The Missionary Review of the World — March 1932

1932

The Present Missionary Outlook Robert E. Speer How An African Preacher Preaches Mrs. John M. Springer Sotne Recent Changes in Mexico Ralph E. Diffendorfer .

The Dynatnic of Hotne Missions John McDowell

Items Dates to~Remember

Mr. James Frederick Talcott, the March 7 and 8-First Annual Meeting son of the late James Talcott, has of the COMMITTEE ON PROMOTION, been elected president of the American HOME MISSIONS COUNCIL and COUN- Bible Society, succeeding Mr. E. Fran- CIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS, cis Hyde, president for the last seven Fort Pitt Hotel, Pittsburgh, Pa.

years. Mr. Talcott comes to his new Rev. J. S. Stowell, Chairman.

position with a deep interest in the March 7-9-National Conference of work of the society. JEWS AND CHRISTIANS, Washington, D. C. ••• May 2-General Conference of the Rev. Robert O. Franklin, for 17 METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, At- years a missionary in Siam and for lantic City, New Jersey. five years president of Bangkok Chris- May 15-21-CHURCH CONFERENCE OF tian College, has been appointed sec- SOCIAL WORK, Philadelphia, Pa.

Direct Express . .. to retary of the American Bible Society May 18-Annual Conference, METH- in charge of the agency in Siam. He ODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH, Colum- JAPAN succeeds Rev. Robert Irwin, who re- AND tires after 20 years of service. bUB, Ohio.

CHINA • •• May 18-20-THE COMMUNITY CHURCH WOIUa:RS 01' U. S. A., Buffalo, N. Y. Direct because straight Dr. F. H. Otto Melle returned to across. Express because of Empress Germany in November after having May 24-28-A GENERAL SYNODICAL speed. Yokohama is only 10 days traveled through the United States MEETING 01' THE REFoRMED CHtTRCH from Vancouver. Shanghai a short effectively presenting the situation in IN THE U. S., Cleveland, Ohio. 4 days beyond! Germany, especially the interests of May 26-General Assembly, PRESBY- Empress of Russia and Empress TElUAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A., of Asia are the largest and fastest the Theolopcal Seminary at Franlt- Denver, Colo. liners on this route. They offer new forl-on-Mam, of which he is the presireduced fares! May 26-General Assembly, PRESBY- dent. ••• TElUAN CHURCH IN THE, U. S., Mon- Want to go via Honolulu? Em. press ofJapan, the Pacific's largest Rev. Dr. L. Myron Boozer, of Iowa, treat, N. C. and fastest liner, and her speedy running mate, Empress of Canada, has been elected President of the June 2-General Synod of REFORMED tllke this route. The crossing is but CHURCH IN AMERICA, Kingston, ;J days longer. These Empresses Board of National Missions of the N.Y. connectatHonoluluwith San Fran. cisco and Los Angeles sailings. Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., suc- June 16-20-Annual Convention of the WOMEN'S GENERAL MISSIONARY SO- Sumptuous First OIlSS on all Em- ceeding the Rev. Joseph A. Vance, CIETY OF THE UNITED PRESBYTERIAN presses ••• a Tourist Class of true "Empress" standard. D. D., of Detroit. Miss Ann Eliza- CHURCH, Columbus, Ohio.

All Empresses sail from Van- beth Taylor of New York was elected couver (where trains go to ship- Vice-president, succeeding Mrs. F. S. side.•• baggage checked through to Bennett. . state-room) and Victoria: ••• June 23-July 4:-COMMITTEE OF THE INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY COUN- Direct Expr~ss Dr. W. W. Yen, the new Chinese Empress of Asia, Apr. 23, June 18 minister to the United States, has CIL, Herrnhut, Germany. Empress ofRussia, Mar. 26, May 21 been for a number Of years the chair- man of the Board of Managers of July 12-17-Annual Meeting, NORTH- Viii Hf»I(JiRiR Yenching University. Empress of Japan, Apr. 9, June 5 ERN BAPl'IST CONVENTION at San Empress ofCanada, Mar. 12,May7 ••• Francisco, Calif. .

Reduced Round Trip Fares. Gipsy Smith, "the world's foremost July ,25-31-WORLD~ SUNDAY SCHOOL Information, your agent, or any evangelist," has recently closed his CONVENTION, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Canadian Pacific office:NewYork, Philadelphia revival campaign of Philadelphia, Chicago. Montreal three weeks. August 23-28-General Conference of and 31 other cities in U. S. and Can. SEVENTH-DAY BAPl'IST CHURCH at (Continued on 3rd Cover) .Adams Center, N. Y. CANADIAN October 18-24:-FIVE YEARS MEETING PACIFIC OF THE FRIENDS, Richmond, Ind.

~ THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS ~ DEPARTMENT OF .ANNUITIES YOUR GIFT NOW WILL BRING TO YOU THE BLESSING OF GIVING WHILE UVING AND THE GUARANTEE OF THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS THA"r YOU WILL HAVE AN INCOME FOR LIFE ERNEST F. HALL, Secretary 156 FIFI'H AVENUE. NEW YORK.

~ PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S.A. .~

Chat THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

The February REvIEw received even a DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor warmer welcome than was given to the Janu- ary number. The list of enthusiastic readers Vol. LV March, 1932 No.3 and boosters for the REVIEW is increasing. Are you one of them? Page Does your pastor take the REVIEW? Is it FRONTISPIECE-Shanghai-and the Present Scenes of Conflict •••• 130 circulated in your missionary society? Are TOPICS OF THE TIMES ••• , ••• , •••• , ..• , ••••••• , .•.•.•• , ••• , ., 131 you taking advantage of the "Effective Ways of Working" so helpfully suggested by Mrs. Opposing Forces in China Mr. Gandhi and Christian Missions Aitchison for increasing missionary interest at home? Studying Foreign Mission Problems BE A BOOSTER ASPECTS OF THE PRESENT MISSIONARY OUTLOOK. . • • • • • •• 135 Here are some of the recent comments on By Dr. Robert E. Speer, Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, our February number: Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

"We wish to congratulate you on the appear- HOW THE AFRICAN PREACHER PREACHES. " , ' •• , '" , •• , ' •• 140 ance of the REVIEW as well as upon its con- tents. The material it contains is very inter- By Mrs. John M. Springer, a missionary of the American Methodist esting indeed." Episcopal Church at Jadotville, Belgian Congo JAMES V. CLARKE, THE CHRISTIANS AND THE JEWS ••••••••.••• , ..•••. , • • • . • •• 144 Managing Editor of the By Max I. Reich of Morrisville, Pa, • • • Presbyterian Advamce. SOME RECENT CHANGES IN MEXICO., ••• , ••• " . " . " ••••••• 145 "You have wonderfully improved the RE- VIEW in its form and its articles." By the Rev. Ralph E. Diffendorfer, Secretary of the Board of Foreign • • • PROFESSOR HARLAN P. BEACH. Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church .

"I like the new form very much and think CHRISTIAN PROGRESS IN PUERTO RICO •.• , •..• " .••••. ,… 147 you have improved the contents. The Febru- ary issue is splendid." By Jarvis S. Morris of San German, Puerto Rico WILUAM R. KING, THE DYNAMIC OF HOME MISSIONS .•••• , •••..• , , , , , , .• , . • • •• 149 Executive Secretary of the By the Rev. John McDowell, D.D., President of the Home Missions • • • Home Missions Council. Council and Secretary of the Board of National Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. "The REVIEW in its new apparel arrested my attention at once and I think it is a very great WHAT PROGRESS IN HOME MISSIONS?,., ••• , .• " .• ,.,., ••• 155 improvement. The articles arrest attention." By the Rev. William R, King, D.D., Extracts from the Annual Report MRS. JOHN FERGUSON. of the Executive Secretary of the Home Missions Council President of the ADVENTURES AMONG THE AMAZON INDIANS •••.. , •• , .•••• 159 National Council of A review of "The Challenge of Amazon's Indians" by Mrs. Arthur F. • • • Federated Church Women. Tylee. Reviewea by Dr. Thomas C. Moffett, Secretary of the Com- mission on the Indians of Latin America "I congratulate you on the last two issues of the REVIEW. I like it very much better STUDENTS AND MISSIONARY INTEREST •••.•..•• , . . . . . . , .••• 161 in its new dress." By the Rev. William M. Miller, a Presbyterian Missionary on furlough MILLS J. TAYLOR. Associate Secretary, FACE TO FACE WITH HUMAN WRECKS .• " …• , ….•…•• ,. 163 Board of Foreign Missions, United Presbyterian Church By the Rev. Walter Amos Morgan, Pastor of the First Congregational Church, Chicago, Illinois of North America. WORLD FRIENDSHIP BOOKS FOR CHILDREN • . . . , • . . . , • • . • . .• 166 WHAT IS YOUR REACTION? By Hazel V. Orton, Secretary of Elementary Work, Missionary Educa- Most of the Author8 in the present number tion Movement need no introduction. Do not fail to read the article by Mrs. Springer who has been FAIR PLAY IN LATIN AMERICA ……………………….. 168 for over thirty years a Methodist missionary in Central Africa. American preachers and EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 169 speakers will find some valuable suggestions on how to keep their audiences awake. Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitehison Mr. Max 1. Reich is a Hebrew Christian, WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN, , , , ….• , ….•. , ., 173 a scholar, a man of unusual Christian spirit and a leader among the Hebrew Christians Edited by Helen M. Brickman and Florence G. Tyler of America. OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 The article by Dr. Thomas C. Moffett tells a thrilling and a heart-rending story of the A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events murder of two American missionaries and a little child by Indians in the Amazon valley. OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF, .•••…• , •••. , .•.. , .. , ….•• , 189 The Rev. Wm. M. Miller, a very effective Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information Presbyterian missionary iR Persia, has been spending some months worki-'1g amollg the Publication Office 40 S. Meridian St., Indianapolis, Indiana students in North American colleges. He tells Editorial and Business Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City interesting facts that he has observed. Entered as second-class matter at Post-Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March WHICH ARTICLE DO YOU LIKE BEST? 3,1879.

Every month we are obliged to omit as good Application has been made to transfer to Indianapolis, Ind. papers as we have room to print. LO'Jk for Foreign Postage 50 cents a year these in the coming numbers-for example: 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year "The Rural Situation in Canada." by the Published monthly-All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1932 by the Rev. J. R. Watts. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBUSHING CO., INC, uA Tense Problem in Persia," by Bishop J. H. Linton, Board of Directors "The Effect of a Divided Church on Mis- ROBImT E. SPEER, President SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT SAMUEL M, Z"'EMER sions," by Dr. Cleland B. McAfee. WM, I, CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President MRS. ORRIN R. Juno MILTON J. STAUFFER WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer WM. B. LIPPHARO "Does Christ Approve of Institutional Mis- DELAVAN L, PmRSON, Secretary ERIc M. NORTH A. L. W ARNSHUIS sions 1ft , by Sam Higginbottom.

"Do Missionary Hymns Need Revision 1". by Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer.

"When Burmese Students Preach the Gos- pel," by H. I. Marshall of Rangoon.

"Gandhi and Christianity in India," by C. L. Sury of Simla.

"A Woman FighVng the Devil in San Francisco," a book review by Dr. Arthur J. Brown, WHAT SUBJECT WOTILD YOU LIKE TO SEE TREATED?

– –INTERNATIONAL

SETTLEMENT BOUNDARY – JAPANESE AREA ••••• 31'U U.S.IN~ . AREA 8P.ITISH A P.EA GPOO SCALE OF ~ MILE J"

The above map (adapted from the Herald-Tribune) shows the borders of the International Settlement. French Concession. devastated H Chinese section Chapei. and the old Chinese city. Japanese and other warships are stationed in the Whang Poo River. The Whang Poo forts are several miles to the east. down the river. The Japanese © and Chinese forces are intrenched on either side of Chapei. Hongkew. (Japanese area). is the section of Shanghai in which most of the Japanese reside.

M. (near the British Consulate). = Protestant Mission head- CHINESE- + Quarters. CITY == location of some of the Christian churches.

P location of former Presbyterian Mission Press. beyond which was the destroyed Commercial Press.

St. Johns University (Episcopal) is to the west and Shanghai Uni- versity (Baptist) to the east of Shanghai.

SHANGHAI-AND THE PRESENT SCENES OF THE SINO-JAPANESE CONFLICT

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER THREE MARCH, 1932 Topics of the Times OPPOSING FORCES IN CHINA valuable library and club rooms for employees, A warless war is being fought in the Yangtze and on the presses were printed millions of pages Valley and in Manchuria. No war has been de- of Christian literature every year. The loss to the clared between China and Japan and yet fighting missionary enterprise alone cannot be measured. goes on between the forces of the two nations. The Chinese National Government has appealed The Japanese marines are reported to have into the League of Nations to help settle the dis- vaded and damaged the Chinese School and other pute by peaceful means-since both China and mission buildings of the Methodist Episcopal Japan are members of the League and have Church, South. War vessels proceeded up the signed the Kellogg~Briand Peace Pact and the Yangtze to Nanking where they bombarded Chi- Nine Power Treaty. But Japan seems to be nese forts and landed marines. In spite of apbent on settling matters in her own way-by force peals and warnings from the League of Nations of arms. Council gathered at Geneva, and in the face of strong protests from the American, British, Italian The Manchurian muddle is apparently due to and French governments, the Japanese refuse to Japan's demand for full protection of her subjects withdraw or to cease their military activities until and what she claims to be her rights in the three their purpose has been attained. Possibly they Eastern Provinces and to China's inability to are hoping to obtain a Japanese concession in guarantee such protection. Small mobs in vari- Shanghai, similar to that controlled by the French. ous centers of China have now and then attacked Recent press reports state that the Japanese pro- Japanese subjects and damaged some property. pose international control over five large Chinese Floods, bandits and civil strife have hindered the cities-Shanghai, Canton, Hankow, Tsingtao and maintenance of peace and order. The Chinese Tientsin. They refuse, however, to intrust their replied to Japanese aggression-not by force of nationals to the protection of an international arms-but by declaring a boycott against Japa- force and will not consent to submit the Manchunese goods. rian problem to the League of Nations Commis- This boycott has hit Japan harder than armed sion. resistance. It is an economic war that Japan is As a preliminary to peace Japan demands: not prepared to wage. As a result the Japanese 1. Japan and China shall mutually pledge themselves to non-aggression and guarantee each other's territory. are carrying the military conflict into the heart 2. All forms of anti-Japanism in China, including the of China, sending warships, marines and airplanes boycott, shall be called oft' permanently. to 'Shan~hai, bombarding Chinese forts, dropping 3. Asslirances to be given of the safety of Japanese destru~bve bombs on Chinese sections of the city, lives and property in China. patrollmg the streets, and killing Chinese, even 4. Payment for railways built in Manchuria with Japnon-combatants in the International Settlement. A ruthless and unnecessary piece of destruction anese money, and recognition of existing agreements for was the bombing and burning of the great Com- railway construction in Manchuria.

5. . Recognition of existing treaty rights, including the question of Japanese land leases in Manchuria.

mercial Press in the Chapei district of Shanghai. 6. The withdrawal of all Chinese military forces to a This modern Chinese and English press-owned dista~e of twenty miles from Shanghai.

and controlled by Christian Chinese-was prob- These demands are not extreme and have been ably the largest in Asia. It was equipped with accepted by China, but Japan is not satisfied with modern cylinder presses, linotype machines, bind- the assurances and continues her militarv activ- ers and other up-to-date machinery. It had a ity. In the meantime the lives and property of [131]

American and European nationals are threatened China to a speedy end. The League of Nations and there seems to be danger of embroiling many is itself on trial to test its efficiency and its cournations in this conflict. Meanwhile the Disarma- age in carrying out the provisions of its own Covement Conference sits in Geneva. nants.

Japan is proud and headstrong; her army and In the meantime Christians in Japan, in China, navy are large and efficient and have never yet in America and England are uniting in prayer that been defeated. Her military officers are imperi- God will point the way to right relations between ous and opposition to the forces under their con- men, and that men may have vision and courage trol are looked upon as an insult to their country. to follow His way. Now is the time to show the But Japan cannot afford to go to war with Europe effectiveness of a united movement for peaceor America or to disregard the rights and opin- which is better than disarmament. Best of all is ions of other nations. Already her course has the movement for international, interracial and wrought havoc with her trade, has caused her to national goodwill, based on justice and love under be suspected and to lose friends. China may be the banner of the Prince of Peace. weakened because of internal difficulties, but China is better as an ally than as an enemy. STUDYING FOREIGN MISSION PROBLEMS A force quietly and persistently working for For the past thirty-nine years the executives of peace and righteousness, both in China and Japan, is the body of Christian missionaries. Those in the leading foreign mission boards of the United each land love and serve the nationals among whom they are working. Shanghai alone con- States and Canada have been meeting annually to tains some five hundred Protestant missionaries with their children. They are non-combatants confer on their common task and problems. The and peace makers. These are connected with over fifty American and British missionary societies. churches they represent number about twenty- Most of them reside in the International and French settlements, for Shanghai is the mission- three million members and spend over thirty-five ary headquarters. The total American and European population of Shanghai is forty thousand. million dollars a year in foreign mission work.

Japan and the League The problems and methods have changed greatly Governments feel their responsibility for the in the past forty years; missionaries have insafety and rights of their citizens, even though protection requires recourse to arms. It is to be creased fivefold and expenditures sevenfold. Mishoped that diplomacy, justice and wisdom will prevail; love may be thought to set too idealistic sion boards have been brought into much closer a standard. An international commission-including Japanese and Chinese members-might cooperation through these conferences and the well be intrusted with the settlement of the present difficulties. Such a commission would lessen "science of missions" has developed. . the danger of injustice from prejudice, self-interest and injured pride. The League of Nations From January 12th to 15th this year about two Covenant provides that members of the League shall submit to the Council any dispute likely to hundred and sixty executives and missionaries lead to a rupture and the signers "agree in no case to resort to war until three months ·after the met in Atlantic City. They represented seven award by the arbitrators or the report by the Council." (Article 12.) The Covenant also pro- Canadian boards and eighty-three boards of the vides that "should any member of the League resort to war in disregard of its covenants under United States. In place of platform addresses, the Articles 12, 13 or 15, it shall ipso facto be deemed to have committed an act of war against all the conference resolved itself into a "platform roundother members of the League, which hereby undertake immediately to subject it to severance of table conference" to consider, first, the "Values all trade or financial relations." (Article 16.) and Problems in the Use of Foreign Money" on This very definite agreement is one which, if carried out promptly, would bring the invasion of the mission field; second, the "Problems and Pos- sibilities of Rural Missionary Work"; third, the "Important Qualifications of Missionaries Under Present Conditions"; and, fourth, the "Proposals of the Commission on Christian Higher Educa- tion" on the mission fields. These discussions were unusually fruitful. While the conferences do not legislate, the results of these round-table de- liberations will be reported to the several boards for their consideration and action.

Among the special features of the conference were addresses by Dr. Oscar M. Buck of Drew University on "Present Inescapable Issues"; by Dr. T. Z. Koo of China on "Spiritual Implications of These Issues"; and by Prof. D. D. T. Jabavu of South Africa and Dr. James H. Franklin of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society on "The Meaning of the Cross in the Life of the World Today."

Among the outstanding subjects that require

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

most careful and prayerful thought by missionary an hour. The International Missionary Council, leaders today are the following: through which the Foreign Missions Conference (1) How far shall national Christian churches cooperates with twenty-nine similar groups in mission lands be under foreign direction and throughout the world, also presented its printed assisted with foreign funds? All recognize the report calling attention to some important matters.

necessity for promoting their independence and Resolutions were adopted expressing deep sym- self-support and for developing strong, intelligent pathy with the Kingdom of God Movement in spiritual leadership. Many believe that too much Japan, the relief of suffering in China, the need financial aid has been given in the past and that for the abolition of traffic in narcotics and alco- this aid should be drastically reduced in order to holic drinks throughout the world, and for work promote independence from foreign control. in behalf of world peace and the reduction of (2) How can educational mission work, espe- armaments.

cially in higher education, be made more fruitful The conference appointed a committee of seven- in winning students to Christ and in training teen to study the future program and organization native evangelists and Christian teachers and of the conference. Some advocate the advisability preachers so as to build up strong national of meeting every two years, in place of annually, churches? This question involves the problem of and advise the selection of a less expensive resort non-Christian teachers and pupils in mission for these gatherings.

schools and colleges, government subsidies and The chairman of the conference this year was regulation of these Christian institutions~ and the Dr. A. E. Armstrong of the United Church of use of short-term missionary teachers, many of Canada. For next year the chairman selected is whom have no evangelistic purpose. Dr. P. H. J. Lerrigo, a secretary of the American (3) What type of missionary should be sent out Baptist Foreign Mission Society, who is also today to represent Christ and His Church among chairman of the committee on the future program non-Christian peoples? Shall they be more highly and organization. The chairman of the Committee trained for special tasks than formerly, or shall of Reference and Council is Miss Sarah S. Lyon, more emphasis be placed on spiritual equipment secretary of the Foreign Department of the Naand devotion? The general conviction is that it is tional Board of the Young Women's Christian a mistake to try to reproduce foreign churches Association. This year the Federation of Womand institutions in mission lands. The aim is an's Boards of Foreign Missions met separately rather so to present Christ and His message of at Yonkers.

life that the people of these lands will accept His claims and will follow His teachings in all their MR. GANDHI AND CHRISTIAN MISSIONS activities and relationships, as set forth in the At a meeting between Mr. Gandhi and repre- New Testament. sentatives of the British missionary societies held in London during the Nationalist leaders' attend- (4) Another problem, which is today greatly ance at the recent Round Table Conference, he hampering the work, is due to a decrease in mis- spoke frankly of the reports that have been cirsionary gifts. There is great need to stimulate culated in regard to his attitude toward Chris- Christians at home to deeper interest, more ear- tian missions. He said: nest prayer and more sacrificial giving to advance the cause of Christ throughout the world. The "From youth upwards I have enjoyed the subject of the present shortage of missionary friendliest relations with missionaries throughout funds, which is so embarrassing the work, was the world. In South Africa I came into close not upon the program and there was almost no touch with some of the finest of Christian misreference to it, but between the sessions many sionaries. I attended your churches most regugroups at Atlantic City discussed it seriously. larly and also private prayer meetings. . . . The recent report about my attitude to missions was In recent years this Foreign Missions Confer- an unconscious misrepresentation. I have had ence has been less and less an occasion for the letters from all parts of India and from Engtransaction of routine business or for the passage land and the U. S. A. asking if it was true that of resolutions having to do with interdenomina- I would prohibit all missionary enterprise and estional and international missionary cooperation. pecially proselytizing. What I meant was just Such business is now referred to the Committee of Reference and Counsel, which is highly organ- the contrary. Any suggestion that I should want ized with an Executive Committee and subcom- legislation to prohibit missionary enterprise or to mittees, and which holds several two-day meetings interfere with the beliefs of other people is unduring the year. Their report was presented to thinkable.

the conference and was disposed of in less than "The idea of converting people to one's faith

by speech and writings, by appeal to reason and word is the limitation of thought. There is room emotion and by suggesting that the faith of his for both writing and speech. Though my convic- forefathers is a bad faith, in my opinion, limits tion is strong enough in me for me to die for that the possibilities of serving humanity. I believe conviction, that force does not carry me to the that the great religions of the world are all more goal of believing that the same thing should be or less true and that they have descended to us believed by my fellowmen. I know how impertifrom God. Having come to us, however, through nent it is for an utter stranger to speak to those human media they have become adulterated. . . . to whom the message of the Bible is sacred as life itself. I am speaking to you as a seeker after God, "Whilst I criticise part of the missionary work just as you also are seekers after God. Religion I willingly admit that missions have done indirect is a personal matter, and I am not going to ask good to India. There is no doubt about this. But another man to become a Hindu or a Parsee. I for my having come under Christian influence, am sharing with you my own experience and trysome of my social work would not have been done. ing to show you as fellow workers that probably, My fierce hatred of child marriage and 'untouch- if you could see eye to eye with me, your work ability' is due to Christian influence. I have would flourish more and more. You have amazcome into contact with many splendid specimens ing self-sacrifice. You Christian missionaries of Christian missionaries." are good men. I want to multiply occasions for your service. I want to work closer with you, but The Rev. William Paton, editor of the Interna- I do not want you to get India to change her faith. tional Review oj Missions, read the resolution God is Father to the 'untouchable,' to all of us, passed in 1924 by the Delhi Unity Conference on but He appears to you in another garb. . . . I religious freedom, which Mr. Gandhi helped to adore the same Father though I may not adore draft and which he said still represent his views. him as 'God.' To me that name makes no appeal. The resolutions read: but when I think of Him as Rama, He thrills me. MY' forefathers have known him as Rama, and This Conference is emphatically of opinion that the when I take the name of Rama I arise with the utmost freedom of conscience and religion is essential, same energy. The name 'God', as it is written in and condemns any desecration of places Df worship to the Bible, is contrary to experience. My whole whatsoever faith they may belong, and any persecution soul rejects the teaching that Rama is not my or punishment of any person for adopting or reverting God. Go to the 'untouchables' ; give them schools. to any faith, and further condemns any attempt by com- If anyone were able to show me that God the Fapulsion to convert people to one's faith or to enforce one's ther had to be approached in one particular way own religious observance at the cost of the rights of I would not hesitate a moment, I would go to the others. . . . This Conference records its opinion: whole world, but my life would have to be re- written. My search is for peace and to show God That every individual or group shall have full liberty through the life I live. I give myself to my felto hold and give expression to his or their beliefs and lowmen. This is the secret of peace and happifollow any religious practice, with due regard to the feel- ness also." ings of others and without interfering with their rights. In no case may such individual or group revile the found- A member of the conference referred to the ers, holy persons or tenets of any other faith. command to Christians to go out to all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature. Mr. That every individual is at liberty to follow any faith Gandhi's reply to this was that if the questioner and to change it whenever he so wills, and shall not by believed that these were the inspired words in reason of such change of faith render himself liable to the Bible then he was called upon to obey implicany punishment or persecution at the hands of the fol- itly. lowers of the faith renounced by him. Mr. Gandhi made it abundantly plain that the That every individual or group is at liberty to convert issue between himself and the Christian missionor reconvert another by argument or persuasion but must ary movement lies much deeper than is sometimes not attempt to do so, or prevent its being done, by force, supposed. Mr. Gandhi is desirous only that the fraud or other unfair means, such as the offering of missionaries should be courteous and self-effacing, material inducement. Persons under 16 years of age and should identify themselves with the people of should not be converted unless it be along with their par- the country, but is opposed to the effort to win disents or guardians. If any person under 16 years of age ciples to Christ-something which is fundamental is found stranded without his parent or guardian by a in Christianity. The content of the Christian person of another faith, he should be promptly handed message is not the superiority of a foreign civilover to a person of his own faith. There must be no ization, but is the Person, the Words, the Work secrecy about any conversion or reconversion. and the Power of Jesus Christ.

If Mr. Gandhi Were a Christian "If I were a Christian missionary (and I can enter into the hearts of Christian missionaries)," said Mr. Gandhi, "I would go and work among the 'untouchables,' establishing Christian ashrams among them, with a church in a mud, living among them as God may guide.

"Language fails to convey meaning; the uttered

of the Present

Outlook .-:( , By ROBERT E. SPEER, D. D., New York Secretary of the Board of Foreign Mi.~sions. Presbyterian Church, V. S. A.; author of "Some Living Issues", etc.

T HE clash of Japan and China in Manchuria provoked save as Japan herself manufactured the has turned the eyes of the world again to the provocation. Far East. It is illustrative of the new world The League of Nations has sought earnestly to unity which has come into being, that el;lch coun- find a solution of a problem whose complexity and try has striven to justify itself difficulty are known fully only before the conscience of man- to those who have knowledge kind and each has charged the The whole world is upset. which the general public does responsibility for fault upon Men's attitude toward religion not have. Fair-minded people the other. In the case of large and politics, toward social and must sympathize with 60th naelements in each nation the economical conditions have tions and wish for a just settlecharge is made with undoubted undergone a radical change in ment that will help each nation honesty. In China the student the past twenty years. Should to meet its grievous problems, class has been convinced that we conform our view of the so that both of them will live China was wholly innocent and mission of Christ and the together in friendship and good Japan the indisputable offend- Christian Church to fit some will. fixed standard? In this paper er, while in Japan groups which Dr. Speer deals with some of It is difficult to see how J a- have been clearly sympathetic the present problems in Asia pan's real interests are to be with China's struggle and which and their effect on the present met by military measures or have steadily opposed the mili- religious and missionary out- any territorial expansion won taristic temper, have neverthe- at the price of China's hatred less felt that in the present case look. There is a greater dan- and distrust. Dr. Harold Moulthe whole blame was not on ger that threatens than the ton, President of the Brookings Japan. danger of anti-religious in- Institute and recent adviser of fluences. There are dangers the Japanese Minister of Fi- Japan has contended that she that threaten the very roots nance, set forth this issue in a was only protecting her own of the missionary unde~ak­ speech last November before nationals and treaty rights in ing. These he deals with frankly and constructively. Manchuria, and that China was What is the need of the hour? the Chicago Council on Foreign seeking to use the present situ- Relations. He said: .

ation and the machinery of the League of Nations so to confuse the issue that she From 1920 to 1929 Japan had a period of extraordinary would escape from her treaty commitments. Japan expansion and was able to absorb and support her popucould quote a Chinese, P. C. Hsu, as saying, "China lation in a rising standard of living. The population is will never tolerate the treaty rights that have about 65,000,000 and the increase has been a million a year for the last decade. With the end of economic been based upon the notorious Twenty-one De- expansion the population problem became one of acute mands." concern. Under the present situation 500,000 new workers must be given employment each year in Japan. The popu- On the other side China has contended that these lation increase is one each 15 seconds, or faster than the treaty claims were iniquitous and that Japan has entire merchant marine could carry them away if given seized the present world situation, as she seized this task.

the opportunity of 1915, to take advantage of Dr. Moulton.then took up Japan's colonial his- China's weakness and to invade still further her tory. He showed that Formosa and Korea have integrity and sovereignty; she contends that not proved an outlet for population and that they Japan's present activity in Manchuria was un- are an economic burden. He continued: [135]

What of Manchuria? They have had twenty years of large industries and banking firms have done their share development there. It has not proved a population outlet. in bringing about these changes. There are only 200,000 Japanese there in a population .of thirty million. There is another side to this matter. The old family organization in China was a positive incu- Manchuria is like our middle and northwestern states, bus on individual initiative and social progress. largely a wheat growing country. Japan lives largely on The difficulty today is that the good of the insti- rice. There is coal in Manchuria but the Japanese have tution is going with the evil before any new form sufficient. of family life has been established to conserve this good and to displace this evil. The only form of My conclusion is that the possession of Manchuria by family life that can do this is the Christian, and Japan is of secondary economic importance. Japan w.ould the Christian form is fighting for its very exist- be at a permanent disadvantage through seizure and ence in the West. permanent occupation. Influence on Missions The Japanese people cannot migrate. They cannot com- pete with Chinese and Korean labor. Their great problem The excitement of the Manchurian situation has is to find employment for their people at home. This not apparently closed or constricted in any way cannot be in agriculture. It is only possible in an increase th~ Christian opportunity in either China or in manufactures. Her chief outlets for manufactured Japan. Mission schools and colleges in China are goods are in China and India. Her .only .opportunity is filled and evangelistic missionaries report audito manufacture finished products by skilled labor for sale ences everywhere. In Japan unprecedented ac- abroad. cessibilities are reported. The organ of the King- dom of God Movement reports: This is recognized by most of the members of the parliamentary government. Any possible gain in Manchuria Communism is making tremendous inrQads in student would be more than offset by losses in trade with the centres as well as in the industrial area and amQng the rest of China. The Chinese boycott is a very seriQUS peasant class. The doors, hQwever, are nQt closed to the thing. Christian message. Some weeks ago the writer partici- pated in a campaign in a rural town. Because the church The best interests of Japan, as of all the rest of of the town could not hold the crowds the local committee the world, require friendship and cooperation between Japan and China. arranged to hold the meetings in the auditorium of the public primary school. When I expressed concern as to And assuredly China needs peace and justice. It is an infinite pity that she cannot be let alone whether my message, in which I expected to major on the and wilL not be satisfied to deal with her own in- evangelistic note, would be welcomed in such a place, I ternal problems so as to establi~h unity and order was told that the Principal, although not a Christian, inand a just and prosperous national life. It is sisted that they wanted a religious message and the more tragic that she should have energies and resources Christian the better. and attention drawn away to straighten out foreign relationships when she needs all her thought At the close of the message the local pastor asked that and strength for the enormous tasks of her own decision cards be distributed and while he made a ringing development. The single problem of the family plea f.or decisions a good number .of the audience signed organization and life is tragic enough and it is cards as inquirers. only one of a score hardly less important. Mr. Chang, Chinese Consul General in San Francisco, The holding of a Christian evangelistic meeting, closing has written of this: with an appeal for decisions, in a Government Primary School is something which never could have happened Of the many changes in China. wrought by the forces anywhere in Japan a few years ago. It shows the turn which have been brought into play by the impact of .of the anti-religious tide which has been running with Western civilization, none has had such a far-reaching such tremendous force during the past fifty years among effect on the present Chinese social structure as the the intellectuals and educational leaders of the Empire. passing .of the family system. Admittedly, China is the last stronghold of the old family system, but even Two weeks later, the writer was asked to help in a camhere it must give way to the disintegrating force of the w.orld's industrial revolution. Its origin practically lost paign in two churches in an industrial centre. Never in the mist of antiquity, the Chinese family system has during almost thirty years in Japan have I seen so many been handed down through many centuries virtually in- laboring men in a Christian church, wearing their worktact. The reason for this is that Chinese civilization has ing garb marked with the emblem of their trade. At the been built on the basis of the family. All ancient records close, one-fifth of those present responded to the invitation of history give credit for the establishment of matrimonial and signed cards as inquirers. In the other church the rites to Fu Hsi, the legendary emperor who ruled China building was packed with y.oung people from a neighbormore than 5,000 years ago. The use of the family sur- ing factory. names came into existence at about the same time. It may therefore be said that patriarchal society in China, The Kingdom of God Movement reports meetas well as the Chinese family system, came into being ings in 1930 attended by 265,000 people, with during this period. The centralization of the chief in- 13,837 signing cards as inquirers. For the past dustries in the cities and towns has been the main cause six months of 1931 there were 157,942 in attendof the breaking up of the family system. Emigrations to ance at the meetings, and 8,842 cards signed. the less congested parts of China and even to other countries, the improved means of transportation, and the .or- The Manchurian incident, as already indicated, ganization of agencies in various parts of the country by has shown afresh the unity of interest which now binds together the whole world. The late Profes-

ASPECTS OF THE PRESENT MISSIONARY OUTLOOK

sor Giddings of Columbia contended that the fun- most vital to the world's life and to the cause of damental sociological principle was "conscious- human unity. This truth ought to be the clearest ness of kind." Kin-consciousness now takes in and the most welcomed truth, namely, the prin- not only one's own race or nation but all human- ciple of full religious liberty, of complete freedom ity. Ramsay Macdonald, in closing the debate on for the spirit of man. There are now more as- the speech from the throne when the new Parlia- saults on this principle than for many a year. It ment assembled on November 10, pointed out that has been flatly and tyrannically rejected in Russia.

the separatist economy of the nations was "crazy." It has been threatened and abridged in China.

He said that the only hope of Great Britain and Nationalism has limited it in Turkey. In the of the world lay in "the necessary international natural reaction against oppressive clericalism conferences and negotiations." New understand- some of the Latin American states have denied ings must be reached and "every nation in the basic religious rights, and even in India Mr.

world must be a party to the agreement." Even Gandhi and Mr. Natarajan have decried the lib- Senator Borah said, what is obvious now to all erty now permitted for free religious discussion rational men but what until recently only mis- and propaganda. Mr. Gandhi later took pains to sionary people declared, speaking in Carnegie Hall say that he would never wish to have his disap- on May 5, 1931: "Our country cannot escape from proval enacted as law, but Mr. Natarajan openly this deep trough of depression and at the same appealed for the prohibition by statute of all ef- time leave the balance of the human race behind. fort on the part of Christianity, at least, to divert We have our own immediate problems.. We have Hindus and Moslems from the ancient faiths of our own immediate work before us. But in a India. He forgot, however, as the Christians of larger sense the prosperity of the United States India have pointed out to him, that Christianity depends upon the prosperity of other peoples. was in India long before Mohammedanism, that Anything like general and durable prosperity it is as truly an ancient faith of India as Islam, must be had in connection with the rest of the or some sects of Hinduism, and that it has the world." third largest body of adherents in India, exceed- But this common interest of the world cannot ing the Sikhs and, in India proper, the Buddhists be expressed in mere commercial or economic as well.

terms. The new Ambassador of Peru to the There is no danger in India of the abridgment United States, Don Manuel de Freyre, spoke of by law of the right of religious liberty, both of this at an address to the Pan-American Society: worship and of proclamation. The Nehru Report It goes without saying that business is indeed a very gave assurance of that in its proposed constitu- important factor in uniting countries that live far apart. tion. And the agreement of the five minorities at . . . But to join men together does not necessarily mean that they will get on well together. . . . Friend- the recent Round Table Conference provided: ship stands on a higher plane. It would not be honest to deny that certain barriers between North and South Full religious liberty-that is, full liberty of belief, Americans do exist. . . • We should become acquainted worship, observances, propaganda, associations and educawith not only our material needs, but our spiritual needs tion-shall be guaranteed to all communities, subject to as well. The souls of our nations should come in touch the maintenance of public order and morality. No person one with another. Externals are quickly seized; the hidden shall merely by change of faith lose any civic' right or reactions of the mind and heart are more elusive elements. privilege or be subject to any penalty. The right shall be given to establish, manage and control, at their own Indeed, as has been often pointed out, our mate- expense, charitable, religious and social institutions, schools and other educational establishments, with the rial interests and the relations founded upon them right to exercise their religion therein. The Constitution are the most brittle of all bonds. Kipling's "Peace shall embody adequate safeguards for the protection of of Dives," embodying the idea of the irrefragable religion, culture and personal law and the promotion of value of economic relationships, was exploded with education, language and charitable institutions of the minority communities and for their due share in grants the other axioms of our materialistic civilization given by the State and by self-governing bodies.

in the World War. The only real unity of the But more important than any paper agreements world is biological and spiritual. The missionary are the facts of life. There is not and there never enterprise embodies it with the doctrine of inter- will be, unless India becomes Christian, a unity of racial respect and equality and its sanctions religions in India. So long as there is no unity springing from its conception of one God and the different groups will require and secure tole- Father of all and one Saviour for the common ration and freedom. And when Christianity beneed of mankind. comes the dominant religion, toleration and free- The Principle of ,Religious Liberty dom will be of necessity guaranteed. The missionary enterprise has more to fear It is a strange fact that there is increasing from other influences than from the threat of the blindness across the world to the truth which is abridgment of religious freedom. This threat is

a hopeless battle against God and time. The road it is because that is not believed; it is because the disto martyrdom is always open to those to whom tinctiveness and exclusiveness of the Christian religion has truth and freedom are more than life. The greater been allowed to fade to a certain extent .out .of men's dangers lie in ideas and attitudes that cut the minds, that the CDmpulsive attraction of the Christian faith is less felt at hDme, and that the men are not coming roots of the missionary undertaking, because they into the Church by whom the work of missions .ought to cut the very roots of Christianity. What are these be done. ideas and attitudes? The late Professor James These are things that need to be said in the Denney summed them up in his downright way in plainest way today against the adulation of Mr. his address at the Edinburgh Missionary Confer- Gandhi and his exaltation to a place with Christ and against the preparations that are even now ence in 1910: making in India for his apotheosis. The Hindu- First of all I would say that the Church must have stan Times of September 17, 1931, closes an edia revived and deepened sense that God has given us torial on "Gandhi-The World Teacher" with the something wonderful and incomparable in giving us His words: Son. A great part of the weakness .of the Church con- sists in or arises out of the diffusion in it .of a kind of If the manner in which he has captured the hearts of Christian secularism. There are large numbers of people the Western people is any indication .of the future, it is in the Church at home to whom the Church is something quite pDssible that while his present visit may mark the of-I was going to say exactly, but at all events .of very culminatiDn of his political career, it may als:o inaugurate much-the same kind as a great many other institutions the beginning of a greater and more gloriouR career, that exist fur the ameliDration of society. They can be- namely, of a saviDur not .only of the teeming milliDns .of long to a Church as they belong to any other society that India, but of the teeming millions of the world. Has not does the world good, but they dD nDt feel under any obli- the saint of Sabarmati much in commDn with the Saint gation to belong to it. of Galilee?

Very often the distinctive and specific things that ought The Allahabad Leade'f on August 12, 1931, to characterize the Church, that :ought to be prominent quoted from an Indian paper an article by Ramasin its testimony, that ought to be the testing things of its wanis Aiyar entitled "Gandhi and Christ–Each life-the forgiveness of sin and the presence .of God in Christ and the indwelling of His Spirit and the reality Is Practically the Other." A mass of such litera- .of eternal life-these things are nDt the things that are prominent, but they are dulled and in the background ture has appeared both in India and in the West. somehDw, and the sDuls of men do not live in these things, Mr. Gandhi is not Christ, nor is he a Christian, but in a kind of gODd wDrks such as they might dD any- though he is a good man and ought to be a Chris- where else in the world as well as there. tian. But he is no evidence that Denney's view of There is anDther thing that goes to weaken the Church Christianity is not true. It is the New Testament -and sometimes, strange tD say, it is supposed tD be a view. It is the historic Christian view. It is the reflex effect .of the wDrk .of fDreign missiDns themselves. 'true view. And the Christ of the Gospel is to be There are .other religions in the world beside .our .own, and made known to all men and all men are to be in- YDU are familiar with the idea that those other religiDns have a place and functiDn in the prDvidential gDvernment vited and entreated, "beseeched" as St. Paul said, of the world. The whole question of the existence of to become His disciples, to accept the redeeming other religi.ons and .of their relatiDns tD the Christian deed of God in the Gospel and to help build religion and .of their relative right tD exist and tD function Christ's Church and Kingdom in all the earth. in the life .of the world, is SD difficult a question in- tellectually that many peDple make it an excuse fDr Missionary Propaganda refusing tD interpDse in such a cDmplicated situatiDn, and even begin tD say to themselves sDmething like what If this is propaganda, then it is exactly the Ezekiel heard the Israelites say nearly six hundred years business for which the Christian Church was esbefDre Jesus came, "We will be like the heathen, like the tablished and exists in the world. There is a great families of the countries, to serve wood and stone." Peo- deal of loose and unexamined thinking and speakple say tD themselves, "Weare not going to interfere in ing today on this matter. "Propaganda" is dethis; we will leave the whole affair to PrDvidence tD work it out in its own way; we will not assert anything intDI- nounced and the whole missionary conception of erant .or exclusive in .our faith; we will take .our chance and sink Dr swim with mankind." That kind .of feeling the New Testament is decried as imperialism. We has tainted the mind .of Christendom, and even the mind are told that Christianity is no longer to be con- ceived as the final and absolute and exclusive reof the Christian Church. Now thDse two things have done a great deal to weaken ligion, but only as one of many, and that our busi- the Church, and I believe we need in the home church ness is to "share," not in the sense of sharing preaching directed against them bDth; preaching that will Christ, but in the sense of interchanging ideas bring out what is distinctive and peculiar in the revelatiDn with the non-Christian religions and setting up a that GDd has given us in His SDn, preaching that will pantheon which will contain Christ, to be sure, make men feel that we cannDt evade the responsibility .of that incomparable gift that God has given, preaching but also Buddha and Mohammed and all the that will make everybody feel that the difference between the Christian and the non-Christian attitude tD Jesus is "prophets." Men may hold this view now as they not the difference of mDre or less, or the difference of have held it before, but they may not call it Chrisbetter or worse, but the difference of life or death. And tianity, nor will they find in it the dynamic to

produce the "saints, apostles, prophets, martyrs" and Jerusalem reaffirmations of the historic belief whom the Church has known in the past. In his of the Church. And on those convictions they rest recent Yale Lectures on Preaching, entitled "Jesus the missionary movement today. The fact is that Came Preaching," Dr. Buttrick sets forth a differ- the great body of our Christian people in many of ent view. He said: our denominations distrust some of the leadership of today, because they think it would shift the To the apostles, Jesus, by their experience of Him, missionary enterprise away from its foundations was alone. Phrase it as you will: f.or them Jesus had on the New Testament conception of the Gospel. His .own relationship with God-and He was as far Those missionary agencies and activities will best above a pantheon as the heaven is ab.ove the earth. He weather the present storms and move out into came tQ have absolute value f.or them. . . . The Gos- larger things which satisfy their constituencies pel is an eternal Gospel, from everlasting to everlasting that they are holding fast to the faith of the the overture of God to men in Jesus Christ, and like Him fathers and that fearlessly bring that faith to bear who inscribed it in the ink of His blood, "the same yester- on new problems, new tasks and with ever new day, today and forever." and living adaptation.

William Newton Clark set forth in his "Study For this position today there is ever abiding of Christian Missions" this New Testament con- and ever enlarging need and opportunity. The ception in its bearing on the duty of the Church Church wants the real Gospel preached. And it frankly to go out and to win the world to a faith is the real Gospel that the world needs. Idolatry in Christ different from men's faith in other re- is not mere symbolism. It is the worship of idols ligious teachers, because Christ is different and and needs to be in part destroyed and in part subalone and His religion is different and unique. limated by the knowledge of the God who is Spirit and Truth. Suffering and want are real- in But the question is raised whether this faith is China with its famine, in India with its poverty, any longer held by the Church at home. Dr. Den- and in Africa with its disease. Let anyone read ney intimates that it was waning and that with its Albert Schweitzer's "The Forest Hospital at Lamwane the missionary passion goes out. A recent barene" and he will have a first-hand authentic publication of the Foreign Missions Conference of picture of human misery. There has been too North America asks: much glossing over the facts of the world's abys- mal need of what, in history past and present, The Jerusalem Conference postulated the Message as does not come into human lives or human society f.ormulated by the Lausanne Conference. In what meas- apart from Christ and His influence. ure, if any, is the difficulty today connected with the postulates of misswns? Is the future of missions tied up The present-day issue is whether the Church will continue to hold the Gospel which can meet with: this need, the Gospel of God's redeeming love and a. The continued emphasis and re-emphasis of the long- salvation, and build its missionary enterprise upon accepted bases of motivation as found in the inher- it. There will be some earnest men and women ited standards of faith? or, who will not do so, who will believe that the time b. A discovery of the pre-suppositions actually implicit has come to supersede or reconstruct this Gospel in the present-day thinking of the constituencies at and the world mission built on it. But there will home, and the implication of these positions with also be earnest men and women and Christian respect to efforts to meet human need abroad? Are churches and missionary agencies that will seek we to try to build missionary motivation on the pre- to meet the issues of the new time in new ways, sumptive .or on the actual faith .of church people? but with the same Gospel with which Paul went off across the Roman Empire, and with which In other words, were the Lausanne and J erusa- Cary and Duff laid the foundations in India and lem Conferences wrong in adhering to the historic David Livingstone lifted the sombre fringes of the and New Testament view of Christ and the Gos- night in Africa-the old and ever new, the everpel; ought we now frankly to recognize that these lasting Gospel. old postulates are forsaken and try to build the missionary enterprise on whatever attitudes and opinions we find now current in the Church? Some are seeking to do this. There are others who do not believe that the song about the "faith of our fathers" is to be mere words. They hold as their own the convictions embodied in the Lausanne THE TECHNIQUE OF BEING A CHRISTIAN Dr. Stanley Jones tells of a lady who became a Christian and asked: "Now what are you going to do with me? What is the technique of being a Christian?"

Dr. Jones was not prepared to answer at once, but now he feels that he can reply to such a searching question. India has taught him that .one must "disentangle Christ from the accretiQns which the centuries had gathered arQund Him" so that faith may be "simplified and centered in a persQn." A second .outstanding lesson he learned is that the SermQn on the Mount "constitutes the technique of being a Christian," that it must be made the Christian's working philoSQphy .of life. The goal that it sets befQre man is "tQ be perfect or complete as the Father in heaven is perfect .or cQmplete." Ho"W the African Preacher Preaches 🙁 By Mrs. J. M. SPRINGER, Jadotville, Belgian Congo j:: .• Missionary 0/ the American Methodist Episcopal Church •.

A T the recent Kassai-Katanga Sectional Mis- audience as well, by shouting munyayi. It was I"l.. sionary Conference held in Elisabethville, inexplicable to me, but it was perfectly evident that it had a particular significance to the natives, the discussion regarding the emerging who became instantly all attention. Native Church had a large place. There was no disagreement among the thirtY delegates from the "I knew," continued Mr. Fisher, "that munyayi eight different societies represented as to the was the name of a certain fungus growth on trees, progress that was being made among the Africans but what it had to do with sin in this sermon, I toward a self-sustaining church, and plans to could not imagine." bring about the consummation of that desirable state were discussed with intense interest. Later, when he had the evangelist alone, Mr. Fisher learned the whole story and wondered that Among these missionaries, one alone belonged he had never thought of its application before. In to the second generation. Mr. Singleton Fisher of their folk lore the munyayi, after it attaches itself the Garanganze Brethren Mission is the son of to the tree for a long time and has got its nutri- Dr. Walter Fisher, who pioneered this country as tion from the tree, becomes rotten at the heart a contemporary of Frederick Arnot, who married and loses its power to cling to the tree. Then it Dr. Fisher's sister. Arnot's strenuous pioneering cries out to the tree, "'See, I am falling, falling; experiences took heavy toll from him and he died don't push me off!" The tree replies, "I am not years ago, but Mrs. Arnot is still in Africa and pushing you off; it is your rotten heart that is the was present in May, 1931, at the jubilee commem- cause of your falling." orating the setting out of Mr. Arnot for Africa in 1881. On another occasion Mr. Fisher heard a native preaching to the people about their need of God Having been born in Africa, learning to speak and calling on them to love Him for His own sake. a native language before he learned his mother's Any native will acquiesce most cheerfully to this tongue, Mr. Singleton Fisher was able to make a outwardly, while inwardly making the mental valuable contribution to the discussion from his reservation that that is just a white man's notion own experience. and not pertaining to the life of himself at all. So they listened with their accustomed politeness "It is my profound conviction," he said, "that till suddenly they were startled into genuine inthere will be a strong African Church in the fu- terest by the word Sansembo. ture and that we are on the eve of tremendous things." He went on to say that though he was The preacher did not recount the story of Sanborn in this country and had lived among the sembo, for there was no need. The word itself Africans so many years, he had of late been sur- was enough for them to see the application to the prised to find the native evangelists launching out text. on new and independent lines, reaching the people with illustrations totally outside of his own ken. Sansembo, so runs the legend, was a mighty hunter. But one day while he was living far, far "The native still needs far, far more training from the land of his father's people, a plague than he has ever had up to the present – in the swept over the country-possibly smallpox-and Bible, in church history and in many other things. swept away all of his family, so that he was left But given those, with the native background so alone. This being the case, he thought he would familiar to him, he is able to present the Gospel go back to the tribe from which he sprang and message as no missionary can possibly do. hunt up some of the relatives there. A native especially wants his own kin with whom to live. "For example: We were having a service one day out in the villages and one of our evangelists But Sansembo was shrewd of wit as well as was preaching on sin. The natives were not par- clever with the gun, so he decided to test these ticularly interested, for the sense of sin is notably relatives and see who was who and which ones lacking in the native consciousness. All at once were worth cultivating. He took a small boy along the young man startled the missionary, and his who spoke two languages, the one of the distant [140]

HOW THE AFRICAN PREACHER PREACHES

PROTESTANT MISSIONARIES OF EIGHT SOCIETIES, IN CONFERENCE AT THE WALLACE MEMORIAL CHURCH ELISABETHVILLE, BELGIAN CONGO tribe where he had been living and also of his The boy ran ahead of them and toldSansembo father's tribe. The lad was to conceal the fact what the people had said. When they came to that he understood the latter language. Sansembo and the meat and found the gun intact, When he reached the first village of his father's people, he was greeted and welcomed most effu- they turned on the lad and berated him soundly sively, for the news had spread that he was a for having broken their hearts over the account mighty hunter. They begged him to settle among them, but he made no promises. of Sansembo's death. They told Sansembo how greatly they rejoiced that he was still alive and One day he said that he wanted to go hunting, but he had lost his gun on his long journey, and how they were his devoted relatives and they asked to borrow one of theirs. He wanted the best gun in the village. With some slight hesitation wanted him to live with them always. they let him have it and he went off and bagged his game. But Sansembo gave them back the gun and On his return, instead of entering the village, told them to cut up the meat for themselves. It he stopped some distance out on the veld and sent the small boy to tell the villagers that Sansembo was evident that all they wanted of him was the had shot an eland and a roanbuck. They shouted meat that he could get for them. So saying, he with joy at the news. "But," added the boy, "the pursued his search for more desirable relatives, gun burst." At that news the people began to following the same plan, and with the same regrumble irritably. "And Sansembo himself is sults, until at last one village was found where, dead," the boy concluded. when the lad told the people the story, tliey wept and cried, "What do we care for the gun? We can "Served him quite right," they retorted angrily never eat that meat because of our sorrow at losto one another, "for breaking the best gun in the ing Sansembo. Show us where the body is and we village. We will go out and get the meat and have will go and bury him like a chief and weep for that much, but we wish he had never come here." him for a month as he so deserves."

They were" in genuine grief over his loss. So Sansembo knew that he had found real kinsfolk who loved him for his own sake.

SINGLETON FISHER OF THE GARANGANZE MISSION, Then he went to Saveye, an evangelist-teacher, CENTR:AL AFRICA who called in some of the Christians and they prayed with him till he found forgiveness and The preacher proceeded to press the matter cleansing from sin. Ever since, Ndakala has been home on the people as to whether they had really an ardent witness for Christ and a very efficient ever loved God for His own sake, or were merely soul-winner. trying to get all the benefits they could from Him and wanted nothing more. Such an illustration Then there was Lucy. She had been converted was obvious to the dullest old heathen in the as a child in the Methodist Mission. According to village. Incidentally, it is also an illustration that custom, her parents had married her to a trader would not come amiss in some of our most exclu- when she was still scarcely more than a child. sive churches in America. The trader had once been a Christian, but had so backslidden that he hated the very name of Christ An illustration something like this pierced the and everything pertaining to religion. sodden brain of Ndakala, who was an addict of hemp-smoking till he had seemingly lost all moral Lucy and her husband travelled around from and human sense. He came upon a native who village to village, selling their wares. Lucy rarely had a New Testament, and as it was read to him saw a Christian and was much less able to attend he became strongly convicted of sin. He had church. Finally they drifted onto the railroad heard the missionary preach what was probably construction, where there was plenty of money in a much better sermon many times, but he had circulation, and Lucy's husband settled down for merely thought, "Oh, that is just the white man's a time. religion; it has nothing to do with me," Here Lucy found a woman by the name of Fo- After some days of agony over his sins, he toma, who used to call all the women together to sought out a devoted Christian and began to tell have meetings. As Lucy heard her speak, the him what a wicked man he had been. The native dying embers of her soul were quickened into a Christian went on calmly working at his job as a blaze of love for her Saviour. She had learned to carpenter and after awhile remarked laconically, read and write at the mission and now Fotoma "It is not your sins that is the matter with you, told her that the first thing she must do was to but sin." buy aNew Testament. When the native colporter came around, she bought a hymn book and a Tes- Ndakala went away more stricken than ever, tament, and as she read the Gospels her heart and for two weeks wept and prayed without any became so overcharged with joy that she had to relief. find an outlet and began to testify to those whom she met. This made her husband so furious that he gave up his flourishing trade and took Lucy far away from "that ranting crowd."

However, Lucy kept right on testifying and tell- ing about Jesus in the heathen villages where they were. Many reviled and jeered at her, but she was not dismayed. She worked hard every day in her garden, just like the other women, but she began to work early and finished early and then went forth evangelizing. Finally she ran across two young men who had also been at a mission and had backslidden after they returned to their vil- lages. As they heard Lucy they, too, were smitten and turned again to Christ. A large stream of converts has followed.

What the African Preacher Needs Mr. Fisher concludes his interesting story: "We must give the natives the best we have, especially of the Bible. We missionaries need to be saturated with the Bible.

"But we must not only give them a thorough introduction to the Bible, especially of the stories and facts, but we must teach them the facts of Christian history, notably the accounts of the martyrs and of devoted followers of Christ. They

need as much as we can give them of general A faint touch of white clay shows that it has knowledge, of elementary science, etc. It is not so come from a certain stream and is headed toward much that we should teach them all that is in the some feeding grounds on ahead. Further he reads Bible as that we must train them to get out of it that it is a female and that she has five little ones for themselves the nourishment it contains. with her, but the male was not with her. All this he gathers from a broken leaf or twig which first "You can trust the native to make deductions. caught his eye. He is well trained in that process. He is called on to draw his deductions from the slightest factors "The native pastor needs to be so inducted to that are wholly beyond the range of the white Bible study that he can draw his own illustrations man. first hand. He needs a good background of church history and he needs to learn many, many things DEMAS CHAMA. AN AFRICAN PREACHER. AND HIS FAMILY from the missionary by example as well as by word of mouth. It is the emerging native pastor "For example: A man is walking along the who must and will eventually lead his own people trail and sees a broken leaf on a shrub. To us it and head up the emerging Native Church." is only a broken leaf. To him there is the deduction that a wild pig has recently passed this way. There is, however, still a very pressing need and ample scope for all the missionaries now on the field and for many more in order that we may do this necessary training of evangelists for the great demand that is being made for them. The Christian Church is not keeping pace with the increasing population. There are actually more heathen in Central Africa today than there were fifty years ago when Arnot and Swan entered the country, in spite of the fact that then there was not a single native who had even heard the Gospel and now there are thousands of native Christians. The native pastor must truly increase, but he can not go forward unless he have the missionary be- hind him to prepare him for the work of getting his own deductions out of the Bible. The Word of God must first be put into his language by the missionary and then taught and the historical background given him.

God speed the day when the Church at home will realize this tremendous need for more mis- sionaries.

LORD IRWIN ON MISSIONS It is a common thing to hear the work of Christian missions disparaged. Generally the work of disparagement is done by those who have no knowledge of the facts, who probably never read a book on missionary work, never contributed a cent to the support of missions nor breathed a prayer for the extension of Christ's Kingdom throughout the world. It is those who are most vitally in contact with the work of missionaries who are the greatest supporters of them. They see the work of the Lord in heathen hearts, they see His arm bare in saving and redeeming power, they see lives changed, redeemed and sanctified, and souls saved for time and eternity. These facts are apparent to everyone who cares to take the trouble to investigate. It is the stay-at-home arm-chair critic who shuts his eyes blindly to the blessed results of the Gospel preaching around the world who "does not believe in missions."

Recently Lord Irwin, former Viceroy of India, addressed a gathering in London and paid a striking tribute to the work of the missionary in that great land. He said among other things– "While I was Viceroy I was able to see a good deal of their work, and appreciate not only its moral and social results, but the spirit in which it was conducted. Among outcasts and lepers, among criminal tribes, or aboriginal dwellers in jungle tracts, in crowded cities and remote places in the hills, I have seen men and women slaving devotedly to translate the message of Christ into the practical language of Him who went about doing good. In spite of the tragedy of disunity within the Christian ranks, they are doing work of quite incalculable value to India, and their most powerful sermons are in their' lives."

Evangelical Christian.

Christians and the Je-ws

..q! I By MAX I. REICH, Morrisville, Pa. J: ..

~~~~~~~~~==~~==~==~~~ C HRISTIANITY is a divinely instituted mis- Church is the daughter to the synagogue. Has she sionary religion. The Church of Christ be- always been a respectful daughter? The Church's lieves that she has been entrusted with a approach to the Jew must necessarily be different wonderful message to all peoples. To make an from her approach to the nations of the heathen exception of any particular nation is to be untrue world. For "salvation is of the Jews," and if sal- to her calling and to harm her deepest life. vation has come to the Gentiles, it is "to provoke Yet voices are heard today saying that the them to jealousy." So far Gentiles, professing Christian Church ought to make such an excep- that salvation, have failed to make the Jews tion with regard to the Jewish people. "jealous." They have given them the impression Time was when the attitude of the so-called that Christianity is a gentilish fabrication instead Christian world towards the Jews living within of the fulfilment of the deepest quest in the Jew- her borders was that of unfriendliness. Grave ish heart.

wrongs were committed against that people, The religion of Christ is not intended to be the wrongs that were sanctioned and even encouraged destruction of Judaism, but its glorious fulfilment by those claiming to represent the Christian and transfiguration. It should not detach Jewish Church. Is it to be wondered at that, as a result, believers in the Messiah, foretold in their own the Gospel message was prejudiced in Jewish Scriptures, from their people, but rather it should eyes? We may even say that during the dark make them Israelites indeed.

centuries, when the so-called Christian world It is far better to be a good Jew than a poor penned up the Jews in filthy ghettos, there was Christian. We have, perhaps, been too anxious to more real piety and purity of life inside the ghet- "convert" the Jew. Rather awaken the God- tos than outside. consciousness in his soul, so that he will seek to But should the Christian Church of today de- rediscover the secret of the prophets, the psalm- cide to withhold from the Jewish people the mes- ists, the saints, the seers and mystics of his won- sage of salvation in the Messiah, who is the true derful past. That will put him in the way that "Glory of Israel"? Even though Israel does not leads straight to the greatest self-revelation of the yet see that glory, Christians would commit a God of Israel-the Messiah.

greater wrong against the ancient People of God Many of the modern missionary methods, which than when the Church systematically persecuted our Jewish brethren so deeply resent, may hinder and oppressed them. rather than help forward the attainment of this What are the facts? The mass of the Jewish goal. Perhaps we may have to change our meth- people today are religiously adrift. Hundreds of ods. But should we also change the original char- thousands of them are either altogether irrelig- ter of our commission, to testify to both Jews and ious or are seeking to slake their spiritual thirst Greeks, repentance towards God and faith to- by turning to strange shrines and drinking of wards our Lord Jesus Christ?

alien streams. The synagogue no longer meets Let us rather hasten the day when it will be their need. Judaism is felt to be a misfit in our possible to have a Jewish-Christian community, modern world. inside the environment of Jewry, and in loving Is the Christian Church to be blamed or to be touch with everything Jewish, and recognizing all commended if she says to these Jews not only, the "good" there is in the synagogue, but a com- "Come and join our quest for God and truth," but, munity that is able to demonstrate by transfigured "Come and share our discovery"? lives the "better" things that are found only by There is another side to the question. The union with the living Christ.

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Recent Changes In

By the REV. RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER, D. D.

New York ):-.

Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church T REMENDOUS changes have taken place in long been teaching that human welfare is an es- the social, industrial, rural and educational sential part of the program of Jesus. life of the Mexican people. There are evi- Protestant churches have gained in leadership dences on every side of the practical working out and are growing in self-support. Most of the work of attempts to reconstruct Mexican life and to lay of the Church is now in the hands of Mexicans.

the foundations of a new, unified, progressive They lay emphasis on personal loyalty to Jesus state. Christ as Saviour and Lord, an evidence of sal- One cannot understand the deep significance of vation in personal living, and a deep interest in what is going on in Mexico without sOII1:e knowl- all social problems.

edge of her history and the social, rural and in- The increased emphasis on education by the dustrial heritage which nearly four hundred years government, so manifest throughout the Repub- of foreign influence-ecclesiastical, political and lic, will sooner or later make it necessary for the commercial- have left upon Mexico. evangelicals to define the purpose of the Church.

The revolution in Mexico has been essentially Schools in Mexico have the same problem which an effort to give the twelve or more millions of is appearing throughout the world. In both teach- peons or serfs the essentials of life. This means ing method and in character building, the church that they must have access to the soil and must schools have something very much better than be trained in responsible farming. Labor must no those controlled by the government.

longer be exploited. The people must be educated One cannot speak too highly of the Protestant and the health of every community must be safe- educational institutions. It is amazing what is guarded. being accomplished with such a small financial This revolution has involved the complete di- investment. Most of their income is from student vorcing of the Church from all political movements fees, but all of these schools must soon have some and civil institutions. These religious regulations endowment if their equipment and teaching staff were first being enforced five years ago. Those are to be kept in high order.

regulations forced a changed status upon all cleri- Out of these schools are coming not only the lay cal missionaries, the separation of all schools from and ministerial leaders of the evangelical churches Church control, the elimination of religious teach- but also many of the intelligent and sympatheti- ing from elementary schools, the confiscation of cally minded group of influential people in the Church property, and the registration of this social and educational and political life of Mexico property with the state, and the giving up of all who do not ally themselves with the Protestant civil rights by Church ministers. Naturally, those churches.

days brought much confusion, uncertainty, and New opportunities are arising in modern Mex- many difficult problems. ico which are a distinct challenge to the evangeli- The Evangelical Christian Movement has be- cal forces. Outstanding among these is a new come well adjusted to the new conditions. The approach to the young, educated Mexicans-the decision of the evangelical leaders quietly to ad- products of government schools, the rural and just themselves to the law, including all the regu- state normal schools for teachers, and the national lations regarding property, schools, registration, university. This group is increasing by thousands etc., contrasted with the attitude of the Roman each year. Many have long since lost interest in Catholic hierarchy and the so-called strike of .the the Roman Catholic Church in Mexico, and the Catholic clergy. The Evangelical Movement now coming generation of young Mexicans, educated, has an acknowledged place in the life of Mexico influential and modern in every respect, are likely and evangelicals have an increasing influence, as to grow up without any religious education what- is evidenced in the strength, initiative and sense ever. Some wili be antagonistic to all religion, for of responsibility shown by evangelical leaders, the influence from Russia and elsewhere has al- both ministers and laymen. The evangelicals have ready penetrated Mexico and is common talk in [145]

educated circles. This need can be met only by a Methodists, Presbyterians and Congregationalists, sympathetic approach outside the ordinary evan- but now there are other denominations repregelical church circles. sented. Anyone from the States may join this American church by bringing a letter of recom- Another opportunity of almost equal importance mendation without disturbing his active memberis the provision of good Christian literature for ship at home. children, boys and girls, young people, and educated adults. This' will vary in type, but the Still another cooperative Protestant organizachances now for this service will never again ap- tion is the Young Men's Christian Association, pear to quite the same degree. There is also the which was started thirty years ago and has beopportunity of creating a really indigenous cur- come a very large and influential Christian force riculum for religious instruction of children and in Mexico City and throughout the Republic. The youth. Two kinds of literature are needed: one association has over 4,000 paid members and has for the Christian nurture of the evangelical com- had a large influence in shaping Mexico's new recmunity and the other for the increasing thousands reational development. It has had a considerable who are able to read, but for whom little is to be influence upon the lives of present-day Mexican found in the Spanish language. Much that is leaders who have been members of the association. obtainable now is positively vicious, lustful and poisonous. The Committee on Cooperation in Latin Amer- ica, under the able secretaryship of Dr. Samuel Dr. Elisha A. King writes that today there are Guy Inman, is composed of representatives of the at least seventeen Protestant organizations at American Protestant groups serving in Mexico, work in Mexico. The American Baptist Home Central and South America. It has done much to Missionary Society entered in 1861. The Ameri- foster a better understanding and a more Chriscan Friends Board of Foreign Missions and the tian cooperation between the two continents, and Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of the has promoted evangelization, Christian education, Protestant Episcopal Church began operations in and the production of Christian literature for 1870. The Presbyterian (U. S. A.), the Methodist these lands. It has also helped place the longings Episcopal (South) and the American Board (Con- and needs of the people of these southern repubgregational) entered in 1872. The Presbyterian lics upon the hearts and minds of North American Church South entered in 1874. The American friends. Bible Society began its activities in 1878 and the International Committee of the Y. M. C. A. started It is difficult to secure accurate statistics as to its work in 1902. The Southern Baptist Society how many Protestants there are in Mexico today. did not enter until 1880. The Christian (Disciples) The number is about 50,000, of whom 18,000 are Woman's Board of Missions began work in 1895. Presbyterians, 15,000 Methodists and 700 Congre- Other denominations, such as the Seventh-Day gationalists. The balance is divided amongnumer- Adventists, the Nazarenes, and the Church of ous other denominations. Very likely there are God, also carryon missionary work. 50,000 actual church members and a very large constituency of interested people. At first the missionaries carried on their activities anywhere they pleased, but a time came when The methods of work used are evangelistic it was felt that there ought to be some better way preaching, church services, Sunday schools, day of evangelizing the country. Consequently a con- schools, industrial schools, higher educational inference of denominational leaders was held in stitutions, social settlement work, hospitals and Cincinnati in 1914 and it was agreed to divide dispensaries, and, of course, the diversified activi- Mexico among the Congregationalists, Presbyte- ties of the Y. M. C. A. and the Y. W. C. A. G. Baez rians, Methodist Episcopal (South) and Methodist Comargo, Secretary of the Mexican National Episcopal (North) and the Disciples and Friends. Christian Council, an outstanding religious leader The other denominations decided to continue to go of Latin America, has done wonderful service for .their own way and locate where they pleased. The Protestant Christianity in Mexico, especially in the plan has worked well so far as the denominations field of religious education. He has the support of accepting it have been concerned. all the Protestant bodies at work in Mexico.

One of the most interesting Protestant develop- Rev. Victoriano D. Baez, in "The Genius of ments is the Union Theological Seminary, organ- Mexico," says truly: "Protestantism in Mexico is ized in Mexico City in 1917, with Dr. John How- not fighting to impose its creeds on Catholicism land, a Congregational minister, as its first presi- or any other branch of religion, but is trying to dent. enter into cooperation with all the living forces in the country – social, philanthropic, cultural and Another interesting development of this co- religious – for the moral elevation, social betteroperative plan is the Union Evangelical Church ment and complete redemption of the Mexican in Mexico City. It was originally made up of people."

Progress In Puerto

..:J! By JARVIS S. MORRIS, San German, Puerto Rico J!:..

I N the matter of evangelism the Presbytery of They strive toward an evangelical code of morals, Puerto Rico is the most active presbytery for but feel that they cannot give themselves over to its size in the whole General Assembly. While the churches because of social, political or comthe whole Church won one member on confession mercial considerations. Large numbers of the of faith for every 20.4 members, the Puerto Rican men are Masons, despite the opposition of the Church added one for every 7.6 members. Only Roman Church. Probably less than five per cent four presbyteries made a better average than this: of the people who call themselves Catholics regu- North Arizona, Jonesboro (Ark.), Rendall (Cana- larly attend the confessional or the mass. Only dian Synod), and Birmingham (Tenn.). All of when the images of Christ, the Virgin, and the these are very small, the largest having 730 mem- saints are being carried through the streets at bel's, whereas the Island Presbytery has' 3,266. Christmas and Easter do the people attend the worship in any large numbers. Twenty-five presbyteries in the Church have between 3,000 and 4,000 church members, and If a Puerto Rican leader, with a personality reamong these the average number of new members sembling that of Gandhi or Kagawa, should arise received on confession was one in every 21.2. The to lead a movement of evangelical thought, couched record of the Island Presbytery is almost three in the aesthetic forms so dear to the Latin imagitimes as large; it actually received 428 on con- nation, he would no doubt find a large following fession. and could build a church on liberal lines some- thing like the Old Catholic Church. Would it be Admitting that the Kingdom of God cometh not called the Evangelical Catholic Church? with the counting of heads, we find cause for thanksgiving in the evangelistic leadership of this To this unchurched group the evangelical insular presbytery which is only a short genera- churches could appeal effectively if they would tion old. The rapid growth may be attributed to unite in one United Evangelical Church of Puerto a number of causes: Rico. Last year three of the nine denominations- the United Brethren, the Congregationalists, and 1. The ministry is distinctly Puerto Rican. the Christians-united to form a church by that There is only one continental American serving a name and invited the others to unite with them. church in the whole presbytery – the English- Thus far, however, the union is made up of only speaking church of the Polytechnic Institute at the three denominations. The Presbyterians have San German. There are only four American not accepted because they fear a lowering of the members of the presbytery. The chairman of the educational standards of the ministers, a decrease mission is a Puerto Rican, the Rev. Angel Archilla in ministerial salaries, and the loss of their fely Cabrera, D. D. A people can best be won to lowship with the church in the north. The Pres- Christ through its own leaders. byterians number as many as the three denomi- nations combined in the union. To enter the union 2. The presbytery is made up almost entirely of would mean sacrifice at a number of points, but young men. Nine-tenths of the churches are served the gains of presenting a united front to the by pastors under forty years 'Of age, and many people would far outweigh such a loss. pastors are under thirty. Whatever their other faults, young men are enthusiastic and active. Evangelical churches could further strengthen their effectiveness by placing more emphasis on 3. In spite of its ancient Roman Catholic tra- worship-form and ritual, pageantry and those dition and heritage, Puerto Rico is not Romanist beautiful forms in which God's truth glows. It is by conviction, but only by habit and sentiment. difficult to build a great Latin Evangelical Church Many of the people are beginning to think inde- upon the plain Anglo-Saxon lines. The religion of pendently and to search for a larger way of life. an artistic people must contain more aesthetic and Some who reject Roman Catholicism as a means emotional elements than that of a practical, workof salvation go into the evangelical churches. a-day people. Few of the Protestant Church edi- fices compare in beauty with those of the Roman Many educated and refined people are no longer tied to the old religious customs and yet have not found spiritual homes in the evangelical churches.

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Church. The evangelicals have been careful not to talk to her boy and lead him into the Church, but cause offense by having pictures, statues or other when the pastor asked if she wanted him to try to forms of adornment in the churches. They have persuade her daughter also, she replied: "Oh, no! certainly offended none, but they may have failed My girl must remain a Catholic." They fear that to inspire many. the girls cannot marry men of the better families if they become Cultistas. Even this distinction SAN GERMAN-THE OLDEST CHURCH IN THE WESTERN between the social requirements upon the different HEMISPHERE. BUILT IN 1530 sexes, however, is becoming less noticeable.

From the days of the "conquistadores" there At the beginning of the work the churches sufhave been in Puerto Rico the owning class and fered from the lack of trained leadership. The the laboring class. Even the rapid progress of first pastors were poorly trained, but now two democracy has not destroyed the line of demarka- growing institutions insure intellectual and spirtion, as it has scarcely done even in the United itual training-the Polytechnic Institute and the States. As the common people heard Jesus gladly, Union Theological Seminary at Rio Piedras, both it was the common people who heard gladly the interdenominational. The former offers a liberal first evangelical missionaries. The so-called upper arts course of four years with a distinct Christian classes, the old families, have held back, since the tone, granting the A. B. degree. An organized first cause of this holding back on the part of the student Presbyterian Church has in its memberwealthier and more socially elite was that the ship about sixty-five per cent of the student body. common people were there first. The officers of Bible and Christian education courses provide for the churches were shoemakers, share-croppers, a major, and twelve term hours are required of and the like. The aristocrats would have had to each student to receive the degree. Daily morning sit in the pews beside their servants, perhaps, for prayers, weekly Y. M. and Y. W. C. A. meetings, the young Church demanded democracy and would and Sunday school and church provide religious not provide two types of seats as the Catholic instruction, inspiration, and opportunity of exchurches did. So social barriers kept them out of pression. The Polytechnic Institute has graduated the churches. five classes of college-trained young men and women, who are taking their places of moral There is another reason: The common people leadership in their respective fields. heard the emotional without the aesthetic appeal, but the upper classes wanted the intellectual and MARQUIS SCIENCE HALL. POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE. aesthetic as well. SAN GERMAN Today the social barriers to the Gospel are The Evangelical Seminary offers a three-year breaking down slowly but steadily. Every year theological course. An increasing number of minsees an increasing number of the educational and isterial candidates are taking a full college course many political leaders of the island embracing either in the University of Puerto Rico or in the Protestantism. Polytechnic Institute before they take the theo- logical course. The struggle between the Gospel and social customs has brought forth a number of interesting The future of evangelicalism in Puerto Rico is developments. The women have accepted far more hopeful because of the growing spirit of unity, readily than the men, because of the moral stand- the vigor of the churches and ministers, and the ards upheld by the evangelicals. The old double developing equipment to train capable leadership. standard obtains to a marked degree in Puerto The Church will rise as her leaders encourage and Rico. Whereas these standards keep many work- lead her upward. ing men out of the Church, when their wives and daughters enter, the social customs keep the women and girls of the higher class out of the Church, whereas the men of the same group accept more readily. A mother urged a pastor to

Dynamic of Home Missions*

..:( By the REV. JOHN McDOWELL, D. D., New York J!: ..

President of the Home Missions Council and Secretary of the Board of National Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U.S.A.

I F WE define opportunity in terms of needs we have turned aside from the paths of joy, for and problems, the Christian Church in Amer- everywhere discontented, weary faces tell the tale. ica never had such an opportunity as it has Selfishness has born its unfailing harvest of grief today. Never were the needs of the home mission and wrong and injustice. One phase of evil suc- fields so great and the problems of administration ceeds another, or an outer evil changes to an so vital to the nation, to the inner, until it seems an endless, world, and to the Kingdom of hopeless task to reform our- God, as in this critical hour. This is an age when men selves or our nation or our w 0 r s hip power-political, The Master is saying again to world. His representatives: "Say not financial, mechanical, elec- This is a conclusion to which ye four months, and then trical power. They are tired cometh harvest." This is the of theories or methods that we are being gradually, slowly, word of agriculture, of indus- do not produce results. The unwillingly driven. If ever the try, of commerce, of govern- missionary cause is sometimes universe conspired to press any ment today, but it is not the criticised today for lack of truth upon the mind of man, it power to change conditions- is conspiring at this moment word of religion if by religion whatever may h a v e been to convince him that he is not we mean Christianity and by achieved in the past. sufficient unto himself, that he Christianity we mean Christ. Dr. McDowell, the Presi- was not meant to live and work dent of the Home Missions This is His word to us today: Council, delivered, at the re- apart from God; that human "Behold, I say unto you, lift up cent conference in Toronto, nature is so constituted as to be your eyes and look on the fields, an address that struck fire. dependent upon the transcendfor they are white already unto It gave the secret of power- ent God. harvest." the "Dynamic of Home Mis- It is well that these facts are The present is not only an sions"-and it is the same slowly finding their way into hour to look out, it is an hour the con sci 0 usn e s s of the that transforms churches and to look up; not only an hour to individuals. It is worth read- Church, the nation and the look up, but an hour to look ing. world. Practically, if not theo- within, within ourselves, our retically, we have repudiated churches and our Home Mis- our dependence upon God. As a sion organization, to discover not only our needs, result, our spiritual disaster has already come. We but our supreme need-the one thing without have banished joy, peace and order from our midst.

which we cannot fulfil our mission or realize our Despite increasing knowledge and more perfect purpose, namely, an adequate dynamic for our machinery, greater skill and larger expenditure work. in religious ministry, more thought and culture If ever Christianity in terms of home missions in the Church, nothing avails to put inward life had its chance, it is now. The present national and movement into the Christianity of today.

and international conditions are demonstrating Everywhere there is tentativeness and hesitation, conclusively that human resources at their best a want of initiative, of heartiness, and adventure.

are unequal to the demands of this tragiG and be- Pathetic withdrawals, retrenchments, and timid wildering hour. We see more clearly than ever compromises mark the track of missionary effort that with all our getting and planning, our doing and Christian service. The strong, positive, sus- and striving, we are never really happy, even in taining, inspiring, sacrificial, courageous note is the palmy days of prosperity. It is evident that lacking. The· power to produce a s·pontaneous and effective spiritual impulse does not seem to be at ;2~~~~~eg.a:!J~~Ja!~~:14~e~~rl. of the Home Missions Council available in this very challenging and critical time.

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Let us hope and pray that by our woes and Acts," that certain things did not make the Aposdisillusionments we are being made ready to re- tolic Church. turn to God; that we are beginning to desire that He should come and take the reins out of our Numbers did not make it; its membership was weak hands; that the time will come, and come never large. soon, when "the government shall be upon His shoulders." Society, pierced with a thousand Organization did not make it; it had little or wrongs, sees in this its cure. no organization.

At this great crisis in the moral and spiritual Equipment did not make it; the Apostolic history of our race, let us make no mistakes as to Church was not noted for its buildings and facilwhat we need. It certainly is not more science, ities. more knowledge, more machinery, more money, but a new spiritual power that this torn world of Wealth did not make it; its membership was ours-weary with efforts and struggles, with from the poor. methods and mechanics, with figures and facts, with pronouncements and programs-insistently Prestige did not make it; in all probability one and persistently demands. All religious organi- would have had great difficulty in locating the zations must face the fact that there is nothing Apostolic Church in anyone of the cities or this distracted and distressed world needs more, centers at that time. and would more heartily welcome today, than an influx of spiritual power. The supreme need of What, then, did make the Apostolic Church? the hour is spiritual power. Other needs, great as they are, sink into insignificance beside this 3. The Apostolic Church was made by the Aposurgent, vital and imperative need. tolic ministry.

In the consciousness of the unparalleled oppor- It is obvious from the record that the Apostles tunity offered to the home missionary enterprise were men captured by the reality of Christ's today, and the need of an adequate dynamic to claims, the beauty of His life, the adequacy of His meet this unparalleled opportunity, I soaked my- teaching, the value of His death, the power of His self last summer in the Book of "The Acts," the resurrection, and the supremacy of His Spirit. "Life of Dwight L. Moody," and the last Annual It is utterly impossible to explain the power and Report of the Home Missions Council. I wanted progress of the Apostolic Church apart from the to discover, first, the supreme need of the home Apostolic ministry. Here, again, the book of "The mission enterprise, and, second, an adequate Acts" makes it clear that certain things did not dynamic to meet this need. Out of this experience make the Apostolic ministry. the following convictions registered themselves relative to the dynamic of all missionary service. Learning did not make it; outside of the Apostle Paul, none of the Apostles were learned men. What Made the Apostolic Age Unique Official position did not make it; none of them held official positions in either the Church or State.

Money did not make it; they had no budget; they were numbered among the poor.

Influence did not make it; Peter and John did not have enough influence to keep out of prison.

What, then, did make the Apostolic ministry?

1. The Apostolic Age is the greatest age in the 4. The Apostolic ministry was made by cooperhistory of the Christian Church. ation with the Holy Spirit in making Jesus Christ a living reality to all men. Measured by whatsoever standards you please, the Apostolic Age stands unique in its task, its The Holy Spirit to the Apostolic ministry was difficulties, its achievements, and its influence. It more than a religious phrase or a theological term. was this age that gave us the Christian Church, When God promised the Holy Spirit to man, it the New Testament, the Christian Lord's Day, was the deepest, holiest reality of His being that and made Christendom possible. Apart from the He meant-not only His thought, His words, His Apostolic Age it is impossible to understand benefits, but the very ground of them. What He Christian civilization. What made the Apostolic has given to humanity in the Holy Spirit is His Age? heart and life and power. _ 2. The Apo,stolic Age was made by the Apos- Cooperation with the Holy Spirit made Christ tolic Church. a definite, personal experience in the life and work According to the Book of "The Acts," the Apos- of the Apostolic ministry. It made fellowship tolic Church was a converting, transforming, in- with Christ a transforming power. It also made spiring, conquering Church. It changed not only the Gospel of Christ "the power of God unto sal- individuals, but communities and ultimately na- vation to everyone who believeth"; it made the tions. It is clear, also from the book of "The . Great Commission of Christ an inescapable obli-

THE DYNAMIC OF HOME MISSIONS

gation, and self-sacrifice for Christ a privilege and and cultured; the moral life and intellectual a joy. Apart from cooperation with the Holy capacity of her membership are keyed to a higher Spirit, it is impossible to explain or understand pitch than ever before; her preaching is the best the life, work and power of the Apostolic ministry. the world has ever heard from an intellectual standpoint; her services are beautiful and at- Power for the Present Day tractive; her organization is well nigh perfect; 5. The only adequate dynamic for home mis- her equipment surpasses that of any other age; sions in our day is a spiritual dynamic that will but what of results? Are they not pitifully make Jesus Christ a living reality in the life of all meagre by comparison with the outlay? Are not men, regardless of creed, color or condition. many of our churches living on from year to year without any additions on confession of faith in Experience has shown conclusively that the Christ, and without any perceptible influence on scientific mind, the philosophic mind, the economic the communities in which they are located? mind, and the social mind, without the glow of spiritual truth and spiritual power, cannot save In lands like ours we rightly expect the Chrisman or regenerate the nation. Our age has more tian Church to be the all-potent influence concomforts, but it lacks satisfaction; it has more trolling in every department of life, shaping ease, but it lacks peace; it has more science, but ~olitics, guiding industry, molding society, swayit secretly hungers for Christ. mg commerce, commanding the loyal services of all intelligent persons and banishing all unchris- Organized Christianity has been shaken to its tian forces. But it is not so. Why? Because, foundations. The ordinary course of practical w~th all her equipment of wealth and machinery, experimental religion has been arrested and has wIth all her purity and culture, with all her separated into innumerable shallow streams that prestige and persistence, there is not sufficient meander aimlessly and feebly over wide tracks of spiritual power in the Church to make this efhuman life, but without power to fertilize and fective. Of what avail is the most perfect organirenew them. zation, the most complete equipment, the most ac- Experience has shown that it is not enough to curate knowledge, the most attractive service if there be no dynamic within to make them efbe occupied with the machinery of the home missionary enterprise, with the multiplication and improvement of home missionary organizations fectual? and institutions. These are not primarily the "In this world of shallow believers and weary means by which the new heart and a new state of workers," says Phillips Brooks, "how we need the society will come into being. They are rather the Holy Spirit. We may go on our way, ignoring instruments that will be used when it has come- all the time the very forces we need to help us the home in which it will dwell, the temple in do our work. These forces still may help us. which it will worship, the body in which it will The Holy Spirit may help us, will surely help us serve. Such agencies have a great function, but· as far as He can, even if we do not know His that function is not the creation of life itself. If name or ever call upon Him. But there is so much we ask them to create the living impulse, we are more He might do for us if we would only open imposing upon them a task of which they are in- our hearts and ask Him to come into them." capable. We shall be disappointed-finding again, We need, as representatives of the home missionas we have found in the past and are finding now, ary enterprise, to hold our faith in the Holy Spirit as the dynamic of our work, not as a form of that with every outward appliance and equipment in missionary service there is but little stir or words bu t as aeflfiovritnsgapnodwmera,kiinnsgpiursinignsoturrumlievnets~ movement; that while perfect organizations vitalizing our abound, the life that should fill and use them lags in the hands of God for the conversion and saving of souls. far behind.

We are more and more convinced that we can- What Is Required of Us not go on living as we have done in the past. If the future of North America is to be Christian, It is evident that the primary problem confront- we must recover the spiritual impulse that has ing home missions today is in the realm of been lost. Nay, it is not enough to recover it, we dynamics, rather than in the realm of mechanics.

must have a far mightier spiritual power in this The need of the hour is not more knowledge, but day of complex needs, multiplied problems, and more action; not more campaigns, but more con- challenging conditions than we have ever had in secration; not more statistics, but more spiritual- the past. ity; not more councils, but more cooperation with We have everything else. Never was the the Holy Spirit. What, then, does cooperation church so well equipped as today. She is wealthy with the Holy Spirit demand of us today in home

missions? Let us make it clear that it demands the thought of our lands, to proclaim that there at least the following things: is not a thought in philosophy, not an ideal in 1. Consecrated pers.onality. History shows ethics, not a principle in sociology, not a program that God has always worked through persons, per- in practical reform worth considering that is not sons who are possessed by His purpose, fired with implicit and explicit in Christianity. The most His principles, and filled with His spirit. Con- urgent appeal of our day to representatives of secrated personality in home missions is the only Christ is to bring every thought-social, political, thing that makes the goodness of God visible, the economic, intellectual, national and international forgiveness of God genuine, the sympathy of God -into captivity to Jesus Christ. A program of natural, and the love of God irresistible. The exclusively external betterment is often declared Spirit of God today is seeking for men and women to be synonymous with or a sufficient substitute in whom Christianity is more than a set of correct for essential Christianity. Such a claim is a conviews, more than a system of philosophy, to whom tradiction to the truth that "man shall not live by it is a way of life, of discipline, of service, and bread alone."

an utter self-committal to a career of unceasing If home missions is to bring every thought into service and unlimited sacrifice. Every problem captivity to Jesus Christ, home mission repre- confronting the nation today is waiting, in the sentatives must know the mind of Christ regard- last analysis, for consecrated personality. This ing the social problems of our day, such as the call has been nowhere more pointedly stated than problems of wealth, poverty, industry, unemploy- in the following excerpt from a letter recently ment, and insecurity of economic position in in- addressed to the members of the Clergy Club of dustry. These problems combine to create a New York by the Rev. Charles H. Parkhurst on strong demand for a social as well as an individual the occasion of the unveiling of his picture by the expression of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, and this club: demand creates an obligation from which no in- I feel that this is an unusual occasion. I understand dividual or institution bearing the name of Jesus that you plan, first, to unveil me, and then to hang me. Christ can consistently escape. The hour is lt hardly seems right for me not to be around at such an calling, and calling loudly, for Christians who are intimate ceremony. The least I can do is to appear by not afraid to reason or ashamed to believe. The proxy, so I send you this affectionate greeting. ultimate foundation of every nation is a way of thinking. As a nation thinketh in its heart, so Seriously, there are not enough unveilings or enough hangings in New York City. The whole world knows that our politicians have degraded the word "corruption," but is it. we need chapter, verse and telephone numbers to prove it. There are charges aplenty, but not enough of the kind The home missionary enterprise cannot estab- that go in cannon. Our moral powder only makes a pretty lish the Kingdom of God in North America on bon-fire, unless we ram it down a pointed nozzle before hearsay, or convert the world by those who can igniting it. When shall our corrupt city put on incorrup- only tell what other people are thinking. It detion? When all of you, my dear friends, decide with your mands apostles, not reporters; men of convictions, whole soul that it shall do so. 'not echoes; original witnesses, not men who can sift and state the judgment of others; heroes by The personal touch is at the beginning of every the compulsions of the soul, not straws floating on new departure in individual and national life. the stream of current opinion. The home mis- Consecrated personality is the crowning wonder sionary enterprise can do nothing with mere of this wonderful universe. Men make history; traditionalists. It demands men who do their own men make home missions. It is personal char- thinking, toil through to their own conclusions, acter that counts. Nothing is so potent as soul and go to their work with the impact of a perforce in the establishment of the Kingdom of God. sonal conviction and the conquering energy of a The new man and the new nation are bought with personal character. A man's religion is not worth price-aye, with the price of consecrated person- much until it is more than an echo. It may begin ality. There is no substitute for consecrated with that. It often does so begin, but it must personality in home mission service and civic not stop there. It must not simply be held by service.

2. Creative thinking. Let it not be forgotten him; it must hold him, master him, sway him in that the home mission enterprise is primarily one all that he is and does in the city and in the state, of missionary thought. It is a philosophy before in the home and in the Church. Religion in the it is an activity. We cannot expect to have our home missionary enterprise is not a set of opin- nations based on Christian principles so long as ions, it is a life; not the recitation of a creed, but our social philosophy is made by anti-Christian the repeating of the work of Jesus; not the func- philosophers and materialistic socialists. The tion of a fingerpost, but a person becoming for times are appealing to home missions to capture others the "way" and "truth" and "life". We

must capture the thought of North America if menta The home mISSIOn enterprise, therefore, North America is to be genuinely christianized. should be satisfied with nothing less than a saved 3. Commanding obiectives. Reconciliation of soul in a saved body, living in a saved community. the individual soul with God through the work and Only as we make the nations of North America influence of the Holy Spirit is the foundation upon spiritually strong can they serve the world. which any effective christianization of the nation or the world must be built. Home missionary 4. Cooperative spirit. It has become obvious work is always the immediate duty of the Chris- that there must be something more than cultivated tian Church. The evil that lies at the heart of and saintly individuals in the home mission enterthe nation and the world is a moral evil, and it prise, valuable as they are, if the work of chriswill only be driven out by a moral conqueror. The tianizing the nations of North America is to be Gospel of Christ meets this evil with the prayer: successfully carried forward. Men must join "Create in me, 0 God, a clean heart, and renew a hands to inspire one another, and also to create right spirit within me." This does not imply that the volume of power needed to sweep obstacles Christianity is indifferent to right conditions, but from the path of progress and to conquer the that we have learned from experience that right enemies of truth and right. The emancipation of conditions are impossible without the clean heart the individual is a great gain, but the best part of and the right spirit. Regeneration, therefore, of his emancipation comes when he begins to work the individual is the basis of all moral. progress in common with and for others. Cooperation represents not simply addition, but multiplication.

and enlightenment, the necessary first step toward Team work always tells, a:nd especially in misevery good, whether personal or public, social or sionary work. Marching together, the distance is shorter; singing together, the cheer is louder; political, commercial or religious. standing together, the temptations are more The Christian Church has no right to abate one easily resisted; lifting together, the burden is jot of zeal or faith or effort in home missionary gladly borne; praying together, the victory is work so long as there remains in all the land one surely won. Cooperation both· multiplies and unchristian community, in the community one un- hallows the energies of men and organizations. christian household, in the household one unsaved soul; The hour has come in Protestant Christianity when we must heal our divisions, combine our re- The Good News for Society sources, and unite our forces if the Protestant Church is to bring the Kingdom of God into the The Christianity of the New Testament aims at life of North America. Competition may be the not only a perfect man, but a perfect society-the life of trade, but it is the death of morals and the Kingdom of God. While the Gospel of Christ ad- disgrace of religion. We must have a coopera- dresses itself to the conscience and affection of tion today not only in terms of spirit, but in terms the individual, it must not be forgotten that it of actual operation which will eliminate over- addresses him as a member of a social organism. lapping and overlooking, not only in mission fields, "God and one man," says Dr. Charles H. Park- but in all fields of work. The needs and claims hurst, "could make any other religion, but it re- of North America should lead the denominations quires God and two men to make Christianity." now to submerge all ecclesiastical animosities, and The entrance of the second man into Christianity non-essential demands. The time and strength makes necessary the social Gospel, and this fact spent in controversies are needed today for ag- was undoubtedly in the mind of Jesus Christ gressive and constructive work in the interest of throughout all His life and ministry. In the sum- the Kingdom. The time has come when we must mary of the law, Jesus combined the personal and end the waste of spiritual energy and consecrated social objectives of His Gospel. "Love the Lord, money.

thy God, and love thy neighbor." Obedience to Cooperation in missionary work multiplies the the first command saves the individual, and noth- power of each in the service of all, and therefore ing else can save him; obedience to the second should be welcomed by all churches bearing the saves society, and nothing else can save society. name of Jesus Christ. Bigotry, dogmatism and Such facts as these make it evident that Christ sectarianism cannot feed the soul of the nation.

intended His Gospel to be not only a way of life Nothing but conference, cooperation and combina- for the sinner, but a law of life for society. The tion will meet the needs of the nations now.

ministry of home missions must be to the whole Whatever may be our views about organic man, body, mind and soul; it must look to the unity, there certainly should be no difference betterment of his environment and make secure among those who believe in Christ about the need his opportunities for self realization and improve- and the wisdom of cooperation in every effort to

make men like Christ, earth like Heaven, and the fear of pressing the Gospel of Christ upon the kingdoms of this world the Kingdom of Christ. people, fear that has sealed our lips when every- thing around us is whispering of God, of the The gigantic iniquities of modern society are Cross, of redemption through sacrifice; when thoroughly organized and directed by able leaders. human hearts are softened and ears bent to listen To accomplish its purpose, the home missions and only our enlightening and confirming word enterprise, therefore, must excel all other organi- is needed to interpret and apply the great truths zations in the value of its objectives and the of Christianity to the souls of men and the life of wisdom and power of its representatives. No nations. Christian body should stand apart from any other followers of Christ today on account of differences Let us see to it that the hesitancy and halfof belief respecting non-essentials. No mere heartedness of our religious appeal is succeeded speculative dogma should separate our Christian now by a strong and positive call on all men to denominations from one another in the battle for seek God. Let us go forth throughout the land on righteousness. It is more necessary to help the an embassy of peace, saying to all sorts and consoul that sins and suffers than to assert our ditions of men: "Be ye reconciled to God" for peculiar notions about metaphysical subjects. "now is the accepted time," "now is the day of The various religious bodies in our nations ought salvation." We need not fear rebuff or indifferto appreciate one another more than at present, ence as the right spiritual note is struck in this and cooperate toward commol'l ends more than hour-that note which is in harmony with the they do. God's army today is marching in too elemental spiritual need of man and of society. many disconnected divisions and under too many There will be a ready response, men will flock petty flags. Denominations need not disband, but into the Kingdom, and a religious revival will they must work together if the Spirit of God is to break out that will go through the length and have an instrument through which North Amer- breadth of the land. The most urgent need of our ica is to be saved. Love for the Incarnate Christ day is not for service but for spirituality. A soul ought to be a sufficient passport for every soldier filled with the spirit of God will certainly bow of Christ. That, alone, ought to make him wel- down and lift the lowly. But a generation that come in every camp and at every altar. discounts the spirit of God and ceases to love Jesus Christ will not long serve humanity. What The Need of the Present Situation makes Christianity a triumphant religion is not the law of love, but its love of Christ. The heart This present situation constitutes a great of Christianity-what gives it creative power, trumpet call that is bidding all who care about the what sends out missionaries, what saves sinners, issues of the present world-wide crisis to rally to what builds churches, what produces character, the standard of Christ; bidding them renew their and enriches civilization-is not so much a prehope, enthusiasm and power at the one great cept as a personality, and that the personality of source, and then go forth and throw themselves Jesus Christ. The supreme thing in Christianity heart and soul into the spiritual service of their is not Christ's teachings, however superior, but country; recognizing that it is a national service the spirit of His life; not interest in an ethical of the highest order and calls for self-sacrifice and code, but loving, sacrificial discipleship; not a devotion that is on a par with the greatest demand system of doctrine about Christ, but a profound that any other branch of the Kingdom service can devotion to Him as the giver of eternal life. the make on men. only Saviour of the world.

It is the news of a transcendent God that our The home mission enterprise, in the last analyage supremely needs, the Gospel of a God who can sis, must depend not upon its pretentions, but and does break through into human affairs in a upon its performances; not upon its attitude, but supernatural way, bringing order, peace, power upon its activities; not upon its sacramental and abiding gladness into human life. This is holiness, but upon its spiritual helpfulness. Its preeminently a time for taking bold, strong, appeal will be effective in proportion to its ravigorous steps, for initiating positive action in the tionality, humanity and spirituality, and its augreat work of publishing the Christian evangel, thority will be recognized in proportion to its for seeing how to surround it with every circum- vision, inspiration, conviction, power and love. If stance of c(2)mpelling, constraining, and convicting we capture the present for Christ, the future of power. It is high time to overcome the nervous North America will be safe.

Progress In Home Missions?

..:( By REV. WILLIAM R. KING, D. D., New York ):..

Extracts from the Annual Report of the Executive Secretary of the Home Missions Council T HE North American Home Missions Con- Conferences should be followed up. The first Con- gress, which met at the close of 1930, was tinuation Conference scheduled for 1932 was most significant. Its power and influence held in Indianapolis, Ind., in connectiem with the is being proved and its findings are accepted as Ministers' Convocation and five other conferenees the best word on home missions. were set up for February in strategic centers in The follow-up of that Congress is most gratify- Ohio. It is our hope to hold twenty or thirty of ing. The Missionary Education Movement is them throughout the United States.

majoring this year on "The Challenge of Change," Several cooperative projects are under way, in- by Dr. John M. Moore, written cluding the Cooperative and Re- with the deliberate purpose of ligious Center at Boulder City, promoting the findings and Has the day for home mis. the new town which is to be the message of the Congress. It is sions passed? .What is being home of the people employed on being studied in thousands of done for the twenty million that great Hoover Dam in churches throughout the coun- foreign born in the United Southern California. Repre- try. In a Teachers' Manual on States? Are we overlooking sentatives of six denominations the Data Books and Findings or conducting rival missions met and set up a tentative or- Books of the Congress, Dr. for the Indians, the Negroes, ganization of the Hoover Dam Casselman of the Reformed the Spanish-speaking people, Interdenominational Religious Church in the U. S. Board has lEtuhumerobMpeeromarmnesno,,ntsth,heethmOeirgmireainnnteatrlwss oaarnnkdd- Council to present a program of made an exhaustive study of worship, religious education and this material and has arranged ers and dwellers in mountains social service. Later the South· it in shape for use in mission and in city slums? Dr. King ern California Superintendents'

study classes. tells the story of progress Council enthusiastically ap- A series of conferences and made by the united effort of proved the movement and other public meetings, looking to the mission boards cooperating in denominations expressed the enlistment of all the denomina- the Home Missions Council. desire to cooperate. As a re- tional groups in a great Home suIt of several conferences with Mission advance, is a joint government officials about this effort of the Home Missions Council, and the project, and visits to Hoover Dam, Las Vegas and Council of Women for Home Missions and the Los Angeles, the Cooperative Religious and Social Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in Center of Boulder City has been established and America to carry down to the local churches the is now well under way with the following denomi- message of the Congress, and the results of the nations cooperating: Presbyterian U. S. A., Meth- studies of the Five Year Program of Survey and odist Episcopal, Congregational, Baptist, Disciples, Adjustment. The first of this series was held in United Brethren, United Presbyterian. The Rev.

Cincinnati in November and was followed by the Thomas E. Stevenson, pastor of the Presbyterian Pacific Coast series in December to include Seat- Church of Burbank, California, has been elected tIe, Portland, San Francisco, Oakland, Berkeley, pastor and director and began his work October 1, Sacramento, Los Angeles and Denver. In the 1931. Meetings are being held at present in the nine conferences held during November and De- mess hall of the six companies and the Sunday cember there was a total attendance of approxi- School of 127 is meeting in two bungalows. A mately 3,000. We heard in every place such re- movement is under way to secure a building for marks as "this is the best conference we have the religious program and for a parsonage for the had for years," and "you are bringing us fresh director, "Parson Tom," as he is called. There are and interesting information and making us see 300 children of school age in the town. Mr. Ste- home missions in a new light." The unanimous venson has attempted a difficult task but great judgment of the team is that these Continuation service can be rendered. The attendance at his [155]

first evening service was about 100 and at the a liaison committee between the Councils and the second evening service was 127. If some churches Indian Department of the Government. could donate hymn or travel slides for the stereopticon, this would help in his work. A joint committee representing the Interna- tional Missionary Council, the Federal Council, An Every Community Survey of Maine was the Home Missions Council, the Council of Women made under the auspices of the Interdenomina- for Home Missions and the Missionary Education tional Commission of Maine and the Home Mis- Movement has been formed "to make a careful sions Council, and was considered by various con- and comprehensive study of the Jewish situation ferences. The Interdenominational Commission in America in its relation to the Christian has proposed a Five Year Program of Inter- Church." The chairman is Dr. John S. Conning. denominational Christian Service "directed par- Other committees rendering valuable service to ticularly toward the areas unreached by any of the cause of Home Missions, under the auspices the Protestant mission agencies and designed of the Council, relate to the city and New Amerito do that most needed work which our present cans, General Promotion, Alaska, Spanish-speakmissionary agencies cannot do both because their ing Work, and Negro Work. resources are insufficient and because the work must be done interdenominationally." An at- Under the auspices of the Committee on Comity tempt is being made to raise from individuals ap- and Five Year Program of 'Survey and Adjustproximately $45,000 a year in addition to $50,000 ment, surveys have been made in about a score a year expended by denominational boards, to be of states. In some cases the entire state has been distributed among sixteen counties in Maine. surveyed, in some of the larger states only cross- This would be an outstanding demonstration on a sections. 'Surveys are now under way in six states state-wide basis of cooperative home missions in and conferences are held following the completion rural communities. of each state. This Five Year Program is vitally connected with all the work of the Council and Cooperative work has been promoted also in is closely related to the work of all other comother centers. In a remote valley of the 'Southern mittees. Meuntains, bordering northeast Georgia and the Carolinas, there is a large farm school which is One of the most active and efficient committees closely tied up with three small churches. The is that on "Town and Country," made up of repsuperintendent of this school asked for assistance resentatives of constituent boards. One of the oldin bringing about cooperation in this community. est and the most important activity is the Summer As a result it would seem as if the three churches Schools for rural pastors and last year the Comwill be placed on a cooperative community basis. mittee sponsored nine full standard schools and two partial standard schools, besides seven full The second annual conference of the Ozark In- standard schools of practical methods for Negro terdenominational Committee, held at Hollister, pastors. At least two new schools will be added Mo., last July, dealt with the situation in the to the list in 1932-Corvallis, Oregon, and Davis, Ozarks and the possibility of a cooperative pro- California. This Committee also promotes Rural gram for the region. It was later suggested that Life Sunday, the fifth Sunday after Easter, which there should be community visitation by field has been observed for the past three years. Some supervisors and county seat rallies in the interest governors of states have issued proclamations of a better rural religious life. calling upon people to observe Rural Life Sunday and 10,000 leaflets on the subject were distributed The Home Missions Council has taken over the last year. work of the Department of Building Fund Campaigns of the Board of National Missions, Pres- The Federal Council in appointing members byterian Church, U. S. A., to form an Inter- to the Town and County Committee has recogdenominational Church Building Campaigns nized this as its channel of operation in this field Bureau. This did not involve any increase in and has added to the efficiency of the Committee. budget or office space since the Bureau retained its office in Philadelphia for the present. The past year has been a trying one for Home Mission Boards. The depression is telling upon The Joint Committee on Indian Work, under budgets and programs. Most of the boards, if the leadership of Miss Helen Brickman, has not all, have had to reduce expenditures, eliminate worked out a curriculum of religious education work and workers, and cut down appropriations for our Religious Work Directors in the Govern- all along the line. New advances have been imment Indian Schools, and has rendered valuable possible, yet the needs were never greater and service in administrative work. Another outstand- the opportunities never more inviting. These are ing accomplishment of the Committee has been days that are surely trying the souls of board adthe setting up of a service committee to serve as ministrators as well as the endurance of faithful

WHAT PROGRESS IN HOME MISSIONS?

missionaries in all parts of North America. May them on appeal after local efforts for adjustment it not be that our extremity will be God's opportunity. We believe that in some way the home have failed, we recommend: mission cause wj]] come out of this trying experience triumphantly. We may have to make re- First, that the Joint Committee on Comity and adjustments and work out economies and "endure burdens as good soldiers" but out of it all will the Five Year Program be constituted a Sub-Comcome greater and better home missions. mittee on Comity, to which shall be referred all Would it not be wise to begin now to plan definitely for another national congress to be held cases of comity presented to the Councils. at the close of our Five Year Program in January, 1934, to review the results of this five year study Seoond, that this Sub-Committee arrange for and to consider advance steps? By that time, it is hoped, we will be emerging from the depres- three stated meetings a year, other meetings to be sion and will have learned "through the things we have suffered," as well as through the surveys held as needed. and studies, what changes, if any, should be made and what advance steps should be taken. Third, that this Sub-Committee prepare and PROPOSALS FOR THE COMING YEAR distribute a form indicating the information Extracts from the Report of the Findings which should be furnished it concerning any case Committ6e at the Toronto Conference brought before it for consideration. . A Christian world depends mightily upon a Christian America. America lives not to itself, Fourth, that this Sub-Committee, in passing but for China, Japan, Africa, India and the uttermost parts of the earth. If Christendom has be- upon cases, take into account not only such gentrayed Christianity, then it becomes imperative to christianize Christendom. That is our united eral principles as have been adopted by these task. For their sakes we must sanctify ourselves. Councils, but such principles as may have been Sitting, as in a reviewing stand, as the forces for christianizing America pass before us and adopted by the state or city organizations within make their reports, what have we discovered? whose jurisdiction the particular cases originated. The Committee on Comity and the Five Year Program brings before us the following recom- It is understood that the decision rendered in any mendations: case is to be advisory only. 1. In view of the response to the Continuation Conferences, this plan with some modifications The Councils urge that City, State and Regional should be developed widely during the coming year and if possible, such conferences should be Councils, through Comity Committees of their held in practically all of the major cities of the country. own creation, be prepared to deal with comity 2. The success of the Interdenominational cases arising within their respective bounds and Conference held now for two years in the Ozarks leads us to believe that in other states in the more only bring to these national Councils those cases distinctively mission areas there should be interdenominational gatherings of from two to four which fail of local adjustment. days duration for the consideration of the common problems of missionary work. In most cases Strictly speaking, the Five Year Program was these conferences would not be held annually. initiated at the Comity Conference in January, 3. We recommend that constituent boards consider the advisability of bringing to the at- 1928, and will come to an end at the time of the tention of their highest judicatories the comity resolutions adopted during the past year by the next annual meeting in January, 1933. Although Presbyterian General Assembly and the Congregational-Christian National Council. In order that much has been accomplished, it is still in its these Councils may be prepared to deal with the increasing number of comity cases brought to formative stage. It might be well to extend this period to cover five years dating from the Home Missions Congress, that is, to the end of 1935.

Before the end of that period, say in January, 1934, we should hold a "check-up conference" to do specifically four things: a. To review the results of the Five Year Pro- gram to that date.

b. To use the Findings of the Home Missions Congress on the various fields of missionary effort as the basis of an intensive study of practical pro- grams for these various fields of work.

c. To consider the cooperative relationships of home missions with other agencies which have become so essentially a part of our modern pro- gram of church work, as the religious education and social welfare agencies.

d. To propose plans .for the future work of these Councils.

For many years our Town and Country Church Committee has been carrying on its researches and has given us a fund of invaluable informa- tion. We therefore would especially call attention of the several boards to the importance of a pro- gram of adjustment that will enable our rural

churches to cope with the rapid changes that are tion is developing qualities of leadership. Student upon them. It is a matter of supreme importance churches and student councils, expressing the rethat some way be found to provide the children ligious needs of the young people, are promoting and youth of our rural areas with a teaching Christian living. ministry. Toward this end we would suggest that cooperative parishes be established where the The coming year of Missionary study centers several denominations would share in such a around the work among the Indians and we urge ministry. This, together with the re-organization on our churches these studies in their future proof rural areas into stronger units of life, consti- grams. tute imperative demands upon the mission boards at this time. It is evident that the future of the Christian Church, not only in the pulpit but in the pew, rests There has been a growing consciousness of re- in the hands of the youth of today. We therefore sponsibility toward Spanish-speaking neighbors urge upon the Councils that our programs shall in the West Indies. We therefore commend to the give full recognition to the importance and the boards at work in Cuba a fresh study of how to problems of the religious life and training of our cooperate more closely and especially in the organ- youth. We suggest that a session be set aside at ization there of a Union Theological Seminary the next Annual Meeting for the consideration of such as now exists in Puerto Rico. We commend our young people in relation to the Church and its to the boards a further study of their responsi- missionary work. bility in Santo Domingo and that those already working in Puerto Rico may well consider We cannot close without adding our influence whether their responsibilities do not also extend to those who are attempting to create a warless to Santo Domingo. world. We believe that war is wholly wrong; we believe that war and Christ travel opposite ways We commend the union which has been per- and stand at opposite poles in any possible moral fected between the Christian, the Congregational universe. The Christian Church must be the and United Brethren Missions into the United chief agency for abolishing war for to the Church Evangelical Church in Puerto Rico and urge other is committed the Gospel of love and brotherhood, denominations as speedily as possible to shape of peace on earth and goodwill. We call upon all their policies toward uniting in this movement. the churches to take an unequivocal and an un- apologetic opposition to the spirit of militarism We welcome the changes made in the national wherever it exists. government administration of Indian affairs which seeks the highest welfare of the Indian, We urge upon our governments the necessity thus enabling him to achieve an abundant and of immediate cooperation with and full memberwell balanced life in terms of his own racial re- ship in the World Court and the League of Nasources. We appreciate the cooperation of the tions and that every power be used to influence Indian administration in the task of religious edu- all the signatory nations to faithfully carry out cation in Government Indian schools. The in- their obligations in the Peace Pact. creased responsibility assumed by the Indian stu- The Christian Church must lead in the abolition dent for planning and carrying courses of instruc- of war or prove itself inadequate to the needs of the world today and tomorrow.

CHURCH BUILDINGS AND BENEVOLENCES Many churches in the United States have incurred very heavy indebtedness in their building enterprises and have thus hampered their philanthropic, evangelistic and missionary activities. In the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., out of a turnover of sixty-odd million dollars a year, about fourteen mil- lion have been reported under building enterprises. The denominational budget for missions and other benevolences calls for twelve million dollars, on which only about ten million are paid, and, in the depres- sion, less than nine million. In four years this church has spent over fifty-two million dollars for build- ing operations. This represents an annual load per Presbyterian of $25.35, while the annual load for benevolences has been less than five dollars.

In the Methodist Episcopal Church over fourteen million dollars was spent in 1929-1930 for build- ings and improvements and over seven million dollars paid on past indebtedness. This means that over twenty-one million dollars was involved in the improvement of the equipment of the churches for one year. This very heavy burden may account for the situation of diminished support which is baffling the World Service Commission.. The Methodists are apparently giving more than they gave under the Cen- tenary drive, but out of the eighty-five million dollars their reports seem to indicate that only ten million, as against twenty million in 1921, go to benevolences of all kinds. Presbyterians have held their benevo- lence contributions static at about ten millions.

Among the Amazon

A Review of "'The Challenge of Amazon's Indians" by Mrs. Arthur F. 'Tylee* ":JI 1 By the REV. THOMAS C. MOFFETT, New York 1 1=" Secretary of the Commission on the Indians of Latin America I T HE Indians of the Amazon Valley in North- okceceansisoen~sebuotf are often talkative and jolly. They have a ern Brazil are illiterate, untamed and isolated humor and enjoy a good joke even when it from civilization. Missionary work among them is a task of great difficulty because of the is on themselves. Although at times, some of them try distance from civilization and the character of the people. "The long journey to reach them is not one's patience as might a spoiled child, yet many of them dreaded as much as the isolation after the journey's end has been reached," writes Mrs. Tylee, are most lovable. who has recently returned to the United States after some thrilling and harrowing experiences. The pioneer expeditionary party which explored the territory, seeking a suitable location for the Seldom is the loneliness relieved by the visit from an mission station, consisted of Rev. Leonard L. Legters, Field Representative of the Pioneer Misexplorer and never, in some places, by a cOI?mercial .trav- sion Agency and of the Indian Mission of Amer- ica; Rev. Alex. R. Hay, Superintendent of the Ineller. But such isolation means more than Just lonehness. land South America Missionary Union, and Arthur F. Tylee. Their trials in penetrating the It means that the missionary has to trust God to bless interior country are suggested by this record.

and use the simple remedies he can carry for hi.mself a~d "After crossing the Sepotuba River the road lay through a strip of very dense jungle and bamftoaomiliy~ for no physician is within a thousand mIles. ThIS, boo thicket and came out at the foot of a bluff. a land of fevers and tropical diseases, to say It took three weeks to go the first thirty-two miles and the last half of this was taken with the cart nothing of the painful and often serious results from unloaded. Part of the time it was bad roads that hindered, again swollen streams, or a thick g~owth insect bites. of bamboo, and part of the time the oxen SImply refused to pull." It was in such isolation and among these wild Of another experience Mr. Tylee wrote: "The and savage Indians that Arthur F. Tylee and his past week has been a nightmare; the constant struggle, strain and despair over the perversity of two-year-old daughter, Miss Mildred P. Kratz, a the oxen having taxed our patience and sapped our strength. Twenty miles in one week! Workmissionary nurse, and three Brazilians were at- ing day and night in rain and heat, and this after the month of trial in the woods below the plateau." tacked and killed at the mission at J uruena, Brazil, In the loneliness of their first labors on the field on November 3, 1930. The crime was committed the two men hoped for the time when the small mission force would be increased. "For the first by a small group of illiterate, wild Indians of the time in several months Mr. Tylee received word from his fiance, whom he had left in Paraguay. Nhambiquara tribe in the state of Matto Grosso. Now he learned to his joy that she was in Co- rumba. They had been fellow-students at Moody This story of missionary adventure, of heroic dedi- Bible Institute, Chicago, and had gone together to South America. The lady remained in Paraguay cation to a task of unbelievable hardships and while her fiance went on to Brazil to explore the new field. It had now been almost two years since privation, endurance and sacrifice is told by Mrs. he had seen her and five months since he had been able to receive her letters." Tylee simply but graphically in a book which Mr. Arthur "Tylee was a graduate of Amherst . presents a succession of surprises, the greatest of College. After serving in Europe during the war he returned to enter Harvard Law School, but which was unsuspected hostility of these few Indians, led by their chief. ..

This primitive tribe of Indians is descnbed WIth admiration by Mrs. Tylee even after the savage onslaught of the massacre in which a few of their number participated.

The Nhambiquaras are of average height. They are very slender. They have the coarse, straight, black hair, dark brown eyes, and dark bronze skin char~cteristic of the Indian' but their features are not those whIch are considered tyPical of the North American Indian. Many of them have facial characteristics not unlike their white brothers while a few have slant eyes and flat noses like the peopie of Asia. They can be silent and taciturn upon • Published by The Inland South America Missionary Union. 113 Fulton Street, New York. Price 75 cents postpaid.

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A NHAMBIQUARA INDIAN FAMI.LY AT HOME the ingredients could be properly cleaned and not allowed to ferment in the tropical heat." during his studies there he grew dissatisfied with the prospect of giving his life to self-appointed The missionaries left their difficult field for a pursuits and the acquiring of fame or money. He brief furlough at the end of four years, and on felt the challenge to devote his energies to the their return met fresh assaults. Only prevailing biggest and noblest service of which he was prayer enabled them to reach their station. When capable,' and his love of the Bible led him to enter Mr. Tylee and Miss Kratz were both down with Moody Bible Institute of Chicago. While a stu- fever they had been allowed to occupy a room in dent there, Rev. Alex. R. Hay, Superintendent of one of the buildings belonging to the telegraph the Inland South America Missionary Union, vis- line. It was bare of furniture, except for their ited the Institute and told of the need for mes- packing boxes and trunks. Here Mrs. Tylee cared sengers of Christ in South America. This led to for them while the native helper cooked the beans Mr. .Tylee's decision for Indian service and the and rice in the shade of a tent. When they refollowing spring he went to Brazil. sumed their journey they were met by three friendly Nhambiquaras, who brought fruit, man- Mildred Kratz studied at Cae College, Iowa, and dioc and sweet potatoes. Finally they reached the later took her Bible courses at Moody Institute mission about ten o'clock at night, almost three and her nurse's training at Augustana Hospital, months after leaving New York. Chicago. "'She was strong and healthy, with a happy disposition and a buoyancy of spirit which "The first months in her new home following made her always a pleasant companion. She was our furlough were hard on baby Marian," writes not the shallow type of person, incapable of shar- Mrs. Tylee. ing the sufferings of another, but, on the contrary, was deeply sympathetic." She was not well and the insect pests made her very uncomfortable. Satan had found a new weapon with The romance and pathos of the intimate expe- which he tried to drive the missionaries from his terririences narrated by Mrs. Tylee with a rare tory. They had suffered much themselves and were ready literary gift are best portrayed in the diary from to suffer more if need be, but to see their precious baby which she freely quotes. An entry of July 12th girl tortured was the severest test their faith could know. reads: "Without all staple foods." From that date But in this as in all other tests that had come to them, until the latter part of October they were depend- He proved Himself as the One "Who giveth more grace." ent upon their own efforts and God's special pro- But if she was to suffer for some of the conditions that vision for their needs. No day passed without could not be changed nor avoided, life for her was not their being able to obtain food for at least one without its compensations. She loved the wild life that meal. Not once did the little group of new native she saw everywhere about her-woods, flowers, birds and Brazilian converts waver and there was no spirit animals of all kinds. She was not timid and fear was of fault-finding. The men spent much of their time hunting and fishing and thus brought in food ARTHUR F. TYLEE AND JOAQUIN ANTUNES. A which was shared with the whole community. BRAZILIAN CONVERT Later oxen arrived and, for a time, supplied meat if nothing more. Several times Indians came to the station bringing grated mandioc from which a sort of bread or flat cake could be made. This, as the narrative states, "was not unpalatable if

A NNF. f:::F.F.f:::HOT.T7. F.vP('ntivp f:::p('rph~Tv

STUDENTS AND MISSIONARY INTEREST

unknown to her. She went for long walks in the woods As for God His way is perfect. The work in Juruena is with Mr. McDowell and Candido, and always came back His work; the missionaries His workers; is not His the with her hands and pockets full of flowers and bright right to say whether they should continue at their post berries she found along the path. She was very fond or be called to higher service? May the grassy mounds of animals and many were the pets the Indians brought beneath the Ajusta Conta trees at Maloquinha be our her, besides the dogs and chickens with which she played solemn pledge to God that we shall carry on the work daily. they so courageously began, until the last tribe of Indians hidden in the depths of Amazon's forests has heard the The work went forward and progress seemed to good news of peace and eternal life. be made in winning the friendship of the Indians. The missionaries ministered to the sick and un- The tragic scene of the eventful morning when dertook to teach them of God, whom they knew six of the mission group lost their lives, and the not as He is revealed through His Son Jesus savage Indians as suddenly departed into the Christ. Then one day an Indian was brought into wastes and jungles, is briefly depicted in words the station seriously ill. In spite of all their care- which the reader can never forget. When the ful nursing he died. The Indians seemed to take story is perused in the quiet of one's own solitude, this matter very much to heart and some showed then heroism and the sacrifice of martyrs for the their belief that the missionaries were respon- faith is luminous and convincing. sible. Is it any wonder that this absorbing narrative Three months after the death of the Indian was no sooner issued from the press last October some members of his tribe from a distance came than a new edition was required'? Dr. Kenneth to the station and without warning fell upon the Mackenzie, President of the Missionary Union, little band. They murdered Mr. Tylee, Miss Kratz writes in the introduction: and the baby and three Brazilian Indian friends. After seriously beating Mrs. Tylee and leaving The martyrdom of these missionaries gave to them her for dead, they departed. Upon regaining con- marked distinction. They were ready for sacrifice, if only sciousness, Mrs. Tylee had to grope half blinded, life laid down might be translated into the salvation of dragging herself to the telegraph station to spread the lost whom they saw and yearned over. So, as we the word of the calamity. Here she lay for days, recall the many hours of prayer and striving which have hovering between life and death. Finally she was engaged our thoughts and purpose as we have pleaded able to make her way to the coast and sail for for the myriads of souls in darkened and long-neglected home. Her faith and courage never failed. South America, we cheer our hearts with the assurance that the future of the Inland South America Missionary The closing paragraph of her narrative reads: Union will justify their sacrifice and our profound hope that just where they so bravely fell, there shall spring a glorious harvest of redeemed men and women.

Students and Missionary Interest ..:( By the REV. WILLIAM M. MILLER J!: ..

Meshed, Persia T AST autumn I had the privilege of visiting most of the state schools I was not surprised to L nearly forty colleges of various types in dif- learn that there were almost no students prepar- ing for the Christian ministry or for missionary ferent p.arts of the United States in the in- work. But what profoundly troubled me was the terests of the Student Volunteer Movement. These discovery that in many of the church colleges also included large state universities and large de- there is no missionary spirit. In several flourish- ing denominational colleges I was not able to find nominational colleges, medical schools and theo- one student who expected to be a missionary in a logical seminaries. I spoke in classrooms, in foreign land. Several theological seminaries were chapel services, in college churches, to special almost as barren as the colleges. Some of these groups and with individuals. While my stay in educational institutions have had a great missionmost colleges was too brief to give me an oppor- ary past and have sent many of their sons and tunity to understand thoroughly the religious sit- daughters to the foreign field. uation among students, yet I was able to learn certain facts which I have been asked to share What has happened to cause the streams of miswith the readers of the REVIEW. sionary interest to dry up '?

The thing which impressed me most deeply was There are exceptions. I was occasionally rethe lack of missionary interest among students. In

freshed to find groups of devoted and eager young paucity of missionary candidates today is due in volunteers. In one college seventeen students are large measure to the failure of parents and pas- intending to become missionaries, and forty or tors of ten years ago to put this passion into the fifty others attended the Student Volunteer meet- hearts of their children.

ings. This is a college where chapel and church The third and most fundamental cause of all is attendance are required, and where every student the lack of vital Christianity in our colleges and is obliged to work a number of hours each week in our churches. Interest in world affairs is not to help pay for his education. If a healthy mis- enough. The appeal for world brotherhood or sionary spirit is possible in some schools to- world service will not prove a strong enough mo- day, why is it not possible in every Christian tive to send many students to the ends of the school? earth. There must be a sense of the constraining A few students appear to be hostile to the whole love of Christ, the passion to save the lost, and idea of foreign missions. They have been told that joyous obedience to the Great Commission.

all religions are equally good, and that Christians Too often we have depended on human devices, have no right to "force" others to accept their be- and cheap ones at that, to stir up missionary in- liefs, so they are opposed to missions. But there terest. We have trusted in pictures and plays and are few of this sort. The great majority of stu- popular appeals. Prayer and the spirit of sacri- dents are not opposed to foreign missions but they fice are needed to touch the heart and move the are absolutely unconcerned about the whole busi- will. An intimate knowledge of Christ and deep ness. They listened attentively to descriptions of devotion to Him is the motive which will lead social and economic and political conditions in young people to go to distant lands to tell men of Asia, but the thought of spending their lives there Christ. Therefore, if we wish to get more and as Christian missionaries seemed as remote and better missionaries, the only way is to pray and impossible to most of them as that of visiting the labor for a revival of faith and love in our home moon. churches. The decline in gifts to missions and in What are the causes of this decline in mission- the number of volunteers for missions is an indi- ary interest among students? Three things seem cation of a serious decline in the spiritual power to be in large measure responsible for the present of our American Christianity. When the fires of situation. real devotion to Christ begin to burn at whfte heat First, there is the failure of pastors and college again in our churches, missionaries with flaming preachers and professors to press upon the young hearts will go out in increasing numbers to other people who come under their influence the needs lands, kindling new fires everywhere they go.

of other lands and the obligation that rests on us In a recent letter to me Bishop Linton of Persia all to help meet those needs. One college pastor states his conviction that the ordinary type confessed that he never preached a missionary of missionary deputation work in England has sermon, except when the time came around for yielded very poor results of late because of the the missionary collection. A professor said that lack of spiritual foundation on which to build. He he did not feel he could ask his students to con- plans on his next furlough to stay in each place sider missionary work when his board was recall- he visits a week or ten days. The first three- ing missionaries from the field. Unless young fourths of the visit will be used to preach Christ people are challenged to overcome the difficulties, and to urge people to accept Him as their personal whatever they be, and press forward with the Saviour and Lord. Then in the ·closing days he message of Christ into every part of the world, will present to those who have been really con- very few will offer for foreign service. If the call verted the claims of missionary service.

for volunteers is sounded clearly and persistently Such a plan, followed in missionary promotion by men of conviction and passion, I believe there work, would bring us into touch with fewer might be a great response on the part of students churches and colleges, but we would touch them to the missionary appeal. more deeply and probably accomplish much more The second cause is the failure of parents to in the end.

dedicate their little children to the cause of Christ Students and young people today are more ready and to give them in childhood an interest in the to listen to a simple, sincere and courageous Gos- people of other lands. It is a well-known fact that pel message than they have been for years. Let most of those who go as missionar.ies first became us challenge them now to full obedience to Christ interested long before they went to college. Un- and to service in His Kingdom, not only at home, less students already have such an interest on but also abroad. We need to attempt greater which one can build, a missionary speaker will not things for God and expect greater things from be able to make much impression on them. The God.

to Face "With Human Wrecks*

..:{ By the Rev. WALTER AMOS MORGAN l!= ..

Pastor of the First Congregational Church, Chicago, Illinois T HE bum is a human problem. What shall I to preach to a drunken bum? Is my Gospel we do with him? To ignore him is im- for the welI-to-do and the social elite, matured possible. To kill him is illegal, even if through sixteen years of experience in pulpits there are times when it seems as though society where a bum is only a passing phenomenon, suffi- would be better off if he were out of the way. To cient for such a need? Is my modern interpreta- reform society so the bum will be impossible and tion of Christ gripping enough to reclaim a soul a fact of social history is a far-reaching necessity. that knows the fires of helI?"

To reform the individual as he presents himself When I arrived, the meeting was in full swing.

in his rags and full of bootleg McQueen, the superintendent liquor is a present obligation. of the mission, was behind the upon the Christian forces in so- If you were called upon to battered pulpit. "Sing to the ciety. Often this obligation speak before a crowd of home- Glory of Christ, men," he presents itself with all its less, hungry bums, what would calIed out, just as I entered.

tragic and pressing immediacy. you say? Such a question con- And how those men sang! I Not long ago I faced a mis- fronted Walter Morgan at the am minister of the church that sion room full of down-and- Chicago United Mission, which rejoices in having the largest outs and found that the experi- is maintained jointly by the choir in Chicago, and they sing ence was like unto a conversion Congregational Union and the the masterpieces of sacred to my own soul. Where Hal- Presbytery of Chicago. His music with beauty and ardor.

sted Street crosses Madison, on solution of this soul-searching But there was a difference.

the near west side of Chicago, problem reveals the real mes- These men sang the old hymns is the haunt of homeless men. sage of Christ. of the blood and the Lamb with Sprinkled among them are a fervor that was contagious.

many of the former crooks who Soon I was led to the plat- have lost their standing with the gangs or their form. McQueen greeted me briefly and with former initiative for singlehanded thuggery. warmth. His great palm grasped my hand and Some have been upon the line between life and 1 felt the thrill of strength and the warmth of a starvation ever since they can remember. Others devoted heart. "We shall be ready for you in have known better days and have sought this about an hour. Sit here," was all he said. He jungle of reeking woe to hide themselves and to had more urgent business than that of spending mingle with others of their kind. time with me. "Sing, men; sing When tke An Oasis in a Moral Desert trumpet of the Lord shall sound." They sang, and I heard the trumpet, sounding the call to The Christian missions in this area are oases something unsung in my own soul.

in a moral desert. Here consecrated men and McQueen kept the meeting in his own hands, women seek, with the aid of Christ, to perform never for a moment permitting the men to forget the ancient miracle in mending broken lives and that they were to receive a blessing in newness making the crooked straight. To preach in such of life. If they only were willing, Christ was a mission is an experience that sears into the able to save. The testimonies were voices out of very soul and probes the depths of life. the deeps. A few were formal, cold and pro- When the invitation came to me to preach upon fessional. But most of them were exclamations a certain evening in the Chicago United Mission, of joy out of former despair. Something had 1 accepted it with joy, mingled with the sense of happened to the men who testified, and they knew humiliation that 1 had not sought the opportunity it. "I thank God that Christ saved me and that long before. During the days preceding this he keeps me" was the oft-repeated refrain of their particular evening, 1 asked myself, "What have new song. I faced these men, sitting in an old • Condensed from The Congregatio'YWlist. chair, unobserved and forgotten by everybody.

[163]

In the first place, I was terrified. My heart- in other lives. Selfishness in the breast of the beat was greatly accelerated and my courage was well-to-do frequently drives the wanderer back as greatly diminished. The sermon I had pre- again to his old companions. Society has a price pared seemed to be so inadequate and out of touch to pay for its lack of regard for the undernour- with the occasion. I gave it up and tried to recall ished and the poorly born. I sensed my guilt of another. For a few minutes my mind was in a neglect. My voice had been silent and my brain wild and panicky confusion. Sermons I could had been idle concerning this tide of human woe.

recall by the score, but not one came back with Could its source be found and the evil thing the joy of exclamation, "I am just what you need; changed at the beginning? Surely Jesus had take me." Soon I gave up in despair and said something to say concerning this problem that so to myself, "When the time comes, do your best. tragically affected so many of His brothers.

Perhaps the Lord will take pity and help you As I looked again at my dethroned king, and out." saw deep beneath the scraggly beard and pene- trated below the surface of his soul, I thought I Fallen Brother Men beheld the lineaments of the Son of Man. Here Then my heart went out to those men with a was my sermon. I would speak to the Christ great compassion. One was a young chap, who within that man. If my message could carry to sang as though he had gone to prayer meeting as where He was buried deep I knew that he would a boy with his mother, even ,as I had gone with respond, and life, like the dawning of a clear mine. Another was an old man with a face like morning after a stormy night, would come to the the sphinx. A third reminded me of a ne'er-do- king dethroned with new hope.

well I had known in Vermont. I glued my eyes The Tests of an Adequate Message upon the face of one whose head was as massive and as well shaped as the head of the old professor But was my modern Gospel adequate to the who patiently tried to teach me Hebrew. This need? I long had thought in social ways and, man had fallen from great heights. He might preached in modern terms. My liberalism had have been a king who through folly had been com- been almost a passion. True, I had prayed that I pelled to abdicate his throne and whose posses- might be spared the barrenness of a purely intel- sions had been confiscated, until he was forced to lectual appeal. In my own soul there was the joy beg his bread in a far and alien land. My heart of a divine fellowship and the warmth of personal went out to him. He had been the joy of some experience. But I had not developed the technique fond mother's heart. Some father had held him of making my own experiences live in the souls of in his arms with pride. Was he sitting on the men who knew nothing of the modern world with sacred hill of memory as he sang and as he looked its modern science and its new psychology. The up at McQueen? In him I saw the epitome of terms they used in their testimonies were not part broken humanity as it passed to and fro before of my working vocabulary, and my new interpre- the street door. In him I saw myself, had cir- tation of their age-old and vital experience and cumstances but shaped themselves in other ways. need was meaningless to them. My expressions to For one moment, at least, I caught a vision of win men to the old joy of salvation were colorless what Christ meant when He told His disciples that and impotent for the needs of the twenty-five all men were earthly children of a common Father. minutes that soon were to be mine to do my ut- My third emotion was that of rebellion. Were most for these my broken brothers.

these men the result of our civilization? Had they I was brought back to present and pressing been cast up from the wreck in order that others realities by McQueen announcing a hymn and say- might sail safely on? Were they human material, ing, "After we sing this hymn Dr. Morgan of the wasted and cast aw,ay, in order that our boasted New First Church will preach to us. Pray for progress might progress still further upon its re- him, men." The introduction stabbed me into a lentless way? Who was I that I might enjoy a full realization of my own insignificance and the beautiful home in the suburbs, with dollars in the supreme greatness of the task before me. Again bank and a place in society, while these men were I sought out the face of my new-found brother.

homeless, dollarless and with no place to lay their His eyes seemed to search mine, and behind them heads except what charity provided? Surely some- I read a sad and tragic story and found a small thing was wrong. I saw it tragically portrayed in but growing hope. Just before I arose to speak I human life before me and my heart rebelled. prayed: "Oh, God, help me to bring Thy Son to Where were the men, or women, who were to birth in this my new-found brother."

blame for many of these wrecks? The seed of What had I to offer in that high moment?

wickedness in the human heart often germinates Surely not my theology. That were a thing dead

F ACE TO FACE WITH HUMAN WRECKS

and helpless. They cared nothing about the Syn- Christ, living and struggling to live more fully in optic problem or the symbolism of the Apocalypse. all human souls. I saw Him stand again by Galilee What they needed, like their fathers before them, where Andrew heard Him call, and I saw Him look back to the dawn of man's first mistake in life's at me through the eyes of the bums who filled moral way, was help for the journey. This was to that barren mission room. be found, first of all, in the old and ever new fact of love. And for that hour, at least, love them I My cup of joy overflowed when I saw the former did. The Christ in them called to the Christ in me king kneeling in submission to another will at the and the response was a compassion I never had rail before the battered pulpit, and McQueen had known before. The dethroned king became a wan- his arm around him, talking with him as one dering brother of a common household and the brother talketh with another about the things Elder Brother had sent me to bring him home that are of supreme importance. again. So I rode back to my home in the lovely suburb, Then came the joy of a great discovery. My with the rain falling in torrents and the lightning Gospel was a living thing, not only for the well flashing in the streets. In my own heart there fed, but for these men who seldom knew the joy also was a mightier storm. Can our Gospel create of a full meal. Beneath my faith there was a a society that does not attain success at such a radiant center of life. Its passion was the love for frightful cost? How can Christ be brought to birth in our modern world?

How Ginling College Was Saved By the Rev. Clifford M. Drury, Moscow, Idaho Looting and destruction was the fate of many foreign buildings in Nanking when the Southern army drove out the Northerners in 1927. Ginling, the Christian college, escaped as by a miracle, and the members of the faculty were spared the dreadful experiences which fell to the lot of many of their fellow missionaries. The reason for this immunity may be traced to the good influence of a Bible class.

Thirteen years before, in 1914, Ray C. Roberts, a Y. M. C. A. secretary, began his work in Hunan Province, and following one of the Eddy evangelistic campaigns, a Bible class was started in Changsha. Among those enrolled was a Hunanese boy, Wu Ching Sing, who became a Christian and, two years later, was elected president of the Bible class. The young Chinese brought his sister to the missionaries, who placed her in one of the mission high schools. As a result she also accepted Christ.

When the Nationalist movement offered great promises of relief from many of China's ills, Wu went to Canton to cast in his lot with the Southerners. Miss Wu (Shou Ching) after her graduation from the high school entered Ginling College at Nanking and was a student there when the Southern army captured the city.

It is now well known that the soldiers, under Russian Communist influence, had received orders to loot, destroy and kill. After they had looted and burned many of the foreign houses a number of them appeared before the gates of Ginling College.

Since the soldiers were Hunanese, it was natural that Miss Wu should be sent to intercede for the College, since she could speak to the soldiers in their own dialect. While the soldiers were being served tea and cakes, Miss Wu was making frantic efforts to get into touch with her brother, an officer in the army which had just occupied the city. After a time he appeared and gave orders to the soldiers not to enter the compound. Instead of destroying the school, they were ordered to protect it.

Thus the foreigners and students and the buildings, worth at least a million dollars, were saved the fate which visited other parts of the foreign community. The College reopened a short time after the disturbance and continued its good work, the only mission school in Nanking able to do this for some months. The Changsha Bible class had borne fruit.

Friendship Books for

By HAZEL v. ORTON, New York ):- Secretary of Elementary Work, Missionary Education Movement N OT long ago a writer in a well-known simplicity and good taste which is characteristic magazine on race relationships made this of beautiful books. A high price is not always a statement: guar.antee of quality.

"When I was a baby my father had read me the There are a few mechanical points by which an story of Little Black Sambo, and I had concluded unskilled person can be guided in making wise that all black boys were silly and pathetically choices. Size of type, number and kind of illus- ugly." trations, relationship of illustrations to type page, How many well-meaning teachers and adults, binding, and the value of the book in developing because they were not sufficiently informed or the child's appreciation for the artistic and beau- have thought it unimportant, have exposed chil- tiful should be considered.

dren to harmful.attitudes toward children of other Perhaps the most essential point in the evalua- races through an unwise selection of a book. Much tion of the content of a book is judging whether care must be taken in the selection of books for it is within the range of ability and experience of children, especially when one is concerned with the child for whom it is chosen. Are the incidents the presentation of the Christian viewpoint of life. and the vocabulary within the understanding of Few local booksellers are competent guides to the child? From the standpoint of the world the selection of children's books. A short time friendship values to be gained, one must be care- ago, browsing in the children's book department ful that the content is free from ideas and sug- of a large store, I overheard a conversation be- gestions which may lead to undesirable attitudes.

tween a salesgirl and a physician interested in The following tests might be applied: children's books from the standpoint of health. 1. Are the facts about other racial and national groups The salesgirl was unable to grasp the situation true, or are they generalizations from which false deducand prattled much on the attractiveness and "cuteness" of a certain child's book printed in tions may be made? . small type and illustrated in lurid green. Half under his breath the physician remarked: "What 2. Are there statements or illustrations which hold any racial or national group up to ridicule, or portray them as stupid and incompetent?

3. Are there statements that ridicule and minimize the books! No wonder we doctors are always treating importance of great world issues, such as disarmament children for eye difficulties." and world peace, economic justice, racial equality, prohi- bition, etc. ? Almost any person with a degree of intelligence and knowledge of children can learn to discrimi- 4. Is the book sentimental and lacking in reality, or are the needs and accomplishments of other racial and na- nate between desirable and undesirable books. Two tional groups so presented that the reader will come to major questions should be kept in mind. understand and respect them, rather than develop pity and superiority? First, is it attractive and suitable in its mechanical make-up for the child? 5. Are there statements that foster bigoted intolerance, either racial, national or creedal? Second, is the content of the book inherently 6. Are there statements involving criminal offense by Christian? Are Christian attitudes, sympathies reason of which children might generalize and come to and conduct fundamental to the book, and are identify a certain racial or national group with smuggling, they treated as a natural and normal expression banditry, or lawlessness, for example? of life? 7. Is the book inherently Christian? This does not neces- Books which appeal to children must be at- sarily mean that it should talk about religion, but that it tractive to the eye as well as to the mind. Con- should picture a type of thought and conduct which is tent does not stand alone, for the way it is housed Christian.

8. Is the book well written from a literary standpoint?

between the covers is also quite fundamental. It is encouraging to know that there are on the Books by means of which we hope our· children market many children's books relating to world will develop Christian conduct must compare fa- friendship which fulfil these qualifications. Chil- vorably with the other books which they read and dren enjoy them and they are contributing factors love. Some of the less expensive books combine in the development of Christian conduct.

[166J Books for Children The Nursery Series. FriendShip Press. Uncle Sam's Family. By Dorothy F. 50 cents per volume. A series of McConnell. Council of Women for FIRST THROUGH THIRD GRADE missionary books similar in style to Home Missions, and Missionary Ed- the Peter Rabbit books; an endeavor ucation Movement. $1. Real live The Farmer in the Dell. By Berta to lay the foundation of that sym- boys and girls make up Uncle Sam's and Elmer Hader. Macmillan. $2.50. pathy which is the forerunner of a family. The stories in this volume An excellent picture book with brief true spirit of Christian world broth- are delightful, and grown people description of farm life and activi- erhood. Their titles are: Ah Fu: A seem to like them as well as chil- ties in northeastern United States. Chinese River Boy; Kembo: A Little dren. Girl of Africa; The Three Camels: The Singing Farmer. By James S. A Story of India; Esa: A Little Boy Under Many Flags. By Katharine Tippet. World Book Co. 68 cents. of Nazareth; Mitsu: A Little Girl Scherer Cronk and Elsie Singmas- A book of poetry about farm life for of Japan; and Babo: A South Seas ter. Missionary Education Move- boys and girls. Boy. ment. 65 cents. The many-sided enterprise of foreign missions will I Live in a City. By James S. Tippet. FROM FOURTH THROUGH SIXTH GRADE be made very real to boys and girls Harper. 75 cents. A book of poems through the stories of these men which helps city boys and girls to My Indian Boyhood. By Chief Stand- and women who serve one great understand better those who help to ing Bear. Houghton Mifflin. $1.75. purpose by doing well their widely make city life comfortable. This story written by a Sioux chief, different tasks. carries this dedication which is self- The Wishing Owl. By Idella Purnen. explanatory: "I write this book with Stories of Brotherhood. Missionary Macmillan. $2.25. A Mayan story the hope that the hearts of the white Education Movement. 75 cents. book. A collection of some of the boys and girls who read these pages The Adventures of Mr. Friend. children's favorite stories as they will be made kinder toward little Friendship Press. $1. Two books have been told for generations in Indian boys and girls." by Harold B. Hunting for older Yucatan. juniors. Each is a series of good North America. By Lucy Sprague stories of men and women whose Little Kin Chan. By Berthae Con- Mitchell. Macmillan. $3.50. A new lives have been spent in service to verse. Friendship Press. $1. The kind of geography which will live others. In the first book they work delightful story of a Japanese child, for boys and girls. In the words in both home and foreign lands, and Kin Chan, and her dog, "The Crab.' of the author the purpose of the in the second book in country com- They have many adventures and book is: "Trying to get children munities throughout America. much fun, in the course of which the to observe and to think in terms of missionary lady plays a prominent geographic relationships." Periodicals part. Cease Firing. By Winifred Hulbert. The number of denomination- The World in a Barn. By Gertrude Macmillan. $1.50. A very excellent al magazines and story papers Chandler Warner. Friendship Press. book for boys and girls dealing with published in America is legion. $1.25. A group of nine friendly chil- the subject of peace in an interest- Because there are so many, it dren, some of them American and ing and stimulating fashion. has seemed wise not to list them, some from other countries, also a but to make a few suggestions highly inventive uncle who has trav- Waterless Mountain. By Laura Adams in the light of which such publi- eled everywhere and knows how to Armer. Longmans, Green. $3. A cations may be evaluated. start things, make this book a real most charming story of the experi- adventure in world friendship. ences of a Navajo Indian boy. Beau- 1. Is the primary aim of this tifully written and illustrated. This periodical to educate children in The World on a Farm. By Gertrude book will do much to deepen the Christian world friendship or to Chandler Warner. Friendship Press. appreciation of the cultural values raise money? $1. A runaway pig and a swimming of Navajo life. race, ~ogether with delightful ex- 2. Is the material selected and periences in world friendship, com- Jumping Beans. (Story book edition.) written within the range of in- plete the adventures of the Friendly By Robert N. McLean. Friendship terest of the age group for which Farmers at Pleasant Valley Farm. Press. $1. This Mexican family it is intended? moved about so much that they said Children of the Chief. By Mary En- they were just like jumping beans. 3. Does it have literary value? twistle. Friendship Press. Paper, Could the stories and articles 40 cents. A book of delightful Porto Rican Neighbors. By Charles stand on their own merit7 stories about a family of African W. St. John. Friendship Press. $1. children. A collection of stories about the 4. How does it compare with children of Porto Rico. the other magazines which the Chinese Children of Woodcutters' child is reading? Lane. By Priscilla Holton. Friend- Open Windows. By Mary Entwistle. ship Press. The adventures of two Central Committee on the United 5. Is it a periodical for which Chinese children. Study of Foreign Missions. 75 cents. the children have respect? If you would like to know about Windows into Alaska. (Children's farm children in India, China, It is with real regret that one edition.) By Gertrude Chandler Africa, and many other places, just is compelled to say that there is Warner. Friendship Press. 75 cents. read these stories. now no splendid interdenomina- The story of Bobby and Virginia tional magazine in the United whose father is a missionary teacher Habeeb. By Mary Entwistle. An Eng- States for boys and girls on in Alaska. lish publication available through world friendship. Friendship Press. 80 cents. This Friends of Ours. By Elizabeth Col- is the story of a boy of Palestine. son. Friendship Press. $1. A charm- ing book for primary children, show- ing their dependence on the people of home and foreign lands.

Play In Latin

I. A Regular Heretic and the follow and learned their plans man, had caught the colporteurs Church Bell for the following day. It was with guile, and discovered their The missionary had arrived at good to see the interest such a plans. He wanted to merit the Santa Ana and invited people to man took in Bible work. praise of the priest the next time the evening service. At night Next morning, the well they drank wine together so he he was preaching to a crowd, dressed general mounted a had warned the people of some of whom were inside the spirited horse, and galloped Cumani not to buy Bibles. But big dark room, but most of away. About mid-day the two as Cumani is a liberal town, and whom were on the street. The colporteurs arrived at the town they had heard the priest concurious, the antagonistic, the in- of Cumani, hours later than the demn the Bible, he only stimuterested, all were there, but general, and were astonished to lated their curiosity, and they nearly all were men. The find a great demand for the resolved to buy. women, such of them as would Scriptures wherever they went. San Luis was different. It listen, would hear later what Sales were rapid. was fanatical, ,ignorant, priesthad been said, and might ask Next day they pushed on to dominated, and there the gallopthe Virgin to protect them after San Luis, hoping for a good re- ing horseman found everyone having heard such forbidden ception there also. What was ready to defend the Holy Virgin their surprise to find that they and Mother Church against the things. Suddenly, the big Roman Ca- were rejected at several little Biblemen. tholic church bell began to ring. inns. The priest had given Towns so different in spirit It kept on ringing, and meant strict orders that no one should exist side by side in Colombia to keep on until the voice of the give lodging to the heretics with because a state of constant feud the corrupt Lutheran Bibles. It exists between liberals and conheretic should be drowned. The preacher shouted, and was cold and wet and late in the servatives. Liberals cannot sell exhorted until he was hoarse. afternoon, and no door would goods easily in fanatical towns, The people crowded closer to open to them. Finally, a woman and conservatives are not happy catch part of what he was say- received them but hardly had in a liberal town, so each graviing. Suddenly the bell ceased they started to unpack, when tates, mainly for economical and and there was a great calm. two policemen came to the door. social reasons, to a town where People marvelled. The preacher The priest had sent orders to life is most agreeable. Both rejoiced and went on to finish the woman to refuse hospitality towns are Catholic, but one is to the Protestants, and she must tolerant and the other is persehis sermon in peace. Everyone understood why the comply. They started to pack cuting. In the first, the priest priest had ordered the bell to be up again, while the rain poured has to walk warily, or he may rung, but no one understood why down on the red-tile roofs. Sud- find himself a persona non it had so suddenly stopped. Next denly the woman came to their grata, in the second, he wields a day it was learned that a youth room and said, "You can stay. rod of iron. Both towns need of about sixteen, indignant at After all, the priest has never the Gospel. the treatment meted out to a done anything for me. I owe -Alexander M. Allan, stranger, had climbed into the him nothing. My house is my belfry, cut the rope, and shut own. He may rule on the street, Bogota, Colombia.

down the wooden trap door. In but here I am boss." Hardly was vain the bell ringer climbed up the big door shut and barred, and demanded that he open that than the policemen came to en- Missions Must Not Halt!

trap door; the little heretic quire why the two heretics had Whatever confusion may exist conwas adamant; he sat on it to not left. The woman replied: "I cerning the theory and method of mis- dare you to come in. This house sions, there must be no halting of mismake quite sure and the bell is private property. You have sionary 'effort. ringer below was powerless. no authority here." Christian missions are organized ef- Thus the Gospel message was The police went away, and the forts, motivated by good-will and di- rected by the best available judgment, heard in Santa Ana. colporteurs were left in peace. They were, however, unable to to give to all mankind the highest II. The Galloping Horseman good-God's revelations of the Way of and the Heretic8 sell Bibles in that town, and so Life through Christ. Release all the they slipped away at half-past guidance of trained intelligence. Re- Abel and Manuel were selling Bibles in the saddle-making four in the morning, trudging lease all the rapture of unselfish love. Release all possible effort to promote town of Choconta, on the high through the cold mud away on human welfare for time and eternity. road north of Bogota. A well Release increasing resources of spirdressed man affably enquired in the misty mountain road. itually competent manhood and womabout the route they intended to The explanation? The gallop- anhood for this work.

ing horseman, a bigoted church -Selected.

[168]

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~ THE COLLEGE COUNSELOR have pointed them to the way of midst of perplexing cam pus AT WORK intelligent Christian leadership problems.

By CLAIRE GOODSILL CHANDLER following college, through the The counselor in the home church tries to cultivate the feel- District Counselor for the Central simple medium of friendship, ing among its departing student District of Michigan, Illinois graciously bestowed and shared. members that they will repre- and Missouri Two years ago college coun- Every religious denomination selor work received a tremen- sent the home church in their feels responsible for the Chris- dous impetus by the authoriza- college environment. Many a tian nurture of its own young tion, on the part of the two counselor, when students return people and the large denomina- Women's Boards, of counselors from vacation periods, sees to it tions give especial attention to for every local church, whether that opportunity is given for the spiritual needs of their stu- or not that church was in a col- them to report what they have dent groups. Trained student lege community. This expansion done as church emissaries. pastors or secretaries direct ac- led at once to a new and broader tivities for students in the local conception of college counselor It is the custom of counselors church or follow boys and girls work. to arrange for some church recto the college campus to throw ognition of returning students. about them the protective arm A study of some of the meth- An evening in a church home, a of the Church. This service, ods now employed by counselors banquet at the church, the entergiven by specialists in the stu- will perhaps best indicate the tainment of individual students dent field, is usually of a high value of the expanded plan. in homes – any such interest order. It is especially evident at Methods mentioned have all been manifested in friendly spirit state universities and in educa- proved to be practical and many brings rewards out of all protional centers where the student are in common use by the ma- portion to the effort involved. body is large. jority of counselors. Some counselors bring together A Volunteer Worker In a Community Without a college and high school young College people of the church during the Christmas or spring vacation, so A few years ago the leaders of The counselor working in a that the younger group may the Woman's American Baptist community wit h 0 uta college judge of the value of higher ed- Home and Foreign Mission Soci- seeks to keep in friendly touch ucation, the choice of a school, eties instituted a plan for work with college students connected and such matters, from college among Baptist students, to be with the church. To this end she folk themselves. maintained by volunteer effort will know intimately the promisand to be carried out by college ing young people of the church In a College Community counselors in 10 c a I Baptist churches in college communities. and their educational plans. The counselor in a college com- The statement of purpose of the When they leave for college she munity also has for her first goal project reads: will inform counselors in their to keep in friendly touch with college churches of their new ad- college students connected with . The work of the College Counselor dresses. She will write and send the church. She receives letters IS to preserve and develop the link them church bulletins, if the from counselors in other places between the denomination and the stu- church itself does not make this telling her of incoming students.

dent, not only for the sake of se- a practice. She will see that the She secures also a list from the curing recruits for the mission fields church recognizes in some ap- college or university of students propriate way the departure of giving her particular church as or other forms of Christian service, students in the fall. One church their preference. but for the sake of developing an intelligent, able constituency filled with missionary consecration. holds a student prayer meeting She sees that early contact is In accordance with this ideal, before its young people leave. made with students. She makes counselors in large and small Another holds a special commu-· calls herself and has girls and college centers in various states nion service, the memory of men, preferably students themhave helped students to keep which often helps the student to selves from the local church, call their interest in the church and keep his spiritual poise in the upon new students and extend [169]

invitations to church activities. counselor asks each student to counselor. She keeps in touch Many churches h a v e student fill out an information sheet. memberships which students are with graduate students, she tells encouraged to take. Members of "What Is Your Hobby?" pastors in places to which grad- uates move, of their talents and the church may act as special Check things in the following list experience, and thus endeavors guardians of the religious inter- which you can do. (Sing; Tell Sto- to relate them quickly to their est of certain students for the ries; Teach; Make Posters; etc.) new churches and communities. entire year. They invite the stu- If you were to serve on a committee This service is especially valu- which of the following would you dent of their church adoption to prefer? able when removals are made to their homes, to share their pews These and other questions give large cities, where it is easy· for during church services, and in- a key to the interest and ability newcomers to lose their church troduce them to group activities of the student group. interest. such as the choir, Sunday School The counselor is provided with The Church of the future needs classes and the young people's useful missionary and Christian a generation of young people organizations. leadership information and in- eager to give to the work of the Usually the church as a whole spiration. From time to time she Kingdom of God their trained welcomes the students in some places this material in the hands and consecrated service. The social way. Many churches have of those who are choosing their mission work of the future will student committees, headed by life work. Most of all, in friend- be in their hands. College counthe counselor, and this group ly conversation, perhaps before selors represent one of many plans the fall welcome to the her own fireside, she is able to agencies whose effort is directed coIIege young people. In many say the guiding word which towards helping to develop that places a reception is the order of proves to be a lamp to the future promise of beauty and spiritual the day. Some churches arrange pathway of her young friend. force which lies latent in all for banquets, with members of The High School Group young persons so that it will find the church acting as individual splendid fruition in lives of servhosts and hostesses to their young guests. Sometimes affairs As a second objective, all coun- ice for Christ. of entirely informal character are desired and hikes, bacon bats selors encourage promising high ORIENTAL STUDENTS ON or visits to some country or sum- school students to go to college MODERN MISSIONS mer home are enjoyed. or to get further training along As the year progresses the lines of their special interest, not [Pastors, Sunday School teachers counselor comes to know her and mission study leaders may well students and her home becomes only for the sake of their own the mecca of girls and boys enrichment, but also as a natural ponder carefully these frank admoniwho are lonely, discouraged or . tions as indicating the method of aptroubled. She shows her interest part of their religious develop- proach necessary for a successful minand friendliness in many simple, gracious ways. One counselor ment and training for Christian istry among present day Orientals. In service and leadership. fact, does the matter not go deeper than mere methods into the realm of Counselors arrange for church recognition of the high school spiritual attitudes which represent most truly the mind of the Master in graduates through church Bac- his dealings with man?] calaureate Sundays, congratula- Thirty Chinese students at the takes to the dormitory a birth- tory notes to graduates, and the University of Pennsylvania were day cake whenever anyone of like. They also encourage church recently invited to dine with an her girls is celebrating her natal day. Flowers from her garden and individual scholarship funds outgoing missionary under ap- for ambitious high school stu- pointment as a nurse in their are shared with the girls. "I never knew how much I loved dents without means. It is im- native land. After a simple meal portant for the church to be vi- the gathering was turned into apple blossoms until Mrs. – – brought some to my room this tally interested in the educa- an informal round table of ad- tional equipment of its youth, vice. The twenty-two students spring," said one girl who was far from the orchard fragrance and for the young people to feel present were asked to prepare of her father's farm. the missionary for what she was the warmth of the church's in- soon to meet in China, as well as terest in practical ways as they One counselor, through the seek to train themselves for a to give her any advice or admostudent church s c h 0 0 I class fine type of leadership. which she teaches, arranges each . nitions they deemed desirable. year for a Home-coming Sunday The Graduate Group They were a mixture of Bud- dhists, Mohammedans, Chrisfor parents. The students vie As the counselor's encourage- tians and open-minded inquirers with each other in bringing their ment and help reaches down to of no declared faith. For more parents from afar to spend a the prospective college student, than two hours they held the day of happy fellowship with so she reaches forward to the floor and their admonitions were them as guests of the church. college graduate. To conserve his a symposium of practical sug- In seeking to find a place of or her interest and ability for gestions both for foreign workusefulness and activity for her the church's needs and opportu- ers and for their backers at students in the local church, one nities is the privilege of the home.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Do not become high-hat, giving our rested on a paper ocean stretch- together. All efforts down to date people the feeling that you are supe- have, however, proved insufficient. ing down the expanse of white Every reform is born in an atmosrior to them and that your country cloth. Blue crepe paper was phere previously created, but the is greater than their country. stretched and then crumpled to Church of Jesus Christ is far behind Have an abundance of patience, for there will be many things to irritate. represent waves whose crests the leadership of her Master in shap- Do not go to our country feeling ing the atmosphere for a warless that just because you come from a were white-capped with touches world. Mental disarmament must abforeign country you can boss us of white paint or moistened raw solutely precede disarmament of any around. other sort. The creation of such an starch. An expansive mirror, The trouble with so many mission- laid flat and bordered with twigs attitude of mind among nations of aries in our country has been that the earth is peculiarly the task of they are not as well prepared as the for trees, is effective to repre- the Church, and of America in par- ticular. Chinese whom they try to win to their sent water. religion. A hostess in appropriate na- The central ship was named "America," as the flagship of the Rid yourself of all racial feeling; tional costume sat at one end of World Peace Fleet about to be for the Chinese folks to whom you each table and a toast speaker assembled to render obsolete the or singer at the other. Impro- war fleets of the earth. But minister will soon sense any feeling vised foreign costumes were welof racial superiority. comed, if guests could procure America must have cooperation. A spokesman from the Chinese Adapt yourself as soon as possible table was called upon to present her auxiliary cruiser "Friendto the absence of all United States conveniences, such as a bath tub in them. At each plate stood a tiny ship" and to give a ten-minute every home, running hot water in Christmas candle, imbedded in a 'talk on cultivation of friendly, large gum drop for stability; red confidence-filled, trustful relaabundance, etc., and do not constantly candles were used at the Jap- tions with all other nations of remind us that you are missing these c.onveniences.

Do not be overcome by discourage- anese . table to harmonize with earth. Acceptance of cruiser fol- the tiny Japanese flag on the lowed. ments. You will meet many more ship, and an alternation of red, than we have met as students in your white and blue candles stood on The spokesman for India (a country. young college man on whom a share of the fighting would fall Missionaries must show the real in the event of another war) was called upon to present his cruisspirit of America to China to offset the United States table. er, "Partnership," to represent the disillusionment of our people be- our cordial, cooperative relations No.1, the key-table, was American. with other nationalities, who are cause of the way foreign countries our equals in endowments if not Columbia, resplendent in white robe, always in opportunity. have treated us in the past. bunting cape with red and blue straps, Medical service makes friends much a gilt-star necklace and a coronet, act- Japan next presented her toast ing as hostess, the toastmistress serv- in the form of a solo, "My Task," more quickly because it is an easier ing as her vis-a-vis. From the mast as expressive of "Kinship." way to demonstrate friendship. of the central ship long lines of tiny U. S. flags extended to the ends of From the Philippine Island When you sail up the river to the table. Towed behind this "good world came the toast on "States- Shanghai, you will see the gunboats ship, America," was a captive war vessel whose flag of combat had been of so many nations anchored in the river. Ask yourself the question that replaced by the Christian flag. educated Chinese are always asking- Table No.2, representing China, "Why? Why? Why?" was centered by a Chinese junk made Learn to play with us, for it is the easiest way in every country to be- by the son of a returned missionary. come acquainted. No. 3 represented India. No.4, Japan. We ought to do away with the term No.5, the Philippine Islands. "missionary" which has come to have No.6, the Cosmopolitan aggregaan unpleasant significance. I do not know what to offer, but it ought to be tion of many other nations. something like "international friend."

AN INTERNATIONAL No.7, "The New World of Uni- manship," showing what our versal Peace and Goodwill"-a land men of affairs can do. DINNER as yet uncharted but plainly visible to the eye of faith. The Cosmopolitan table pre- This program, given at a large sented a speaker for the climax: gathering in Granville, Ohio, was Merriment for the young folk "Fellowship." This was a disan earnest effort to arouse Chris- in the way of home-made jingles, tinctively religious talk, putting set to familiar tunes, was pro- the matter specifically up to the tian people to their obligation to vided between courses. At the Christian Church if it would be close of the meal the toastmis- consistent in holding its teachcreate the spirit of friendship in tress gave the setting for the ing of the fatherhood of God and which all international disputes theme: man's brotherhood in Christ. may be settled by arbitration "The New World of Peace rather than by a resort to force. "Fourteen years since the jubilant and Goodwill" offered a soloist The program was planned and announcement of the close of 'The carried out in an earnest spirit War to End War.'''

of prayer and produced a pro- Quotations from current literature rendering "The Lord Is My found impression. were given, and reliable facts as to Tables were decorated with Strength," as a toast on "Lord- present armament burden, warlike at- ship." flags, doilies, curios, statuettes, titudes of mind, suspicions, hatred, The toastmistress then de- jeal.ousies among nations, etc. She etc., to represent different na- pointed out the foolishness of con- clared that the spiritual will to tions. A ship's model, such as demning efforts of statesmen and arbi- . decorates a mantelpiece, formed peace should be substituted for the centerpiece of each table and trators looking toward disarmament the war system of the nations, of nations, since reforms are usually the product of many factors working and that the ideals of the King-

dom of God could be brought to publicity. This is accepted as dergartens. Bring pieces of cloth, pass only through catching the fundamental in the business thimble and scissors, to cut and sew spirit of Him who said, "I am world, but religious workers blocks for quilts to be sent to orthe light of the world." In sym- often neglect or even discount phanages. These things sell the misbolism of this she lighted a can- advertising as s a v 0 r i n g 0 f sionary society and create interest. dle at the masthead of the flag- "worldliness," overlooking the When the folks are absent miss them ship before her. (This was the fact that the only culpability and tell them so. signal for turning off all electric would consist in failing to "delights in the room.) Two white- liver the goods" as advertised. Sell the Woman's Missionary Sorobed peace emissaries then ap- ciety to the prospective members by peared, bearing tall white can- Mrs. Bess Judd Doty, Pastor's personal letters and clever invitations. dles, which they kindled at the Assistant in the First Methodist (Picture of a zeppelin with the words Christ candle and carried in suc- Church of Cleveland, says: -"We're making a flying trip to the cession to each hostess in the new Brewster Hospital at Jacksonroom. As the hostess received Publicity is of value only as you ville, Florida. Leave First Church the light for her own tiny place- have something worth advertising and Wednesday afternoon at three o'clock. candle, she repeated: "The light we assume that your program has Gome along!") . . . Ask the church of World Peace is kindled in the been thoughtfully and prayerfully secretary for a list of prospective heart of China (or India, or prepared, that it is alive and worth members; divide the membership into Japan, etc.). It glows brightly while. Who knows that you have a groups and assign new names to each. and passes on" – lighting the Woman's Missionary Society? Speak- Ask each member to interest herself candles of her neighbor on the ing in business terms, you are to sell in a prospective member; to call for right and on the left. Each guest this organization-first, to yourself. these women and take them to the thus receiving a light,turned and You must yourself believe in the im- meeting. Use the telephone. Do not passed it on to her neighbor un- portance of the task before you can criticize the society, the officers .or the til every candle in the now dark- convince others. As Publicity Secre- workers. Never belittle the work of ened room was glowing. tary you should be a member of the any other organization to gain mem- program committee so that you may bers for your own. Talk it up, never A trio of women rose and sang catch the enthusiasm and know from down. . . • with deep expression three stan- the start what you are to advertise. zas of "The Light of the World Sell your auxiliary of the Woman's Is Jesus." At each repetition of Seoond, sell the Woman's Mission- Missionary Society to the world. Send this musical phrase, everyone in ary Society to your pastor. . . . notes of grateful appreciation to outthe room elevated his candle and Give him a written, detailed notice siders who serve in any way. Write sang the words, then lowered it for the church bulletin, do not rush up accounts of special meetings or again until the next recurrence. up after the morning worship serv- social affairs and send them to your The toastmistress rep eat e d ice and say: "Don't forget to put in local and denominational publications. reverentially: "As light begets a notice about our meeting next Any news and worthwhile suggestions light, so Friendship, Partner- week." If it is not important to you, for securing members, for unusual ship, Kinship, Statesmanship, it is not important to him. . . . programs or for raising money will Fellowship, Lordship are passed always find a place in the columns of from person to person until all Ask him as he calls to tell what church papers. "Sell your Woman's the world becomes a brother- fine work your society is doing. You'll Missionary Society!" hood and World Peace through cheer his heart by your enthusiasm. Christ, our Saviour, shall be AMERICA FIRST? realized upon earth." After a meeting report to him the number of new folks who attended. Bishop G. Ashton Oldham, in a ser- A prayer closed this service, Tell him that the budget is all mon preached at Washington, ma~e an whose devotional and consecra- pledged, and that the women packed impassioned appeal that Americans tional effect was very deep. a wonderful supply box, etc. . . . should secure for their country "first Invite him to the luncheons or din- This program may be used ners and invite his wife, giving them place"- without a dinner, though the as- complimentary tickets. . . . Not merely in matters material, but sembling power and decorative opportunities of the gathering Use the bulletin board and black- in things of the spirit. around the tables enhance the board. Use attractive posters and get Not merely in science, inventions, values. A similar program may them up early. . . . Send out mimbe prepared for expressing the eographed notices, cleverly illustrated. motors and skyscrapers, but also in need and the spread of the Gos- Throw out the challenge of the task. ideals, principles, character. pel of Christ throughout all the . . . Present information in an world. attractive form. Have a "Mission Not merely in the calm assertion of School" (send out the invitations in rights, but in the glad assumption of PUBLICITY POINTERS the shape of different states and write, "What state is this? Come pre- duties. The best programs, plans and pared to tell what missionary home or Not flaunting in her strength as a policies will fall short of their school is located in this state.") . . . possibilities without adequate Learn to use new members-assign giant, but bending over in helpfulness tasks. Make money raising a pleas- over a sick and wounded world like ure. Talk tithing. Lay a mile of a Good Samaritan. pennies-16 pennies to a foot, $844.80 in a mile. Give out "Rainy Day Not in splendid isolation, but in Bags" in which to drop a nickel every courageous cooperation. time it rains. Raise a certain sum for a salary by dividing the amount Not in pride, arrogance and dis- into small gifts per month, per week, dain of other races and peoples, but per day, etc., and ask pledges for in sympathy, love and understanding. these amounts. Make scrap books for hospitals. Save fancy envelope lin- Not in treading again the old worn, ings and send them to mission kin- bloody pathway which ends inevitably in chaos and disaster, but in blazing a new trail along which, please God, other nations will follow into the new Jerusalem where wars shall be no more.

Some day some nation must take that path-unless we are to lapse once again into utter barbarism-and that honor I covet for my beloved America.

Women's Home and Foreign

HELEN M. BruCKMAN, 105 EAST TWENTy-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK; COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK; FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA PRESENT-DAY HOME Migrant Fellowship, made pos- s tor i e s and dramatizations, MISSIONS sible through the cooperation of han d w 0 r k, hom e nursery a grower, was completed. courses, infant care, carpentry, The Annual Meeting of the sewing, cooking, health educa- Council of Women for Home In the legislative field there tion and recreation were all a Missions held January 4-6,1932, have been marked advances. part of the activities in the difin Toronto, Canada, was a Delaware raised the working ferent centers. memorable occasion made so by age of children in canneries the true hospitality expressed in from twelve to fourteen years. International Relations many ways by the Canadian The canners of the state backed friends who gave the delegates this legislation. Pennsylvania The report of the Committee from the States a most hearty has made school attendance by on International ReI a t ion s welcome. showed that the Council has ANNE SEESHOLTZ, Executive Secretary, been particularly active during In the very opening session, Council of Women for Home Missions the past year in this field, carry- Miss Anne Seesholtz was elected ing on work in cooperation with Executive Secretary of the migrant children compulsory no the ten other national organiza- Council of Women for Home matter from what state they tions of women constituent to Mis s ion s, succeeding Miss come. New Jersey is now work- the National Committee on the Florence E. Quinlan. Miss See- ing on a plan of education Cause and Cure of War. Tosholtz comes to this position through special classes and also gether the Federation, Council with exceptional training and a housing code for migrant and National Council of Fedexperience in the religious and camps. erated Church Women secured educational fields. She assumed over 145,000 signatures to a her office on February 1 and will In the work on the field the petition addressed to the Interin future serve as one of the standards were raised. In the national Disarmament Congress editors of this "Bulletin." t wen t y fields in California, at Geneva, urging the Confer- Oregon, Washington, Colorado, ence to gratify the expectations Reports given at the meeting New York, New Jersey, Dela- and hopes of the world by puts howe d interesting develop- ware and Maryland where the ting into immediate and unhesiments in the home mission Council of Women for Home tating effect the pledges already realm. Missions has organized Chris- made for the reduction of na- tian social service work there tional armaments. We are re- Migrant Work was real achievement. Bible joicing that the church women were able to more than double The report of the Committee their quota of 60,000 signatures. on Migrant Work revealed the Altogether over 700,000 women grave effect of the economic situ- in the United States signed this ation upon the migrant group. petition. Work in cannery centers has been unsteady and local workers Indian Work out of regular employment have crowded out the migrant labor- The work with Indians in ers. Wages were reduced as Canada was presented by Mrs. much as 331/3 per cent in some H. A. Lavell and Mrs. D. T. L. places. McKerroll of Canada and in the States by Rev. Frank A. Smith, In spite of difficult times em- D. D., Chairman of the Joint ployers and groups in migrant Committee on Indian Work and areas have maintained their Miss Helen M. B ric k man, level of cooperation or exceeded former Director, Indian Work. it to such an extent that they contributed actually 37 per cent The statement was made that of the total expenditures in the Indian population of Canada, Migrant Work in 1931. now something over 108,000, is This year the work under the [173]

peaceful and happy and more superintendents and principals denominational agencies are acand more showing an interest in have meant changes in the whole tively supporting it. public affairs. The influence of school set-up, including the rethe Christian Church through ligious program. The young In- World Day of Prayer her missionary contacts and the processes of education and train- dians, too, during these last "One cannot but be impressed ing along many practical lines years have reflected the uneasi- wit h the significance of the have done much to develop in ness and uncertainty of the WorId Day of Prayer for such a these people a spirit of content- school employees; the increasing time as this," stated the report ment and a desire to make some- poverty and suffering of their of the Committee on World Day thing of their lives. History people has caused most of them of Prayer. "Every nation the shows that many Indians have the greatest distress, and one world around has been passing not only marked ability and must add to these factors the through times of unprecedented gifts beyond the average but are utter bewilderment which these distress. What a time is this for ambitious to contribute some- young people feel as they face Christians in all lands to bear thing to the world's work. In life and work in their country one another's burdens in united these types the Indian is seen at under conditions such as exist intercession – nation with nahis best with race tendencies today. Any religious program tion, race with race. well in control. All the churches in Canada have had a share in must take into account these "Prayer truly is dynamic. We the work of Indian missions. factors. In addition to these, have wit n e sse d this united The Roman Catholics were the however, the religious work di- prayer service fairly leap from first on the field and signs of rectors have faced the perplexity country to country until on Febtheir zeal as missionaries are of administering a program of ruary 20, 1931, Christians in evident in every province of the more than twoscore countries Dominion. Nearly half of the religious education which will had joined the fellowship of Indian population of Canada are meet the requirements of the united intercession." Roman Catholic. The Anglican school, which will be acceptable Church leads the Protestant de- to local churches, which will It was announced that Mrs. nominations in numbers, and it measure up to the standards de- C. C. Chen of China is the author is interesting to note that the sired by the Joint Indian Com- of the program for March 3, very first Anglican Church in mittee, and which will also meet 1933, and that the Call to Prayer Upper Canada was the one built their needs as the young Indian will be prepared by an American on the Mohawk Reserve near people themselves see them. Indian. Brantford in 1785. The Presbyterians, too, have a long record Certain definite objectives for Study Courses of splendid work, and the United the religious program have been Church of Canada, through one uppermost during the last few The report of the Committee of its constituent bodies, dates years, and definite progress on Study Courses revealed that its work for Indians back to although the sale of home mis- toward these goals made. In the sion study books has been affect- 1824. great effort to lead Indian boys ed this past year by the general and girls into a knowledge of depression, the record of sales is In its work of the year the and love for Jesus Christ, their slightly over last year. Joint Committee on Indian Lord and Master, church an·d Work has kept before it the The program for the coming definition of its task as accepted worship services, Sunday School year is as near completion as is by the Home Missions Congress, classes, denominational meet- possible at this time. The adult "Our task is preeminently spir- ings, religious clubs, and week- book, now ,in manuscript form, itual-the bringing of every In- day courses in religious educa- is a collaboration by Dr. Lewis dian into allegiance with our tion have been emphasized and Meriam and Dr. George W. Hin- Lord and Saviour for worship man, both of whom have a wide and service in His Kingdom, strengthened. acquaintance with Indian Work. that with Christians of other Dr. Meriam, whose survey for races they may interpret and ac- In order to develop religious the government has made him cept the full meaning of His leadership increasing responsi- an authority, has an exceeding- Lordship in their lives." bility for planning and assisting ly sympathetic attitude toward in the religious program has Indians. Dr. Hinman's relation- The report brought out the been given to the Indian young ships to the work of his own defact that the changes in the ad- people themselves and in several nomination and the Service Comministration of Indian affairs mittee on Indians has given him have had an effect upon the re-· of the schools real initiative has an equally broad knowledge from the standpoint of Christian ligious program in the Indian been shown. missions. schools. While there has been Eight denominations through splendid cooperation on the part Miss Winifred Hulbert spent of school authorities, changes in their ten mission boards now nearly five months visiting In- recognize the Service Committee dian schools and mission sta- on Indians, which serves as a tions on Indian fields and has the liaison agency between the mis- sion boards and tlie government, and have indicated their general willingness to work through it as occasion requires. Two inter-

WOMEN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

book for young people well in Honorable N. W. Rowell, K. C., national Relations, Race Relahand. She is also preparing a Vice-President of the Institute tions, and World Day of Prayer. unit course for intermediates on Pacific Relations. He pointed based on "Three Arrows" by E. out the necessity for a world out- With the Home Missions Coun- Ryerson Young, an intermediate look on problems and the need cil there are joint committees on reading book. for christianizing ecclesiastical, Alaska, City and New Ameri- social, economic and interna- cans, Com i t y and Five-Year A course book for juniors is tional relations. He urged the Program, Indian Work and Probeing written by Katharine Church to realize the importance motion. Gladfelter, while for primary of allaying racial prejudices and children stories are being fur- national antipathies, and to use Editor's Note: At the same time that the nished by Florence C. Means and its power to further public opin- Council of Women held its Annual Meeting, teacher's material by Frances ion in increasing international the Home Missions Council also met, joint Somers Riggs. An additional in- cooperation. sessions taking place in the afternoon and sert sheet of American Indian evening of each day. Report of joint work sketches will be prepared to ac- Officers and resolutions adopted by both bodies appear company the North American elsewhere in this issue. Picture Map already in print. The following officers and ex- ecutive officers were elected: THE ANNUAL INVENTORY Addresses Honorary President-Mrs. George W. The Annual Meeting of the Stirring addresses by promi- Federation of Woman's Boards nent men and women of the Coleman. of Foreign Missions of North United States and Canada were America was held at the Hotel heard. President-Mrs. Orrin R. Judd. Gramatan, Bronxville, N. Y., First Vice-President-Mrs. Philip M. January 9-11, 1932. This is the Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, President time when the Federation takes of the Council of Women, cited Rossman. inventory of stock, discovers the many instances of devoted serv- things which have been done ice on home mission fields. Second Vice-President – Mrs. May m 0 s t advantageously through the past year, and how they may Bishop Francis J. McConnell, Leonard Woodruff. be improved upon for the next President of the Federal Council Third Vice-President-Mrs. Fred S. year. of Churches, stoutly defended the Church's right to have a Bennett. . During this year the work of voice in all matters pertaining to Recording Secretary-Miss Julia Flor- many ofthe committees has been national and international wel- outstanding and has made a very fare. Speaking on "The Place of ance. real contribution to the missionthe Church in Democracy," he Treasurer-Mrs. Edwin W. Lentz. ary enterprise. The Committee said that the Church should not on Missionary Preparation has be muzzled in her attempt to Executive Secretary-Miss Anne See- been making a study of some of voice the Christian attitude with the problems of recruiting and regard to war, disarmament, sholtz. preparation of candidates and temperance and other social and Secretary for Migrant Work-Miss of the type of workers and trainindustrial problems. ing needed in specific cases. This Edith E. Lowry. committee recently assembled a Miss Mabel Cartwright, LL.D., Western Field Secretary and Super- group of twenty-five candidate President of the Women's Aux- visor for Migrant Work – Miss secretaries, members of candiiliary of the Ontario Diocese, date committees and mission- Church of England in Canada, Adela J. Ballard. aries together with such specialspoke on "The Adventure in Assistant Treasurer-Miss G. Evelyn ists as Dr. Carney and Dr. Case Life." She deplored the idea of of Teachers College and Dr. many that religion has left ad- Morse. Reisner of the Committee on Agventure outside, stating that the Office Secretary-Miss Virginia Kai- ricultural Missions. The group Christian religion was the great headed by Dr. Donohugh herself adventure of the ages. One of ser. had a most interesting conferthe great adventures of the ence on "Women Workers in present day, she pointed out, was Chairmen Rural Areas – Their Qualificato be found in helping to solve tions and Preparation." It is some of the problems of the com- The following chairmen 0 f hoped that there will be very munity such as unemployment, standing commi ttees were definite results from this conferdistribution of wealth, friendli- elected: ence. ness to the stranger in the neighborhood, and provision of whole- Administrative-Mrs. Orrin R. Judd. The Committee on Foreign some recreation. Chautauqua Home Missions Institute Students has been doing a very interesting piece of work this "Forced by the progress of -Mrs. Orrin R. Judd. year in cooperation with the events, we now live in a world, Finance-Miss Ann Elizabeth Taylor. Committee on Friendly Relanot a community," stated the Legislative Matters – Mrs. Samuel tions, the Foreign Student Com- Semple. Study Courses-Miss May Huston. Young People's Work- Miss Muriel Day.

As yet the Chairman of the Committee on Migrant Work has not been named. It was deeply regretted that Mrs. Kenneth Dexter Miller felt it necessary to relinquish the chairmanship of this committee.

There are joint committees with the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions and National Council of Federated Church Women on Conferences and Schools of Missions, Inter-

mittee of the Y. W. C. A., and sire for this has been expressed Mrs. F. I. J ohns.on, that of the Committee of Refer- Mrs. H. A. Lavell, ence and Counsel. A limited sum by nationals speaking in this Mrs. James C. Colgate, of money has been made avail- country. It has already been Mrs. D. J. Fleming, able for cases of emergency need tried with success in the cases among foreign students and al- of union institutions and in the Mrs. William L. Darby, ready a goodly number of stu- union work in Mesopotamia and Mrs. Ernest A. Evans, dents have been helped in the in Santo Domingo. A committee Mrs. L. R. RQunds, solution of their problems. Plans will study possibilities, ways and means during this coming year. Mrs. L. L. Anewalt. Secretary-Mrs. John C. ShQver. Treasurer-Mrs. Frank GaylQrd Cook. Assistant Treasurer-Mrs. Philip M.

are going forward for two or On Sunday evening the Fed- Rossman. three conferences in foreign stu- eration enjoyed a family supper Executive Secretary-Miss FlQrence dent centers in different parts of the country, and the Committee with guests fro m Bronxville, G. Tyler. is also working to secure hospi- New York, and elsewhere. The tality for these students in Chris- following missionaries spoke: Chairmen Miss Olivia Lindsay from Japan, Chairmen of standing com- mittees are: tian hom e s , also to provide Dr. Hawthorne Darby from the Constitution and By-Laws-Miss Carspeaking engagements for them Philippines, Mrs. Arthur Harper rie M. Kerschner. from India, Miss Elsie Kittlitz which will bring some remuner- from China, and Miss Charlotte Home Base Cultivation-Miss Amelia ation. D. Kemp.

Industrial Missions' Products – Miss .The week-end at Bronxville Wyckoff from India, while the Lucy Kent. was a very profitable one, as the final messages of the evening Missionary Preparation-Mrs. Agnes program was most worthwhile. were from Ma Sa Tin of Burma C. L. Donohugh. The theme for the meeting was and Miss Carol Chen of China. Missions and Governments – Mrs.

William L. Darby. Nominations-Mrs. S. S. Hough. "Launch Out Into the Deep." The meeting continued through Interdenominational Institutions on Dr. D. J. Fleming of Union Sem- Monday with speeches from reinary spoke on Saturday evening cently returned travellers from the Foreign Field – Miss Minnie Sandberg. and laid before the delegates the Orient-Mrs. John MacGil- Finance Committee – Mrs. L. R. some of the problems which must livray and Mrs. Frank Gaylord Rounds.

be faced by mission boards in Cook-and a splendid presenta- THE UNKNOWN CHRISTIAN the near future in order to meet tion of home base interests led I the needs of a new day. Dr. by Miss Amelia D. Kemp of What was his name? I do not knQW his name: James H. Franklin, Administra- Philadelphia and followed by a I only kn.oW he heard GQd's voice and tive Secretary of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Soci- discussion. came. The message of this Annual Brought all he lQved across the sea, ety, spoke Sunday morning on Meeting is well voiced by the old . . . . To ·live a.nd wQrk fQ.r GQd-and me. "Christ's Perpetual Challenge- hymn which had been adapted And at the end, withQut memQrial for the occasion by Mrs. Amelia 'Launch Out Into the Deep' " – Josephine Burr Elmore and died; taking up the spiritual issues which was sung a number of No blaring trumpet sQunded .out his facing every Christian today in fame; making his own life tally up to times during the meetings: He lived, he died; I dQ nQt knQw his the Gospel he professes-in race relations, in industrial relations, The power of God is an ocean divine, name. in personal relations. Dr. Frank- A boundless and fathomless flood. lin told of many of the Chinese Launch out in the deep, n Christians with whom he had Cut away the shore line, had fellowship during his recent And buoyantly venture with God. NQ fQrm of brQnze and nQ mem.orial trip to the Orient and drew fur- Launch out into the deep, and let the stones shore line go. Sh.oW me the place where lie his · m.ouldering b.ones.

. .. ..

Only a thousand h.omes, Where every day the cheerful play ther illustration from Kagawa, Launch out, launch out .on the ocean Of l.ove and h.ope and courage c.omes. the great spiritual leader of S.o br.oad, These are his monument and these Japan. Out where the full tides flow. al.one: Sunday afternoon was given There is n.o form .of brQnze and nQ up to a forum hour led by Miss Officers Sarah Lyon of the Foreign De- memQrial stQne. partment of the Y. W. C. A. At Newly elected officers of the this time many of the problems Federation of Woman's Boards III of Foreign Missions are: Is there SQme desert .or SQme pathless of mission boards were brought out and it was decided that this President – Mrs. Howard Wayne sea forum hour would be continued Smith. Where ThQu, great God .of angels, wilt another year. One of the for- Honorary Vice-PresUl:ent-Mrs. Henry · se.nd me.? . . . . W. Peabody. TQ feed the waiting children .of my First Vice-President-Miss Margaret GQd?

E. Hodge. ShQW me the desert, Father, .or the sea. Vice-Presidents-Mrs. DeWitt Knox, Is it Thine enterprise? Great GQd, ward-looking projects discussed Mrs. William Edgar Geil, send me; was the possibility of sending Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn, And thQugh this bQdy lie where ocean missionaries to the field without denominational labels. The de- Mrs. Hume R. Steele, rQlls, CQunt me amQng All Faithful SQuls.

-E. E. HALE.

j" Our W orld;-wide

A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events ~~~~~I NORTH AMERICA and creep up the aisles. They bless Community Chest Receipts themselves when there is a storm. Religious Ignorance Among Children They put holy water on their beds at A grand total of $100,000,000 night, and when they are sick, they -a new record for community Even in privileged America use a lot of holy water. chests in a single fiscal yearchildren are surprisingly igno- As long as nothing is done to seems to be assured for 1932 acrant and prejudiced on religious get at the root of ignorance, we cording to a summary of' the matters. They know little of need expect nothing but intoler- ance. Propaganda for better campaigns already completed in their own religion and less of the understanding should be carried religion of their neighbors. on among the children as well 206 out of 391 cities. This sum- as among adults. mary was submitted to Walter An investigation made by Dr. Florida Missionary Assemblies S. Gifford, director of the Presi- Adelaide T. Case, Professor of dent's Organization on Unem- Education at Columbia Univer- "This Chain of Missionary sity, has undertaken to get the Assemblies is a unique experi- ployment Relief, by J. Herbert ment," writes Mrs. Henry W. Case, president of the National reactions of 1,000 children. Dr. Peabody, the advisory chairman. Association 0 f Community Case asked them (Leon Freeman says in The American He- For two years the committee Chests and Councils. The 206 brew) to write on religions other has arranged for great mission- campaigns already completed ary leaders, representing all than their own. evangelical denominations and have raised $67,865,808, com- nearly every field in the world, pared with aggregate goals of Most of the children have only to go through Florida with their $67,102,223, or 101.1 per cent of a vague association of external message. The effect has been practices of religion. They form beyond the hopes of the commit- their goals. For the normal generalizations from children tee. Forty-five states were rep- year of 1928 the entire group they happen to know. resented in the registration list of chests then in existence raised last year. It has proved a tre- Italian girls ten or eleven mendous help to Florida church- only $67,000,000. This total inyears old, writing "all they es and to the mission cause. creased each year of the depres- knew" about the Jews, said: This year two more cities were sion until $82,000,000 was ob- added, Palm Beach and J ackson- tained in 1931. With 185 cities They eat matzoths, cabbage, fish, ville. The Assemblies began in still to report or to hold their regular campaigns after Januaand pickles; they believe in Moses' ry 1, it is expected that when they eat from gold waonrdk;silsvoemreplJaetews~' the results are tabulated a recand don't like to ord of $100,000,000 will have been made. hate God; when they pray they touch their beards and say, "Baba la About 30 per cent of the sum Frisca," which means "We praise, thee, 0 Lord." raised last year by 391 Commu- nity Chests went for unemploy- Some Jewish boys wrote about Miami January 16, and went on ment relief. People who have Christians: been less affected by the depres- to Palm Beach, St. Petersburg, sion are giving generously. They eat bacon, ham and other Tampa, Clearwater, Orlando, things that are not kosher; they go to church on Sunday; Christmas is DeLand, and closed in J ackson- ville February 5.

their favorite holiday; they pray in The leaders included Dr. Rob- Relief for Coal Miners front of a cross and take their hats ert E. Speer, Rev. H. W. Myers, Starvation conditions, with off in church; the Prodisens made the of Japan; Mr. and Mrs. Swine- thousands of children under- Ku-Klux Klan; Jesus is their father, hart, of Korea; Dr. Lee Vroo- and the Christians copied the Bible from the Jews and translated it into man, of the International Col- nom:ished, lacking medical and English. lege, Turkey, and Princess Ata· hospital care and unable to go to S 0 m e Protestant children lea, of the Chickasaw Indian school because of lack of clothsummed up their knowledge of tribe. ing, and unsanitary and dilapi- the Catholics, thus: The forum had as its topic dated housing conditions, are Catholics say prayers with their "The Price of Safety," with found in the bituminous coal beads; the head of all the church IS daily periods: (1) National areas of West Virginia and Ken- the Pope, and he lives in a beautiful Safety; (2) International Safe.. tucky, according to the investipalace and people go from all over the ty; (3) Safeguards for Youth; gation made by the American world to kiss his hand. The Catholics worship idols. When they are in (4) Safeguards for the Church Friends Service Committee and chul'ch they get down on their knees and Its Missions. the Commission of the Federal [1'17]

Council of Churches. The severe were fr.om North Europe and they Mexicans Returning Home hardship is accentuated because brought an increase in Lutheran and of bank failures, low wages, un- Irish Catholic churches. Following a movement of the employment and over-developed Mexican people in Texas to reconditions of the coal industry The third period begins with 1890 turn to their native land, apwith cut-throat competition. The and c.ontinues to the World War. Dur- proximately 1,600 crossed the church investigators state that ing this period our immigrants were border at Laredo in one day of many well-meaning employers from southern and eastern Europe January. The Mexican governhave been caught and squeezed and they established an increased ment furnished transportation by this competition so that they, number of Italian, Polish and Bohe- to their homes on the other side. too, are unable to pay living mian Catholic churches and Jewish The reason is the same as that wages. Such conditions ought synagogues. which brought them into the not to exist in civilized America. S tat e s-economic conditions. The fourth period is from the World During the World War they Students for World Friendship War to the present time. The new- came by the hundreds to supply comers are from rural America, in- Sir Wilfred Grenfell an- cluding an increased number of Ne- the increased demand for labornounces the organization of a groes, Mexicans and rural whites. The ers at three times the wages society of college and secondary largest Protestant church is now a they were receiving at home. school students to study foreign Negro Baptist church of from twelve Now many prefer to face hunger affairs and promote interna- in their home land rather than tional goodwill. The new or- to fourteen thousand members. starve in the United States. In August last year only 139 Mexiganization is to be known as the The issue facing the Protest- cans entered the United States, all of them students or former North Atlantic Students League ant churches is "Can the Protof International Cooperation, estant churches by cooperative residents. and will embrace secondary planning accomplish what the Roman Catholics accomplish by centralized administration?" C h u r c h e s are succeeding which take account of the needs of their communitie&.

schools, high schools, colleges Color Lines in Methodism LATIN AMERICA and universities of the United States, Canada, Newfoundland An important move of the re- Liberal Movements in Colombia and England. It will function cent ecumenical conference of under the auspices of the Yale the Methodists in Atlanta, Geor- Many people are interested in Round Table of International gia, was the banishing of the the political situation in Colom- Relations and of the Connecticut color line from the sessions. bia, frequently referred to as Secondary Schools Society. Its The Southern Methodist Church "The New Liberal Movement." activity will be "studying for- acted as host and the delegates eign affairs and p'romoting in- were largely southern white peo- About seventy-five years ago telligent and friendly interna- ple, yet white and black dele- it was due to the temporary suc- gates sat together in the meet- cess of one of these movements tional relations between North ings on a basis of equality. "At- that citizens of Colombia invited American nations and all na- lanta made good in the matter of the Presbyterian Board of Fortions of the world." seeing to it that no discrimina- eign Missions to send missiona- tion was allowed," reports one ries with the Gospel. The move- Sir Wilfred recognizes a Negro Methodist leader. This is ment had to rest on illiteracy growing need that North Atlan- one of the most hopeful facts and superstition, as only a small tic nations shall work in har- noted in the South in recent percentage of the people were mony for world peace and years and is to the credit of literate. friendly international relation- Methodist leaders and the people ship. In the present situation it is quite different. There is now a . Chicago Religious Survey of Atlanta. One group of dele- public school system covering Dr. Arthur E. Holt, Professor gates discussed "Wider Human most of the territory of its fourof Social Ethics at Chicago Theological Seminary, has re- Relationships," and sought to in- teen states and even reaching cently completed a report of a clude in the convention's find- out into the larger municipaliunited religious survey of the ings provision for study of such ties of its six territories. Then city. Chicago, says this report, was settled in four epochs, color problems as exist in the there are the evangelical churchdominated by different racial East Indies, South Africa, the es with their numerous evangelistocks. Philippines and Haiti, as well as cal schools, including some of In the first epoch, from 1833 to in the United States. A resolu- the largest and best educational 1850, the old American stock came tion calling for action on these institutions on that continent, brin~ng Met hod.i s t, Presbyterian, giving instruction in secular and BaptIst, CongregatIOnal and Episco- issues was ruled out of order bv the chairman on the ground that Bible subjects to hundreds and palian churches. This stock is now thousands of children, young the findings could not include men and young women every found quite largely in the suburbs or reference to "specific evils." year. along the lake front. Thus the church seems con- The second settlement was from tent to denounce race discrimi- This new movement is based nation in the abstract but avoids on progress. It stands first for 1860 to 1890, when the newcomers dealing with "specific evils." international friendship, then

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

freedom of religion, freedom in to which the convicts have sunk. sickness, sin and superstition. education, freedom of the press Political influence and public Medical advice and treatment and freedom for the laboring apathy have proved too strong are given free to all who are unclass. But these very principles for humanitarian sentiment, and able to pay for them, irrespecset forth by the liberals are little has been done to alleviate tive of creed.

largely in the background of conditions. Now the Salvation Evangelistic services are con- the thinking and the desires of Army is to commence its work ducted during dispensary hours.

the leading conservatives. A and will bring the one remedial The vestibule and waiting room few days after President Olaya Force that can avail to lift these easily accommodates sixty per- was elected one of the leading men out of the fearful pit sons. Seated in the waiting conservative dailies said, "It is through the love and the grace room are those who have come time for the State Church to of God. The prayers of the in spite of opposition to seek adleave politics alone, let the gov- Christian public will go with vice and treatment.

ernment take care of material these soldiers who storm this Striking examples of the use- things, and let the church rule grim citadel of evil. fulness and abiding influence of in spiritual things." the mission have been met and A Negro Methodist Nurse for EUROPE testimonies from men, women and young people certify that Bolivia Young People in England the teaching was the means of Despite the slowing down in "In nearly forty years of leading them to fuller and more missionary activities, the Meth- Christian service," declared the scriptural knowledge of Christ. odist Episcopal Church has sent Rev. W. Charter Piggott of the out another missionary-Miss Congregational Union, "I have Scattered throughout the Lula Mae Allen-as a nurse to never been more attracted, chalengage in village nursing in In- lenged, quickened than by the world today there are many who dian communities near La Paz, young people who are round witness to the emancipating Bolivia. Miss Allen is a Negress about our churches today. I like power of the Gospel they learned and is the first member of her their independence and their race t(} be commissioned by a daring. And I am glad in the at the Medical Mission. Nor white church for missionary feeling that they are not to be are the activities of the Mission work in a part of the world . won by a religion which is cheap confined to the Dispensary, for a good work is being done in the homes of the people and in the surrounding districts.

other than Africa. In addition and easy, that does not answer Jesuits Expelled from Spain to her training as a nurse and their questions and their doubts experience as a supervising and make some real attempt to Pursuing her policy of putting nurse, Miss Allen has had spe- tackle the problems of life." an end to the activities of the cial preparation in a training Roman Catholic orders in Spain, school for Christian workers. A Scottish Forward Movement the government has now ordered the confiscation of the monas- The Salvation Army on Devil's The recent union of the two teries owned by the Society of Island leading Scottish Presbyterian Jesus, and will no longer permit churches is not to end with the the Jesuits to operate collective- Devil's Island is well named. ecclesiastical union. The new ly within the RepUblic. Found- In an interview with a corre- "Forward Movement" originally ed by Ignatius Loyola in 1534, spondent of The Tononto Globe, was for an advance in foreign the Society became the most General Higgins of the Salvation missions only, but its scope was powerful religious body in the Army revealed something of the widened later to include the world. They were expelled from plan for the amelioration of the home field. Twelve commissions Spain in 1767, but were allowed conditions in the colony. "Con- were appointed to consider the to return after a time. The orditions in French Guiana are be- responsibilities, opportunities, der is credited with having yond description," he said. "The and resources of the Church of about $100,000,000 of assets in rep 0 r t s which our officers Scotland. "The Call of the Spain, but the real property, brought back can never be pub- Church" gives the findings of which alone can be seized, is lished. If a hundredth part of these commissions which were rated at $30,000,000. The govwhat is said in the reports be reported to a Church Congress ernment action shows the extent true, French Guiana is nothing in Glasgow, where they were to which liberal forces have less than hell on earth." The discussed in addresses that made come into power. Salvation Army plans to open a profound impression on the work there and hopes to effect 2.500 delegates attending from Medical Missions in Portugal improvement. all parts of the country. Although there never was a Again and again the con- Limerick Medical Mission medical mission in Portugal unscience of France has been til last year, evangelical work stirred by reports from Guiana The Limerick Medical Mis- among the Portuguese began telling of conditions there, and sion of the Irish Church Mission with the efforts of a medical the unspeakable degradation in- continues to operate against missionary, Dr. Robert Reid

Kalley, who went to Madeira in were converted to Evangelical was the spirit of friendship and 1838 on account of his wife's health, learned Portuguese, un- faith. The authorities, unwill- desire to cooperate which chardertook medical missionary ing to recognize the new spirit acterized the meetings. Such a work and started Christian schools. Opposition of the of tolerance abroad in Italy, en- conference is certain to advance priests in 1846 compelled Dr. Kalley and several hundred deavored to get the law to sup- the cause of peace in this diffi- Evangelicals to flee, and for 21 years he served in Brazil. port the Claim the Papal Church cult part of Europe.

About one year ago the Lisbon makes that such persons must Medical Mission was founded by Dr. Alan G. Bodman of Great ever remain Romanists, and that AFRICA Britain. Dependence for all no change of religion shall be needs of the work is placed on prayer and the second year's recognized. When the case was Real Famine in Egypt work starts with twenty-five believers, several of whom are tak- called, these Evangelicals, some This is not a famine of bread ing a share in the work. such as was in the time of J 0- educated and some ignorant, re- seph, though poverty still Church Decline in Germany sponded to the charge with a public testimony of their faith, abounds in the Nile Valley. The During the last few years, leaving their accusers discom- serious poverty today is due to a church membership in Germany, especially in Berlin, has shown fited. The case had powerful re- famine of the Bread of Life. In a decline. The reason is chiefly the Delta of Egypt alone there the economic depression and verberations throughout Italy. the consequent poverty. The state claims twenty per cent of Awakening in Czechoslovakia are over 250 towns, besides hunevery income, and the church dreds of smaller villages, where another ten per cent. For many this is impossible. In 1927, 36,- One of the remarkable relig- there are none to tell of Christ's 700 members of the 3,000,000 ious movements of modern Way of Life-and where ignorbelonging to the Protestant Church in Berlin, laid down times was the revolution that ance, superstition, disease, povtheir membership. In 1928 the number increased to 46,000; in took place in Czechoslovakia in erty and demoralizing sin 1929 to 50,500, and in 1930 to 59,300. The Roman Catholic 1918, which has led to spiritual abound. church figures are in proportion. reformation and industrial re- When the first American mis- Of the 400,000 Roman Catholics in Berlin, 4,500 resigned mem- vival. In a few years over a sionaries, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas bership in 1927, 5,600 in 1928, 6,600 in 1929, and 6,800 in 1930. million Catholics left the Church McCayne, landed in Alexandria In Berlin, there are about 177,- 000 Jews, of whom about 560 of Rome and Czechoslovakia is seventy-seven years ago, they break their connection with the synagogue every year. During now one of the most vigorous met with fierce opposition from the last five years, 260,700 Protestants, 30,400 Rom a n and progressive of European the four million Moslems and Catholics, and 3,410 Jews have left their respective churches. nations. In 1914, its very name· half a million Copts. Now there Can Italians Change Faith? was unknown. In 1918, it had is a strong Evangelical Church Last October, four women and won international recognition in Egypt with 20,000 members. eight men from the Abruzzi district in Italy were called before and today its statesmen boast of But there are today in the Valthe chief magistrate to answer a national progress and prosper- ley of the Nile 13,000,000 Mosfor having described themselves as Protestant Christians instead ity which has not been sur- lems and 900,000 Copts-over of Roman Catholics in the re- passed. Its spiritual advance is three-fourths the number found cent national census. They had shown by the fact that the pow- there in 1860. Faced with this been baptized Catholics, but er of the priesthood has been growing problem Christians broken, and hundreds of priests need to throb with new life- themselves have seceded. The the life of the Spirit of God. awakening of the spirit of the Reformation has led to an ag- A Moslem Defends Christians gressive evangelism, not brought Ali Saif en Nasr, the son of about by any organized Protes- a wealthy and devout Moslem chief in the Fayoum Oasis, came tant propaganda, but the result of the spontaneous desire of the to the American University at people to bear witness to the Cairo in 1923, with the express reality of a new religion and a understanding on his part that determination to spread evan- he would not submit to Chris- gelical Christianity. tian "propaganda."

Balkan Friendship Conference Four years passed, with Ali becoming increasingly active in An important movement for dormitory social life, athletics international friendship and co- and college activities in general, operation is the second Balkan till he became the student cheer conference, held in Constantin- leader and a prophet of sports- ople in November. This brought manship. He had forgotten his together delegates from Al- hostile attitude in daily and Sun- bania, Bulgaria, Greece, Jugo- day chapel which are a part of slavia, Roumania and Turkey. the college life to which he was The principal positive ad- devoted. vance made by the conference In 1928 he wandered one eve-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ning into a downtown mass said that he too had been a very New Sahara Exploration meeting of 500 Sheikhs of the bad man, and at the time the Azhar and listened to an im- Bangwanas raided the country Dugald Campbell, F. R. G. S., passioned declaration of hate he had a brother killed. He of Scotland, a former co-misagainst Christianity followed by joined the Bangwanas and went sionary with the late Dan Crawa riotous clamor to persecute with them to other tribes and ford, recently completed a jourany and all converts to Chris- raided them. "We killed many ney of 5,000 miles from the Attianity. As the air grew heavy people, and divided their bodies lantic to the Red Sea. He has with imprecations and threats, amongst the women of the vil- now started upon another ex- Ali protested with his nearest lages," and he of course had his pedition which will probably neighbors against intolerance share. As I looked at these one occupy him for the next three and bigotry. He was threatened time cannibals, can you wonder years. From Tripoli he will go with canes and taunted with be- that my heart sang for joy that through a large number of the ing a Christian. He jumped to Christ can touch these folk and oases in Tripolitania, will visit his feet, proclaiming his name lift them from this awful degra- the Tibesti Mountains, and after and family, known well to all dation? scattering the Bible among and shouted: some of the wildest tribes of the -Mrs.llarrison. interior of the Sahara, he hopes "Are you animals to fight to reach Algeria. with your claws? Shame on New Station at Boyulu you. Cannot our religion per- A Century in Madagascar suade of its own self? If not, The Unevangelized Fields Mislet us be converted to anything sion" which carries on work in The Malagasy Church is 100 that will make us gentlemen. I Amazonia and Central Asia, years old. On June 5th, the am a Moslem, but there is no hopes soon to open work in Cen- centenary was observed. Numuse being a Moslem unless we tral Africa. Boyulu is a large bered among the first twenty can conduct ourselves with ordi- unevangelized field, and is unoc- baptized Christians was Rasanary Christian courtesy." cupied by any other evangelical lama, the first Christian martyr missionary society. Medical in Madagascar. On the site of He barely escaped assault and work has been started with the first church building, which his disgust and wrath found ex- gratifying results. The people became a prison during the long pression in words that had best show a keen desire to hear the persecution, stands the present be forgotten. But he had Word of God, which has already fine Martyr Memorial Church of learned the lesson of Gamaliel: been translated into the inter- Ambatonakanga. At one of the that truth and courtesy must tribal language. The people con- services of the commemoration rule though the heavens (Mos- tinually ask for more instruc- interesting mementos of early lem or Christian) fall. tion. days were shown, Rasalama's box in which she kept her Bible, -The Moslem World. Lovedale Activities the first Communion Plate and early copies of the first printed Cannibals Won to Christ Young Africans are being Malagasy scriptures. trained in many ways by Love- An old man with a white dale Institute. Work parties, or- Where one small wooden beard at a Christian meeting in ganized for afternoons, are en- building represented the early the Western Sudan is a very un- gaged in planting and rearing church, now hundreds of towusual sight. Later he said that trees, in orchard work, in road ers and spires all over Imerina while he was young his relations construction. One group built a testify to the power of the Gossent him to another tribe where suspension bridge across the pel, while the first twenty baphe learned to beat a call to war. river Tyumie, and also worked tized members have grown to They marched to a neighboring at a hall for wayfarers. Car- tens and even hundreds of thoutribe and overcame their en- pentry, blacksmithing, shoemak- sands. emies. When asked what he did ing, farming, forestry, domestic with those who were killed, he science, the training of nurses, WESTERN ASIA said, "I ate them"! are all carried on. The Institu- tion Church reports that the Turkey and the Mission Schools Sometime later he heard that number seeking admission to a white man had come to teach full church membership was the The Turkish newspaper Son them about God. This old man's highest in memory-no fewer Posta, September 29, 1931, pubface lit up when he said the than seventy-six were admitted lished an article which shows white man was Bwana Muku- in one day, while others who clearly that the attitude of the bwa (Mr. Charles Studd) who were considered worthy were re- Turkish Government to mission told him that if he repented and ferred to their home congrega- schools is definitely hostile: followed Jesus he would be tions for various reasons. saved. He believed and has nev- "According to the Lausanne er gone back since. A number The school draws its pupils Treaty the right of missionaries of people had gathered, and from many races-Xosa, Basuto, to carry on educational work in after the ex-cannibal had fin- Bechuana, Zulu and Indian. Turkey ended this year. The ished speaking another man government could have abol-

ished all these missionary insti- Turkestan, who have left their The marriage of a Persian woman tutions. But this would have homes because of religious and to a foreigner shall take place only brought a crisis, as there are not economic disabilities enforced with the permission of the governsufficient schools for all the chil- upon them by the Soviet regime. ment. Penalty for disobedience is imdren. In order to avoid this the About thirty of these Turkestan prisonment from one year to three Ministry of Education has de- Moslems are in Delhi. years. cided to act gradually toward this abolition. Religious restrictions began A Milestone in Persia with the banning of all religious "The Ministry has adopted teaching in schools and, as Mos- When Moore Science Hall two new measures against these cow's influence grew, spread was begun recently on the foreign schools. First, Turkish until Korans and other religious grounds of the American College children will not be allowed to books were seized. In order to at Teheran, within the cornerreceive their primary education prev~nt attendance at mosque, stone was deposited a copy of in these schools. Second, the the authorities imposed high the Bible in Persian. This siguniversity will not accept the taxes on all worshippers, while nifies the conviction of those rediplomas of these institutions preachers and leaders who re- sponsible for the college that the without examination. This will belled against these measures word of God and the principles lessen the number of students were imprisoned, shot or sent to and truths therein set forth are in the upper classes of the for- Moscow and never heard of the real foundations, the true eign institutions. The graduates again. cornerstone of the institution. of these institutions usually go This is the first building ever to Europe or America for ad- Moslem children are com- erected in Persia exclusively for vanced study. pelled to attend schools where the teaching of the sciences and atheism is preached, and they so it is a milestone in the de- "The harm of the missionary are taught to despise the faith of velopment of modern education schools is evident. These must their parents. Islamic marriages in this land. somehow be restricted. We ex- were declared illegal, and all pect the government will take wishing to be married must go Schools that Make Christians steps at least to limit the harm through a secular ceremony at done to our children." which a non-Moslem Soviet of- "Two Christians are on our ficial officiated. teaching staff," writes a Presby- -The Moslem World. terian missionary in Persia, Passports are refused to those "one of whom is in charge of re- Radio in a Mosque who wish to go on pilgrimages, ligious instruction in the first and fasting for religious r,easons four grades. The other, a more For the first time in Islamic is made a punishable offense. recent convert, has in times past history a radio microphone has been more of a problem than a been installed in a Turkish Christians and Jews are also help, but this year she has mosque–the Santa Sophia, one subjected to every conceivable shown such remarkable developof the most famous religious edi- form of indignity to make them ment in character that we look fices in Turkey. Mustapha forego their religion. to her as a strong future asset. Kemal has directed that the radio services be chanted from New Marriage Laws in Persia "A prominent Moslem ecclesithe newly adopted Turkish astic has been attacked bitterly Koran by twenty-five clergy- The following laws, passed by by a fellow Moslem for senumen. This is a notable depar- the Persian Parliament, con- ing his daughters to our school. ture from ancient custom in re- stitute the new law to be put into 'Don't you realjze they are foolligious service effected by the execution immediately: ing you? They are making progressive Turkish president Christians out of your children. this year. The Arabic Koran, Marriage shall not take place be- Is this worthy of a descendant always unintelligible to the lay- tween those who are not physically of the Prophet?' 'Well,' replied man, was replaced early in J an- fit to marry. the old father, 'perhaps. But at uary in some Istanbul mosque any rate the American School is by a Turkish translation. Penalty is imprisonment for from the only school in town that one year to three years. teaches my girls anything about The Soviet and Moslems in life.' " Turkestan If anybody deceives the one whom he or she wishes to marry, he or she INDIA AND BURMA The Statesman, Calcutta, In- will be imprisoned from six months dia, gives an account of religious to two years. An Ominous Situation persecutions carried on against the Mohammedans of Turke- Men who wish to marry shall in- Rioting in Delhi, disorders in stan. form the one in charge of ceremonies, Bengal, a Moslem split from the and those whom they want to marry, Hindu stand for independence Keen interest is being aroused about their previous wives. Deceit in and an uprising in Kashmir among North India Moslems by this matter is punishable by the above followed Gandhi's return to Inan influx into the Panjab and dia and his declaration that he Delhi of Moslems from Eastern mentioned punishment. Men shall support their wives. In case they refuse to give them food, clothing and shelter their wives may appeal to the courts.

A lady can use her own property without the permission of her hus- band.

A Moslem woman is forbidden to marry a non-Moslem man.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

would not flinch in sacrificing dred and fifty thousand a year, or a (11) Her greatest detestation the lives of a million people to steady unbroken addition of over and abhorrence is- (a) The purchase the liberty of India. twelve thousand every month of those who are publicly accepting Jesus Christian doctrine of God found- P rim e Minister MacDonald Christ as their Lord and Saviour. ed upon the life of the historic made a most outspoken statement concerning the Indian sit- Twenty years ago, the late Sir Christ. This is an offense to the Narayan Chandavarkar to I d philosophic Hindu, who holds uation, describing it as most de- Christian workers in India: plorable and denouncing Indian "The process of the conversion that eternal truth cannot be agitators in vigorous terms. He of India to Christ may not be based on an historical event. going on as rapidly as you hope, (b) The Christian doctrine of said that recent disorders on the nevertheless, I say, India is benorthwest frontier and in Ben- ing converted; the ideas that lie the Atonement is also a stumbgal did not represent a "baffled at the heart of the Gospel are ling bl?ck to Hindu thought, beand oppressed Indian struggling slowly, but surely, permeating cause It appears as a denial of every part of Hindu society, and the law o~ Karma whereby every to be "free," but "a mischievous modifying every phase of Hindu ~an receIves. the reward or punmovement trampling in its own thought." Ishment of hIS own actions. (c) self-will upon Indian progress." The idea of a suffering god is re- He was of the opinion that the There are veteran mission- pugnan! to. H~ndu thought, for people who had been working aries who say that if the politi- they thmk It mconceivable that cal questions now in turmoil are any ripple of emotion should dismany years for the enfranchise- successfully adjusted, so that ment of India must share in the the message of Jesus Christ is turb the serenity of eternal bliss. government's regret, and said no longer handicapped by the fact that He is so closely asso- College Not Boycotted . that every Indian who cares for ciated with Western ideas, the his motherland must see in these whole process of bringing India Rev. C. Herbert Rice, presi- to Him will go forward at an recent events the hand of a immensely accelerated pace. dent of Ewing Christian College spirit of mischief rather than Lahore, writes: ' that of a spirit of emancipation. An Array of Stumbling Blocks "I wish you could have been The arrest of Mr. Gandhi and A writer in The Indian Wit- ness offers a number of reasons here during the days of admis. other leaders of the Nationalist why India withholds allegiance Party, and the declaration by to Christ. sions to see the crowds of stuthe viceroy of a firm policy to (1) India has been hesitating dents seeking to be taken into maintain order, should lead In- because she thinks that if she acdians to seek a patient and cepts Christ she will have to ac- the college. It is haastatthisefacocltlioegn~ peaceful means of attaining cept Western civilization which at least, to know t self-government. she hates. (2) She has not wit- nessed the real life of Jesus in is not being boycotted after our His followers. (3) She proudly boasts of her past philosophy first year here! They swarmed intellectualism and ancestrai customs and traditions. (4) She all over the place, accompanied has been absorbing or assimilat- Encouragement from the Census ing and has lacked in elimina- by fathers, uncles, or guardians, tion. (5) Her method of accom- The official figures for the modation and the genius of ad- who came along to plead with dition. (6) From time immemonew government census will be rial India has been polytheistic the powers that be, to take in and now it is hard for her to be encouraging to those who are monotheistic. (7) Her pride in their sons. Many hundreds I the Vedas and the Rishis that making sacrifices for the spread she considers to be the oldest in should think-had to be turned the world. (8) Her imagination of Christianity. Although the has been fed purely on obscure away owing to lack of room and contemplation and mythological figures are not complete (Bur- deities. (9) She is satisfied with facilities. It is a strange sight a slight glimmering of God and mese Christians, Buddhists and is unwilling to witness fun effuI"" to see bearded fathers-some gence. (10) She judges Chris- Tribal Faiths are missing) the tianity through the British offi- ex-soldiers – actually weeping cers whom she calls despots. tabulation is as follows: tears, as they plead to have their Per Cent sons admitted, in spite of the 1931 1921 Increase verdict that 'there is absolutely Population tnhoismios rteherooonmly'!colTlehgeeywshaey~e'Bmuyt . . . . .• 352,986,876 318,942,480 10.6 Hindus 238,330,912 216,734,586 10 boy can get the moral training, Moslems 77,743,928 68,735,233 13.1 the excellent quality of scientific Sikhs .. 4,306,442 3,238,803 33 studies, and the personal atten- Christians 5,961,794 4,496,958 32.6 Jains .. 1,205,235 1,178,596 2 tion which I want him to have.

Parsees 106,973 101,778 5 I beseech you to let him in, for Jews. . . 20,984 21,778 you can do anything if you will!'

The Rev. J. F. Edwards, a Many had to be turned away, leading missionary, says: and we looked forward to the The figures mean that in a decade, day when we can accommodate when the increase in India's popula- more of these really earnest tion was unusually large, the rate of young fellows. As it is, we are increase in the number of Christians was more than three times the in- full to overflowing with about crease in the general population. The 650 here at the Intermediate increase of nearly a million and a half in ten years means nearly one hun- College, in addition to about 600 more in the High School on the

same campus-and more than resolution number five, the phrase, "A Christians in China to find a constitutional episcopate," is not used 100 advanced students are at the as a synonym for the historic epis- peaceful solution. The China University College Department." copate. Council promptly sent a sympa- thetic response. The Japanese Hopeful Signs in India India's Home Mission Society Fellowship of Reconciliation Rev. C. Stanley Vaughan The first organized mission- also communicated with the Felwrites from India: "We have a ary endeavor of the Anglo-In- lowship of Reconciliation in more hopeful outlook in the dian community is through the church. I have been in every Home Missionary Society. Its China. one of our local councils and objects are to help forward In- Japanese Christian leaders in have everywhere seen signs of dia's evangelization, and to progress. In one place a new promote the development of An- Tokyo called at the Foreign Ofcongregation is added, the fruit glo-Indian communities. Activof one of the Bates evangelists; ities sponsored by the society in- fice and on the political editors in another region, an effort is clude a Children's Home at and owners of leading newspabeing made to improve our vil- Coonoor where there are at pres- pers and requested editorials lage schools; in another an ent 39 destitute girls; Loan that would promote a friendly heroic response to the financial Scholarship Funds; a Magazine needs; in one the contributions Fund and evangelistic work settlement with China. A genof last year have been doubled. among non-Christians. It is eral meeting of Churchmen and To double their rupee contribu- hoped that a Boys' Home, simi- leaders in the peace organization'S means that they have quad- lar to the one for girls may soon rupled their contribution in be established. tion was also held in Tokyo, but grain and all sorts of farm produce." "Village of the New Day" the Japanese Government is evi- dently in control of the milita- An All-India United Church Ushagram in Bengali is an experiment in Methodist mis- rists. In the midst of the disturbed sions. It was begun in 1919 and The New York Times reported political situation, the move- represents a cooperative effort ment toward Christian unity in on the part of the Woman's For- that twenty-five Chinese and for- India is making progress and eign Society and the Board of eign Christian leaders, reprehas recently grown too large to Foreign Missions. It is an exbe limited to the formation of periment in human adjustments, senting all denominations of the a United Church of South India. an adaption of average possibili- Protestant churches in North ties to the business of living. Christian Church and including four Roman Catholics, partici- pated with General Chiang Kai- shek in one of the most unusual gatherings in the history of re- publican China when they con- ferred with him and joined in devotional services, praying for a settlement of the Manchurian dispute.

India have asked for a united Ushagram-"Village of the New Flood Affected 50,000,000 church for the entire country. Day"-is patterned on existing As a result, representatives of Indian villages, but introduces A map of the flooded regions features most essential to In- of China, part of which was the both north and south India met dia's future-the cooperative result of the aerial survey made in Nagpur in November and store, the savings bank, a water by Col. and Mrs. Lindbergh, system, cooperative industries shows that the total area of seriunanimously adopted a series of and cultural development. ously flooded regions is 34,000 resolutions to govern the future square miles, exclusive of lakes. Toward three ideals, the At least 8,000 square miles of writing of formal instruments workers in this "Village of the less seriously flooded areas have of union. These representa- New Day" are striving-Better not been indicated on the map. tives included Baptists, Quak- Homes, Better Villages, Better It is estimated that 50,000,000 Citizens. persons have been directly afers, W e s ley a n Methodists, fected, of whom millions are ut- American Methodists, members CHINA terly destitute., of the United Church of north- Oriental Attempts to Avert War The Nanking government ern India and the South India United Church and Anglicans, so that the importance of this achievement is clear. The cru- cial resolutions read: Christians in both China and asked leading medical schools in That, with regard to the type of Japan have made earnest efforts China to suspend their activities organization that may ultimately to promote a peaceful settlement for three months in order to reprove acceptable for a united church of the Far East controversy. The of India, this conference records its first move seems to have been lease their faculties and adopinion that this would be found taken by Mr. Ebisawa, secretary through the general adoption of a con- vanced students for work among the victims of the floods. . stitutional episcopate responsible to of the National Christian Coun- The present forces are not representative assemblies and synods, cil of Japan, who cabled at once in a form that would comprehend, so to the National Christian Coun- sufficient to cope with the giganfar as practicable, the advantages of tic task ahead of them. It is the the Episcopal, Presbyterian and Con- cil of China that Japanese Chris- conviction of Dr. J. Heng Liu gregational modes of government. In tians would cooperate with director of the Department of

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Hygiene and Sanitation, that the lieved of most of the possessions drew about 700 delegates repreexperience in such preventative they had with them. In Kansu, senting every province in China public health activity will be val- the Moslems have again been except one. At the same time uable both to staff and students. causing trouble in the north- a conference for Christian work- east of the province. They car- ers was being held in Soochow, New C. I. M. Headquarters ried out their threat and killed where the principal speaker was all the inhabitants they could Gen. Chang Tsi Kiang, prob- Last June dedicatory services find within thirteen miles of the ably the strongest Christian were held for the new head- city of Liangtang. On Septem- character in Chinese military quarters of the C. I. M. in ber 25 Miss Ivy Dix wrote that circles today, who has contrib- Shanghai. About three hundred the city of Hweihsien was at- uted about $10,000 toward the friends attended. The new build- tacked by brigands. The north- work of the American Bible Soing contains space for mission- ern section of the city, where ciety. aries, administrative headquar- the China Inland Mission premters, residential flats for the ises are situated, was the only He gave an impassioned apstaff, and hospital facilities. In part not looted. These incidents peal for the preaching of the addition there is a Chinese show how widespread banditry Gospel of salvation through chapel and a hostel for Chinese is, and how great is the need to Christ. The president of the guests. The old property had re-establish law and order college is an earnest Christian so increased in value since it throughout the country. and one of the graduates, who was built over forty years ago, plans to devote his life to Christhat the proceeds of its sale cov- -Ja'n'l.es Stark, Secretary of tian work, said that he did not ered the purchase of the greater the China Inland Mission. want any mission help because part of the new site and the he was a grown man with a erection of the main buildings. Hainan Anniversary good education and ought to be The Mission now has organized able to support himself. national centers in Great Bri- Hainan Mission celebrated the tain, the U. S. A., Canada and fiftieth anniversary of its be- Christian Martyrs Unafraid Australia, each with its auxili- ginning last autumn. It was in ary centers, in addition to eleven 1869 that a Danish sea captain Mr. and Mrs. R. W. Porteous Associate Mission centers in named Carl C. J eremiassen came of the China Inland Mission re- Germany, 'Switzerland, Sweden, to China to work for the Canton port the martyrdom of some Norway, Denmark and Finland. provincial authorities, pursuing Christians in one of their out- The Mission has also nearly pirates and smugglers. He came stations. When led out to be three hundred central stations in in contact with Christianity, executed, one of the leaders China. gave up his service with the called out to his brethren, "Don't government and started work as be afraid, I firmly believe that Bandit Activities in China an independent missionary in before the axe touches our necks Formosa. His experience there our spirits will be with the In Kiangsi bandit and com- showed him the need of medical Lord !" Some were offered life munist activity still prevents training, so he went to study un- if they would deny the Lord, but the reoccupation of our evac- der Dr. J. G. Kerr in Canton. they chose death. The remainuated stations. Miss H. M. His sea voyages having shown ing Christians in that outstation, Duncan, writing last November him the great need in the Island still occupied by the Reds, meet from Changshan in Chekiang of Hainan, he began to tell the secretly to worship God when- Province, just over the border message of his Lord and Mas- ever they can. Many other from northeast Kiangsi, says: ter, there alone, unaided except Christians in Kiangsi are living "The Red army is menacing the for his colporteur. Today the under the same conditions. station sixteen miles away. It Protestant churches of Hainan When Pastor Eo-yang wrote he is reported that the Reds are at- number n ear I y 5,000, with and five other brethren were tempting to get out of Kiangsi, churches, Sunday schools and starting out on an evangelistic where fighting, looting, and tak- hospitals. tour in an unevangelized secing captive is still their work. tion of the Yuanchow district. Owing to these conditions, and Encouraging Developments acting on the strong advice of Conditions in central and the Chinese, we are refraining The Rev. Charles W. Worth south Kiangsi Province are still from visiting these outstations." of the Southern Presbyterian far from satisfactory. Mission, Kiangyin, writes sever- In the province of Honan, Mr. al interesting and encouraging Traveling Christian Exhibit and Mrs. H. E. N. Ledgard 'have facts. Time was when all confound it necessary to retire to ferences were planned, led and During the past winter an ex- Yencheng owing to an attack by financed by missionaries, but hibit of books and posters on rebrigands on Shangtsai. In more and more the missionary ligious education and evangel- Shensi, Mr. and Mrs. W. J. has no other responsibility than ism to promote the Five-Year Michel, when traveling by boat, to attend, if he chooses. Recent- Movement has been shown in were held up by bandits and re- ly, a conference in 'Shanghai different cities, including Can- ton, Hangchow, Hankow and other important centers. The

exhibit is divided into twelve asm ran high, many regarding 11. There are problems of villages sections, and includes materials that meeting as the birthplace of with special clans or groups. on religious education in the the Japanese Student Christian home, the school and the church; movement. Since then every 12. There are frequent instances on religious art, religious pag- year has seen the crowd grow- where whole villages quarrel eantry and plays; church music, ing smaller, until this year in with other villages over the dithe thousand character move- Central Methodist Tabernacle vision of water rights. ment, Christian magazines, post- not more than 150 attended to ers and tracts. Wherever shown hear Dr. Yoshimune Abe, presi- 13. Occasionally we find traces of the exhibit has aroused keen in- dent of the National Y. M. C. A. old-fashioned sex customs beterest. Council, dean of Aoyama Theol- tween the young men and wom- ogical School. This marked de- en. JAPAN-CHOSEN cline in student interest in such a significant annual service is 14. The division of the population Youth and the Church causing leaders of youth in of the village into groups by Japan much serious thought. sex and age produces a pecu- The Christian Missionary liar atmosphere in the social Federation in Japan passed the The Rural-Social Problem life. following resolution regarding Youth and the C h r i s t ian The task of the religious 15. As a rule the social life is lack- Church: worker is the enlightenment of ing in all kinds of cultural fa- society. The religious worker cilities. Observing that large sections of the youth of Japan outside the Christian should take note of the social We do not agree with all the Church are turning to Communism in aspect of the rural probem. Dr. above points. After all the their eagerness for social reform, and Nasu has pointed out (in The greatest problems are moral and feeling that earnest effort should be Japanese Christian Quarterly) religious-in any community. made to bring them into contact with fifteen characteristics of the the church, we recommend: rural social p,roblem. A Prize Life of Christ 1. That, while repudiating their 1. It is difficult to make the The first life of Jesus of Nazmethods of violence and their mate- schemes for solving the social areth written by a Japanese on rialistic philosophy, we, as Christians, problem of a radical character. purely original lines has recentview these young people with sym- ly appeared. It won a prize of pathy; that we make special efforts to 2. Private ownership of the means Yen 500 in a competition open understand them and to appreciate of production is never abro- to all Japanese pastors and their zeal and self-sacrificing devo- gated. teachers, in which there were tion; that in so far as they are ready twelve contestants. The judges to labor and sacrifice on behalf of the 3. There are many quarrels rela- were unanimous in giving the victims of the present social order, tive to the means of production award. The author said: we recognize that they have qualities and conditions governing the which might well be turned into leasing of land, (the problem For a long time I yearned to give channels of Christian faith and serv- of tenancy). the Japanese the life of Jesus in their ice; that we make a serious attempt own tongue. Seventy years have to clarify the points of agreement and 4. Because of the involved nature passed since Protestantism came to disagreement between their theories of the class composition of the Japan, but I think that Christianity and practice and those of a Christian farm in Community population, is not truly Japan's own possession social order. there is no clear or deep rooted as long as they have to understand class-distinction. Jesus in terms of foreign thought. 2. That we endeavor to show so- They must have it through their own cially-minded youth that, instead of 5. When trouble breaks out, the mother-milk, the Japanese language, being" indifferent to the cause of the reaction to the quarrel perme- not merely translations. underprivileged and oppressed, which ates every aspect of daily life youth has championed, the church re- and spreads over the whole For a long time I was interested gards this as being in reality a part community. Moreover the na- only in the higher critical study of the of its own responsibility, which, ture of the struggle is more Bible, but latterly I have realized the through its prophets it has always emotional t han intellectual, need of evangelical earnestness, if the recognized, but as a whole has inade- which may lead to grave conse- Christian message is to win its way quately faced. quences. among our people.

3. That we seek to set forth more 6. The social movement is in gen- A Korean "Foreign" Missionary clearly to youth the challenge, ad- eral passive, and seeks immeventure and demand for heroic devo- iliate profit, so that it lacks The Women's Missionary Sotion, of Christian living and of loyalty permanence. ciety of the Korean Presbyterto Christ. ian Church met in September at 7. The pressure of the problem of Onseiri, amid the beautiful scen- Y Student Work in Decline over-p,opulation is felt without ery of the Diamond Mountains. having any connection with the There were about thirty dele- The Tokyo Student Christmas economic structure of society. gates, and as many others whose rally, held annually by the stu- zeal for the cause brought them dent departments of the Y. W. 8. There is an increase in extent as visitors. and the Y. M. C. A., was the of those regions where the masmallest last year since the cus- jority of the rural population Progress was shown in varitom of such a service was estab- are chronically half – unem- ous ways. Two new presbyterlished in 1925 when over 3,000 ployed. ials were admitted, making students were assembled in a eighteen in all. rented public hall and enthusi- 9. The problem of poverty, while it does not often take the form The climax of interest was which it does in the cities, is reached in the Dedication Serv- widespread and universal. ice of Miss Suno Kim, the first 10. To deal with the problem of rural labor special caution is required.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Korean woman ever appointed mand. The day before the Sunday School are being conas a foreign missionary. She is Lieutenant left, he said, "I have ducted. to go with Korean missionaries noticed how you need more -The Missionary Review of in China, to join in the work charts and how slow the present Australia. that has been carried on in process is and have decided that Shantung Province for almost if you will give me a sample of Roman Catholic Missions twenty years by three Korean just what you want, I will make It is reported that 163,615 them on better paper and will workers-46,174 priests, brothmissionaries under the General send you a thousand." Dr. Lau- ers and sisters and 117,441 lay Assembly of the Korean Presby- bach said, "Lieutenant, this auxiliaries, catechists, teachers, terian Church. means that we shall win. This doctors, nurses, etc.-constitute will be the most literate province the force of Roman Catholic The missionary elect was in the Philippines in five years missions for which the Society from now-and perhaps the of the Propagation of the Faith, brought up in a Christian home most literate in the world." the main mission-aid organizaand is a graduate of the Presby- tion of the Church, appeals for Missionary Society in Fiji terian Academy in Seoul, and of funds. a Bible training School in Yoko- For many years the Methodist The vast missionary work Church of Australia has conhama. The Board decided to ducted work in the Fiji Islands. throughout the world includes: begin home mission work among 45,826 churches and chapels; Koreans in Manchuria, and Yen 400 was set aside for that purpose.

Saving the Babies Rece~tly a Christian Society was 309 seminaries with 9,971 stu- formed in Suva with the object dents; 31,418 schools with 1,- The Baby Clinic of the Pres- of carrying on Christian work 521,710 pupils; 691 hospitals with 283,503 patients a year; byterian Hospital in Taiku, Ko- by East Indians. rea, was two years old in Feb- Mr. John Bairagi, an earnest 1,848 dispensaries with 11,066,- ruary, the first venture of its and well-educated young man, 749 patients a year; 1,525 orkind in a city of some 80,000 was appointed pastor of the In- phanages with 81,240 orphans; people. The staff is composed of dian Church in Suva. Great 299 homes for the aged with three Americans and six Kore- success followed Mr. Bairagi's 11,332 inmates; 81 leper asyans. Lectures to mothers are work and he gathered round him lums with 14,060 lepers; 134 given by a young Korean doctor, a fine body of Indian Christians. other philanthropic institutions who makes sure that instruc- Recently dissatisfaction, which with 9,966 inmates.

tions are understood. Literature it now appears had been New Britain Training Institution on the care of children is circu- smouldering for some time, lated. Undernourishment is a broke out. The chairman of the George Brown College, Vuproblem, for little is known of district had acquainted the nairima, New Britain, which artificial feeding and cow's milk, Board with some of the diffi- was officially opened in October, either fresh or evaporated, is culties that had arisen, and his 1930, is providing equipment for prohibitive in price for the aver- letter was followed by a long and carrying forward the work of age family. A food laboratory ably-drawn-up Memorial, signed the Methodist Mission of Auis in operation. About 400 ba- by thirty-four Indian Christians stralasia. Last year it began bies have been registered since in Suva. the clinic was opened. with 205 students. A school for The main contention of the students' wives supplements the Memorial is that an undue em- work of the college, and here ISLANDS OF THE SEA phasis has been placed, and an over 50 women with their fam- unduly large proportion of the ilies assemble to improve their Lieutenant Lends a Hand funds spent, upon educational talents. Another valuable ad- and medical work, and that the junct is the Girls' School, which Dr. Frank C. Laubach, a mis- evangelization effort has been must be held in the open air for sionary of the American Board, allowed to suffer and they are lac~ of a building. Last year 95 is finding the demand for liter- desirous of carrying out a more per cent of the maintenance ature among the Moros so great vigorous evangelistic campaign. fund was subscribed by natives that the printing pTess cannot Efforts have been made to who have very meager re- keep up with it. Lieutenant bring about a reconciliation and sources. Carleton, of the United States to retain these people within the -The Missionary Review of Army, was visiting Lanao not Methodist Church, but without Australasia.

long .ago and became deeply in- success. They have now defi- What Joni Did terested in watching Dr. Laubach nitely cut themselves adrift, teach the Moros to read by his converted a house into a place Joni Uluibau was born at special new method. Lieutenant of worship, and appointed an- Matuka in the Lau group of the Carleton saw the missionaries other pastor, while Mr. Bairagi Fiji Islands, was trained in a trying to make enough of the has opened a secondary school. mission school, and at the age of large charts to serve the de- Regular Sunday services and a 21 went with a pioneer mission

party to Bougainville in the Sol- Contributions for Protestant and Australasia. No report was omon Islands. After six years Missions received from Russia. Africa and Central America show slight of fruitful service he recently In America, including Cana- losses. The figures from Asia, returned to Fiji on his first fur- da, contributions to the cause of in view of disturbed political lough, hoping to go back with a foreign missions during 1929 in- conditions, are peculiarly grati- fying. In China the churches wife to teach girls to sew, cook creased considerably, but the are substantially holding their and clean. Much of the progress continental contributions fell off. own; from India almost every In Germany, Sweden, Switzer- district reports advance. made in that part of the Solomons has been due to his effort land, France and Finland there Three World Conferences was an increase, but not large and influence. He has trans- Three great world conferlated enough hymns and pas- enough to equalize the decrease ences have come to be associated sages of Scripture to make the in Belgium, Denmark and Hol- with the official life of the churches: Stockholm. Lausanne, first book in the Teop tongue. land. America contributes 55.5 Jerusalem. The three move- The Sydney Daily Telegraph, per cent, England 22.04 per cent, ments are of universal reach and definite significance. The after Joni had stopped in that and the Continent 9.3 per cent of first represents a developing city on his way home, told his the total gifts recorded. Sums world-federation of churches on the basis of a common "life and story under the title "What Joni contributed in 1929 were as fol- work," with special attention to Did as a Christian." lows: the social application of Christ's teachings; the second, an ap- Smiling and fuzzy-headed, with America ……………• $28,525,939 proach by way of theological dis- cussion to the possible organic dark brown eyes, and over six feet Great Britain ……….. 11,172,525 unity of thought in Christen- dom; the third, an organization high, Joni Uluibau is a living example South America.. . . .. …. 3,700,184 devoted to the world missionary problem and composed of the of the work that Christian missions Germany …..•……… 1,448,517 missionary societies of the West, together with the new churches have accomplished in the South Seas. Australia …………… 1,390,292 in the East.

The simple pride of J oni in his life- Sweden …………..•.. 1,247,745 Plans are under way for the next World Conference in 1935 work; his calm native dignity; his South Africa ……….. . 681,275 after the order of Stockholm, but probably to be held in Lonfriendliness; his patience as he Denmark …………… 528,472 don. A program committee under the leadership of Dr. Wilwrestles with the intricacies of Eng- Norway ..•..•………. 481,328 liam Adams Brown suggests as general themes for consideralish, make a picture that impresses Holland ……………. 473,958 tion: itself forcibly upon the mind. New Zealand ..•……. . . 471,782 1. A survey of the more important developments in the field of Christian "I go there first when quite young," Switzerllmd …………. 292,890 life and work which have taken place since the last conference, together said J oni, "and they are dirty. They France ……..•…..•.. 155,935 with an analysis of the problems and tasks which grew out of them. do not know. Oh, how dirty. The Finland ………….•.. 118,235 2. A consideration of ways in pigs are everywhere, the houses fall Belgium •…………•.. 4,633 which the churches may cooperate down. more effectively for the purpose of realizing the aims set forth in the "I say, in Fiji we keep the pigs in a Total …•..•…….. $50,693,710 Stockholm Message of 1925. fence. It is cleaner. Get rid of the pigs. , 3. A further exploration of the Baptist World Strength basic convictions and experiences "At first they laugh at me, but I which motivate and inspire Christian The Baptist World Alliance service, both in its individual and sotalk and talk. The chiefs listen; they reports December 31, 1931, the cial aspects, with a view to: following world totals (excludsay, 'Perhaps J oni's way is right.''' ing Russia) : (a) Deepening the religious life of the members of our churches, J oni alone tamed those savages, re- Church Sunday Members School (b) Clarifying their understanding built their houses, built pig-sties, and EUrope ……… 662,410 629,332 of the moral issues which con- Asia ……….. 389,575 169,587 front the Church and the world today two sons of Teop headhunters Africa . . . . . . . . . . 85,182 32,893 today, and America: are learning to. be teachers. North …….. 9,402,007 5,536,938 (c) Promoting a spirit of self- Central and sacrifice and consecration in MISCELLANEOUS NEWS West Indies … 70,020 59,599 facing them. South …….. 42,643 39,719 Mathematics in Religion Australia and New Zealand .. 37,378 48,962 Logically-minded folk will be interested in Margaret Seebach's Total ….. 10,689,215 6,517,030 "Equations of the World's Religions." The most encouraging feature of the report is that the totals Every religion has in it some great of Sunday School pupils show truth, some fine quality; but all except an advance in every continent. one have some deficiency. We may in- The largest numerical increase dicate them by minus and plus signs, is in North America and the and the answer to the equation gives largest proportionate increase in the result in character. Only one South America. Church memshows the plus sign. bership shows an advance of ap- proximately 80,000, of which the Islam=zeal for God-love for man larger part is in North America, =Intolerance. though there is also advance in Europe, Asia, South America Confucianism = morality-compassion=Coldness.

Hinduism=search for God-service to man=Selfishness.

Buddhism=resignation-aspiration =Pessimism.

Animism=belief in the unseentrust=Superstition.

Christianity=love to God+love to man=Service.

Missionary

Recent Boo~s Reviewed for the Readers' Information Karl Barth-Prophet of a New Chris- we must find a more sympathet- hand his intellectualism and lib- tianity. By Wilhelm Pauck. 228 pp. ic interpreter. $2. Harpers. New York. 1931. eral traditions make it difficult Barth's position on certain Karl Barth at the age of for- points is too cloudy and uncer- to dissociate himself completely ty-five is beyond doubt the most tain to permit his being numchallenging figure in contempo- bered among conservative theo- from certain assumptions of the rary theology. He has been for logians; but on most of the great more than a decade the center of essentials of Christianity his critical school: on the other his a remarkable religious move- testimony seems to have the ment in Germany and recently ring of true conviction. It is candid inquiry has brought him his dynamic personality and Barth~s evangelical outlook to teaching have seized the atten- which Professor Pauck objects. face to face with the tremendous tion of religious leaders through- Here are a few of his comments : out the world. Unfortunately, realities of Christ and the Scripfew of his writings have thus "Barth's limitations are twofar been made available to Eng- fold. He speaks too bluntly in tures. The latter influence, we lish readers and this volume, supernatural terms. . . . The characterized by the publishers other limitation of his thought is should say, is clearly in the asas a "penetrating analysis," will closely connected with this: it is awaken the keen anticipation of his staunch Biblicalism. . . . He cendant. H. R. M. a wide circle. Analysis is hard- finally even declares that the ly the proper term, however, to Virgin Birth is a necessary part Seeing South America. By John T. describe the method of this au- of the creed of the Christian Faris. 223 pp. $2.50. Revell. New thor; the book is actually a criti- Church…. Barth believes that York. 1931. cism of the so-called Barthian the only possible way of thinkteaching. The sub-title is also ing about God is the way taken It used to be quite the thing misleading, since Barth is by no by the men of the Bible." He to make a swing around South means the "Prophet of aNew sums up his opinion of Barth in America and write a book about Christianity." As this volume this language : "We cannot one's trip. Dr. Faris is the only abundantly proves, his funda- avoid the conclusion that he is one we know who has done it remental appeal is to the Christi- guilty of a strange self-decep- cently. In setting down the anity of the first century. tion when he insists on pointing usual information desired by to the immediate revelation of tourists, he has fortunately done Those who have read Barth's God which is concealed in the it in a sympathetic way, not in "The Word of God and the Word biblical testimony on Jesus the old critical spirit, which of Man," recently translated by Christ. He operates with a con- showed disgust with our south- Douglas Horton, will at once ception of revelation which is ern neighbors because they did sense the unbalanced character antiquated, outlived, unreal. It not have as many bath tubs and of some of these chapters; but is the old supernaturalism, the fast express trains as we in the they will, nevertheless, find an old belief in the miraculous inarresting psychological study in tervention of an otherwise North. the 'effort of an avowedly liberal worldly, superhuman, anthropo- The traveler who wishes to theologian to deal fairly with the morphic God, which haunts positions of another brilliant him." It is clear, of course, that know a little South American leader holding contrary views. Pauck is incapable of compre- history, a few statistics, some Much of the discussion moves in hending how a brilliant theologi- geography and a few sayings of the realm of a terminology an, so thoroughly informed on important people will find this which only those versed in the the whole history of criticism as volume of interest as a guide intricacies of speculative theol- Barth, could hold to a belief in book. But frankness compels ogy would be able to follow. As the supernatural. one to express wonder at the aulight takes on the hues of the thor's failure to check historical medium through which it passes, The reader of this book will statements, one of which, for exso it is evident, if we are to real- hardly escape the impression ample, incorrectly refers to the ly know and understand Barth, outstanding Argentine patriot, that with Barth an internal con- San Martin, as follows: "In flict is in progress. On the one Peru, Jose de San Martin heard of the efforts made by the patri- [189] ots to the South, and he made up his mind to go to their as- sistance!" As to travel, the statement is made: "Even if you have but a month at your dis- posal this is sufficient to make the enticing sail to Rio de Ja- neiro, Montevideo and Buenos

Aires." Just how is this to be of one writer. While we cannot the West have confined our ataccomplished, if one is to get agree with the writer of the in- tention largely to the spread of back home, since more than six troduction that "it is the most Christianity in the Roman Emweeks are required for a round valuable and comprehensive pire and in Europe, and have trip from New York to Buenos work on religious liberty in the gained no adequate conception Aires? last hundred years", neverthe- of the progress of the Gospel less it has excellent and extend- eastward, nor of the vast Nes- The absence of any discussion ed treatments of such widely di- torian Church which by the of the political, social, education- vergent topics as Apostles of eighth century stretched from al or religious questions, which Religious Freedom, Juridical Baghdad to Peking and as far are so important to any visitor and Moral Problems of Religious south as Ceylon. Dr. Stewart to South America today, tends to Freedom, a comparison of Bud- has made it possible for us to fill a lack of flavor and human in- dhism and Christianity, An An- in part this gap in our knowlterest. alysis of the work of St. Francis edge, and to feel something of of Assisi, Constitutional Studies the original warmth and enthu- The list of reference books is regarding the Position of the curious, for out of thirty lines Vatican, and a defense of the siasm of the missionary passion given to this list over half the Jews Against Persecution. of this ancient church. He says: lines are given to Darwin's "Voy,age of the Beagle," which A supplement of 200 pages From hundreds of monasteries all is out of print. The well known contains some 35 articles on over Persia and in central and eastern volume "EI Supremo" is put various phases of religious lib- Asia, there poured forth a constant down as referring to Uruguay erty by such outstanding author- stream of ascetics, men and women, instead of Paraguay. No book ities as Cavour, Louis Marshall who had completed their three years' on either Brazil or Argentina is and William H. Taft. Papers in probationary trainIng and now went mentioned and none by a Latin connection with the One Hun- forth in obedience to our Lord's com- American author. dred and Fiftieth anniversary of mand, seeking to carry the Gospel to the Constitutional Establish- the end of the earth or to found new What might have been a help- ment of Religious Liberty in the monasteries which in turn would be ful up-to-date travel book has United States give a splendid ac- training schools for future generations been limited in usefulness by a count of the early debates on the of devotees. Some of them became too hasty preparation. relations between Church and "solitaries" or "anchorites," giving State and the way this question themselves over mostly to prayer and S.G.r. has been gradually worked out intercession. . . . Others taking in this country. The relation of thetr lives in their hands went forth, God in Freedom-Studies in the Rela- the League of Nations to Reli- not knowing whither they went, but tion between Church and State. gious Liberty is also discussed. content to follow where God might By Luigi Luzzatti. $5. Macmillan. lead . . . supporting themselves New York. 1931. Dr. Luzzatti (1841-1927) was by the labor of their hands Dr subsist- an Italian Jew, whose studies led ing on roots and fruits or on the grass Luigi Luzzatti was one of the him into the closest sympathy of the field. They counted no trouble chief citizens of Italy during the with Christianity and gave him too great, no hardship too severe, as last half century. The one great a great advantage as a neutral long as they might share in the cause to which he devoted his su- student. His admiration for St. spreading abroad of the message of perior talents as a scholar and Francis is significant of his full salvation for all mankind. statesman may be epitomized in broad culture and noble soul. this principle: all human prog- They penetrated into almost ress and happiness are derived S.G.r. every part of Asia and were able from liberty of thought and con- to make converts and found science. Nestorian Missionary Enterprise-A Church on Fire. By John Stewart. churches and establish bishop- This volume contains much in- Map. 323 pp. Rs. 4. Christian Lit- ries everywhere they went. teresting material never before erature Society. Madras. 1931. pub lis h e d. Included in its The author uses freely the resketches of champions of reli- Many years as a missionary cently published studies of Dr. gious liberty are distinguished of the United Free Church of Mingana of Manchester and the representatives of the cause be- Scotland in South India, brought other principal sources. In his longing to India, Persia, China, the author of this volume into effort to give the reader all the Japan, the Ottoman Empire, and contact with the Syrian Christhe early Church Fathers as well tians. He became interested in known facts he has made some as its great exponents in Euro- the history of the great "Church of his pages rather heavy, and pean and American his tor y. of the East" (the Nestorian one wishes that much of this ma- Adequate treatment is also given Church) of which they are a terial might have been included to the movements for the separa- branch, and in this interesting in appendices. In many places, tion of State and Church in our volume he has made available however, the story is told in a own day in France, Scotland, for English readers the results very interesting fashion. There Wales, and other lands. of his studies. Most of us who are several inaccuracies in de- have studied church history in tails, such as, the statement that This is a kind of encyclopedia the tomb of Esther is in Tabriz, on the subject of religious free- and that the medical school of dom, except that it is the opinion Gondisapor was in the Punjab (it is in Persia). One is inclined to feel that, in his enthusiasm for the glorious past of the

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

Church of the East, Dr. Stewart that flow out to the mind of to- secular instruction is whether it has painted the picture of its is right to use missionary money character and achievements in day. Perhaps, therefore, there too vivid colors. But though the and Christian workers merely to Christians of Central Asia may are phases of thought and exnot have been as numerous or as teach arithmetic, geography, hisloyal as some of the records rep- pression which will be transi- tory, and similar subjects. It is resent them, still the fact re- true that the early church spent mains that the Nestorian Church tory. Perhaps there are some its time who II y in Christian was able to do what modern mis- preaching and teaching, wit h sions have not yet accomplished, enduring values and permanent some healing work. It is open to namely, to establish a living, question, however, whether misself-propagating church in al- notes lost for the time in the new sion work, if confined strictly to most every part of Asia. this apostolic method would pro- emphasis. How could it be oth- duce the per man e n t results The almost complete disap- sought in our complex modern pearance of this Church from erwise? But it would be hard to world. As a rule the Gospel of Asia some five hundred years Christ functions more effectiveago was due chiefly to persecu- find more glorious love of Christ ly in a cultured mind than in an tion, compromise with other re- ignorant one. ligions, and the Mongol invasion. or clearer recognition of His Dr. Stewart might have added It is generally conceded in the ignorance and corruption of glory and grace, His uniqueness missionary circles that Christian the clergy, as pictured in "Wil- evangelism should be the central liam Rubruck's Journey to Tar- and His sufficiency, His "alone- factor in all work on mission tary," and to the vast distances fields-whether through preachseparating the churches of the ness," His "absolute value." Dr. ing, class room activities, medi- Far East from their headquar- cal service, industrial work, or in ters in Mesopotamia. Buttrick knows that the Gospel the preparation of literature.

Two important f act s are is not a human aspiration or in- Missionaries deal not merely brought out in Dr. Stewart's with the ears of man but with book: (1) Many of the elements vention but "an eternal Gospel, their entire personalities. One in the non-Christian religions hundred years ago it was generwhich seem to resemble Chris- from everlasting to everlasting ally considered sufficient to protian ideas are really derived claim the good news of Christ; from Christianity, and can, in the overture of God to men in today we see how important it many instances, be traced back is to prepare the way for the to the time when the Nestorian Christ Jesus." "Jesus came Gospel and to train Christians Church was influential in India to assume responsibility of and the East. (2) When Chris- preaching." Dr. Buttrick sees leadership. The full message of tianity effected a compromise Christ must be applied in the with other religions in India and that the mission of the preacher classroom, the dispensary, the China, it ceased to be mission- today is to preach Jesus Christ, work shop, in social life, and in ary, and soon disappeared. The the home as well as in the fate of the Church of the East is and that no one will ever exhaust Church. a warning to all missionaries to lay a true foundation which this message or be able to do J.F. R. nothin!!, can overthrow. more than make a new attempt "Yes, But-" The Bankruptcy of W.M.M. Apologetics. By Willard L. Sperry. to open the riches of the glory Harper & Bros. New York. 185 Jesus Came Preaching. By George A. pp. $2.00. Buttrick. 8 vo. 239 pp. $2.50. of Christ to men. The lectures Scribners. New York. 1931. The title of the book is a clever are a fresh and sincere and able phrase coined by Johann Semler Those who heard the "Yale of Halle, who lived at the begin- Lectures on Preaching" for 1931 effort to set forth anew and for ning of the era of destructive and had heard many other lec- criticism of the G 0 s pel s. He tures in this famous series our time and especially for the feared the consequences for his thought that no lecturer had own faith. His type of mind permade a deeper impression than preachers in our time, the glory sists, and this book itself raises Dr. Buttrick since Sylvester questions but does not answer Horne. Dr. Buttrick, in trying of God as it shone in the face of them. The contents deal with reto speak to the mind of this day, ligion, theology, and truth, all of uses the vocabulary, the fashion Jesus Christ. R. E. S. which are considered as standof speech, the approach, the ing at the cross-roads. The auforms of statement and appeal Education and the Missionary Task. thor, who is Dean of the Theo- By a Mission Secretary. 33 pp. logical School at Harvard Uni- 6d. World Dominion Press. Lon- don. 1931.

This address, delivered at an annual conference in England, takes the position that we must get back to more direct evangel- ism in all missionary work. This is a world-wide issue and repre- sents a resurgence of feeling in some sections of the Church. Again and again evangelism has been stressed as the only way to win non-Christians to disciple- ship, and the only justification for soliciting funds for the sup- port of the work. Probably there would be a general agreement among the missionary-minded in putting evangelism first and, no doubt, it should be emphasized more than it has been. Mission- aries are sent forth to win dis- ciples to Christ by preaching the Gospel, and to build up a body of believers by gathering them into Christian churches.

The question raised regarding

versity, asks such questions as, the mingling with Hebrew re- tions, games, verses, stories and whence liberalism? whither lib- ligion of foreign s t rea m s of adventures offered in this ateralism? and what is the place thought, and especially of the tractive volume. The voyagers of Jesus in His own religion? speculations which had come in travel to Africa, India, the Med- The book contains frank and from Persia. It was due still iterranean I and s, Japan and courageous criticism, but its ten- more to the unfolding of great China, seeing strange sights, dency is against super-human ideas which had always been im- hearing new sounds, and becomreligion. The least satisfactory plicit in Hebrew religion itself." ing acquainted with children of chapter is the one dealing with The second part of the book, other races. The stories and the place of Jesus in Christian- d e a lin g specifically with the poems have no Christian tone or ity. e. g.: teaching of Jesus regarding the message. They have little mean- "Browning say s somewhere Kingdom, contains much that is ing and apparently no purpose that the acknowledgment of God excellent. Finally, the author except to amuse and awaken a in Christ solves for us all ques- traces the later development of sense of fellowship with children tions in the universe. That is a the kingdom and its mission in of other races. gross overstatement of the fact. the establishment of the church The acknowledgment of God in and the proclamation of a world- Escape. By Francesco Fausto Nitti. Christ may encourage us to place wide message. 8 vo. 267 pp. $2.50. Putnam. a particular interpretation upon S. M. Z. New York. 1931.

many of the processes of nature Charles Lewis Slattery. By Howard Opinions differ about Premier and history, but it simply does Chandler Robbins. 400 pp. $2.50. Mussolini. To some he is almost not answer countless questions Harpers. New York. 1931. a God; to others he is a demon. that the human mind must ask Francesco Fausto Nitti, the son and for which it must try to find As rector of Grace Protestant of a Methodist clergyman and an answer. I write down this the nephew of a former premier reversed doctrine of the divinity Episcopal Church, New York, of Italy, shares the latter opinof Christ, that God must be at ion. He entered the World War least as good as Jesus is, as too Bishop Slattery made a pro- when only fifteen. Later he bepatently apologetic and too com- came an ardent advocate of deplacently indifferent to the hon- found impression upon the re- mocracy and liberty. He was a est brain work of the world to be bank employee and student and of any permanent help." ligious life of that great city, was opposed to Mussolini's auto- cratic dictatorship and the forci- S. M.Z. and when Bishop Lawrence re- ble suppression of all opponents. He was not in politics but was The KingdOm of God in the New Tes- tired as Bishop of the Diocese of arrested and sentenced without tament. By Ernest F. Scott, D. D. hearing, trial or conviction to 197 pp. $1.75. Macmillan. New Massachusetts, Dr. Slattery was five years confinement in one of York. the many prison islands. After chosen as his successor. In this suffering many trials, indigni- This scholarly volume has only ties and inj ustices he, and two indirect bearing on the mission- wide field he showed gifts of companions, escaped from Liary enterprise. Its chief aim is pari, Italy'S "Devil's Island," to determine how Jesus con- leadership and qualities of and made their way to Paris. ceived of the Kingdom of God. The story of the experiences and The author, professor of New Christian character that won the the audacious flight for freedom Testament C r i tic ism in the is thrilling. The picture given Union Theological Seminary, ap- respect and affection of people of Mussolini and the reign of proaches the subject from the terror under his regime is that standpoint of liberal Christian- of all religious beliefs. He pub- of a ruthless machine that mows ity. He says, "Thus from the down all that opposes its progidea of J ahve as King of Israel lished more than a score of ress. Evidently there is no libarose that of the one God, who erty in Italy for those who are reigns over all nations and who books in the field of religion and not Fascisti. Mussolini is a powmade and governs the universe." erful autocrat who is determined He traces the historical back- biography, was fo:: many years to make Italy a powerful nation, ground of the conception of the but he rules by fear and force kingdom; emphasizes the influ- Chairman of the Church Conence on Jewish thought of Persian mythology and Rabbinical gress in the United States, Chairman of the Commission on the Revision of the Book of Com- mon Prayer, an Overseer of Harvard College, and a Trustee of Boston University, Andover, and Wellesley College.

Dr. Robbins has done much more than describe the external facts of Bishop Slattery's life.

His picture is that of a man with a genius for friendship, a devo- tion to his daily tasks, and an unaffected joyousness in living.

This kind of biography enriches the mental and spiritual life of the reader. A. J. B.

apocalyptic. Drawing the conclu- The Treasure Ship Sails East. IlIus. and not by love and justice. sion that "Jesus, then, fell heir 8 vo. 127 pp. $2. Macmillan. Many of the strongest, most into a conception which had passed New York. 1931. telligent, noblest Italians have through a long development in Boys and girls love adventure. been mercilessly imprisoned, the religion of Israel. . . . This Primary children will be at- banished or killed. The Fascisti development was partly due to tracted by the colorful illustra- need the Gospel of Christ.

Books Negroes of Afric:a–:.History and Cul-

ture. Maurice Delafasse. 313 pp. $3.15. Associated Publishers. Wash- Announcins I New Ind ~ to the FuIl.· Striking addresses ington. 1931. ThorouShly Reviled Edition of by John McNeill. 208 pp. 28., 6d. The Remaking of Man in Africa. J. The Progress of Pickering "Inglis. London. 1931. H. Oldham and B. D. Gibson. 84 The Centennial of the Western For- pp. 28., 6d. Oxford University eign Missionary Society. Edited by Press. London. 1931. World -Wide Missions James A. Kelso. 234 pp. Commit- Streams in the Desert. Mrs. Chas. E. tee of Pittsburgh Presbytery. Pitts- Cowman. 378 pp. $1.50. Oriental B, Ihe burgh. 1931. . Missionary Society. Los Angeles. Schoolgirls Together. Mrs. E. Weller. Rev. Robert HIli Glovw, M. D., F.R.G.S. Calendar-Jewish and Christian. The 18. China Inland Mission. Lon- Late S. B. Rohold. 110 pp. 40 don. 1931. Ho.e DIrector, Chlnelalencl MI…on cents. Mt. Carmel Bible School. A _preh..llye hlltory ad ….._ book Ihlt mould be In Ihe IIbr.., 01 "'err one Inl. . .eeI In .1…0…. A ……… ad • Hudson Taylor's Legacy. Marshall clllllle wrlllen b, • r..1.1"'0…, ……… Haifa. 1931. Curing the Inc u r a b I e. Winifred Bromhall. 167 pp. 28., 6d. China "For yed" there hdS been. growlns de…nd Combes. 35 pp. 6d. Church Mis- Inland Mission. London. 1931. for such d mlulon.ry text-book IS this. It Is an sionary Society. London. 1931. Under Seven Congo Kings. R. H. Indlspenwble work for dll deslrlns concl.c In- Carson Graham. 293 pp. 68. Carey formation on every PMse of mllSiolllry en- Chief Among the Brethren. Compiled Press. London. delYOr. It "/IRS true to the Gospel Mawsc," by H. Pickering. 223 pp. 38., 6d. -SUNDAY SCHOOL TIMES Pickering & Inglis. London. 1981. A Way of Escape. Raymond B. Fos- With Maps, Full Indices, Bibliography, Samuel Crowther of Nigeria. Jesse dick. 15 pp. Princeton University Etc., Octavo. 418 Pages, $2.50 Press. Prineeton. 1931. Page. 191 pp. 28. Pickering & RlY Long a Rlchlrd R. Smlth~ Inc. Inglis. London. 1931. Year Book of Miseions. 68 pp. 35c. The Christian Mission in Rural India. American Board of Commissioners 12 Eest 4hl Street. NC1II! YotIc Kenyon L. Butterfield. 160 pp. In- for Foreign Missions. Boston. 1931. ternational Missionary Council. New Persona' Items York. 1931. Annual Report of the Panjab Mission, Clever Country. Caroline Gardner. 158 1930-S1. Wesleyan Mission Press. Myscire. 1931.

pp. $1.50. Revell. New York. (Continued from Bd C01JM') 1931. Fanny Crosby. John Hawthorne. 64 pp. 18. Pickering" Inglis. Lon- Obituary Notes The Rev. James L. Kennedy, a mis- don. 1931. sionary of the Methodist Episcopal From Genesis to Revelation. S. Ridout. Mrs. J. J. Lucas, of India, for over Church, South, has rounded out a h81f . 261 pp. 28., 6d. Pickering" In- sixty years a missionary of the Amer- century of service in Brazil. His ican Presbyterian Church in India, range of activities includes that of glis. LondDn. 1931. died at the home of her son, Dr. E. J. evangelist, pastor, treasurer, schoo] His Bequest-The Believer's Riches in Lucas, in Lahore, on December 4th. president and author of A History of Her husband, Dr. J. J. Lucas, who Methodism in Brazil (in Portuguese). Trust. Norman B. Harrison. 48 survives, has had a similar long term pp. Art cover, 25 cents; gift edi- of service in India. Mrs. Lucas was … … … , tion, 40 cents. B. I. C. Assn. Chi- born in Vermont and in India served eago. 1931. successively in Mainpuri, Fatehgar, Dr. Kenyon L. Butterfield, who for How to Master the Bible. Martin Saharanpur and Allahabad. Since the past two years has served as coun- Anstey. 204 pp. 28., 6d. Picker- 1923, when they resigned after fifty selor on rural work for the inter- ing & Inglis. London. 1981. years of active service, Dr. and Mrs. national Missionary Council, and in Knowing the Bible. Raymond C. Knox. Lucas have lived in Landour, North that capacity has visij;ed India, China, 277 pp. $1.75. Macmillan. New India. Among their children, who call Korea and the Philippine Islands, has York. 1931. them blessed, are Dr. Wm. P. Lucas, been appointed for another year to .Missions in the Bible. J. B. Lawrence. of California; Mrs. Frances Hender- lecture and write. He plans to con- 186 pp. 75 cents, cloth; 50 eents, son of Ohio State University, and sult with mission boards regarding the paper. Southern Baptist Conven- Dr. Edmund D. Lucas, President of strengthening of rural work in mis- tion. Atlanta. 1932. Forman Christian College, Lahore. The Rural Mission of the Church in On her eightieth birthday Mrs. Lucas sion lands. … … … Eastern Asia. Kenyon L. Butter- took her first ride in an airplane at Beld. 222 pp. International Mission- Allahabad. The Rev. James W. Hawkes, on ary Council. New York. 1931. November 1, 1931, completed 50 years World Clock. A colored chart. Thomas of missionary service in Persia. He T. Smith. 25 cents each; $15 per is an outstanding scholar of Persian, 100. Thos. T. Smith. Marion, Ind. William Knowles Cooper, for twen- having assisted in a revision of the Missionary Heroines in Eastern Lands. ty years (1909-1929) the General Sec- Persian Bible, and is the author of a E. R. Pitman. 191 pp. 28. Pick- retary of the Y. M. C. A. in Wash- new Persian Bible Dictionary. ering & Inglis. London. 1931. ington, D. C., died at his home there … … … To Mother: Memory Blossoms. Caro- on January 19th at the age of sixty- four. Mr. Cooper was born in Phila- The Rev. Jesse M. Bader, D. D., is lyn Nicholson Payson. 48 pp. $1. delphia in 1867 and was at different the new Field Secretary for Evange- Wheelock Pub. Co. Boston. 1931. times secretary of the Y. M. C. A. Marches of the North. E. Alexander in Brooklyn, New York and in Spring- lism in the Federal Council of Powell. Illus. 311 pp. $4. Cen- Beld, Mass. He rendered valuable Churches. Dr. Bader's interest in tUry. New York. 1931. service on the Laymen's Council of evangelism has taken him to most of Missions Matching the Hour. Stephen Congregational Churches, with the the English-speaking world, including J. Corey. 184 pp. Cokesbury Press. Boy Scouts of America, the Federal Nashville. 1931. Council of Churches and other Chris- Great Britain, New Zealand and Aus- New Life Through God. Toyohiko tian organizations. tralia.· Kagawa. 210 pp. $1.50. Revell. … … … New York. 1931. Dr. W. T. Anderson, a veteran mis- Paterson of Hebron. W. Ewing. Illus. sionary of the United Presbyterian' The Rev. William S. Beard retired 2056 pp. 88., 6d. James Clarke " Mission in India, died January 21st February 1st as executive secretary at Sialkot, India. Mr. Anderson was of the Commission on Missions of o. London. preparing to return to America when the Congregational and Christian 'Jlae Pilgrim Church. E. H. Broad- he was called "home." Churches. In the last twelve years Mr. Beard has directed campaigns !urst. 406 pp. 78., 6d. Pickering which have collected large sums for ur; Inglis. London. 1931. foreign missions.

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The Missionary Review of the World — July 1931

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156 Fifth Avenue. New York READ THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor SOME ARTICLES IN THE JULY NUMBER: Theodor N5ldeke and Eduard Sachau …… Duncan B. Macdonald A Persian Apostle: Benjamin Badal ……. ' ,J. Christy Wilson The Fear of God in the Koran ,Frank Hugh Foster The Pre-Ottoman Conquest of Asia-Minor. , . ,Lee Vrooman Luther's Attitude Toward Islam , ,Gottfried Simon The Chams of French Indo-China, (with map) America in the Cairo Press , ,A. C. Hanna Can a Moslem Translate the Koran? ,E. E. Elder ,W. G. Shellabear ··<lI,===SUBSCRIBE TODAY===~·· Address THE MOSLEM WORLD 156 Fifth Avenue New York City Single copies, 50c.; Annual Subscription, $2.00; in Combination with the REVIEW, $3.50.

MARSHALL, MORGAN & SCOTT, 12 Paternoster Buildings. London In Great Britain, Eight Shillings, net PleasE' mflntJon THE MrSS]ONARY. REVlEW OP THE 'YORLD in writ1ng to advertisprs. MISSIONARY PERSONALS REVIEW OF THE WORLD MISS MARTHA BERRY, Director of the Berry School for Mountain Children, at HELAYAN L. I'JEnSON, Rditor Mt. Berry, Ga., received the medal of honor from the Town Hall Club for CONTENTS-July, 1931 "achieving an accomplishment of lasting merit." Seven thousand children have al- Puye ready been graduated from the school and there are now 2,000 on the waiting THE HTIW(HlLI,] OF KOlUJAN CJlRIS- list to enter.

'l'IA.NR . . . . . . . . . . . . IIRIWEUT E . .BLAIR 4~5 ** .A. FOltVARD BTliJP IN BHAZIL …… . DR, W. J. MCGLOTHLIN was reelected • • • . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. C. r.L'll(~l{J):lU. 4V2 president of the Southern Baptist Con- vention at its recent meeting in Birming- CAN TilE POOl( IlIC ClIHISTIANS'1 ," ham, Ala. •• " . " . , . " " . , . "PAUL W, IlARltISON -iU3 *** TOHIIlIKO KAGAWA-J AI' AN]j] S ill DR. G. L. KIEFFER has recently been AI'OWI'LB TO '!'IlE l'O()]t ""', .. , .. appointed to Dr. Henry K. Carroll's posi- " " " " " " " " " " "I!. W. MEYERS 501 tion as statistician for the churches of America. A NtlW AIJygN'rUIUO WITH CHRIST •..••••••.••••••••• PAUL J. BU.USTED 507 ** STltAW:'; IX 'rUE MU,SIONAltY WIND MISS BLANCHE NICHOLA, former dean · . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LOIS ,T, ELDER 50!) of Berea College, has been elected direc- tor of specific work for the Board of Na- tional Missions of the Presbyterian .A "SCHOUI~ Ob' fl'I[J;] lIItOI'UliJT:5" IN Church, U. S. A., succeeding Miss M• Nl!~W ZliJALAND .. . ……..•. 513 Josephine Petrie, retired. For many years Miss Nichola has been engaged in SHALL CHltIS'l'IANS LWl' 'l'lIE JICWS missionary work among industrial and ALONE'~ EIliTOHU.L . ' [jl(j foreign-speaking groups.

A NOTABLE ImIHU<JW CHRISTIAN- PRESIDENT W . * * W:HI< ITE, of the Bib- Tj[~J STOltY O~' SABE'l'I ll, ItOllOLll W .

· . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . V. il. CHUTSTIFJ 510 lical Seminary in New York, celebrated TOl'ICS OF TIlE TIMFJS •…. ' 1122 in April the 30th anniversary of the '''Pht) Nurm3 oj ~1li88'io'1t8'J founding of his institution.

Colll'!}c GORpd ']'eams ttl" Asia REV. JOHN R. *SCO*TFO*RD is the newly j)('[JctHlcilt Independent M18,5!'iOUS elected editorial secretary of the Com- [.r.i tile BHjlc Out oj Date? mission of Missions of the Congrega- ~m'rIiODS FOn WORKERS . . . . . . . . . • . tional National Council. Part of his . . • . . EDITED BY MRS. lJ'. I. .JOHNSUN 526 work is to carryon the associate editor- W(HIAI'S HOME AND FOIttJIGN llUL- ship of the American Missionary num- LETIK ……….. , ..•…•………. 5R2 bers of the Congregationalist.

WORLD·WIDE OUTLOOK ……..•..•• U38 MISS NOltI SHI*MOM* UR*A, an American- IlOOKS WOIt'l'lI RI~ADING •..•…..••• 554 born Japanese girl from Portland, has been adjudged by a faculty committee at 'L'EHMS.-$2,50 a year, ($2.00 in clubs uf Oregon State College (4,000 students) "to approach most nearly an ideal of infive.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, tellect and spirituality, and to have ex- 25 cents. Published. monthly. Copyrighted, erted the most Wholesome influence upon 1931, by lIrssION ..t,.RY REVIEW IJUBI.ISIIlNG COM- her associates." Miss Shimomura has been active in campus Christian circles. PANY, INC. All rigbts reserved. MRS. F. 1. JOHN*SO*N, E*ditor of the Best 'I'lIE MISSIONARY REVIBW PUBLISHING Methods Department, when in Siam last COMPANY, INC. March, had an audience in Bangkok with ROBERT E. SPEER, President Prince Damrong, chief adviser of King 'VILLIAM 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President Prajadhipok. Mrs. Johnson is now on her way back to America. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary VAI~TER .McDOUGALl" Treasurer * * >1= Publication Office, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, DR. ERIC M. NORTH, Secretary of the American Bible Society, recently re- Pa. 25c a COllY. $2,50 Ii year. turned from Great Britain where he has EditorIal and Business Office, 156 Fifth Avenue, been on business relating to the distribu- New York City tion of the Scriptures in other lands.

Entered fiS Second-clnss matter at the Post *** Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March MR. JOHN L. GOHEEN, principal of the a, 1879. Sangli Industrial and Agricultural School of the Presbyterian Western In- dia Mission, has been made an adviser of the Native State of Ichalkaranji. In EMPRESS" this capacity Mr. Goheen is to exercise general supervision over all departments Largest and Fastest of state; principally public works, education registration, municipality, medi- OD the Paeilie . .. ,,'a cine, Ichalkaranji Bank and Cooperative Credit Societies. Honolulu or Speedway *** MISS KATHARINE TRISTRAM, at work in Japan under the C. M. S. for forty-two years, has been awarded the Blue Ribbon Distinguished Service Medal by the Emperor, in recognition of effort for the cause of education and social uplift.

DR. NORTHCOTE* D"ECK*, long a worker in the Solomon Islands, has accepted an invitation to join the Council of the China Inland Mission in Great Britain.

MR. BASIL MA"THE"WS*, recently one of Now, transatlantic the Secretaries of the World Y. M. C. A. at Geneva, and now attached to the per- sonal staff of Dr. John R. Mott of the International Missionary Council, has agreed to become Professor of Missions at Boston University for four months each year. Mr. Mathews' new work will be closely related to the Faculty of Theology and the Faculty of Religious Education, and also to the Newton Theologi- cal Seminary. .,. .,. .,.

THE REV. J. HARRY CoTTON, D.D., pas- size and speed on the Pacific! The White EmpresB tor of the Broad Street Presbyterian Church, Columbus, Ohio, is to deliver Heet comprises the largest, fastest liners to the the Joseph Cook lectures in the Far East, September, 1931, to March, 1932. Orient. / Dr. Cotton is to lecture in Syria, Persia, India, Siam, China, Korea, and Japan. Two Empress routes! Via Honolulu, the huge Empress of Canada and the new 23-knot Em- press of Japan, 26,000 tons gross, 39,000 tons Christians from" other*lands who expect displacement, connecting at Honolulu, if you to attend conferences in America this sail from Los Angeles or San Francisco. Via Summer: the Speedway Express, direct to Yokohama, Empress of Russia and Empress of Asia. Both TOYOKIHO KAGAWA, the outstanding routes from Vancouver and Victoria.

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Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THill WORLD in writing to advertisers. CHURCH, PYENGYANG KOREANS MAKING OFFFlRINGS 1'0 SPIRITS AT A WAYSIDE DFlMON RTIRINFJ OLD AND NEW FORMS OF WORSHIP IN CHOSEN

LIV. No. 7 July

THE STRUGGLE OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS BY THE REV. HERBERT E. BLAIR, D.D., Taiku, Korea Missionary oj the Presbyterian Church j U. 8. A.

W HEN Japan annexed Korea Japan is proud of her great Prov- in 1910, she did away with ince of Chosen. She aspires to rule the political name of the the land better than America rules country, "Taikau," and officially the Philippines or Britain, India. named the province "Chosen,"-a Law making and enforcement are beautiful old name used by the peo- efficient. The courts are generally pIe themselves and meaning "morn- enlightened, if not always free ing calm." Missionaries, merchants from administrative dominance. In and writers still use the name Ko- spite of resurgent Korean patriotrea, the name so familiar to West- ism and resentment, expressed in ern peoples. occasional independence move- ments, Korea has been, de-facto, a The change of name is less im- part of the Japanese Empire now portant than the deeper changes for twenty years. that have come about since Japan annexed the country. The first of This political situation has afthese changes was political. Dis- fected the Christian movement in regarding questions of Japan's Korea profoundly. It has put a rights or Korea's deserts, there is new fibre into these characters. no question but that Japan has From a simple, rural, religious given a new, efficient, stimulating, community, feeding on Christian peace compelling administration. teachings alone, the Korean Church The Chosen administration is the has been tossed by surging tides of center of the Japanese imperial ad- political feeling. Patriotism and vance upon the Continent. The religion have been intimately asnew government is without the con- sociated at times and many have sent of the governed. Taxation is suffered imprisonment. The stress without representation and is very and strife have resulted in awakenheavy. The subject people have ing the Christian community to an only a minor, employed, participa- intelligent, liberty loving citizention in the less important official ship, which, if justly ruled, may bepositions. come a valuable element within the Japanese Empire, or, if oppressed, If Japan is to rule Korea at all, may eventually lead in some strugshe must keep a firm hand on the gle for national independence. The machinery of government. Peace advance has been from dependence must be preserved or Japan must upon paternalistic favor to a will go. The country must be advanced.

485

to win justice on the basis of law lion Koreans are, perhaps, prosand right. pering, eighteen millions are caught between higher standards Commercially the Japanese have of living and the breakdown of made Korea a new country. Trans- ancient trades and loss of lands. portation facilities center in the Eighty per cent of the Koreans, Government Railway which runs mostly farmers, are in hopeless up and twice across the Peninsula. poverty, and the galling conditions Government auto bus lines connect of changing life cause them great large stations with coast ports. distress. The upper ten per cent, Passenger and freight traffic has through usury, control of transbeen greatly extended. Banking portation, foreign commerce, and and commercial facilities and mod- the wholesale business, take a deadern public utilities have been de- ening toll from the helpless poor. veloped in a decade. Fine cities with modern buildings, water, Christian work in Korea is suflight and transportation are grow- fering because of financial difficuling up. Silk and cotton mills, to- ties. There are a few prosperous bacco factories, machine shops, and business men among Christians, esother new industries have come. pecially in the north. In Pyeng- The Japanese postal system is a yang some can even challenge Japmarvel. Daily papers, the moving anese business leadership. There is pictures and even the radio are be- one law for all, but those who join coming common. Western clothing, hands with Japanese business men medicine, machinery, books, ath- will naturally prosper, whereas letics-all are taking hold of Ko- Christians who keep the Sabbath, rea. The Japanese school system, do not use liquor nor share in no:J.- set to make all Korean children Christian business practices cannot loyal citizens of Japan, gives prom- take advantage of the present comise of great future blessing to the mercial system in Korea. With nation. The Japanese, through splendid exceptions, the newly government control and commer- prosperous tenth of Korea is almost cial enterprise, have brought in universally non-Christian, in fact most of this advancement and they non-religious. Integrity, industry and the Koreans who are close to and personal character will finally them have profited by their enter- win, but the great mass of Korean prise. But the nation is the real Christians, thus far, are farmers gainer. and financially they are at the mercy of a political, commercial Damaging Influences and agricultural control that is crushing them. With new life and Yet the picture is not all bright. ambition which Christian faith There are damaging influences alone gives men, they find their which intensify the degradation of limitations exasperating. The Kothe old pagan life. Narcotics, in- rean Church has been self-supportcreased liquor traffic, licensed pros- ing from the beginning. But today, titution, gambling on the rice except in the cities, poverty is so market, crushing taxation, and po- real in face of higher taxes and litical oppression tend to destroy living costs that pastors' and teachwhat was best in the old life. Larg- ers' salaries are not being paid, er incomes and higher standards of funds for church support are lackliving are for the rulers and those who cooperate with them. If a mil-

THE STRUGGLE OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS

ing, tuition fees for children are prosperous homes, schools and impossible, and the struggle for churches. food and clothing grows desperate. Hundreds give up hope of even The intellectual life of Korea has making a living off the "acre and a also undergone great changes. AIhalf" which they have on the aver- ways fundamentally Confucian with age been allowed to farm, and an added sympathetic Buddhistic either migrate to the cities or to mysticism, the Korean scholar China or Siberia. As a result down the ages has been a proud country churches weaken while Pharisee. As the churchmen of Lucity churches ilourish. ther's day lived in two languages, so the Korean scholars were mas- Christian cooperation is being ters of both Chinese and Korean. tried in many places. Agriculture The Koreans are a remarkably in- OLD TIME RELIGION IN CHOSEN-DEVIL POWl'S ON 'l'IlE HIGHWAY is being studied as never before. telligent, scholarly inclined race. The missions and the Y. M. C. A. The rulers were scholars; the farmare joining hands in taking agri- ers toiled and obeyed. Today the cultural information to the Chris- old Chinese classics are largely tian community as an emergency crowded out of the Japanese conmeasure, but as yet inadequate trolled schools. Instead of two funds limit this help. It is inter- languages, the young Korean scholesting to watch the Korea mission ar must be efficient in three lanforces, ever intent upon preaching guages. Instead of the old Conthe Gospel and the evangelistic fucian maxims committed as a rule training of the Christian commu- of life, a wild jumble of Western nity, turning their attention now to science, Japanese political ethics, the great question of helping that mathematics and vocational sub- Christian community escape de- jects are taught. The old Confucian stroying poverty so that a prosper- scholar is neglected and the modern ous people may be able to maintain school boy is quite a tyrant. West-

• STUDENTS AT CHAPEL SERVICE IN CHOSEN CHIUSTIAN COLLEGE, SEOUL ern books, newspapers, the movies inquirers. They want to know if and numerous magazines fill the Christianity can really solve their present-day mind of Korea with all problem when it commands them to the maze of Western world life and pray for the King, obey the powers thought. The old standards are that be, and turn the other cheek.

gone, except in old rural districts They do not see much hope for the where the classical tradition still great eighty per cent of the poor maintains. In the cities Japanese tenant farmers of Japan, China or law and Christian teachings are Korea ever attaining adequate liv- setting the new standards. Chris- ing conditions or political liberty tian men have a large influence in without a revolution.

some of the Korean newspapers Another factor tends to. under- and these papers are dictating the mine evangelical faith. Western new life. The movies are having a science is wide open before all the tremendous influence on the young students. The Government text- mind of Korea. American life as books are modern, for Japanese seen on the screen is setting a new scholars have gone to the extreme pace for the Orient. The young peo- in keeping up with Western think- ple of the Christian community are ing. Naturally agnostic from Con- not backward in these ideas. fucian influences, the Koreans have There is another intellectual a whole broadside of Spencerian stream pouring into Korea from agnosticism, materialistic mechan- the north. Political refugees flee ism, and anti-Christian propaganda to Siberia and these send and bring continually raining down about back Bolshevik ideas. There is them from Japanese sources.

doubtless an organized unity of ef- In the young Christian Church, fort uniting socialistic Japanese, these intellectual currents make Korean and Chinese with Russian life interesting for the plain old leaders who are only too eager to Korean pastors as they shepherd spread their communistic doctrines. their flocks. For example, Pastor The Korean jails are full of young Yum, of the Taiku West Church, Socialists at times, and among ·has about 1,500 adherents to his these some Christian students often organization. Most of them are are found. In our church work we poor and from the more ignorant occasionally meet youns- socialistic a~riculturallife of the community.

THE STRUGGLE OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS

They have been Christian for well-educated generation of pastors years. They can read and know must immediately work in with their Bibles well. They are hard these older faithful servants of God working, honest, faithful Chris- or turmoil will arise. But just at tians of the older generation. But this time, when the church schools there is also a group in this large should be doing their best work in church composed of college gradu- furnishing ample younger leaders, ates, teachers in the schools of poverty within the church and Govhigher learning, doctors from the ernment regulations have almost hospitals, business men, several overthrown the mission schools. hundred students and the progres- For several years, Korea missionsive element of the younger Chris- aries have been crying out despertian community. Pastor Yum has ately for financial help for educathe impossible task of preaching tional work to meet this very crisis. regularly to this congregation com- The schools have not all been saved posed of these two distinct ele- yet, and the chief appeal from Koments, riding two horses at once. rea today is for money for equip- His training amply qualifies him to ment and buildings which will enminister to the larger, older body able the mission schools to receive of his congregation, but the young- official designation as qualified er, progressive group, full of ideas schools so that their graduates can from the ends ·of the earth, tempted be granted standard diplomas. The with wild ideas from Russia, alert completion and maintenance of an to every failure to appreciate mod- adequate force of younger, well ern scientific knowledge as they equipped ministers for their wonhave gotten it in Japanese schools, derful Church is the most urgent is somewhat beyond him. task before the Korean Church to- day. All over Korea there are similar churches. This situation constitutes The evidences of God's direct a crisis for everyone of these older working in the midst of the turmoil pastors and a crisis for the whole and destruction of ancient Korea, Korean Church, for the younger, creating out of the best of the old DR. AVISION, PRESIDEN'£, AND THE NEW CHOSEN CHRIS'l'IAN COLLEGE At tbe lett are Mrs. PiersoIl and Rev. and Mrs. W. J. Anderson

Orientiallife, and Christianity, one awakened the nation to a new life purnew life in the body of the Church pose. The infusion of Christian ideals of Korea, are clear and inspiring. gave to it a new birth . . . The per- As Luther gave the Germans the sistently active minority have already Bible in their own tongue and re- made themselves felt among their nonmade Germany, the Bible Society Christian neighbors. The rebirth of a has given the Koreans the Word of nation in the heart of the Orient, the God in their own language in a rousing to new leadership of a people beautiful translation. This Bible once spiritual leaders in the Far East, has become the foundation of the who, through the fire of a new zeal new life of the great Christian com- are impelled to proclaim to others munity of Korea with its churches their new faith, is the story of Chrisand schools. Wherever among the tian expansion in Korea. nations that Bible has gone, the great teachings concerning God Dr. Paik's faith that "to the reand His loving control of the world generated Christian community the He created, the theistic conception future belongs" in his country, may of the universe, have set men free be better grounded than he realizes. and led them to an enlightened civi- It was only a few months ago that lization and ·power. The words of an unnamed writer in the New that Book, which have become the York Times gave it as his opinion daily meat of multitudes of Korean that Christianity had already atlives, have given a new moral sys- tained predominant influence retem to the world-sin as a personal ligiously in Korea. Out of the 20,- offence before God, truth as coming 000,000 Koreans, not more than from God, righteousness as the law 500,000, or one in forty, at the of God-these illuminated by the highest estimate can be regarded as Holy Spirit have brought repe)lt- really Christians. Nevertheless, if ance to Korea. Never did the Spirit hopeful, living, influential religion of God convict men of sin, of right- is meant, we may rightly regard eousness and of judgment more Christianity as the most vital repowerfully than in Korea. All Ko- ligion in Korea today. Just how rea, in fact all the world, has seen wide an influence Christianity also this and righteousness has a new has upon the multitudes who seem witness. to have no religious habits, it would be vain to guess. But the forty-six Professor L. George Paik, Ph.D., years of Evangelical Christian acin the final paragraph of his "His- tivity in Korea have been a large tory of Protestant Missions in Ko- factor in changing the mental and rea," sums up his conclusions as spiritual horizons of the whole nato conditions in his native land to- tion. day as follows: The Gospel of Grace that the Ko- When Korea was opened to the West, rean Church has found in the Bible, the greatest change wrought in the which centers in a Saviour able to life of the people was the introduction save them and all men, has filled of Christianity. Evangelical Christi- their lives with new hope and joy anity entered the country when it was and has inspired them to go out still an independent nation . . . An- to spread the Glad Tidings and to nexation in 1910 was only the culmi- reach helping hands of mercy and nation of the long processes of decay kindness to those about them peroriginating before the opening of the ishing with their ancient temples country. The intercourse of the West

THE STRUGGLE OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS

and hopeless religions. The glad profound witness to the Faith. songs of their great Sabbath con- The convictions that God is creatgregations, the power of their ing a Church for His own purposes Gospel preaching, the efficient in Korea fills the heart with wonder organization of their nation-wide and confidence. There are grave Sunday-schools, their home and problems, there are breakdowns foreign mission work, their gen- and heartaches, but they are not erous enthusiasm for better church the rule. The Korean Church is a buildings, their longing to educate glorious miracle of God's grace, their children, their loving com- full of promise and life in the midst munity fellowship all exhibit a di- of the present Oriental Renaisvine origin and control and are a sance.

.It WOMEN 'S SUNDAY-SCnOOL GA'l'HERING A'l' A COUNTRY CJIAPI~L , PYENGYANG THE SINGING OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS NOTHING stirred us more deeply in Korea than the singing of the Chris- tians. The voices were not melodious and they did not always keep the key, but the singing plainly expressed the aspirations of a fervent and genuine experience. Those Koreans sing as they pray- with all their hearts. Unfamiliar as the language is, a visitor is thrilled by the exultant ring of a living, joyous faith. The mud walls and the dark faces and all the strange surround- ings fade from view and one feels that he is no longer among strangers but in the household of Christian faith and love.

I have journeyed far and, have seen many places and peoples, but there still lives to my vision the humble chapels on those Korean hills, with worship- ping Koreans sitting oriental fashion on the fioor and I still seem to hear the unison of those eager voices as they sing; then follows the reverent petition of their leader as he prays for us all, while the white-robed worshippers bow with their faces to the fioor. ARTHUR J. BROWN.

A FORWARD STEP IN

BY DR. H. C. TUCKER, Rio de Janerio, Brazil Agent of the American mble Saciety T HE Protestant Pastors' As- of the Church's mission in the sociations in Rio de Janeiro world.

and Sao Paulo, Brazil, held Emphasis was also placed on the an important Evangelical Congress great need for more thoroughly April 30th to May 4th to discuss equipped native preachers, teachevangelism, Christian literature, ers and lay workers in all branches social service and training of lead- of church life. The need for apoloers. Three sessions a day were getic literature was stressed.

held in each of four leading On the last evening an audience churches, Presbyterian, Methodist, of a thousand or more filled the Congregationalist and Baptist. A auditorium of the new Baptist Methodist layman, former Gover- church, and the time was devoted nor of one of the States of the Re- to three-minute testimonies from public and member of the Federal members. Senate, Dr: Nestor Gomes, was elected President. The attendance This Congress was a striking, of the enrolled members and visi- concrete proof of the new contors varied from one hundred to sciousness springing up in the one thousand. young Church in Brazil. The rising Church on the field passes out of The twenty-five well-written the sphere of missionary control. papers, voluntarily presented by The various bra n c h e s of the Brazilian Christians, covered fif- Church realize more clearly the teen topics and presented a sug- need for cooperation in delivering gestive cross section of Brazilian to their fellow countrymen indievangelical thought. The six larg- vidually the message of the living est evangelical denominations in Christ and in making the impact Brazil were represented in the of the Gospel felt on the whole executive committee, the member- social and economic order of the ship, the authorship of papers, and in the discussions. Thus the Con- nation. gress represented the denomina- The best of the papers pretional elements of evangelical Christianity in the Republic. sented and the findings of the com- missions and the choicest of the Evangelism and the Gospel Mes- impressions given of the Congress sage were given first place on the would make a volume of great program and were emphasized as value to the Christian community of prime importance. There are in- and to many outside church circles, dications of an awakening interest if funds are available for their in real evangelism. The findings publication. One of the greatest on Social Service reveal a clearer obstacles to the intellectual life of comprehension of the principles the young Church is the lack of and message of the Gospel, and evangelical literature to win men the duty of the Church to society. to Christ and His way of life and The salvation of the individual was to enrich the spiritual life and given preeminence in the program build character in the Church.

492

THE POOR BE CHRISTIANS?

BY PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., Muscat, Arabia Missionary of the Reformed Church in America T HE effort to satisfy and quiet We live in a world that is poor one's own conscience by con- and not rich. If I could take you fessing other people's sins is to Muscat you would see real pov- a favorite amusement the world erty in the hospital where I have over. We who reckon ourselves been working for the past two as of the conservative wing of years. How many beds do we have present-day Christianity are espe- in that hospital? None! The pa- cially guilty in that particular. I tients sleep on the floor. That have often heard the faults of need not excite our pity unreason- "modernists" discussed by conserv- ably for they do not know what a atives, but I do not recollect hear- bed is like. But of two hundred ing conservatives discuss the faults in-patients last year, not one had a of conservatives. It would be very mattress an inch thick under his . easy to say, why we are convinced body. They lay on those ha:rd that the extreme "modernist" has stones with nothing under them as little to contribute to the success of thick as my coat. Most of them lie foreign missions, but the pathetic on a little piece of cloth about as thing is that conservative evangeli- thick as your pocket handkerchief.

cal missionary forces seem to ac- They have not financial resources complish so little. The mission enough to put anything soft under fields are full of earnest evangeli- them. They have neyer had any- cal, conservative men, and we need thing soft in their life anywhere.

to consider how we can improve What do they eat? They scarcely the quality of our service, and eat anything. If a physiologist whether perhaps we do not need came from one of the American to understand more perfectly the universities and lived in Muscat he will of God, rather than castigate would need to revise his minimum our brethren who we think under- standards of living. He would stand it even less well than we. find that people can exist on less Consider what is the evangelical food than he supposed was possi- position in missionary work. We ble. Those Arabs come with their might mention three elements: resistance to disease so far reduced first, that we preach a message by chronic starvation that a tiny from God which is found in Christ; scratch on a man's ankle will grow second, that that message is ca- into an enormous ulcer three pable of producing repentance to- inches in diameter, in spite of all ward God and faith toward our I can do to stop that dangerous Lord Jesus Christ; third, that process. That man has not had this faith results in eternal life for enough to eat for ten years, be- any who accept it. That seems to cause that section of Arabia has be the merest platitude. As a mat- not had a normal rainfall for ten ter of fact, it is not a platitude. years. As a result the wells have • 'j'he second lecture tlelivered at Princeton dried up and the date gardens have Seminary in If'ebruary, 1931. died. The people who lived in that 493

district have moved away, some to desert, you would see a type of Zanzibar and some to Muscat. poverty equally severe. Here is a Some have died where they were, Bedouin tent made of black goat's and the country has become poorer hair. What furniture has it inside?

and poorer. When those men have It has three sticks crossed, with a a slight attack of diarrhea, a few skin basin on top, two or three days later they are taken out and water skins, and a battered, miser- buried. That is the chief cause for able-looking coffee pot. Over in mortality in the Muscat hospital. one corner there are one or two When men's resistance is so far re- quilts. They used to be red but duced from chronic starvation they now they are dirt color. They are simply cannot stand up against any only ragged pieces of wadded cot- type of infection. ton; that is all there is left. In Why do not these men keep a that tent lives a man and his wife little cleaner? They cannot keep and probably one child or two of clean. "Let them go and buy a the half dozen that have been born piece of soap in the bazaar for five there. Everyone of them is a pic- cents." They cannot buy a piece ture of marasmus and emaciation.

of soap in the bazaar for five You can count their ribs as far as cents. They have not the money. you cali see them. Those two chil- .

What does this man eat? Per- dren have lived because they were haps he had something to eat to- a little bit tougher than the half day because he picked up a little a dozen that died.

work in the bazaar. He carried This poverty is not confined to four or five sacks of rice from one Arabia. In India you would find shop to another and earned three a very large section of the popula- or four annas (5 or ten cents) so tion almost as poor as that. When he bought a piece of bread and a I first visited India I remember handful of dates. He may have sitting in the office of one of our had something to eat yesterday, missionaries who had charge of too, but the day before yesterday an industrial plant, and super- he did not, and he does not know vised the village work. Two In- whether or not he will have any- dian villagers came in. They were thing to eat tomorrow. He cannot outcastes, dusty and dejected, and go down and buy five cents worth as thin as matches. They stood of soap. there, wearing no clothes except a The community is so poor that loin cloth. The weight of all the it cannot be healthy. In Muscat, troubles of the world .seemed to where I work, most of the babies rest on their shoulders.

die. There is a good deal of tuber- This is the condition of the ma- culosis. There are all kinds of dirt jority of people with whom the and filth. Those men carry around missionary enterprise is concerned.

a large, well inhabited and prosper- That picture of poverty might ap- ous city in their hair and in their ply to large sections of the popula- clothes and in their bedding. The tion of China, of Persia, of Turkey, reason is the povert,,- of those peo- and of Africa. Missionaries work ple. What would you do if you among people that are poor, as a could not have a piece of soap all rule, not among those that are year long. rich. In Arabia the people are If I were to take you into the desperately and terribly poor.

CAN THE POOR BE CHRISTIANS?

Probably seventy-five per cent of among whom the m iss ion a I' y the missionary work in the past works. We must therefore adapt has been among the poor. our message and our work to meet This poverty is not a passing this situation.

condition. In Arabia the poverty What problem does that raise in is not due to the inefficient use of regard to the missionary enter- natural resources. We get, on the prise? Look at these people as average, one inch of rain a year in they lie on the floor in the Muscat the Arabian peninsula. That one Hospital. They cannot read and inch of rain governs the economic: they cannot write. They are dirty.

status of those people. It has not That man has not had a bath for changed since the days of Abra- six months, and his head is full of ham. If the Lord wills He can lice and his clothes the same. It is change it, as the Arab would almost impossible for him to be say, but He has not willed it for anything else. Can a man who is two thousand years, and there is too poor to keep clean be a Chris- no indication that He is going to tian? Can that Bedouin woman will it in the near future. If arte- out there in the desert that has to sian wells could be dug and pro- wash her hair in camel's urine be duce lots of water, the country a Christian? Is it possible for would be transformed, but it is not Christ to put radiant, eternal life likely that will happen. If oil is into the hearts of people who are discovered, it will be a different as poor as that? To my mind that country, but it is not probable. If is about the most serious problem physicists find some way to trans- that the evangelical missionary form sunlight into electrical energy enterprise faces today. Is it pos- then Arabia may some day become sible for such a man and such a the power house of the world, but I woman to be Christians?

do not suppose that will happen The Outcaste Villagers either. Arabia will some day be- come a Christian nation, or at Look at that outcaste Indian vil- least we will have a glorious Chris- lager. He does not read; he does tian church, but the country will not write; he works as a scaven- be as poor as it is now. ger or for a landowner. He has no When those Arabs become ear- clothes except a loin cloth, and per- nest Christians, the women of the haps an old cloak. He and his wife desert will still have to wash their and three or four children live in a hair in camel's urine, because there single room with a mud floor and is no water for that purpose. one little window, and a door. Can Babies would still die for lack of a family that lives that way be a suitable food because there is no Christian family?

suitable food there. The men I said to one of the leading mis- will look like gaunt, walking sionaries in South India, "Look at skeletons with a little skin on the this poverty around here."

outside, because there will prob- "Yes," he said, "but when a man ably be no more food to fatten them becomes a Christian, we educate after they are Christians than him and train him and get him into there is now. a better economic stratum than he The first picture I want you to was in before."

see is the extreme poverty of those The problem is this: can those

men be Christians in their present keep your temper." The Indian economic status'/ In Arabia, at does not think so.

any rate, when we have thousands The church in the East will be of Christians they will still be poor. oriental in its viewpoint and inef- Their economic status can not be ficient in the way it does its work.

raised very much by becoming If we say, "If a man cannot keep Christians. It must be possible to clean he cannot be a Christian be- have a church that is dirty; a cause cleanliness is an essential church membership that does not part of godliness," then at one get a bath once in three months on breath we have admitted that Hin- the average. Their hair is full of duism and Mohammedanism are undesirable citizens, because they religions better adapted to ninety cannot get soap and water. per cent of the people of India and Moreover, these Christians can- Arabia than is Christianity. We not read nor write and from your have admitted that Mohammed and standpoint and mine, their actions Krishna offer a better message for are childish and oriental. "What those people than Christ. do we mean by that '/" Here is an The average missionary will say, "Of course we will educate Indian who is working for a mis- those people." That is true. The sionary. Both are Christians. The mass movement in India creates a Indian is guilty of petty dishon- tremendous need for education. esty. Perhaps he told a lie and We take a low caste convert and took ten cents that did not belong by main force set him in an eleto him. The missionary lost his vated economic stratum, because, temper and scolded him. Later the according to the average run of missionary hears himself under missionary thought, he cannot be discussion, and the man who has a good Christian otherwise. Our been scolded says, "Now look at missionary educational institutions this. Just now the missionary are based on the belief that the caught me in a small fault. I had Christian community must be edutaken ten cents and I denied it. cated and that it cannot remain Then he lost his temper and scolded Christian otherwise. This means me. Now he thinks that he is a that their economic status must be Christian and I am not." raised if they are to be Christians.

To the Oriental, stealing ten Christ and the Poor cents is wrong and telling a lie is wrong, but it is not half as wrong This seems to be a departure as losing your temper. In the list from the will of God as represented of the fruits of the Spirit the sec- in the example of Christ, because ond place of importance, namely, Christ did not find much in com- the end of the list, is given to the mon with the rich. He threw His virtue of "self-control," but the vir- lot in with the poor. He said, tue of telling the truth has no place "Blessed are ye poor for yours is in that list of Christian virtues. the kingdom of God." I do not The fruit of the Spirit is love and suppose the poor people in Galilee joy and peace and long suffering, were clean then any more than they and it ends up with self-control. are clean now. Jesus said, "It is You say. "It is surely more impor- easier for a camel to go through tant to tell the truth than it is to the eye of a needle than for a rich

CAN THE POOR BE CHR.ISTIANS?

man to enter into the kingdom of church will appear as a result.

God." You and I would reverse What kind of a church? A church that and say, "It is easier for a that is to be made up of poor peo- camel to go through the eye of a ple, dirty people, people who can- needle than for a very poor man to not take baths, who smell bad, illit- enter into the kingdom of God." erate people who do not know much See how poor he is and how filthy about this world, who cannot read his house is and look how dirty he any newspaper—-childishly orien- is! How can he be a Christian? tal people. That is the way they That seems to be the meaning of look to us, though I do not suppose our present mission policy. there are any childish Orientals in We send out college trained mis- Christ's mind. But the vision be- sionaries and book-selling colpor- fore our eyes is a dirty church, an teurs and we organize schools and illiterate church, a childishly colleges for the education of the oriental church, and at the same converts. Whom do college trained time a church radiant with the missionaries most easily work eternal life of God Himself. Just among? Why of course among as certain as we gather in the college bred Arabs, only there are poor, as Christ wants us to, as none as yet.. They can find college Christ Himself attempted to do, trained Indians, and can work the church inevitably is going to among the most educated that a answer in a general way to that particular community contains. description.

I believe our mission in Arabia This raises at least two problems has a higher standard of language for us who are Christians, espe- attainment than any other with cially those whom God calls into which I am acquainted, yet I do not missionary work.

think that we have one missionary The first problem is the type of who is able to present the Gospel church we will try to produce. Will intelligibly to the wholly illiterate we try to reach the poor, the ninety classes. We present the Gospel to per cent of the population? Will men of education and refinement we try to reach the whole of the and travel because it is easier for people? Have we a faith in the for a camel to go through a needle's universality of Christ? Can eye than for a poor man to enter Christ save those who are poor, into the kingdom of God. We do the ninety per cent in India and not even know how those poor Arabia? Have we faith enough men's minds work, so we center to believe that this is possible?

attention upon those who are rich. The second problem is that of If, indeed, we gather in any poor, presenting the Christian message then we try to make them rich so to such men. I wish that you could that they can stay Christians. That see the simplicity and power of the is our present lack of faith. Mohammedan presentation to a What Kind of a Church ~ new community. Their creed is condensed into the simple words: ?I'

Now turn to what I regard as "There is no God but Allah."

the true vision which must be be- Babies are sung to sleep with that fore us when we undertake mission- creed before they know their ary work. We go out to the Orient right hand from their left. As to win disciples to Christ and the sailors work in Arabia and pull the 2

sails back and forth, they chant I doubt if there was a college grad- this creed; when laborers carry uate among them. I am rather their great burdens through the ashamed to think that I could sit bazaar, they chant this creed. through that service and not even When a sick man is ready to die, a say "Halleluiah" or "Thank the friend turns him on his side so that Lord." Those people were gaining he faces Mecca and leans over and by that kind of religious expres- shouts in his ear "Ashed," (Bear sion, reinforcement of their Chris- witness). That dying man, as he tian faith; and they were going out draws his last breath says: "There to be earnest and effective Chris- is no God but Allah." Then he tians in New York City.

tUrns over to die. Why might not poor people in The power of Mohammedanism Arabia and India be appealed to rests to no small degree in the more effectively by that type of simplicity and directness of its im- presentation? In Arabia, in the pact on the human mind. It has no days of the Mohammedan new year complexities. It is a simple Chris- celebration, I could show you some- tian message that we want; a mes- thing very significant. We have sage that is as direct and as two kinds of Mohammedanism- positive as' that. To carry out to the orthodox, geometrical, hyper- primitive and poor people the com- Calvinistic type – Sunniism – plexities ot" theological controversy where the sovereignty of God is is as intelligent as to take those emphasized to the obliteration of complexities to a class of six-year- everything else. We also have a old Sunday School children. We heretical development of Shiism need to teach them as we would there which resembles the Roman children – Who made you? God. Catholic Church in many ways. It Who saved you? Christ. A mes- has an elaborate ritual and a com- sage out there as positive and plicated system of saints. Ortho- simple as the Mohammedan mes- dox Mohammedanism is as color- sage. less emotionally as the stiffest What emotional coloring do poor Presbyterianism, whereas the more unlettered people like the world ritualistic Shiism is as emotional over? We conservative Christians as the Pentecostal church.

are too provincial. How many of At New Year in Arabia you will you have ever made it a point to see a tremendous procession and watch other types of religious ex- they have a theatrical representa- pression? In New York, not far tion of the sufferings of their from the Pennsylvania Station, saints, Ali and Hasan and Husain.

there is a Pentecostal church. If Here is a float with children dressed you would like new light on some in black and all crying most piteous- of these problems, attend the ly for water. Here is the corpse of a young people's service. You will sheep. His head is struck off just have a new sensation. The little before the procession starts and room is crowded with two hundred, the blood spurts out over a distance nearly all young people. When a of six, seven, or eight feet for the man leads in prayer, he has to first thirty or forty feet of the pro- shout to be heard, because their cession. A whole company of type of religious expression is very sword dancers dress themselves in vociferous. They are poor people. immaculate white robes and then

CAN THE POOR BE CHRISTIANS?

cut their foreheads with swords of an iceberg, has suffered defeat. as they march. Blood runs down That ought to be a lesson for us. all over those white clothes and What those people want is a relithey are a gory-looking mess. gion with an emotional outlet. The thing that would interest you That is a very unwelcome type of is the reaction of the thousands of doctrine to most missionaries of people who look on. They weep the Reformed Church. and sob, and during that week of celebrations there is an emotional Missionaries Who Weep outlet which surpasses anything I have ever seen. Throughout the What sort of a presentation of whole year they have readings the Gospel should we have? We about once a week where the same want some missionaries out there thing is done in a smaller way. I who can weep when they preach used to sit in an upstairs room in about Christ. That is a type of the house, that served us for a hos- missionary that we need added to pital in Katif, and watch them in the missionary force today. The the courtyard below. A man sits Indians weep easily. Why should upon a high, elevated chair, and he we insist upon committing the misreads in a lOUd voice. The men sit sionary enterprise to stoics who around and outside is a ring of have lost nine tenths of that women in black. They all sob and mobile, flexible sympathy that weep for half an hour. When the makes a religious message attracemotional outlet has been adequate, tive? Why should not men weep the service stops and it breaks up when they tell about Christ's sufwith handshaking and greetings. fering? The poverty-stricken peo- ple we work with out there are ap- In Arabia there is a steady drift pealed to by that presentation. from the orthodox Mohammedan- Why was it that Methodism swept ism of the desert, that geometrical America? It was not because of Calvinistic Sunniism that is the its stoical self-control! We need foundation of Islam, into the camp to learn from the past. of this ritualistic, highly emotional religion. There is no drift the What, then, are the implications other way. Wherever the two va- of an evangelical missionary enterrieties of religion co-exist, the la- prise? They are, first of all, a mesboring people and the artisians and sage suited to men that are poor the poor are Shiites, held by the and not to men who are rich, to emotional, ritualistic religion. The men who are illiterate rather than landowners and the ruling families to men who are educated, to men are generally the orthodox Sunnis. who are dirty rather than to men That means that the cheap, emo- who are clean, and an emotional tional faith of Ali, the Shiah rather than a stoical presentation, gospel, has won victory after and the vision of a church radiant victory over the orthodox, cold- with eternal life but oriental and blooded, philosophical Mohamme- different from ourselves. danism. There are millions of Shiites out there now. The Gospel That is going to take faith on of Christ is incredibly superior our part, and for those of us who from every point of view but, look forward to participating in dressed up in the emotional clothes the missionary enterprise it is go- ing to take preparation of a type different from what is taught in

the seminaries. You and I are en- from the notion that it depends gaged in carrying the Gospel not upon financial status and rememto a few but to everyone; we be- ber that Christ has His greatest lieve in the universality of Christ, love and His deepest interest in and we must 'become somewhat the poor. Therefore, we must have universal ourselves. It is our pro- our deepest interest and our greatvincialism that we must struggle est love for those that are poor. If against. We have clipped the mes- we do that, the missionary entersage down into our own measure, prise will be different, but it will and we must expand it to the meas- be according to the mind of Christ ure of Christ. We must free it and, therefore, it will be better.

"IF"-FOR MISSIONARIES "If you can hear God's call, when those about you Are urging other calls and claims on you: If you can trust your Lord when others doubt you, Certain that He will guide in all you do: If you can keep your purpose with clear vision, Bear lack of sympathy, yet sympathize With those who fail to understand your mission Glimpsing His world task through your Master's eyes, "If you can work in harmony with others Yet never lose your own distinctive aim, Mindful that ever among Christian brothers Methods and plans are often not the same: If you can see your cherished plans defeated And tactfully and bravely hold your peace, Nor be embittered when unfairly treated Praying that love and good-will may increase.

"If you can trust to native Christian brethren The church you've built in lands across the sea, Seeing in them, as your growing children Promises of the men that are to be: If you can lead these eager weak beginners By methods indirect, your life, your prayer, For failures and mistakes not judge as sinners, But make their growth in grace your earnest care.

"If you can share with the humblest folk your virtue: If noble souls are richer for your touch; If neither slights nor adoration hurt you, 'If all men count with you, but none too much': If you can fill your most discouraged minute 'With sixty seconds' worth of patience true; Yours is the task, with all the challenge in it, You'll be a missionary-through and through." -Evelyn H. Wal,ntsley. Nanking, China. (With apologies to Rudyard Kipling.)

KAGAWA-JAPANESE

TO THE POOR* BY THE REV. H. W. MEYERS, D.D., Kobe, Japan Missionary of the Prcsbytcriflln Ohurch, South, 189"1 M ANY people have tried to de- up by relatives in the adjoining scribe Kagawa by compar- island of Shikoku. Here he went ing him with St. Francis, through the primary schools, and with Gandhi, or Sundar Singh, at the age of thirteen he came to with Gompers, or Origen, or with live with a wealthy uncle in the city some medieval mystic or fiery mod- of Tokushima, entering the middle ern evangelist. But Kagawa is dif- ferent; you must construct a brand new pigeonhole if you expect to fit him into it, and after you have fin- o ished, as likely as not, you will find him sitting on the outside. You can describe him as a poet, a novelist, an economist,a philosopher, a Christian socialist, a philanthro- pist,a statesman, a labor-leader, a mystic, a pastor, an evangelist, or a modern saint. And when you have said all this, I still wonder if the pigeonhole is big enough to hold your man.

Kagawa first saw the light and raised his voice in protest against the indignities and discomforts of this wicked world in July, 1889, and he has been protesting with a good deal of effectiveness ever since. His family was old and wealthy, but his father had lost heavily in specUlation on the rice market, and had turned to an ex- press company fOir his living. The standard of strict monogamy was school one year below the legal age rarely maintained among the upper limit. He inherited a good mind, a classes in Japan forty years ago, frail body, a legacy of wealth and and young Kagawa's mother was success, and a tradition of decidednot his father's legal wife. In such ly lax morals. His was not the encases the child was commonly vironment from which one would adopted, especially where the legal expect to find a great moral leader. wife-as in this case-had no children. So Toyohiko was adopted by My first contact with Toyohiko his father and sent to be brought was in the home of Mr. Katayama, a Christian teacher of English in a *From lVorld Dominion, London. middle school, who called on the 501

little fellow to show his proficiency posterous, and could not be con- in English by reciting the story of sidered seriously. Among young how Kate rescued a train from de- Toyohiko's many excellent qualities struction in a midnight storm. might be counted an exceedingly Toyohiko's first touch with Chris- hard head, and the family failed tianity came through Mr. Kata- utterly to make him move an inch yama, and through an English from his decision. At last his uncle Bible class; his keenness for Eng- told him that if he wanted to throw lish insured his regular attendance his life away in any such manner, at the class. One Sunday he ar- he could get out of the house. They rived at my home in a state of great would have nothing more to do excitement, and began to sob as he with him! And so he was turned tried to tell me what was the mat- out of his home without a penny. ter. He had just read the story of A very few years later he came the Cross of Christ, and, like the back to Tokushima as the guest of the city, and was greeted with an Apostle Paul, the love of Christ arch of triumph, and fireworks, as constrained him. That Sunday was the city's most distinguished citithe turning point in his life. A zen! few months later he was baptized, and from the'first he was intensely What was it that lead this boy of eighteen to give up the life of ease active in the Sunday-school and in and success that his family planned all the work of the church. His for him? What has inspired all the whole nature responded to the ap- great renunciations through the peals of Christian love, sympathy and purity. Though still a mere ages, from Moses to Saul of Tarsus, and on down to Francis of Assisi, boy, he was always ready to take and Charrington's renunciation of part in the church services or in the brewery millions in our own street meetings. time? We can only say that it was the call of God and a vision of serv- The next crisis in Kagawa's life ice. came at his graduation from the middle school, when the question of That first summer was spent in his further study and life work my home, and for two months we arose. He had graduated third in were together constantly, teaching, his class of a hundred and fifty, and the only reason he failed to lead preaching, visiting and making bithe class was that he had been read- cycle tours through the country. In ing omnivorously outside the cur- the autumn he was sent to Meiji riculum. His teachers and family Gakuin, a Christian college in Torecognized that he had a brilliant kyo, where, after some vicissitudes, mind, and they expected him to he was graduated two years later.

acquire fame and fortune in public The next step was his theological life. Imagine their indignation and education in the seminary in Kobe, disgust when he announced his de- which was interrupted by an attack cision to become a Christian min- of tuberculosis and an enforced ister! His uncle had been mayor year at the seaside. During this of the city and a member of the year, spent among the fisher folk House of Peers. His father had held of Gamagori, in a hut that he rent- an office corresponding to a cabinet ed for fifty cents a month, Kagawa minister. This idea of becoming a learned two great lessons that have Christian minister was simply pre- helped to shape his after life. More

TOYOHIKO KAGAWA-JAPANESE APOSTLE TO THE POOR

than once he came face to face with to live in one of those six-foot death, and learned that for him it rooms in the slums? Some of his had no terrors. His whole after life people were hungering for a better has been spent with the conscious- life, and there was not one spot ness that he has "crossed the death- where they could be free from the line," as he expressed it. The other temptation and evil about them.

great lesson that he learned was to We felt that he would not live three know and love the poor people months if he went to the slums, among whom he lived. He wrote where the death rate was six times their letters, taught their children, the rate in healthy parts of the sympathized with them in their city. But he went, and spent nine troubles, and learned the details of years witnessing for Christ among the family skeletons that were to be outcasts, lepers, beggars, gamblers, found in almost every home. thieves and murderers. And this In his last year in the seminary was a young aristocrat, brought his health was better, but he was up in the home of a millionaire!

still far from well. Kagawa had As his work and influence grew, been going down every afternoon the first room soon became too to the Shinakawa slums and small to hold those who came to preaching to the crowds on the him, so a second and a third room street corners. In this section is were rented, and the partitions be- the famous-or infamous-Htwo- tween them were pulled down, mat" district, in which there are making a fair-sized assembly room.

hundreds of one-roomed houses, Sympathetic friends felt that it each room six feet square, contain- was a privilege to have a part in ing two of the three-by-six-foot such a work, and gifts amounting mats found in all Japanese houses. to a considerable sum were sent to These houses face upon alleys three him by Japanese as well as foreign- to six feet wide, that are filthy be- ers. But for a long time Kagawa yond description. Sometimes fam- lived on about a dollar and a half ilies of five or six persons are found of American money a month, giv- living in one of these tiny houses in ing away many times this sum to which babies are born, invalids the poor and suffering about him.

languish and the sick die, all in In the cold weather he would give crowded confusion. Naturally most away all his clothes except what he of the inhabitants of this human was actually wearing. In order to rabbit warren are the very poor, make it possible to get his clothes the unemployed, the sick and the washed he kept an extra suit at criminal. What chance has a girl my home where he could not give it or boy in such surroundings to away, and we made him come up grow up clean and healthy? and have a change once a week.

Kagawa preached on the street Kagawa's day in the slums usual- corners to jailbirds, gamblers, ly began at six in the morning with prostitutes and drunkards. His a preaching service on the streets, words brought many to conviction at a spot where the laborers gath- and tears, and they would beg him ered before going out for the day's to help them to live a better life. work. This was followed, by a What could we in the seminary do round of visits to the sick, giving when he came asking permission to financial aid to as many as pos- leave the dormitory, and go down sible. He conducted and financed

scores of funerals. He took in all was old man Maruyama, perhaps who asked for a place to sleep until the laziest mortal that ever existed.

there was no more space on his Out of the goodness of his heart floors, and occasionally one of his Kagawa took the old fellow in, guests would depart, carrying off after which he refused to work or some of his few belongings. Not even to beg. He would just sit infrequently he would have a guest around and eat and sleep, and suffering from some loathsome dis- scratch. Then, there was the tiny ease. One young fellow conceived baby whose mother died, whom Ka- the bright idea that he would like gawa temporarily adopted. He got to be employed as a sort of superin- some condensed milk and fed it, tendent, drawing a salary and but he succeeded none too well, and wearing a suit of foreign clothes. as soon as possible sent it on to its Kagawa gave him his only suit of relatives living elsewhere. "The foreign clothes, an old school uni- baby wept, and I wept," he told me form, but there was no salary to in recounting this experience.

be had even if the fellow had been But along with these bitter exthe right man for such a position. periences in the slums, there were Finding his requests refused, he many that made his heart glad. went out and· drank a lot of sake, There was the bean-curd peddlar bought a vicious short sword, broke Veda, who came to Kagawa after into the room where a prayermeet- drinking and gambling away everying was being held, and threatened thing he possessed except the very to kill Kagawa and all the rest. He dirty shirt that was his only gar- kicked over the hibachi aNd scat- ment. In a drunken brawl he had tered coals of fire about the room! received a gash across his face that He was finally pacified and gave up caused his eyes to point in different his sword, which I have in my desk directions, and made him look like now. Kagawa did not want to have the cut-throat he really was. Veda it in his house. was really converted and became Another of Kagawa's uncomfort- a power of righteousness in the able protegeS was a big, burly slums. He soon "made good" finan- gambler, named Kodera. He had a cially, and until God called him complete gambler's outfit of cards home he was an earnest Christian and dice, and had served several and an effective street preacher.

terms in prison after police raids Among the brightest pictures in on his games. He was touched by my memory are some of the meet- Kagawa's preaching, and in a peni- ings held in those Shinakawa slums tent moment handed over his cards of Kobe. The Sunday mornirig -to which I fell heir, as in the meeting for worship was regularly case of the big knife. But Kodera held at six o'clock, as this was the had no real change of heart-and quietest hour of the day. In sum- he looked with greedy eyes at the mer it was earlier. On Sunday money which he saw Kagawa hand- nights evangelistic services were ing over to the sick and starving. held, when the room would be When Kagawa refused him a packed. On Wednesday nights a "loan" of fifty yen, the big fellow prayer meeting was conducted, knocked him down and went out in and on other nights a night school a rage. was held and the boys who attended Another very troublesome fellow were given regular high school

TOYOHlKO KAGAWA-JAPANESE APOSTLE TO THE POOR

courses in a number of branches. a series of articles entitled, "Japan One of these slum boys now holds Seen Through a Crack," which exan important position in the city cited much interest. His first book employment bureau, and is an in- of real importance was entitled fluential Christian. I used to help "The Psychology of Poverty," to teach classes in English in this which was an original study of night school. life among the poor, with a pro- gram of reform. This was a rather The prayer meetings which were expensive book, but it sold through held there were unique, and some- scores of editions, and established times positively thrilling. Imagine his reputation as an authority. One sitting in a circle on the fl-oor with worthy official in social work used fifteen or twenty men and women, a whole chapter of this book, witheach one of whom had a criminal out acknowledgment, as part of his record or a tragic history. Most of own report. them had served one or more terms in prison for gambling, theft or But the one book that did most murder. Some of the women had to establish his fame and extend his been prostitutes. Some had hus- popularity was an autobiographical bands in prison. There was one novel called Shisen Wo Koete, or whose hubsand had been in a gam- "Across the Death-line." This book bling party when the police raided sold through nearly four hundred the place. He made a wild dash editions, and brought its author an for the stairs, tripped on the top income of thirty thousand yen for several years, all of which he gave step and broke his neck as he fell away as fast as he received it. to the bottom. The hymns sung at Great numbers wrote and told him these prayer meetings might be de- that they had decided to become scribed as making a joyful noise to Christians through reading this the Lord. They could hardly be book. Its popularity has insured a called music. And the prayers were wide reading for all the books he such as I have never heard any- has since written, numbering nearwhere else. Those people had never ly fifty in all. As an illustration of heard of the formal "prayer lan- Dr. Kagawa's versatility, at the guage," so they talked to the Lord time when this novel was being in their own everyday speech. printed he had three other books in the press: a book -of poems, an es- They would tell the Lo'rd with ap- sayan economics, and a book called palling frankness of their sins and "How to Teach the Life of Christ temptations, and beg for God's to Children." The range of his instrength to gain the victory over terests and the extent of his knowthese sins. There was a grim ear- ledge are most remarkable. nestness about it all that made one feel oneself in the very presence of After nine years in the slums he God. went to America, where he spent two years in study at Princeton While living in the slums, Toyo- and 0 the r institutions, making hiko Kagawa, through his writings, friends everywhere, and adding to gradually gained a wide circle of his enormous stock of encyclopredic friends and admirers all over the knowledge. Returning to Japan, country. He visited all the large he spent his first night among his cities of Japan, investigating the old friends in the slums, taking up conditions of the poor, and wrote for one of the largest daily papers

the work where he had laid it down During one of Dr. Kagawa's two years before. trips abroad, he was brought in contact with the Huguenot Church A new era was opened in Kaga- of France. He was told of their wa's life when he entered politics, churches and schools, their colleges and undertook to organize a labor and seminaries, their distinct literparty throughout the country, and ature and culture in a land that to raise the standard of living was largely Catholic or irreligious. among the working classes. He be- With a million or so members, they gan to organize labor unions every- are able to maintain and develop where, published a labor magazine, their religious life successfully, The and inaugurated a campaign for thought occurred to him that unless universal suffrage and for a change the Church in Japan can get a in the government's repressive attitude toward all labor movements. backing of a million members it The price he paid for this political can never maintain its position and activity was two weeks' imprison- wield its proper influence in that ment, several fines for dangerous country. With this thought in mind sentiments discovered in his writ- he returned to Japan to inaugurate ings, and an undeserved reputation a nation-wide evangelistic movefor being a dangerous radical. But ment, called at first the Million the interesting part of all this is Souls Movement, and later the Kingdom of God Movement. Dr. that his campaigns succeeded. The Kagawa is himself the soul and property qualification was removed center of this movement, and he and the franchise extended to near- has brought the message of the ly the entire male population. Fac- Gospel to vast crowds in all the cities of Japan. In addition to the tory laws were radically revised, spoken 'word, many hundred thouhours of labor were cut down and sands of his evangelistic books have living conditions were revolution- been sold wherever his meetings ized under Kagawa's leadership. At the same time, those in author- have been held. ity in Tokyo began to find out that this supposed radical was really In considering the life and work a constructive statesman, and a of Dr. Kagawa, it should never be mighty defence against the attacks forgotten that his work has been done in the midst of bodily weakof the followers of Karl Marx. ness, severe illness, and difficulties One of Dr. Kagawa's lines of ac- and handicaps that would have in- capacitated most of us. He has tivity is in the organization of a written a beautiful little book society which he calls Iesu no To- called "The Remaining Thorn," or mo, or the "Friends of Jesus." the "Blessing of Affliction," in Some of the members have never which he tells of his own sufferings been baptized as members of any from tuberculosis, from dire povchurch, though of course the great erty, from gradually approaching majority are church members. It blindness and a dozen other afflicis a band of men and women scat- tions, and of how the Lord turned tered all over the country who dedi- each of these "thorns" into blesscate their lives to following Jesus ings, and enabled him to rejoice in in helping their fellow men. The organization is of the simplest, but them all. the fellowship and the service are real.

A NEW ADVENTURE WITH CHRIST *

BY THE REV. PAUL J. BRAISTED, Judson College, Rangoon SOMEONE has said that we through the maze of our jangling have offered the world of our aspirations saying, "I am come that day a "Saviour too small for ye may have life and have it abun- the tragic necessities of life." dantly"?

The "tragic necessities of life," There is no cause for pessimism, how the phrase haunts US! To say unless our faith is inadequate for that a new world has come into be- the present demands-those "traging has become so commonplace a ic necessities of life." Any shallow thought that we are inclined to optimism will only lead us down neglect its urgency and true signif- long paths of bewilderment, and icance. This new day is not the sorrow and embittering disappointarena of conflicting world religions ments. But if we have learned as it has been in some periods of something of the fullness of Christ, recent history. Our new day has of His rugged simplicity, of His brought into startling clearness the deep interest in the actual problems necessity for facing the facts of of life, and if we have caught His life. The conflict is not between the spirit with its great natural affinity various faiths, but it is between the to human need, we are called indeed moral materialism, with the sub- into a new adventure with Him. sequent agnosticism of scientific But it must be an adventure with materialism, on the one hand, and Him, as He will lead. We must be the world of spiritual realities on prepared for new alignments, the other. This is the day when changing emphases, radical read- Christ should come into His own. justments it may be, anything at For here He stands, not the de- all, if so be that He may be known, fendant of His system over against and shared, and loved by our fellowother systems, but face to face with men of this day. human need. Here Christ is found living, creative and life-giving. The intellectual climate of the day is frankly sympathetic. It is We who are in Burma as His seldom hostile. A leading article ambassadors, are called by our in one of our Rangoon dailies is of modern kalredoscopic civilization to peculiar interest. It was entitled, a new adventure. Ours is the task "What ought we to believe?" Note of vitally relating Christ to human the question. It has nothing of the needs in its tragic necessity. What attitude of rejecting all beliefs or has Christ to say to human need? hostility to them. It seems to ask What will His attitude be to those us, what can we believe? What is who feel bound in the unsatisfying it necessary for us to believe? What and dim chambers of a seemingly tests can we place for our beliefs? inevitable agnosticism? What is To what extent can we believe? Its His mind? Do we hear Him speak- attitude is frank and earnest, but ing the words of liberation, of its final resting place, admittedly peace, of power, of new life! Is unsatisfactory, is an unstable ag- He not even now calling down nosticism.

• Extracts from an address delivered before This is but half the story. There the Baptist Missionary Conference in Rangoon.

507

is a brighter part, and one of When the rugged, stark realities of far greater significance. The writ- life wring from me the cry of hu- er of the above mentioned edito- man fallibility and utter need, what rial sees clearly that this is an age I want is someone who will put my which is seeking reality.. hand in the hand of my Father, Weare living in a world frankly God. I need Him. Nothing else will disillusioned, and ill at ease, dis- touch my deepest needs. And it is turbed at the loss of that which here that Christ brings me the cer- alone can make life completely tainty I need. For when I am near worth while. Agnosticism might be Him, and when the fellowship of a hard and cruel thing, unbending His gentle spirit is unclouded 1 before any appeal of religion or ex- know myself to be near to God.

perience or the spirit world. But We do not often think of the this recent agnosticism is a differ- other aspect, God's search for man. ent thing. It is eager, it is wistful, But there is the greater truth, that it is on a search. It is hopeful that the loving heart of the Eternal is some way may be found for belief. out to reach us and bring us into a It is half expectant that the future full life of fellowship which shall will hold some new belief which mean life in its overflowing fullwill bring back into life all the ness. The Father seeks us down the beauty that it may contain. Here long years through a humiliating is willingness to believe and an incarnation, across the plains of anxious search after that which our human aspiration and need, may be safely believed. into the long nights of human guilt This is the day in which to turn and sin and despair, and finally men's hearts and minds to Christ, toils up a lonely Calvary that His not only encourage them to study love might be blazoned to all the His teachings, and become familiar world. Here then is love. Here is with the events of His life, but we must demonstrate in an appealing something big enough to meet our way the life which is in fellowship need and the need of the whole with the ever living and preser!t race. Robert E. Speer has said that Christ. What is desperately need- every discovery of God on the part of man must of necessity be a reveed in the present situation is Life; lation on the part of God. This is and Life can only be communicated a very profound truth. What is through lives, lives saturated with the aspiration and upward surge of Him, and radiant with His love the human heart but the irresistiand health. I know of no way in ble drawing of Him who said that which darkness and death can be He would draw all men unto Himchanged except by Christ. self. Christ in His great work is In India I used to find large num- trying to bring men to the Father's bers of Indians eager to discuss the heart. And on the other hand in different ways to God. Their at- Him we see the Father reaching titude was that of admitting any out to draw men, to uncover His new way to God if only the other essential nature. In Christ we have alleged ways to God were not de- all. There is one place where hu- nied. These discussions about the man need and the loving heart of number of ways to God are futile. the Eternal meet, and that is in It ends in intellectual gymnastics. Christ. BY LOIS J. ELDER, New York Travel£ng Seoretary of the Student V"I1lnteer MQvement I T HAS been said that each gen- may in their turn "junk" the re- eration returns to the ideas of ligion, morality, and thought of its grandfathers. While this their immediate predecessors as simple statement might rightly be thoroughly as their fathers challenged, still. if we are closely scrapped that which preceded to examine the present trends in them. Such people as Dr. Harry thinking among college students, it Elmer Barnes and Mr. H. L. can be found to possess a modicum Mencken, greet this reversion to a of truth for us now. We have been "midVictorianism" of thought reminded over and over, almost ad with alarm; others hail it with a nauseam, of the reaction against deep sigh of relief; still others all orthodoxy, religious or secular, wonder whether this destructive which came at the end of the peri- process must again be repeated or od dominated by the ideas of the if, given proper direction, we may ultra-conservative, pre-war genera- hope that they will strike more of tions. The next generations re- a happy balance between over-con- jected the orthodoxy of this group servatism on the one hand and un- because they knew that it did not checked liberalism on the other.

possess all of the truth concerning Christian missions were among religion and life. They rejected the many aspects and expressions the partial and, to them, mistaken of religion which were subjected comprehension of God, the morbid to the destructive criticism of the and "repressed" morality, the ways post-war generation. Naturally of thinking and what was to them people who were avowedly social- the" incomprehensible vocabulary istic and humanistic in outlook of the Victorian generations. This could not readily understand, still reckless junking of old ways and less fervently support, a program thoughts did achieve for men a whose slogan was "The evancommendable freedom of interpre- gelization of' the world in this tation of their lives but it also generation" and which was moti- helped to establish a materialistic vated by a zeal to redeem the regime in a world ruled by science heathen 'peoples of the earth by and big business. We now shudder preaching Jesus Christ and Him at the results. crucified. The emotional motiva- At present, however, a new tion of such an undertaking was as group of students is entering into foreign to them as was the vocab- another era of life and thought. ulary in which the purpose was ex- They are again questioning the pressed. Therefore we had a sharp conclusions of this modern group decline in the missionary enter- and are looking for their own an- prise which showed itself in the swer to the everlasting question, failure of the home churches to "How shall we live?" To many support the existing missions fi- thoughtful and well informed ob- nancially, and in a marked de- servers it seems that these students crease in the number of students 609 who offered themselves as candi- sharing. Whatever the reason or dates to carryon and advance the thought behind it, the fact is that mission work. For some time it students today are becoming gen- has taken a great deal of optimism uinely, if slowly, refired with mis- and steadfast belief on the part of sionary passion.

the faithful missionary leaders not Another contributing factor to to resign themselves to the popular the recent unpopularity of missions belief that foreign missions were, has been the current misconcep- if not already, "done for," at least tions of methods used in the enter- very rapidly coming to that state. prise. Much of the prejudice against In the eyes of the average young most causes can be attributed to person the movement was passe ignorance of the fundamentals un- and anyone who was naive enough derlying those causes. So it has to believe in it or fanatical enough been with missions. Many of the to give his talents to promoting people here at home, who have been the work on the field, could be most destructive in their violent treated only with an amused con- criticism of missions, have been tempt. Missions. and missionaries those who knew little or nothing were not "modern"; they could about the real workings of the mis- not in the very nature of things be sion. Somewhere or other they considered "liberal" in thought have gained the impression that and, worst of all, they were guilty the only interest of aU missionaries of the heinous offense of trying to is a "nose counting of saved souls"

force their ideas about religion and and that the only means taken to life on other peoples who should be achieve that end is that of exhor- left free to practice their own be- tation. Their common conception liefs. On these and many other of a missionary is that of a pale, scores missions were tried by this long-faced, black-clad, militantly "modern" and "liberal" genera- "holier-than-thou" person who tion, found guilty, and sentenced knows little and cares less about to die a natural and rather rapid present trends in world relations death. and world thought. We can little But now these same people who blame anyone for not being at- are being alarmed at the thought tracted to such a picture of mis- of the contemporary reversion to sions and missionaries-I doubt what they label as a midVictorian whether I have painted it in strong philosophy of life might be just as enough colors. During the last few surprised to find that the body of months my time has been given to missions in which life was thought traveling around among the col- virtually extinct is beginning to leges and universities of the United show renewed life to a startling States and I have naturally met degree. It would seem that these hundreds of people who might fair- present students think that possi- ly represent the average point of bly these "moderns" have been as view. Many of these people have mistaken about missions as about frankly admitted to me that they other things and that it is perhaps had always held just such an opin- an enterprise which has something ion of missions. But the hopeful real to offer to them and the world thing about it all is that most of at large and one in which they them seemed quite willing to might find a real satisfaction in change their attitudes after they had listened to a presentation of have had another experience which the widely inclusive program of seems to me to be cause for re- modern missions and found that it joicing on the part of those gen- embraces work as varied as the uinely concerned over present in- agricultural work done by Sam terest in missions. Frequently Higginbotham in Allahabad, India, when I was to speak before a stu- the educational work done in the dent body the learned older profes- mission schools from Kobe, Japan, sor in charge of the program would to Santiago, Chile, and the power- take me aside and say kindly, ful evangelistic and social work of "Now, if I were in your place, I a Kagawa. would tell them something about But here again we find a differ- Persian life and customs in a gen- ence in the attitudes and reasons eral way and not say anything for attitudes on the parts of the about missions. I know from past younger students. Due to various experience that if you say that you factors the students entering col- are going to talk about missions lege just now are much better in- that half of them will go to sleep formed about the nature of mis- and the other haIf will put books sion work and are, therefore, more up in front of their faces and pro- kindly disposed toward it than ceed to study their lessons during those of the last generation or two. your talk." I have replied quite They have grown up, to be sure, kindly but firmly that I would like under the tutelage of this older and to try and see whether they would bitterly opposed generation and act in this way (just to carryover therefore are somewhat predis- some of our beloved scientific meth- posed to look upon missions od of trial and error, if for no other through their eyes. But an in- reason). In every case the profes- creasing percentage of them have sor and I, and perhaps the students a passing knowledge of the various also, have been pleasantly sur- kinds of mission work and of the prised to find that we have had kind of person who is best quali- neither a study hall nor a class in fied to undertake this work. Many relaxation while they had a chapel of the students have read and talk on missions. It is quite true thrilled over such books as "The that in talking to them about mis- Splendor of God," "Aggrey of Af- sions I have used a vocabulary rica," "Seven Thousand Emer- (minus some of the more flagrant alds," and "Waste Basket Surgery" and jangling forms of collegiate to mention only a few of the more slang) which was approximately commonly read books. This read- the same as that which they use on ing may be limited in its scope and the campus. None of us could get may not present an all around pic- excited enough about some cause ture of missions, but who would to give our lives to it if we heard say that it is not encouraging to that cause presented in Latin or find them reading even a limited some other language with which amount of such reliable and en- we had only a bowing acquaint- lightening literature on modern ance.

missions? This is a big step in ad- My conclusions, after a brief vance of the lack of information of but rather intensive acquaintance their fathers. with students during the last few Several times during this year I months, would be: First, that the advance guard of ward missions and are becoming the more thoughtful of the younger more and more willing to give the students just now, having found cause a hearing and, after the hearthat the scientific attitude toward ing, their allegiance. Most of them life is far from being either wholly are still too much under the influsatisfactory or from offering the ence of their sociology to adopt any entire solution of human well being such slogan as "The evangelization and happiness, is turning back to- of the world in this generation" but ward that way of thought which there is one minor prophet who characterized the people one gen- would like to predict that, even eration removed in the past. while they keep the sociological background, they will eventually Second, I believe that, as they espouse a missionary cause-and change their outlook on the other possibly adopt another missionary phases of religious life, just so are slogan with a great significance. they changing their attitudes to- A DAYBREAK PRAYER-MEETING IN KOREA BY MRS. W. D. REYNOLDS, Pyengyang, Korea ADAYBREAK prayer-meeting in Korea is a never forgotten sight and thrill. Before the time for service to begin, we are obliged to enter by the pulpit door, as there are no seats elsewhere. We see one thousand women sitting as close together on the floor as they can get-a veritable sea of white headdresses. On the other side of the church are about five hundred men.

All are sitting quietly waiting for the speaker to begin. There is no oonfusion, no whispering. All sit quietly, hugging themselves, for the early mornings now are cold.

Evangelist Kim Ik Dan begins with a hymn, prayer, and the Scripture. He speaks earnestly and sometimes dramatically. There is not a sound in the audience except an occasional cough and now and then a baby is heard, but its mother quickly quiets it with a little of nature's good baby food, and nobody is disturbed.

The evangelist calls for everybody to pray and immediately a burst of sound like the roaring of waves fills the church, yet there is no excitement or confusion. After about five minutes of this prayer, Pastor Kim begins to sing, and all join. At the close of the hour he says, "Those who must leave, please go out quietly." A number, mostly women, rise quietly and leave. He then continues talking or praying or answering questions as long as anybody remains.

This wonderful scene is in a city which thirty-five years ago had never heard the Gospel. Evangelist Kim is a magnetic, earnest and dramatic speaker. He goes about alone to fill his engagements-no choir, no pianists, no assistant teachers. He carries the simple message of the Gospel.· During the evangelistic meetings he has conducted the 6 a. m. prayermeeting, two Bible classes each morning from 10 to 12, at 6: 30 p. m. he preaches for an hour at the Central church to a packed house, and then goes to the West Gate church and preaches at 8 p. m. to about 1,500 people.

During one of his Bible classes, a man a-sked him why God did not speak directly to us as he did in days of old. At once Pastor Kim said, "Come up here, brother." The man went up, and Pastor Kim made him come up in the pulpit where all could see him, and then he held his open Bible close to his face and said, "God is speaking to you in these sixty-six books; what more could you want?"

KEMP (STANDING) AND TilE S'l'UDENTS AT THE AUCKLAND

A "SCHOOL OF THE PROPHETS"

IN NEW ZEALAND Spiritual Training in the New Zealand Bible Training Institute A FEW years ago the Baptist Hostel was opened on March 1, Tabernacle at Auckland, New 1923, with five resident students. Zealand, was the scene of a With no proper dormitory or class spiritual quickening which called rooms, and with very limited ac- together daily a number of kindred commodation the housing condisouls for prayer. Once a week a tions were far from ideal. few ladies met to pray that the way might open for the establish- A building overlooking the West- ern Park was secured and adapted ment of a Bible school for the to the work but soon became very training of Christian workers. inadequate. Every available space There was need for such a school was required for use as sleeping in New Zealand. A meeting of quarters. business men was called and the Both men and women soon outpastor, Rev. Joseph W. Kemp, laid grew their quarters. In answer to the project before them. As a re- earnest prayer, and through the suit sufficient support was prom- generosity of the friends of the Inised to justify publicity being stitute, a site was purchased and given to the project. There was a simple but well equipped fireopposition and it was clear that if proof building was erected and Satan could have prevented the opened free of debt on August 20, launching of the Institute he would 1927. The large attendance at the have done so. Finally the Insti- opening attested the place which tute was opened on March 1, 1922, the work had gained in the con- with six young men students and fidence of the Christian people of four young women registered as New Zealand. This new home pro- nonresident students. Further ap- vides separate rooms for about plications were received, and in a sixty students. One wing is deshort time the number had grown voted to women, and the other to to thirteen. A Young Women's men. It has also a dining room, 3 513

kitchen, lecture room, social rooms, the "Personal Christian Life" administration offices and accom- course, many problems are faced modations for the staff. Ever since and the Word of God brought to the opening the Institute has been bear on the life and walk of the filled with a fine body of students. believer, often with revolutionary The Institute is in no sense in force. The monthly all-day of competition with existing theo- prayer is a strong factor in this logical schools or denominational development. colleges. While it does not attempt Previous to the establishing of to give only academic training, the the Institute young men and young preparation received is by no women desiring such training had means superficial. Tho r 0 ugh to seek it either in America or Auscourses are provided for a prac- tralia. Now New Zealand can tical knowledge of the English train its own workers and the Bible. This is preeminent. Not graduates testify to the great help only are the students instructed in received for service both in the what the Book contains but they home field and in foreign missions. are also encouraged to test for These young men and young womthemselves the truth of its con- en are now serving in India, China, tents. Such a study gives the stu- the Sudan, Mexico, Papua, Solodents a comprehensive grasp of the mon Islands, AUstralia, South entire Scriptures, with opportu- America, and Canada. Several are nity for original search. The books ministers of different denominaof the Bible and the great doctrines tions in New Zealand and some are dealt with systematically and work among the Maoris. The definite recognition is made of dis- course on Missions gives those in pensational truth. New Testament this "School of the Prophets" a Greek is also studied and current world-wide vision. The Institute, theological problems are met in lec- being interdenominational, works tures on the Bible and science, in harmony with all Evangelical criticism, evoIutinn, and false re- Churches and Christian Missions ligions. Students are not left in which are true to the Faith. doubt as to the truth and have to The faculty of the Institute is meet forces destructive of faith. made up of those of unquestioned The study of practical methods of loyalty to Christ and the Bible and Christian work includes sermoniz- thoroughly competent as teachers. ing, evangelism, prayers and other The Rev. Joseph W. Kemp, pastor activities of the Christian worker. of the Tabernacle, has acted as Especial emphasis is placed on Honorary Principal since the inwhat Thomas Boston called "The ception of the Institute, and as Art of Man Fishing" for no train- teacher of Homiletics and Syste- ing can be complete without a matic Theology. Mr. J. O. Sanders knowledge of how to win souls. left the legal profession to act as Students are shown how to deal Secretary-Treasurer. Mr. C. J. with various classes of enquirers. Rolls, the Dean, has recently gone A course in English is prescribed to America but Mr. H. Yolland is and particular attention is given to proving a valuable teacher. Other the public reading of the Scrip- members of the faculty include tures. The spiritual life of the Rev. Evan R. Harries, of St. James students is of first concern and in Presbyterian Church; Mr. E. M.

A "SCHOOL OF THE PROPHETS" IN NEW ZEALAND

Blaiklock, M.A.; Dr. William H. The students regularly engage Pettit. Supplemental studies are in active Christian work in Auck- dealt with by occasional lecturers land and the vicinity. Several city who are all loyal to the faith and churches welcome their help in who stand four-square on the great Sunday-school work and as leaders fundamentals. of Bible classes. Open-air evan- All applicants for admission to gelism is carried on in one of the the Institute are required to accept busiest thoroughfares of the city the following statement of faith: and house-to-house visitation helps 1. The Bible as the Word and revela- students gain experience in dealing tion of God, and therefore our only final with a vast variety of human conauthority in matters of faith and conscience. (2 Timothy 3: 16: Psalm 119: ditions and problems. ll.) An Extension Department of- 2. The Deity of our Lord Jesus Christ; fers opportunity to teach, preach that He is very God, by Whom and for Whom all things were created. (John 1: and publish the Word of God be- 1-14; John 14: 9.) yond the confines of the classroom.

3. The virgin birth of our Lord Jesus Bible lectures are given in various Christ; conceived by the Holy Spirit, centres and a Bible Correspondence and therefore God manifest in the flesh.

(Isaiah 7: 14; Matthew 1: 18-25.) Course offers systematic Bible 4. Salvation, by divine sacrifice. "The study to hundreds who might Son of God gave His life a ransom for many; and bore our sins in His own otherwise be without such help.

body on the tree." (John 6: 44-69: 1 The Institute mag a z i n e, The Peter 2: 24.) 5. Our Lord's physical !resurrection Reaper, finds its way into many from the dead, and His bodily presence lands for the promotion of Bible at the right hand of God, as our Priest and Advocate. (Acts 3: 12-26: John 20.) study, the cultivation of spiritual 6. The universality and heinousness of life, and the development of con- sin, and salvation by grace, "not of secrated service. Much Gospel litworks, lest any man should boast": sonship with God attained only by regenera- erature is scattered by students in tion through the Holy Spirit, and faith in their house-to-house visitation and Jesus Christ. (Romans 3: 10-26: Romans 6: 23.) open-air work. It is hoped that soon colportage 7. The personality and Deity of the Holy Spirit, Who came on the Day of work will be established to place Pentecost to indwell believers and to be the administrator in the Church of the good Biblical literature in the Lord Jesus Christ: and to reprove the hands of the people, and that evanworld of sin and of righteousness and of judgment. (Joel 2: 18-32: John 16: 8- gelistic campaigns may enable our own accredited evangelists to go 11; Acts 11: 1-24.) 8, The great commission given by our out to proclaim the unsearchable Lord to His Church to evangelize the world. (Matthew 28: 16-20: Acts 1: 8.) riches of Christ.

9. The second, visible, and imminent The New Zealand Bible Training coming of our Lord and Saviour, Jesus Institute is a centre of Life, hav- ing within its walls those, who, Christ, to establish His world-wide Kingdom on the earth. (Matthew 24: 1; 1 when trained, are able to give to Thess. 4: 13-18.) 10. A heaven of eternal bliss for the every man a reason of the hope righteous and conscious and eternal punishment of the wicked. (2 Corinthians 5: that is in them and sending out for 1-10: Revelation, chapters 20, 21, and active service those who faithfully 22.) declare the truth of God, and with A departure from this position power preach the Word so as to is understood to be tantamount to prove it to be the "saviour of life a withdrawal from the active par- unto life." This work merits the ticipation in the work of the In- prayerful and practical support of stitute. the people of God.

CHRISTIANS LET THE

ALONE?

Editorial Reactions on the Atlantic City Conference H AVE Christians a debt to the Europe saw a new "Promised Jews or should we let them Land." Here they found freedom alone? from the restrictions of the "pale,"

There was a time when many and new opportunities for business who claimed to be Christians and for intellectual advancement.

thought that their logical, if not Few disabilities were attached to their theological, approach to the being a Jew in the new world, and Jew should be with sticks and in many circles they were received stones. In Europe, particularly, on equal terms with Gentile neigh- the Jew was despised and hated, bors. Wealth and power have added being looked upon as the natural to their prestige and thousands heir of all the curses that should have been advanced to positions of fall to the lot of those who cruci- high honor in business, education fied Jesus; their Messiah. But the and politics.

animosity was largely due to the But with separation from old re- fact that everywhere the Jew was ligious associations, and from so- an alien, a stranger in a strange cial restrictions and physical hard- land, with a foreign tongue, with ships, and with larger material peculiar dress and strange beliefs prosperity, multitudes of Jews, in and customs. In many places he their new land of liberty, have be- was segregated within a "pale" or come materialistic and irreligious.

a ghetto and did not mingle socially There are about five million Jews with the Christians. Persecuted, in North America today and not he was compelled to make a living more than one tenth of them are by driving hard bargains and to regular attendants at an orthodox beat Gentile competitors by the Jewish synagogue. Some have be- keenness of his wits. Many became come "Reformed Jews," without money lenders, bankers and mer- faith in the God of the Old Testa- chants and the greed for gold ment or in the coming of a prom- helped to make them cunning and ised Messiah. Others have joined shylockian. As a result the Jew the ranks of Christian or mental was misunderstood, suspected, science, Ethical Culture and other feared and hated by all "Chris- modern cults, while thousands tians"-their neighbors in particu- have become Christians.

lar. Hebrew traditions and training The questions arise, what reli- led them to reject Jesus as their gious duty has the Christian in Messiah and the treatment they re- America toward the Jew, what ceived persuaded them that the re- claim has the Jew upon the Chris- Jigion of Christ bred hatred and tian? The vast majority of the cruelty and contained no good Jews take the position that Chris- news, no revelation of God and no tians have no such duty and that way of life for them. the Jews should only be given a In America, the socially down- fair and equal opportunity to work trodden and persecuted Jews of out their own life and that no at- 516 tempt should be made to convince those who read papers and led dis- them that Christ is their promised cussions were Dr. Samuel M.

Messiah and Saviour. Zwemer of Princeton; Dr. Julius There are also Christians who Richter of Berlin; Bishop Nichol- oppose any right or duty to "prose- son of Detroit; Mr. Basil Mathews, lytize," or to do mission work author of "The Clash of World among the Jews, on the ground Forces" and other volumes; Dr.

that it is presumptuous. These James Black of Edinburgh; Mr.

claim that the only Christian ap- Kenneth Maclennan and Rev. C.

proach to the Jew should be to H. Gill of London; the Rev. Mr.

cultivate good will, to establish Carpenter of Warsaw; Dr. John friendly relations, to cooperate in McDowell of the Presbyterian the search for truth and in service Board of Home Missions; Dr. W.

to mankind. Douglas Mackenzie of Hartford; At Atlantic City, May 12 to 15, Dr. Joseph A. Vance of Detroit; there met a very important confer- Dr. Paul deSchweinitz of the Mo- ence of Christian leaders to con- ravian Church and Dr. Samuel Mc- sider this question of "The Chris- Crea Caverl of the Federal Coun- tian Approach to the Jew"-espe- cil. Dr. John Stuart Conning is cially in North America. It was chairman of the American Section held under the auspices of the In- of the Jewish Department of the ternational Missionary Council and International Missionary Council was ably presided over by Dr. and Dr. Conrad Hoffman, Jr., is John R. Mott. It followed and executive secretary. The Hebrew supplemented the 1928 conferences Christians present included the in Warsaw and Budapest, when the Rev. Max 1. Reich, the Rev. Paul questions considered related to the Morentz, the Rev. Henry Eins- Christian and the Jew in Europe. pruch, the Rev. Morris Zeidman of A carefully prepared program in- Toronto, and others. Gentile mis- cluded papers and open discussions sionaries to Jews also came from on such subjects as: The Validity Los Angeles, Chicago, New York, of a Christian Approach to the Philadelphia and Europe.

Jew; a Survey of American Jews A very valuable and extensive and Missions to Jews; The Jews preliminary survey, made by Mr.

in EUrope and their Relation to Charles H. Fahs of the Missionary America; Jewish and Christian Research Library, revealed the fact Relations; Christian Objectives in that the Jewish population of the a Ministry to the Jews; The Place United States and Canada has in- of the Jew in the Missionary Pro- creased in the past century from gram of the Church; The Local 16,000 (1826) to 4,228,029 (1927).

Church and Its Jewish Neighbors; It has more than doubled in the Jewish Converts; Training Jew- past twenty years. Twenty-five ish Leaders; Literature for Jews; cities in the United States each in- The Christian Message to the Jew, clude over 10,000 Jews in their and Cooperative Work for Jews. population.

The speakers and delegates in- Among these four and a quarter cluded some twenty or thirty He- million Jews in the United States brew Christians, pastors, editors, and 250,000 in Canada, there are beside Protestant laymen and only eleven Christian missions at women and executives. Among work in Canada and sixty-three in

the United States-in less than to them the God of their fathers thirty centers. This leaves over and the Messiah who is the fulfil- 160 centers where from one thou- ment of their highest hopes.

sand to thirty-three thousand Jews 4. The majority of Jews in reside, without any definite organ- America are not attendants at any ized effort to present to them synagogue and are fast drifting Jesus, their Messiah. Undoubt- into materialism, agnosticism and edly between three and four mil- atheism. They need to be brought lion Jews in America are practi- back to faith in God for their own cally untouched by definite Chris- sake and for the sake of their fel- tian evangelism. low men. All sinners need salvation.

5. The Jews are a virile race WHY GIVE THE GOSPEL TO JEWS? with remarkable intelligence, en- The purpose of the Atlantic City ergy and ability for leadership.

Conference was to discover the Many evil influences are at work true aim and objectives of Chris- tending to mislead them and, if tian witness to the Jewish people successful, will make them a men- of America and to consider how ace to society. It is a great oppor- this goal may be reached most ef- tunity and responsibility for Chris- fectively. That the Christian has tians to share with them all the a duty to the Jew is obvious on truth they have and to surround several grounds: them with the best, the most God- 1. Past persecution and antag- like influence. What a difference onism has misrepresented Christ it would have made if Karl Marx, and His Spirit and purpose so that Leon Trotsky and the leaders in Jews have been alienated from Russian atheistic communism had Him and from those who bear His been successfully brought under name. Christians owe it to them truly Christian influence.

to make up for past ill-treatment 6. The results of Christian work and misrepresentation and to make for Jews are an unanswerable ar- Jesus known in His true character, gument in its favor. While there mission and power. have been unworthy men and 2. Christians owe an inestima- women who have claimed to be- ble debt to the Jews for the Old come Christians, there are hun- Testament Scriptures and as the dreds of thousands who have found race through whom Christ came in Christ the fulfilment of their to reveal God and His way of life hopes and the answer to their for mankind. Jews were the first highest need. J. F. de Ie Roi, the missionaries of Christ to Gentiles. reliable historian, reports that 3. Christianity is not, in reality, 204,500 Jews became Christians in a religion alien to the Jews but is the nineteenth century alone.

the fulfilment of Judaism. Jesus These Hebrew Christians include said, "I came not to destroy but to leading statesmen, lawyers, physi- fulfill." (Mat. 5: 17.) He is pre- cians. scientists, historians, artists sented as the promised Messiah and Christian workers-men like and the Saviour of the world. Mis- Felix Mendelsohn, Alfred Edes- sion work among the Jews is there- heim, Johann Augustus Wilhelm fore not an effort to make "prose- Neander,Adolph Saphir, Benjamin lytes" or to alienate them from Disraeli, Samuel Schereschewsky, their ancient faith but is to reveal David Baron and others. There

SHALL CHRISTIANS LET THE JEWS ALONE?

are some 3,500 Hebrew Christians Since only fourteen, out of over of good standing in the Presbyte- one hundred, Protestant denomirian Church alone and many of nations in North America now them today are filling Protestant carryon organized work for Jews, pulpits. it is hoped that many more Chris- tian agencies will undertake such 7. God has, through Christ and work in some of the one hundred His Spirit, commissioned His fol- and sixty Jewish centers where lowers to carry His Gospel to none is now conducted. every creature-not excepting the Jews. Christ's disciples were sent THE NEXT STEPS "to the Jews first," and whenever the Christian Church has seemed The recommendations of the to forget her missionary responsi- Conference for making a more efbility, God has aroused her and fective Christian approach to the called forth missionaries to go to Jews in America include the folthe unevangelized. The Jews have lowing: first claim, not second claim, on Christ and His Gospel. The com- 1. Closer cooperation among all mand of Christ has never been evangelical agencies now engaged abrogated. . in this work. This is made possi- ble through the Jewish Depart- How shall the Gospel of Christ ment of the International Missionbe presented to Jews in America? ary Council and with the help of The conference confessed that the the able Executive Secretary, Dr. Spirit of Christ has often been mis- Conrad Hoffman, Jr., who will derepresented and that many wrong vote a large part of his time to methods and motives have been North America. used. Proselytizing was disapproved, if by this is meant an 2. A thorough study of the effort merely to increase the ad- whole situation, the aims, methods herents of one sect at the expense and needs. Preparation for this of another or to win converts in has already been made through the name, without true change of heart survey conducted by Mr. Charles and life. Any effort at bribery, or H. Fahs. subterfuge, any appeal to fear or to unworthy selfish motives, was 3. A careful study of the Chrisalso discredited. The one aim of tian literature prepared for Jews, Christian work among Jews is to with an elimination of that which make known to them, by word and has lost its effectiveness, a selec-' deed, Jesus as the true revelation tion of the best now available, and of God, their promised Messiah preparation of new books, songs and Lord and their personal Re- and leaflets to fill the present need. deemer from sin, its power and its penalty. 4. Arrangements for the train- ing of Christian leaders in Jewish Emphasis was put on winning mission work-both Hebrew and men to Christ through friendship, Gentile-so that they may be prethrough the manifestation of a pared to work acceptably among Christlike life, and through per- all classes. sonal witness to His power and the satisfaction found in Him. 5. Special attention to be given to the large number of Jewish stu- dents in American colleges and universities-some of which have 25% or more of this race.

6. The arousing of the Christian in Him their Messiah, their Savchurches, and of Christians every- iour and their Lord. where, to a new sense of obligation for promoting goodwill between Good News and Goodwill to the Jews and Gentiles and the privi- Jews, published in Toronto, says: lege of witnessing to Christ, in the Spirit of Christ, to Jewish neigh- THE BUSINESS OF THE CHRISbors. An effort to awaken denominational age n c i e s and local TIAN CHURCH Is churches to a sense of their respon- Not to Americanize sibility to so present Christ to Not to Canadianize Jews in America that they will see Not to Gentilize Not to Proselytize BUT TO EVANGELIZE THE JEWS.

A NOTABLE HEBREW CHRISTIAN The Story of Sabeti B. Rohold of Haifa SABETI BENJAMIN ROHOLD with Christians. In that beautiful was born at Jerusalem on Feb- spot, the so-called Garden of Geth- ruary 20, 1876, and died in semane, I one evening met two Cairo, Egypt, on February 14, servants of God who began speak- 1931. He was the son of Rabbi ing to me. At the time it seemed Naphthali Rohold, and while still that I had gone into the Garden a young man became a Christian. merely by accident, but now, as one He lived to become a valiant wit- looks back over the past, it can be ness for Christ, and a leader in clearly seen that a loving unseen the Hebrew-Christian movement Hand was guiding me. These two in Palestine and beyond. Christians explained to me from His father and mother found the Scriptures how that Jesus of deep satisfaction in their rabbini- Nazareth is in very deed the prom- cal ancestry and other religious ised Messiah, Israel's greatest associations, and they sought to hope. As they reasoned with me, train their family, of whom Sabeti there was one passage of Scripture was the youngest, in the way of which I could not get over, that Jewish tradition. According to 'The Sceptre shall not depart from custom they looked upon Chris- Judah, nor a lawgiver from be- tianity as a system of idolatry. tween his feet, until Shiloh come; Mr. Rohold himself wrote: and unto Him shall the gathering "Truly my parents loved me very of the people be.'

much, and did all in their power to "With this new light upon the educate me in what they believed Word of God I was given to under- to be right, and their one desire stand that the promises regarding was that I might occupy the seat the Coming One told not only of of my dear father, of which all my His glory and majesty, but also of teachers gave them full hope. Thus His suffering and death (Isa. 53 the early part of my life was spent and Ps. 22). Slowly I began to in study within the home circle. see how great and true Jehovah is, "It was in the year 1893 that I and how that His Divine Word re- had conversation for the first time garding the Messiah has been Iiter-

A NOTABLE HEBREW CHRISTIAN

ally fulfilled in Jesus Christ. I by the presence of Christ, and en- saw my helpless condition, and couraged by kind friends in Eng- realized, as never before, that my land, he kept on his way.

own righteousness was as filthy Not long after his conversion rags. And, oh, what joy came to Mr. Rohold came to England (in me when the gracious promise of 1897) and devoted himself to stud- God was fulfilled, a promise which ies in preparation for a missionary came to me now with such a new career among his own people.

meaning, 'a new heart also will I Mter some time in England, he give you, and a new spirit will I entered the Bible Training Insti- put within you; and I will take tute at Glasgow; and later took up away the stony heart out of your active service, being for ten years flesh, and I will give you a heart of Superintendent of the Bonar Me- flesh. And I will put my Spirit morial Mission to the Jews in Glas- within you.' (Ezk. 36: 26, 27). gow. He then went to Canada, at Having, then, accepted Jesus the call of the Presbyterian Church Christ as my own personal Sa- of the Dominion, and there he viour, I began to wish that my founded in Toronto the first He- own loved ones might know Him, brew-Christian Synagogue. He whom to know is life eternal. But was one of two Hebrew-Christian I feared to tell them of my new- delegates to the World Missionary found treasure, and it is impos- Conference at Edinburgh in 1910.

sible for me to describe the unrest From Canada he went to Haifa, and agony of soul that I passed in 1919, and with great energy, he through in consequence." built wisely and well on the foun- In answer to prayer for guid- dation of a small mission begun by ance, Rohold received as from the the late D. C. Joseph. As the years Lord Himself the word given to have passed, friends of the British Abraham of old :-"Get thee out Jews Society have followed with of thy country." (Gen. 12: 1.) It deep interest and sympathy the de- was a hard command to obey, but velopment of plans that have throwing himself upon the prom- meant great things in the vindica- ises of God, he started on a jour- tion of Christian witness in Pales- ney westward, at length arriving tine in times of unexampled sig- in England as a perfect stranger, nificance in the history of the Jew- not knowing the language, and ish people.

having no earthly friend. Rela- The work at Haifa, owed every- tives in Jerusalem urged him to thing under God to Mr. Rohold's return, and his father declared power of organization and admin- that his conduct would "bring istration, his leadership, and his down his grey hairs in sorrow to devotion to the Cause of Christ and the grave." Sustained, however, Israel.

"Now abides Faith"-the faith in God our Father in Heaven; the faith in Jesus Christ our Saviour; the faith in spiritual realities, the faith in life beyond the grave.

"Now abides Hope"-the hope in a brighter, better future; the hope for mankind and for the Church, based on the power and purpose of God.

"Now abides Love"-the love that Christ manifested; the love that serves rather than seeks to be served: the love that sacrifices self in order to save others.

OF THE

"The Nerve of Missions" Father; His knDwledge ''Of the "IDst" and shepherdless conditiDn 'Of men and One often hears that certain beliefs the o.nly way out 'Of that cDndition; and practices "cut the nerve of mis- and His love that led Him to live and siDns." Before making this as·sertiDn labor, to suffer and die for them. it may be well to inquire "What is the nerve of missiDns?" What is the vital The "nerve 'Of missions" in the case impulse, the controlling pDwer that of the Apostle Paul was the "love of stimulates and keeps alive Christian Christ"; it had its roots in faith in missionary activity? God and in His provision for the res- The great aim of missions is to cue of man from sin and its conse- win men tD GDd and His Way of Life quences. LDyalty to Christ moved the thrDugh Jesus Christ and Hi.s Gos- ApDstle to 'Obedience tD the Great pel. A necessary part of this prDgram CommissiDn; his personal experience is careful instruction in Christ's ideals made him a debtDr tD share his treasand program so as tD win men's sym- ure with 'Others; the sense of men's pathetic and intelligent cooperation dire need and the tove of Christ in in carrying 'Out all the implications his heart drDve him fDrward on his and consequences of His teachings. mission, regardless of DPPDsition, dis- But is this aim necessary to stimu- cDmfDrt or danger.

late the "nerve 'Of missiDns"? It is Shall we test 'Our motives, 'Our ef- acknowledged that many diverse mD- forts and our program by these stand- tives have led gDDd men and women ards? There are some cDlleges and intD the mission field-a lDve of novel- schools in mission lands, founded as ty and adventure; a desire to serve Christian missiDnary enterpries, that where the general need is greatest; have apparently IDst sight 'Of their the fDrce 'Of a perSDnality that makes main purpose. Their "nerve of mis- the appeal for helpers; a sense of duty sions" has been cut by a desire for or a false idea 'Of the true nature 'Of government subsidies, by an effDrt tD missiDnary work. The same mDtives maintain high S'cholastic standards; may lead one tD give mDney tD mis- by the appeal of numbers; by fear of siDns or tD establish a mi&siDnary in- criticism and to.S8 of influence. A stitution. larger number of missiDn schools and These are nDt the motives t'O which colleges, like the college 'Of Teheran.

Christ appeals. The basis 'On which Persia, and the UniDn Christian Col- He rests the whDle enterprise cDnsists lege 'Of PYe'Ilgyang, Korea, have put of three facts-first, GDd's love fDr aside these temptations and have- kept mankind and His prDvisiDn 'Of salva- alive their great evangelizing purpose.

tiDn thrDugh Jesus Christ; secDnd, There are some mission hDspitals persDnal experience of God and 'Of His where the "nerve 'Of missions" seems saving pDwer; and third, a deep CDn- tD have been cut by putting first victiDn that the supreme need o.f all scientific efficiency; by the effort to.

men is Christ and His Gospel, and a give medical service tD SD many pa- deep desire to. share with them the tients that the missiDn staff has no unique and lifegiving benefits. time for evangelizing, or by fear less The "nerve of missiDns" fDr Christ they be accused 'Of using medicine and himself ·seems to be clearly his great surgery to bribe patients to accept purpose tD carry out the will 'Of the Christian teachings. Many more hDS- 522

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

pitals, like that at Dohnavur, India, to help carry the Good News to every and others, work amid great difficul- creature. ties but, by prayer and testimony, seek first of all to win men and women to Life and power in the "nerve of Christ while ministering to their missions" depend more than anything bodies. else on the vital connection of the Branch with the Vine, the individual True followers of Christ, whether member with the Head, Jesus Christ. in America or in foreign lands, desire to live dynamic lives. They despise College Gospel Teams in Asia lifeless conventionalism. Every Christian who is spiritually alive and walks Student evangelism is growing in with Christ feels spiritual warmth and the mission fields. The idea of college a desire to win others. He knows that Gospel teams began in Burma and ha.s the only hope for true life, with joy spread to Siam, India and Korea. In and power, is in Christ, and so he is some colleges the results have been eager to share his knowledge with remarkable, according to the testimony non Christians. of Dr. E. Stanley Jones, W. E. S. Holland and others. New life has been There is great cause for encourage- awakened, the joy is contagious and ment that in most of the mission new Christian leaders are developed fields there are signs of a new awak- among the students. ening and empha.sis on the need for evangelism. Missionaries and native In Lucknow Christian College In- Christians everywhere are saying that dia, the members of the Gospel team, without evangelism, carried on with on student initiative and without misspiritual power, there will be no prog- sionary direction, spent many hours in res,s. In Egypt, India and other lands conference and prayer and then held special periods of the year are set a communion and consecration service. apart for intensive evangelistic effort. They adopted as their motto: "Serv- In India the Christians have stated as ice," and as the basis of their work: their objectives (1) every Christian "Friendship with God and with praying and witnessing to win non- others." Their ideal is expressed in Christians; (2) special teams visiting "Purity in word, thought, action, heart markets, railway statIons, schools, and character." Anyone who knows shops and homes; (3) public preach- India knows what a great contrast ing, singing and distribution of Chris- there is between these ideals and the tian literature by minister,s and lay teachings and practices of Hinduism workers; (4) Christian me.las and and of Islam. processions to attract public attention; (5) above all-continued public and But the Lucknow Gospel team does private prayer, by individuals and not seem to go far enough. They emgroups, that God will prepare and phasize externals. Among the rules guide the workers and the hearers, adopted for members are: Obedience and will bring home His message with to coIl e g e rules; cleanliness of power for the conversion of many. thought, word and deed; full and hearty cooperation; avoidance of The "nerve of missions" is cut by amusements of which Christ would ignorance, selfi'shness and sin. When not approve; respect for womanhood; the nerve is cut we experience the observance of the "morning watch." effects in a loss of vision of God and of man's supreme need of Him; a loss The pledge taken by members of of hearing that deafens us to the call the Lucknow team is as follows: of God; a loss of sensitiveness to our own hlessings received through Christ, Trusting in God to help me, I promise and indifference to the sufferings and to abide by the principles of the Gospel fate of those out of Christ; and there Team and sincerely endeavor to put into is a loss of motive power to impel us practice its ideals throughout my life. Nothing that I do will be done with a view solely to please people. I will strive to the best of my ability to keep clean

in thought, word and deed; to maintain denominaHonal constituencies to which brotherly love; to treat all women Il;nd girls with respect and honor, and to Wlll- they can appeal for support. They ingly accept punishment for any breach also put especial emphasis on prayer of Gospel Team rules. as the means of securing funds and While the purpose and plan of the workel's and usually have much less promotional machinery than the decollege team is commendable, this -statement as to the ideals and princi- nominational boards. The term "Faith Missions" has not ples of the association are u~fortu­ nately lacking in clear expreSSiOn .of been assumed by these missions themloyalty to Christ, the need of the hfe selves but has been given them by the that He offers or dependence upon Christian public to designate their the Holy Spirit for guidance and pow- policy regarding the financial support of their work. They hold the coner to win others to God. If this is not the basis and the power for the team viction that, through the voluntary of- ferings of His people, and in answer and its members; if it is chiefly a movement to promote personal purity to believing prayer, God will supply the needs of the work which is carand brotherhood, then it has no right ried on in obedience to Christ's comto be called a "Gospel Team" and comes short of being wholly Christian. mission. These societies do not resort to the method of raising money by Vital relation to Christ is a prime re- public appeal, nor do they borrow or quisite and. cannot be taken for go into debt. All in the "Interdenomgranted. If the omission of acknowl- inational Foreign Mission Association" edgment of entire dependence on must have an annual audit and pubIi-sh Christ and the Spirit of God is an an approved financial statement. oversight, then it should be corrected by mature and intelligent Christian – These societies also emphasize evanleadership. The College Gospel teams geJi.sm rather than general education of Burma and Korea have proved their as a method of missionary work; they loyalty to Christ and their spiritual adopt a strict doctrinal creed and acpower to lead others to Him. No less cept the Bible as the inspired Word definitely Christian aim and depend- of God. Living faith in Christ and ence can prove satisfactory. Why can His atonement for sin is accepted as we not have similar Gospel teams go- the only basis of man's ,salvation. ing out from Christian colleges in While some of these missi'Ons have America? not proved successful, their work, as a rule, has been richly blessed and Dependent Independent Mis- their dependence on God for support has proved to be practical. sions* The China Inland Mission, one- of Some of the most effectual evan- the oldest operated on this basis, has gelistic pioneer mission work has been been in existence for over sixty-five started and conducted on undenomi- years, another has operated for seventy national, independent or "faith" lines. years. The total income of fifteen mis- Among theBe societies are the China sions, that report for the last year, Inland Mission, the Africa Inland Mis- reached the sum of $2,029,436. The sion and some twenty others with E)stimated value of their property in headquarters in North America. They the various fields is $1,859,500 and the are not more dependent on God or number of foreign missionaries supmore conducted on "faith" than are ported by them last year was 2,208. many denominational societies, but they are unique in that they have no The Kwato Mission of Papua is onf of the younger undenominational mis- ~oklet giving facts about some of these sions. It includes Christians of many evangelical churches in its fellowship societies has recently been put out by the In- of praying and giving partners. It is terdenominational Foreign Mission Association of North America (11~ Fulton Street, New wholly dependent 'On God for guidance, York).

1981J TOPICS OF THE TIMES

for the supply of every need and for in the republic of Turkey; the Gos- success. Founded by Rev. Chas. W. pel of Mark in Aymara (an Indian Abel, among Cannibals, forty years tribe of Bolivia); the Gospel of Luke ago, a fine, strong, spiritual church has in handwritten Arabic script repro- been built up in Eastern Papua and is duced by photography to disarm the evangelizing the district. prejudice of conservative Moslems The fields where these missions op- against the typeset form of Arabic; erate are -scattered throughout the and the Acts of the Apostles in Chey- world, most of them lying in the in- enne.

terior of the continents of Asia, During the year 4,142 embossed Africa and Latin America. Stress is volumes of Scriptures in Braille and laid upon pioneer work in unevangel- other systems for the blind set a new ized territory. Some of the most dis- record for Bible distribution in this tant missionary outposts in the world form of Scripture. The Bible in whole are occupied by these agencies. or in part has now been translated into 906 languages and dialects.

Is the Bible Out of Date? But to sell or distribute large num- bers of Bibles and Testaments is one During 1930 the American Bible thing and to make sure that these Society distributed 12,035,133 Bibles, Scriptures are read, understood, be- Testaments and P.ortions, the largest lieved and obeyed is another. There in any year in the Society's history. are many unmistakable evidences The translation, publication, and dis- that the Bible is more in demand and tribution last year was in 285 lan- is more widely and thoughtfully read guages. In the United States also the than any other book. It is unfortu- Society reports the largest circulation nately true, however, that the Bible is in its history-four million volumes widely neglected and disregarded by in 135 different languages-more than those who profess to believe in it as a fourfold increase in ten years. the basic source of the Chri,stian re- The Society promoted Scripture dis- ligion. Even in our churches, an in- tribution in thirty-six countries and creasing number of preachers are tak- in addition cooperated with mission- ing their messages from literature, ary societies by making grants of politics, business and social life rather funds and of Scriptures in twelve than from the Bible. In too many European countries. A decline in cir- Sunday-schools less, rather than more, culation abroad below that of 1929 attention is given to Bible teaching occurred in China and Japan but there than formerly and while books about were substantial increases in Siam, in the Bible are increasing, many of them the Philippine Islands, and in the Le- are destructive of faith and fail to vant. G€neral Chang Chih-Kiang for bring out the spiritual teachings.

the third time made a large personal Some schools and colleges are syste- contribution toward the sale and dis- matically undermining faith.

tribution of Bibles in China. In Mex- The result of this neglect and mis- ico there was an increase of twenty- representation is seen in the modern five per cent and the revolution in downward trend in morals. The great Brazil afforded an opportunity for need .of today is not only the wide dis- distribution to soldiers in camps and tribution of the Christian Scriptures , hospitals. but a more earnest and effective move- The year 1930 witnessed publication ment on the part of preachers, teach- ~ for the first time of the following ers, colporteurs, missionaries and par- Scriptures: The Gospel of John in ents to increase interest in Bible Mam (an Indian tribe in Central reading, clearer understanding of its America); the Gospel of Matthew in meaning, more observance of its teach- Turkish in a new version and in Ro- ings and greater devotion to the Christ man characters now required by law who is the central theme. Edited BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK A MISSIONARY CANDLE LIGHTING When the first girl, representing SERVICE-Adapted October, comes down the aisle, a con- (This admits of changes to suit local cealed choir, accompanied by the or- conditions.) ganist or pianist, sings softly two verses of "Bringing in the Sheaves." Instructions: As audience arrives, The music for the rest of the months give each one a candle inserted in a is indicated below. These are only round piece of pasteboard to catch suggestions and other music may be drippings, and a copy of the hymn substituted. Start early to find your "The Light -of the World Is Jesus," hymns, for you may have to look also the following word of explanation: through many old hymnals to find This Candle Lighting Service is one some of them. "The Light of the in which we will all take part. The World Is Jesus," the first line of which large lighted candle represents Christ, is "The whole world was lost in the the Light of 'the World. It is placed darkness of sin"; is published in upon the Bible, the foundation of our "The Methodist Sun day S c h 0 0 I church. Twelve girls, representing the Hymnal." twelve unsullied months of the year, will state briefly some of the objectives of the Let October speak, lighting her Woman's Foreign Society and tell how candle as she does so, then step' to the the year may be kept pure for Christ right of the table. November should and the Church. They light their candles go to the left, December to the right, from this symbolic light of Christ and etc., until the 12 girls make a semi- carry that light to the persons sitting circle facing the audience. in the ends of each row. Those having lighted their small candles from the light After the last girl has spoken the which comes from Christ pass it on to girls go out into the audience, light- -the persons next to them and they on to ing the candles of the persons nearest others until every candle in the room is the aisles. Plan carefully for this part lighted. of the program so that each girl knows exactly where she is to go, and how Then will be sung the hymn, "The the girls are to assemble at the rear Light of the World is Jesus," during that they may come back to the front which time the audience remains seated. again in order and dignity. Each girl Each time the phrase "The Light of the must see that the candle she lights World is Jesus" is sung, everyone is lights the candle beyond, and so on. asked to raise their candle high, lowering it at the end of the phrase. When the semicircle is formed again at the front and all the candles Please keep your candle lighted, and in the room are lighted, then shall be when the choir begins singing the second sung, "The Light of the World Is verse of the hymn, "The Way of the Cross Leads Home," the audience will silently leave the room carrying the lighted candles out into the night.

Setting Jesus." As the phrase "The Light of the World is Jesus" is sung, let the Place a table in the center of the girls lead off in raising the candles room with a rich velvet covering on high, and the audience follows the it. Upon the table place a large Bible, example. The candles are lowered and on the Bible your candle stick, in simultaneously at the end of the which is a tall taper. Have in the phrase.

room no other light than this one At the conclusion of the last verse taper. of this hymn, the cross is formed.

526

METHODS FOR WORKERS

This must be carefully wDrked out and Order for Verses rehearsed beforehand for the success of the service depends upDn the im- 12 pressiveness of this part. The removal 11 of the table and the assembling of 10 necessary equipment must be done 8 65 79 quietly and without any confusiDn. Do 4 not extinguish the candle representing 3 Christ although it may be moved SD 2 that it does not interfere with the 1 cross formation. The first girl sits Verses: crosslegged on the flo.or, the second kneels behind her just as close as 1. "I am the Light of the World." possible, the third kneels on a stoDI, 2. "He that followeth me shall not and the fourth probably stands. See that each girl's chin comes just above walk in darkness but shall have the head of the one in front of her. the light of life." Numbers 5 to 9 form the arms of the 3. "In him was life, and the life cross; and 10, 11 and 12 the top. was the Light of men." The boxes and finally the table on 4. "That was the true light which which the girls stand may be carefully lighteth every man coming into concealed by' a white covering. These the world." sketchy directions will enable you to 5. "He that doeth the truth cometh use your own ingenuity in so arrang- to the light." ing the girls that their hands form a 6. "They that sat in darkness have perfect cross. seen a great light, on them hath the light shined." Each girl holds directly under her 7. "The Lord shall be to thee an chin a flash light which has been everlasting light." covered with thin white paper twisted 8. "Come, let us walk in the light of to a point at the top. When all the the Lord." girls are in place the first girl turns 9. "While ye have the light, believe on her light and repeats verse No. 1. in the light." When she has finished she leaves her 10. "Ye are the Light of the world." light on, and No.2 turns on her light 11. "Let YDur light so shine before and repeats verse N,o. 2, and that men that they may see your good process goes on till all the lights are works." on and all the girls have given a verse 12. "God forbid that I should glory of Scripture about light. save in the Cross of our Lord Jesus Christ." The beauty of the lighted human cross is in the absolute motionless- The Messages of the Months ness of the girls until the audience has left the room. The whole effect may be October-Music, "Bringing in the ruined by the turning of a hand or Sheaves." the tilting of a flash light. October is the month in which the After the last girl has spoken, "In Woman's Foreign Missionary Society the Cross of Christ I Glory." might be starts her year. How fitting it is at sung as a solo by someone not visible this harvest season when we are bringto the audience. This may be followed ing in the sheaves and enjoying the by the choir singing, "The Way of the fruits .of our labors, that we rededicate Cross Leads Home" as the audience ourselves anew with a forward look departs. to the year ahead. Because of the joy we have found in sharing our religion Costumes: White robes and Gre- with the less fortunate women of cian headbands of white ribbon. other nations, we crave for others this opportunity for rendering service and so we seek at this time new members

for our Society. I light my candle to- candles tonight for I represent night in recognition of the 600,000 Stewardship-the stewardship 'Of members wha are working tagether to Prayer, 'Of Personality, and of Possend the Gospel to the 'One billiDn non- sessions. Let us give generously 'Of Christian WDmen in 'Other lands. 'Our time, our talents, and 'Our mDney.

November-Music, "Come Ye Thank- February-Music, "America."

ful Peaple, Come." I (lome representing the shartest When November CDmes and the and yet in SDme respects the greatest crDps are gathered in, we WhD are the mDnth 'Of the year for Americans. pilgrims' children will CDme in the FDr this is the month wherein we celespirit of Thanksgiving tD the House brate the birthdays 'Of the great 'Of the Lord bringing with us 'Our Father of our CDuntry, George Washsmall share tD add to that 'Of 'Others. ington, and the name 'Of the SaviDur What a glad Thanksgiving it will be if of the UniDn, Abraham LinC'Oln. That the two and 'One-half milliDn dollars 'Of their names and fame may nDt perish last year's gifts and the added dues of from the earth I this night light my new members bring us tD a three mil- candle at the altar from whence they lion dDllar goal. May GDd's blessing received their inspiratiDn and light. rest upon us in those wDrds as I light As lDng as America keeps this light my candle-"Well dDne gDod and faith- shining befDre men, SD lDng will she ful servant.". be the leader of men and 'Of natiDns December-Music, "Joy to the World." toward that fair city whDse founda- tions are laid in righteousness and When bleak December comes with equity, whDse builder and maker is its shortened days and IDng evenings God. As we pay tribute to the past let us sit by the fireside and in the may we lDDk fDrward tD 'Our church glDW 'Of the lamplight read frDm the ·of tomDrrDw whose leade.rship will pages 'Of 'Our missionary paper the CDme from our college halls. That the graphic descriptions and effective in- student wDrld may better know Him terpretatiDns of our great missionary who is the SDurce of all life, may we cause. The infDrmation and inspira- each aim to touch the life of SDme coltion will stimulate our Christmas mis- lege student with a message 'Of our sionary offering. No library table is WDrk. cDmplete withDUt this magazine. Dur- ing this mDnth we celebrate the birth March-Music, "Faith of Our Fa- of Him who is the Light of Life, the ther'S."

Giver 'Of every gDDd and perfect gift. March is a holy month in the Chris- Let not the activity 'Of the Christmas tian calendar. It is the time f.or re- seaSDn dim 'Our vision 'Of Christ and membering the passiDn and sacrifice His Love. His words "Peace 'On earth, 'Of 'Our LDrd. And SD in this month gODd will toward men" challenge us, some 'Of the di·sciples. of the Kingdom as we light the Christmas candle, ever were inspired to found a great society to look 'Outward toward men and up- fDr the uplifting 'Of the womanhoDd 'Of ward tDward GDd. the wDrld. I light my candle in CDm- January-Music, "Another Year memDratiDn 'Of Founder's Day of the Dawning." Woman's Foreign Missionary Society honoring thDse nDble women who near- I am the month 'Of new resDives and ly sixty years agD caught the vision fresh beginnings. In the 'Old pagan frDm the light of Christ's CDuntenance. mythDlDgy men spDke of me as the doorkeeper of heaven. Yet this I know, Aprilr–Music, "Rejoice Ye Pure in that unless men light the torch of Heart."

their hDpeS at the Source 'Of all true April's resurrection Scene recalls tD light, all their resDlving will but lead us the JDYDUS fact 'Of this strDng fDun- tD utter darkness. SD I light three datiDn of 'Our faith. In this mDnth we

METHODS FOR WORKERS

sing the songs of triumph which pro- undimmed to a little child who in turn claim that our Christ is an ever-living will prove a Light Bearer for the Saviour. We also rejoice because so Saviour. many answered that command, "Go ye into all the world and preach the Gos- July-Music, "0 Beautiful for Spapel to every creature." That our seven cious Skies." hundred missionaries may know how gratefully we appreciate the sacrifices To all Americans July is the nourthat they are making, we give a joyous ishing month of patriotism. We glory and liberal Thank Offering at this in the fact that we are a free nation. time to further carryon the great But let us beware lest our patriotism work of building the Kingdom of G.od degenerate into a narrow provincialin other lands. I light this candle ism. It is easier for a nation to be with a prayer that Stewardship of selfl·sh than for that nation to be spirit- Giving may soon send light into all ual. I would have the good of America dark places. crowned with brotherhood from sea to shining sea. Those.of us who have May-Music, "Let the Lowe.r Lights been privileged to enjoy mountain-top Be Burning." experiences appreciate the importance of setting aside a week in this busy In the ancient time, so the Hebrew month each year to learn more about story runs, God ,created the heavens other nations with whom we hope to and the earth and all that is therein. share our Christ. America the beauti- On completing His great task, He ful will remain America the glorious looked abroad and declared that it was only as she lets the light of the Lord very good. It is appropriate in this shine upon the Stars and Stripes. That month when nature is creating beauty this light shall not fail throughout the everywhere that we honor the mothers coming year, I take my light from of mankind. Let us pause in our mis- Him who is the Lord of lords and sionary effort and combine our pro- King of kings. grams with those of our daughters who march as the Standard Bearers of August-Music, "0 Day of Rest and the King. Tonight I light my candle Gladness." for the mothers and daughters who walk side by side, a common purpose I corne calling the sons of men from in their goals, that of making Christ the fields of toil to the temple .of the live in the hearts and lives of men. open-air, where God dwelleth in the wide open spaces. For truly to those June-Music, "Shepherd of Tender whose light of life is lit at the light of Youth." Chri,st, the heavens declare the glory of God and the firmament showeth his June is the month of roses and of handiwork. Yet in the month of homemaking, for love and beauty ever August many who g·o on vacation leave should be mates. Yet roses can wither the path of rectitude, for they see and love can die and the light of June naught of the God who paints the wayturn to the darkness of doom. Not so, side lily and the sunset heavens. Thus however, will it be for those who have the light which they have is but darkthe light of the world upon the altar ness still. So when to the temple hills of their homes. you go, add the light of Christ to the light of day, and joy that is rich and In this month we will plant a garden free shall be yours, for you will have with love and hope, and in it we will him for company in whose hand are put little children. Christ said, "Suf- pleasures f.or evermore. fer the little children to come unto me fur of such is the Kingdom of September-Music, "Be Strong." Heaven." During this month the great com- And so I light my candle tonight pany of missionary giVers open their with a prayer that I may pass it on 4

mite boxes and lay their treasures at to' start with. A picture of Miss Wa- the feet of the Master. The thousands kuyama, the first Christian kinder- of dollars these little boxes reveal each garten teacher in Japan, and a story year are a testimony to the loving of what she has done with the little loyalty of countless sacrificial givers. ones of her land will touch the heart In this month when we honor the of any mother. Such pictures may be men of toil and ascribe dignity to labor used on place cards, or in Bible class room, or anywhere adult eyes will let us reconsecrate ourselves 00 the rest. work of the Lord in loving service and Touch with the Home increase our gifts in gratitude to Him who has provided so abundantly for Most of us realize that home attius. With this pledge I light my candle. tudes have more effect upon a child As we close this missionary cycle may than anything the leader of an organiwe renew and strengthen our work on zation may teach. Keeping in touch with the home and changing the every line. mother's atttitude is most important REAOHING ADULTS THROUGH if the child is to be kept interested in POSTERS missionary work. Be sure that the in- Very often our posters, however ef- vitations and greeting cards sent to fective, fail to reach those for whom his home are of the kind that will they are intended because of the place influence the parents. Missionary in which they' are posted. If your birthday cards with a real missionary church has a nursery, or mother's rest message mailed to each child on his birthday will naturally reach the room, be sure to post effective placards mother's eye. on its walls. To reach the fathers, use the men's club room and the men's The songa that he carries home Bible classroom for your posters. must not ,only be missionary in spirit but must also be accurately memorized Suggestions for Posters so that the mother listening to the If your Junior Missionary organi- words may unconsciously receive a zation includes cradle roll age groups a missionary message.

poster with the words- The handwork which he carries FROM MOTHER'S ARMS TO (name of home must also bear testimony to the organization) spirit of missions.

Use an attractive picture of a baby Most important of all is the prayer to catch a mother's eye. life of the child. Many a parent has been led to take an interest in people Pictures of boys of athletic age will of a different race through the earnest interest a father. These words with prayers which the child pours out an attractive picture may be used: nightly for his friends across the sea.

EVERY WEEK Is BoYS' WEEK IN (name The stories which he will undoubtedly of organization) tell at home also have an immeasura- A flight of stairs leading to an open bly .stl'ong effect upon the parents.

church door into which children are Stories entering with the words: Presentation by the teacher of mis- STEPS TO EFFICIENT CHURCH sionary stories and books to the child MEMBERSHIP (name of organization) is often a means to the desired end as the parent, or adult in the home, often Use of Pictures reads the story to the child. Selection Sometimes pictures may bring home of these stories is most important.

to parents the need of missionary Every Board, as well as the Mission- training and its importance in the life ary Education Movement in New York of the child. Any good picture of deals in such books and most Boards Christ with the children is effective have catalogues which are easily se-

METHODS FOR WORKERS

cured and which will help in the selec- When in India, I was invited to at- tion of the pr'Oper stories. tend the dedicati'On of a beautiful tem- Missi'Onary story-telling is 'One 'Of ple of Christian worship. The c'Ongrethe m'Ost effective methods f'Or reach- gation, which filled that temple at the ing the adult. The important p'Oint, dedication, was started years ag'O with however, is that the story be told eight believers, saved fr'Om starvation where the disinterested adult will be by famine relief workeJ:1s, and was reached. Telling missi'Onary st'Ories drawn from an outcast community; at missIOnary gatherings is not now, a great host, they were rejoicing en'Ough. Sunday-scho'Ols, Daily Vaca- before the Lord in a fine stone buildti'On Bible Sch'Ools and Week-day Re- ing, worthy 'Of any c'Ongregation in the ligi'Ous Schools are splendid channels United States, and best 'Of all, it was thr'Ough which the missi'Onary story- provided by their own self-denying 'Oftelling may be used for the child. T'O ferings. This is a church of which reach the adult, h'Owever, 'Other places every member dedicates to the Lord a must be bJ:1ought into use. A mission- proporti'On-in most cases, at least a ary-minded adult can use st'Ories ef- tenth of the income, meagre though it fectively in clubs, adult 'Organizati'Ons is in alm'Ost every ca-se. At Medak, in the heart of the most and adult classes 'Of many kinds. The populous Moslem state of all India, the -stories must of course be selected t'O D'Ominion of the Nizam of Hyderabad, touch the adult heart. St'Ories ab'Out has recently risen a Christian church children, rather than children's stories, which is the wonder of all that part 'Of are necessary for this purpose. the world. Christmas Day a great c'On- THE LEVER THAT LIFTS THE gregation dedicated their h'Ouse 'Of WORLD worship with sacrificial giving and re- joicing like that which made mem'O- By DR. DAVID MCCONAUGHY rable the dedication of the temple of That was a shrewd old Grecian phi- old. The chairman said: l'Osopher who is credited with having "Through ten long years you have made some such remark as this: "Give toiled and saGrificed that you might me a place where I can rest a l'Ong rejoice this day. Do you regret the enough lever and I can lift the earth." 50,000 Rupees (equivalent in purchas- What Archimedes vainly dreamed 'Of, ing power to considerably more than Jesus actually set ab'Out bringing to 50,000 d'Ollars) that your l'Oving hearts pass. That place was Calvary; that have 'Offered?"

lever was the Cross, and, assuredly 'Our The people responded: "Victmy t'O Lord is lifting the l'Ost w'Orld back t'O Jesus; may his kingdom c'Ome."

G'Od. And all wh'O w'Ork t'Ogether with White-capped nurses, school boys him t'O lift the IQad 'Of the world's sin, and school girls, rescued famine waifs, are members 'Of his br'Otherhood. "He started the l'Ong processi'On to the that doeth the will 'Of God, the same is front 'Of the church with offerings.

my br'Other." But the world's Saviour Last of all, came an old woman, un- cann'Ot be content with anything less noticed by the others; but the Lord than lifting the whole w'Orld; and it himself, who watched the givers in the takes a wh'Ole gospel to save a whole Temple at Jerusalem, again saw a wid- world. Is it n'Ot because the church 'Ow, as she t'Ottered t'Oward the altar has had but a partial gospel, that she rail and placed her love gift 'Of three has lacked lifting p'Ower? As she re- pice (one cent) on the altar.

c'Overs the full-orbed G'Ospel of Him Such 'Object less'Ons as these are t'O- who not 'Only died, but rose again with kens 'Of the mighty lifting p'Ower 'Of all power and fearlessly applied His Christ who is changing n'Ot only indi- G'Ospel t'O the wh'Ole of life, including viduals but whole congregati'Ons int'O p'Ossessi'Ons as well as pers'Onality, w'Orthy stewards of the manifold grace w'Onderful results inevitably fQllow. 'Of G'Od.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd Street, New York Council of Women for Home Missions FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America PROTESTANT CHURCH WOMEN carried on in cooperation with the UNITE IN SERVICE Missionary Education Movement.

A Statemf'ut by the Presidents of the Fed- Church agencies are not static; eration of Woman's Boards of Foreign Mis- the same broadening of interest that sion,s of North America, Council of Women for has come to women generally has Home Missions and National Council of Feder- touched the women's mLssionary orated Church Women.

Following the Ecumenical Confer- ganizations of the churches, and has ence on Foreign Missions held in New been reflected in the topics forming York City in 1900 there was organized part of the programs. the first woman's interdenominational group, known as the Central Commit- Christian social service, law Dbtee on the United Study of Foreign servance, Christian citizenship, indus- trial, race and international relations Missions, whkh body for thirty year·s and other interests have become vital has published foreign mission study issues, and many women's church orbooks. The fellowship thus developed ganizations are considering them in among church women led in 1915 to addition to the mission work of their the formation of the Federation of own denominations; some societies, Woman's Boards of F'Oreign Missions adding these newer responsibilities to of North America which now has in those already assumed, have become its membership twenty-nine denomi- associatIons or federations. national women's boards of foreign Christian citizenship, however, and missions of the United States and Canada. This body unitedly consid- these other interests are not denomi- national tasks, but common to all ers the whole task of Foreign Mis- Christian women, so it was natural sions, provides Christian literature that, seeking strength in unity, the for mission lands and stimulates in- women's organizations of the IDcal terest in the Women's Union Chris- churches of a community have in a tian Colleges of the Orient. number of places united to form local interdenominational councils or fed- United study of Home Missions was erations, through which Christian begun in 1903 through a committee representative of women's home mis- women might express themselves in sion boards, which led to the organiza- influence and service.

tion in 1908 'Of the Council of Women For years both the Council of Womfor Home Missions, which now has in en for Home Missions and the Federits membership twenty-four denomi- ation of Woman's Hoards of Foreign national boards of the United States Missions had contact with local interand Canada. This body unitedly denominational groups, the earliest of stUdies the efforts put forth for Chris- which were organized as long as tianizing America and furthers the twenty-five or thirty years ago. Un- joint interests of its constituent der the impetus of the Foreign Misbodies through publicity and special sion Jubilee, many more came into social welfare projects, notably work existence. They were generally among Migrants, and Religious Edu- named "Women's Church and Miscation in Government Indian Schools. sionary Union" ; later the name, In recent years the publication of ''Women's Church and Missionary home mission study books has been Federation" was used. As newer 532 groups with more inclusive programs the National Council of Federated increased in number, both the Coun- Church Women met in joint session cil and the Federation gradually en- in March, 1930, and approved the follarged the scope of their activities to lowing recommendations: include these new interdenominational groups and through a Joint Commit- That an Advisory Relationships Comtee on Women's Church and Mission- mittee be appointed; that its duties be ary Federations assisted them in their to study the programs of the three ornew undertakings. By 1928 about ganizations, plan for the approach to the fourteen hundred local interdenomi- local interdenominational groups, pronational groups had been formed. gressively discover the work that can be done together, and make recommenda- In December, 1925, the Council of tions; that the committee consist of Women for Home Missions and the three members of each of the three or- Federation of Woman's Boards of ganizations, one of whom in each case be Foreign Missions cooperated in the the president. first conference of representatives of the interdenominational groups. This Upon the ratification of these recmeeting in Pittsburgh was followed ommendations by the three organizaby annual conferences, the purpose be- tions in separate session, the Ading to stimulate the organization of visory Relationships Committee was other similar groups, and to secure appointed. In formulating a plan of greater effe'ctiveness in service by cooperation, the committee bore in Protestant women through unified mind the following principles: planning of their efforts. (1) That the establishment the world In 1927 the Council of Women for around of a Christian social order in Home Missions and the Federation of which all areas of life shall be brought Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions into harmony with the life and teaching were asked by the local interdenomi- of Jesus Christ is accepted as the ideal national groups to confer as to plans of these three groups working jointly; for harmonizing the efforts of church women more fully. As a result there (2) That a unified program of servwas formed in 1928 the National Com- ice should be prepared which, recognizmission of Protestant Church Wom- ing the difference in type and in the esen, with official representatives there- tablished alignments of these organizaon of the Council, the Federation, and tions should be the suggested plan the local interdenominational groups. through which they, moving toward fur- ther coordinated efforts, would speak At Buffalo in June, 1928, the latter and work unitedly. group formally organized nationally, and at Boston in 1929 adopted the The plan of cooperation as thus far name National Council of Federated outlined is: That in the approach to Church Women. At the end of 1929, the local interdenominational groups the National Commission of Protes- the three .organizations cooperate tant Church Women was dissolved. through the Relationships Committee which shan outline general policies; In fulfillment of the desire of these that the Committees on World Day of three organizations that all matters of Prayer, International Relations, and common interest be studied unitedly, Conferences and Schools of Missions and that by common agreement tasks be made joint committees representabe allocated to one or another of the tive of the three organizati.ons; that bodies, thus preventing confusion and local interdenominational groups be overlapping in the approach to Prot- urged to build well-rounded programs estant church women, the Administra- including local, national and internative Committees of the Council of tional interests; that in the approach Women for Home Missions, the Fed- to the I 0 c a I interdenominational eration of Woman's Boards of For- groups (1) Home Missions and Miseign Missions of North America and sionary Education for Home Missions be recognized as the special respon- sibility of the Council of Women for Home Missions, (2) Foreign Missions and Missionary Education for For-

eign Missions, as the special responsi- Chapman Catt, eight of these national bility of the Federation of Woman's women's organizations joined in call- Boards of Foreign Missions, (3) Spir- ing a Conference on the Cause and itual Life and the Christian Hume, Cure of War, which was held in Wash- Religiou-s Education, Christian Citi- ington, in January, 1925, nine organ- zenship, Legislation and Law Observ- izations participating. Out of this ance, Social Service, Drama and Mo- grew the desire for an annual con- tion Pictures, as the special responsi- ference and for a committee which bility of the National Council of Fed- should plan the program for such erated Church Women; that the af- meetings, and carry out through the filiation fees of local interdenomina- year the recommendations made by tional groups be paid to the National the delegates. Thus the National Council of Federated Church Women; Committee on the Cause and Cure of that the World Day of Prayer offer- War was set up with Mrs. Catt as ings be given to the special objects chairman, the committee being com- designated by the Council of Women posed of the president and chairman for Home Missions and the Federa- of International Relations of each par- tion of Woman's Boards of Foreign ticipating organization. Missions, such gifts being considered as constituting affiliation with those The National Committee has taken organizations. as its general objectives (1) the build- ing of effective peace machinery, (2) These recom'mendations having been the reducti.on of war machinery, and approved by v·ote of the three organ- (3) the obtaining of security against izations, the presidents are authorized war for every nation. In the interest to give them publicity in this joint 'of these objectives the annual conferstatement. ences are held to study some phase of one or all of these questions, to take MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD, President such actions as may be deemed wise, Council of Women for Home Missions. and to initiate a program for study and cooperative action among the MRS. HOWARD WAYNE SMITH, President membel's of the organizations con- Federation of Woman's Boards of For- nected with the committee. The num- eign Missions of North America. ber of organizations (looperating is now eleven, among them the Council MRS. JOHN FERGUSON, PreBident of Women for Home Missions and National Council of Federated Church Federation of Woman's Boards of Women. Foreign Missions of North America.

WORKING TOGETHER FOR PEACE The Sixth Conference on the Cause and Cure of War was held in Wash- By ELINOR K. PURVES ington, January 19-22, 1931.* The program centered around disarma- Miss Purves is chairman of the Committee ment and the building up of peace on International Relations of the Council of machinery, most of the speakel's em- 'Vornen for Home Missions. That committee phasizing the need for effective peace and the similar Committee of the }t'ederation machinery if disarmament is to make of 'Vornan's Boards 01' Foreign MiSSions, of any headway among the nations, The which Mrs, E, H, Silverthorn is chairman, conference reaffirmed its belief that the United States should become a work as a unit, member of the Permanent Court of The National Committee on the tReport of the Sixth COllfer(,llce may be Cause and Cure of War had its in- obtained from the National Committee on the ception in an attempt to secure coop- Cause and Cure of War, 1116 Grand Central erative action among some of the Terminal Bldg., New York City, for $1.00_ A .national women's organizations which pamphlet giving origin, aim and activities of have departments .of international re- the National Committee may also be procured lations through which they are trying for 5c, per copy; $4,00 per 100. to interest their membership in the study of international problems and the promotion of cooperation among the nations of the world for the maintenance. of world peace.

Under the leadership .of Mrs. Carrie

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

International Justice, and urged fa- her study not only as a possible con- vorable action by the Senate upon the tribution towards the solution of the three protocols submitted to it by the problem in question but as material President of the United States, De- for information and study for the cember 10, 1930. women of America who, through their Another resolution urged that steps organizations, are connected with the be taken to secure international con- National Committee on the Cause and ference by treaty agreement in time Cure of War, and to whom the reof cri'sis, and to determine the course cipient of the scholarship would be to be taken with a nation violating available as a speaker at program the Kellogg-Briand Pact. The Con- meetings. Definite requirements for ference also recommended to its mem- ,such a scholarship have been drawn bers the study of the agenda for the up and the candidate who has been Disarmament Conference to be held successful in meeting these requirein 1932, and the study and endorse- ments and will go abroad this summent when possible, of measures the mer is Mrs. Rachael Nason, of Conpurpose of which is to abolish military necticut.

training in secondary schools and to The National Committee has pre- make such training elective in col- pared a petition to go to the Dis- leges, universities, and educational armament Conference in 1932, and institutions other than those which through its member organizations are essentially military. hopes to secure over one million sig- The program for the year as adopt- natures. These organizations are not ed by the conference combines edu- primarily peace societies, being orcation and united acHon. It includes ganized for varying purposes and continued work on the World Court representing all kinds of programs, and the Disarmament Conference, and educational, civic, social and religious, suggests study of the League of Na- and reaching down through clubs and tions, a consultative pact, and eco- church societies into practically every nomic problems which cause war. It city and town in the United States.

was decided to build the program for The women of the church are re- the next conference around this last lated to this National Committee theme. through their local church societies The National Gommittee has been which are related to their denominain touch with women's organizations tional mission boards, and through of other countries which are inter- them related to the Council of Women ested in peace and world cooperation, for Home Missions and the Federation and at the conference in January, it ()f Woman's Boards of Foreign Miswas recommended that a committee sions. These bodies have taken active be appointed which should act as a part in the work of the National Com- Contact Committee between the wom- mittee on the Cause and Cure of War en of the United States and the wom- from its beginning. Mrs. D. Everett en of other countries in order that Waid, of the Council of Women for the various groups might be mutually Home Missions was at the time' of informed of significant steps towards her death a vice-president, Mrs. E. H. international understanding which Silverthorn, a former president of the were being taken by any of these Federation of Woman's Boards of groups. Foreign Missions followed her as a An interesting development of the vice-president of the National Com- work of the committee is the decision mittee, and this year one of the vice- to establish a scholarship by means presidents is Mrs. Fred S. Bennett, a of which a young woman shall be sent former president of the Council of abroad to study one of the "sore Women for Home Missions.

spots" of Europe, using the results of The women of the churches will be

asked to sign the petition on disarm- VISITING THE MIGRANT WORK ament, to work for the entrance of the United States into the World For some years the women of the Court, and to cooperate with women churches have been reading and hearin clubs and societies of various kinds ing about the migrants and their in the building up of better world needs and they have responded most understanding and the promotion of generously to appeals made in their world peace, which should be one of behalf. To visit the work has not the aims of all missionary endeavor. occurred to many, perhaps because mission fields are usually very far Participating Organizations away and sometimes difficult to reach. The situation is a bit different in the American Association of University case of the migrant work for the mi- Women. grants are "on our very doorstep" and Council ·of Women for Home Mis- "WE THANK THEE FOR THIS FOOD" sions. many .of the fields where work is be- Federation of Woman',s Boards of ing carried on can be reached by car Foreign Missions of North America. in half a day, sometimes less. Why not plan either this summer or this General Federation of Women's fall to visit the migrant work, have a Clubs. personal contact with the migrants and see what the work means to those National Board of the Young Wom- who are "followin'g the crops"? en's Christian Ass'ociaUons.

National Council of Jewish Women. National Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs.2 National League of Women Voters. National Woman's Christian Temperance Union. National W,omen's Oonference of American Ethical Union." National Women's Trade Union League.'

Witbout symbol, called first conference. 1 Participated in first conference. 2.Joined January, 1929 conference. S JoIned Janu ary, 1930 conference.

M-igrant Work Nationality C1"OP Season of M igrant CALIFORNIA Dos Palos •. . .. . . Mexican . …•. . … . Cotton . . …. . …. . . Oct.-Apr. Walnut Grove . . . 14 Nationalities . …. Asparagus …… . . ' April-July Hemet . . .•…… White American . … . Apricots ….. . ….. Aug. 15-0ct. 1 Kingsburg …… Mexican ……. . … Grapes •….. . . . . . . Aug. I5-0ct. 1 Fowler ………. Mexican ……… .. Grapes ………… Aug. I5-0ct. 10 OREGON Hood River …. , .White American ….. Apples …… .. ….. Sept.-Oct. Newberg .. . .. . .. White American … . . Hops ……… . … ' Sept.-Oct.

COLORADO Eaton •• • .•. • .••. Mexican .. . ……. . Sugar beets …….. All year program Brighton ..•..• } Greeley ……• Mexican •………• Sugar beets ……..All year program Hudson …… .

DELAWARE .. . . . …….. Beans, Tomatoes . . .. Aug. 15-Nov. 1 . . ……..•.. Beans, Tomatoes . … JUly 1-0ct. 15 Camden . . ….. . .Polish .. • ….•….. Beans, Tomatoes . … July 1-0ct. 1 Houston …… . .Negro …………. Beans, Tomatoes . … Aug. 1-0ct. 1 Lewes …….. . .Polish Rehoboth …••.•.Polish

Migrant Work N atlonallty Crop Sea.on 01 Migrant MARYLAND Hurlock ……… Negro …………. Tomatoes ………. Aug. 8-Oct.I NEW JERSEY Barnegat ……. Italian …………. Cranberries …. . .. Sept. 1-0ct. 15 Pemberton …… Italian …… . ….. Cranberries …….. Sept. I-Oct. 15 Whitesbog ……Italian …………. Blueberries ……… July I-Aug. 9 Whitesbog …… Italian …………. Cranberries …….. Sept. 1-0ct. 15 NEW YORK Brant ……….. Italian …………. Strawberries, Peas, Beans, Tomatoes .••. June-Sept. 15 For further details write to the National Defence by Kirby Page. Farrar Council of Women for Home Missions, and Rinehart, New York. 1931. $3.00. 105 East 22nd Street, New York, N. Y. Disarmament by Salvador de Madariaga. Coward, McCann, New York. 1929. AS WILLIAM JAMES SAW IT $5.00.

From Weekly New., New York League of Military and Naval Expenditures. Edito- rial Research Reports, Washington. Women Voters. July 25, 1930. To be obtained in li- braries. ..At the time of the Venezuelan incident in 1895, William James in a letter to a Limitation of Air Armaments. Foreign friend, Mrs. Evans, wrote wise words Policy Association Information Servthat fit the present time when reduction ice, 18 E. 41st St., New York. October of navies, disarmament, compulsory arbi- 29, 1930. 25c. tration, are debated in parliaments and where rumors of war and outbreaks in American Diplomacy in the Modern World limited areas continually threaten the by Arthur Bullard. Chapter on disprecarious peace of the world. We take armament. 127 pp. University of Pennthese from an article in the Atlantic sylvania Press, Philadelphia. 1928. Monthly for September, 1929. $1.50.

'~Three days of mob hysteria can at Between War and Peace by Florence any time undo peace habits of a hun- Brewer Boeckel. Chapters on disarmdred years; and the only permanent ament. National Council for Prevensafeguard against irrational explo- tion of War. $1.50. sions of the fighting instinct is absence of armament and of opportunity. The Turn Toward Peace by Florence Since this country has absolutely Brewer Boeckel. Chapter on disarmanothing to fear, nor any other coun- ment. Council of Women for Home try anything to gain from its inva- Missions and Missionary Education sion, it seems to me that the party Movement. $1.00 and 60c. of civilization ought immediately, at any (lost of discredit, to begin to agi- Dtsarmament on the Great Lakes by tate against any increase of either Charles H. Levermore. World Peace army, navy or coast defense. That is Foundation, 40 Mt. Vernon St., Boston. the one form of protection against the 1914. 5c. internal enemy on which we can most rely." New Wars: New Weapons by J. M. Ken- worthy. 160 pp. Elkin, Mathews and DISARMAMENT READING Marrot, 54 Bloomsbury St., W.C., Lon- don. 1930. 38, 6d. Compiled by National Council for Prevention oj War Chemical Warfare-Its POSSibilities and Probabilities by Elvira K. Fradkin. The Issues of the General Disarmament Carnegie Endowment for International Conference by Laura Puffer Morgan. Peace, 405 W. 117th St., New York. In preparation. National Council for 1929. 5c. Prevention of War. 25c. Political Consequences of the World War by Ramsay Muir. Home University Library of Modern Knowledge. 252 pp. Henry Holt and Co., New York. 1931. $1.25.

BEGIN TO PREPARE FOR WORLD DAY OF PRAYER, FEBRUARY 12, 1932

ORlD-WiDE

ISLANDS OF THE SEA the Sumatra Conference seemed to Missions in New Guinea exemplify world brotherhood.

THE Utrecht Mission turned back Reports brought out plainly the dif- the field to the Indian Church. ficulties and problems, and withal the This latter, embodying all of Ambon opportunities of the work in Sumatra. with more than 150,000 Christians, The diversity of conditions and lansaw in this a loud call of God and in guage call for the greatest ingenuity. a short time sent 40 Gurus int() this In reporting on the Asahan d.istrict, distant field. As the matter now Dr. A. H. Prussner described the stands, the Papuans of that region by three-sided struggle of paganism, no means want to be "Key People" Islam and Christianity, each striving (so named from the chief seat of the to surmount the other two. Tlle Catholic Church on the Key Islands) battle for Christianity is far from but wish to be '''Ambon People" (Prot- won. At Palembang the Sundayestants). They are crowding in school of 150 is one-half Malay, showmasses into the Protestant churches ing that Mohammedans are being and ,schools. touched to a degree. An encouraging The Neuendettelsau Mission, which thing is the request for preachers and is working in the former Kaiser Wil- teachers coming from Chinese towns helm Land, is reporting great gains. and villages around Palembang–en- Their work is among the Papuan and oouraging, yet disheartening, because Melanesian tribes. During the last the requests cannot be granted. three years the number of their baptised members has increased by 4,140 AD10ng the Igorots amounting in all to 22,026! In 1929 which is the last year covered by their I N the Protestant Episcopal Mission report, they added 2,646 adults by at Sagada, Luzon, some 8,000 peobaptism and 1,354 children. The work ple have been baptized and more than of the missionaries is progressing 3,500 are communicants. The number under the added difficulties of being is continually growing. It is useless carried on in a gold field. New gold to expect that priests and teachers can is being found oonstantly and that be sent from America to minister brings with it an influx of most un- to all these people. Workers among desirable elements. Besides, there is the Igorots themselves must be so much disease and sickness that the trained to minister to their own peomissionaries are clamoring for med- ple. For many years a school has ical missionaries. been operated in these mountains at Sagada. At first it was difficult to SUD1atra News get Igorot children to recognize the value of an education. Life in the THE third session of the Sumatra open was preferable to being cooped Mission Conference, held in Medan all day long in a classroom, studying last February, was characterized by strange new things in an unfamiliar unusual internationalism. With rep- language. Friends, snaring birds on resentatives from Germany, Sweden, the hills, gathering snails and lizards Holland and America, China and vari- and other juicy edibles in the mounous parts of the Dutch East Indies, tain brooks, were lures that enticed 538 them again and again away from those about their work to the Japanese Govwho were trying to teach them. ernment, but are in no wise hindered in their work. It is perhaps the only Conditions have changed. Brothers example of the kind in all missionary of some of these children have been history and the Japanese Government educated; they are earning unbeliev- has been punctilious in the performable sums of money, some $15, some ance of its assumed obligations. $25 a month. These men have power, influence; they are much more ad- Disciples in the Philippines mired and respected than the boys of old who ran away from the foreigners AT THE annual meeting of the and who now get a scant livelihood by Christian mission the plan was arduous toil in the ricefields, or by adopted, subject to the approval of traveling, almost daily, four, five, the United Christian missionary soeven six miles, to fetch firewood for ciety and the Philippine churches, for cooking their bit of rice and sweet reorganization of the mission with potatoes. So the boys of today, with equal representation of Filipinos and the encouragement of their fathers, missionaries on the advisory board. are seeking an education which will The plan provides for the creation of enable them to live a better and more a delegate national convention of the useful life; they walk-and the girls, Churches .of Christ in the Philippines too-for three days over almost im- as soon as travel and economic condipassable trails, across raging torrents, tions make it possible. Another act through territory their fathers would was the adoption of a definite schedule not have dared penetrate because of for the Filipinization of the evangelthe hostility of the occupants, and this istic work in the area around Manila. on the bare chance of being admitted The missionary who serves in this to an already overcrowded school. The work is, within four years, to be withobject of the school is to train boys drawn altogether and placed in other and girls who will do the Church's work. A Filipino secretary will carry work in these mountains. They have on in the place of the mis,sionary. The shown an ability we did not dream third act of interest was the creation they possessed, until now we feel sure of a department of social welfare, to our hopes for the impossible can be supplement the usual fields of misrealized.-The Living Church. sionary work known as medical, edu- cational, and evangelistic. This de- A Remarkable Mission partment will deal with the problems incident upon Filipino emigration to AFTER the War the Marshall Is- Hawaii and America. lands, which had belonged to Germany, were made mandatory to In American Islands Japan by the League of Nations. One stipulation was made, to the effect NOW and again we are reminded that the inhabitants should continue that others beside those in North to receive training by Protestant mis- America live under the Stars and .sionaries. Japan consented and sent Stripes. It has recently been profour Japanese Protestant mission- posed to give American citizenship to aries, to which since then it added the natives of Tutuila, in the Samoan two more. The Japanese Government group. Most Samoans can read and pays the salaries of these mission- write, and all are Christian. Since aries, supplies each one with a dwell- they own their land and foreigners ing, grants child aid and contributes are not permitted to buy it, they are a quota to medical expenses. The increasing in number. government also pays transportation to and from the field and grants a The Philippines have a native popfurlough every three years. The mis- ulation of ten million. Most true sionaries are required to send reports Filipino·s are Christians, (two-thirds

being Roman Catholic), while the in America they claim many converts, Moros are Mohammedan. especially. among the colored people. From Chicago headquarters is edited Guam, an island of only 210 square a monthly called The Moslem Sunrise. miles, about 1,500 miles from Manila, has a variety of mixed races with the Chinese Conduct Missions Malay strain predominating.

T In addition to these groups and HE Chinese Church of ChrIst, Chi- cago, the only Chinese Christian Hawaii, the United States has two other possessions in the Pacific, Wake Church in the Central States, conducts Island, between Hawaii and Hong- seven missions for the purpose of con- kong (about one square mile in area) verting Chinese to Christianity and and the Midway Islands, 1,200 miles teaching them the English language.

northwest of Hawaii. Wake Island is This work was organized 15 years ago uninhabited and there are about and is interdenominational in scope.

thirty-five persons living on the Mid- Funds to aid it are being secured way Islands. through the selling of Chinese dinners Puerto Ricans are American citi- and the sale of Oriental fancy goods.

zens, as are natives of the Virgin Ravages of the Automobile Islands. THE public seems to be indifferent about the enormous slaughter NORTH AMERICA caused by the automobile, yet were a pestilence to breed such destruction Searching Facts of life the land would be in a panic. Statistics compiled by the Metropoli- WHAT the Home Missions Council tan Life Insurance Company show calls "the unescapable challenge that the machine has been responsible of the unmet religious needs of the for 282,000 killings in the last fifteen nation" is that there are in America years, of which 1930 contributed 32,- today: 500 while the injured totaled 960,000. Pedestrians were slain to the number Ten thousand communities without a of 14,034, while 329,712 were injured. church of any kind, Jewish, Roman In the matter of collisions with other Catholic or Protestant; vehicles there were 373,889 smashes resulting in 6,712 deaths and 473,953 Thirty thousand communities with- mJuries. Fixed objects were hit to out a resident pastor; the number of 41,454, with 3,586 fa- talities. Out of the enormous total, Thirteen million four hundred thou- 564,630 cases were traced to downsand children under 12 years of age right carelessness, to which 27,235 who are receiving no religious in- deaths and 643,795 injuries were struction of any kind; More than one-half of the total Arne ric a n population unconnected with any institution representing organized religion.

Moslems in America credited. This horrible record does not seem to excite the slightest emo- 'l'HE Ahmadiyya sect was founded tion. Add to this the incidental ex- .1 by Hazrat Ahmad, who claimed to travagances and we need not look be the Messiah. He was born in 1836 further for the cause of many of our and died in 1908. He was succeeded social and economic evils. – The by Hazrat Morza Bashirud-Din Mah- Churchman.

mud Ahmad. This sect claims to represent true Islam and has estab- Japanese Institute, Ne…. York T lished mi,ssions in London, Chicago, HE Japanese Christian Institute is known among the Japanese from Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Indianapolis, Palestine, West Africa, Mauritius, coast t'o coast as one place in New Australia, and Malaya. They pro- York where a newcomer will find ad- claim racial and social equality and vice and a friendly welcome. A young

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Japanese teacher, who lately came to Factor in Social Work," "The Rural America writes: Minister and Social Work," "The Church and Unemployment," "Reli- I was teacher in big school for girls gion and Mental Hygiene," "Spiritual in Japan, and came to America to study Effects and Values of Community conditions of American high schools. Chests," and the "Moral and Educa- When I arrived in San Francisco I was tional Problems Arising from a Genalone. Five days to cross the continent, eral Dissemination of Knowledge of no friends, very poor knowledge of Eng- Birth Control." lish, stranger in strange country! I thought of many different gods of Japan; The Church Conference of Social I had them in my trunk, suitcases, even Work aims to emphasize the spiritual carried one on my person, given me by and social aspects of human needs and my well-wishers for "bon voyage." to range the religious forces more These trinkets of many different gods completely behind social service. The did not ,help a bit. I was lonesome. I objectives of the Church Conference was helpless. I was put on train by a of Social Work include: The develop- Japanese minister with introduction to ment of scientific methods in the sothe Japanese Christian Institute on cial work of the Protestant Churches; Fifty-seventh Street, New York. I was the development of understanding and met by a minister from the Institute when I reached Grand Central Station. cooperation between churches and so- After supper at the Institute I felt I must make confession that I had been cial agencies; the making of religion deeply touched by the way I was treated a greater redemptive force in all social all the way through the unknown coun- life. try. I said, "Mrs. Shimizu, I saw Christ walking the streets of America all the Bible in Southern Night Schools way. I saw Him in conductors, redcaps, among fellow travelers and children too. !DULT Night Schools in North Car- American people were so kind to me. t.. olina, now sponsored by the coun- I am so glad that I am in Christian ty or city Boards of Education, in country and am so happy in Christian Buncombe County around Asheville Institute where Christ is the center of have been going on for some years all activities." with unusually fine results. A few years ago in the foothills of the Great Now I am learning to be real Chris- Smokies we saw a room full of people tian teacher because I found the Great ranging in age from twenty to seventy, Teacher in my heart.-Christian Intelli- all keen to study the four R's (they gence,/,. have four in the South) reading, 'rit- ing, 'rithmetic, and religion, also. Church Conference of Social Work These adults have ambition to learn THE National Conference of Social so that they can read the Bible. Workers and the Church Conference of Social Work, organized by the A man of forty years won a large Federal Council of the Churches met print Testament in the night schools. at Minneapolis, June 14-20. J{)int ses- When people visit him he shows it to sions were arranged to relate the them and says, "That's what night Church program to that of the Nation- school means to me. They gave me al Conference. Pastors and church this and taught me to read it. It workers, were thus brought into co- means more to me than anything in operation with leaders in the field of the world." social work. The women's clubs in various places The spiritual resources of the so- have initiated these schools and after cial worker were discussed by Dr. demonstrating their value and bless- Richard C. Cabot, President of the ing to the community the county National Conference of Social Work; boards have helped to finance them, or J. Prentice Murphy of Philadelphia, taken them over completely.-WiUiam Dr. Worth M. Tippy of New York H. Richie, in The Sunday School and Dr. Graham Taylor of Chicago. Times.

Among the topics considered at the conference were-"The Pastor and Life Adjustment," "The Church as a

An Ideal Summer Resort educational work in central Mexico, SILVER BAY, on Lake George, was for evangelistic and educational work established as a religious confer- in the States of Tabasco, Campeche, ence ground thirty years ago. This Yucatan, and Quintana Roo, the work- beautiful summer resort is now open ers are encouraged to hope that all to Christian people and their families missionary work may one day be enseeking a vacation which combines trusted to the Mexicans.

outdoor sport with round table dis- Protestant Work in Mexico cussions with leaders in world affair,s. For two weeks, August 1st to A RECENT controversy broke out 14th, all the recreational facilities of in the daily press of Mexico City the place may also be enjoyed. over President Hoover's congratula- tory message to the Lutheran Church, Dr. Joseph R. Sizoo, pastor of the in which he referred to Protestant New York Avenue Presbyterian Christianity's substantial contribu- Church, Washington, D. C., Bishop tions to the progress of civilization. Ernest M. Stires and other leaders in The press gave Protestants the opreligion, sociology and economics will portunity to state the facts. speak. Subjects for round table discussions will include "The Romance Evangelical schools, almost without and Tragedy of the Machine Age," exception, are full to overflowing, and "America'l! . Battle-Capitalism vs. there is increasing respect for their Communism," "Law Observance-in work even by Catholic prelates. D. High Places and Low," "Russia- J. Hauser, secretary of Union Sem- China-India," "Christianity and Athe- inary, Mexico City, reports that evanism at Grips," "Saving the World gelical Christianity in Mexico now from Narcotics," "I n tel I e c t u a I enrolls more than 100,000 constituents Riches-and the Needle's Eye" "Mar- and adherents, but its influence is riage and the Home." .stronger than its numerical strength would indicate. Prof. G. Baez Cam- LATIN AMRICA argo, a leader of evangelical forces, c·ontributes to a prominent Mexico Toward Autonom.y in Me;';'co City daily a regular column entitled "The Pulse of the Times," in which he THE first year of independence of gives a Christian interpretation to the Presbytery of the City of Mex- current events. ico ended most satisfactorily. Although the acceptance of full responsi- bility for the evangelistic work in GuateDlala. Industrial College T their field meant a heavy financial ob- HE Industrial College under the Presbyterian Mission in Guatemala ligation, the Presbytery responded by raising over 63,000 pesos ($30,000). City has made especial progress in Total contributions of the National agriculture. The Advance-Rumely Synod amounted to more than 125,000 Company, by way of advertisement, pesos, or $60,000, during the past contributed a tractor which ha,s been year. Complete aut 0 nom y was an additional asset in operating an granted the Presbytery of Mexico City irrigation system, and forces 200 liters in April, 1929, and there has been a of water per minute from the river steady growth of mutual love and to the crops. A German agricultur- esteem between nationals and mission- ist assists with the cattle and field aries. Missionaries who have taken crops.

work under the direction of the Na- The dairy represents the greatest tional Church report that they have financial hope. Sixteen good milk received courteous and considerate cows are fast paying for themselves.

treatment at the hands of their Mex- Milk, butter and cream from the farm ican fellow workers. While the Pres- are in great demand because of their byterian Board is still responsible for superior quality, and they bring the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

top prices. When the cows are paid Kabyle Moslems emphasize the Gospel for, the dairy will go a long way to- teachings to which Moslems are most ward supporting the college. Special bitterly opposed: Jesus and His death attention is being given to building for man. One group of Moslems up confidence of the business men in come an hour's journey by taxi to this the city. The college is accordingly Paris mission, and the Kabyle taxiallowed from 10 to 25 per cent dis- driver leaves his car in the street to count on most of its purchases. attend the service.

Kabyle converts returning to Mo- In the Panama Canal Zone rocco take the Gospel with them. One BISHOP MORRIS of the Protestant writes: "I have distributed twelve Episcopal Church has given ten hundred and fifty copies of the Gospel years of faithful service in Panama. since I have been here." He has had St. Luke's Cathedral, Ancon, was the several changes of post but carries on first major enterprise which he under- his Christian testimony at each place, took and the Children's Home for the not without danger. There are 110,- care of {Jrphans and homeless children, 000 North Africans in Francehas been a blessing to scores of young Moors, Arabs and Algerian Kabyles.

boys and girls. Along the length of Three Moorish Christians have joined Paris churches, one of them the Canal, the church's work among carrying on an aggressive evangelistic the white residents and the West In- work in his own quarter. A former dian Negroes has been strengthened. EI Azhar University student listens to the Gospel, frequently breaking into Bishop Morris can look back up<Jn exclamations of surprise. Frequently an episcopate characterized by con- French or Italians see Moslems readstructive and successful work, and by ing Scriptures and ask for it themministry in manifold form to individ- selves. Mr. Warren has issued two ual men and women. In the last ten bi-lingual leaflets, "The Story of Two years everything that Bishop Morris Sons" and "The Story of Creation and planned to do, has, with ·one exception, Fall," designed to induce the Kabyles been accomplished. That exception is to read the Scriptures in their own a church for the growing congrega- language. tion of white people at New Cristobal at the Atlantic end of the canal. For several years this congregation has been using Christ Church in the ad- Refu.ge for French Unfortunates T joining city of Colon. Bishop Morris HE Salvation Army in Paris is adding to its previous relief instiis convinced that the church's work in the Zone will be furthered and the tutions in France a City of Refuge best service rendered to both the Ne- in the Quartier de la Gare, Paris.

gro and the white people by having This is for men, women and children.

separate church buildings. He has It will accommodate 500 people with asked for thirty-five thousand dollars beds, and will have restaurants, meet- for this purpose, which item is in- ing rooms, workshops, a clinic, a day cluded in the Advance Work Program." nur8ery, a bureau of information, and -John W. Wood. the like. Affiliated with the Paris Center will be the Floating Refuge EUROPE (150 beds), a Home for Young Men (100 rooms), a People's Foyer at Moslems in France Marseillea (275 beds), a Foyer for MR. THOMAS WARREN, who is Young Men at Nice (50 beds), a Res- working to evangelize the M08- cue Home at Nimes with 25 places. lems in France, tells us in Warld Do- Five million of the ten million francs minion that hymn-singing is a great needed to finance these institutions aid and that the favorite hymns of the have been subscribed.-S. S. Times.

The Spanish ltepublic deplorable, and alien legislation is de- THE Espana Evangelica, the weekly signed to aggravate ,still further an published by Pastor Fliedner of intolerable situation.

the Evangelical Mission in Spain, wel- "In Poland, 3,000,000 Jews are fac- comes the new republic. During the ing economic disaster and many have dictatorship this weekly appeared only committed suicide because of intoler- with the authorization of the censor able conditions.

and often there were blank spaces "In Rumania much has to be done which marked items deleted by the to satisfy even a modest conception ban of this official. Then numbers did of justice so far as the status of the not appear at all and others were pre- Jewish population in the political and vented from being sent to America. ec'Onomic field is c'Oncerned.

With one turn all this has been "In Germany, the Jewish popula- changed and the front page of the tion, numbering 600,000, formerly one Espana Evange.lica now heralds the of the most prosperous branches of new day of religious liberty. Jewry, has become destitute, intimi- "At last we see realized an ideal dated and submerged in bleak despair.

which our fathers dreamed of, but Jew-baiting and Jew-beating are the could not convert into actuality: the order of the day. Synagogues are be- republic proclaimed in Spain [" ing defaced, cemeteries desecrated and The provisional government, in the in the province of Thuringia, a special first meeting' of the cabinet, granted clause has been inserted to the prayers an interesting declaration, setting of school children, supplicating the forth its program and its decision to Divine Power to keep 'Out of the sacred respect the individual conscience in soil of the German Republic the 'alien liberty of faith and worship. The races,' avowedly, Jews.

State reserves the right to require "There is Anti-Semitism in Hun- citizens to make known their religious gary, where 'Jews' have been dis- convictions. missed en masse from productive es- Sweden's Interest in Missions tablishments."-New York Times.

HOUGH a small country, Sweden Signs of Revival in Germany Tcontributed last year $1,322,792 to G foreign missions. These voluntary ERMANY seems ripe for a reli- gious revival, according to Prof.

contributions increased 13 per cent Hugh Mackint'Osh of Edinburgh. He over last year. There are 16 mission- says this is evidenced by three things: ary organizations working in 29 fields, Germany has suffered for past sins including China, Africa and India. and has been humbled so that there Last year 797 missionaries were em- is no self-sufficiency left; ployed abroad.-Watchman Examiner. The rationalistic theology has Anti-Semitism in Europe proved ineffective and the people are turning to a simpler faith in God and ECONOMIC anti-S e mi tis m has His Word; placed millions of Jews in Europe Positive notes of Christian faith on on the brink of disaster and starva- • a sound basis have been sounded forth tion, declares Dr. Joseph Tenenbaum, by German religious leaders.-The chairman of the Executive Committee Record of Christian Work. of the American Jewish Congress.

"This e con 0 m i c anti-Semitism, Serbian Patriarch for Cooperation F rampant in Eastern and Central Eu- OR· the first time since his en- thronement a year ago, the patrirope, is a more destrudive weapon than mere anti-Semitic agitation. arch of the Serbian Church, Barnabas, "Surveys reveal a revival of anti- has made an 'Official statement regard- religious persecution in Russia. In ing his attitude toward interchurch Lithuania, the plight of the Jew is cooperation. Here is a significant

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paragraph from his Easter proclama- in large measure to the influence of tion: "The whole Christian world, Christian education from the West, and especially the Orthodox Church, has made itself felt even in the rigid feels with keen sorrow the unhappy Al Azhar. To the traditional courses division among Christian churches. in Arabic and Moslem law and the- It weakens their efforts at extending Qlogy, courses in modern languages Christianity in the heathen world, and and science are being added. hinders their struggle with atheism, materialism and other unmoral and The Ethiopia Missions perverse views of modern life. The Orthodox Church never ceases tQ pray THE United Presbyterian Mission for the union of all God's churches. to Abyssinia has changed its name The whole Orthodox Church is glad to "The Ethiopia Mission." Abyssinia to collaborate with all other churches is a foreign name for that land, and in a spirit of true good will, in solving among the Arab nations in the past the great problems facing all of Chris- has been a name of reproach. The tianity today, and first of all in the country has always been called great causes of world peace and Ethiopia by its own people. This brotherhood." change of name is a courteous act of the missionaries who are there upon The Balkan Council of the Alliance a friendly mission. The name will for Promoting Friendship Through be a reminder of the Queen Sheba who the Churches met in Belgrad in June. sought out Solomon, of the queen's treasurer who found Christ in the AFRICA desert, and of the promise that some day Ethiopia will stretch forth her Unreached Moors hands unto God.

DUGALD CAMPBELL, who has On May 16, brief messages were spent many years carrying the broadcast to the missionaries in Gospel to various Sudanese tribes, Ethiopia, by Dr. W. B. Anderson, writes: "The only untouched, and as Secretary of the United Presbyterian yet untouchable, part of the Garden of Board, and other officials. There were Allah is the Rio de Oro, inhabited by also personal messages from the famscores of hostile tribes of Moors, who ilies of the missionaries. acknowledge no outside authority, and who have held many Europeans as Nigeria Seeks the Gospel slaves. They are the Almoravides, former cQnquerors of Spain and Port- A LARGE tract of the Niger Delta, ugal highly educated in Islamic lore called Isoko Country, densely and 'laws, and fierce haters of Chris- peopled with heathen, has only retians. I have met some of them, and cently begun to be evangelized. Three found them willing listeners to the C. M. S. clergy and two women mis- Gospel, and ready purchasers of sionaries are in this pestilential re- Arabic Scriptures." gion, battling against witchcraft and fetish worship. A few native teachers AI .Azhar Makes Adjustments from other tribes have volunteered to help. Two C. M. S. missionaries have V ISITORS to Al Azhar, famous lost their lives in these fever-ridden, citadel of Mohammedan orthodoxy tropical swamps. in Cairo, and reputed to be the oldest university in the world, can no longer During the last seven years a great be told that its curriculum has not mass movement has resulted. There changed in a thousand years. are now in the comparatively small area 104 churches, many very large The curriculum of this Moslem seat ones. Two churches alone have over of learning has always been based 2,600 regular adherents, and the total on the Koran. But the revival of in- is about 20,000. At Ozora, at morntellectuallife in the Moslem world, due 5

ing and evening prayers, there is an her bridegroom be abolished, or, made average of 900 attending, and more on nominal. This CongrESS also de- Sundays; Aviara the same, and up to manded that divorce be made more 1,500 on Sundays. Other churches difficult. At present, if a man desires have very large attendances. It is to get rid of his wife, it is a simple often necessary to make a cordon matter and the wife practically has around the missionary's house, to keep nothing to say. This group of women the people back until he has his meals. asks that divorce be granted only in exceptional cases and for weighty rea- South African Leper Institution sons. They request that laws be passed making eighteen the minimum T HE Emjafiyafia Leper Institution age of both parties in marriage. is in many respects a model of They also seek compulsory school atwhat such homes should be. Step by tendance for both boys and girls, and step, the prison system has been aban- the prohibition of the employment of doned, and one approximating native children under fourteen. village life adopted. Patients select headmen from among themselves, and Changing Persia these administer the affairs of the community, trying cases in public in I (ING AMANULLAH'S attempted the old native way. They are respon- reforms in Afghanistan have not sible for the equitable distribution of been without their effect in Persia. rations, and sEie that rules are obeyed. While the movement for the unveiling The patients have gardens to culti- of women, has not made much progvate; own property; work for wages; ress, the cause of women's .education buy and sell; remit money to their is steadily going forward. There are homes; have Post Office Savings Bank seventy-six more girls' schools in accounts and may have quite a sum to Persia today than there were three their credit when discharged as cured. years ago. Persia is the only one There are schools for the children, and of the original Moslem countries Anglican and Wesleyan churches. where Christian converts are to be About half the patients are Christian, found. Communities of these have most of them becoming so after en- sprung up in the last ten years, but trance. Many learn to read, and be- the policy of the Government is to put come local preachers upon their return difficulties in the path of these conhome. verts, and to check their numbers. The lot of the Christian Persian is There is an air of cheerfulness sur- steadily becoming harder. prising to see. Some time ago the patients, entirely on their own initiative, News From Bahrain convened a general meeting and discussed what they should do to in- BAHRAIN Boy's School found it fluence other sufferers from leprosy necessary this year to employ an to come to the Institution. additional teacher, a Palestinian con- vert from Islam. The enrolment WESTERN ASIA reached 76 in 1930, about one-fourth Syrian Wom.en Make Demands being Jews and Christians. Two were Hindus, the rest Mohammedans. As THE Oriental Woman's Congress in the past, English instruction is the which convened recently at Da- drawing card. mascus, Syria, passed resolutions which, if carried through, will make The Girl's School enrolled 107 for striking changes in the status of wom- the year, of which 76 were Moslem. en in that country. It is desired that The school is being operated on $33.00 the purchase price, now paid by the a month. Cordial relations are main- Moslem for his bride, and the dowry tained between these two schools, and which the non-Moslem bride brings to power for good is being generated.

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Medical work has also grown, dis- ings; "I cannDt cDmmand it, but I pensary treatment showing an in- suggest that we dD nDt have questiDns crease 'Of 7,632 cases, with 171 mere tonight, hut that we go quietly home operations in the Men's Hospital and a to think and tD pray 'Over what the corresponding grewth in the Wemen's speaker has said tD us." Hospital. Outcalls have been made in every direction. Indian nurses proved At the students' camp near Delhi so capable that they make many calls there was an undertDne 'Of unrest without a physician.-Neglected Ara- amDng the students, fDr the NatiDnalbia. ist mDvement had struck the Chfi.stian students tD. When decisiDns were INDIA, BURMA, SIAM asked for, the first to r€spond was a leading Nationalist, and one by one Untouchables in Schools the several hundred students tODk a unanimous stand for Christ. T HE Educational Department 'Of the Government of Bombay has issued Dr. Jones reports more skeptiqism a regulation that reads as follDws; than in the previDus twenty years, but he feels it tD be a sign of the slough- The GDvernment of Bombay has laid ing 'Off of dead superstition. down their policy that nD disability should be imllosed on the children 'Of the Cost of Discipleship depressed classes receiving educatiDn in schools conducted by any public author- I N AN outcaste village 'Of South ity. The depressed classes pay tbe same India a heathen festival was tD take rates and taxes as other classes so tbat place. Before the idol grove trenches they should have equal educatiDnal facili- were being dug as all fODd tD be eaten ties. Those WhD object tD the education would have tD be cooked before the 'Of these classes along with their own chil- gods, 'Offered to them, and then be dren are at liberty to make their 'Own ar- taken for the feast. rangements withDut assistance from public funds. Where public schDols are held This ceremony sorely troubled an in temples or sacred buildings or in build- outcaste lad whD recently had been ings hired subject to the condition 'Of the baptized. DDwn tD the mission house exclusion 'Of the depressed classes, efforts he went to talk with the missiDnary. should be made to obtain other accom- "Sir," he said, "Do you think I should modation. There has been some improve- eat fODd that will be 'Offered to idDls ment in recent years, but the policy 'Of tDmorrow?" The missiDnary knew admissiDn 'Of depressed class children has that to ask a boy tD go witheut fODd not been given effect in all places and for a whole day while the rest 'Of the there are many SChODls in which they are family were feasting was not an easy not allowed to sit with the rest of the matter. Turning tD the boy he said, children attending the SChODls. The GDV- "What is Jesus saying to YDU in YDur ernment will not tolerate such a state of heart?" The boy replied, "He says, affairs. They direct that in all publicly 'Don't.' " The missionary answered, managed institutiDns there ShDUld be "If Jesus says in YDur heart, 'DDn't,' equality of treatment between children there is nD use asking me what you 'Of different communities advanced, back- are tD dD." TDgether they asked God ward or depressed. tD give the lad grace to do what Jesus had said tD him in his heart. The Indian Road On the festival day the little band E STANLEY JONES has held 'Of Christians gathered to hDld their • meetings in centers where polit- service among the assembled idol WDr- shippers who were watching the fDDd ical disturbances have been acute. At being CODked before the gDds. The Meerut, the center 'Of the nonCODper- idDls were to the right and the Chrisative movement, the famous CDmmu- tian 'Open-air meeting to the left 'Of nist trial has been in prDgress 'Over a the entrance to the village. The singyear; Nationalists had held nightly meetings with an attendance of frDm 5,000 tD 50,000, yet Dr. JDnes spDke tD a crDwded hall each night. A Hindu lady-a prDminent NatiDnalistsaid at the clD·se of 'One 'Of the meet-

ing of the Christians was well started uplift of the Indian women. I honestly when the lad appeared at the village think that they have done more for womentrance. Would he join his family en's education in this country than the by th~ idols and so be assured of a government itself. At pTesent India has feast, or would he stand with the several other religious bodies doing work Christians and thus forego his food? in the field of women's education, but in The missionary lifted his heart to God the past the Christian missionaries were for ,strength and courage to be given, the only agencies in that field, as is seen and presently the lad turned toward from the history of their institutions the little group of Christians and be- spread throughout the length and breadth fore his heathen relatives took his of India, under the selfless and devoted stand for Christ and against the gods. management of Christian workers-both When the lad returned home, he asked men and women. his heathen father if he might have food that had not been offered to idols. Had it not been for this noble band of But his father drove him from the Christian women teachers, who are the home telling him that if he would not product of the missionary training eat what the family was eating he schools, even this much advancement in could have nothing. the education of the Indian women would not have been possible; even this day in Since this event God has honored every province we find the missionary the faithful witness of the young out- women teachers working hard in a spirit caste. Persecution followed, but to- of love and faith, in out-of-the-way vilday he is one of the finest Christian lages, where the Hindu and Moslem wommen in his village-blessed and hon- en dare not penetTate, Even now they ored of God.-H. MERRIWEATHER, in form the strength of the teaching prothe Ceylon and India General Mission fession. More than the educational and Bulletin. the cultural contribution made by these missionary agencies to the Indian nation, A Hindu Woman's Testimony the noble and self-sacrificing examples of the men and women who, infused with a MRS. MUTHULAKSHMI REDDI, a spirit of love and service for suffering well-known Hindu lady of Ma- humanity and true to the teachings of dras, and a doctor by profession, has their prophet, face obstacles and live been taking an active part in social very often a single lonely life, cannot but reform activities. She was a member have a very beneficial effect upon the and deputy president of the Madras men and women of the country. Legislative Council. Through her untiring efforts a bill was placed on Church Union in South India the statute book of that province prohibiting the dedication of girls to THE union into one South India Hindu temples as deva dasis (servants United Church, with the Wesleyans of the gods), which in actual practice and the Church of England, has promeans prostitution. gressed one step further. This plan was initiated in 1919, was submitted Presiding over the All-India Wom- to the churches and has since been en's Conference at Lahore in January, undergoing a process of adaptation. Dr. Reddi said of the work done by The Joint Committee has now come Christian missionaries for women's to an unanimous agreement on the education in India: main outline of the plan, and is sub- mitting it for approval to the churches I will be failing in my duty if I do not in India, as well as to the affiliated offer a word of tribute to the several mis- churches in England and America. sionary educational organizations who have been the pioneers in every province The general principle of the agree- in the cause of female education. The ment is the recognition of the values woman population of this country has in each of the churches, and an at- been placed under a deep debt of grati- tempt to frame a basis of union which tude to the missionary agencies for their should preserve them all. The final valuable contribution to the educational paragraph of the Foreword is in part as follows: We fully realize that there are differ- ences of belief, of practice and of tradi- tion, but we are fully convinced that the members of the uniting churches will

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bring into the common life and organiza- obtaimng a vision and an evangelistic tion of the United Church whatever of passion and new doors are being value' they have learned in their separate opened on many sides.-C. L. Klein in organizations. "The, News."

Let us do all that in us lies to share Siam Encourages Missions with each other all that God has given us by way of revelation and enlighten- CHRISTIANITY is free to extend ment. itself by every fair means in every place in Siam. In many pieces Good News from Burma. of missionary, educational, medical and welfare work, the highest officials THE whole Shwegyin Field is alive of the government generously coop- with interest about evangelism. erate with gifts and commendation. Here is evidence that a town school can be an evangelizing agency. We King Chulal'Ongkorn, the greatest were assisted by two men from the leader of Siam's renaissance, once seminaries, but the work was done said: "American missionaries have largely by the team. Behind the cam- done more f.or the advancement of my paign was weeks of prayer by three people than any other foreign influprayer groups. ence, and the Siamese rulers today are grateful for the many benefits in- January 23, the Shwegyin Karen troduced to their subjects by Presby- School Gospel Team left town to hold terian missionaries. Modern medicine a campaign at Saw Thet Tah Village. and surgery, education in public This team was made up of twenty health, the segregation and care of member-s including the missionary lepers, of wh'Om there are a large and school band. We walked twelve number, proper obstetrics and care miles in the heat of the day, each per- of children, have been some 'Of the son carrying some luggage. We achievements 'Of Presbyterian misclimbed over two mountains and sions in Siam. waded streams knee-deep no less than five times before we reached our des- The present king of Siam, like his tination. We were happy, because the two predecessors, is a highly enlightlove of God was in our souls and our ened, progressive and benev'Olent ruler. hearts and minds were filled with an It is told that once when visiting anindomitable purpose. other country the king was informed that 'One of his princes was living This time we had no one from out- there. "What does he do?" inquired side to help us but God was with us. the king. "Why, nothing," was the The campaign was the biggest and reply. His majesty rejoined, "Then the best yet conducted by our group. he doesn't bel'Ong to us. We work." As a result two backsliders, one out And so they do, for the welfare and of the church more than twenty years, advancement of their country. – The seven from Christian homes and ilfty- Presbyterian. four from heathen homes came to Christ. One of the fifty-four was a CHINA Karen Buddhist priest. We discovered that the sixty-three came from nine- Banditry Endangers Mission teen villages-some villages as far as twenty miles distant from Saw Thet LONG-CONTINUED '0 r g ani zed Tah. Nearly half the nonChristians banditry in Shaowu, North Fukien in attendance left before four o'clock, Province, where the American Board Sunday afternoon, but of those re- has been at work for nearly fifty years, maining all but about six persons bas endangered the lives of missionclaimed Christ for their Saviour. aries and has done much to prevent their work from being effective. Events seem to point to the beginnings of a revival in Shwegyin. No Dr. Walter Judd, an American phyless than fifty villages are calling for sician, has been the only f'oreign campaigns. The leaders are rapidly

worker in the station for some time, cently bought ground in the vicinity having directed the mission hospital of about 40 modern factories with ap- at Shaowu since 1925. He has now proximately 40,000 workers and will closed the hospital, where for over two put up a simple hut as the beginning years he ministered to the suffering of a social center to work mainly for populace and a stream of wounded the promotion of the workers' health soldiers and bandits. and education. This center will con- Although his life was continuously tain class and reading rooms and a endangered by roving outlaw bands, clinic for handling the common medi- who are intensely anti-foreign, Dr. cal needs.

Judd remained at his post until he was called home for medical treatment. Earnest Christian Students T In 1925 there were eighteen American HE Chinese Chri,stian Student Movement, starting a few years Board missionaries in Shaowu engaged in medical, educational and evangelistic ago with a cooperative staff from the work. Chinese Christians are now in various missions and the Y. M. C. A., charge of the station. has become a fellowship of Christian Dr. Judd once faced a Communist students, men and women, banded in firing squad, from which he escaped, local and provincial groups, with the when a soldier to whom he had given double purpose of sharing their Chris- medical aid stood before him. At tian life and experience with each Shaowu the hospital was looted seven other and with their fellow-students, times by bandits. and of going out into the common life Dr. Judd is a graduate of the Uni- of the people; to bridge the deep and versity of Nebraska and was formerly ancient gulf between scholar and a traveling secretary of the Student worker; and to do what they can to Volunteer Movement in America. find and meet the needs of "the other Shanghai Model Village half." These student groups invite a few advisors, foreign and Chinese, to FOR four years the Shanghai Y. M. meet with them as they plan their C. A. has been conducting a model programs, but the initiative is theirs.

village for workers at Pootung. With In all they undertake, these ·students the cooperation of surrounding fac- show the sincerity of their convictions tories and organizations the associa- and their eagerness to help and benefit tion has built some 24 simple but their fellows, by living out their sanitary houses for rent to the work- Christianity. ers at only $3 Mex. to $4 a month, supplying them also with free water The Chinese Mission to Lepers T and other facilities. The association HE Church at home is hardly aware of her share in China in conducts in the village hall a day school for the workers' children (num- one of our modern miracles, the cure bering 150), and an evening school of leprosy by the use of chaulmoogra for adult workers (of whom 45 at- oil. There are about 1,000,000 lepers tend). Through these educational ef- in China, and this discovery will make forts many workers have improved possible a total, though gradual, eradi- their physical, financial and family cation of this fearful disease. What is conditions. The village is an experi- the share of the Church in this great ment center. From many places in the work?

interio.r of China requests have come The central committee in Shanghai for information and advice regarding is entirely Christian. There are four- the improvement of housing condi- teEn asylums for lepers in China, some tions, and attempts have already been at Hangchow, Foochow. Amoy, Pakoy, made in other cities to copy the work Siaokan, Nanchang. The Nanchang of the Pootung Model Village. Asylum, which is nearly completed, The Shanghai Association has re- is costing the sum of $10,000 Mexican,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

practically all of it given by Chinese. rural districts to Chri,st, the coopera- It is located in the open country five tive societies by which he hopes to miles out from the city, and in the develop a communal interest among interval .of building, forty lepers are the Christians of Japan, and the labor living in rented quarters, entirely in- group for whom he plans unemploy- adequate. The modern treatment is ment and sick insurance, as well as an used, and the central committee fi- increasing voice in the political and nances the cost of treatment. A economic life of the land? trained nurse, Chinese, is in charge, while a foreign missionary doctor is The Kingdom of God Movement medical attendant. moves 'On and thousands of "decisions" are being made each week. Peasant Equipment for the new building,s to Gospel schools are being established, the amount of $1,000 Mexican was cooperativ(s and other social programs promised at the meeting of the com- are getting under way, church memmittee in Shanghai in November, at- berships are growing, Christ is being tended by Bishop Huntingdon and the preached fr·om shore to shore in the Rev. Mr. Den, chairman of the Fi- empire. nance Committee of the Nanchang Asylum. Japanese Charity The Chinese Mission to Lepers co- THE influence of the Gospel on operates with the London Mission to Japan in teaching charity has re- Lepers and the American Missi'On to sulted in establishing a number of Lepers. This year it begins a five- charitable institutions. W her e as year program which includes the call- formerly there was no organized charing of a National Leper Conference; ity, now all over the country there are organization of a Central Leprosy charity organizations. Many of these Council; enactment of leper laws; institutions are headed by Japanese establishment of at least one leper Christians. There are asylums for h'Ospital in every affected province; the blind, deaf and dumb and the inopening of leper clinics in every large sanj!. There has been a complete refcity; care and training of untainted ormation in these things. The famous children of lepers.~Virginia E. Hunt- orphanage at Wakayama has f'Or years ington, in The Living Church. cared for thousands upon thousands of 'Orphan children. Show me a hos- JAPAN-CHOSEN pital, an orphanage, an asylum for the aged and infirm, and I will tell Kingdom of God Movement you that it was directly due to the influence of the Gospel which the mis- THE Kingdom of God Movement is sionaries preached and taught.~O!tt­ torn with conflicting ideas and look of Missions. purposes, new vs. old, foreign vs. native, unity vs. established churches. A "Dry" Japanese Boat The heterogeneity of the various elements c.omprising it becomes ap- A CCORDING to the Japan Times, a parent. How can the Japanese denom- tl. 2,000 ton freightzr, the Shima inations bec·ome parties to such a Maru, recently docked at Tokyo with movement without claiming for their a gigantic sign "No Drinking" on respective churches as many of the board. It is Japan's first "dry" boat, "kesshinsha" (decisions) as possible? and it is "bone dry." Its captain, How can fundamentalists and m'Od- Jitsutaro Iwata, is the man who is ernists give their best to such an chiefly responsible for starting the evangelistic campaign without intro- Japan Marine Prohibition League. ducing doctrinal considerations? How Four boats out .of twelve which this can Mr. Kagawa be denied the privi- steamship company owns are observlege of organizing the Peasant Gospel ing prohibition, and the League has schools by which he hopes to train some 200 seamen enrolled. On the 2,500 lay evangelists for winning the

above-mentioned ship, the thirty-eight encouragement within these walls. This seamen all practice teetotalism on friendly spirit is prompted by their reshore as well as aboard ship. ligious ideals, and their noble purpose ought never to be lost sight of by you." "Are you really teetotalers always?" they were asked by newspaper men. The English secretary of the Gov- ernor-General, Mr. N. Kondo, said in "Occasional drinking means no pro- part: hibition, doesn't it?" they replied. I am not representing a government "Don't you drink beer sometimes?" official, but a simple friend who always "Beer is an alcoholic drink." prayed for this school, for its develop- "What do you do on Near Year's ment and success. Furthermore, I am a and Bon days?" Christian, and was educated in a Chris· "We do not touch even ceremonial tian college. Therefore, I thoroughly sake." understand how needed true Christian "But you still drink sake at bars and education is at this age of unrest and cafes ?" materialism. When I see this dedication "No, absolutely not." of the chapel and gymnasium' I simply pray and thank God for His grace thus Advances in Korea revealed in the human heart.

T HE Korea Mission of the South- Graduates of this school are found ern Presbyterian Church, despite a all over Korea, and several are now in reduced force and budget, and an in- American colleges and universities creasingly difficult situation, reports preparing for larger usefulness in the past year as one of the most fruit- Korea. Eighty per cent of the stuful it has ever known. Conversions dents in the Korean Theological Semnumbered 1,337. The ten station inary are from this school. Graduates schools and the many country schools, are teaching in Christian schools all all thoroughly Christian in faculty over Korea, in the high schools and and atmosphere, report a year of in Chosen Christian College. They growth and rich spiritual blessing. are preaching in the pulpits, caring Woman's auxiliaries have grown're- for the ,sick in the hospitals. In busimarkably, the native women showing ness and farming they are reflecting real capacity for leadership. All Bible the light.-John Z. Moore. classes and institutes, both for men and for women, report one of the best GENERAL years in their history, with over 500 The Laymen's Investigation of Misin one class. Thousands of better trained Bible students have thus been sions turned back into the church life. Yet there still remain miles of virgin ter- THE Institute of Social and Reliritory, where no one has ever yet gious Research recently undertook named the name of Christ. an investigation of foreign missions. Groups of investigators went to Asia Dedication at Pyengyang to collect data on various problems of missions. This will be reinforced by THE Methodist Church recently the collection of data available in dedicated a new chapel and gym- America. The Institute is now formnasium for the Boys and the Girls ing a commission of twelve to study High Schools in Pyengyang. Viscount all the information thus collected, to Saito, Governor-General of Chosen, study conditions on the principal miswas present and said: sion fields at first-hand, and then are to formulate the final report. The We should not overlook the fact that announcement of the personnel of this the funds coming from America were the commission shows its character. The result of noble sacrifice on the part of report of this commission is being unknown friends, and were sent as tang- eagerly awaited. The question which ible evidence of good will toward you underlies all others in the mind of and all who will receive instruction and thoughtful church members is not as

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

to the worthiness of missian work but organization of their evangelistic work whether, for the situatian as it is and terminating on one year's notice all as it gives pramise 'Of becoming, the aid to places that have received fimissianary enterprise is now being nancial aid for ten years or more, and conducted an the wisest, most effective placing all the other statians on a plan. project basis."

For the Blind of the World A Missionary Museum T T HE Mission ta the Blind in Hea- o FURNISH illustrative material then and Bible Lands is helping for the History of Religions and the blind in twenty-one parts of the 'Of the methods and progress of mis- world. Their aim is to save infants, sianary enterprise, Rev. Dr. S. M.

to rescue blind castaways, to support Zwemer, wha occupies the Chair of blind evangelists and Bible women, to Missions in the Theological Seminary help supply Scriptures to the blind. at Princeton, N. J., has begun to col- The twelfth annual report ,shows en- lect material for a missionary library couraging progress and great need. and museum at Princetan. It is nat In Palestine over 90 per cent of the to be a miscellaneous callection 'Of population is said to be suffering from curios, nor a museum of ethnography eye trauble. In India several blind or missianary relics. The church all evangelists are supparted. Other lands over the world is asked to cooperate where help is given ta these sufferers in this enterprise. The classification include China, Japan, Karea, Burma, will include maps, the idea of God, the Philippines, South America, West communion with the unseen, priest- Africa, and Fiji Islands. hood and saintship in all religions, Evangelism and Self-Support revelation and sacred baoks, public warship and religiaus gatherings, and DR. A. L. WARNSHUIS, of the Far- eschatalogy in non-Christian religions. eign Missians Canference, has lately returned fram a taur of the mis- Goodwill Chests T sian fields where he has studied the HE organization which sent 13,000 dolls to the children of Japan, 30,- problems involved in the develupment of self-support. He started an in- 000 Friendship Bags to Mexican vestigatian in Korea under the Na- schaal children, and 28,000 treasure tional Christian Council and launched chests to the Philippines, has Puerto a thorough study in the Philippines Rico on its mind this year. The 200,- under a committee of the National 000 children on that island are our Christian Council. In China he has own people. The committee has arbeen trying to staJ:t several mave- ranged to provide metal chests in ments that will change the prevailing which to placepractice of the use of maney in aid 'Of Iocal churches. He says: "I have 1. A card (to be filled in) stating how an increasing conviction that the un- many lunches the group that sends the wise use of outside financial aid ra- Treasure Chest is providing for boys sults in the killing off 'Of any evan- and girls in Puerto Rico. Each card gelistic spirit that the churches may should represent at least forty hot have. In Amoy we faund that the lunches ($2). A nickel pays for one churches that have been receiving aid hot meal. for fram ten to sixty years were making practically no progress whatever. 2. Pencils, pens, erasers, colored eray- The 'Only growth was in the places ons, a box of paints, toys, small mirrors, hairpins, sewing kits, soap, tooth brushes, etc. Each chest should, if pos- sible, contain at least thirty different articles. where Chinese pastors were supparted Chests may be had for $1.15 each from by the lacal church. As a result of the committee at 289 Fourth Avenue, .the discussiun in Amoy, the Synod New York City, together with a leaflet adopted a plan for the complete re- giving all nece~sary information.-Chris- tian Advocate.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Protestant Cooperation in American Cities. "Evangelism," "Religious Education," By H. Paul Douglass. 514 pp. $3.50 net. Institute of Social and Religious "Social Service,''' "Oooperation by Research, New York. 1931. PrDtestant Women," "Promotion and "Dr. Douglass is at once the historian and the friendly critic of the Publicity." In his own summary of Church Federation Movement. Basing his conclusions upon an exhaus- the ·situatiDn, Dr. DDuglass says: tive study of the origins, history and achievements of the Church Federa- All the machinery of the church vistions in twenty of America's largest ible, as it exists in the American city, cities, he raises questions that are has come to pass according to no general startling and ~ontroversial. Have the plan and no unity of Protestant purpose. Federations come to the parting of What the city presents is a vast spectacle the ways, when they must abandon of churches and allied agencies accithe opportunistic policy of the past dentally founded as to numbers, locaand adopt some basic philosophy of tions and distribution. There is a church cooperation? Does not the plethora of religious institutions….. No ecclesiastical control of the Federa- rational intelligence would plan such retions lag behind the ideals and as- ligious institutions of the city as have pirations of their lay supporters? Is resulted from the crude struggle for surit true that the favorite phrase of vival. To undo the unreason of the past, Federations to express their aims, and now to substitute a system of re- 'What best can be done in common,' ligious organizations in the American has come to mean in practice 'What city, thus becomes a major problem of will not hurt the denominations?'" a generation that is attempting the re- conquest of its civilizaUon and of itself in urban terms through the greatest ex- periment of all times … That the problem belongs to the situation and not merely to Protestant stupidity is evidenced by the complicated internal organization of the Roman Catholic Church in the same cities.

-Foreword. As a part of his technique the au- lt is not an exaggeration to say thor uses various measurements of "the distance feeling" between varhlUs that the study is exhaustive if one groups. One of his basic charts rests means voluminous. Twenty-four chap- upon the survey~d attitudes of 1,780 ters, five appendices, in addition to a Protestant constituents in nine cities. useful index with twenty-nine tables, Even this small and scattered group six appendix tables and fifteen graphic came from the cDnstituents 'Of Church charts constitute the framewDrk of Federations. One wDnders whether the volume. In Part 1, entitled "The sweeping generalizatiDns covering General Report," Dr. Douglass pre- "distance feelings" are justified by SD sents such themes as "DenDmination- relatively small a number of source alism and Religious Partisanship," contacts. "The Church Federation Movement," "Oooperative Activities," "Present Dr. Douglass completes his verdict Limits of Federative Cooperation," upon the Federation mDvement by "Currents and Eddies of Federation sensing as its chief lack, that "it is Thinking." In Part II, entitled "The not profDund enough for the ends Technical Report," the author dis- which it seeks." He feels that it cusses such matters as "The Com- succeeds in accomplishing certain mittee System," "The Paid Staff," practical purpDses by the utilization 554

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'Of naive impulses and "the aVDidance like inexhaustibleness of His life and 'Of majDr difficulties" and nDt because work. Although He lived amDng men either 'Of deep and clear thinking Dr nineteen centuries agG, new accounts 'Of candid and sacrificial leadership. of His brief days 'On earth are still The FederatiDn MDvement, in 'Other appearing year by year in an attempt words, is hDpelessly DPPDrtunistic, at to shed new light on His character the present time. It 'Only dDes what and ministry. Mr. Mathews, whD is practically all the cDDperating fDrces well known for his life ·of "Living- are willing tD have dDne. It is an stone the Pathfinder," and "Paul the 'Open secret that the authDr's desire Dauntless" and 'Other excellent vol- is tD have the enterprise launch 'Out umes, visited Palestine a number 'Of intD the deep. The data he has times to make himself familiar with gathered SD painstakingly affDrd 'One the background of this wonderful life.

scant hGpe that such an excursiDn intD With a critical mind, but a devout the open sea is abDut to be undertaken. Christian spirit, he studied the land, Federations will cDntinue to have an the peDple and the BODk. He alSD interesting but subDrdinate place in gathered many modern sidelights the thinking of American PrDtestant- frDm archeDlogy and Oriental life in ism. It may even lead tD further order to make this a readable and re- wholesome reactiDn from the recDg- liable story of the earthly life of the nized perils and evils 'Of sectarianism. God-man, the SaviDur-LDrd.

On the whDle it will move abDut as Mr. Mathews draws chiefly on the fast as a ·slow moving Protestantism records of the four Evangelists which permits. If it should move much he accepts as authentic in all majDr faster it would become a sporadic matters. They are in fact our 'Only spectacle. "Protestant Cooperation in reliable SDurce of knDwledge of Jesus'

American Cities" is a fair minded earthly life. He omits the "virgin presentatiDn 'Of a situation saturated birth" as recorded in Matthew and with traditionalism and 'Only faintly Luke, but states his belief that St.

tinged with elements 'Of aggressive Luke's narrative 'Of the early years Is -spiritual discovery and achievement. based on infDrmation given to the It is a mirrDr 'Of our PrDtestant be- writer by the Mother 'Of Jesus. He havior when we make polite calls upDn dDes nDt hesitate tD accept, as worthy 'Our denominatiDnal neighbors. One of belief, the miracles, such as the may rub the glass to see whether by feeding 'Of the five thousand, walking some hidden magic, puppets will be- 'On the water, the transfiguratiDn, heal- CDme soldiers and mere interdenomi- ing the sick, cleansing the lepers, cast- national activities will be transformed ing out demons and raising the dead.

intD vital, united Christian passion. He does not attempt to minimize or Now and then gleams 'Of such a trans- explain them on a naturalistic basis formation seem to appear, but they or as due to the common but mistaken are nebulDus and ephemeral. Dr. beliefs of the peDple 'Of His day. The Douglass' volume leads us nDwhere, physical resurrection and appearances gives vivid analyses without cDnclu- of Jesus are also accepted as recDrded sive issues. That is both its strength in the New Testament.

and its weakness; and both are in- We have here a well written, herent in the situatiGn which he SD st "aight fDrward narrative of Jesus' faithfully and intelligently depicts. life on earth, as viewed by a devDut student who accepts Him as personal W.H.F. SaviDur and Lord. It is not a Bible The Life of Jesus. By Basil Mathews. exposition Dr an interpretation of 506 pp. $3.00. Richard R. Smith, Jesus, His teachings and ministry but New York. 19.31. is interesting and helpful and, from a One evidence of the deity of Jesus literary and Christian point 'Of view, is His undying influence and the God- takes its place amDng the best.

The Reform M~"ement in Judaism. David the advocates of the one claiming that Philipson, D.D. 503 pp. $4.50. MAc- millan. New York. Judaism's truth will eventually prevail This is a revised edition of Dr. without active efforts being put forth Philipson's scholarly volume, published in 1907. During the past twenty-four to gain adherents to its doctrines, years much has happened in the field of reform in Judaism, and this volume while others hold that there are at has incorporated much valuable supplemental material and brings the present great opportunities for Judachanges which have taken place in the reform movement up-to-date. ism, and that if the proper steps were In opposition to orthodoxy, which is taken, many who are dissatisfied with largely static, reform Judaism seeks to adapt the fundamental principles of other creeds will eagerly take refuge the ancient faith to the conditions of modern life and thought. It main- within its ranks." That men and tains that God's revelation is progressive, and that Judaism has within women born outside the Jewish faith itself the authority to adapt this revelation to the changing conditions of do become identified with it is evisuccessive ages. Dr. Philipson traces the growth of the reform movement denced by the action of the Central from its inception in Germany early in the nineteenth century to our own Conference which, in 1891, laid down generation, and particularly in the United States. the conditions upon which proselytes The departure of reform Judaism should be received into the Jewish from orthodoxy is seen at very many points. The reform house of worship fold, and which, in 1927, adopted a is named a temple instead of a synagogue; the service is largely in the manual for the instruction of prosevernacular; it brings together the sexes in the family pew, and makes use lytes. J. S. C. of the organ and mixed choir; it rejects the belief in the coming of a per- Waste-Basket Surgery. By Gordon S. Seasonal Messiah, and is opposed to the grave. 174 pp. $1.50. Judson Press. restoration of Israel, as a nation, to Philadelphia. 1930. Palestine. The dispersion of the Jews is regarded as a providential means of Here is an intimate picture of medfulfilling the Jewish mission, rather ical mission work on the Chinese fronthan as a punishment for sin, as taught tiers of civilization. In America where by orthodoxy. The Mosaic and rabbin- comforts and luxuries surround us ical ritual regulations are largely dis- many are unable to realize the condicarded as foreign to the views and tions that exist in lands less favored. habits of modern civilization, and as In this book we see the work of a busy lacking in spiritual value. Reform physician who talks while he works. holds that ethical monotheism and What he sees as he makes his rounds loyalty to the Jewish heritage are the in the hospital wards and busy clinics fundamentals of Judaism. would be depressing were it not for his unfailing humor in the midst ofa dif- The question of whether Judaism ficult situation. We see them moving should seek proselytes is one that has patients about on doors, using a sadreceived much consideration by the dle pony as an ambulance; operating leaders of reform. Dr. Philipson says: on a dirt floor with instruments sal- "There are two well-defined positions, vaged from the waste-basket of an American hospital; there is very in- adequate sterilization; ignorant pa- tients tear open stitches of their own wounds. In spite of these handicaps, poor nursing, and over-crowded con- ditions with little or no assistance, the missionary phy·sician goes cheer- ily on his way, making the best of a difficult situation.

In six short years fear and super- stition were broken down and replaced by love and confidence. Kachins and Shans from two tribes that are sworn enemies, meet together in the wards of this humble institution and each

BOOKS WORTH READING

learn that after all the other is not presentation of His Gospel. He thereso bad. Hindus, Burmese and Chi- f'Ore makes the Church central in any nese; Buddhists and Christians, oc- adequate scheme of village developcupy beds side by side and learn to ment and points the way to the reenjoy each other's fellowship. Such building of rural life in accordance a work of love and mercy cannot be with the Law of God. in vain. The plan of the book is thus de- Ignorant and poorly educated na- scribed: tive girls are being trained to become good nurses and able midwives. Such To describe as briefly as possible those a service is heroic and represents the conditions in rural India which form the type of work that must be done in background of the missionary enterprise; these outlying areas before they can to outline the movement for rural uplift; be opened to modern civilization. to indicate some of the means for strengthening village work in the light These humble beginnings are foun- of the larger Christian purposes; to sugdation ·stones on which schools and gest methods of cooperation of Christian colleges with modern medical insti- and other forces; and to try to show that tutions and complicated public health leadership in the task of erecting an adeorganizations are to be built in the quate rural civilization in India is part future. If American people could pro- of a common world task for the Christian duce more of this sort of men, and Church. had the spirit to back them up with money and prayers, this work might Dr. Butterfield, with ready intuition, be advanced so as to uslrer in the marks the ·significance of the movekingdom of our Lord and Saviour. ment in India, where village uplift means the recovery of a lost ideal, the J.H. W. rebuilding of a broken village unity, and he finds in "reconstruction" the The Christian Mission ill Rural India. By fitting word. He is not unmindful, Kenyon L. Butterfield. Rs. 2. N.C.C. however, of the law of change and he Office, Nelson Square, Nagpur, C.P. sees little likelihood of the Indian vil- lage being refashioned according to This book is a permanent and read- the plan of a golden age; but he knows able record of an important piece of the beauty and value of community work faithfully done. In the grow- life and believes they can be restored. ing literature on rural reconstruction The "rural reconstruction unit," sums it will hold an influential place. The up the Butterfield rural philosophy. accuracy and balance of a state docu- Here is his own definition: ment are here allied to fine human feeling and informed by an unhesitat- A rural reconstruction unit is a group ing Christian view of life. Facts are of contiguous villages, perhaps ten to fifmarshalled by a scientific hand and teen in number, in which as full a proconclusions are drawn by a trained gram as possible of rural reconstruction observer. But the book is more than service shall be made available to all peoa storehouse of well sifted information ple. All agencies for educational, health, and accumulated wisdom, it is a con- economic, and social progress will be fession of faith on the part of a dis- urged to pool their efforts through some ciple who sees in the weather-beaten form of community council, in an at- Indian peasant the divinely appointed tempt to get the people to cooperate in steward of the soil and in every field building a new type of Indian rural coma temple of God. In this approach to munity. The Church must lead in the the rural problem lies the real sig- endeav·or to make the enterprise thornificance of the book. To Dr. Butter- oughly Christian in spirit. field village uplift is more than an attractive form of Christian philan- By serving the two great purposes thropy: it is an inevitable expression of demonstration and inspiration the of· the Spirit of Christ, a living rural reconstruction unit points the way to the building of a truly Chris- tian rural civilization. It is an en- deavor to bring to bear all the uplift- ing influences associated with the

Christian message on the life of the and that this Council should do everycountryside, and thereby opens the ~hing in its power to further such a polgates of the more abundant life to all the people, irrespective of caste, creed ICy.

J. Z. HODGE.* or social position. Among these up- Religion and Civilization in West Africa. lifting influences the primary place must be given to the Church, wherein A Missionary Survey of French Brit- resides the "strong central driving ish, Spanish and Portuguese' We8t force" which the Report of the Royal Africa, with Liberia. By J. J. Cooksey Commission on Agriculture holds to and Alexander McLeish. pp. 277. 58. be essential to the carrying through World Dominion Press. London. 1931. of schemes of village uplift. Allied to the Church must be the school, for The oft quoted words of David Liv- "education is the fundamental meth- ingstone: "The end of the geographod" and the schoolma,ster has a great ical feat is the beginning of the mispart to play in rebuilding rural India. sionary enterprise" could be applied But Church and school must not be to this and the other admirable surleft to fight the good fight alone, the veys prepared by the World Dominion home, the hospital and the cooperative Press. Some earlier volumes in the bank have a contribution of inesti- series have been criticised because of mable value to make. Unrelieved suf- inaccuracies, but this is of high charfering abounds and the hospital is acter, with excellent maps, statistical usually far away, an endeavor must tables, and carefully collected facts. therefore be made to provide a med- The foreword contains a list of names that inspire.g confidence in the reader.

ical and health service, and this the The whole survey covers twenty rural reconstruction unit sets out to colonies in West Africa and impresses do. A sufficiency of Christian homes one with the rapid occupation and the and a network of well-run cooperative stupendous changes that have taken banks together with the resources of place within a few decades. Railways, the rural church, the rural school and good roads, air routes, and better the rural hospital would turn these steamer connections are rapidly trans- debt and disease ridden villages into forming all West Africa. Its wealth "colonies of heaven." of natural resources is being poured Dr. Butterfield's heritage to India into the world markets. Christian is the rural reconstruction unit. It is missions have labored under grave a call to churches and missions to difficulties from the beginning. The enter unitedly and hopefully into a death roll has been great, and the great field of service. Guidance will average period of life service short.

be found in these pages for all who Furloughs are neces-sarily frequent, have a mind to serve rural India and but meanwhile a Christian Commuwe earnestly hope that the book will nity of 313,599 has grown up. The be widely read. Dr. Butterfield has story of the remarkable increase due given us a splendid lead. His plan to the "Prophet" Harris is told here has been endorsed by the National and reference is made to other Afri- Christian Council in these well- can leaders.

weighed words: The account of Liberia does not It is our considered judgment that the mention the recent drastic criticisms creation of Rural Reconstruction Units of the Government as to slavery. The having their roots in the great human in- conclusions at the end of the Survey terests of the Church, the school, home, speak of missionary waste and overthe hospital and the bank, and reaching lapping, because of sectarianism. The out in the spirit of Christ through co- following criticism of educational op.eration ~o serve. the religious, educational, medIcal, SOCIal and economic needs * From The National Christian OounciZ Reof all the rural people should be the view. united policy of missions and churches

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missions in West Afr{ca may not meet knowledge, or even of performance- which may be divorced from real inwith universal approval. terest-but also and perhaps su- premely a matter of appreciation, of In view of the fact that such serious identifying self with the thing known objections can be urged against the na- and done, the author tells of his perture of much of the secular education, ·sonal experience wi th the Lincoln also that Christian education is so very monument, the facts about which he inadequately done, that three-quarters of knew and to which he paid an initial the missionaries are now engaged in edu- visit. The monument so won his cational undertakings, that Government whole self, that on his next visit to now controls the educational policy and Washington he spent his spare time will more and more direct it, a reconsid- in lying on the grass on the lawn in eration of the wh{)le educational activi- front, drinking in the beauty and meaning of it. s. ties of missions is called for. Prof. Fleming's work is thoroughly M. Z. modern. He emphasizes the newest ideas regarding education and psy- Education for World-Mindedness. By Al- chology. The mathematics teacher, bert John Murphy. Abingdon Reli- in order to teach John geometry, must gious Education Texts, College Series. not only know geometry, but even 366 pp. $2.50. Abingdon Press. 1931. more he must know John. He stresses response and initiative and "doing" This is presumably a manual for on the part of the pupil, or of the National in the mission field. college classes, and particularly for He contrasts those who from the teachers. Its title is descriptive of beginning have developed or promoted or waited for the initiative, the planits scope. Among other phases of its ning and the execution of needed tasks by the Nationals, with those who, by subject, it deals with missions. The the help of authority and funds have author acknowledges his indebt~dness carried the tasks through, or have at- tempted so to do. The results seem to Professor John Dewey, and his edu- to justify the former method.

cational point of view is that of this Running through the book is a very profound respect for the sanctity of well-known teacher and philosopher. each individual, however weak or ig- norant or suppressed such a person His approach to missions is of the may be. Thus in dealing with com- pulsory Bible teaching in mission distinctly liberal type and is indicated schools, 'our author says: "There are two sides to this big question of reby the characterization of the "demo- quired Bible teaching in mission schools, and it will therefore be absurd cratic concept of missions" as "shared to try to settle the question in a few paragraphs. In hosts of places it does religious values," as against "the un- not have the atmosphere of coercion, and little harm, if any, is done from social concept of missions" as "uncom- that aspect of the matter. But what we are here pointing out is that it is promlsmg attitudes toward other incontestable that in many places it does have all the characteristics of a religions, ror example, 'Give up Bud- coercion experience, and that in every place where Bible classes and chapel dhism and accept Christianity.''' The book is more adapted to teachers than to students. While there is much that is commendable about it, the author apparently does not know missions sufficiently to have made his volume particularly useful in introducing stu- dents to the subject. K. S. L.

Helping People Grow. An Application of Educational Principles to Christian Work Abroad. By Daniel J. Fleming. 208 pp. $2.50. Association Press. New York. 1931.

This book applies the principle teachings of modern psychology and education to the problems of foreign missions with lucidity, helpfulness and objectivity. Some of the illustrations are very happy. In driving home the fact that education is not only a matter of understanding, of acquiring

are required for students of another China's Revolution from the Inside. By religion and race, those responsible should be most alert to know what is R. Y. Lo, Ph.D. 370 pp. $2. Abingactually going on within the minds don Press. New York. and hearts of the students." There are numerous books on China The writer of this review, questions some of the author',s modern principles by foreigners, but comparatively few as not going to the roots of human by the Chinese themselves. This one life. Prof. Fleming seems to say that if one knew all that the modern edu- is doubly welcome. The author is one cators of America had to say about human nature and educational prin- of the influential and constructive ciples, one could go out and always do Christian leaders of China. Educated the right thing and always apply the right principle. But human nature is first at a missionary college and afterfar too subtle and environment is far too complex and changeable for any ward in America, a Doctor of Philossuch intellectual or educational solu- ophy of Syracuse University, he has tion of the intricate problems of hu- been editor of the Chtnese Christian man growth. Advocate at Shanghai for the last ten years. He is a member of several in- In the book there throbs no supreme terdenominational Christian bodies, passion for righteousness, justice, mercy and self-immolating suffering and is chairman of the National Antifor others-without which there is no helping people grow. The major Opium Association .of China. thesis of the book is that if you put the Nationals always as supreme, and He gives a birds-eye view of the Revolution, and then discusses the various movements that are surging in present-day China, closing with the WomAn's Movement and the Christian Movement. The book is written in excellent English, and is character- ized by ability, soundness of judgment and Christian spirit. A. J. B.

if you glorify the native church, you Guinness of Honan. By Mrs. Howard will be right, but that if you promote Taylor. 322 pp. $1.75. China Inland anything foreign you will be wrong. Mission. Philadelphia.

This whole contrast tends to run with Missionary biography is enriched the modern mania for Nationalism. by this interesting and attractive There is much to be said for this volume. The beloved medical missi:::m- trend, but if Christianity ever loses ary whose life story is recorded .in the certain knowledge that Christ is its pages opened, with Dr. Sydney supreme above nations and National- Carr, the first hospital in the Province ism, that one can never be an Ameri- of Honan, China, and for thirty years can first and a Christian afterwards, he toiled there with indefatigable then indeed Christianity and Christian energy, professional skill, humanita- missions are done for. rian sympathy, and Christ-like dev.o- The book does not go deep enough; tion. He was a man of faith and it accepts uncritically all of modern prayer, eager to help in saving the thought with little discrimination. It souls as well as the bodies of his nu- treats superficially the whole problem merous patients. His hospital at Kai- of evil in relation to the growth of feng was not only a place of physical personality. By this time we ,should healing but of spiritual power. The have some very eminent examples of hardships of life in the interior of living from these American theorists, China were many and the peril some- were the deepest truths contained in times great, but all were cheerfully this volume. The book should be read met "for Jesus sake" and the people by Christian workers, because it pre- for whom He died. The preparation sents one aspect of the truth that we of this biography was a labor of love all need to understand. by his sister. A. J. B.

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1930

A STREET IN THE MOSLEM QTTARTER OF

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Unpaid Ministry. James S. Mather. 24 A New Era in Missions. Homer E. Wark. op. 25 cents. "Robert" Press. Co- 187 pp. $1.50. Revell. New York. lombo. 1929. 1929.

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Annual Report of the American Friends The Christian Content of the Bible. George Board of Foreign Missions and the Board Holley Gilbert. 207 pp. $2. Mac- of Home Missions-1928-1929. 111 pp. millan. New York. Richmond, Ind. 1929. The Long Crooked River. Albert Board- Report of the Annual Missionary Conven- man Kerr. 235 pp. $2. Knicker- tion of the Cumberland Presbyterian bocker Press. New York. Church-1929. Princeton, Ky. 1929. Lutherisches Missionsjahrbuch. W. Gerber. American Bible Society Annual Report- M2.50. H. G. Wallbaum. Leipzig. 1929. 383 pp. New York. 1929. Palestine Today and Tomorrow. A Gen- Annual Report-Board of Foreign Mis- tile's Survey of Zionism. John Haynes sions, Methodist Episcopal Church, Holmes. 271 pp. $2.50. Macmillan. 1928. 526 pp. New York. 1929. New York.

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WOleAN'S HO~E llISfHON BULLETIN Professor Shotwell regarded the •• • EDITED IlY Fr.OREXCE E. QUlxr.. lN 218 conference as extraordinarily success- ful. It showed how unofficial discus- WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK … ,…….. 221 sions of the most difficult and irritat- ing controversies by men who have BOOKS WORTH READING ………. 237 both goodwill and exact information TFJH~IR.-'$2.50 a p'ar. ($2.00 In clubs of can find ways for their genuine solutiVf'.) Fnr('igt fm:z:tn~e, 50 f."Pl1tS. Rhlglro copies, tion, The very fact that no resolutions 25 cents. PuhliNlu·(I nwnthly. Copyrighted, were adopted and no formal state- 1£)30, by MrssJON ..RY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM- ments of results were made added P.NY, IKe. AU rights reserv('d. greatly to the liberty of discussion and the ability of the Institute to reach a TIlE MIflSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING general consensus of opinion. COlIPANY. I~c.

ROHERT E. SPEER, Pre81df"t '''ILI.IAM I, CHA:r.UHCRI4AIN, Vice-Pre8ident DELAVAN L. PlERSON, .Qecretarll V,].TER II CDOUlUI.L~ Tf'ea8u1'6t'

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LIII, No.3 March

LETTERS FROM ABROAD-NO. 1 From New York to Cairo BY DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor O NE of the steamer letters ful Gulf Stream and, while fierce that 'bade us God-speed as gales beat up the waters of the North Atlantic, our good ship we sailed away on the Ca- sailed under clear skies and nadian Pacific liner, Empress of through calm seas on its southern Altstralia, was from my friend and experienced world traveler, Dr. course. There was no good excuse William T. Ellis. With his words for experiencing maritime misery.

of friendly farewell he offered this With a staff of twenty cruise direcwise counsel: "Seek out the hard tors and entertainers, and with and dangerous experiences, for some 540 ships' officers and crew, therein will be found your real re- stewards and stewardesses to care wards. And, by all that you hope for every conceivable and unexto gain from the trip, I adjure you pected want of 320 passengers, to take time to sit and soak in situ- there was still less opportunity to ations new and important. A week experience hardship and little for of leisurely living in a lonely mis- independent self-service. What a sion station may do more for you great contrast to the crossing of than the sight seeing of six cities." the Atlantic by the intrepid discov- On a tour de luxe, such as is ar- erer, Christopher Columbus, or the ranged in a modern cruising steam- brave Pilgrim fathers and mothers. .er, it would be difficult to find ways Only 41 sailors cared for the Mayto follow this sage advice, or the flower and its 102 passengers. apostolic injunction to "endure That vessel was less than one per hardness as a good soldier of Jesus cent of the tonnage of the Empress Christ." Sailing out of New York of Australia, so that if our crew harbor on a bleak December day, and passenger list were of equal the young blizzard that enveloped proportion we would have on board land and sea was more than com- over 14,000 people instead of less pensated for by the warmth and than 900. The Pilgrims were cheer of farewell messages and re- obliged to carry food for their membrances. three months' passage over a course that now occupies only six days. The chilling storms of New York were soon tempered by the wonder- They had no electricity and no ice.

165

They were dependent upon the fully and quaintly picturesque. fickle wind to waft them to their Semitropical and temperate zone port, whereas this great ship is flowers grow in profusion and the equipped with oil burning engines imported Scotch heather sometimes that send us forward at twenty attains a height of 30 feet. The knots an hour. Our food stores in- rocky southern slopes of the mounclude 140,000 lbs. of meat, over tains are diligently cultivated by 60,000 lbs. of turkey, chicken and the Portuguese inhabitants who game, and 95,000 eggs, as well as own small "upright farms" on vegetables and other food. slopes that have an angle of 30 to 45 degrees. On the innumerable Lectures, musicals and other en- terraces they grow sugar cane, tertainments, dances and masquer- grapes for wine, vegetables and the ades, deck games and contests are flowers which they love. The water added to the well organized sight- for irrigation is brought through seeing tours to fill up the time. miles of conduits from the high- Travels clubs, camera clubs and oth- lands in the center of the island, er groups are organized on lines of where the rainfall is heavy. An kindred interests. The daily news enchanting panorama of these sheet, called the Em-Press, gives mountains, homes and terraced world-wide a'nd ship news, and de- gardens unfolds as we rise by the lightful illustrated Memograms de- cog railroad to the Terreriro da scribe tours and points of interest. Lucta chalet 3,285 feet above the sea. A novel and thrilling experi- The passengers and crew repre- ence is the three mile coast down sent a cross section of humanity to Funchal on dry land tobaggans with many characteristics and va- with greased runners, through the ried interests. The cruise members narrow lanes paved with cobble include a former president of Yale, stones, at the rate of from five to many retired business men, pro- fifteen miles an hour! fessors and teachers enjoying a sabbatical year, many widows, one Madeira is not only an island of or two counts and baronets-but no rare beauty but it is a land of inclergymen. There is a great op- teresting contrasts. In general the portunity for a director of missions men look like bandits, but are inon such a cruise in order that the dustrious and honest. Many of the passengers may return home with younger women have Madonna some reliable information on the faces and many of the children are Christian work that is being car- like cherubs, though some of the ried on in the countries visited. latter go about in rags and are im- The excellent cruise lecturers would portunate street venders or begbe happy to give such information gars. The narrow streets of Funwere it permitted, but the fear of chal run between plain, forbidding propaganda makes the cruise directors cautious. stone walls, but behind the gates are beautiful gardens and a no less A Visit to Madeira beautiful home life.

These volcanic islands, rising out Among the contrasts of the city of the Eastern Atlantic, lift their are the ancient and slow bullock heads some 6,200 feet into the sled:.; now competing with the modclouds. The main island, on which ern, rapid moving, honking autois the chief city, Funchal, is beauti- mobiles. The leisurely hammock is

LETTERS FROM ABROAD-NO. 1

still used for travel over mountain trades as barbel·s, cobblers, tin- paths and passes where, there are smiths, wine merchants, etc. Meat no roads, but the funicular railroad hangs exposed in the butcher built up the mountainside repre- shops; fish lie in baskets on the sents modern progress. stone pavements; the bakers and Perhaps the greatest and most confectioners' wares are unprostriking contrast is between the tected by glass windows or cases. hard working peasants who have A hole in the wall may be a rescultivated the rocky mountain ter- taurant, a gaming-room, or a brothraces, the endlessly toiling women el. Men sit and play cards, or who wash their clothes in the beds dominoes, or throw dice. Many of of the streams or in the wayside the women are veiled up to their gutters on the one hand, and on the eyes, but others are unveiled and, other the gay and careless nightly visitors to the casino, where they dance, drink Madeira wine, and gamble at roulette or bacarat. It is the workers, not the gamblers, who are characteristic of Madeira -as it is the workers and not the bandits who represent New York.

There are many fine Roman Catholic churches in Madeira, and the Protestants witness to their faith in the work of the Church of England, Scotch Presbyterians and Wesleyan Methodists.

In Moslem Algiers CHILDREN OF AT-GlEnS The contrast is great between the if they are over thirteen, that in Madeira garden mountainside and the Moslem quarter means but one the dark and dirty streets of the sad thing. Moslem hillside in Algiers. The former reveals what man can do In the midst of such surroundby industry to overcome natural ings it is not surprising that there obstacles. The latter shows the ef- is every evidence of degradation. fee,til of superstition, ignorance and Fortunately, the Mohammedans sin in a city district that has not are required to whitewash their progressed in 500 years. houses inside and out three times a year-on the prophet's birthday The Moslem quarter of Algiers and on two other holy days. It is is typical of the worst side of Mos- to be hoped that one of these days lem life and religion. The streets was near at hand at the time of our are so narrow that in some cases visit. There was sore need of disoutstretched hands can touch both infectants and fumigation. walls at once; the upper stories overhang so as almost to meet. The Our hearts went out to the chilcenter and walls of the street are dren who grow up in such surtoo often not much better than open roundings. They are apparently toilets. In the midst of this darkness and filth, merchants ply their

undisciplined and enjoy to the full the making of images and "like- the "modern" privilege of "self- nesses of anything in heaven above expression." The only apparent or in the earth beneath." The re- limit to this freedom is that in fam- ligion of the vast multitudes of ilies of the poor they are obliged Moslems is a matter of form, and to work. We saw little children of even the prohibitiDn against strDng four or five carrying pails of water drink and the injunction to pray weighing as much as themselves. five times a day are largely neg- Other children of seven or eight lected among the city dwellers. No were employed for long hours in call to prayer is sounded frDm the rug factories, skilfully tying knots muezzin tDwer.

as fast as their tiny hands per- But there is another side to the mitted. No wonder that the illit- life among Moslems in Algiers.

eracy of Arabs in Algiers is 80 % This is seen in Christian contacts and influences. In addition to French Roman Catholic work, which has turned some of the old mosques into Christian churches, there is a work conducted by the North Africa Mission, the Church of England and others. The Al- gierian Mission Band, founded over twenty years ago by Miss 1. Lilias Trotter, of England, has now about thirty missionaries scattered in some fifteen stations in Algeria.

They go out among the desert tribes, distributing Christian lit- erature to those who gladly buy, teaching the children, visiting A:, .RAB READING TO THE ILLITER- women in their homes, and talking ATES IN ALGIERS to men on the roads and byways.

and far exceeds that of the desert Last year they distributed in this tribes. way over 15,000 pieces Df litera- Religiously the Arabs are back- ture, thus scattering good seed, ward and have not advanced in the some of which fell on good ground knowledge of God since the days of and bDre fruit. In a suburb of Al- Mohammed. Their superstition is giers, the band has headquarters shown in the use of "Fatimas" in a house formerly the headquar- hands, painted or molded on the ters of pirates. How different its sides of their houses to ward off present use-not as a place for evil; or in the painting of their gathering and enjoying ill-gotten walls blue for good luck; or in the spDils, but as a home where Chris- fear they still show of the evil eye tian missionaries may be prepared of the camera, at the sight of which for service or may recuperate from women shouted and fled precipi- overwork, and from which "leaves tately. The coming of the cinema of healing" are sent out all over has, however, largely done away Algieria-500 miles east and west with the objection to pictures, so and 1,000 miles to the south. Work long prohibited by their law as to is also done among women and chil-

LETTERS FROM ABROAD~NO. 1

dren in the Kasbah or Arab quar- and was promised his liberty if he ter of Algiers. The best work is would return to Islam. If not, he through the personal contacts with was to be buried in the cement the missionaries who live Christ in foundations. Geronimo refused. the midst of these people. The vast His hands were tied behind him majority of them are to be pitied and he was cast alive into the founrather thaI) blamed, for they fol- dations, where cement was poured low blindly their blind leaders and over him. A monk, named Haedo, know not a better way-certainly recorded the story in 1612, and not the Way, and they cannot know when the fort was demolished in except someone point them to Him. 1853, the bones of Geronimo were dlscovered in the mould formed by In the museum of Mustapha Su- his body. A plaster cast was made perieur in Algiers, there is a per- CAST OF GERONIMO, THE MARTYR OF ALGIERS petual evidence of the power of showing the hands bound with Christ to transform these Moslems ropes behind the martyr's back and and give them courage to endure a face of strength and courage. persecution. A young Arab, who This cast is now in the museum at heard the Gospel from a Spanish Algiers, and in the Church of San priest, was converted and took the Philippe – a mosque transformed name of Geronimo. He was taken into a church-rest the bones of to Spain to be educated, but in 1569 Geronimo with an inscription dehe was captured by the Moors and scribing his martyrdom. He has brought to Algiers. Every effort been canonized by the Roman was made to induce him by prom- Church, but he was already a saint ises and threats to renounce his and an heir to the Kingdom of allegience to Christ, but without Heaven. Do we not need more of avail. He was taken to the place the stalwart faith and fortitude of where they were building "The Geronimo in the Church of Christ Fort of the Twenty-four Hours," today?

FROM THE RIO GRANDE

CAPE HORN BY THE REV. THOMAS C. MOFFETT, D.D.

Secretary oj the Inafan Mi.'J8'ion oj Amcrtc(, ana oj the Cmnmissiou on the Indians oj Lntin America T HE statements of this article is easily classified, but what about regarding the Indians from persons of mixed blood? Mexico to Patagonia have In view of the increasing interbeen compiled from various est which students of the American sources, to answer five questions Indians have been showing in the and reveal the neglect and the need question, Dr. Warren K. Mooreof evangelization and Christian head, a member of the Board of nurture for the millions of the na- Indian Commissioners and director tive American race who are with- of the department of anthropology out missionaries. As a preliminary of Philips Academy, addressed a observation the statement of the questionnaire to leading scientists Rev. W. F. Jordan may be noted.: and other interested persons, and "There is an' America, largely un- the subject was discussed at a meetknown to the rest of the world, ing of the American Antropological almost totally undeveloped, un- Association. Dr. Moorehead comtouched and unaided by modern bined a summary of the replies Christian and philanthropic effort. with his own observations as fol- A section of this in Central and lows: South America constitutes 'the greatest stretch of unevangelized By the designation "Indian" is meant territory in the world.' Here the a male or female of native American Indian descent whose father and mothpopulation is overwhelmingly In-' er were native, aboriginal Americans dian, and can be fittingly termed in whom the quantum of Indian blood 'Indian America.''' predominated. Further, as Indians un- Who Are Indians 1 der this designation are included such persons in whom the quantum of blood The classification of racial is one-half Indian and one-half white, groups, where blood of various that is the father of white descent and strains has mingled for genera- mother of Indian descent, or vice vertions, is difficult. In 1519, Cortez sa. Also are included under the desigand his Spanish Conquistadores nation "Indian" persons of one-fourth reached Mexico, and into the em- quantum of Indian blood.

pire of Montezuma, soon over- For the purposes of the present thrown and devasted, there was study of the populations of Latin introduced the Caucasian race, des- America, the classification of only tined to become socially, politically those individuals of predominantly and racially dominant over the Indian blood is accepted as mark- populations of the red race. The ing the line of distinction between question "What constitutes an In- redmen and other races.

dian?" has been variously viewed by scientists and pUblicists. A per- How Many Indians in Latin America?

son whose native American Indian The twenty republics occupying blood is one hundred per cent pure the vast area of the Western Hem- 170 isphere south of the United States as follows: Quechuas 3,000,000; have a population of approximately Aymaras 500,000; Colombian civilized 80,000,000. Estimates of the Indians 500,000.

"Statesman's Year Book" and oth- "There is no need to describe the er investigations authorize a classi- admirable features that characterfication which it does not claim to ized the Inca Empire, which exbe accurate but which serves the tended over almost all of the purpose of division into groups for upland territory, embraced in the ready reference as follows: White three republics of Bolivia, Peru and population, 18,000,000; Indian, Ecuador, or the inferior but still 17,000,000; Negro, 6,000,000; advanced culture of the Chibchas mixed White and Indian, 30,000,- .in Colombia. Prescott, in his "Con- 000; mixed White and Negro, 8,- quest of Peru," Sir Clements Mark- 000,000; mixed Negro and Indian, ham in "The Incas of Peru," and 700,000; East Indian, Japanese Thomas A. Joyce in "South Ameriand Chinese, 300,000. From an- can Arch::eology," considered these other source, one-third of the pop- people worthy subjects for their ulation of Latin America has been masterly sketches. The Indians of estimated as Indian. Dr. S. G. In- those celebrated days were by no man, in "Problems in Pan Ameri- means exterminated by the Spancanism," says: "Although the proc- ish. They survive, probably in reess of assimilation by the Iberian duced numbers and certainly under conquerors in the early days went great oppression, but still capable on rapidly, resulting in the large of the achievements that distin- I'uestizo population which consti- guished their ancestors. Among tutes the bulk of the population to- the humble peons on the Andean day, it must be said that this farms, and particularly among the process seems now to have prac- still existing independent commutically ceased, leaving intact an nities that occupy the more isolated aggregate community of some 18,- sections of the plateau, there live 000,000 of pure Indians, scattered many worthy sons of once distin- from Mexico to Patagonia." guished families. Though sub- Of the Highland Indians of the merged beneath the surface of the Andean Republics, Dr. George M. present social and political life and McBride, reports: deprived of almost every oppor- In Bolivia, 50 per cent of the in- tunity for economic, intellectual or habitants are classed as of pure Indian spiritual advancement, these rugblood, while 27 per cent are of mixed ged mountain people preserve race with the Indian character pre- many of the physical, mental and dominating. (Census of 1900.) In moral qualities which in centuries Peru, out of a total popUlation of 4,- past made them dominate the des- 500,000, the Indians number about 2,- tinies of the entire continent. This 500,000 or over 55 per cent. In is peculiarly true of the Aymara Ecuador, there are practically no per- and the Quechua tribes, the most sons of pure Spanish blood and the numerous as well as the most pure Indians are estimated as about promising of these Indians.

1,600,000. In Colombia, about to pel' "The Lowland Indiam; of South America, in contrast with the highcent of the population iR of pure In- land peoples, are largely uncivildian blood. Though no exact statistics ized. Due in great part to their are available as to the exact numbers, the major divisions are probably about

unfavorable geographical environ- ally, note the following statements ment, they have never developed in from those who have carefully the social scale but remain, as they studied this situation. Dr. McBride have been for ages past, in a state writes of the highland Indians: of greater or less savagery. They are divided into multitudinous These Indians are neither educated small tribes, sometimes loosely fed- nor Christianized. For four centuries erated but generally at more or less they have lived side by side with Euroopen warfare one with the other peans. Yet the vast majority of them and each speaking a distinct lan- can neither read nor write, speak no guage or dialect. The Araucanians languages but their own, are familiar of south central Chile are far above with only a few empty symbols of other lowland tribes, possessing a Christianity and worship, as of old, fairly high degree of civilization, the spirits that, to their simple fancy, with agricultUre and stock raising inhabit fields, rocks and mountain well advanced and an organized peaks. As to their needs, very little patriarchal government. has been done for them in any way, either by missionary agencies or by "Any calculation of the numbers the governments in whose jurisdiction of lowland Indians in South Amer- they live. In general, they have been ica can be only rough estimates. entirely neglected and left in their No census of the republics con- primitive state, to become the prey of cerned attempts to state their In- a slowly advancing wave of civilization dian population of the forests in in which Christianity has played no more than general terms. The fol- part. They have thus been entirely lowing is an estimate based upon at the mercy of traders, industrialists the most reliable data available: and slave raiders. Brazil 1,300,000; Peru 1,000,000; Ecuador 700,000; Bolivia 400,000 ; Mr. Kenneth Grubb, says: Venezuela 300,000; Chile 102,000; Colombia 100,000; Paraguay 50,- There are few missions today which 000; Argentina 30,000; The Gui- work in the indigenous tongue of the anas 40,000, total, 4,022,000. Indians. If you speak to an Indian in Spanish or Portuguese, you do not "In Mexico and Central America make much progress; but if you talk as in South America, exact enumer- his own language you get along much ation of the Indians is entirely better. Perhaps the problem of the lacking. The following figures are civilized Indian is much the same as only approximately correct but are that of the uncivilized. The difficulties based upon the most accurate sta- that have prevented the progress of tistics available: Mexico 5,224,- Protestant missions among the Indians 500; Guatemala 1,202,150; Salva- are due first of all to the nature of the dor 234,650; Nicaragua 180,000; country. Communication is difficult. Panama 91,000; Honduras 60,000; British Honduras 20,000; Costa Secondly, the linguistic diversity Rica, 3,500; total 7,015,800." which obtains among the tribes. Some years ago I published a map present- Why Is This Called the Continent of ing a linguistic classification of 350 Neglect and of Opportunity? different tribes speaking different dia- lects, not all of course radically dif- Regarding the neglect of these ferent; they belonged to about 50 well millions of Indians and their needs marked different linguistic stocks. religiously, socially and education- Another questkm is that of idenli- fir-atioll. The habitat of the llldiall~ is a serious matter; the identification of his tribal identity is another one, for without that, one cannot know in what

INDIANS FROM THE RIO GRANDE TO CAPE HORN

language to approach the Indians or er deeply-seated evils are scarcely more whether it is a language whose lin- than pl'Ojected. The most effective of guistic affiliations make it worth while these is probably the Aborigines Proto commence work among them. tection Society of Peru. This is doing a great work in defending the rights We are not in the position in the of the Indians. The activity so far Amazon basin to start any vast has almost wholly been in opposition schemes of education among the 350 to abuse of the Indian, rather than in uncivilized tribes of Latin America, positive effort to raise him above the but spiritual attainments are to be de- position which permits of the abuse. sired. This is especially the case be- The whole force is Peruvian except a cause the Indian of the interior is young German-Peruvian secretary. entirely in a savage state. For instance, in June, 1925, I was offered In an article entitled "Indigehuman flesh among the Indians. nous Simplicity," William F. Jones Among the same tribe I was finally wrote in The Atlantic Monthly for robbed of all my possessions and August, 1928, this characterizadothes and turned out naked in the tion: forests. You can readily see under those circumstances that one's life is In the casual habits and mental beat stake sometimes. havior of the peoples indigenous to them, the true understanding of the Dr. John A. Mackay, speaking Latin American countries may be on "Adventures in the Mind of found. Observers often make the mis- Latin America," gives a suggestive take of looking for complex psychologi- cal processes and oblique explanations point of view: in these people. The secret of un- derstanding them rests in simplicity, South America is probably the only not complexity. Their ideas, their great region of the world in which thoughts, their actions, are childishly there is no deep-rooted racial preju- simple. Like children they give free dice. It is today the world's largest vent to their emotions, like children Lrucible of race fusion. No race is their amusement is generally at the excluded on ethnic grounds from en- expense of someone else's discomfort; tering this crucible. Where exclusion like most children, they are inherently exists it is due entirely to economic honest, but sometimes put their own reasons. There is fundamentally no trivial gratification foremost at unexsuch thing as racial antagonism. In- pected moments ….. . ter-marriage between the four ethnic families has gone on and continues to Among the Indian natives I have go on …… A keen student of South seen the trait of honesty so often that American sociology, Sr. Jose Vascon- I have no patience with the prevalent celos, the distinguished Minister of opinion that the native is a thief. One Education during the Obregon admin- custom that surprises the stranger in istration in Mexico, has entitled his the larger Mexican cities is the casual latest study of the Southern continent: way in which people carry sacks of "The Cosmic Race." His thesis is that money about the streets. There being South America is the sphere where a no paper currency business houses new "cosmic" race, a fifth member of send boys and clerks to and from the the ethnic family, is being evolved to banks, unguarded, carrying thousands whose formation the white and the of pesos. black, the red and the yellow races are making their contribution. This would Dr. Robert E. Speer, speaking be the true ecumenical race of the fu- of unoccupied areas, said: ture. The opportunity at least is given for us United States people to make Regarding Peru, it is stated: some amends to the Indian race which Societies to combat intemperance, social vice, Indian exploitation and oth-

is so rapidly being wiped out. Very Foreign Missions Conference of hard that problem is going to be in North America and the Committee mauy respects, one of the m08t diffi- on Cooperation in Latin America cult problems of pioneer missionary discussed a program of work work that Christianity has ever un- among the Indians. The total popdertaken. The heroic tasks have not ulation not reached by evangelical all been exhausted by the martyrs be- effort was stated to be between 11,- fore us. There are tasks as heroic, 500,000 and 12,000,000. The unchallenging the church of this gen- civilized lowland Indians were eration, and it may be that out of this represented as, in general, totally congress a spirit of sacrificial appeal neglected. This field of effort was will go to the hearts of the young men proclaimed the noblest task to and young women of our Christian which a Christian missionary could churches that will lead them forth into devote his life. It was proposed those great perils of life involved in that a deputation to South Amerithe evangelization of these Indian peo- ca on the Indian fields should be pIes …… The most needy and un- organized. Vigorous and coordicared for sections are the Indians of nated action was called for. A the Amazon, the Aymaras of Bolivia, Committee on Findings reported as the Quichuas of Bolivia and Peru, and follows: the tribes of Ecuador and Colombia. There are savages among these In- The interest in all discussions has dians, but they are not inaccessible. proved conclusively that there is an honest and earnest purpose on the The Honorable Ignacio Calderon, part of all boards and their missionlate Minister of Bolivia to the aries to solve the problems and push United States, wrote for Current the work to victory with the help of History the following plea: Christ and His church. This confer- ence was intended to bring the needs The Indians constitute the working and conditions of work for Indians 'to force of the respective countries. They light as had never before been done. cultivate the land, exploit the mines, The result is an unmistakable concluconstruct roads and are employed in sion that the churches are under oball kinds of manual labor. Notwith- ligation to undertake on a scale never standing centuries of submission, the before attempted the evangelization Indians remain a sturdy and intelli- and the Christian education of aborgent race, without which the countries iginal Americans of whom there are that have them could not subsist. No not less than 15,000,000 full bloods greater duty devolves on the democra- between the United States and Cape cies of America than to make intelli- Horn, to say nothing of the many milgent and educated citizens of the now lions more who are largely of Indian abject and oppressed Indians. Every blood. sentiment of humanity, every principle of justice and duty call for the redeem- This conference therefore urges ing of those millions of abused mem- every board, to which allocations of bers of the so-called Latin American work for Indians are suggested by the Republics, where no equality in fact Committee on Cooperation in Latin exists, and where want of education America, to assume those responsibilileaves these victims at the mercy of ties to the fullest extent possible. their oppressors. The time has surely come for something to be done. In April, 1924, the Commission on Indian Work in Latin America What Have the Evangelical Forces was organized. The purpose was Planned and Projected for the In- stated to be "to study and promote dians of Latin America 1 missionary work among native- speaking Indians in Mexico, Cen- In January, 1920, the Committee of Reference and Counsel of the

tral America and South America." representative of the Christian The significant statement was made churches, should confess with pain and by Mr. A. C. Snead that "the claim repentance the lack of attention with of the Latin American Indians up- which it has regarded for years the on the Christian church is a claim evangelization of the Indians, and it of a neglected race. They have proposes to awaken a Christian rebeen deeply affected by the politi- sponsibility in the respective national cal and economic life of Christian churches so that they shall not fall civilization and always to their det- into such neglect again. riment. There are more languages What Are the Prospects of the Work?

among these peoples in which the The tabulations of reports from Gospel is not available than in any some thirty-five organizations, hav- other part of the world today." ing relations to Indian fields of Dr. William r. Haven, Chairman, Latin-America, are at the offices of said: the commission, 419 Fourth Ave- Each missionary group working nue, New York.

among these Indians should be re- The educational advance for quested by some central authorization South America, through the Comto send in all the knowledge they have so that a group of experts may put mittee on Cooperation in Latin this whole picture together. We can America, has greatly impressed a no doubt get the cooperation of the number of outstanding leaders of American Geographical Society, the the church. Here one nation was National Geographic Society, the Pan- speaking its message of friendship American Union, the Museum of Nat- to a sister continent. Bishop Wilural History and like organizations. liam F. Oldham, after considering The second thing is to get that knowl- this program, summed up his im- edge out among the Christian people pression, with which other leaders through our churches. There are re- are represented as agreeing, when sources that should be put into this enterprise in faith, in life and in mon- he said: "Without undue enthusey, in the hands of Christian people iasm, speaking deliberately as a in this country, that can be brought man who all his life has been out into service if we can get this infor- on the firing line, associated with mation to the people. It is up to us to large projects in different parts of set the church on fire for the task. the world around, I say that the Maybe it cannot be done. We must educational advance for South not say so nor must we think so. It America is the most comprehensive can be done if we will all get together. challenging program for Christian Five years later, the commission service that I have ever known." was reorganized, May 15, 1929, to Dr. Webster E. Browning, writbe composed of representatives of the various agencies at work among ing in the REVIEW, April, 1928, on the Indians of Latin America. "Notable Conquests in Latin Amer- ica," stated: The Evangelical Congress held in Havana, June 20, 1929, gave Help for the submerged Indian speci~l attention to the Indian masses did not enter into the plans of problem. Extended resolutions Evangelical forces fifty years ago. were passed with the following Even that which is being done today opening statement: is tragically inadequate to the needs of these millions of fellow Americans, as pagan as were their forefathers The commission believes that, as a when Columbus first looked on the preliminary step the congress, as a shores of America. Yet, considerable

interest has now been aroused in the that land seemed to be not only closed problem, a number of missions have to the Gospel but utterly neglected been organized, in one country there and shut out of the thought of God's are now fourteen where three years people in this land of ours. But far ago there was but one, and it is hoped more thought and prayer and service that steps may soon be taken to or- have been given to South America ganize and coordinate these various than ever before. And the result is bodies and carry forward a work seen today in doors wide open throughwhich shall bring to the hundreds of out the whole continent. The faces of widely scattered tribes the benefits of the Indians are toward the light, and Christianity. wherever they see our work they say, "Come to us and teach us and help At the annual meeting, in March, us." With their own hands they are 1929, of the Evangelical Union of building little churches and schools South America, A. Stuart McNairn and looking to us for the' teachers who said: shall bring them into the light.

A new day is dawning for South A new day is dawning for South America. One can hardly realize the America. Let us welcome it and tremendous contrast of things as they take our part in making it the day are today and as they were only a few of the Lord Jesus Christ. years ago. T):!ere was a time when A NEW NOTE IN TRAVEL M AKING travel a vital factor International Council of Congrega- in promoting international tional Churches to England; an understanding and good Art Appreciation Tour under Mrs.

will without eliminating its pleas- R. Edson Doolittle; and a Dante ing vacational features is being Pilgrimage under Mrs. George H.

emphasized in the many tours be- Camehl.

ing arranged for the season of The National Federation of 1 9 3 0 by World Acquaintance Business and Professional Women Travel, Inc. Distinguished men are arranging their third year and women are among the leaders series of tours under World Ac- of these various groups. quaintance Travel. Eight Quin- Some of the tours have been ar- quennial Tours to the Meeting of ranged strictly for study and spe- the International Council of Wom- cial observation. Others are of the en at Vienna, May 27 to June 9 sightseeing variety. Among those are also among the study tours.

with a definite objective, is a group With but few exceptions, all led by Leonard Barron, Horticul- tours will visit Oberammergau and ture Editor of Country Life; a the Passion Play. Each group will motor tour through Spain and also have the advantages of the Italy will be under the leadership hospitality and cooperation of the of Mrs. John Walton Paris; a tour International Committee of World to the Social Service Conference in Acquaintance Travel. This Com- Upsala under Mrs. John Ferguson mittee has been organized for the and Mrs. Josephine Stearns; a purpose of bringing World Ac- Friendship Tour under the aus- quaintance Travelers in closer pices of the Methodist Church, and touch with the problems, institu- the Good Will Pilgrimage of the tions and social life of the nations.

DAY, CAPE HAITIEN

TOMORRO'V IN HAITI BY THE REV. CHARLES S. DETWEILER, D.D.

S ecreta-t'Y, American BapttBt Home Mission Soci ety O NE cann.ot predict what to- longer in the backwaters of the morrow will be in Haiti world's life, but is now fairly without taking into account launched on the main currents.

the American occupation. Will Our country has no more impor- Marine intervention cease in 1936 tant international relations than when the treaty of 1915 expires? with Latin America, and its deal- Or will a new treaty be signed pro- ing with Haiti will help to make or viding for further intervention? mar its fellowship with the other Or will the Commission recently republics of this hemisphere.

authorized by Congress recommend Since the summer of 1915, Haiti some better way in which our Gov- has been virtually a protectorate of ernment may help Haiti? We at- the United States, American treaty tempt no answer to these questions, officials cooperating with Haitian and therefore our forecast of the officials in governing the country.

future is indefinite. But the Amer- There is an American High Com- ican occupation by its past achieve- missioner who seems to share with ments has definitely determined the President of Haiti supreme that Haiti can no longer, as in the power, and there is an American past century, remain in isolation Financial Adviser – General Re- and neglect, overlooked by the mis- ceiver, who confers with a Haitian sionary and humanitarian forces of Minister of Finance in the collec- the world. The Marines have tion and expenditure of revenue.

forced a certain amount of prog- Other Departments, such as Public ress upon the country. It is no Works, Sanitation, and Police, are 2 177

directed by American treaty offi- complished in roads, bridges and ciais in cooperation with Haitian public buildings with the scanty cabinet ministers. In all of these revenues of this poor Republic.

lines Haiti has been governed with But what wins one's greatest ad- a high degree of efficiency and hon- miration is the service rendered in esty. Most noteworthy has been human welfare by the Navy phy- the successful financial reorganiza- sicians that are stationed all over tion of the Republic. Foreign the island as Public Health officers, claims have been liquidated, the not only working for clean streets foreign debt reduced, the budget and a clean water supply, but heal- has been balanced, the currency ing the sick in their daily clinics stabilized, and a large cash balance and also building hospitals. No built up. medical missionary could be more In the early days of the occupa- beloved for his service to suffering tion the first institutions to present humanity than some of these phy- a new and modern front were the sicians, who ride out into the coun- prisons, and the element of the try to hold clinics for the poor. Be- population ,that saw the first im- cause of their disinterested service provement in living conditions they have been able to secure the were the prisoners. The peniten- cooperation of the Haitians of the tiaries became models of neatness; better class in developing a few trades were taught and gardens large public hospitals. Of one of cultivated within the walls, and so these hospitals it is said with different was the lot of the prison- pardonable pride that it is the ers from their former days when largest in the West Indies, a they were dependent upon their worthy boast for a country that has friends or charity for their daily hitherto ranked as the most back- bread, that to the poor outside it ward of this region, seemed no hardship to be a pris- In the original treaty which the oner. Now that a well-trained Na- United States gave to Haiti to sign, tional Guard is policing the coun- under which all of this helpful ad- try, the barrack or police station of ministration was authorized, noth- each town has become the model ing was said about the Courts of house of the community. Over Justice or Public Education. Later each of these barracks presides a experience has proved that these noncommissioned officer of the U. omissions were regrettable. To S. Marine Corps, a tested and ap- remedy in part what was omitted, proved man with pride in his work. a new Department called Service What a sight for the weary eyes of Technique has been instituted, at the foreign traveler to come into a the head of which is an American little town in the interior and find and a small force of foreign agri- a well-kept lawn in front of the cultural experts. Under their di- police barracks and a vegetable rection rural schools have been garden in the rear, an object lesson established, where the emphasis is of great value to the rest of the laid on manual training, gardening, population. and the care of animals. To sup- Then there is the Department of ply teachers for these schools a Public Works, staffed by engineers central normal school is maintained belonging to our Navy. The mar- at the capital. There are also in- vel is- to see how much has been ac- dustrial schools for boys at several

TOMORROW IN HAITt

of the larger towns. In addition to of the popUlation, which is an esti- these schools the Service Technique mate only of the number of illiter- maintains tw~nty demonstration ates, have received marked benefits farms, and certain experiment sta- ft'om the American occupation and tions for coffee and sisal, and sends is apparently contented. They are through the country a number of freed from fear of bandits or revo- farm advisors. Many of the more lutionaries; they may safely take intelligent Haitians believe that the produce of their little farms this is the most valuable contribu- over good roads to market. In any tion of the American occupation to case they have always been treated the welfare of their country. as inferiors and are accustomed to For that branch of the Haitian this treatment. As peasants, they government called Public Educa- have not aspired to social equality tion the American treaty officials with the merchants, professional are said to have little sympathy. men and politicians of the cities.

While large sums have been appro- But these latter are the unhappy priated for the Service Technique, classes. They have been deprived which is under American control, of any part in choosing their Presi- appropriations for the Department· dent or the Council of State that of Education, which remains under has supplanted the national Con- the Minister of Public Instruction, gress. If any of their number are today smaller than they were criticize the President too severely.

in 1914-1915. Haitian teachers in he is thrown into jail and left there the agricultural schools receive a long time without trial. A Na- higher salaries than their fenows tional Guard, officered by Amer- in the ordinary Haitian schools. icans, is the instrument of these oc- The American criticism of these casional acts of despotism and is schools, even where manned by the support of a government in capable teachers, is that they are which they have no voice or vote.

academic, not fitting the pupils for To add to their resentment the any vocation. The Americans American Treaty officials, who rightly believe that it is of the ut- have the last word in the collection most importance to teach the chil- and expenditure of revenues and dren how to work, but it is unfor- who thus control the destinies of tunate that they have not prepared the country, have not succeeded in the Haitian educational authorities suppressing altogether their feel- to undertake the responsibility for ing of racial superiority. They these agricultural schools. The dwell in the midst of the Haitians danger is that when American con- with a separate social life of their trol is removed, all the work of the own. Although care has been taken Service Technique may fall to the not to wound their racial sensibili- ground. ties, the Haitians cannot help feel- This leads us to note what is gen- ing that their country is ruled by erally agreed to be the chief failure men from the United States where of the American occupation. It the distinctions of race are never has not succeeded in winning the forgotten.

sympathy and cooperation of the Whether it be because of this educated classes. Its human and lack of sympathy between Ameri- social contacts are all too few. The can cfficials and the educated common people, ninety per cent classes, or because of the desire for

efficiency in administration, there Christian missions in Haiti is that has been little or no preparation "a great door and effectual" is open of the Haitians for self-govern- to the country people, but the opment. They have not had an op- portunity with the educated classes portunity to elect a Congress or a President. If the American occu- in the cities is uncertain. The impation comes to an end according provements in public order and to the terms of the present treaty public works and the new rural in 1936, Haiti will not have been schools resulting from the occupaany better prepared for self-gov- tion have changed the whole life of ernment than if there had been no the countryside. It is a day of intervention by the United States. awakening. Thousands are learn- To all intents and purposes the ing to read who never read before. United States is administering the The Word of God may now have affairs of Haiti as if it has received free course among the masses. In a mandate from some association the cities on the other hand, there of nations, without planning for a is a certain amount of resentment definite end. at foreign control and consequent anti-American feeling. The Roman Religiously, Haiti is different Church appeals to the educated from other Latin American repub- classes as being a part of their cullic in that there is no anti-clerical tural inheritance from France, of party; there seems to be not even which they are proud. They want the beginning of any such move- to be treated as of French, not as ment as in Mexico led to a break of African origin. With good reabetween the church and the state. son they feel that their spiritual In Haiti the religion of the state is heritage ought to characterize them Roman Catholic and its ministers rather than their physical traits. are supported by public funds; and The way of approach to them is the people seem to be content to not easy if it be with an American have it so. Public education is in emphasis. part in the hands of priests and nuns. There are also certain Ro- Fortunately for the progress of man Catholic schools that receive the Gospel, the Protestant faith most of their support from the had already become rooted in Haiti state. through missionary efforts of for- mer generations. British Wesley- But just as the old type of public ans were among the earliest to education reached only a small establish evangelical churches in proportion of the children, so the that land, followed by British Bapstate religion has in reality affected tists in the forties of the last cenonly a small part of the population. tury, whose work was later con- African voodooism is a more po- tinued by Jamaican Baptists. A tent force in the life of the masses decade later an American Negro than Roman Catholicism. This cult from Connecticut successfully is prohibited by law, but the pro- founded the Episcopal Church in hibition has not been effectively a number of towns, and some Bapenforced. In general one may say tist Abolitionists from New York that the religion of the country founded a mission in the capital people is more animistic than city. The churches founded by Christian. these pioneers still live, and al- The situation then that confronts though small, they number some

1930J TOMORROW IN HAITI

cultured and mfluential families the building of these chapels, and among their members. From them for the support of primary schools have come ministers who, having in connection with some of them.

received their early preparation in To be sure they have been built the Lydie of Port-au-Prince, con- little by little in the course of thir- tinued their education in American ty-five years, but this work has seminaries, and have set a high meant that Pastor L'Herisson has standard for the Protestant min- spent about half of each week in istry. The Protestant churches the saddle. Now at an advanced may be small, but they are now age he is still straight and strong, rooted in the soil and, having been and still keeps a close oversight of in existence long before the Ameri- all his groups of believers. As this can occupation, are not looked upo!). work is the outgrowth of British as part of it. It is true that the Baptists it is fitting that it should Episcopal and most of the Baptist receive some support from Jamai- churches have now some connection can Baptists, who had assumed with American Mission Boards, but their ministry is Haitian.

The futm:e of the Protestant churches lies in the extension of their ministry away from the coast- al cities into the neglected interior of the island. The first pastor to discover the untouched resources of the rural population was Nos- sirel L'Herisson, of the Baptist Church of Jacmel, as far back as 1895 when he gave himself to the COUNTRY HOUSE IN IlAITI work of the ministry. Going out This Hut Can Hold Over li'ifty People on mule-back every week to seek what they could of the mother So- the lost on the mountains overlook- ciety's obligations in the West In- ing the southern coast, he has grad- dies.

ually built up a body of believers Beginning at Cape Haitien on numbering 1,200 communicants the north coast, Pastor A. Groves and some 2,000 more who are con- Wood, a British missionary in the verted but not baptized because un- employ of The American Baptist able to be legally married through Home Mission Society, has led Hai- their past sinful entanglements. In tian Baptists to evangelize the in- addition to the chapel at Jacmel, terior of the Island just as Pastor which is the home of the church L'Herisson had done in the south.

into the membership of which all The same readiness to hear the are baptized, he has led these peo- preaching of the Gospel has been ple in the building of twelve stone found among the country people in chapels in as many out-stations the one case as in the other. Among scattered among the hills. When other places the little town of St.

we consider that the average daily Michel was deeply stirred, and the wage of a laboring man is twenty believers built themselves a little cents, we can appreciate the conse- chapel of mud walls and thatched cration and skillful leadership in- roof, which was no sooner com- volved in the collection of funds for pleted than it became too small.

Here occurred the conversion of a sian was to gather all of his images, notable "bokor" or voodoo priest. fetiches, and charms and pack them Like Simon Magus he had given into this "houmfort." Then he cut himself out to be a great man with down the sacred tree, under which powerful charms. He attended a most of the heathen ceremonies gathering in the home of some of were performed, and added it to the members and was deeply af- the pile. Then he summoned the fected by what he heard. One verse nearest Baptist leader, who came of Scripture that haunted his mem- with a number of his members. ory was: "No man, having put his When they arrived the converted hand to the plow and looking back, "bokor" poured kerosene over the is fit for the kingdom of heaven." "houmfort" and set fire on it. The Later he left the district and tried news of this conversion and defito efface from his mind the Chris- ance of the voodoo religion spread tian impressions received at that like wild fire through the region meeting, but this one text of Scrip- and as a result of this testimony ture would not leave him alone, and others were won to Christ. it finally brought him to the feet of his Saviou,r. Afterward his wife Every church or outstation esalso found peace. She said that she tablished requires a primary school had suffered from demons and was where the children may be taught often unable to sleep, for as soon as to read and write. The church night came these demons took pos- desiring a school furnishes the session of her and she knew noth- room and the equipment, and the ing of what she did until the mission furnishes only the salary demons left her. In a very real of the teachers. The equipment in sense hundreds of people in Haiti most cases consists of a simple have been set free from the fear of thatched covered hut with benches demons by the knowledge of the and with rude desks for only a part Gospel. As one listens to their testimony when examined for bap- 0: the pupils, to be used in relays tism, one is impressed by the little that is said concerning Romanism for writing lessons. In some places and by the frequency with which there are night classes for adults they bear witness to the peace that who want to learn to read. It may has come into their lives since they be a long time before sufficient believed that Jesus has conquered schools are established by the Govthe demons and freed them from ernment for all the children of bondage to their tormentors. Haiti. Meanwhile the Protestant churches must make provision for About three years ago there was a literate membership and thus published a translation of the Gos- contribute to the building of a new pel of John into Creole. This is the and better Haiti. language of the countryside, a patois of French but containing many The sense of nationalism is African words. Between Las Cao- strong in Haiti. It is the only nabas and Mirabalais a voodoo priest tion on this hemisphere where the was converted through reading Negro race has an opportunity to this Gospel. He had a "houmfort" or rude temple in his yard. The develop its own institutions. Its first thing he did after his conver- independence must be jealously re- spected by the United States. If our help is extended in the spirit of brotherhood, tomorrow in Haiti will be full of promise.

DO YOU KNOW ABOUT

MEXICANS?

BY THE REV. ROBERT N. McLEAN Director, Spanish-SpcuJd,ng "-Vork oj the Presbyterian Board oj National Missions O F ALL the peoples who have even these have their elements of come to our land, there are uncertainity in determining total none who are so little known population, because of so many and little understood as the Mexi- variable factors involved. In one can immigrants. Go into any pub- year 62.1 per cent of all the Mexilic library and ask for literature cans entering legally were adults, about Italians, Japanese, Poles, and and three fourths of these were you will soon be barricaded at your males. In the industries there are reading table with a wall of books; many "solos" or single men. Mexiask for information about the Mex- cans usually have larger families icans and the librarian will explain than native Americans. There are to you that there is no book entire- many Mexican children employed ly devoted to the subject and that in seasonal agriculture and are the periodical literature is meagre therefore not in school. All these indeed. The Mexican is the man are factors which make it difficult whom we do not know. to fit school or employment sta- tistics into the formulre commonly The whole subject is clouded used in determining population. with uncertainty. Estimates as to the total number of these people in Because of this uncertainty, one the United States vary from a mil- guess is as good as another, except lion and a quarter to three millions. that the best guess is the one which Even the government statistics do is quoted most frequently. Repetinot help us much, for they take tion has tended to give value to cognizance only of those entering estimates of Mexican population. legally, while during the past dec- Our guess for the purpose of this ade hundreds of thousands have discussion will be 1,750,000 in the entered surreptitiously. "Wet United States, not counting the backs" they are called east of El large number of Spanish Ameri- Paso; "Bootleg Mexicans" where cans in New Mexico and Colorado. the Rio Grande no longer marks the boundary. Recently the border When the immigration from patrol has been increased and the Mexico began in large numbers, it vigilance tightened; but the num- was confined almost entirely to ber of Mexicans here illegally is so Texas, California, Arizona, Cololarge as to render the government rado and New Mexico. The revolufigures valueless in an effort to de- tionary period which began under termine the size of the problem. the leadership of Madero in 1910 left Mexico in turmoil. Then came The only two safe guides are the the World War with its depletion school enrollment of Mexican chil- of our own labor supply. The dren and the statistics as to the Armistice ushered in a new era of number of Mexicans employed in industrial expansion calling for an the major industries such as rail- unprecedented amount of common roads and beet comoanies. But labor. And so with the push of 183

want behind and the lure of oppor- conditions incident to a settled com- tunity ahead, the Mexicans munity. A church or a community swarmed northward by the hun- house set upon concrete founda- dreds of thousands. Then came the tions illy meets the needs of a development of immense irrigation family which lives upon wheels.

projects bringing under cultivation The Baptists have taken an ad- millions of acres of new land, dedi- vance step in the use of their chapel cated for the most part to the grow- automobile, and the Council of ing of seasonal fruits and vegeta- Women for Home Missions is doing bles. Finally the quota law of 1924 a notable work among the Mexicans greatly cut down the supply of through its department of work for common labor from Europe and cannery and migratory workers; resulted in a corresponding accel- but as yet a set-up which will ade- eration of immigration from Mexi- quately meet the need has not been co. developed.

In the southwest there are three In fact, any solution can at best main types of employment which be but a makeshift. There is too lure Mexicans. He is first recruited much moving on the part of the by the agricultural interests, and Mexicans and too little interest on his labor is' largely migratory. the part of employers in the social When a crop, such as lettuce or needs of their workers. It has been melons in the Imperial Valley of estimated that the average Mex- California, or cotton in Arizona, is ican migratory worker is idle 30.4 ready to be gathered, there is a tre- per cent of his time. Large em- mendous demand for Mexican la- ployers seem to want Mexicans bar; but once the crop is harvested numerous and hungry. They de- the demand immediately disap- mand that the labor reservoir shall pears. The Mexican packs his few always be full so that the expense belongings and his large family of recruiting may be reduced to the into a decrepit second-hand car, mWlmum. Some plan must be and rattles away to work on an- worked out whereby employers of other crop somewhere else. Case migratory agricultural labor may studies have been made which show budget their labor needs, coop- that the average migratory family erating rather than competing in lives in five or six different places the use of the Mexicans. In this during a calendar year. the railroads might cooperate by The problems of the school, the arranging to do the bulk of their community house and the church in construction work during the pe- dealing with such a shifting group riods of greatest idleness in crop can readily be imagined. One work. Such a plan would be to the school teacher in the San Joaquin interest of all, for if the growers Valley in California reported a cannot harvest their crops the rail- Mexican turnover of forty per cent roads will have nothing to haul.

every month during the school The railroads themselves are the year. A Sunday-school in Arizona second large employers of Mexican with an average attendance of 75 laborers in the southwest. Roy E.

had 642 different names upon its Kelly, of the Southern Pacific Rail- roll in one year. The trouble lies road, estimates that, counting men, in the fact that our missionary pro- women and children, 250,000 of gram has been developed around these people are supported in this

WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT THE MEXICANS?

country by. railroad work. The their home and their last '!rust with railroads claim that they are the a friend. Juan Garcia therefore best laborers available, being able "visits" with a relative or an acto withstand the extreme heat of quaintance until he gets a job the desert and willing to do without wheeling concrete or digging with argument what they are told. Also pick and shovel. And when the they are willing to live in box-cars, crop which recruited him again or cement section houses, and to needs his services, he is reported work for $2.60 per day. missing.

But both railroads and agricul- Since the quota law of 1924, turists are constantly losing their Mexicans are found in ever-in- A MEXICAN HOME IN BELVEDERE Mexican laborers to the industries creasing number outside the southin the large cities. Very frequently west. The Interdenominational Juan Garcia is out of a job, and Council on Spanish-speaking Work, when he has no work he inevitably a subsidiary of the Home Missions drifts to the city. Although a Council, is conducting a questionfarmer he gravitates to the metro- naire survey of this phase of the politan area for three reasons. He problem. It has been discovered is natural1y gregarious, he is sure that there are two main groups of to have a relative in the city, and Mexicans. The first is made up of he has learned that if worst comes those laborers who have been reto worst, charity is better organ- cruited by the sugar beet comized to care for him there than in panies and who are to be found in the country. Mexicans will share Kansas, Nebraska, Idaho, Wyo-

ming, Michigan and Ohio. The sec- zumas, they introduced the feudal ond group is about the Great system of Europe. The economic Lakes, where Mexicans are em- order which they displaced had ployed in the various foundries, been largely communistic. Land factories, steel mills and automo- belonged to the Emperor and was bile manufacturies. There are held by individuals only in trust. about 30,000 in Chicago, and Illi- Failure to till the ground was nois last year was the fourth state looked upon as a social sin because in declaration of destination on the it removed from production part part of incoming Mexicans. of the patrimony of the tribe. Con- tinual disuse of the land meant that In this lively competition for it would be taken away and aslabor, the beet growers hold the signed to another. . bag. The work they offer is irregular, requires child labor, provides The Spaniards introduced priinadequate housing conditions and vate ownership of land in vast poor pay. As a result it is only the estates. Such expeditions as those first-year Mexican who is found of Cortez were financed out of pristooping over the beet fields. As vate capital, and it was understood soon as he becomes sophisticated that the backers were to be reimhe slips through the fingers of the bursed out of the spoils of the consugar company and gets a job in quest. To Cortez himself was given Detroit, Pontiac, or Chicago. an estate which covered 25,000 square miles, while to even the In the last-named city there is a colony of about 1,500 Mexicans humblest foot-soldier in the ranks supported by work in the foundry a princely donation of land was of the General Motors Corporation. Most of them were recruited by the made. It must be admitted that beet companies; all of them are permanent additions to the indus- the Spanish were interested in wintrial ranks. They do the hottest ning the Indians from paganism, work, the dirtiest work, and they earn on the average $4.50 per day. but it was thought that the easiest But there is no "season" in such way to accomplish this noble aim work, for the foundry runs night was to assign responsibility to each and day. In fact, a woman keeping a rooming house for Mexican landholder for the people living "solos" went to the employment officer and requested that certain upon his estate. So there was not men be transferred from one shift a large hacienda in all Mexico to another so that she could keep which did not have its private her beds continuously occupied! chapel. In order wisely to prepare his brief, the hypothetical friend of the But human nature is human na- Mexican must understand some- ture, and the land-owners were far thing of the background from more interested in making their which this strange laborer comes. tenants dig irrigation ditches, build For more than three centuries he houses and plant corn, than they has been it slave in everything but were in laboring for their souls' the name. When the Spaniards salvation. They earned on an averconquered the empire of the Monte- age twenty-five centavo8 a day and were housed in hovels, shacks and holes in the ground. Moreover they could not leave the land upon which they labored until they discharged their debt to their patron-a feat

which under the circumstances was the various evangelical bodies are impossible. doing among the Mexicans – and When the fires of revolution succeeds about as well as such or- blazed out under Madero in 1910, ganizations usually succeed. To- less than ten per cent of the people day there are not less than 24,000 owned all of the land. The revolu- Protestant Mexicans in the United tion had as its background igno- States, not counting Sunday-school rance, disease, squalor, slavery, scholars or that large group of ad- superstition, and practically all of herents who for social reasons are their ills-social, economic, spirit- unwilling to declare themselves.

ual, the Mexicans have owed to the The Mexicans who have come in- land system. Disease came from to this country present a rare op- malnutrition and poor housing; portunity for evangelistic effort.

ignorance from the fact that the landed aristocracy thought the common people as little worthy of education as the oxen and the bur- ros with which they labored.

Out of this welter have come a million and three quarter of these people t6 live among us-about one fifth of all the Spanish-speak- ing people of the country. We fumigate and vaccinate and inocu- late at the border, thinking to protect ourselves from Mexican ill- health; but nobody has ever yet been wise enough to work out a system of vaccination or inocula- tion, like a shot in the arm, which can be given to a Mexican which SU NDAY SCHOOL L'i 'J'HI~ B[PERJAL will protect us from the social and VALLE'i-!'IO'J'E 'I'lU; }IIGRANT BABY OH GAN the moral ills from which Mexicans suffer. This is the task of the Rooted to the soil for centuries, school, the community house and they have at last cut the ties which the church, but it is a task which have bound them. They have left cannot be accomplished in a day. their homes, their kinsfolk, their Sufficiently heartening is it to real- work, their old environment. Co- ize that these brown-faced boys and incident with this change there is a girls, with an ancestry of three cen- dissatisfaction with the old life and turies of ignorance behind them, all its conditions. With a frank are keeping fair pace with OUT and open attitude toward new Anglo-Saxon children. And the old things in a new country, they are hovels and shacks of the Mexican also open to a new philosophy of colonies of a decade ago are giving life. But the opportunity is one place to neat, tlower- and vine-cov- which will brook no tarrying. The ered houses. Mexican people in the United States The Interdenominational Coun- are casting themselves, plastic, re- cil on Spanish-speaking Work seeks sponsive, into a new mould. The to coordinate and regulate in the Church has the chance to say what interests of comity the work which· form that mould shall take.

AND PROGRESS IN PORTO

BY C. MANLY MORTON Professor in the Evangelical Seminary oj Porto Rico PORTO RICO is one of the new- character which the average young er fields for evangelical Chris- man does not have. I want more tianity. Thirty years ago of them." The evangelical min- there was not a single Protestant istry is looked to for leadership in church on the island. Today there every forward movement for social, are more than two hundred organ- moral, and spiritual betterment.

ized churches, besides many unor- The Commissioner of Education of ganized preaching points, with a Porto Rico, when congratulated on total membership of more tha.n the remarkable progress of his de- twenty thousand. An even more partment, replied that he did not significant fact is that for several feel that even his many and good years the mission boards have been schools were making the contribu- able rapidly to reduce the number tion to Porto Rico that the Protes- of missionaries until· today no tant ministers scattered over the board has more than one mission- island were making. The Chief ary in general evangelistic work, Justice of the Supreme Court of in addition to teachers and physi. Porto Rico, in a public address, cians. One of the largest missions said that he considered that each has recently selected a Porto Rican one of the many and difficult prob- as superintendent of its evangelis- lems now before the people of Porto tic work. Another mission has no Rico was in the last analysis a re- American mIssIonary connected Iigious problem, and that the young with it in any capacity. Not a ministers were doing the one thing single church on the island is in that could solve the problems. The charge of a missionary pastor. The Judge of the Federal Court of churches are rapidly working to- Porto Rico told the President of wards self-government and self- the Evangelical Seminary that he support. is now convinced that not the Within less than thirty years, the courts, nor even education as he evangelical churches have come to formerly had believed, but the kind occupy a place of influence alto- of work being done through the gether out of proportion to their Seminary and through its grad- numerical strength. Being a Prot- uates was the only hope for the fu- estant is looked upon in most quar- ture.

ters as an asset. A prominent Of course there are many ele- government official, himself a Ro- ments entering into such a victory man Catholic, recently appealed to as this. The one, however, which the Protestant ministers to send the writer feels to be of greatest him young men to work in his de- importance is the spirit of coopera- partment. In the course of the tion and unity which has more or appeal he said, "The most reliable, less characterized the work from trus"tworthy, ·efficien.t men I get the beginning, but which has arisen come from the evangelical churches. to a place of dominant importance They seem to have a strength of during the past ten years. This 188 has enabled the e van gel i c a I ily interested in one great cause. churches to pre!'icnt a !'iolid front No bw;iness is transacted. It is and to conserve and usc many of strictly a time of communion and their forces which, under ordinary inspiration. conditions of rivalry and competition, would have been lost. The Protestant churches own and operate one of the most mod- Zones of Activity ern printing establishments in Porto Rico. They issue a sixteen The island is divided into zones to twenty-four page weekly journal of activity, and each mission is of religion which ranks as the neatgiven a special field with the re- est, most attractive, best edited sponsibility of developing it. There periodical of its kind in the Spanish has been practically no overlap- language. This has taken the place ping. The local church is usually of the several little denominational known by its location instead of by papers which were formerly pubits denominational connections. lished. It is a pUblication which The feeling is fine. The spirit of can be placed in the public libraries "the second mile" has more often or handed to the best people with predominated than has the con- the consciousness that it will make trary. A simple illustration will a good impression. A notable fact serve to demonstrate the spirit in is that more than half of its subwhich this territorial agreement scribers are not members of the has been carried out. Some years evangelical churches. ago, the Presbyterian Church transferred a small portion of its The Evangelical Seminary territory to the Disciples of Christ, who were geographically better But without doubt the greatest able to take care of it. The only single factor in the development of hitch in the negotiations came in the evangelical cause in Porto Rico connection with the transfer of the is The Evangelical Seminary. This three modern concrete church institution was established in 1919 buildings which the Presbyterians to carry forward and enlarge the had erected. The Presbyterians in- work formerly done by the various sisted on giving the three buildings denominational training schools to the Disciples free of charge, for ministers. Seven denominawhile the Disciples insisted on pay- tions-Baptist, Christian, Congreing for them! It was a desire to gational, Disciples of Christ, Meth- "give" rather than to "get" which odist, Presbyterian, and United characterized each one. Brethren – cooperate in its man- agement and support. The faculty The dangers which the isolation is composed of a president and four of divisions of territory brings are full-time professors, one of whom overcome by the Interdenomina- is a native son of Porto Rico and a tional Conference which is held graduate of the Seminary. No two each summer. From 150 to 200 are from the same denomination. workers from all of the denomina- Each student receives the same tions come together in June for a training as all the rest. The spirit week of study, fellowship and in- of the institution is thoroughly spiration. In these gatherings, evangelistic, its viewpoint is Cristodenominational lines are forgotten. centric, its methods are modern, its The group becomes one great fam- intellectual and spiritual standards

are exacting. The Latin American protection and encouragement. It is cultured, idealistic, and intel- is the logical and only place for the lectually strong. The mini"ter who two great cultures of the new world successfully appeals to them mUBt to become welded into that endur- have these qualities plus a faith ing friendship based upon under- and spiritual power to make him a standing and good will, which can real leader. and will stand the stress of sus- The Evangelical Seminary of picion, commercial rivalry, political Porto Rico is the largest institution blundering, and intentional mis- of its kind in all Latin America, representation. Columbia Univer- and it is the only one giving a sity recognized the strategic im- standard bachelor in theology de- portance of Porto Rico when it es- gree. It is located just across the tablished here its School of Trop- street from the University of Porto ical Medicine. Boston University Rico, and works in complete har- recognized it when it gave its co- mony and cooperation with that in- operation in developing here a stitution which is rapidly moving School of Commerce. Charles toward its ideal of becoming a Evan HUghes recognized it when great Inter-American University. he accepted the chairmanship of a The students of the Seminary and special committee organized in the University mingle in the class New York for the purpose of rais- rooms and on the campus, and one ing a huge endowment fund for of the finest pieces of work being The University of Porto Rico. The done on the island is that of the Evangelical Seminary wishes to do quiet influence of these student con- for the spiritual life of the Amer- tacts. icas that which these other institu- The Seminary draws its students tions and agencies are doing for from all parts of Porto Rico, and the scientific, commercial, diplo- from Cuba, Santo Domingo and matic, and purely cultural life.

Venezuela. Its graduates go to Two of the big reasons why every section of the Caribbean Protestant Christianity has not region, as well as to many other made more progress in Latin lands parts of the world. Already it has are: first, the lack of unity, and five men in Cuba, five in Santo second, the fact that the message Domingo, five in Venezuela, two in has usually been cast in an Anglo- Columbia, one in Central America, Saxon theological mould which the three in Spanish work in New York Latin mind neither cares for nor City, and more than one hundred understands. Porto Rico has only in important pastorates in Porto 3,400 square miles of territory.

Rico. There are constantly on file Into that it has crowded a million calls for prepared men from other and a half men, women, and chil- sections of Latin America, which dren. Under these conditions, peo- cannot be filled. ple have to work in harmony and Porto Rico is the only place in understanding. Here evangelical the world where both English and Christianity is trying out many ex- Spanish are official, cur r e n t I Y periments. Here it is looking deep spoken, languages. It is the only into its own soul in a noble effort place where the two ciVilizations, really to find itself in relation to Spanish and Anglo-Saxon, live side the supreme task of revealing by side under conditions of equal Christ to a Latin people.

S(J:I!E OF THE PEACE CARAVANERS SEN'l' OUT DURING THE SUMMER OF

UNDER THE RED AND BLACK STAR The Story oj a Remarkable Humanitarian Service BY ANNA L. CURTIS Publicity Secreta,J'Y of the AlnCric(f~n F1'icJlds Sen;ice CQnlmHtce T HE American Friends' Serv- population of France and Belgium, ice Committee was organized the first man in the field, it is said, June I, 1917, by the Quakers wearing the same arm-band or of the United States-the Relig- brassard that his father had worn ious Society of Friends. They col- in similar service in the same land lected $5,000, chose Rufus Jones as forty-two years before. chairman, borrowed Haverford American Friends gave much College as a summer training help to the English at this time, school, and called upon the young but did not organize in a national men of the Society who preferred way for the work until the United constructive to destructive work, to States also entered the war. In the volunteer for relief and reconstruc- ten years after 1917, the American tion in the devastated districts of wearers of the red and black star France. The eight-pointed red and made their way to every corner of black service star of the Quakers suffering Europe-over 900 Amerihad already been worn in France can men and women, mostly young by English Friends in 1872, and members of the Society of Friends, twenty years later in Bulgaria and laboring always in closest coopera- Russia. Three weeks after the war tion with the English Friends and broke out in 1914, English Friends their other hundreds of workers. began relief work among the civil In both America and England, 191

the Quaker work touched popular vided paying work for the women :'lympathy. People of every nationality, religion and political opinion during the long winter houn;, esgave money and goods to the Friends, the American Committee tablished an orphanage (liquidated alone receiving in ten years' time over $12,000,000 in cash, and a still in 1929), and an agricultural larger sum in clothing, seed, food supplies, drugs, etc. school (recently turned over to the Help was given without regard Polish Government). to religion, or politics, or nationality. The kind of relief given, of In 1919, the Friends reached course, was dictated by the particular need. In France, thousands Austria and Germany, there to find of shell-damaged houses were repaired and hundreds of new cot- the problem of terrible malnutritages built, while their occupants were provided with clothing, beds, tion, affecting hundreds of thouutensils, seed, rabbits, fowls, for beginning life again. Temporary sands of children with rickets or children's homes were conducted and a maternity hospital was tuberculosis. The Friends bought founded, the last being later endowed as a permanent gift to cows and milk from the countries France. In Belgium, similar work for children was done. which had once been a part of Aus- In Russia, thousands of Polish tria, but are now no longer and refugees were aided and, during the famine years, several hundred became the iargest milk distribthousand Russian peasants were fed and probably saved from death utors in Austria. They trained and by starvation, while a children's clinic, nursing service, and model sent out traveling teachers of hyfarm demonstrated in the famine area a better way of living. Suf- giene who taught children and fering Serbia received new homes, clothing, food, and medical service. adults in the most remote parts of At one time, the only medical help for 80,000 people was that of the the country how to avoid tubercu- Quakers. In Poland, after the war, the Friends hauled timber for new losis. homes, supplied food, clothing, tools, sheep, and seeds ($100,000 In Germany, two periods of worth of the latter in one shipment). The Quaker anti-typhus child-feeding were carried on. Durunit at one gateway from Russia, by which were pouring in the re- ing the first, the Quakers cooperturning refugees, helped to save Europe from the threat of typhus ated with a committee in the which came with them. They pro- United States under Mr. Hoover's leadership; during the second, with a similar committee headed by General Allen. In all, over 2,- 000,000 children received a supple- mentary meal in school, for periods varying from a month to a year.

This child-feeding work was chiefly a concern of the United States.

But, through the English Friends mainly, much help was also given to students, old people and families in distress, in both Germany and Austria. .

In all these countries, the physi- cal relief and reconstruction work done has proved to be, instead of a work complete in itself, the basis for a far greater task-that of openly and officially aiding in the spiritual reconstruction of the land.

As a logical result of the relief work, the Friends have established Good-will Centers in Moscow, War-

UNDER THE RED AND BLACK STAR

saw, Vienna, Berlin, Paris, and the Hospital near Moscow. The Quak- Wodd Capital, Geneva, from which ers are now oooperating, by request to carryon a further program of of the Russian Department of faith and works. In each country, Health in establishing a children's the centers are in touch with native clinic, and are to send two more leaders in peace, religious and so- nurses to train young Russi!j.n cial work. Their rooms are used women in the work. The Paris for conferences on every forward- Center has given impetus to some looking question. Travelers are notable prison work in France, in- brought into touch with the life teresting a large and influential and institutions of other countries. group in probation work and pris- Lectures on international subjects on reform under the name of Com- are frequent and the entire effort mittee for Study and Action is to try to help' individuals and toward the Diminution of Crime.

groups to a better understanding The maternity hospital at Chalons, of other countries, or of other which the Friends established as groups in their own country. part of their war work, has since The aim is the same in all; but been endowed as a permanent me- the specific 'activities, aside from morial in France. Two things dis- those above-mentioned, vary great- tinguish it, its remarkably low ly. In Paris, Berlin, and Frankfort death-rate and the fact that the are student clubs, where students nurses' aides come from several of several different nationalities different countries. They are come together for social gather- young women who gladly give a ings or friendly discussions of vital year to this international service.

questions. At the Vienna Center, All the centers work in closest nearly 200 young people, mostly cooperation, collecting valuable in- still in the teens, similarly meet in formation, exchanging articles in eight or nine club-groups for study, newspapers and periodicals, ar- social periods, and, above all, to ranging conferences between na- catch the international viewpoint. tionals of different countries. The The Geneva Center has a Student Berlin and Warsaw Centers, for in- Hostel, primarily for the accommo- stance, brought about the first con- dation of post-graduate research ferences between Germans and students, and the fifteen or eight- Poles held after the war. The Ge- een who are there 'during a year neva Center also has done much to are drawn from five or six differ- bring into cooperation for joint ac- ent countries. Two yearly scholar- tion and mutual information serv- ships for study in Geneva are given ice the seventy-odd international to teachers of history in Quaker organizations which now center in schools or colleges. Geneva.

In Poland, the Peasant Indus- In 1928, the American Friends'

tries Scheme has provided women Service Committee extended its with weaving and embroidery work work to Japan, cooperating with to do during the winter months, another Quaker organization to the products being sold mainly in send to Tokyo a young couple England and the United States. In whose sole business is to help cre- Russia, two Friends are taking ate a better understanding between public health work as their service, Japan and the United States. They and are working in the Botkinsky work with several schools, are in 3

touch with leaders of liberal move- are ready to spread the Gospel of ments, and are sending home for Peace in churches, before Rotary publication a series of most in- or Kiwanis Clubs, or in summer forming and helpful articles on the schools. They teach boys' and country. Giving much time to the girls' camps the games and folk- study of the language, history, and songs of other lands, or tell tales customs, they hope they are laying of far-away children to Sunday- the foundations for intelligent schools and Daily Vacation Bible peace-making. Schools. In the summer of 1927, India, too, is now to be touched there were eight teams; in 1928, by the Service Committee. (Eng- eleven; in 1929, twelve, each work- lish Friends, of course, have long ing in a different part of the coun- been working there.) The great try.

Indian poet, Rabindranath Tagore, The Youth Peace Declamation has established a social and educa- Contests are intended to bring the tional settlement in Santiniketan international idea to children from in the Bengal district. Here young nine to fifteen years of age. Be- people are given full academic cause of the difficulty of finding training, or instruction in arts and selections suitable for such con- crafts, while a full program of tests, a book of peace recitations health and social work for the near- and stories, "Peace Crusaders,"

by villages is being built up. In was compiled, especially for the 1929, Tagore asked the help of use of contestants. During the first Friends, and the Service Commit- year, ending November, 1929, over tee has responded by sending a 500 contests were held all over the young doctor and his wife, a prac- United States, and medals awarded tical nurse, to take charge of this the winners. In several cases, health work. ·"Here at Santinike- through the interest of school su- tan," writes the young man, "is the perintendents, the schools of an en- place where the most is being done tire county participated.

to bring about an understanding Education through the press is a between the East and the West." very important part of the Service The war called the attention of Committee's work. Short and in- Friends, as of other peace-loving teresting articles and items which people, to the great lack of definite carry the international spirit are education in the United States for prepared weekly for editors, over international friendliness and un- 200 of whom in a dozen different derstanding. The Service Commit- states are now using the material.

tee is undertaking to do its share Another similar series is sent to in this needed work. Probably the teachers, club leaders, and others.

most dramatic educational activity The list of subscribers to this free thus far sponsored by American service is steadily growing, and Friends is that carried on by the now includes the Mexican Minister Peace Caravans-college students of Education, who has the articles who spend their summer vacations translated into Spanish and dis- traveling about by auto, in groups tributes them to the Mexican of two young men, or three girls, schools.

and speaking on peace wherever During 1929, two important they get the chance. Carefully peace conferences were sponsored trained before they start out, they by the Service Committee. One, for

future religious leaders, was at- four years have thus worked in tended by over 200 theological stu- schools for Negroes or Indians; in dentH, young miniHterH, Christian institutions for delinquent boys and Association Hecretaries, student girls; in city social settlements leaders, etc., with such leaders as and the settlements of the Ken- E. Stanley Jones, Bruce Curry, and tucky Mountains; at Ellis Island, Sherwood Eddy. For three days and in similar places. During 1928, they discussed the problems of child feeding and medical work war's challenge to Christianity. were done, and some other relief The other conference brought to- given during the coal strike in the gether about forty editors of re- Barnesboro District of Pennsylligious papers, their problems vania. being those of conscience and the state, our best defense in view of Similar work was begun in Marthe Kellogg Pact, etc. ion, N. C., in November, 1929. Here, in the textile district of the Peace work among our Negro South, the class bitterness and anpopulation is relatively as impor- tagonism could hardly be greater, tant as among the whites, and the while the mill laborers and their American Inter-racial Peace Com- families are living in conditions mittee is the joint effort of the which are destructive to home life, Friends and of representative and child labor is a commonplace. American Negroes to enlist the ac- As a result of the strike against tive support of the colored people long hours and low wages, many and to increase mutual understand- families are destitute, and the Soing between the two races. Organ- cial Service Section of the Federal ized in June, 1928, the Committee Council of Churches has invited the has already done much valuable Service Committee to cooperate work from its headquarters in the with it in much-needed relief work, Service Committee office. Public tbe Friends to administer the readdresses, mass meetings, news re- lief. Food, clothing, and medical leases, and educational work service are to be given for three among colored ministers, teachers, months at least, the hope being that and children are the chief methods a solution of the difficulties may be employed. found during that time.

The chasms of misunderstanding All this Home Service work, between different groups in the whether institutional or of the sosame country are often nearly as called emergency type, will help the wide as those between different nation grow in its ability to solve countries. Also, there is an in- its social problems. The young spiration in service for the sake of people who take part in such work service alone, which comes in no will have gained by experience a other way. For these two reasons, broadening knowledge of the conthe American Friends' Service ditions underlying racial and class Committee encourages young peo- conflicts and other problems affectple to volunteer for a year, or for ing public welfare. Through such a summer vacation, in some form constructive service, the Friends of ill-paid service to their fellow- believe that they are helping to demen in this country. Nearly 200 velop the patriotism of peace and young people in the last three or good will among men.

LIGHT ON THE FIRST MISSION-

ARY FROM AMERICA To THE EDITOR OF THE MISSIONARY John Levering was the first male REVIEW OF THE WORLD:- native born American to go as an BETHLEHEM, PA., Jan. 13, 1930. ordained missionary to foreign lands. In the January issue of THE MIS- SIONARY REVIEW Dr. Otis Cary In 1769, John Antes, born March raises the question as to who was 24, 1740, near Philadelphia, sailed the first missionary to sail from for Cairo, Egypt, where because of America, and comes to the conclu- his missionary activities, he sufsion that this honor belongs to fered the tortures of the bastinado Erasmus Schmidt, who sailed from which made him lame for life..

New York in 1803. The list can be extended indefi- If you are interested in following nitely. All these cited were native the matt~r further, I may report born American missionaries. Many that between 1746 and 1805 no less more, who came to Bethlehem, than seventeen native-born Ameri- Peimsylvania, from various councan Moravian foreign missionaries tries of Europe, were sent forth were sent out from Bethlehem, from the Moravian settlement as Pennsylvania, sailing either from foreign missionaries many years before the American Board or any Philadelphia or New York. other Protestant Mission Board May 18, 1746, George Kaske and was organized. .his wife, Susan Elizabeth Kaske, maiden name Funk, who was born It will be noted that "The Soin Germantown, Pa., November CIety of the United Brethren for 18, 1721, sailed for Berbicein Propagating the Gospel among the Demerara (British Guiana), South Heathen," which is the incorpo- America. To Susan Elizabeth rated missionary society of the Kaske belongs the honor of being Moravian Church in America, was the first native-born (her husband originally organized in 1745, reorwas born in Germany) Protestant ganized in 1787, and chartered by American missionary to foreign the Legislature of Pennsylvania in lands. She went to the mission field 1788, a quarter of a century before sixty-six years before Adoniram the American Board Was chartered Judson and his wife, Ann Hassel- by the Legislature of Massachutine, sailed for India February 19, setts, although the latter is usually styled the first American mission- 1812. ary society. The Moravian "S. P. G." has never had occasion to ap- In October, 1747, Joseph and ply for any amendment to its char- Mary Heap Shaw sailed from Phil- ter granted in 1788, and has been adelphia to work among the negro carrying on missionary work uninslaves on the island of St. Thomas, terruptedly for 142 years. then Danish West Indies. Very sincerely yours, In February, 1759, John and Sarah Bechtel Levering sailed for PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ, Jamaica to work among the negro slaves on that island. Secretary of Moravian Missions.

196

"THE NECESSITY THAT IS LAID UPON US"

BY REV. HUGH THOMSON KERR, D.D.

Pn.stor of the Shadyside Presbyterian Church, PittsburghJ Pa..

SPEAKING at the tenth anni- and finds its way to establish clin- versary of the League of Na- ics and hospitals in cities and vil- tions Union the former Prime lages that still listen to the rythmic Minister of Great Britain, Mr. music of the tom-tom. In all these Stanley Baldwin, who is one of the overflowings of the moral barrier outstanding Christian statesmen of we rejoice and say, "It is well." our generation, in paying tribute Do we feel the same way about to the growing goodwill of the religion? Do we have the same world said: "The moral boun- angle on religion that we have on daries of nations no longer match potatoes and beans and oil and necessarily with their political and tobacco and pickles? We have a physical boundaries." He went on sense of pride that we can export to say that these moral boundaries our goods, our books, our steel, our "overflow and so all forms of in- meat, our fruit, our culture. Do we ternational cooperation are spring- feel the same way about our reing up today in the most unex- ligion? Have we any religion to pected places." An example of export? Perhaps you say we need what he means is the League of all the religion. we can produce Nations Union itself, and also the right here. Yes, and perhaps we Kellogg Pact, which we trust is to need all the education, the culture, be a bond of world-wide goodwill. and medical science right here at The will to peace is not confined home. How did the great apostle, to any frontier. America cannot the first great foreign missionary, be bounded by any physical lines who was an intense nationalist and of latitude or longitude. The ideas one of the sanest men feel about it? and ideals which are born and have He tells us how he felt. He felt their habitation in America do not passionately about it. He felt that ask permission to pass through exporting religion was the greatest any customs house in the world. If business of his life and if he were the seaport is closed the air route here today he would say that autois still open. Trade and commerce mobiles and engines and steel-proddo not wait until diplomats are ucts and the by-products of coal satisfied as to what goods should and aluminum and gymnasiums be bartered. One can find Stand- and colleges and psychology were ard Oil and Virginia tobacco and poor things indeed to send out in Pittsburgh pickles in the heart of comparison with religion. He was China. The passion for education a Jew, a Hebrew of the Hebrews leaps all obstacles and erects its in- and yet he said "Necessity is laid stitutions on the carefully guarded upon me, for woe is unto me if I Bosphorus, on the Mediterranean preach not the Gospel." And then Sea and on the banks of the Nile. he goes on to say, in this same The glory of the medical profes- piece ot passionate eloquence "I sion is that it knows no barriers have a stewardship entrusted to of race, religion, or nationality me and though I was free from all 197

men I brought myself under bond- other so far as that was concerned.

age to all that I might gain the Dr. Jowett, the Master of Balliol, more; and to the Jews I became was once asked by a young inquir- a Jew that I might gain the Jews; ing student what he thought about to the weak I became weak that I God. He replied "That is a very might gain the weak. I am become unimportant question; all that all things to all men that I may by signifies is what God thinks about all means save some." me." There you have in a nut-shell Religion is either everything or all that is really worth-while about it is nothing. It is either first or religion. What you and I think it is nowhere. It is either the best about God, what Edison and Dar- thing in the world or the worst win, Einstein and Clarence Darrow thing in the world, as suggested by and Mencken think about God the Soviet government that holds matters nothing. What the Bud- that religion is the opiate of the dhists and Mohammedans and Hin- people. Paul felt that it was every- dus think about God is of little or thing and so necessity was laid no consequence. What they think, upon him to give his religion uni- is, €lf course, interesting and re- versality. Why did he feel this flects the result of a long search; way? Was ne eccentric? Was he hut the great, all-consuming ques- a fanatic? He was all these and tion of importance is "What does yet he was the sanest and coolest God think of us?" In other words of men who measured his words by has God made himself known? If the sacrifice of his life. Why did not-then we are still feeling out he feel this way? after Him if haply we may find 1. The Necessity of a Priceless Him. We do not know.

Possession. He felt this way be- But Paul knew. He was sure.

cause he looked upon his religion He knew that God had made it as something unique and priceless. known in certain stupendous acts He had something other people did such as the birth of Jesus Christ, not have, and he was restless to His sinless life and conscience-com- share it with them. He knew some- pelling teaching, His death on the thing they did not know and he cross and His resurrection in living was impatient to tell them. His power. It may be interesting to soul burned within him like fire. know what others think about God He could not keep it. It was better but it is vital to know what God than gems or gold. He knew a thinks about us. In other words, secret about God. All over the we do not hunger for the result of world men talked about God but man's discovery; we crave God's were not sure. They argued and revelation and unless God tells us debated. They erected altars and about himself we must, like all the offered sacrifices. They differed as generations before us, lose our way to whether it was on that mountain in darkness and silence. Paul knew or on this that God should be wor- what God thought about man and shipped. They disagreed as to his so he wished to share with all men name and as to his nature. He was this priceless treasure. This was not concerned about diffusing the the Gospel and it was this inspir- ideas which men had ditlcovered ing motive which sent him over for themselves about God. One sea and land proclaiming the evan- man's opinion was as good as an- gel of Jesus. This was the neces-

sity that lay upon the soul of this heart was made for God and is great missionary pioneer. restless till it finds its rest in Him.

II. The Necessity of Unsatisfied My faith burns low, my hope burns Need. Then, too, the hunger of the world was there. He could not get low Only my heart's desire cries out in away from that. Peopie every- me.

where wanted to know. People By the deep thunder of its want and woe were feeling out after God. In the Cries out to Thee. streets of Athens Paul found an altar to the Unknown God. He III. The Necessity of Unparallel never got that altar out of his mind. He could not get away from Success. Paul had tasted success. He that eloquent appeal. It was a was not a raw recruit. He was not revelation of a religious hunger being commissioned for foreign that found no satisfaction in all the philosophers' search after God. mission service for the first time. It is still true. The world is everywhere filled with altars where we This is not his inauguration adburn incense. to the gods we cannot name. There are innumerable dress;' this is his mature convicaltars burning a strange fire in America. A trip to the Orient or tion. He had had twenty years of in America will make your heart bleed, if you have a heart, when the Christian life when these words you see the empty rituals and the were written. He had had ten years at least of aggressive misheart hunger of the millions. sionary service. He was not home Throughout the world that need even on his first furlough. He had is becoming eloquent. We read been over the ground. He had that the progressive, modern, little tramped the hills of Asia Minor and traversed the high seas. He republic of Uruguay down in South knew the difficulties and could have outlined those difficulties better America, feeling out after some- than any of his critics. He had sufthing to satisfy, is burning incense fered for his faith. He had been stoned and shipwrecked and imupon the altar of secularism. Holy prisoned and laughed at in the Week has been changed to Touring college circles in Athens but he had seen enough, he had tasted the Week. Sunday is a holiday and fruit of victory, he had seen the Gospel at work. He had first hand Christmas has become "Family evidence and knowing everything Day." And the hungry sheep look he was impatient to be up and out up and are not fed. Man cannot and at his work of evangelism.

live by bread alone and if the soul Again and again he draws a con- is starved there is tragedy. Paul trast in his letters between what knew the need of the heart of the men were before the Gospel came world. Do we know it? And are to them and what they became we blind enough to think that the afterwards, a sort of "Before and peoples of the lands beyond and After" photograph. Here is one of our own land are going to be of his photographs. He draws this satisfied with victrolas and auto- striking parallel: "Be not de- mobiles and radios and electric ceived; neither fornicators nor lights and frigidaire? It is still adulterers nor idolators nor ef- true, as it has ever been, that the fiminate, nor thieves, nor covetous,

nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor message of Christ were brought to extortioners, nor such like shall Korea did the women find theminherit the kingdom of God. And selves to have intrinsic values." such were some of you." That is one photograph. Here is the other: Success and victory and triumph lay necessity uppn us to preach the "But ye were washed, but ye Gospel for it is still the power of were sanctified, but ye were justi- God unto salvation. Still as of old fied in the name of the Lord Jesus we sing Christ and in the Spirit of our God." Far, far away, like bells at evening pealing, These contrasts are multiplied since those far-away days. Every The voice of Jesus sounds o'er photograph of a mission school is land and sea; eloquent in such contrast. Every mission station, every Christian And laden souls, by thousands meekhome, every little Christian child ly stealing, in China, in Japan, in India presents just such a picture. There Kind Shepherd, turn their weary rises before 'my vision a picture of steps to Thee. the Christian families over against the pagan life of the Orient. I can IV. The Neces8ity of the Preserclose my eyes and see in a little 'vation of Personality. There re- Japanese Church father and moth- mains this to be said: Paul could er and three Japanese girls all not side-step this necessity without dressed in spotless garments, hymn peril to his soul. There is such a book in hand, the light of God in thing as the disintegration of pertheir faces, singing of the Christ sonality. I think it was this of who threw open the gate of new which Paul was afraid. Having the life to them. truth, knowing the truth, seeing the need, if he refused the call Among all the discussions that there was for him no longer any took place at the Jerusalem Mis- haven of salvation, of honor, of sionary Conference the one dealing duty, of truth. I think this was with what Christ has done for what he was thinking of when he women a:pd children interested me said "Woe is me if I preach not most. In one such discussion group the Gospel. Necessity is laid upon three women spoke, one for China, me." To save himself he must go one for Japan, and one for Korea. forth and fulfill his obligation. It Speaking for China Miss Tseng was by coming back from his long said "China is in her present state flight into the wilderness and facbecause we have neglected our ing Jezebel that Elijah won his women so long. No nation can rise right to have his soul. It was by above its women. Christ has given his return from his experience out women life, soul, and the way to in the sea to face the duty that come to God." Speaking for Japan called him to Nineveh that Jonah Mrs. Kubushiro said: "In Japan was saved from moral disaster. It no religion, native or imported- is by losing our life that we save except Christianity- has ever it. The army that goes into winter given women the place of a per- quarters is beaten when spring son." Speaking for Korea, Miss comes. The Church that draws its Kim said "Only when the life and robes of ritual about it is dead. The Christian who, knowing Christ and His power to meet the world's needs, folds his hands is more

OUR SPIRITUAL INCOME

than a traitor. To save himself, for the Gospel's sake in order to to keep from disintegration, to secure my own share in it. I thereavoid being lost Paul could not fore so run as not uncertainly, so escape the necessity that was laid fight I not as one that beateth the upon him. He would lose his soul air but I beat and buffet my body if he did not move out in the path -my selfish self-lest by any of duty. He would slip from his means after I have preached to high place of being a Christian other people I myself should be a personality and become mere drift- cast-away." Think of the tragedy "I myself a cast-away," the Gospel wood. He would become like Judas, going on and on and on to victory a traitor, whose only destiny was to go out alone into the night. and "I myself a cast-away." The moment the Church turns its back This is his argument and this is upon the missionary enterprise that very moment darkness covers what he meant. And if you will the earth, and that moment too, follow through his words you will the Church.

see how passionately the necessity burned in his soul. "I do all things OUR SPIRITUAL INCOME BY M. A. McWILLIAMS 1 N ARTICLE in the January Oh, the depth of the riches both of I l . number of the MISSIONARY the wisdom and knowledge of God! Rom. 11: 33. REVIEW* speaks of "living beyond our spiritual income" and The riches of his grace wherein he of the "apparent spiritual poverty abounded toward us in all wisdom and of the American churches." It prudence. Eph. 1: 7-8. might be well to point out the rich stores at our disposal. Preach the unsearchable riches of Christ. Eph. 3: 8. An income is the gain derived or our revenue from any effort or in- My God shall supply all your need vestment. "Our spiritual income," according to his riches in glory by then, is the gain which we derive Christ Jesus. Phil. 4: 19. from our service for the Lord; the revenue which we receive from the To whom God shall make known abundant nches to which we are what is the riches of the glory of the heir through Christ. mystery among the Gentiles, which is Christ in you, the hope of glory. Col. What saith the Scripture about 1: 27. them? That their hearts might be com- I will give thee hidden riches of forted, being knit together in love, and secret places, that thou mayest know unto all riches of the full assurance of that I, the Lord, which call thee by understanding, to the acknowledgment thy name, am the God of Israel. Isa. of the mystery of God, and of the Fa- 45: 3. ther, and of Christ; in whom are hid all the treasures of wisdom and knowl- Who will commit to your trust the edge. Col. 2: 2-3. true riches. Luke 16: 11 I.e. Surely there is an abundance of That he might make known the riches laid up for those who believe riches of his glory: Rom. 9: 23. in Christ. There is no need to lack spiritual income if we draw on the • By the Rev. Prot. D. J. Fleming. resources provided for us. Why,

then, should there be any "spiritual we can do nothing," and when we poverty" among those who profess not only keep in close contact with the name of Christ and who form Jesus but actually "abide in Him,"

the churches of America? then we shall have a spiritual in- May it not be pertinent to ask come ample for all our needs and ourselves whether the lack of spir- that love for others such as Christ itual income is due to self-pride had for us. "Greater love hath no which prevents our accepting the man than this, that a man lay riches provided by the Father down his life for his friends. Ye through Jesus? Unlike the prodi- are my friends if ye do whatsoever gal son who insisted on having his I command you." John 15: 13-14.

wealth and spending it in riotous It is because some love their fel- living in a far country, we do not lowmen in accordance with the ask our Father for that sustenance command of Christ to "love one which is our due as a child of His. another as I have loved you" that We nibble dry and sometimes they go out to preach, to teach, to mouldy crusts which we have nurse, to give medical attention to stored up from some spiritual feast those who know not the Saviour.

which we once attended, rather Such self-sacrificing love as this than accept our daily spiritual had Carey, Judson, Livingstone, bread from God's Word, the mes- and those who today are bringing sages given us through His serv- others to the Lord. When we think vants and through experience. Why more of the "treasures laid up in do we starve our souls in sight of heaven" than "those on earth" and the table provided us daily by the would rather "abide in Christ"

Lord? than "spend off-time at a night Then, too, as the loaves and club," then we shall have an abun- fishes multiplied in the hands of dant spiritual income and our Christ and fed a multitude, so His American churches will have spir- riches multiply as we share them itual riches beyond estimation.

with others. It is as we serve the Shall we not avail ourselves of the Lord in the home and foreign mis- resources laid up for us by the sion fields, telling others of all He Lord in such rich abundance?

has done for us and of all that He Perhaps if we more fully real- will do for them that we gain in- ized the poverty of our .own re- estimable blessings. The gain sources, we would more eagerly which we derive from service seek to avail ourselves of the riches should so increase our spiritual in- which God so amply provides for come that it will overflow to all His children. When we actually with whom we come in contact. realize that we are sinners who The difference between spirit- need a Saviour, and have had the ually minded missionary workers joyous satisfaction of knowing and those who do not have a Jesus as our personal Saviour and "warm, vital Christ life which they Elder Brother, then we shall have are eager to share" is just that the that boundless enthusiasm in soul- former "have been with Christ," winning which characterized Paul, while the latter are trying to Jive Mary Slessor, John G. Paton, and on their own resources. When we countless others who gave them- throwaway self-pride and are will- selves to the serviCe of the Lord in ing to confess that "without Christ the harvest fields of the world.

Of THE

Moving Letter from a Veteran SIONARY REVIEW has been sent with- Missionary out charge, lead us to renew the in- vitation to our subscribers to send OUR readers will understand how extra checks in order that the REVIEW deeply we are moved by the fol- can continue this blessed ministry' to lowing letter from one of the Lord's chosen ones in India: devoted missionaries both at home and abroad who cannot afford to pay for it It is forty-seven years today since my themselves. The cost of publishing the magazine is considerable and the subfirst landing in Calcutta as a missionary scription price ($2.50) is kept so low that we cannot afford to send free from Australia, and it must be quite copies unless they are covered by speforty years since I began taking the RE- cial gifts. Will not some of those who read these Jines deem it a privilege to VIEW. For many years I paid for it, and mail us checks at once? If a donor has a particular missionary in mind, at two periods it was kindly sent gratis please give name and address. Otherto me. It has always been a great help wise, we will gladly select a worthy and educator.' I can see how the REVIEW recipient.

has given me knowledge and interest in Atlantic City Conferences many countries and missions that I THE annual meetings of four inter- denominational missionary confershould not have known otherwise and do ences were held in Atlantic City in thank you very heartily and sincerely for January. The Home Missions Coun- cil and the Council of Women for this broadening of sympathy and fellow- Home Missions were held simultane- ously, January 8-11. Most of the sesship amid the isolation of work in "back sions were held separately, but there blocks" of crowded Bengal. was a joint session on the closing day. The Federation of Woman's Boards of This year has seen me disabled from Foreign Missions met January 11-14, active service; i. e., direct evangelism in and the Foreign Missions Conference of North America, January 14-17. All the villages. Although my faulty heart these conferences were largely atprevents much physical movement, I am tended. The Home Missions Council enrolled nearly 100 delegates represtill able to keep accounts, correspond, senting 24 denominations in the etc. I am hoping to be relieved by an United States, and the Foreign Mis- sions Conference 236 delegates repreefficient Bengali worker early in the New senting 65 boards and societies in the United States and Canada. A conyear, and shall then probably be booked ~iuerable numbe!' of missionaries and for Heaven or Australia, as heat and hills are now equally im{lossible to me. Probably early March will see me leave my beloved people and work, but it is quite all right as He loves them more than I do. I see more the necessity of prayer, and praise God for His great goodness, wonderful enabling, and the best life on earth (i. e., the missionary one).

The last few years small allowance and increasing cost of living have prevented my paying for any magazines, but your REVIEW and one or two Australian papers have been continued by unknown friends. for which I am exceedingly grateful, and want to thank you more than tongue can tell. May God bless you abundantly. Please accept my very loving farewell.

I shall certainly try to get subscribers for you in Australia if it is God's will for me to work there.

Y OUl'S heal'tily, representatives of allied organizations Such a letter, and many other ap- were welcomed as corresponding mem- preciative messages from devoted bers at all of the conferences, 146 at Christian workers to whom THE MIS- the Foreign Missions Conference 203

alone. The programs were full, able created fomulate common policies and addnsses were delivered, and there was free discussion of a wide range of face missionary problems in the large topics. and as they affect not merely separate The question has sometimes been raised whether these conferences denominations but the Church as a justify the expense which they involve. Travelling expenses and hotel whole. From this viewpoint, we bebills make the annual cost quite an item to boards and societies that send lieve that there is general agreement their full quotas of delegates. In addition to the expenses of the annual that these conferences are abundantly conferences referred to above, there are the budgets of their standing com- worth all they cost, and that no one mittees. For example, the annual budget of the Committee of Reference and would seriously think of abandoning Counsel of the Foreign Missions Conference is $78,486, of the Home Mis- them, although some are of the opinion sions Council $19,052, and of the International Missionary Council, $40,- that they might wisely be held bien- 000. Moreover, delegates who have attended these conferences for many nially instead of annually. The nuyears seldom hear anything new. Almost every conceivable subject has merous interdenominational conferbeen discussed many times, and the addresses are heard by experts who ences and committees that the modern really do not need them, however much they may enjoy them. Christian worker is expected to attend These criticisms, however, although often make heavy demands upon time undoubtedly just, fail to take into account that the chief value of such con- and, in the aggregate, involve considerferences dOEs not lie in addresses or resolutions, but in fellowship, in mu- able expenditure of money. But if we tual understanding, in fostering the spirit of unity and cooperation. They rightly value unity and cooperation in mean that the missionary enterprise has definitely passed out of the period the extension of the cause of Christ when each board, like the man referred to in the book of Judges, "did that and the effective application of His which was right in his own eyes," without regard to the work of other teachings to the problems of the moddenominations and with resultant overlapping, failure to use men and ern world, we should be willing to pay money to good advantage, unwise variations of policies in the same the price. A. J. B. fields, and the perpetuation of denominational spirit. Visit of General Smuts It is an enormous advantage to THE recent visit of this great statesboard officers and members who, dur- man from South Africa was a noting the year, have been thinking de- able event. It was the general opinion nominationally and planning and con- at the Peace Conference in Paris, ducting denominational wOl'k, to meet after the World War, that the three with the officers of many other boards, statesmen present who took the wisest take counsel with them, pray with and largest view of existing and prothem, and in the atmosphere thus spective problems and whose counsel, if followed, would have been of highest value to the world, were President Wilson of the United States, Prime Minister Venizelos of Greece, and Gen- eral Smuts of South Africa.

During the decade that has followed the War, General Smuts has been one of the most eloquent advocates of the League of Nations. He came to America in response to the invitation of the League of Nations Associations and several other peace organizations. He was received with distinguished honors. Crowded audiences assembled to hear him every place that he spoke. President Hoover entertained him at the White House, and both house~ of Congress took a recess to greet him. He frankly stated that he had not come to America to persuade the

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

United States to enter the League of Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover; four Secretaries of State – Root, HugheB, Nations as he felt that this waS a ques- Kellogg and StimRon; former Attion which Americans must decide for torney General George Wickersham, themselves. But he eloquently set and hundred;; of other eminent men in forth the character and achievements of the League during the ten years of both political parties have urged adits existence and recorded his full herence to the Court. The objections faith in it as an indispensable agency that were originally pressed in the United States Senate have been met for settling international disputes. by the agreement of other govern- Many Americans keenly feel that, ments to the amendments proposed by former Senator Elihu Root, and there when representatives of over fifty nations of the earth meet around the council table in Geneva to consider is general agreement that there is now how the cause of peace may be pro- no valid reason why the United States moted, the United States, the largest should not immediately give its conand most powerful nation in the world currence. President Hoover has alwhich ought to be an influential factor ready authorized the signature of our in the League, stands aloof in the com- Government to the Protocol, and nothpany of Russia and Turkey. The ex- ing now remains but the consent of the Senate. A majority of the senators perience of the decade has conclusively are known to be ready to vote for it. proved that. the fear that the League At this writing the President has not would interfere with national govern- yet submitted it to that body, Some ments and circumscribe their liberties has no foundation whatever. The New conjecture that he is waiting for the York Times of January 12 truly said tariff bill to be gotten out of the way, that instead of being a dangerous others that he fears the possible effect sup~r-state, in a:ctuality it has been of an inevitable senatorial discussion found to be a servant of all the na- on the Disarmament Conference that tions. It is at least some consolation is now in session in London. Whatto know that while the United States ever the reason, his whole-hearted in- remains outside of the League, it is terest in the Court is well known and cooperating with many of the League's the issue is not really in doubt.

commissions. The critics of the A. J. B.

League have now abandoned prac- Filipino Independence tically all of their original contentions and are contenting themselves with THE moot question of Filipino insaying that "the League is a splendid dependence is up again. It has been thing for Europe but that it would up sporadically for many years. Prom- inent Filipinos have been steadily adnever do for America." To which The vocating it, but while there have been New York Times replies that "with the individual members of Congress who whole movement of thought and trade and education and statesmanship mak- have sympathized with them, there ing more powerfully every day toward have ·not been enough to give the prothe idea of an inevitable solidarity of posal prospect of early success. There is, indeed, practically unanimous pubinterest between the United States lic sentiment in America that the and Europe, it becomes increasingly Filipinos should ultimately become in- dependent. Both of the great political difficult to argue with a straight face parties are committed to this. But when? Aye, there's the rub. Are the that what has turned out to be a bless- Filipinos fitted for independence, or ing for European nations would be a curse for us." A. J. B.

The WorId Court are they likely to be in the near fu- ture? They emphatically say yes.

HOWEVER, the next step for Amer- Much of this feeling is doubtless due ica is entrance to the World Court to the quite natural desire of any peoat the Hague. Three Presidents- ple to be independent of foreign con-

trol. It is equally natural that ambi- missionaries and non-missionaries tious Filipinos should think of the alike, the latter, in several instances, office~ that they would hold in an inde- being in the majority. Some of the missionaries declared that they did pendent government. Many of the common people, however, are reported not want to be protected by an armed to be influenced by the belief that, if force, and that they would rather take they were free from America, they their chances without it. In one case, would have lower taxes with continued a group of missionaries sent a protest prosperity. to this effect to the State Department in Washington; but the Department In Washington, the dominant con- viction has been that the Filipinos are replied in effect that the Government not yet ready for self-government and could not abdicate its responsibility to deal with American citizens as such, that it is the duty of America to con- tinue to hold them until they are irrespective of their occupation, and farther advanced. Now, however, the that it must act on its own information movement for immediate independence and judgment as to the measures that has received strong reenforcement in should be adopted. Well informed gov- ernment officials do not complain about Congress and that for a rather selfish reason. Under the present arrange- missionaries as a class, though they ment, sugar, tobacco, hemp and other sometimes object to the indiscretion products of' the Archipelago are ad- of a particular individual. Suppose mitted to the United States free of the missionary does occasionally need duty, so that America is the principal protection; he is a citizen, and what market for Filipino exports. This kind of a government is it which re- fuses to protect its citizens in their means that Filipino sugar comes into competition with the beet sugar grow- lawful undertakings? Noone ques- ers in the United States, and their tions the right of a trader, however representatives are advocating Fili- dissolute, to go wherever he pleases pino independence because America and be defended by his country in case can then impose a protective tariff of danger. Has not a missionary an that will restrict, if not altogether equal right to the benefits of his flag?

close, the American market for Fili- Scores of ministers and consuls have pino sugar! The disastrous effect of testified to the wisdom, peaceful influ- inde-pendence upon economic conditions ence, and beneficent work of mission- in the Philippines will readily be seen. aries. If any reader of these pages Whether the present Congress will desires further evidence, let him write take action is unknown at this writing, to the American Ambassador or Min- but it is undoubtedly true that the ister to any country that he has in movement for independence is receiv- mind. It is of course true that the ing powerful support. A. J. B. presence of any Americans in a for- Do Missionaries Make Trouble eign country sometimes occasions for Their Governments? problems, but on the testimony of Recent events in China have revived many government officials, missionthe old criticism that missionaries make trouble for their governments aries have caused fewer and less seriand demand the protection of gunboats. The fact is that the gunboats ous troubles than other resident Amerwere sent by government officials on their own initiative for the rescue of icans. The Hon. John Barrett, former their nationals as American citizens, American Minister to Siam, said that a hundred and fifty missionaries gave him less trouble in five years than fif- teen business men gave him in five months. A. J. B.

~~ETHODS fOR

EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions BRINGING STUDENTS UP-TO- the culture of the old Indians. The DATE ON AMERICAN INDIANS second period makes inquiry concern- By MISS HELEN M. BRICKMAN ing the life and present problems of Indian students, their vocational needs Director, Religious Work for Indian and future place in society. The last Schools period is given to findings and discus- A new interest is awakening in the sion of what may be done by those present-day problems of the American wishing a deeper fellowship with In- Indians. During the last year an un- dian youth. usual amount of information and misinformation about them has crept into Since there is little available matemagazines and newspapers, and people rial regarding the latest developments are asking new questions. For ex- in the Indian situation-some inforample, "What really are the Indians mation is quoted in order to stimulate like today? Are the Indians standing investigation. A bibliography is also still during these days of rapid given. The material should be gone changes? Or are they, too, facing a over with the group in advance letting new and different world ?"-Indian individuals choose topics to investigate and to bring back for discussion.

students are asking questions, too. "How can the white people understand FIRST PERIOD us more? How can we be more broth- Why a.n Indian Problem1 erly and sisterly with white people?" Begin by asking each individual to they inquire. write the first five or six words which The following suggestions for use come to her mind at the mention of the with college and young people's groups word "Indian." Have these put on the are made in order to bring about an blackboard. Such words as scalps, understanding of the difficulties Indian massacres, paint, feathers, wigwams, girls of today are facing, and to pro- solemn, dirty, lazy are generally on the mote a neighborly spirit toward them. list. Throughout the study keep these So much has been written about "the in front of the class for reference, test- Indian problem" that white students ing constantly as to accuracy. Any consider it trite and are generally in- one of them will serve to introduce a different to it. Yet today a new and discussion of the treatment received by thrilling chapter is being written in the Indians at the hands of our early the history of the race-something no settlers. The leader may call upon in- student can afford to miss! !-for con- dividuals to present the following ditions have changed almost overnight. points of view.

The discussion method is used in 1. "The official seal of the State of this study which aims to provide ma- Florida pictures the Indian standing terial for at least three group meet- on the beach with outstretched hands ings. The first period aims to test the inviting the whites to share the land attitudes of the group, to recall the with him." (Red Man in the United early life of the race and to touch on States.) 207

"This country was ours before it SECOND PERIOD was yours" replied one Indian student In tile Wllite Ma.llS' Land when mlked why so many Indians volunteered during the World War. (Lake "For 2,000 years your ancestors have Mohonk conference.) been gradually building this world of today. In one generation the Indian "The complaint came not because of girl is plunged suddenly into this bedislike between white and red but be- wildering new world." (Indian pamcause the red man wished land for buf- phlet-Y. W. C. A.) falo ranges and hunting grounds. The Is the Indian girl getting the same white man desired farms and pasture chance at education that you are? for his cows." (Lake Mohonk confer- "Thirty thousand Indian boys and ence.) girls silently and wonderingly have left Imagine arguments in this contro- their mountain and desert homes and versy which wouLd be presented by In- traveled far to the big boarding schools dians and whites if bringing the case of the white man. School life is com- today, before the World Court. (The plex and puzzling after the simple entire period may be used for this if reservation life. They are bewildered taken seriously.) by the close companionship with hun- 2. "The belief became general in the dreds of other Indian girls and boys, early days that the solution of the the regularity and punctuality of habproblem arising 'between the white and its, new clothing, different food, a red races lay in keeping them as far strange language, unfamiliar tasks in the school, kitchen, dining room, printapart as possible." (Red Man in the ing shop, or laundry." (After School United States.) -What?-Council of Women for Home Missions, Home Missions Coun- "In order to keep the Indians docile cil.) and peaceable, clothing, food, and other necessities of life were doled out by List five changes that going away the government." (Red Man in the to school brought into your life. Do United States.) the same for the Indian girl attending a government boarding school. Do the segregation and ration policies referred to above help account for Consider the following questions any of your ideas about the Indians, asked by Indian students in boarding such as "[azy" or "dirty"? (see black- schools.

board) "How can we have good times with "Every man is as lazy as he dare to boys and still be doing the right be." (Lake Mohonk Conference.) thing?"-"Does God help anyone when Do you do more work than is neces- he prays for help?"-"What would sary "to get by" in your classes-in you do if you went to church and you your work? would not be thinking about church but had your mind on something else?" 3. "Some Indians proud of their -"What does the Bible mean, does it race and culture have no desire to be help anyone or not?"-"How can we as the white man is." (Red Man in make ourselves so that wherever we the United States.) By way of con- go we can get along with other people trast-"Whether they wish it or not especially in school?" Indian young people are losing their sense of tribal life and are becoming How do these differ from questions a real part of the city and town com- you discuss with your school friends? munities." (Social Heritage of the In- "After schooI-what-the old or the new? Back to the known, the tepee or dian Girl.) hogan, dancing ceremonies, idly sit- If you were an Indian student would ting around day by day? Or on to the you wish to give up the culture of your untried; to neat, attractive homes; to race and become like the white man? regular work for which one is trained;

19301 METHODS FOR WORKERS

to responsible and dependable citizen- such as will help the Indians to help ship and the chance of worshipping a themselves 7 God of love?" (After School-What?) List 4 or 5 ways that the Christian "Can an Indian [J1"Q.dnate earn a liv- Church has expressed it.s fellowship ing among white peuple?" a8kcd 01lB for this race.

boy. Should Indian students ret urn to the "An Indian girl serving efficiently reservations after school or go into as a stenographer failed to appear at towns and cities mingling with the the office one morning. She sent no whites? word. It was discovered that she went home because her grandmother was ill. How should Indian students fit "But why," asked her white friend, themselves for the life you suggest?

"did you not tell your employer?" How Your Students Can Help "Why should 17" puzzled the Indian girl. "I knew my grandmother first. List ways in which interested white She is dearer to me than he." students may help. The following are suggestive only. Would you employ an Indian in your home, hospital, office or school? "In- Get acquainted with Indian students dian boys and girls are flocking into whether on your campus or through towns and cities. Often their back- correspondence. Find out about Inground and experience do not produce dians in your town or city-conditions as skilled workers as found in their of living, work, church attendance. white brothers. If they find work it (Send data to Miss Helen Brickman, is with salary so low as scarcely to 105 East 22d Street, New York City.) sustain life. They can live only in the most squalid parts of the city. Interest other groups in the study you have just made.

There is no opportunity for healthy Find out about the Indian work of recreation and separated from fam- your Mission Board, Y. W. C. A., in- ili€s and friends they have no social terdenominational work in government ties to hold them steady. Many are boarding schools.

members of churches but an innate Help through financial gifts. They reticence keeps them from introducing are greatly needed.

themselves to white churches. Being (Suggestions and information may naturally religious this lack.of church be obtained from the Council of Womlife brings about an undermining of en for Home Missions and Home Mischaracter with all its resultant unso- sions Council, 105 East 22nd Street, cial behavior." New York City.) List aU the ways in which white students might help the Indians in ad- Useful Books justing to these new conditions. The Red Man in the United States.

THIRD PERIOD -G. E. E. Lindquist-Doubleday Do- ran & Co., Garden City, N. Y.-An in- What Has Been Done timate study of the social, economic Use blackboard to list your findings. and religious life of the American In- The leader may begin by writing New dian.

Information and Ideas gained about The Problem of Indian Administra- the Indians. Questions such as the tion.-Institute for Government Re- following will sharpen the discussion. search, Washington, D. C.-The report What have you learned about the of a recent survey containing the most early problems of the Indians that up-to-date and exhaustive material obmakes you more sympathetic with their tainable. (See pamphlets.) present situation? Good News Across the Continent.- Is the present educational program Mary Jenness-Friendship Press, New 4

York City-Leader's Manual for Pio- HOW SOME PASTORS DID IT* neers of Goodwill, by Harold Hunting; has a chapter on the American Indiall, (A SYMPOSIUM) listing sources and projects. So has Meet Your United States, by Mary Conducting n. Church School of Jenness, a leader's manual for a course in home missions. Missions The American Indian.-Paul Radin, By REV. R. E. EMMERT Boni & Liveright, New York, N. Y. Pastor, Elkhart Chri8tian Church Book of Indian Crafts and Indian Lore.-Julian H. Salomon-Harper & Nothing is more pertinent to the Bros., New York City. promotion of righteousness in the world than the missionary enterprise The Indians' Book.-Natalie Curtis of the church. The church has done a -Harper & Bros., New York City.- mighty work in saving men and women An offering by American Indians of by the outreach of the missionary in- Indian Lore, musical and narrative. terest. A greater work is yet to be ac- complished, and more church folk must Story of the Red Man.-Mrs. Flora be definitely interested in the study of Warren Seymour-Longmans, Green missions. The best way to interest & Co., New York City. A very read- more church folk in the mission cause able book which has a wealth of gen- is to have a church school of missions. eral information. One of the major reasons why some church people are not supporting mis- Pamphlets sions is because they are uninformed relative to the importance of missions Write to the Department of Interior, in the life of the church. Bureau of Indian Affairs, Washington, D. C., for Government Bulletins. The In conducting a school of this kind, following are helpful. the following plan may be followed with profit: The Social Heritage of the Indian Girl. First, a worship period. The open- ing exercises, to be of any permanent A Bibliography of Indian Stories for value to those taking the course of Young People, Bulletin 1929, No. 13. study, must be distinctly devotional and missionary in spirit. From twen- Education of the Indians, Bulletin ty to thirty minutes should be given to No.9. this part of the service. This part of the program must be adaptable to the Indian Missions of the United States, various ages in school. The responsi- Bulletin 1928, No.8. bility of conducting the devotional service can be carried on by different Indian Home Life~The Past-The members of the school. Present, Bulletin 1927, No. 22. Second, a period of instruction. Fol- Indian Art and Industries, Bulletin lowing the worship period the school 1927, No.4. should assemble in different classes for instruction. These classes are The Problem of Indian Administra- formed according to the ages of those tion-Institute for Government Re- taking the course. Those who are search-Washington, D. C.-Summary chosen to teach must be definitely inof findings and recommendations. terested in missions, and a compre- hensive view of the subject is no small Nineteen Hundred Twenty-nine Re- part of their preparation. Specific and port of Lake Mohonk Conference.- definite preparation is also essential Mr. Henry G. Miner, Lake Mohonk, to good teaching of the mission N. Y. Publications of Indian Depart- thought. 'Fully thirty minutes should ment-National Board, Y. W. C. A.- be given to the study of missions. 600 Lexington Avenue, New York City. *From the Herald of Gospel I.iherty. Indian material-Council of Women for Home Missions-Home Missions Council.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

'I'HIS SPLENDID DISPLAY WAS PREPAHJiJD BY RF.V. H. S. HAHDCASTLE, PASTOR 'J'IlE SUFFOLK, VA., CHRISTIAN CHUllCH, AND WAS USED EXTENSIVELY DOllING THE :-JISHIOXARY EDUCATIONAL PEHIOD Third, a closing period. In the clos- The Missionary Education Movement, ing exercise the different classes reas- the Council of Women for Home Missemble for the closing part of the pro- sions, and the Central Committee on gram. This part of the program can the United Study of Foreign Missions be made very impressive by emphasiz- have prepared these studies in both ing each time the importance of the home and foreign work and adapted course in the life of the church and them to the different grades. the value of a broader vision of the mission cause. It might be that some one would ask, "How could you get started in this Elkh.art, Indiana, work with opposition against missions and more especiaUy against dropping A Plan for Mission Study the regular lessons of the Sunday- school period?" In answer to this, I By REV. H, H. SHORT wish to say that you will almost have to have a working staff of teachers and Pastor, Hagerstown Christian Church offkers meeting regularly in council whose business it has been, and will We believe that everything that is continue to be, to decide on all matters to be studied in a way to make it pos- pertaining to the work of the school. sible for every person who should be A pastor or superintendent who is ininterested to know of the matter, terested in missions can then easily should be presented in the church's get things done if he can convince the department of education. group that the matter in mind is alto- gether worth while, Missions is a subject of interest to aU Christians, and those who are pre- In this matter of mission study I paring for Christian living should be know whereof I speak. In our local instructed in the work of missions. church we have been conducting a mis-, With this thought in mind, we would sion school for the past five year.s, seek to have missions taught in the Many questions were raised; amopg . Sunday-school. Lesson material is others, the matter of attendance.dur-. now prepared for every grade of pupil from the primary to the adult classes,

ing such a six-weeks' period. With but a music leader and pianist. Stress the one exception our attendance has been fine opportunity for detinite Christian better during the mission study period service involved in every task, and than during any other Rix weeks' peri- don't take no fo), an answed The folkR od of the year. are willing to serve when they think the work worth while. Plan the school The kind of place of meeting will with sessions of just one hour, for six have something to do with the plan- mid-week services during the home ning of the work. Our first mission and foreign mission periods of your study was put on in a two-room build- church program. Begin announcing ing. In this case, instead of having the mission school and making perthe regular classes, we divided the sonal solicitation for enrollments three work as follows; Two classes in the weeks before the school opens. main auditorium-young people and adults, and the primary and juniors in Be prepared! Be prompt! Be peppy! one group in the other room. The lat- And the job is done. ter group received its mission instruction during the story period and in "There is no excellence without story form, using picture stories in great labor." some cases. In the young people's and adult cass~s the best teachers for the A school of missions is worth all it lecture method of teaching were se- costs and more. Try it and see! I lected as teachers with permission to speak from the happy experience of call any help for the presentation of the past six years in small churches. any phase of the work. This plan in all cases worked out splendidly. South S%n, Ohio.

Hager,~town, Indiana. How I Conduct Missionary Training How I Conduct a Mission School in a Rural Church By REV. D. G. PLEASANT By REV. J. T. BROOKS Pastor, South Solon Christian Church Pastor, Bethel Christian ChUl'ch Squeers said; "The best way to There may be differences of opinion learn a word is to do it." The best way as to how to conduct a mission school. to conduct a mission school is to con- A mission school to me and my church duct it. Every going church can have a is the one conducted that brings remission school if it wants it. The best sults. plans and methods must be adapted to local church and community situations. In the first place, a missionary spirit No better plans have been suggested must be created; and second, that than those of our own Mission Depart- spirit must be maintained throughout ment. Take the mission education the year if results are to be had. leaders of your church into your confidence and sell your plan to them. Of course, there must be a plan and Counsel with them in the selection of that plan must be the plan that will textbooks and other needed literature work and bring results. Different for at least three classes-children, plans may work in different places. young people, and adult. In confer- Some churches put on a six-weeks' proence with your leaders, carefully select gram each year. Assemble for eats your three best people for teachers- and a half-hour social, then assemble consecrated public school-teachers pre- for class work. This is mighty fine if ferred-and furnish each with a sub- it works in your community and restitute teacher; select a good, live sults follow; but if this is not followed executive for director, one of your up with a continuous program throughyoung people for general secretary, out the year, you haven't accomplished very much. The period is too short.

To accomplish a purpose we must be continually at it. First, every church should have a living missionary society with a competent leader for president,

carrying out the prepared program Solo-"I Know Whom I Have Beeach month. This Bethel has. Second, lieved." we have two mission cIasses,-a primary and a junior. Each class meets every Anxiety. two weeks, making a class every Sun- I say unto you, that likewise JOY day. These classes are taught by a deeply spiritual missionary teacher, shall be in heaven over one sinner one that sincerely believes in missions. that repenteth, more than over nine- These classes meet during the church ty and nine just persons which need hour. Third, six weeks before the gen- no repentance. Luke 15: 7. eral offering for home and foreign missions we put on a ten- to fifteen- Song-"Rescue the Perishing, minute program just before the church Care for the Dying." service. Literature is furnished by the home and foreign secretaries. These Gladness programs are very interesting. These things I have spoken unto These have been our plans for sev- you, that my joy might remain in eral years. They have grown into us you, and that your joy might be full. and we have grown into them; they John 15: 11. have become a habit. Song-"Come Ye That Love the Farmer City, Illinois. Lord."

MUSIC METHODS Enthusiasm And he said unto them, "Go ye T/I18 won find pl"iZ(' at th(; Chrlttt(luqun llll-ltittttj~ of Poreign JliJ-o;iQlls, 192n, into all the world, and preach the Gospel to every creature." Mark 16: Courage 15.

AN ACROSTIC Song-"Speed Away! Speed Away!" By MRS. S. M. HAZLETT, Tarentum, Pa. Pmyer.- Come, dear Christ, and teach us, Christ Overcome our night; Unite us in endeavor to And Simon Peter answered and Right the world with "Light." said, "Thou art the Christ, the Son Anxious are we to serve Thee of the living God." Matt. 16: 16. Gladness would we bring Enthuse us with Thy Spirit and Song–"My Hope Is Built on Courage from our King. Nothing Less." -Amen. Overcoming YOUTH IN SCRIPTURE AND SONG Be not overcome of evil, but over- come evil with good. Romans 12: By MRS. HOWARD ROGERS 21. 1'hi.'f 1f"On (l. prize at the Chautauqua Institute Song-"Yield Not to Temptation." of Porcion :jJ{i881on8~ 1929.

Union Promise of Vision And they went forth, and preached And it shall come to pass afterward, everywhere, the Lord working with that I will pour out my spirit upon all them, and confirming the word with flesh; and your sons and daughters signs following. Mark 16: 20. shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, your young men shall Song-"Blest Be the Tie That see visions. Joel 2: 28. Binds." "Open Mine Eyes That I May See." Righteousness Prepal"ation for Life But seek ye first the kingdom of God and his righteousness; and all The Cross. And Jesus said unto these things shall be added unto you. him, (the rich young ruler) If thou Matt. 6: 33.

wilt be perfect, go and sell that thou Salvation, From a child thou hast hast, and give to the poor, and thou known the holy scriptures, which are able to make thee wise unto salvation shalt have treasure in heaven : and through faith which is in Christ Jesus. come and follow me. Mat. 19: 21. 2 Tim. 3: 15.

"Must Jesus bear the cross alone?" "My Faith looks up to Thee." Consecration. My son, give me thine heart, and let thine eyes observe my What might be the result if Chris- tians were to begin now in preparation ways. Provo 23: 26. for next year to place the Christ in the "0 Master, let me walk with Thee." Concentration. "(My son,) study to center of the heart of our children as the author of their Christmas gifts? show thyself approved unto God, a workman that needeth not to be IBelieve Ii or Not _111' lUPl.l~Y ) ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth." 2 Tim. 2: 15.

"Awake my soul, stretch every nerve."

Pursuit of the Christian Life (The Ol'igilJtll uf SUlltll 1~lau8) LI:-; THE l'A'I'HO:" :-;01:"' 1' Four-fold De1Jelopment. And Jesus 0]" 'I'll lEVI,;; increased in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and man. Luke 2: (Read carefully, prayerfully, the word- 52. ing under the picture. I have verified its statement). "Take my life and let it be consecrated." Especially should missionaries con- sider this suggestion. I have talked Conflict. This charge I commit with a number of Nationals and find unto thee, son Timothy, . . . that thou their judgment conforms to the sugmightest war a good warfare; hold- gestion. ing faith, and a good conscience. 1 Tim. 1: 18, 19. Will you kindly write me your re- action? Thank you. "The Son of God goes forth to war." Self Control. Young men likewise THE WINDS OF LIFE exhort to be sober minded, In all things shewing thyself a pattern of "One ship sails East and one sails l!"ood works: in doctrine shewing un- West eorruptness, gravity, sincerity, sound speech, that cannot be condemned. By the selfsame wind that blcws, Titus 2: 6-8. It's the set of the sail and not the "Dear Lord and Master of us aIL" The Challenge. Let no man despise gale thy youth; but be thou an example of That determines the way it goes. the believers, in word, in conversation, in charity, in spirit, in faith , in purity. "Like the winds of the sea are the 1 Tim. 4: 12. ways of fate "Jesus calls us o'er the tumult." A~ we journey on through life, Pal,ticipation in Life It's the set of the soul that deter- J01). Rejoice, 0 young man, in thy mines the goal youth; and let thy heart cheer thee in And not the stress nor the strife." the days of thy youth. Ecc!. 11: 9.

"Rejoice, ye pure in heart." Confidence in Life. Remember now thy Creator in the days of thy youth. Ecc!. 12: 1. "This is my Father's world."

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY MISS FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York STORY OF ANNUAL MEETING most significant of the three. He Federation of Women's Boards of pleaded for an increased interest in the work of these Latin American Foreign Missions neighbors, toward whom the churches have such a great and as yet scarcely By FLORENCE E. SMITH The essential unity of the Christian recognized responsibility.

task and of the people who are work- Miss Sarah S. Lyon outlined the ing at it, both in America and in for- changes which the Y. W. C. A. has eign lands, was once more ably demon- found in its world service between strated by the meeting in Atlantic Stockholm in 1914 and Budapest in City, January 11-14, of the Federa- 1929, due to the forces released by the tion of Woman's Boards of Foreign World War-hate, force, materialism Missions of North America. A dis- and social anarchy. When, in 1920, a tinguished group of 175 women, repre- meeting was attempted in Switzerland, senting 44 boards and societies in the it was found impossible to think United States, Canada, and many longer in terms of groups related to fields of foreign service, met in The an alma mater; whole areas had to be Breakers Hotel. Its walls were hung included in our thinking. Representa- with flags of different lands, and the tives from Germany and France met international and interdenominational at that time, and it was spiritual character of the group was accentuated power that held the group together. by the program of the ensuing days. At Budapest in 1929, three major de- The Program Committee was happy cisions were reached: (a) To estab- in its selection of three young women lish headquarters for the World's to direct the periods of worship at the Association in Geneva; (b) to make beginning of each session. These were a study of industrial relations and Miss Eleanor White and Miss Alma world economics; (c) to study the re- Adams of New York, and Miss Sarah ligious situation and setting for the Molloy of Philadelphia. They made Association in each country.

each service a spiritual treat, Miss Miss Henrietta Roelofs, vice-chair- White giving trained leadership to the man of the National Committee on the singing, with Miss Molloy at the piano, Cause and Cure of War, gave a thrill- and Miss Adams reading carefully ing account of the meeting of the 1n- chosen selections. "Worship Through stitute on Pacific Relations in Kyoto.

Music" was the devotional theme. All delegates were from sovereign The first evening Dr. Daniel J. countries but two -Korea and the Fleming outlined the trends and sig- Philippines, which have no vote, but nificance of the meeting of the evan- can participate in discussions. Six gelicals in the thirteen countries of years ago this Conference discussed the Caribbean area at Havana in June, the Exclusion Act, and two years later, 1929. He stressed its Latin leadership relationships between Great Britain and the proposed Federation of and China. At this conference there Churches not only of that area but of were four major problems: (1) The all Latin America. Forty of the 199 impact of the machine age on tradi- delegates to Havana were women. tional cultures; (2) Manchuria; (3) This was the third of the Latin Amer- extraterritoriality; (4) diplomatic reican Conferences, beginning with lations in the Pacific area.

Panama in 1916, continuing in Monte- At the beginning, Miss Roelofs said, video in 1925, and in Havana in 1929. suspicitm and hostility were in the air. Dr. Fleming found the last by far the So the discussion began with the ques- 215

tion, "What is religion 7" This was beloved spiritual guide, led the medi- sufficiently objective and impersonal to tation, using as her theme, "The Chal- be discussed without animus, and after lenge of Love." She quoted a scientist four days the Institute could get as having said that man in relation to around to Manchuria and similar deli- the immensity of the universe is an cate subjects. The early speeches, insect too insignificant to be seen by a necessarily prepared at horne, were powerful glass. Love is the one ca- laden with national feeling and claims pacity that the insect, man, has for for rights; but later milder counsels transcending itself. Love is not a prevailed. Soon China and Japan were sentiment, but a force, the greatest discussing their different viewpoints force in the world. Jesus is the per- and possible solutions for problems in fection of self-forgetting love. Miss a wholly amicable spirit. They moved Conde said there never was a time on from a statement of rights to find when the youth of the world were so a procedure which would solve the dispairing about the meaning of life.

problem. It was a marvelous example It is because they have not yet learned of the type of conference which is how to use the law of love; they have needed today. In the past, the main not seen it in the lives of their older instrument of national policy has been guides.

armed force, but now it is corning to The service Sunday evening brought be the conference table. world opportunities and needs to our To many it might sound strange to door. Three missionaries spoke on speak of a Sunday in Atlantic City as "The Spiritual Implications of Our holy, but no other adjective will apply Task" – Miss Florence E. Smith, of to the Sabbath during this Conference. Santiago, Chile; Miss Alice Appen- The Spirit of God was manifestly zeller, of Seoul, Korea, and Mrs. Elgin present. Dr. Henry P. Van Dusen, of Sherk, of Teheran, Persia. Miss New York, led a profound and search- Smith traced the beginnings of evaning discussion of "The Practice of gelical work in Chile through the ef- Worship"-what worship is, what it forts of that beloved missionary statesdoes, what it requires of the ordinary man, David Trumbull, and its subse- Christian. He defined worship as the quent growth and influence in the expression of our deepest faith and as country, in challenging even the State a discovery. "Worship is always path- Church to more liberal interpretations finding into new fields." Worship of religion. Miss Appenzeller told of stimulates thinking. We need to re- the faith and zeal of the early Chrisclaim the world of thought and re- tians in Korea and of her work among deem and discipline it in religion. The their daughters and granddaughters in objective of worship, he said, is iden- Ewha College at Seoul. Mrs. Sherk tical with the objectives of religion, indicated some of the spiritual imviz., fullness of life with God for the plications of the task which are comindividual and for all mankind. mon to us all, givi ng many telling il- Growth in the life of God for all man- lustrations from the horne life of kind is what we mean by the Kingdom Persian women.

of God. Religion concerns the whole The Sunday meeting concluded with of life. The great test of worship is, an impressive service led by Miss Mar- do I corne forth from my experience of garet Burton in memory of four personal worship or of my service of leaders who have entered into Life the cooperative worship with a fuller and past year: Miss Jennie Lois Ellis, of freer life? Philadelphia; Mrs. Luke Johnson, of An open forum followed this ad- Nashville; Miss Ella D. MacLaurin, dress, but space forbids detailing the of New York, and Mrs. D. Everett questions put to Dr. Van Dusen. Waid, of New York.

At four o'clock a Worship 'Service Reports are apt to be taken as a was held. Miss Bertha Conde, well- matter of dry routine, but the reports

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

of the different committees of the Fed- of the task; b. missions as one of the eration were faseinating, showing, as great factors in internati~na} rehltionthey did, the breadth and scope of the fsuhriplso·~gch. the message of mlSSlOnanes on Federation's interests and activities. to be one which takes into ac- count the viewpoint of youth; d: the a~­ vantage of presenting other natIOnals III Miss Gertrude Schultz, chairman of this country to young people's groups; the Central Committee, reported for e. programs of missionary societies to be the Committee on United Study of more carefully prepared, with a view to Foreign Missions that an edition of interesting young people.

80,000 copies of "From Jerusalem to Mrs. Jeannette W. Emrich spoke on Jerusalem" had been exhausted and the activities of the Committee on another of 10,000 is coming from the World Friendship for Children. Since press. She described the new study sending the 30,000 friendship school books for women and children for bags to Mexico last year, a Committee 1930-31, and displayed the first copies. on World Friendship has been formed in 21 of Mexico's 28 states. A course Some of the activities of the Com- in World Friendship is now included mittee on International Relations, of in the curriculum of primary schools which Mrs. Silverthorn is chairman, there. The school children of Mexico relate to motion pictures as shown are preparing to return the compli- ment by sending 48 exhibits of the paabrrtoiacdi~atsieocnu roi nf gt hsei gUnna ti tuerde sS tfaotre s t hi ne arts and industrie~ of Mexico, one for each state in the U. S. A. The Comthe World Court, and forming right mittee is now preparing a gift for the social relations. Its work is closely children of the Philippines which will related to another Committee on Mis- take the form of a Treasure Chest. sions and Government under the lead- Emphasis was laid on suitable books ership of Mrs. Darby, which has to do as one of the gifts in this chest. with negotiations with governments, questions relating to immigration, A letter from Mrs. Henry W. Peaextraterritoriality in China, and sim- body was read by Miss Schultz, outilar matters. lining the future of the World Fellow- ship of Christian Women. In attendance at the meeting of the Federation there were representative Miss Margaret Wrong, Secretary of young women who are in touch with the International Bureau of Literastudent groups. The President asked ture, spoke on "What Shall Africa them to meet together and formulate Read 7" There are 1,000 languages things which they would like to have and dialects in use south of the presented to the entire group. As a Arabic-speaking part of Africa. Corpart of the consideration of missionary rupt literature in French and English preparation and student work, thIs is finding its way into that country. group was asked to present some reasons why enlistment in foreign serv- Mrs. Hough spoke on the observance ice has of late declined. Some of the of the World Day of Prayer, March 7, reasons enumerated were: as a means of family fellowship al 1. Uncertainty, in view of changing over the world. conditions, whether a life work as for- Renewed emphasis was placed on the merly can be pledged. 2. Greater educational requirements. Students often can- study books and schools of missions, not or do not wish to spend so much time the World Day of Prayer, the imin preparation as is required. 3. The portance of including young women in need of a new type of missionary, not to all missionary groups and committees, work for a people but with them. 4. more Christian literature for women Change in the Christian philosophy. of and children in foreign lands, inlife. Serious doubt even as to the eXIst- ence of God. 5. Inadequate idea of what creased use of THE MISSIONARY REa missionary is. VIEW OF THE WORLD, special prayer for The group stressed: the women of Russia, and the vital a. The attractive presentation of mis- importance of an adequate observance sions, emphasizing the large implications of this anniversary of Pentecost. EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Executive Secretary, Council of Women for Home Missions LOOAL AOTIVITIES Unions, etc., consequently it was not a missionary federation that resulted, In ln2~. three issues of the Bulletin re- but a federation with an inclusive counted activities of local "romen's interde· program. Nevertheless this federa- JlolllillUtioJlul grnnns: :Iuy told of the Cartha~e~ tion had a strong missionary depart- TWuniH. ~l'nlln formf'« in lS~O: .Tunf'. of St. ment, consisting of the strongest Louis, formed in 1897; October, of Stockton, available member of each denomina- California, organized in 1~96. We are happy tion, with a chairman in charge of the briefly to present in this issue ::wtivities of several other groups and 1a ter news of Stockton.

Forty Years in Des Moines Our Des Moines Interdenomina- whole. Until this federation was tional Missionary Council was organ- formed there' had been no permanently ized in 1889. Mrs. A. L. Fi"isbie, a organized group to conduct the Day of Congregational pastor's wife, felt that Prayer for Missions. Such gatherings the missionary women in the various for prayer have been held in each of churches of our city would enthuse the twenty-three years of the federaeach other to greater activity if they tion's existence. A Missionary Instiwould meet together occasionally in tute has also been held each year of prayer and service. the twenty-three. At the time that Bostonians were enjoying "The World For the last fifteen years we have in Boston" I remember most vividly had an Extension Conference, a fall arranging and carrying through an school of missions that lasts one week excursion from Providence when 800, with an outside paid speaker. One women were brought here to see the home and one foreign interdenomina- exposition and pageant. And then the tional book is studied. The expense "Orient in Providence" was held, and is met by voluntary gifts of the va- our committee had charge of the litrious churches that belong. We have erature table. no fixed membership fee. Our World Day of Prayer meeting is always very In the Jubilee of 1910 our committee well attended and serves as an inspira- was of great assistance to the Comtion to all the women. mittee of 100 because we had all the facts that they would have had to dis- We belong to our City Federation of Women's Clubs and so have many cover. We had the directory of mis- civic and educational contacts. Some sionary presidents in all the churches, of our women are working in the the facts as to number and names of citizenship schools. denominations, the geographical di- We celebrated our 40th Anniversary visions of the city and the churches by putting on an historical pageant. listed therein. This is a cold, bare MRS. A. J. PALAS. outline but you, who know missionary In New England Since 1906 work, can fill in the women touched and interested, the volume of prayer The Providence Federation of Wom- that has ascended through the years, en's Church Societies, now the Rhode and the quickening knowledge that has Island Federation, was formed in 1906 been disseminated. Strong churches because of a social need which could learned also to bear the burdens of the only be met by the united effort of an weak, for where there were no leaders interdenominational group of church for study classes in weaker churches women. Because it was a social need leaders were supplied by stronger the presidents called together were churches. There has been no salaried presidents of Ladies' Aids, Social worker and no budget. Willing hearts, 218 enthusiasm for the movement, and for two days with a fine pageant on faith in Jesus, the leader, were what the evening of each day. It was a very enabled the work to go on. great success.

Somerville, Massachusetts, formed a Time fails me to tell of Lynn with similar federation in 1915 because re- its forty churches, and Portland with sults in Providence made us feel that its twenty-five, and all the rest. The no community could afford to be with- two accounts given in something of out the benefit of such united effort. detail must suffice as a picture of the We have had various well-known whole, where more or less the same is leaders for our Missionary Institutes. done. One year we had a monthly study conducted by our own women. One year We have to date fourteen Federawe had evening meetings for young tions of Women's Church Societies women. We have given five pageants here in New England. to large audiences in a large hall, raised the money for the land on which (MRS. E. TALMADGE ROOT) our Italian Mission Church is built, GEORGIANA M. ROOT. gave a church warming party which furnished kitchen and pastor's study, Omaha, Nebraska. and for many years have largely supported the Daily Vacation Bible School. Our Women's Church and Mission- One hundred and seven were enrolled ary Federation of Omaha grew out of in this school last summer. This year, a Missionary Jubilee Convention held as each year, We are planning for a here in October, 1910. The object of Conference of our· missionary presi- forming this organization was to dents to talk over a training course quicken missionary projects in Chrisfor Sunday-school missionary chair- tian education and have a closer comen. operation between the evangelical, Protestant churches of the city. The Over thirty dolls were sent to Japan, program carried on for the first few and given a farewell reception to years was to have missionary speakers which the children givers were invited. and a little later a mission studycIass This was really a children's missionary during the summer. In late years we meeting as we had a fine program, have had a summer Vacation Bible then the dolls were displayed for a school, helping a mission in East week in the Public Library where Omaha in the poorer section of the everyone got a message. Some sixty city. This has been most helpful and Mexican bags were sent, and a meeting a most worthwhile undertaking for us. was held which was addressed by Mrs. Emrich. Again you must read be- Two years ago there seemed to be tween the lines and feel the warmth a great demand for a social welfare of love and effort. worker, so with the cooperation of the Council of Churches we together pay When Mrs. Peabody was raising the for and sponsor a social welfare money for the Union Christian Col- worker, who does some office work and leges of the Orient, and was fearful attends juvenile court cases in our bethat Massachusetts might fall below half. These court cases are followed its quota, our Federation had a whirl- up and given all possible help within wind campaign and raised $500 in a our means and jurisdiction. The first week, after most of the churches had year we had a worker trained in this given denominationally. particular line. There is not a doubt in our minds but that it is the greatest We had Miss Laura Parker in many undertaking the Federation has ever of our Federations to give her illus- done, and seeing and knowing the trated talk on Migrant Work. great need of it we hope this good work will go on and prosper, be en- Worcester, our largest Federation larged and well nourished by the Fednumbering seventy-four churches, gave eration membership. recently "The World in Worcester" The budget for the welfare worker

is raised by apportionment according which is next door. This last building to membership. It was cut this year is called our "Good Will Industrial to barely cover the year's work, to Department." Have cobbling done lighten the load for the churches, but there, also have a room fixed up with we do not know as yet whether that used clothing, furniture, etc., which is was a wise move for us. Dues in the sold when we can, and given away Federation are $1.00 per organization. when necessary. We installed two showers this summer. We have three (MRS. R. H.) SARAH I. FAIR. very good buildings; enough lot left for another building. Our dreams are Springfield, Ohio to tear down the Sunday-school build- ing and build a large substantial build- In 1914, Mrs. C. C. Jones, of our ing; the lot is right next to it. The city, started a night school for foreign work is growing and we are so proud people, teaching reading, writing, sew- of all the activities. ing, Bible. In the first sewing class there was only one woman. All as- (MRS.) ANNA K. DUCKWALL. sistance was gratuitous. At that time we had in our city a Union Interde- Filipino Center in Stockton nominational Federation of Mission Study (later called Union Missionary About six years ago the wife of one Society). This organization saw a fu- of the prominent doctors in Stockton, ture of mahy opportunities in this California, caught the vision of doing night school of Mrs. Jones and asked some work among the 8,000 Filipinos her to start a settlement work which in and around Stockton. The resulting they would help sponsor and enlarge. Center has been greatly blessed in the So in January, 1916, the Union Settle- number of leaders it has trained. An ment Work was organized. The meet- ordained Filipino worker, converted in ings or classes were held in a room this Center, is now giving much of his downtown. As the classes increased, time to the work. Two Filipino boys, larger quarters were necessary. An graduates of the local high school, conold residence was purchased on faith verted in the Center, have entered colwith borrowed money and was ar- lege, one at Ashbury College, Kenranged to accommodate the growing tucky, the other in Pasadena, Caliclasses. As soon as this building was fornia. while a third boy. also conpaid for, another building close by on verted in the Center, is at school at the same lot was available at a very San Diego. modest cost. It was a saloon and when prohibition came in, this saloon had to Then there is Mary Area, a Filipino close, so we got the building very girl, who graduated from the local cheap. Had to borrow that money, too. high school in February, and who won The saloon was transformed into a first place in the public speaking conbeautiful Sunday-school room. After test recently held in the high school. acquiring the two buildings, we were She caught her inspiration in the incorporated in March, 1922. Center and hopes, after training, to go back to help her people in the Islands. Our budget is raised with the aid of the Community Fund, churches con- The women of Stockton are also tributing stated sums, other organiza- helping financially and by personal tions, patronesses and associate mem- service in the local Mexican, Japanese bers. About a year and half ago, after and Chinese work. These activities our debts were paid on the other two are not carried on through the women's buildings, we were fortunate enough organized groups, but are largely supto have the opportunity to buy the twin building of our first building ported by the same women. * * ""(-' nr~ iIHlt'htf'Q to lfjss Enunn C. Neu- miller, of Stocl.;:ton, for these facts.

prayer, the study of the Word, and

up-building of Christian life. Nearly Sudan Interior Mission 2,000 assembled at Cholo, while similar, though smaller, conventions were held SINCE 1900 there has been steady at Nkhate and Likubula. expansion in the Sudan Interior Mission, organized in 1898 by Rowland (2) The Bible is exalted among the Bingham, an Englishman. There are native Christians. They love it, and now 132 missionaries in active service. make much of it, both in their worship Over fifty native churches, all self-sup- and in their homes. A well-known misporting, are in existence. Thousands sionary-traveler, when visiting the stathrong these churches and Sunday- tions, remarked upon the place given schools every Lord's Day. Schools have to the Bible; the forest of hands upbeen established in which the Scrip- lifted when a show of Bibles was called tures are the .textbook; among them a for; the fact that even at the dayboarding school for girls, which trains school the children brought their own Christian wives. At most of the sta- New Testaments with them, and that tions there are dispensaries. The hos- the most coveted gift they could repital, first of its kind in Nigeria, gave ceive as a school-prize was a copy of 93,000 treatments last year, and every the Word of God. one coming received the Gospel. Ten languages and dialects have been reduced to writing and the Scriptures Missionary Flight Planned translated into them. The mission's PLANS are under way for the first income in 1926 was about $170,000. missionary air expedition, a flight The contributions of the native Chris- to an almost inaccessible region of tians last year were $3,200, given by Southwestern Africa, to be undertaken men and women whose daily wage is by the Oblate Brotherhood of Cologne, but sixteen cents and ten cents re- Germany. The expedition will be to the pagans of Ovamboland, in South~ spectively.-S. S. Times.

In Nyasaland western Africa, one of the least-known places on the globe. The missionary, TWO leading features in the work who was a German air pilot in the of the Nyasa Mission during the World War, made a promise in his stupast year have been the establishment dent days to Father Otto Fuhrman, a of five native churches with native pas- veteran missionary, that some day he tors and church officers; and the de- would take up the work in Africa, and sire which some of these churches $100,000 has already been subscribed express to send their own missionaries in Europe for the project. It is planinto Portuguese East Africa. Two in- ned to launch the expedition in the stances indicate that blessing has at- early Spring of 1931.-N. Y. Times.

tended the.Mission's work.

I (1) The Annual Native Convention Suppressing Native Languages is the great occasion of the mission F A newly enacted law is enforced, year, when from all the villages native native Christian people of Portu- Christians and their friends travel to guese East Africa will be entirely de- the central stations, many walking 30 prived of the use of the Bible in public miles or more, to spend a week-end in worship.

221

This law of the Portuguese Govern- in Belgium which will supplement the ment prohibits the use of the native present telegraphic communications tongues by the missionary societies in with Congo, and at the same time ill- Mozambique. One article reads as fol- augurate telephone relations with the lows: "In all religious missions, the colony which now can only be carried official language in the religious teach- out via Paris or Berlin. Included in ing, as well as in any other relations the plan is broadcasting for Congo. with the natives, is the Portuguese language." A qUalifying clause al- M. Lippens is also actively negotilows the temporary employment of the ating for the establishment in 1930 of spoken language in religious teaching, the Franco-Belgian air service which while the knowledge of the Portuguese will link Brussels and Paris with language is not general among the na- Congo and Madagascar each week. tives, but the use of any literature in Brussels would then be six days from the native tongue is forbidden. The Leopoldville instead of eighteen or Society has published the Bible in nineteen as at present by steamer. Ronga, and there also exist versions in the Tswa and Tonga languages. EUROPE Missions in Portuguese Colonies Friends of Evangelical Christian Unity FOR some years the missions have T HE annual meeting of this move- been expe'riencing difficulties in the ment was held this year in Bergerac Portuguese colonies both in East and in the Dordogne Valley. The move- West Africa, and the situation has ment was organized in 1920 to bring grown more acute with the pUblication about closer relations between German of new legislation recently in Portu- and French evangelical Christians on guese East Africa. These laws insist a religious basis. The object is to be upon the possession of a certificate of attained by means of conventions and primary education by every native by cooperation in works of Christian preacher or teacher of religion, and love. The annual conventions are held forbid any written use of the native alternately in France and Germany. languages. These appear to the mis- There are· already more than 1,400 sionary societies to be incompatible members. The head of the movement with religious liberty, which, in the is Pastor Jules Rambaud, D.D., of case of the British missons, is guar- Bad Homburg. anteed by treaty. This year's meeting was held in a While the missions cannot but wel- locality of southern France, in which come the interest in the education of the teachings of Luther gained access the natives shown in the new laws on as early as 1520. To this day the porthis subject, they nevertheless believe trait of Luther is hung in the Rethat some of the regulations-such as formed Church of Bergerac. There the insistence upon buildings of stone are seven congregations in the Dorfor every school throughout the terri- dogne Valley that have lived through tory-will tend to defeat their own ob- the times of religious persecutions. ject by closing large numbers of schools. The whole situation is re- This is the seat of the institutions ceiving careful attention. for the "Works of Christian Love" that were started by Pastor Jean Congo Brought Nearer Boss and the first of which was a home for orphaned and morally imperilled M MAURICE LIPPENS, honorary girls. In the community of Laforce • governor-general of Congo BeIge there are new homes for sufferers of and now minister of railways, marine, all kinds, especially for epileptics. posts, telegraphs, telephones and aero- The tenth of such homes is being nautics in Belgium, has placed an erected. Laforce, with an institutional order for a "beam" type wireless post congregation of 600 members of whom 500 are inmates, has been called the French Bethel. The addresses de-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

livered at the convention correspond ment for a bill to enable them to conto this environment. summate union under certain condi- tions. These conditions provided that Under the influence of this conven- given a final vote of 75% in all three tion an exchange of theological stu- Conferences i'n the year 1931, union dents has been inaugurated. Special can be achieved in 1932 and the first attention is devoted to the spiritual United Conference meet in 1933, excare of Foreign Legion soldiers of actly twenty years after the commence- German extraction.-Kirchenzeitung. ment of negotiations.-Indian Witness.

German Mohammeda.ns Russian Mohalll'llledans THE Islam Institute in Berlin sug- SINCE the formation of the Soviet gested the formation of a commit- Republic, many Mohammedans, tee for German Mohammedans, which have left Russia and settled in was actually formed at the beginning Esthonia, where there are now about of 1929. The organization consists 300. Finland also has Mohammedan of Moslems of German nationality settlers to the number of about 950. who have become adherents of this religion. They have subscribed to an Alliance of Jews agreement whereby they will settle all 'disputes with other Mohammedans be- A NEW movement has arisen in fore an Islamite court. All have Hungary to bring into an Aladopted Arabic names in place of liance all Jews who believe in Christ, their baptismal names.-Devaranne. whether connected with a church or not. The leader of this movement is To Starve Out Religion Dr. Foeldes, a Hungarian Jewish lawyer and prominent jurist who is T HE following has been received also a Christian. When interviewed from Russian sources believed to regarding the Alliance, Dr. Foeldes be authentic: said: "One fundamental basis is that everyone has a right to live his own "Some time ago the Soviet authori- life as a Christian, and we do not deties permitted the Baptists to publish mand adherence to any dogmas or 25,000 Bibles in Moscow, and 25,000 creeds. The only requirement for New Testaments with Psalms in the membership in the Alliance is a contown of Harkow. This work was fession of faith in Christ. That alone stopped before it could be completed. holds us together. Everyone is wel- The magazine The Baptist of Ukrainia come to our conferences, and whoever has ceased to exist, and the magazine visits us once will be fully convinced The Bapti.~t has to undergo so minute that we are not a mystical sect, but a a censorship that the Czarist regime company that believes and teaches the would be jealous of it." Bible as the Word of God and the truth in Christ as it is written and Methodist Union in England without distortion."

METHODIST bodies in Great Brit- The movement was known in Ger- ain proposing to unite are the many before the war and has greatly Wesleyans, with a membership of 517,- developed since then. It is spreading 000; the Primitive Methodists, 224,- in France, England and also in Amer- 000 and the United Methodists 145,000. ica. Negotiations started in 1913, and a definite scheme was ready by 1919, but Fa.mous French Seminary opposition, chiefly among the Wesleyans, has resulted in delay. A mag- THE Paris Theological Seminary, nanimous spirit on all sides has made founded in Strassburg during the it possible for one after another of Reformation, is responding to inthe leaders of the opposition to come creased demands for theological trainover to the side of union, and last year ing of students from Czechoslovakia, Methodist leaders petitioned Parlia-

Roumania, Poland, the Balkan States, Of the 91 counties included in the sur- Japan, and the United States. Grad- vey 50 are in Missouri, 30 in Arkansas uates of this Seminary have served and 11 in Oklahoma. This area is every section of France, as well as im- 85% rural; its people very largely pOl·t~nt parishQs in England, Belgium, native born white, and for the most Switzerland, Germany, Holland, Amer- part would be classed as Protestant ica and the missionary lands of Africa, rather than Catholic. Headquarters Indo-China, Madagascar and Tahiti. are in the Y. M. C. A., Springfield, Mo.

The roll of its alumni is a blue book of religious leadership. Religious Press Conference Huguenot Hospital THE fourteen editors of religious periodicals who attended the an- L A SYMPATHIE," the mission hos- nual meeting of the Executive Com- pital of the French South-East mittee of the Federal Council of Mission, in Dig n e, Basses-Alpes, Churches in Chicago, December 4-6, France, has been in operation a little had an interesting conference for the over a year. There are 57 patients in discussion of their common problems.

a building built to accommodate fifty. Dr. Paul S. Leinbach, editor of the The hospital has been a great boom to Reformed Church Messenger and the Protestant sick of the region, and Chairman of the Editorial Council of has furnished a wonderful opportunity the Religious Press Association, pre- for evangelization. In the Province of sided. The Conference recommended Basses-Alpes there are over 200 vil- to the Committee on Motion Pictures, lages. Patients are coming from many appointed by the last meeting, that it of these, and upon their return to arrange for a frank conference with their homes take the Gospel message. officials of the motion picture industry, The plan of the mission is to follow up and that, in preparation for its report every such opening. A colporteur has to the next meeting, it undertake to been secured to take advantage of secure as many pertinent facts as pos- these opportunities. He will traverse sible concerning the present situation.

the region, visiting in the homes of all Plans were made for the next an- ex-patients, holding meetings, preach- nual editorial conference, which will ing the Gospel, and distributing the be held in Washington, D. C., April Scriptures. 29 and 30, under the chairmanship of Dr. Leinbach. A committee, which NORTH AMERICA was charged with responsibility for Couperation in the Ozark. outlining a series of topics for the CHURCH superintendents and su- conference consists of John van pervisors of mission work are Schaick, Jr., of the Christian Leader; more keenly aware than ever before Dan B. Brummitt, of the Northwest- that close cooperation between the va- ern Christian Advocate, and U. M.

rious denominations is necessary if McGuire, of The Baptist.

the people in the average rural com- munity are to be afforded adequate Friends Consider Union religious privileges. A survey now AMONG the many movements toward being made promises real progress. A f i church union, the newest de- local Ozark Committee of the Home velopment appeared at the "All- Missions Council, representing eleven Friends' Conference" held in Oska- denominations having churches in the loosa, Ia., last fall. An effort was Ozark country, has recently been begun to draw into fellowship the four formed for the purpose of making an bodies known as Orthodox or Con- "Every Community Church Survey" servatives, Liberal or Hicksite, Wil- of the upland counties of Southern burites, and Primitive. The Orthodox Missouri, Arkansas and eastern Okla- or Conservatives, mixed with Progres- homa, popularly known as the Ozarks. sives, number nearly five to one of the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

total Friends in the United States; classes in the United States, Canada Liberals or Hicksites have upward of and a few foreign countries. This 16,000 members; Wilburites number- large supply of the "Gospel in Print" ing 3,500 are quite Conservative, with consisted of 40,829 books of the Moody a touch of the oldest conservatism, Colportage Library, 43,872 copies of while the Primitives are very few in the Evangel Booklets, 60,779 copies of number and occupy an independent at- the Pocket Treasury (a collection of titude. Scripture portions, songs and helps), 42,957 attractive gospel tracts, 4,413 To this Conference came Friends Emphasized Gospels of John, and 1,817 from all parts of the United States New Testaments-a total of 194,167 and Canada, from England, the old copies. This was sent in 8,218 ship- London Yearly Meeting, from Ireland, ments to every state in the Union; to from France, Germany, Japan, Aus- Canada, Alaska, Porto Rico, the Philiptralia and other countries. pines and six foreign countries. It was furnished to the teachers and Divisions which have interposed the more important differences received attention, and it was agreed that since scholars of 1,824 mountain /lchools, peace has been from the first a cardinal and the inmates of 1,100 penal instituprinciple of Quakerism, much can be tions; to patients in city, county and gained by removing the spirit of dis- national hospitals; to pioneers, lum- sension among its groups. berjacks and others.

President Hoover is a member of the Orthodox or Conservative group. Change of Heart7 For Crime Prevention T HE California Commission on Im- migration has issued the following A NATIONAL Commission on Crime Rules for the Treatment of Foreign- Prevention through Moral and ers: Religious Education is to be organized Don't snub foreign people. Make by the Church League, an interdenom- friends of them.

inational organization wit h head- Don't laugh at their questions about quarters at 156 Fifth Avenue, New American life. Answer them. York City. The purpose of this commission will be to supplement the work Don't profit by their ignorance of of President Hoover's Commission on American law. Help remove it. Law Observance and Enforcement. Don't mimic their broken English. The plan is to discover on the basis Help correct it. of all ascertainable facts how effective is the present moral and religious edu- Don't call them offensive nickcation in keeping those who receive it names. How would you like it yourout of criminal careers, and also to self? suggest practical ways in which appropriate moral and religious educa- Don't make the immigrant hate tion can be extended to one half of the America. Make him love America. In other words, be an American-and be a Christian.

youth of America from 5 to 18 years Conference of Negro Educators A of age who are not now receiving such CONFERENCE of presidents and theological deans of the major training from any source, Protestant, Roman Catholic or Jewish. Negro schools, maintained in the Shipments of Christian Literature South by the American Baptist Home Mission Society, was held in Atlanta, DURING December, the Bible Insti- Georgia, October 9-11. The first day tute Colportage Association of was devoted to a consideration of the Chicago mailed seven and one-half religious condition of these colleges. tons of evangelical Christian litera- The second day took up the theological ture to accredited workers for free departments of the schools. While distribution among several neglected the total number of students for the 5

ministry remains practically the same, feat has not been the conversion of a the number pursuing full theological certain number of Japanese but the courses is greater than ever before, foundation of a vigorous native though inadequate to the needs. The church. It is the test of Christianity third day was given to the needs of that it can adapt itself to all civilizathe average Negro pastor, especially tions and improve all, and the future in the rural districts, and to the pos- lies with the native church in Japan." sible methods of giving him a broader outlook and better methods, and ele- Unl'eached Millions mentary training for his work. The schools unanimously approved the es- MANY in America are inclined to tablishment of ministers' institutes, believe that Japan has advanced designed to start the ministers who so far in Western civilization that she attend them in courses of study which has discarded idols, that ancient faiths will be continued in ministers' clubs have lost their hold and that it is only and correspondence courses. It is a matter of time before she will behoped to secure the cooperation of come the Christian nation of the East. Negro state conventions and national While this may be true of the eduorganizations of white state conven- cated upper classes, it is by no means tions, of each of the theological true of millions of the lower classes. schools, and of the Home Mission Thousands of artisans, fishermen and Society and friends in the North. boatmen, petty shopkeepers and la- borers are practically untouched by JAPAN the Gospel, while in many a village and hamlet there is not one witness The Gospel's Power for Christ. The farmers, too, are practically unreached. On all these, CHRISTIANITY is recognized by old religions and superstitions have a the Japanese Government as one firm hold. Ancestor worship, fox worof the three religions of Japan. ship and other cults are mixed up with Though the number of openly pro- Buddhism, and in nearly every house fessed Christians is comparatively there is the god-shelf with its idols, small, Christian influence is firmly its flowers and rice offerings. The rooted in the life and thought of the Church of Christ has scarcely begun nation. It is interesting to note that to touch these people. They can be a Japanese playwright, in 1928, pro- effectually reached only by Japariese duced in the Imperial Theatre, Tokyo, Christians.-C. M. S. Gleaner. a drama entitled "Christus," follow- ing very closely the Gospel story, World Wide Task of Missions carrying it through to the risen, liv- ing Lord. The appreciative response REV. A. EBISAWA, General Secre- of the audience, largely non-Christian, tary of the National Christian was significant. Council of Japan, paid a second visit to America as a delegate to the Inter- Another evidence of the lliace national 'Missionary Council at Wil- Christianity has won is the recogni· liamstown, Mass. He writes of this tion it receives from non-Christian visit: Japanese leaders who' acknowledge, not only its influence upon Japanese "1 found many changes in American Hfe, but the power it has had in their life, due to the development of me- 'own personal lives and the difference chanical civilization, and to material it has made in their thinking and con- prosperity. Nine years ago, when traveling through the States, I was al- duct. most in blind love, idealizing every- The Japan Advertiser on May 15, thing American; but this time I found that 1 could not remain alto- 1929, had an editorial "Has Chris- gether in blind admiration. I came to tianity Failed in Japan?" The writer feel that we also have to share in aRserts: "Their [the missionaries'-, great

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

sympathetic attitude the burdens of and one young Japanese (Mr. Yoshiour Christian leaders in America. da), in the new building. By re- Surely the world has many troubles. markable Providences and by archi- Each nation and people has its own tectural work for income, the Mission peculiar problems; but it is the high has 'grown till now it comprises privilege of us Christian brothers to about 100 workers, and has spread its be able to share each other's burdens activities into many parts of the provfor the glory of our common Lord. ince. The property is held by a Foun- My heart leaps with joy when I look dation incorporated in Japan as the forward to the great task ahead of us. O'illi Kirisutokyo Jizen Kyokwa Our new Government, the Hamaguchi Zaidan, which insures the permanency Cabinet, has just started a 'Spiritual of its work. The Mission's platform Mobilization,' calling for the coopera- is: tion of all social and religious organizations to meet and help in the solution 1. To preach and practice the Gosof the national, economic and thought- pel in the Province of Omi without life problems. It gives us Christians reference to denominations. There another opportunity to redouble our being no "Omi Mission Church," conefforts, and perhaps even to lead the verts are organized into self-supportreligious and social workers of other ing congregations of the denominasystems. I helieve the time has now tions of their own choice. come when our churches, being somewhat developed, will be able to enter 2. To practice the complete unifyinto real cooperation with the churches ing of the work and fellowship of of other lands in the work for the ad- Japanese and foreign workers. vancement of the Kingdom in all the world. Real world-wide cooperation in 3. To evangelize communities unfulfilling the last command of our occupied by any other Mission, and Lord, 'Go ye therefore, and make dis- under no circumstances to overlap ciples of all the nations,' is really just with the work of such Mission. beginning." 4. To evangelize Rural communities, Rural Evangelization as the most conservative element of mankind and the most probable source T HE Omi Mission is an undenomi- of ,leadership. national experiment in rural evangelization, supported by voluntary 5. To seek, enlist and train leaders contributions. It was founded in and workers. 1905 by Wm. Merrell Vories, who came to Omi as teacher of English in the 6. To work for social betterment, local Government academies. In his including temperance, social purity, own house he conducted Bible classes marriage customs, industrial, physical for students. About 30 were Boon and sanitary reforms, and definite efbaptized and a student Y. M. C. A. forts for the neglected. organized. The Herbert Andrews Memorial building was erected for 7. To study and experiment with this work. The rapid spread of Chris- new methods of evangelization. tian influence caused suspicion and opposition, which resulted in pressure Relief for Night Workers upon the school authorities. Mr. Vories was offered a renewal of con- NIGHT work from 11 p. m. to 5 tract only upon promise to give up all p. m. for young persons and womreligious activities. This was, of en working in factories in Japan came course, impossible. to an end on July 1, 1929, the prohi- bition affecting approximately 1,000 In April, 1907, the second period of young persons and 196,000 women. this Mission began with one foreigner Hereafter Japanese cotton mills will be operated on a two-shift basis from 5 a. m. to 11 p. m., and the actual hours of work will be reduced from 10 hours to eight and one-half a day.

Many factories celebrated the day. The industrial association of the Oka-

yama Prefecture requested its affili- as their life occupation. The future of ated factories to have all their em- Syria is tied up with a number of re- ployees examined medically on that ligious and economic problems, but no day and to start courses in athletics, need is more important than that of and it has set apart the date to be ob- Christian home making. Three years served annually as "health day." Some ago the Presbyterian Church initiated factories are planning for their lei- an educational project new to Syria sure-time activities to include lessons -the Sidon Girls' School. The study in flower arrangement, artificial flow- course was planned to cover six years'

er-making, and etiquette, as well as in training in food, clothing, home man- language, ethics and cooking. agement and child care. One of the first graduates is now dietician in the WESTERN ASIA Lebanon Y. W. C. A. camp, the first Syria Ha. Mental Ho.pital Syrian girl to fill such a position.

T HE Lebanon Hospital for Mental The plant as originally designed is Diseases is not in the forefront of now complete and consists of the adpublic thought, but in a quiet, unosten- ministration building, with class rooms, tatious way it is doing splendid work auditorium, office and reception room in Syria. Interdenominational and in- and laboratory, and four cottages ternational in character, it is a com- planned according to the prevailing plete unit for the treatment of mental type of Syria home architecture. Each afflictions in a country where provision contains a teacher's room, two sleeping for illness is far behind either Pales- rooms for girls, bathroom and kitchen.

tine or Egypt. Ten girls and a house mother live in The work haG been achieved by a each cottage, the house mother being group of international committees, one of the teachers. Seventy boarding Swiss, Dutch, American, Syrian, Eng- students can be accommodated. lish and Scotch, who charged them- selves with the responsibility of A Welcome Change framing policy and providing capital, and who have furnished and equipped SOME time ago, owing to restrictions this hospital for 30 years. The doors in regard to Christian teaching, of the hospital have not been closed which the Turkish Government had imthrough all the vicissitudes of famine posed, the Jewish Mission Committee and revolution, political change and of the Church of Scotland came to the war, and the one aim has been to heal conclusion that their mission in Conall sorts and conditions of men, not stantinople (or Istamboul, the name only of their mental diseases but of now insisted on) would have to close. their spiritual diseases also. lt is now reported by The Record of the Church of Scotland that a change The need is great and accommoda- has come over the authorities, who have tion is very limited-only one bed to expressed a desire that the work should every 16,300 people in Syria, whereas continue. The report continues: "This, in Palestine there is one to every 6,000 of course, could only be on the Comand in Egypt one to 4,500. The hos- mittee's terms, and it must be gratifypital is full to overflowing. The total ing to friends to learn that the scheme income for the year was $40,000, the devised by Rev. R. C. Macanna, and greater bulk of which was derived approved by the Committee, has been from patients' payments.-Evangelica~ adopted."-The Christian.

Christian.

Home Economics in Syria Changes in Afghanistan H OME Economics education i.n Syria NADIR SHAH, King of Afghani- is in its infancy, but famIly con- stan, in a recent proclamation Bets sciousness is strong, and the majority forth the future policy of his regime of girls look forward to homemaking in the following ten points:

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

1. The principle of Islamic law posed, also, to repudiate the British (Hanafi) will be the basis of the ad- debt, the interest on which is said to ministration. 2. Total prohibition of reach the enormous total of $2,500,- alcoholic liquor. 3. Establishment of 000,000 annually.

a military school and arsenal for man- To this must be added China's rev- ufacturing modern arms. 4. Continu- ocation of extra-territorial rights, ance of King Amannullah's relations which affects Great Britain more than with foreign powers. 5. Restoration any other nation; the unsatisfactory of telegraphs and telephones. 6. Re- conclusions of the commission of in- conditioning of all roads. 7. Energetic quiry into the Palestine Arab-Zionist measures for the recovery of arrears feud; rioting in Nigeria, Africa; in- of revenue. 8. Development of com- tertribal warfare in Bulow&, South mercial relations with foreign powers. Africa; an uprising at Apia, Samoa; 9. A progressive educational policy. and smoldering volcanoes in Egypt and 10. The old Council of State to be con- Mesopotamia.

tinued and a Prime Minister to be ap- pointed who will form a cabinet World Alliance for Friendship subject to the approval of the king. THE Executive Committee of the World Alliance for International Friendship through the Churches met GENERAL Significant Events for the first time on French soil last I N THE leading editorial of the No- September. In ten years this organi- vember number of Jewish Mission- zation has made very great progress. ary Magazine, Dr. Thomas M. Chalmers, Director of the New York Jew- There are now national branches in 31 countries and the Alliance com- ish Mission, points out seven notable mands international respect. The events of the present year which have French Government went so far as to striking significance prophetically. send a telegram wishing all success to These are: the Papal-Fascist concor- its meeting at Avignon. That the Aldat; the proposed revival of the Jewish liance is capable of handling a difficult Sanhedrin for the retrial of Jesus; task is shown by its quietly settling, the formation of the Jewish Agency, at Avignon, a complicated dispute of uniting Zionists and non-Zionists in long standing between its Bulgarian the restoration movement; the Arab- and Yugoslav members. Jewish riots; the proposed International Bank; the enlarged Peace and The work of the Stockholm Contin- Safety propaganda; and proposals for uation Committee has a profound increating the United States of Europe. terest for the Alliance and at its last meeting it accepted almost all the resolutions passed at Eisenach. It Portentous Events further proposed that in case of dec- T HE "White Man's Burden" has laration of an aggressive war or of passed from poetry into grim real- violation of international law, the ity. Recent developments indicate that Churches should refrain from all col- India is to be Britain's most important laboration with the defaulting State.

problem this year. The Indian Na- It organized two stimulating summer tional Congress voted, January 1, 2, schools last year. The one at Vau- by a vote of 994 to 6, to secede from marcus brought together students, the British Empire and to maintain agricultural laborers and employees, complete independence. The plan of and a group of the Knights of Peace.

the seceders is said to be to enter im- Discussion centered around the ques- mediately upon a campaign of civil dis- tion: Is it possible to be a good Chris- obedience, nonpayment of taxes and tian and an intolerant patriot at the noncooperation with the British gov- same time? The gathering voted that ernment. The British authorities are "the Churches should condemn all characterized as intruders. It is pro- wars, arising out of causes not sub-

mitted to international arbitration or He says that Protestant missions declared contrary to the decision of own and control 858 hospitals with the International Court." Another 31,264 beds. In these 389,712 patients group from eight different countries have received medical attention, out of met at Schloss Westerburg (Ger- which 198,844 were operative cases. many). Here too the problems of There are 1686 dispensaries in which peace and of the Church and modern last year 10,441,539 consultations were youth were discussed. held, while there were also 137,152 house visits. 'THE World Alliance for Peace number of December 15th of There are now 513 native doctors the periodical PortugaL Evangelico (male) and 99 female doctors in the various fields, together with 2,597 male is devoted to the subject of world assistants and 2,861 female, besides 1,085 trained nurses, peace. This number brings a long re- For every 25 mission workers there port by Alfredo da Silva on the Con- is now one medical missionary. The largest number are working in Asia ference held at Avignon in France. where there are 596 male and 321 fe- male doctors, and 640 foreign nurses. After giving the history of the China and India are the preferred countries, having in China a total of movement and the effort to make it 499 doctors and 327 hospitals with 16,- 608 beds. India has 297 doctors, two effective in every country, he reports medical schools for women, recognized by government and enormous hospithe meeting itself. This was attended tals. Africa with its 140 million natives has however only 157 doctors among by 39 delega'tes, one from each country whom 15 are women with 282 foreign nurses. These few have to fight sleepparticipating. He reports as the chief ing sickness, yellow fever, tuberculosis, syphilis, the evil effects of the slave topics engaging the attention of the trade, alcohol and the most unhygienic conditions. conference the subject of disarmament The rest of the missionary medical and the resolution to set aside one forces are divided among Turkey, Au- stralasia, Latin America and the Unit- Sunday, preferably the Sunday before ed States, In China 279 of the hospitals are self-supporting. Christmas to bring before all 'Chris- The European participation in this tian people the problem of peace and magnificent work is small in compari- son. The entire continent furnishes the obligation incumbent upon them to only 89 doctors, Great Britain 518 and the United States and Canada 700. bring about the ideals of Christ in re- Educational Comm.i••iollS gard to universal peace. This idea he THERE were presented to the Comrecommends to the thoughtful atten- mittee of Reference and Council proposals for two educational commistion of the readers of this Portuguese sions, one for Japan and the other for India. The appointment of such a paper which is the organ of the Meth- commission to Japan was heartily en- dorsed by the committee and plans odist Church of Portugal. . were suggested looking toward the ap- pointment of such a commission when EL Suspension of a Religious Paper the. way seems clear for it. A list of MUNDO CRISTIANO which has been appearing for thirteen years in Mexico has suspended publication for one year with the hope of resuming after that time. The reasons given are largely those connected with financial retrenchment. The number in which this is announced is a very beautiful Christmas number which makes the fact stand out with particular sadness, Medical MissioDS DR, OLPP, of the Institute for Tropical Diseases In Tuebingen, publishes in his last report, some very illteresting figures about medical missions.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

subjects which might form an outline in a proper spirit, can be considerof the commission's responsibilities ably amplified." was suggested. With regard to the commission for India the committee Gandhi Did Not Lead Indian Congress had before it the very carefully drawn proposals of the National Christian MAHATMA GANDHI refused to Council of India, supported by the con- accept the chairmanship of the ference at Agra and by the various Indian National Congress, which met provincial educational associations and in Lahore December 31. The secreother bodies, together with certain tary of the Indian Freedom Foundasuggested terms of reference which tions, which has headquarters in New had been outlined by the representa- York, regards this as a most signifitives of the British boards having cant development in Indian affairs. work in India. The proposal for the The leader nominated to succeed commission was approved in general Gandhi is Jawarharial Nehru, son of and the officers were requested to take the Pundit Motilal Nehru and leader up the matter with the various na- of the Swarajists, or Home Rule party, tional organizations concerned with a in the Indian Legislative Assembly. view to securing agreement on the He is an extremist, the opposite of terms of reference and the necessary Gandhi in policy, and the young Inpersonnel for the commission as well dia party which he leads declares for as finances. It is proposed that the complete independence. For ten years commission should consist of seven Nehru, who is thirty-seven and a members, two to be appointed by In- graduate of Oxford, has been active dia, two by Great Britain, and two in the militant campai~n fQr freedom. from North America, with the seventh He believes that Gandhi's era of pasmember as chairman to be appointed sive resistance and noncooperation is by the International Missionary Coun- at an end.-Missi()n.~.· cil. The present expectation is that this commission should go to India Purdah Patients during the winter of 1930-31. A VISITOR to the Ludhiana Wom- INDIA en's Christian Medical Center describes what she saw: Gandhi Ask. for Milk Each patient occupied a private ward, ONE of the subjects studied by Dr. supplied with a lattice door to the cen- Kenyon L. Butterfield, agricul- tral courtyard, and a back entrance to tural leader, now on his way to In- the street. Crouching around were various dia on behalf of the International members of the family,-the grand- Missionary Council, will be a plea for mother minding the smaller children, improving the cattle and increasing the milk supply for the children. and the husband recliriibg at ease in a Mahatma Gandhi recently wrote to Bishop Fred B. Fisher: long chair, keeping laz9·,"guard over the observance of the strict. regulation "What American friends may do in giving constructive help (for the In- a which must in no wise be relaxed in the dian children) is not to send doles of charity but to send expert knowledge unfamiliar setting of Christian hosin dairying-true philanthropists who pital. He came and went freely by the will give knowledge for the sake of street door, but might never pass through giving it, and who will study the con- the swinging lattice into the court, for dition of India's cattle and show us as no other man might ever look upon the way of improving our breed and the woman whom he had married, so the supply of milk from the existing must he never see the face of another cattle. This idea, if it is entertained Mohammedan's wife.

The demands of the Hindu patient are even more exacting, for she may touch no food unless prepared in a special kitchen by women of her own caste, and hospital arrangements must adapt themselves to these requirements. The exigencies of a surgical operation, how- ever, often require a patient to take nourishment from the hand of a West- ern doctor or non-caste nurse, and the

'consequent violation of social tradition case. Cancer of the mouth and tongue calls for most drastic action. Before is preeminently the type of cancer the woman may resume her position in most easily and hopefully treated by her own household she must submit to radium." rituals of purification which demand that she bathe in sacred waters and par- Dehra Dun Girls' School take of the five products of the cow. 'l'HE Seventieth Anniversary of the Christianity Stands Third .1 American Presbyterian Mission T'HE Presbyterian reports that Christians now stand third among Girls' High School was held September all the religious communities in India. 27 to 30 at the school in Dehra Dun. In the census of 1921, their number The school was opened as a Day was nearly five millions. The rapid School with about fifteen' pupils in growth of the Christian community 1856. The following year it became a since 1881 is indicated by the follow- boarding school. In 1868 grant from ing table showing the proportion per Government was received, eighteen 10,000 of population: acres of land were purchased and the present building was built to accom- 1881 1921 modate 150 girls. To this has later been added a gymnasiurn with class- Hindus …………. . 7,197 6,589 rooms on either side. Plans are now Sikhs ………….. . 63 96 in preparation for a new dormitory, Moslems ………… . classrooms, and more equipment. In Christians .. : ……. . 2,260 2,407 1876 came the first marked educational Buddhists ………. . 58 123 success in the passing of the Higher 465 Middle Examination for boys by the 172 first girl ever admitted to a public examination in India. That this high The percentage of increase of re- standard has been constantly mainligions in India from 1881 to 1921 is tained is witnessed by the large as follows: Christians, 150 per cent; number who pass the Government ex- Moslems, 37 per cent; Zoroastrians, aminations each year. However, the 20 per cent; total population, 24 per primary aim of the school is not to cent. promote scholarship, but rather to de- velop Christian character, and equip Radium for Neyyoor young women for the fullest possible service.-Indian Standard. AS A result of the casual mention .tl. which Dr. Howard Somervell Santal Mission made in a recent wireless talk in Eng- THE Santal Mission is operated land about the Neyyoor L. M. S. Hos- jointly by three Lutheran Boards, pital, of his desire to take back a sup- one in Norway, one in Denmark, and ply of radium when he returns to one in the United States. The mis- South India, he has received gifts sionaries are recruited from each of aggregating $800. Radium of the these three countries, but are organvalue of this latter sum, he tells a cor- ized and work on the field as a single respondent, "will enable us to treat unit. Reports show there are 17,169 about 100 to 150 cases each year, with Christians. Average church attendmuch greater prospect of cure (and ance totals 6,205, while the average much less work for me incidentally) number of communicants is recorded than would be the case by operation as 1,889. A good gain was made for alone. Moreover, many cases that we the period under review, which was 15 now have to send away to die a miser- instead of the usual 12 months, owing able death could, with radium, be to a change in the system of keeping saved and often completely cured, so the records. Baptisms numbered 630 great is the advance that radium children of Christians and 1,069 contreatment has made lately. We do over 200 operations a year on cancer of the mouth alone, possibly the largest number done by any hospital in the world for this particular class of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

verts from nonChristians. In addition The capture had been carried out in to the fifty-one missionaries twenty- the same place and by the same band two pastors, 225 elders, 70 Bible wom- of alleged Communists who carried en and 143 teachers are engaged in the off the Rev. Ulrich Kreutzen, Michigan work of the church. missionary, Nov. 11th. Father Kreut- zen later was released on payment of a CHINA small ransom.

Fanrlne Over Wide Area ANNIBALISM is added to the hor- Religion in the Schools C rors of famine and cold, reported U to have taken 2,000,000 lives in China NDER present government restric- tion, religious subjects can not be within eight months. Another 2,000,- taught, nor chapel services held in 000 persons are said to be doomed to schools. The Boys' School of Lintsing, die by starvation. met this by employing a preacher to George Andrews, a missionary born work among students outside school in Kansu Province, after nine months hours, while in the Girls' School a Y. of relief work there, said famine, dis- W. C. A. was organized. This group ease and exposure in Kansu, Shensi held meetings once a week, conducted and Shansi provinces had caused one classes in the evening for school emof the most terrible situations ever ployees, Sunday-school classes in the experienced in China, and that pros- city and evangelistic work in the hospects for the coming year are that pital. In the spring, however, the Northwest China probably will experi- school board insisted upon the disconence a plague of disease and famine tinuance of the Y. W. C. A. because that will be the worst within human the schools must have a uniform stumemory. dent organization with no religious Relief work in the interior provinces exercises. The girls, much displeased, of Shensi, Kansu and Shansi, is ex- decided that it was about time a·clear tremely difficult because of the rugged showing was made as to who were, mountainous country and difficulty of and who were not Christians. As a transporting supplies. He expressed result, nine joined the church by bapsorrow that missionaries and relief or- tism and five or six on probation. ganizations had been able to save only a small proportion of the afflicted. In spite of a small attendance on Sunday, there are two voluntary Bible Mr. Andrews testifies that he wit- classes led by Christian workers outnessed many instances of cannibalism, side the faculty, with a good enroland that although authorities at first ment, and grace before meat was voltried to stop the practice, they later untarily organized. abandoned the effort. Many books and periodicals of help- Missionaries Kidnapped ful character and religious tone are readily available for student reading. REV. S. W. K. SANDY and the Rev. E. H. Livesly, representatives of Chinese Banditry the British Wesleyan Mission at Ta- yeh, in Southeastern Hupeh Province, THE stations of the Liebenzell Mishave been captured by bandits, who sion in the province of Hunan are are reported to be holding them for a in constant danger at the hands of the large ransom. bandits. The Alliance Mission of Bar- men has sent home a long report de- Three hundred Nationalist Govern- voted almost entirely to this evil. One ment soldiers sent from Hankow to Tayeh to rescue the missionaries, of its missionary families has been joined the Communists upon arrival robbed of everything three times durat Hwangshihkang and are said to be ing the last year. In the south of assisting the Reds in their occupation Kwang-tung there is a large strip of of Tayeh, a Communist stronghold. territory entirely in the hands of the

robbers and to which no soldiers ven- LATIN AMERICA ture. Nursing in Peru Although banditry is a Chinese evil and missionaries formerly were able T HE Evangelical Union of South to continue their work unharmed by America is an amalgamation of negotiating with the robbers, the evil several smaller organizations. The has assumed a much worse form, since fact that South America was left out these robbers are very largely mixed of consideration at the World Missionwith communists and are determined ary Conference at Edinburgh, in 1910, to wipe out religion. Chinese Chris- roused several leaders to united action tians, catechists and pupils are being on behalf of the Neglected Continent. captured and some are put to death The South America Evangelical Misunder the most atrocious conditions. sion in Brazil united with the Argen- tine and Peru missions of the R. B. Since the middle of August, three M. U., and they were joined a little missionaries of the Basel Mission, later by the "Help for Brazil Mission." Kilper, Walter and Fischle, are in cap- At Keswick in 1912 the fusion was tivity, and a demand has been made for completed and the E. U. S. A. came a ransom of $2,000,000.00 Mex. It is into being. There has been steady not intended that any ransom be paid, growth since that time. since then all missionaries would be in constant'danger of being kidnapped. Back in the mountains of Peru, Miss The missions for the same reason have Pinn and Miss Michell labor in a reconstantly refused to pay ransom for mote Indian village, innocent of every captured Chinese Christians. The ordinary comfort. They live in a little wives of the captive missionaries are adobe shack, and carryon district displaying the utmost heroism in rec- nursing. "Distracting nursing" many ommending that no ransom be paid. would call it. These ladies crawl into the Indian huts, and without the help Chinese Home Missions of a doctor, undertake the most des- perate cases. There is no light save WRITING of the progress of the what comes through the low door. Chinese Church, The Chinese Re- The dirt is unspeakable, the place is corder describes the work of the Chi- alive with vermin, and the patient has nese Home Missionary Society, an nothing but a filthy sheepskin for a organization supported by Chinese bed. Any cure under such conditions funds, governed by Chinese officers would seem miraculous, but as a matand employing and sending out as ter of fact recovery is the rule. All deputation workers Chinese mission- day long the Indians come for mediaries. The Society is well organized cine, and every night the ladies hold a and is at present supported by eight gcspel meeting in the Quechua lanlocal societies. The Recorder com- guage.-The Chl'iNtian. ments thus: "Not many years ago the Chinese were criticised as having little The Bible in Cakchiquel or no missionary spirit; as knowing nothing outside their own lands in the NINE years of labor have culmiway of Christian progress. This can nated in a translation of the New no longer be said. This Society, which Testament into the Cakchiquel Indian began work in Yunnan alone, is now language of Guatemala by Mr. and branching out to Turkestan, Man- Mrs. W. Cameron Townsend, missionchuria, and other parts. The Chinese aries to these Indians. Mr. Towndelegates to Jerusalem were asked at send tells of some of their difficulties: Singapore if they could extend their "Humanly speaking, the task was imhelp to that part. It is likely that in possible. The language was unwritthe future the word 'Home' will be left ten. There were no teachers who out of the title and it will become 'The understood grammar. There were no Chinese Missionary Society.''' competent linguists to undertake the task. After two months of arduous

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

questioning, writing and comparing, Fetra. Hundreds of women now prom- we discovered a few of the elementary inent in the life of Chile, including rules of the language and formulated daughters of several presidents of the something of a vocabulary. It has republic, have been educated in the been a long road from that small be- college. Recently the trustees pur- ginning to the classification of over chased a site of seven acres upon the 2,000 verb forms. We have come to edge of the city, upon which it is greatly respect the Cakchiquel lan- planned to erect a group of modern guage. It is not an evolved language school buildings.

like English, but exists in its original purity to a remarkable degree.-Bible Mission for Diamond Miners Society Record. A FEW years ago diamonds were American College in the Argentine discovered east of Burity in suf- ficient quantities to draw diamond THE American College in Buenos miners from all over Brazil, and to Aires, largest city of South Ameri- open up a large section practically unca, announces itself a "Venture in inhabited, except by Indians.

Friendship." Believing that in Chris- Some of the diamond miners were tian education there is more power to believers from other parts of Brazil, solve the problems of international re- and they asked missionaries to send lations than' in battleships or secret someone into the new field. Rev. and diplomacy, this school is a good-will Mrs. A. C. Salley have itinerated dur- approach to the establishment of per- ing all of last year, by truck and Ford, manent international acquaintance and not only in the Matto Grosso section understanding between the Americans of this district, but also in that part of the North and those of the South, which extends into the state of Goyaz.

and is an interdenominational enter- They found the field absolutely unoc- prise conducted by the Methodist cupied, and so vast that it was decided Episcopal Church and the Disciples of they should work the Goyaz section Christ. and Rev. A. J. Martin the Matto Gros- Buenos Aires is a southern melting so section, this year.

pot. The industrious northern Italian, Work among these miners differs the evangelical Waldensians, the hard- from regular work in that the popula- working Gallego, the restless Catalan, tion is ever shifting. A man interested the energetic Basco, with a good share in the Gospel found in a certain loca- of French, Portuguese, German, tion by the missionary on one of his Czechs, Swiss and others are fusing visits, may be found in quite a differ- into a vigorous race. In the American ent location the next time the mission- College are representatives from them ary comes around. Men form at least all, including the English colony and 70 per cent of the population. Nearly a small number from the United everybody attends the meetings when States. the missionary arrives.-Presbyterian Advance.

For Santiago College THE completion of $150,000 by the ISLANDS Board of Foreign Missions of the Kagawa in Loo Choo S Methodist Episcopal Church, making INCE Mr. Kagawa returned from an evangelistic· trip to the Loo available an additional $150,000, for a new building and equipment for San- Choo islands he has been arousing tiago College for Girls, Santiago, Chile, Japanese moral sentiment to respon- is announced by Dr. Ralph E. Diffen- sibility for reform in those outlying dorfer, corresponding secretary of the dependencies. Mr. Kagawa says he is board,150 Fifth Avenue, New York. the first Japanese ever to visit Loo Santiago College was organized in Choo as a sociological investigator.

1880 by the Rev. and Mrs. Ira H. La He was amazed at what he found. The

Japanese people, he comments, would that missionaries should still be sent, learn a great deal about their origin as they needed them as leaders and and primitive state if they undertook guides. One of the most impressive the study of these islanders who speak things of Samoan life is evening a variety of the Japanese language prayers. As the darkness deepens, and fully 2000 years old, worship the same lights in the open Samoan houses mythological characters as did Japan shine out, someone begins a hymn. At that long ago, and are living at about once all fall into a quiet attitude of the same level of most ignoble culture. worship. Here and there round the But no one seems interested in Loo village the same occurs, and, since all Choo, except the liquor and tobacco houses are open, the impression is of interests. The people exist on about general worship going on round the five cents worth of sweet potatoes a coast of the island. The beautiful day, and no effort has been made by prayers of Robert Louis Stevenson are the Japanese government or foreign still well known.-The Chronicle. missionary agencies to educate along agricultural, industrial and cultural Church Growth in Papua lines. AS IN Paul's time reference was made .tl. to the "Church in the house of"

Returning Thanks some early Christian, so one may re- THE REV. J. ALFRED PEARCE fer to the house of George Lawes, at writes of his gratitude to God and Port Moresby, as the beginning of the the friends of The Haitien Gospel Mission who by their prayers and gifts Church in Papua. But the churches did not remain little gatherings under enabled the mission to close the year the house or on the verandah. In time, 1929 free of debt. Four converts were each village had its separate building baptized the last Sunday in the old devoted to the one pUrpose. Native year. Their testimonies were touch- buildings do not last many years in ing, especially that of a little girl of Papua, and as each needed renewing twelve. Ten more candidates for bap- the people improved the style of buildtism are being detained until they ing till now there are churches that have legalized their marriages. The have cost villages hundreds of pounds, staff of the mission consists of one and they are found not only in the European missionary, two Haitien neighborhood of Port Moresby, but scattered all along the coastline. evangelists and one Bible woman. At first the services were conducted In Samoa by missionaries from Britain and the South Sea Islands, but native deacons AN ASTONISHING report is to the were appointed, who began to take .tl. effect that in a village of about part in the services, and from the 100 houses a new church was recently early days they and the church mem- opened which cost £4,000, the entire bers were taught to take a share not cost being borne by the villagers. This only in the services, but in the man- appears to suggest that this Samoa agement of all church matters, and village has no poverty problem. Each decide for themselves who should be church is self-supporting, and sub- admitted to membership, and what dis- scribes to a central fund from which cipline should be enforced. It is now all boarding schools, training and the- nearly forty years since the first at- ological institutions are supported, al- tempt was made to get the natives to so to the London Missionary Society is contribute to the support of the work.

repaid all that it may spend in salaries The first Papuan contribution was £30, and traveling of missionaries for Sa- but this grew into one of considerably moa. The Society spends no money over £1,100 during the year 1927. In upon Samoa. When the Samoans un- addition, the people build their own dertook to do all this, they insisted churches and keep them in repair.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by U8 on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Nature of the Physical World. By A. Some of his statements are stagger- S. Eddington. C 8 vo. $3.75. Mac- ing. For example, we are told that the millan. New York. 1929. largest telescopes reveal about a thou- sand million stars; that there are so This handsome volume deals with many beyond present telescopic range one of the profoundest and yet most fascinating of mysteries. What is this that some estimates range from 3,000 universe of which we are a part? How to 80,000 million; that our sun is a very ordinary star compared with was it formed Z When did it start? stars which give at least 10,000 times How many stars are there? Are there its light; that although light travels many planets beside those in our solar at the rate of 186,000 miles a second, system? Are other parts of the uni- it has taken the light of the nearest verse inhabited, or is our earth the spiral nebula 850,000 light years to lone abode of man? These and kin- reach the earth; that biologists and dred questions are here discussed by geologists carry back the history of one of the greatest living scientists, the earth some thousand million years; the famous Professor of Astronomy in that the beginning of the sun as a Cambridge University, England. The luminous star must be dated five biltreatment is intended to be as popular lion years ago; that the universe is as the nature of the subject permits. running down and the sun losing its While much of the book is fairly easy light and heat by radiation and will reading, the author frankly says that ultimately lose so much that the earth "arguments of considerable difficulty will be rendered uninhabitable; but have to be taken in their turn." that it may continue as a star of in- creasing feebleness for 50 or 500 bil- The author reminds us that we must lion years – well, there are enough think of the material universe in a way statements of this kind to make an very different from that prevailing at ordinary reader gasp with amazement. the end of the last century; that our whole understanding of the physical But the author is far from any inworld has radically changed, that the tention to be sensational. He writes theory of relativity and the quantum soberly as a scientific man, to acquaint theory have led to strange new concep- his readers with the latest astronomtions; and that the progress of the ical knowledge. This is a great book, principles of thermodynamics has one of the most notable of modern conwrought more gradual but no less pro- tributions to the understanding of the found change. He tells us what these physical world by one of the most celechanges in scientific thought are and brated scientists of' the age, who finds what their philosophical outcome is. nothing in true science that is incom- His aim is to make clear the scientific view of the world at the present day, patable with religion, and who has and, where it is incomplete, to judge avowed his personal Christian faith the direction in which modern ideas as that of a Quaker. His book on appear to be tending. He then con- "Science and the Unseen World," siders the position which this scientific which is also reviewed in this numview should occupy in relation to the wider aspects of human experence, in- ber of the REVIEW, shows that he sees cluding religion. no conflict between science and re- ligion.

237

The Golden Bough. By Sir James George The New Catholic Dictionary. Compiled Frazer. C 8 vo. 752 pp. $5. Mac- under the direction of Conde B. Pallen, millan. New York. 1929. Ph.D., LL.D., and John J. Wynne, S.J., S.T.D., assisted by Charles F. Wemyss People who are interested in the Brown, Blanche M. Kelley, Litt.D., and myths, legends, folklore and traditions Andrew A. MacErlean, LL.B. 8 vo. of many peoples in various lands, and 1073 pp. $10. Universal Knowledge in the study of the numerous forms of Foundation. New York. 1929. magic, superstition and religion among primitive races, have long known of Protestants may well welcome this this monumental work – the most notable volume. Much of their prejuunique, complete and authoritative one dice against Roman Catholics in the in existence in this particular field. United States and much of Roman Many, however, who have longed to Catholics' prejudice against Protespossess it have been unable to do so tants are based upon misunderstandbecause hitherto it has been published ings. There are indeed important in twelve volumes at a price which was matters of faith and order upon which reasonable for a work of this magni- they widely differ and must continue tude but which was beyond the ability to do so. But they at least should of a large number of those who would have an intelligent idea as to what have liked to own it. Now, this those points really are and as to the numerous class can satisfy their de- reasons why each party holds to its sire, for the author has accomplished beliefs. They can then differ in a with remarkable success what might Christian spirit and each with due rehave been supposed to be the well-nigh gard for the sincerity of the other. impossible task of compressing within This volume is far and away the best the limits of one volume the enormous statement of the Roman Catholic posiwealth of material contained in the tion with which we are acquainted, and original dozen. The language of the as its editors are eminent Roman original text has been for the most Catholics, as it bears the imprimatur part preserved but in order to retain of the Cardinal Archbishop of New as much as possible, notes and ref- York, and as it is published under the erences to authors have been omitted. auspices of the editors of The Catholic The work is the fruit of more than Encyclopredia, it is authoritative. thirty years of profound and accurate study. Here are illuminating discus· The numerous articles were consions of the principles of magic and tributed by over 200 experts. They its relation to religion in history; the include every subject in religion, traevolution of kingship; the worship of dition, doctrine, morals, sacraments, trees and cereals; the propitiation of rites, customs, devotions and symbolgame and fish by savage hunters and ism; accounts of the Church in every fishers; the principles of taboo; the country, diocese and mission center; life and death of human gods; the religious orders, church societies, and custom of the scapegoat; the fire-fes- non-Christian religions. There are tivals of Europe; and the theory and articles on historical events and perpractice of the external soul. sonages in the Bible and on popes, prelates, priests, and laymen. The Golden Bough has already won such a recognized place in the The volume also contains articles on literature of superstition among primi- philosophy, psychology and education, tive races, classical folklore, anthro- on which there is a Catholic teaching, pology and comparative religion that canon law, ethics, social and political it is only necessary to acquaint the science, the arts which have served and readers of the REVIEW with the fact derived inspiration from religionthat it is now available in this com- painting, architecture, s cui p t u l' e, pact and comparatively inexpensive music, literature, artists and authors. The relation of science and religion is form. treated in special articles. It is a great advantage to have under one covel'

BOOKS WORTH READING

everything that one can wish to know gence and patience." The book is about this great Church. The pages complete, detailed and authoritative, are profusely illustrated and there are an indispensable aid to students and 12 fine maps. lovers of music.

Protestants will find here a rich Process and Reality. By Alfred N. Whitestore of valuable material. The wealth head. 546 pp. 8 vo. $4.50. The Macvf statistical information includes millan Company. New York 1929. Protestant churches as well as Roman Catholic. Each Protestant denomina- The author says in his Preface that tion is briefly described and its statis- "these lectures are based upon a retics given. We do not profess to have currence to that phase of philosophic carefully read all of the 1073 closely thought which began with Descartes printed pages of this monumental and ended with Hume. The philowork, but we have read enough to im- sophic scheme which they endeavor to press us not only with the ability and explain is termed the 'Philosophy of scholarship of the writers but with Organism.''' The book will be intertheir evident desire to be fair. We esting to advanced students of phiventure to suggest that the next time losophy and useful in the class rooms a Protestant hears or reads a criticism of graduate schools. The ordinary of some Roman Catholic teaching or reader will probably find it about as policy, he will be wise if he turns to difficult reading as a textbook on this volume and ascertains for himself higher mathematics. The author has just what the authorized position is evidently trained himself to think in on the question concerned. He may terms that relate to abstract ideas, and not agree with it, but he will under- his pages abound in technical words stand it at any rate, and not be de- generously supplied with prefixes and ceived by the wild distortions in the suffixes. He deals with various phases last presidential campaign. of philosophic thought and takes for granted a thorough knowledge of what The New Encyclopredia of Music and Mu- the great philosophers have taught sicians. Edited by Waldo Selden Pratt. from Plato to the present day. Readers C 8 vo. 970 pp. $3. Macmillan. New who have such knowledge will find the York 1929. book both interesting and valuable, This is a new and revised edition of and for them it was doubtless in- tended. Others will find it an intela work that first appeared several lectual struggle; but if they win years ago and that has won such a through, they will be well repaid. large place in the literature of music that a second edition is called for. A Pilgrimage to Palestine. By Harry The editor is universally recognized as Emerson Fosdick. 12 mo. 332 pp. one of the highest living authorities Macmillan. New York. $2.50. on musical matters. He is the musical editor of the Century Dictionary, This famous New York preacher is editor of the American supplement to at his best in this volume. He spent Grove's Dictionary of Music and four months in Egypt, Syria and Musicians, author of a History of Palestine, and he describes what he Music, and of numerous' other works. saw and felt with characteristic beauty This volume is a veritable mine of in- and clarity of diction and with a glow formation. It gives an amazing range of reverent feeling. It is not a mere and variety of facts. So competent a book of travel but a real contribution critic as the musical editorof the New to the literature of the places made York Times says that "this Encyclo- sacred by prophets and apostles and predia contains something about every- by the Lord of Life. He has supplied one and everybody in music; and, what the historical and biographical backis still more important, the means' are ground by identifying the places visitgiven for finding out more if more is ed with the scenes and events with wanted. The work is an extraordinary which they are forever associated, and achievement of scholarship, intelli- he has filled in gaps with a fine and

yet legitimate use of his imagination. The book lists and locates the tribes No other land in the world so teems of the Southern Continent and one is with inspiring associations, and Dr. startled by the number, ten million, Fosdick makes the whole wonderful with no Protestant missionary among pageant move before us, from Mt. them until 1913. Almost inaccessible Sinai to the Palestine of today, in a and absolutely neglected, they have series of graphic and thrilling chap- lived to themselves and in utter igno- ters. This is one of the most readable rance. Driven from the coast by in- and helpful books on Bible lands with coming whites, degraded into slavery, which we are acquainted. A bibliog- and thrust farther and farther back raphy, and indices of subjects, proper into the jungles, they had become names and s c rip t u r a I references haters of the white men who had come render the rich stores of material read- to them only to exploit and enslave.

ily available for future reference. Bitter poverty, crass ignorance, and fearful living conditions exist. Witch Palestine Today and Tomorrow. By John doctors, superstition and spirit wor- Haynes Holmes. 12 mo. 271 pp. $2.50. Macmillan. New York. 1929. ship are prevalent. But as we pro- This is "a Gentile's survey of Zion- ceed, we read of the humble but ultiism." He was invited to go to Palestine as the representative of Nathan mately successful formation of lives Straus, the generous benefactor of the Zionist Movement. He was thus able of the tribes among which the first to meet all leaders of the various communities, political and religious alike, mission was started. The book deamong Jews, Arabs, and British. It is upon this intimate experience that his scribes a modern romance of missions, book is based. He writes from the written in an entertaining style, and laying upon the home churches a re- sponsibility for a great field of endeavor among a persecuted and ex- ploited people. W. E. FINLEY.

viewpoint of warm sympathy with lib- Resident Orientals on the American Paci1lo eral Judaism, with whose leaders he Coast. Eliot Grinnell Mears. 646 pp.

is on terms of close fellowship. He is $3. Chicago. 1928. not indifferent to the dangers which beset the path of Zionism, but he be- Discussion of the Oriental problem lieves that, on the whole, it has a uni- in the United States has passed versal significance and that this sig- through three stages, emotional propnificance lies in Zionism's vindication aganda, official investigation and of man's insistence on a spiritual in- scientific stUdy. For many years, both terpretation of life, his belief in the attack and defense were extravatriumph over wrong, good over· evil, gant and undiscriminating. It was claimed that the "Chinese have no and spirit over flesh. souls" and that "no Japanese is either The Indians of South America and the honest or virtuous." On the other Gospel. By Alex. Rattray Hay. 167 hand, many enthusiasticaUy welcomed pp. $1.50. Revell. New York. 1929. an unrestricted immigration of Chi- This is a graphic narrative of the nese and Japanese, either from inter- hardships and struggles of the mis- ested or idealistic motives, hoping sionaries of the Inland South Amer- that the Orientals would contribute ican Indian Union who, in 1913, sought largely to the prosperity of America to reach the Indians of Brazil. It is a and would carry back to their own story of isolation and persecution. lands the blessings of Christian civil- Everything seemed to be against them. ization.

The distance from their kind, the diffi- . Within the last ten years, the emoculty of receiving supplies, the be- tIonal propaganda for and against the trayal by natives, the looming of ap- Orientals and the political exploitation parent impossibilities, and the utter of prejudice against them have largely loneliness are vividly told. subsided. The sociological experts are

The Missionary Review of the World — May 1928

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t~ !–l MISSIONARIES {) ~ A Gift that 1 I Pays an Income Read This, and Save Money I 3 3 3 Are you interested in missions? OUR Missionary Bureau has been 3 supplying Food, Clothing, House- 3 Are you able to give as much as hold Articles and Missipn Equipment 3 you would like? to Missionaries for more than half a 3 century.

3 Why not consider a gift from your capital New Missionaries may equip with 3 our guaranteed merchandise at sub- 3 that will pay you an income possibly stantial savings. All personal effects 3 larger than you now have? forwarded in one shipment. 3 3 No investment can be found which is 3 Special Discounts to Foreign Mission . 3 more secure than an Annuity Agree- Stations, Schools and Hospitals. Field 3 ment"of one of the Mission Boards of Secretaries, Purchasing Agents and Mission Boards are invited to request 3 the Methodist Episcopal Church. our lowest wholesale prices. Safe de- 3 livery of every order guaranteed. If you haven't a catalogue write today ~3 For further information write: for a FREE copy. Morri. W. Ehneo, Treasurer, Board of Foreign ~ Mi·sions of the Methodi,t Episcopal Church, 150 MONTGOMERY WARD & CO. ~ FIlth Avenue, New York, N. Y., or ~ W. J. Elliott. Treasurer, Board of Home Millions Missionary Bureau Chicago, I1linoit 3 and Church Extension of the Method;'t Epilcopal J Church, 170 I Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

S ~~~~ Please menUou TlDI MISSIONARY REVIEW 01' THm WOIUd> In writing to advertlserL THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD HARTFORD DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor MAY TABLE OF CONTENTS SEMiNARY FOUNDATION • PaDe Theological Seminary School of Religious Education COVER ……………………….. . Kennedy School of Missions DEDICATION OF A CHURCH IN PAPUA FRONTISPIECE …….•……••……

B.PTISMAL SIlRVICE IN NEW GUINIlA NEW GUINEA SAVAGES FOR CHRIST w. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, President • •..••.•••.••••• W. F. KRAUSHAAR 341 A UNIV&RSI'l'Y of religion. Three schoo1s of MISSIONARY HISTORY IN THE MAK- Christian training on one campus, The Theologi· ING ..••. MAy-JUNE REVIEW. 1878 345 cal Seminary trains for the ministry: the School of Missions for the foreign field: the School of THE "ONE SHEEP" ASSOCIATION IN Religious Education for the lay worker and teacher JAPAN •. THE OMI MUSTARD SEED 346 and for SOCial service. Courses in any of the three schools are open to all students. Thus opportunity WHAT IS THE MESSAGE OF THE is offered for a futI rounded professional training CHURCH? •.••. RORERT H. GLOVER 347 for religious leadership.

CHINESE CHRISTIANS WHO HAVE Hartford Seminary Foundation is located in the STOOD .. QUOTATIONS FROM LETTERS 351 center of the intellectual and cultural life of New England. half way between Boston and New York. INDIA. THE RUDDER OF ASIA ••••••• 356 A series of handsome and well-appointed build- PANDITA RAlIIABAI'S MUKTI MIS- ings makes its campus one of the most beautiful in SION ..•••..••.••••• WM. MOYSER 357 its section of the country. The Case Memorial Li· brary containing 200,000 volumes and pamphlets INDUSTRIAL WORKERS AND THE is fOT the use of the three schools. This is one of· Y. M. C. A. . ….. ·FRED H. RINDGE 361 the richest theological libraries in the country. The faculty is composed of thirty scholarly men and KNOWING GOD AND KNOWING SELF women who have attained distinction in their reo · ……….. SAD!"U SUNDAR SINGH 367 spective fields.

RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN MEXICO … Year Book and further information sent on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. W. TAYLOR 870 application to the DeanB, A SUCCESSFUL JAPANESE CHURCH …………… STEPHEN J. COREY 875 55 Elizabeth Street, Hartford, Conn• HOW WE TRAINED 30.000 CONVERTS …………… . M. A. LIVERMORE 877 FACTS FOR FUEL ……………….. 379 TOPICS OF THE TIMES ••..••.•..•••. 381 OBITUARY AWAKENING IN KOBEA. MRS. WILLIAM W. SCUDDER who, with her late husband, was a member of the NEW POLICIES IN JAPAN. Arcot Mission (South India) of the THE NANKING AGREEMBNT. Reformed Church in America from 1858 THE CASE OF MARSHALL FENG. until 1894, died at Glastonbury, Ct., February 6th, at the age of ninety-seven. OPPOSITION IN DAMASCUS. REV. ROBERT C*ASE* BE*EBE, M.D., medi- BEST MISSIONARY METHODS FOR cal missionary in China of the Methodist CHILDREN ………………. . • •••••••• lIARGARET T. ApPLIlGARTH 385 Episcopal Church for thirty-nine years until his retirement in 1923, died in WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN Clifton Springs, N. Y., on March 13th, • • EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 392 three days before his seventy-third birth- WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLE· TIN. EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN 395 WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK .. , ••••••• , •• 398 BOOKS WORTH READING •• , ••••••••• 413 day. ••• TERMS,-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of MRS. RICHARD HURST (Florence Scott five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted. Hurst) passed away on Tuesday, March 1928, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM- 6, 1928, after a brief illness. She is sur- PANY, INC. All rights reserved. vived by a husband and daughter. She brought to the foreign missionary enter- THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING prise the combined advantage of rich COMPANY, INC. spiritual background, extensive knowl- ROBERT E. SPEER, Pre8ident edge and deep personal interest. She Wn. LIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President was a regular contributor to the Junior Missionary Friend (a publication of the DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretcwy WALTER MCDOUGAIJL, Treasurer Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of Publication Office, 3d & Reily St., Harrisburg, the Methodist Episcopal Church) and, as Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. noted in a recent issue of the REVIEW, Editorial and Business Olllce, 156 Fifth Avenue had recently succeeded Mrs. E. C. Cronk New York City. ' as Chairman of the Department of Chil- Entered as second-class matter at the Post dren's Wo'l'k of the Federation of Wom- ~.mi~79:rarri.bUrg, Pa" under Act of March an's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF 'l'~E WORLD in wr1tlng to advertisers. COMING EVENTS 1 Kerrville, Texas-Aug. 2-9. Mrs. H. W. Hamilton, Cotulla, Texas. National Conference of Social Work, the Municipal Auditorium, Memphis, Lake Geneva, Wisconsin–June 25-July Tenn., May 2d t~ 9t~ i~clusive. 2.

·Interdenominational Bible Conference, Mrs. Henry HarmeIing, 24 East 107th St., Chicago, Ill. New York City, May 13th to 18th. St. Mrs. Lulu C. Hunter, 1021 So. Elm- Nicholas Collegiate Church, under the wood Ave., Oak Park, Ill. auspices of the Moody Bible Institute, Mil18 College, Oakland, California- of Chicago. No School of Missions in 1928. Mrs. Paul Raymond, 90 Santa Monica International M'" is's"ion*ary Union, Clif- Way, San Francisco, Calif. ton Springs, New York, May 30th to Minnesota (Minneapolis – St. Paul)- June 3d. *•* June 18-22. Mrs. A. W. Goldsmith, 944 Ashland General Assembly of the Church of the Ave., St. Paul, Minn. . Nazarene will meet in Columbus, Ohio, Mrs. F. F. Lindsay, 25 Seymour Ave., June 13th to 26th. '" S. E., Minneapolis. Mt. Hermon, California–July 21-28. '" Mrs. C. W. Brinstad, 2929 Lincoln World's Sunday-School Convention, at Way, San Francisco, Calif. Mountain Lake Park, Maryland–July Los Angeles, California, July 11 to 18, 27-August 2. 1928. Mrs. F. I. Johnson, 150 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. ConferenceB and SchoolB of Missions New Orleans, Louisiana–Nov. 5-9. Mrs. John S. Kendall, 1224 Octavia Affiliated with F.ederation of Woman's Boards St., New Orleans, La. of Foreign Missions and Council of Women S N';rthjield, Massachusetts (East North- for Home Missions. Dates and Chairmen. field)–July 5-13. I Baltimore, Maryland-Oct. 31-Nov. 1. Mrs. Charles E. Blake, 7 Angell Mrs. Peter Ainslie, 10 Hills, Balti- Court, Providence, R. I. more, Md. 2 Northjield, Massachu8etts–July 13-21. Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, Beverly, I Beaumont, Texas–Jan. 11-14. Mass. Mrs. J. D. Campbell, 390 Emile St., Oklahoma City, Oklahoma-In Septem- Beaumont, Texas. ber. Bethesda, Ohio–July 16-20. Mrs. Albertis Montgomery, 114 West Miss Mary I. Scott, 310 Tomlinson 22d St., Oklahoma City, Okla. Ave., Moundsville, W. Va. Mrs. Joseph Dupree, 1609 W. 19th Mrs. Love Sheets, 5th and Jefferson, St., Oklahoma City. Moundsville, W. Va. St. Petersburg, Floridar-In January, Boulder, Colorado–In June. 1929. Mrs. Henry F. Hoffman, 1318 E. Miss B. Louise Woodford, 930 10th Dakota St., Denver, Colo. Ave., N., St. Petersburg, Fla. Mrs. Frank I. Smith, 515 E. 11th Southern California (Los Angeles)- Ave., Denver. May 21-23. 3 Chautauqua, New York-August 12-17. Mrs. F. M. Buley, 800 Rome St., Los Mrs. John Ferguson, )05 East 22d Angeles, Calif. St., New York, N. Y. Mrs. Charles D. Hill, 1488 West 27th St., Los Angeles. 2 Chautauqua, New York-Aug. 19-24. 1 Warren, Ohio-Nov. 7-9. Mrs. Wm. A. Montgomery, 144 Dart- Mrs. George Konold, 227 Scott St., mouth St., Rochester, New York. Warren, Ohio.

4 Dallas, Texas (Negro)-October 1-5. Wi180n College, Chambersburg,. Pa.- Mrs. C. R. Boswell, 1719 Allen St., June 27-July 4. Dallas, Texas. Miss Mary C. Peacock, Torresdale, Dallas, Texas-October 1-5. Pa. Mrs. Merwin A. Stone, 4807 Swiss Ave., Dallas, Texas. Winona Lake–June 21-28. Mrs. Lulu C. Hunter, 1021 S. Elm- De Land, Florida–Jan. 30-Feb. 5, 1929. wood Ave., Oak Park, 111. Mrs. Dora Smith, 135 East New York Ave., De Land, Fla. 1 Atliliated with the Federation. 2 Foreign only. A1Iiliated with the Federa- Houston, Texas-Oct. 8-12. tion. Mrs. M. G. Stell, 1525 Michigan Ave., Houston, Texas. S Home only. Conducted by the Councll. Mrs. Chas. Fred Jewett, 406 SuI Rosa • Affiliated with the CouncIL Avenue, Houston, Texas.

Illinois – Missouri (Greenville, III.)- June 18-22.

Mrs. J. D. Bragg, 638 Oakwood Ave., Webster Groves, Mo.

SERVICE IN THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN MISSION IN NORTHEASTERN NEW

LI, No.5 May

NEW GUINEA SAVAGES FOR CHRIST • BY REV. WM. KRAUSHAAR, Aberdeen, South Dakota Seuretary of the BOMa of Foreign Mi ••ion., EVGngelfoa! Latll.,"an Byrow 01 loon M OST Americans associate the and a love that counted even death name of New Guinea with headhunting and cannibal- for naught in the passion which ism. In the history of mISSIons, however, this island of the South finds expression in the motto : Seas is associated with the gripping drama depicting the transfor- New Guinea for Christ! Never a mation of the bloodthirsty cannibal into a bearer of the gospel mes- thought of recalling the missionsage. It furnishes an added proof of the power of God's Word to aries and giving up the field. But transform the Papuan as well as the European or American. intercessory prayer rose daily to The period from 1886 to the the Mercy Seat and the workers at dawn of the new century was seedplanting time in New Guinea. It home and abroad vied with each was a time of heroic self-sacrifice and devotion on the part of the other in self-effacing sacrifice and pioneers on the field as well as on the part of the sending churches at devotion. At last the floodgates home. For more than ten years not one soul was won, and the work were opened and the parched souls seemed to be labor lost. Twentyfive graves dating from this decade of the lost sons and daughters of tell us the story of a faith, a hope, pagan New Guinea began to drink of the Water of Life. .

Since then the history of the Lutheran New Guinea Mission has been a record of victory. The hard- ships and losses of the beginning proved to be a Pentecost, and mourning has given way to rejoic- ing. It is now harvest time out there. During the war when the young Papuan church was thrown wholly upon the help from above, the Papuan Christians wrestled • A tine paper read at the Free General with God as did Jacob, and the Lord answered their prayer by inrsri:,e1~nFtr!~I~~~O~t~;~n 8gri~~~~ni~ganJ~~~:~~: ~:~~t~O't~~" vl~ro".f°rorK~~~B::t:::-bl:h:OB~~~ilM: creasing their own capacity for work, and by sending new friends tor the mission tleld which the Evangelleai from America and Australia who were to step into the breach and ~~~~'i:"e~::,~n':,~~!r~~w~h".:'r~~si:ii~'::~r~ga~lt:.,~ preserve the great work which ~~~~l!i ':ro'i::~ti~~nFre~~erth~a~e,:f G~I.!e,,:reo':,~ f:.:'l:'JI~¥. t~~ ~~c;:ta~n~"~E:.orelgn Mission 341

SOME P APUANS IN FULL DRESS their German brethren across the native hospital. The number of waters had begun. patients treated annually on the field is over 50,000. Today the Mission is in touch with about 150,000 natives. The One of the outstanding features native church numbers 20,000 of this mission is the growing Christians. Seven thousand ap- number of native evangelists and plicants for baptism are receiving teachers supported entirely by the their preparatory instruction. native church. Over 600 trained About 6,000 pupils are enrolled in and untrained helpers are thus bethe 200 village schools. The whole ing maintained either in the home work is directed from nineteen parish or out in new fields. Mismain stations which are manned sionary work that relies solely upon by over 100 adult workers. Each the white staff for the development station is surrounded by a group of the field will sooner or later come of substations at which native to a standstill. One of the first evangelists and teachers endeavor duties impressed upon the Papuan to be living epistles of the grace of Christians was that the love of God. Besides these nineteen sta- Christ must constrain them to betions, at which the evangelistic come messengers of the Gospel work is being carried on, there are which had liberated them from the a number of subsidiary stations bonds of sin. The congregations made necessary because of the were taught right from the beginprimitive condition of the island. ning that they must maintain these There are a printery and bindery, messengers and supervise their a saw-mill, two large stores, four work. Thus the churches of these plantations, two schooners, and young men are responsible for several health stations in the moun- them, select them, consecrate them, tains. Every station has a small install them in their fields, salary

NEW GUINEA SAVAGES FOR CHRIST

them and recall them. In order to number of tribes and clans have supply the increasing demand for thus far accepted this change, and trained teachers and preachers, have adopted the new language as these congregations support four the Gospel language. Large parts seminaries, one for each of the four language groups. These higher of the Bible have been translated schools are attended by almost 300 into these four languages, and the young men, the very cream of in- necessary textbooks for the schools telligence and devotion of Papuan have been printed. Each of these manhood. Our hopes for the evan- groups also publishes a monthly gelization of New Guinea rest, next church paper read by practically to God, upon the consecration of every Christian family. The arthis staff of native workers led by their teachers. ticles are furnished by native elders, teachers, and evangelists. One of the greatest handicaps to work in the South Sea Islands is The strongest material evidence the Babel of languages. Villages only five miles apart can hardly of the power of the Gospel in New understand one another. The Bible Guinea is the marked improvement and other necessary books cannot be translated into all of these in the standard of living. Sanitacountless dialects. Therefore the tion and hygiene have lowered the Mission has found it expedient to death-rate, especially infant morventure upon the introduction of tality. Formerly there had been no four community languages. A large communication between the vari~ ous clans and tribes. No roads were built to facilitate travel. On the contrary, the inherent fear with which the animistic religion MISSIONARY ZAHN PREACHING CHRIST TO THE PEOPI..E OF NORTHEASTERN NEW GUINEA

filled the hearts of the Papuans "Miti" (Gospel). In and around prompted them to hide their vil- Amele, thousands have petitioned lages in the densest jungle. The for teachers. In the Cromwell, as Gospel brought peace and the feel- well as in the Rawlinson Moun- tains, hundreds of tribes are urg- ing the missionaries to come over and help them. In the land of the Rube, there is a waiting list of 7,000. Among the Azera, 15,000 are welcoming the bearers of glad tidings. Five thousand of these at- tended the first baptism there in the year 1925. There are 15,000 natives at Malalo, and a like num- ber in the Waria Valley, waiting for the coming of the Gospel with hearts thirsting for the living God. Truly, "the harvest is plenteous,"

Senior Missionary of the Lutheran Mission A HEA'rHEN PAPUAN CHIEF in New Gnlnea. Went to the field in 1886; still the active leader of the and the cry is heard: "Send more Evangelical Lutheran Mission laborers into the vineyard!"

ing of security. Clans have moved The Lutherall Missloll In New Guinea Is lotogether and established large vil- cated at Huon Gulf on the NortheafJtern Coast lages with churches and schools. of 'British New Guinea. In 1925 the staff' COD- Since they desired to send their slsted of 120 missiona ries In twenty stations messengers of peace into the and 116 branch stations. Native helpers Dum· hinterland, they began to build bered 635, pupils 5,709. and Papuan Commuroads and bridges, at the same time nicants Of715. improving their homes and fields. In every relation of life they have tried to correlate their actions to the principles taught in the Word of God.

This marvelous change is affecting not only small groups but the entire population living along the coast and in the immediate hinterland to a depth of about fifty to seventy-five miles of northern New Guinea. On the large island of Dampier, 9,000 souls are desirous of hearing and embracing the

HISTORY IN THE

As RECORDED IN THE REVIEW FOR MAy-JUNE, 1878 An offer from Robert Arthington of Leeds, England, of $5,000 to the English Baptist Missionary Society to open a mission on the River Congo. (Now 9,230 communicants and 24,000 Christian … * … community.) The Established Church of Scotland selects a site at Blantyre, in Central Africa, for a mission station in honor of David Livingstone. (Now 8,400 communicants and 16,941 Christian community.) … … …

Dr. J. J. Scott, Methodist missionary of Bareilly, India, protests against the proposal t…o dimi n i sh…m i s si o n ar y forces in India.

…

Severe famine reported in China, in Shansi, a province as large as England; an appeal for funds comes from Protestant missionaries to help between three and four million sufferers.

.. * …

A General Conference on Foreign Mission called to meet in Mildmay Park, London, England, October 21 to 26, 1878.

… … …

A telegraph line proposed from Khartum to South Africa. A line already in operation from Alexandria to Khartum and from Capetown to Delagoa Bay. The gap to be connected said to be only 2,600 miles. ………

A conflict with natives in East Africa causes Italian exploring expedition to abandon the .a.. ttemp… t. …

The Church Missionary Society reports large success in its new Uganda Mission on Lake Victoria. (Now 36,909 communi- cants.) … _ … • Slavery in Egypt is reported-three boats laden with slaves, tied together, pass down the Nile between Assiut and Cairo.

… … …

The cost of war computed for twenty-five years (1853 to 1877), involving 1,950,000 lives lost, $12,065,000,000 in money expended. America's bill in the recent World War to date is $48,000,000,000. ………

Rev. Otis Cary, of the American Board, sails to take up work in Japan. … … …

Dr. Alexander Duff, veteran pioneer to India of the Presbyterian Free Church of Scotland, died at Sidmouth, England, February 12th, at the age of seventy-two. He was the first missionary of his church to India, saili..n. g in…Octob…er, 1829.

The American Baptist Missionary Union reports 138 missionaries (today the American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society reports 794); 63,445 native communicants (today 269,161); baptized during the year 5,604; total receipts during the year $238,- 771 (last year $1,581,665); and debt $47,361-promptly extinguished at the Annual Meeting. (Deficit last year, $278,100.) 345

"ONE-SHEEP ASSOCIATION" IN JAPAN·

T HE self-limited field of the Not only have evangelistic meet- Omi Mission is the small ings been held and the cause of province of Omi-Iying iso- temperance set forward, but also, lated by a girdle of mountains in for the first time in the memory the center of the Japanese Empire, of those engaged in the undertak- and never honored until very ing, the term "Christian" has recent years by a resident mission- achieved a new and honored con- ary, because it is a rural district. notation among the best non- About two years ago a Japanese Christian people 6f the commu- lawyer, who was recuperating his nity.

health in Kyushu, the most popu- Among their activities for tem- lar Spa of Japan, while searching perance is the effort to have only in a book store for something to "dry" chauffeurs employed on pub- read, came upon a book by Mr. E. lic conveyances. One of the results V. Yoshida, of the Omi Mission, of a recent visit from members of describing the beginnings and the the Omi Mission was the extension principles of the Mission. Al- of this endeavor by the placing of though not himself a Christian, he notices on the cars of the leading had Christian acquaintances and sight-seeing bus line reading: knew something about the Faith; "Safety First-Only Temperance but he had no practical and vital Drivers." As even the most hope- understanding of it. The challenge lessly sake-soaked sot alive will of the principles of this Mission feel more secure behind a sober won him almost on the spot. He chauffeur, the constant beholding saw a vision of attempting a simi- of that legend is bound to do more lar demonstration of Christianity to promote temperance than much in the place where he was. He in- public oratory. It is not incon- terested every Christian of any de- ceivable that the people may yet nomination he could find in the conclude that it would be safer also idea of an interdenominational, or- to have sober heads at the helm of ganized effort. The result is the State!

"One-Sheep Association" of Beppu. A railway station master near The name is taken from the par- Beppu lost his life in trying to able of the "Lost Sheep." The save the life of a drunken pas- members are prominent men and senger. This One-Sheep Associa- women from the several small tion presented the station with a churches of the city and a few silver vase-in memory of the sympathetic outsiders. The object brave martyr, to be kept on the is to promote fellowship among be- desk where he used to sit and al- lievers, to benefit by addresses of ways kept supplied with wild prominent visitors, and to push flowers from the fields near by-on various types of practical Chris- which is recorded the fact that the tian activity for the good of the sacrifice was caused by another's community. drunkenness. Thus a perpetual temperance lesson is put before ·From the Om; Xu.tard·Seed, Haehlman, the public.

lapan.

346

IS THE MISSION OF THE CHURCH?

BY REV. ROBERT H. GLOVER, M.D., F.R.G.S., Germantown, Pa. AS8istant Home Director for North A.merica 0/ the Chi11a Inland Mt.ss10n W HAT impression concerning mitted to be a most important ob- the chief aim and objective jective. of the Christian Church Or it may be claimed that the would an intelligent but unin- aim includes serving the commu- formed non-Christian visitor gath- nity of which the church is a part, er from the regular services and by uplifting its morals, purifying the normal round of activities of its social life, elevating its busi- any of the typical Protestant ness principles and polities. There churches in America? can be no question as to the duty Or what would the pastors or of the church to exert strong in- leading members of many of these fluence upon the right side of every churches describe as the real aim moral, social and industrial issue.

and objective of the Church? From And yet, when due recognition fairly wide observation, it would has been given to each of these seem that many pastors and their factors – personal evangelism, churches have not given this mat- Christian culture and community ter much serious thought. Many service-it still remains that even church meetings, organizations all three of these together do not and activities have no very clear fulfill or exhaust the true New Tes- or definite controlling objective. tament aim and mission of such a How, then, can the success of church. They are all good but they any church be determined? Is it do not go far enough.

by the number of members on the Any church which is in actuality roll? Or by the attendance upon what it is in name-a Christian the services? Or by the financial church-is in the very nature of receipts? Or by the variety of the case committed to Christ to activities? Good as these things bear its full share in the task of may be, no one of them, nor yet the carrying out His great plan and sum of all of them, can be regarded purpose in the world. The local as a safe criterion of success. For church as a constituent part of the this can be measured only by the Church universal must have an achievement of an aim, the accom- identity of aim with it. The true plishment of a purpose. mission of any local church can What then is the legitimate and be discovered only by discovering worthy aim or purpose of a local the God-ordained mission of the Christian church? It may be entire Christian Church.

stated, that the aim is to bring The book of the Acts gives us men to Christ. No one will deny the inspired record of the found- that this is a true and vital func- ing of the Christian Church by her tion of every Christian church. risen Lord, and of the beginnings Or the aim may be said to in- of b.er Hfe and ministry under the clude the building up of the mem- leadership of the Holy Spirit.

bers in Christian faith and The first chapter gives account experience. This likewise is ad- of the contacts and conferences of 347 Christ with the apostles during enjoined by Him upon the Church? that memorable forty-day period Can any thoughtful Christian fail between His resurrection and His to see that the one thing which was ascension. This was His last op- filling the heart and engaging the portunity to instruct and prepare thought of our Lord during His them for the human leadership of last days, and even His latest mothe Church which He had founded. ments, upon earth was the giving Surely, at such a time, He would of the Gospel to the whole world? emphasize the things most central Can we escape the most obvious and vital to the new institution conclusion that Christ founded the which was to bear His name and Christian Church· upon the Great to represent Him on earth. He Commission as its charter, and that spoke to them "of the things per- just as every human institution taining to the Kingdom of God." must abide strictly by the terms of its charter or forfeit its right His One Theme any longer to exist, so the Church When we look to see the particu- of Christ only so long as she conlar things of which He spoke we sistently observes the terms of her find that one thing alone is men- divine charter by being diligently tioned. This one thing is recorded engaged in her appointed task of not merely once but actually five carrying the Gospel to all the different times, namely, here in world can rightly be called by Acts and in each of the four Gos- Christ's name, or claim the prompels as well. And this one thing ise of His continued presence and is the Great Missionary Commis- power, upon which her very life sion. In Matthew it runs: "Go ye and work depend? …… and teach all nations." In Mark: "Go ye into all the world, Christ's promise "Lo, I am with and preach the gospel to every you always" follows and grows dicreature." In Luke: "That repent- rectly out of His command, "Go ance and remission of sins should ye, therefore, and teach all nabe preached among all nations." tions." Similarly, His promised In John: "As My Father hath sent gift of the Holy Spirit's power me, even so send I you." In the (Acts 1: 8) is associated distinctfirst of the Acts, Christ brushes ly with the task enjoined of being aside the apostles' irrelevant discussion of certain "times and sea- His witnesses unto the very ends sons," and presses upon their of the earth. attention the all-engrossing task which faces them of being His wit- It is clear that the missionary nesses "both in Jerusalem, and in enterprise, is no side issue, no secall Judea, and in Samaria, and un- ondary affair, not merely one of to the uttermost part of the earth." a number of equally important, or unimportant, things; it is the pri- Could anything be more signifi- mary thing, the main drive. cant than the fact of this inspired fivefold record of the Great Com- The early Church "continued mission given by the risen Christ steadfastly in the apostles' doctrine to His followers, coupled as it is and fellowship, and in breaking of with the silence of Scripture as to any other task or responsibility bread, and in prayers." (Acts 2: 42.) That is to say, the Church had her gatherings for worship and fellowship, had her doctrinal preaching and teaching for tiui instruction and edification of her ure up to that part in the enter- members, had her sacred ordi- prise which they ought to assume.

nances of baptism and the Lord's A multitude of our home Supper, and all the so-called churches need to see their relation "means of grace." But these were to world evangelization in an en- not meant to be regarded as the tirely new light. They need to see Church's mission. They were not that their assignment of responsi- in themselves an end, but only so bility as units in the combined many means toward an end. The Christian forces is properly repre- Church was not designed to be a sented not by tiny detached blocks reservoir, ever receiving and re- of territory in certain. favored taining for itself God's spiritual towns or rural districts here in blessings, but a conduit conveying America, but rather by narrow them on and out to others every- swaths girdling the entire globe.

where. Her true mission was, and Each local church is to share the must ever continue to be, the same life, the aim, the mission of the as her Lord's-to seek and save entire Church, and to project itself the lost, wherever these are to be in some vital manner into the found. . whole world.

If Christians are really the light A striking illustration of this of the world, they are not simply unity of aim and effort, as between enjoying that light, snugly shut up the whole and its constituent parts, within the comfortable lighthouse is afforded by such a commercial of the Church; they are to be flash- concern as the Standard Oil Com- ing out that light far and wide, pany, whose field of operation ex- that mariners in peril upon a sea tends, like that of the Church, may see it and be guided to safety. literally the world around. The The Church an Army writer has met this company's de- pots and agents in the far interior Is the Church actually a Chris- of a number of distant mission tian army? Then its chief func- fields. But wherever they are met, tion is not merely to maintain drill, whether in North America or in target practice and dress parade the remotest corner of the globe, within the barracks. It is a spir- it is at once apparent that their itual army of conquest, engaged aim, their object is one-they exist in an offensive warfare on a world strictly to sell oil. That is the su- scale, pressing the claims of Christ preme end in view with the central and assisting Him in achieving His organization in America, in keep- glorious purpose for the whole hu- ing with its charter, therefore that man race. also is consistently the end in view How can this truth be brought with every station, big or little, home to the local church of today, near or far, the world over.

with conviction to the conscience A missionary writing from Manand inspiration to the heart? churia tells of seeing displayed by While some local churches have a Standard Oil depot away up there caught the world vision and are the ambitious slogan: "Get The cooperating nobly in the mission- Light to Every Dark Corner of ary enterprise, such churches are the World," Is there not in this a sadly small minority. The large a rebuke and challenge to the majority have not begun to meas- churches of Christ? The fact confronts us that throughout Asia and the heart and will of God's people Africa are found multitudes of being fully enlisted.

towns and villages lighted with the The key to the missionary prob- kerosene oil of the West, but with- lem lies peculiarly with the home out the light of the saving Gospel pastors, who hold the God-given of Christ. office of leadership for the instruc- Merely deploring the fact will tion, inspiration and guidance of serve no useful end. The impor- the people of God in their life and tant thing is to locate the difficulty service. Christians as a rule do with a view to its correction. not go beyond their leaders, in While there may be other factors knowledge, in zeal or in consecra- which contribute to the failure of tion. The pastor holds a position the Church to have carried out of sacred privilege and solemn re- more expeditiously and thorough- sponsibility. More than any other, ly her missionary obligation, yet he can influence missionary re- it is our conviction that the prime cruiting, giving and praying. But cause is to be traced to those pas- that influence will be exerted only tors and church members who have in the measure in which he himself never conceived of the mission of has caught the missionary vision.

the Church of Christ in its true The need for a mighty spiritual and broad proportions, who have revival in our churches is being never "lifted up their eyes" from voiced on every side, and for this their local interests, to think, feel, much earnest prayer is being made pray and act in terms of the whole to God. Is it not also important world. to appreciate that the actuating Some of the home churches have motive for such prayer, and the caught the true missionary vision supreme objective of such revival, and spirit and have contributed so should be not merely spiritual re- much toward world evangelization, freshing for our own souls but, as in the sending forth of their own the result of this, the carrying out sons and daughters and in support- more effectively of God's purpose ing them by sacrificial offerings through us for a lost and unevan- and faithful prayers, that one gelized world? True revival must thrills at the thought of what the always call us back to the will of result would be if every home God. A genuine spiritual revival church were to adopt the same must therefore issue in a mission- standard. ary revival. When such revival Our Forces and Resources comes, the problem of missionary recruits and support will be solved, The Protestant churches of a new volume of missionary inter- North America alone have ample cession will link up the Church to forces and resources to carry out the omnipotence of God, so that their Master's commission within the whole enterprise of world the limits of the present genera- evangelization will move firmly tion. Never before were adven- forward to its consummation.

titious features of every kind so favorable, while the provision of They who know God and obey Him divine leadership and power absolutely can reckon on Him with certhrough the Spirit remains the tainty and confidence. He will not fail same as ever. It is a matter of the soul that ventures wholly on His all- sufficiency.-F. B. Meyer.

CHRISTIANS WHO HAVE STOOD*

D URING the present period of Last spring the communists revolution in China, many near Nanchang (Hupeh) were Christians have been the ob- planning to kill a number of leadject of criticism and scurrilous ing men, including an old Chrisattacks which have meant physical tian. Knowing that his property stress and spiritual suffering. At would be confiscated, he determined the same time they have bravely at least to save his Bible. He made taken up the load dropped on their it up in a bundle, dug a hole in the shoulders through the enforced ground and buried it, saying to evacuation of the missionaries. In his son, "If they kill me, you know most cases the incidents given be- that our Bible is buried here. While low are in the words of those who you are not able to read the book, reported them. your son is learning and can read it to you." * '" '" '" '" '" An evangelist in a Hengchow (Hunan) country field, disregard- Pastor Wang in Nitsei, who ing the orders of the local mer- lived near Siangyang, Hupeh, was chants' guild, boldly preached threatened again and again by the Christ in the chapel. He was ar- communists. Finally the Chrisrested, his hands were tied behind tians advised him to leave and save his back, and he was made to wear his life. But he prayed to God a high hat-a symbol of humilia- about it and felt that it was his tion. The courage and grace with duty to stay. By the mercy of God which he bore this trial brought he was spared and is holding his his persecutors to shame, and since ground to this day.

then services in the chapel have * '" '"

been well attended and no further Pastor Liang in Changsha was obstructions have been offered. surrounded by enemies and his Elder Wu of the Lei yang church life was threatened, but a verse of was killed, because he was rich and Scripture came to his mind which a Christian. strengthened him. He said to his '" '" '" enemies: "I will not leave, come The wife of one of the Chen- what may; I am going to stand by chow (Hunan) preachers was told my work." He was spared and is by the chairman of the labor union, continuing his work.

who had been a preacher, that they '" '" '"

would better leave as it might not When the foreigners left Lintbe possible to get away later. Mrs. sing, Shantung, the assistant was Chiang answered: "Why should I made superintendent. He had leave? I have done nothing to be hardly any knowledge of accountashamed of. If I have to die I ing, and only casual knowledge of might as well die here." Her cour- the hospital finances. The acage has been richly rewarded. The counts, check books, and all corre- work has not been interrupted. spondence were placed in his hands, • Incidents taken mainly from the corre- with only an untrained bookkeeper SP0.:l:dt~~eB~~tf:~ ~:dnF~~e~';°Btbr. "s~~1!i':~1~ R.to help him. Five armies passed 361

through Lintsing during the sum- Chao," they said. "He stood at the mer, all of them furnishing many door of the chapel, which was full soldiers as patients, some of them of 500 women and children, and disposed to be disorderly. One kept out the soldiers when every army came through bringing an one else ran. Twice they pointed epidemic of relapsing fever. The their guns at him and once fired year will show 20 % more patients over his head. 'If you intend to and 15% more operations than last harm these women,' he said, 'you year, despite a heavy fall of snow must kill me first.' The Whole vil- which made work very light for lage is going to present him with six weeks in the late winter. The a large wooden tablet of apprecia- hospital was so busy during the tion."

absence of the foreigners that no *** one took a vacation until their re- Mr. 'Chu Chi-chang (a graduate turn. No salaries were raised dur- of Nanking University and now in ing this period, not even those charge of the church at Fudong) promised by previous contract. is a member of the Kuomintang More money was given by local Party but when they came and Chinese supporters than usual, and asked him to help in some organi- by a greater number of individ- zation, he refused because he did uals. not feel the party was true to its *** principles. When he was asked, At the village of Changteng, the "What principles?" he said, "Reli- soldiers looted for two days. Wom- gious liberty. You take churches en and children fled to the chapel and do not let the Christians wor- yard, where a young preacher, just ship in them. I am a Christian and out of school, was in charge. He I cannot help the party unless it called in the leading men of the does differently."

village, organized a refuge for *** women and children and a recep- The last letter sent from Pastor tion committee for invading troops. Sun of Hwaiyuan, Anhwei, tells of Refugees filled the chapel and the the siege, when a portion of the school and overflowed into a neigh- roof of the Girls' School was shot boring yard. This village of about away by a cannon ball. Soldiers 5,000 inhabitants was looted and looted and pillaged all through the the losses were over $100,000. The city, fires destroyed between eight Christian refuge protected over hundred and a thousand homes; 1,000 women and children and was two plain clothes men were shot the only place not looted. down by their enemies in the mis- *** sion chapel and another was be- At Wei Ts'un just behind the headed on the front steps; another battle line, homes were filled with was shot to death at the back gate, soldiers. Hardly had the smoke of the evangelist in charge nearly los- battle cleared away when a delega- ing his life at the same time. Pas- tion from this village came in to tor Sun wrote: "After the Sunday- express their appreciation of what school was over, I heard that there the preacher had done. These call- was a battle in progress on the ers were the village head of police, Boys' School athletic field and that the school teacher, and gentry. several soldiers had been killed.

"No one could have equalled Mr. . … On Wednesday we had prayer-

CHINESE CHRISTIANS WHO HAVE STOOD

meeting as usual, and the spiritual his money was safe, but another atmosphere was a 'taste' of com- pirate came and took his shoes off munion with God. Faith was his feet, and the notes were found!

strengthened a hundredfold…… I He was put on the sampan with live in the midst of deep water and the men who were taken away and hot fire, which forces me daily to kidnapped, but he knelt down and a closer communion with God. I prayed aloud. Then the kidnapped find deeper and richer flavor in the men asked the pirates to put him study of the Scriptures than I ever off because he was demented. So did in times ..o. f p… eac…e and quiet." he was put back onto the ransacked passage boat and when the pirates "Nearly all of the Bible colpor- had left her, a friendly launch came teurs have passed through more or and towed her… ba..c. k t…o Canton." less persecution this year, and Mr.

Sie seems to have had an extra "Mo Min-shan, formerly a Tao- share. He has been cursed on the ist priest, was converted at one of streets, refused lodgings at night, the mission chapels, and after a set upon by mobs, driven out of period of probation was employed town and warned of cruel treat- by the mission as a gate-keeper.

ment should he dare to return His activities in spreading the again. In the middle of the year Good News of salvation led to his he visited the market town of T'eng being appointed as a colporteur, Ts'iang some hundred and twenty and he has done good service. He li north of Nanning. On entering covers a very large area which this market he was held up by the means long journeys, and absence local militia of the Nationalist from the station continually. He party (Tang-pu) who searched him is a brave man, endures hardship and his baggage. Finding that he and faces difficulties with courage, was carrying gospels, the soldiers carrying on his work in face of cursed and reviled him and would opposition. Flood, drought, armies have probably thrown him into and bandits are causes of hindrance j ail had not the head village elder and at times he has to seek refuge, come forward and ordered him to to go forth again when hindrances " be released. This elder warned have disappeared." him, however, that if he ever made … …

his appearance again he would re- The anti-Christian and anti-for- ceive different treatment. Colpor- eign agitators have been exception- teur Sie praised the Lord for this ally busy, and yet the great bulk deliverance and forthwith left for of the Chinese have remained Wuming." friendly and well-disposed. Bible colporteurs have been threatened … " " "An Shang (colporteur) in Jan- and called "foreign dogs" and "for- uary of this year was robbed of eign slaves" and yet the Bible cir- everything. His boat was pirated, culation has been larger than ever.

several of the better-class passen- In spite of all the opposition and gers were kidnapped and every- all the lies that have been told, the thing of value was taken from the work has gone on as usual. It is ship. He had hidden his Hongkong a joy to know, should we be forced dollar notes in his shoes, and when eventually to leave the province, the pirates took his coat he thought that, scattered here and there all 2

over the country are thousands and dered by ruffians. The school was thousands of silent messengers reopened on February 24, 1927, ready to point people to the way of with a depleted staff. Rumors were the Cross. rife. On the morning of March *** 24th a mob broke into the com- The dark cloud which settled pound and threatened the students over Nanking has a radiant lining. with dire consequences unless they In a most remarkable and heart- joined the communists. They re- ening manner stUdents, servants, fused and after an hour and a half Christians and even some non- of fruitless agitation the mob left.

Christians stood by their threat- On May 30th a radical remnant of ened foreign friends, at times the anti-foreign and anti-Christian willingly risking their own prop- party rushed up to the gate, but erty and lives. This loyalty was the naval guard blocked the gate- not the experience of a few only way and succeeded in cooling off but of all. One Nanking mission- the rioters. The loyalty of the ary remarked that the loyal friend- students to the institution and the ship manifested throughout the foreign staff was remarkable.

unanticipated tragedy almost made *** the experience worth while. One Miss Delia Ru, the young Chi- building contractor responded to nese who was left without funds the request of a missionary friend for carrying on the work of the for a loan with which the threats Gracie Kingham Memorial School, of the looters might be averted only enlisted volunteer teachers and has to have his own house looted; he kept school tuition-free for several was also forced to go into hiding. months, thereby preventing the At a moment when another mis- confiscation or occupation of the sionary was ringed about with mission property and giving an rifles and facing the demand, unusual demonstration of Chris- "Your money or your life," two tian service and courage. She is Chinese young men appeared and bitterly attacked by occasional pled for his life. One of them writers in the papers, but the work opened his coat and exposed his she is doing is obviously of such own defenseless body as a pledge high character that no one inter- for his foreign friend. For some feres.

the ricksha man's humble hut pro- *** vided shelter. To keep their Association going *** most of the seven Y. M. C. A. sec- Hwa Nan College (Methodist), retaries in Chengtu gave up a at Foochow, has passed through month's salary. The head of the the agitation in an inspiring way. Construction Department of Nan- As a result of the looting by a king University refused the posi- group of Nationalist soldiers on tion of municipal engineer even January 16, 1927, the school was though it meant a doubling of his closed and the foreign faculty, with salary. In Hangchow all the sec- the exception of two, left. During retaries of the Y. M. C. A. and the time between the passing of Y. W. C. A. accepted 10% to 20% the Northern and the coming of cuts in salaries. In another Asso- the Provisional Government, the ciation all the secretaries, from the teacher of Mandarin was mur- general secretary down, on their

own initiative reduced their own was among the first on the Red salaries to a uniform rate of Mex- List, but running away did not fit ican $30 a month. A girls' school in with Shih's code. He remained principal reports a fifty per cent at the Association till they came reduction in teachers' salaries, in- and got him.

cluding her own. "As soon as Shih had been dis- '" '" '" posed of, soldiery quartered them- selves in the new building, stabled The principal of the junior mid- their horses in the restaurant to dle school in Jenshow, Szechwan, feed upon the imported window said, "I will deal with (the diffi- casings, and made away with sevculties) to the best of my strength eral hundred dollars' worth of new and ability, no matter what arises tables and chairs. The foreign sec- I will not give up." Noting his retary's residence was taken over demeanor in the face of threaten- by the New Youth Club, which ing demands the students said, "If used it most effectively for the it comes to violence, the principal amusement of the young and the will be the first to get in. If he is not afrai<l we need not worry." breakdown of China's ancient tra- dition of isolating the sexes.

* * '" "It was no time for any ordi- "Shih was on the staff of the nary man to interfere, but Lan Liu leading Nanchang daily w hen is no ordinary man. By vocation Frank Lenz induced the editor to an Episcopal clergyman and by send him to cover the Y. M. C. A.'s avocation President of the Y. M.

25th Anniversary Convention in C. A., he called together the few Tientsin in 1920. The Y interested remaining members of the board him. He became a Christian and who had not found it advisable to later business secretary. Natural- leave town and arranged to invite ly fearless and resourceful, his those radical leaders who were varied experiences have taken him causing our troubles to a dinner.

all over China and into all sorts of Then they pointed out to their situations. guests that Shih had done nothing "One night, two years ago, he but his duty and that the program stood off a gang who tried to rush of the Association was entirely un- a Y entertainment. Of course he selfish and for the welfare of so~ knew that they would get him, and ciety. Not being as well grounded that night they did. It was two as they should have been in the in the morning before he was doctrines of Karl Marx, nor in the found, half dead, bruised and various Moscow manifestoes urg- bleeding, in the outer court of the ing immediate elimination of the school for the sons of officials. Y. M. C. A., they were completely "One of the first moves in the won over. Shih was released after attack on the Association was the only six days in prison, though his making of alluring offers to the cell-mates were held till the de- Chinese secretaries. Shih refused parture of the communists. Our to be tempted by any of these, and erstwhile enemies joined them- was left with sole responsibility for selves with the board in organiz- both the Y. M. C. A. and the for- ing a 'Save the Y. M. C. A. So- eign residence property. Friends ciety,' and ordered the staff to gave him warning that his name carryon."

INDIA-THE RUDDER:OF

By BISHOP BENTON T. BADLEY, Lucknow, India I NDIA is the great rudder of Asia. Geographically, it is central, reach- ing out to China and Japan on the east; to Arabia and Egypt on the west; to Mesopotamia, Asia Minor and Persia on the northwest, and to Central Asia on the north. What is done in India must ultimately touch all Asia.

In religion, India has always been Asia's spiritual leader-and still is. India is the land where the supreme contest between three great religions of the world must take place. These religions are Hinduism, Mohamedanism and Christianity; and in no other land or continent are they all represented so powerfully. The contact comes in India.

India has 217,000,000 Hindus, 66,000,000 Mohamedans and 4,000,000 Christians. The supreme question is: Which of these is to rule the destiny of this great land? As goes India, so goes Asia.

The greatest awakening Asia has ever known is taking place in India today and, the development is made possible under the stable and enlightened control of Great Britain. The Noncooperators, under the fantastic and fanatical guidance of their leaders, have tried to stampede India into' a wild, premature rush into a nominal independent republic. But India's intelligent people are watching China's rash attempt in that direction, and they are in no hurry to have China's chaos introduced into India. Ninety per cent of India's men and ninety-eight per cent of her women are wholly illiterate, so that the conditions of a safe and enlightened democracy under independent Indian control are not yet present.

Under the tuition of the British, with their educational system and the free institutions of an enlightened ciVilization, India has enjoyed unusual advantages. The natural result of Western ideals and Christian progress is a new national spirit, striving for untramelled, independent expression. With this spirit pervading the land, India's people have entered upon a new era, in which the foundations of Home Rule are being laid. The nation is plastic; the hour of change has come. This is the supreme opportunity of Truth; therefore of Christianity.

Twenty-five years ago, the Hindu father was still asking whether a girl was worth educating. He has ceased to ask that question. Ten years ago, the caste system seemed to have yielded very little to the pressure of Christian teaching and Western civilization: today, many of the strongest opponents to caste are found among the Hindus themselves. It is still comparatively rare for a Hindu widow to be remarried: but the exceptions are becoming more frequent and attract less attention.

India's widows will yet be liberated.

India is also the supreme meeting-place of the West and East. Europe and America have sent some of their strongest sons and noblest daughters to India, and here they have met and mingled with India's best. This has brought about a new international situation. India has become the great interpreter of the West to the East aWndestthewEillasbtetoimthmeeWaseusrta.blWy heenn- East has been brought to her best, the riched.

The eyes of the world are on India. Indian Christian men and women, are not only working for a pure and power-filled Indian Church, alert to the opportunities of the new era, but are also looking for the supreme national movement that will make India a Christian nation.

856

HAPPY BLIND GIRLS AT RAMABAI'S MISSION

PANDITA RAMABAI'S MUKTI MISSION * BY REV. WM. MOYSER, Akola, Berar, India Mi88ionat·y of the Ch1~sUan and JIi!l€iona.ry Ania:nce RAMABAI'S father, a very or- position or be put out of caste. By thodox Brahmin priest, was an overwhelming shew of learning he routed his enemies and proved also a real reformer. He his position; hence he was not excould not see why women and peo- communicated. pIe of other castes should not be allowed to read and write the San- A daughter, Ramabai, was born skrit literature, so he retired to the to this couple in the year 1857, and jungles and there he taught his from her childhood was taught by own' young wife that sacred litera- her parents the Hindu sacred texts ture, such as the Puranic and and quotations from the Puranas Vedic books. For this he was and Vedas. It is said that she brought before the head priest and could quote correctly over 20,000 a large body of Brahmin pundits, of them. She became wise beyond to whdtn he had either to prove his her years as she daily listened to • Having just visited Muktl to hold a Ioeal the learned pundits who visited ~~~~~~t:;. i::~~.l'e~ i~:~ei ~I~hth::!nfhe"!;~~ her father. Both parents died in fta:!~~:i, Cltli:t', v~r:e';em~~k~bl:~uo~i:.n~i~~ the dreadful famines of the seven- ~~eofme:~:tt t~h:o~ed~~n~~:s ~~tal'~~~~ ~~~ ties, and she and her brother have grown up without heartng much of her. wandered on from place to place Many have beard of such ruen as George as pilgrims and as teaching and 1IImler, but the Inte Pandlta Ramnbal was In reading prI•ests. In this way she Bome sense as great as be. A great man of traveled over nearly all of India faith he was, but he had nearly 2,000 years ~fOJ~sh!'m:lfi~I~. be~':~d!~!mBt:~gs <;'~~isi~~eDf~ ~;~::f~~~i~~~ ·'t'il~ h~~~e~oro~h~rw~~~ ng~o~~: and Burma. In 1873 they arrived awgoariknstth!alterb; asanfdewyeetqusahIes, .-uWnd.eMr .God, did a in Calcutta, and soon she became 86'7

famous as a Hindu lecturer and properly, she learned Hebrew and scholar, and before a great gather- Greek. She has also scattered ing of pandits she gained the title freely thousands of Bibles, Testaof Sarasvati, or Doctor of Hindu ments and Gospels throughout Philosophy and Theology, the only Western India; in addition to woman that has so earned that hymns and other literature. She title. She lost her faith in Hindu- gathered a band of devoted women ism, and for the first time (in who, like the Pandita herself, 1873) met Christianity; but it did could trust God for their own daily not impress her at all; it was bread, as well as stand with her for the food of the inmates in the simply a curiosity. homes and schools. Early in the eighties she went to From that small beginning by England, and in 1883, while teach- two women, the work has been caring Sanskrit in an Engli~h college, ried on to the present when the she became a nominal Christian. farm and institutions cover a little While still a nominal Christian she over a hundred acres of land, about read the lives of such men as twenty miles from Poona, in a vil- George Muller, John G. Paton, lage called Kedgaon. She called Hudson Taylor, Mr. Haslam, and her place Mukti, which means "Sal- vation," and those cared for numothers, which helped to deepen her ber between 600 and 700 people Christian experience. Later she from many castes and of various traveled a good deal in England languages. They are deserted and America, where she won a wives, child widows, orphans and multitude of friends. wronged women, for Pandita would turn no woman away; she Returning to India she began a had a heart of sympathy, and none school, or refuge, for Indian were too poor or destitute for her widows, starting her work with love and help. two Brahmin women. This school was especially for high caste wom- The place is well known, and the en, and continued so until about railway guides, or time tables, call 1896 when the Lord began to speak to her about Faith Missions on a attention to the wonderful work of this woman. It is situated on larger scale. She was ready when the highway that leads to one of the famine of 1897 was upon the the great pilgrim centers; the land to launch out in faith to place is easily recognized, for along gather and care for the famine widows. At one time there were the front of the homes are large over 2,000 inmates in the Mukti sheets of iron on which texts ex- Homes. These, who were from plaining the way of salvation are every caste and were entirely de- written in the Marathi characters, pendent upon her and her God. so that those who can read may know of the Way of Life as they Ramabai built up orphanages pass by. and schools, cared for wives and widows who had been deserted or The members of the colony are cast out, and built homes for the busy all day long with school for blind and destitute. Not satisfied the little ones, cooking, sewing and with this, she translated the whole cleaning for the older ones, and Bible into Marathi, one of the Bible training for those desiring hardest languages in the world, arid in order to be able to do this to enter the Lord's service. It is a

PANDITA RAMABAI'S MUKTI MISSION

beehive of industry from early At Phanderpur, some miles from morning until the day closes, when Kedgaon, there is a famous shrine the workers retire for a well- to a god called Vitoba, who is an earned rest. incarnation of Vishnu. The god is represented by a man standing on Let us first of all step into the a brick. Hundreds of thousands of department for the blind under the rupees worth of jewelry are kept care of Miss Jackson. Here we here in a strong room, safe from find thirty-five busy at their work robbers. There are four main so as not to be dependent upon feasts yearly in connection with charity. They make baskets, rope, this idol, besides a number of beadwork, mats, bags, etc. Every- smaller ones. At the main feasts thing, from the cutting of the banana fibre, splitting and dyeing, KRISHNAHAI. ONE OF RAMABAI'S BRAHto the finishing of these articles, is MAN GIRLS, IN CHARGE OF THE taught in this department. SCHOOL WORK In the sewing room, under the as many as 300,000 people gather care of Miss Brown, look at the here to worship Vitoba. Every beautiful work done by the girls. three years there is a larger feast Even from Australia cloth is sent that usually lasts eight days. Pilto be worked into bed spreads, grims come to Phanderpur from table covers, handkerchiefs, etc. all parts of the land, traveling hun- These two departments have won dreds of miles by train, bullock prizes in India and New Zealand- cart, and on foot, some of them prizes that have been open to the even roll on the ground for scores entire world-yet won these for of miles. Bands of men, women Mukti by real merit. and children, with yellow fiags,can be seen all along the highway, sing- When we visit the farm lands, ing their praises to Vitoba. we see the plowing, sowing, grass cutting, irrigating, and the care From Mukti twenty~four womfor scores of animals that are en, who have found salvation in needed for the institution. This is Mukti, have devoted themselves to in charge of Miss MacGregor, who also has charge of the printing press. Here we see three large presses, where thousands of Bibles, Testaments and Scripture portions have been printed. Last year 5,000 Bibles and 10,300 Testaments, and now another edition of 8;800 Testaments have gone out free of charge to strictly non-Christian people. Over 10,000 booklets and 40,000 tracts have either been given or sold from this place last year.

Among the school children are 135 girls and some boys in the lower grades, and 66 in the High School. Pray that many of these will turn out to be splendid workers.

the Lord's work at Phanderpur, The great need of the work is a .and iiveand work all the time with revival of Scriptural holiness that the pilgrims who visit this shrine. will send more of these women out Besides this band a company of to work for God among their own saved women go; out every day people. We also need organized from Mukti to tell the story of the Saviour's love in the surrounding prayer bands to stand in faith and prayer for the whole work. There GRINDING THE MORTAR FOR BUILDING, MUKTI, 1927 towns and villages, and on Sundays are other needs, such as a trained four or five of these bands of wom- nurse, and Marathi-speaking worken go forth with the message of ers to help in the personal work Salvation. On the days of the of the mission. They also need a heavy pilgrim traffic as many as thousand dollars for new Marathi eighty women go out in relays for and English type for the printing press; The church has never .been two hours at a time. to reach the finished. This was. begun by people who pass by the hundreds Ramabai, but because of the on their way to the shrine of Vi- famine it was never finished, and toba. Pray that the seed sown it ought to be completed. Pray may bring forth fruit to the salva- for this work and the workers who tJon. of souls · and to . the glory of are carrying it on. God.

MANY NAMES-ONE NAME ·A.· .. CONGO Chrisdan was studying geography and, after an exhausting hunt for various Congo rivers, lakes and towns appearing by name on the map, he prayed: "0 Lord, there are so many, · many names on this map but among them a1 the name of Jesus is not found once.

LOrd, we kIioW that no one has.ever yet been saved by any of these names, . l:!1twe thank thee forthe ·name of Jesus through which all men may be s.aved/':-:-Inla1ui Africa. .. ..

OF THE RELIGIOUS SHOP MEETINGS FOR INDUSTRIAL

INDUSTRIAL WORKERS AND THE Y. M. C. A.

BY FRED HAMILTON RINDGE, Montclair, N. J.

I NDUSTRY is increasingly re- wholesome recreative advantages alizing that there is such a and fighting for progressive legis- thing as a character basis for lation which will benefit both emefficiency. The "Y" today is not ployer and employee. The Young concerned with so-called "pallia- Men's Christian Association is cotives," but is dealing constructive- operating whole-heartedly with ly with the greatest industrial and such men. One of them recently social problems of the day. These declared that the "Y" has helped "greatest problems" will ultimate- to supply the soul in many so-called ly be solved not by declarations, "soulless corporations." In con- creeds and legislation, but by nection with one of his own plants, changing the narrow, selfish lives this man said: of some of the leaders of Capital "For several years we have been conand Labor and by developing in templating industrial betterment at our them a new and Christian sense of plant. I spent considerable time visiting responsibility for their fellow men. other factories and reading along this How can this be accomplished un- line. We did not want an outside agency, less the character standards of believing that we could do the job better these leaders are raised? ourselves. We delayed starting lest we should make a mistake. Finally we All over America are found reached the conclusion that the Y. M. great captains of industry who are C. A. was better equipped to do this improving "conditions," paying work than any individual manufacturer. no matter how great his interest in his employees!"

better wages, building better homes Later he discovered that his acfor their workers, • providiJ'!g cidents had decreased 49 per cent, 861

lost time from accidents had de- one town there is a staff of eight creased 55 per cent and output per industrial secretaries. One is the man employed had increased 13 general supervisor, another is the per cent, due in large measure to Americanization secretary, a third the Association! "puts music into industry," and a The President of the Riverside fourth promotes twenty shop meet- & Dan River Cotton Mills in Vir- ings and other character-forming ginia declares: activities every week. One man is "Within a few months after the In- a "plant secretary," giving all his dustrial Y. M. C. A. was organized, the time to a large factory, though on community began to wake up. The lead- the staff of the City Y. M. C. A. ers of the 'Y' knew just what was needed to bring about whole-hearted co- In a single month he promoted acoperation; and without denominational strife, there was soon manifested a new tivities having a total attendance community spirit and a great revival of of 23,670 people. A $100,000 spiritual interest. The Association's building has recently been turned practical program, appealing to the essentials of manhood-body, mind and over to the "Y" by this company, spirit-has made industrial democracy and the workers manage it thempossible." selves. The recreation and educa- It should not be overlooked that tional secretaries are just as busy the Association creates the kind of as the rest, and the city is feeling atmosphere and spirit which the results in numerous ways. A makes it easier for Capital and representative week in this city Labor to get together. The reality witnessed 201 special events with of this was illustrated recently, an actual attendance of 14,235 in- when I saw the president of a dustrial men and boys!

great manufacturing company and Furthermore, the college Asso- an ordinary workman from the ciation in the same town is sending shop, bowling fraternally together 100 students each week into indus- in the Y. M. C. A. alleys. That trial communities to teach English was one approach to industrial to foreigners, instruct American democracy. If these two men un- workingmen in technical subjects, derstand each other and get to- coach athletics, lead clubs of ap- gether socially, they will be more prentices and working boys and likely to get together in the shop! render many other varieties of Out of every five members of the service. Leaders are also enlisted American Y. M. C. A. today, one from churches, the Association is an industrial worker! This membership and the industries means that approximately 200,000 themselves. In other words, the men and boys from industry have "Y" in this, as in hundreds of voluntarily joined a Christian or- other centers, is enlisting volun- ganization which at one time was teer leadership to such an extent considered by some, "a white collar as to help thousands of men to live club." Furthermore, the Associa- in their city, and not on it.

tion extends its service, regardless A program of service in a com- of race, color, creed, class or mem- munity aims to meet the spiritual, bership in the organization, to educational, social, physical and 3,000,000 additional working men economic needs of working men and boys annually. and boys-foreign or American, A very large service is being white or black. This comprehen- rendered to industrial workers. In sive plan is promoted to a large

INDUSTRIAL WORKERS AND THE Y. M. C. A

extent outside of the "Y" building Possibly the most novel work of -in factories, labor unions, clubs, the Association has been promoted I 0 d g e s, settlements, boarding in cotton mill villages of the South, houses, homes-in short, where in mines and lumber camps of the people are. Religious meetings are East and West, and in other more as frequent in industry as in col- isolated districts. Here are a few leges, and produce just as vital re- of the things brought to pass in a sults among leaders of both Capital mill community of 7,500 people as and Labor. In one city 8,500 dif- "by-products" of the regular work: ferent men and boys attended seventy-four different shop meetings Sentiment was created and funds were provided for a visiting nurse.

A RELIGIOUS MEETING IN A CONSTRUCTION CAMP in a single month. Educational Local physicians agreed to examwork has assumed large dimen- ine school children gratis, and good sions, and splendid progress has results obtained have led to the sebeen made in the past decade in curing of a doctor to devote all his cooperative undertakings with cor- time to this work. Campaigns poration schools and other organi- were waged against typhoid, mazations. Social and physical ac- laria and other diseases. Two tivities have opened new vistas for years ago there were ninety cases hundreds of thousands of men and of typhoid, last year there was boys in overalls, and given them only one case, and the town holds renewed happiness and a new out- the record for the State. A comlook on life. munity tuberculosis campaign was

held, one of the results being the board, wages, housing, etc., are passing of a most advanced county greatly improved and the attitude health law. Association efforts of the employes has entirely have led not only to the improve- changed. ment of local conditions, but also to the remedying of evils in sur- There are eighteen coal mining rounding communities, and to the Young Men's Christian Associapassing of advanced labor laws tions in West Virginia and Colorathroughout the State. do alone, and in many other states as well. The miners, both union Recently, a secretary described and nonunion, are as enthusiastic to me his experience, when he first as the textile workers or lumberarrived at an industrial camp. jacks. During one severe strike the There was one cheerless room in a company's mine guards and strikcold building, labeled "Recreation ers declared a truce at a certain Room" where four hundred men time each day and went swimming gathered. When he entered, four together in the "Y" pool! Who crap games and several well-pa- would say that this did not make tronized poker games were in for better understanding, and progress, .with money piled high doubtless prevented some tragic between the players. Many of the "shooting matches"? Again and men were under the influence of again, in most critical situations, liquor. The Secretary noticed a the Association has helped bring three-cornered tear in the coat of company and men together. one of the special policemen, made by a stiletto. Another man still Real service has been rendered bore on his face the marks of a in hundreds of lumber camps and razor fight. There was general towns and in reclamation and congrumbling over everything and the struction projects, far from any soil was well prepared for the in- "civilization" except that which roads of Bolshevik propaganda. the "Y" affords. Splendid build- Six weeks later that same room ings have sometimes been equipped was warm and well-decorated. even in camps numbering only 200 men. On the other hand, there are There were tables, generously sup- large "manhood factories" like plied with reading matter and sta- those in Pueblo, costing with equiptionery. The "Y" man had a counter in the corner where he sold ment $580,000, and Bayonne, costmoney orders and stamps to the ing $700,000 and serving thou- sands of men, women and children. men, who were urged to send home their spare cash. When the crowd The Y. M. C. A. was the first organization to effect a world proassembled there was a period of singing, motion pictures and an in- gram of service in behalf of emiteresting address. "The best thing grants and immigrants. At pres- ent, trained secretaries are at work we've had yet!" declared the man- all over Europe, in countries of ager. "When is that speaker com- origin, at fourteen strategic ports ing back?" the men wanted to of embarkation, on shipboard, at know. "Say," exclaimed another, many ports of entry and in hun- "1 want to tell you we appreciate dreds of places of destination. Apwhat you've done for us, and even proximately 100,000 "foreigners" more what you're helping us do for ourselves!" Needless to say, the are now in English and citizenship classes and over 1,000,000 attend

indoor and outdoor lectures each colleges are now engaged in many year. Most important of all, the varieties of service with 100,000 "Y" is helping them to express the workingmen and boys. They are best of which they are capable and having some never-to-be-forgotten to make their unique contribution experiences and are gaining far to our American life. Foreign more than they are giving. This, leaders have been influenced to deal however, is only one phase of the justly with their countrymen and movement. Others include promoto stand for higher ideals in their tion of courses in the "Human Side respective communities. of Engineering" and "Industrial Relations" in the regular college The Industrial Service Move- curricula; lectures on industrial ment is impressing college men THE LOBBY IN AN INDUSTRIAL BRANCH OF THE Y. M. C. A.

with the vital importance of human democracy, labor betterment, hurelations in industry, and is de- man relations, etc., by men repreveloping a larger appreciation on senting different points of view; their part of the human side of weekly discussion groups on industheir chosen careers. It is fair to trial and social questions; human say that hundreds of students are engineering bulletin boards, ligraduating each year with a new braries and observation trips; vision of their service opportuni- congresses of human engineering ties and responsibilities, because where the student body and faculty of their touch with one or more of an entire college may be excused phases of this movement in under- from classes for one, two, or three graduate days. days to concentrate their attention on these great themes. It is interesting to note that 5,500 undergraduates from 200 The National Industrial Depart-

ment's mailing list contains infor- with other employers of his State, mation about 8,000 graduates who convincing them that they should have been interested in this Move- abandon the old reactionary meth- ment in the last dozen years. A ods of dealing with labor, and large proportion of these men are adopt a thoroughly Christian exerting the right kind of leader- course of action. And there are ship in the industrial world. How many others like him!

vital it is that these coming indus- It is significant that Charles R.

trial leaders of the nation begin Towson, formerly Senior Secretary now to acquire the right point of of this Department, was a member view in relation to the great social of the original committee which questions of the day! It may mean framed the Social Creed of the Churches. In fact, the Creed was THE RELIOIOU 1 adopted by the Department in its BASIS handbook before it was accepted either by the Y. W. C. A. or the Association Conventions. A large Jonn proportion of the industrial secre- taries throughout the country are college men and they are standing for real progress in industrial de- mocracy and social legislation. It is also significant that the indus- trial work is increasingly support- ed by organized labor, as evidenced by the repeated presence of union OR.JFCT officials at Association gatherings, the large number of union men in ct1RI~TIA l HAR (' fIR the membership and on committees and the approval of labor leaders. AND In the coming days no world SERVICF problems will be solved without reckoning with the forces of in- much to the right solution of our dustry. The Y. M. C. A. is helping industrial problems. to bring character-making influ- For many summers the Indus- ences and higher personal and so- trial Department has promoted cial standards into the lives of the local and territorial conferences on 25,000,000 men and boys who com- "Human Relations." Those at pose and control this great field.

Blue Ridge, N. C., Estes Park, It is significant that this organiza- Colo., and Silver Bay, N. Y., are tion is heartily welcomed by both each attended by 300 to 600 lead- employer and employee, not only ers of industry, with far-reaching in North America but also in other results. Repeatedly, men have parts of the world. As industrial been led to follow a Christian pro- democracy plans become more gram in their own plants as a re- and more of a reality, individual sult of these conferences. One character will inevitably become president of a State Manufactur- more important, for no safe fra- ers' Association, after his return ternity is possible without a Chris- spent all day in continuous meeting tian basis.

GOD AND KNOWING

BY SADHU SUNDAR SINGH, SIMLA HILLS, INDIA I F MAN knew himself-who and ing to know ourselves and God we what he is-then he would be can enjoy His blessed life-giving better able to know God, after Presence.

whose "image and likeness" he has When we become children of God been created. The Apostle Paul by being "born again," then His says in Romans 1: 19: "Because Holy Spirit, even without the use that which may be known of God is of earthly language, speaks to us, manifest in them." teaching and revealing to us the But the knowledge of God and of secrets of the spiritual life. When self does not depend on scientific we are born of the Spirit, spiritual or philosophical learning and "wis- language becomes our mother- dom of this world." The human tongue, and we can learn without "'isms" and "'ologies" often lead difficulty what He teaches us.

away from the truth, rather than Earthly language and human to it. Mere worldly wisdom may words may convey earthly mes- cause interference with the inner sages, but a spiritual man, even voice, and a false voice will mislead without words, can understand the us. True knowledge and wisdom truth that God wishes to convey.

comes through the Word of God, If we wish to teach a child, whose with prayer and meditation. "A mother-tongue is English, the word flight of the alone to the Alone" al- for "GOD" in Sanskrit, we tell him lows God to speak in secret to the that "Iswar" means "GOD." But heart. In other words, this world's in what language did he first come knowledge can be attained by tui- to know that "GOD" means AL- tion, but the spiritual knowledge MIGHTY GOD? The blind deaf- comes by intuition enlightened by mute, Helen Keller, says that she God. knew God before she ever learned To obtain spiritual knowledge, His name in earthly language.

the soul's powers, which have be- As the sun can be seen only by come benumbed and deadened by its own light, so the "Sun of Right- sin, should be awakened. A blind eousness," the "Light of the man, who was attempting to read world," can be seen only in His the Bible in Braille, could not dis- own light. Man can know and see tinguish the words because the himself only in this true Light. For severe cold had benumbed his this he needs spiritual eyesight, befingertips. He sat beside the fire cause the blind and those who "seeto warm and rub his hands. In a ing, see not," cannot understand few minutes his fingers glowed this reality (Matt. 13: 13).

with the heat and he was easily If we are to know the deity of able to read. So, by prayer and Christ, we must have more than meditation, the "Sun of righteous- physical life. Man, however perness" (Mal. 4: 2) and the fire of feet, is not sufficient for this. Sinthe Holy Spirit quicken our sensi- ful and fallen man cannot know bilities and enable us to perceive Him; but the "new man," a "new the things of the Spirit. By learn- creation" (Col. 3: 10) can know 367

Him, "who is the image of the in- he who does not deny self, really visible God" (Col. 1: 15). Man commits spiritual suicide!

was created in the image of God If man, who was created in but, by sin, God's image has become God's image and likeness, by dis- disfigured and marred, so that it obedience and foolishness, does not must be remade; only thus can become his own enemy and injure man recognize his Lord and Sav- himself, then there is nothing in iour. the universe which can injure him.

Through sin man has not only But he hurts himself as did the fallen from godly dignity and man- Prodigal Son. When a man injures liness, but he died. That is why himself to such an extent that his unregenerated man does not feel heart .and feelings are deadened, God's presence everywhere. Like then he inj ures others also. His a dead man, who in spite of the air sensibilities being deadened, he being all around, does not feel or does not feel and know that he is breathe it, so those dead in sin can hurting others (1 Cor. 12: 12, 26).

neither sense God nor enjoy the Had he been alive and awakened, breath of prayer. Such cannot instead of hurting and injuring worship Him in spirit and in truth. himself and others, he would have When God breathed into Adam tried to improve his own and "the breath of life" (Gen. 2: 7), he others' spiritual life. Thus he became a "living soul," but through would have fulfilled the will and sin that "living soul" died: there- purpose of God.

fore it was necessary that the Lord The problem of pain and suffer- should breathe again on men a new ing has perplexed many. While spirit and a new life, which is this may be due to sin, it is not eternal (John 20: 22). It is essen- so always. Sometimes God draws tial that man should turn in true His people nearer to Himself repentance to God, and know his through pain and suffering. The real self as seen in His presence, Cross is necessary for spiritual life otherwise the danger is twofold: and growth. If pain and suffering either he will be deprived of the had not been good for His people, bliss of God's sweet Presence, or God would have wiped them from being filled with that same Pres- the face of the earth at once. If ence and His peace, he may begin God does not wish us to be .free to imagine that he is God himself! from the Cross, then why should To know God and self, and to we try to escape what He intends obtain true life, it is necessary that for our good? Consider the grain man deny himself (Luke 9: 23, of wheat sown in the ground.

24). He who denies his own de- Before it appears above the soil sires and will in order to fulfil the and becomes fruitful, it must grow will of God, will become satisfied in the dark. This is the same with completely, and all the. cravings of us. In this world there is not only his soul will rest in that Will that day, but night also. No one can created him. By walking aecord- escape suffering; it is necessary to ing to our own will to satisfy pass through the valley of the self we destroy the capacity to shadow of death (Psalm 23: 4) for satisfy it. In other words, who- a longer or shorter period. But soever denies himself will find God true Christians who bear their and self and all that he needs, but Cross, "dying," yet they "live,"

KNOWING GOD AND KNOWING SELF

and in the midst of persecution strument for thinking and doing.

are like the leaves of a tree which So the Holy Spirit works and mani- fall in winter, only to appear in fests through a regenerated and renewed vigor in the spring, and consecrated life to carry out God's prove they are really living (2 Cor. purposes for the salvation of 4: 8-10, 6: 4-10). In spite of sor- others.

row and suffering their life is hid The Sun of Righteousness also in God. Like the Gulf Stream, reveals Himself through such per- which protects the northern lands sonalities. The pity of it is that from the severe cold by its warm His servants so often are content currents, so the hidden stream of to be like the moon, which only re- the love of God and the current of flects the borrowed light from the the Holy Spirit protect and, keep sun to lighten the dark nights.

His people warm and content. Again, it often causes an eclipse by When a man of God knows him- coming in between the earth and self as he is, he will not be proud the sun. In this way we also some- and highminded, for he realizes times come in between the "Sun of that no credit is due to him but all Righteousness" and the people of is due to the grace of God. There this world, and thus leave them in was once a philosopher who went darkness, and bring dishonor also to see a Christian saint, and asked: to His Name. We should be dili- "Why do people call you a saint?" gent and prayerful that the words The holy man replied: "It is only of Jesus may not be true of us: out of love and respect that they "If therefore the light that is in call me so, really I am only a sinner thee be darkness, how great is that saved by God's grace." The phi- darkness" (Matt. 6: 23). The losopher said, "If you are a sinner, Light of the world may dwell in us what is the difference between you and shine through us. We must and others?" The saint answered take care that the Divine Light in in the words of Socrates: "What- us may not be obscured (Matt. 6: ever I know I have learned to know 16). Jesus told us to let our light that I know nothing." The ques- shine before men that they may tioner said, "If you, being a phi- see our good works and glorify our losopher know nothing, what is the Father which is iJl. Heaven.

difference between you and or- If we know ourselves as God sees dinary people?" Socrates replied, us when we shall know our needs "The difference between me and also, and try our best whole- others is this, that I know I know heartedly to know Him, in whom nothing; whereas they do not even all our needs can be completely know that they know nothing!" satisfied. "The world hath· not The saint continued: "In the same known God" nor can those of the way there is this difference be- world know Him, but we know tween me and others; I know I am Him and so also do those to whom- a sinner, but they don't even know soever Christ, the Incarnation of that they are sinners and therefore Love, will reveal Him (John 17: they remain indifferent and care- 25; Matt. 11: 27).

less about their salvation."

Man's soul, which is far superior The work of winning the world to Christ is the most honorable service In to the body, can manifest itself which any human being can be employed. only by the mind, the sensitive in- -C. F. Schwartz.

3

SEMI-ANNUAL CONVENTION OF THE PROTESTANT CHURCH IN

RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN MEXICO BY REV. N. W. TAYLOR MissifJ'nary 011 the Presbyterian Ohurch, U. S. A.

M EXICO is receiving much rests lightly, intolerance reigns, space on the front pages of and those who disagree with the our newspapers, but a Roman Catholic Church must be great deal of what is being printed ready to suffer for their faith.

misrepresents the attitude of the A few personal experiences Calles Government towards reli- show the truth of this statement. gion. The hierarchy and their In a little mountain village, two friends have consistently presented days from the railroad, lived Guilthe Government as being antago- lermo. His life had been full of nistic to religious liberty. Nothing superstitious fears until he obis further from the truth. All the tained a Bible at one of the centers. Government asks is that the ac- As they read the Bible, Guillermo tivities of religious bodies be con- and his wife gradually came out of fined to their proper sphere. darkness into the knowledge of Christ. People remarked on their On the other hand, missionary non-attendance at mass, but only experience shows that the Roman Catholic Church is intolerant of their most intimate friends knew other religions. In the centers, the reason. One day an Evangelical where the government is respected Christian friend passed through and the law enforced, religious lib- the village. He had with him a erty, which is the law of the land, hymn-book and, as Guillermo knew is an actual fact. But back in the no hymns, promised to teach him a mountains, where the civil law few. Interested friends joined 870

RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN MEXICO

them, but as they sang these hymns few belongings, and escaped under a menacing crowd gathered at the cover of darkness. door and a shower of stones struck one of the women, injuring her Three days later he sat in my seriously. When the crowd had office and told me the tale. As he dispersed, Guillermo went to the concluded, he opened his small mayor of the village to protest bundle and removed a package against this unwarranted attack. which he handed to me saying, He was promised that the case "These are the savings of my lifeshould be dealt with on the morrow time. Please keep them for me but when he presented himself at until I can find a place where we the municipio he was arrested and can live in peace and worship God arraigned on two charges: first, as we desire." Instead of resentbringing the "devil's religion" to ment toward those who had treated the village, and thus causing a dis- him so unjustly he had compasturbance; second, causing the in- sion for them in their ignorance, jury of a villager. The actual cul- and in parting said, "I hope that prits were among the witnesses some day I may be able to return called to testify against him, and to my village and teach them about not a voice was raised in his de- the love of Christ." fence. Not only the believers in their That night he was informed that villages, but the missionaries and men, gathering on the outskirts of workers have had to face this inthe village, were planning tv at- tolerant attitude of the Roman tack the house and kill him. Real- Catholic Church. izing that he could expect no protection from the local authorities, Recently, when I was itinerating he hurriedly gathered together a in the mountains, we stopped for lunch by the side of a mountain stream. While we were removing A VIRGIN FIELD FOR DISTRIBUTING GOSPELS. A MARKET SCENE IN A MOUNTAIN VILLAGlII

the packs and saddles four drunken they asked me why it was we did pack-train drivers came down the not worship the saints and the road and paused to ask who I was. Virgin. I answered their questions and explained to them the way of "He is a Protestant missionary," salvation. Finally they accepted my boy replied. gospel portions and several tracts.

They exclaimed, "He is one of All seemed to be going well unthose whom the priest said we til I said that I was a friend of the should kill," and coming over to Mexicans. Then one of the men produced a bottle and demanded A. YOUNGEVANGELICAL WORKER that 1 drink with them. When I AND HIS FAMILY refused they again threatened me saying, "We have our revolvers, the side of the road where I was too." standing they said : "We are going to kill you." As I was unarmed, and they could easily see that I had nothing Iiiializing that I must put on a on my belt, I was at a loss to underbpld fiont I replied, "Well, go stand their reference. Then I ahead and try it." realized that they had mistaken for a revolver my vest pocket "Wait a bit," cautioned the camera, which hung on my belt. leader, "I have never met one of this sort before, and I would like "Drink with us or we will kill to ask him some questions. We YOU," the leader exclaimed. I recan kill him later." fused. With that they whipped out their knives to attack me. I Then followed a ten- or fifteen- grasped the wrist of the man nearminute conversation, during which est me. Springing back, I picked up a heavy stick that lay near by and placed my hand on my camera.

Having failed to catch me by surprise they hesitated to attack, fearing the "revolver" at my belt. After considerable verbal abuse they left us. As we sat down to lunch that day we lifted our hearts to God in thanksgiving for His pro- tecting care.

That evening I stopped with',a friend who is superintendent of a large mine. As we sat at the sup- per table I told him of my experi- ence in the afternoon, and ex- pressed my surprise that, in a country which guarantees reli- gious liberty to all, the priests should dare to incite the people against us. He hesitated a moment, and then replied: "It may surprise you more to know that the Bishop has written

to me, asking me not to receive Why, that is an accursed book. you missionaries as you journey We must take all this literature to this way." the priest."

I waited, wondering whether In about fifteen minutes the this was a gentle hint that we crowd returned armed and seized should go around by another way the boys' bag of books and their in the future. Then he continued: zarapes. They thrust the lads out on the street and told them to run. "I replied that it had always After they had gone a few paces been our custom to receive all our those of the crowd who had guns friends in our home no matter opened fire. The Lord, however, what their religious beliefs might protected them and they escaped be, and that we saw no reason to without injury. One of the colchange this custom. Furthermore, CHRISTIAN ENDEAVORERS IN A MOUNTAIN CO NGREGATION I allow no one·to dictate to me as porteurs ran off the road into a to whom I shall receive." deep canyon and, becoming lost, wandered without food for almost A few weeks later two of our a day before he found a friendly colporteurs stopped at an inn in a village. Later we learned that the little mountain village. They sold Bibles, Testaments, and Scripture a number of gospel portions to portions were burned in the public those who lounged about, and as square. the interest increased they produced a New Testament, explain- Roman Catholicism recognizes ing that all the Gospels were in it, no other religion than that of the and many other writings of the papacy and therefore to her, reli- Apostles. Next they brought out gious liberty means nothing more a Bible, but as soon as these men than freedom to practice her rites saw the Bible they drew back ex- and ceremonies to the exclusion of claiming, "La Biblia! La Biblia! all other faiths.

In spite of persecution, mission- Gospel. He visited them a number ary work in Mexico is progressing. of times and soon a congregation A surprising readiness to hear the was formed. He decided to move Gospel is experienced in all parts out and live amongst them and the of the country. Early one morn- work developed still more rapidly. ing we arrived at a mountain vil- Last year, while he was on furlage. On entering its outskirts, as lough, I had the joy of going out though prophetic of what was there to the dedication of their about to occur, the sun topped the new church. This is the first ridges in a burst of glory, and its Protestant church to be erected in rays soon penetrated the deepest that whole region. For weeks the valleys, driving away the lurking people had labored on the building shadows. We stopped for break- but when we arrived it was still infast, and while waiting for the complete. Some said that it was meal to be prepared, we gave out impossible to complete it before a number of tracts to the early Sunday, but we encouraged them risers who lounged about the inn. to attempt it, and suspending other It soon became evident that they work they all set to with a will and were interested, so we opened our by Saturday morning even the packs and took out a number of doors were hung. That afternoon gospel portions and some pamphlets the young people scattered far and which we also distributed. Before wide and returned with armfuls we left the village the leading man of boughs and flowers with which came to us to ask if it would be possible for us to send a worker to to adorn the interior. teach them more of the "new re- The following evening, at the call ligion." We readily consented and arranged that one of the lay- of the "cacho" (cow-horn), the workers should return in a few people began to come from every days. He did so and from the very direction, their white clothes markfirst had a large and interested ing them distinctly as they degroup of inquirers. About two scended the mountain paths in the gathering darkness. A hush of months later I returned and found expectancy swept over the people a congregation of about eighty people eager to hear more of the Word as they entered the church and of God. Amongst this number they went silently to their places. were most of the principal men of The women seated themselves on the village. They immediately their mats on the· floor and the formed a school and asked us to men took their places on the supply a teacher. This we gladly benches. It was a solemn meeting did and they paid seventy-five per and the presence of God was felt. cent of his salary. When I left the field last fall they were busily en- "The people that walked in darkgaged in collecting material for ness have seen a great light: they the construction of their church. that dwell in the land of the shadow of death, upon them hath Four and a half years ago Mr. the light shined." This is true of Van Slyke, one of our missionaries, Mexico. The light is breaking and heard that in a village three-days' the dawn of a better day seems to ride from Oaxaca there was a small be at hand. But Mexico needs our group of men interested in the prayers that true religious liberty may become an accomplished fact throughout the country.

A SUCCESSFUL JAPANESE CHURCH*

BY REV. STEPHEN J. COREY, D.D., St. Louis, Missouri Vice-Pre8ldent 0/ the United Chri8tirm Missianrkry Society A CHURCH that partakes of on. The people all respond with the native soil, that has be- "Amen" at the close of prayers, accome "naturalized" and no cording to Japanese ideas. There longer seems to the people an im- is quiet and reverence in the Lord's ported thing, is the Tennoji Chris- house, as in their own temples.

tian congregation in Osaka, Japan. Visiting is done before and after It is as distinctly Japanese as the church. After Sunday morning kimono or Japanese art. service, lunch is spread in the back This church is Japanese directed. room, and plans are made over A Japanese pastor does all the chopsticks and tiny Japanese tea preaching. A Japanese board of cups.

officers conducts all the business Tennoji is an active church and and with the pastor makes all the the people carryon in their own plans. Japanese laymen and way, and in their own way honor women do all the work of the God. Men and women are not used church, from the Sunday-school, to working together outside of the down through the church Y. M. C. home, so they have Y. M. C. A., and A. and Y. W. C. A., the prayer Y. W. C. A. in the church, instead meeting, the ladies' aid, the chil- of Christian Endeavor. To introdren's meetings, and the church duce too rapidly our Western cusproper. The missionaries are vis- toms would cause criticism of the iting brethren and have no part in Christian for throwing down the the working of the congregation bars. The Y. W. C. A. does its unless asked to do so. The organist work quietly and in approved Japais a Japanese and the songs used nese fashion. The Y. M. C. A. are peculiar to Japanese tempera- meets each week and each Sunday ment-either written by their own evening conducts a street meeting. people or, if by a Westerner, se- Twice a month these young men lected because of their minor key conduct an evangelistic service for and Japanese movement. parents and graduates, at 'the kin- One is met at the door by a dergarten. Japanese reception committee, and the greeting is the low Japanese The pastor is a noble Japanese bow. The flowers are arranged ac- man, growing old now, but sweetcording to true Japanese flower ar- spirited and appreciative of the rangement taste; the cadence of young life of the church. The the responsive readings is Japa- young people enjoy the frequent nese; the women sit on one side hospitality of the little parsonage, and the men on the other; the where they sit on the mat floor, preacher wears the Japanese men's Japanese fashion, drinking tea and kimono and sandals; the members eating Japanese cakes, while they leave their street foot gear at the pray and plan together for the door and come in with soft "getas" Lord's work. Once a month the Y. M. C. A. takes the regular Sun- • From the World Call. day evening church service.

375

The Sunday-school has about one Tennoji is a firmly-established hundred in attendance, of whom church. The missionary might one half are adults. There are leave-that would make no differ- good, strong adult classes, taught ence. The church is a part of the by laymen of the church and land and the life of the people. It women's classes taught by women is a Japanese Christian Church. It leaders. Children's Day is "flower it not easy to become such.' Ten- day" according to Japanese custom. noji has chosen the harder, but the Japanese festival days are turned more apostolic way. The Japanese into Christian celebrations and are poor for the most part, and it adapted to the spiritual sanctions would be easier to have a chapel of Christianity. and preacher supported from The Tennoji Church is self- America. Their way is the way of supporting. The people pay their sacrifice, but it is eventually the pastor's salary and look after their only way fQr an indigenous Chris- own finances. They take their of- tianity in Japan or any other land.

fering regularly for home missions It is easy to take money from lov- and then help to spread the Gospel ing gifts in America and establish outside of. their own community. chapels and preaching points and They are self-respecting and be- pay the Japanese pastors from lieve that one of the main necessi- America, while they preach the ties of an indigenous church is to Gospel. Missionary work must be- bear its own burdens. Their ap- gin that way, but eventually, and preciation of what the missionary just as soon as possible, the and the Westerner have done for churches must be self-directing and them is deep, but they feel that self-supporting. No country has they are no longer children and can ever been evangelized through sub- walk alone. The members of the sidies from the Christian people of church do the necessary work another land, although evangeliza- around the building and take pride tion must begin in that way.

in it. Before the communion be- Does this mean that the mission- gan, the morning I attended, two ary is no longer needed? Not at of the leading men busied them- all. Eighty per cent of the Japa- selves polishing the floor around nese have never heard of Christ.

the pulpit and communion table, There is much pioneering to be where the wet morning and a few done. Then besides, the mission- children's feet had left marks. ary, who in the early days was Young men and women were busy pioneer, preacher, and full director at various tasks prior to the serv- of the missionary enterprise and ice. When men are beginning to the native leaders, is now a counse- think of baptism, they begin to help lor, a friend, working with and about the church building. It is a often under the direction of his sure sign. After they are baptized Japanese brethren. Churches like they are ready to speak publicly for Tennoji are bringing a new day for Christ. Christianity in Japan.

A BUDDmST DlITATION OF A CHRISTIAN HYMN "0 for a thousand tongues to sing "Buddha, the name that kills our fears, My holy Buddha's praise; That bids our sorrows cease; The glories of my teacher great, 'Tis music in the speaker's ears, The triumphs of his grace. 'Tis life, and health, and peace."

WE TRAIN 30,000 CONVERTS*

BY (MISS) M. A. LIVERMORE, Bulandshahr, United Provinces M,ssionary oj the M etholti.t Episcopal Ohurch, 1898- T HIS short review of the young and old between might eas- year's work is an attempt to i.ly learn it and make it a part of tell what our force of one their lives. Our ideal was, and is, hundred and fifty workers have to teach this prayer to every tried to do to help shepherd and Christian in the two districts. Ten train 30,000 Christians. thousand have passed and we are At the beginning of the year we trying to reach the remaining put before ourselves, as workers, twenty thousand.

five leading objectives. The first The third object was hymn and was Bible teaching, in the form of lyric singing. The little song book, Bible stories. These stories were born out of this mass movement about sin and its consequences, the work years ago, is still in: use. Saviour, the evils of drink, what This year at the Bareilly convenprayer does; God's protecting care, tion we "tried out" some new worship of God in prayer, and in hymns and lyrics that had recently song, and at Christmas and Easter come out of the life and experi- time the old, old story of Bethle- ence of some of our preachers and hem and of the empty tomb. To chaudhries. They were such a suc- teach these stories with effective- cess that the 500 copies taken to ness and blessing, all workers in the convention were all sold in ten the district, both men and women, minutes, and 5,000 might have were carefully trained. It was been sold. Requests began coming beautiful to see the way this in from our own and other mistraining reached the men, women sions to have the collection printed and children of the village as they for general use. During the sumretold the stories. Over 9,000 mer the Allahabad Tract Society passed in from one to nine stories. printed the first 10,000 copies. The preachers and Bible women These have been in use in some of who passed the highest number of the fall district conferences of this people were crowned at district area and the workers have taken conference, with garlands of In- home hundreds of copies for sale dian flowers. in the villages. The second objective was to teach every Christian man, wom- The people love to sing and an and child a short prayer. This when the singing is accompanied prayer was: "0 God, forgive my by their drums, violins, cymbals, sins, make my heart clean, bless etc., the effect is inspiring. The my loved ones, bless my village great majority of the village neighbors, for Jesus' sake, Amen." Christians cannot read, but they Very short, do you say 7 Well, it can learn by heart these hymns and lyrics which are saturated had to be short so that the tooth- with Christian truth and teaching. less old woman and the lisping These lyrics with their lilt and grandchild at her knee and all the rhythm and beauty are pushing it From The Inat"an Witness. out the low and unworthy songs 377

learned at mela and bazaar gath- develop in a surprising way. Again erings. and again when a chaudhri or other villager has recited the Bible The fourth objective was to story, bringing out the teaching teach the life of Christ. As in the with all its Oriental coloring, we short prayer, so with the life of have had to exclaim. "He would Christ, the aim is to reach the last have been a great preacher had he Christian of the district, so that found Jesus earlier!" We have no Christian man, woman or child found young men and some village may be found who does not know women who would have made fine the life of Christ in short form. preachers, Sunday-school teachers, We have been at this for nine or or Epworth League presidents had ten years and are still working. opportunity come their way. In 1922 a general examination was held. Nearly 6,000 passed. Since And so the village meeting then we have worked just as hard focuses the Christian teaching and on this objective, but have kept no trains in Christian worship. It account. It is thought that in a is the church service, Epworth year or two another district exam- League, prayer-meeting, and, in ination will take place and it is many villages, the Sunday-school hoped that one half of the Chris- of the village congregation. It is tian population will be able to attended not only by Christians, pass. The examinations are not by but by half the non-Christian popclasses but by individuals. This, ulation of the village. of course, entails an immense amount of work. The great objective of the year's work was to get these "ob- The fifth objective is the Jalsa, jectives" over to the village conor the holding of village meetings. gregations. The workers have It is easily understood that when tried. They are conscious of many the people have been prepared in failures. However, they feel that the above four objectives they are a mile-stone has been reached and ready to take part in a village all are eager to take up another meeting. The talking is not all year's work and thus to push on done by the preacher, Bible wom- to another mile-stone in shepherdan or missionary. The people- ing and training in Christian exmen, women and children-unac- perience these mass-movement customed to public speaking, Christians.

THE STEWARD'S PSALM The Lord is my Partner; I shall not want. He maketh me to lie down and rest without worry about tomorrow; He leadeth me beside streams of the Water of Life. He restoreth my spiritual life through His Word; He leadeth me in the paths of right dealing and service to man for His Name's sake. Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of dead churches and deficits I will not fear to go forward, for Thou art with me; Thy encouragement and Thy guidance comfort me. Thou preparest a table of opportunities before me in the presence of op· position; Thou anointest me with the spirit of joyful giving; my tithing en· velope runneth over. Surely Thy goodness and the blessings of Christian stewardship shall follow me all the days of my life, and I will spend all my days in promoting my Partner's business. Cost of Luxuries-According to ported last year to be $50,862,000 for financial fi~res of the Internal Rev- Home Missions and Church Extenenue office, America spends annually sion; $26,000,000 for Foreign Mis- the following sums for "luxuries" or sions (not including undenomina- "non-essentials": tional gifts); $14,323,000 for Sunday For face powder, cosmetics and schools and church education and, by perfumes, $750,000,000; for cigar- twenty-five Protestant denominations ettes, cigars, tobacco and snuff, $2,- alone $342,552,496 for congregational 110,000,000; for jewel r y, $500,- expenses and a total of $91,845,275 000,000; for joy rides, movies and for all benevolences.

races, $3,000,000,000; for furs, $350,- ** * 000,000; for chewing-gum, $50,- American Wealth–More than. $26,- 000,000; for· ice-cream, $250,000,000; 000,000,000 was on deposit in savings for luxurious service, $3,000,000,000. banks and trust companies of the Other items, make a total of $22,- United States on June 30, 1927. This 000,000,000 spent by America for is an increase of $1,368,094,000 over what the Government statistician calls last year. The growth in the number "luxuries." This Bum is over three of savings depositors is notable. In the hundred times more than is spent for thirty-six States reporting depositors missionary work and over fifty times the increase over last year is 1,592, the amount spent for aU church work. 544. The total number of savings de- *** positors reported in banks and trust Cost of War–In addition to the companies is 48,354,784 but fourteen great cost in suffering and in the loss state banking departments do not call of life or health, ,statistics show that for this information in their reports. " "* . before this generation and the next pay America's cost of the World War, Over 31,710 immigrant aliens were the total amount will be over $100,- admitted into the United States last 000,000,000. The treasury estimate October. Of these 5,102 were from of the actual cost today is $48,000,- Germany, 5,030 from Ireland, 6,342 000,000 or double what was estimated from Great Britain, 1,739 from Italy seven years ago. These figures in- and Sardinia, 2,086 from France and clude cost of military activities (six- 4,195 from Mexico. They included teen billion); naval activities (three 210 teachers, 167 engineers, 130 and one-half billions); interest on war clergy, 1,639 clerks and accountants, debt (eight billions); Veterans' Bu- 3,820 servants and 5,339 laborers.

reau (two and one-half billions) and """ other expenditures eighteen billions. Criminal Youth-An "astounding The War Veterans Bureau is the big- number of youths have embarked on gest item in the Cost of Government. careers of crime" in New York State, "" " and especially in New York City, said Cost of Religif.i'n-Church property John S. Kennedy. Chairman of the in the United States is reported by State Commission of Correction, in a the "Handbook of the Churches" to recent report.

be worth nearly three billion dollars "It has been truly said, 'The crim- ($2,820,222,000). The annual expend- inal of today is only the reckless, diffi- itures by all the churches were re- cult, unadjusted child of yesterday.'

379 Boys of sixteen and up to young men ten times as much as is needed for of twenty-one years of age overflow medicinal uses. our penal institutions, the major portion of them charged with all kinds of *** crimes of violence against persons and property." Prohibition and Business-In 1917 America was wet. More than 200,- "A student of criminal activity as- 000 saloons were destroying the thrift serts that although only 2 per cent of and efficiency of the American people. New York's population come in con- There were that year, 7,269 building tact with the law, charged with crime, and loan associations in the United 44 per cent of the crimes committed States with a total membership of 3,- are by boys under twenty-one years 838,612, and total assets of $1,769,- old. For the year ending June 30,1927, 142,175. In 1926 the total number of 227 boys between sixteen and twenty associations was 12,000 with a total were committed to state prisons, and membership of 11,275,000 and total 100 twenty-one years of age; 505 be- assets of $6,280,000,000. Prohibition tween these ages were sent to the New has been a big factor in the marvelous York State Reformatory at Elmira; growth of these financial institutions. 559 between sixteen and twenty-one, and 186 twenty-one years of age were Henry Ford says that prohibition committed to s tat e penitentiaries. has reduced the liquor problem among County jails received thirty-four six- his workers to a point where it can be teen years of age, 4,835 between six- easily handled. Before prohibition teen and twenty-one and 1,310 twenty- each group of 5,000 contained 100 who one years of age." gave trouble through drinking. Now, however, there are not as many as ten *** in each group of 5,000 who give trouble. The men are working more, Causes of Death-Heart disease was working better, wasting less and savthe greatest cause of death in America ing more. The wives are now getting last year. Next came pneumonia, in- what the saloonkeepers formerly reflammation of the kidneys, cancer and tuberculosis. ceived.

The death rate Der 100,000 esti- *** mated population was 1,222.7 in 1926 and 1,182.3 in 1925. Deaths from dis- Growth in Divorce-One divorce to eases of the heart increased from every five marriage licenses issued was 191,226 in 1925 to 209,370 in 1926, the the ratio in Chicago during three. rate jumping from 185.5 to 199.1 per months. In ten years the ratio of un- 100,000. Tuberculosis was the cause happy to successful marriages has of 91,568 deaths. doubled. Judges ascribe the increase chiefly to changing economic condi- *** tions and to departure from the old- fashioned family life with its teach- The Drug Evi/.–"No country suf- ings and its restraints. fers more from the narcotic drug evil than the United States," declared Dr. From bench, bar, church and civic van Dyke, recently. It is estimated and social organizations the cry is that there are at least 1,500,000 drug arising that the divorce evil "perhaps addicts in this country, many of them constitutes the greatest menace to boys and girls. American institutions."

As remedies, he advocates a restric- Last year there were 38,094 martion of the production of the opium riage licenses issued in Cook County poppy, and strict.er enforcement of ex- and 7,285 divorces granted. In eight isting laws. years the number of divorces granted has doubled, while marriages have in- This evil can be checked by inter- creased one eighth. In the past forty national cooperation in addition to years the ratio of divorces to mardomestic legislation. The poppy is riages has increased from one divorce grown to an amount that is more than in seventeen marriages to one in five.

Of THE

A wakening in Korea the people. At Yandukwon, the Christians fasted and prayed for T HE Koreans have, from the seven weeks before the special first introduction of Chris- services and spent one whole night tianity forty-five years ago, in prayer. Before the first service been peculiarly receptive of the the people spent three hours congospel message. Had it not been fessing their sins and asking forfor strong opposing forces, there giveness. The evidence of the is reason to believe that the whole power of the Holy Spirit coming land would have become Christian. on the Christians was their eager- Even now it exerts the most ness to win others to Christ. They powerful influence of any religion went to every house in the village or philosophy. The Church is pe- and the movement spread. culiarly vigorous and apostolic in its spiritual life and work. Dr. THE Mott has even said that Korean New Policies in Japan Christians are of the type that Presbyterian Board of would evangelize the world if other Foreign Missions has recently lands should lapse into heathenism. adopted the policy of reduc- The Korean Christian community ing subsidies for work carried on today numbers over three hun- under the Church of Christ in Ja~ dred thousand, or two per cent of pan, and of discontinuing subsidies the population – a much larger for new work. The Japanese Synod proportion than in China, Japan has accepted this policy beginning or India. But the work of evan- March 31st, 1928, when the Jap- geJization is progressing and over anese presbyteries will take over one million copies of scripture por- the supervision of aided churches tions are being sold annually in under the plan of decreasing the Korea.· There have already been subsidies from foreign funds. This distributed enough copies of the decrease will continue until the Word of God to supply one to mission subsidies disappear en- every man, woman and child of the tirely.

eighteen million Koreans. The Synod of the Church of Rev. M. B. Stokes, of the Meth- Christ in Japan is also considering odist Episcopal Church, South, a plan to recognize missionaries as writes that this year has been members of the presbyteries but marked by a new religious revival. without vote unless they occupy The Korean Christians themselves pastorates in Japan or are given are conducting the evangelistic voting privileges by the pres- campaigns and as a result interest bytery. The right to vote may be has greatly increased. The spirit limited to ordained men in charge of prayer is especially marked. of churches with fifty or more Power from God is working among members and contributing three 881

hundred yen or more per year. The largely fro m Christian homes. Japanese desire to have mission- There were eighty-five applicants, aries and their work entirely un- of good quality, one the daughter der the supervision of standing of a leading physician of the city. committees of the presbyteries. Mr. Spencer continues: "Not A committee has been appointed alone has fine devotion been called to consider the advisability of mak- forth from our Japanese brothers ing changes in the constitution and and sisters by our lack, but more canons of the Church with refer- and more we are being driven to ence to eligibility of missionaries' the more intensive spiritual min- istry, rather than the administravote in the presbytery and synod. tive work of the past. In the past While conditions are changing in few months I have repeatedly had Japan as elsewhere, the Japanese to decline calls for spiritual work Christian church leaders earnestly from sheer overcrowding of the desire foreign missionary workers schedule. The calls included a reto continue their help in evangeliz- turn engagement to the Girls' Coling Japan and in training future lege; a Bible class in the Post Office; spiritual addresses at our leaders. big Haketa railroad station; an- The Rev. Robert S. Spencer, mis- other possible class at the First Bank; all are waiting. 'Ye are sionary in Fukuoka, writes that the salt of the earth'-and as the Japanese colleagues plead for more Chinese girl explained it, salt help. They are not asking for makes people thirsty. Our real job money, but for the help that comes is being such excellent salty Chrisfrom the missionaries' personali- tians that all about us will be ties and message. "A pastor of thirsty for the Living Water." thirty-five years experience, Brother Sugihara, declared with tears in A Nanking Agreement his eyes that he had never seen such open doors, especially in the C HINESE Nationalist author- ities have finally reached an educational world, and that for agreement with the Amerimissionaries to leave now would be can Government on the Nanking striking a blow at the Japanese incident of March, 1927, when Dr. Church. He said: 'The mission- John E. Williams was killed and ary has an unique contribution much American property was de- stroyed. No demand has been which we need.' " made by the American missions for indemnity but the American It is significant that the faculty State Department made an agreeof the Government Girls' High ment by which the Nationalist School at Saseho recently awarded Government has given guarantee3 Bibles to the honor students. The and promise of compensation for faculty of Fukuoka Jo Gekko (a losses incurred. mission school) in an effort to minimize the entrance examination The Nationalist Government in evil, announced that applicants making amends for the attack on whose parents would pledge that Americans when Nationalists octheir children would take no other cupied Nanking, expressed "proexamination provided they wereadmitted to this school, would be taken first. It was expected that perhaps one half of the seventy students would corne that way,

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

found regret" at the indignities to General Chang, who was one of the American flag and to the Marshal Feng's leading generals American Government. It placed and a very earnest Christian evan- the blame on Communists, but as- gelist, said recently in an address, sumed full responsibility and guar- that Marshal Feng's visit to anteed Americans against further Moscow had deceived him in reagitation and similar violence. It gard to the real basis and charundertakes to make complete com- acter of Sovietism. While he has pensation for all damages, and a lost ground spiritually, yet Genmixed Sino-American commission eral Chang maintains that Marshal is to be set up to appraise the damages. Feng is still a Christian at heart and greatly needs the prayers of U. S. Minister MacMurray re- all Christians in his present very newed the statement of Secretary difficult position. Marshal Feng Kellogg of January 27, 1927, that has shown many evidences in the the United States stood ready to past of being a loyal follower of negotiate for a revision of its Christ. He has been the means of treaties with China when any dele- leading many Chinese soldiers into gation fairly representative of all the Christian faith and it is our China appeared for that purpose. hope and belief that he will yet be widely used to extend the Kingdom Who can tell how soon this will be? of God in China. Pray for him.

The Case of Marshal Feng It is reported that General Chang, his friend and former I N OUR March number refer- Chief of Staff, has resigned from ence was made to this famous his position in the army, because "Christian General" and to a of the very great difficulty of statement attributed to him to the maintaining his Christian standeffect that he is no longer a Chris- ards in that connection, and in tian. In view of other testimonies order that he may devote himself from him and about him, we are entirely to evangelistic work. He slow to believe the truth of this has sometimes been called "The statement. While Marshal Feng's Billy Sunday of China." stay in Moscow evidently clouded his vision and warped his judg- Opposition in Damascus ment, there does not seem to be any reason to believe that he has T HE French authorities in renounced his faith in Christ. That Damascus have recently, on he has backslidden from his former complaint of the Moslems, faith and works there seems to be closed the reading-room opened by no doubt. Marshal Feng is in a Pastor Nielson. The ground of very difficult position as a general complaint was a Christian book holding the balance of power in given to one or two Moslems at the midst of anarchy and strong their own request. The Moslems anti-foreign feeling in China. This are evidently alarmed for fear that feeling has turned Marshal Feng their co-religionists cannot withagainst foreigners, including many stand the influence of Christian missionaries, because of his belief literature. The authorities have that they are not unselfish friends also asked Pastor Nielson to leave of China. Damascus for a time.

Progress in the Philippines trated in the religious processions and ceremonies conducted by REMARKABLE progress has Spanish priests and friars! At been made in the Philipp~nes this Young Men's Conference last during the last twenty-eIght New Year there were gathered 469 years, since America has assumed delegates, of whom 195 were Protcontrol. From superstition, big- estants, 94 were Roman C~tholics, otry and intolerance the islanders 13 Mohammedans, 7 Aghpayans, have come into a large degree and 5 Buddhists. They included of enlightenment, openmindedness beside Filipinos, Chinese, Siamese, and freedom. From absolute dom- Japanese, Javanese and Ameriination from Spain and the Roman cans. Jesus Valenzuela, a young Catholic hierarchy the y have Filipino Christian leader, writes: gained their civil and religious "The main topic was 'The Chrisliberty. Their physical and edu- tian Socialization of the Indicational development make the vidual.' . . . There was a lot of transformation fro m the olden preparation for good citizenship days seem like a miracle. From at the conference. It afforded exmedievalism many districts of the ceptional training in leadership islands have advanced into twen- and fine fellowship. The confertieth century cleanliness, light and ence was also a contribution to power. New roads, better hous- student .and community morale. ing, segregation of lepers, hygiene Young men who are to become and sanitation, the development of future leaders of the country commerce and industry have made learned how to use religious ideals the country over. But the most in solving national problems." hopeful prospect is in the education of the youth into more en- Such conferences are of real lightened Christian ideals. value but they miss their high pos- sibilities if they fail to lift up One of the evidences of this Jesus Christ as the one Way of life progress is the Young Men's and wisdom and power, and His Christian Association Conference Gospel as the one way out of failheld at Baguio last January. What ure and death. This is the Gospel a contrast to the forms of religious that the Filipinos and the world instruction and eJCpression illus- needs.

A RECENT CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION CONFERENCE IN THE PHILIPPINES LITTLE DROPS OF INK. LITTLE LINES OF PEN MAKE THE INDIA INKLINGS TELL US WHY AND WHEN I BEST MISSIONARY METHODS FOR marvel how you can expect to teach CHILDREN these little Crabs to walk straight in By MARGARET T. ApPLEGARTH, Rochester, a mere hour one day a week, when on New York all the other six days of the week their mothers and fathers are walking so Author of "Merry-Go-Round," "A Ohlna crooked at home I" ShepherUe8B," Eto., Etc.

There is a very delicious tale of There is no story so applicable tc how, one day, the Fish became dread- missionary methods! For we realize fully worried over the way some little that "The world wa~k8 forward on the Crabs were walking. "But that isn't feet of little children" and we don't the way to walk, at all, my dears!" the want it to walk crookedly; yet every Fish cried earnestly, and instantly teacher knows that all the very simple started a class to show them exactly understandable ABC's she teaches on how. The little Crabs were just as a Sunday about such big issues as much in earnest over it so that the "race relations," "international ap- Fish sent them home exultantly: preciation," and "world fellowship" ''You're getting the knack! Come back can be shattered in the first half hour next week and we'll show you some after the child reaches home. more." It would seem, therefore, as if like But the next week, alas! the gait of charity-Best Missionary Methods for the little crabs was as woefully side- children should begin at home. The wise as ever; indeed week followed Cradle Roll, Kindergarten and Priweek with new lessons which seemed mary superintendents can do an into be learned faithfully at the time, valuable piece of education in this only to appear quite forgotten the next connection, fostered by the Woman's week. Missionary Society and the Girls'

So the Fish did what all good teach- Mission Club in preparing some of the ers have done since the world began, material necessary, basing their pro- -they held a conference with a meth- cedure on three very simple premises: ods class, which was addressed one day by a perfect whale of a Fish: 1. MOTHERS LOVE BABIEs! There- fore, why not send (or loan) leaflets, "Ladies and gentlemen," said he, "I stories, books, and pictures, collected 4 385 in the most attractive manila enve- ating mothers, calling it perhaps "The lope, about babies of other lands, to Hand That Rocks the Cradle": What all mothers with babies on the Cradle does that hand want for the little Roll? It may be necessary to augment cradle roller? The children themthe number of Cradle Roll callers by selves should be entertained by games volunteers who feel this service is and stories in another room, otherwise significant enough to warrant several the mothers will have their attention calls a year, instead of the usual seriously divided! A church in New annual visit. Asia, The National Geo- York recently gave "Just Suppose" at graphic, and denominational missionary magazines, as well as denomina- a mothers' and daughters' banquet. tionalleaflets, all have unusual pictures This little play is in "Short Missionary of babies and mothers the world Plays" published by the George H. around. Books such as "The Child in Doran Company, New York. A Presthe Midst," "A Straight Way Toward byterian church in Rochester, New Tomorrow," "Please Stand By," and York, has had for years an organiza- "Lotus Buds" have pictures and sto- tion known as "Mothers of the Temries about young children sure to in- ple," with regular meetings for the terest a mother. Every loan or every gift of material should be accompanied discussion of all the problems a mother by a special personal letter, addressing faces in bringing up children in a the mother intimately and telling with Christian way. Any number of all the charm and whimsicality pos- churches today have parents' classes; sible the desire of Christian women to it would seem as if every little while bring the ends of the world into one they could and should get better perneighborhood of warm acquaintance, spective on their own problems by and here is a beginning: "To intro- looking at the whole world of little duce to you the mothers and babies of children. Surely several meetings other lands, so that you may love them could well be given over to the study a little more, and worry over them a of how the children of today may best little more, and want them to share meet their world tomorrow in a Christhe best you have a little more than tian way. you have ever wanted this before!" (1) Are we satisfied with the pres- There is the added suggestion of ent average church member, as such? having a Young Mothers' Party in Does he see things "in the large," or your church once or twice a year, is Jesus' way of life an enigma to him? sponsored by the Woman's Missionary How can this "way be made straight" Society and the Cradle Roll and Kin- in the hearts of parents first, and then dergarten. The writer remembers a in the hearts of children? What did Valentine Party when a large red Jesus come to do? heart was given to each mother when she entered, with the beguiling picture (2) If the word "missions" is taboo, of some little foreign baby on it, an why? Because some straight-laced interesting leaflet or a typed story of narrow souls once created prejudices that baby pasted on the other side of in our heart, is that any reason why the heart-its quaint name, what that we should be unwilling now to let name means, customs in regard to Christianity loose in the world through naming, feeding, amusing, and dress- radiant lives? What else is missions ing the baby, etc., etc. For the program but everybody everywhere learning to cradle songs of all nations were sung follow Jesus Christ? What Christian by "mothers" of all nations, in cos- honestly dares to object to this? tumes, several of whom then told the life stories of their children. A simple (3) What ways are there of making and almost impromptu dramatization world friendships inescapably intercould be worked up by such imperson- esting and vital in the lives of boys and girls?

(4) If mothers dread another war and its toll of sons, what connection is

METHODS FOR WORKERS

there between world missions and ing…..and wouldn't the Honorable world peace'1 Two quotations are apt: Mist! You like to have her other dolls "In hearts too young for enmity There lies the way to make men free; take a pretend trip to Japan-it would When children's friendships are world· mean packing a pretend trunk, sailing wide in a pretend ship, landing in a pre- New ages will be glorified. tend Japan, having pretend tea-parties Let child love child, and strife will and meeting this very real enclosed cease, Miss Plum Blossom; etc., etc. By Disarm the hearts, for that is peace." suggesting enough things to do, and by giving a book of stories also sug- Someone has said: "I can never feel gestive of further developments one hate for any nation if I have even one can really "start something." The /1-iend who is a member of it. I think of that friend and I cannot hate."

Perhaps a debate on this thought would be most stimulating in a par· ents' class: "Resolved, that Christian missions can do more to promote world peace than disarmament." For books see "On Earth-Peace," "World Missions and World Peace," and the magazine, The World Tomorrow.

(5) Sometimes the review of a book is an eye-opener to a new conception of the world. Such books as "Mother India," "Things As They Are," "Thinking Black," "Up from Slavery," "The Debt Eternal," "New Paths for Old Purposes," and a dozen others cannot help but challenge the respect and sympathy of intelligent persons.

So much for what can be attempted with parenthood. Now for childhood!

2. CHILDREN LOVE NEW PLA.Y- MOTHERS LOVE INDIAN BABIES THINGS. This second promise is so possibility of dolls of other nationaliself-evident that it is curious we have ties then occurs to you: the dressing not used the fact more largely in the of them is always fun, the finding of spread of missionary interest. For the suitable stories to accompany them, Mysterious Charm of Bundles could and the penning of an intriguing letbe such an ally! There are always ter of suggestions is equally interestbirthdays, Christmas, sick-at-home ing work. A little girl who really times, when something arriving at the loves dolls is a mother to them; when front door done up in ribbons can be once she has loved a doll of another so very intriguing! Perhaps a doll- nationality she has quite literally is there any earthly reason why American girls must receive only American dolls? Japanese curio shops have such fascinating and reasonable Japanese dolls of all sizes-tiny dolls to be tied on the backs of larger dolls, both to be accompanied by a book or booklet of missionary stories about Japan, with a special personal letter written to "Honorable Dear Miss You!" explaining how and why "we" are arriv-

started developing an "international Along somewhat the same line is mind." the "Thank You" Contest, which cre- ates international thinking as far as A further idea along this line is indebtedness goes, to the ends of the fully as effective, the preparation of earth. Give to each pupil in the class, Loan Boxes containing dolls, model or department, a long strip of cardhouses, stories, etc., only one nation- board. At the top he is to draw a picality to a box. which may become ture of his own home, and underneath known as the China Box, the India to make a list of the various things in Box, the Mexico Box. It is in the it, by rooms: "In the hall is-" etc. preparation of this material that a Then opposite the articles he is to Woman's Society and a Girls' Club can write the places where the objects be asked to cooperate. The work will properly came from originally, with be amusing, and the need for secrecy as much of the procedure of obtaining and mystery makes one seem like a them as he can discover. The best list Santa Claus on a world scale, creating will, of course, be the fullest. Omit a very warm-hearted feeling between the dining-room and pantry from this departments and groups. The boxes list. can be kept two weeks and then exchanged for other playthings. A second development will be an- other long strip of colored cardboard, For older boys and girls there is a at the top of which is to be pasted whole range of other possibilities, a picture of the boy or girl, with a e.g., jig-saw puzzles, mount large pic- list to follow of his wearing apparel, tures with a special significance as to jewelry, etc., where obtained, etc. race and interesting situations (or maps surrounded by small but graphic A third long strip of cardboard can pictures) on fairly heavy cardboard, be headed: "My Daily Bread" with and cut out in unusual shapes. Give the picture of a table spread for a one such picture to each pupil in an meal. This can be interestingly deenvelope to be worked out at home, veloped with colored advertisements and then have a Short Story Contest found in the various women's magaon each picture–what do you suppose zines, where sugar and olives and it is all about? Where is it happen- dates and oranges, tea and coffee and ing? Who are these people? Why? fruits and vegetables are so often pic- When? etc. The pupils are to take tured, and even their sources shown. home an envelope each Sunday and re- In fact, pictures on the two other lists turn it with their original story the will add greatly to the fun of preparfollowing week, then take another, ing them. (In a group of Junior High and another. Great interest can be Girls the suggested headings for these aroused over this "World Acquaint- three discussion topics, which were to ance Plan" both in the church, and in be simply dramatized instead of posthe home, if deacons are asked to be terized, were: "The House Beautiful," the judges of one picture and all the "The Perfect Lady," and "The Wellstories about it; trustees of another; Balanced Meal," the latter to be ushers of a third; men's Bible class brought in balanced on a tray by girls of a fourth; etc. A special Sunday in costume, impersonating the world session could be set aside when each workers who obtained the commodipicture could be thrown on a screen ties. For suggestions see Chapter II by a Balopticon, while tihe winner of the current Junior textbook "Please reads aloud the story adjudged the Stand By.") best on that picture. With appropriate hymns and Bible readings, and These few suggestions show how the special invitations to parents to at- missionary interest, like a game of tend, considerable value can be derived tennis, can be volleyed back and forth from such a continuous plan covering from the school to the home. A third a number of weeks. general scheme is more obvious: S. Boys AND GIRLS LOVE TO READ.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

Yet the churches which write into all ages. If children are to know, their annual budgets any amount they must read. "Give ye them to whatever for the training of world read," as Paul said to Timothy. Christians could be counted on the fingers of two hands. There are so SPEAKING OF BIRTHDAYS. Several demany thrilling tales of adventure and nominations print missionary prayer heroism in Christian missions which calendars with the birthdays of the boys and girls enjoy that it seems a missionaries listed day by day. One year the writer tried an interesting pity for more churches not to be tak- experiment-she had a list of every ing a definite step to acquaint them pupil in the department, with birthday with the wonders and glories of the dates and addresses. By arranging greatest adventure in the world. In these in order and referring to the case neither church nor school authori- same date in the prayer calendar it ties have tried to do this, the person was possible to select a missionary for reading this article is herewith chal- every scholar; and on the proper date AN INTERESTING CHINESE FAMILY lenged with the task! Make a list of a picture postcard of the missionary's all the persons you can approach for country was mailed, saying: "This is the donation of a book-perhaps if to wish you a wonderful birthday and they bought the book individually, and to tell you that celebrating with you read it, and inscribed it as their gift, on the very same day is So-and-So it might do double duty, so have an- from Such-and-Such-a-Place," adding other list of books sure to thrill. something both entertaining and curi- Among the very best are: "Living- osity-provoking about either the place stone, the Path Finder," "Ann of or the person. The next day a follow- Ava," "Judson, the Pioneer," "Ugan- up envelope arrived, containing an da's White Man of Work," "The White interesting leaflet about the country Queen of Okoyong," "The Life of or a story about the people there-al- John G. Paton," "The Book of Mis- ways with a gay personal remark to sionary Heroes," "Bearers of the give the intimate appeal: "Here's Torch," "The Black Bearded Barba- some more about So-and-So, your rian," "The Moffats," all of these biog- birthday partner!" Sometimes a third raphies. There are numberless books envelope and leaflet was sent on the of stories and adventures suitable for third day. The plan was an over-

whelming success as far as interest on the wall might begin by being only went, for birthdays are such personal a very large piece of paper. Then, occasions that it is flattering to share like Carey's home-made map opposite them with someone celebrated and im- his cobbler's bench, this one may be portant in the world. allowed to grow bit by bit as each new A simpler plan, considerably easier Sunday sees another country drawn in on the teacher (!) and more stimulat- by the pupil who has selected it for ing to the imagination, would be to "his" missionary. In any case, even have such a prayer calendar kept on on a regularly printed map, the schol- a reference table, provide each pupil ar should write his name on the coun- with a sheet of colored cardboard and try where his missionary lives.

start a contest on "Who Has The Most PARTIES ARE A MISSIONARY ASSET!

Interesting Birthday?" On the poster If you have ever groaned over "hav- should appear the birthday date, and ing" your class at your home for a anything else which lays claim to in- party, because Junior girls are so hard terest, such as certain world events to entertain, then you may be inter– which occurred that date, a mission- ested in a "Dress-Up Box" the writer ary's birthday, pictures of nis adopted has long been adding to, wnere her country and the people there, etc., etc. own class used to solve the party prob- The display of such posters in their lem month after month after month by calendarial order around the walls of dressing up-one as a trained nurse, the department room should prove one as the gorgeous Mrs. Silver Money very stimulating to missionary inter- Bags (with a purse full of silver paper est, especially as the dates fall due money!) others as Hindus, Chinese, when the scholar for the day has five Immigrants, etc. This motley crew minutes to explain his poster, locating instantly wanted to know who they his missionary on a world map, and were, where they came from, and so making his date as interesting as pos- many other hows and whats and whys sible. The choice of a suitable hymn that it meant many a story hour by should belong to the birthday child, the fireside, many a guessing contest and the prayer for the day should link cleverly gotten up on the various that child with that far-flung other countries, many a new game evolved person whose life of usefulness may to focus the attention on a desired seem so full of color and of wonder. point. There were impromptu dramat- Can't you picture some clever girl ics, where Mrs. Silver Money Bags printing hers like a cross- stitch sam- often saved the day by her generosity.

pler with many colored X's to form Certainly other clothes created a truer the words: JAN E S MIT H, HER interest in other nationalities, and B I R T H DAY, with a picture in a many gift boxes were sent nere, there, medallion of some quaint old heroine, and everywhere, and much money perhaps Ann Hasseltine Judson, who, given for projects which had become on such and such a date, 200 years suddenly dearer to their hearts.

ago set sail in an equally quaint old CREATING AN INTERNATIONAL MIND sailing vessel, shown in another medal- THROUGH SERVICE ACTIVITIES. In the lion, for Burma, represented by palm opening months of 1927, an entire de- trees and a hut-on-stilts. Then a nomination of children grew greatly modern ocean liner, the name of the interested in a project presented to living missionary, a picture of his them first on thl! children's page of country, etc., etc. their denominational paper. Week by On the reference table should be week for two months new articles, and kept a list of compiled missionary the printing of their OWn letters in dates and such reference books as reply to these articles, aroused such ''Wonders of Missions" (Mason), and real interest that $550 was easily "Missionaries Every Boy and Girl raised for getting books translated Should Know" (Johnston). The map for the bookless children of the Ori-

METHODS FOR WORKERS

ent. The articles were based on the sketch on page 90 of the textbook also facts given in Chapter V of "Please on the sheet, showing the world's Stand By," the Junior study book for bookcase, one side full, one side empty. 1927-28-showing that boys and girls in the Orient have no story-books, and (3) There was a poster contest, with need them badly! To facilitate the practical appeals for the bookless, sending of gifts in small amounts the judged by the chairman of the Board use of new postage stamps was sug- of Education and two others. gested; instantly the shower started -over $62 the first week! Those de- (4) There was a slogan contest, with siring to duplicate such an experiment, denominationally, may consult back two slogans tied: "No Bookless Coun- try," and "Say It with Books, But Say It with Ours."

(5) There was a five-minute session SOME HAVE BOOKS-SOME HAVE KO],;E, SURELY ~m!ETHING SHOULD BE DONE!

numbers of The Baptist, from the is- spent in giving famous quotations sue of November 13, 1926 for a month about what books are and what they or so thereafter. do.

One local church decided to raise (6) There was another ten-minute $200 for its own translation, and (1) session when a play was given! "The there were four-minute speeches on Book That Fell Through the Earth" the bookless situation, each Sunday, (see Everyland for June, 1927). in every department of the school. (7) There was a splendid final pro- (2) There was the singing of an gram for collecting into a bookcase the original school hymn every Sunday to tiny book-banks (made by a class of the tune Regent Square: Junior High girls) filled with money -nearly $195.* Father, we Thy children thank Thee For the books we love to read- Mention must be made of the now famous Japanese Doll project and the They are keys to wisdom's treasure soon-to-be-famous School Bags for Opening all the lore we need; Mexico; with Lindbergh's recent flight there the imagination of thou- They are trips to lands of pleasure, sands of boys has already centered on Father, books are friends indeed. Mexico; utilize it; help them to "fly" there too! But we hear today with sadness Of the children far away, • Send all money to Miss Alice M. Kyle, Treasurer, Committee on Christian Literature Who are bookless, and we wonder in the Orient, 16 State St., Framingham Cen· If Thou art not saying; "Speed ter, Mass.

And undo this needless blunder, Christian, give ye them to read."

The words were mimeographed in large numbers, with the pen and ink

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22ND STREET, NEW YORK LAW ENFORCEMENT speaking people. But the demand of the railroads and the beet industry for The resolutions passed by a meet- Mexican labor has drawn our parishing of the Woman's National Commit- ioners northward up the Mississippi tee for Law Enforcement held in Valley to Chicago, has scattered them Providence, Rhode Island, May 10-11, throughout the Great Lakes Region, 1927, were carefully considered at the and even pushed them on eastward as annual meeting of the Council of far as New York and New England. Women for Home Missions. After The Mexican is a familiar figure in changes in phraseology they were the employment offices of Chicago. Detroit has its Mexican colony. New heartily adopted as follows: York City is reported to possess be- tween two and three hundred thousand As members of our respective political Spanish-speaking residents. The "solid parties, we pledge ourselves to use our South" is perhaps the only section of utmost endeavors to secure: the country still uninvaded. But Texas is beginning to spill some of its 1. Such presidential and other candi- Mexicans into Louisiana, and Florida dates as shall through their public has its large colony of Cubans. pledges and private performances uphold the Eighteenth Amendment. The possible restriction of Mexican immigration to the United States is 2. Platforms and candidates that rapidly coming to the forefront of stand unequivocally for the support of public interest. Employing interests, the Constitution of the United States. agricultural and industrial, are op- posed to any limitation in the number 3. An administration-federal, state, of entries. But notwithstanding their and local-free from bribery, patronage protests, sentiment for restriction and corruption, pledged to honest enforcement of laws, by men who are for the law and who shall be given sufficient power to be able to fulfill their duty.

If this means the Eighteenth Amendment an issue in the 1928 elections, then we are prepared to make it an issue.

SPANISH-SPEAKING WORK seems to be gaining ground. As long as he comes in such numbers, the Mex- By CHARLES A. THOMPSON ican can but slowly adjust himself to Ours is the privilege of working at American life; further, the new ar- a growing task. The number of Span- rival serves to overstock the labor ish-speaking people in the United market and keep down the wages of States is constantly increasing. Coin-" the resident Mexican.

cident with the Immigration Act of If restriction is effected, we must 1924, there took place a decided reduc- strive that it in no way reflects "UpOn tion in the number of Mexican entries. Mexico's prestige or injures Mexican- But each subsequent year has shown American relations. These latter have a definite increase in the number of undoubtedly shown an improvement Mexican immigrant aliens admitted. during the past year. The tension in In 1925, 32,964 entered; in 1926, 42,- the dispute concerning the oil and 638; and this last year, 1927, the land laws has lessened. The religious figure was 66,766. Save for one year, conflict rests at present in a deadlock, 1924, when we received 87,648 Mex- with no immediate prospect of solu- icans, this is the largest number of tion. It has served to" transfer to this entries in all our history. country a considerable number of We are engaged in a task which is priests and nuns, many of whom have now nation-wide. The Southwest still found employment in the churches and holds the majority of our Spanish- schools of the Southwest. The selec- 392 tion of Dwight W. Morrow, as our There are over 800 different enternew ambassador, has had a most fa- prises located at 800 different points; vorable effect. In his speech to the boarding and day schools number American colony of Mexico City, he thirty-four. As befits good seed sown reminded them of the words uttered in good soil, the work is growing with twenty years before by Secretary of astonishing rapidity. State Elihu Root during his visit to Mexico: "You not only represent your Interdenominational Conncil on country, but you have a duty to perform toward the country in which you Spanish-Speaking Work live. While you continue to be good, loyal American citizens, you should be The office of Executive Secretary good loyal Mexican residents." In the was instituted in December, 1924. same spirit we may call upon the Mex- Perhaps the most concrete, though not icans in the United States, while they the most accurate way of measuring continue to be good loyal Mexican the growing importance of this work citizens to be also good loyal American is the amount of financial support ac- corded to it. The amounts are as folresidents. lows: 1924-1925, $400.00; 1925-1926, Steady and encouraging progress, $1,540.68; 1926-1927, $3,349.58. These totals include both the amounts given under the blessing of God, has been for the office of Executive Secretary made by all the denominations at work. and for Nueva Senda, the monthly A spirit of optimism rules. The eyes paper in Spanish. of faith see great victories in the future. The El Paso Congress, which Nueva Senda seems steadily making met in December, 1926, emphasized a more secure place for itself. We the basic importance of Spanish-speak- are striving constantly to improve and ing work, and its discussions helped strengthen it. Through the generous to define and clarify partially many of cooperation of Dr. Worth M. Tippy, Secretary of the Commission on the our problems. Church and Social Service of the Fed- The greatness of our task is making eral Council of Churches, Nueva Senda is publishing a series of four-page for us unified effort and cooperative supplements, dealing with the social enterprises. Space permits us to men- problems which affect the Mexican imtion but a few examples. In Pasadena, migrant. The first supplement pub- lished in August discussed the social California, where the Methodists have ideals of the Protestant churches; the been allocated the responsibility for second, published in connection with Mexican work, a student from the the December issue, is devoted to Baptist Seminary is assisting the child labor. Methodist pastor. This past year witnessed the organization in Chicago of In recent issues, Rev. Guillermo A. a joint Congregational-Presbyterian Walls, widely and favorably known church for the Spanish-speaking peo- for his pUblications in the field of reple. The Southern California Mexican ligious education, has edited a young Sunday School Association, embracing people's page. Mr. Alberto Rembao has rendered effective services to all the evangelical denominations ex- Nueva Senda. He has carried the cept one, continues to exert a unifying greater part of the editorial work in influence. In Wichita, Kansas, the Spanish, and his counsel has been of union church under the supervision of value in determining the policy of the the local Council of Chur·ches, pros- paper. Natural literary facility and previous journalistic experience fit him pers. for increasingly fruitful service in Few missionary fields can report as this field.

much definite progress as can our en- Nueva Senda should be pushed, as deavors among the Spanish-speaking an organ of interdenominational acpeople of the United States. More than 22,000 communicant members are now enrolled in 888 churches.

quaintance, of instruction in practical In the years following, there was no methods of evangelism and religious regular organization or meetings.

education, and of spiritual inspiration However, in 1911, a Missionary for the advance of the whole Kingdom. Union was organized, having a con- Two more excellent tracts have come stitution and by-laws, and holding at from the pen of Dr. J. H. Heald and least one meeting each year. The Day have been published by the American of Prayer is observed, the MISSIONARY Tract Society. They are entitled (in REVIEW, Everyland and the women's Spanish) "What Christians Think of missionary magazine of each denomi- the Church" and "What Christians nation represented are placed on the Think of Society." Already they have tables of the city reading room, and received a cordial welcome. books are added each year to the mis- We learn to work together by actu- sionary alcove of the city library. At ally working together_ Such associa- the present time, there are 541 memtion brings a more realistic apprecia bers in the Union, and, during the past tion of the difficulties of our coopera- year, the contributions amounted to tive ventures. But it also results in $3,336.

the recognition of our growing unity CHURCH ARCHITECTURE and interdependence. We are close'

together than we realize. We know Statement by a Constituent Board of the Home Missions Council each other better. We love each other more intelligently. Perhaps, also, we We believe the time is at hand for have come to share more of the spa the Church to take an advanced stand cious spirit of our Master, who prayed in the whole matter of church build- that we might all be one. ing. We should no longer suffer ugly and inadequate buildings to be erected.

FORTY-EIGHT YEARS AGO Ugliness, slovenliness or unsuitable ar- By MARY L. TRESSLER NEWCOMER rangements should be looked upon as evidence of irreverence and careless- At our request, Mrs. C. B. Newcomer, ness in sacred things. Historian-Librarian of the Union in Carthage, Illinois, gives this interesting Your church edifice as a center for glimpse into the past. The young girl ministry of worship, evangelism, inwho recorded these minutes of the meet- struction, fellowship and service ing in 1880 later became a missionary in merits the best possible planning and India. We would be glad to hear from care. It should concretely represent other wo men's interdenominational the faith that gave it expression_ As groups which have record of meetings or a sanctuary, the very architecture committees before 1910.

On August 24, 1880, upon the invita- should tend to induce the spirit of rev- tion of Mrs. Peter Wanner, wife of the erence and worship. As a school and Methodist pastor, the missionary so- social building, it should efficiently cieties of the Presbyterian, Methodist, care for the standard educational pro- Baptist, Episcopalian, Christian and gram of your church.

Lutheran churches of Carthage, Illi- Recognizing that the building of nois, met in the Lutheran church in a churches is a highly specialized task, union service. No records of this in which many otherwise good archi- union have been preserved, but the tects are unskilled, we urge the selec- minutes of the Lutheran society give tion of architects who understand a detailed account of this early ven- something of the history of church ture. The program included devo- architecture, who appreciate the archi- tional exercises, several essays, a se- tectural features making for reverence lected reading and discussions on the in worship, who thoroughly under- following subjects: "How shall we in- stand the demands of a modern church terest the young ladies?" "How shall program and who have had actual and we best secure regular attendance of successful experience in the building membership?" of churches.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK MESSAGES FROM OTHER LANDS We are presenting with this num- MISS MABEL CRATTY ber brief paragraphs from the addresses of three nationals who thrilled college of which she was a graduate all our hearts at our annual meeting she was called by one who knew her this year. Miss Wu is taking her welI- Ph.D. at the University of Michigan and has been invited to be the President of Ginling College. Miss Esperanza Abellera, a sweet songbird from the Philippine Islands, is one of the young leaders whose career we will follow with deep interest, and Miss Habboob is the first Mohammedan woman to come to America from Syria to study medicine that she may fit herself to go back and help the chi! dren and women of her loved land. I wish all our readers might have heard these marvelous messages. In later editions of the Bulletin we will hear from others.

In recording the homegoing of our beloved Miss Mabel Cratty we do it with a deep sense of loss which will be felt around the world by the missionary women.

Mabel Cratty – International States- "Seer of visions and doer of deeds to the end that life shall be more woman complete for women every- where; The tinal test of leadership is whether or not the influence and in- Poet and philosopher, whose every spiration go on when the leader stands judgment points to whatsoever apart in the clear light. of eternity. things are beautiful; There is for all women working either at home or abroad in the enterprise Explorer of the hearts of women, of foreign missions a continuing in- discovering them to themselves; spiration in the life of Mabel Cratty, the niece of a great missionary bishop, Teacher of life, whose scholarly Dr. James M. Thoburn of India, and guidance has led many in the the executive secretary of the Nation- paths of truth; al Beard of the Young Women's Christian Association from its organization International stateswoman, whose in 1906 to the time of her death on citizenship is of the world; February 27, 1928. Friend of God." When she was awarded the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws by the Miss Cratty was a stateswoman in international affairs not only because of her place in an international 01.'- ganization with representatives . at 395

work in many lands but most of all colors. But the religion is too perbecause there were no geographical or sonal and fundamental in the concepspiritual limits to her capacity for tion of life, and if we want it to liave fellowship. Her delicately adjusted a fundamental and real value to the sensitiveness to human need and her Chinese mind, it has to be reintertender compassion for all human be- preted by that mind, and that depends ings made it inevitable that she should upon Christian education." think not merely of women in the United States, but of women every- Miss Wu further spoke of the need where. This inevitable world-minded- for Chinese hymns, and closed her ness, rooted in the depth of her address with the slogan of Pastor Wu character, is a quality in Mabel Cratty -"China for Christ and Christ for that will have an abiding influence on China." those with whom she worked or came into touch and through them upon or- Miss Esperanza Abellera of the Phil. ganizations united in the task of making world fellowship. ippine Islands Miss Yifang Wu of Ginling College "I am glad for the commission of Christ, glad for the words, 'All na- Miss Wu spoke of the time of the tions'; for that means that my people looting of Nanking when one of the are included. America sent mission- Chinese young women at GinIing, aries to my country and a people who arguing against the caution of the for centuries lived in darkness have American faculty for them announced seen the Light-lives have been transthat they had counted the cost, that formed, homes sanctified, communities they knew there was a certain risk made better. There has been great of life and reputation and ended by educational and economic development. saying, "If to die for the cause of Much remains to be done. It would Christian education in China is not be a tragedy to withdraw missionaries a worthy cause for sacrifice, what is?" from the Island at this time. Multi- tudes are still unreached-the Moros, Miss Wu showed that through that Igorotes, and others. The growing time of difficulty those Ginling stu- Church in the Island is already senddents were able to demonstrate to the ing out its own missionaries to unsoldiers that the trained Christian touched fields. The student mind is students were as Chinese and as pa- open. They are hungering and thirsttriotic as they who fought for democ- ing for righteousness. We must give racy and the Chinese cause. them that which will satisfy. The church in America can afford to go Miss Wu spoke of the many posi- the second mile in missions. I would tions of leadership to which Ginling like to go back home with the assurgraduates had risen in time of need ance that you will stand by us to the and stressed the need of the work for end. The call I send out comes not these Chinese leaders. only from me but from multitudes in the Philippine Islands who are still "Now we hear of this great move- waiting for the message of salvation." ment for having a Christian Church in China," said Miss Wu. "This marks Miss Sanniyeh Habboob of Syria a new day in the Christian movement in my country, not only because all "I am the first woman who comes the forces would be united, but also from a Mohammedan family to study because the Christian Church in China medicine in the United States. From will have its own way of interpreting the harem to the hospital! From a deits faith. We know when Christianity pendent life to an independent life! was brought to us it came from the From the seclusion of a Mohammedan West; necessarily it came through home to a medical college! Why study Western interpretation and in its medicine and not something else? I

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

had the first chance. I was nine years release their minds from being only old. I stayed in school four years. servants, without hope or outlook. It There was great opposition because I is these things that make any diffi- was the first Mohammedan girl to culties to me easier to bear. The in- enter a missionary school. When I terests and pleasure of having in my entered school my mind began to mind the thought that I am going to grow in a different way from the mind be a sister to women, and a mother, of a Mohammedan girl. I got into not to one child but to thousands." the way of analyzing and verifying things. I asked myself-What is the A GIRL OF AN INDIAN GARDEN* difference between my Christian sister and my Mohammedan mother and sis- By RUTH E. ROBINSON ter? Why is there such a great dif- ference? My mother is perfectly "A Girl of an Indian Garden" rehealthy but has no life and no activ- veals through letters a person of rare ity. Why am I becoming so attached spirit. The letters are selected by her to my teacher? What is the Moham- sister, Ruth Robinson, who has not medan faith and what is Christianity? only understanding aI).d a sense of These were the questions troubling values but the ability of a writer and my mind when I was only eleven years an editor. Both sisters have loved old. But it did not take me long to and served India through the Isabella find out. Thoburn College-the first college of women in Asia-and it is in the life "When I was thirteen I graduated of the college that their interest cenfrom the school and was supposed to ters. be a perfect learned woman with a high school degree, in fact ready for Flora Robinson was a person of marriage, for that is the perfect age high ideals and wide sympathies. She for marriage. Then came the deci- realized these ideals and expressed sion. If I married I would have had these sympathies in practical performno more school life. I was interestet in both religions. I had a special pre ance to Ii degree that is rarely fessor come and teach me Mohammedanism. I studied it five years which achieved. In the midst of the details no other Mohammedan woman had a of plans for the celebration of an anchance to study. Her religion is only niversary she is "constrained to write the teaching that she should pray five a pageant of Lal Bagh for our fiftieth times a day. Finally I did find out anniversary…… It seemed as if the the difference between Mohammedan- very spirits of 'our honored dead' ism and Christianity. It is love-the were there with us on that beautiful love of God. lawn."

"To study medicine at that time was The source of the power of this girl one of the impossibilities for a Mo- of frail body was the close and conhammedan girl. When I first thought stant touch of her spirit with the of it I had eight years before me. Great Spirit who never seemed far off Now it is only three. I came here to but an ever present help. take medicine, not only for my interest in it, but to go back and to be with "Being perplexed, I say, mothers and with little children for 'Lord make it right! whom I can do something-women Night is as day to Thee and children :who are shut up behind Darkness as light. walls still, with no faith and with I am afraid to touch nothing to give them independence to Things that involve so much My feeble hands may shake: Thine can make no mistake- Lord, make it right I' "

-A.G.L.

France. The headquarters in

"Stookholm," a New Quarterly and New York and in Holland are in T HE Continuation Committee of touch with branches in India, Aus- the Universal Christian Confer- tralia, the Dutch East Indies, South ence on Life and Work, held in Stock- Africa, and other parts of the world." holm in August, 1925, has established The agreement to read a portion of a new international review, Stock- the Bible each day and to make it a holm. The first number contains habit to carry a Testament everygreetings from Dr. S. Parkes Cad- where, has 'united several million man and Dr. William Adams Brown, members in all countries. The Amerifor America; the Bishop of Man- can headquarters are at 156 Fifth chester and Principal Garvie, for Avenue, New York City.

Great Britain; Archibishop Soeder- blom, Dr. Kapler, Pastor Wilfred Missionary Training Schoola.

Monod, Bishop Ihmels and Prof. Har- BIBLE Training Schools in Engnack, for the European continent; land and America are making a and Archibishop Germanos for the specialty of training men and women Eastern Orthodox Churches. The journal is in three languages, Dr. for home and foreign missionary Adolf Keller, of Geneva, acting as work. One of the most effective is the the Editor-in-Chief, with Principal Moody Bible Institute of Chicago. A Garvie, Prof. Titius and Rev. Elie recent circular describes a large num- ber of courses provided by trained Gounelle serving as editors for the teachers in preparing pastors and English, German and French sections, other Christian workers for home and respectively. Each article is printed foreign service. Over thirty subjects in the language most natural to the include theology, Biblical doctrine and writer, but following it there is given analysis, story telling, various educaa resume in the two other languages.* tional subjects, music, Sunday-school The Pocket Testament League work, practical medicine and hygiene, comparative religions, the history of T HIS organization, founded by Mr. missions, phonetics, personal evan- and Mrs. Charles M. Alexander in gelism and business courses. Already 1908, has, according to a recent re- 1,436 young men and women have port, "been instrumental in God's been graduated from the Moody Bible hands for carrying His Word to thou- Institute and of these over 1,000 are sands of hungry hearts in many lands at present in active work in home and all over the globe. To a large extent foreign mission fields.

it has been more of a movement than a cut-and-dried organization, although NORTH AMERIVA T there is a definite national headquar- Vhioago'. Day of Prayer ters established in England and the HE Union Ministers' Conference United States, as well as in Canada, of the Chicago Federation of Holland, Germany, Sweden, and Churches, representing about five ~l subscriptions at $2.50 each may be hundred ministers, passed the follow- EplIaIlcsedAwveInthuet,heChCichaicgaog, oIlUl.niversity Press, 5750 ing resolution in appointing a day of 398

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

prayer for the city: "Conditions in thoroughfares, but reach out into the Chicago have reached a place where densely congested tenement-house dis- the ballot box is wantonly violated; tricts.

life and property in large measure are not safe; where the homes of citizens Jews and the New Testament are menaced by bombs; where crime, graft, and corruption are increasingly A BOUT thirty per cent of New York besmirching the good name of our city. The evidence seems clear that .tl. City's population in 1925 was there is a partnership between criminals and some officials. These condi- Jewish, the proportion having retions are destructive of the spiritual mained unchanged since 1916, accordlife of the city. Therefore, be it re- ing to a report of a two-year survey solved that we call upon our people to made public in March by the Bureau assemble in their respective places of of Jewish Social Research. There worship on Wednesday, March 7th, to were 1,503,000 Jews in New York in pray to Almighty God for strength 1916 and 1,728,000 in 1925. The presand vision to discharge our responsi- ent number is estimated at 1,750,000 bilities as citizens in selecting men -"the largest Jewish community the for public office in the primary elec- world has ever known," and in itself tion of April 10th; men who will be a great mission field. Paul I. Morentz, governed by an honest conscience and a Hebrew Christian missionary, writwho will keep the oath of office when ing in The Lutheran of the present atthey take their seats of authority." titude of many Jews toward the New One press report of the observance of Testament, states that Rabbi Isaac the day estimated that 100,000 at- Landman of Temple Israel, Far Rocktended the various services. away, L. I., has introduced the study of the New Testament in his religious school. "The importance of the step," he says, "lies in the fact that Rabbi Evangelum in New York City Landman not only ministers to a large and prominent Jewish congregation, T WENTY-ONE yea r s ago the but is the editor of The American founder of the National Bible In- Hebrew, a popular and influential stitute had a great vision of the need Jewish weekly." The following quotain the city of New York for an evan- tion from that paper shows how the gelistic campaign. The aim was to reach the vast multitudes of the vari- editor justified this step: ous nationalities who have found an abiding place in the United States, The time has come when the New Tes- tament should no longer be a closed book to the Jews. Not so long ago the name but who, apparently, in the majority of Jesus and the Christian holy book of cases, either left their religion in were anathema among our people. The their native land, or else soon forgot Jews will never be able to understand it after coming to their new home. their Christian fellows until they know what there is in the New Testament From a humble beginning of one out- which creates a wall of misunderstanddoor evangelistic meeting a day held ing between them.

at Madison Square Park, New York City, the work has steadily grown Foreign-Born Friends R through the years, until, during the EV. THOMAS BURGESS, D.D., oft h e Protestant Episcopal summer of 1927, the schedule included 168 outdoor evangelistic meetings a Church, reports that its motto is "For week, in addition to four active mis- Every Churchman a Foreign-Born sions, where a gospel Irleeting is held Friend," and says: "Where the for- every night in the year. The outdoor eign-born have no churches of their meetings include noonday meetings in own, the Episcopal Church ministers the financial district, and other centers. directly to them, but tries to keep The evening outdoor meetings are them true to the faith of their fa- conducted not only on the prominent thers. Where they have their own

foreign churches, Orthodox, Catholic, theran and United Brethren. The Lutheran or Reformed, the Episcopal Negro churches were represented as Church helps them to stay faithful, a group, and the Congregational, Asand to fit their churches better into sociated Reformed Presbyterian and American life." Another denomina- Nazarene are expected to come in. tion, the Methodist Episcopal, states Bishop H. M. DuBose, of the Southern that the pastors of its foreign-lan. Methodist Church, was made presiguage churches preach in the follow- dent. "The organization meeting," ing languages: C z e c h, Chinese, says The Christian Century, "was har- Danish, Finnish, French, German, monious and cordial. For some of the Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, participants it was of the nature of Lithuanian, Norwegian, Polish, Por· a new experience. Special attention tuguese, Russian, Slovak, Spanish, will be given to work in rural sections, Swedish, Syrian and Welsh. and to the elimination of unnecessary competition. Bishop DuBose has had American Mission to Lepers a good deal of experience in that sort of thing during his presidency of a NEARLY $1,500,000 has been raised district in the far northwest." An in the United States since 1893 official statement of purposes says: for the work of the American Mission "The council will not seek to unite de· to Lepers. T~e budget asked for 1928 nominations or to discourage them in is $278,000. The Mission to Lepers their work. It will only seek to set was founded in London in 1874 by out facts and situations and to serve Wellesley C. Bailey. Active branches the larger interests of the kingdom have since been established in many for the entire population." parts of the world. The American branch now contributes more annually MOrDlonism and the Government than the parent organization. The Mission officially represents the Prot- MORMON political science is thus estant churches of America, cooperat- summarized in an article in The ing with the regular agencies of the Christian Statesman: "The Governvarious denominations, furnishing ment of the United States, like all buildings and equipment in countries other governments, is illegal. There to which these boards have appointed can be but one perfect governmenttheir missionaries, the missionaries that which is organized by God-by becoming the directors of the work apostles, prophets, teachers, evangelamong the leper populations in their ists. It is not consistent that the peovarious fields. However, practically ple of God should organize or be subnone of these boards contributes fi- ject to a man-made government. . .. nancially to the work of the American Our easy-going American citizens Mission to Lepers. It is entirely de· may treat with indifference, or regard pendent for support upon the indio as a joke, these preposterous claims, viduals and societies and groups of and think them too absurd ever to be various kinds which are voluntarily realized, but think for a moment how contributing toward its work. much of this power is already wielded by the Mormon hierarchy. It holds Tennessee Home Missions Council an immense amount of wealth so that the business world is afraid of giving DENOMINATIONAL leaders of the it offense. It holds the balance of state of Tennessee have just or- power in a number of our states and ganized a state home missions coun- can dictate the selection of state ofcil. Participating in the organization ficials from the lowest to the highest, meeting were representatives of the and can choose the men who represent two Methodist Episcopal Churches, those states in the Congress. Polygthree Presbyterian, the Disciples, the amy as taught and practiced under Baptist, Protestant Episcopal, Lu- the Mormon system is bad enough,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

but this and a multitude of other and no water system. Filth was crimes are possible only because of the thrown into the gutter to rot. The Mormon treasonable system of civil streets swarmed with children who government." were not in school because the schools Our Future Mexican Citizens can accommodate only half the school population."

FUTURE citizens of Mexican blood are growing up in the United The Y. M. C. A. in South America T States by the thousands. The city of HE membership in the Young Men's Christian Associations of Los Angeles, for instance, has more than 25,000 Mexican children in its the Argentine Republic, Brazil, Chile, public schools. Nearly every town Peru and Uruguay, reveals a picture and city from San Diego to Detroit impressive and significant, according has its quota of Mexican children to to Enrique Ewing of Montevideo, who educate. In most communities they writes in The Intercollegian: "These frequently carry off the honors in young men represent a cross-section scholarship and oratory in competition of life in these rapidly developing with Americans of the purest type, countries. They come from the middle and in such things as hand work, class; many are from high school, painting, woodworking, or music the normal and university circles; others Mexican children from segregated are active in professional and business schools decidedly surpass the work of life. Former members of one student the children in the schools from which Association are now scattered over the they are excluded by local race antip- entire republic; they occupy impor- athy. Their teachers find them bright tant state and federal positions; and active, vivacious, obedient, easily young laymen all over the continent controlled, and responsive always to – are beginning to take Association re- kindly and sympathetic treatment. sponsibility seriously. . .'. Much These statements are made by the might be written about the way in· Watchman-Examiner in appealing to which members are beginning to face evangelical Christians to bring to personal problems as well as lend these children the essential moral and themselves for service with under- spiritual influences which are now so privileged, abandoned, and delinquent lacking in their lives. boys. The noticeable increase in the number of individuals and business LATIN AMERICA firms contributing towards the cur- Living Conditions in Porto Rico rent expenses and permanent equip- RETURNING from a visit to Porto ment of our Associations is also a Rico with eight other Congrega- source of encouragement." tionalist home missionary leaders, Rev. George L. Cady, D.D., Corre- Good Friday in Brazil T sponding Secretary of the American HE following description of how Good Friday was observed last Missionary Association, reported that the worst living conditions prevailing year in a town in Central Brazil is anywhere under the American flag are given by an American missionary: on that island. He went on to say: Business houses were open all day, and "The houses are mostly one-room as busy as could be. Mass was cele- huts. If they have partitions these brated outside the church, and in the late are often so flimsy as to be almost afternoon, a sort of bier was carried fictitious. Such homes breed im- around, decorated with flowers and folmorality. Disease, including hook- lowed by a statute of the Virgin Mary. At night the image of the dead C]1rist was prostrate in the church for, every worm, which could be prevented if the one to kiss its feet, and all th~·faithful people could afford shoes, is wide- deposited money in the box. The accomspread. In the city of Ponce we saw panying noise and confusion were indestreets where there was no sanitation scribable. Women chanted in the church, 5

beggars rattled their coins, and whined for our worshippers and also to show for alms just outside, on the steps. others what Buddhism means.' The Booths for sale of drink, coffee, sweets Buddhist priests will be dressed in and trinkets of all varieties were erected robes of orange color. The temple on the grass. Hucksters cried ~heir will fly the Buddhist flag of six colors, wares, gambling dens were opened lIter- blue, red, yellow, white, orange and ally not a stone's throwaway from the the sixth, an amalgamation of the church and people talked and laughed other five, because when Buddha and chatted all the night. The next gained enlightenment under the Bo morning, at ten o'clock, sk;V rockets and tree, tradition says, he was surchurch bells in mad confusIOn announced rounded by an aurora containing all the Resurrection. these."

Building Schools in Paraguay Modern "Mayflower" Voyage REV. FRED W. HUGHES writes THIS name is being used to describe of the buildings which are being "a good-will visit" to the United erected by the Disciples' Mission in States to be made by about 1,200 Brit- Asuncion, Paraguay, where he is at ish Congregationalists in June. The work: "These buildings have already plan originated in England, where it made a contribution to the country in was proposed that an ocean liner be arousing the Catholic Church to do chartered; that it be filled with Consomething for this needy republic. gregationalists of all ranks from Eng- There is a big boys' school about three land, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, inblocks from us, and they have started cluding the leaders, both clerical and to make some improvements. The lay, but also including ministers and Jesuits also are planning to build a laymen from all grades of churches. fine school." He continues: "We were One announcement of the trip states: very much interested in an announce- "This band of pilgrims will land at ment made by the priest at the close Boston on June 11, 1928, and sail from of the mass one morning. He said New York on June 16th. They place they were trying to raise enough themselves unreservedly in the hands money to build a seminary for minis- of American Congregationalists, with terial students, and in order to help the one stipulation that they shall be the cause along they had organized a privileged to conduct on their own raffle. The first prize was to be a account a consecration service at very beautiful image of the boy Jesus. Plymouth Rock. In general, the plan One of the seminary students was provides for spending two days in carrying the image around the church Boston and vicinity, one day in Plymgrounds allowing people to kiss it." outh, and two days in New York. In each of these three places it is planned EUROPE to hold one central meeting, those in Boston and New York probably taking Buddhist Tel11ple in London the form of large banquets."

MOHAMMEDANISM established a Protestant Church in Greece foothold in England several years ago. That Buddhism is seeking STAVROS LAZARIDES, having to do likewise is evident from the been graduated from the Athens following dispatch to the New York School of Religion and remained for Times in March: "The first Buddhist a further year of graduate study, is temple in London soon will be erected now studying for his Ph.D. at the on Gloucester Road. It will be modeled University of Athens. Last summer on that at the famous caves of Ajanta, he carried on Christian work in a place in Hyderabad, India, believed to date of which he writes: "Katerini is a back to 200 B. C. The new temple town at the foot of Mt. Olympus. Four will accommodate 300 persons. 'Our desire is nof to convert,' said Daya Hewaviarne, manager of the Maha Bodhi Society. 'We want the temple

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

years ago Protestant families living this object the Society of Friends has before at different places of Asia Min- secured the permission of the Soviet or and other refugees formed a new Government, and the assurance that settlement near Katerina which now suitable buildings will be put at its has 220 families from Bulgaria and disposal, on the understanding that the Russia. Four years ago they lived cost of the scheme shall be met by the in tents. Now they have two-storied Society. Hence an appeal is being houses. Four years ago they had their made to Christian people in America meetings in the open air under a tree. and in England to secure some £20,- Now they have the largest Evangeli- 000. There are no nurses' training cal church building in Greece, in which schools in Russia, and the attention more than 1,000 people can be gath- given to patients is in most cases very ered, and now they are erecting a primitive. The instruction that the school building which will cost more school will give to selected students than 1,000,000 drachmas." will equip them for efficient service among their own people. Preaching in Eathonian Prisons An Austrian Martyr REV. ADAM PODIN describes in Evangelical. CkristenMm an un- THE martyrdom of Balthazer Hubusual experience which he had in visit- maier who was burned at the stake ing a prison in Pernau, Esthonia: "At as a heretic in Vienna in 1528, was the appointed time I arrived at the commemorated in that city March huge gate; it was opened at once. I 10th-11th. The service was arranged saw that the warders had been sta- for by the American Baptist Foreign tioned differently, and they signalled Mission Society, with representatives something. Just as I arrived at the from British, Czech and Swiss Bapprison door beautiful music saluted tists. Wreaths were placed on the me. I stood in their midst during their place where Hubmaier was burned, singing. I found that all the officials one by Dr. H. A. Rushbrooke, another and others had come in to hear the wreath by Dr. James H. Franklin in Gospel. I tried to show the way of the name of American Baptists, and salvation for the deepest sinner. When others by representatives of European I had "finished my work there I asked Baptists, Mennonites and Austrians. the prison master to send the same choir to the other prison as well, to The ceremonies included rememhelp me and cheer up their comrades. brance of Hubmaier's wife who was Here we had again a blessed time, and thrown into one of the branches of the prisoners thanked me heartily. I the Danube and drowned three days have now made arrangements in three after her husband's death. prisons, where my young people will accompany me with their musical in- AFRICA struments and singing. The prison masters do all they can to give us a School for Blind Sheikhs warm welcome." F OR some years past a blind Chris- School for Nurses in Russia tian who is a member of the C.M.S. congregation at Old Cairo, Egypt, has AS A demonstration on the part been holding classes for blind Mos- 1"1. of followers of Christ of their lems, teaching them the art of reading and writing in Braille, with the aid goodwill toward the rank and file of of special editions of the New Testathe Russian people members of the ment. Recently he has opened a cen- Society of Friends in England have ter in the heart of the district where decided to establish in Russia a model the blind sheikhs live and study, close training-school for nurses. As a first to EI Azhar University. Instead of step toward the accomplishment of attracting, as hitherto, a small group of six or seven, he now has classes of

thirty or forty. It is hoped that it When he asked why the elder had will prove possible to do something come to see him, the latter said, 'I towards teaching the friends of the have come to talk to you about coming blind sheikhs, who accompany them to back to Christ.' He stayed two weeks, the classes, and wait till the lessons until the man's heart was really are over. touched, and he began to make ar- rangements for disposing of his Religious Liberty in Morocco slaves."

T HE Southern Morocco Mission is an undenominational Scottish so- A Successful Evangelist T ciety, which has been at work for near- HE Anglican church in the town ly forty years. Its latest report states: of Uzere, Nigeria, has about seven "Now that religious liberty is practi- hundred members. The following ac- cally assured, we are confident that count of the partly trained evangelist those who have hitherto been converts at work there is, writes Rev. O. N.

secretly will soon be able quietly to Garrard, typical of many of the C. M.

confess before others the Christian S. workers: "He was a heathen boy faith. Under French rule a great and went away to work in Northern religious change is already apparent. Nigedia. While there he was con- During the month of Ramadan many verted through an African Christian abstained from fasting, and no at- working in the same neighborhood.

tempt was made to punish such un- Later he served the Rev. A. Beaghen orthodox Moslems. In previous years a C.M.S. missionary as cook, and they would have been severely flogged. while with him he felt the call to re- Recently a young sharif in the employ turn south and work for God among of a Frenchman openly declared in his own people. He came to us in the presence of the Kadi that he was 1922 and is now in charge of this no longer a Moslem, and refused to large church, doing a work of which submit to that official's judgment. any parish clergyman in England While there was no question of con- might be proud. He has classes for version in this instance, the ease with inquirers, catechumens, confirmation which this person was able to defy candidates, and communicants. He the Kadi suggests the likelihood of conducts daily prayers for the people converts being protected from severe in addition to not less than three serv- persecution in the future." ices on Sunday. He has a small school, and is constantly visiting the sick, Soul-Winners in the Kamerun both heathen and Christian. He is T HE requirement for full member- about twenty-six years of age, and ship in the church in Korea is be- has had only one year of training, but ing enforced at Edea, an outstation he has asked God to use him, and He of the Presbyterian Mission in West is doing it."

Africa. Rev. F. W. Neal writes: "No one goes 'into the church here at Edea Girl-Wives Kept in School I without having actively tried to lead N THE Batanga (West Africa) Presbyterian mission field five someone else to the Saviour. We have more people in our catechumen classes husbands threatened the Bible reader than we do in the church. One of with violence for having taken their our elders, who takes a real interest five little girl-wives into a school. The in winning souls recently walked more undaunted Bible reader told them they than thirty miles to talk with one might summon him to the adminis- whom he had heard about and had trator at Kribi, if they wished, and been praying for-a backslider who send him to prison also; that he had gone into polygamy and had more wasn't afraid, for he knew that the than a half-dozen slaves. He was not law was against child marriage. The even known personally to the elder. angry husbands have not thought it

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

best or safe to report him to the gov- tive students expressing themselves on ernment, so their girl-wives are still live questions with restraint and digin school. "It is a satisfaction," writes a missionary, "to know personally one nity. The visitors were guests of native man who dared to face his members of the staff, all of whom were angry heathen brothers and oppose delighted with the frank and eager spirit displayed by the students.~Tke them in their evil customs." Intercollegian.

A Woman'. "Bounding Heart" THE NEAR EAST HE Africa Inland Mission, founded Turks Take Family Names Tin 1896, has 450 young men now in H training in its Bible schools, and 500 AVING adopted the Western cal- endar and various other features others are already at work. Women of European civilization, the Turks sometimes make very fine workers. are now changing their names. A A heathen woman whose husband was press dispatch describes the situation employed as a builder on the station thus: "Until recently the Turks and heard of the Saviour. His power, said their subject peoples have not set any the missionary, was greater than that particular value on a family name. A of the fateful felile so feared by them Turk has no family name, as father all. As she said afterward, her heart and son are known under different "bounded" at the news. She was eager cognomens equivalent to our given for more. Hoeing in the fields all name. When you want to designate day, she would stop at the mission some particular Turk you will say: house on her way home and ask for 'Ali the son of Yusuf.' But the re- "the words of God." "I am going now publican government has passed a law to cook my husband's supper," she to remedy this difficulty. Turkey is would say, "and I don't want my head going to adopt the Western style of to be full of idle thoughts, so please patronymic. All Turks must choose give me some of His words to think a family name and all school children about." Soon she learned to read, and must be registered hereafter under a by degrees she developed into an ex- patronymic. The reform in nomen- cellent Christian teacher. clature is due to the elaborate plans Interracial Student Contacts that were made for the census, which had more than a statistical value. Its T HE white universities and colleges social difficulties were also considered, of South Africa are keenly alive as well as the endless clerical labor to the importance of the question of and confusion entailed by registering race, are prepared to look it straight the myriads vaguely known as Ali the in the face, to listen to the counsel of son of Yusuf."

those who have some claim to speak with authority, and to form jUdgments Near East College Association C that will be free of prejudice. During OMMITTEES are at work in vari- ous parts of the United States, the short vacation, fifteen students from Huguenot University College seeking to raise a $15,000,000 endow- (Wellington) and Stellenbosch Uni- ment fund for the six educational in- versity visitedtwo native schools, Love- stitutions now incorporated in this dale Institution and Fort Hare College. association. A recent statement of A joint conference was held with the the value to the Near East of these Student Christian Associations-ques- six colleges, which this year have a tions affecting the races being dis- total enrollment of 3,178, reads: cussed in the light of Christian "Graduates from these colleges have principles. The students were obvious- held wide influence from the first.

ly interested to see the various de- Practically all Arabic newspapers and partments of work carried on at the periodicals are published by graduates institutions and to hear the senior na- and former students. Doctors in the

Near East are invariably graduates upon the New Testament than the of the Medical School at Beirut, nurses Koran, and who call themselves "The from the Nursing School of the Amer- People of the Truth," was described ican University of Beirut. The first in the January REVIEW, Rev, John woman pharmacist, the first woman Elder of Kermanshah, writes that doctor, and the pioneers in all pro- they number about 15,000 and says fessions in the Arabic-speaking coun- of .a visit to their principal village: tries are graduates of the American "If we had any lingering doubts as University of Beirut. The most out- to whether these friendly 'People of standing feminist in Turkey, Halideh the Truth' are Moslems or not, cer- Hanum, was graduated from Con- tainly the experiences of our few days' stantinople Woman's College, In every visit among them swept them comcase, our graduates are leaders in their pletely away. The first night we were own communities and the colleges are shown a huge wild boar, fattened eslooked upon by governments as centers pecially for us, and before we left we from which they can procure teachers, had shared a dish, the very thought civil and military doctors, engineers, of which would bring an immediate government officials and workers 'Istaghfar' uUah,' 'May God forgive,' trained in modern, scientific methods from the lips of a pious Moslem. Each and inspired with ideals of service and night I gave stereopticon exhibits to the highest-standards of Western civ- a large and appreciative crowd of vililization." lagers, and my interpreter, who ren- dered my Persian into Kurdish so Seeking Jesus in Tiberias that all could understand, requested that word be given to the other Chris- THE following proofs that "a work tians in Persia that they too are Chris- of God is going on in the hearts tians," of the people" in Palestine are offered by a missionary in Tiberias: "In one Friendly Villagers in Iraq town forty-five families of Moslems and Druses are leaving their old re- THE United Mission in Mesopotaligions and asking to be taught Chris- mia is reaching out into the territian truths. Their religious chiefs tory surrounding its established are offering them land and money to centers. One such contact is thus degive up this movement. Many Jews scribed: "One of our evangelists has are reading and studying the New been in the twin villages of Bashiqa Testament and a prominent rabbi, who and Bahzani, fifteen miles northeast has a large following, is teaching his of Mosul, the chief centers of the people that Jesus Christ is their Mes- Yezidi community. The most notable siah. This comes from the circula- incident of the year is a request of tion of the Scriptures, and the Holy about thirty Yezidi families in Bah- Spirit is working, Our colporteurs zani to join the Protestant milet (rethis past year have been working in ligious community). The designation seventy-seven villages and distributed Christian to them means only mem- 6,000 leaflets, chapters and portions of bership in the religious group of that the Scriptures. Here in Tiberias we name, and their reasons are purely have had Jews and Moslems-young secular, including a school for their men-coming to be taught, their only children and financial aid from the object to learn to know the Lord Jesus mission in time of need. We cannot Christ." accept them on these terms, but their proposal is not without significance, More Christian than Moslem for it means that they recognize the superiority of Christianity to their A UNIQUE sect of so-called Mo- own religion, and are open to Chris- hammedans is eastern Persia, tian teaching." whose code of ethics is based more

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Aeroplanes for "the Hajj" there is practical training in citizen- T HE use of telephones for the con- ship and life through the cooperative venience of pilgrims on the Mecca store, the village bank, the village hosroad was reported in the February pital, the poultry houses, the carpenter REVIEW. A still more modern develop- shop, and the cottage gardens.

ment is announced as follows by World Low-Caste Village Transformed Call: "Mohammedan pilgrimages to Mecca by aeroplane instead of by cam- THE following story is told of work el are expected to be a new develop- done by the Regions Beyond Misment in air travel during 1928. Saiyed sionary Union in Bihar, a large and Auzam, managing proprietor of the needy region west of Bengal: The Hedjaz Pilgrims Transport Agency, village of Bankat was a miserable lithas written the Department of Com- tle place. The people, low-caste Chamerce at Washington that he wants to mars and Tatwas, lived in perpetual charter a dozen aeroplanes capable of fear of evil spirits and an even greatcarrying at least twenty passengers er dread of the money-lender to whom each, to travel from Jedda to Mecca, they were bound hand and foot. It from Mecca to Medina and from Me- was the bank that prepared the way dina to Jerusalem. They are wanted for the Bible. The missionaries were for use in April, May and June. There helping to organize village banks in is no railroad transportation in the order to combat the evils of money- Hedjaz and no good roads for automo- lending, and the Tatwas asked for asbiles. The journey by camel from sistance of this kind. Then Prem Mecca to Medina and Jerusalem is Sukh settled in the village, a fine very difficult." young evangelist with a deep, person- al experience. The community was INDIA AND SIAM gradually changed. The people them- "The Village of the New Day" selves petitioned Government, through the missionary, to have the toddy-shop THIS is the English translation of removed. The money-lender retired Ushagram, the name given to an from the scene. Nowadays practically educational enterprise carried on by all, young and old, attend the Sunday Fred. G. Williams, Methodist Episcopal service, and little by little they are missionary at Asanol, Bengal. Sixty learning what true Christianity means.

boys from the village homes in and A new salutation has become current around Asansol have been brought to- in the village, Yisu sakay, "Jesus our gether at Ushagram. Here they live strength !"

in small, one-room mud cottages quite like those of the ordinary Indian vil- The Wanless SanatoriuJD F lage, except for their cleanliness andOR several years past the Bombay Representative Christian Council, their good ventilation. Each cottage houses five or six boys of varied ages representing about 100,000 Indian and is in itself a family unit. The Christians and nearly thirty mission oldest boy in the cottage plans the organizations in western India, has work of the home and assigns duties desired to build a tuberculosis sana- for each. The village elects a "Pan- torium in the Deccan such as would chayat," representative of the prevail- meet the needs of sufferers belonging ing system of village government. to all castes and creeds. The Governor Each boy of the village spends five of Bombay, replying to an appeal to hours a day in the classroom under support the scheme, which is taking trained teachers. The value of such definite form, suggested that "it would a school is recognized by the Depart- seem appropriate for the name of Sir ment of Education, which gives it an W. J. Wanless to be associated with annual grant of 100 rupees. In addi- it, as some small reminder-although tion to the work of the classroom, reminder will never be necessary-of

the great self-sacrificing work which Si8.lllese Martyr'. Daugihter he has carried on in India for so many A CONTRIBUTOR to The Siam years." As was stated in the March Outlook says of a recent experi- REVIEW, Dr. Wanless, Presbyterian ence: "We had only a fleeting glimpse medical missionary at Miraj, since from the automobile of an ordinary 1899, has been knighted. Dnyanodaya Laos woman well advanced in years, comments: who was returning from market with The scheme would be a sort of parting a meager stock of provisions. In gen- eral appearance, she seemed the same gift, expressive of India's gratitude to as the others who were also walking home-but with this difference: she this distinguished missionary surgeon. was the daughter of one of the Chieng- mai martyrs! Her father, on that In his hospital at Miraj and the five fateful Sunday morning in September branch dispensaries there have been in sixty years ago, had walked in the recent years over 6,000 operations per- formed annually and a total of more than 60,000 treatments given each year, the patients coming from every community in Western India. The successful carrying out of the Wanless Tuberculosis same direction she was taking-not on a first-class graveled highway, but Sanatorium scheme will therefore be in across the fields, much of the way, through water almost knee-deep. He the nature of a thank-offering from the was going to an appointed place, nine people among whom Sir William has spent himself in relieving human suffering.

miles away, where armed men awaited A Century of Missions in Si8.lll him with clubs, pikes, and a death- THIS year, 1928, completes one hun- yoke. An order had gone forth for dred years of evangelical mission- the execution of the Christians-who ary work in Siam. "It is intended to numbered at that time only four. The celebrate the centenary in such a way," daughter walked under the security says the announcement, "as to show of an edict of religious toleration forth to all the people how great things which her father had hoped for in the Lord hath wrought during that vain. He was surrounded on all sides, time. The Executive Committee ap- on that Sunday morning sixty years pointed to have charge of the celebra- ago, by the beautiful hills of Chiengtion, represents two English missions, mai, which look down to-day on a two American missions, the American thousand Christian homes."

Bible Society, and two Siamese Presbyteries, beside two members repre- CHINA AND TIBET senting work among the Chinese. The Chinese Church Carries On D date set for the celebration is the first ESPITE bandits, crop failures, moving of troops, and the genweek of December, 1928. It is to continue through three days and eve- eral unsettled condition of the coun- nings, with a pageant, street parades, try, a successful presbytery meeting and exhibits of various kinds of work. of the new Church of Christ in China There will be public meetings in the was held at Ichowfu, Shantung Prov- evenings addressed by prominent ince, of which The Chinese Recorder speakers in English, Siamese, and says: "The inspirational meetings Chinese." The missionaries write: were a stimulus to all present and the "We earnestly ask for your prayers, business was conducted systematically beseeching the throne of the heavenly and harmoniously. The Chinese were grace that the wisdom and power of willing to carry a greater responsibil- the Holy Spirit may be granted to ity and to work for the progress of those who have charge of this work, the Church in China …… Two very that the hearts of God's people here bright, intelligent, earnest students may be inclined to share in it with one came before Presbytery to be exam- accord, and that the minds of all may ined in order to enter the seminary be opened to the truth of God." after a year's experience in preaching.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Both had suffered severe persecutions for a time feeling against me was at the hands of their parents and rela- rather high. Even the returned stu- tives. One, a lad of nineteen, said, dents and Christians thought I was 'My father snatched my Bible from siding too much with the foreigners me, tore it up and burned it. At one and was not patriotic enough in my time my father would have burned heart. This made me realize that we me alive if it had not been for my Christians had not lived a strong neighbors who intervened.' The Pres- enough life, for if as a class we had bytery decided to conduct more Bible been thoroughly imbued with the spir- dasses, establish new Sunday-schools, it of Christ …… we would have organize new Christian Endeavor so- moved the people around us so that cieties, and promote home Bible study they could see more clearly that we courses, besides carrying on a cam- were following in the footsteps of our paign in the Thousand Character Master, against whom even they had Series." nothing to say. The result was that I resolved to deepen my own spiritual The Chinese Student Viewpoint life by living closer to my Saviour, ACCORDING to an article in the and I think that many of our Chris- organ of the World's Student tians made the same resolve. So now Christian Student Federation, The our Bibles are read more regularly Student World, whereas in China a and family prayers are held in more year ago students were leaving college homes, and we are endeavoring to do in considerable numbers to enter the more personal work by winning souls military academy, or to enlist immedi- for Christ."

ately in the fighting army, to-day they are more inclined to stay by their Manchu Bibles Wanted M studies. Flag-waving and processions ANY, many years ago George Borrow of gipsy fame assisted with students in the lead are not nearly so frequent as they were. The a Russian gentleman to make a Man- doctrine "Down with Imperialism, chu version of the New Testament.

Foreignism, Capitalism, Militarism, For years the plates and the whole Communism" finds a more construc- edition remained in London and it was tive rival in a "Love the School" Move- found there was no use for it in ment. Its purpose is to restore regular China. Finally they were sent to study; to dispel the radical nonstudy- Shanghai. Now a C. 1. M. missionary ing element; to work for the nation- writes from Central Asia that he has alist cause through study of social discovered a colony of 40,000 Man- problems, and through practical serv- chus and desires every copy of the ice during the vacations. The zeal Manchu New Testament that the Bible with which students have participated Society ha~. After lying inert for as instructors in the mass education many years, this version is at last put movement and health campaigns, is in the hands of living men who ap- evidence of their ability and energy preciate it and who understand it.

in this kind of reconstruction. George Borrow and his friends thought that the Manchus, if con- Christian Woman's Testimony verted, would convert China. Work DR. IDA KAHN, the first Chinese done for God is never lost, though woman to obtain a M.D. in the sometimes it is lost to human sight for United States, thus describes her ex- a time.-D. MacGillivray.

periences during the past year: "I tried to tell my people that our troubles Lepers with Shining Faces A were due to our own shortcomings and LETTER from Miss Alma Dodds, written on her return to Tenghnot due to the oppression of the foreigners and Christians. For thinking sien, Shantung Province, is thus thus I was branded as a traitor and quoted in a Canadian paper: "I found

the leper homes in good condition and formed part of this state, it has not very clean. The lepers were really by any means been assimilated. glad to see me, as were the other Throughout Ladakh the inhabitants Chinese friends. I wish those who are with few exceptions pure Tibetans. pray and give and sacrifice for the "Herein," she says, "lies their peculiar lepers might see the shining faces of interest for the Christian Church. Althe inmates. The contrast between though the heralds of the King cannot these inside and those outside is as find an entrance as yet into Tibet itthat of light and dark-between life self, they can leave their message at and hope, death' and despair. The the gate with these native Tibetans. home is on a much-traveled public The translation of the Bible is now road at a favorite resting-place for nearing completion. In the effort to travelers. The lepers stand on their evangelize Tibet the preparation of side of the wire fence and tell the literature naturally occupies the foreresting ones the wonderful story of most place. A considerable quantity God's love. They are faithful wit- of tracts has been printed by the Moranesses for their Lord and Saviour." vian presses and 'Pilgrim's Progress' has recently been translated ….. . Status of Presbyterian Missions Tibetans are yielding to Christ, even while Tibet still shuts Him out. Here I N MARCH the Presbyterian Board are one hundred and fifty-three bap- of Foreig:n Missions (U. S. A.) tized Christians." made the following announcement about its work in China: "Twenty- JAPAN-KOREA six of the thirty-five stations in our eight China missions are now occupied Three Types of Service by American missionaries, the Kiangan Mission being the only mission TANEO CHIBA, a Japanese student entirely unoccupied at the last report. in the United States, points out Sixty-five per cent of the China mis- three fields in which he believes Chrissionaries are at work on the field, tian forces have their greatest opporwhich in view of the circumstances is tunity in his native land to-day, rural a very high average. About thirty- work, social reform, and higher eduthree per cent are in the United States cation. He says: "When we realize on furlough, and the remainder of the that Japan is still predominantly an China force is still in other missions agricultural country and that sixtyhelping out temporarily. Many have five per cent of her population live in already gone back at the request of the rural districts we cannot but feel their missions, and others are prepar- that the Japanese Church ought to ing to return in the early spring. A place greater emphasis upon the imlarge proportion of those on furlough portance of rural evangelization….. . are relieving the Board of all or part When we see thousands of men' and of their support by engaging in re- women enslaved in the mines under munerative work. China statistics for most deplorable conditions, when we the year show a surprisingly small see millions of young women working decrease in the totals as compared with in textile mills in different industrial the previous year." centers under similar heart-breaking conditions, and when we see countless Winning Tibetans numbers of unfortunate women chained to legalized houses of vice we MiSS CHRISTINE I. TINLING cannot help but hear more clearly and interprets in the London Chris- more forcefully the voice of God urgtian the significance of the Moravian ing us to go and minister to these Mission in Ladakh, or Little Tibet, people." Finally, he appeals for a a part of Tibet until it was conquered great Christian university, equal in by Kashmir some eighty-fi:Ve years every way, if not superior, to the best ago. Although since then it has government school in Japan.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

A "Steady" Japanese Christian home towns. They will also help in night OF A young man who was bap- classes during the winter for older peo- tized last year Rev. F. S. Curtis, of Shimonoseki, Japan, writes: ple. Sunday Schools and later church groups will come into being through their efforts.

"He is one of the steadiest Christians Korean Christian Villagers I have ever known, never absent from English Bible class or Sunday morn- ONE impression brought back by ing worship. He held meetings in Miss Florence E. Root, of the his own home last summer-inviting Southern Presbyterian Mission in men from the office, to whom the pas- Kwangju, Korea, from: a two weeks' tor preached. Since we recently rented trip among the villages is the way in a preaching place on the Island of which the Christian "stands head and Hiko, he has been invariably present, shoulders" above the non-Christians in taking a class in the Sunday school any community. She says: "One little and helping in the preaching service. village called White Stone was almost He gives a ringing testimony to the entirely heathen. But there was a grace of God, and has influenced many seventeen-year-old Christian girl who of his friends to attend the meetings. had attended our mission school for For a number of months we met in a girls in Chunju for several years. Her rather quiet place where the gather- clothes were clean, she herself was neat ings were like'those of a family group; and clean and alert-a marked conbut latterly we were able to secure a trast to the passiveness and slovenliplace more central and directly on the ness of most of the women there. main street, so the services are more This contrast prevails in greater or thoroughly evangelistic. From this less degree wherever one finds Chrissmall group, three received baptism tians and nonbelievers together." this last winter, and six or seven more are now on the inquirers' list." Another impression she describes as follows: We were even made confidants in what Leaders in Rural Life seemed like a real romance, seeing and talking with both the young people con- THE Methodist Episcopal mission in cerned, though they had never seen each Kongju, Korea, is seeking to train other. It is truly encouraging to see how the boys and girls in its high school Christian parents desirE! to have their for real leadership in the rural com- children marry into other Christian homes, and how they are doing it.

munities to which most of them will return. Courses are now being given Test of a Japanese Prayer R in farm and home economics. The EV. A. K. REISCHAUER, D.D., of Tokyo, tells this story of an schedule has been arranged to include two class periods a week in agriculture old man who asked to be baptized: and sericulture. Besides this there "The minister said, 'I can not baptize will be afternoon hours for work in you unless I know that you are really the fields, in tinsmithing, carpentry, sincere. You lead in prayer and then brick and cement work, blacksmithing, I will decide.' The poor old man had and painting. During the school year never led in prayer in his life. His the boys are taken out into the near- face turned red and the perspiration by villages on Sundays and in vaca- stood on his forehead. 'Pray!' said tions to hold classes and Sunday the minister, and this is what he said: schools. F. E. C. Williams, of Kongju, 'God, my heart is full of prayer things, thus outlines the hoped-for results: but I can not speak them with my After the boys have finished their mouth. They are coming out in the courses some will go on to higher schools, sweat on my head.' The minister bapbut many will go back to their homes to tized him, saying that was a real make a living by means of what they prayer. Anyone who has heard the have learned, These boys will organize 'vain repetition of the heathen,' the classes for the boys and girls of their

mumbled, fast repetitions of certain urged repeatedly to become candidate formulas so characteristic of the old for the governorship of the Moro refigions will appreciate what the min- Province. Indeed, he has had to flee ister meant, that a prayer which makes from that temptation. Only because a man sweat is a real prayer." we could offer him a scholarship in a worthy institution like Union College ISLANDS OF THE SEA was he saved for the ministry. He Signs of Filipino Progress has accomplished miracles already in WRITING of the accessibility of his ministry among the Moros, and the Filipinos to the Gospel, Rev. is clearly the man called of God to Stephen J. Corey, D.D., of the United open the doors in this part of the Christian Missionary Society (Dis- Moslem world."

ciples), points out two special reasons for encouragement: "The destiny of Wanted: A Word for Faith.

R the Philippine Islands educationally, OTUMA is one of the Fiji Islands in which there are about 1,500 politically, commercially, and religiously is rapidly coming into the hands enrolled Christians. Rev. C. M. of a well-educated youth movement. Churchward, of the Methodist Mis- It will only be a few years until the sionary Society of Australasia, writes Philippines will be controlled by those of them: "The work of winning these who have been educated in the public people from a state of out-and-out schools of the last twenty years ….. . heathenism to that of nominal Chris- Perhaps in no country outside of the tianity was done decades ago, but the United States and Great Britain, have longer one lives among them the more women come to such recognition in one becomes convinced that the task family and public life as in the Phil- of teaching the real meaning and reippine Islands. Everywhere the Fili- quirements of the religion of Jesus pino woman is teaching in the public Christ has only just begun. Perhaps schools, and the proportion of Protes- the fact that Rotuma was at one time tant teachers is far above that of the left for eighteen years without a white native Catholic. In striking contrast missionary has something to do with to the great population of the Orient, their twisted ideas of Christian teachwoman is given her proper place. This ing. Another factor is the poverty of status of women is a great factor in the language." This point he elabothe advancement of evangelical Chris- rates as follows: tianity as well as of patriotism." They have no word for "conscience" or for "grace," or even for "faith," or "be- A Moro Christian Minister lieve" in the Christian sense. The word REV. FRANK C. LAUBACH, au- which stands in the present "ersion of thor of "The People of the Phil- the New Testament for "believe" and ippines," writes of the recently opened "faith" (the word maY really means to work among the Mohammedan Moros comply, yield, obey: hence, sermons by natives on the subject of ma, which ought to be sermons on faith, are found of Mindanao: "Matias Cuadra, the to be sermons on obedience, which is not leading Moro of this young genera- infrequently explained as meaning obedition, has become a Christian minister. ence to one's chief and one's minister or He is so powerful that he has been catechist!

"At this time of my retirement," says Dr. Robert Laws, of Livingstonia after nearly sixty years of service for Africa, "the chief thing that I can say is that the call to the world to go and help Africa is even greater today than when my companions and I did what we could to answer the call made by Livingstone fifty-five years ago."-Soutk African Outlook.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these colum'lU! will be forwarded by U8 on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Katharine Scherer Cronk. By Laura scurity. Belgium knows Congo; Brit- Scherer Copenhaver. 38 pp. 35 cents. ain, Uganda, the Union of South M. H. Leavis. Cambridge, Mass. 1928. Africa and other sections; France, French Equatorial Africa and the Like an afterglow of a sunset; like Sudan; Portugal, Angola and so forth. the abiding fragrance of a flower; like the memory of noble deeds, comes A somewhat similar situation exists this collection of choice glimpses of among the evangelical constituencies the mind, the heart, the spirit of a in America. Each knows something beloved friend. The sister has not of the section in which its own dewritten a story of the life, nor has nomination is working. But the day she attempted merely a tribute. She for a comprehensive knowledge of Afhas done better in giving inspira- rica has arrived. Wireless is binding tional memorabilia that will perpetu- the various parts of the continent toate the fragrance of the life and will gether. Recently a message was sent bring into other lives the magic in- from Mozambique to Angola and a fluence of Katharine Scherer Cronk. reply received in two minutes. Eritrea Here we catch first a glimpse of the talks with Somaliland. Colonial govgirl at college, then the daughter in ernors from different areas are comthe home, the wife in the small parish, paring notes. The. Conference at the author of inspirationalleafiets, the LeZoute in September, 1926, brought popular conference speaker and above missionaries and government adminall the friend who brought to many a istrators from remote sections face to new purpose and a more vital contact face. with Jesus Christ and His program. Mrs. Cronk rests from her unceasing In the interests of a comprehensive labors but this attractive and spirit- intelligence in respect to Africa the ually stimulating booklet will be one new volume, "Light and Darkness in of the means by which her work con- East Africa" will do much to help tinues to bear fruit. American readers understand the trend of missionary events in parts of the great continent unfamiliar to Light and Darkness in East Africa. A many of them. The volume surveys mEgisyspiotinaanry Ssuudrvaney, oAfbyUsgsianniad,a, EArnitgrleoa- in a most readable manner the presand the three Somalilands. 206 pp. ent status of Christian missions in 3s, 6d. World Dominion Press. Lon- Uganda, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Abys- don. 1927. sinia, Eritrea and the three Somali- A patchwork knowledge of Africa lands. It contains an especially characterizes the European peoples stimulating review of the ancient who share in the Government of that Abyssinian Church and points out its great continent. As they look at the possible significance in respect to the outline of the great continent their evangelization of other sections of own contacts paint familiar sections Africa.

in vivid colors while the remainder is In 1928 the American churches will to each of them a hinterland of ob- be studying Africa as a whole. Our 413

imaginations may well be captured by and social; the reform and extension the great land of purple shadows and of rural education, including problems brooding mystery. This volume will of administration and curriculum; carryon our interest to remoter sec- the preparation and development of tions until we are able in a measure village teachers, containing a review to fit together the pieces of the inter- of the operation of training schools, national jigsaw puzzle and make of it the courses for professional preparaa great new emerging frontier-land tion and the development of teachers, with spiritual as well as commercial also the place of women teachers. significance for all the world. Scien- What makes this study more imprestists' from Britain, France, Belgium, sive is the fact that one sixth of the Germany and Portugal have recently human race lives in the villages of joined hands in a study of African India, that nine of every ten Indians sleeping-sickness problems under the are villagers and that over ninety-two leadership of the League of Nations. per cent of them are illiterate. The Christian forces should be prepared whole .situation exhibits many elelikewise to pool their intelligence and ments of grave danger for the addimultiply their power. tional reason that a very large share P. H. J. Lerrigo. of the 5,000,000 men and women who Village Schools in India. Mason Olcott. have recently been admitted to the Illustrated.. 8 vo. 23S pp. $1.25. New York. 1926. Indian franchise are illiterate vil- This book, an important contribu- lagers. The difficulties in the way of tion to the subject of elementary education, not only in India, but in making popular education play its related countries, has as its immediate purpose the discovery of the kind of rightful part in the present changes education needed in Indian villages and the best plan for the preparation are indeed staggering. These condiof teachers for such schools. The urgency of making village schools tions are sketched only in their broad educate children effectively for life and citizenship is readily recognized. outlines and most" characteristic Dr. Olcott had his mind first turned in the direction of the problem of phases. village schools in India when he served for a short term as a member of the Of primary interest to the special staff of a college in southern India. He returned to India later with a student, or the Indian missionary, it Fraser Commission when that body made its thorough survey, in 1919, of provides some very interesting and the problems of village education. accurate analyses of conditions and life in the Indian village. Further- more, the tables and compilations. of statistics in the appendices bring to- gether much valuable and interesting data drawn from obscure sources. An extensive bibliography, a good index and the free use of admirable and very relevant illustrations earn for Dr. Olcott the gratitude of many colleagues in his work. w. 1. C.

Subsequently, he took courses in agri- The Land of the Vanished Church: A Sur· cultural and teachers' colleges in vey of North Africa. J. J. Cooksey. America, and returned to India in Pamphlet with map of North Africa.

1923 to devote his life to the work World Dominion Survey Series. 28. Lon· which had engaged his researches all don. 1926.

these years. A very valuable series of pamphlets, The introduction to this book dis- issued under the editorship of Dr.

cusses the problem in hand and the Cochrane of the W orId Dominion work already done. The major por- Press, deal with the Indigenous tion of the study is given to three in- Church, the World-Wide Task of the quiries: the conditions prevailing in Christian Church and special sur- Indian villages, economic, physical veys of Central Asia, Dutch East In-

BOOKS WORTH READING

dies, Latin America, etc. The present their religion. It is a man-made repamphlet- relates to North Africa and ligion with distorted Biblical pasdescribes briefly but very instruc- sages. It is a religion of the flesh, of tiyely the history of the early Church mammon, organized with great skill. in those lands, the causes of its decay, Mr. Huling shows how Mormon docthe revival of missionary work, and trine and practice depart radically the present situation in Morocco, from the teachings of the Bible as to Tunisia, Tripoli and Algeria. It is a God, Christ, the Holy Spirit, Sin and sad story, but contains a challenge to Salvation. The teachings of the two advance. Today some twelve evan- are carefully compared in deadly pargelical societies are at work there with allel columns, with additional coma total of 240 workers in fifty-four ments. Mormons teach that there are stations. There is no other recent many Gods, many Bibles, a human comprehensive survey of this field. Christ who had several wives, the Holy Spirit a material "fluid"; sin a Students and the Future of Christian necessity and a cause for rejoicing; Missions. Edited by Gordon Poteat. 8 the Gospel of Christ a system of rules vO. 350 pp. $2. New York. 1928. and salvation "a life of good works" without any atonement by Christ or The Student Volunteer Movement justification and regeneration by faith is changing-not in its purpose or in Christ. loyalty to Christ, but in its emphasis and method.· This is seen in the re- An Introduction to Child Study. Clarence port of the Detroit Convention pre- R. Benson. 111. 240 pp. $1.50. Chicago. sented here. It is well and promptly 1927. edited and makes interesting reading. The main topics are "Experience of Much emphasi~ has lately been Power; Christian Missions in a placed upon the need for adequate re- Changing World; Abiding and ligious training in the lives of the Changing Aspects; Is Jesus Christ American youth. Even those not Indispensable; Shall We Share our active in the Church call attention Christian Faith with Others; Inter- to the results of the lack of such trainracial Cooperation; and Find our ing as shown in the youthful criminals Place in God's Plan." of whom there is an increasing num- ber. In this book on child study Mr. Those who attended earlier conven- Benson indicates clearlv the value to tions will miss the notes then struck the state as well as to th~ individual of so forcefully and with such effect- careful, constructive religious training Prayer; the Holy Spirit; God's Mis- given to children and those of adolessionary Call; a World Lost Without cent age. The author takes a very con- Christ, and Miracles of Missions. servative Christian view of religious These addresses are different. They training, emphasizing the need for acare as a rule stimulating to thought cepting the Bible as it stands. The and action but the human viewpoint elementary psychology, the phraseand motives prevail. They are worthy ology and illustrations used, will not of study, but God's view of the world be considered by many as up-to-date. and of the missionary enterprise needs The author, however, makes a very to be kept before us. close and vital connection between each bit of psychological information Mormonism and Biblical Christianity. and its practical application in re- Franklin G. Ruling. Pamphlet. 38 pp. ligious training. The book is prepared New York. 1927. for teacher training classes in the Church School, and there are ques- Here is a good antidote to some of tions at the end of each chapter to the literature put out by the "Church test the reader's knowledge of its of the Latter Day Saints." In their contents. These questions, however, writings and their public addresses, they hide the peculiar teachings of

are all factual, and none are designed their faults nor over-exalts their virto stimulate individual thought on the subject.-M. A. L. tues. While he says" In my relations with them I gave little and received much, and always had the best of the Not Tragedy-Triumph. Dohnavur Fellow· deal" he still recognizes that "the ship, No. 10. 46 pp. 2d. 5 cents. St. Louis and Madras. 1927. long oppression of stronger nations This story-taken from two home has driven the Armenians to use craft letters-is a well written and thrilling account of how a murderer in India, and intrigue against strength and while in prison under the death sentence, was converted and of the joy tyranny . . . . . . This does not mean which his new faith brought him and of his triumphant death. K. s. L. that all Armenians are crooked ….. .

It means that the Armenian plays the game according to the rules of the country. "

Against this dark background the virtues of this long persecuted race Thamilla (The Turtle Dove). By Ferdi· are doubly resplendent. "They have nand Duchene, twice recipient of the Grand Prize in Literature, Algiers. Trans· been harried, tortured, exiled, but lated from the French by Isabelle May and Emily M. Newton. 8vo. 175 pp. they are still brave people who can New York. 1927. stamp a home, whatever it is and wherever it is, with their virtue and Monsieur F. Duchene, for years personality." "Courage, independ- Justice of the Court of Appeals of ence, a love of learning, the passion Algiers, moved by his intimate knowl· and inspiration of the poet, a genius edge of the sufferings and injustice for religion-if ever the world needed heaped upon Mohammedan women, these qualities it needs them today."

It is with sympathetic and loving un- through the laws and teachings of derstanding of the Armenian people the Koran, writes this stirring appeal that the author follows them through in behalf of Moslem womanhood. The their tragic history. He draws upon story is full of pathos and sorrow, and their early myths and legends to build reflects the love, hatred and jealousy up his story. With fierce devotion it in the Moslem harem, engendered by was first among the nations to em- the plural marriage system. The brace Christianity, and consistently degradation and slavery of Thamilla through the centuries the Armenians makes a poignant appeaL The pow- have sacrificed their national liberty erful inarticulate cry comes to the for the defense of the faith.

Christian womanhood of the world to Mr. Burtt cannot fail to picture the help hasten the day when these Mos- Turks, and again he shows a fairness lem sisters, living in the thralldom as refreshing as it is unusual. Hav- of the Islam, shall be emancipated ing faithfully set down the enormity of the crimes of 1915-22 the author and enter into the joy and freedom quotes from Dr. Greig, Bishop of which comes through faith in Him Gibraltar: "Judgment and venge- who said, "I am come that they ance are, thank God, not ours. What might have life, and that they might is ours is to help and save."

have it more abundantly." B. The book is very brief but complete as a story of the Armenians. Its The People of Ararat. Joseph Burtt, simplicity and directness are in keep- F.R.G.S. 184 pages. Limp cloth. Illus· trated. 38 6u. London. 1926. ing with the spirit of the Society of "My only justification for writing Friends to which the author belongs. this book is an intimate, personal affection for the Armenians." No one But as a Britisher he repressed without such love could have written so fairly. The author neither spares throughout a scorching passion the passion for justice and mercy d~nied by his own England to "The People of Ararat. " E. W. R.

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1928

1'19

McCutcheon's R…etnil headquarters for Liberty of London THE FAMOUE:. English firm, Liberty & Co., is constantly sending us new and lovely things. Smart new designs in printed fabrics, more and more distinctive Scarfs and a large collection of Liberty's novelties for gifts await your selection.

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Ple.l. mention Tlu! MIBBIONABY REvmw 011' THIll WORLn In writing to advertise…. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor MARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FRONTISPIECE-A NEW TYPE OF MISSIONARY TO MEXICO-COL. 181 CHAS. A. LINDBERGH. 182 187 MISSIONARY HISTORY IN THE MAKING-Quotations from March- 194 April REVIEW, 1878 ………………………………….. 195 198 THE STRUGGLE IN MEXICO IN 1927 …………. S. H. CHESTER 204 207 AREAS UNCLAIMED FOR CHRIST, I. ………. ROBERT E. SPEER 212 213 A NATIONAL EVANGELICAL CHURCH FOR VENEZUELA …. 214 ………………………………….. . JOHN CHRISTIANSEN 219 CREATIVE'SERVICE IN PORTO RICO . . . . . . . . . . . ARTHUR JAMES 228 231 THE SOUTHERN MOUNTAINEERS, PAST, PRESENT AND FU- 234 TURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. M. SOMERNDIKE 253 MOTIVES AND MONEY FIFTY YEARS AGO …… HARRY MYERS UNITY AND COOPERATION IN PERSIA . . . . . . . . . . J. H. LINTON A CALL FOR PATIENCE WITH CHINA . . . . . . . . . LOGAN H. ROOTS ARCHDEACON KU CARRIES ON ………… ARTHUR T. POLHILL EDITORIALS ………………………………………….. OUR JURILEE AND ANNUAL MEETING COMPETITION OR COOPERATION IN HOME MISSIONS THE HOME MISSIONS CONFERENCE THE COMING JERUSALEM MEETING METHODS FOR WORKERS- WOMEN'S GmLDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ANNA CANADA SWAIN WOMEN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN …………………… EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QmNLAN WOMEN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN ………………… EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ………………………………..

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TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1928, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

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ROBJlRT E. SPillER, President WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice~Pre81dent DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer PUblicat~"a~ 0:m~e;. ~~P~. R~~:5gt:.,y!!.~~r!sbUrg, Editorial and B~~~S~t?rrc~ll:U Filth Avenue, Entered as second·class matter at the Post Omce, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. PERSONAL W. J. WANLESS, M.D., missionary Provide for Your Wife of the Presbyterian Church in Miraj, Is she accustomed to business Western India since 188~1 received a matters? knighthood in the New .rear Honors conferred by King George. The hos- If not, the care of property, inve.t. pital and medical school of which he ments of in.urance and conservation is the head are famous in India. The of your estate may be a real burden. only other missionary in India to have been knighted was also an American Crooked promo~ers take advantage of EPrweisnbgy,tePrrieasnIzdethnet late Dr. J . C. R. inexperienced widows. Your life sav- Lahore. of Forman College, ings may b~ lost and your family come to want. This is impossible if you secure *** Life Annuity Agreements of the Mission Boards of the Methodist Episcopal REV. H. D. GRISWOLD, PH.D., of La- Church. hore, India, is now assisting Dr. Robert E. Speer in his correspondence, For Further information write: taking the place filled for a few months by Rev. Ralph Nesbitt, of the MorJ'ia W.Ehnea,Tr.asurer,_Bollld of Forei8n Punjab Mission, who has returned to Missions of the Melhodist Episcopal Church, 150 India. Filth AVenue; New_ Yorlt, N. Y., or *** W. J. Elli9tt,.Treasurer,Board 01 Home Missionl ad Church E",.,nsion of tile Merhodilt EpilCopai REV. F. G. DEIS has been elected a Church, 110 I. Aroh $t,reel, Philadelphia, Pa. secretary of the Field Department of the National Council of the Protestant YOUR GIFT Episcopal Church. Mr. Deis was a missionary -in the Hankow district, to Foreign Missions Will central China, from 1911 to 1923. PROTECT *** You Against Loss and PAY YOU REV. JAMES S. GALE, D.D., has AN INCOME FOR LIFE retired from active service after forty years as a Presbyterian (U. S. A.) Gifts amounting to over one million two missionary in Korea, and expects to hundred and fifty thousands of dollars are make his home in England. He is now held by the Board as a reserve fund the author of "Korean Sketches," guaranteeing annuity payments. Those who "The Vanguard" and other books on made these gifts are enjoying the absolute Korea. security of their principal, and receiving a definite income. *** You, too, can enj oy this same privilege, MRS. JOHN FERGUSON, President of receiving income at the rate of from the Council of Women for Home Missions, has gone to South America, as 4~% to 9% per year hostess of a party on a "World for the rest of your life Acquaintance Tour." They expect to return about March 15th.

*** DR. CHEN YU-GWAN has been elected president of the University of Nanking, China, succeeding Dr. Arthur J. Bowen. Dr. Chen obtained his M.A. and Ph.D. from Columbia University. There are 415 students enrolled this term in Nanking, with a full faculty of Chinese instructors.

*** Protect yourself against loss from unwise investment, eliminate worry and at the same MISS ROSE EWALD, fOrnIerly a mem- time do your part' in spreading the gospel of ber of the staff of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD and for the Christ in foreign lands. past four years in Near East Relief overseas work, was awarded the Cleve- For further information. write land H. Dodge service medal at the annual meeting of Near East Relief Ernest F. Hall, Secretary, Dept. of Alllluities on January 4th. BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

156 Fifth AveDue, New York Ii Please mention THlI MISSIONARY REvmw OJ' 'l'HB WOBLD In wrltlnK to advertlsera.

"WE" ARRIVING AT THE VALBUENA. AVIATION FIELD, :MEXICO CITY, DECEMBER 14

Oupunyht by lnternationat Newsreel Phot() COL. LINDBERGH GREETED IN THE MEXICO S'l'ADIUlI BY PRESIDENT CALLES AND 50,000 PIJOPLE COL. CHARLES S. LINDBERGH WELCOMED IN MEXICO CITY BY GENIIRAL ALVAREZ. (U. S. AMBAS- SADOR DWIGHT MORROW BETWEEN) A NEW TYPE OF MISSIONARY TO MEXICO-A POSSIBILITY

Vol.LI, No.3 March,1928

THE MISSIONARY %eWO&'-&oI''''' ~u.ezy HISTORY IN THE MAKING-FIFTY YEARS AGO Reported in the March-April REVIEW, 1878 The Bri~ish India Government adopts measures for the suppression .. .. .. of infanticide in India.

A universal syllabic alphabet, invented by Rev. Robert Hunt, for teaching the illiterate of all nations is successfully tried among the Santals of India. * .. ..

A revival reported in Peking with one hundred Chinese confessing their faith in Christ.

* .. * Seven missionary societies at work in Fukien Province, China, re- .. . . port two stations and 273 outstations with 5,247 communicants. Agitation on the Treaty Rights of the Chinese in America. An article by Dr. S. Wells Williams, author of "The Middle Kingdom."

* .. * The Micronesian Mission of the A. B. C. F. M. report 500 converts added to the church in one year.

* * ..

All the slaves in Madagascar (brought into the island since 1865) emancipated by proclamation of the Queen.

.. .. * Sixty American Negroes sail from New York for Liberia to help civilize Africa.

.. * * A church built in Blantyre, Scotland, as a memorial to David Liv- ingstone. .. .. * Among the missionaries who sailed for the field were Rev. Thomas C. Winn (Presbyterian) to Japan and Rev. C. C. Penick, D.D. (Episcopal) to West Africa. The death was reported of Dr. Silas D. Scudder (Reformed), of India.

181

STRUGGLE IN MEXICO IN

BY REV. S. H. CHESTER, D.D.

Secretary Emeritu. of the E",ecutive Oommittee of Foreign M~BBionB, Pre.bytenan Ohurch in U. S.

T HE most spectacular episode the Moors held sway for several in contemporary history is centuries, in which the character the battle royal between the of God was assimilated to that of liberal forces in the Mexican Re- the Mohammedan Allah, who ap- public, at present under the leader- proved of the propagation of the ship of President Elias Plutareo faith and the suppression of "in- Calles, and the hierarchy of the fidels" by fire and sword.

Mexican Catholic Church, acting It was in this Mohammedan under the orders and leadership of fashion that the Spaniards "evanhis Holiness, Pope Pius XI. In gelized" Mexico. Hernando Cororder to understand this struggle tez with his bands of medireval a brief review of its historical freebooters swept over the country background is necessary. pillaging and burning, and giving At the time of the Spanish Con- the natives the option of submisquest the Aztecs were the domi- sion or death. They chose sub- nant Indian tribe, a naturally cout- mission, and as a guarantee of teous, hospitable and kind-hearted their full surrender came by entire people, who had developed along villages announcing their accept- various lines of agriculture, archi- ance of the conquerors' religion tecture and organized govern- and asking to be baptized. The ment quite an advanced form of applicants were so numerous that civilization. They also had a re- the rite had to be administered to ligion, with some savage features, them wholesale. One priest boast- but with elaborate rites conducted ed that his daily tale of baptisms in imposing stone temples by a was from ten to twenty thousand numerous priesthood. souls. Another reported that "he The Spanish Conquisitadores, ac- did not desist until he was so excording to the religious ideas of hausted that he could not hold up the day, were men of intense, and his hands."

even fanatical piety, who regarded In this manner, in the course of their work of conquest as being a a few years, practically the entire distinctly missionary enterprise. adult native population of Mexico Along with them came a large con- was inducted into the Spanish tingent of Spanish priests, some Catholic Church.

of whom were men of real devotion The character of the Church and consecration, who spared thus established was described by themselves no labor or sacrifice in a French priest in the army of giving the natives the Gospel as Maximilian, the Abbe Domenech, they understood it. who had been deputed by Louis But the interpretation of Chris- Napoleon to investigate and report tianity which they brought over on religious conditions in Mexico. and imposed on the natives at the Speaking of the priesthood" he sword's point was the semi-Mo- says, "They make merchandise of hammedan type which had been the Sacraments and of every relideveloped in southern Spain where gious ceremony. By their exorbi- 182 tant fees they compel the poor peo- The immediate results of this ple to live without legal marriage. revolution, however, were disap- If the Pope should excommunicate pointing. The lack of general in- all priests having concubines the telligence and the lack of leaders clergy would be reduced to a very trained in republican ideals made small number." Summing up the the success of the experiment for situation in a sentence another the time being impracticable. In writer remarks: "The Christian- the readjustment which followed ity the Spaniards brought to Mex- the educated class, relatively small ico, instead of enlightening, con- in number and mostly of the Span- verting and sanctifying the people, ish element, soon acquired posses- was itself converted. Paganism sion of all political power and also was baptized and Christianity was gained possession of practically paganized." all the land. The old system of And this is the Church which, communal ownership under which through its priesthood, mostly for- the people had the right of free eign born, was for three hundred tilJage and free pasturage of the years the dominant force in Mex- community land was broken up.

ico, politically, educationally and The country was divided into great economically as well as religiously. haciendas on which the Indian and After conquering the country the half-breed element lived as depend- Conquisitadores were not them- ents and hired laborers and the selves allowed to govern it. A suc- system of enslavement for debt cession of Viceroys, coming direct known as "peonage" was devel- from Spain, brought with them oped. One man in Yucatan owned the same autocratic, paternalistic a ranch of 15,000,000 acres. One and monopolistic methods that family owned nearly half the land characterized the home govern- in the State of Chihuahua. Statis- ment. There is nothing in the rec- tics of 1910 reported 100 men as ords to show that the welfare of owning ranches of a million acres the people, whether Spanish col- each, with multitudes of smaller onists, half-breeds or natives, was ones including tracts of from ten given a thought in the plans and to twenty thousand acres each.

policies of their foreign masters. The peons on these ranches, Their one dominating objective nearly all of them illiterate, lived was to transfer as much of the in filthy adobe hovels shared by vast mineral wealth of the country the family donkey, pig and goat, as possible to the home treasury physically weakened by lack of as speedily as possible, and to pre- nourishing food and therefore pare places where representatives without initiative or energy, and of the ancient and decayed families without hope of bettering their of decadent Spain might go to re- condition.

cuperate their fortunes. This gov- The Church also gradually ac- ernment finally became so intoler- quired lands, its wealth increased, able that in the year 1820 the peo- "its temples became more sump- ple of all classes, whether Spanish tuous, the robes of the priests more colonists, pure-blood Indians or bejeweled, its altars more ostenta- half-breeds, rose up and overthrew tious and glittering." The well- it and declared their independence known sociologist, Prof. Edward of the mother country. A. Ross, is authority for the state-

ment that by 1850 the Catholic stored up for them in the soil and hierarchy controlled two thirds of mines of their country. the public wealth of the country and dominated its economic life. And at last, in President Calles, In its freedom from taxation, its and his predecessor (and probable commercbilization of its seven sac- successor), General Alvaro Obraments and all religious rites and regon, they have found leaders especially its exploitation of purga- with courage to defy all their enetory, the Church had an inex- mies and with ability so far to haustible source of revenue, and hold their own. at the date mentioned above the combined value of its property The protagonist in this contest holdings was estimated at not less on the side of privilege is the Caththan $50,000,000. olic Church, not in Mexico only but also in Rome and in the United The Liberal Reform Movement States. The two most offensive items in the liberal program were It was the great liberal states- the nationalization of church propman, Benito Juarez, a full-blood erty and the provision of the Con- Aztec Indian, who in the year 1857 led his party to temporary victory stitution of 1917 that "only a Mexand established the Constitution ican by birth may be a minister of which disestablished the Catholic any creed in Mexico." The pro- Church, prohibited monastic orders hibition of religious instruction in and nationalized church property. primary schools is also a restric- This was followed by a period of tion very grievous to the Church. civil war, in which the church hierarchy allied itself with the The Archbishop of Mexico another privileged classes, and suc- nounced in a public statement that ceeded in bringing about the the clergy would not obey these French intervention and the en- laws. The Government met the thronement of the Austrian Cath- challenge by expelling him from olic Maximilian as Emperor. The the country and by announcing battle between liberalism and priv- that all priests who refused to ilege was continued, however, with obey them would also be expelled. varying fortunes, on down through the thirty years' regime of Porfirio The Church in the United States, Diaz, who began as a liberal but led by Archbishop Curley of Baltisoon came to be the greatest of all more, then entered the lists, raischampions of privilege, until the ing the cry of religious persecufateful year of 1910. tion, and demanding intervention by our Government to prevent it. Then began the series of revolu- The matter was brought up by tions which have been the blind, resolution in Congress, and a deleand often ill directed, but the un- gation of the Knights of Columbus alterably determined effort of the waited on the President and the unprivileged masses to throw off State Department to ask for dipfor good and all the yoke of their lomatic interference. clerical and political and economic exploiters, and recover for them- Finally, as none of these measselves some reasonable share of ures availed, his Holiness Pope the bounties which nature has Pius 11th entered the lists in per- son by issuing, an encyclical, or- dering the cessation of all religious rites conducted by priests in all the churches (a measure corre-

THE STRUGGLE IN MEXICO IN 1927

sponding to the "Interdict" of schools and the elements of cul- medireval times), which it was con- ture; to teach them to live better; fidently expected would speedily to make a more homogeneous na- bring the Government to terms. tion, closing the abyss that exists Strange to say it has not. For a between a small number of wealthy year and a half the Mexican peo- people surrounded by culture and ple have gone quietly about their refinement and the great majority ways, visiting the churches for exploited by every kind of tyranny their private devotions as they felt and oppression. • inclined, and apparently discover- "I am sure that if instead of . ing that priestly ministrations maintaining these ideals I should after all are not absolutely indis- turn to the easy task of continuing pensable. the work of Porfirio Diaz, patron- The explanation of this strange, izing only the very rich, despising and – to the Pope and the hier- the common people, shooting down archy probably undreamed-of turn the laborers, wasting the resources of events-is the fact that the peo- of our land in foreign countries, ple are beginning also to make maintaining newspapers to sing some other discoveries. They are my praises and ceremoniously en- beginning to find out who are their tertaining foreign nobility and real friends. The opportunity of American capitalists, I would soon emancipation from peonage slavery obtain the false title of pacifier of and of acquiring the ownership of my country and restorer of the na- land on terms of easy purchase is tion. But I prefer to remain with- being offered them. Their children out these titles in order to perform are being taught to read and write. a great task for humanity, al- President Calles was at one time though in exchange my govern- a professional teacher and is prov- ment is slandered with the nick- ing to be an educational enthusiast. name of Bolshevist. I leave time In 1925, the budget for Primary to pass sentence."

and High School education was This declaration seems to have double that for the support of the the unmistakable note of sincerity.

army. Last year, after the gov- And accompanied as it has been by ernment educational funds were tangible and substantial benefits exhausted, about 1,500 persons, such as no previous administration mostly women, responded to the in alliance with the Church has President's tlPpeal for unremuner- brought them, it commands the ated work in teaching rural pri- confidence of the people, and it is mary schools. Numerous agricul- to be hoped will hold their loyalty tural schools and colleges are being to their great leader until his bat- founded to teach the new land tle for their long-withheld rights owners what to do with their land. is finally and completely won.

Let the President tell his own The Protestant missionaries of story of the ideals and aims of his course find themselves inconven- administration. In a recent inter- ienced to some extent by the anti- view in a leading daily of Mexico clerical provisions of the 1917 Con- City he said: "The ideal of my gov- stitution, but they are not com- ernment is to lift the mass of my plaining of them. They recognize people out of their poverty and the peculiar conditions in Mexico ignorance, to provide them with that make them necessary. They

are carrying on their work of high the good work go on. Whether school, college and theological edu- from Protestant or Catholic pul- cation and personal evangelization, pits let this unhappy people that leaving all technically ecclesiastical have so long been fed on the husks functions to the native ministry of a paganized Christianity be that they have trained, thereby taught the truth as revealed in the hastening the development of the Word of God, and the Gospel of a ipdigenous and self-propagating risen and living Saviour (instead church which has always been of a Gospel of the intercession of their objective. dead saints), which alone is the And if the day when Mexico power of God both for their per- shall be fully evangelized after the sonal and national salvation. Then Protestant ideal is long postponed, we may hope to see this country, so Protestant missions will still have richly endowed with scenic beauty justified themselves by their effect and with natural and material re- in rousing the Catholic Church sources, and inhabited by a nat- from its self-complacency and urally amiable and interesting peo- lethargy and stimulating it to in- ple, also become a creditable mem- ternal reform and beneficent ac- ber of the sisterhood of civilized tivity. More preaching is being and Christian nations. Until then done in the churches, Sunday- it will probably continue to be schools are being established, the what it has been ever since it be- Bible is being more distributed and came an independent nation, a read, and social welfare work is chronic disturber of the peace of more generally recognized as a our continent, and the open sore part of the Church's mission. Let of the Western Hemisphere.

RESULTS OF SUCCESS-FIFTY YEARS AGO M ISSIONARY reports from Mexico indicate that the Roman- ists are thoroughly alarmed. Some statements translated from Roman Catholic papers by Dr. William Butler, are as follows: "It is necessary that the Catholics rise resolutely and make a general, rapid and voluntary movement in defense of their beliefs. Today, unfortunately, the Protestants come with a SUbvention, and their teachings are extending throughout the whole country. They circulate their writings at the lowest prices, even give them away, sometimes in tracts, sometimes in papers, which is their favorite method of sowing the bad seed; and, sad to say, in exchange the Catholic weeklies and dailies are dying off for lack of subscribers to sustain them……. Protestantism is becoming truly .alarming among us. The Protestants are circulating their works in abundance…… Meanwhile the Catholic papers are dying off," etc.

Quotation from THE MISSIONARY REVIEW, Vol. I, page 105,1878.

UNCLAIMED FOR CHRIST*

BY ROBERT E. SPEER, New York City Secretary Of the PresbyteriOJn Board Of Foreign Mis8ion8 /ROUND the walls of the chapel across the flooded farm lands, and .£1.. of the Hill School of Potts- hour after hour we passed over town, Pennsylvania, are rows what had been the field of Max of little bronze tablets, commem- Chaplin's brief missionary career.

orating the lives of boys from the There were cities and villages in- school who have finished their numerable until at last we came to work in the world. The latest of the hillside from which we looked these tablets is a memorial to Max- down on his station in Showchow, well Chaplin, a graduate of the one of the oldest cities of China.

school and of Princetgn University and Hartford Seminary. He went 'ITnevangelized Geographical Areas out to give a brief, but glorious life In all these cities and villages by to China, and died of cholera in which we had come there was not the early months of the year before one Christian, Chinese or foreign, last. He was a rugged personality, trying to make our Saviour known.

a strong hater of wrong, especially As we looked off from the hillside of what he conceived to be the above Showchow, here and there wrong of war, but one of the chief on the dry land and amid the elements in his strength was its flooded waters, we could see the tender gentleness. On the simple little green patches of trees that bronze tablet, under the name and betokened the presence of the un- the dates, these are the words: counted villages where stilI Jesus "Gentle strength and noble heart, a Christ is to be proclaimed.

lover of all mankind. The children of the The nearest other mission sta- Hill have passed this way." tion was hours and hours away.

What was the way that Max Under the old modes of travel it Chaplin passed? It was the way was days and days distant. Later out to the neglected and uncared we stood on the little hillside be- for places of the earth and into side the Taoist temple, behind that those wide areas of human life, neighboring station and tried to where Jesus Christ has not yet count the towns and villages on been adequately made known. A those wide plains in which Christ little over a year ago Mrs. Roys was yet to be made known. The and Dr. Hugh Kerr and I followed haze of the distance buried in- the geographical way that he had numerable villages, and I could not gone to his station far up in the count them all, but, as far as the heart of China. As we made our eye could see, they dotted the land- way in the little launch over the scape. Seven hundred and fifty I flooded country, covered as far as counted on that one plain, looking the eye could see by the overrun- out from that one hill, and in most ning waters of the river Hwai, our of these towns Christ's story is boatman made no attempt to fol- still to be told.

low the channel. He steered as his These are not exceptional condi- soundings indicated he might go, tions that one has to face in our • An address delivered at the Student Volunteer Convention, Detroit.

187

world today, not in an unreal or ern China and you would barely unknown world, but in the actual have one Christian for each city world in which our lives must be and village. Canton would have lived and our duty done. These one Christian and all other cities are representative conditions. No only one Christian, down to the doubt one cannot exaggerate the last village.

extent of the diffusion of Chris- And this condition is true not of tianity all through the world, but China only. Summer before last neither can one exaggerate the I spent part of the summer in the magnitude of those areas in our great northern islimd of Japan, present world, nineteen centuries Hokkaido. It is frontier territory since Christianity began, where that reminds one of the frontier Jesus Christ is still an unknown settlements in Alaska and North- personality and power. ern Canada. There one finds vil- On this trip we attended many lages by the hundred, half a dozen gatherings of Chinese and mission- cities of fifty thousand population ary leaders in different parts of each, in which there was not one China. Everywhere we asked them preacher or teacher of the Gospel honestly to tell us whether the of the Saviour of the world. There work was measurably done or are 12,116 communities in Japan, whether we must go back to the cities, towns and villages with less Church at home and to the oncom- than eight thousand Christian ing student generation and say workers, foreign and Japanese.

that the Christian task still lies Distribute one to every city and ahead, the great mass and volume smaller community in Japan and of it unaccomplished. there would be 3,800 communities In Shantung, one of the most left in which there would be no one populous provinces, we asked how able to make Christ known.

many of the villages are evangel- Turn to the other lands, the ized in that province which is one Moslem lands. A few years ago of the best supplied in a Christian I traveled in bitter winter weather way in all China. Reduce evan- across the whole breadth of gelism to its very lowest expres- Northern Persia. We rode from sion, and say how many villages the Afghan border, six hundred are visited by any Christian Chi- miles from Meshed to the city of nese or foreigner once a year. Teheran, and in all that long reach They could not allege that one we passed city after city along our twentieth of the villages of Shan- road in which there was no one tung have heard the Gospel once a preaching this Gospel of the year from any missionary or world's Saviour.

Chinese Christian. We asked the Turn to the great nations who same question in the Province of are our nearest neighbors. In the Kwangtung, a province half the Montevideo congress, called by the size of France, at the other end evangelical churches of South of China, with a population of America, a large map was before 28,500,000 Chinese and only 36,000 us which showed "a continent with- Christians. You might distribute in a continent." Cut off a great those 36,000 Christians, one by one, littoral strip of one hundred fifty over all the towns and cities and or two hundred miles from the sea- villages of that Province of South- coast around the continent, and we

AREAS UNCLAIMED FOR CHRIST

have the unevangelized heart of tian folk began to gather a few of South America, twice the size of the sightless under their care. the unreached heart of Asia and a million square miles greater than There are more than a million unthe corresponding heart of Africa. cared-for blind in the world. This heart of South America contains 26,500,000 people. You could Think of the great masses of draw lines four thousand miles north and south and two thousand physical suffering and. disease. east and west and never touch any Here is a paragraph from the re- Christian agency, Protestant or Roman Catholic. After four hun- port that ex-President Eliot, of dred years, we were told, the Ro- Harvard, made to the Carnegie man Catholic Church itself still regards this interior continent as a Foundation several years ago when missionary field. he presented his report called These only illustrate present-day "Highways to Peace," describing conditions. There has been an immense diffusion of the knowledge things that had made the deepest of Christ but we still face a largely unevangelized world and the impression on him in the great "laborers" are few. lands of Asia: Unevangelized Classes of Humanity "Whether we look at disease and pre- mature death as sources of heavy indus- We need to remind ourselves not trial losses, or as preventable causes of alone of these crass numerical and grievous human suffering, we find the geographical facts, but we need to gift of Western medicine and surgery to remember also the great groups the Oriental populations to be one of and classes of human need still the most precious things that Western waiting to feel those impulses from civilization can do for the East. To Christ that have been pictured for spread through the East the knowledge us so vividly. There are the lepers of Western medicine and sanitation by of the world-nobody knows how building and conducting good hospitals, many. There may be two million. dispensaries and laboratories for medical One out of every fifteen hundred diagnosis, establishing boards of health, in Northern India is a leper, and and providing defenses against plague, there are tens of thousands more cholera, smallpox and tuberculosis, is in other lands, for whom not a the surest way to persuade intelligent hand has ever been lifted except a people in the East that they may expect Christian hand. Most of them are much good from the inductive philosophy still uncared for by any heart of of the West acting in combination with love. The program of Christ of the Christian religion in its simplest which we speak so easily contains forms. There is no better subject than a specific item with regard to the medicine in which to teach the universal leper and also with regard to the inductive method. blind. Think of the innumerable blind of the world, 100,000 in the "Any Western organization which de- United Provinces of Northern In- sires to promote friendly intercourse dia alone. For them no religion with an Oriental people can do nothing has ever done anything until Chris- better than contribute to the introduc- tion of Western medicine, surgery, and sanitation into China. The field for such beneficent work is immense, the obstacles to be overcome are serious but not in- superable, and the reward in the future comparative well-being of the Chinese is sure. The Chinese people are too intel- ligent not to trace practical beneficence to its spiritual sources, and to draw all the just inferences."

President Eliot had no question of the right and duty of the West to "invade the culture" of the East and to share with men everywhere the truth which the West knows about the world and human life. What impressed him most deeply

was the great mass of preventable mortality. Statistical studies of human suffering to be found in child mortality indicate that 71 lands where such suffering had per cent of the babies in Persia die never been cared for as it could be before they are five years of age; only where the great ideas about 75 per cent of the babies in Central life come. pouring from the well- Africa, according to Dr. Howard spring of the love and the light Cook, of Uganda, die within the and the life of Christ. first week of their age; 50 per cent There are in China today, at the of the children in Kashmir (rep- largest estimate, not more than resenting a great section of South- 1,500 physicians trained in modern ern Asia), according to Dr. Neve, medicine. Of all those, probably die within the first five years of nine tenths are in a few of the their age. In Chile, which ought large cities. Over great areas of to be a health paradise, one third China we cannot find one compe- die in early infancy.

tent physician to one, two, or three One contrasts all this with con- millions of people. ditions where the influence of The conditions are as bad in Christ has more adequately gone.

Persia. Outside of four or five In Great Britain and America, cities, I doubt whether you could child mortality is only 8 per cent find five qualified physicians in under the age of twelve. Every modern medicine for ten millions little child, born under Christian Of people. influences, has from two to ten Eighty-five per cent of the pop- times the chance of life that a child ulation of India lives in the vil- has that is born in the non-Chris- lages, and eighty-five per cent of tian lands. The slaughter of the the doctors of India are in the innocents at Bethlehem is as noth- cities. The death rate, as is the ing in comparison with the avoid- case in Chile also, is three times able child mortality in the non- that of Great Britain or the United Christian world today.

States. Behind all this one thinks of the In our mod-ern world today, women and girls of the world who there is an instantaneous demand have been shut out from their for not less than 100,000 new doc- equal rights for generations and tors adequately trained, to go into centuries. I will not speak of them neglected areas to deal with human in the whole and I will not quote suffering and disease. They any supposably prejudiced testi- should not all come from the mony with regard to them in part.

Western lands; most of them Here are two words from India, should be raised up in the lands from two men whose voices would where they dwell, but these are be ace e pte d as authoritative real conditions that must be con- through the length and breadth of fronted now by all those of all the India, Mr. GSlndhi and Lala Lajpat lands on whom the responsibility Rai. This was the word of Lala rests to bring the Gospel and the Lajpat Rai at a Hindu Conference, spirit of Christ to bear on all the held two years ago in Bombay: needs of human life. "The condition of our child widows is indescribable. God may bless those Behind all this mass of adult suf- who are opposed to their remarriage but fering lies a more pitiful mass still their position induces so many abuses of child suffering and preventable and brings about so much moral and

AREAS UNCLAIMED FOR CHRIST

physical misery as to cripple society as Pennsylvania, and Ohio combined, a whole and handicap it in the struggle with a popUlation just a little less for life." than that of the population of the state of New York. In that area And these are Mr. Gandhi's they told us that not one tenth of words in Young India regarding the children would ever have any child marriages and enforced opportunity for education at all. widowhood: "It is sapping the vitality of thou- They went on to speak of the whole sands of our promising boys and girls on whom the whole future of Indian so- Near East, by no means the darkciety entirely rests. It is bringing into est corner of the world, with its existence every year thousands of weak- shadows of human need, of Bullings, both boys and girls, who are born garia with one fifth of its children of immature parents. It is a very fruit- dying before twelve months of age, ful source of the appalling child-mor- of Armenia with one doctor to tality and stillbirths now prevailing in 5,000 and no nurses, while in our society. It is a very important America we have one doctor to 700 cause of the gradual and steady decline and one trained nurse to 340 peoof Hindu society in point of numbers, ple. physical strength, and courage, and morality."

Then look beyond all these great Our friends from China know classes of human need to the mass what it is. One of the progressive of intellectual night. Our Lord young leaders of China was telling spoke literally when He called several years ago of a piece of Himself the "Light of the World," work he had done in traveling to for where He has gone, the light and fro in China trying to arouse has broken and men have sought his people to the realization of the eagerly for all truth and have task confronting them in the modshared what they knew with the ern world. He went from one rest of mankind and of womankind Chamber of Commerce to another too. But every non-Christian re- and he had devised all kinds of ligion has left the mass of its peo- charts and diagrams to make vivid ple illiterate. China's plight to these Chinese Recently I attended one of the leaders. In the Chamber of Com- last meetings of the Near East merce of Tungchow, he told of Survey Committee. This Commit- China's undeveloped resources- tee is made up largely of skilled her poverty in the instrumentali- and experienced men, to conduct a ties of progress and energy and survey of the whole Near East with production-and he came to speak regard to its future problems and of her intellectual handicaps. He necessities and its claims upon the had a chart on which he pressed Western world. They had elim- buttons so that long ribbons came inated religion from their survey out to show the percentage of il- but there have been few more care- literacy in various lands. He ful and scrupulous and capable pressed buttons for Germany, examinations of the economic, in- France, Great Britain, Japan with dustrial, and ethical condition of their almost negligible ratios of any region of the world than they illiteracy. Then he went on have made of the Near East. One through the darker lands until he of their number drew a picture of came to China, and as he was about Persia, Syria and Irak-a land as to put his finger on that button, the large as New England, New York, President of the Chamber of Com-

merce rose, with tears running that we fail to realize how far down his cheeks, and said: "Young Christ has brought us to a more man, don't press that button. We human, a more brotherly, a more have seen all that our hearts can Christlike sense of relationship of bear. Show us no more of our the races in that great family that shame." is of only one blood witn one We are not thinking of these Father over all. But, even yet, things in terms of shame, we are how far we have to go! That men thinking of them in terms of great will read with such zest a book human need, in terms of human ap- like "Trader Horn" today shows peal of the whole world, to those for one thing how much there is who may share what they have yet to be done and how far we with the rest of mankind. As we have passed from the old days of are facing now the areas in which which that book deals.

Jesus Christ is not adequately Enough has been said on race known, we shall not be dealing relationships, but we have not con- justly with our real world if we sidered so adequately those great forget the indisputable facts of realms of economic development the remaining unoccupied fields of that lie ahead of us, where for the the world. whole world there will be suffering and disaster, unless Christ can be Unevangelized Areas of Corporate Life made known and given a lordship In the third place, let us remind that He does not have today. There ourselves again of the great realms is no use thinking that we can turn and areas of corporate life into back the tides of economic and me- which Jesus Christ needs to be chanical progress and reverse the more fully borne. great processes that are making These realms of life concern the men masters of the world and of whole world. Our purpose is not time. We ought to save all we can to segregate these areas of need. of old household industry but Mr.

They call the whole Christian Gandhi's dream of going back to a Church to make Christ known day when man shaII discard ma- across the length and breadth of chinery, except the crude and the whole life of man. There are primitive hand machinery of an great realms where Christ is in- early time, is a hopeless and im- adequately known, or if known, is possible dream. The machine age unacknowledged as Lord; realms is inevitable but thank God we still where the relationships of the na- stand, so far as most of the world tions and the peoples intertwine. is concerned, only on the threshold We have made more progress than of the great problem which it pre- some of us realize. But even so, sents.

how much is there still to be done We have been given, I think, an before Jesus Christ's lordship is exaggerated idea as to how far our recognized as fully in these ranges modern industrialism has eaten its of collective relationships as we way into the life of Asia. Accord- are ready to recognize it in the ing to the latest avaHable statistics sphere of the individual life. In there are 130,000 cotton factory this other field of relationship of operatives in the whole of China, race to race, so close are we to and in the greatest center of Chi- these great acute problems today nese factory manufacture, in

AREAS UNCLAIMED FOR CHRIST

Shanghai, there were about 180,- to enact or enforce them. Indeed, 000 operators in cotton and silk in the treaty governing these mat- mills and factories of every kind, ters made in Washington a few one eighth of them children under years ago, China herself was ex- twelve. Japan, with one sixth of pressly exempted from the obliga- China's population, has ten times tion to bind herself to observe the its number of factory workers. regulations regarding protection This great influence that is slowly of labor. We do not hear much and inevitably passing across the about that "unequal treaty" in world has barely touched the fringe China; it is one of those inequali- of Chinese life as yet. But, alas, ties within her own power to cor- what will happen if it goes further rect.

before Christ has been made its I have seen with my own eyes, master! things that nobody who has seen Here is an advertisement that will ever erase from the tablets of appeared a few years ago in one his memory. In a match factory, of the papers in Shanghai, issued up in the heart of China, where by one of the great mills for the there were no foreigners, but all purpose of inducing additional in- are Chinese, I saw little boys and vestment in its stock. Miss Bur- girls from six years of age up, ton quoted it at the Washington working for twelve hours a day Missionary Convention: while the supervisors walked up "The profits of the factory and down between the benches surpassed $1,000,000. For the past two with long laths in their hands to years it has been running night and day see that the tiny little ones did not loiter in their work. The eye with scarcely any intermission. The could not follow the speed of move- ment of those little hands. Here number of hands employed is 2,500, and was the great, impersonal unhuthe following is the wage table per day: man energy of our modern ma- chine organization, uncontrolled by "Men-15 to 25 cents; women-10 to human sympathies, eating into the deepest life of the Chinese people. 15 cents; boys above 15 years-10 to 15 It is easier to say that Christ must cents; girls above 15 years-5 to 10 be Lord of industry than to say how it is to be accomplished. But cents; small boys and girls under 10 the need of making Him known years–from 31h to 10 cents. and served in this realm is as real "The working hours are from five- as the need in a man's own per- thirty in the morning until five-thirty in the evening, and from five-thirty in the evening until five-thirty in the morning. No meals are supplied by the factory.

"It will be seen that the company is in an exceptionally favorable condition with an abundant supply of cheap labor to draw from. The annual profits have exceeded the total capital on at least three occasions."

It will not do to throw stones at sonal life.

any particular nationality, for In considering areas of life after all the worst conditions are where Christ must be made Lord, those with which China herself we cannot shut our eyes to those alone can deal. The international great realms of life, near or far, labor regulations have been meas- that are calling today mutely per- urably adopted in the Japanese haps but as vividly and pitifully, mills in China. They are more or for a remedy which Christ and less observed in some of the other Christ alone can supply by His mills in China, but the Chinese spirit and truth.

government has never attempted (To be concluded in April.) 2

A VENEZUELAN EVANGELICAL

BY JOHN CHRISTIANSEN, Rubio, Venezuela ALTHOUGH Protestant mis- zuela, which is fast gaining on the f l sionary work in the Repub- capital. The church in Maracaibo lie of Venezuela is compara- has the largest membership of any tively new, there are already a evangelical church in Venezuela.

number of different missions work- It has the largest attendance at its ing here, and a strong sentiment regular meetings, and the largest is developing toward establishing church building, with the finest a nation-wide evangelical work, and best-equipped 3:uditorium of that will help to unite the Chris- any of the evangelical churches.

tians in mutual cooperation, in- The mission in Maracaibo also has stead of forming separate and the largest evangelical grammar rival denominations. school, the largest and oldest evan- Most of the missions in Vene- gelical paper, and the only evan- zuela are interdenominational, and gelical book store in the country.

practically all the Protestants in At the conference in Maracaibo the Republic call themselves six states in Venezuela and one in "Evangelico8." The churches are Colombia were represented. The usually known as "The Evangelical Venezuelan delegates 'outnumbered Church" of such and such a place. the missionaries, and a splendid This fact naturally favors the de- spirit of union and mutual under- velopment of unity and coopera- standing was manifested.

tion, and it is perhaps difficult to The plans for developing an find any mission field in the world evangelical church in Venezuela where so many missions are work- that would be one in spirit, pur- ing and yet where denominational pose and cooperation, were heartily names are so little known as in endorsed, and it was unanimously Venezuela. decided to hold a similar conference For the present it is proposed the next year, including the same that evangelical Christians plan to territory. It was also resolved gather in sectional conferences, in that efforts be put forth at once the three main topographical di- toward interesting the groups in visions of the country; and when the eastern part of the Republic such sectional conferences are well in meeting together as soon as pos- established, representatives will be sible for a sectional conference of elected for national conferences in that territory, in order that later order to promote unity and cooper- a national conference might be ation among the evangelical Chris- called together.

tians of the whole Republic. During the conference quite a Last year, during the first week revival broke out in the evenings of August, the first of these sec- which were open to the public.

tiona1 conferences met in the city Nearly seventy-five persons pub- of Maracaibo. It was providential licly came forward in the meetings that the first gathering of this kind to accept salvation in Christ. This in the country should be held in was really the crowning point of the second largest city in Vene- the conference.

194

· A RURAL EVANGELICAL CHURCH IN PORTO

CREATIVE SERVICE IN PORTO RICO BY REV. ARTHUR JAMES, San Germain, Porto Rico M ISSIONAR.Y work is likely pIe, anything akin to the spirit of to be misinterpreted by self-sacrifice that is behind all mis- , undue emphasis on the sionary activity. In other words. amount of money spent in a given has the money spent in Porto Rico country through a mIssIonary during the past thirty years and agency. Much. no doubt. might be the missionary work that has gone said in favor of this side of mis- with it. transformed the characters sionary work. It is refreshing for and lives of Porto Ricans and the Porto Rican missionary. for in- created in them a desire to support . stance. when such pointed criticism and perpetuate the churches and is being leveled at the American other institutions established by corporations for taking so much continental enterprise? money out of the country. to know Last year the churches belongthat the organizations interested ing to the Evangelical Union. a in tne evangelization of Porto Rico group which includes all but three are spending annually in the coun- of 'the Protestant denominations try $500.000 and that this half working in Porto Rico. collected a million is a decided help in the total of $80.035. which is about economic development of the thirty-five per cent of the total island. Missionary work. however. amount spent for church work by cannot be justified in the mere the different boards and local spending of money. The test is churches together. On the basis of rather as to whether the spending membership, this sum represents of the money has created anything $6.00 per capita,-a very creditable worth while in the lives of the peo- showing when we consider the 195

poverty in Porto Rico and the fact . Since the beginning of missionthat $6.00 is more than the aver- ary service in Porto Rico, thirty age benevolent offering of the con- years ago, most of the work of the tinental Protestant church mem- Evangelical churches has been in ber. the country, where so many of our Porto Rican people live. In order The greater part of the money to conduct this work better, Protsent down by the sustaining boards estant rural chapels have sprung is for the more frontier type of up all over the island. The most missionary activity. All the larger interesting thing about them is centers of population in Porto Rico that each of these fifty or sixty have now either self-supporting THE NEW PRFlRBYTERIAN CHunCH IN SAN AN'I'ONIO, PUlt'l'U IiH:U churches, or churches that might buildings has been erected by become self-supporting with a little money raised in the community. adjustment of their budgets. If, Not a cent has come from outside instead of spending part of money of the island. "Where your treasthey raise in benevolent enterprise, ure is, there will your heart be they spent it on the church itself also." they would require no help from the board or any other outside The most profound change in agency. There are at least twenty- the policy of the Protestant work five evangelical churches in Porto in Porto Rico during the past ten Rico that are in this category- years is the placing of the control churches whose total income ex- of the local churches in the hands ceeds the pastor's salary and other of the Porto Rican ministry. Usspecific church expenses. ing my own denomination as an illustration, eleven years ago there

CREATIVE SERVICE IN PORTO RICO

were twelve American mission- part of Porto Rican Evangelical aries in the Presbyterian Mission. Christians to share the Gospel with Each of these men ministered to a others. A few years ago the Relocal church and supervised three public of Santo Domingo was pracor four helpers. As the years have tically virgin territory for Protgone by and these American mis- estantism. Realizing this, the sionaries have resigned, their Porto Rican Christians sent one of places have been taken by the their own number to San Pedro de young Porto Rican ministers who Macoris and supported him for have been trained in the public years-until help from the North BlHLE SCHOOL OF THE ISABELLAEVANG~]LICAL CHURCH IN PORTO RICO schools of Porto Rico and in our enabled the Protestant forces to Interdenominational Seminary at work the country more efficiently. Rio Piedras. Today all the Pres- Today by voluntary contributions byterian churches in Porto Rico of the members of the Porto Rican have native pastors. The three Evangelical churches, the great continental missionaries that re- province of Barahona is being main are in school and administra- evangelized. What better evidence tive work. is wanted as to whether the Porto Rican appreciates the evangelical To the mission force itself per- message? What is more conclusive haps the outstanding evidence of than a service that has created the worth-whileness of the evan- service? There are large opportunigelical work in Porto Rico is the ties for such service in Porto Rico. genuine and evident desire on the Never was it more clear than today that Christ is the hope of the nations. For those who realize this truth there can be no higher ambition than to be allowed, like St. Paul, to preach the Gospel where Christ is not already named.

SOUTHERN MOUNTAINEERS

PRESENT AND FUTURE BY J. M. SOMERNDIKE, New York Dilrector of Church Extension. and Missions} Board of N ationa.l Missions.. presbyterian Church. U. S. A.

T IME has lingered in the Ap- Writ. He never questions the su- palachians. Although many pernatural, but stands in awe of sections of the mountains it. His application of Biblical lore have been forced out of their for- to the smallest details of every day mer isolation by the construction life, and his hair-splitting doctrinal of highways and the inroads of disputations, colored by sectarian industry, the life and habits of the prejudices, which also he has inaverage mountaineer of the pres- herited from his ancestors, make ent differ but little from those of him a difficult pupil. What he his fathers. He farms with the terms "the new ways of the fursame crude implements used by his riners" are anathema. The untu- forefathers and obstinately op- tored mountain preacher of the poses "new-fangled contraptions." present, like those of the past, He lives in the log cabin, typical shouts, sobs and exhorts, unhamof the home of the earliest pio- pered in thought or speech by neers. It consists of one large room "book larnin'." His mind is unenwith a narrow porch, a plank door, cumbered by "man's wisdom" a stone chimney built on the out- which in his judgment serves only side, a single opening for a window to interfere with the free operation which more frequently is without of the mind and spirit under the a sash, and a "lean-to" in the rear influences of an unseen Power up- for a kitchen. A few straight- on which he depends for his mesbacked, rush bottom chairs, with sage. Sectarian prejudice and low seats, often an old spinning- competition are manifested everywheel and hand loom, and a bed, where. On one occasion one of the comprise the furnishings of the native preachers learned that we average home. These too have were going to conduct a Sunday- been handed down "from genera- school and preaching service in the tion to generation." schoolhouse. Being opposed to Like his forefathers, the Appa- Sunday-schools because "they are lachian mountaineer believes in not mentioned in the Bible," he the "pure religion" of the Bible, promptly arranged for an opposiand to him it is the final word of tion service. Three "United Bapauthority. His exegesis is rather tist" preachers were expected, but inadequate, from our point of view, only one came. The people, how- and is quaintly humorous at times, ever, came prepared to remain for but one is impressed by his deep an extended service. Finding two reverence for the Word and by his other preachers, a "Regular Bapinstinctive sense of kinship with tist and a Primitive Baptist," not God and nature. He readily finds being a difficult task, the congre- an interpretation for the most ob- gation demanded that each of them scure and difficult passage in Holy should conduct a service. Under 198 the rules of their respective on a rail fence, on the edge of a churches, they reminded their con- cornfield or under a tree, with a gregation that they would each be squirrel gun in his hand, idling excommunicated for taking part in away the time, alone or with coma service conducted by a preacher panions of similar taste, whose representing another sect. The claim to a place in society is based difficulty was finally resolved by upon having "killed his man." A the agreement of each preacher to still more popular picture portrays Close his service officially with the him as engaged in the surreptitious benediction, the next preacher im- distilling of illicit whisky, and mediately opening a new service. cleverly eluding the vigilance of A TYPICAL FAMILY OF SOUTHERN MOUNTAINEERS AND 'fHEIR CABIN Needless to say, it was an "all-day the revenue officer, suspicious of meetin'." all strangers lest they prove to be government agents in disguise. So the present is linked to the Far too little has been said and past in Appalachia. What was written about the homely virtues good enough for the generations of the mountaineer, their love of that have passed is considered good home and kinfolk: their unstinted enough today. The average Moun- hospitality; their spirit of neightaineer is contented with his life borliness and willingness to share and meager resources on the prin- their little with others who are in ciple that "enough's a plenty." But more difficult circumstances; their we must be fair. The mountaineer love of nature; their loyalty to has been described too frequently family and friends; their simplicas a tall, gaunt, loose-jointed in- ity and contentment; and their dividual, with looser morals, seated

keen mental perception, which is are so clearly apparent that it can so apparent in the rapidity with be said, without the shadow of unwhich they advance when cultural certainty, that here at least is a advantages are placed within their mission field where one can see the reach. And they do respond in a gospel seed springing into life and remarkable way when we enter in- bearing perennial fruitage. to their lives and helpfully lead them. They cannot be driven, nor Because of these encouragements cajoled, but they recognize and will follow devotedly a wise and helpful men and women with real devotion leader such as most of our mission- and self-sacrifice are giving their aries have proven themselves to lives to the evangelization of this be. Likewise under such leader- region. Who could listen to the ship, the improvement in local con- story of the transformation of dition& is' amazing. For five years Glory Creek and fail to experience we have been conducting a mission a quickening of the missionary Sunday-school at New Bethel spirit? Twenty years ago Glory (Jackson County) in the Tennes- Creek was as lawless and godless see hills. "In five years this Sun- as any part of the southern mounday school has grown into an tains. When the missionary began there, he made the acquaintance of organized church of fifty-two mem- "Devil Bill" Adkins who, in addibers. This community has been without regular preaching for tion to having killed several men, twenty years and without any was leader of the Adkins clan. Christian teaching. It is twenty- "Devil Bill" after some hesitation five miles to the nearest railroad agreed to lend his support to an station and it has meager public all-day meeting to be held at the school facilities. As the result of Glory schoolhouse. He warned the the work of this Sunday school and mlssionary, however, that the the ministry of the missionary the meeting might be a failure. entire community has changed. One young man from this school "Hit'll be alright," he declared, and church was received by the "ef Jeff Kinter don't take a notion Presbytery at its last meeting, as to shoot up the place. The Kinters a candidate for the ministry. His is powerful set aginst church doin's sister and one other girl have com- and everybody knows that the Kinpleted the high school course at ters and the Adkinses aint Alpine and are now teaching in a'courtin'." the public schools of the county. One other girl from this school is The service was well attended by working her way through Alpine the Adkinses and their sympathiz- ers and by neutrals who had no Institute. The young man is now clan affiliation. Scarcely had the director of organized young peo- missionary started to speak, howple's work for the Presbytery." ever, when there was a resounding crash against the side of the school- As a: matter of fact, the trans- house. It did not take long to find out what had happened. The Kinformations that have been wrought ter clan, unarmed, had come down through the work of the Sunday- to look things over at the school- house and one of their number had school missionaries, Bible teachers, not resisted the temptation to missionary pastors and mission throw a rock against the side of schools among the mountaineers the building. Nobody had guns but

SOUTHERN MOUNTAINEERS, PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE

there was a creek near by where and strength of by-gone days upon there was an abundance of smooth them. The difference is they are stones. Both the Kinters and the now fighting side by side as soldiers Adkins equipped themselves with of the Cross, for both are officers this ready-made ammunition and, of the church. Their names are for a few minutes, the bombard- Jeff Kinter and "Devil Bill" Adment was severe. The Kinters, kins. outnumbered, were finally put to rout, leaving five bleeding and un- The present plight of the mounconscious men behind them. Sev- taineers is the natural result of eral of the Adkinses were injured isolation and neglect. The tides of also. It is a tribute to mountaineer progress have swept over and beethics that the wounded of both yond them. Instead of being taken sides received careful treatment. up and carried forward with the advance movements in education, THE CHURCH AND RECREA'l'IO~ BUILDING AT A MOUN'l'AIN SE'l"l'LEMEN'l', WEi:lT VIRGINIA Visit Glory Creek today and be- agriculture and social progress, hold the change. The old frame they have been left far in the rear schoolhouse has given way to a to struggle for themselve& and to newer and more modern structure, grope their way without resource a good road has placed the com- to higher levels of social and remunity within four hours of ligious and intellectual attainment. Charleston and, best of all, where But chief of all these reasons for the old schoolhouse stood there is backwardness is the failure to rectoday a beautiful little church. If ognize the strategic importance of you were to go there on any Sun- teaching and training the rising day morning you would see two generation and opening their eyes men sitting together on the front to the true meaning of life. Where row. They are both a little deaf tens of thousands of dollars have and they sometimes have difficulty been expended merely to maintain in hearing everything that is said, preaching services for adult Chrisbut there is still some of the fire tians, an u t t e r I y inadequate

amount has been invested in the are following a program that is Christian nurture of the mountain adapted to the needs, the tempera- children, yet the money invested ment and environment of the peo- in the training of the children and ple. Church buildings are being youth has not only wrought com- erected, not merely as "meetin'

plete transformations of family houses," but equipped to carry for- life and community relationships, ward a full program of service to but has assured continued advance- the local community. The Church ment for the coming generations. is cooperating in an effective way Notwithstanding their lack of with such organizations as the Na- advantages, the boys and girls of tional Red Cross and State Boards the southern mountains are one of of Health and Education, beside the Nation's greatest assets. They a .number of enterprises of a phil- have proven their ability to rise. anthropic character which aim to- Their capacity for development is ward both social and economic limited only by their opportunities. improvement. Better methods of They are quick, alert, physically agriculture are being effectively vigorous and mentally resourceful. demonstrated and the mountaineer They respond readily to every ef- is gradually emerging from his fort to improve their condition and proverbial contentment with pov- they are eager to acquire knowl- erty into an appreciation of the edge. Undoubtedly the hope of possibilities of economic independ- this entire region lies in the win- ence. Good roads are being built ning and training of the great mul- in place of difficult mountain trails.

titudes of children and young Streams are being bridged and people, most of whom are growing communication with the outside into maturity without any knowl- world is now made possible for edge of those things that will in- thQse whose parents have never terpret life to them in the largest traveled more than a mile from and fullest sense. There is no form their own cabin door in the course of missionary or educational effort of a lifetime. Sanitary measures which will contribute in a larger are being introduced, health cen- way toward Kingdom building or ters established with free dispen- toward national welfare than work saries, and children are being in behalf of the children of the persistently taught and trained in southern mountains. the practice of healthful habits, The Outlook for the Future which make for the prevention of the diseases prevalent among The situation is hopeful. The the mountaineers, most of which outlook for the mountaineer is are the result of the unsanitary more promising today than ever conditions under which they have before. The results of wise plan- been living. Infant mortality has ning on the part of mission boards already shown a marked decrease.

are already beginning to be seen Government agents are active in in the improved conditions of introducing modern methods of en- many localities which but a few riching the soil, enabling the peo- years ago were utterly destitute. ple to cultivate larger and better Churches are being developed un- crops; they are demonstrating der the continuing ministry of successful methods of animal hus- well-trained, consecrated men who bandry, and are encouraging the

extension of the dairying industry. the benefit of this portion of their Community clubs, pig clubs, corn citizenship whose progress has clubs and other organizations for been retarded becalise of their lack boys and girls are awakening of such advantages. youthful ambitions, and training the rising generation to visualize These things point toward the the rich values which are readily dawn of a new day for the mounattainable by the wisely directed taineer. While much has been acuse of time and energy. Schools complished, much remains to be are rapidly becoming better and done. Patience, persistence and the school term is being length- the continued investment of conseened. More competent teachers crated lives and money in even are being secured and slowly, but larger measure will be required for many years to come in order 'to lift YOUNG MOUNTAINEERS IN 'J'RAJNING l<'OR CHRIS'l'IAN LEADERSHIP surely, better equipment is being these five millions of people to highprovided. The activities of Prot- er levels. The result of what is estant mission boards have been being done will not be realized fully one of the chief factors in the ad- within the present generation, but vance in education. While they the next generation will be so far have provided the means of obtain- in advance of the present that they ing an education for thousands of will find themselves again united mountain youth who otherwise with the life-currents of the nation would have grown up in illiteracy, to whose birth and preservation they have at the same time demon- they have contributed so largely strated to the civic authorities the in the past. They will also become necessity and the value of extend- a mighty force in the development ing public school facilities into the of a citizenship thoroughly Ameriremotest parts of their domain, for can and truly Christian.

AND MONEY FIFTY YEARS

BY HARRY S. MYERS, New York The BOGrd of M"''''Ol1GrY Cooperation of t"e Nort"ern Bapti8t Convent/o,; O NE of David Livingstone's "geographical exploration," and famous sayings has a very that prepare us better for the mis- pertinent application at this sionary task that yet remains. The time: "The end of the geographical records of the American Baptist feat is the beginning of the mis- Foreign Mission Society for 1900sionary enterprise." Livingstone 1902 contain statements as applicawas doubtless thinking of his ble to conditions in China today geographical explorations – the and to some interpretations of discovery of mountains, lakes, those conditions as though they had rivers, villages, and the making of been written during the last few correct maps and charts. Our mis- months. We are always exploring. sion work for the last half century has largely been a geographical The Student Volunteer Movesurvey and study. We have added ment* held its first convention in to simple descriptive and physical Cleveland in 1891. The secretarial geography the life of the people, and missionary speakers at that more elaborate accounts of their convention probably represented characters, their customs, dress, an average cross-section of the characteristics, education, social missionary thinking of such groups and moral conditions, ideals and at that time. Not every speaker religion. would agree with the selections from the printed reports given be- Now we are ready to begin the low but they fairly represent the actual missionary task of making appeals and interpretations at Christian and Christ-like every re- that time: lationship in each of these characteristics and customs. During 1. Religious experience was intense. the Interchurch World Movement Appeals were often deeply emotional. period one denominational secretary is reported to have said that 2. The Bible was quoted freely and if we raised all the money then literally. Proof texts with rather arbiasked for, it would end missionary trary exegesis were used as final. New contributions. This interpretation Testament methods of work were held was at least given to some state- as models. ment of his and the statement made more difficult the attempt to secure 3. Our main responsibility was to give pledges. We now face a world the verbal message of the knowledge of whose needs we know better than God to the people of the nations as soon we knew them fifty or twenty or as possible. even ten years ago. We know better now than we did then that 4. Soul winning had great emphasis. Christ is the world's only hope. No values except those related to the spiritual life were mentioned. The mission work of the last 5. One speaker warned against recentury has revealed conditions liance on learning, but urged knowledge that we may liken to Livingstone's of God. One thought we had nothing to learn from the heathen, but it was wise to study their religions to avoid errors in discussion.

6. Heathenism was unmitigated dark- ness. Darkest London would be a candle of light in China.

• The following fncts from the report of the ~~:ts~;~fl~tb:~~ni~6n~~;~~~~lena~nvention 204 7; The mention of social needs was developed. The enterprise is now incidental. ready to begin. Livingstone was exceedingly wise and prophetic in Space will not suffice to mention his statement.

more. There are others but they Money need considerable explanation. The giving of the churches for Today we find some marked con- local expenses and for missions has trasts in the beliefs, as expressed greatly increased dUring the last fifty years. Let us be cautious. in discussion, of Christian people. There has also been a steady in- 1. Little emotion, less verbal expres- crease in the membership of the sion of personal experience. "Hot air best-known denominations. This and sob stuff" indicate the aversion. Re- growth has been gradual under ligion is more matter of fact. normal conditions and spasmodic under such conditions as have fol- 2. The Bible holds as real and as high lowed the union of two denomia place as it ever did, but it is used less nations, or large ingatherings for proof texts and literal authority, following special evangelistic promore for illustration. Experience in our grams that have been large enough mission administration is quoted as well to affect entire communions or as New Testament methods. large parts of them.

3. Preaching is the beginning not the Statistics are not kept now by end. Christian nurture and development most communions as they were a of Christian experience through activity few years ago, and some secreand service are more emphasized. Mere taries have declined to answer the possession of the Gospel is insufficient, it may not mean'much. The gradual de- questions on statistics because the velopment of the Christian life is more figures fifty years ago were not important, and there is therefore no such kept in a manner to be comparable sharp contrast between those with and with those of today. The cost of those without the Gospel as formerly. living has greatly increased in these fifty years and that makes 4. Less emphasis on surrender to God necessary more money to do the than on normal Christian living. Emo- same amount of work, so that intional attitudes are stressed less than creased giving does not always useful service. mean increased work. One mission society is now receiving and ex- 6. More reliance on reason than pending annually many thousands mysticism. more dollars than it did fifteen years ago but has decreased its 6. Appreciation of the contributions of work. The dollar does less. non-Christian civilizations. The United States has greatly 7. Less emphasis on "unoccupied fields" increased in wealth. The average meaning geographical areas and more personal income is the largest in emphasis on Christianizing all of life. the world. Eliminating the fifteen or twenty richest church members, 8. Belief is less definite and there is it will still be true that church greater tolerance towards those of other members have incomes no smaller faiths or denominations. than those of non-church members. Probably the church members 9. The social motive is prominent.

Both of these interpretations are true but neither contains all the truth. Many missionaries and secretaries never held any other views than those attributed to the Cleveland Convention and many do not hold the second list. But the contrasts of the two lists of motives shows that missionary thinking is in a state of change. The Church is changing toward the latter. The latter offers the largest and most complete opportunity, call, chal- lenge and need for missionaries, for Boards, for education, for evangelism, that have ever yet been

average larger incomes, but on the table gives the total expenditures. basis of the average for the country The statistics issued by the we can give more and sacrifice less to do it. United Stewardship Council in December, 1926, indicated a per Blanks were sent to a group of capita for Missions from twentyrepresentatives in various com- seven communions of $4.06 and munions who are in the habit of $21.62 for Current Expenses, reporting to the writer annually which indicates that in the few for statistical purposes. The communions quoted above those of questions asked were of the usual largest per capita are included. and therefore familiar type. The replies represent the same type of The need for mission work was answer and ought to be largely at never greater than today, The least on the same basis. Changes in budgets, changes in internal ad- need of the world for Christ canministration that cannot be ac- not be overestimated. The ability counted for here, might show dis- of Christ to meet the need of the crepancies if every figure were world is unmistakable. There is no analyzed. The general trend would other hope. If changes are coming not be affected. those changes will make Christ more necessary, not less necessary. The table given below is from The opening up of the individual nine well-known denominations that were able to report in the life of millions of church members given time. as a field for the implanting of Christ with the definite object of having Christ as the Lord of that 1875 1900 1927 Gifts for Missions ………………… . $2,158,489 $3,925,901 $18,601,504 Gifts for Current Expenses ………..•. $10,604,047 $22,489,668 $77,717,695 Church Membership ………………. . 1,386,212 Per Capita Gifts to Missions ……….. . $1.56 2,569,116 3,380,491 Per Capita Gifts to Current Expenses …• , $9.43 $1.52 $5.50 $10.77 $22.99 Not all of the nine denomina- life rather than have some lip servtions reported both missions and ice is a far greater mission field current expenses for each of the than we have ever occupied. We three years. Per capita therefore need the passion of Christ, His beis based on the actual contributions lief in Himself, His desire for the and membership reported, while the world, His concern for men.

THOUGHTS WORTH THINKING "The largest realization of the presence of Christ is in the widest fulfillment of the command of Christ."

"If you would give wings to all your work, and lift it out of the ruts and up to the heights, relate your entire church machinery to the whole mission of Christ to humanity."

"The biggest thing in the world is humanity. The greatest challenge in the world is the spiritual need of mankind. The most powerful lever to put under a life or under a church is Christ's program of worldredemption."

"Our interest in missions is a mark of our Christian character. Our knowledge of missions is the measure of our Christian attainment. Our participation in missions is the measure of our Christian efficiency."

SHAH'S MOSQUE AT ISFAHAN

UNITY AND CO-OPERATION IN PERSIA BY BISHOP J, H. LINTON, Isfahan Missionary Bi-shop of the Church of England th~~OhT~Tr: ~~~~i~n;::~C:~~~nC~~r::~: i~ tell us that they did not see the real 6~~~;'reictei:slmna:dc~~~dd~ur~~ldlnt~~f:hea"~ Persia until they reached Isfahan. Invited the Conference to that city. It met Here the bazars are still thoroughly Eastern, and though in the last Z~:i' /;:?{;d;;t tgr "t~~us6o~i~':enc~iS~frh LJ~~ few years the influence of the West ~~~~~n'R~~. Tc~rif. Tiie:.m~ru~~~a~~:n'an"J ~':::dea~h~ ~~~re~ng! ~~:t~~~ a;eJ~ch~l~aif~ has made itself felt, and some shops display their wares behind large the Stuart Memorial College.) I SFAHAN is one of Persia's glass windows, still, when you get ancient capitals. Most of its down to the bazars you feel you glory dates back to the time of have left the West far behind and Shah Abbas, i. e., about the time you are right back in the Isfahan of Queen Elizabeth. The Shah's of Haji Baba with its carpet dealers Mosque and the Palace of Forty and sweet sellers plying their wares Pillars were built by Shah Abbas in the streets.

as was also the fine bridge of thirty- The population of Isfahan is three arches that spans the river. usually given as about 90,000 the But situated as it is near the centre great majority of whom are of the country, many of the pro- nominally Moslems with a few gressive movements which have thousands of Jews and Armenians.

stirred Teheran and the other cities From the roof of the Palace of the of the North in recent years, never Forty Pillars Isfahan is seen to be reached Isfahan. Indeed it prides a veritable garden city. For an itself on being very conservative. arid land like Persia the Isfahan Travellers who enter Persia from valley is very well watered by the the north and come on to Isfahan, Zayenq.eh Rud or Life-giving River.

207

As far as the eye can reach along ference-one of the most epoch the valley there is a green stretch marking events in the history of of cultivation. "There is life modern missions in Moslem lands.

withersoever the river cometh." "Among Those Present" It is a city of mosques, their domes of turquoise blue and their slender There were, at the conference a lofty minarets glistening in the sun. good many converts from Islam Indeed Isfahan is spoken of as both men and women. One of these "Markaz mazhab" or the Centre had been a mullah, i.e., a Moslem of Religion. Until quite recent priest. As he led us in prayer, and years it was one of the most we listened to his sonorous voice, bigoted cities in Persia. When and the Arabic expressions with Lord Curzon wrote his History of which his prayer abounded, one al- Persia he referred to the vain hope most expected to open one's eyes the missionaries had of one day and see standing there a white- carrying on their work in the city turbaned, bearded mullah. His com- of Isfahan! To him it was an im- plete change of attire could not possible hope. In those days the disguise what he had been! An- missionaries and the European other was a brother of a mujtahid, community In general resided in i. e., a Doctor of Islamic Law. Men the Armenian suburb of Julfa, and like these have to count the cost of no Christian was allowed to enter following Jesus in the Way. Still the city, far less to carryon mis- another was son and grandson of sionary work there. It is said that two of the most famous highway- when Christians were first allowed men who ever terrorized travellers to enter Isfahan, they might only on the Persian roads. That boy's do so on dry days, not by any father and grandfather were both chance when it was raining, for, publicly executed a few years ago "a dry dog is bad enough, but a wet in Teheran! Yet such is the "grace dog who can stand"! And in quite of God that bringeth salvation"

recent years it was common to that this youth was among us re- hear people in the bazar call out porting the work of a small branch after one: "Armenian, Armenian, of the Y. M. C. A. run by Persian you dog that guards the door of boys, and telling of their efforts to hell" ! win others for Christ. There were But Lord Curzon's vain hope has two ordained ministers of the become a glorious reality. We have Church in South Persia, both con- a God who glories in doing the im- verts from Islam. There was also possible. Not only are missionaries a fine tall, upstanding and out- carrying on active Christian work standing man, a convert from the in schools and hospitals in the city interesting Moslem sect of the Ali of Isfahan itself, but there is in Ilahis near Kerman. He was that city a flourishing Persian formerly a murshed or priest of Church with a membership of over that sect, and is now a licensed 300, converts from Islam and their preacher of the Gospel.

children. And it was in this once But time would fail to tell of bigoted city that from July 23 to these delegates, both men and August 6 last year, representatives women, miracles of the grace of of the Church from all over Persia God, who have faced everything met in this great Inter-Church Con- and suffered much, and have nobly

UNITY AND CO-OPERATION IN PERSIA

and openly testified to ther faith in Men and women sat there in the Lord Jesus Christ. Nothing council, and Persian women boldly short of a "new birth" could have debated in conference and comwrought the change. One of the mittee, proving themselves well most inspiring occasions in the fitted to take a leading part in the Conference was the session in affairs of their church. There which a number of these converts were delegates from every church from Islam stood up and told how center in ·Persia. Places as far they had been brought to Christ. apart as Meshed on the N. E. frontier and Shiraz in the S. W.; And side by side with those Seistan, newly opened on the very Persian converts from Islam sat edge of Afghanistan, and Urumia Armenians and Assyrians, converts and Tabriz in the N. W.; the oldest from Zoroastrianism and Judaism.

I wonder whether you who read can stations of the Mission in Eersia.

grasp all the significance of that From Kermanshah and Ramadan statement! Think of the age-long they came; from Doulatabad and racial and religious animosity. ex- Kandeh; from Resht and Teheran, isting between these people, and from Yezd arid Kerman as well as then, if you can, visualize them from Isfahan and the surrounding sitting there taking counsel to- district. The mere mention of these gether for the unity of the Church places and their geographical situa..; and the progress of the Kingdom. tion will help you ·to visualizeihe ThLeawstolyn,detrhoefreit!waTshaan·k God. penetration of the Gospel into splendid Persia. It surely took some big delegation of American Presby- controlling purpose to bring all terian missionaries from every these delegates, of such varied race, station in North Persia, and of together. Even two or three years English Episcopal missionaries ago such a conference would have from South Persia. been impossible owing to the slow- 3

ness, danger and cost of transport. betray Him, and another denied But just as in the early days of Him, and they all forsook Him and Christianity Rome drove her roads fled. "Wherefore He is able also across mountains and plains for the to sympathize."

chariots of Cresar to pass over Topics Discussed them, and thus made it possible for the messengers of the Gospel to Among the subjects discussed at reach the uttermost parts of the the Conference were: earth, so today, in Persia, road 1. Evangelism, the primary duty of making, and the development and the Persian Church. cheapness of motor transport, and the safety of the roads have made 2. The office and work of the pastor. 3. The training of workers for the Church.

it possible for Christians from all 4. Steps towards a United Church of over Persia to meet together and Persia.

look one another in the face. One of the most far-reaching re- sults of the discussion on evangel- What Was Done ism was the appointment of the The greater part of the first two first Inter-Church "Home Mission days was taken up with hearing Board" consisting of three Persian reports from the various churches. Christians, converts from Islam, Here one realized something of the and one Armenian. Note that there meaning of fellowship: the fellow- was no foreigner appointed. This ship of rejoicing as we heard of is to be truly indigenous work on churches like Teheran, Yezd and an inter-church basis. There is no Kerman with 50 to 60 converts questioning the fact that after 50 from Islam, or Isfahan with 300. years and more of missionary work Seistan, though it is not yet two (in the north over 90 years) the years since it was opened, told of Church in Persia is not nearly as five converts. Urumia has 1,050 indigenous as it ought to be. Is members of whom 10 are former not this a frank criticism of our Moslems, and so on, every church missionary methods in the past had some fruit for its labors for and a challege to change them? which we thanked God. Then there was Meshed where the church has It may perhaps surprise some, been going through a veritable even in America, to hear that the paper on pastoral work was read trial of fire. Some of those who by a woman! But she carried the were most trusted proved unfaith- conference with her in her picture ful. An elder of the church turned of the need of pastoral work among Persian Christian wefofmecetin~elwY oarckout to be a Bahai. And so with which can be most breaking heart the church had to be purged; and in the conference, complished by women.

the hearts of all went out in a real In the need for more trained fellowship of suffering and sym- workers special emphasis was laid pathy with the church in that far- on work among Christian children.

fiung frontier town, and we prayed The voice of God to the teacher and for it that it may come through parent alike is: "Take this child refined, and more than ever before and nurse it for ME, and I will reflecting the image of the Master. give thee thy wages." Stress was For He too, knows what it means. also laid on the need of training Did not one of His trusted ones Persian Christians for literary

work, especially in view of the very an inspiration. There we saw gathslender library of Persian Chris- ered together all those varied natian literature. tionalities, and as we remembered the animosities and rivalries that The opening paper on "The had divided them for centuries, Church" aimed at showing the and now saw them having all early foundations of the Christian things in common, we thanked God Church and its growth and organ- and took courage. ization as given in the New Testament. It showed how the principles Perhaps in later years, when of both Presbyterian and Episco- the historian writes up this conpal government, together with the ference, it will be seen that it was rights of the congregation, are to not in its official "findings" that ,',.". .

A VIEW OF JRFAITAN FROM THE ROOF OF THE PALACE be found in embryo in the New its chief value lay, important as Testament, while at the same time these undoubtedly were, but in the making clear that none of our fact that Persian Christians from forms of church government as North, South, East and West found they exist today can be found in one another, and meeting one antheir full development in the New other as they did in social inter- Testament. course, in spiritual fellowship and in many a "common meal," dis- The final session was in church covered how much they had in comwhen the' whole conference gath- mon and how little there was that ered for the great act of corporate really divided them. Perhaps the fellowship divinely ordered by our most outstanding features of the blessed Lord. Conference might be summed up in the words of the Apostle: "The Estimating the Values Grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the Love of God and the Fel- To those of us who have worked lowship of the Holy Spirit." for many years in Persia the social side of the conference was in itself

A CALL FOR PATIENCE WITH CHINA·

BY THE RT. REV. LOGAN H. ROOTS, D.D., Hankow Bishop of the Protestunt Episcopal Ohurch M y PLEA to "Have Patience the natural recognition of merit with China" is one which irrespective of nationality is find- should be heeded by every ing expression again.

friend of the nation, foreign or c. The soundness of the nation's Chinese. I share the disappoint- conscience is being shown even ment and chagrin of almost all the now. Specious leaders, foreign or Chinese I know at the failures, es- Chinese, are being detected and dis- pecially the moral failures, which credited, one after another, at the are besetting the national move- bar of national opinion.

ment in spheres where a few d. Mechanical devices, like sci- months ago success was confident- entific accounting and auditing, are ly anticipated. But in spite of being gradually applied, and will these failures there is no sufficient help China to be honest as they al- reason for' despair, but rather ready help foreign nations. These there are many sound reasons for are recent discoveries, and are be- hope. Some of these reasons are ing recognized as of immense as- as follows: sistance to public as well as private u. The Nationalist movement is integrity, even in the handling of far too deep and powerful for any Church funds. leader or group or party to express or embody it adequately. It will e. Above all, the Christian moveultimately require, as in the case ment in China is showing signs of of every other nation, at least two new life. Those who know it best political parties for its adequate are sure it would not die out even expression; and the failure of any if it were deprived of all help from one party only means that another abroad. But it is showing its charparty will soon arise which we may acteristic inner vitality in the face hope will represent the nation of adverse conditions and persecubetter. tion. It is discriminating between pauperizing and constructive help b. Extreme anti-foreign and from abroad, and is welcoming in anti-Christian feeling and agita- manly fashion the help which will tion, which have marred and weak- still stimulate and build it up; ened the movement in the past, are while at the same time the foreign subsiding. They have done a cer- part of the movement is striving tain amount of good in chastening more earnestly than ever before to the spirit of the foreign nations reorganize and more thoroughly to and also of the Christian forces, in- Christianize its contributions of ducing wholesome self-criticism both money and personnel-lest it and needed changes in attitude and lose both its own soul and the soul policy. But their extreme forms of the people it would save.

have been due to artificial stimulus "Christians are like salt," said a Chiwhich is now being removed, and nese girl, "because salt creates thirst and Christians bring comfort into the 1•9F2~)~ Th e Li' Oh h (N b ",ng urc ovem er 19, floivresthoefthotihnegrss,ofanGdodth."ey create a thirst 212

KU CARRIES

By REV. ARTHUR T. POLHILL, of Szechwan I RECALL many years ago tion arising, be of a contented and (1886) helping to open the yielding spirit. With regard to first house at Paoning; after the anti-Christian movement, you obtaining a suitable house, a boys' should maintain a calm and yet school was opened. One little boy, determined attitude, not easily the grandson of the landlady, Mrs. moved. To resist by propaganda, Ku, an attractive boy of ten, be- either printed or spoken,' may gan coming to school. His was a prove you to be in the right, but Mohammedan family and there- you will not escape public opinion. fore opposed to the Gospel. Forty Rather than oppose them, there- summers have since passed over fore, let us all rouse ourselves up our heads, and this little boy is and by a change of heart and life now Archdeacon and is left in prove ourselves to be Christ's real charge of our district and diocese. disciples, fearing nothing but sin. He has just sent round to all the stations a pastoral epistle exhort- There is another matter which ing the pastors and Christians to I wish you all to realize, namely, be true to Christ, and to seek to that my office is not concerned with finance, and with reference witness boldly for "the faith once to finance I wish to say a few delivered to the saints," as well as words: I speak the truth in to support their own Chinese Christ, we should not again trust church. to the Western missionary so- cieties for our support. Although, Part of Letter Dated June 6, 1927 they make no mention of sudden- Ku, a servant of Christ by the ly casting us off, yet we ourselves will of God, to the pastors, teach- should certainly have a desire for ers, catechists, men and women, self-support, and stir up within church officers, my fellow-laborers ourselves a spirit of self-support, in Christ, this epistle is written. and self-propagation, causing the May God our Heavenly Father church members to realize that the give you grace and peace. Amen. church is not the foreigners'

I have temporarily taken over church, but ours. All should, this great and heavy responsibil- therefore, unite in an endeavor to ity, on the one hand because it collect money for a capital fund could not be avoided, and on the and put the finance on a sound other hand, I have committed it basis. But more important than all to Christ who strengthens me. this is the securing of people filled Moreover, the church officers in with the Holy Spirit to join toall the churches are cooperating gether, for otherwise there will be with me and remembering me in neither permanence nor spiritual- prayer…… . ity. If it is carnal it cannot last.

As touching heresies and super- And here let it be noted how in- stitious teachings, you must nei~ dispensable is sincere prayer if the ther welcome nor compromise with church is to be revived ……. .

such. In case of sudden persecu- The Lord be with you. Amen.

213

OPICS Of THE

Our Jubilee and Annual Meeting tions and work in the various mis- T sion fields, fifty years ago and to- HE Year of Jubilee has come day. Mr. Wilder's hope, expressed and gone. According to the in the first issue of the REVIEW, Levitical law each fiftieth that the magazine would help to year was to be marked by the liber- double the missionary giving, pray- ation of those in bondage and by ing, going and working, was long cessation from ordinary labor. "Ye ago fulfilled. Many of the changes shall not sow or reap" said the law in missionary policies which he ad- of God. The REVIEW did not so ob- vocated have also been made. He serve our Year of JUbilee for we emphasized without ceasing the are not serving under the Levitical need for more earnest prayer, more law but are servants of Christ. The sacrificial giving and greater de- sowing and the reaping have con- pendence upon the guidance and tinued for fifty years and rich power of the Holy Spirit. These spiritual harvests have resulted. ambitions and emphasis have also The completion of these first fifty animated Mr. Wilder's successors.

years of service was fittingly cele- While the REVIEW was enlarged brated on February eleventh by a and made more popular under sub- Jubilee Luncheon coincident with sequent editors, so as to include the annual meeting of the REVIEW both home and foreign missions Corporation. On this happy occa- and to give greater attention to sion about sixty stockholders and missionary history and literature, friends gathered to give thanks and has reflected the increased and to rejoice in the blessing of complexity in missionary work, we God that has rested upon the work. have continued to stand first of all Few missionary periodicals can for the preaching of the pure Gos- look back over a period of fifty pel of Christ, with dependence years of unbroken service. Many upon God in every department of have fallen by the wayside. They the work.

have "come to pass," while the RE- When it became clear, in the year VIEW, like Daniel, has "continued" 1916, that an independent company unto the present day. must be formed, if the REVIEW was The story of the early days of to continue its service, a group of struggle and achievement under large-hearted friends contributed the editorship of Rev. Royal G. the necessary capital. The first Wilder, the founder of the maga- Board of Directors consisted of zine, has already been told in our Mr. Robert E. Speer, President, pages. The progress in the for- Mrs. A. F. SchaufHer, Mrs. Henry eign and home missionary enter- W. Peabody, Mr. Fleming H. Re- prise has also been recounted in veIl, Mr. Frank L. Brown, Mr.

the contrasting pictures of condi- Walter McDougall (Treasurer), 214 Professor Harlan P. Beach, Mr. and in foreign fields is shown by D i c kin son W. Richards, Dr. the following letter just received Charles R. Watson and the present from a missionary in Southeastern editor as secretary. Of these di- Africa. It is a sample of many: rectors five are still on the Board. Later Mrs. Anna Van Santvoord, The MISSIONARY REVIEW has been very Mrs. E. C. Cronk, Dr. William 1. highly appreciated during the year on Chamberlain, Mr. Frederick L. our stations in the Transvaal. The ar- Colver, Dr. Eric M. North and Mr. ticles, etc., have stimulated, cheered, en- Samuel McCrea Cavert became couraged and inspired us. Not only have members; four of these friends they helped us personally as workers in have passed on to higher service this great cause of establishing God's with great loss to the REVIEW. By Kingdom in this great needy field, but faithful, energetic, prayerful ef- the inspiration engendered in our hearts fort we have sought together to and lives we have been privileged to solve the editorial, circulation and pass on to others and we have had a financial problems-with what suc- share in creating a larger interest on the cess our readers can judge. part of the Church here in winning the African to Christ. Thus directly the The REVIEW covers editorially REVIEW has had a large part in bringing the whole world and printed last about this changed attitude. We can well year some 140 signed articles con- remember when it was almost taboo here cerning all mission fields and gath- to mention missionary work among the ered over 700 news items relating Africans, now we can talk about it in to missions of all denominations private and in public and the messages and practically every country in are sympathetically received. Some of the world. That Home Missions the Churches here have increased their have a proper place in this world- offerings to missions for the African. wide view is shown by the fact that last year twenty articles, in addi- About one third of our subscribtion to numerous news items, ers are ministers, one third women dealt with the work in America. and one third laymen, secretaries In the first volume (1878) there of mission boards, editors and liwere only three signed articles, the braries. But the REVIEW reaches remainder being the work of the a much larger clientele than its editor or were extracts from re- subscription list would show. Pasports and periodicals. tors gather from it material for sermons, others use it for mission- While the circulation of the RE- ary meetings in churches and con- VIEW is not large (as circulation is counted today) it reaches the most ventions and it is very largely influential key men and key women quoted both at home and abroad in engaged in promoting the Cause of magazines and papers that reach a Christ at home and abroad. It total circulation roughly estimated goes particularly to leaders who use the magazine not only for their at over two million. The REVIEW own interest and edification, but as goes to every state in the Union a source of information and in- and to practically all countries in spiration that they may pass on to others. The esteem in which the the world. REVIEW is held by many workers in outlying frontiers in America Since the REVIEW is primarily a missionary and educational enter- prise it has never been fully self- supporting. The cost of publica- tion has naturally increased since 1878 when work was carried on along the most simple lines and the editor was also manager of all de- departments, clerk, bookkeeper, proof reader and errand boy. The

cost of printing and paper was Mrs. E. C. Cronk and Mr. Freder- then exceedingly low and one issue ick L. Colver (who were called of the magazine could be put in Home last year), Mrs. Orrin R.

the mails at approximately one Judd, Treasurer of the Council of tenth of the cost today, including Women for Home Missions and a all expenses. But the readiness member of the Woman's American of the public to pay for such a Baptist Home Mission Society, and periodical has not increased in pro- the Rev. William Bancroft Hill, portion. The REVIEW must be con- D.D., a member of the Foreign sidered as a missionary and educa- Mission Board of the Reformed tional enterprise. How many Church in America, a member of schools and colleges, that are worth the Committee of Reference and while, are supported wholly by the Council of the Foreign Missions tuition paid by the students? If Conference, and President of the the REVIEW is a real asset in pro- Board of Trustees of the American moting the Kingdom of God on University at Cairo. These were earth, we are justified in seeking unanimously elected. After brief support from large-hearted, devot- remarks by friends of the REVIEW, ed stewards of Christ's bounty. the meeting adjourned.

These have not been lacking. Last year fourteen of the home and for- Church Competition or eign mission boards and twentyfive friends generously contributed " CCooperation to enable the REVIEW to continue OMPETITION may be the its service without an accumUlating life of trade, but is the deficit. They have done this not death of vital religion,"

only once but annually. To these says Irvin E. Deer, the General friends and to God, who has guided Secretary of the Council of them and us, the gratitude of the Churches of Kansas City, who REVIEW and of the Board of Direc- sends us the following report of tors is heartily extended. It is our the recent Church Comity Confer- earnest purpose to make the RE- ence, where four hundred delegates VIEW more valuable and more ef- met in Cleveland from January fective in its service month by 20th to 22d to discuss how Prot- month. Our efforts are also to ex- estant Christian Churches can tend its circulation until it reaches work together more effectively to every evangelical mission station make America Christian.

in the world and some key man or The significance of this confer- woman in every church that is do- ence is attested by the fact that ing work for God and humanity. three great bodies called it to- The annual meeting of the RE- gether, the Home Missions Coun- VIEW was marked by the usual re- cil, the Council of Women for ports of the Treasurer and the Home Missions, and the Federal Secretary and by an address by the Council of Churches of Christ in President. The Nominating Com- America. The delegates included mittee, of which Mr. Dwight H. representatives of the outstanding Day was chairman, proposed the ecclesiastical bodies of the larger names of the existing Board of evangelical denominations, espe- Directors for the ensuing year for cially those having home mission reelection and, to fill the places of or church extension activities. The

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

importance of the gathering is also Apparently more study has been attested by the subjects discussed given to the rural church situation -Comity, Cooperation, and Effi- than to that in the city, for the ciency in Protestant work in survey material presented had far America. more relation to rural than to While a few delegates were in- urban problems. Most students of clined to take extreme views, the the rural church have agreed upon general tendency was toward a the principle that one Protestant sane attitude. Some insisted upon church is sufficient to serve a popu- displaying most discreditable facts lation of 1,000 people. For rural which might have led one to be- America there is now one church lieve that the normal situation for every 550. In the cities, how- everywhere was like that in the ever, there is no such method of county where there was reported measurement. Urban life is so one church for every 95 inhabi~ complex that the facts are dffiicult ants, and 97 of its 117 churches as to interpret. Dr. Paul Douglas served by nonresident pastors. On showed, by statistical studies, that the other hand, some officials, with in the average city community problems of budgets before them, about 50% of church goers leave openly spoke against allowing cer- the community in which they live tain statements of' conditions to to find their church home at a dis- become public lest contributions be tance. This makes it necessary to withheld. On the whole the ma- give more study to city church life jority were willing to face the con- before any general principle to ditions frankly, so as to discover regulate competition can be formu- the truth. That is obviously the lated.

sane and reasonable course. If a A practice of comity that mere- man has a toothache, it is not suf- ly tries to prevent overlapping will ficient to tell him that all his other never solve the problem of Amer- teeth are good, neither should he ican Protestantism. Comity com- consent to part with all his teeth missions should become interde- because one may be diseased or nominational Boards of Church superfluous. Extension, planning adequately to One delegate contended that if meet all the religious needs of all comity should lead us to accept the the population. The present orgy plan of one church for a commu- of building expensive churches in nity, free from competition or prosperous suburbs is of very overlapping, we are practically doubtful expediency. Dr. Douglas conceding that one church is as suggested the location of churches good as another and that individual at natural centers, since in many convictions are unimportant. Such situations several churches near a contention would lead to the abo- some such center would involve no lition of denominational distinc- competition or overlapping.

tions and to the adoption of general The facts gathered by denomina- church union. The Conference tional and interdenominational was not enthusiastic on the subject organizations (notably by the In- of such union; rather it was in stitute for Social and Religious Re- favor of cooperation and preferred search) point clearly to the need to regulate, rather than eliminate, for a careful study of the situation competition. in every city and community. Nei-

ther real estate developments nor The Home Missions Conference the rivalry of denominational REPRESENTATIVES of twenboards is wholly responsible for ty-six great national Home over churching. Nor is the lack of Mission boards met in Cleve- land, January 23d to 24th inclufunds and preachers responsible sive, in their twenty-first annual conference. Following immediatefor underchurched communities. ly after the Comity Conference, the discussions naturally dealt The remedy for both is to be found largely with the questions of dein a knowledge of the facts and in mand and supply in church work, Christlike devotion and coopera- and cooperation in rural and urban communities. There were also tion to supply every community considerations of such topics as with adequate Gospel service. A "Changing Conceptions of Mission- ary Service," Indian Missions, New constructive five year program of Americans, and Christian Expan- sion. Dr. Charles L. White was advance was adopted which, if fol- reelected president. Dr. Wm. R. King is the E'l!:ecutive Secretary. lowed, will do much to guarantee that the millions of dollars, now The Coming Jerusalem Meeting being annually spent to aid weak T HE "enlarged" meeting of churches, will be used to advance, the International Missionary Council, to be held at Jerunot to retard the growth of the salem from March 24th to April Kingdom of God. 8th, is to discuss five main sub- jects: The Five Year Program 1. The Christian Life and Message in 1. A survey of the whole field of in- relation to non-Christian systems and terdenominational comity in Home Mis- thought. On this subject there will be sion work. papers by Dr. N. Macnicol (Hinduism); Canon W. H. T. Gairdner (Islam); Rev. 2. An intensive and sustained effort to A. K. Reischauer (Northern Buddhism); secure the indicated adjustments by the Professor K. J. Saunders (Southern various denolJlinational and local groups. Buddhism); Dr. Willard Lyon (Con- fucianism); Professor Rufus Jones 3. The attainment of the following (Secular Civilization). practical objectives: 2. The Principles and Practice of Re- (a) The elimination within a dennite ligious Education: papers by Dr. L. A. period of all competition between de- Weigle and Mr. J. H. Oldham. nominations in WhICh the use of home mission funds is involved. 3. The Relation of the Older Churches of Christendom to the Younger Churches (b) The furtherance of understand- Overseas: a statement by the officers of ings between denominations, looking to the Council. the elimination of competition in whicb home mission funds are not involved. 4. Christian Responsibility in Regard to Relations between Races, Industrial (c) The allocation of responsibility on Relations and the Life of Rural Coma noncompetitive basis for needed exten- munities: papers by President John sions of Christian work and securing the Hope (racial relations in America); acceptance of such allocations by the Rev. William Paton (industrial relations bodies concerned. in the East); President K. L. Butter- field (rural problems). (d) The securing of cooperation of the bodies concerned in the initiation of 5. The Future of Internati01/:al Misany necessary projects to be conducted sionary Cooperation. A paper by Dr. jointly, as, for example, the formation of Mott. interdenominational Larger Parishes, the joint provision of religious education facilities, the provision of unified religious services at public institutions, Farm and Cannery Migrants, Religious Work Directors in Government Indian Schools, Bureau of Reference for Migrating People, etc.

(e) Strengthening or creating the necessary interdenominational bodies, local or regional, to assist in carrying the above points into effect and to provide channels for cooperative action in other fields of interest.

GIRLS, YOUNG, OLD, AND Along another line a different

OLDER of leadership has been developed. We By ANNA CANADA SWAIN, have been stressing not only the need Providence, R. I. for good program meetings but also for real mission study classes. In Presidellt of The lVoman;'s Bapt'ist Mi••ion doing this there has inevitably risen, Society of Rhode Isltmd as in our church schools of missions, the question of the teacher. A few For the last twelve years in the women have shown natural outstand- Northern Baptist Convention there has been a missionary organization of young women called the "World Wide ing ability, and in consequence have Guild," commonly referred to as the been overwhelmed with requests for W. W. G. Many have been the adapta- their services. But a woman who is tions of those three letters, but none busy in local church and is doing even expresses the ideals of the missionary a small amount extra in association or women of the denomination better state work has not time to teach many than Women's Work Guaranteed. loutside classes. The lack of teachers Developing Leaders has caused a growing feeling that study classes could not be urged. Realizing from sad experience that one of the great lacks in local women's The following plan was designed to meet this situation. One of the wom- missionary organizations has been the en of the city threw open her home lack of leadership, from the very start for three Saturday afternoons, when of the World Wide Guild, great atten- three experienced teachers taught two tion has been paid to the development chapters each of the current study of that quality. The experience has book. Two hours of hard study were brought results beyond our hopes. spent and many suggestions were giv- One fruitful means of developing en to those taking the course. Right our girls has been the fact that officers here came the delightful surprise.

are not encouraged to feel that they Each branch of the Guild had been are indispensable in their positions urged to find one or two women or for too long a period. In fact, in many girls in its own church who would of the organizations there is a definite take the course and then teach a local term of service. In one of the local Guild class. organizations the first few years the The response was gratifying be- p.residency of the organization was yond our highest hopes-some school given to girls socially popular, but teachers (a class of people, by the later, as the more quiet girls came way, whom we ought to use more), into office, the work was better done, some of the older women of the church and hidden ability blossomed forth in who were willing to do their utmost to quite an amazing way. I am convinced help the girls, but best of all, large that these same girls, were it not for numbers of girls came—mostly by the Guild, would probably, in twenty twos. Many were willing to go in years, have joined the overflowing with some friend and take three les- ranks of women in our churches who sons each.

can follow but never dare to take real Some wondered at the younger girls responsibility in leadership. who volunteered, but one of the young- ~19

est taught one of the best prepared the still younger girls and children and best conducted mission study of the church. classes that I have ever attended. This group of fifteen or sixteen year Too often in women's missionary old girls was taught by a physically societies the work goes on "as usual," small seventeen year old, and the whole and gradually everyone, including the task was taken most seriously both officers, loses sight of the goals. In by class and teacher. order to combat this tendency the lo- cal organizations in at least one state A vital spot in the development of guild were asked several years ago leadership of girls is found in the to begin submitting by October first counselor of the group. For such a to the State Secretary a plan of the position a woman must be found who year's work. This idea has worked has a youthful viewpoint and is vitally splendidly and has helped, along with and enthusiastically interested in the the standard of excellence, to crystalwhole business of missions. If she has lize the ideas of girls so that they realthese two qualities, she is almost cer- ize more clearly their aims. The tain to be successful. Her youthful following standard of excellence (used A WORLD WIDE GUILD HOUSE P ARTY AT KEUKA COLLEGE. NEW YORK viewpoint will help her to realize that in Rhode Island) is typical of the girls love to launch things but need standards which the girls are setting prodding sometimes to make them up for themselves all over the terricomplete the tasks. It will also help tory of the Northern Baptist Convenher to understand that up-to-date girls tion. will not long keep an interest in a work where the counselor does all the Senior Standard of Excellence planning and most of the work. If she has an enthusiastic love of the 1. For Guilds having a membership of work, she will be so filled with a knowl- less than 35, for each 100/0 increase in edge of it from her reading and her membership-2 points ; for Guilds havcontacts with missionaries, etc., that ing a membership of more than 35, for she will impart her interest almost each 10% increase-4 points. unconsciously to the girls. Moreover, the paragon pictured above will grad- 2. For dues of 10 cents per member ually, as the girls grow older and paid by November 16-5 points. more able, shift the burden to the younger shoulders, and leave especial- 3. For each Mission Study Class-15 ly in their hearts a feeling of respon- points. sibility for the missionary work among 4. For a six-weeks' study class, made up of at least 50% of your membership, using the Guild Book as a textbook-15 points.

5. For each regular program meeting -1point.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

6. For winning the National Reading Reading Contests Contes1r-15 points. Many and varied have been the 7. For each tither in your Guild-l plans used to put over Reading Con- point. tests, one of the finest pieces of mis- sionary education ever done in our 8. For each White Cross meeting-1 Guilds. In order to win a local Guild point. must have each member read indi- vidually two home misaion books, two 9. For each missionary play or pageant foreign mission books, and one in- -5 points; for each repeated play or spirational book. pagean1r-3 points. We have discovered three important 10. For each 10% of members learning points to be covered if the Reading the following- hymns-,-l point: Contest is to be a success.

"Lord, speak to me that I may speak." Most important is the choice of "Jesus shall reign." books. Especially in the case of be- "Fight the good fight." ginners, books should be chosen which are not too advanced or too hard read- 11. For each 10% of your members ing. But after a Guild has been winhaving Missions or Everyland in the ning the contest for several years we family-1 point. try to bring up their standards and have them choose books which are 12. For each satisfactory essay sub- more than entertaining. mitted in the Essay Contes1r-5 points. Getting the Books 13. For each 10% of your members taking missionary courses at Northfield Although the cost of missionary or Ocean Park-l0 points; for each 100/0 books is not very great, still in a large of your members taking missionary guild where several sets of books are courses at R. I. Summer School-2 needed, there is more or less expense points; for each 10% of your members involved. Senior guilds are usually at House PartY-5 points. able and willing to buy their own books, but in the case of the younger 14. For each girl working regularly girls interested men or women in the with C. W. C., or Jr. W. W. G.-5 points; church are usually glad to buy the for each girl working regularly in our books for the girls. In other cases State Italian and Portugese Missions-5 the girls use their fines for overkeeppoints; for each girl teaching in vacation ing the books to buy the new books Bible School-5 points. of the next year. Of course, in the case of an 'organization which has a 15. For definite plan of your year's regular budget, the matter automatiwork submitted to the State Secretary cally cares for itself. before October 1s1r-5 points. An agency which is not used in this 16. For each 10% of your members connection as much as it should be is teaching in Sunday School which has the Public Library. At least two lidefinite missionary program-l0 points; braries in Rhode Island, and unfor each 10% of your members enrolled doubtedly some in other states, in Sunday School which has definite mis- maintain missionary shelves and are sionary program-5 points. glad to supply the books, provided that there is a real demand for them. (Each member may qualify in but one of the above classes, either as a teacher Getting the Readers or as a member of the school, not as both.) There seems to be little difficulty in getting the girls to read, providing Each Sunday School must submit out- they can be coaxed through the first line of missionary nrogram before N0- year's course. An important factor vember 15th in order to be recognized in getting the readers, however, is a as missionary Sunday School.

Junior Standard of Excellence The Junior Standard is just like the Senior, except that it omits Division 14. Junior Chapters are composed, of girls, 74% of whose membership- are 16 or under.

Honor Chapters All Senior Chapters earning 175 points or over on this Standard will be designated Honor Chapters, and a silver candelabra will be awarded to the Chapter having the most points.

All Junior Chapters earning 125 points or over on this Standard will be designated Honor Chapters, and the Guild medallion will be awarded to the Chapter having the most points.

Chairman of Reading Contest who is the aid of as many girls as she wishes systematic in prodding the delinquents to draft into service. and in continually keeping the matter before the members in attractive post- In the National World Wide Guild, ers or in intriguing book-reviews. two sets of programs are printed each year, one for use in Senior, the other Getting the Prize for Teen age. In addition to these, attention is also called to a great deal The awards for winning the con- of supplementary material in order test are beautiful artotypes of great that the new generation of missionary religious pictures by old masters. One women may know more about program Guild in Pennsylvania has won this building and adapting than the prescontest for nine consecutive years, and ent generation. many others have won five, six, or seven times. Most Guilds like to A thing especially emphasized is the frame their first picture and with ap- getting away from reading out of propriate ceremonies unveil and pre- books or from papers. Thus not only sent it to the church or Sunday School. is the meeting infinitely more inter- Such a ceremony gives an opportunity esting but the girls develop along a to inform the people of the church as line which is bound to be helpful to to the aims and ideals of the organi- them later in many ways. zation. An important part of the program Another plan which has meant much is the worship service. Girls everyboth to the givers and receivers has where have grown spiritually as they beEm the presentation of framed pic- have learned the words of such beautures to Christian centers, thus help- tiful hymns as "0, Master, let me ing to cement a friendship between walk with thee," "Have thine own the old and new Americans. way, Lord," etc. They have learned to pray for definite needs upon fields Program Building that they have grown to love, and they have learned that this part of the pro- With the many helps available mis- gram is not simply a task for a counsionary programs should be a com- selor but a privilege to be shared paratively easy task nowadays; but, joyfully by all. alas, we sometimes wonder as we hear complaints and wailings. The prin- Another kind of program which decipal requisite to put over a program serves a section to itself is the mission is common sense, but so hard is it to study class. The ideal way to have find, that it really ought to be called a Guild study class is to have it in uncommon sense. conjunction with the rest of the church in a regular Church School of Mis- In a large organization the problem sions. More than one Church School of programs is not so perplexing. The of Missions has been started because plan which we have found to work Guild girls have urged it and encourbest is one program committee of five aged it. . members which functions during the whole year. This committee works In cases where such a school is not in close touch with the counselor and possible, Guilds have found it most as many of the committee as possible helpful to hold a study class before take instruction at some summer prayermeeting on six nights during school or Guild House Party on the Lent. Formidable as the name sounds, book or books of the year. As early it seems to have rio terrors for the as possible the general purpose of the present day girls; and if a good teachbook is talked over in the general er is available, there is no difficulty in committee and then two programs getting together a group of girls to each are assigned to the five members. study intensiv~ly a missionary book. Each member then works up her programs to the best of her ability with Plays and Pageant.

One of the best ways of educating

1928J METHODS FOR WORKERS

along missionary lines is a good play the vestry soon brought a row of boys or pageant well executed by actors across the back of the vestry. who wish not only to put over a fine piece of work technically, but wish One group which has done especialto be sure that the message reaches ly effective work in dramatizations each one. Such a group of girls put have caused their performances to be on "The Pill Bottle" a week before remembered by a souvenir program the New World Movement drive was given each person. These programs, launched. A husband and wife in the on account of expense, were not done audience who had up to that time been at a printer's but were the work of interested in the church only as a the girls themselves on the mimeosocial organization, with tears in their graph. Many were the ideas which eyes, immediately after the perform- they worked out. For the program ance told the young actresses that they of "Broken China" with a few deft had been planning to give nothing to lines a string of three Chinese lan- terns was suggested and then colored the much-talked-of New World Move- brilliantly. For "The Pill Bottle" the ment but that they could no longer doctor father of the president of the refuse. guild donated small wooden pill bot- A GUILD PAGEANT "SWEE']' I,AND O~' LIBER-TEA"

So many of us have been pained ties from which was taken the proby poorly given dramatizations that gram mimeographed on a long narrow it seems rather trite to urge adequate sheet of paper. preparation. Here is an idea worked out by a local organization which is Another guild has done particularly not trite. The leader was anxious to good work in dramatizing missionary develop the prayer-meeting-going hab- hymns. They were inspire9 to do this it in her girls, so she called for re- by the especially fine pantOibime of hearsals on prayermeeting nights "0, Zion, haste," published by the only, and urged everyone to bring sup- Methodist Board. per. She furnished hot cocoa. The results were splendid. The girls en- In all the dramatic work there needs joyed eating together, a good hour's to be a word of warning as to too rehearsal got the prospective drama- much of it. Girls love to act, and tization well underway. It appealed almost inevitably if there is an over tl) the pride I)f the girls that the emphasis on it, a counselor is placed Pllstor was much pleased with their in the hard position of having firmly coming. In that particular church and tactfully to refuse to allow the prayermeeting did become a habit, and girls to go into the play-giving busithat row of girls across the front of ness.

The following missionary plays and pageants have been especially popular:

Broken China, The Pill Bottle, Chee "Dear— Moo's Choice, Jelizabeta, A Willing Captive, A Stitch in Time, Two Mas- The time has come for World Wide ters, The Light of the World, The Guilds Girl Who Fell Thru' the Earth, Brotherhood's Adventure in America, To speak of many things; From Self to Service, Short Mission- Of missions and of White Cross work, ary Plays, and More Short Missionary Plays. And all our budgetings. For now we start a brand New Year, Consecrated Money With nice new pledges, too, It has been customary from the That in our giving we may help very start of our organization to stress stewardship, and in consequence The Master's work to do. we have an amazing number of tithers. Below you'll find the budget Plan, The girls have been made to feel their responsibility toward the unified budg- Which very plainly shows, et of the denomination. In addition Just why we need your pledges now, to this they have been privileged to give an extra love gift which also And where the money goes. goes into the Unified Budget. Of late So please fill in the slip enclosed, this has amQunted to about $40,000 per year, and the girls have loved to As promptly as can be, give it' Like women, the girls are And give it to a member of gl~~10 shoulder big responsibility for th$ work .they love. The Finance Committee."

There is a growing tendency for Rallies, House Parties, and Summer Guilds to adopt budgets. Here is a sample one taken from Miss Alma Schools Noble's "The Guild Book;" It is the most natural thing in the Special Thank Offering .•.•.•.. $100.00 world for girls ~ like to feel that State Dues .••..••••••.•••…. 2.00 they belong not ~only to a small local . Chapter Expenses organization, but, to a large enthusi- astic group which spreads around the a. Printing •…•.•…••.•… 5.00 whole world. Nothing helps to foster b. Reading Contest Book •.•• 10.00 this feeling any more than attendance c. White Cross Materials ••.. 15.00 at rallies, house parties, and summer d. Poster ••••••••••••••…•• 3.00 schools. e. Sundries •..•…•..•••••.. 5.00 Delegates to summer conferences 30.00 The State House Party has grown Christmas gifts …………… 30.00 within the last six years from a doubt- ful experiment to an absolute neces- Total ..•..••..•…..•••.•••. $200.00 sity. Whether it is held for a whole week, as in California and New York, The older girls who are earning or for a three days week-end, as in their own money give generously their most other states; whether it draws larger gifts, while the school girls four hundred girls or only seventyhave all sorts of methods of taking five, still the final report is the same care of their budgets. At a recent that it is here to stay. house party a large poster was made with suggestions for the younger Usually either a hotel or a school girls as to ways of making money. is hired for the period, and it is Everyone who knew of a plan which amazing at what a small price this had proved successful, or a firm which can be done. The girls are asked for was generous in its commissions, an- a small registration fee, which finances nounced it, and it was put on the the program. Every attempt is made poster for future reference. to give practical help toward the year's work, at the same time giving ample .An older guild which is in the habit time for the spiritual inspiration so of raising a budget of $750.00 sent necessary in bringing to completion the following letter to each member: a long-drawn-out task.

One house party (and it is typical of the others) ended their three days in this way. Two days had been given to plans for the year, helps on mission study books, bonfire, missionary dra- matics, beach party, etc., and the one hundred and seventy-five girls came

METHODS FOR WORKERS

to Sunday morning realizing that it group of new Americans who are hav- was to be the best day of the three. ing hard work with some of their A very beautiful devotional period guild plans. Many girls report great was conducted on the beach before inspiration from the contacts with the breakfast. Immediately after break- missionaries, and several will give fast the girls gathered in the big their lives, God willing, in definite room of the hotel for a consecration Christian service. Who can measure service. One of the women of the the influence, often unexpressed in the state talked a few moments on having lives of countless others!

our lives as they are lived in school The "In-Between" Age and home and office square up with what we profess; and she was im- Theoretically there should be no gap mediately followed by four young mis- between the Guild and the Woman's sionaries who told briefly how they Society-but actually there is one; at had been led to decide on their life times so wide a one that it looks like work. Then all bowed in prayer, and a veritably impassable chasm.

at suggestions given quietly from Young women who have enjoyed time to time, they prayed silently that the fellowship and enthusiasm of the God might show them His will and Guild for many years gradually begin that they might be strong to follow. to realize that most of the girls at- They also asked God's blessing upon tending house parties and rallies the missionaries to whom they had look like children; while on the other listened, and especially upon State hand the teen-age girls whisper to Guild Girls who had already gone into each other, "Do they call themselves definite Christian service. girls 7" This is a natural reaction on This service was followed by an both sides. The older group survey hour of quiet walking and talking on the situation, and frankly it looks very the beach, and at eleven o'clock they gloomy to them. Much as they hate returned to the big room which in the to admit it, they feel that they have meantime had been transformed into outgrown the Guild; but the Woman's something which looked very much Society does not appeal to them. This like a church. All entered quietly and is not surprising when we survey all bowed in prayer and then participated too many of our women's societies.· in a regular church service. Twenty- The situation is being met success- five girls had found time somewhere fully in two ways. Either a Senior in the busy rush to practice, and two Guild resigns as a Guild and becomes beautiful anthems were given. The a second woman's missionary society sermon was given by a national sec- in the church, or the group as a whole retary just back from a trip to China, enters the existing women's society.

Japan, and the Philippines. The ideal way would be the latter, but The reports from this particular as long as human nature is what it house party are typical. One girl is, there seems to be more or less says that the Sunday service has made difficulty in reaching the ideal. A her a different girl, and that she is certain intolerance of attitude on the through with Sunday "movies"; and part of the younger women, and an reports both from home and church apparent jealousy on the part of the would indicate a real change in her. older women combine to make work Another girl feels very differently to- together seem in many cases almost ward "foreigners" since a warm impossible. Add to this the fact that friendship with a delightful Italian the two groups are products of two girl was cemented at the house party. different types of missionary training Still another whole Guild have be- and interest, and it is easily seen that come so inbued with the idea of a the older woman naturally resents the living Christianity that they have be- intrusion of new plans and methods, come very friendly with a young while the younger woman, fresh from 4

the enthusiasm of the girls' organiza- the women in their local societies, and tion, finds the women's society a dull have given them this help as they place indeed. start the winter's work.

One of our most successful plans Briefly. the practical help given may for bringing about a change of feel- be summed up as follows: Two mising' on the part of the younger women sionary banquets were put on with toward the older women has been suggestive toasts, invitations, etc.; an along the line of making the state hour each was given to an intensive woman's society more attractive to study of "The Adventure of the both old and young. To do this we Church" and "A Straight Way Toward have inaugurated a woman's house Tomorrow," with a competent leader party three days long in the same hotel in charge; missionary methods were in which the World Wide Guild· holds given in a very striking way by one theirs, and just previous to theirs in of our state experts; a national secorder that traveling expenses of state retary of our children's missionary officers and missionaries may be saved. organization was present and did most effective work; five dramatizations The plan was launched with many were staged, all of them exceedingly misgivings, but was received with well done; a devotional period rungreat enthusiasm. Now, a few months ning through the various sessions after the first woman's house party taught by the same woman was most is over and distance enables us to look helpful; while. lastly, our missionary at it in a more critical way, we are guests, one home and one foreign, forced to certain conclusions which made a profound impression. are worthy of consideration. College Girls In the first place, we realize as we never have before that women can en- A group of girls whom we need to joy a house party just as much as hold in all of our denominations is the merriest group of girls. This did the group attending our normal not appear at the first meal which we schools and colleges. Because of necesate together, when friends insisted sity they are overwhelmed with work upon sitting together and almost and are in most cases away from everyone looked somewhat suspicious- home, there is a natural tendency to ly at everyone else and drew back drift from definite church responsifrom entering the various activities. bility. This does not mean that there In a few hours, however, the same is no training along these lines. Mrs. groups were transformed. Everyone Cronk in the December, 1925, copy of entered happily into drawing lots for the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD places at the table; there were almost gave an excellent resume of some more would-be actresses for impromp- campus activities from within. tu missionary dramatics than were needed; and, best of all, an enthusiasm It is our purpose briefly here to outfor our missionary program developed line what is being done by the miswhich is being felt in all branches of sionary women of the Northern our state work and in the local or- Baptist Convention through a series ganizations as well. of college counselors in district, state and local universities. The college As we review the whole affair we counselor receives her instructions and realize that we were able to accom- plans somewhat as follows: plish to a large degree the purpose for which we aimed. We have brought "The work of the College Counselor about a finer spirit of fellowship is to preserve and develop the link beamong our women; we have proved tween the denomination and the student to the "in-betweens" that the women's not only for the sake of securing recruits organizations, too, can have their good for the mission fields or other forms of times; and, lastly, we have given Christian service but for the sake of practical suggestions for the use of developing an intelligent, able constitu- ency filled with missionary consecration.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

"The type of woman needed for this "They can he greeted in church by work is one who understands the view- name and their absences followed up by point of the college girl. She must be a personal messages. woman of culture and personality. She must have a deep spiritual nature and "Church homes may be placed at the a passion for the advancement of the disposal of the College Counselor for Kingdom. group meetings.

"It is the aim of the District College "A large number of women in our Counselor to secure a counselor for every church membership live in places from state in her district. which girls go to college. Their connec- tion with the College Counselor work is "It is the aim of the State College also definite and vital. The girl who Counselor to secure a local counselor goes away to school needs to feel the in each community where there is a uni- interest of the home church following versity, college or academy which Baptist her. How can she be made aware of this girls attend. interest? Through the women at home, of course! "Local College Counselors may intro- duce themselves to the Dean of Women "Write to her new pastor and the and the Y. W. C. A. Secretary, and se- College Counselor in the place where she cure a list of Baptist students from them goes to school. or from the Registrar's office; also get a list of the foreign girl students, wheth- "Write friendly letters to the girl. er Christians or not, from the Committee "Invite her to your home during vaca- on Friendly Relations with Foreign Stu- tions and keep in touch with her interests. dents, International Committee Y. M. C. "See that the church recognizes in A., 347 Madison Avenue, New York City. some suitable way the departure of students in the fall and their return on "Local Counselors should seek con- vacations. Some churches have a special stantly to keep in touch with Baptist prayer service for students before they college girls; welcome them to their leave in the fall and have social or homes; make every effort to see that other meetings on their return, to hear they become acquainted quickly in the of their work, and especially of the local Baptist church, and find there a church affiliations which they have made. place to serve. "The church needs more intelligent leadership than ever before, and if our "They should arrange during the year, Baptist young people can be encouraged by various and attractive methods, to to train, not only for the sake of selfpresent information about the progress development, but also with the definite of Baptist work; plan if possible to have purpose of fitting themselves to serve the students meet denominational leaders Christ more intelligently and effectively, and lend missionary literature to inter- the future leadership of the church will ested girls. not constitute so serious a problem."

"As opportunity offers with individ- HELPFUL AND SUGGESTIVE BOOKS for those inuals, they should count it their greatest terested in Girl's Missionary Work. The privilege to encourage young women to Guild Book (Baptist); Book of M'. (Method- 1st); 3 and 30 Ml8B1onary Games (United fill places of Christian leadership as Brethren Leaflet); LealIe"ship oj Girl.' Acvolunteer workers in the local church or t;1!it/e8 (Methodist); Service. JOT the Open as employed workers on the mission fields. (Century). The candidate secretaries should be informed of any promising young women The Foreign Mission Journal who are considering the missionary says that it is the custom in many enterprise as a life work. places to endeavor to preach one great missionary sermon in the "The work of the College Counselors year and expect that to enlighten is therefore twofold in its aims: and inspire the people. "How would it do to put all the salt we "To make close and vital the relation- expect to use for an entire year ship between the Baptist student and the into one dinner'" Some pastors local Baptist church. think that their main business is to keep everything quiet and "To help the Baptist student fit herself smooth in the church. It is like for intelligent Christian service and rubbing a cat to hear it purr: leadership. but remember that when a cat is purring it is not catching mice. "Many Baptist women live in places where Baptist young women attend college. They can be of great assistance in preserving and developing the link between the denomination and the student, by making themselves friends to Baptist students. No rules for friendship can be laid down, hut for the sake of definiteness, some suggestions are given below: "Calls may he made upon Baptist girls. "They may he invited into the church homes.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22ND ST., NEW YORK SECURING RURAL LEADERSHIP Negro will always be at a serious dis- advantage in the cities on account of By W. A. C. HUGHES the attitude of the white working man.

The 1920 census shows the number "Commerce, manufacturing and of Negroes living in southern rural commercial pursuits lend themselves communities to be 6,661,332. This to labor organizations where the white population is confined almost entirely man claims a monopoly based on racial to the South Atlantic, the East and prerogative. This is true in America, South Central division of our states. Australia, Canada, and South Africa, In these states we have 915,595 farm- and in all parts of the world where ers, which is an increase of 70,515 there is the conflict of color. When we turn to the country the relativity over 1910. of the situation is entirely different. The large movement of the Negro He has neither the intolerance of ra- cial rivalry nor the relative disadvanfrom the South to the North did not tages which confront him in the city. seem to affect Southern farming com- The farming industry does not lend munities as much as has been general- itself to labor organization. The ly supposed; nor did the tremendous markets are color blind. The price of swing of the nation's population from produce has no relation to the color of open country to urban centers affect the producer." Mr. Miller writes near the Negro population in any wonder- the conclusion of his article: "The fully large way. The census shows the Negro race will most likely overcome decrease of rural Negro folk to be 3.4 its present commercial handicap by per cent or 234,876. But out there in engaging in farming activities in a the "sticks," as we are pleased to call business-like way. The white race acthe countryside, we have no finely quired its business ability by long prospun system of eugenics to limit the prietorship as farm owner and manmembership of our households, so that ager." This plunges right into the with the migration reaching its peak heart of our rural problem. The Negro by 1920, I have a suspicion that if a will more likely overcome his present census were taken now we would find handicap when he learns. that six years were nearly enough to account for at least a hundred thou- Some of the Haudicaps sand youngsters.

Contrasting that group of Negroes who have been caught by that craze We have 212,365 Negro farm own- which has swept millions of America's ers in the South but we have 701,471 rural people to the cities with that tenant farmers; when you count wom- other and large proportion of the race en and children engaged in this occu- who live in the country, Professor pation, these figures might easily be Kelly Miller of Howard University multiplied by four. Their crops are says in the Manufacturers Record of principally cotton, sweet potatoes, rice Baltimore, Md., August 5, 1926: and tobacco. Of the total cotton crop "When the impulse of the World War raised in the United States, the Negro shall have spent its force and Northern raises 39 per cent; of the sweet po- industries shall have settled down to tatoes 21 per cent; of the tobacco 10 their normal ways, Booker Washing- per cent; and of the rice 9 per cent.

ton's philosophy will be found to be Of all our agricultural pursuits, ten- basically sound as a comprehensive ant farming, cursed as it is by primi- policy for most of the Negroes. The dve plantation methods, is at the 228 bottom. And next to this misfortune ments in our twenty Negro Confer- is an utter lack of diversified farming. ences, 1,661 are rural.

With these two evils we can associate The largest number of Negro mem- nearly all of those handicaps which bers of the Methodist Episcopal make the Negro of the rural South Church are in these states of the South the most challenging missionary op- which are chiefly agricultural. South portunity of this land. With the plan- Carolina and Mississippi are probably tation and the one-crop system of the the largest agricultural states and in South are associated "debt" and its the former we have 56,000 members; twin brother, "poverty," the cabin and in the latter we have 45,000 members.

its lack of sanitation, privacy, clean- In some sections, for example the liness and, in most cases, incentive to Mississippi Delta, 95 per cent of the decency. farm labor is done by Negroes. There- Facilities for the proper type of the fore to be situated so as to give re- most rudimentary education are lux- ligious direction to so large a numbe,'

uries shared by only a very few com- of people who, of all Americans, need munities. We have benefited won- leadership most, is not only a great derfully by the Rosenwald Schools, opportunity, but a distinct privilege the Smith Lever Act, State and Unit- Buildings and Leadership ed States Home Economic workers, and Farm Demonstration Agents, but To us it is apparent that the reli- withal, we must not deceive ourselves gious and missionary problems in- -these only touch the fringes of a volved in these communities resolve great problem. themselves into questions of buildings In our Negro farming communities and leadership. Some definite steps the Church is led by a woefully infe- have been taken to provide for both rior ministry, in far too many cases a of these. In our leadership program ministry that is not even a little bit we conduct summer schools for the above the level of the people in stand- training of rural pastors. We have ard and ideals. The marvel of the directed as many as three schools dur- rural dwelling Negro in the South is ing the summer with an average at- his religious vitality. You must agree tendance of perhaps forty men. At that any group of people who for 300 the present time we have two large years have worshipped God, in the summer schools. In these schools the shanties which they call churches and minister's wives are welcome and some have had as their religious diet once- of them come.

a-month preaching by an absentee pas- At first it was our policy to bring tor whose major qualifications for the better prepared rural pastors to leadership are a good pair of lungs these training centers, but we have and a good VOice, must have amazing learned that most of our country religious vitality. The fact that their preachers who have had some training empty souls find some nourishment in regard the country appointment as a the husks upon which they must feed temporary assignment that they may is the most insistent call I know to get experience in dealing with folk the missionary agencies of the Church. and be the better prepared for a city How One Denomination Is Meeting job, "the ever enticing goal of larger the Problem opportunities."

Because the men who will remain in At no place in our Negro work has our country appointments are for the the Board of Home Missions and most part those who have not enjoyed Church Extension of the Methodist school advantages, we are making it Episcopal Church accomplished a more our policy to bring these men into our enduring task or made a better con- training centers and give them the tribution to Negro uplift than in the benefit of the courses we offer. It is rural South. Of the 2,093 appoint- not at all easy to adapt a course to

men who have had such limited advan- afford one section of the parish easier access to church, tages but we believe we are going for- Held a Farmers' Conference, ward with considerable success. Organized a Teacher-Training Class, Our course consists of Religious Made out a recreational program and had some kind of a young people's Education, giving prominence to the function every Saturday afternoon. playway, home gardening, animal and poultry culture; horticulture; simple Training Lay-Worker.

courses in health, including First Aid Experience has taught us that we in sickness or accidents, a little die- must do more than reach the preacher.

tetics, how to make a sick bed, how to In most of our rural communities take the pulse and register tempera- there are frequent changes of minis- ture; the care of infants. VVe teach ters, and because we cannot give all simple methods in constructing sani- of our pastors the benefit of these tary out-buildings and what to do in training schools a change in pastorate an inexpensive way to improve the often means the complete collapse of home and the church buildings. In this what has been well begun on a charge.

work we have had at several of our In addition to the training school schools the assistance of Tuskegee In- for pastors, we try to carry a training stitute and we usually get a state farm program down to the people. VVe se and Home Economics demonstration lected forty-one centers in Mississippi, agent to assist us. Our faculty is Louisiana and Texas to put on a three drawn from the very best men and days' Institute at each place. Each In- women we can secure. stitute had a faculty of three trained VVe grant scholarships on the nomi- persons. These centers were selected nation of the District Superintendent with a view toward bringing six or which cares for board, lodging and more churches together; the persons railroad fare one way. A scholarship to benefit are the pastors, Sunday averages $19.00 and to date we have school workers, Young People's Sogranted about 700. It is our purpos: ciety workers, and any who are to keep in touch with these men as interested or might be made to interthey go back to their fields and at- est themselves in some type of social or community program. tempt to put in practice what we have One month before the Institute, a taught them. questionnaire is sent to the pastor. At one of our summer schools for The questionnaire is prepared so as to rural pastors the men who had attend- get down to local problems and when ed the previous year were asked what properly answered the team will know they had done during the year to im- the needs of the churches and commuprove their charges. Here are two nities they are serving. No Institute answers which are typical: is conducted unless the information necessary to an intelligent discussion From a pastor of a town church: Established a playground, of the local situation is in hand. VVe Improved the church grounds, propose to invite churches of other de- Put a new wire fence around the church nominations to these Institutes.

proper, Daily Vacation Bible Schools Installed a stereopticon· and begun using VVe have attempted to develop a illustrated lectures, Organized a club for girls, Started a reading circle, Installed a telephone in the parsonage, number of Daily Vacation Bible Put on the Every-Member Canvass sys- Schools in the open country but have had no noteworthy success. The coun- tem, try child must w(}rk in the fields, and Organized a Teacher-Training Class.

From a pastor in the open country: there is much for him to do in the cotton raising sections during the Organized a Community League, Remodeled a school building, summer time. VVe have secured some ;Built a bridge across a creek in· order to· pleasing restilt~ in the large towns….

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE sions for obligations in regard to REPORTED BY JEAN GRIGSBY PAXTON situations in which the foreign mis- sionary work is closely bound up is "I've just discovered why you are different from other people," said one summed up in the following section woman to another at a recent meeting, from the findings: "you take findings seriously, you act upon them I And that is why you get One of the results of the missionthings done." ary endeavor is that a powerful searchlight has been turned upon It is an arresting thought that many our professed Christianity as it repeople, perhaps most people, think of lates itself to actual contacts of life. findings as a record of past events We have been preaching Christ's when they should be in reality a char'- message of peace and brotherhood, ter for future action. Even so dy- yet all around us each day we see namic a document as the Declaration and read of actions that are the utof Independence meant nothing until ter negation of these principles, and it was put into action; the findings of about which as responsible citizens any meeting no matter how potential we cannot be silent if we are to be can have meaning only as the ideas consistent. Those to whom we have contained in them are taken seriously preached are demanding of us that and put into practise. we demonstrate the sincerity of our message, the test being our lives The 22d Interdenominational Con- and practices. This test is being ference of the Federation of Women's made along international, interra- Boards of Foreign Missions of North cial and industrial lines, the malad- America held at Atlantic City, Janu- justments of which imperil the peace ary 6-9, 1928, will be potent only as of the world. the constituent boards and affiliated local federations go forward on the There are scores of agencies plans created during those days of binding the world together in comunited thought and prayer. mercial, educational, physical and international realms. These are our The theme of the meeting was In- allies. Recognizing our commit- creasing Power for Increasing Obliga- ment to the Christian interpretation tions. The binding nature of those of these relationships, we reaffirm obligations was shown on the first eve- our conviction that the missionary ning when nationals from China, Japan enterprise is closely bound up with and Syria, young women whose very these, and we pledge ourselves to an presence with us made manifest years effort toward a greater synthesis of missionary devotion, spoke on con- between them. We therefore rec- ditions in their own countries. Later ommend Mrs. Charles K. Roys and Mrs. a. That we follow with our Thomas Nicholson pointed out the new thoughts and prayers the prepara- problems and opportunities before the tions for the meeting of the Inter- women of this country as they look national Missionary Council at forward to continued cooperation in Jerusalem, standing ready to give to work in other countries. the findings of that significant con- The sense of responsibility felt by ference our careful study and con- this group of women representative of sideration.

the Women's Boards of Foreign Mis- b. That as one of the nine groups'

231

forming the National Committee on federation to those just taking up their the Cause and Cure of War, we responsibilities for the making of a make its program a more effective Christian world is embodied in these part of our work, including study words: and action along the lines of secur- ity, arbitration and disarmament, In view of the points brought out the foreign policy of the United by the speaking and discussion in States in regard to the Philippines, the student session that the youth China, Japan, Latin America, and of today feel inhibited in their con- international debts. We suggest as tribution to the Foreign Mission a practical step that the conclusions Enterprise both in speech and ac- reached at the conference on Janu- tion; and that the restlessness and ary 15-19, 1928 at Washington be criticism of youth are due in part at once taken nationally and locally at least to the lack of outlets for for very careful study and if neces- expression and that these things sary for action. constitute a very real challenge to us as leaders to open up for them c. That we cooperate with and new channels for service: encourage those educational move- ments that are seeking to develop We reaffirm the following recom- peace and right interracial attitudes mendations of last year among our children. a. That the importance of our d. That in the face of the be- work in connection with foreign wildering and baffling problems con- students be recognized and much nected with the above and the need more largely extended. for releasing greater spiritual forces, the noon hour be used as a b. That we continue to study the time for prayer for peace. present youth situation and pro- mote knowledge of and participatior We commend the following reso- in Foreign Missions on the part of lution, which was adopted: young people in every way possible, not separating them from the rest As members of our respective po- of the group, but integrating the litical parties we shall require for thought and activity of both older our votes presidential candidates and younger, experienced and less whose public pledges and private experienced. performances uphold the 18th c. That the present effort to place Amendment. young people on our mission boards We shall require clean records of be continued.

every administration, federal, state d. That we study the best method and local, of enforcement honestly of introducing new missionaries to carried out free from bribery, pat- the field in order to conserve their ronage and corruption by men who individual contribution. are for the law and are given suffi- cient power to be able to fulfill their e. That we work through; and duty. with all student agencies for a uni- fied approach to these young people If this means making the 18th in our colleges. Amendment an issue in the 1928 elections, then we are prepared to And we further recommend make it the issue. f. That we try to help our young On Sunday afternoon the joint people to make their needs and .demeeting with Foreign Missions Con- sires articulate, and that we join ference brought to the conference; an with them in their search for a uniexpression of the mind of the young versal interpretation of Christian people of today especially as it was truth recognizing the fact that as shown at the Detroit Student Volun- youth takes up its share of the task, teer Convention. The answer of the God gives a new gift to youth.

g: That we heartily commend the

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

students in our American colleges for our sisters of other races and for the splendid progress they have nations, thuB enriching our experimade in interracial brotherhood. ence and releasing the power which The recognition on the part of the must be ours if we are to accomfederation of new conditions on the pli8h the tasks entrusted to us. We field and the need for adapting mis- therefore recommend: sion work to them was expressed in the following recommendations: That during the coming year we continue to develop our plans for We recognize in the indigenous this world-wide fellowship of prayer churches of mission lands a grow- endeavoring to draw into its circle ing desire for a united church under those who as yet have not fully national leadership. We appreciate joined in the effort. the difficulties involved in local ad- ministration and national develop- We recommend that we give con- ment when properties and funds are tinued cooperation to: to so large an extent controlled by agencies in the sending countries. a. The committees carrying re- We rejoice in the aspirations of sponsibility for union institutions these churches and desire in the in foreign fields. same spirit of courage and devotion which characterized the pioneers of b. The Committee on Christian the missionary enterprise to help in Literature for Women and Children the solution of their problems. in "Foreign Fields, We, therefore, recommend to the And by our increasing support make possible for these committees adequate provision for their increas- ing obligations.

Woman's Boards of Foreign Mis- The printed word can not recapture sions the high quality of those hours that a. That they launch in the local afforded a new understanding of the churches an educational program spiritual meanings inherent in the that will set forth the aspirations of missionary task and a new sense of the the indigenous churches for a larger unfailing sources of pOwer. No ac- measure of self-determination and a count of the conference would be com- more adequate expression of their plete, however, without mention of essential unity. the two meetings which centered upon b. That funds contributed in this the increasing power necessary for in- country be not so conditioned as to creasing obligations.

hamper them as they boldly move In the quiet of the Sunday morning out into new experiments under the Retreat there came an individual and leader,ship of the Holy Spirit. corporate sense of quietness and con- Under the title of Creative Coopera- fidence in the presence of God, and a tion and Widening Channels of Edu- new assurance that it is not by might cation reports from various standing nor by power but by His Spirit that committees were given on Monday all mission work 'must be conceived morning. Points calling for future and carried out. actions are included under these recommendations : This conference may mark the be- ginning of a new era in women's work It is with deep gratitude that we if the great body of WOmen who have recognize the growing power inher- given so loyally of their time and ent in our World Day of Prayer. A thought and money to mission work very decided expansion of this in the past, will act upon the findings prayer fellowship has come during of this meeting in a spirit of daring the past year. The circle of prayer confidence in the leading of God.

has extended literally around the NOTE: Copies of the Findings of this Con. world. We have learned the great ference and Dr. Hodgkin's closing address (fie. lesson of praying with rather than a copy) may be obtained from the various Women's B9ards or the office ()of the Federa- tion, 419 'Fourth Ave., New York. N. Y.

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LATIN AMERIOA teers for the ministry and other forms HIBdon. in Mexico Oity of Christian service is found among MISSIONARY cooperation is in the students of the Methodist Mexican evidence in the capital city of Institute in Puebla. Among these are Mexico. Here are located a union The- several who are contemplating service ological Seminary, union press and a in lands outside of Mexico." union bookstore supported by nearly A New "Friendship Pilgrimage" all denominations having work in Mex- ico. The stUdents in the seminary ATOUR to South America of an exhave visited the outlying congregations ceptional character has been anand have distributed literature. Coyoacan Preparatory School for boys, and nounced for the summer of 1928, San Angel Normal School for girls, under the auspices of the Educational now to be known as the Anglo-Mexican Advance in South America. This is Girls' School, have been officially rec- the organization, with headquarters at 419 Fourth Avenue, New York City, ognized and registered by the Mexican in which the Boards of Foreign Mis- Government. Such recognition in- sions of the Presbyterian Church in creases their standing and influence in the U. S. A. and the Methodist Epis- the country. Coyoacan is the only copal Church, the Committee on Co- Protestant school for boys in the cap- operation in Latin America, the Trus- ital and Federal District of Mexico, tees of Mackenzie College, the United and the Anglo-Mexican school (for- Christian Missionary Society (Dismerly San Angel) is the only Presby- ciples), and the Woman's Foreign terian school for girls in that whole Missionary Society of the M. E.

district. Church are cooperating in an inter- continental program of Christian edu- Methodism in Mexico cation, social and health instruction in BISHOP GEORGE A. MILLER, of twelve strategic centers of South the Methodist Episcopal Church, America, meeting South America's rewrites: "The glory of our church in quest for North American cooperation. Mexico has been its strongly national The tour will be in the nature of a character. Every pastoral charge has deputation, bent on understanding and a Mexican pastor. With the exception friendship.

of one superintendent, all supervision of district work is in the hands of Lack Honses, Not Hearers Mexicans. Mexican Methodism has THE situation in the matter of definitely accepted three well-defined church buildings in various Latin and clearly understood objectives as American countries is thus summa- goals for its activities. These are the rized from the Baptist point of view attainment as soon as possible of finan- by a writer in Missions: "There are cial self-support, of self-administra- now thirteen self-supporting churches tion, and of self-extension through in Porto Rico that are the outgrowth vigorous missionary work. There is a of the work of the home mission so- strong missionary spirit manifest in cieties in that country. In Cuba thir- the hearts of many of the Mexican teen pastors are paid by Cuban Methodists. A band of forty volun- funds. In Mexico the Baptist forces 284

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are earnestly endeavoring to provide hard to get him back;' and for three meeting houses at particularly needy months the craving for drink was with points without waiting for help from him. But the other young men, 'con- Northern Baptists. There are many vertidos,' stood by him; and when the more places in Mexico where services desire for drink would come upon him, cannot be held by reason of rigid adher- he would fill his pockets with gospels ence to the government requirements and tracts and go from house to house that public worship be held in a build- preaching Jesus. He immediately being especially dedicated to religious came active in street meetings and purposes. The Home Mission Society other services. One day, when he was has spared its operating budget in all preaching alone in the market, a poof the Latin American fields at the liceman tried to arrest him, but he expense of the church edifice funds. turned lawyer and defended his rights The Church Edifice Department stands as a Dominican citizen so skilfully that well-nigh helpless before the needs of he won the case. For about a year Latin America. Says Missionary after his conversion Elpidio worked at Riggs of Porto Rico, 'We lack houses his trade and preached on the streetr but not hearers.' " and in the missions and visited from house to house. He brought a num- Cannot Keep a Bible ber of souls to the Lord and into the church. He lamented his limited edu- ARECENT convert to Christ who cation, but undertook the course of lives in a small town on the out- study for Dominican pastors, and is skirts of San Jose, Costa Rica, has now in charge of a rapidly growing borne faithful testimony among his church, with a large Sunday-schoo!." friends and companions. "But," says a writer in the Latin American Evan- A Bible Opened the Door gelist, "he cannot keep a Bible. When he was first converted, he was ambi- I N A little town visited by Rev. Cliftious to have as good a Bible as it was ford A. Douglass of Medellin, Copossible to procure, so he bought one lombia, no one was willing to receive bound in leather. One day, however, the missionary party, and they started he was telling another man of the joy away. Before they had gone far, a and treasure he had found in his new man came running after them and in- Bible. The other man evinced a desire vited them to stay in his house. Mr. to share the treasure, and so our Douglass says: "It turned out that friend, out of the fulness of a heart this was a young man who had come that had freely received the riches of to our room three years before and God's grace in Christ, freely gave had bought a Bible and gone out with away his beautiful Bible. Soon after it hidden under his belt. He showed he bought another nice Bible, and us that Bible, but better still he showed again he found someone who needed it us by his actions and conversation that more than himself. Now he has a he has not only read but absorbed somp marked Testament with the promise of its spirit and teachings. He and that just as soon as he gives it to his good wife entertained us royally somebody more needy than himself, he and we stayed three days. Many men will be given another to replace it." and even sd.ffie women came to talk with us. There was no place for a An Earnest Domlnioan P ….tor public meeting, but we had conferences with from two to twenty people every ELPIDIO MERCEDES was convert- day from early morning until ten ed in the mission of the Free o'clock at night……. Thus the Lord Methodist Church in Santo Domingo. opened up a door for us in a place One of the missionaries writes of him: where there was great need of the "Elpidio had been very popull;U' with Gospe!." his old companions and they tried

Student Volunteers in Brazil of Cooperation, said, it was a red- ASTUDENT Volunteer Union was letter day in the history of the evan- organized two years ago in the gelical Church in Brazil. I was glad Brazil Conference of the Methodist to be present. The federation must )!:C Episcopal Church, South. At a recent forward, since it was launched in meeting held at Granberry College, prayer, and has prayer for its chief Juiz de Fora, several of the students object."

expressed a desire to go as missionary workers into Portugal or even into Luther's Day In Argentina O Portuguese Africa, and a number de- NE of the aims of the Lutheran missionaries in Argentina, says clared it to be their purpose to carry the Gospel into the wild and unchris- one of them, is to get the people of tianized interior regions of Brazil it- Buenos Aites and vicinity to talking self. The desire to volunteer for about Martin Luther. "This," he missionary work in Portugal or the writes, "is not easy. To announce in Portuguese possessions is a natural a Roman Catholic country to a group one, because of the call Portuguese of indifferent people that on the thir- Methodists in Brazil received a few ty-first of October a service would be months ago from Portugal, asking that held in which the pastor would speak missionaries be sent to open perma- about a certain Augustinian monk of nent work in ,that country and its pos- the sixteenth century and the work sessions. This call followed hard upon that he did, would attract about as the five months' evangelistic tour of many people as a discourse on San Portugal made last year by the old ex- Martin, hero of Argentina, would in priest and now superannuate Meth- Philadelphia. This would not do.

odist preacher, Rev. Hippolyto de Oli- Some more effective way must be em- veira Campos. As was stated in the ployed." About 800 boys and girls REVIEW at the time, even in the strong- attend the day schools of the mission.

est seats of Catholicism there was no Having been well instructed in the hall large enough to hold the crowds meaning of the Reformation anniver- who flocked to hear this gentle old man sary, these students were told that as he preached the evangelical doc- there would be no school on October trines to many who had never heard 31st. Their explanations of the holi- anything like them before. day to their families and friends proved to be an effective way of mak- Federation of Brazilian Women ing known the principles for which the MfSS GENEVIEVE MARCHANT, name of Luther stands. a Southern Presbyterian missionary in Varginha, Brazil, wrote in a Christian Education in Chile C recent letter: "Last week, a small HILE has been called "a rich land full of poor people." Santiago, its group of women met in the office of the Brazilian Secretary of Cooperation capital, is a medieval-modern metrop- in Latin America, to make church his- olis of 600,000 souls. Within its lim- tory. It was the first meeting of its one may discover, between palaces women, looking toward a national fed- and slums, almost every stage of civic eration of evangelical women. Four evolution. In this city, the Instituto were missionaries, and Miss Strout, Ingles, a mission boarding and day representing the Temperance Union, school for boys, has been carrying on was present as a guest. The others its work for many years. A reunion were Brazilian ladies, representing five of its alumni is thus described: "The denominations. A committee of five occasion provided an outlet for emo- was appointed, to organize and pro- tional reminiscences. The grizzled mote the federation and its purposes, veterans insisted that there should the chief of which at present is inter- first be an assembly for one of their cession. As Dr. Braga, the Secretary typical chapel exercises. All the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

speakers gladly and gratefully ac- we have passed and the establishment knowledged the formative influences of self-government in southern Ireland of Christian ideals and practices in have created a situation which is new, their lives. 'Only today, after the not only politically, but mentally and lapse of years, do we realize what religiously…… The new sense of in- Christian nurture has meant: declared dependence thus awakened has loos- one speaker who is a member of the ened the hold of the priest upon the present teaching staff." people, and in the minds of thousands of young Irishmen there has been EUROPE aroused a new spirit of initiative and Di.tributing Spurgeon'. Sermo~ a new sense of responsibility." Fur- THE Spurgeon's Sermon Society has ther evidence of a spiritual awakening for its aim the free distribution of is seen in the demand for Bibles re- Charles H. Spurgeon's sermons at ported by the colporteurs of the Irish home and abroad. When Pastor Spur- Presbyterian Church, who during the geon of London died thirty years ago past three years have entered 160,000 he left a legacy of 3,563 published ser- Roman Catholic homes and sold 43,- mons, half a million copies of which 932 Scriptures in part or whole.

are still in print.

A retired Indian missionary, the Evangelicals in Spain Rev. J. G. Potter (Amersham Bucks, REV. FERNANDO CABRERA of England), is devoting the remaining Madrid, addressing a London auyears of his life to distributing these dience, told of the early work done in valuable sermons, under the preaching Spain by the World's Evangelical of which there were added to the Church in London an average of over Alliance, and went on to say: "It has held religious meetings from time to three hundred members a year for over thirty years. Some have been time throughout the country, and it translated into Russian, Armenian, has taken up the defense of those who Chinese, Malayam, Arabic and Bengali. have been attacked by the authorities During the past four years 23,000 of Spain by reason of their attachment to the Gospel. In 1913 the World's sermons previously printed, 8,000 of Evangelical Alliance in Spain was rethe special editions, and about 20,000 organized on a more solid basis, and of the foreign editions have been cir- became a national branch. That the culated, not only in Europe and Amer- Spanish Government has recognized its ica but in Japan, India, China, Africa, existence is a very important matter; Syria, the West Indies and British it carries on its operations within the Guiana. WILLIAM OLNEY. protection of the law. Whenever any of these Spanish Protestants are in Reformation in Ireland trouble they turn to the Alliance for REV. F. C. GIBSON, of the Presby- help and advice. The Alliance has or- terian Church in Ireland, says ganized a campaign throughout Spain that the Reformation of the sixteenth in favor of liberty of worship. It century failed in his country because, has also organized united evangeliza- "instead of being an honest attempt to tion work. Eight years ago the first evangelize Ireland, it was rather a po- national congress of Evangelicals in litical attempt to Anglicize the Irish." Spain was held in Madrid."

He sees, however, many signs that Ire- land is preparing for a twentieth- German Bibles Forbidden A century Reformation. One of these DESPATCH from Innsbruck, in the Tyrol (January 19th), reports signs is the intellectual awakening which the system of national educa- that under an official Italian decreEt tion is bringing about. Second is the all Bibles and prayer books in the Ger- nationalist movement, of which he man language are strictly forbidden in says: "The revolution through which homes, schools and churches in south-

ern Tyrol, over which Italy has con- speaks of the Messiah whom God trol. All violations of the new promised to the Jews, and through the ordinance ,will be severely punished. Jews to the whole world, as their own Premier Mussolini says that this re- Old Testament Scriptures attest and striction is the natural result of a describe. He says: "For over an hour, previous decree directing that Aus· with my Old Testament on the table trian and German children must be in- and Hebrew copies of the New in their structed both in the school and at home hands, we conversed and discussed, entirely in Italian. The presence of comparing Scripture with Scripture, German books would nullify the effect And when I left they gladly accepted of this decree which has caused much the copies of the Hebrew New Testa- bitter feeling. ment which they had been using, and said that they would further study Religious Hatred in RoumlUlfa them in their own homes."

THE American Committee on the Rights of Religious Minorities, Russia to Try Buddhism 'I composed of fifty prominent citizens of'HE Young Men's Buddhist Asso- ciation of Colombo, Ceylon, pubthe United States, with Rev. Arthur J. Brown, D.D., as chairman, appoint- lishes a monthly paper from which the ed a deputation to visit Roumania last- following is quoted: year in view of the state of affairs re- A movement is now afoot in Russia ported to exist in that country, with to propagate Mahayana Buddhism in reference to the treatment of racial and religious minorities. Representa- that country. Buddhist representatives tives of the Government, political and from Tibet, Mongolia, and other counreligious leaders, and all types and tries of Central Asia have met in conclasses of the population of both the vocation to discuss and settle the details of the organization. Buddhism, it is be- lieved, will appeal to the peoples of Rus- majority and minority groups, were sia better than any other religion. The interviewed by members of the depu- Government welcomes 'the restoration of tation, and independent investigations an ancient form of Buddhism adaptable were also made. The deputation is to the Soviet's requirements.' An asso- ciation of erudite scholars. organized at unanimous in feeling that the anti- Leningrad. is expected to form a nucleus Jewish propaganda, which has attract- of a great seat of Buddhist learning-a ed special attention to Roumania, is Buddhist university of unique nature, part of a widespread and ugly mani- the like of which is nowhere in the world to be found now. The institution will festation of racial and religious ha- consist of four departments representing tred. Roumania is not the only India, Africa. Japan and Mongolia. The offender. The commission discovered control of them will be vested in the a feeling of widespread resentment hands of Sanskrit scholars of outstand- ing repute. The Government of Russia has guaranteed to pay all preliminary among the members of the minority expenses in connection with this movechurches against the compulsion exer- ment and also promised considerable ficised by the Government, enforcing nancial support in the future. them and their children to attend the services of the state Church on patri- Growth of Athens College otic occasions. APPLICATIONS for admission to the new college in Athens have Polish Jews Study New Teltament poured in even from Australia, India I NCREASED readiness of Jews in and Egypt, while students already ac- Cracow to listen to the gospel mes- commodated come from England, sage is reported by Max SpaIenice in Italy, Turkey, Africa and the United the Jewish Missionary Herald. He de- States, though the majority registered scribes talking with a group of Ortho- are from Greece and its archipelago.

dox Jews who were very friendly, and In the fall of 1928, with the comple- to whom he said that the New Testa- tion of a building given by Mr. Ben- ment is in reality a Jewish book; it achi of Athens, 200 boarding and 200

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

day students will be accommodated. agricultural department, recently be- During the coming year additional gun in Assiut College, gives promise accommodations will make possible of great usefulness."

the acceptance of 120 boys. The grounds for the college, situated at Unreaehed Territory in Egypt T Psychico, a few miles out of Athens HE opening of a new evangelistic center in the town of Imbaba and and containing thirty-seven acres, are also the gift of Mr. Benachi. 'rhe the administrative district of which Greeks in America have united un- it is the head is reported in the mag- selfishly in the campaign for the es- azine of the Egypt General Mission.

tablishment of an American college in The article states: "The town of Im- Athens. Professor Edward Capps of baba itself lies just across the river Princeton University has said, "This from Cairo on the west bank. But, is the finest demonstration and gift despite its proximity to the capital, it ever made by any foreign-born group remains largely a purely native town.

in America for their homeland." Its population is estimated at AFRICA 15,000. From Imbaba northward there stretches a district between the Nile SebooIs in Modern Egyp~ and the desert for more than twenty- R EV. F. SCOTT THOMPSON, five miles, which contains a population D.D., of the United Presbyte- of 150,000. Most of the towns and rian Mission in Egypt, writes of villages in this district are totally its work: "Under the direction of unevangelized, and are almost wholly the synod are 112 of the 216 evan- Moslem. Here and there are scattered gelical schools of Egypt, and some patients of the Old Cairo Hospital (C.

7,000 of a total of 17,500 pupils. M. S.), and it will be our endeavor Some of these schools are fully sup- to find them out and bring again to ported by student fees, others re- them the message which they have ceive annual subsidies from the funds heard in hospital. Already we have of the synod, and a few are specially made a commencement in villages provided for by wealthy individuals near at hand, and have met with en- or families. In the province of As- couragement in a readiness to listen siut, where school and church work and to discuss, though not entirely has been most fully developed, there without controversy."

are 61 schools with 4,000 pupils. Only two of these schools, the college for Villagers Won At Last A boys and the boarding-school for girls MISSIONARY of the Disciples' Church in the Sudan writes: "We with a combined enrollment of 1,200 pupils, are supported and controlled have had an interesting ingathering by the mission. Specialized lines of of converts from the nearby chefferie activity have also developed during of Bongale. This is a series of six this period. A training department villages, separated by stretches of for- for kindergarten teachers 'in the six est and swamp and under the author- years of its existence has sent out ity of one native chief who is quite more than twenty teachers to raise friendly to the mission. We have long the standard of methods in dealing sent practice teachers to conduct day with little children.' An increasing school at the chief's place, and dele- effort has been made to adapt to edu- gated evangelists in training or other catioIJ. in Egypt the results of child- Christians to hold service there on training experiments in America and Sunday afternoons……. I think the elsewhere. A special fund has made seed grew slowly in their supersti- it possible to teach reading to blind tious and sin-hardened hearts, and at girls. A commercial school, opened in last our local pastor, Paul Eala, Alexandria in 1910, has had an en- through a vigorous campaign among couraging growth and influence. An the older people and women brought

in group after group as inquirers, government official to be operated' on, who showed that the fruit was coming says that he wants to be a Christian.

at last. During the first few months I tried to make it plain that it is not of the year seventy-five people from lip service but the real change of these little villages, having a total heart that the Lord desired. I asked population which I would guess rough- him about his past life and how many ly at 800, came to be baptized at Mon- men he had killed. 'Oh, I think about ieka and returned to praise their a hundred,' was his reply. The Gov- Saviour in their village homes." ernment is carrying on a campaign against sleeping sickness, though they Work for Jews in AbYBBinia do not have enough men to look after ! BYSSINIA is a country of romantic things as they should. The remedy l.. interest as the one African inde- from the Rockefeller Institute, trypar- pendent state remaining, and the seat samide, is a life-saver out here.

of an ancient branch of the Christian To-day there were thirty-five to be in- Church. The secretary of the English jected. One enjoys being in a place Church Mission to the Jews writes: where there is such a need and to be "One of the most interesting depart- able to help some."

ments of our work is the renewed activity among the Falashas, an inter- African Church Controls Its Budget esting race. In religion they are R EV. H. C. McDOWELL, Amer- Mosaic. Whim they arrived in Abys- ican Board representative at Gasinia is uncertain, but clearly it was langue, Angola, West Africa, says of earlier than the captivity in Babylon, the effect produced by a series of for they know nothing of the accre- weekly forums, in which missionaries tions to Judaism since that time. The and African Christians discussed to- Mission was founded by John Martin gether every phase of the mission's Fladd in 1855. During the troubles in 1868 the missionaries were in con- life, "Galangue is slowly but surely tinual danger and suffered terrible acquiring a constituency that has privation. They were then obliged to nerve enough to differ." He conleave the country, and the Mission was tinues: "AU responsibility in the closed until 1922. During that time home missionary work and primary the Falasha converts remained faith- education in surrounding country has ful under the guidance of Michael been vested in the church itself. The Argawi, who still lives, aged eighty- church operates on a budget basis. It six. Two European missionaries were is fine to see the finance committee sent out in 1926, and they have just arranging and explaining the church's re-started definite work among the finances to the assembled group, us- Falashas." ing a large blackboard in the process.

Work Among Former Cannibals During the first year of its existence, more than $300 passed through the DR. W. S. LEHMAN, Presbyterian treasury of the church, the local medical missionary in the Cam- church having given $126 of this eroun, West Africa, since 1898, is now amount. The books of the treasurer in a new outstation, Dja Posten, are audited semi-annually. Galangue where he is at work among an unfa- has chosen to have a single treasury miliar people. He says of them: "The for church finance. Foreign money is Njem people do not seem to hunger used as long as the local church is and thirst for the Gospel as the Bulu able to equal amounts contributed; did. I have wondered if the fact that such foreign money is entrusted to they have been cannibals and have the finance committee and local church been very warlike has a tendency to for expenditure, and in no sense di- make them reserved. One old man in rectly or indirectly controlled by the the hospital, who was sent here by the missionaries."

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Faithful Congo Bible Woman the world. Cattle are pastured on T HE fine Christian character of 'commons' and the chiefs allot plots Mpangu, wife of an African pas- for agricultural use. In Basutoland tor in the Southern Presbyterian Mis- the British have in large measure practiced a hands-off policy. In effect sion in the Belgian Congo, is said to they have merely built a figurative be a joy to everyone. For the past fence around the country; have manyear she has carried her bag twice a aged the main machinery of the govweek to two nearby villages. Mrs. W. ernment, using Basuto laws and J. Anderson writes of the bag: "In the beginning it was met with laughs, customs wherever possible; and have jeers, cold looks and stony hearts. The left practically all minor matters to the chiefs to manage in their own way women at the very first thought that under a paramount chief. Education the bag held some salt for them, and in Basutoland is almost entirely in gathered around begging for some. the hands of missionaries. Under But when they saw only two old worn British guidance and missionary tutebooks, they were disgusted. A few, a lage, the Basutos have forged rapidly very few out of curiosity, asked what ahead to the generally recognized pogood those books would do them. Salt sition of the most enlightened group and soap and gifts like that were what of South African natives. In a centhey wanted. The carrier of the bag tury their numbers have grown from immediately made use of her chance 40,000 to nearly half a million; and and told them of the Gift the one book there are almost as many cattle as told about, and sang them beautiful people in the country." hymns out of the other book. Now after one whole year of faithful serv- Second Generation ProbleDls ice, these heathen of the heathen are beginning to grasp a little of the story REV'. RAY E. PHILLIPS writes of the Gift of Eternal Life. Women, from Johannesburg, in the Zulu who had never heard of Jesus until Branch of the South African Mission that bag came to their village, are now of the American Board: "Many chilable to repeat the Beatitudes. Women, dren of Christian parents find much who had never heard our good old in heathenism that attracts them and hymns, are now able to sing hymns they slip off into the heathen kraals, through by memory. The Sabbath was there to stamp their feet, clap their never kent by them. Now of their own hands, and shout the songs. Their free will they lay aside the work of places are vacant in church, and their their fields on the day of rest. Now parents see with despairing eyes that instead of jeers, cold looks, and stony their wayward children are slipping hearts, the bag and its faithful car- downward into a life which is not rier are met with welcoming eager wholly heathen, yet not genuinely faces, and receptive hearts." Christian; they accept. the easy ben- efits of each and end too often in a Enlightenment in Basutoland total disregard of the conventional moral standards prevailing in even B ASUTOLAND, South Africa, is heathen society. This problem of the described by the National Geo- second generation Christian has graphic Society as "in effect a gigan- caused the missionary to put increas- tic reservation set apart solely for ing emphasis on the adaptation of natives, and whites are not permitted Christian social methods to the legi- to own land in it. The few whites in timate social needs of the group. It the section are officials, missionaries has been seen that the preaching of and traders. A species of communism the Gospel should be supplemented by is in force such as that practiced the addition of the playground, the among primitive peoples or under Scout program, and athletics, as well primitive conditions in many parts of as by the school and Sunday-school." 5

THE NEAR EAST girls of all classes now that the Y. W. Turkey'. Religious Future C. A. keeps school daily.

T HE long-established work of the American Board in Turkey gives Why Turkey Forbids the Veil T to Congregationalists a special inter- HREE reasons for the regulation promulgated by the Republic of est in the religious outlook in that land. An article in the Missionary Turkey, which forbids Turkish wom- Herald for January says: "The sit- en to wear the veil, as they have done uation in Turkey today is a perilous for hundreds of years, were thus one for the soul of that new nation. given by Mustapha Kemal in a news- 'There are today in all Turkey only paper interview: "First, the veil is fifty men in line to take up the work insanitary. Turkish women, hiding of the hodjas in the mosques,' declares their faces for centuries, have grown a returned American worker. 'Three sallow and pale-faced. My second rea- years ago, at prayer time, the aisles son for outlawing the veil is moral.

of any train in Turkey would be filled In Anatolia our men never saw a with men saying their prayers at the woman outside of their own immedi- appointed times. Just recently I trav- ate families or Christian women. I eled across the entire country and saw have lived in the European provinces in all that time but one man perform- of Turkey, where Turkish men were ing his religious rites en route. Ram- accustomed to see a little more of azan, the once closely kept religious women, and in Western countries, festival, is no longer devoutly ob- where men see women every day. My served. During it the schools are not observation convinced me that, among permitted to close, neither are the those three classes of men, those of children excused from attendance.' our Anatolian provinces who came Whither is Turkey bound 7 Will she into very little contact with women follow Russia in her disregard of re- were by nature more sensual. My ligion as a vital factor in the life of third charge against the veil is that any nation 7 Will she turn to a puri- it has always shielded the criminal.

fied and reorganized Islam? Or will …… In the three years of the repub- the religion of the Nazarene, as lic the law has apprehended 4,000 Christianity is coming to be spoken criminals who were operating behind of there, arouse her enthusiasm by its a woman's veil."

moral strength and spiritual beauty?"

School at Brousa Closed The New Woman in Turkey ADISP ATCH from Constantinople on January 31st states that the I N THE opinion of Y. W. C. A. lead- Turkish Minister of Education has ers, there have been in the past caused the American Girls' School at five years more changes affecting Brousa, Anatolia, conducted by the women in Turkey than in the previous American Board of Foreign Missions five hundred years. The Government in Western Turkey to be closed on the has granted to women the franchise, ground that religious propaganda has control over their children and the been conducted there. The school was right of divorce. Educational oppor- founded fifteen years ago and had tunities for women in Turkey are still sixty scholars. An investigation folvery limited. There are no free lowed rumors of the conversion of schools, and payment for all material four Moslem girls. Turkish law vests and books used down to the chalk used religious moral authority in the parfor blackboards, must be made. For ents until their children attain their the daughters of families unable to majority at eighteen. This control pay for their education, the Y. W. C. was exercised by Moslem priests A. educational classes are a great :hoon. So great is the demand from before the State Church was abolished

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

with the Caliphate. Two American adequate motive. The present appeal teachers were accused of proselytiz- is frankly racial and materialistic. Its ing. The missionaries state that the aim is the purely selfish one of build- school has been conforming to the law. ing up in Palestine a Jewish state Up to February 9th the American which will be ultimately exclusively Board had received no confirmation of Jewish and wholly for the glory and the closing of the school. advantage of the Jews……. The fu- ture of the Jews as conceived by the Constantinople College Graduates prophets can never be assured by a MISS KATHRYN NEWELL mere return to the land of Israel, only ADAMS, President of the Con- by a humble and sincere return to stantinople Women's College, gives the Jehovah their God."

following summary of the activities A Missionary's Persian Guests of the twenty-eight graduates in last A year's class: "Four girls are doing N AMERICAN missionary in Hamadan, Persia, writes of his volunteer work with social organizations such as the Red Crescent, or- many and varied guests: "There was phanages, and the Y. W. C. A., just the elderly Persian doctor with white as American girls might be doing vol- turban and quaint ways, who is the unteer work for the same organiza- only Christian in his home town. And tions in the United States. One is a the watercarrier with his highsecretary in charge of club work at humped shoulder over which he has the Y. W. C. A. One will do graduate slung his goat-skin water bag so many work in history on a scholarship at years, but who has varied that with the Woman's College of Brown Uni- itinerating trips since he became a versity, Providence, R. I. Four or five Christian; and the bookbinder who girls will teach. Two are to be as- also goes itinerating with our evansistants at the college. Several have gelist at times. There was the titled good secretarial jobs. Two will study gentleman of wealth from a nearby music in Europe. Two hope to study district, entertainer of shahs and nursing, as they are particularly in- armies, with the old-style manner of terested in child welfare. Three are liberality, but at the same time liberal to be married and will do community in the new way to visit with his wife work of various kinds where they and daughter in the home of our nextmake their new homes. Many girls door neighbor, a Jewish Christian turn their physical education training doctor, and to dine with us, the ladies to account by organizing children's with uncovered faces. When I asked playgrounds in their native towns and him whether this was his general custeaching both children and mothers tom he answered: gymnastics and games." "'I beg you to believe, khanum, that The Motive Zionism Lacks we have known some Persian gentlemen for years and would never think of doing this with them, but we know where the REV. J. STUART CONNING, D.D., friendship is true and the heart right , recognized as an authority on and there we are not afraid.' "

Jewish evangelization, writes of the achievements in Palestine of the 100,- Colporteur's Work in Iraq 000 or more men and women, chiefly T HE British and Foreign Bible Sofrom Eastern Europe, who have "re- ciety has at present two colporsponded to the lure of the ancient teurs working from Baghdad and one homeland," that in half a decade these from Mosul, who made excellent sales pioneers have done more for Palestine last year. Yusef Keeb, working from than the Arab and Turk have done in Mosul, sold 3,715 volumes; of these centuries. "But," he continues, "what 2,621 went to Moslems, 434 to Jews, Zionism needs to give it vitality is an and the remainder to Yezidis or

Christians. "A story from Yusef was unanimously adopted by the coun- Keeb's diary," says The Bible in the cil. The very name borne by women World," may serve to illustrate alike dedicated to temple service, devadasis, the hardships and the joys of the col- the servants of God, indicates that porteurs' life: A party of Moslems this institution at one time or other met Yusef, and one asked for a copy partook of the nature of a religious of his books. After he got it, another order, but it has practically become spat on the face of the colporteur and synonymous with prostitution. The said, 'Go away, you cursed one. You sanction of religion and custom bedesire to destroy Islam.' Then turn- hind this institution has hitherto ing to his friend who got the book he shielded it from being overthrown, said, 'These books are forbidden. You and because it is connected with the must not read them.' But they heeded religious life of the people, the Brithim not, and another bought a copy ish Government would not have taken of St. Luke, and yet another said to any initiative in the past for introthe objector, 'How can you be so un- ducing legislative measures against it. just with such men? They have The Indian Christian Council Review learned from Nebi Isa (the prophet points out that to Dr. Aromal India Jesus) to be patient, for such He was, owes a deep debt of gratitude for givas I have read of Him in the Injil.' " ing a lead in this matter to the whole country, and that she should receive INDIA AND SIAM the hearty sympathy and cooperation of Indian Christians and missionaries. Moslems Read the Bible AMISSIONARY of the Church Mis- A Girl Earns Most sionary Society in India writes: "One day I was going to a house to ATELUGU girl from the Baptist tell a Moslem girl of her success in mission station at Madira, India, passing a government examination, finished the normal study course and and as I entered the courtyard I heard took a position as teacher in a caste the sound of reading and thought that girls' school at a salary of twenty the father was reading the Koran. As rupees a month. The sum earned by I went in the father rose, holding in this girl is more than the income of his hand a Bible in Urdu, and said: her father or brothers, or of any of 'I have been reading to the women the three hundred individuals in her from the Psalms.' Another day in a home village. It is easy to see what poor Moslem house the father spoke a premium this puts on Christian eduto his wife in front of me and said cation. The idea of having a girl earn she was to ask for a Bible. (He did more than any man in town! Yet the not think it polite to ask me direct.) people are still so bound by age-long I took one the next week, and his lit- customs and ideas that they do not tle daughter of ten danced for joy and realize their opportunities, and the said: 'Now we shall hear this read proportion of girls in all the schools every night.' It appears that they is far below the number of boys. One had had a Bible before, but it had got in every three boys, and one in every lost in moving house." seventeen girls in India are in school.

WODlan Leads in TeDlple Refor:m A Scholar's Tribute to Jesus ARESOLUTION, moved by Dr. I NA large city of Bengal a party Muthulakshmi Ammal, an en- of some twenty Hindu gentlemen lightened Hindu woman, in a recent -university professors, lawyers, promeeting of the Madras Legislative fessional and business men-gathered Council, urging the Government to in the house of a missionary, and abolish the institution by which wom- agreed to state, for the information en are attached to Hindu temples, of the others, without controversy,

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what God meant for them in life. Rev. Barriers in Bannu Giving Wa.y Harold Bridges, an English Baptist missionary, writes: "In the company AHOSPITAL has been maintained was one university teacher, a brilliant for many years by the Church scholar in Sanskrit and philosophY. Missionary Society at Bannu, in the His simple testimony touched all Northwest Frontier Province, near hearts. He felt the need of daily com- the Afghan border. Miss H. M. Gaze munion with God, not only in times writes:' "Among Moslems there is a of trouble but also in prosperity and distinct lessening of the dread, which joy; prayer, for him, was the most was formerly intense, of dying in a real and precious experience of life; Christian hospital; an increased tolhe felt-very humbly-that he knew erance, and a' willingness at least to God as a friend. After the gather- hear what gospel it is that we are proing had dispersed I ventured to ask claiming. This latter also applies to this man how he had gained his Hindus of the city. In the men's hosknowledge of God-since the Al- pital both medical and evangelistic mighty seemed so inscrutable to the work have been strengthened since the others. 'Chiefly by experience, after autumn of 1926 by the addition to reading the life and teaching of Jesus the sta'fi' of a fully-qualified Christian from the New Testament,' he replied. Pathan, Dr. Falcon. The Pathan pa- 'In no person have I found a presen- tients listen willingly to the message tation of God which so completely sat- delivered to them in his and their isfies my judgments of real value as mother tongue by one who speaks it in Jesus.''' as one of themselves and claims racial kinship with them."

Self-Government by Indian Boys Describing a special evangelistic campaign, Miss Gaze says: ABOUT six hundred boys, whose i. ages range from five to nineteen, I confess that it was with great diffiand whose parents are Brahmins, all dence that I began selling gospels in the c1ass~s of Hindus, Mohammedans and market place of Bannu city; but they Christians, are enrolled in a school were taken so eagerly and the greetings conducted by Congregationalist mis- of the many hospital patients I met were sionaries in Ahmednagar, India, Mrs. so hearty and friendlv that courage soon A. A. McBride, whose husband is the returned. principal, writes: "These are the boys who must become the leaders in the Bibles for South India.n Moslems churches of our mission and in western India. To increase their feeling M RS. G. C. MERRIWEATHER, of of self-dependence and initiative the the Ceylon and Indian General boys are divided into thirteen squads, Mission, writes from Coimbatore Diseach with an older boy as leader, who trict, South India: "I have been is made more or less responsible for greatly cheered lately by a keen de- sire on the part of the Moslems here to read the New Testament. For the his squad. The squads are expected last four or five days Moslem boys and to eat and sleep together. Each has men have been coming up to the buna certain job which is changed from galow in groups of five or six at a time to time, like bringing firewood time asking for gospel portions. One and water, going to the mill for flour, day eighteen came. For fear of sweeping, cleaning the water tank, quenching their desire, I have given keeping the yard in order, and helping away gospel portions to those who the sick boys. The squad leaders and could read, and to one very bright the principal form a council which young fellow I gave a Bible. I have meets and settles discipline cases and had it for fourteen years, I think, and makes rules. Of course the principal never has there been any desire for has a veto power. One boy is chosen it. Now it is a greatly prized treas- each month as chairman." ure, and others are -anxious to posse-ss

one; but I have no more. I have just All assured us it was quite safe to written to renew my stock of Bibles, return now. Whether on the street or New Testaments and Psalms." in the shop, this was the kind of reception that was given us by Chris- Steadfast Siamese Christians tian and by non-Christian. The com- mon people are anxious to see us DURING a trip made last year to again. Many of our Chinese workers establish in Luang Prabang, have been suddenly, and in some cases Northern Siam, a mission station prematurely placed in positions of reamong the Laos people which is to be sponsibility and power, yet they have carried on entirely by Siamese Chris- not faltered nor failed." tians, Rev. Hugh Taylor, D. D., missionary in Siam since 1888, had many Chinese C.hristian Slogans interesting experiences. He describes a visit to a Christian village, where A VISITOR at the recent meeting 150 partook of the Communion, and of the Mid~Fukien Synod, made says: "For twenty-four years, since up of the Congregational Churches esthe last visit of an American mission- tablished by the American Board, ary, Kru Chaima, a Siamese national, which has been at work in the district has held this community of Ramoo around Foochow since 1847, makes Christians together and preached the this ·comment: "I noticed with much Gospel in their mountain settlements. interest the many short Christian slo- He is a sterling illustration of the gans in the Assembly Hall. The fact steadfastness of a consecrated Siam- that the Nationalist movement has ese Christian character. Here is seen found the posters with short slogans the transformation of an animistic so effective in creating sentiment and people who have changed their evil convictions in its behalf throughout spirits for the Holy Spirit. Loving the nation shows the possibilities in and worshipping the holy instead of the use of such methods by the Chrisbowing to and fearing the evil, a tian Church in China. In the front of great miracle has been wrought in the church, behind the pulpit, was a their lives. Trustful prayer to our large picture of Christ. Below it were heavenly Father takes the place of written Christ's words from the Cross blood offerings to devils. The village with the caption "The Last Words of assembled to see us off and pro- Christ." Below that we had Christ's nounced a heartfelt blessing on our "Will," which was Matt. 28: 19. This journey." was a Christian adaptation of the Nationalist's custom of placing Dr. CHINA AND TIBET Sun Yat-sen's picture, his last words and his will behind the platform in Returning Missionaries Welcomed every school assembly hall and audi- torium." T WO representatives of the China Inland Mission recently made, with Apostasy of Marshal Feng the permission of their consul, a fortnight's visit to their former field in REV. A. R. KEPLER, Executive Chekiang Province. One of them Secretary of the General Council writes: "We were quite unprepared of the Church of Christ in China, for the very friendly attitude of quotes a Chinese pastor to whom Mareverybody as we made our way shal Feng Yu Hsiang said recently: through the narrow, winding streets "I am no longer a Christian General. to the boys' school compound. All I have no God and no Christ." Mr. was quite peaceful. There were no Kepler continues: "I believe that the signs of anti-foreign or anti-Christian Marshal is still personally as c1eanactivity. Everywhere there were post- lived as ever. His visit to Moscow ers setting forth the danger and ann his contact with the Bolshevik harm of Bolshevism and communism. leaders are largely responsible for his

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

apostasy …… Upon his return from Among the findings of a commission Moscow, Marshal Feng severed his re- on The Position of Women in the lations with his farmer chief of chap- Church, which were adopted by the lains and with his missionary Assembly, were the following: advisers. The Three People's Principles of Sun Yat-sen and the teaching During the past hundred years the of Nationalism replaced the Bible and Church has been the leader in the im- Christian instruction and Christian provement of the status of women, and services in his army corps. He elimin- has opened to them many avenues of ated from his army all the Christian fruitful service. The great advance in features which had characterized his the education of women during the last troops in the past, and featured in twenty years has produced a considerable their stead Nationalist rituals and the number of women who intellectually are teaching of Kuo Min Tang principles. in every way capable of taking their There are still strong individual place on an equality with men. Christians in his army. General Chang Djih Kiang, his chief of staff, is still Women members of the Church should as sincerely and patiently a Christian be encouraged to give voluntary help as he ever was. He is the general both in the activities of the Church and who ordered several thousand copies in social service. They should have votof the Bible from the American Bible ing powers and be eligible to serve as" Society, which he distributed as pres- either members or office-bearers on any ents among the officers of his army of the councils of the Church….. . and his friends." We believe there is an increasing need for women evangelists Who have had more thorough training in higher grade Bible schools. Such women should be given an equal status with men evan- gelists.

Yunnanese Ask fo"r Teaching A Chinese Preacher's Testbnony REV. AND MRS. CARL G. GOW- MAN of the China Inland Mis- ONE Sunday morning while a Chin- sion are at work among the Lisu ese Christian was preaching in aborigines in the remote southwestern the gospel hall at Limchow, South province of Yunnan, and have re- China, a party of men accompanied by mained at their station during the a paid agitator entered, shouting and disturbances in other parts of China. scolding the preacher and congrega- They have made some interesting contion. They taunted the preacher with tacts with Chinese in their territory, being under the foreigner, but he re- and of one town recently visited Mr. plied with calm dignity: "I am em- Gowman says: "I found to my amazeployed and paid by the Church of ment, a deputation from the gentry China." When they accused him of of the town, who stated that a numworshipping the foreigners' God, he ber of them had been discussing the said: "I worship Jesus Christ, who matter for some weeks and that they like you and me was born and lived desired to become Christians. They in Asia; He never visited Europe." Boon proved they were in earnest for Others in the congregation witnessed they asked me to preach to them, and for the true God, and finally the dis- escorted me to another part of the turbers left with nothing worse than town where more of their friends of hard words and angry looks. Miss like mind were gathered, together Bakewell, of the Church Missionary with the Chinese official. They found Society, writes: "Their visit (though three lanterns and arranged for an very unpleasant) has done more good open-air meeting in front of the largthan harm to the cause of Christ." est shop in the town. For over an hour I had the privilege of preaching Women in the Chinese Church to over a hundred, inclU!ling about twenty students. A more respectful WOMEN were regularly appointed hearing I have never had at such a to membership in the first Gen- gathering." eral Assembly of the new Church of Christ in China held last October.

An Indo-Chinese Village ing Japan with its jazz spirit. its big REV. J. H. TELFORD, of the business ideals, its moving pictures, American Baptist Foreign Mis- its craze for excitement and pleasure, sionary Society, writing from that but we still believe in America beremote hill region where the borders cause it has its heaven as well as its (If Burma and China meet, says: hell. We shall never forget some of "While on the border I baptized six the missionaries who came to us. Lahus in a heathen village called They left an indelible impression."

Namawn. We have worked for this village for a good many years and Japa.n·s New World Outlook T now we have witnessed the first break. HE paper published by the Japa- nese Students' Christian Associa- 'These six baptisms are very significant. so far as the Christian influence tion is now entitled New Japan. Its (In the rest of the village is concerned, editor, writing in New York of con- for among the number are two of the ditions in his native land, says: "More leading men of the village-Lahu than 1.300 attended a lecture on Pacific priests. These two old men and their problems in the auditorium of the wives, the headman's son and another Asahi Shimbu in Tokyo, and fully an- man made the six. One of the priests other thousand were turned away when or witch doctors. to be more correct, Viscount Eiichi Shibuzawa emphasized gave a very striking testimony of his that friendly relations among nations conversion. 'He said that since the has become of primal importance for Holy Spirit had come into his heart the peace of the world, and when Mr.

and had taught him, it was impossible Junnosuke Inouye spoke on 'The Fu- for him to keep still and hide the light ture of the Pacific.' It is a hopeful in secrecy. He felt compelled to tell sign that new Japan is serious about all the village of the change that had giving world problems the benefit of taken place in his life. The villagers intellectual consideration and compre- have built a school for themselves, to hension. as well as spiritually in a which they are sending their children. common quest for the holy grail of in- It is taught by two Lahu brothers ternational peace. The old order of who are Christians." self-sufficiency has changed to the new and more improved order of world fel- JAPAN-KOREA lowship."

The America That Ja.pan Fears REV. TOYOHIKO KAGAWA, Jap- Newspaper Honors Missionaries anese preacher, social reformer and author. who is also a graduate of WHEN Rev. Dr. and Mrs. Charles Princeton University. is reported by A. Logan of the Southern Presby- The United Presbyterian to have said terian Church recently completed recently: "We are afraid of the Unit- twenty-five years of service in Tokued States. really afraid. You seem to shima, Japan, they were the recipients be turning into a military power. We of unusual honors and tributes of reare not able to forget your contemp- spect from the Japanese people. The tuous feeling toward us. as manifested Osaka Asahi, probably the largest daily in your exclusion law. America is the paper in the Orient. gave great prominoblest and most generous nation in nence to an interview granted by Dr. the world. but she is losing her soul Logan to their Tokushima correspondthrough growing wealth. There are ent. The account of the interview two Americas-a part which is truly which appeared on the front page was Christian. a,nd a part which is pagan. accompanied by large cuts of Dr. and These are as different as heaven and Mrs. Logan and introduced by headhell. It is the hell-America of which lines in bold type. Part of it. in transwe are afraid. It is already conquer- lation, read as follows: "The reporter said to Dr. Logan, 'The Japanese are

1928J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

said to be very changeable and such a missionaries to educational circles has thing as a man leaving his native land marked the inspiration of the Master's and spending twenty or thirty years message to a multitude of earnest stu- in the midst of heathenism a thousand dents. A latent Christian faith has ri away, and that in one locality, is declared itself in no uncertain terms.

almOst unknown. The people of the Lives have been set on fire with newly- city are struck with admiration.' His discovered inspiration. The far-reach- face brimming with a full, genial ing effects of this Christian revival in smile, the Doctor replied: 'That is the intellectual circles will be measured power of my faith. I believe in im- only in the future. Hundreds of mortality, in eternal life; therefore, I young Japanese men and women, once think no more of spending half of this languid followers, now earnest leaders, life in Tokushima than I would of will permeate the country with their pouring out a cup of cold water.' " rediscovery of Christ."

A writer in World CaU emphasizes New Y. W. C. A. Building in Tokyo another aspect of the influence of , SWIMMING pool, a cafeteria and Christianity upon education in Japan, .tl. roof garden will be typical Amer- and says: ican features of the new Y. W. C. A. The educational leaders of Japan are building in Tokyo, the cornerstone of which was laid recently with appropri- showing a remarkable desire for more ate ceremonies. An auditorium, gym- moral teaching in the schools and it is nasium, with club and class rooms, will occupy some of the spacious quar- commonly recognized that only religion ters in the handsome four-story structure. Classes in dressmaking, house- has the basis for this teaching. Educahold sciences and etiquette are so tors are saying on every hand that edupopular that additional space has been planned for their quarters. Japanese cation as such cannot save Japan, and that the teaching of patriotism and rev- erence for country and Emperor does not go to the roots of morality. In the last annual meeting of kindergarten leaders for Japan, the whole program was shaped around moral and religious education.

etiquette is taught in. a ten mat room, while American or foreign etiquette, Miss Michi Kawai as it is called, is also in great demand. T HIS Japanese leader, who was, for The upper floors will be given over to years, General Secretary of the bedrooms for self-supporting young Y. W. C. A. of Japan, spoke four times women and students. Since the earth- during a two days' visit to the town quake of 1923 destroyed its quar- of Ishinomaki. Rev. S. Imai, a Christers, the Y. W. C. A. has been housed tian pastor and writer whose family in barracks, loaned by the Japanese home is in Ishinomaki, made the ar- Government. The Y. W. C. A. mem- rangements for her visit, and in bers and board in Tokyo have pledged the town the town officials, the printo raise 250,000 yen, of which 100,000 cipal of the girls' high school, one of yen is already in hand, $50,000 toward the leading daily newspapers, and thE' the new building was raised by the town Young Men's Association joined Y. W. C. A. in Canada, while $200,000 with the churches in preparations for was early given by the National Board her visit and in financing it. Miss Y. W. C. A. in New York. Martha P. Stacy, missionary of the Christian Church, which has its head Revival in Doshisha quarters in Dayton, Ohio, writes of REV. ALLEN LORIMER, formerly the very large audiences addressed by of the Doshisha University, com- Miss Michi Kawai, and continues: ments on the religious revival in that institution, which was referred to in As for results, we have heard many the September REVIEW, and goes on to favorable comments on the moral say: "The entrance of evangelistic strength of her talks from noneChris- tians; but the tangible result that has pleased us most is the request of a moth-

er who attended Monday night's meeting, week's Bible study. In spite of the and sent her two high school sons to smallness of the staff, the work has Pastor Irokawa with a letter asking that continued to develop until now, inthey be given Christian teaching. stead of one Christian family there are Bibles in Korean Hotels forty churches and groups comprising over 2,600 Christians and a presbytery KOREA is the only Oriental coun- has been organized under the General try in which everyone of the Assembly of the Korean Church. But rooms in foreign hotels is provided the Master of the vineyard would have with a Bible, according to M. L. Swine- reaped a much gre~ter harvest, had hart, Secretary of the Southern Pres- there only been more laborers." byterian Mission at Kwangju. Through the cooperation of the Gideons of the ISLANDS OF THE SEA United States, who provided the Bibles, a campaign has been conducted ReinforcelD.ents for Kusaie T to place a volume in every room in HE Misses Elizabeth and Jane Baldwin, missionaries of the Amerforeign hotels throughout the Far East and progress is being made in ican Board since 1898 in Micronesia, both China and Japan. Speaking of are rejoicing in the appointment of this campaign, Mr. Swinehart says: Rev. and Mrs. George C. Lockwood to "When it is remembered that many Kusaie, their island home. They urge of the hotel managers in the Orient the development of mission schools, for are non-Christian and some of them the present number cannot supply the anti-Christian, the progress already demand for preachers. There are over made becomes very evident. Within thirty outstations now, as against the an hour after the Bibles were place:1 thirteen when the Baldwins were sta- in the rooms of the Chosen Hotel, the tioned at Truk, and islands to the manager told me he had been ap- north and west of the lagoon are call- proached by one of the Japanese ing for those who will teach them the guests, who expressed his surprise at way of life. They wrote in a recent finding the Bible in his room but letter of having had as guests two stated that he had long wanted to see couples who had been trained, one what was in the book, and this would couple in the mission school at Po- give him the opportunity to do so over nape, the other in the school at Truk; the week-end." the first two were bringing their three daughters, to place them in the Kusaie Churches on the Korean Border school; the other two were visiting REV. A. F. ROBB, of the United their son and daughter, who were al- Church of Canada, writes: "Hoir- ready pupils. The father hopes his yung, a garrison town on the Tuman son will be able to carry forward his River, which flows between Korea and work in Truk, so he himself can press Manchuria, has a population of 10,000 onward to the islands still lying in and is the center of our Hoiryung field darkness.

with a population of 250,000. Twentyfour years ago, Dr. Grierson and I Advice to Filipino Students H spent a month exploring the northern ON. TEODORO R. YANGOO, Filipino business man, philanhalf of this province, preaching daily in inns and markets. We found but thropist, statesman and moral leader, one Christian family, evangelized by a recently contributed to the paper pub- visiting relative from our Wonsan lished by the Filipino Students Chris- :field. My next visit was in 1913. A tian Association an article in which he church had been built in Hoiryung said : "You, Filipino students who are and representatives of a few Christian now in the United States, have a splen- groups, organized by evangelists from did opportunity of assimilating the Sungjin, had gathered together for a better qualities of the people. Time

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and again I have been told that the brought into real fellowship with their reason why I have a good idea of the rejected Messiah. Else, why do hun- American people is because I had as- dreds of men and women, who in for- sociated myself during my stay in mer years would throw stones at the America with the good type of men. missionary, now stop for an hour and I believe that this is right…… In my longer to listen to the open-air opinion the Americans who follow preacher? Else, why do these very Christ are the men that have made men, who several years ago would and are making America. Can we never even touch the New Testament, learn the good qualities of these men, now pay money for this selfsame such as tolerance, willingness to serve, book? If it is not actual hunger for progressiveness, and clean living?" spiritual things, why do hundreds of Israel's intellectuals buy Dr. Klaus- NORTH AMERICA ner's book on the life of Jesus and Japanese Delegates at Detroit compare it with the New Testament?"

AMONG the delegates to the recent .tl. Student Volunteer Movement Con- Je~sh VVork for Jews O vention in Detroit, there were presentRTHODOX Jewish leaders are making unprecedented efforts to about forty Japanese students representing colleges and universities in revive interest in the historic faith, various parts of the United States and and call their people back from their Canada. During the days of the Con- wanderings. Early in May the cor- vention, there were four meetings of nerstone was laid in New York of a the Central Executive Board of the new Yeshiva which is to cover a city Japanese Students' Christian Associa- square. Its object will be, through tion, a meeting of all those interested the education of Jewish youth, to pre- in the second generation problem, a serve traditional Judaism for future dinner for Japanese delegates, a din- generations in America. An orthodox ner for American friends and J. S. Jewish community has been com- C. A. members, and a New Year party. menced in Flushing, L. 1., near New The second dinner commemorated the York through the purchase of forty fourth anniversary of the founding of acres of land. The purpose in the de- the J. S. C. A. at the Student Volun- velopment of this community is to teer Convention in Indianapolis. The bring together like-minded orthodox leaders are planning for development Jews who will establish orthodox syna- along many lines during the next quad- gogues and schools and form a com- rennium. munal life uncontaminated by the disintegrating conditions of the neigh- Voices in the Ghetto boring city. At the time of the Feast REV. AARON J. KLIGEMAN, of 'tabernacles three thousand Jewish Presbyterian missionary to Jews agriculturalists met on a farm in Sulin Baltimore, discusses in Our Jewish livan County, New York, to celebrate Neighbors the various voices heard to- the ancient festival-possibly the first day in the ghetto-Orthodoxy, Re- of such gatherings in centuries.-Our formed Judaism, Zionism and Radical- Jewish Neighbors.

ism, and continues: "Christian Science is taking thousands from Israel's fold, Contacts with Eastern Churche.

O and Spiritualism, Catholicism and NE valuable result of the world conferences at Stockholm and even Theosophy have made serious inroads into modern Jewry. But it is Lausanne, in the opinion of the Fed- my conviction that never before has era~ Council Bul~etin, is that they "di- there been such a manifest interest in rected the attention of the Christian the Christian faith among Jews, as churches of the West to the Eastern now, and that we are living in a day Orthodox Churches and to the present when great numbers of Jews can be possibility of cooperating with them

in the world-wide task of the Kingdom Records and Research, which has fur- of God." The Committee on Relations nished data for the year 1927. Sixteen with the Eastern Churches of the Fed- persons were lynched in 1927, as eral Council is interested in stimulat- against 30 in 1926, 17 in 1925, 16 in ing contacts with the Orthodox bodies 1924, and 33 in 1923. Twelve of them in America both for the sake of the were taken from the hands of the law, communicants of the Churches, that six from jails, and six from officers of they may help in the building of a the law outside of jails. Four of them Christian America, and for the sake were burned to death, while two others of the cause of Christian unity the were put to death and then their bodies world over. As a whole, the Protes- burned. There were forty-two in- tant churches have little contact with stances in which officers of the law and knowledge of the 730,000 commu- prevented lynchings, eight of which nicants of the Orthodox Churches in were in Northern and thirty-four in America. Southern states. In the call to prayer Atlanta Churches Defend Negroes sent out by the Commission on Race AN APPEAL to the Atlanta, Ga., Relations of the Federal Council of Board of Education to keep faith with the Negro citizens of the city by Churches this statement was made: giving their schools, as promised, a fair proportiqn of the building fund of Every lynching that occurs is an in- $3,500,000 recently voted, has recent- dictment of Christianity before the ly been made by the Atlanta Christian world. American lynchings, according to the .testimony of missionaries abroad, are doing much to hinder and discredit mis- sion work around the world.

Council, an interdenominational body Indian Progress and Needs representing sixty of the principal REV. HOWARD B. GROSE, in dechurches of the city. Pointing out that scribing the work carried on by Negroes compose approximately one the American Baptist Home Missionthird of Atlanta's population, and that ary Society among the Indians of the in the recent bond election the colored United States, gives these facts about voters, holding the balance of power, the Indian situation as a whole: "While threw their support to the bond issue the different denominations have enon the solemn assurance that $700,000 gaged in work among the Indians, of the proceeds would be applied to cer- there are still about 50,000 as yet not tain urgent needs of their schools, the visited by missionaries, and 100,000 Christian Council entered a protest more visited by non-Protestant misagainst the reported plans of the board sionaries only…… The American Into expend on Negro schools less than dians are not a dying race. They two fifths of the sum promised, which numbered 303,950 in 1910, and in the it insists would be not only wholly- in- census of 1920 336,337. Over one adequate to the need, but also' a de- third of the total number, or 119,000, plorable breach of faith and denial of live in Oklahoma. Another 100,000 justice. The Council points out that are located in the mountain and Pacific of 21,555 Negro children of school age region. The Indians are becoming in the city, more than 9,000 are at- civilized with increasing rapidity. tending schools where two and three Five tribes in Oklahoma are known sessions a day are held because of in- as the civilized tribes. Home misadequate housing facilities.-Chris- sionary work has had much to do with tian Century. this, but much remains to be done.

Lynchings Hinder Missions Only about 75,000 can read and write; 69,943 Indian children are in school F OR several years past the facts con- and 20,746 not in school. An Act of cerning lynchings in the United Congress in 1924 admitted Indians to States have been compiled by Tuske- citizenship, and about 50,000 already gee Institute in the Department of voters."

WOlUH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

"Our Jewish Neighbors." John Stuart ceiving a truer conception of the rela- Conning, D.D. 154 pp. $1.25. New tion between Judaism and Christianity York. 1927. or without gaining a deeper interest in the effort to bring into more ami- Here in small compass is a great cable relations the followers of these deal of information on the subject of two closely allied religions." This the evangelization .of the Jews. Dr. theme is vital and a tremendous men- Conning, superintendent of Jewish tal stimulus. The practical point is to Evangelization, Board of National live our Christianity in love and jus- Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. tice among our Jewish neighbors. A. and Chairman of Committee on Hebrews, Interdenominational Home F. L. Mission Council, was selected as American Chairman of the Committee of Unclean! Unclean! or Glimpses of the Arrangements for the World Jewish Land Where Leprosy Thrives. Lee S. Conferences at Budapest and Warsaw. Huizenga. 172 pp. Grand Rapids, He has had years of successful experi- 1927. ence in Christian work for Jews and his book is complete, clear and yet Only a small part of the book, apcompact, accurate and authoritative. proximately 40 out of the 170 pages, Its aim is to "present Jews and the refers to leprosy. The larger part of Jewish situation in such a way as to the book is devoted to sketches of Chihelp Christians to a better and more nese customs and character. He ensympathetic understanding of their deavors, with considerable success, to Jewish neighbors." He traces their reconcile Biblical with present-day history "down the aisles of time," leprosy. Then comes a good descriptheir status as modern citizens, the tion of leprosy intended for the laydisintegration of traditional Judaism, man. After this he remarks how little and the search for spiritual satisfac- is done to check the spread of the distion. He discusses the estrangement ease and shows himself a strong advobetween Jews and Christians and the cate of segregation in colonies. The terrible persecutions to which Jews usual optimism of the day is reflected have been subjected. That is one of when he discusses curability and rethe blackest blots on human history, fers to the better outlook today than at any time in the past.

and the biggest hindrance to winning Missionary Methods: st. Pauls or Ours! them by presenting the Gospel now. Roland Allen. xxii-236 pp. 38, 6p. Dr. Conning shows how Christ is the World Dominion Press, London. 1927.

fulfillment of Moses and the hope of Is there an "Apostolic Succession" Israel; how in recent years Jesus has of policy that is vital to success in the been more "unveiled" to them, and mission field? We must admit that what is the present Christian approach the evangelization of the world is not to the Jews. As Dr. Charles R. Erd- now proceeding as rapidly as we could man says in the Introduction, "No one wish; not nearly as rapidly, we infer can read this discussion without re- from the book of Acts, as took place in 253

the initial effort. Is this because the tive colors with China, Japan, India, Apostle Paul used methods other than Moslem lands and Latin America- ours? The author thinks so, and this read this excellent series of short book attempts to summarize them, and interpretations. They strengthen in- to tell us how they differ from the terest and produce understanding as present-day missionary effort of the eight or ten nationals of each land Church. allow us to look through their eyes at There are certain disquieting symp- the problems and progress of the toms of modern Christianity in mis- Christian Movement.

sion lands: such as, its failure to The writers are outstanding men become completely indigenous; its and women; many of them outstandfailure to develop into an organization ing Christians. What could be more independent of outside support; and illuminating, for example, than to the repetition everywhere of certain think on "Africa's Challenge to stereotyped forms of worship and Youth," under the leadership of Max practice. These are all attributed to Yergan, a Negro educated in America our failure to follow the methods of and now in South Africa; or to see St. Paul. the "Changing Life and Thought" of The writer says that the methods of Latin America with Othoniel Motta; St. Paul were extremely simple. He or to hear Japan speak for herself goes where the Spirit leads, stays a through Toyohiko Kagawa, the Chrisshort time and moves on making no tian Labor leader and evangelist; or attempt to organize the converts gath- to allow China to interpret herself ered. He avoids leaving behind paid with the help of Dr. C. Y. Cheng and workers or subordinates. The infant T. Z. Koo; or to come near to India's church is entirely local, depending only heart and life under the guidance of upon the guidance of the Spirit. Dr. K. T. Paul and A. T. Dass; or to There is little difficulty in showing listen to the voices of Moslem lands that our mission fields today present as uttered by Prof. Levonian, now of a wide divergence from the practice Greece, Kamil Effendi Mansour, of outlined above, with the modern med- Egypt and others. ical and educational work, and the These and other men are the preparation for seed sowing. The ar- prophets who speak for their people gument amounts to asserting that if on matters that affect religious, inthe missionary were only content to tellectual and social life and the proglay simple and strong foundations and ress of Christianity. The following leave the building itself to the Spirit- are gleams of the light thrown on the directed convert, we would see the subjects by these Christians who mighty result that followed St. Paul's speak for their own lands with "inmissionary journeys. side information." The book was first printed in 1912, and the fact that this is the second re- Max Yergan, of South Africa: Out of a new Africa, we of the print shows that it has been found on Church of that land speak to you of the many a missionary shelf. It should Church in the West. To be sure much certainly be read by every outgoing of the old life still exists. Witchcraft worker. The value of this edition if is still a force with us; ignorance and superstition hold high their ugly heads. enhanced by a copious table of con- Millions yet have to get a glimpse of the face of a God of Love and to be tents and a full index. J. c.

assured that in Jesus Christ have been Christian Voices Around the World. Six manifested the promises a loving Father volumes edited by Milton T. Stauffer. has for them. And the winds which 12 mo. About 184 pp. each. $1.25, carry our message across the seas to you cloth and 75c. paper. Per set, $4 and to whom so much has been given, cannot $6. New York. 1927. bear down upon you too swiftly with our urgent request that you share with US If you would "think black" with the light and love and life of Jesus Africa, and in other appropriate na- Christ.

1928J BOOKS WORTH READING

But it is the New Africa which ren- Toyohiko Kagawa, of Japan: ders our situation so acute. You of the West are part of your present; it has Up until ten years ago Christiani~y grown out of your past, and you have was viewed as a dangerous mtruder In developed or are developing a means of Japan. The many young students who controlling more or less the systems of embraced the new faith did so in the face life you have built up. But we in Africa of persecution and opposition. Today are in a situation of which we are not Japan as a nation is confronted with so fully a part. Your ideas, your other and more dangerous foes in the methods, your beliefs and desires have form of anarchism and Bolshevism. The steadily engulfed us. We find ourselves result is that practically no Japanese, compelled to drive a fiery steed or at least with the exception of the most devoted be in the road where he is driven. We advocates of the traditional religions and did not have the steed as a colt; he has the dwellers in remote rural sections, come upon us in the strength and feel strongly opposed to Christianity. strangeness of his maturity. In order Roughly, I should say that from eighty that we may not be thrown off or to ninety per cent of the people no longer trampled under the feet of this steed disapprove. On the contrary, seeing the which has been set loose among us, we influence of Christianity upon personal call upon you to join hands with us in character, many now welcome it. a common effort to understand and direct the forces he .represents in western T. Z. Koo, of China: civilization. And first, Christianity in China is be- Othoniel Motta, of Brazil: ing attacked because of the foreign na- ture of her organization, administration, Manifestly not all the movements in- personnel, and support. The Christian fluencing the life and thought of Latin- Church is denounced as the agent of American peoples are equally advanced foreign exploitation in China. In this or even present over the twenty repub- denunciation one hears distinctly the lics. Nor can it be said that all of the voice of the nationalist. The attack is directed not so much against Chrismovements here mentioned affect the tianity as a religion as against Christhinking of the total popUlation of any tianity as a foreign influence. Second, one country. They are playing an im- the church is attacked as an instrument portant role in the life of certain groups of capitalism, created by the capitalist which in their turn must sooner or later class for the sole purpose of drugging exercise an influence upon the total life the mind and lulling the spirit of the of the nation. A list of the more notable submerged classes in society. Here the communistic voice is speaking. Third, movements would include the following: the Church is attacked as an outworn Anticlericalism, or the religious phase of institution, a relic of superstition and an a general revolt against absolute au- opponent of human progress. The thorityof any sort; a marked movement atheist and the agnostic are heard in toward genuine democracy and the over- this line of criticism. Fourth, the throw of absolutism inl}olitics, or what Church is attacked because she does not might be regarded as the political phase practice what she preaches. This is the of the revolt against absolute authority; criticism of the man on the street. a distinct unrest, particularly among the student groups, which is almost equiv- K. T. Paul, of India: alent to a youth movement; a strong What has Christianity done for India? movement on the part of labor, cusriously In fairness to Christianity it is neceslinked up in some countries with the sary to confine the answer to what has student movement; a widespread and been done definitely and necessarily in vigorous feminist movement; in the in- the name of Christ and Christianity. ternational realm, the movement com- There is often loose thinking in this monly called Pan-Latinism; in the matter. A Christian nation is alleged to sphere of morals, such movements are have done this or that; and tacitly the the temperance or, as it is more fre- impression is left that the nation which quently called, the anti-alcoholic move- did it did it because it was a Christian ment, and those movements directed nation. As a matter of fact there is no such thing as a Christian nation; there against the social evil and the conse- never has been, in the sense that every quences of sexual vices; in the sphere member of the nation or every thing of the intellectual, the increasingly gen- that it does as a nation conforms to the eral tendency to rely upon scientific principles of Christ. All that happens method as the means not only for secur- when a nation as a whole accepts Chrising the necessities and comforts of life tianity is that it lays itself open freely through applied science, but for the dis- to the influences issuing from Christ; covery of truth itself. These can only in reacting to such influences a nation, be summarily touched upon in this brief chapter.

like an individual, fails more often than Belgian peasants, Dutch cheese man· ufacturers, Doggerbank fishermen, not to pay the price for full success. The Cockney taxi drivers, and Norwegian price demanded by Christ is heavy and deck hands." Fortunately for our cuts at the very vitals of selfishness and self-interest. Nations, as individuals, come short of Christian principles just Chinese friends, however, there is no there-where they deal with others, and their interests conflict. need to dread such a dire disaster, for "blondstock," "Nordic Europe"

Kamil Effendi Mansour of Egypt: will "long before have beaten out their Finally, there is the consideration of remnant energies on each other in axe religious life itself. It is impossible to and alehouse frenzy." Nor will "the advance in education and in social life victory be to the dyspeptic, concenwhile religious attitudes remain static trated-food-dieted, flat-smothered cliff- dwellers of apartmented America." and the religious life stagnant. The number of people going to Christian religious meetings this year is far Having thus raged away breath- lessly against western merchants, mingreater than in former years. Every isters and missionaries for three- Sunday morning you will find evangel.

ical churches, whether in town or coun· try districts, crowded with Moslem fourths of his space, the author seems to sober down and strangely discovers attendants. These multitudes who come that "Wherever western political, so- cial and industrial philosophy have ask many questions about Christian mo· rality, whereas they used to ask abstract metaphysical questions about the way in which a .man can conceive of the gone, they have raised the standard divinity of Jesus, His incarnation and of living, raised the sum of human His death-beliefs which their religion happiness and comfort and trans- formed luxuries into necessities," also denies.

What's R.ight With China. O. D. Ras· that "Christian workers have done in- mussen. 249 pp. $3.50. Shanghai. finitely more good than harm, even 1927. where their teachings have roused the "What's Wrong With China," ap- accustomed faiths to renewed enerpeared in 1926. "What's Right With gies."

China" is intended as a "fearless refu- The author's best contribution is tation." The first argued strenuously: on conditions in his own city, and his China's ways are not western ways, analysis of Shanghai social snobbery therefore China is almost always as one of the chief causes of race an- wrong! This second retorts. rapidly: tagonism shows some real insight.

The West somewhere, sometime has JAMES L. STEWART. been just as bad, therefore China is almost invariably right! The first is Is the Antichrist at Hand! What of Mus- largely treaty-port, self-centered cant. soUni! Oswald J. Smith. 128 llP. The latter is chiefly amateur, brain- Christian Alliance Publishing Co., storm rant. The author, who, the New York. book informs us, is "a refractionist" in Shanghai, is out against all "win- In the development of this theme dow-smashing, misanthropic morons" the "Signs of the Times" Itre given a who criticise China, and quite evi- large place and are clearly related to dently especially after his antagonist Scripture statements. The book will author who at times we read "revels make the reader think, for it will in an orgy of circumgyratory meta- open lines of study that may be new physics and epistemological mumble- to the reader but are as old as the Scripture itself.

jumble." The book is now in its seventh edi- Western domination of China, to tion and has already led inquiring this writer, would be a "despotism minds into areas of investigation of blond butter-makers of Den· which reveal the Bible's vital bearing mark, Swedish match-factory hands, 011 the life and events of today.

sweat-stunted Lancashire millworkers, H. N. D.

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1927

A FAMILY IN WESTERN MEXICO – FRIENDLY AND LAW

Pure Linens Pure quality in Linens is the corner~stone upon which McCutcheon's has built its reputation as "The Treasure House of Fine Linens in America." And every woman who appreciates beauty of design in Linens knows that she will find here merchandise to meet her taste. Exquisite patterns in Table Damasks, the latest novelties in Fancy Linens, handsome Towels as well as simple or elaborately embroidered Sheets and Pillow Cases await her selection.

Me Cutcheon's ('I'f) FIFTH AWNUE FORTy.NlNTHST.

Dept. No. 20 …,,~~ New York HARTFORD' Big SEMINARY FOUNDATION Dividends Theological Seminary School of Religious Education can be secured during your life- Kennedy School of Missions time and you can help spread the Gospel at the same time. W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, President Investigate A UNIVERSITY <>f religion. Three separate schools of Christian training grouped on one Annuity Agreements campus. The Theological Seminary trains tor the ministry j the School Qf Missions for the Addr… , foreign field; the School of Religious Education tor the lay worker and teacher and for social W. J. Elliott, Treasurer, Board of Home Mi,. service. Courses In any ot the three schools sions and Church Extension 0/ the Methodist EpilCoare open to all students. Thus opportunity is pal Church. 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia. Pa.• or ot'tered {or full-rounded religious edu.cation. Morri. W. Ebne., Treasurer. Board 0/ Foreign Hartford Seminary Foundation Is located In Misoion. of the Methodist EpilCopaJ Oiurch. 150 the center of the intellectual and cultural life Filth Avenue. New York, N. Y. of New England, half way between Boston and New York.

A series of handsome and 'Well-appointed buildings makes its campus one of the most beautiful in its section oi the country. The Case Memorial Library containing 125,000 vQlumes is tor the use of the three schools. This is one of the riohest theological libraries in the country. The faculty is composed of twenty-eight scholarly men and wo·mE3n who have attained distinction in their respective fields.

HARTFORD SEMINARY FOUNDATION Hartford, Cnnneetieu.t Please mention THEl' MrS8IONABY REVIEW OF THE WOBLD In writing to adv;rtisers~ THE MISSIONAR Y Review 0 f the WorId DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Edilor CONTENTS FOR MARCH, 1927 P'1ge :PRONTISPIEOE.-A FAMILY I" WESTERK :IE""lCO-FRIENDLY AKD LAW ABlDl"G EDITORIALS •.•.•…………………•…………………………….. l!i5 ASIA's GREAT NEED AND THE NEED OF ALL ME>I LoOKING AROUND A.."1D LOOKING Up CHINA IN BOXER 'l'IMES AND TODAY A WORLD .OONFERENCE ON JEWISH VORK FRESH IMPRESSIONS OF JAPAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ROBERT E. SPEER 173 A report of some interviews, observations and conclusions on the fcccnt visit and conferences with missionary workers.

MEXICO FROM WITHIN …………………•……..•. NORMAN W. TAYLOR 181 Ji'ir.,t·hand view of the political and reiigiou., .'ill/ation in Mexico, Munter- balanci'1J,g some false reports.

MEXICO BEFORE A];l) AFTER THE REVOLUTIO;f . . . . . . . . W,LL,AM WALLACE 186 An interesting account of the infiuenc·e of the political di.,turbance on Christian missioMry work in the Republic, by a missionary of long experi.ence.

IN MEXICO, FAR FROM THE BEATEN TRAOKS ……….. ETHEL R. DOOTOR 193 Light on Mexican people of the interior who have been helped by contact with eva'1J,gelical Christian workm·s.

CAN YOU BEAT THE DUTOH~ …………………….. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER 195 A remarkable record of some things that have been accomplished by Dutch "hurches i'1J, the Middle-West – a stimulating example for all A meritan Chris- tians.

NO HOPE FOR AMERICA, EXCEPT- …………………. JOHN McDOWELL 197 The report of an addre8s at the Home Mission., Conference ;,n Philadelphia showing the only way in which America can build up a strong, national life.

THE HUMAN FACTOR IN OOAL MINING ……………….. FRED H. RINDGE 199 The story of what has been a"complwhed in 80me mining communities by ..ocial service workers of the Y. M. C. A.

A STORY OF CHANGES IN NEW GUINEA……. .RUSSELL W. ABEL 203 An account of rmnarkable transformations that !wve taken place in one ge'!,era- tion among former cannibals and ignorant sat'ages of the South Seas.

AN UNKNOWN CHINESE CHRISTIAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ROBERT GILLIES 214 THE OLD, OLD STORY IN TURKEY …. …………… …… 215 "WHAT CHRIST MEANS TO ME" ………………… By KOREAN STUDENTS 216 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION" BULLETIN …… EDITF"!) BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 218 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN …. EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN 221 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ….. . 224 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubB of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1927, by M,SSIONARY REVIEW PUBf.ISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

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Robert E. Speer. President Wm. 1. Chamberlain. Vice-President Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary Walter McDougall, Treasurer Publication Office, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Editorial and Business Office, 156 Fiftb Avenue, Pa. 25c .. copy. $2.50 .. year. New York City Entered as second-class matter at tbe Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. THE MlSSIONARY REVIEW Do You Know? ANNUAL MEETING In what book of the Bible the rrhe annual meertjng of the Company was Sermon on the Mount appear.? beld at 156 }'lfth ArcHue, New York, Thurs· day afternoon, February 10th, at 3 0 'cloek. Who com-…ded the Sun aad Moon to stand atill? The treasurer's report showed net assets amounting to $38,701. The expenses for Whowaa the firat Kingof brael? 1926 amount to $31,743.89. These expenses were met by income from adverbsing, sub· FREE-Sendfor this scripHons, sales and. by donations to the 5-minute Bible Test Maintenance and Promotion Fund. The last item amounted to $8,600 and was contributed Find out if your Bible by Mission Boards and friends of the RE· knowledge is what it VIEW. These contributions p:tade it possible ought to be. A complete to put the magazine into the hands of over grasp of the Testaments 500 ministers in small churches in America comesonly from directed and to send it to missionaries in 500 fron· tier stations on foreign fields. study. The 34.000 stu- The Secretary called attention to many dents who have taken interesting facts connected with the history Moody Bible Institute of the R,EVIElW and it was voted that a Jubilee Number be printed, reviewing the Home Study Courses are because or the m. progress of missicms at home and abroa(l dnring the past fifty years. happier, better men and women Ten courses-non..sectarian-one suited to the The President's address called attention ~~:db~rist~~!~~,~t,!n~:p~ise~e=t h~'!: to the present critical situaHon in many much Biblical knowledge helps you in simple, mission lands, and to the need for a thor· everyday affairs. Send fOT Ollr free 5-minute ough knowledge of these condiHons and of the progress of Christian missions, such as ~~~:u!~~·p.SeMa~t ~~d~:~r knowledge is given through the R'EVIEW. MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE The following were ejected members of the Board of Directors for the year 1927: CORRESPONDENCE~CHOOL Dept. 4e8t 153 IDotit"te Pl.,,';; (:hlcago. HI.

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Harlan P. Beaeb Walter McDougall ; ~::~e~.~~~.~:.:::::.::::::.:::::.::::::::::::::::::::…. II Name …………………………………………………………..

Samuel MeDrea Cavert }~ric North William 1. Chamberlain Delavan L, Pierson t…:=..:-:;::.:::::~~.::~.~.::.~.~J Frederick L. Colver }'Ieming H. R<"t'll ~{rs. E. O. Cronk Robert E. Speer Charles L. Wllite Respectfully submitted, OBITUARY DELAVAN L. PIERSON, PROFESSOR Wn.LIAM H. HALL, for twer>ty Secretary. four years head of the preparatory school of the American University of Beirut, died in * .. * Beirut early in January, aged fifty·five.

PERSONALS DR. MARY HANNAH FuLTON, Presbyterian medical mi,ssionary in China from 1884, REV. JAMES ,CANTlNE, D.D" of the United until her resignation on ar.count of impaired Mission in Mesopotamia, founder of two health in 1918, died January 7th at Los missions to Moslems, has been given by his Angeles, ,California. Until only a few years Board the status, of I' Missionary Emeritus, ' , ago, it could be said that aU the Chinese since the health of Mrs. Cantine makes it women physicians in South China were improbable that they will be able to re- trained by either her or her students. turn to Iraq at present. Dr. Cantina also has been e,jeeted secretary of the American .* * Christian Literature Society for Moslems. ELEANOR·S. ADAAiS (Mrs. Joseph S.), a * * * ., beloved missionary wife and mother of the American Baptist Mission, entered into her BISHOP GILMAN, of the Protestant Episco· heavenly rest in Kuling, China, in October. pal Church in Hanko"" China, on his recent She was seventy years of age and had been departure for America was presented with for fifty years a missionary in China. a silver shield be<aring an inscription, whidt expressed the grabtude of "the WllChang Chamber of Commerce and representatives of thirty myriads of snffering people" for the help he had given during the siege of W,uchang.

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VOL. MARCH, 1927 NUMBER L THREE ASIA'S GREAT NEED-AND THE NEED OF ALL MEN I F EVER a country needed all that Christ can do for nations and their people that country is China today_ There is no accepted united government. Hundreds of thousands of men are in armies employed by ambitious military leaders for their own aggrandizement, and supported by money extorted from the people or diverted from the railroads which are falling into ruin. The best schools of the Government are closed for want of support and their teachers and students are scattered. There are strong and worthy national impulses, but they have not yet found any adequate expression or leadership. The old order is broken down and no new order has taken its place. Yet the fields and rivers of China are there and the Chinese people are there, and no matter what happens to government or to ancient institutions and ideas, China and the Chinese will remain. They need help more than words can tell. While there are many misunderstandings in China and about China and while there have been and may be again anti-foreign outbreaks, either with or without justification, the worst of all misunderstandings would be the idea that China does not need Christianity and is not ready to accept it wherever and whenever it is preached in truth and love.

The need and opportunity are as real, in their own measure, in .Japan and Korea. Dr. William E. Griffis, who at the age of eighty- 1wo recently returned to visit Japan after an absence of more than fifty years, says that one of his first sights in Japan in the early days was a long line of men and women and children, dressed in red (the criminal color) being led off to prison, for the crime of being Christians. There is no such crime in Japan today. Christianity is one of the most clearly recognized and deeply respected forces in the Empire. Multitudes who have not yet embraced it openly and individually, nevertheless see in it the only hope of the country.

From our recent visit to Eastern Asia, we have seen more clear- 165

ly than ever that the mightiest forces are the simplest. There is nothing that we can do to refashion the nations and the world that will be of as great avail as the winning of individuals one by one to Christ and gathering them together into Christian churches which will support and propagate themselves. The world may smile at this idea now as it did in Saint Paul's time, but we know that the power of God for saving men is today just what it was then and that the Gospel, which is the "Good News" of that power; is unchanged. Christian missiOllS rest on this basis. They cannot endure or prevail on any other.

There ought not to be any standing still or going back in our missionary work now. All that is needed and that can be wisely and efficiently used ought to be provided. The lack of adequate support for this great enterprise causes us to view the situat.ion with deep concern. A whole-hearted response on the part of the entire Church must be made if the needed funds are to be supplied. Will you help?

R. E. S.

LOOKING AROUND AND LOOKING UP A STUDY of world conditions brings a feeling of uncertainty, if not of discouragement. Whichever way we look-to China, India, Moslem lands, Russia, European nations, Americawe see unrest, conflict, suspicion, worldliness and crime-sins against. God and man. This is not all we see, for there is good as well as evil, but when we look up and see God, when we remember what He has done and what He has promised, then, only, have we ground for confidence in the future because of what He can and will do.

We need to study earthly conditions, human needs and resources at our disposal, but there is more reason to study God and His program and resources. Mankind, as a whole, and even members of the Church of Christ, show a lack of understanding of God and sympathy with Him. We need to pray that all His children may be brought into full harmony with His will.

This need is finding expression. Christian women of many lands observed February 19th as a world-wide day of prayer; the Federal Council of Churches of Christ has recently issued a general can to prayer on world issues, especially in regard to the relations of America with China, Mexico, Nicaragua and Europe. A large part of one session at the Foreign Missions Conference in January was devoted to specific prayer for a spiritual revival. While we pray for China and Mexico and Russia, we must pray for ourselves-that, as Christians, we may be more Christ-like; that the Church may realize more clearly the need of all men for Christ; that Christians may be ready to sacrifice more that others may know Christ; that followers of Christ may be one as the Son and His Father are one; that there may be no compromise with evil j that every hindrance

J EDI'l'ORIAL COMMEN'fS

to Christ's full possession of us may be removed. Surely there is need of more loyalty to God; there is need of clearer vision, and more definite purpose; there is need for purification from sordid selfishness and for an inflow and an outflow of spiritual power.

Many see in the present world-wide confusion and turmoil signs that the days of tribulation are at hand for the Church. If so, they will be days of purification, not of destruction. The life that is from God cannot die. The churches and missions in China may suffer, but opposition and persecution will not destroy those that have Life. Who can estimate what might happen if Christians all over the world would unite in earnest prayer for a clearer understanding of God and His plans 7 It is a time to undergird all the work and the workers with prayer individually and collectively. Family and personal prayer need to be reestablished and made more vital in our homes.

Have church members today forgotten how to pray7 In how many midweek services are the petitions definite, expectant and united 7 What a revival might come if Christian church members ('ould truly agree in public worship and in group prayer touching things relating to the progress of God's Kingdom-and if each would do his or her part in seeking to establish that Kingdom!

In Board meetings and in conventions is enough time devoted to definite, earnest, intelligent, believing prayed Many costly mis- takes might be avoided in policies adopted, in workers selected and in money expended if these activities were more prayer-filled. New wisdom and power from Above might make effective our organized enterprises if we were more truly full partners with God and if He directed them all.

The history of the Church has been full of noteworthy specific answers to prayer-in the call of workers, the supply of funds, the breaking down of barriers, the opening of doors, the empowering of the messengers, the awakening of men to a sense of sin, the purification of the Church, and the quickening of men and women to true spiritual life and to effective sacrificial service.

The need for prayer today is greater than the need for armies and navies; the need for whole-hearted surrender to God's will is far greater than the need for more money for church enterprises; a fuller understanding of God's ideals and methods is infinitely more important than a comprehension of human theories of "complex" and new experiments in secular education. Do we really take God into accounH Are we willing, first of all, to bring ourselves into perfect harmony with Him and His program? While there is need to be informed as to the conditions around us, there is greater need to "look up" that we may see things from the Father's viewpoint. This comes through prayer and the study of His Word.

CHINA IN BOXER TIMES AND TODAY rrWENTY-SEVEN years ago there to~k place the Boxer up- rising against Christianity and all foreigners in China. Its mo- tive and plan were radically different from the motive and pro- gram of the present disturbance. Then, the authority of one Manchu dynasty was recognized over the whole "Middle 'Kingdom"; today, three or four contending factions have divided the Republic of China into separate armed camps. In 1900, ignorance and superstition caused the Chinese to determine to rid themselves of "foreign devils" and their religion; today, national pride and ambition are appealed to by students trained in modern schools and by military leaders drilled by modern methods, to make China an independent nation, free from foreign domination and "imperialistic" interference.

The change that has taken place in this quarter of a century is shown clearly by comparing one of the utterances of the Cantonese Foreign Minister, Eugene Chen, or of Marshal Chang Tso-lin, war lord of the North, with the following edict issued in 1900 and posted in many parts of China at the command of the government: A "SACRED EDICT"

Issued by the Lord of Wealth and Happiness The Catholic and Protestant religions, being insolent to the gods and extinguishing sanctity, rending no obedience to Buddhism and enraging both heaven and earth, the rain clouds no longer visit us; but 8,000,000 spirit soldiers will descend from heaven and sweep the empire clean of all foreigners. Then will the gentle showers once more water our lands i and when the tread of soldiers and the clash of steel are heard, heralding wars to all our people, then the Buddhists' patriotic League of Boxers will be able to protect the empire and bring peace to all its people.

Hasten then to spread this doctrine far and wide; for if you gain one adherent to the faith, your own person will be absolved from all future misfortunes. If you gain five adherents to the faith, your whole family will be absolved from all evils; and if you gain ten adherents to the faith, your whole village will be absolved from .all calamities. Those who gain no adherents to the cause shall be decapitated;. for until all foreigners have been exterminated, the rain can never visit us. Those who have been so unfortunate as to have drunk water from the wells poisoned by foreigners should at once make use of the following divine prescription, the ingredients of which are to be decocted and swallowed and then the poisoned patient will recover.

Dried black plums ………..•……………………… half an ounce. Salanum dulcamara ……………………………….. half an ounce. Licorice root …………………………………….. half an ounce.

It is estimated that over 200,000 copies of these edicts were distributed in Tientsin in June, 1900. Only the prompt arrival of the European troops prevented a massacre of foreigners.

Other Boxer proclamations issued by district magistrates in Shantung Province, were posted at all the public markets, towns, and villages. The following is a· sample:

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

The village elders, policemen, and others in every town and village are hereby informed that in accordance with the Governor's instruction the rise of the Boxers is solely in consequence of emnity to the Christians. Consequently in every place Christians are being killed and Christian churches burned.

Foreigners living in the interior are unable to protect themselves and are in confusion escaping to distant places. All the Christians are my children; if they will change, they will still remain subjects of the Pure Kingdom. Every Christian may secure protection for himself and his family by disowning the Christian religion. Each one should voluntarily fly to the magistrate and give bonds never again to have anything to do with the Christian Church.

All who refuse to give the necessary security within three days will bring upon themselves the risk of calamity and loss of life. Christian chapels, houses, and furniture will be confiscated unless robbed and burned by the Boxers.

Let all earnestly heed this special proclamation.

The man employed to cut the wooden type for the above proclamation was a relative of some of the Ohristians and secretly gave them notice so t?at all who could escape might do so.

Today the armies in Ohina are not depending on inca.ntations and immunity from foreign bullets to give them victory, but are using Vestern guns, airplanes and modern military tactics. The leaders in Ohina are seeking, through diplomacy and new treaties, to establish peace with foreigners. No unarmed foreigner has been deliberately killed during this disturbance. The Ohinese wish to maintain friendly relations with other nations and will welcome Ohristian teachers and churches when convinced that they are not imperialistic and anti-Ohinese.

The progress of Ohristianity has always been marked by saerifice. In all ages since the Christian Era began there have been those who have misunderstood Jesus Christ and His mission of love; others have been jealous of His growing power. His messengers may suffer and die, as their Lord Himself suffered and died, but the" gates of hell" themselves cannot prevail against His Church. Nothing can withstand the progress of the Heavenly Father's Kingdom of Righteousness and Truth and Love. The Living Seed has been sown in Ohina and will live and grow there, as it lived and grew in the Roman Empire in spite of politieal and religious persecution. More Chinese came into the Ohristian Church in the deeade following the Boxer uprising than had come in during the preceding century. The physical equipment of missions in China may be destroyed or confiscated (though we do not believe it will be so to any large extent), but spiritual life in Christ cannot be destroyed. That will abide and will find yet larger expression in China.

Great armies are fighting a civil warfare and at the same time all factions are seeking to 'throw off foreign control. As a result, forces have been let IOQse that are uncontrolled-unpaid soldiers,

loot-seeking bandits and unthinking mobs. Some missions have necessarily been closed on account of local conditions and some missionaries have left their inland stations, on the advice of foreign consuls, and have gone to treaty ports. They have left their posts, not from fear for their own safety, or deserting their work in time of danger, hut in the interest of peace. Foreigners in isolated stations are natmally objects of enmity to Chinese mobs and are causes of international complications in times of warfare.

There is, however, no good ground for the reports of alarmists that "a hundred million dollars worth of American mission property will be destroyed or confiscated," that Christian missions, generally, "'ill be closed and that the progress of Christianity is doomed in China. 'Vhen other nations have been turned upside down in the past, Christian work has been hindered temporarily, but human opposition and turmoil has never been able to stop the onward progress of the cause of Christ. Not one tenth of the missionaries have thus far left their stations and most of those who have left are women and children who are not able to endure the hardships of warfare. Of the thirty-six Presbyterian missions, only one has been closed and that, in South Hunan, temporarily. No property has been reported wrecked or confiscated in their thirty-six stations and over one thousand outstations. Most of the schools, colleges and hospitals of all the missions are still open. Missionaries generally urge their governments to negotiate new treaties, and to adopt a policy of conciliation toward China-a policy actuated not by fear but by justice, confidence, and friendliness. A cable dispatch from the China Christian Council in Shanghai says "The future offers enlarged opportunity for Christian service in China."

It has been stated that many Chinese Christians are reverting to Buddhism or atheism. Th'ere is no evidence or fear of this. Some students of mission schools may be influenced by communistic propaganda to attack foreign institutions and to make unreasonable demands, but the great bulk of Chinese Christians may be counted on to stand true to their faith, in the face of temptation and danger, as they stood true in the days of the Boxer uprising.

WORLD CONFEREINCE ON JEWISH WORK W HEN the World Missionary Conference was held in" Edin- burgh in 1910, work for the Jews was not given any definite place on the program. As the conference progressed the necessity of giving special consideration to this vitally important field of missionary enterprise was recognized, and it was decided to call a special conference on Jewish work when it could be most advantageously arranged. Then the war broke out and all plans were postponed indefinitely. In the meantime great changes have been taking place in Jewish life, and the need and urgency of a common

EDl'fORIAL COMMENTS

policy and program for the evangelical churches of Christendom in their approach to the Jews have found frequent expression.

In response tv this general desire the International Missionary Council has arranged for two conferences to be held in Eastern Europe in .April. The first conference will be held in Budapest .April 7-13, and the second conference in Warsaw .April 19-25. .At these conferences a fresh study will be made of the Jewish situation throughout the world at the present time, the responsibilities of the Christian Church in the work of Jewish evangelization, and the most effective means of Christian approach.

These conferences should be held in Eastern Europe because that has been the center of Jewish gravity for centuries. Nine of the fifteen millions of Jews in the world live in these lands. It is there that the Jews are most Jewish and Judaism is seen in its most orthodox form. From there many of the Jews in other parts of Europe and of the world have emigrated. Three million of the four million Jews in .America have the Eastern Europe background. It is there tha:t the .Jew can be studied as he really is, and it is there that the problems which the Christian Church must face in its service for the Jews can be most definitely considered.

There are special reasons why Christian leaders feel that the present is a most opportune time for a consideration of work for the Jews. In almost every civilrzed land there have been manifestations of antisemitism. The Jews have been singled out as an undesirable element in the life of the nations. While the old days of repression, persecution, and denial of civil and political rights have passed, they are yet being subjected to much suspicion, ill will and discrimination. Even in America there has been a very definite antisemitic propaganda. This is one of the few lands of the earth where Jews felt reasonably sure of the continued enjoyment of liberty and justice. They are now ill at ease and less sure of their position. It is surely time for all Christian Churches to rebuke intolerance, and instruct their members to interpret to Jews the Christian spirit in terms of sympathy and kindness.

Then there is today a widespread revolt of the Jewish people against traditional Judaism. The old Talmudical religion is no longer taken seriously by the Jewish masses. They are neglecting the synagogue and are looking elsewhere–in Socialism or in some modern cult-for satisfaction. Many are investigating Christianity. They are reading the New Testament, visiting Christian churches, and listening to Christian messages over the radio. One of the most remarkable changes in the attitude of Jews is the place being given to Jesus. There is a general disposition to claim Him as a great prophet of their race. The publication in Hebrew of "Jesus of Naz- Hl'eth" by Dr. Joseph Klausner, a Jewish scholar in .Jerusalem, has carried the name of Jesus into every ghetto of the world. The Jew-

ish people seem to be on the eve of a religious renaissance. The critical nature of the situation makes this time particularly oppor- tune for a new consideration of the problem of" a really effective Christian approach to the Jew.

Dr. John R. Mott, whose missionary leadership has won the confidence of all the churches, wilt preside at these conferences. The delegates will be limited to one hundred, of whom fifteen will represent the United States and Canada. From·present indications the gathering will be representative of the best scholarship and experience in this great field of missionary effort.

The program of these conferences will be unique. There will be few papers read. A syllabus of topics will be sent out in advance of the meetings to all the delegates so that they will have the oppor- tunity of giving careful thought to them beforehand. A business committee will each day select and announce the topics to be discussed the following day. Committees on Findings will crystallize the re- sults of these discussions in concise statements which will make the results of the conferences available for those who have not been able to attend.

Provision has been made for an emphasis on the spiritual dy- namic at these gatherings. Biblical expositions and periods of devotion wm serve to keep all the discussions close to the evangelical purpose and deepen the sense of utter dependence on divine re- sources for the accomplishment of the work.

It is hoped that as a result of these gatherings there may be regained for Christendom a sense of responsibility for the Jews, and a return to the missionary methods of our Lord and His Apostles.

With the support of the earnest prayers of aU who are looking for the fulfillment of the sure promises of God concerning Israel, it may well be that these gatherings, under His blessing and guidance, will mark a distinct step forward in the work of winning the Jews to a recognition and appreciation of that Prophet of their people with whom their destiny is so unalterably bound. J. s. c.

ITEMS FROM EUROPE Protestant schools in Jugoslavia have been closed by the government.

In Poland, Catholic. priests are permitted to send their letters free. In Moscow, a young man, who disliked his father's religion so much that he killed him, was released by the judge, with a gentle rebuke. The rulers of Austria, Czecho-slovakia, Sweden, Finland and Mexico are like President Coolidge, total abstainers from intoxicants. In Sweden, pacifists are allowed to substitute hard labor for military service.

Impressions of

BY ROBERT E. SPEER, NEW YORK Extract from a Report of a Recent Visit, Presented to the Presby- terian Board of Foreign Missions O DR first visit this time in Japan was to Hokkaido, the great upper island only now coming under cultivation and filling up with immigration from the south. It has an area of 23,- 000 square miles, about equal to West Virginia, with a population of 2,500,000 and the longest river in Japan, the Ishikari, 250 miles long. The Government estimate is that it can support 10,000,000. That population would represent 436 to the square mile as compared with 378 for all Japan proper, or 694 in Java, or 380 in Italy, or 536 in Holland, or 389 in Great Britain, or 872 in Kiangsu province in China, or 553 in Shantung. At present the Church Missionary Society of England and the American Congregationalists and Methodists have missionaries only at Sapporo (one family), and at Hakodate (two women). The Presbyterians have missionaries at Otanl Sapporo, Asahigawa and Nokkeushi.

This is a field in which the Church of Christ in Japan is justified in expecting continued help from America. There are now in Hokkaido 350 towns and villages of over 1,500 population in only fifty of which are there Christian workers. In the Asahigawa field of one million population, there are twenty-nine towns of over 5,000 each with no Christian worker. There are cities of 60,000 or more with no ordained missionary.

The Japanese are a migrant people but they do not like to migrate from the old and developed islands-Kiushiu, Shikoku and Honshu-and they are not filling up Hokkaido very fast. Still, in time, it is sure to be filled. Its climate and flora are like northern New England or southern Canada. I saw huge piles of large timber heaped up at sawmills or paper pulp mills or in the midst of the forest and cultivation is encroaching constantly on the arable untilled areas. The winters are severe but the summer air in August after the unbearable humid heat of Tokyo was like Maine or Quebec. The pressure of popUlation in Japan will inevitably fill up these frontier regions with hardy people detached from old inhibitions and in need of Christianity for their individual and community well-being.

The Church of Christ in Japan, with the cooperation of the Mission, should lay hold on this new society and build now the foundations of strong churches for the future. A large number of missionaries will not be needed. The Japanese Church will do most of the work, but in pioneer service and in assistance in hard and crucial centers, and in the Christian education of girls, the Japanese Church 173

needs and desires the maintenance of at least the present missionary staff.

On this fifth visit to Japan during the past thirty years, we were in Japan less than a month so that one hesitates to record what must needs be only superficial jUdgments. Our visit took us into all types of places and we had rare opportunities for discussion with members of both houses of the Diet, with university presidents and professors, with newspaper men and labor leaders, with pastors and evangelists, and with many other men and women. I can only name many of the impressions-the desolation of the earthquake in Yokohama and Tokyo, and the more rapid recovery of Tokyo though with deep and ineffaceable scars; the courage and fortitude of the people; the great increase in the use of foreign dress, especially by men (a Japanese deputation at the boat were all in foreign dress and of a large company of men at a reception at the Okuma Villa, all but three wore Western clothes); the innumerable bicycles built in Japan; the same little old trolley cars but the great growth of motor cars, especially of taxis; the immense increase in the use of electric light not only in cities but also in remote country villages due to the development of water power on the many short streams pitching down the mountains, and to the safety of electric lighting as compared with oil lamps in the wood and paper and thatch houses of the people; the extension of the radio, seen in little houses in the midst of the rice fields, in far-away, lonely farms in Hokkaido and in a network of receiving wires in the cities; the universal forestation program of the Government which seems to include everv eroded hillside and which has set out tens of millions of larch and ~pruce and pine trees; the efficiency and promptness of the railway service, the unexcelled porter system with its vast number of employees, chiefly boys, as it appears to a traveler; the appalling advanee in prices and costs, some charges still keeping low levels as, for example, meals in dining cars, but hotel bills and motor rates and many other charges equaling those in America; the cheerfulness, politeness, self-respect, honesty and trustworthiness of the people. Other visitors and residents in Japan report f)ther impressions. Beyond doubt, there is a great deal that is evil and discouraging and even repellent, but we were spared meeting it.

THE MEN ON WHOM PROGRESS DEPENDS Foremost among these impressions I would note the evidence of the character and capacity of the men on whom the progress of .Tapan depends. We talked with many of these men. Nowhere in the world are there men more earnestly concerned to find the right way or more deeply anxious over the tendencies which threaten the highest life of nations in our modern day.

One conversation was at a home of a former cabinet minister,

FRESH IMPRESSIONS OF JAPAN

one of the best known and most respected liberal leaders in thc Diet, a man of very independent character and opinion. He was much discouraged at the present political situation in Japan. There were present also a professor of political science in the Imperial Uni- versity in Tokyo and one of the ablest newspaper men in Japan, associated with two of the leading newspapers. The political science professor frankly avowed himself an idealist, making much use of Bryce and Lowell, and an admirer of President Wilson. All disapproved of Mussolini. History affords no justification of his type they said. He and Julius Clesar were really anarchists. They rep- resented a wrong attitude to the past. At the same time they expressed the conviction that history shows there is a place for overturnings. Japan had hers in the restoration of the Mikado over the Shog·unate. 'What Japan needs now, they said, is not MussoIini nor any upheaval but normal growth in reason and righteousness and liberal progress. Education is moulding the nation, but education also needs mOUlding. On the whole they expressed the thought that the pJ:ess is stronger even than education, but it is suffering from the influence of American journalism.

1'hen they turned on us with the question as to whether Christianity is dying out in the United States as has been represented to them by a professor of the University of Washington, Seattle. He had just been in Japan seeking a rectification of the unrest and want of tranquillity of America. We found their attitude very sympathetic to our own, though one of them was a Buddhist and another would probably call himself an agnostic with strong Christian sympathies. The latter was frank in his declaration that the life and leadership of Buddhism are impotent, that Confucianism is an atmosphere of mind, not a conviction, that Christianity is the only hope. He saw no sign of its dominating Japan, though he recogntzed the extent to which it had permeated the nation. Why could not great preachers come to Japan to sweep the nation7 He admired the missionaries as good men but said that while there are strong Japanese preachers, they are half foreign. vVe might have reminded him that he too represented the best of East and West. But what he also represents is the deep unrest and longing of good men in .Japan. "I do not understand our own country," he went on. "Foreigners come and write boo-ks about us but I have studied Japan for fifty years. I do not know its history. No one does. What are its real lessons~ What is the real character of the Japanesef The fiction of Bushido is not the key. Wonderful progress has been made in government and in morality, but who knows what our tendencies are, the national drift, the goal to which we move or the road we are to take ~ I am not a Christian but I tell my classes to read the Bible and to study Christianity."

"Nor am I a Christian," said our other friend as we walked

away, "but what Japan wants is more Ohristianity. Sometimes I think that some Buddhists are better Ohristians than some Ohristians, but true Ohristians are Japan's need." I know these men were sincere, and I am speaking now not of their recognition of Japan's religious need, but of their grave and deep concern for their country. The idea of Japan as a vain, cock-sure, opinionated nation, with no high principles and no thought of humble duty and world brotherhood is no more true than a similar idea of America. Weare all alike bewildered and honestly seeking to find the right road.

Beside these types, there are all the others that we know at home-the indifferent, the materialist, the selfish, the careless, the secularist, the artist, the determinist, the easy going-but not many optimists. Pretty much everyone realizes that a great transition is taking place and that tremendous forces are at work remaking the nation as they are remaking all nations and all the Japanese whom I have met are thinking of these things and striving to act toward them just as honest and thoughtful people in America are doing.

The true spirit of the kind of men we need both in the churches and out of them is expressed in the closing words of an essay on "Oonstitutional Loyalty," given us by Mr. Ozaki Yuk;io, one of the purest and best public men in Japan: "There is reason to be proud of the loyalty and patriotism of our people, but to rest content with present conditions and neglect to exert ourselves to insure further development would, I am afraid, prove the beginning of the decline of our national fortunes. The ancient saw, 'Pride invites loss and humility is rewarded by gain,' is not a maxim applicable to individuals only. . . . It is most regrettable that there should be persons who are tossed about by the storm of this reactionary age, who shrink into the narrow cell of conservatism, and who, shutting their eyes to the virtues of others, rest contented in bigoted and benighted self·sufficiency. All who desire to assist in carrying into practical effect the great scheme inaugurated by the Restoration and 'reclaim the waves of the great seas' should be larger-minded enough to adopt and assimilate all the best things of the world. Should Japan become puffed up with the meager success which she has hitherto achieved, and assume an air of ridiculous self-importance, I can not but feel deep anxiety for the future of the Empire.

" 'Oh, how I wish to make this country inferior to none, Adopting that which is good and rejecting that which is bad.'

(A stanza by the Emperor Meiji.) "

To the extent that these good and thoughtful men truly represent Japan it is evident that her need of Ohristianity is as great as ours. To the extent that they do not it is, if possible, greater.

Hope and encouragement in regard to Japan are abundantly warranted. It is no doubt true that Japan is being swept on today by powerful materialistic forces and that the Ohurch is inadequate to the task. It could hardly be otherwise with such commercial and industrial expansion as we have noted. No doubt, also, where men have not frankly embraced a materialistic view they have saved little

FRESl[ IMPRESSIONS OF JAPAN

more than their doubts and, in the matter of religion, are avowedly or practically agnostic. On the other hand, there is widespread moral discontent, and a genuine religious concern displayed in the new vitality of Buddhism and in a real recognition of the worth of Christianity. It is, of course, hard to judge the true significance of moral self-criticism in national life. There can be no doubt that many people are deeply troubled in Japan over corruption in office, want of principle in high places as well as low, immorality in society, the licensed vice of prostitution, the decline of driving moral forces in life.

On the Sunday before we left Japan, a representative meeting of all six parties in the House of Peers met to consider the present political situation "to wake the whole nation to the urgent need of moral reform." After a long discussion they adopted a memorandum beginning: "The official discipline is fast loosening; the people· are becoming careless of moral obligations and the prospects of the future. condition of our country are gloomy." Such words indicate at least that the Japanese speak the same language we speak and certainly they have no less reason for so speaking. That is far better than national pride or the attitude of mind which spends its strength denouncing other nations while its own house is burning.

On each visit, one finds new signs of Christianity's impact in Japan. In the Nishi Hanganji Temple of the Shin sect in Kyoto a priest, with whom we were talking of Buddhist conceptions, answered a question about prayer to Buddha, "Oh, it is just as you Christians pray to Jesus Christ." Such references to Christianity are met constantly from Buddhists who formerly either knew nothing of Christianity or considered it inconsequential. The big popular Asakasa Temple in Tokyo, belonging to the Tendai sect, is more popular than ever since the time of the earthquake when the fire burned to it and stopped. There a priest gave me some leaflets describing the worship of the Temple in Christian terms and ideas, even mentioning Christ and quoting teaching of Christ in confirmation of Buddhist conceptions. As Dr. Reischauer says, it will be a more or less Christianized Buddhism with which the Church of Japan will have to deal. The Church has no illusions on the subject. Its aim is a converted, as well as a Christianized, Buddhism. But that is not an impossibility. There are phases of Buddhism which are more akin to Christianity than to the teaching of Gautama.

It is often pointed out, and justly, that while Christianity is numerically small, yet its ideas and influence are constantly represented as though it were one of the dominant religious forces in the country. Its representatives stand forth as claiming a place not one whit behind or beneath Buddhism and Shintoism. They are claiming an acknowledged place and are seeking a satisfactory recognition in the new "Religions Bill" now before the Government.

2.

Among the students, even more than in the nation at large, Christianity has a disproportionately larger place of power. Mr. Shimomura, head of the Religious Bureau of the Department of Education, recently issued a statement that there were 48,000,000 Buddhists, 17,000,000 Shintoists and 210,000 Christians in Japan. He went on to state that an investigation of 177 higher educational institutions (27 colleges and universities, 23 medical colleges and universities, 29 collegiate institutions for men and 20 for women, 27 religious colleges and 51 technical colleges), show 222 religious organizations in these institutions, 101 Buddhist, 114 Christian, 2 Shinto and five others. Members of these organrzations include 6,292 Buddhists, 4,924 Christians, 180 Shintoists and 579 others. In other words 51% of the organizations are Christian and of the members 41% are Christian, though Buddhists number 73% of the total population of Japan and Christians only 1/3 of 1 per cent. Mr. Shimomura proceeded to point out that the adherents of Buddhism in Japan are not real and convinced Buddhists. "Generally speaking," he says, "there are few sincere inquirers after truth among Buddhists. If you do not seriously consider this matter then in 50 or 100 years Buddhism will lose its place and influence in our nation." "Christianity," he said, "is capturing the leadership. The leaders of industry, politics, journalism and the officials of the future are to be found in the universities and colleges where the survey has been made, and you must consider this phase of the question."

We must not take too much comfort from this warning addressed to the Buddhists. Christianity is a long way from capturing the leadership of Japan. The churches are not many and most of them are weak. Great leaders like Honda and U emura are few. Too many of the young men are scholastic and academic. Christian workers are sometimes perfunctory or petty or truculent or ungrateful. As everywhere, too many lay Christians are vacillating and compromIsmg. There are all the weaknesses which we know at home and there are heavy handicaps which Christianity must bear.

It is best to look squarely at the dark and discouraging features of the situation. But it is good also to see the other facts. And we have seen them clearer and brighter on this visit than ever before. Our last contacts with Japan were with the magnificent new building of the Shiloh Church on the earthquake ruins in Yokohama (for which one member contributed $75,000 gold), and with a company of noble Christian men and women who came down to see us off. We came home with a greater regard than ever for the Japanese people and a deeper affection for the Japanese Church and for the Christian missionaries in Japan and a surer confidence with regard to the future. The Church at home should respond to the call of the churches and missions in Japan with steadfast support and redoubled prayer. That call was expressed in the resolution passed in our

F'RESH lMPRESSrONS OJ.' ,TAPAN j79

Conference with the Executive Committee of the Mission and with the Church of Christ in Japan as follows: "In view of the great unoccupied areas in both city and country, especially the absolutely unevangelized condition of many millions in the smaller towns and the teeming countryside in every part of Japan, we state our fervent desire for the fullest reinforcements of the right spirit and qualifications for direct evangelism that the American Church can contribute. And there is need as well for extensive strengthening of our school staffs by the addition of specially trained, thoroughly qualified teachers for theological education, college work, and secondary grade both in Meiji Gakuin and in the several girls' schools. Everywhere there is need for the building up of school and college faculties.

"The foreign mission era in .Japan is not yet drawing to a close and any misconceptions in that regard should be dissipated and the sympathy, the prayers, and the active participation of American Christians encouraged to the fullest extent possible."

That call was also set forth while we were in Japan, somewhat quaintly but very definitely, by Mr. Ebizawa: ,,We believe a missionary has a brilliant future, at least for the next fifty years, provided he be well qualified in learning and personality, and be properly located so as· to meet the real needs of the community. . . .

"What Gospel we expect from the missionaries. Our people are bur- dened with too many systems of various religions, and if it means only to replace superstition with another kind of superstition, they will no longer need the missionary. We need no more heathen teachings gilded with nomi- nal Christianity. It is a plain fact that some class of people show their cravings for the 'signs and miracles' as did the Jews, but that can never be a reason for making the Gospel cheap, or Christianity will have nothing more to give than Tenri or Omoto-kyo. If it attempts to appeal to the utilitarian motive, Konkokyo will work much more efficiently. These religions have recently been putting forth their strength in their propaganda. If Christian preaching remains on that same level our ordinary people will cease to think of their need of the true Gospel. . . .

"Certainly this is the most difficult field in the world, but there is also a special opportunity for a missionary, we believe. We are of the opinion that to thoroughly Christianize Japan really means to Christianize the entire Orient. Then, after all, it is not a question whether or not we need the mIssIonary. Let him go ahead heedless of the feelings of even the whole nation if he has his own distinctive Christian message he ought to impart to this nation. . . . .

"We have written about the future place of our missionary, and we wish again to lay stress on the fact that Japan is a peculiar field where 'Vestern civilization meets face to face with that of the Orient, so that to a Christian worker in this land is given the rare opportunity to discover and build up real universal civilization upon the Christian principles. We might think of this field as a testing-place for the missionary work in the world. So long as Christianity remains inactive, unable to thoroughly Christianize ,Tapan, the world will remain with its dark hemisphere. The challenging voice from the land is clearly heard."

We must pray that the Church at home and its young men and young women may indeed hear this challenge and respond.

uN I T ED sTA Es Juarez.

GuL F oF – MEXI c 0 o MEXICO Scale of Miles 50 so 100 '00 300 400 SHOWING EVANGELICAL M,lSSTON STATIONS AFFECTED BY PROVISIONS OF THE MEXICAN OONS,TITUTION, NATIONAL- IZING CHURCH PROPERTY AND FORBIDDING FOREIGN CLERGY TO OFFICIATE AT PUBLIC RElLIGlOUS SERVICES

PFJRSONAL WORK BY THE WAYSIDE IN

Mexico from Within BY KORM A:>! W. TAYLOR, OAXACA, MEXICO T o UNDERSTAND ,the struggle 99ing..o.n i!} :Mexico todayw.e must know someth)ng of · theli'lstory ,of yes.ter9ay. W.p.en Cortez landed in Vera Cruz he was faced by ail almost superhuman task. Something more than natural courage was needed, Sl;) he capitalized the religions fervor of the sixteenth century. The conquest of the country took the fo rm of a religious crusade. Roman Catholic priests accompanied every expedition and the conquered liatives were baptized at the point of the sword. Quite naturally the result was a baptized paganism which persists to this day.

The Church shared largely in the material gain~ of the victors and became so dominant thut, as early as the middle of the seventeellth century, she wa s r egarded by some as a menace, and the Ayuntamiento of Mexico appealed to Phillip IV to curtail her power. Neverthel ess she continued to g row and to add to her wealth until she possessed one half of the best land in :Mexico.

Immense territorial possesFiion, untold millions of money in her coffers, and complete control over the minds of the masses through her spiritual claims, made the Church more powerful thali the Government. But the more enlightened people, in increasing numbers, came to regard her as a menace to the country's welfare.

It was this condition that made' such pattiots as Hidalgo, Morelos, and .Juarez willing to face the power of Rome. Despite papal hulls and excommunication, they disputed her right to the bodies as well as the souls of the people. It is one of the ironies of history 181

that the first two of these leaders in the revolt were parish priests, and the third had studied for the priesthood. The first step toward liberty was freedom from Spain. When this had finally been obtained, after a dozen years of bloodshed, they found that the internal shackles of the Roman hierarchy bound them as firmly as ever.

Many of the periodic revolutions which have devastated the country have been recurring efforts to break these bonds. On the surface they have appeared to be conflicts between rival generals but in reality they have been a struggle between the liberal and conservative elements struggling for the supremacy. The Liberals in Mexico desire true republicanism and local self-government; they ONE OF THE TYPICAL ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCHES IN MEXICO contend for greater liberty and for the restoration of rights to the downtrodden masses. The Conservatives are the party of the Roman Catholic Church and include most of the large landowners; they are fighting to hold or regain the power and special privileges of earlier days.

. In the year 1857 Juarez promulgated a new constitution which has been the foundation of all subsequent legislation passed to curtail and control the special privileges and political activities of the Roman Ohurch. Then followed an event which has no parallel in the 19th century: Pope Pius IX issued a mandate against the constitution of the nation and called upon all the spiritual subjects of Rome to disobey the laws of their country. 'rhe constitution was applied to some extent, but the Church, by political activity and by fostering revolutions, did her best to hinder the observance of its

MEXICO FROM WITHIN ]83

A RURAL EVANGELICAL CONGREGATION IN MEXICO, AND ~'HErR CHAPEL provisions. All church property was nationalized, not in order to hinder or destroy religion hut in order to insure the use of the cathedrals and other church edifices for the benefit of the people. Last year an order was issued stating that, as all churches are national property, an inventory of the furnishings and belongings of each must be filed with the Secretary of State and the local authorities before the 31st of July. A declaration was also required, showing who was in charge of the church and work, to be signed by ten responsible members of each congregation. The Protestant churches complied with this order and have had no trouble but the Roman Catholic bishop ordered his clergy to refuse to comply with the edict. This has brought· on the crisis between that Church and the State.

It soon became known that the papal hierarchy was going to retaliate by withdrawing the priests from the churches at midnight on July thirtieth. Masses of people flocked into the cities and stood for hours in the hot semi-tropical sun, or huddled in the doorways during the rain, waiting for their turn to reach the confessionals. Great queues of mothers, with crying infants in their arms, waited outside the churches, sometimes for hours, in order to have their babies baptized. Women, with bottles in their hands, hurried to the churches in order to bring home a few drops of holy water, superstitiously believing that in some miraculous way it would be of help to them when they were without the ministration of the priests.

The Mexican Government has not interfered with worship in the churches but the Roman Catholic hierarchy, by withdrawing the priests from the churches, has cut off millions of souls from what they believe to be the means of grace and today these millions are

suffering greatly from fear of the consequence of being without this ministry. Thus the Roman Catholic Church is endeavoring to arOUse popular sentiment against the Government.

On the 31st of July the government officials entered the churches to make the necessary inventories but in an hour or two t:qey hande~ over the buildings to the ten appointed men in each case.

Foreign prIests, not being amenable to the laws of the land, have been such a source of trouble to Mexico, that the Government has felt it necessary to enact la:ws by which the foreign "clergy are for- bidden to officiate in any public religious services. These laws are applied without distinction to both foreign Roman Catholic priests and Protestant missionaries. . . While the Pxotestant niissionarle~, in' order to comply with the laws, have had to stop pre'aching in organized churches, their work is so varied that they have been able to continue service along other lines, leaving the actual preaching to the trained Mexican. On the other hand the foreign priests of Rome, whose chief work has been the public,admir).istration of mass, continued to officiate publicly when they dared. For this reason, many were deported.

One who is unfamiliar with conditions in Mexico is naturally mysti£ed to understand how the Calles Government is able to carry out its policies in a country that is so predominatly Roman Catholic.

This would be impossible if it were not for a large and enlightened section of the people who, although nominal Roman Catholics, are out of sympathy with the course adopted by the hierarchy.

On the £rst of August last year a great parade took place in Mexico City, when it is said that at least £fty thousand men paraded in support of the President's program. A friend who watched the parade from the front of a large church later told me that he thought that at least thirty per cent of the men parading had lifted their hats in respect while passing the church. By this act they showed their religious sentiment, but by marching in line they testified to the fact that they were out of harmony with the announced policies of their Church.

These more enlightened Mexicans also believe in the educational policy of the Government realizing that Mexico can never come into her inheritance while eighty per cent, or more, of the population are illiterate. The Government is making great efforts to educate the masses. There are now 13,257 rural and elementary schools through- out the country and the Federal Government's educational budget for the last year is reported to have been twenty-six million pesos, In addition the various states spent about forty per cent of their incomes on education. During the present year the Federal Govern- ment hopes to establish two thousand additional schools.

The same authority reports that four out of every ten children of school age are in public schools and many others attend private

MEXICO FROM WJ1'HTN J85

schools. It is, therefore, estimated that fifty per ccnt uf the children of school age are under instruction.

An American authority 011 educational matters makes this arresting statement: "It is estimated that if ten years of tranquility are secured for Mexico there will be schools for the entire population and illiteracy, as far as the new generation is concerned, will be wiped out."

The Roman Catholic Church has dominated the country for three and a half centurics and had her opportunity to educate the people; if she had done so there would not exist today the great ignorance and poverty that prevail and a few years of revolutions would not have retarded the country to such an extent.

The present conflict between Church and State is causing Mexico to suffer, but ill her suffering she is thinking and asking questions. She is beginning to doubt the infallibility of the Church and is seeking to know the Truth. The pastors of evangelical churches report that many strangers are continuaUy in attendance at their services and that a deepening interest in spiritual matters is evident on every hand. The American Bible Society also reports a larger sale of Bibles, Testaments and Scripture portions during the .latter part of last year than at any similar period.

'l'hese things are an evidence that God is working in Mexico, and causes even the wrath of man to praise Him. Shall we not unitedly pray that He will use the present events to bring Mexico to a knowledge of Himself as He has been revealed in Jesus Christ'

SOME EVANGELICAL CH HIS'I'IAN WORKEHS IN. OAXACA

Mexico-Before and After the

BY REV. WILLTA~f WALLACE, MEXICO Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions SINOE Mexico started her Revolution some fifteen years ago, she has probably attracted more attention than at any time (except, possibly the period of Maximilian's Empire), since her conquest by Cortez. It has been almost impossible, in the welter of contradicting news items, to get at the real causes of these disturb- ances or properly to evaluate the revolutionary program. Having spent my childhood in South America, where my father began mis- sionary work in 1861, and having made intimate contacts with all classes and conditions of men and women in Mexico, from university rectors to unlettered peons of the plains and corn-planting Indians of the Sierra' Madre, during my thirty-six years' residence in that country, I may be able to throw some light on the subject.

When one asks the average ignorant Mexican to name his national hero, he generally replies Gaona, a full-blooded Indian and the great- est bun fighter of the twentieth century. Probably Pancho Villa's name is better known outside of Mexico than that of Hidalgo, the patriot priest, called the Washington of Mexico, or of Juarez, called the Lincoln of Mexico.

I would like to try to capture your sympathetic interest for Mexico in her present struggles to achieve economic and social liberty. The development of an intelligent mutual understanding between the two countries and the creation of a genuine sympathy for the national culture and ideals of the respective countries will go a long way in solving all our difficulties. Mexico illustrates in a remarkable manner the progress of the Kingdom of God under varying conditions wherever we have carried the banner of Christ.

In Mexico we see the same struggle that is being carried on in China, India, Turkey and in some of the newer republics of Europe. These people are trying to realize four great objectives: 1. To effect self-determination in their national life. 2. To solve their labor and agrarian and social problems. 3. To be independent of foreign control in their social, industrial, intellectual and religious life. 4. In Mexico there is a determination to check the influence of the Chm:ch in,the field of politics. This has been the underlying cause of many of the revolutions. Mexico and the United States represent two types of civilization': They present contrasts in religion, in culture, and in temperament. North of the Rio Grande we find predominating the blonde race, whose ancestors came largely from Northern Europe. To the south, 186

1027J :~m.xrco-13EE'OH~; AND Al!"l'lm THE HEVOLU'l'rON

the racestock is Indo-Iberian; that is, Spanish and Portuguese. The Indian predominates in Mexico but is modified by the South European stock. In the United States the dominating type of religion is Protestant, largely determining our civil and religious institutions. Among the Mexicans it is almost exclusively Roman Catholic. Our culture is English in its language and traditions and north European in its emphasis on the exposition of our moral and spiritual ideals in material forms, production, distribution and mechanical devices. Their culture is Spanish with its Latin emphasis on art, music and poetry. We emphasize the head in a hearty sort of way; they emphasize the heart in a heady fashion. In temperament we are evolutionary, working out our problems of social life piecemeal, with only an occasional political convulsion; their temperament is revolutionary, with its logical radicalism, seeking to achieve results immediately moving along a straight line.

Up to the time of the Mexican War of '47, we tried as a p'eople to ignore them. But "Fate or Providence" has placed us side by side with a frontier of a thousand miles difficult to patrol. Our contacts have been increasing and will continue to'increase. It is possible for us to be poor neighbors, or we can be good neighbors. mutually helpful.

Most people fail to realize how great a contribution Mexico has made to our national life. Geographically she has given us one half of her territory (Texas to the Pacific Coast), surrendered at the close of the Mexican War. Of late years over a million Mexicans have immigrated into the United States, supplying the demand of labor for our beetfields, our fruit orchards, factories and railroads. In fact, Mexico, exempted from the immigrant quota imposed on other countries, is now our main reliance for supplying the shortage in our labor markets. Naturally, whatever efforts we make in behalf of good relations with Old Mexico and in contributing to her moral and intellectual (not merely material) development will react favorablv on the Mexicans.

Yuc~tan supplies our wheat farmers with heneken harvester binding twine. Campeche sends us our indispensable chicle (chewing gum), and fine woods. Tabasco feeds us with bananas and cocoa. The state of Vera Cruz exports vanilla and coffee. Mexico's great central table land contributes one fourth the world's output of silver. Her cattle on a thousand plains furnish us with horns and hides. Finally, each summer, several hundred students of Spanish from our schools (Boston to San Francisco; Twin Cities to New Orleans), attend every summer the University Vacation School established by the Mexican Government in Mexico City.

In spite of these ties which should develop a rising tide of grateful interest in Mexico, I see stretching along our borders and rising to startling heights a great wall of prejudice dividing us. On this

side stand out in lurid letters these word,,: "race prejudice; COlltempt; ignorance; greasers; half-breeds; revolutionaries; bandits."

That is the mental complex associated with that wonderful and fas- cinating country, blotting out more attractive ones. .

On the Mexican side I see printed these words: "Yankees; dol- lar chasers; crushing' corporations; capitalistic monsters." On the heels of these mutual epithets, follow the sensitive pride of a weaker race, and the sense of being ignored, misrepresented, misunderstood.

Evidently what is most needed on our part is all understanding'

sympathy based on a knowledge of their history, their great men and the tremendous sacrifices that many of Mexico's more noble spirits have made to achieve for their country enduring civil and religions liberty. How many American Christians could mention the names of Mexico's ViTashington (the patriot priest Hidalgo), and her great Lincoln (the Zapaotec Indian Juarez) ~ Prescott's History of ~fex­ ico and" The Fail' God," by Lew 'Vallace, and books of travel make little real contribution to understanding' today's problems in Mexico.

During the past sixty years evangelical missionaries have built up a great church, supported by the second and third generation of communicants brought up in the Christian faith. Naturally the first converts were looked on by the "Mother Church" as apostates from Rome, renegades. Now our church people are accepted by their Roman Catholic neig'hbors as a legitimate element in the religious life of the country. Mexican Protestants now sing, "Faith of Our Fathers, Living Still" ·with the same zest as their Roman Catholic neighbors. The stimulating and leavening influence of our work is seen along many lines. Over thirty years ago the Presbyterians estab- lished a normal school for women in the frontier state of Coahnila.

The Governor Cardenas decided that it was time that the States should have a school of its own. In looking around for a director he picked out Dr. Andres Osuna, then pastor of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the city of Saltillo. He sent him together with four young men to the State Normal School at Bridgewater, Conneticut, where two years were spent in thorough training. During the ensuing twelve years Dr. Osuna bnilt up a fine normal school in the capital of his own state. Later Dr. Osuna was chosen by President Car- ranza to be Director of Public Instruction of the whole republic.

At present he is in charge of the Union Evangelical Press, gives temperance addresses throughout the republic and serves as a kind of liason officer between the foreign missionaries and the more intel- lectual elements of the countI·y.

One day our Mission established a primary school in the beau- tiful town of Paraiso near the coast of Tabasco. Prettv Soon the local authorities woke up to the fact and decided that Protestant " Yankees" should not have a monopoly of education in the town.

MEXICO-BEFORE A='iD AF'l'ER THE R;EVOLuTIOK

So they began a school of their own. Eventually the good-natured lazy priest, rubbing his eyes, remarked, "These heretics have started a school; these atheists have started another; it is high time for the Mother Church to have a school of her own." So we made three schools "to grow where none had grown before."

Until lately athletics were practically unknown in Mexico. Through the efforts of the Y. M. C. A. many Mexican young men of the best families awoke to the superiority of wholesome athletics over bull fighting and cock fighting. Soon baseball and football teams began to be organized all over the republic. A young graduate of a Presbyterian preparatory school in the Valley of Mexico was asked by President Carranza to reorganize the great Federal Preparatory School of Mexico in which 1,500 young men are preparing for different professions. Moises Saenz employed Mr. Aguirre, a Cuban by birth, an American by citizenship and an athletic Christian by profession, to develop a cf)mplete system of athletics in his school. The contagion has spread. In a little Indian town in the Valley of ~Iexico, where we have a Protestant congregation, the young men have organized three football teams. They do not always have full equipment but in that hardy race, often barefooted, they handle the pigskin with great effectiveness.

When I went to Mexico there were no playgrounds in any of the schools or centers. However, a few years ago one of our missionaries secured equipment for a playground in our social center, this being the first one established in the country. Later the American colony inspired by this example presented a well-equipped playground to the Mexican Government as its contribution to the Centennial of Mexico's independence. Playgrounds are now to be found in the parks and schools of all the great centers of the country.

Before the revolution the leaders of education at the University of Mexico were disciples of Comte and the whole curriculum was based on the postivist philosophy which deals only with phenomena. Later Herbert Spencer and the agnostic influence became immensely popular among the educated men and women but more lately a great spiritual movement has boen set in motion. The Bible is freely quoted in school rooms where before the name of God was not even mentioned. Many of the professors have become spiritualists, but the rector of the National University is an outspoken evangelical Christian, having become interested in the study of the Bible through the Y. M. C. A. 'rhe rector of the School of Mines and Engineering is an active member of the Triangle Club, meeting weekly for Bible study and prayer. The Sub-Secretary of Public Education who has charge of the technical organization of primary and secondary schools throughout the republic, is the son of a Presbyterian elder and himself a devoted Christian. These are only a few of the con-

crete cases which show the stimulating and leavening influence of our work throughout the republic.

Many people, both Protestant and Roman Catholic, speak approvingly of the contribution made by mission schools to the development of Mexico. They have exerted a remarkable educational influence on the whole country.

The contrast in the life of the Mexican people "before and after the Revolution" can be shown in many ways. Before the Revolution the Indian and peon were leading a soporific existence without any consciousness of their place in the social order. Ever since the conquest in fact, this element had lost the consciousness of a real soul with the corresponding possibility of development and progress. During my first twenty years in Mexico, "law, order, peace" were the watchwords. The long wars of reform and of intervention had been fought to a finish. President Diaz, originally a troublemaker, having started revolutions against his old leader, President Juarez, and later against President Lerdo, had finally come into power and convinced the country that he was the man to bring about permanent peace and order and develop the material resources of the country. He was friendly to foreign capital; he knew men and surrounded himself with able administrators; he balanced the budget; he ruthlessly suppressed all uprisings. But the vast mass of the people, ninety per cent of peons and workers in factories and small tradesmen, gradually lost all initiative. They became mere employees of their employers who in turn collaborated with the "Master of Mexico" and his circle of friends, in an interlocking system. The states became mere provinces; the justices of the courts became appointees of the Executives; the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate were puppets to execute the will of the Executives, already expressed through special committees, which presented unanimous reports, worked out in consultation with the president and his cabinet.

But another revolution was simply unthinkable. Madero himself dreaded the consequences of any violent uprising. It was only when Diaz openly disregarded the will of the people and insisted on appointing his own successor that armed groups in the north and south of the Republic broke out in open rebellion. Madero finally consented to be their leader. Now after nearly twelve years of armed conflict the states have become free and sovereign. The Indians and peons face their employers frankly and openly, knowing that in the last resort they can back up their demands with a gun.

Americans are apt to be very impatient with Mexico because of the disordered condition of things caused by her conflict with the Roman Catholic hierarchy and with foreign corporations doing business there. The lives of our citizens and missionaries are, as a rule, just as safe there as in our own country. We would exercise more patience probably if we would remember that the situation in Mexico

927] MEl,xiCO-BEFORE AND AFTER THE R·EVOLUTiON

closely parallels that of our own South immediately after the close of the Civil War. Twenty years passed before anything like normal conditions prevailed once more. The peons and Indians and in general, the working classes in Mexico, on achieving their new liberties through the Mexican revolution, find themselves in a very similar position to that of the Negroes suddenly brought out of ignorance and slavery into the full enjoyment of their political rights as full-fledged citizens.

Up to the time of the revolution, no real labor union was in existence in Mexico, with the possible exception of the orders of. engineers and conductors on the railroad.:, Any attempted strike was crushed out by the Federal troops, often with bloodshed. With the new order of things introduced by the revolution, labor began to organize along various lines. In many places the Reds have been in control, but the Federal Government has always favored the development of conservative unions, modeled after the labor unions in the United States. It is untrue to say that the Mexican Constitution is Bolshevik and the Government atheistic.

The new spirit of initiative is shown in many ways. Formerly every movement, whether cultural or political or economic, "came down from above," as everybody understood that any initiative on the part of the people would be looked upon with disfavor by those in power. Today we find all kinds of groups and circles seeking to promote the general welfare along such lines as hygiene, music, art. In the great amphitheatre of the National Preparatory School, wonderful programs have been put on, introducing the public to a knowledge not only of the great masters in music and art but also of their own historical background as represented by the folklore, songs and dances of old Aztec and Toltu days. Formerly the educated classes were ashamed of anything that was Mexican and all education was carried along the line of foreign traditions. Now they are proud of everything that is national and indigenous. I well remember what might be considered the date of "the awakening of a nation." Diaz had continued in power for thirty years as "a material builder and master. " Finally he gave the people to understand that he was ready to have free elections for a successor in the presidential chair.

On the fifth of February, 1910, two great meetings were held in the City of Mexico in honor of the adoption of the constitution in 1857. That day I attended two meetings held within two blocks of each other which offered a remarkable contrast between the old regime that was soon to be rung out and the new which was so soon to be rung in. The first meeting I attended was high mass in the aristocratic church of St. Francico, an old building, confiscated during the War of Reform, but later restored by the wife of President Diaz. The occasion was a great reception given by the Archbishop of Mexico

and prelates from neighboring dioceses in honor of the Papal Legate. The occasion was signalized by great pomp. The friendly relations with &me were symbolized by the carrying of the Nuncio's train and the kissing of his feet by the highest dignitaries of the Church who prostrated themselves before Rome's representative. He was the last Legate who was allowed to reside in Mexico, having been expelled for violating the laws of the land.

There is a general feeling abroad in the States that the radical program of the Mexican Government is very comunistic and unfair to the foreigners 'who have acquired rights in the country, as well as to the foreign clergy who are anxious to help in the building up of that country. It is difficult for us to appreciate the attitude that has been taken by the Mexican Government. In our own countrv we have had from the beginning a great many, perhaps too many,' different churches, all of which are allowed to own property.

In Mexico it is totally different. '1.'he Roman Catholic Church from the beginning has educated the whole nation to the idea that their Church is the only legitimate representative of the religion of the whole people, barring a few heretics and'foreigners who are not considered an essential part of the national life. The civil government, conducted as at present by a liberal minority of progressive Catholics, finding their program of education of the people and of labor and social reforms blocked at every step by the Roman Catholic Church, has taken substantially this attitude: "You clergy may indeed represent the moral and spiritual interests of the nation; the Government represents the material interests, including the control of property and lives. As you have chosen to use your material wealth to oppose, and if possible to break down, the constitution and laws of the country, we will take over control of these material interests, leaving you at liberty to carryon your spiritual activities. But you must register all your properties and place them under the control of the civil authorities." The Government after taking an inventory of all these properties has insisted that the doors be kept open for the free exercise of religious rights and ceremonies. The Hierarchy has forbidden the priests to officiate until the Government has changed its policy. As a result thousands of the faithful enter the churches to pray before the various images and are becoming accustomed to worshipping without the presence of a priest. In the present situation the Protestant element in Mexico has followed the apostolic injunction of "obeying the ordinance of the powers that be. " As a result they have found themselves enjoying the same liberty of action in all their legitimate work as they were before registering their properties. There will never be any danger of the Government taking the properties away from any church and putting them to some other use so long as they are used legally and not for. political propaganda.

MEXICO-BEFORE AND AFTER THE REVOLUTION

One should not be surprised at the strong anti-foreign feeling exhibited in the awakening of Mexico to a new life. 'For many rea- sons foreigners usually are to be found at the head of all the big business enterprises, have charge of the higher schools (not govern- ment), and exercise a determining influence very often in the inter- national relations of the country. Naturally, native Mexicans be- came impatient at finding themselves playing "second fiddle" and not "first fiddle" as they would like to do in their own national life.

This has led to what seem harsh restrictions on foreign enterprises; The motive, however, is perfectly legitimate, as it represents the in~ stinct of self-preservation and liberty of action, free froni foreign domination. ' ,.' ; The Protestants have made a very definite contribution to Mexi~ can progress. In the first place the awakening of the conscious,ness of the people through the light of the Gospel itself, the habits of self~ government in the churches in which the laity truly have a part, ,an~ the legitimate desire to take an active part in public affairs hav~ all been promoted by our evangelical churches and schools. We lulve also promoted integrity of character in the leadership of the great forward movement. '

How can we help most effectively in the solution of Mexi,co's problems t First, by getting an intelligent and sympathetic under- standing of their situation; not interfering or intervening, but, con- tributing with our quota of moral and spiritual values; second, by reenforcing the missions which have done a remarkable work with a very limited supply of men and money; lastly, we can provide schol- arships in our schools throughout the United States for the education of young Mexicans of promise. The interchange of students and pro- fessors between the two countries will undoubtedly prove to be one of the most valuable contributions to that more perfect understand- ing which is the basis of a genuine international friendship and a mutual helpful attitude.

In Mexico-Far from the Beaten Tracks BY ETHEL R. DOCTOR, OAXACA, MEXICO nAFTER nearly three days of riding on horseback from Oaxaca Oity over the Sierra I arrived in Yatzachi on New Year's Eve. rt was twilight when I descended the trail which leads to the village, and in the distance I heard the excited cries of welcome to "El Senor," Mr. Van Slyke, who had returned home. The Indian boy at my horse's heels said, "Ah, Senorita, the village is very'happy now-everybody sings or whistles hymns. Before it was so sad."

"But, " I said, "only the Ohristians sing hymns do they not y" "Oh, no, Senorita everybody is happier, even those who do not 3

know why they are happy, sing or whistle. I don't know how to explain it but, 0h, Senorita, the village is so differ ent now!"

After supper I went out on the porch of the "-White Hou se"

as the home of Mr. and Mrs. L. P. Van Slyke is called by the natives. It was nine 0 'clock and many village men, seated on benches and women squatted Indian fashion on .straw mats, were listening to music from the magic music box- the phonograph. They were wait- ing for the Watch-Service which was to begin at eleven. When the service begau Mr.

Van Slyke gave a short 'imd im- pressive talk on the significance of the Lord's Supper and the respon- sibility and privilege of church membership. As I watched the silent faces of the attentive con- gregation of one hundred and fifty or more, and listened to their fer- vent prayers I was impressed with the sincerity of these new Chris- tians. Four men were baptized and were received into church membership upon confession of faith. 'rhey were tlle first Chris- tians of the first Christian church in the Sierra de Juarez, Oaxaca, Mexico. The blackness of the nigh t and the peculiar silence of distant places settled over us, as A WOMAN OF YATZACHI E'L BAJO, the four Indians, with Mrs. Van OAXACA Slyke, Miss Taylor and I partook of the Lord's Supper. We seemed to be glorified by the Lord's presence. Christ had r eally come to Yatzachi and His coming was not transitory or imaginary but real. The people of Yatzachi are not only honored and glad at His coming but they are savedtransformed in their daily life and habits, blessed and made strong in the faith. He says, "Behold I stand at the door and knock; if any man hear my voice and open the door, I will come in to him, and will sup with him, and he with me."

Christ-dwelling in the hearts of His messengers, moving them.

to sacrificial service-has come to Yatzaohi el Bajo, Oaxaca, Mexico, and has worked wonderful changes in the Indians.

Yatzachi has opened the door to Christ. You- with your prayers and your giftS–{}an make it possible for Christ to knock at the heart's door of many in out-of-the-way places in Mexico.

You Beat the Dutch?

BY REV. SAMUEL M.. ZWE:MER, D.D.

COMPARISONS may be odious but we have the highest authority in regard to their utility. When the Apostle Paul wrote to the Corinthian Church on so delicate a subject as their financial affairs and the needed grace of benevolence, he did not scruple to tell the story of other churches and let the tardy and self-centered Co- rinthians draw their mvn conclusions. "1Vith regard to the collection for the saints," said he, "you must carry out the same arrangements as I made for the churches in Galatia." Then he tells of regular, proc portionate, weekly contributions by some early method of the" du- plex" envelope-or was it a duplex bag~ Titus started a financial campaign at Corinth (2 Cor. 8: 6) but had great difficulty. Paul, therefore, returned to "the unmentionable sin" of selfishness and wrote of the churches in Macedonia, " Amid a severe ordeal of trouble their overflowing joy and their deep poverty together have poured out a flood of rich generosity; I can testify that up to their means, aye and beyond their means, they have given-begging me of their own accord, most urgently, for the favor of conf1-ibuting to the S1[P- port of the saints." (Moffat's Version.) "Now then, you who are to the front in everything, in faith, in utterance, in knowledge, in all zeal, and in love for us-do come to the front in this gracious enterprise as well. I am not issuing any orders, only using the zeal of others to prove how sterling your own love is …… I want a generotts gift, not as money wrung out of you …… for God loves a hilarious giver." (2 Cor. 9: 7 Greek text).

In my journeyings through many parts of our country I have never come across such large per capitas and such hilarious giving as in certain Dutch-American communities of the Reformed Church.

The facts are sufficiently eloquent to need no comment save the cap- tion of this brief article, "Can you beat the Dutch 7"

Four of these churches, typical of others which could be put into the same category, represent farming communities in the middle west, or truck-farmers and small business men in the vicinity of Chicago. Here is the list: .

Gifts fm· Congregational }{ame of Ch1lreh Members Others E'xpenses South Holland, Ill. . . . . . .. 506 $12,932 $7,756 Third, Pella, Iowa ……. 433 5,953 4,847 First, Hull, Iowa …….. 384 8,539 First, Sioux Center, Iowa. 471 6,487 10,080 8,647 In 1921 the church at Sioux Center gave away $19,053 and spent $6,941 on itself. For the last six years, the church at South Holland, Illinois, has given more to others than it has spent on itself.

195

In a letter the Rev. T. W. Muilenberg, pastor of the South Holland church, writes: "We use principally English, although we still preach the morning sermon in Dutch. There are three other churches here, two Christian Rleformed and one old Reformed, the last one very small. .Most of the people here are farmers, since this is strictly a rural community.

"My method is very simple; a couple of Sundays before, I state as plainly, forcefully and clearly as possible the claims of the cause or cau~es, and usually the response comes.

I I My people have a warm heart for missions, and they do not need so much for themselves j they are a plain people and live simply."

Another church that belongs to the Macedonia class is located at Passaic, New Jersey. It has no wealthy members. It is still struggling with. the bilingual problem of meeting the spiritual needs and desires of a minority of elderly naturalized Dutch-Americans and of their progressive children and grandchildren-but their offerings remind one of the Greek word which Paul used. They are positively "hilarious" in their devotion to the collection-plate. After a visit the pastor wrote me as follows: "Just as a matter of information and encouragement let me give you our collections last Sunday: Special missionary collection …………………………… . $425.31 The regular offering for the church ……………… . 190.77 'l'he regular offering for benevolence …………….. . ……. . For Ministerial Pension }i'und ………………………….. . 141.93 67.55 The total we collected ……………………………. $825.56 So you. see that the special collection did not interfere with the regular. You did not make a mistake by not preaching."

It is even more hilarious (for the missionary) when we add that by special vote of the session the offering for missions was not taken at the time of our visit but was postponed because the snow and sleet had kept some people away that day from the privilege of the offer- ing! Of course, there are many other churches in all sections of our country that are examples of liberality and self-denial. But there are congregations where one is reminded at the time of one's visit, and when reading the annual report, of the verses by an Episcopalian rector in Milwaukee: "The treasurer shuffles his bills, And his eye with anxiety fills; People think it is flip To pay God with a tip, And spend fortunes on feathers and frills."

Glance over the per capita of your own congregation, your diocese or cIassis or presbytery, or synod, perchance your own per capita for the Kingdom of God, and see whether you "can beat tho Dutch."

Hope for America, Except-

BY REV. JOHN MoDOWELL, D.D., NEW YORK Secretary, Board of National Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

T HERE are three possible interpretations of the present con- ditions in America. The Hopeless Pessimist thinks that everything is bad and growing worse. The Blind Optimist says that everything is perfect and growing better. The Dissatisfied Idealist admits that everything is not perfect, that there are radical defects in American life and many things that are not right. But he believes that there is in the Gospel of Jesus Christ the power that will make things right.

This belief and confidence of the Dissatisfied Idealist is rooted in three great convictions: First, there is no hope for America apart from the Kinpdo1n of God. By the Kingdom of God we mean what Jesus Christ himself meant when He taught the world to pray: "Thy Kingdom come, 'l'hy will be done on earth as it is in Heaven." This means one thing, namely, the reign of God in the life of men and in the life of nations. History and experience prove conclusively that no political scheme, no educational system, no industrial arrangement, no social ideal, apart from the Kingdom of God can ever save America. 1Ve are learning in these days again that there is no substitute for good will, in either national or international relationships, and that there is no good will worthy of the name that is not rooted and grounded in the Kingdom of God which, according to the Apostle Paul, is "a Kingdom of righteousness, and peace and joy in the Holy Ghost."

Second, there is no hope for the Kingdom of God apart from the Christian Cht!rch. By the Christian Church we mean something more than a body of doctrine or a form of ritualism or a system of government. 1Ve mean what the Apostle Paul meant by it, namely, "the body of Christ." As the body of Christ, the Church is charged with the responsibility of expressing the spirit of' Christ to the world, proclaiming the message of Christ to mankind and doing the work of Christ. That work is saving and serving men in all the earth. Other agencies will help the Church to bring in the Kingdom but no one of them or all combined will take the primary responsibility for this task. The Church is the authorized, designated instrument through which Jesus Christ is building His Kingdom. It is not a perfect body. It has its defects and has failed in many respects, but after all it is the one great agency in America that is giving its time and its thought, its life and its resources to the establishment of the Kingdom of God in America.

Third, there is no hope for the Christian Church apart from a consecrated and effective leadership.

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Five characteristics must mark the leadership that is demanded today. It must be: (1). Intelligent. The leaders we need must know the will of God, the Word of God and the work of God. The leaders of the Church must be able to inspire, but also must give information regarding the moral and spiritual conditions of the nation.

(2). Efficient. It must be a leadership that can apply its knowl~ edge to the needs of the times. Fairly and fearlessly these leaders must apply the principles of Jesus Christ, not only to the life of the individual, but to the entire life of the nation.

(3). It must be optimistic. While recognizing the evils of the times, and deeply conscious of tendencies which are threatening to deny our ideals and impair our institutions, we need a leadership that believes "God still reigns" in America and that His will can be done and will be done in the life of this great nation.

(4). It must be cooperative. By this we mean that it must incarnate the spirit of the Apostolic Church which is expressed in the words, "with one accord." This is essential to all effective cooperation. No amount of mere agreement in opinion or common methods, or even a united budget will ever produce the cooperative spirit which is needed today in the leadership of the Church. Cooperation must root itself in the spirit that will make the Church of "one accord" even though it may not make it possible for the Church to face its task with one method, or one opinion or one form of organization..We need the spirit of the gathering of the Chinese Christians in China a few years ago, when they said, ",Ve are agreed to differ but we are resolved to love." A leadership dominated by this spirit cannot be defeated. A Church guided by this spirit will be a converting and conquering Church.

(5). The leadership for today must be sacrificial. Only as the leadership of the Church isdedicaied to the principle of the Cross can we draw men to Jesus Christ. The Christian leaders of the future must rededicate their lives to the same principle that actuated .Jesus Christ, the principle of sacrifice. It is still true that we must lose our life for Christ's sake if we would keep it. The best things in the life of the nation can be kept only as it gives them away. A spring is a spring only as long as it gives its waters to the flowing stream. When it ceases to give it becomes a stagnant pool. A window is a window only as long as it transmits light. "Vhen it absorbs light it ceases to be a window. When a nation ceases to give its best to the world, it ceases to be Christian. God save America from the calamity of self-absorption-from the calamity of losing ber life by trying to keep it. Given a leadership that is intelligent, efficient, optimistic, cooperative and sacrificial, the Church can and will accomplish its task of establishing the Kingdom in America, and thus saving the nation.

A OOMMUNI'T'Y MEETING OF COAL MINERS AND THEIR

The Human Factor in Coal Mining* 1 BY FRED HAMILTON RINDGE, MOUITTCf,AIR, NEW JERSEY JG. BRADLEY, President of the West Virginia Ooal Operators' Association recently said, "Industry belongs to the men. as • never before. Improvement of the physical life of the workers is a sound basis for larger spiritual development. It is the belief of the Y. M. O. A. in this principle and the carrying out of the same in its program that appeals to the operators, and has helped to win their confidence in the Association as an efficient welfare agency." Many coal operators have expressed the belief that the "Y," being a mutual organization which helps unite the interests of both employer and employee, wiII have an increasingly important part to play in improving conditions, promoting good-will and building character.

As far back as 1883 the "Y" was working with miners and in 1895 numbers of college men were enlisted to serve mining camps during the summer months. By 1906 a comprehensive program of educational work with foreigners, and a series of mining institutes for the more skilled workers, was well under way. During the past decade, the program of service has been extended on a more perma- !liThe last Anthracite Coal Strike cost railro·ad and mining companies $3,000,000 per day and caused immeasurable suffering. Can such strikes be made unnecessary by the multiplication af Christian agencies?

199

nent and far-reaching basis. West Virginia now boasts ten miners' Y. M. C. A. buildings, serving over 20,000 people weekly. Colorado and Wyoming have twenty buildings, most of them in the camps of the Colorado Fuel and Iron Company. The work was organized several years ago after the big strike, at the earnest request of the men, both union and non-union, as well as company officials. In spite of obvious difficulties, it has succeeded beYQnd all expectations. Here, as elsewhere, an all-round program of educational, social, physical, spiritual and thrift work is being carried on with excellent results. The growth of one Y. M. C. A. in West Virginia is notable. Several years ago a saloon was transformed into a "Y," the bar becoming A PLAYGROUND IN A MINING TOWN the secretary's desk. The work has expanded until today it is carried on there in a fine new building.

The Christian service program in a typical coal mining town is varied and comprehensive. Educational classes, clubs, athletics, character talks, motion pictures, health and other exhibits, Bible classes and special meetings, socials, celebration of foreign and American holidays, thrift campaigns, and many other activities are the usual thing. In one town the "Y" man realized the special need of developing various kinds of labor, essential to the community, out of the town itself. Vocational studies were started in track-laying, drainage, ventilation, etc., and a special educational committee became responsible for a remarkable program. The "Y" library was greatly enlarged, and to stimulate interest, a "public reader" was introduced several evenings each week.

1927J THE HUMAN FAC'l'OR IN COAL MINING

When saloons thrived the "Y" had a real competitor and in a few months, the "Y" generally won. One saloon-keeper said, "General business is good, but saloon business is on the bum. That -Yo M. C. A. is getting all the men!", The work is supported by contributions from both the men and the miniug companies and all activities are promoted by committees of the men. 'l'his democratic plan wins the enthusiastic interest of all types of people in the community.

One mining operator has frankly described his difficulties as follows: "We realized that our own men were becoming dissatisfied, not so much over wages, but on account of the general unrest. The men would stop work A SUNDAY·SCHOOL GROUP OF MINERS' CHILDREN at our mine, and go to other mines, and we would have new men coming in to take their places, with no apparent reason. Our pay days were disgraceful. Drunkenness was common. This led to lawlessness, which, in a great many cases, resolved itself into suits and litigations, and affected to some extent all the men working at our property. Whenever the mine was idle, time hung heavy on their hands. These periods of idleness usually brought about disastrous results. It was difficult to approach the men to talk with them upon any subject, much less to reason out any difficulties. The men were apparently not interested in their work, nor performing their duties efficiently.

"The question was, how to overcome this condition. We discovered one day that our mine was idle on account of the miners and their families having gone to an adjoining town about ten miles away to see a traveling circus and a quack doctor, who was selling patent medicines and playing some sort of an instrument that attracted our employees.

"We began to realize that something had to be done for the wholesome amusement of our people in their own town. We decided to build a welfare

building. Upon closer study, we found that this plan would probably harm more than help, unless we had someone in charge of such a building, who had wide experience and knew how to handle it. It was then we turned to the Y. M. C. A. and the unq,ertaking has been a complete success ever since. The Board of Directors are the men in our employ!"

An incident that occurred not long ago in a small mining town in Oolorado indicates the influence of the Association for social and economic betterment. On pay day it had been customary to find the interest of the men centered around a couple of busy gambling tables, waiting for a chance to sit in and try their luck. As a result, in a few hours three or four men were usually in posesssion of the wages of the others. Shortly after the opening of the Association building, an old-timer who was chronically broke the day after pay day, brought his money to the secretary, requesting him to keep it for him and thus remove temptation. Many of the men are now on the way to a comfortable bank account, for pay-day gambling is no longer popu- lar, and the "Y" cares for a goodly portion of the community's earnings.

In all 'coal mining towns, the "Y" cooperates to the full with existing agencies like the churches and schools. Where there is a , Y. W. O. A. this organization serves the women and girls. Otherwise the "Y" necessarily does some of this work. In several towns the Association has secured trained nurses to give lessons in home nurs- ing and women workers have done remarkable work visiting the bomes and organizing many activities with the families.

The plan of operation in the Association is one that permits the members to take active part in the management and promotion of activities, through members' councils, which are elected annually by the members of each branch. The councils have special relations to the details of local operation, cooperating with the Oommittee of Management and General Secretary.

From the' work already accomplished, it is fair to predict a con- stantly enlarging service of the Young Men's Ohristian Association among coal miners in all parts of the United States. By enlisting the support of both employer and employee, there are created mutual understanding) good will, efficiency, happiness, and Christian character.

ACTIVITY A BLESSING We may overcome depression by serYice. It is a blessed thing to have some· thing to do. Some disaster overtakes us or a great sorrow swoops down on our spirit, and it seems as though life can have nothing in store that is desiyable. But life still has its wants, it still has its humble duties and we take them np, almost mechanically at first, but before long we find that they are medicinal.

Thank God for something to do! The depression of an active spirit fre· quently arises from enforced idleness.

USED TO DECORATE THE HOUSES OF HEATHEN IN

A Story of Changes in New Guinea BY RUSSELL ABEL, KWATO, NEW GUINEA T HIRTY years of missionary activity in southeastern New Guinea have produced great changes. The hardships and dis- appointments, the dangers and difficulties of the early days are almost forgotten when we note the encouragements of the present and the contrasts with the past.

The mission established headquarters on Kwato, in eastern New Guinea, in the year 1891. This is one of the small islands in the :Jrchipelago that reaches from the mainland far out to sea. The first step taken by the Rev. Charles W. Abel and his fellow-mission· 203

aries was to overcome the natural conditions that made Kwato uninhabitable for civilized men. First they undertook the task of filling in the. treacherous swamps that earned for this beautiful island the nickname of "death-trap." In time, these evil-smelling swamps were transformed into fields, and cricket is played where once millions of mosquitoes had bred in slimy waters. :At the same time, what once seemed to be an insurmountable drawback to the development of Kwato played its invaluable part in the development of character in Papuan youth.

There were also evil spiritual conditions that flaunted themselves on every hand. Heathen life flourished in those early days. The New Guinea people lived a life of warfare. It was a warfare without romance for it consisted of cowardly night attacks, when the houses of enemy villages were burned. Then a few of the fugitives were ~aptured and brought home in savage triumph, with shouts and warwhoops, to grace a loathsome cannibal debauch. At these times, the worst in the Papuan would dominate. Cruelties and tortures of the most revolting nature would be indulged in by men who, in ordinary times, wheu blood is cool, would appear mild and iP-oifensive.

This warfare, however, meaut hard work. Tl).e cQunter-attack must be prepared for. Ornaments, feathers, the trappiugs of war, spears, war-canoes, fortifications, all required labor. To maintain tribal prestige also meant work. Houses must be better than those of the euemies. The uncertaiutv of life and the continued tension due to the possibility of surprise ~ttack, kept life in a New Guinea village keyed up to a high pitch. Native sport took the form of sham warfare. The thrilling and dangerous boar hunts were good training for the fighting manhood of a tribe.

Amid such surroundings, Kwato was established as a beacon of light. There the Good News was proclaimed which shone forth like light in the darkness. The drum-beat by night, the whoopings and the conch-shell by day, the sounds of wailing and haranguing that came over at all times from the villages of the neighboring islands, were all tokens of the surrounding darkness. The typical noises of native life all told the story of blind superstition, of fear of malevolent spirits. Sorcery and witchcraft and all that these involved, the hard cruelty and gross immorality of village life, were thrust upon the youngest child that came under their influence.

At about the time the mission was established the British Government, with a :firm hand and an uncompromising Scotsman as Governor, effectively put a complete end to caunibalism and warfare iu south-eastern New Guiuea. Pioneer missionaries had done their share to make this possible. Some gave their lives in the attempt to open up parts of the country, but finally all explored districts were brought under control.

A complete chauge in the life of the Papuan followed. The

A STORY OF CRANGES IN NEW GUINEA

keystone of his primitive life and customs was gone, so that the rest of the structure collapsed. Hitherto his culture had been built around cannibalism and warfare. Now, within a comparatively few years, this warlike, active race, whose very existence depended upon their energy, became lazy and indolent. Their occupation was gone and they had no.thing in its place.

The climate of New Guinea is enervating, the island being only a few degrees south of the Equator. It is therefore conducive to idleness. With tribal prestige gone, there was no longer any incentive to contend against the indolence that is in the very air of a balmy tropical day. As has often occurred in other races, whose social PART OF AN AUDIENCE WHEN MR. ABEL VISITED AN OUTSTA'rION system has been shattered by the coming of the white men, the very will to live seemed to have been taken away. Aided by diseases and habits introduced by white traders the race shows signs of dying out.

Meanwhile on Kwato, a new war was being waged against these tendencies and against all the powers of darkness. Those early days saw both triumphs and defeats. Many who seemed to be rescued, were dragged back into the maelstrom of savage life that surged all around. But there were also triumphs, for men and women, once gripped by the power of God, were freed by the power of Christ. Step by step they learned to walk in the glorious liberty of a new life. Men who had been notorious as cannibals, men who were battlescarred in tribal conflicts, and whose very names had produced a feeling of terror, became followers of Jesus Christ.

One influential chief, who became a real man of God and a power for good in those scattered island-villages, was a man respected and trusted by the Government, as, indeed, he was by all. In the days before his great change he had earned and proudly worn the dwnari, that ornament, worn to show that he had far exceeded other men in his career of blood-thirstiness. But God was able to work the miracle that changed this wild man. Such was the interesting, though often crude material, that formed the foundations of the church that is still growing today at Kwato.

These early days of real struggle were followed by years of indifference on the part of the Papuan. The old .fighting spirit disappeared. The tall houses that were the pride of the village degenerated into little hovels on the beach. Men whose energy had· once given them great reputations and whose fathers had been war-I riors "!lOW spent the day chewing betel nut in the shade of young cocoanut palms.

The Gospel could not .find fertile soil in such a demoralized people. Christianity and idreness are incompatible, for the Devil easily finds occupation for listless hands. It seemed necessary to reestablish habits of industry and to provide something upon which to rebuild what had been destroyed. New industries were introduced. Young boys were taught to lov~ work for which they show natural aptitude. They were taught t6'~'play the game" ip. cricket, tennis and athletic sports which provide a healthy outlet for youthful energy. These games take the place of the degrading immorality of the feasts for the dead and the village dance, with all their accompanying evils.

Many Papuans became Christians and today each morning Kwato presents a busy scene. Boatbuilding, carpentry and printing are taught to youths who pass from the primary to the technical school. The buzz of the sawmill, as it turns great logs from the abundant virgin forests into timber, adds to the general picture of hard-working industry. Agriculture, which includes plantation work and dairy farming on scientific lines, is taught at various centers throughout the district. On the cooler hilltop schools are carried on, attended by children who come from surrounding villages. Some come in canoes and some swim the channel that separates Kwato from the large mountainous island opposite. Girls are taught needlework, basketry, weaving, cooking and domestic science. Around the district to which Kwato ministers, there are many centers where agriculture and industries are taught and from which the blessings of the Gospel radiate.

On Sundays the people come to these mission stations for worship. Their children come in during the week for school. Their sick come for treatment. Outcasts, unwanted and often left to die, .find a home and Christian love and care at these centers. At all times,

927] A STORY OF CRANGES IN NEW GUINEA

A PAPUAN BIBLE CLASS IN KWATO. NEW GUINEA in their eternal conflict with unscrupulous white men, the people fly instinctively to the Mission for help and advice.

Thus, out of the ashes of a primitive savage life, there is arising, at this transition stage in a race's history, something that will provide the Papuan with an incentive and a means to rally to the new situation thrust upon him. Christian teaching and practical industries will help him to meet the impact of white civilization.

The story of Kwato is still a story of changes. Within the last few years in America and in Great Britain some new friends have taken it upon them to pray for this work and older friends have rededicated themselves to a task of intercession. Prayer changes things both at home and on the mission field, but most visibly, perhaps, on the mission field. Hitherto the people in most parts of the district have had little time for the missionary and less for his message. Anything that has threatened in any way to disturb their routine of life they have not wanted. They cling to their old life in spite of its fear, its hopelessness and its endless appeasing of offended spirits. Christians they know lead a singled-out life, separated from the world, and as the herd instinct is strong in native psychology, they shrink from standing alone as Christians.

But all this is changing. Indifference and opposition is breaking down everywhere. There is a new hunger for something bette!'. The people are beginning to realize the emptiness of their old life. They recognize the fullness there is in the simple faith of the little Christian communities whose presence can be known by the tinkling cow-bell that echoes in the hills each evening at dusk as it calls the people together to pray and sing and worship God.

Numbers of "seekers" plead for someone to come and teach them of the New Way. '1'hey gather from many miles and wait many hours in the hope of an interview with the missionary on the rare oc- casions when he is able to visit their district. People come for miles for a service. This often means hours of climbing of steep mountain ranges. In one place they erected their own church and when at last a visit was paid them the crowds that carne in from all around were more than the church could hold. Fortu- nately the weather was fine and the service was held in the shade of a giant mango tree, with the eager listeners grouped around on the ground. Gradnally indifference has passed and is passing. Sometimes A PAPUAN CHRISTIAN EVANGELIST illness, sometimes the injustice of white men have brought the natives to the mission and the trust and confidence of a village have been gained: Even through times of disappointment and no apparent result the harvest has been ripening.

Today as we lift up our eyes to those villages dotted along the coast, those threads of smoke rising from many a foothill and telling of habitation, those inland hamlets, those patches of gardens that cover the brows of mountains that slope seaward-we realize that the fields in southeastern New Guinea, are white unto harvest. "Pray ye, therefore" not only on behalf of these waiting crowds who realize their need but also for the multitudes of the unpenetrated New Guinea, where cannibalism is still rife and unspeakable cruelty still is the order of the day. Missionaries at the front line depend upon the support in prayer of God's people at home, not only for themselves but that He will make possible the extension and increase of work which at present only reaches the fringe of the need of Christ in New Guinea.

"The Quest for God in China"

BY PROF. HARLAN P. BEACH, D.D., F.R.G.S., MADISON, NEW JERSEY Editor of the" World Missionary Atlas," Etc.

W ITHIN a few months of each other two notable volumes of lectures upon Chinese religions have been put upon the American markets; though the one with which we have to do was originally published in London. Dr. Stewart's" Chinese Culture and Christianity" is somewhat fuller and also more popularly written, though it does not have behind it the longer experience in dealing with Chinese religionists found in Mr. 0 'Neill's volume, nor has it the same degree of Chinese scholarship underlying it that we see in the latter series -of lectures. Though Dr. Stewart has in his title the name of Christianity, it is not at all emphasized in the book itself; whereas in Mr. O'Neill's volume, there is evident a real "quest for God" even in the midst of superstitions and mere ethics. Space limitations do not permit further comparisons between these two worthy productions of scholarly authors, both of whose works are well worth a careful reading.

The Rev. F. W. S. O'Neill, the author of our volume, went to Manchuria on China's northeastern border in 1897. 'Since that time he has both wrought as a missionary and has studied the religious backgrounds of his great task in a manner worthy of his predecessor in the United Irish and Scotch Mission, the late Dr. John Ross, author of "The Original Religion of China." With this fine record of twenty-eight years' service and accomplishment, coming from his parish 13,000 miles in extent, with its half a million inhabitants whose religious beliefs and life he had come to know so well, it was most fitting that the General Assembly of the Irish Presbyterian Church should have availed itself of a furlough and appointed him to deliver before Belfast Presbyterian College this excellent portrayal and interpretation of the varied faiths of China.

What was originally intended for theological students may also appeal to the wider public represented in the REVIEW. The author's aim "has been to combine the concrete with the abstract, personal impressions and facts of observation, along with borrowings from experts in these fairly well-explored domains, so that as far as possible the outlines of a living picture may be presented and the interest of the general reader secured."

After a chapter on the meaning of religion and its place in the mind and heart of man, Mr. O'Neill allures us of the feverish West by the title of his next lecture, "How to Attain Peace-Ancient Taoism and Quietism." A Taoist feast in a great Mukden temple introduces the discussion. A hungry group of Taoists sat silently 209 l4

before steaming bowls of millet and greens until they were cold while acts of worship were going on and an acolyte was giving thanks by carrying a small cup of millet to present to the kitchen god. Then follow the main teachings of the shortest religious canon Te of the world, Lao Tzu's Tao Ching, about half the length of St.

Mark's GospeL It is a glorification of Tao-Reason, ~Way, or ,Vord, more strictly speaking, like the Logos of St. John 1: 1. Mysterious as the Canon is, from its ambiguous characters, men have found in all ages the murmuring of cosmic impulse, elan vital, "the nameless living Source of all that passed the stage." It gained wonderful literary increments from one of China's most elegant writers, Chuang Tzu, Taoism's Plato. It also claimed the close attention of all Chinese aspirants for office who in early centuries were obliged to pass examination upon this classic of Lao Tzu; and alternately it was admired and forbidden until in our own day, Admiral Tsai Ting-kan has condensed his studies of fifteen years into a remarkable commentary. The choice selections from Ohuang Tzu (found on pp. 46-47) show what readers of out-of-the-way Chinese literature may often find. 'We are not asked to lose our interest in this faith by its later history of the search for the elixir of life and for immortality and its gross superstitions but are finally reminded of Taoist" mysticism, with appraisals of mysticism by such authorities as Evelyn Underhill, though Lao Tzu would supply that author with a mysticism hard to be understood.

Then follows a chapter that students do not find duplicated in the regular treatises on Chinese religions, devoted to "The Open Oourt-a Modern Spiritualist Society." It is prefaced by a toilsome ascent over seven thousand steps to the summit of T 'ai Shan, more than a mile above sea-level, where the Emperor Shun, nearly 800 years before Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt, ascended to offer sacrifices to God and to mountains and rivers. Here is a shrine to YU Huang Shang Ti, Pearly Emperor God, whose throne is in the North Star, with its most sacred earthly shrine on this mountain top, where worship has been offered to various deities for more than four thousand years. A Oonfucian temple is also found on this summit, but compared with the Taoist deity, the Sage is neglected by the thousands of pilgrims. Nowhere else in the world do so many climb so high for God. This popular quest for the Divine is far different from that found in what O'Neill translates as "The Open Oourt," the Tao Yuan, literally" Oourtyard of the Way. " This modern form of Taoist development flourishes most in northern centers. Its thought and ritual gather about "The North Pole True Scripture," a canon given a Ohinese army officer in 1920 as dictated through a planchette writing on sand by the Great First Oause. From Tsinan F'u, province of Shantung, where the revelation was thus given, the Open Oourt and its Scriptures

19271 "'rUE QUEST FOR GOD TN CHINA"

have spread well over Uhina, carrying among other teachings these two: The intellectual basis is a combination or Five Religions, Taoism, Christianity, Buddhism, Mohammedanism and Confucianism, the founders of which are to be worshipped, along with the Gods, Saints and Buddhas of the whole world.

Above all, the one Divine Being to whom worship is due is "He who was from t1}e Beginning, the Most Holy Primeval Ancestor."

Generally speaking this school of rraoism holds that "the cultivation of the inner life consists in meditation, to purify the heart and moderate the passions, while the cultivation of its outward expression consists in philanthropic work, teaching and feeding the hungry being alike in importance. God is considered to be the Boundless Spirit, the Primal Source of Life, but is not to be regarded under such human designations as father or king." Although the Tao Yuan combines the five chief religions, we are told that "it does not create a new religion, for all these faiths spring from the Great Prinieval Tao." In its philanthropic section it is called" The Red Swastika Society," concerning which our author says: In China this ancient symbol is not the mark of opposition to the Cross. Happily it stands for nothing less honorable than a rivalry in good works, and as such we welcome the raising of the banner of the Red Swastika.

In "The Basis of Conservatism-Confucianism" Mr. O'Neill takes up what has been for more than 2,300 years the most influential religion of China, the ethics and political teachings of "The 1'hroneless King of China. " We do not wholly agree with 0 'Neill in his statement that "the Chinese are, and always have been, profoundly secular, as the Indians are, and always have been, profoundly religious." Yet it is true that Confucianism has been dominantly secular since the early period when its religion was so prominent in the sections of the Book of History previous to the chronicles of the Ohou Dynasty, 1122 B. O. This view of religion our author then proceeds to illustrate through quotations showing Chinese ideas of God, the following Ode being a sample: How great is God, The ruler of men below! How arrayed in terrors is God! Yet His will is often disregarded. God created the myriad people, Yet His ordinances are not relied upon. All men are good at birth, But not many remain so to the end.

From that earlier period we pass on to the age of ChuHsi, the greatest of Confucian commentators, who in our twelfth century so explained the earlier views that God evanishes into Law and Air, or as we might say, into Force and Matter, making Oonfucianism

strongly matedalistic. We wish that here our author had given his readers the gist of Dr. Bruce's estimate in "Ohu Hsi and His Masters. " But Mr. 0 'Neill proceeds to give a vivid sketch of the great Oonfucius. He also quotes a Ohristian Ohinese scholar who makes the famous word jen, often translated benevolence, to mean love, urging that "the aim of Oonfucius for the individual is to be an incarnation of Love, and for society to live the normal life." On page 93 we find the famous sorites of Oonfucius-traditionally attributed to him at least-in which the" Great Learning" teaches that the cultivation of the person should be one of the central objects of education, so that "throughout the country in the Government Schools of today a regular subject of study is the cUftivation of the person, the building up of the life, or as we should put it, the science of moral conduct." The chapter in its eulogy of the great Sage (page 95) and in its closing paragraph shows what this conservatism contains. "What is humanity~" was a question put to the Master whom Ohina has chosen for two millenniums to follow. The Master answered', "To love men." "vVhat is knowledge~" The Master said, "To know men." And finally the climax of his doctrine, a seed of eternal truth, is the saying of Oonfucius, "He who desires to kuow men must of necessity first know God. "

Enrly Buddhism or "Deliverance for All," next follows with its winsome story of Buddha's early life and his later teachings when he had attained enlightenment under the famous Bo tree of Buddha Gaya. 0 'Neill holds that his great attraction for men came from his becoming a beggar from being an aristocrat-though hardly "renouncing a throne," as we here read. And he quotes a beautiful sentence or two from Professor Hopkins, beginning with, "N0 man ever lived so godless yet so godlike." He closes with this statement in reply to those who regard his eulogy of Buddha as derogatory to Ohrist: "Let us bring our doubt to the King Himself, and along with the doubt bring Gotama. Oan we suppose for an instant that Jesus Ohrist would not rejoice to welcome a forerunner, so intent upon the highest as the Prince of the Sakyas ~ Surely we have not so learned Ohrist, who counted it not a thing to be grasped at to be on an equality with God but emptied Himself, becoming obedient unto death. Rather do we hear Him uttering His glad commendation: 'Well done, good and faithful servant; enter into the joy of thy Lord.' "

But it is not the historical Buddha who is the main attraction for Ohinese and Japanese Buddhists-in this chapter Japanese views as well as those of the Ohinese are described-it is rather that the dying hopes of millions of believers are turned toward the Pure Land, the 'Vestern Paradise, where Amida Buddha and his associate Kuan Yin, the Merciful, stand ready to receive the dying into an eternal bliss, mainly material in nature, but diametrically opposed

1927J "THE QUES'l' l'OR GOD IN rJHINA"

to the sensual Paradiso of Mohammed. 0 'Neill does not attempt to explain this paradise from the endless mazes of the 1,662 volumes of the Mahyana writings, but he does quote two. One is "The Awakening of Faith," the translation of which by Dr. Timothy Richard makes Buddhism a second Christian Gospel, and which o 'Neill rightly relegates to a different category because of Dr. Rich- ard's manifest reading into the classic Christian views not at all justified by the text itself. The merciful goddess of Buddhism, known in China as "Kuan Yin" and in Japan as "Kuannon" is to devout Buddhists what the Virgin Mary is to Roman Catholics. Her full name is "the All Compassionate, Uncreated Saviour, the Royal Budhisat who hears the cries of the world." The faces of sailors and of childless-especially sonless-women turn to her always, but at death both she and Amida are pictured on the brink of the tVestern Paradise ready to welcome souls to their presence, saved by "trust in that Buddha's abounding might and pity, and through faithful repetitions of his holy name." Most interesting interviews' of the author with leading Buddhists close this discussion; but an added chapter describes recent movements within Chinese Buddhism, fostered by a publication entitled "The Sound of the Tide," and by the leadership of Judge Mei and the main propagandist, Tai Hsii, a learned and saintly monk. Its association, called" The Perfect Enlightenment Association," has the following purpose: "To propagate the essence of Mahayana Buddhism, so that the wicked may be led to loving kindness, the selfish into righteousness, the wise to rejoice in truth, the strong to love of virtue; and to transform this warworn suffering world into a place of peace and happiness. "

Mohammedanism in China is of little importance and is treated in a brief yet informing chapter. Chapter X on "The New Thought Tide-Some Recent Religious Movements" is very illuminating. Variously named-" The New Civilization Movement, " "The Chinese Renaissance"-they all have as their purpose "a critical examination of the cultural inheritance and institutions of the past, with a view to reconstruction in every department of human activity." They all write in large letters 1VHy7 over all the thinking of New China's scholars.

o'Neill's two final chapters, "From Dependence to Leadership- Christianity in China" and" The Message of the West to the East" are excellent,thbugh little as to Chinese religions is found in them. A real religious and ethical awakening in the newest and most populous republic of the world is taking place. As the author urges, leadership of the highest and truest sort is demanded from the Chinese Church and its sisters of all Christian nations, and especially from America. Now is not the time for retreat, but for a strong and determined advance.

Unknown Chinese Christian*

BY ROBERT GILLIES, KIANGClfOW, SHANTUNG T HE city of Kiang'chow, ShantuIlg', was placarded from end to end. We counted forty-seven varieties. "The Sins of Brit- ain" were vividly depicted in flaming pictorials. "How to boycott the foreigner" was set forth in colored diagrams. Even the Girls' Primary scholars had a "manifesto" describing the conditions of lahor in far-away Shanghai, and pleading for their sisters groaning under the iron heel of the oppressor.

The air had resounded with curses—-{Jurses on Britain, curses on foreigners generally, and ridicule for the missionaries. The school boys had held mass meetings, and sectional open-air demonstrations, also processions. But the soldiers kept on drilling, indifferent to the student agitation.

The long day had closed, and the night was fiercely hot. On the flat roof one might perhaps feel the flicker, should a cooler breeze sweep over the dusty drill ground near by. The other workers had gone to the hills at last, after scares and delays, and I was alone.

Night in a city awakens thoughts of the'spiritual darkness of mankind. To a Christian worker in a heathen land the night watches bring an oppression unknown in Christian lands., …

Half a century of missionary work had that city seen. Names honored in missionary biography came to mind, and Christians who had won the martyr's crown had labored in the place. And yet by the church, the school, and the hospital buildings, dimly silhoutted in the starlight, problems rather than recent successes were suggested.

The anti-foreign element inside (as well as without) the Church; popular patriotism crowding out personal piety in the message delivered; and the lives lived by leaders-so many puffed up by knowledge, and useless to the wayfaring and ignorant; the backsliders and the crowd, always learning yet never coming to the knowledge of the truth!

There came a great stillness in the air. The city had gone to sleep …… but no! There was a voice steadily speaking. On the mound near by, a crowd of boys had last week screamed themselves hoarse cursing the foreigners. Were they at it again, or scheming' some night demonstration1 Then the voice became audible. It was evidently away toward the city wall, out on the waste land near the soldiers' temple, and the words came with intermittent distinctness- "All sinners: Adam the first man, …… born in sin, needing salvation. "

*The Oh1'istian, London, January 6, 1927. 214 I listened to the Old, Old Story, told anew with force. The voice sounded out louder and plainer: "Jesus has died for you ….. . •Jesus can save."

Who was the speaker? It was not the deacon's cultured voice. Nor was it the evangelist. It was an unfamiliar voice. There could be no doubt that his audience were giving attention. The warmth of his outflow was not such as unwilling hearers would call forth.

It was an unfamiliar voice. This was" the unknown Ohristian." …… God bless him! They were unknown listeners ……. God bless them!

Far off, near the central drum tower, the night gong clanged. The watchmen were off on their next round. "Vatchman! what of the night 1 The morning cometh." And the King'dom of God cometh not with outward show (Luke 17: 20, marg).

I went to my room that night with a burden lifted. God was stiU using the "unknown Ohristians," not alone the leaders in the limelight.

The Old, Old Story in Turkey H AIDAR PASHA is a suburb of Constantinople, where wealthy merchants live. In the cool summer evenings the Turkish ladies love to emerge from their harems and gather on the roofs to chat, sing, and play stringed instruments. One evening, after one of the missionary ladies was in bed, she heard a Turkish lady on a neighboring roof strum on the guitar and begin to sing in a rich contralto voice. Her English was perfect, and she was singing, "Tell Me the Old, Old Story. " Tbe missionary hastily slipped on bel' dressing gown, and walked out on her roof, whence she could just discern tbe neighboring Turkish ladies.

"That is a Christian hymn you have been singing, madam," she said, hardly expecting an answer, for it is against rrurkish custom for a woman to uncover her face or to speak to one of another faith.

"Yes," she replied in soft tones. "Are you, then, of the Cbristian faith?" "N0," sbe said, "I am a Mobammedan; but I love some of your hymns." The missionary bade her good-night, but the next day sbe wrapped up a small New Testament and tossed it on the roof of the women '8 residence. Some montbs afterward, she found the following letter on bel' roof: "I found tbe Bible which you threw on my roof, and offer you my thanks. I have read it many times and love it. The reading about Jesus Christ has melted my heart. I am compelled to be a secret Christian as we cannot do what we would here; but I am sure Jesus understands and knows that I intend to worship Him.

-Adieu, AZAlDE."

Christ Means to

BY A KOREAN STUDENT IN SEOUL F IRST, I give praise to the greatness and glory of my Lord who delivered me out of my sin and made me able to write this confession. Amen. I believe that Jesus Christ is the Saviour of all people. The Bible shows us that man, who was submitted to the horrible power of death and subject to destruction, received the life and light again through Christ. Every Christian experiences the new life and light. As for me, Christ is my two-fold Saviour. Christ saved me not once only, which he did completely, but two or three times.

Formerly, I had a mental agony which nobody else knew and a serious illness which could not be remedied by medical treatment. I had no hope and everything was discouraging to me. For many years, I was roving about in the dreary valley of grief and despair, always heaving deep sighs. I had nothing to do but wait for my last day on which I was destined to die. My blood was drying up day by day and my flesh was getting thinner and thinner. Sometimes, I got to such an extreme that I thought I would escape from the pains by committing suicide r Who could save me out of my anguish 1 But, joy to me r Christ pitied me. As soon as I saw the light of Christianity, the anguish with which I was writhing day and night, changed into joy and the illness which used to discourage me so much became a whip to drive me to live a better life. All the things which dazzled me helped me to understand the mysterious great IVill. From that day on, I began to run toward Christ. The nearer I get to him step by step, the more joy and peace I receive. Since He saved me from death and disappointment, He is not only my Lord of atonement, but also the Lord of my joy, hope, and health.

I had many defects in my character and was wide open to sinful temptations. After Christ came to me, He daily changed the defects and supplemented the lacks and made me strong enough to get away from enticements to evil. If I have any good trait in my character or enjoy the pleasure of a victor, lowe every thing to my Lord. Christ is my victory and my character. Christ is my goal and the focus of my fervent hope.

BY A KOREAN PASTOR Christ is my Saviour: He not only made me exist but He protects me, teaches me, warns me against evil, atones for my sin and prepares a place in Heaven for me. Christ is the nearest one to me. He pitied us who were wandering- like a shepherdless flock and incarnated Himself in human form to preach the Gospel and establish His religion in the world, telling His disciples to preach "unto the end of the 216 world." Therefore, I, who was a sinner, believe in Him now and am saved. Since Christ is the foundation of my salvation, how intimate is His relation to me! Since Christianity led me to acquire the great salvation, how great is that relation to mel I can say much as to this relation, but to sum up in one word, "It is life."

BY A THEOLOGICAL STUDENT Jesus Christ called me, a great sinner, and inspired me with the mighty power of the Bible to make me a Christian.

1. My Position Changed. Previously, although I was a formal Christian, my mind still adhered to worldly things and no mental ehange occurred. I did not repent of my sins nor accept Christ as my Saviour. I did not have any standard of living and suffered a great deal of mental disturbance. Then Christ came along and ehanged my position, first of all, to make me one of His disciples. At the time of the Korean Independence Movement, I was put into a prison where I was converted to a real Christian by reading His Word, which was the only source of comfort there, even though I had read the Confucian classics and the Buddhist doctrines. While in pri[3on, I decided to enter the ministry as soon as I got out. I did not enter it and wanted to do His work in a different way but, later on God showed me that that was not what He wanted, by leading me to another crisis.

2. My Mind Changed. While I was working for the church, with a mind not repentant, I found that although the church members had confidence in me, I had a sin growing up in my mind, unknown to others. God warned me of this by a serious illness. I had an operation and the doctor told me that there was no hope of recovery. I read the Bible again and again, finding comfort from it, and I thought of my sins and repented or them. I entrusted all my future to Him. After a month, I left the hospital and entered the Theological Seminary.

3. The Ideal of Life Changed. My first idea of entering Seminary was to strengthen my faith so that I could be saved. But during the last three years, as I have come into closer contact with Him, He changed that idea and I realized that I must preach Gospel and testify as to my personal Christian experiences.

First Christ isolated me from the world in which I was interested; second, He showed roe His abundant Grace and made me turn my feet toward Him; third, He taught me that the ideal of life is to bring sinners to Christ. These are the ways which our Lord used with His disciples. He is doing the same thing in winning His disciples throughout the ages. The Bible is not a mere historical text, but a living Word, always workinl5 and revealing the ·truth in the mind of every Christian.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME Joint Committees with Home MISSIONS Missions Council Officer. Joint Administrative-Dr. C. L. White. Alaska-Mrs. Katherine S. Westfall. President-Mrs. John Ferguson, United Churoh Building-Mr. A. F. Wickes. Presbyterian. City and Urban Indust>'ial .Relations-Dr.

Viee·President-at-Large-Mrs. F. W. Wil- W. P. Shriver. cox, Congregational. Hebrews-Dr. John S. Conning. Indian Missions- V ice- Presidents- Litemt1.re-l!iss Sara Estelle Haskin. Migrant Groups-Rev. Ralph S. Adams. Miss Nannie H. Burroughs, National Bap- Mormonism–R{)v. Glaton S. Rice. Negro Americans-Dr. George R. Hovey. tist. New Americans-Mrs. D. E. Waid. Orientars and Hawaiians-Dr. G. W. Hin- Mrs. AtheUa M. Howsare, (}hristian. man. Miss Daisy June T'rout, Disciples of Publicity-Rev. Coe Hayne·. Recruitin.q- Christ. Spani..h-spea"king People in the United Mrs. J. S. Stamm, Evangelical. State.•- Standardization of Home "Mis8ionary Sen'- Miss Grace Lindley, Protestant Episcopal. icp- Mrs. C. E. Vickers, Friemls. TOlcn and Country (irwruding Mountaineers) Miss Amdi~ D. Kemp, Lutheran. Dr. Malcolm Dana.

Mrs. M. L. Copeland, Colored Methodist Cmn.iiy (.<pecialj-Rev. H. N. Morse.

Episcopal. Executives Mrs. M<try I,. Coleman, Free Methodist. E:recutil'e Secretary-Miss Florence E. Quinlan. Mrs. May Leonard Woodruff, Methodist E:recutive Supervisor, Farm anit Cannery Episcopal. Migrants-Miss Laura H. Parker.

Mrs. J. "V. Downs, ~fcthollist Episcopal, Office Secretary and Assiiltant to Supervisor -Miss Edith E. Lowry. South. Western Slipervisor, Farm and CannerJj Mrs. A. P. Badger, Methodist Protestant. Migrn.nt.<-Miss Adela J. Ballard.

~Mrs. W. C. Winshorough, Presbyterian ;n Assistant Treasurer-Miss G. Evelyn Morse.

the U. S.

Mrs. Fred S. Bennett, Presbyterian in the U. S. A. .

Mrs. Taber Knox, Reformed in America.

Miss Alice E. Bell, United Brethren_ Miss Bessie MacMurchy, Presbyterian, Canada.

"Mrs. Colin G. Young, United, Canada.

'V. ReccH'ding Secretul'1J-Mrs. Edwin Lentz, Reformed in the U. S.

Treasurer-Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, Northern WORLD PILGRIMAGE OF PRAYER Baptist. As we approach the annual Day of Members-a.t-La.rge Prayer for lIissions one can not but he t'hrilled with anticipation. for this I1Irs. George W. Coleman, Mrs. W. H. C. :,<-ear for the first time the Christian Goode, Mrs. D. E. Waid.

CommHtees and Ohairmen women and girls of all lands are unit- ing in prayer for the work of Christ Admini"tmtive-:Irs. •Tohn Ferguson, all around the world. Chautauqua–Mrs. •Tohn Ferguson. Conferences ana Sc1lO0!S of Missions-Mrs. Tt will be literally trne on lfarch 4th that "from the rising of the slln Philip M. Hossman. unto the going' down of the same, the TJord's name is to be praised." As Day of Pracller for 'Missions–Mrs. S. S. the earth begins her journey around the sun on that day. grollps of women Hough. and girls, and men, too, in ,Tapan, Farm ann, Cannery Migrants-Mrs. Kenneth Korea ann China and all the Orient will be wending their way to the D. Miller. trysting place. North and South Legislative Mattors-if1-s. Samnel Semple. Sf'udent Work-Miss Muriel Day. StUll" Courses and Literature-Miss E.

Je~sie Ogg. Women '8 Church a·n,l Missionary Federa- tions-J.Iiss Carrie M. Kerschner.

218 America will follow, also the IslandH OUR PART and Europe, Africa and Asia, until the world shall be encircled with a Oh what if tho one we ha vc failed to uphold garment of praise and prayer. By the prayers that we did not pray, You who read these lines will Should fall in defeat at the battle '8 front, surely want to join this pilgrimage. Or falter along life's way~ Those who have been observing this interdenominational Day of Prayer Do vou think the fault would be wholly in North America have found it to be • theirs one of the most enriching experiences of the year. We earnestly urge the If, weary and sick at heart, . women and girls of all races, whether They failed to render some servIce true in city, town or country, to unite in the observance. When we did not do our part f To what extent are our girls and -LILL,IAN M. WEEKS. young women sharing in the plans and privileges of the Day of Prayer A SPEAKERS' BUREAU for Missions? Are they definitely organized for interdenominational co- Clevela.nd Federa.tion of Cl1.urch operation 1 During the day many are employ.ed in industry or are in Women school. We recommend, therefore, that in every community a special By GERTRUDE CODY WHEATO~ meeting for girls be held in the evening. Chairman, Speakers' Bureau, Cleveland What an opportunity to bring to " You are missionaries, going out them-our successors of ten, fifteen to be speakers for God. You are or twenty years hence-new vis~ons missionaries. You must remember of unitv, new inspirations for serVIce! that. You are going to win other;; They need to feel the thrill of com- to love the knowledge of the Kingdom radeship in this vast army of womer, of God." from all the great Protestant communions, united in the fellowship of The speaker was chairman of the prayer. Nothing will prepare them 'Woman's Department of the Federmore adequately for those broader ated Churches of Cleveland. The conceptions of our common task; occasion was a luncheon given at the nothing will develop in them more home of one of the women, where fifty splendidly that catholic sympathy interdenominational lay women were and that sense of interdenominational invited to come to discuss their compartnership which are the marks of mon problems as speakers. The this new day in missions. standard which was set for these women was, "Freely ye have re- There i8 a place upon some distant shore ceived, freely give."

Where thou canst send the wOl"ker or the Missionary information, missionary enthusiasm, missionary attitude have Word; been given to them and they are go- ing forth to give to others in mission- There is a place where God's resi8tkss ary societies, forums, Sunday-schools, settlements, schools, clubs and other power gatherings. In this group almost every denomination is represented: Responsive mores to thine insistent plea; Presbyterian, Lutheran, U nit e d Brethren, Congregational, Evangeli- There is a place, a simple trysting place, cal, Methodist, Baptist, Disciples, Episcopal, Reformed, United Pres- Where God Himself descends and fights byterian.

for thee. Each speaker chooses the subject8 on which she has the most enthusiasm Where is that blesser] place f Dost thou ask and information and then finds the most attractive titles for her talks. whc]"e~ A subject such as "A Moslem Mother's Plea" is given as a mono- o soul, it is the secret place of prayer. logue, the speaker wearing Moham- medan costume. Another subject, -Selected. needed in a city of unusual race problems, is "Contributions of the

Negro Race." In connection with discussion was that no charges in any this arrangements have been made so way are made. Our services are free.

that a group of Negro singers may Those who are mothers are told they be secured to follow the speech on may request two dollars to cover the their race with beautiful Negro spir- expense of care for their children ituals and they themselves tell how while they are absent from home.

their songs grew and came into be- Otherwise no fee is received. A num- ing. Another subject, very popular ber of times a check for five or ten this year, is "The Story of Moham- dollars has been given to a speaker med, " an excellent introduction to and she has given it back to the chair- the study of the foreign textbook. man for the missionary collection an.l Impersonations are very popular, and to help meet the society's own ap- among them are the "Four Minute portionment.

Tuck-ins," printed by Board of Mis- Some of our speakers have traveled sionary Cooperation, Northern Bap- and actually seen the fields they pre- tist Convention, recited as though the sent under such titles as "South speaker were an immigrant still America as a Church Woman Saw wearing her native costume. One It," "Porto Rico and .Our Island woman chose the .subject, "Why Men Possessions as Seen By a Lay Woman Should Study Missions." She feels Worker," "Our Indians of the that women have had a monopoly on Northwest," "Why I Love the Mounthe study books long enough so she tain People." is out urging the women to start Men's Missionary Forums where the Occasionally we have furlougheel men study the mission books and missionaries iu our midst and, of bring the results of their work to a course, precedence is given them mixed group of men and women. when calls come in. For two year8 Other women give introductions to one person received all calls for the the study books of the year in such Bureau but the demand has grown a way as to stimulate interest and so that four women receive calls and open the minds of church people to recommend speakers. When the the possibility of adult education chairman was asked how she got her along mission study lines. ~peakers, she quickly replied, "I grab them. " As soon as she hears that a The chairman urges the speakers to use stereopticon, costumes, pic- woman has returned from a trip or tures, story-telling, exhibits and in has become especially interested in every way to make their subjects as some phase of home or foreign mis· attractive as possible so that a pattern and example can be set to the sionary work, she goes to call on her group on the way they can develop and ask her to serve as s-peaker their own programs using their own through the Bureau. If she has an talent. Speakers are told to make interesting subject and a pleasing suggestions for further study. One way of presentation she may receive many calls.

instruction is: "Place in the hands This Bureau is receiving hundreds of the program chairman some of the of calls and is continually adding interdenominational literature, books, more· s-peakers to the list, which aland sources of information on where ready numbers sixty. If further in- books can be found to stimulate adult formation" is desired. write The Fed- edueation on the knowledge of the erated Churches, 701 Hippodrome Kingdom of God." Building, Cleveland, Ohio.

On the day of our luncheon thc If women work together interde- speakers had a keen discussion on the nominationally they soon think to- subject, "Shall we charge a fee for vether and a wav is paved wherebv our services?" The result of that denominational lines are minimized.

Woman's Foreign~Mission

EDITED BY MISS ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 25 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY THE MILWAUKEE STUDENT 1. The Accessibility of God-Can we come into personal fellowship with God, and CONFERENCE how~ The Milwaukee Conference called together 2,500 students during their 2. The Universality of God-What does Christmas holidays. They came from it mean to believe in a God who is Father all over the country to confer for four of all mankind ~ days upon the fundamentals of life. :1. The Love of God and Divine Possibil- ities of Human Life.

4_ The Meaning of the Cross.

'rhe Council of Christian Associations '1'he Reverend G. A. Studdert-Kenfclt that the time was ripe for a nedy of London made a great contrifrank, fearless examination of the bution to the conference through his facts of our modern civilization in rc- personality and message. He conlation to "The Resources of Jesus for ducted all the worship periods and the Life of, Our World." gave the deep message of the Cross.

There was no attempt to deal with Although this conference was not theological questions about Jesus, but sct up to deal specifically with the rather to emphasize living as Jesus missionary enterprise it could not lived so that we may find the best life avoid its implications or its history.

a8 He found it in His day. Several times it was brought out how Eminent scientists were brought to nationalism and unethical conduct ~how that it is possible to believe both between nations were putting up a in God and in science. Leading phi- wall against foreign missions. The losophers were there to tell how we generation preceding this got its can believe in modern philosophy great dynamic through the foreign without losing hold of religion. Ex- missionary appeal to expatriate one:s perts on social hygiene and leaders Relf, but it created the task for thIS in industrial relationships, the psy- generation, namely, to Christianize chologist, the mystic and the man of the so-called Christian nations.

prayer, were all there to pour out Said Howard Thurman, "I cannot from platform, informal group, con- be the kind of person I ought to be ferences and personal interviews, till every other is the kind he ought their experience of the reality of God. to be. The lost needs me and·1 need The heart of the conference was ex- the lost, so that we know today in a pected to be felt in the daily discus- new way that there is an essential sion groups of which there were fifty kinship of all people in the world.

or more under trained leaders. But "What the Church tries to say to g-reat dissatisfaction was felt at this men about salvation is that God needs point for only about half the groups them and can never be what He were found to be getting anywhere. hungers to be in His world till all be- The real heart of the conference come sons. There is something each seemed rather to be felt in those in- has to say to me that cannot come till formal groups about the leaders in He says k I go to the mission field the afternoons. Here each student because He has something for me and conld choose the expert he felt could I release His bonds through hospitals help him most in his own problems and schools and churches, that He of mind and spirit. may give to the world what He has to The Resources of Jesus for the Life give_ "

of Our World were divided into four Said Dr. Charles Gilkey: "The cycles: real motive power of the foreign mis- 221

'rIlE "NrrSS[Q~ARY RBVHJW OF THE W:ORLD

sionary came straight from Christ. tile j;'athcr God exists at all! l'hc His superiority complex was his bag- major effort of the Christian Church gage. But if today the motive is left in this generation must be to capture behind, we shall find Christianity it- the national will of Christian coun- self is left behind!" tries. But the Christian Church is Dr. Timothy Lew of Peking gave split into two hundred denominations.

five points on How Christians Made Only one thing will bring us together it Difficult for the World to Believe -a' program so big we cannot do it in Christ: Failure of Christians to alone! live what they profess to believe; su- 'l'here were three other things in perficiality and halfheartedness in the conference which contributed to practicing the precepts; wrong atti- the misf!ionary consciousness. There tude of superiority towards those they was a beautiful pageant called "The help; failure to keep their motives Quest for Trllth" which depicted the pure-exploitation; failure to carry worship of all ages and nations in out the principle of love and unity their mutual search for God.

among themselves-Christian Church Also there was a very fine Exhibit torn by divisions. containing sixteen booths, several of President Mordecai Johnston, of which were filled with illustrations of Howard University, said that race the outreach of students and churches antagonism is a world problem and a and associations into foreign lands. moral problem. It is keener today But of all, the International Teas than ever because of economic and each afternoon brought us closest to- imperial domination of Western O~'"hcothewr ewreitwh itthheu1s50frofmore3i2gncosutundtreinetss. nations. All men want freedom from political domination. They want edll- So graceful were these hostesses in cation to fit them for a world, and their native costumes and entertain- they need self-respect and fundamen- ment of song and instrument, that a tal fellowship with all mankind. It particular glow of fellowship came would be the glory of ,Vestern from that room. nations to give it quickly while it can In closing I should like to say that be given. the Negro delegates to Milwaukee He said that Christianity has a were ideally a part of the student program for other peoples. It iR body. There was natural participaradical; it grows out of thc Father- tion aml fellowship throughout, and hood of God. "Be careful how yon some of the biggest debts we owe are crush men's wills-for every in- to their leaders who spoke to the condividual is a son of God." On every inter-r~cial front in tIle world Chris- ference.

tianity has such representatives. Er,IZABETH COLE FLEMING.

They have given to the world the THE CONFERENCE THROUGH finest exposition of power in losing INDIAN EYES life. But the quantity of what they By KAlIfAL ARLIOK have done is so small, and the paee i~ A Student from Isabella Thoburn College, so slow compared to the economic and Lucknow, India political exploitation that the total This was my first experience of a effect is an antagonism. The total large conference. I heard that three effect is small as it is because they thousand students were going to at- have not received f!llfficient support tE'ud it. The number meant little to from the home base. me till I was actually seated in a sec- The result is Christianity has lived tion of tIle Milwaukee Auditorium.

on the enthusiasm of missionaries. Prom here I looked all around and For the reality of their faith in world saw every state of the Union repre- sonship they have dared everything. st'uted. How we ever got registered But we at home, who have dared or went through all the red tape was nothing, stand in need of proof that a puzzle. What made these three

·1927] 'vmlAN'S PORElGN lUSSION BULLETIN

thousand students give up a part of of God'8 ulliversal fatherhood in the their Christmas vacation and convene rt'lations of races.

at such a remote spot ~ A safe reply ,. The Divine Possibilities of Human may be found. The student mind ii; Life" was the topic of the third cycle.

sensitive and alert and has been grow- What did Jesus think and say about ing impatient to play a part in the our possibilities f Do we deny these moulding of its great nation. The possibilities in ourselves as well as problems which have risen in thi~ others? What are our potentialities f land have been intricate. The deal- '1'he fearless and frank opinions ex- ings of this great land are being con- pressed by students showed that stantly denounced as unchristian. American students were not dying The students of today will control the from the so-called "materialized civi- world of tomorrow. 'I'hey must do lization. " '1'he most vital question something to remove any such stigma discussed in all groups was that of from their motherland. race relations. The solution was right What could have been a bettt·r there-the changed attitude of stutheme than the one chosen for the dents on the various campuses after whole conference? Jesus was the OIle the conference was over. What could man who could give them solutionH. be more practical and more difficult What resources did Jesus have for bnt not impossible? Of course there life in our' world? The first cycle are always severe criticisms and even consisted of the vital problem which ostracism, but was not Jesus Himself perplexes the youth of today-Can ostracised f God Be Accessible and How~" Dr. The outside world thinks we were Niebuhr of Detroit dealt with the over-zealous and carried away by our problem of "Practical Unbelief of hastily conceived notions on politics and race problems. Whatever the Modern Civilization. " Dr. Coffin case may be the passing of resolutions showed "How Jesus Found ]lellow- is a hare framework in the air and ship with God." Still more inspiring would remain there unless student was the personal testimony of Howard effort expressed itself in creative ac- Thurman-" In Finding God." The tivitv. devotional periods led by Dr. G. A. A~ a student from the Orient therc Studdert-Kennedy of England were are many great values which I rerefreshing. He very clearly pointed ceived from this conference. The very fact that there were students out that God was accessible even from almost eYery country of the through modern science. globe bears testimony to the fact of the brotherhood of man and Father- The second cycle centered around hood of God. The many contacts "God as a ]'ather of All Mankind." which we made with each other At this time we were all too con- opened up many problems which were scious of our idiosyncrasies and prej- udices. 'rhe addresses were challenges common to us all. By discussing thrown open to followers of Christ. these problems we often got a dif- Were we worthy of being called God '8 ferent viewpoint. Was not this a children? Dr. Gilkey showed Jesus' broadening experience in our lives? conception of God as Father of alL These contacts make us more sym· Dr. Timothy T. Lew of China pointed pathetic, less prejudiced, less se1£- out real truths that some Christians conceited. In this gathering I found were making it difficult for the world sohltions for the diverse problems of to believe in Christ. Kirby Page and untouchability, caste prejudices and Mordecai Johnston struck bed rock religious intolerance existing in my when speaking about the significance own country.

FROM l1fANY

LATIN AMERICA long procession of girls on their way The Bible in Mexico to church is an inspiration."

CIRCUIJATION of the Bible in The "Old, Old Story" in Peru Mexico has not been decreased by the religious disturbances and the en- MISS STANHOPE, a Christian forcement of the articles of the con- and Missionary Alliance worker stitution relating to foreign clergy. in Huanuco, Peru, writes: "Some- 'fhe Rev. Arthur H. Mellen, agency thing happened this week that gladsecretary of the Mexico Agency of dened our hearts. Mr. Hoy and one the American Bible Society, who ha~ of the natives gave out tracts in the been a resident of Mexico since 1909, cemetery on All Souls' Day. This is states that the Mexican government the day that the priests go to the officials have invariably been most cemetery to pray for the dead (if courteous and reasonable. 'fhe Mexi- they are paid for it). Two young can Agency of the Bible Society was men received tracts about eternal life. established in 1878 and since then After reading them, they talked it has circulated 1,553,311 volumes of over together and decided to come to the mission station to question us Scriptures. about it. They asked about eternal life and purgatory; and, when the Successful Schools in Mexico Word was explained to them, they MISS BLANCHE BETZ, a Meth- immediately asked what they might odist missionary in Puebla, do to obtain this life eternal. So we Mexica, writes: "Because so many of had the privilege of telling them the the government and Catholic schools old, old story. Do pray for them.

have closed, many children have come They were given New Testaments and to us and we have an enrollment of tracts and said they would come over five hundred. Instead of our in- again on Sunday. They are from a fiuence diminishing with the existing village the other side of the moun- conditions, our field has seemed to tains where there are no missionexpand. We have aIways conformed aries. "

with the law of 1917, so that when trouble arises and inspectors are sent The Union Church of Havana to Us, they are satisfied with condi- ENDORSED by the Committee on tions found, and we go peacefully on Cooperation in Latin America, our way. Since religious instruction the Federal Council of Churches, the in the primary school is forbidden, we Anglo-American Committee on Union have had to work through the medium Churches of the Foreign Missions of Junior Leagues and the Sunday- Conference, and the United Society school. We have religious instruction of Christian Endeavor, this church is in the secondary schools, however, rendering a great service to the Eng- and with the boarding students. We lish-speaking population of Havana.

have just had to close the passage- The work established by the Pres- way between the patio of our school byterian Board of National Missions and the church in order to conform (TT. S. A.) now includes in its mem- to the laws, and now we take the girls berRhip representatives of more than around the block to attend the serv- a dozen American and British de- ices at the church. The sight of a nominations. Plans are nOW under 224

927] NEWS FROM MANY hANDS

way for the erection of a church, a Bishop of Cuzco, in whose diocese we community building and a pastor's are, was furious, and wrote immedi- residence, the combined cost of which ately to Lima, asking that the license will reach $300,000. Rev. Merlyn A. granted to the Protestants for a Chappell, pastor of the church, says: school in Combapata might be can- "Like the American church in Paris, celed. The result was a letter to the the union churches of the Canal Zone Bishop to the effect that what had and the other great English-speaking been granted, had been granted once churches in foreign lands, the Union for all, and could not possibly be Church of Havana will be a little withdrawn. The Bishop then wrote portion of the finest of the United asking for permission to teach the States and Great Britain set down in Roman Catholic catechism in every an environment where it is most school, whether Protestant or other- needed. " wise, in his diocese; but to this he received a negative reply also and we Women Fighting the Lottery turned our hearts heavenwards and T 'V HE National League of Evangel- exclaimed-' Ebenezer!' This does not ical omen of Uruguay considers mean that the opposition has ceased, the lottery a serious menace to so- not by any means, and we earnestly ciety and has planned a campaign ask you to pray hard for us and the against it. .These Christian women work amongst these dark souls."

feel a definite challenge to throw their iniluence into the great war against Russians in South America T this evil that threatens the life of HE Russian Missionary Society is concerned with the spiritual their beloved country. They are counting upon the help of the best welfare of Russians in various parts citizens as they undertake the work. of the world, as well as in their native In Montevideo they have had a num- land. One of its fields is among the ber of public meetings, speaking in Russians who have gone to South the Sunday-schools and from the America, and its worker writes: pulpits. A play has been written "One can do a great work among the especially for this campaign and has Russian emigrants here, as there is been given in a number of places. yet no opposing organization or leader The printed page is being used, and to hinder our work. Our greatest de- 1,500 copies of a leaflet, "Is the Lot- sire is to visit all of the places, includ- tery Useful or HarmfuH" by Bishop ing Paraguay and Argentina, where Neely, have been distributed all over our Russian believers live, that we Uruguay. The women of this League may strengthen and cheer them in have invited the members of the their Christian life. We are happy, Christian churches to join them in rejoicing in all circumstances. The their fight against the lottery. They Lord has helped us arrange meetings have succeeded in getting the Nation- where my wife and I are able to sing al League of Evangelical Women of gospel songs, which attract many the Argentine to begin a similar cam- people to the meetings. Then the paign in their country. Lord shows His power by helping me to answer from the Bible the many Indian Church in Peru questions which the unconverted ask T HE Evangelical Union of South on different subjects." America has recently undertaken the erection of a church and school A Fearless Oolporteur A in an Indian pueblo near the mission BRAZILIAN colporteur over sixty years of age has for his field station in Sicuani, Peru. Their representative writes: "When the gov- the state of Alagoas, one of the ernment license had been granted and smallest in Brazil, yet as large as HoI.

the notices put in the papers, the land and Belgium. He is noted for 5

his fearlessness, especially when con- ish Gazette, published in Yiddish.

fronting one of the priests, ,. many or The Chl'istian Centnry comments on whom, " writes F. C. Glass of the article: " 'Thus,' says the Gazette, Garanhuns, North Brazil, ,. have the 'is the baptism plague spreading in power of life and death in their hands, Vienna.' It deplores that a Jewish even in liberal BraziL" After an en- city with such a glorious past should counter in thc market-place of the suddenly become a sacrifice to the town of Rio Largo, in the course of baptism plague, and' that it will trade which Fransisco challenged the priest the first of the ten commandments for to bring out his Bible and compare Christian mathematics, according to it with the ones which were being sold, which three times one is one.' It he was roughly accosted by a group asks, 'HOVi can it be that the Jews of of dangerous-looking ruffians. "The Vienna are increasing the black spot priest commands you to leave the town of conversion,' when in that city at once," they shouted, "or you shall 'from olden times until nOw they were suffer for it. ' , Fransisco boldly protected from pogroms, robbery and 100kel1 his enemies in the face and tyranny?' It declares that' the Jew· exclaimed: "Go, tell your priest that ish district of the capital of Austria on a certain day I was born, and on has sunk yery low' to have allowed a certain day I may have to die, but 1,000 Jews annually to 'become Chris- it will only be when God permits, so tians, M e s h 1~ 'Itt e d i m-outcasts. '

I shall continue my work in this Among the baptized were Hans Herzl, town. " son of the famous founder of the EUROPE Zionist movement. It is also reported that in Hungary 40,000 Jews have Snnday-schools in Iceland been baptized, that in Budapest the T WO Danish clergymen recently Presbyterians alone have received made a visit to Iceland under the 2.500 and that in Ukrainia many auspices of the British Committee of Christian congregations, composed the World's Sunday School Associa- exclusively of Jews, have been organ- tion, which supervises all organized ized. "

Sunday-school work on the Continent. Both visitors were cordially received Opportunity in Bulgaria T by ministers o)f all denominations. HE work of Rev. Paul L. Mish- koff, a Bulgarian graduate of The difficulties facing the establishmmt of Sunday-school work in Ice- Moody Bible Institute, has had the land on anything like a satisfactory backing of the Russia Evangelization basis are yer;v great, though not in- Society for se,'eral ycars, and has superable. The formation of the "hown a consistent gain from the be- country itself is an obstacle. The ginning. .A t first he began speaking work which is now being carried on in a small way, with few people p3y- is practically all in the hands of for- ing any attention. 'l'he crowds grew, eigners-principally Danish-w h (> workers were added, a Bible depot and know very little of the difficult Ice- readin'! room were established in the landic language, and the vital neces- city of Philippople; colporteurs were sity at the moment is to gain the added and an effort was made to visit interest and cooperation of the mem- the homes through the Bible women bers of the Church of Iceland in work whom Mr. Mishkoff selected especially among their own children. for that work. In the summer of T.Austrian Jews Turn Christian" 1924 two Daily Vacation Bible Schools were established, in Philip- HAT within the past twelve years pople and Sofia. As the schools eon- about 12,000 Jews in Vienna have tim1ed in session the attendance grew j.oined Christian churches, about hall' until the limits of the rooms were of them having become Roman Cath- reached and other would-be attend- olies, is a statement made by the Jew- ants were turned away, even though

1927J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

the parents pleaded for their admis- by forming a Federal Council, con- sisting of sixteen members. The task sion. As the children came home day of this Council is to avoid misunder- standings and tension between the after day, reporting what they had different Polish churches, which were so strongly separated hitherto by lweoarrdnsed~naelndhapnroelv-winogrkit by attractive national and confessional antagonism, and by their and to further the common tasks of Protestantism in Poland. As long better lives, the doors of these homes ago as 1555 there was some attempt at union, but such efforts then and opened one after another to the visits since have been fruitless. In the new Poland, the different Polish churches of the Bible women. have been led imperiously to a new effort toward union. Various at- Christian Federation in Latvia tempts have been made in recent years under foreig'n aid, including efforts F OR the first time since the Repub- by Sweden and by the World Alliance lic of Latvia was established, eight for International Friendship through years ago, a nation-wide movement the Churches. These preliminary efhas been begun to unite all the vari- forts have led now to the formation ous Christian organizations in a of a Federal Council whose conclusion national Christian federation. This has been sympathetically acknowlfederation, which has the support of edged by the Polish Government. high government officials, will be used as a medium through which to dis- New BnUdings fol' Sofia Schools tribute religious literature and conduct research' in methods of work. In T IMBER for the new buildings addition. it is believed, it will provide about to be constructed for the a means of cooperation, encourage- Sofia American Schools, Bulgaria, has ment, and coordination for all kinds been provided by the Ministerial of Christian organizations, large and Council of Bulgaria which has small. Its establishment resulted g'ranted the Schools permission to take almost dircctlv from the recent Week 3,000 cubic meters of timber for use of Prayer c~lllpaign, sponsored by in construction from government such organizations as the Y. "V. C. A., Ioreflts each year for five years, Y.lf.C.,…, and most of the leading de- with a promise of extending the grant nominations. The campaign, origi- beyond the total of 15,000 cubic naU~· organized merely for Riga, meter>: if necessary. 111'. Stoyan Milospread throug'lIout the Republic. According to Brackett Lewis, secretary sheff, Manager of the Banque de Sofia, of the Y.M.C.A., the Week of Prayer membel' of Parliament, is chairman brought together for the first time of the local committee for the Sofia representatives of three nationalities American Schools, which has agreed and nYe faith~. Only the Orthodox to raise a fund of about $100,000 to Old Believers declined to affiliate, but bnild a library for the Schools as a they expressed regret that their regu- memorial to the late George Washlations forbade. President Chak"te burn, who was president of Robert of the Republic is announced as Colleg-e, Constantinople, when Mr. patron. Milosheff and other prominent Bul- Polish Protestants Unite garians were students at the college.

WORD has come to the Federal The Bulgarian cabinet is made up Conncil of Churches from Poland that the six Evangelical churches in largely of graduates. of Robert Colthat country-the Polish Lutheran lege. Two, hundred s'tudents were Clmrch, the German "United Church, the Eyangelical Church of Augsburg turned away from the schools. this and Helvetian Confession in Galicia, the Evangelical United Church in year for lack of space in the old build- Silesia, and the two Reformed Churches-have found an agreement ings at Samokov, thirty-lh'e miles from Sofia. . .' .

AFRICA outside, all Egyptians but some of A Clearing-House on Africa them Evangelicals, addressed some of the meetings."

T HE new "Institute of African Languages and Cultures," which Hartzell Training School has been referred to in the Review, has begun its work, with headquarters AMERICAN Methodists began their in London. Professor Diedrich W est- work in Southern Rhodesia in 1900, ermann, the language authority of when Cecil Rhodes gave to Bishop J. Berlin University, together with M. C. Hartzell the town of Old Umtali Labouret, of Paris, are the Joint Di- for a mission station. The Christian rectors, and when they are unable to community now numbers 7,500 and be in London, Major Hans Vischer there are 6,000 Sunday-school pupils will be in charge. A standardized enrolled in 90 schools. The so-called orthography for African languages, "hub" of the Old Umtali mission center is the Central Training School, the scientific study of African music, recently renamed in honor of its and elementary textbooks and readers founder. This school opened its elehaving a real relation to African life mentary departments in 1900; in in its new relationships with the West, 1921 the first four graduates of the are the three matters to which the higher departments received their di- Institute is now giving its attention. plomas. These men, who came from The aim of the Institute, Dr. Wester- four different tribes in Rhodesia, are mann points out, is to be the driving now pastor-teachers among their tribes force which will lead others-govern- people. More than one hundred other men, all of whom have received trainments, missionary societies and com- ing in this school though not all gradmercial concerns-to put into practice uating, are serving as pastor-teachers the principles and standards set up. in outlying mission stations throughout "We ourselves," he said, "cannot Rhodesia. They are equipped to lead produce books and so on, but we are a their people in their everyday activcentral clearing-house to which all interested will be able to come for the ities. One of the outstanding contriinformation they desire." butions of the school to Rhodesia has been made in the training of practical "The Friends of the Bible" dairymen, farmers, and industrial T HIS organization is described by workers. Miss Jameson, of the Egypt Gen- The Gleam in Their Eyes eral Mission in Zeitoun: "We usually R speak of this union as the Coptic Y. EV. A. M. GELSTHORPE, who went in the early part of last year M. C. A., but it represents a more concrete thing than that. At the be- to the college of the Church Missionginning it was a definite movement to ary Society at Awka, Nigeria, writes: demonstrate the right and advantages "By far the most striking thing to me of Bible study, and it was then led as a newcomer was, and is, the unmisby earnest young Copts who had been takable gleam in the eyes of those really truly converted, remaining within in touch with Christianity, compared their own church, and forming there- with the dull look in the eyes of those in a reform party. This year some still subject to devil-worship, a reli- thirty to forty of them gathered here gion of terror. When one thinks of for ten days, spending, as far as one the amazing way in which the Gospel could judge, the whole time in def- has spread among the people here in inite Bible study or seasons of seek- so short a time, and when one remem- ing the Lord in prayer. No other of bers that there are never more than the larger gatherings held here has two dozen C. M. S. missionaries in the been so concentrated and given up to diocese at a time, I realize how gravely the business on hand. Speakers from during my time in England I had

1927J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

underestimated the real power that larly during the last eighteen months there is behind Christianity. Most of or so. A number of these Moslem boys the students (about forty altogether) when they were returning to the come from heathen homes. All of villages begged to be allowed to take them have countless generations of their Braille Scriptures with them. the worst heathenism behind them, and yet such is the change worked by Methodism in North Africa Christianity, that it is no exaggeration to say that often one forgets that they AT THE 1926 North Africa Mission are other than boys and young men Conference of the Methodist among whom one worked at home." Episcopal Church, two Arabs, the first of their race, were accepted on "These Women Are Christians" probation. With 'them was received a Kabyle of one of the tribes of the old ASTRIKING story of the power of North African Berber race. "With the Gospel to build strong char- these three, formerly Mohammedan," acter is thus told by Dr. W. C. Terril writes Percy Smith, "was received on of Johannesburg in the Record of trial the son of a Methodist mission- Christian Work: "A group of Chris- ary who has worked for twenty-seven tian native women were sent to work years in North Africa. This son was for a Portuguese farmer, who grew born in North Africa and intends to sugar cane, and from it made a native devote his life to mission work in the beer. He ordered these women to take land of his birth. The scene was very this beer in large demijohns to the vil- impressive–a missionary probationer lages where it had been already sold. of the second generation received When they refused, he preferred along with the first fruits of missioncharges against them to the local gov- ary labor. It seemed a pledge and ernment official of refusing to work. prophecy of the progress of the mis- They said that they had refused to sionary Christian Church of the carry demijohns of beer on their future in North Africa. heads, or have anything else to do with the business; they were ready Islam Spreads in Abyssinia to work at anything else. The government official said to the Portu- DR. TOM LAMBIE, of the United guese farmer: 'My advice to you is Presbyterian Mission in Abysto let these women alone. The grind- sinia, says that the Galla people, who ing of sugar cane to make beer is are found all over that country, are not permitted, and if you insist on originally pantheists, but that in one their doing that kind of work they will or two of the eastern provinces the make trouble for you, and also for Mohammedans have had striking sucme. They are Christians, and the cess and the whole population has God whom they serve is a powerful become Moslem. This has been true God.' " in parts of the south as well, where is a famous Galla ruler known as Sultan Blind Moslems Study Bible Abag-ifar. "Few if any of his people" says Dr. Lambie, "have a ABJ~IND Egyptian Christian, in the knowledge of Arabic and they do not employ of the Church Missionary even know how to pronounce the Mo- Society in Cairo, has been having a hammedan creed correctly, but still remarkable experience. A number of they consider themselves Mohamblind students from Al Azhar wanted medans and are even sending out to learn to read and write Braille. missionaries to their Galla neighbors Gindhi consented on one condition who are still pantheists to convert and that was that he would use his them to Mohammedanism. In all this own text book, which was the Word part of the country there is not a of God. They have consented and single Christian missionary. If our many have attended his classes regn- church could only send out some one

to tell them about Christ before the Abraham Olama Mendulu, is going Mohammedans get there what a great along well in his service of his and thing it would be." our great Chief, Jesus Christ. I do not see him these days, but he and I African Christian Mothers often correspond. The missionary in his part of the field always has a good A NUMBER of graduates of the word to say to me about the stead- girls' school at Chisamba, Portu- fastness of Olama, though he is often gese West Africa, all of them now very sorely tried and tempted." wives of Christian teachers and evangelists, were invited to return to the Ten Years' C.hange in Nigeria school for a week-end conference. Miss Elizabeth Read, of the United T EN years ago Enugwu, the center Church of Canada, writes of them: of the coal mining district of Nigeria, was practically uninhabited, The first time they gathered, I must and lay in the territory of most primfrankly say that we felt discouraged at their itive and savage tribes. Today it is a appearance. They had come straight from rapidly growing up-to-date town with their native villages, and, in spite of all thousands of inhabitants, European. their good inten tions, we could see the and African. When Rev. I. Ejindu, downward pull of their heathen surround- a recently ordained clergyman, was ings. Neither they nor the babies were sent there in 1916 he found a people clean' or tidy. We spoke frankly to them, whose barbarities were almost past asking them to remember that they were belief. Cannibalism was common. our guests. 'I wish you could have seen The murder of twins was an inyarithem next morning! You would scarcely able rule. Thieving was a daily ochave recognized them as the same people, currence, and burning of houses an and we felt deeply what could b<l accom- event too common to occasion any plished if we had the time to keep closer comment. Ejindu had the greatest to them with counsel and patient, loving difficulty in finding any place in which reminder. Such a sweet, wholesome to live. Several attempts were made group of young mothers they looked, ready to poison him; eight times in 1919 and willing to be guided. his property was stolen. But through all these persecutions, E,jindu was African Chiefs of Many Sorts preserved, and the Gospel made its way into the hearts of many of the REV. A. B. PATTERSO).!, Amer- people. Now tbere are in the district ican Presbyterian missionary at some seventy churches, forty-schools, Ebolowa, in the Cameroun since 1911, and eighty to ninety teachers, entirely numbers several African chiefs among supported by the people themselves. his friends. He writes of visiting one while a native boy with a limited A New Station in Uganda knowledge of French was translating for him a French mail order cata- SOME of the experiences of a mislogue, and comments, "I would like sionary who opens a new station to be present when the order arrives. " in Africa are thus described by Rev. All chiefs, however, he says, "are not T. L. Lawrence, of the Church Misthe same. Close to Elat we have the sionary Society's force in F ganda, Grand Chief Ndile Nsom. He is a who has begun work in a place called stately-looking gentleman, always Lira: "The native pastor displayed well dressed. He wears a slung sword much energy, for the 100 acres we reon great days. Every Sabbath sees ceived from the Government in exhim in church at Elat. He has been change for land at Mbale was all a Chr.istian about ten years and is under long grass. He soon had many a church member; he is the native acres under the cultivation of cotton ruler of several thousands of people. and sweet potatoes. He also built us The last time I was visiting him, after a wattle and daub house of three I had been with him about an hour, I said that I must be going. He rose and closed the two doors and quietly said to me, 'We will pray first.' My particular friend, Grand Chief

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rooms. Sunday services were started, new trend is toward the things that and the attendance soon grew to 100 are Western, but the Turk has clung and more. With such encouragement, to his nationality and his history. such warm welcomes from people, The metamorphosis from the be-fezzed chiefs, and teachers, we felt that God and wide-bloomered Turk of Anatolia was leading us on…. Our little dining-room is a store dispensary, and under the Snltanate of Abdul Aziz bookshop. At one window we sell to the gray felt-hatted and trousered books (so far we have sold 1,000 first Turk of Anatolia under the presireading books, catechisms, etc.), while dency of Mustapha Kemal has not at another window my wife dispenses made the Turk a European. He enmedicines. " joys classical music, he is a skilled electrical engineer, he teaches Scho- THE NEAR EAST penhauer, but he feels with real love and pride that he is a Turk of the The Mosle:m World Secularized Republic of Turkey."

AFTER commenting on the ex- Success of Dr. Peet'g Mission ternal ways in which Turkey is breaking with the past, a writer in T HAT Dr. W. W. Peet, who spent the London Christian says: "Edu- forty years in Constantinople uncation is being divorced from religion. der the American Board had been ap- Mohammedanism is losing its religious pointed " an ambassador of good fervor. I witnessed a remarkable in- will" to the Near East by the Federal stance of this in St. Sophia itself. It Council of Churches and other rewas an evening service closing the ligious bodies ,vas announced in th,e great feast of Ramadan-the Moham- August, 1926 Ret·1ew. Letters remedan Lent. Ordinarily there would ceived from Dr. Peet describe the conhave been ten thousand people there. tacts which he has established with the This time there were gathered within patriarchs and prelates of the Eastthe vast, illuminated interior about ern Orthodox Churches. Gregory IV, three hundred. It was a striking Patriarch of Antioch, Meletios, Patriproof of the way in which the lIoham- arch of Alexandria, the Armenian medan world is being secularized. A Patriarch of Jerusalem, and others revolution is taking place in Islam have given him official messages of more tremendous than we realize. greeting to the Federal Council. The With much of it Christendom is one from Sahag II, the Armenian bound to sympathize. But there are Catholicos of Cilicia, says in part: terrific dangers. A secularized Mohammedanism might repeat on a The Honorable Dr. W. W. Peet, well tragic scale the parable of a returned known to the people of the Orient and devil re-entering with seven other especially to the Armenians, by his inestima· spirits more wicked than himself, so hIe services for the Church and humanity, that the last state is worse than the all October 22, ]926, communicated' to U9 first. Fanatical superstitions may be the message of fraternal love, in Christ, exchanged for evils even more dread- from twenty·eight different denominations ful. " ill the United States of America, with their more than twenty million members. I am Old Turks in New Turkey glad to declare that the love of the Anne· nian Church has been multiplied toward the MISS DOROTHEA BLAISDELL American churche,s whose children did not writes from Constantinople: withhold their fraternal sympathy and help "In education the secularization of during the suffering and martyrdom of our the Government has taken away the people even until the present time. power of the clergy, and the new impetus to education that this change Bible Depot in Constantinople has brought is carrying it along toward Western met,hods…. The whole THE British and Foreign Bible So- ciety recently opened a new build- ing in Constantinople on the Grand Rue de Pera, one of the main streets. Over the depot the name of the Society

is announced in four languages. A rep- large and needy city. Its population resentative of the Society writes: "It comprises something over a thousand is a remarkable and highly gratifying Jewish families, seven Christian fam- fact that the Bible Society's work in ilies, four Roman Catholic, one Ar- Constantinople has never been stopped menian, and two Protestant, one of by the Turkish authorities during those two being our worker there.

these years of change. Even during The remainder of the population are the war the work was kept going. We Moslems. The town is quite fanatical.

owe much to some of the authorities Our worker went through some stiff in Constantinople who have given us experiences when he entered the town, their support. Our two colporteurs such as being refused the sale of food are able to sell the Scriptures without by the shopkeepers, but now he has any serious molestation. No Bible les- quite a number of friends, and is son may now be given in the mission patiently selling his books, having in- schools. The Qur'an is not taught in terviews wherever he can, and witgovernment schools. But the open nessing well to his Lord. Hillah is Bible is displayed in the window of close to a number of fairly large and our depot in a main street, and copies very influential Moslem cities, all of are sold in public thoroughfares which are unoccupied. Among them throughout the city." are Kerbelah and Nejef and Kufa, all sacred cities to the Shiah Moslems, Persian Pioneer Nurses and great centers of pilgrimage from all over Persia, and Afghanistan, and MISS MARY C. JOHNSON writes parts of India." from the girls' school in Tabriz, Persia which has Armenian and INDIA AND SIAM Syrian as well as Persian pupils: "One of the Persian girls in the ninth India' Attitude to the Church C grade is also teaching some of the ANON A. W. DAVIES, of St. John's College, Agra, contributes lower Persian classes, and requests that instead of paying her for her to the Church M.issionary Gleaner a work, we take in some poor girl free. thoughtful artide, in the course of Some of our girl graduates we take which he says: "A well-known In- into our own school as teachers, dian-edited paper of Bombay recently and some go to our hospital to tak.. commended the British and Foreign a nurse.,' training course. This year Bible Society's work, because it made two of our Persian graduates went to ayailable throug-hout India the the hospital to take up the study of eyidence upon which Indians could nursing. They are the first Persian form a judgment of the life and teach- . girls to brave the storm of crificism ings of Jesus, detached from the they knew would come when they de- dogmatic pronouncements of the cided to leave their own homes and Churches. Again and again Indian enter this work. Persian girls are not students have said to me: 'I believe free to stay away from home for even thllt JeSllS Christ is the highest revela- one night. That is equivalent to los- tion of God; but I do not believe that the Christian Church truly shows ing their g'ood name."

Him forth, so that there is no reason New Center in Mesopotamia why I should join it.' The great danger of the present situation seems T HE United Mission in Mesopo- to lie in this: that educated Indians, tamia has opened its third station rejecting- the Church and the demands in Hillah. five miles from the site of of baptism, should be satisfied with ancient Babylon. Rev. A. G. Ed- the mere recognition of the beauty of wards. who, with Mrs. Edwards. has the character and teaching of Christ, gone from Mosul to take charge of without admitting His demands upon this new work, writes: "Hillah is a their life and allegiance; and the

1927J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

thought has been growing among are not always typical and many wear some of us in India that this denial English clothes regardless of religion should be made upon them insistently. or caste, he could tell a Christian from They cannot read the gospels without a Hindu or a Mohammedan, and if so realizing that following Christ in what word would express what he India, as everywhere else, should could read in the face of a Christian. mean the acceptance of the cross and He said that the word he would use the readiness to endure the shame of would mean just the opposite of arconfession. ' , rogance, which he thought was humility. I thought that was not a National Christian Council bad compliment for our Indian Chris- tians, especially as he is a strict Hindu T HE six-day meeting of the Nation- of the Brahman caste." a 1 Christian Council of India, Burma and Ceylon, held in Calcutta, Freed Slaves in Nepal dealt with a number of important T HB great plan of the Maharajah of Nepal, a native state on the questionlS. In discussing intercom- northeastern frontier of India, to abolish slavery in his dominions has munal strife, Dr. S. K. Datta main- been followed with interest in the Re- view, and it was announced in the tained that the problem was funda- October issue that the total slave pop- ulation, about 60,000, had been set mentally an economic one and that free. The Anti-Slavery and Aborig- ines Protection Society has received certain leaders were using the chronic from Nepal a memorandum which g'ives the history of the reform, and economic unrest for their own ends. states that as long ago as 1911 the Maharajah had ordere.d a census taken It was announced that plans had been of the slaves. It reports that about a third of the emancipated slaves made for a comprehensive inquiry in- have chosen to stay with their masters as hired laborers; of the rest, some to industrial conditions in India with have settled in or near the places where they were employed, and others a view to the education of public proposed to cultivate land for them- selves. ]'or this the Maharajah has opinion and advancing Christian thrown open available tracts of culti- vable ,yaste lands in the hills, and standards in industrial life. It was started reclamation and clearance works in many areas. proposed that a center of Islamic "Thus" comments the magazine oj' studies be established at Lahore, the Society, "one of the most notable achievements in the history of slavery where original investigation might be has been brought to a prosperous is- sue. " carried on. One resolution stated that Bright Outlook in Dornakal the Council welcomed what had been DORNAKAL, South India, is done by the Indian Government in known to many friends of mis- sions as the headquarters of Bishop the revision of its opium export Azariah, the first Indian to be elevated to the episcopate. An English clergypolicy, so as to stop export completely man, the bishop's chaplain, writes of the future of the diocese: "In certain in ten years, but regarded the denial of an inquiry into the domestic opium problem as 'unsa,t'isfactory and 'r:e- soIYed to continue its efforts to pro- mote the education of the public on the matter. .

Moslem and Christian Faces T HE language lesson of a new mis- sionary was interrupted by a tradesman, of whom the pundit said, " He is a Mohammedan." Says the missionary: "I asked how he could tell, since the man did not wear the typical clothes. He said, 'By the expression of his face.' I asked him what English word would express most nearly what he meant, and he said. 'Arrogance expresses it the best.' I then asked if, now that clothes

THE districts about half of the outcaste Bleeding Pillar as a Text population have now joined us, in following incident is quoted spite of many persecutions and the from the report of the Union Ka- very high moral standard that is re- narese Seminary in Tumkur, South quired, and the other half are eager. India: "In a village five miles away to come in, had we only the teachers there stands before the temple a tall, to send them. Moreover, now for the slender pillar, down the side of which first time there is a distinct movement for some little distance rain has left a among the Sudras, that is to say the course of red rust. The people declare great middle class of the Hindu that periodically the pillar bleeds, and people. Where the move.ment of. the there, sure enough, is the thin red line.

lower classes has been Wlsely glllded In some quarters, a few months ago, the Sudras have sho,,:n .profoun,d. re- the fear grew lest the appearance of spect for the ChrIstIan rehgIon. the blood on the pillar should be a Bittel' enemies have become staunch portent of disaster to the State. The friends. A spirit of inquiry has risen six senior students went out to investi- among them. In several places actual gate this phenomenon. With great conversions have been fairly numer- tact they won the confidence of the ous during the past year or two. It leading folk of the village so far as is not impossible that during the next to induce them to have a ladder few years w~ may see a vast inga~her- brought and set up against the pillar ing of the main body of the Hmdu from the roof of the temple. One of people." the students mounted the Jadder, a Stanley Jones in South India somewhat risky proceeding, and climb- ing to the top of the pillar proved to AUDIENCES of educated non- the people beyond controversy that Christians estimated at twice the the bleeding was due to an iron spike size of even those which greeted Rev. in a cup at the top of the shaft. Stanley Jones, author of "The Christ When a safe descent had been effected, of the Indian Road," on his first tOllr the men improved the occasion in in South India have been attending apostolic fashion and preached Christ his meetings there. The address, a to the crowd that had gathered." frank presentation of the Christian ma ehsasalfge~nodccaunpieedquaablotuitmaenwhaosurgiavnedn Chur"li Work of BllrlUe~e WOlUen to answering questions. Rev. Boyd W. Tucker, who accompanied him, AN AMERICAN Baptist missionthus describes one feature of the tour: ary in Rangoon writes in ~.issions of the natural business ablhty of Round table conferences are held to which are invited about fifteen of the most re- Burmese women, who genel'ally man- ligious Hindus and Mohammedans and abOl:t age the family financ~s. Th~s ~bility five of the best Christians. Each man 18 asked to relate what religion meallS to him has been shown also In a mIsslOnary in experience. N~ comments are m~de, so that the te,stimonws may speak thou own society, of which she says: "Several message. It has been arrallged that there shall he more non -Christians than Christians, hundred women were present at the so that everything shall be ahsolutely fair. It is most ;emarkable how Christianity is organization of the Society. A ye.ry able to comllland the situation and stand out by the sheer superiority of its abmty to modest little lady from Monlmem, reyeai God and transform lives through the wife of the pastor of the Burmese personality of Jesus. One elderly Hi?du approached Dr. Jones aiter he had ipven Cquhaluirtcih~s and possessed of owutasstanmd~idneg his own personal testimon~- in one of th.esc of leadership, meetings and said, "Yon have been tellmg us about something this afternoon that none president. Two consecr!lted B~ble of us know anything about. .Jesus stands out in a fresh'and challenging way as the women volunteered theIr serVIces way of the Father." without salary to tour Burma in the interests of the Society. The question of money to carryon the work was settled temporarily by charging a membership fee of one rupee. Later mite-boxes were added and from these

NEWS FROM MANY LAJTJ)S

two sources alone has come a large course, preclude the use of a few amount of money for missionary specially gifted Western evangelists.

work. The Society has been organ- The tendency to submit Chinese for ized three years now and God has Westerners in positions where policies wonderfully blessed its work and of Christian work are determined will given wisdom beyond what we could also decrease the demand for West- have forseen." ern Christians in executive positions.

Putting it another way, the tendency Loyal Siamese "Endeavorel"" is against having the missionary of T HE newly organized Christian the future prominent as preacher, Endeavor society of Chiengmai, promoter or administrator. There is, Siam, is sponsored by a graduate of however, less insistence on the above Bangkok Christian College. 'l'his fine negative changes than on the positive young man's fidelity and unflagging qualities al'id functions of the mis- earnestness in Christ's service witness sionary of the future. The wish is powerfully for the success attained in often expressed for the freer giving Bangkok Christian College in win- of the Western Christian's whole ning, training, and sending forth personality to the Chinese Church….

leaders in the great task of winning Especially desired is the rich example Siam for Christ. This young man's of personalities illumined with Christ.

father, a .stanch Buddhist and the 'We need them,' says another, 'to help governor of a populous district, has solve the problem of living up to the from the first opposed the action of principles of Jesus.' 'rhe Western his eldest son in leaving the religion Christian is thus called to be first and which is announced by his majesty foremost an exponent of the spirit of the king to be the religion of the Christ in human relationships…..

Siamese. He and all the other mem- The Chinese Church wants the West- bers of the family put every difficulty ern Christian more than his money; in the way of his Christian faith. his sympathy and appreciation more While living with them and in every than numbers."

other particular a loved member of their circle, he gently but very flrmlJ' Chinese Combine Five Religions M adheres to "the Jesus Way," witness- RS. H. G. ROMIG, of Tenghsien, Shantung Province, describes ing for his Master by a most consistent walk and conversation. He is what she calls "a religious fad that zealous in seeking to win young men has recently become popular in this to Christ. He is the most enthusiastic part of China. It is a combination temperance leader in Chiengmai.- of Christianity, Buddhism, Taoism, Christian Endeavor WorZd. Confucianism and Mohammedanism.

CHINA From each of these religions the Function of the Missionary people choose practices and teachings that suit the unregenerate heart of the AN EDITORIAL in the Chinese natural man. They claim they are Recorder gives expression to saved, and enter heaven through good what it calls the idea of Chinese works, hence the distribution of Christians "as to what the mission- famine relief to the poor-, They ary can do and where he can best teach transmigration of souls, but serve the Chinese Church. " The have no place for repentance, and no editor continues: "'rhe demand for need for prayer. 'All men are broth- Western preachers in China is de-_ ers' is a favorite declaration with creasing. Chinese speakers at com- them."

mencements and conferences are rap- idly increasin!!:. Since the mission- Self-Sacrifice of a. Chinese G aries came to China to make preachersILBERT McINTOSH of Shang- hai, who has represented the rather than to be preachers this should be welcomed; it does not, of Presbyterian Board in China since

1891, calls attention to the fact that Village Entirely Christian Chinese Christianity may possibly be enriched by traits of Chinese char- NEWSPAPER correspondents who acter which we are apt to overlook. write of Christian work in China The doctor in charge of Shantung having to be abandoned because of Road Hospital told of a man who had the recent disturbances do not know been brought in lacking an arm. He Chinese Christians. Such a story as was, an ardent Buddhist and had been the following from a missionary in instrumental in raising funds for a North China would surprise some of Buddhist temple near the North Rail- them: "One village where a church way Station. A large sum was lack- is located is built in the side of a ing and, in a spirit of renunciation mountain and the church forms the and determination to do something social center. There is not one nondrastic, he cut oil' his left arm above Christian in the town. Years ago the elbow with a sharp and heavy when the people became Christian meat chopper. In the hospital it was they destroyed their idols and little found necessary to cut away another village temple, and no such thing has portion to ensure cure. "If," he says, existed since. The girls and women "such self-sacrificing spirit can be of this village all have natural feet enlisted in the cause of Christ we may and no queue has been known among expect an ardent phase of Chinese the men in years. The young women Christianity that will mean great have won prizes in a contest of rethings for the extension of Christ's peating Scripture they had learned. Kingdom." They repeated Psalms 1, 19, 23,1 Cor. 13, Rom. 8 and many more chapters. Foochow's Governor Reads Bible And the way this group fairly makes the mountains ring with their songs T HOUGH the disturbances in Foo- of praise would delight the heart of chow have made it necessary for anyone hearing them. " foreigners to leave, it is interesting to read this description, written by a Tibetans More Responsive Methodist missionary, of the civil governor of the city: "Forty years B ISHOP A. WARD, of the Morago he returned from a naval school avian Church, writes of their in England and has been an admiral mission in Khalatse, Tibet: "Many in the Chinese navy. He goes every- travellers up and down the valley where without a guard of soldiers now call at the mission-house, not only save the minimum of one or two as to see such strange and interesting a mark of his office. He is not a public things as the harmonium and picspeaker, but never hestitates to grace tures, or to talk about everyday matthe platform of any Christian school ters, but definitely to hear the chos, or other public institution with a few the religion; for the missionary has sincere words of greeting. He lives something to teach, but the lamas simply and is as approachable as any taught them nothing. They will raise official in the United States. While their hands to their heads and bow not a professed Christian, he is very in respect to religious pictures frcendly to Christian institutions, and (though nobody wishes them to do within the last two or three years this), and say with the same tokens has spent an hour regularly each of respect, (Salaam, .Jesus !' The week for a period of months study- villagers attend service on Sundays ing the Bible in English with one of in goodly numbers; for, after the the Y. M. C. A. secretaries. I have Saturday evening prayer-meeting, the not heard any foreigner speak with Christians go to the houses in the vilgreater vehemence about the existing lage and invite the people to come, evils in China's official life today reminding them that tomorrow is than has he." Sunday, which the people otherwise say they forget."

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

JAPAN-KOREA Scriptures could not be supplied fast enough to meet the demand, today the Bible Society Jubilee demand is for patience, perseverance and perspective. Nowadays it is not T HE American Bible Society cele- uncommon for him to meet with argu- brated in the autumn the fiftieth ments, contradictions, insults and anniversary of the beginning of its abuse. " work in Japan. Among those who took part was Rev. Matsuyama, the Fruit. of Newspaper Evangelism only man living of both foreigners and Japanese who were members of REV. DR. AND MRS. HARVEY the Bible translation and revision BROKAW, who began their committees from 1874 till 1887 and work in Japan thirty years. ago, refrom 1911 till 1917. The Reconl, port that newspaper evangelism conpublished by the Society, comments: tinues to be a fruitful form of service "The fact that practically 900,000 in that country. Some of the results volumes of Scripture were absorbed of this work are forty-six decisions to in the northern half of Japan from study for baptism this year, one perour Agency alone in its fiftieth year son entering the ministry and over tells a story of an open door and a 10,000 pieces of literature sent out. friendly attitude. But it tells only a lt is known that nine have entered the part of the story. For instance thou- ministry in the eight years of this sands of Scripture volumes have been work in Kyoto and sixty-one bapsupplied to those in the jails of tisms are recorded. Innumerable op- Japan, with the cordial aid, and, portunities for personal work result. sometimes., at the request of the One man ten miles in the country, a Japanese officials themselves. The baptized Christian, holds a service tributes to the Bible by non-Christian, once a week in his house and has oras well as Christian, officials in high g'anized a flourishing temperance soposition are also further illustrations ciety among the young men. of the happy change from the conditions of the early days of missions Influence of a Dying Man and the Agency in Japan." FROM the Korea Mission of the Colporteurs ill Moderll Korea United Church of Canada comes the following incident: "At Pooguh, REV. F. G. VESEY of the United a young man, who had been the only Church of Canada writes of the Christian in his household, died. Durcolporteurs who work under him: ing his last illness he continually "Simple country men that they are pleaded with his mother and all his -so many of them-the importance family to become Christians and to of their work is often non-apparent take down the sacrificial table which to them and sometimes they are had been put up over a year ago to tempted to waver and fall. Yet most some departed one. On the day he of them toil on and rejoice in their died, the relatives held a council and toil. As the economic, political and though it was, particularly to the social conditions change, so to a great grandfather and grandmother, a seextent has the attitude of the people vere test to forego the comfort which altered toward the Gospel. . The sacrificing meant to them, they all materialistic, atheistic, and communi- agreed to comply with his wishes. stic influences are barefacedly at The funeral arrangements. were left work, doing their utmost against the in charge of the Christians, and, in best interests of the people all over spite of loud protests from the heathe peninsula. So that the task of then neighbors, the sacrificial table the colporteur is more than ever an was taken down. A few weeks later, uphill one. His work is harder and the whole family was attending heavier than ever it has been, and church and the young widow looking while there was a time when the

forward to going to the Bible Insti- got through bis four years' course, he cared tute. " little wbether his work was satisfflctory or not. Now all these things are changed. Stu- Syenchun Ohurch Branches Out dents, on the whole, although coming from different parts of the Terrjtory, live arnic- F ORTY members of one of the ably together, and often form strong friend- Presbyterian churches in Syen- ships. They take a pride in doing their ehun, Korea who were set apart a few manual and schoolwork well, and cmleav01' months ago as a separate organiza- to take a creditable place in all examination, bought and remodeled a large tions. Tbere is little Or no cheating, and house in a neighboring village. In 11 anyone who is guilty of it, is not looked short time the congregation more than upon with respect. One seldom seeB any trebled, so that the church building of th-8m untidy, and where they are placerl in positions of trust they are genrral1y re- liable.

had to be enlarged proportionately. Boys' School in Honolulu Besides this expense of providing an adequate place of worship, the people I OI'ANI School in Honolulu, estabassumed their full share of an old lished in 1863 by the Church of debt of the mother church and are England, but now under the direcalso contributing liberally toward the tion of the American Episcopal helper's salary. At the recent meet- Church, is seeking in many ways to ing of the Presbytery permission was Christianize and Americanize boys of given them· to elect their first two man y races-Chinese, Japanese, elders. The church gives the promise Korean, Hawaiian, Portuguese and of vigorous growth in a new section Filipino. One of the teachers writes: of agricultural land opened up by ,. Scores of our boys have returned reclamation from the sea. It is also to China, Christian men of influence reported from Syenchun that recently in their communities …. In the past one of the hospital evangelists went Iolani has done an important work; into a heathen district where there is today it is filling a vital need, doing no church. He went loaded down with excellent work with a better-equipped Testaments, gospels and tracts. He corpf> of teachers than ever before. reports that a brother of a former Fifteen years from now many of onr hospital patient lends him a room for present students will be holding pOf>ihis meetings at which he is having a tions of trust. In 1902 the enrollment nightly attendance of sixty or waf> thirty-five-today it is 370."

seventy. NORTH AMERICA A Pacific Institute of Politics ISLANDS OF THE SEA A NOTABLE forward step has Higher Standards in Papua been taken in the development of T HE London :Missionary Society international understanding and gocd (Congregational) conducts in Pa- will by the organization for the pua a training school for native Christians. The missionary in charge Pacific Coast of an Institute similar to writes as follows of the marked im- the Institute of Politics at Williamsprovement in the students in recent town. During the last three years years: President von Klein Smid of the Uni- versity of Southern California has In the early days thtl temper of some been ~vorking to this end and has seof the students was very fickle, and it was cured the backing of influential thought advisible to keep all the bows and leaders of public thought in the uniarrows used by the students out of harm's versities, in business life, and in the way lest there should be bloodshed. Lazi- federal government. The first annual ness and shirking in mannal work were COlli- session of the Institute held in Decemmon: and cbElating in class or in borne-work ber brought together a very signifwas not regarded .as :it serious matter. icant group of leading thinkers on Neither the men nor tbe women had much international relations. The Congreregard for their personal appearance, pre- gationalist comments: ferring to go about in their oldest aUfl dirtiest garments. So long as the student

NEWS FROM MANY LAl'mS

It has long been recognized that some of prominent topic in their programs. the major international problems of the Platform messages will be presented world concern the nations around the Pacific. by officers and members of the Com- Ocean. Now wlth the Instltnte of Pacific mittee. A limited number of conven- Relations holding biennial meetings in Ha· tions and conferences will be held. In waii, and the Institute of International addi~ion there will be many group R.elations holding annual sessions on th·3 meetmgs of selected men and women Faeific Coast, the leaders in interpreting throughout the country. Because the and solying these major international prob young people of high school and unilems are likely to be developed in this Pacific versity age are unacquainted with the area bY such cooperative thinking as these evils of the saloon, special attention gatherings make possible. will be directed to intensifying senti- ment for law observance among them. Japanese Student Convention THE Church and Y. M. C. A. Cooperation F OR four days during thf' Chris· movement to bring the Church mas vacation the Japanese Stu, and the Young :JIen's Christian dents Christian Association held a conference in Evamton, Ill., at which .~ssoci.ation into closer working relatwenty-one educational institutions were represented. As reported in the tlOIlslup has now enlisted twenty of Bullptin published by the Association "the central thought of th3 Conven: the national evangelical church ortion was that the J. S. C. A. is a Christian organization and that it ganizations in athpepoUinnteitdedcoSmtmaitse~sioanl­l must become more religions in more of ,,,hom have yat:ious ways." Other aspects of the gathering are described as follows: ers to confer at stated times with "The study of the problems of the Pacific, the problem of war and peace, representatives of the Association. and the problem of American-Japanese relations, all looking toward EIghteen of these denominational world peace, was started and recommended for further studv in local bodie~ have also appointed standing chapter~….. The kev was struck once more that Japanes~ students should commIttees on cooperation with the endeavor to receive the best from "-merican life and contribute the best ~. M. ~..A. The General Counselling which they have to it in the course of their study in America." C~mmIsslOn of the Churches, meeting Education ill Law O'bservance t Jus year for the third time, added to T -{E Citizens' Committee of One its rolls two Xegro denominations. Thousand on IJaw Observance and Rnforcement at its recent meeting in With such additions the commission Washington outlined a program which included the following points: Plans now represents a church membership for a nation-wide campaign or education and publicity were unanimous- of more than 17,000,000 in the United ly adopted. Pledges of support were made. Because of the danger from ~tates and Canada, served by approxpropaganda or nullification and disregard of law the Committee was Imately 96,000 pastors in 119,000 called upon to extend its work. The efforts in behalf of law observance churches. Relations between the will not be confined to prohibition groups alone but will include the en- churches and the Y. M. C. A. in small listment of existing organization of all types to make law observance a cities and rural communities have im- proTed in recent years, according to the results of a survey presented to thf' commission. The same survey showed that 506 Y. 11. C. A. secre- taries in 200 small cities (p5~s0i0t0iontos ?5,000 population) hold 823 III theIr local churches, serving as trustees, Sunday-school superintend- ents and teachers, choir members, and leaders of boys' and men's clubs.

Congregational Home Missions T HE completion of a hundred years of home mission work was celebrated at the recent annual meet- ing of the Congregational Home Mis-

sionary Society. The Society in its , 'Is it wrong to go to a movie or a first year had 169 missionaries, who dance alone with a 'trustful boy' Y"

rendered a total of 1,320 months of "What can a girl do when a boy service. This year its missionaries writes notes against school rules 1"

numbered 1,478, and the months of The Y. W. C. A. goes out to aid young service totaled 14,605. The total in- Indian girls on reservations and in come or the work of the Society was schools, helping them to bridge the $18,140 in 1826; for the year 1925- difficult period of transition between 1926 it was $1,229,810. More than the "ways of the blanket" of their 700,000 have been led into church parents and grandparents and the membership by the missionaries of the white man's religion, education and Society during its century of history. sanitation, after they leave schoo1.- The state of New York was the main American Friend.

field of the Society at the beginning.

The first year 120 of its 169 mission- Alaaka Native Brotherhood aries labored in New York, the only WILLIAM L. PAUIJ, a member of missionaries west of the Mississippi the Alaska Territorial Legisla- River in 1826 being three in Missouri. ture, describes this organization The missionaries of the Society today which, he says, "unites the native people of southeastern Alaska. It is are distributed in 45 states, Hawaii now fourteen years old, with camps and Alaska. They are laboring in the newer sections of the far West, and in the cities and rural districts of the in every village. Most of the camps East. Twenty-five languages other own large, well-equipped halls which than English are used in 304 Ioreign- are centers of village life. Though speaking missions. the Brotherhood is strictly unde- nominational yet the leaders ~re near- Indian Girls' Questions ly all graduates of the Sheldon T HAT the ways of white people Jackson School. Today the organiza- and present-day modes of conduct are puzzling to young Indian girls tion moves forward along four lines: in government schools and on Indian education, Christian morality, ecoreservations is revealed by recent nomics and politics. In its platform questions. Miss Edith M. Dabb, ex- are four planks: abolition of fish ecutive secretary of the work of the traps, huge fishing contrivances, often Y. W. C. A. among Indians and long a mile in length, catching as many as an authority on the life and customs 500,000 pounds a day; home rule for of Indian women, has recently made Alaska; competent Christian citizena study of some of the inquiries made ship; one nation, one language, one by young Indian girls. Questions of flag. The Brotherhood owns a printhonor, conduct, loyalty and truth are ing plant and publishes a monthly magazine which is read by white stressed. One that reflects the tragic people as well as natives. In the clash between their old regime at matter of internal legislation the home and modern ideas from school Alaska Native Brotherhood has seand college is, "Should we do what cured the passage of fair laws by the our parents say or what our schools legislature in support of prohibition teach us, if they fail to agree?" Deal- and schools; and the repeal of antiing with boys causes many perplexi- racial laws. It is proving true t{) the teaching of Jesus and is developing a ties. "How can girls act so that boys competent Christian citizenship." cannot take too much for granted?"

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1926

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Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF 'l'lIE WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. &inor CONTENTS FOR NOVEMBER. 1926 Paqe FRONTISPIEOE … Smm RESTILTS OF EVANGELICAL ~l!SSIONS IN SOTITH A:MERICA EDITORIALS ……………… . 83i A CHRISTIAN VIEW OF DISASTER A 'VORLD STUDENT CONFERENCE AT INOREASING CONFUSION IN CHINA AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE PRINOETON THE INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY ON AFRIOA COUKCIL PROGRAM DOES .30UTH AMERICA NEED MISSIONARIESl ………. 'THOMAS E. B.RBER S·l!} A study of actua,l eona'itioM in South American co1wtriesu;ith reference to the i "dians and other neglected people, THE WESTERN F.RONT OF WORLD MISSIONS …….. CHARLES fuTCH SEARS 853 A masterly presentation of the need for rnalcing America Christian in orde,' that it may become a better basis for world evangelism.

A NOTABLE CONVERSION FROM ISLAM . . . . . . . . . . A MISSIONARY IN PERSIA 858 The remarlcable story of a desoendant of Mohammed who has confessed C'm~st openly and is endu"ing perseO'l.,tion for the Gospel's salce.

MISSIONARIES CONFER IN PERSIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . W. N. WYSHAM 86-1 The story of the recent conference of workers among Moslems under the leader· ship of Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer.

A NEW ENTER.PRISE IN MESOPOTAMIA ……………… JAMES CANTlNE 8uG An account of the united mi.~8ionary work in Iraq conducted by the Ameriean Presbyterian Church, the Reformed Church in the United States and the Re· formed Church in AmcriJca.

POR. AFRICA-BERVICE OR SLAVERYf ………. A MISSIONARY IN RHODESIA 87(1 Fitst·hand pictute of the C>"uelties of enforced labO?' in Africa.

A HOUSE BY A WEST AFRICAN ROAlD . . . . . . . . . . . . MRS. WALTER B. WILLEMS Ri1 .A stirring story of service in behalf of black humanity iIn West Africa.

LOW CASTE CHRISTIANS IN DORNAKAL ……………………….. . 878 BEST METHODS …………………………. EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK 879 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN …… EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 885 W01vlAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN …. EDITED BY ELLA D." MACLAURIN 888 NEWS ]<'ROM MANY LANDS ……………………………………… . 891 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY 910 TI!lRM.S: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 5() cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1926, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUSLlSWNG COMPANY, INC. AU rights reserved.

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Robert E. Speer, President Delavan J:… Pierson, Sec:retaq Publication office. 3d " Reily Stl.• Hard.bu••• Pa. 25_ • COpy $2.50 • J"ar Ehtered ao •..,ond·cla•• matter at the POlt Office. Harrisbul'J'. Fa.. under Act of March s••8". PERSONALS Make)burMoneydoDouble ~ to Yourself~ CHARLES K. EDMUNDS, PH.D., president toHumandr~ from 1907 to 1925 of what was then known DURING many years, Bible'1n;ru~BcinCl$> as Canton Christian College, now Lingnan gcv shaatv~esmfafc~tiuonnlinn~ .idn'v;e;s~~hiln~dg10WIc~IndI"~'D~IS.'u4:"r~hUafVe University, has resigned as Provost of Johns Hopkins University, his Alma Mater, to be- theIr money In Bible come American Director of Lingnan Uni- Annuity Bonds-the in- . . versity, which has recently undertaken to come to go to them and their families during their raise a fund of $2",500,000'. lifetime, and the principal to be devoted later to the great uplifting work of the New York Bible Society. REV. JOHN M. MOORE, pastor for the past ten years of the Marcy Ave. Baptist You Can Invest $100 Up Church, Brooklyn, N. Y., has resigned to become one of the general secretaries of the Business men and churches recommend Bible Federal Council of ,churches. He will de- Annuity Bonds as the soundest of investments. vote his time to developing inter-church They never fluctuate. You have no anxiety. May cooperation in local communities and state- ~~d,sd~~~h~~r, t~~c.lives-husband and wife, mother # ~ wide areas. . The New York Bible Society has distributed ,~ JOHN LIVINGSTONE MOTT, son of Dr. and mllhons Qf copIes of the Scriptures free-in , Mrs. John R, Mott, has recently returned to m~ny languages and in raised type for the , India to continue as a social worker of the Y. M. C. A. at Nagpur, Central Provinces. bhnd. They have brought comfort and in.. / NEW He has married Miss Celeste Goddard, of sp~ration to coun.tless immigrants, seamen,., YORE New York City. prisoners, the SIck, the bljnd and aliens. / BIBLE * REV. R. E. DIFFENDORFER, D.D., secretary All sections of the ~ SOCIETY ·ountryJ all races of ~ of the Board of Foreigu Missions of the Dept. 34 Methodist Episcopal Church, accompanied by Mrs. Diffend6rfer, is making an extended humanity. receive;" 5 East 481. Street tour of Europe and the Far East, expecting to return to America next summer. untold benefits. ,-' New York City Mall Coupon / ' Gentlemen: With- tor FREE ~~ out obligation, please P&mphlets send me descriptive NEW YORK BIBLE ' .batn~lets. about your SOCIETY , , B, le nnmty Bonds.

MISS LuCY ,GAR.DNER, secretary of the 5 E.48lhSI.N Y.e. " Name ………………… . English organization known as "Copee," is visiting the United States on a speaking ,'Address …………..••.•••••• tour at the invitation of the World Alliance REFORMED CHURCH CENTENARY for International Friendship through the The one hundredth anniversary of the Churches. Board of Home Missions of the ·Reformed Church in the United States was held in * Philadelphia, on October 15th. The pro· gram included addresses by the members MR. A. W. ARMOUR of New York has • Gf the Board and superintenclents of depart· been elected treasnrer of the Presbyterian ments, greetings from church bodies ana ad- Board of Foreign Missions to succeed Mr. dresses by Mrs. John Ferguson, New York Dwight H. Day. Mr. Armour has been :1"- . . City, president of the ,council of Women fOl· Bistant to Mr. Raymond B. Fosdick a1ld hus Home Missions and 'Dr. John M. Moore, of made special financial studies of the various New York. organizations supported by Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr. He was born in Montreal, HUNGARY-A CORRECTION Canada, where he was for some years the assistant treasurer of the Dominion Rridge Company.

J. KINGSLEY BIRGE, formerly of the Inter- Rev. J. P. Piroch, of Chicago, calls our national College of Smyrna, Turkey, is now attention to an error in the Angust REVIEW ,candidate Secretary of the American Boar<l (pages 638·639) in the statement quoted of Commissioners for Foreign Missio1ls. from a Free Church of Scotland paper. He says: * "I was in Hungary nearly a year and the OBITUARY situation in Central Europe is well known to me. 'Protestantism in Hungary' should REV. JAMES NICOLL OGILVIE, D.D., presi- read: 'Protestantism in Czechoslovakia.' dent of the World Alliance of Reformed In Hungary there never were any Hussites. Churches Holding the Presbyterian System, Prague, the mother of Czechoslovaks, is in who was at one time a missionary in India, Bohemia, not in Hungary. I have been in died recently in Edinburgh, Scotland. Czechoslovakia during the religious move· ment since the end of the World War. The JOHN H. BRADFORD, since 1916 missionary new religious followers are known in our of the Presbyterian Board in West Africa, country by the name 'Ceskoslovenska and recently manager of the Halsey Memo· Cirkev' (Czechoslovak Church). They hav,) rial Press, at Elat, died early in October. more than one million followers which sep· Mr. Bradford was born in Belleville, K;all· arated from the Roman Catholic. Church, sas and was educated in Monmouth, Illinois after the war, and now are a branch of the and in Chicago. world Protestant Church."

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. This .is the larger educational work of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South.

A GROUP OF GRADUATES OF THE CHARLOTTE KEMPER SEMINARY, LAVRAS, BRAZIL. All but four are members of the E,vangeJical Church.

SOME RESULTS OF EVANGELICAL MISSIONS IN SOUTH AMERICA

NOVEMBER, 1926

XLIX ELEVEN rrHE A CHRISTIAN VIEW OF DISASTER problem of the loss of life among the Jews, caused by the fall of the Tower of Siloam in Bible times, is perennial. When- ever a disaster overtakes a nation, a community or an individual, many are ready to offer explanations, to say just how far God is responsible or what lessons He is seeking to teach erring humanity. '1'he famines in India, the floods in China, earthquakes in Japan, hurricanes in Florida, fires in San Francisco, epidemics in Africa, volcanic eruptions in Europe and other widespread destructive forces due to physical causes present peculiar problems. It is easier to explain the cause and cure of suffering due to wars, massacres, banditry, railway and automobile accidents and other losses where the human equation enters.

In the injury to human life and property, due to seemingly uncontrolled physical forces, many are quick to put the responsibility wholly on God as the controlling Power, asserting that He is visiting erring men and women with punishment for sin. Others hold the view that impersonal forces of nature alone are responsible-that a certain cause produces a certain effect and that God has nothing directly to do with it-except as the Author of natural laws. Many seek to avoid the dilemma by crediting God with responsibility only through His "permission."

Those who charge that these disasters have a punitive purpose face the difficulty of explaining why churches, Christians and little ehildren suffer with those living in open and wilful disobedience to God. On the other hand Christians cannot accept the contention that God is in no way responsible, for we believe in the superintending providence of God as the almighty and all-wise loving Heavenly Father.

Confessedly any attempted explanation involves problems and unsolved riddles which human knowledge and experience are too limited to understand. Ve know that men are sinners and deserve 837

chastisement. We know that the forces of nature are powerful and are governed by the law of cause and effect, but how directly or for what purpose God works through certain natural phenomena, who can say dogmatically?

There are, however, certain great truths that should not be over- looked in these disasters. Everv crisis or calamity is a time of test- ing, such as comes to a steel gi~der when it is subjected to a heavy strain. If there is a bad flaw or weakness, the girder will break. If it is up to specifications, it will stand approved. So these calamities, national and personal, offer an opportunity for a Christian to show strength of character and the power of God in.,.human life.

1. They test and reveal our faith in God, His wisdom and power and love. He is not an unfeeling judge or powerless to control the forces that He has created. Christians believe that God is a loving Father and almighty Ruler who does all things well.

2. They r.eveal our confidence that we are safe in His keeping. Disasters,. however closely they may touch us, are among the "all things" that work together for good to those who love God. While men in rebellion against God may suffer permanent injury, the children of God, who are in His will, cannot really be harmed by injuries to their bodies and property.

3. They reveal and clarify our true estimate of values. Weare apt to lose sight of the fact that temporal things aTe only temporal. "V-hen physical possessions aTe thTeatened, then we Tealize that it is the spiritual things that are eternal and of greatest worth. Even physical life itself is not of greatest importance, else martyrs all were misguided fanatics. The loss of earthly things should help to emphasize faith in immortality.

4. They reveal and develop sympathy and brotherly love. Were there no calamities or sorrows there would be nothing to call fOTth the fineT qualities of human natuTe such as benevolence, compassion and self-sacrifice for the sake of others.

5. They test and reveal the metal of which we aTe made. The greatest humans are not those who have had the most comfortable time in life. In trouble, we seek comfort and help from those who have passed through troubles. It would be a curse if Christians were always immune from suffering and loss, 6. They reveal our aptness as learners in God's School. Every so-called calamity may be a blessed messenger of God, however much disguised. The San Francisco earthquake and fire taught men how to build a better city. Every epidemic, flood or famine sets men to work to discover remedies and preventive measures .and to apply them; railway and motor accidents lead to laws and new safety devices; wars lead.to peace movements and international tribunals for the settlement of disputes.

7. The facing of sudden death and disaster causes men and

1926J EDITORIAL COMMENTS 8';9

women to pause and consider the transitoriness of human life, the wages of sin, and the need to seek first the spiritual and eternal things of God's Kingdom. Such experiences lead us to take account of stock, to examine the road on which we are traveling and the goal toward which we are headed.

It is true that physical disaster and death are nnpleasant to all who have a normal love of life; but in the present order of things decay and death are a blessing, for out of decay comes new life and through death of the old generation a new generation is given larger opportunity. Great benefits have come to God's children and God's work through the physical hardships endured by missionaries in Africa, the sufferings due to the turmoil in China, the persecutions in India, the difficulties caused by financial stress in Europe and through the many other trials to which men are subject. No trial has overtaken us but such as is common to all mankind and with each trial God gives power to overcome and makes a way of escape so that victory and not defeat may be ours.

INCREASING CONFUSION IN CHINA CONDITIONS in China will probably be worse before they are better, although newspaper reports make them seem about as bad as they can be. With no real central government, with the eountry divided under rival loaders, Chang Tso-lin in the north, Sun Chuan-fang in the east, Wu Pei-fu in the west and the Cantonese troops in the south. Bandits roam the country, attacking towns, looting shops, kidnapping missionaries and other foreigners in some instances. It is also reported that extensive Russian bolshevistic propaganda continues through paid agents from Moscow. The Christian general, Marshal Feng Yu-hsiang, having failed to unite China, is reported to be stUdying in Europe or biding his time on the northwest frontier of China.

Without any strong, high-principled, patriotic leader who can bring harmony among the various sections of China, and without any unifying ideal and purpose, the present condition of the country is deplorable in the extreme. Each day brings fresh news of towns looted, battles fought, domestic strife more bitter, and foreign relations more strained. On October 5th, Mr. Thomas F. Millard, Shanghai correspondent of the New Yark Times} cabled as follows: Although reports from many parts of China reveal a somewhat precarious situation for the foreigners, with frequent violence, abductions and damage to property, nevertheless the mission boards at Shanghai are not inclined to be seriously alarmed for the safety of isolated stations. Such incidents, so far reported, are the acts of bandits and not officials or soldiers.

Today a leading missioner said: "The presence of foreign naval forces tends to aggravate instead of pacifying conditions. The gunboats' clashes with the Chinese sometimes imperil the missionaries outside the scope of tht!ir direct operations."

The leading British newspaper in Shanghai urges stronger action in the interest of the Chinese masses, who are said to be suffering much more than the foreigners under the mismle of the militarists. The majority of the missionaries are averse to forcible intervention. They realize, however, that the state of China calls for some action to check the collapse of authority.

Conditions in Peking are getting worse weekly. The straw Cabinet has practically vanished, every member seeking safety either. in the legation quarter or the foreign concession at Tientsin. Peking seems to be lapsing into anarchy. Groups of unruly soldiers are completely out of hand. The Government cannot pay salaries and it is unlikely that any government which the foreign powers can recognize will be formed for years. Most of the foreigners in Peking, who a few months ago rejoiced in the expulsion of the Kuominchun (Marshal Feng's army) would welcome them back now.

Some of the missionaries in outlying districts are suffering and the work is greatly hindered by the military operations, by anti-foreign sentiment and by banditry. In southern Hunan, Cantonese troops have occupied some mission schools and hospitals. In eastern Hunan, the Evangelical Church Mission (Cleveland, Ohio) reports a very s;erious situation. Rev. B. H. Niebel says: About two months ago an army of Chinese Soviets from Canton in the southeastern part of China entered Hunan, taking possession of Chaling, the southeastern station of our Mission, also Yuhsien Hospital, and the Liling Hospital, the Albright High School, a church and other mission properties. The disturbance has been severe and a great trial to our missionaries.

From a letter just received from C. Newton Dubs of the Evang-elical Mission in Hunan (dated August 24), we quote the following: The Cantonese army is pressing northward by the thousands and seemed to come" as grasshoppers for multitude." Many young boys and lithe young men are among the number. The soldiers devoured and preempted everything, like a plague of "grasshoppers."

Our churches all along the way, Chuan Wan, Huangtolin, Hsinshih, and at Yuhsien are of necessity "keeping open house" and serve as lodging places for the Communistic Army. Much damage is done to our property. The pastor in charge of these churches is compelled by the army officers and soldiers to be their menial servant, at their "beck and call" day and night, and the demands are of every possible kind, even to furnishing prostitutes or directing them to them. The lot of the preacher is a hard one, his owIl' household property is used indiscriminately and often ruined. The soldiers never stop to clean up when they leave and are not particular what they take along. In Yuhsien and in Liling, the soldiers vacate the auditorium for Sunday services, standing around in the adjoining rooms on the side, talking in loud voices, etc. They hold on to the buildings for use of passing troops.

Our schools and schoolrooms, and some foreign dwellings, are also occupied, though the commanders say they will vacate when these schools are to be opened for the incoming pupils. The people in general do not come to our hospitals very much now; the people wounded by the soldiers, i. e., Chinese not in the army, come for treatment. In some cases the soldiers pay their bills. Soldiers are a hard class to control and full of insolence in the wards. They refuse to leave (some of them) when cured and do not pay.

Religious work is impossible. The army is composed mostly of unbelievers and infidels, who are not slow to scoff. All services are interrmpted.

1926J EDITORIAL COMMENTS 8'4.1

Many are ready to debate about Christianity, but listen to a sermon, they will not.

There are some Christians in the army, yet the principles of communism are not in harmony with the Spirit of Christ. Work of the Bureau of Agita- tors, whose aim it is to explain and make the doctrines of Communism palpable to all classes, follow closely the methods of work of the missionary. Their street preaching is very effective, their posters as attractive as those of the best kind issued by any organization in China. The venom of these agitators is dangerous. Many of them have been trained in mission schools. Here is a free translation of three placards, one of which I know was put upon the front doors of our Yuhsien church: "Christ's Church and his doet"ine is a poison paralyzing our youth; Christ's CM.trch and doctrine is an agency 1tsUrping our U1If1{/Uage to make us Chinese stupid and foolish; The Church of Christ from England and America are both robbing us of aLL our preci01~.s inherita.n.ce and wealth!'

"Churches and property belong to the Chinese," is a slogan of the whole army, and it finds fertile soil. All the property the army uses is deteriorating. If we repair, the army gets the use of the repairs; if we do not, the deterioration is still worse. Either plan consumes quite a sum. The more buildings we erect the more they will have to use later on. We are in truth the" guests of China," a courteous phrase used hitherto in referring to us missionaries, but we are to be dispossessed in due time.

Pray for missionaries in China. They labor under serious difficulties and are in great danger.

The capture and ill-treatment of missionaries is comparatively rare, but is occasionally reported. On October 3, bandits attacked a large party of missionaries while they were going to Shenchow-fu, Hunan Province, and robbed and carried off three Americans-Miss Minerva S. Weil and Karl H. Beck, of the Reformed Church in U. S. Mission, and Miss Lydia Koebbe of the Evangelical Mission. Seven other missionaries who escaped are now reported safe at Taoyuan Tayo.

Supplementary messages carry an appeal of the Methodist Episcopal Mission in Nanchang for volunteers to assist in caring for the wounded Chinese. The Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in the United States received a message recently, in which the robbery and capture of some missionaries was announced, but it gave no details. Miss Minerva S. Weil, one of the missionaries carried away, was in charge of the Bible Woman's Training School in Shenchow-fu. The Rev. George E. E'pp, Executive Secretary of the Evangelical Missionary Board of Cleveland, reports that Miss Lydia Koebbe is connected witli the Foreign Mission Department of the Evangelical Church and is in charge of a girl's boarding school at Tung Jen, Province of Kweichow, the next province west of Hunan.

In the recent raid on Ohow-kiakow, an important city in Honan Province, there was great suffering by the Chinese between September 17 and September 23. The only missionaries actually resident upon the mission premises at the time were Mr. Davies and Miss

Poppins, and later Mr. Davies was kidnapped. The correspondent of the North China Daily News says: Bandits cleared the city of women and children and members of the better-class homes. The number they took with them was so great that it was impossible to feed and control them. As a result hundreds dropped by the wayside dead, and the sick are lying in the roads leading to the city.

Mr. Davies was seized by Wang Chien-kuei of the Sixth Brigade. The pastor, who is of the China Inland Mission, was severely handled and tortured with hot irons.

The serious anti-foreign movement is spreading in southern and western China. The exodus of British citizens from Szechuan Province continues and American missions have been warned they had better concentrate at Chungking. One cable states: Five hundred missionaries were reported isolated and unable to escape from Chengtu, in Szechwan Province, according to a Shanghai dispatch to The Daily Express. Chengtu is the headquarters' for numerous American and English missionaries' societies of all denominations. '

Meantime the brigand captors of the English missionary, the Rev. C. Freeman Davies, are moving south, sacking and burning towns as they go. The fate of' three British missionaries at Changte, Ro., one of the looted towns, is not known. Two C. 1. M. women missionaries are reported to have been seized at Yungchang, in Yunnan Province.

Rabid anti-British propaganda continues. A Chinese secret society, says this dispatch, is reported to have placed a price of $50 on every foreigner's head. Natives are demanding confiscation of British property and the expulsion of the British from Szechwan province.

The evacuation of Chungking, Szechwan, by British residents has caused jubiliation among the Chinese, who believe Britain has been beaten. Chinese newspapers are triumphant. They declare, "We could eat the British and swallow their hides whole. "

The political and military situation still is in chaos. The recent replacement of a Wu Pei-fu man in command of Peking by an appointee of Chang Tso-lin indicates that the combine may be dissolved and shows Wu Pei-fu's power is gone. His nominees in the Peking Cabinet on resigning probably will be replaced by Chang Tso-lin's men. Chinese and many foreigners would welcome any change that would be likely to give new direction to China's political evolution.

How any constructive, evangelistic and educational work can be conducted under these disturbed conditions it is difficult to understand, and yet most of the mission schools and colleges are open, hospitals are in operation and the church work is being carried on as usual-except when chapels are occupied by armies. The missionaries are generally recognized as the truly unselfish friends of China. While warring factions are devastating the country and the Chinese are killing each other, these foreigners are patiently carrying on their work for China and are urging their governments to be patient and to take away all causes of friction in international relations. Some of the missionaries are proposing to form a new society to be known as "The Friends of China."

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AFRICA " EVERYWHERE there is a new attitude towards Africa which is turning it from the continent of tragedies to the land of responsibilities and opportunities. On the Government side there are remarkable changes in concepts and policies, chief of which are the Mandate principles and the creation of the Colonial Office Educational Advisory Committee. The commercial element realizes it cannot take everything out and give nothing in return. Missionaries are working with the Africans more and more, while on the African side there is the new race consciousness. The world attitude, too, is changing, and it is the need of the future that all these forces should be welded together. We must drive from our thoughts all concepts of nationality and race and become one for the redemption and full development of Africa."

Thus spoke Dr. Thomas Jesse Jones at the Africa Missionary Conference, held under the auspices of the International Missionary Council, in Le Zoute, Belgium, from September 12th to 20th. The chairman 'was Dr. Donald .E'raser, a Scotch missionary, formerly in Livingstonia. The organizer was Mr. J. H. Oldham of London.

There were present government administrators, like Sir Frederick Lugard, late Governor General of Nigeria; M. Louis' Franck, late Secretary of State for the Colonies for Belgium; General de Meulemeestl;lr, ex-Governor of the Belgian Congo; Sir Edward Garraway, late Resident in Basutoland; the Hon. E. B. Denham, Colonial ~ecretary to Kenya Colony; Major Hanns Vischer, Secretary of the African Educational Committee of the British Colonial Office. They reported that the stage of development is now fully opened and governments see that central to the success of government is the development in health of body, and equipment of mind and in morale of the African himself.

There were also scholars, like Prof. Julius Richter of Berlin; Prof. Westermann, the great philologist of African languages and Director of the new International Institute of African Languages and Tribal Cultures; and the Rev. Edwin W. Smith, whose "Ila-Speaking Peoples of Northern Rhodesia" is already an anthropological classic; and Dr. T. Jesse Jones, famous for his leadership of the Phelps-Stokes Fund Commission of Enquiry on "Education in Africa. "

Negro leaders came from America, as well as Africa, men and women, educators and preachers, whose speeches and personal talks kept the members face to face with living realities. Missionaries and secretaries of Mission Boards came from different areas of Africa, representing numerous communions and many nations.

Specialist workers in the Moslem world included Bishop Gwynne of Egypt and the Sudan; Dr. S. M. Zwemer; and Miss Constance

Padwick, Secretary of the Christian Literature Council for Moslem Lands.

During the conference, with increasing clearness, there came into view the great movements and demands affecting all workers in Africa. All the European powers have discovered that the time has passed away when they need only occupy themselves with securing conditions of peace and order and facilities of transport and some revenue. The human wealth of Africa is seen to be the primary concern of government. As Sir Frederick Lugard putl it, the increasing acceptance of the principle underlying the League of Nations mandate conception will bring as great a change as was the abolition of slavery. One effect of thisjs that everywhere governments are entering the field of education, hitherto the almost exclusive field of missions, which are today responsible for over 90% of the education of Africans. Missions must reshape their policy to meet that new situation. The cooperation of missions with government in this sphere is most clearly exemplified in the formation by the British Colonial Office of its Permanent Advisory Committee on African Education: One of the questions under discussion was: Shall the native be African or belong to Western civilization ~ Shall he take a European Ohristianity or an African 7 The answer given was: Neither and both-he takes the Gospel through Western and through African hands from Christ. As to the races, we stand for differentiation of method and order of life, but identity of ideal and of communion with the Eternal God through Christ.

The resolutions adopted at Le Zoute, arising directly from the discussions in the sectional groups by men and women responsible in the field and in the home boards for putting them in practice, present in outline a coherent, practical policy of action which can in time profoundly influence for good the destinies of that continent and its peoples. These resolutions cover the great areas of influence in the life of the Africa of today and tomorrow-cvangelism, education, health and native welfare, land labor, woman, language and literature."

The resolution on education views native education in Africa as a cooperative undertaking, in which Government, missions, natives and the commercial community are concerned. After defining the sphere of government authority, and recommending a scheme of visiting teachers, and a revenue policy adequate to the elementary education of all native children, it proposes a curriculum related to the total life of the community, with character development based on religion covering all, and especially health, the building of a sound home life, and an informed use of recreation. It concludes with a • The Report of the Conference will be ready in a few weeks and can be obtained! by ordering from the International Missionary Conference, 2, Eaton GlLte, London, S. W. 1 at 3s. 6d.• or trom 25 Madison Avenue, New York, U. S. A.. at $1.

1926J EDITORIAL COMMRNTS

strong plea for a specifically religious education of the highest efficiency, including religious knowledge, its translation into ethical practice, and its relation to worship. In order that all this should be pursued in practice with the maximum speed and efficiency, a commission is proposed to survey the whole field of religious education in Africa.

A special committee, which has been considering the subject of American Negroes and Africa, reported that Negro preachers and teachers who meet the same tests as are applied to other missionaries should be encouraged to engage in missionary work in Africa, but due regard should be paid to the many delicate situations that might he created in certain areas as to their relation to white men and other Negro workers.

The members of the Conference saw clearly that throughout the whole range of the missions and the churches a new drawing upon the adequate power of Almighty God can alone carry through the tasks to which He has called them in Africa.

A WORLD STUDENT CONFERENCE AT PRINCETON T HE recent conference, called "~World Students and the Chris- tian Church,"* was, from several standpoints, of special in- terest to those related to the foreign missionary cause.

It was a student gathering, held under the auspices of the Continuation Committee of the Evanston Interdenominational Student Conference. Mr. Ralph F. Barton, a graduate student of the University of Missouri, the Executive Secretary of this committee, has taken the leadership in the promotion of this and other conferences. The invitations and general arrang.ements were in the hands of Mr. George Paik, a Korean, who is at present a graduate stude~t at Yale.

The attendance was limited to approximately forty 'American students, an equal number of foreign students, and about. twenty representatives of Mission Boards and other organizations of the Church. Representatives of the Boards, of the Y. M. C. A., and the Y. W. C. A., and of the Church addressed the conference, and took part in the discussions, but the actual control of the conference was in the hands of the students.

In a real sense it was a foreign student conference. Thirty-eight foreign students represented China, India, Japan, Korea and the Philippines. The Central Board of the Chinese Student Christian Association and the Executive Board of the Japanese Student Christian Association met immediately after the conference, and almost all of their officers were present during its sessions. One day was given to a discussion of the cultural background of the six national groups represented; another day to a consideration of the • Held at Princeton. New Jersey. September 10-16. 1926.

foreign students in America.t Students from Korea, Ohina and Japan presided at different sessions. At these sessions the vital part which foreign students can take in the work of the Church ill America and in their homelands, and the opportunities of service by American Christians for the nearly ten thousand students in this country were emphasized.

It was also a study conference. Its membership was limited ~o that there might be opportunity for free and full discussion. This is perhaps the first time that foreign and American students have been brought so closely and so informally into touch with the re- sponsible representatives of the work of the Ohurch, both at home and abroad, and have been given opportunity to question these rep- resentatives concerning all phases of the diversified program of the Ohurch. Some interesting opinions were expressed as to the type of missionaries that thould be sent to the homelands of these students and a list of qualifications, made up from the suggestions of the for- eign students included the following: Willingness" to play second fiddle"; teachableness; sympathy with and understanding of national culture and history of foreign countries; fairness in describing conditions abroad; good humor; absence of race prejudice; culture and well-rounded education; willingness to work with rather than for the natives; good health; outstanding character and personality; not narrow denominationalists; an understanding of social, economic and political problems; a possession of true Christian experience, not merely an "efficiency man" j loyalty to Christ and a belief in Him as Saviour.

Mter the foreign students had expressed themselves thus frankly about missionaries, they asked for an equally frank criticism of themselves by the American students and others present. The following points were made: Foreign students should be more true to their own culture; should know the historical and cultural background of their own countries; when they speak they should make clear that they are speaking as individuals and not as authorized spokesmen of their countries; they should try to share with American students their religion and life; they are often too aloof and too proud or too sensitive; Christian foreign students should try to influence other foreign students who are not Ohristians; some of their criticisms of missions and missionaries are not well founded and do harm to the missionary cause; some Ohristian foreign students do not have the courage to bear witness to Christ and to the work of His Church when these are under fire.

The foreign students expressed, by a rising vote, their appreciation of what the missionaries are doing for their countries, and the Mission Board representatives and American students, also, in a rising vote, expressed appreciation and gratitude for all that foreign students had brought to the life of A.merica and of the Church. Some misconceptions were cleared away and the conference was an t The background of information 1m' this discussion was su.pplied by the survey. caned "The Foreign Student in A merica," published last year by a Commission on Survey of Foreign Students, an expansion of the Friendly Relations Committee who have been pioneers in thi.s field.

IIJ26J EDITORIAL COMMENTS

illustration of the reciprocal benefits that come from following the scriptural injunction to "speak the truth in love."

The final impression of the conference was the essential unity among Ohristian students despite an obvious diversity. There was a steadily deepening consciousness of this unity of feeling and conviction in regard to the central truths and values to be found in Ohrist and in the service of humanity in His Name. The evening sessions were devoted to Bible study and to a consideration of some of the central messages of Ohristianity. Part of one evening session was given over to personal statements by individual students of what Ohrist meant to them, and another evening to what message Ohrist had for this generation in the solution of present-day world problems. The conception of the uniqueness and beauty and power of Ohrist to meet every need is always clarified and magnified by such testimony, and especially by the witness of those who have come out of strange and un-Ohristian environments into an appreciation of Christ and His gifts. The last session, when a communion service was held, was an expression of this oneness and fellowship. The six elders who took part in the sacrament were representatives of the six nations having delegates at the conference. In this Occidental setting a new meaning was given to the words of the Sage of the Orient, "All within the four seas are brothers." These words were verified and glorified through the word of another, so distinct during those days at Princeton, "One is your Master even Christ, and all ye are brethren.

W. R. WHEELER.

THE INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY COUNCIL PROGRAM T HE meeting of the Committee of the International Missionary Council in Sweden in July had added significance in view of a thorough-going inquiry undertaken by the Committee as to whether there is a real program for the International Missionary Council. Does the Council command the resources, personal and group, that will enable it to maintain a level and a'standard that commend them to respect ~ The Council was the logical and, perhaps, the inevitable successor to the Continuation Committee of the Edinburgh Oonference of 1910. When the Oontinuation Oommittee ceased to function soon after the outbreak of the war, it was so essential that the growing missionary enterprise of the Ohristian churches of Europe and America should have some international coordinating body that, in 1921, the International Missionary Council came into being on a thoroughly representative basis. There have been two meetings of the Oouncil, and three of its Committee.

At the recent meeting of the Oommittee of the Council opportunity was given for a thorough inquiry as to its program. The reports of the executive officers revealed very important contacts

which they were maintaining, of real advantage to the Boards at the home base and to the indigenous Churches growing up in mis- sion fields. Among these contacts was the British Advisory Committee on Education in Africa, which is working in collaboration with important interests in the United States and Belgium.

Another important contact of the Council, through its executive officers, was that formed with the International Institute of African Languages and Cultures, with obvious advantage to missions in placing at their command the most expert counsel in the world, and of large advantage to Africa in mobilizing those who understand it.

Furthermore, the Council, through its officers, is making a study of the organization and administration of union institutions in different countries, with a view to making this information available in a field of very important mission administration in union movements. The place of women in the Church on the mission field, a question which is arousing much interest in Asia, as in America; and also that other question of much importance-student migrations-are receiv- ing careful study on the part of the officers of the Council. Dr. Mott, the chairman of the committee, brought to the gathering the results of a recent journey to mission fields in the Pacific Basin, during which journey he had visited Japan, Korea, China, the Philippines, Malaya, the Dutch East Indies, Australia and New Zealand.

These services which the Council, through its officers, is render- ing to the missionary cause, made it clear that it had a real program.

Among the important elements in that program in the im- mediate future, the Committee emphasized the following: Spiritual Vitality, The Presentation of the Christian Message in Relation to non-Christian Faiths, Enlisting the New Generation, Enlisting the Service of Laymen, Christian Education, Devolution Problems of Indigenous Churches and Christian Literature.

Another important decision was with reference to the next meet- ing of the Council. Because of the growing strength of the churches in ARia and Africa and the nature of the problems to be faced it was felt desirable to meet somewhere in Asia, where representatives of the rising Churches in the Orient and those of the sending Churches in the West might come face to face and take up their common problems. Jerusalem was selected as the logical place, where three con- tinents converge, the common home of all the Christian groups of the world, and on the continent where the problems of the younger Churches are most acute. The membership of this next Council meeting was fixed at not to exceed 200, including the members of the Council, an equal number of representatives from the indigenous· Churches and a limited group of specialists. The main themes of the Council meeting are to be those mentioned above; the time of the meeting is to be the Easter season of 1928. w. I. c.

A GROUP OF COUNTRY PEOPLE; TAKEN NEAR COVENAS. COLOMBlc4

Does South America Need Missionaries?

BY REV. THOMAS E. BARBER, MEDELLIN, COLOMBIA SOME people, not familiar with the facts, tllink of South Amer- ica as already Christian, so that there is little or no need for Evangelical missionary work in these republics. It is very true that not all South Americans are ignorant and pagan. On the contrary many in the beautiful and attractive, modern cities, and in rural regions, are equal in culture, breadth of knowledge, and progressive ideas, to those in similar occupations in any land. They take important part in international counsels and are gaining world recognition as leaders of modern thought and progress. But this is also true of modern India, Japan, China and other countries that are generally recognized as proper mission territory.

Does South America then need missionaries 1 We must remember that most of the great Indian population is still as pagan as when the Spaniards first landed there. They are neglected and ignorant. They need missionaries. They are able to learn and the lives of many are transformed as truly by the Gospel as is the case among other peoples. Parents long to have their children have an opportunity to learn. These poor, unlettered Indians sometimes stand before a missionary with sad faces and show their children, earnestly asking that a teacher be sent to them. During past centuries little has been done either by the Roman Catholic Church 849 2

or the State for them, and nothing adequate is being done for them now.

Many leading citizens of South America who are Roman Catholics, and even priests in good standing in this same church, recognize this need for evangelical missionaries.

One day an ex-president of Colombia said to me: "A great part of our people are only half civilrzed and they are afraid of the Protestants and persecute them because they do not know them and their teachings. They are ignorant and superstitious and know no better. The missionaries need to come more in contact with the people, especially in the smaller towns, and when the people know them and their teachings about Christ and the Bible, then they will lose their fanaticism and respect the Protestants."

A prominent business man made the following statement: " We lleed you Protestants and your work. You teach the Bible and our priests do not. Our priests are so ignorant that they do not know the BibJe."

A prominent lawyer on being approached by the missionary about some business matters said: "I shall gladly render to you any service I can without charge because you missionaries are doing something to help our country. You strive to educate and uplift whereas our priests tyrannize and keep the people in ignorance."

A young Colombian recently graduated from an institution in the United States said: "Mr. Barber, when you tell me of the persecutions you missionaries sufier, and the conditions among these mountains it makes me think of the missionaries I used to hear tell of their work in India and China and the conditions there when I was a student in the United States."

We might add thousands of testimonies of the parents from all walks of life who send their children to Evangelical schools. The poor in the multitude of towns say: "Come to us; send us ministers and teachers to help us."

Such requests are too numerous to be counted, and come to us frequently. Our :first missionaries went to the cities of Bogota and Barranquilla, because of urgent appeals made to the Mission Board by pr:ominent citizens.

The majority of Catholic priests in these South American republics are not only opposed to Protestantism, but they bitterly oppose the open Bible. Every year there are numerous examples of persecutions toward both the nationals and the missionaries. I have been arrested twice this year for selling the Bible, the charge being that the Bible is an immoral book. In one case the mayor of the town refused to take the responsibility to decide against the priest who had brought the charges, and appealed to the governor of the state who at once replled declaring the Bible to be a good book. There was no attempt on the part of officials to inflict punish-

DOES SOU'fU AMERICA NEED MISSIONARIES!

ment in these instances but jails and prisons have often opened their doors to receive Evangelicals whom the priests accused only of selling the sacred Scriptures to the people. Bibles have often been confiscated and burned, even as late as 1925.

One priest, who has been for several years friendly toward me and who is a graduate of the Catholic Seminary of Medellin, perhaps the best in Colombia, told me that they had taught him only a little of their philosophy, a little of their theology, and batred toward all other beliefs. Today they are teaching the same. He said that when he -was graduated he was a poor, innocent young man who knew nothing. He had tried for over forty years to preach the Gospel but during all that time he had never read the Gospel. The first time INDIAN GIRLS AND WOMEN IN CENTRAL AMERICA (GUATEMALA) The shawls and dresses are all of bright colors and the Christian women look happy.

he ever read the Bible was when he purchased a copy from one of our colporteurs. It seemed so good that he purchased four more and gave them to other priests.

An ex-priest, Roldan, left the Roman Catholic Chureh in the year 1922, and united with the E:vangelical Church at Dabeiba in the year 1923. Later he gave up a position with a comfortable income in order to establish a school in a mountain region where there were no means whereby the children might receive an education. Last January the bishop of that diocese sent one of his most prominent priests with a letter signed by the bishop and more than thirty priests beseeching Roldan to return to the "mother church." On arriving at the house the messenger said: "Father Roldan, the bishop has sent me to take you back to the Church."

Roldan replied: "That is impossible, but come in and we will

talk about it. " When the man entered the house Roldan said to him: •'What does the Second Commandment say?" The priest pulled from his pocket a New Testament which he had borrowed in Dabeiba and began turning its leaves. Roldan said: "What are you looking forT" "Looking for the Ten Commandments," was the reply. "Man, " said Roldan, ' ,You are just as ignorant as I was before I 10ft the Church of Rome!" The following day Roldan met two other priests of Dabeiba and all showed the same lack of knowledge.

The spirit of intolerance toward Evangelicals was shown last February when I was visiting a number of preaching places of the Medellin station in company with the national minister of the Medellin church. As we were nearing the town of Segovia and while descending into a narrow valley two men and seven or eight young women of the poorer class began shouting, "Here come the Protestants! The devils are here." At the same moment we noticed a priest coming at full gallop towards us and shouting: "Down with the Protestants! Down with the heretics, .the followers of Luther. Hurrah for'the Pope and the holy Virgin!"

We waited for this priest to arrive and then greeted him cordially, allowing him and his followers to take the lead. On arriving at the town the priest called out to the people on both sides of the street: "Here are the wolves I Look at the wolves! Beware of the wolves I" At the public square he shouted: "May they give you nothing to eat, for yourselves or your horses." The people, already knowing us, became indignant over his behavior, and our meetings were larger than ever. What would have been the result if the town had been fanatical like so many of the townspeople1 Among the more enlightened priests many respect the Evangelicals and are very friendly. Righteous lives and enlightenment are winning the admiration and love of those who were formerly enemies; so that now they are not only friendly, but have become helpers.

Missionaries are urgently needed in South America. We must take into consideration the vast untouched areas, as pagan today as when the first white man set foot on these western continents. There are vast regions over which the Roman Catholic Church has had complete sway for more than four centuries, that today report appalling statistics of illiteracy, illegitimacy and poverty. Ought not Christians in the more fortunate lands count it all joy to have the blessed privilege of lending a helping hand to them and to rise up and take the message of Christ's Truth and Freedom to them?

South America needs Evangelical missionaries, because South America needs to know and to obey the Word of God.

Western Front of World

BY REV. CHARLES HATCH SEARS, D.D., NEW YORK General Seeretary of the New York City Baptist Mission Society " T IFE is a festival only to the wise," says Emerson. "Seen L from the nook and chimneyside of prudence it wears a ragged and dangerous front. Our culture, therefore, must !lot omit the arming of the man. The commonwealth and his own well-being require that he should not go dancing in the weeds of peace. . . . 'l'oward all this external evil the man within the breast ,1 ssumes a warlike attitude."

·World missions today "wears a ragged and dangerous front." '1'0 face it requires what Emerson calls, "a military attitude of the soul" to which he gives the name of heroism.

'Ve do not face closed doors, or armies, or open persecution, save only in a few restricted areas, but we face a new intellectual con-· fiict waged against all religions. We face a cynical disregard of Christianity because it has taken itself so lightly. We face, in the East, the renaissance of old world religions and the denial of the superiority of Christianity.

In Europe, we face a new alliance between a religion of ceremony and sacrament and political expediency and coercion, particularly in Italy.

In the great world-wide, interdenominational missionary conference which was held in ·Washington last January, the minor note, perhaps it might even be called the motif, was an exceedingly serious note-as though the modern foreign mission movement in its first one hundred and ten years had passed through the period of confident youth and had emerged into the disillusionment of age. There was no note of uncertain religious faith; no uncertainty about the Great Commission. It is one of the discoveries of modern missions. There was no doubt of the vindication of the great venture of foreign missions, a vindication in ten thousand thousand lives transformed through the century. In the words of Dr. John B. McLaurin, of India, spoken at this conference: "The transformation of the individual in Jesus Christ is not only the basis, but also is the vindication of all that we are doing tl).rough Him, and that He is doing through us throughout the world today."

Why then this minor strain7 I found the answer in the terrific reaction of the West upon the East during the past ten years. What we are in the West thunders so loud that they cannot hear what our missionaries say.

Listen to the words of Christian leaders of many lands, spoken at Washington. Hear their indictment of the West. "In the old 853

days a heavy curtain hung between the East and the West," said Bishop Brent. "Now times have changed; the veil is torn down. The Orient knows only too well how the people in the churches of the West are living, and how many of them are betraying the Gospel that is being proclaimed to the yellow and brown and black races."

A native Christian leader of India, Professor John Jesudason Cornelius said, "Never has there been a time in human history so critical and so challenging. At no time was western civilization so much discredited in the Orient, as today. The West and the East have become closely intertwined through commercial and territorial expansion. Such expansion has really made the practice of Christ's principles almost impossible. Once the East had great confidence in the West, but, alas! now she is mentally armed against the West."

"The Oriental mind of today," said Dr. Kirk, of Baltimore, after an extended trip in the Orient, "is dominated by a spirit of intense criticism of all things Western."

We see a peculiar expression of this in the reaction of the Chinese ,students. The words of Bishop Herbert Welch, of Tokyo, spoken of course before the recent unfortunate events in China, are significant: "On the other hand one finds in the Far East an opposition to Christianity which, while not altogether new, has some recent and disagreeable developments. Take, for instance, the movement among the Chinese students of higher schools, not merely anti-religious in general but anti-Christian in particular, an opposition belligerent and determined, led by members of the faculties of universities, and based upon the belief that Christianity means militarism and capitalism, which systems they do not desire to have fastened upon their own land."

What they understand by industrialism is revealed by an advertisement which Miss Margaret Burton reported that she had seen in a Chinese newspaper: "The profits of the – – – factory again surpassed $1,000,000. For the past two years it has been running night and day with scarcely any intermission. The number of hands employed is 2,500 and the following is the wage table per day: Men . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 to 25 cents Women ………………………………. 10 to 15 cents Boys (about 15 years) ………………….. 10 to 15 cents Girls (about '1& years) …………………. 5 to 10 cents Small boys (about 10) …………………. 5 to 10 cents Small girls (about. 10) ……………….. 3% to 5 cents "The working hours are from 5: 30 A. M. to 5: 30 P. M., and from 5: 30 P. M. to 5: 30 A. M. No meals are supplied by the factory." The advertisement continues: "It will be seen that the company is in an exceptionally favorable position, with an abundant and absurdly cheap labor supply to draw on, and no vexatious factory laws to observe."

Can we wonder that India prefers old-time hand work rather than new-time factory production' Here we see the "law of supply

THE WESTERN FRONT OF WORLD MISSIONS

and demand" in vicious operation with human labor dealt with as a commodity.

Dr. Goodsell, of Turkey, after referring to an interesting interview with a high-minded Turkish editor, said: "Turkey looks to America and says: 'Your charity is fine; your passion for freedom is glorious; your strength is unmeasured; but I do not see that religion plays much part in your life. Look at your public scandals; look at the way you treat the negroes; look at your industrial injustices.' " . . . From this and from her own experience, Turkey has drawn the conclusion: "We can expect no help from religion, from any religion, in the rebuilding of our national life."

In speaking of the effect of America's treatment of her internal problems, Bishop Welch, of Tokyo, said, "I am bound to say that this immigration question, touching not simply the admission of aliens but the treatment of aliens after they are admitted, has a very direct connection with the progress of Christianity in the Orient."

Recently I heard Professor Paul Monro, of Teachers College, who has spent much time for several years in Europe and in Asia, say that until a few years ago the East admitted that Christianity had one great superiority over other religions, the position and character of Western women as compared with Eastern women, but Professor Monro said, all this has now changed and the change has been brought about within five or six years by the introduction of American movies in cities and villages throughout the Near East and the East. There is no censorship and the worst type of films from America are used. These films have entirely changed the attitude of the East to Western women. They have lost their respect for American women and Christianity has been robbed of one of its acknowledged points of advantage over Eastern religions.

Now the East is making a fresh attempt to evaluate Christianity as a religion, and to dissociate it from Western civilization. In this lies the hope of Christianity in so far as the East is concerned. Christians of the East are making a determined effort to disentangle Christianity not only from 'Western civilvzation, but from Western theological interpretations, and to establish in their own lands a Christian Church true to their own interpretations, and under their own leadership.

At the Washington Conference reiterated reference was made to the need of planting an indigenous Church in every land. Dr. Tucker, of Tokyo, said, "It must be a church led and maintained by their own people. I do not think that Japan is ever going to be influenced by a Christianity that is under foreign leadership." Chinese Baptists in South China have already taken steps to- establish indigenous Chinese Baptist churches under their own leadership and progressively with their own resources.

What about this attack from the East1 Why this recoil of for-

eign missions ~ Having entered the foreign mission enterprise with high idealism, we are not a little shocked by such a reaction from the East. We must admit the glaring discrepancies between the Gospel which the missionaries preach and the civilization which the Oriental student sees, for example, in New York City. And what a discrepancy there is between this Gospel and the civilization which the moving picture films carry back to the cities and villages. of the East!

These American cities are not altogether American-made; they are not true exponents of American ideals. Our historic policy of an open door to oppressed peoples and our wholesale immigration have helped to create a situation which has had much to do with this indictment of the West by the East. Moreover, there are scores of industries in our cities that are under the almost sole control of individuals or racial groups which in no sense represent American culture and certainly not American Protestant standards.

But in submitting this defense we are compelled to admit that there are large racial groups in America which have not been won to Protestant standards or ideals or even ever seriously approached. This fact alone accounts in part for the terrific impact of the West upon the East and the serious setback to the world cause of Christianity.

Can we defend the Christian Church against the charge of grqss neglect? If it is really true that Christianity has in it the potency of a world religion; a religion that we try to impress upon the Chinese, Indians, and Japanese; has not t4at religion the power to transform individuals and win the assent of large groups of other races here in America, which is regarded as the home of Protestant Chris tiani ty?

"Ve have failed to Christianize, in America, great sections of our population and thereby have failed to preserve our historic Protestant foundations. As a result these New Americans have introduced a new culture and new standards and have succeeded in displacing, at least in considerable areas of the country, older American standards. We are, therefore~ compelled to confess failure at this point.

Can we doubt that had the Protestant churches of America set themselves to the task of winning these foreign groups as they came in successive racial waves during each of the three decades before the World War, that they might have been won? If we had won during the last generation in America, we would not today be facing such a lamentable situation in China, India, and Japan.

We may riot through our missionary societies meet the issue raised in scores of college classrooms, by the attack of college professors and students upon Christianity and the Christian Church. Why may not teachers in high schools and colleges, familiar with the intellectual problems of youth and familiar with educational methods

THE WESTERN FRON'l' 0]<' WORLD MISSIONS

and conclusions, join with Christian ministers in giving a sympathetic interpretation of Christian experience and the power of religion in the lives of men ~ Because unscrupulous Americans have regarded motion pictures as a commercial industry, instead of a tremendously powerful ally of education, the children of the East are being demoralized and Western womanhood is being defamed.

Our losses have also been great in the field of industry and international politics. The Church has no right to mark out the way for industry, but it has a right to say" This way thou shalt not go." "A man's life consisteth not in the abundance of the things he possesseth, " and again, "Ye are of more value than many sparrows." The little ten-year-old girls working twelve hours a day or night for three and one half cents in China are of more value than dividends.

There are areas of the conflict that are the peculiar field of missionary agencies. Any world conflict must be decided by the character of its forces. There has been disastrous loss of effective Protestant forces through the constant shifting of population in the great cities. Weare losing on this Western Front of the world conflict because of our failure to recruit our forces in the newer resident areas, particularly the suburban areas, and to set for them a specific challenging world missionary task. If we set ourselves seriously, both workers and donors, to recruiting our forces in the suburbs of our greater city, to holding forces already won, we could double our efficiency in ten years, and increase our impact on world missions one hundred per cent.

Again, it is peculiarly a missionary task to establish indig~nous churches in polyglot American communities. Na one can doubt that the Protestant Church might have had great influence upon the Irish immigration of the '70s and '80s when the Irish were New Americans before they had become our natural city rulers. But we lost this battle, in so far as the Protestant Church is concerned, and lost it here on the Western Front.

Christianity lost in Asia Minor, the field of its early victories, and in North Africa, where it raised up such leaders as Augustine. because it was more interested in disputations within the ranks of the Church than in decisive victories outside. While fighting secondary issues they lost the great battle. Shall this be true of Ameri- {'an Christianity1 Can we doubt that decisive issues are being determined here; that America is not a secondary front in this worJ<:l Christian conflict? The ability of Christianity to qualify as a world relig~on is being determined by results here in America. Here, during the first half of the twentieth century, will be found the decisive battleground of our religion. Christianity cannot become a world conqueror until it conquers at home.

A Notable Conversion from

BY A MISSIONARY IN PERSIA CONVERSIONS from Islam deserve special attention. Dr. Zwemer's book, '''l'he Law of Apostasy in Islam," gives a good idea of the conditions facing anyone who dares to deny Islam and profess any other faith. But we have sufficient results to prove the value of Christian propaganda even in Islam. Most of our converts are Nicodemuses and come to see Jesus under cover of dark, for to profess in the light is the equivalent of signing a death warrant for themselves, giving away their property to zealots as well as exposing their family to the possibility of being taken as slaves. These gentle ideas and practices are fully taught and explained in the theological book, "Agied Us Shia," or "Beliefs of the Shia 'so "

Recently we have been greatly cheered by the appearance of a Paul, a man who seems to have been struck with a heavenly vision, to which he is not disobedient. Mir J awad needs some introduction to be properly understood. He is a Sayyid (descendant of the Prophet Mohammed), belonging to one of the best families in Tabriz. He was educated according to the best Moslem traditions so that he has been a Professor in a Moslem School of Theology for several years and has few equals in mastery of Arabic and the Islamic code of Jaws. He is wealthy, owning parts of three villages and having also other sources of income. Knowing these things you can appreciate him better. Last autumn, lie chanced to be passing our church as thl! Sunday service was beginning and came in to hear what it was that the Christians had to talk about. Rabi Stephan, our local evangelist, preached a sermon on the story of the Samaritan woman at the well. Mir Jawad in his classes had often debated Christianity vs. Islam but had always gotten his material from Islamic quotations and was therefore surprised to hear the type of material used. He came to several other meetings and then asked for private conferences. About a month after our first meeting, he cast a spell over us by getting up in a meeting where several Moslems were present, confessing Jesus Christ as his Saviour and calling upon the other men there to be fair with their consciences and face a decision, join him and consecrate themselves to making Christ known in Islam. He followed this by leading in prayer at our regular prayer meeting service three days later.

Now by Islamic law, under a provision known as "Nani Az Munkir" or "Preventing one denying Islam," it is possible in extreme cases to call a man up before a court and have him take an oath. When news of these two things came to official ears, Mir Jawad was called before the Court of (so-caUed) Justice and ordered 858 to take an oath on the Koran that he was a Moslem. He replied by taking off his Sayyid's hat, producing a copy of the Koran and a book of Moslem ethics and turning them over to the court, as he said, "I no longer wish to be known as a Sayyid or a Moslem for I have become a follower of Jesus Christ." He left the place, bought a new hat and came right to church for it was Sunday morning.

Then things moved fast. Some men came to me advising against having any communication with the man, for they thought a riot was going to follow if the fellow persevered in his madness. The next day Mir Jawad sent for Rabi Stephen and myself and asked for baptism. We replied that we did not have the authority to give him OHRISTIAN COLPORTEUR DISTRIBUTING LITERATURE IN PERSIA the right at once, but he said that it made no difference for true baptism was from within and by the Spirit and that regardless of the external right,he was going to preach Christ as best he could. We warned him of the danger and he replied, "I know Islam and its spirit better than you can ever know it, and I have fully counted the cost. If not today, then tomorrow they will kill me, but I have this request to make of you-that you will find my body and bury it in a Christian cemetery." This he repeated thrice, for there is a tradition to the effect that even a proselyte from Islam may be raised a Moslem in the next life, if he is buried with Moslems in a Moslem cemetery. Mir Jawad wanted in this way to show his absolute severing of all hopes in Islam. After a prayer, he went out.

The next day was the first day of mourning for the death of Fatima, Mohammed's daughter. This mourning lasts three days and consists in huge gangs going through the streets, beating them-

selves with chains, other gangs singing weird tunes and beating their breasts while others go to other excesses of fanaticism. Shortly before noon, a man came in to tell me that he had just been down in the Rasta Bazaar, one of the most crowded places in the city, where all the gangs pass, and he had seen Mir J awad get up before the gangs and call out, "You cannot find salvation this way. Salvation comes only through Jesus Ohrist." Now it behooves me to interpose another item-for Mir Jawad has four mosques in his control and these many years he has incited men to go out ana. mourn just the custom that he now decried. A mob had collected and carried him out of the ba:zaar. Hearing this, Rabi Stephen and I set off to find him. As we got down into the bazaar and met the gangs shouting with hoarse voices and reeking with sweat, raising their arms in unison and then bringing their open palms down with heavy thuds against their bare chests, a mass of ignorant fanatics ruling supreme, I confess that I would have been scared stiff to stand up and witness for Jesus Christ-and I had nothing to lose of either goods or reputation. But this one-month-old Christian with everything 10 lose had a.courage which beggared mine.

We traced him for a way, till we found he had been taken to tho police station. They accused him of fomenting a riot and said: "Everyone says you are insane." His reply was a gem of wit and satire: "It's a strange day when I am called crazy by those who spend three days beating themselves for a woman who died thirteen hundred years ago." He was sent home under guard and confined in his own cellar for two days. Now began his trials at home, for they threatened him by confiscating all his wealth as per the rights of the law of apostasy, They would serve his food separately, washing all the dishes three times so as not to let the contamination spread-in truth it pays to be a blasphemer here for you get your dishes well washed at any rate. But these seemed to be the least 'of his worries and the first time he was free, he came to the church to see us; en route he began to speaking with some men and read them out of the New Testament.

Two police caught him, beat him with their fists-and Meer Javad enjoyed the hospitality of the jail for a day and night.

The man's absolute fearlessness has been astounding and never before in Tabriz has there been such a general surprise. He has not feared to go right up to the highest Mujtaheed or ecclesiastic in Azerbaijan, and by him was invited to sit down and talk. Mir J awad replied: "1 have not come for a social meeting, but to tell you that we Moslem leaders have fooled the people long enough and· it's time that we now teach them the truth about God. You say that you are a Moslem and that there is no higher authority than you in Azerbai-

1926J A NOTABLE CONYERSIOK FROM ISLAM

jan. Then fulfil your duty and teach the people the Koran, for I know that if they are given a chance to know what is in the Koran, they too, like me, will see that it points to Jesus Christ."

Some men in the room began to revile Mir J awad and call him names such as "Blasphemer, Heretic, Liar, etc.," and speaking to them all he said, "Let your consciences judge as to where the truth lies-in Islam with its intolerance and oppression and abundant musings or in such words as 'Blessed is the man who-sitteth not in the seat of the scornful,' and the words of Jesus, '1 say unto you, he that calleth his brother a fool is in danger of hell fire.''' The attendants at the door pushed him out.

I shall not soon forget a phrase he used in a prayer last week: "Thou hast taught us to pray, 'Give us this day our daily bread' and that satisfies us but though Thy Spirit be given us immeasurably we shall still be in need of more."

1 might multiply incidents, for to me they are fascinating. The example of courage, sincerity and consecration has worked a transformation in our feeble faith and it gives a new determination and assurance in our message of Truth. Perhaps to you it sounds like a common occurrence, for in the telling all such things lose interest, but in recording it, I feel as Luke must have felt in writing down the Acts of the Apostles, witnessing the making of the history of the power and wisdom of God.

I write all this because I am asking for your prayers. I am not losing sight of the fact that there is an equally great demand for prayer and work at home. I think the difference between your work and mine may be summed up in this way-that your responsibility is to work among individuals who are trying to destroy a good system while our job is to work to overcome a system which is destroying good people. However unequal may seem the start-one Sayyid and a few missionaries with a small handful of converts, yet never was a struggle staged which had a more certain result. Islam is breaking up. If the small group of Christians will stick sincerely to the armaments mentioned in Ephesians, the sixth chapter, it will not be long before Persia will be confessing Jesus as Lord. Pray earnestly and intelligently-that is why 1 write thus at length.

SUPPLEMENTARY LETTER OF JANUARY 4, 1926 I want you to share in our last meeting of the Week of Prayer in the Tabriz Churc]1. The topic for Saturday night was, "The duty of the Evangelical Church in Tabriz Towards Islam." The meeting was led by three men who two months ago had never made the least profession of anything but Islam. After a hymn and a prayer, I introduced the first speaker, M– M– A–, a student of theology in one of the schools in the city where they create mollahs. I had known the fellow only five days but during the meetings pre-

vious he had twice asked permission to speak, so I gave him liberty without knowing what he was going to say. Had not Mir Jawad, our fiery and untiriug witness to the truth of "life more abundant," invaded the school where this fellow was studying and there preached a sermon, we would never have known this student. But seeing the fearlessness of Mir J awad, he came around the next morning to see us and has been on the bench ever since.

M– M– A–'s talk was exactly to the point. "I haven't come here to look at the walls, or see good carpets or to see people for I can find far more elsewhere. I have come because I am searching for Salvation. If I found it in Islam I would not have needed to come here. Perhaps I shall yet find it in Islam. If so, then I shall expose the emptiness of the claims of Christianity. But if on the other hand, I find that there is proof in the lives of Christians that the teaching of Christ is true and He can vivify a dead soul, then I shall try to find in Him that same power. But it is the duty of this Church to so live that I may find living witness of that truth. For I am not a:lone. There are many who are earnest seekers after God and unless the Christians make their lives tally with their claims in Jesus, many will never take the trouble to give the New Testament a chance. .I cannot believe that God would leave His creation without guidance and power for a pure life. If Islam cannot give that to me, then perhaps Christianity can. But you must prove it before I will be willing to accept your claims."

If one of us missionaries had written his speech for him, we could not have made a more direct appeal.

Next came M- A- K-, a son of a wealthy Guron who is a 111ursheed in the city for his section. This fellow has been clamoring for baptism for a month and it has been all that Rabi Stephan and I can do to hold him back from creating a riot in our meetings by his unequivocal statements concerning the falsity of Islam and the need for Christ. He too is a student of the Sayyid, for though we knew him long before the Sayyid ever came to us, he had never evinced much courage or more than passing interest. Now he is a regular Jeremiah-nowhere near as deep and thoughtful or as dignified as the Sayyid, but nevertheless very sincere and well educated. He spoke on the condition of Christianity at the rise of Islam-its superstitions, its immorality, its ritualism and its departure from almost every essential doctrine. No wonder that Islam had then rejected it. But Islam does witness to some of its truths and by attesting to the name of "Jesus," Islam unwittingly approves of His mission, for though the Moslems do not know it, "Esa" or "Jesus," means "God is our Salvation." Whereas the Koran cbanges the names of Alexander the Great and other characters, it accepts the name "Esa," thereby recording its acceptance of His mission as a Saviour. from God. Wherefore it is high time for Christians to wake

A NOTABLE CONVERSION FROM ISLAM

up, cleanse their practices and beliefs so as to be in accordance with Jesus. When that is done, there are many in Islam who will accept Him. M- A- K- closed with reading Matthew 7, where it says, "And in that day many will say, 'Lord, Lord'-and then will I profess unto them, I never knew you. He that doeth the will of my Father in Heaven-shall enter into the Kingdom."

The third speaker was Mir Jawad. When I mentioned his name and he arose in his place, there was silence such as our church rarely finds. He is tall, thin and about 35 years old, with a very dignified air, but withal he speaks in a very gentle voice and there is no blow or gush about him at all. Rabi Stephan had asked him to speak on "What I have found in Christianity that satisfies me, which was lacking in Islam." He answered, "I am willing to do that but it will only breed hatred. That placard on the wall says God Is Love and if I go about angering people, then I am no child of God."

So. he had free rein to speak as he willed. Though he has only read three. gospels and about four chapters in John (for he reads them very thoroughly and studies them slowly), he quotes very fully and a statement of the verses he employed really outline his talk. "Seek ye first the Kingdom of God and His righteousness . . . God is a Spirit and they who worship Him must worship Him in spirit and in truth. . . . The Word was God (that is, Jesus Christ) . . . . Lo, I am with you alway, even to the end of the world." He closed with a simple statement, "It's my obligation to let people know the truth about the Messiah, as I have witnessed in the bazaars, in my home and in the Hijras of the principal ecclesiastics in Tabriz."

With a prayer the meeting closed. Never has my heart beat so long or so loud at a continual sitting as during the hour and a half that we were there. For three Persians to get up in a Christian church and witness as boldly before an audience of 140 people, many of whom were Moslems, is an unprecedented thing. Weare writing the Twenty-Ninth Chapter of the" Acts of the Apostles."

Just a word or two as to the reactions. Mr. Gifford says that he never had sensed such an impressive witness as the Sayyid gave. Miss Beaber wrote me, "Is it a dream1" and Mrs. Jessup said forcefully: "That man evinces a spirituality and a comprehension of the heart of Christ as very few people in America do-and of which even we missionaries often fall short."

"Ve have had to go into bigger quarters for our Friday meetings.

P. S.-8ince these letters were written, so much excitement has been stirred up in Persia over these conversions from Islam that the Persian Government has made it a matter of protest to the State Department at W·ashington. Mir Jawad has also been spirited away by his family to a village where his preaching soon had the people in commotion. Pray for these Moslems who have seen and have followed the True Light and who are persecuted for righteousness' sake; also for the missionaries in Persia and for the Persian Government and misguided religious Ieaders.-EDITOR.

Confer in

Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer's Visit to the Persian Missions O NE of the notable events in the history of missions in Persia was the All-Persia Inter-Mission Conference, held in Tehe- ran, August 1-8, 1926. From May until August Dr. and Mrs. S. M. Zwemer traveled back and forth across the country, covering more than 4,500 miles by automobile, and holding station conferences at ten centers. The culmination was a conference in Teheran, where nearly llfty British and American missionaries and Christian Persian leaders gathered to sum up the findings of other conferences and to plan for the future.

In the beautiful, newly-finished building of the American Col- Jege at Teheran, the delegates met and enjoyed intimate fellowship with the Bishop of Persia and Persian converts from Islam. British, Americans, Armenians, Assyrians, Kurds, and Persians ate and talked and laughed together, in spite of the heat, and there they flccomplished a remarkable amount of work in eight days.

Beginning with an inspiring address by Dr. Zwemer on leadership, a series of papers followed on such subjects as The Occupation of Persia, Cooperation, Christian Literature, Missions and the Persian Government, Islam in Persia Today, the Presentation of the Christian Message to Persian Moslems, and the Training of Missionary and Native 'Workers. Some of the most valuable papers were contributed by Persian Christians. Dr. Sa~ed Khan, a Kurd eonverted many years ago and a prominent physician of Teheran, summed up in two able papers the results of forty years of study of two of the heretical sects of Persian Islam-the Bahais and the Ahl-e Haqq. The last-named sect is so strikingly similar to Christianity in many respects that one wonders whether it was not Christian in origin and later, under the oppressive power of Islam, was forced to hide its light. The sect has perhaps a million adherents who, hitherto practically untouched by Christian missions, offer a special challenge to Christians to give them the full truth.

In considering the occupation of the field, the conference found that there are reasons for rejoicing, but that whole areas are still untouched so far as a continuous proclamation of the Gospel is concerned. The Urumia section, so terribly devastated in the war, is now slowly being rehabilitated, and missions there, once almost entirely confined to Oriental Christians, are now devoted largely to Moslems, both in city and in itineration work. For fifteen years no missionary in Urumia has learned a strictly Christian language. In Dr. Zwemer's public meetings there he spoke to a larger number of Moslems than in any other city. Baffling problems of occupation 864

1l!26 J MISSIONAlUES CONFER IN PERSIA

face the missions in trying to care for more than a thousand miles of the Persian Gulf littoral, which has long been neglected. Among the rapidly increasing population in the oil-fields of southwest Persia, no missionary is now at work. There is also a rich and populous province along the Caspian, to which only an occasional missionary tour has been made. The million or more of nomads present a special problem for settled missionary work. Among them are the Bakhtiaris, recently made famous in America in the motion picture "Grass."

Church of England and American Presbyterian missionaries, :who form the great majority of workers in Persia, stood for cooperat.ion along every line. One of the high points of the conference was a passionate appeal for the unity of the Church of Christ in Persia, THE ALL-PERSIA INTER-MISSION CONFERENCE OF 1926 greatly desired by the Persians. themselves. Upon the missionaries lies the responsibility to do nothing to prevent the consummation of this unity. The conference motto was" All One in Christ Jesus."

The neglect of the missions to provide Christian literature in the vernacular"'has been a serious loss. All the available literature consists of about seventy books and pamphlets, among which there are but three tiny books on moral problems. There is a growing Christian Church in Persia, and yet only three Christian books and four pamphlets on the spiritual life are in existence. An intermission committee is already hard at work to meet this need as fast us manuscripts and money can be provided.

Christian converts from Islam in Persia have as yet no status in Persian law, and when ecclesiastical pressure is exerted, persecution still occurs, but the Persian people are naturally courteous and tolerant, and as a result the Christian Church has made progress 3

hardly to be equalled in any other Moslem land. The conference urged the forward-looking people of Persia to work towards full religious liberty and proper rights for Ohristians.

Bahaism, which has a few converts in America, still has many adherents in Persia, but it is on the wane and no longer appeals so much either to Moslems or to Persian Jews.

Two remarkable papers were read by young Persian Christians on how best to present the Gospel to non-Ohristians. They pointed out clearly the relative places of the missionary and the native worker in this task, showing that the missionary, because of special study, often knows Islam better, but that the native knows the Moslem. They urged missionaries and PersIan Ohristians to go forward together, "hand in hand and shoulder to shoulder until the Ohurch of Ohrist stands alone."

The delegates to the conference, and the Missions which they represent, pledged themselves to a program of cooperation and aggressive evangelism so that the conference is certain to mark a new GPoch in' the building up of the Ohristian Ohurch in Persia. If the motto of the conference was Unity, its keynote was Hope, and it was with new hope and enthusiasm that those attending the conference went back to their widely-scattered stations.

W. N. WYSHAM.

ANew Enterprise in Mesopotamia BY REV. JAMES GANTINE, D.D., BAGHDAD, IRAQ .n..ANTIQUITY and Mesopotamia are two words that seem well suited to each other. Nineveh, Babylon, Ur, the Garden of Eden take our thoughts at once to this Land Between the Rivers. Old civilizations, the beginnings of the oldest arts, sciences and religions have their roots in this soil. But newness seems somewhat out of place in this so-called" Oradle of the Human Race. " And yet there are new enterprises here, and among the newest is one in mission policy. The United Mission in Mesopotamia differs, I think, from other missions in that while it is a well-rounded-out body, functioning on the field as do other missions, yet it is composed of workers from different denominations, supported by the separate Boards, and controlled by a committee chosen from the members of cooperating Boards.

Experiments in most enterprises owe their inception to the urge of necessity. It was so in this case. Mesopotamia, with all its Biblical interest, would naturally be in the thoughts of those having at heart the growth of God's Kingdom. The first American to visit this country with the missionary cause in view was the Rev. Horatio Southgate. The narrative of his journey was printed in 1840, and its preface states, "The Mission whose history is detailed in

1926J A NEW ENTERPRISE IN MESOPOTAMIA

the following papers was performed under the direction of the For- eign Committee of the Board of Missions of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the U. S. A." This interest apparently lay dormant for nearly a hundred years, for not until within the last year or two has this Board again sent out missionaries to work at Mosul among the Assyrian refugees of the old Nestorian Church. Representatives of the English Brethren came to Mesopotamia before 1850 and la- bored faithfully for some years. Those who follow their teachings are still found among the native Christians. Later, missionaries of the Church of England, following the Shi 'ah pilgrim route from Persia, settled at Baghdad. At …. ';-' ,…… Mosul, mission work was car- ried on for years by the American Board, and again by the Presbyterian Church, U. S.

A. But the field was far re- moved from the main work of these American societies, and finally Upper Mesopotamia was given over to the Church Mis- sionary Society of England.

At the beginning of the late war this society had flourish- ing stations, largely medical, at Baghdad and Mosul.

The results of the war necessitated readjustments in the mission field in various parts of the world. All of Mesopotamia was fiercely fought over by the contending o Turkish and English armies, I and the end of the struggle found the expensive medical equipment lost or destroyed, and most of the missionaries scattered in other Arabic-speaking fields. Under these circumstances, and faced with a shortage of men and money, the British society reluctantly decided upon a complete withdrawal.

This was the condition that appealed so imperatively to those neighboring missionaries who knew the land and its people, the American Presbyterians in Persia and the American Reformed workers in Arabia. It was not new territory that might possibly be left a little longer, but a field that the Christian Church had held for dec- ades. There were small Protestant congregations in the two large cities. Here and there converts from Islam were just beginning to see the outlines of the Saviour Christ, taking form through the mists and haze of their old faith. Could these be deserted 7 Could this

land-the land of Exile, of the promise given to the children of Ishmael, the starting point of that great missionary, Abraham–could Christians see it, just beginning under a new, liberal and ambitious Government to face the future bravely, left discouraged, without an aggressive witness to Christ f "Ve who knew it best heard the words, "Give ye them to eat," and, from Persia on the east and from Arabia on the south, a missionary or two was set apart for this need. After a time the home Boards responded to the invitation to come over and help.

The three Boards now cooperating in Mesopotamia are the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., the Reformed Church in America, and the Reformed Church in the U. S. If the representatives of these three Boards can be welded together on the field into one whole, more can be added. The call of the two hundred thousand people of Baghdad and the two million followers of Islam in Mesopotamia should be heard by others than the dozen workers now there. The experience of the last two or three years has shown that men and women from different denominations can live and work together in Mesopotamia as well as in inland China. But the difference between the China Inland Mission and the United Mission in Mesopotamia may be described as the difference between an undenominational and an interdenominational mission. The latter utilizes members of the Boards of the cooperating churches, respon- Rible to them for the home administration; the funds come from the treasuries of these Boards according to an accepted ratio. This obviates an independent organization at the home base, with its expensive duplication of effort. Moreover, the work in the field is the work of each church, and has all the sanction and appeal that the past history of missions has proved to be so effective.

It is distinctly helpful to Moslem enquirers, who may have heard of, or who stumble at the many divisions in Christendom, to be told that we represent that union of believers in Christ which is the ideal to which we all look forward. It also will be helpful to us, when the happy time comes when we can see the organization of a church of Moslem converts on our field, that we shall feel no urge from home to engraft home experiences and preferences upon the stock of an indigenous church. It may be no small help to the spiritual life of the missionary that he can feel his fellow-workers in faith and prayer at home, those who know about his field, are so many and so widespread, and also that he can claim a part in that heritage of devotion, sacrifice and attainment found in the missionary history ot each of our cooperating churches. Again, we in Mesopotamia feel that we can look at the adjacent missions from which we had our beginning as parent fields, their experience of many decades at our disposal; what advantages they possess as to location and climate cordially thrown open to us for sanataria; and, what has meant so much to us, their working force to be drawn upon in time of need.

A NEW ENTERPRISE IN MESOPO'f'AMIA

This new mission ,vork in Mesopotamia is in line with, and gath- ers strength and opportunity from other new enterprises in this old land. It is in line with the new era of definite work for the Moslem world. While not denying nor neglecting opportunities thrust upon it by proximity to the various Oriental churches, and to the host of needy refugees, the aftermath of the late war, its constitution says, "The primary aim or objective of the United Mission shall be the evang'elization of Mohammedans in the ulloccupied area of Mesopo- tamia officially designated 'Iraq.''' The :[os1e111s of this area will more and more claim the love of our llew recruits, and work with and for them will more and more fill their lives. Its very position will force this to the front. 1'0 the east in Persia, mission work for Moslems is gathering definiteness and momentum. To the west, Syria and Palestine are emphasizing efforts for the non-Christian popUlation. And at the south is the aggressive work of the Arabian Mission. And northward the Republic of Turkey with its new align- ment is offering missionary opportunity only among its Moslem peoples. Mesopotamia is the very center of this wonderful birth of Christian activity, and time will show how it influences, and is influenced by it all.

Again, this new mission is advantaged by being located in the new Kingdom of Iraq, a country with its face resolutely set towards better things-a country that is enjoying a great educational awakening, having the asset of being in its formative years under the tutelage of such an experienced and sympathetic government as Great Britain; with growing commercial opportunities, and a body of young men now being' educated in England and America, who happily may guide its destinieFl into ways of peace and prosperity j and, best of all, and passing strange for a Moslem government, a constitution which guarantees liberty for missioIlRry effort and freedom for all religions. To be part and parcel of this new and wonderful land, so full of hope and promise, far outweighs all the difficulties found in a hostile climate.

But, most important of all changes for the better that the missionary sees in this field is the attitude of the Moslem to the new faith, his new vision of Jesus Christ and His claims. This is new only in the sense that it appeared only recently above the surface j but the living germ, the spreading roots are the result of many decades of faithful labor by those who have gone before. Hundreds in the mission sc11001s have seen the goodness of Ohrist reflected in the life and words of their teachers j thousands in the mission hospitals have been taught that His mercy has inspired the healing touch; countless copies of His message have been sown freely through the length and breadth of the land j the fruits of the Spirit have been seen in so many lives, far transcending anything that Islam can show. All these agencies have brought Christ to the point

where He, being lifted up as never before, is drawing men unto Himself.

A few months ago an old grey-haired Moslem called upon me in Baghdad. He explained that now he could come without fear, whereas some years before he had been imprisoned for a month by the Turks for visiting a missionary. He told me that many men of his acquaintance were looking with new understanding upon their prophet Jesus, and were beginning to compare Jesus with Mohammed. They had to agree, he said, that Mohammed was a man with like passions as themselves, doing as they themselves might have done in his day, killing his enemies and despoiling their property, living a voluptuous life with his various wives. But when it came to the prophet Jesus, they admitted that no mere man could live as He lived, without breath of sin or scandal, loving His enemies, desiring no man's goods, pure in every respect. It must be true, they said, that He was more than man, God must have been in Him as never in any other prophet.

So op all sides there are indications that Islam. unsettled in the present, dissatisfied with the past, is listening to the call of Jesus, "Follow me." To show to these open minds and anxious hearts a picture of Jesus more complete, more satisfying than that given in the Koran, is now the aim of the evangelist.

To the old missionary, this is the newest and best in all his experience-that now he may have his own sphere of effort, not dependent upon other agencies. In the olden days, government prohibition, dense ignorance, unbridled fanaticism, stood as lions in the path of the evangelist, and he was perchance content to work along the lines of least resistance, in the hospitals, the schools, and in the circulation of the Scriptures. Now he is coming into his own, and the name "preacher" is no longer kept in the background. Formerly the missionaries in Baghdad were content on a Sunday, if they could gather a few Christians for service in an inner room in their own dwelling houses. Now we have hired large public buildings and have filled them with orderly listeners to gospel addresses. Our hope is that we shall be successful in gathering twenty thousand dollars with which to erect a church and religious center that, by its very presence, will proclaim that the kingdoms of this world are becoming the kingdoms of our Christ. And so, in this old, old country, and city of the Caliphs, there are faint yet sure foreshadowings of the coming day when He that sitteth upon the throne will make all things new.

Africa-Service or Slavery?*

BY A MISSIONARY IN RHODESIA "ToMORROW I'll work in the garden again. It needs hoe- ing if we are to have any crop this year. My sickness has put us far behind." So said Msindo to his weary wife one midday as they were sitting on a mat with their three small children, eating their breakfast of mealie-meal porridge and herbs.

"Thank God you're well again," exclaimed his wife joyfully. "I thought you were going to leave us."

The barking of the dog announced the arrival of a stranger and put further conversation at an end. He was no other than a police come to call to service all who had not served in the last roll-call.

Six months away from home, leaving wife and children and gardens with little or no prospects of food, and scant payment, except with ki~ks and blows for service rendered, is not a cheerful prospect for any man, black or white.

Msindo had to go in spite of his protest that he was a sick man barely able to walk and that his wife was worn out with waiting on him and the children and hoeing the gardens. This fell on deaf ears.

"Either you or your wife go," was the only response. So Msindo went. Fortunately his strength came back so that he was able to keep up with the rest of the men on the long, hard march to the plantation at S— and in the heavy work of husking and carrying heavy sacks of corn.

Then one evening after the day's work was finished Msindo was sent out on an errand. Coming back along the narrow path in the corn-field he stooped and picked up a broken corn-cob which some picker had dropped. No crime in picking it up and munching the few remaining dry kernels! No such thought ever entered Msindo '8 mind.

" Aha! Been stealing, have you 7 You're the only one here now who has neither welts on back nor swollen ears. I'll go and report you now, " said an overseer, as Msindo entered the compound.

Msindo knew only too well what the morrow had in store for him. So with no other thought than to escape the blood-drawing cuttings of the raw-hide whip he ran away under cover of the dark- 11ess of night. On the way he became ill and some friendly people took care of him for two long and weary months while the fever raged in his worn and weary body.

In the meantime word was sent out immediately to the chief of • In 1924 Professor E. A. ROBS, from the University of Wisconsin, made an extended tour through Eastern countries studying the methods of employing labor. The following narrative fiUs In Bome details necessarily lacking in such an investigat1on. They are facts gleaned from natives who have returned fr()m their terms of service under the compulsory labor Bystem:- THE AUTHOR.

871

the district that Msindo's wife should be caught and sent to finish the term of her husband who had run away.

Hlekwasi offered no resistance for she knew it would be worse than useless. Maibase, their nearest neighbor, had not offered resistance, had told only the plain truth to the chief's son when she said: "My husband is not at home. He has gone out to buy food as our corn-bin is empty."

"You're telling lies," the chief's son replied. "You heard I was coming and you hid your husband. You'll pay for this." With that threat he roughly pushed the suckling twins out of her helpless arms, tied a stiff hide rope around her neck and beat her. Then he ordered her, in spite of the setting sun and the crying children, to accompany him to the chief's kraal, where further sentence would be WOMEN WATER CARRIERS IN RHODESIA meted out to her. She tied one twin to a visitor's back (a young girl of ten or twelve years), and the second, to her own back. .'With a silent prayer to God she led the older child, a girl of five, into the hut, and silently followed her persecutor on the long three and a half hours' march, across a river, up hill and down, through dense forests, ready to drop from exhaustion and fear, with prowling leopards on all sides, carrying the sick child on her back.

The few remaining hours of that never-to-be-forgotten night she spent shut up in a closed hut with several other women and children.

Feverishly she awaited the summons to the chief and when it came she had managed somehow to reach the required distance before dropping to her knees.

She expected to be sent out to do service on the plantations in place of her husband, but something touched the old chief's heart,

1926J FOR AFRICA-SERVICE OR

and he had sent her home with the command that she bring him a fowl as her fine.

All this passed through Hlekwasi's mind as she half-listened to their tale about her husband's crime and flight. Silently she tied their four-montllS' old child in his goat-skin on her back, giving a few incoherent orders to the ten-year-old daughter about the care of the gardens, the home, and the younger child. With a hasty glance at the children, and a silent prayer to the Almighty, she followed the police down the narrow path leading to the Administrator's quarters two days' journey away.

As the sun was setting the first day they neared a hut by the river where they stopped for the night. A 'friendly greeting came to her ears as Watch from her own neighborhood came and spoke to her. Confidently they chatted a while. He crept nearer and nearer, and when he thought all was safe he whispered, "There's a path bere to the left. Take it and follow jt all night. By morning you'll be safe. Go to C – – – and stay there."

"But 'the lions-the leopards," she whispered, trembling at the very thought of them.

"But something worse awaits you on the plantation," continued Vatch, "and six months of it. This is only one night and perhaps you may not encounter any of them."

"But the children are alone at home," she objected, "and I thought that perhaps when I tell the Magistrate he might let me go home to my children."

"Never!" exclaimed her friend. "They have no mercy, no thought for suffering children and mothers. "

Hlekwasi went into the hut provided for her night's lodginghut not to sleep. Listening, she waited for the last chatter of the police. When all seemed safe she picked up the sleeping babe, tied him securely to her back and stealthily crept out of the hut. Slowly she crept along, brushing away from hands and feet dry twigs and leaves lest the snapping and crushing of these might disturb the sleeping police. Under great difficulty she found the narrow, overgrown path and with a great sigh of relief Hlekwasi started out.

Before Watch came out of a heavy slumber the next morning it was noised about that the captive woman had made her escape during the night and that Watch had been her accomplice. Before Watch was fully awake he felt rough hands grabbing him by the arms while a storm of curses crossed the lips of his persecutors. Quick as a flash his arms were tied to a near-by tree, and the blows fell thick and fast. Then he was sent away to serve in the place of the man whose wife he had befriended.

Service or Slavery-Which Is It?

A House by a West African

13Y MRS. WALTER B. WILLIAMS,* NANAH KROO, LIBERIA, WEST AFRICA T HE Methodist Episcopal mission at Nanah Kroo, Liberia, is, "A house by the side of the road Where the race of men go by."

The little corrugated iron house stands on the top of a hill, with dense jungle to one side of it and the great Atlantic stretching to the east, south and west, but just at the foot of the knoll runs the road leading from the towns far in the southeast to the many towns in the midst of which we live. It is such a narrow road, a mere footpath of hard trodden earth, running through green cassava farms, through stretches of open country where the brown grass on either side grows higher than a man's head, through swamps, through jungle, until it is lost in the sandy bed of a river; but it is the road, the only road, and over it pass men and women and children in whom the missionary and his wife are intensely interested.

Let me tell you of some who pause to sit awhile in the house by the side of the road and take counsel.

A party of seven men and women and one of the cutest babies you will find anywhere in the world, come up the road, waving their hands and calling "do-wi" (good-morning). Their leader, a quiet, dignified man, tells us that his name is Kabo and that these friends from the town of Ka, bearing a gift of seven fowls, have cOme to bid the white man welcome and to beg him to preach in their town. A native man, passing through, has been teaching them "Godpalaver" but they want to know more, and they beg the missionary to visit them and to give them a preacher. But we have neither a man to send nor money to support one ! We sing and read God's Word and pray with these brothers and sisters who are hungering after righteousness.

Kabo confesses that he has three women and adds that he is willing to give up two of them, retaining the mother of the aforesaid "cutest" baby, if we will advise him the best way to go about it. We counsel him to tell the two women frankly that he is going to follow God and can have only one wife which will be the woman who has borne him a child; but that they can stay in the houses he has built for them and look around until they see a man they would care to have for a husband; and if the liking is mutual, he will let them go. Two weeks later we learn from another traveler on the road that one of Kabo's women has taken another husband and left, and that the .. Rev. Walter B. Wi111ams js superintendent of the Kroo MISSion, Liberia.. Of his work Rev. William F. Oldham, corresponding secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal" Church, writes us: "Mr. WaIter B. Williams who writes you from Nanah Kroo, Liberia. is a stirring and success.. ful preacher of the Gospel, and an ardent friend of the Kroos, to whom he and his wife are giving themselves unst1ntedl,.."

874 second woman is expected to do the same shortly. Kabo has given his whole heart to God; and when this woman-palaver is settled there will be a great day in the church when Kabo, his wife and baby are baptized and received as probationers.

On Christmas Day he plans to give a "big chop" to the king and chiefs of his town and pray them to let him remove his house close to the mission, in a Christian town that is being planned, for no man may leave his town to live in another, still less in a Christian settlement, without his king's consent. It is Kabo's purpose to study at the mission school and fit himself to be a preacher. How much we need men of his type! All men speak well of Kabo. They say he is a man of much physical strength and that he is extremely industrious, an element of the greatest value here, and "his mouth," they add, "never changes." Truthfulness is a kingly virtue anywhere.

Very early in the morning a party of quite another caliber passes along the road, and the missionary hails them with sadness at his heart. An old, old man, treasurer in our native Wissipo church, accompanied by his aged wife, two daughters, and other relatives, is passing into exile. A quiet, inoffensive old man, forced to begin life all over again with nothing on which to begin, no house to cover his head, and no second shirt to his back. The reason ¥ In his town a man has lain ill many weeks, and the devil doctor has charged this old man, and two women, with having "witched" him. Learning that he and two of our church girls had been accused of witchcraft and condemned to drink sasswood by the heathen town people, the missionary had crossed the river the day before to reason with the people and plead for these three lives.

Drinking sasswood is the test all over Mrica to discover witchcraft and thievery. If the victim vomits after drinking the poison, he is declared innocent, but if the poison passes from his body any other way he is judged to be guilty, and if he does not die is driven away into an exile of from seven to twelve years. There is much trickery employed in administering sasswood, and if a death is desired the victim always dies. In the present case the old man's death had been positively determined upon by the town people.

On the ground of their connection with the church, the missionary won his point and spent the thankfullest Thanksgiving Day in his experience, rejoicing over the averted tragedy. But though his life is spared, the old man must leave the town, and so he and his family pass sadly along the road. The missionary goes down to greet them -for the soldiers will not permit them to come up to the housebrings some rice and fish for them to eat along the way, accompanies the party to the seashore, kneels with them in prayer, and rising, bids the old man God-speed. And even as our old church treasurer, ripe for heaven and longing for God to send for him to come home, passes into exile, the sick man in the town behind breathes his last

THE MISSIONARY HI';VIEII' OF THr; WORLD [Noremh('r

and enters upon a stil110nger journey to that undiscovered country, all mystery and darkness to the heathen mind.

Hardly have they passed when youth, strong, vigorous, ambi- tious, presses along the road and up to the mission. Two small boys, dad only in their black skins and a pair of bracelets, present them- selves, and state that they have come to school. Bright little fellows they seem to be. There are no other boys from their town enrolled. Shall they have their chance 7 The missionary has no funds to sup- port them. Already a considerable portion of his own income is being spent in rice and fish to feed half a dozen other small.students, equally ambitious to learn "book-palaver." Memory brings up the picture of some of our neighbors, kings with snow-white hair who have said to us, "0, if we were only young again and could have the chance that our boys have!" Men from neighboring towns plead for the white man to come in and civilize them and teach them God- palaver. Big chiefs shout for joy when a boy is accepted from their town, and say, "Now our town will have a man who can read and write." The missionary turns to the" white mammy" and says, "We will take them and trust for help to be given." "Mammy" slips a shirt over each woony head, and two more boys are added to the mission family.

IJate the same night the frantic barking of the watchdog brings "mammy" to the door to see three strangers standing on the threshold. They have come after the boys who, it develops, have run away. Their heathen people need them to carry water and help fish. That boys should have an education is foolishness to them. That boys have a soul and a life to save does not enter into the question at all. The brightest boy of the two is, moreover, a slave, purchased in Monrovia. Domestic slavery is no uncommon thing in this republic, though it is against the law. The missionary pleads hard for the lads, but without avail. The men seize the boys and begin to beat them, whereupon the missionary interferes and separates them. . . . One of the boys, quick to take in the situation, jumps into the bush and hides. Unable to find him, the party finally retrace their steps along the road, the other boy hanging back with all his might from his angry mother's determined hands. But it is probably only a question of time before we shall have him again. Hunger for book learning is not easily satisfied. Later, the lost boy makes his appearance at the mission once more and is still with us.

A man from Kinicadi, far down the coast, comes next. Three years ago, when the missionary first went into his town to preach, the big men beat the war drum; and three times the white man was besought to depart lest harm should come to him from the aroused people. "No," said the missionary, "I have come to preach, and I am going to preach." So the seed was planted. Three months later the missionary came again. He noticed the women were wear-

192(j] A Hl){TS}J BY A W~~S'I' AJ<'R](,AX ROAD

ing a little more cloth to cover their bodies, and that now they carried small boxes to sit on during service instead of sitting all the dirty ground. Another three months, and he brought a native preacher and built him a house there, a gift from a Minnesota Sunday-school. A Sunday-school of 250 was organized, and the work went on with leaps and bounds. The man from Kinicadi, coming along the road, stopped to tell us that now his town has twenty young men studying at the Seminary at Cape Palmas, a higher institution of learning belonging to our church, and four more at a still higher school, and that four of their women are at school, too. This is the outcome of about $135 given by the First Church of Duluth. This man, Dixon, stayed with us for a season and has now gone home to bring back the girl who is to be his wife, to leave her for "mammy" to teach, while he, too, studies at our mission, preparing to be a preacher.

But oftenest along the road pass the forms of our two assistant preachers, Sanso and Kronyer. /1 Sanso," meaning "glad," aptly describes the man who is always and everywhere bubbling over with "joy in the Lord." He goes to and fro, visiting the people, preaching the Word, watchful over the interests of the mission, loyal to the missionary-a fine type of the kind of pastor our Methodist mission schools turn out. And Kronyer, close on to sixty years of age, without any advantages in his youth, was converted late in HIe, but is faithful to his God through many trials and tests and consumed with the desire to learn to read the Bible. "1 am an old man," he says, "too old to learn to write, but, oh, my heart is hungry to learn to read God's Word. I want to savvy it right so that I shall have some· thing to preach." So almost every day he comes along the road and up to the mission, with Bible and First Reader under his arm. He is making good progress, too.

It is great to be here, with the antidote for Africa's bane, to "Live in a house by the side of the road And be a friend to man"!

PRAYER FOR FREEDO.M FRO:M RACE PREJUDICl<j By MORNAY WILUAMS O GOD, who hast made man in thine own likeness and who dost love all whom thou hast made, suffer us not, because of difference in race, color or condition, to separate ourselves from others and thereby from thee; but teach us the unity of thy family and the universality of thy love. As thy Son, our Saviour, was born of a Hebrew mother and ministered first to his brethren of the House of Israel, but rejoiced in the faith of a Syro-Phoenician woman and of a Roman soldier, and suffered his cross to be carried by a man of Africa; teach us, also, while loving and serving our own, to enter into the communion of the whole human family; and forbid that, from pride of birth and hardness of heart, we should despise any for whom Christ died, or injure any in whom he lives. Amen!

Caste Christians in DornakaI*

"EA.CH village in my pastorate has a Christian congregation with about one hundred Christians. 'fhe Christian houses are quite apart from . . the rich Hin.du ryots, who look on our Christians, employed by these rIch Hmdus, as meUlal servants and outcasts. To touch a Christian is consider~d pollution, and if by chance a Hindu touches a Christian by accident, he will not go home unless he has a bath in a river! Our Christians depend upon these Hindus for their maintenance, doing every kind of work for them except that inside the house, which a Christian is not allowed to enter. Our people are called 'Untouchables.' If a Brahmin, the highest caste among Hindus, happened to be there, the Christian would have to be at a respectable distance, say, eight yards. Among such people, the Gospel was propagated, and it is only these poeple that embraced Christianity. If cattle are dead among the Hindus' houses, it is the business of our people to remove the dead cattle, for which they are paid, The Hindus sometimes beat our people, and even force them to work on Sundays for them. If a Christian refuse to work on Sunday, the Hindu will not employ him on Monday, and hence starvation faces these poor men. Though our people suffer bodily, yet there is a mission agent in ell-ch village to look after them spiritually. There are 1,000 Chris- tians (of whom about 300 are communicants); some of our Christian young men and women are ready for confirmation, and about 300 are catechumens.

Thus the total number of adherents in my pastorate is about 1,300.

"There is a parish council for each village presided over by the mission agent of that village. There are 'elders'-or 'headmen' of the village who help the teacher or mission agent to carry on the mission work in the village.

"I have ten teachers in my pastorate partly supported by the S. P. G.

and partly by the contributions raised by the Christians of the village among whom the teacher works and lives. The teacher of the village, though a lay- man, acts as a pastor, judge and adviser to his congJ"egation. He conducts Matins and Evensong every day in his chapel for the people; as a judge he settles up their quarrels, and punishes the culprits by levying a fine on them; as an adviser he advises the individual members of his congregation, and is responsible for the welfare of his congregation spiritually. He collects the monthly· parish contribution and Sunday offertories, and pays me all the sl1ms he receives from his parish when he comes to me at the end of the month for his monthly salary. Part of these contributions go to pay his fixed salary per month. A teacher generally gets Rs. 10 per month (13s. 4d.) just suf- ficient for his and for his family's (wife and six children) maintenance.

" A teacheJ" is a schoolmaster for the children of his Christian congrega- tion. I have ten village schools, recognized by the Government, in my pas- torate. The Government gives a school grant of Rs. 36 per annum, and more if the Inspector of Schools is satisfied with the work of the teacher. Part of this goes toward the salary of the teacher. I have 172 schoolboys and 53 schoolgirls in all the 10 schools of my pastorate.

" According to the rule of the Bishop, I have to spend forty-five nights in pastoral work per quarter … I go on walking from one village to another, spending one or two nights in every village, when I take their services- Matins and Evensong-and give sermons and exhortations, and thus return home after fifteen or sixteen days. Some Hindus mock us, laugh at us; some hear with earnestness; some persecute us, throwing dust and cow-dung at our faces. but we return home with cheerfulness.

"Please remember us in your prayers," M. D. D.

~m The M….on FieZc!. (SOCiety tor the Propagation or the Gospel.) 878

BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHLENBERG BLDG., PHILADELPHIA

ANIMATING A COMMUNITY NEWS CHARACTERS AN]) COSTUMES STAND NEWSDEALER-a boy or girl, man or woman dressed for business. If all the papers and magazines could speak out for themselves and CuSTOMERr—a boy or girl or man or tell who reads them we would have woman, in street attire. some interesting circulation revelations. Leaders who would like to ASSISTANTS TO NEWSDEALER-ten boys know what periodicals are being read or girls with costumes or hats labeled with in their communities may employ an name of magazines represented. Caps may be made from headings or pages.

SPECIAL REPREsENTATIVE–a boy or girl, man 01' woman, in business dress.

" Animated News Stand" to help Setting them announce a play by that title, weeks in advance of the date on which A news stand effect may be produeed, it is to be presented. with stacks of periodicals as indicated, ar- ranged on a long, narrow table, and with Make a survey of newspapers and sample periodicals hung on a wire by clips. magazines subscribed for in your church, interesting everyone in the Newsdealer stands back of counter inplay to be presented and explaining specting papers. The ten assistants ma~· that it is necessary to know what be seated out of sight on the fioor behind periodicals are in circulation in order their wares and may rise when their magato present the play. zines are mentioned; or they may all ap- pear at the beginning of the play, each standing behind his wares as a customer enters.

Make a complete list of the papers CUSTOMER; You have an unusually and magazines which come to the attractive display of papers here for various families. such a small town. I'm glad to be able to buy from you. (Looks up In a survey of this type Mrs. J. C. and down counter appraising~y.) Lewis found the following periodicals in circulation in a United Presbyte- NEWSDEADER: I'm glad to have you rian congregation in a small town; look over my stock, I'm sure. But there's nothing here I can sell you. 1,716 Daily Newspapers. Everything is reserved for my pri- 120 Weekly Newspapers. vate customers. 144 Farm Periodicals. 62 Women's Magazines. CUSTOMER; None for sale? How 21 Vocational and Miscellaneous Maga- strange l I should think you have zines. more papers here than all of the resi- 100 .Juveniles. dents of your town would purchase 200 Christian Union Heralds and Youth's in many months. Are some of your Evangelist. customers from other towns? 21 Women's Missionary Magazine. 112 The United Presbyterian.

On this factual basis she prepared a NEWSDEALER; My customers are play which presented, in a very strik- only the members of the United Presing way, the reading situation. byterian Church of this town. You With the permission of the author see here their supply of newspapers we have adapted her suggestions. and periodicals for a month. Of They may be further adapted to meet course in addition to the papers and the situation in various cities or com- magazines for which they subscribe munities. regularly they purchase occasionally 879

'rHE MlSStONARY REVIEW OF THE

from other stands and many families CUSTOMER: Indeed, the women of exchange with each other, but you see your church must be well read. What on my stand a month's supply of the have you here? papers and periodicals for which they subscribe in advance. FARM JOURNALS: Farm journals. Nearly all the members of this little CUSTOMER: What stacks of news· church live on farms or were reared papers! on farms. They enjoy farm papers. I have the National Stockman and NEWSBOY: They're mine. See what Parmer, The Farm Joutnal and The stacks of them I deliver every morn- Gottntry Gentleman. My subscriping and evening. I handle six dailies, tions amount to $3.25 a month.

three from Pittsburgh, two from CUSTOMER: I'm very much inter- Washington and one from New York. ested in your news stand. It's most Almost every family in the church unusual. (Looks at stack of misceltakes a daily. Some of them take laneous magazines,) What comes two or three. I deliver the Clayville next? Weekly, too. About half of them take that. I collect $420 a year for news- MISCELLANEOUS MAGAZINES: I'm in papers alone. Right here I have $35 charge of a rather miscellaneous colinvested in one month's supply. lection. There are a few dnplicates here. I carry some vocational maga- CUSTOMER: I never thought before zines, one for a dentist, another for how many daily papers are read in a school teachers. All together not more little town' and how much they cost. than $2.00 a month is spent in my department. They're only two or three cents apiece you know and one never thinks of CUSTOMER: It's most interesting to how fast two and three cents count see the varied assortment you have. up. (Looking at a stack of maga- (Turning to stack of children's Sun· zines). What a stack of magazines day-school papers.) Ah, here is sompyou have here. What are they? thing different. What's this ~ FAMILY MAGAZINES: I'm in charge SUNDAy-SCHOOL PAPER: I repre- of family magazines-the ones the sent the little weekly Sunday-school paper for the children. They get whole family read, you know. I have tbese every Sunday. The children fifteen periodicals here. Different love. them and sometimes the whole families take different magazines but family read them. I find that the Pathfinder and The American are favorites, with the Lit- NEWSDEALER: J:Iy customers pay erary Digest and the Youth's Companion as close seconds. About half less than a dollar a month for juveof my magazines are weeklies and the nile literature in their homes. We rest are monthlies. My month'8 sup- try to do our best by giving each child plies for the people of this church a free copy of Olive Plants every Sun- day_ I wish I could get the parents amount to $15.00. CUSTOMER: You may well take to subscribe for more children's mag- azines. What children read has so pride in your stock. What come,; much to do with making them what next on vour stand f they are and what they are going to NEWSDEALER: I run an animated be. 'I.'here aren't many good maga- zines for children. news stand, you know. My periodicals speak for themselves. Nods to CUSTOMER: Have you seen this VlToman's Magazines. one? (Takes copy of "Everyland" from bag or brief case.) It'8 a sample WOMAN'S MAGAZINES: I come next. copy I picked up at a convention. I'm in charge of all the women '8 mag- It's the best thing I've seen for boys azines. Here's the Ladies' Home and girls. Journal and Good Housekeeping, The Woman's Home Companion, The NEWSDEALER: Let me get that ad· Farmer's Wife and McCall's. Sixty dollars a year are invested in me. dress. I must have that for my news My month's supplies are worth $5.00. stand. I'll get some sample copies

1926j BEST METHODS

and tell the people about it. (Writes It has been renorted as very unique address in notebook.) and complete but I am told it is sadly CUSTOMER: What's the big stack lacking in one particular.

here~ NEWSDEALER: My news stand lack- CHURCH PAPER: I'm the weekly ing! It's the best news stand in the church paper, The United Presbyte- country. In what particular is it 1·ian. The papers in my stack are sec- lacking~ ond to none. I cannot boast, like the SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVE: General newsboy, that every family takes a missionary information. (Opens bag COP)', but I can say that nearly half or pa,ckage and takes O?tt copy of of the families in the church sub- " Everyland.") Now here is a maga- scribe now for The United Presby- zine you should arrange to send into terian and read it. That means that every home where there is a boy or a they know what their church is doing girl.

and ought to do. Every week I fur- CUSTOMER: The very magazine I nish good reading for the entire fam- was showing you. (Special represent- ily and bring inspiration as well as ative tUI'ns pages and calls attention information into the homes to which to features.) I'd like to subscribe to I go. Some day perhaps the daily that for my children.

papers will be smaller and less ex- NEWSDEALER: I'll take your order pensive and we can learn to live with- if you want me to. I'm going to add out spending so much money to read that magazine to my stock. Anything of crime and scandal. Then we shall more~ have more time for reading of worth- S P E CI AL REPRESENTATIVE: Yes, while accomplishments. there '8 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF CUSTOMER: I'm sure your paper THE WORLD. Your news stand can't must be most valuable. I've heard be complete without that. One trouble for a long time your church gives with so many churches is that they more per capita for missions than know only the work of their denomi- any other Protestant church in Amer- nation. (Turns pages .o{ ,REVIEW, ica. I suppose one explanation of ralling attention to different fea- your large gifts is that you are on tures.) the job with a good weekly chnrch NEWSDEALER: Perhaps'l have neg- paper. What's this magazine? lected that side of my customers'

WOMEN'S MISSIONARY lL1GAZINE: reading. I have been supplying them Evidently you're not a United Pres- with what they ask for and they have byterian or you'd recognize me at a been so well satisfied that I didn't glance. I'm the best magazine to be think or going any farther. Now if found for $1.00 a year. There are you can leave with me a few sample sixty families in our church. Twentv- copies of that magazine I'll tell my one of them are my subscribers. . I customers about it when they come to really should go into every family. get their other papers and see "What's home without a mothed" whether they will subscribe.

and "What's a mother without a mis- CUSTOMER: I wish you'd put down sionary magazine ~ " Right beside me my subscription to begin with. is the Junior Missional-y magazine. (Dealer makes note.) Only three families subscribe for it. Isn't it strange how people will feed SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVE: I have their children up on candy and all two other magazines I'd like to show you. (Takes out copies of "The Insorts of things and yet will not g-et ternationa,l Review of Missio'ns" and them anything worth while to read ~ "The Moslem World" and displays them, calling attention to special fea- Enter Special Representative who tures. ) You will not likely find many addresses newsdealer.

SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVE: Mes- people who will subscribe for these but sages of your unusual news stand if you get even one subscriber you have travelled around the country. will be elevating not only your news 4

stand but your community. You have lated in her own mind she discussed them with a number of the leading a very :fine news stand here. members and presented them to the pastor and the official board. Pre- NEWSDEALER: Thank you. Weare vious attempts had been fostered by a small committee. Now if it was to be proud of our news stand. Our people made a church-wide affair it seemed logical that the official board should are not rich. They have very moder- cooperate. This they agreed to do and also to bear any expense incurred ate incomes, but they spend $800 a in advertising. They appointed one of their number to be especially reyear for periodicals or about $75 a sponsible for securing the attendance of the men. That was the next probmonth. Of course only about $85 a lem-how to get the people to come. year of that amount goes for religious While it is not the policv of the church to feed the people to get them periodicals. Now I see that even with to attend services, yet experience had proven that people who work find it that small amount I have sadly neg- a real task to finish their evening meal in time to get to a seven o'clock lected the side of general missionary service-especially those who live at a distance from the church. information. I'll get all my agents It was decided therefore to serve busy and the next time you come this supper. If whole families were to come it was necessary to keep the way you'll see a well-balanced news price down to the minimum. Another stand. Dayton church had been successful with 10c suppers. It was decided we Customer savs good-bye and goes out. would try serving 10c suppers.

Newsdealer cairs his ten assistants and Thirty-six women and girls (six for each evening), agreed to prepare amI sends them out through the audience with serve the supper with a charge of s.,uwbwscorifpttihoen blanks for The Missionary Re- only ten cents for each guest. World and Everyland. He may Six classes were decided unon ; ask for subscriptions to the International Three for adults-Bible, Present-Day Problems and Missions; two for Review and the Moslem morld. young people-Missions and Life Problems j and one for children- As the ten assistants to the newsdealer Missions.

return to their places behind the stand they The Dayton churches are highly favored by being near the denominamay summon several children in costume tional headquarters, so the very best material is available for teachers. of various lands to add to their force to The leaders of groups were all lead- ers in the denomination and the represent Everyland and some one in inter- classes were very successful. It may be said, however, that there are pernational costume for the Missionary Re- sons in every congregation who could lead such classes. Splendid helps are view of the World. Other magazines may available at church headquarters which anyone with average intellibe suggestively costumed. gence can use.

Mrs. Lewis's suggestions may be adapted The next step was advertising. The matter was talked over and anin various ways to present and improve the periodical circulation and reading situation in a church.

CAN IT BE DONE?

REPORTED BY FLORENCE C. CLJPPliNGER This is the question which confronted a few of the "missionary minded" people of Euclid Avenue United Brethren Church in Dayton, Ohio, in the spring of 1926. A church night program had been attempted several times with varying de,.grees of success, but it had never been made a real church-wide affair.

Finally the chairman of the missionary committee in the Sunday school, with a rather scientific turn of mind determined to put the matter to a real test. She wanted to ascertain whether there was any truth in the statement of some people that conditions at Euclid Avenue were altogether different from those at other places where Church Night was very successful.

After certain plans were formu-

BEST METHODS

nounced in the bulletin several weeks Aiftults Average in advance. Large posters were A tteltdaMe made and displayed inside and outside the church. A tentative pro- Bible-' , Ephesians' , 15 Missions-' , Peasant Pioneers" 12 Present-Day Problems-A differ- gram was multigraphed and passed ent speaker each evening includ- out to the congregation with the sug- ing the mayor of the city and gestion that the members check the the postmaster. 55 class they preferred and return the Young People slip so that arrangements could be completed. Later the real program "What Shall I Do With My Life" 13 was printed with a perforated slip at the bottom which was to be checked, , 'Religion and the Girlhood of signed and returned, indicating registration for classes and whether or Other Lands" 19 not the individual would be present Children , 'Trips to E,very Land" 33 7: 45 Devotional Services 99 YES, IT CAN BE DONE!

for supper. Then all was in readi- A HOUSE OF REST ness.

The highest hope of anyone for the "I 'have never had such a restfUl first night was 100 in attendance. time." When the C(JUnt was made it was dis- "The most restful house I have covered that there were 127 present ever known."

and the attendance increased, making "I have had the first restful vacathe average for the six Wednesday tion for years."

nights 147. While this may not "Our family has never been able seem a large number for a congrega- to be together on furlough before." tion of over 1,000 members yet it was -Quotations from missionaries from various so far in advance of anything ever lands. WhO have 11ved in ·'Tbe House of Rest."

accomplished before that the results In the lovely city of Pasadena, Calwere quite gratifying. Words of ifornia, there is a handsome residence, highest praise were heard on all sides centrally located, which has in its concerning the work of the different hallway a bronze tablet telling that classes. Surely some seeds were sown which will result in materially "This House of Rest is erected by extending Christ's Kingdom on earth. David P. Gamble, .Mary H. Gamble for their friends, the missionaries." The ten cent charge for suppers more than paid the expense incurred Every missionary family knows the for the food and they were not light problems of the furlough. A place lunches but real dinners. Many ar- to live during the furlough year is ticles of food were donated and many one of the greatest of them. To find paid more than IDe for their meal so an apartment with a large dining that there was a final balance of. room, bedroom, kitchen, bath and $10.35. This was used to buy small porch, beautifully furnished; to gifts for each of the teachers-all know that there are trunk rooms, busy people who had sacrificed a storeroom! reception room, laundry, great deal of time and effort to do the sewing room, a refrigeration plant for everybody in the house and beauwork. tiful verandahs overlooking a lovely Following is the program and the lawn which evidences skilful land- average attendance: scape gardening; to be assured that CHURCII NIGHT five people can live comfortably in the apartment, that a crib is avail- Euclid Ave. U. B. Church ;0 able and that all the neighbors will February 10th and each Wednesday night for six weeks. be glad to know that you have a baby-this is joy unspeakable for the 6: l5-8upper for all who attend classes, furloughed missionary. Cafeterias lOco and restaurants are near by, if you 7: OO-Discussion Groups.

do not wish to prepare all your own proach are provided into the homes meals. and families of the community. There As you look at the lovely apartments, furnished in such good taste, are 476 families on the visiting list, you may begin to think of the size of your monthly check until you are and in 52 of these families systematic assured. instruction is given from the New "The rent? Oh, the rent is nomi- Testament. nal. A large part of the running expenses are provided by an endow- The director is the tireless center of ment." all the activities. Her enthusiasm "The House of Rest" with its eight apartments has been open now for and cheer and high purpose are innearly three years. It has been a most valuable addition to the best fectious. She believes in the Bible, methods department of the Presby- and at every group meeting a Bible terian Church by bringing cheer and rest to many tired missionaries. All story is told, or other religious inmissionaries on furlough with their families, also Y. W. C. A. and Y. M. struction is given. During the sum- C. A. secretaries are eligible as House of Rest residents. mer 50 children were sent to the In different sections of the country Bethany Metropolitan Camp, and the there are individuals or couples wh'o could establish similar Houses of girls have already formed a Bethany Rest which would prove an investment bearing far richer returns than Club to continue the Christian influrenting agencies can report. ences which they received there. WINNING THE JEWS Nor do these Jewish young folks In the Brownsville section of Brooklyn there is a little corner store think only of themselves. The Sunknown as the East New York NeiQ'h- day school is helping an Indian boy borhood House. There is nothing attractive in its appearance. But about to go to school in the far West and it gathers a wealth of romance. one of the clubs has been making Scattered about are some Polish and Italian families, but the population scrap books for the Indian children is predominantly ,Jewish. of the Tuberculosis Hospital of Tuc- The Neighborhood House has discovered a way to reach into these son, Arizona. homes and to touch these .Tewish To understand the meaning of it lives. There is nothing. spectacular in the method. It is simply the way all you should hear the director tell of love and understanding. The win- of some of her boys and girls who ning factor is consecrated personality. Clubs and classes of various have gone out and taken positions of kinds are the means of contact, love Christian leadership. Let her tell does the rest. you of the members of the "Ala- The Boys and Girls Scout Troops, the Star Club, the Boys' Club and bama" and other gangs, who have other groups afford a way of getting acquainted with scores of young peo- come under the spell of Christ. To ple. Through them channels of ap- go with her into scores of homes would be a revelation of how Christ, through the lives of His' disciples, can win His way into Jewish homes and hearts. J. S. C.

THE HOLIDAY DOLLAR A special gift of at least a dime on each of the great holidays is a plan proposed in rhyme by Miss Olivia Lawrence, of the Woman's Board of the Reformed Church in America- thankofferings on January 1, Febru- ary 12, 'February 22, May 30, July 4, Labor Day, October 12, Thanksgiving Day, Christmas, Your own Birthday.

Such an extra holiday dGllar of- fered with praise for the national and personal blessings of those days, and prayer for the nations and peoples of earth would mean a great advance.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK DAY OF PRAYER FOR MISSIONS Literature for Women and Children March 4, 1927 in Mission }<'ields and E'arm and Once again the Day of Prayer for Cannery Migrants.

Missions draws near. Every year NEW AMERICANS sees a wider fellowship of believing women drawn into this united prayer From the report of the Committee of the for missions throughout the whole Home Missions Council Q,nd Council of women wide earth. This year for the first for Home Missions, Thomas BurgeBs~ Chairtime it becomes in reality and in name 'lnan. a World Day of Prayer. Missionaries are already planning to celebrate the Significant progress by home misday in every mission land, and women sion boards has been made in enlarged of many nations are being drawn near service to our foreign-born neighbors, to each other as they draw near to the New Americans. Most of the God. boards have departments or special- ists for the promotion of church The Council of Women for Home work among ,immigrants-Christian Missions and the Federation of service and evangelism. Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions have made careful plans for the Collectively, the boards, through day through the work of a joint com- the two Councils, have carried on the mittee. A cycle of prayer has been Bureau of Reference for Migrating prepared to be used during the People: the welcoming of strangersmonths and weeks immediately pre- newly-arrived immigrants-following ceding the Day of Prayer. We shall them to their destination, and putget out of this day not more than we ting them in touch with Christian American friends and churches of their choice.

put into it. If it is prayerfully Bureau of Reference for Migrating planned for by the local groups its People blessings may be carried through the How the Councils Have Made It Poswhole year. It is hoped that the purpose for sible /01' Local Chul'ches to which it has been established may be Welcome Strangers steadily held in mind. It is a Day The growth of the Bureau has been of Prayer for Missions and for mis- extraordinary; during 1925 it in- sionaries throughout the world. No creased over 100%. "Welcoming addresses, or songs or exercises should Strangers," a leaflet recently off the be admitted to the observance that do press, tells the human side of the not contribute directly to its main work. It defines the Bureau as "a purpose. Neither should its scope be chain of contacts which reaches from broadened too much; it is a Day of the smallest church in the old coun- Prayer for home and foreign mis- try across intervening oceans into the sions. new homeland, providing a welcome It has been interesting to note for the newcomer to the church of his choice in the community where he through the years a steady growth in proposes to locate." the size of the offering that is made on that day toward the approved in- The organization of the Bureau is ternational and interdenominational comparatively simple. It involves a projects: Women's Union Christian part-time worker at Ellis Island and Colleges in Foreign Fields, Christian ~ecretaries in the offices in New York.

885

In addition, it involves cooperation Distribution by Religious D'enominatwn of pastors to whom names of Protes- Denominations Served ………….. 12 tant immigrants are sent, as well as Baptist Methodist Congregational Presbyterian church federations and church offi- Disciples Reformed Episcopal Orthodox· Armenian cials in every state in the Union. Evangelical Lutheran Greek Their cooperation is vital, as they are Russian the ones who are informed by mail of the arrival of the "stranger" and asked to serve him by' personal visita- Responsibility of Protestant Churches tion, providing a welcome and a fel- Immigration Year Ending .June 30, 1925 lowship in the local church. From European countries …….. 148,000 From dominant Protestant countries 108,(}OO The number of cooperating chap- From dominant Protestant countries 73% lains and port secretaries of other agencies in Europe has been in- Oanada creased and the bonds of working re- The importance of cooperation with Canadian churches is emphasized by lationships in interchange of names the fact that out of the 294,000 im- migrants who came into the United have been strengthened. One third States during the past :fiscal year, 102,000 came by way of Canada. of the number of names now received The Department of the Stranger of for distribution by the Bureau comes each denomination in Canada has sec- retaries in each local church to whom direct from Europe as advance no- are sent notices of newly-arrived im- migrants, and whose duty it is to see tices of immigration. that these immigrants are met and put in touch with the church and peo- In 1925' there was steady growth, ple of their denomination. This is the same as our system with the immonth by month, in number of cases portant addition that cards and work clear through lay secretaries as well referred by the Bureau. Our respon- as clergy in every place, and that it is working effi!ectively everywhere. sibility as Protestants is great since, All churches in Canada are thor- oughly alive to and enthusiastic over according to government immigration the work of welcoming the stranger.

figures for the current year, 73% of In addition to this the Department of the Stranger, through local secreour present immigration comes from taries and central offices, attends to all removals from one parish to anpredominantly Protestant countries other. These are not immigrants but in Europe. simply church people moving from one place to another within Canada. Growth of Work Thus it is that the tremendous waste caused by moving and not following 1924 19f!!5 Inorease up that is found in the United States, is effectively eliminated througnout Cases :referred to Canada.

churches ……… 5,284 11,098 112,% Elli. Island 1924 19f!!5 The work of our Bureau is closely articulated with welfare work on the .Jauuary ………… ,…… 129 450 Island. A joint meeting of welfare workers at Ellis Island, and officials February .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 719 386 of thirty-three religious and philan.

March ……………….. 524 862 April ………………… 369 1,262 May …………………. 365 975 ,Tune ………………… 331 902 .Tuly …………………. 117 563 August ……………….. 259 707 September ……….. :….. 524 1,040 October ………………. 953 1,206 November …………….. 526 1.420 December ……………. " 468 1,325 5,284 11,098 Cla••"ificatwn by ?'-utwnality Served Nationalities involved …………… 32 Armenian French 'Poiish Austrian German Roumanian Belgian Greek Russian British Isles Hungarian Serbian Croatian .Ta panese Spanish Czech J,ithuanian Swedish Danish Maltese Swiss Dutch Magyar Syrian Esthonian Norwegian Turk Finnish Persian

iO:!6] WOM…N 'S HmIE )lISSION BULLETIN

thropic agencies which they repre- while preaching Chril;ltian brothersented, passed the following: hood we practice it as our Lord did to all men. In churches where this Jiellolveil, That a~ representativ~8 of or- simple fundamental Christian method has been tried, results have been truly ganizations whose mterests and mfluences wonderful.

extend to the limits of Olll' country, and RELIGIOUS BOOKS FOR BLIND wa hihc!ht~dthorofugwhelcthoemewealnfadre workers, extend From the report of the Committee on Re- ministry to the ligious Privileges for the Blind of the Home Missions CouDell and Council of Women for many strangers who come to ~~ke their Home Miissions, Irene Haislip, Chairman.

home with us we express, by I'lsmg vote. The work of this Committee for the past year has been very satisfactory our great appreciation of the splendid and encouraging.

improvements that have thus far been ef- Last June the Chairman was sent fected * * * for the comfort of incoming to the Biennial Convention of the Na- tional Association of Workers for the immigrants. Blind which met at Hudson, Ohio. Much helpful information was gotten tioFnuarlthcehr~ngIets is our conviction that addi- and the report of the work of this urged by the Commissioner Committee was enthusiastically re- ceived. It was the first time in the should be made possible by the Govern- 22 years of its existence that any re- ligious work had been presented to ment at an early date these to include fire- the Association.

proof dock structure, better water supply, We are rejoiced to announce that our Braille book, Dr. George Mathe- Jvainddingextfeonrsiomn~diacnadl especially the plan pro- son's "Day Unto Day," has been examination of immi- published and the hundred copies were placed before they were off the grants at the ports of departure_ press. Many appreciative letters have been received from the blind and Bibliography on Immigration workers among the blind and we are now considering getting out another A brief annotated bibliography on edition. We also hope in the near Immigration and Assimiliation of our future to publish other books. This, Foreign-Born for c.hurch workers and of course, will depend largely upon leaders has been prepared, mimeo- the generosity of individuals and graphed copies of which can be se- Boards interested in this work. cured from the Councils. On Thanksgiving Day, Miss Lydia Attention is also called to the Hayes, the blind member of the Com- "Handbook-Bibliography of Foreign mittee, told of the work we are trying Language Groups in the United States to do at a union meeting of all the and Canada," compiled by Miss AmJ- churches in Nutley, N. J., and later Blanche Greene and published by the Miss Hayes was presented with some- Council of Women for Home :lris- what over $100 for our work. sions and the Missionary Education Movement. This highly commended As has been the case all along, so it and exhaustive book, invaluable for is now. We need funds with which all who come in contact with foreign- to carryon the work. 'Ve commend born, can be ordered fro!J1 the Coun- this work to you and ask that you cil of Women for Home Missions, 156 pray for it and contribute, if pos- Fifth Avenue, New York City, price sible. ,. $1.50, cloth; $1.25, paper. • Contributions may be sent to Counon of Christianizing Our Churches WOIll.8Il for Home Missions, 156 Firth Avenue, New York City. The fundamental which alone can make efl'ective the fulfillment of our duty to New Americans is the practice of Christian fellowship toward the stranger. The great need is to persuade people everywhere to practice Christianity, simply by expressing the spirit of goodwill and neighborliness to strangers about them. We cannot expect New Americans to come to our churcheS, to accept in any way our advances, to have any confidence in our sincerity, unless

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACL.WRIN, 25 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY CHRISTIAN COLLEGES FOR and a few fathers were willing to let WOMEN IN ASIA their daughters attend lectures at As in Europe so in the Orient the men's colleges. The academic success term "student" is reserved for those of most of these students began to dis- who are carrying on their education pel the idea that women were as such beyond school age, and who have al- incapable of understanding the higher ready matriculated at some univer- studies and of passing the same ex- sity. It is only in the last twenty aminations as men. We must greatly years that Oriental women have de- honor the achievement of these pioneer served this term, as, in addition to a women who, underwent great exer- widespread disbelief in the capacity tions with few alleviations and en- of women for university studies, so- joyments, and thus paved the way for cial custom iii. the Orient enjoined their younger sisters to move on to marriage at an age too early to allow happier thing-s.

a girl to continue her studies be- In the twentieth century the num- yond her very early years. Even to ber of women students and gradu- educate girls at all seemed to many ates became sufficiently large to cause impossible, to most unnecessary, and serious tllOUght on the part of mis- to some injurious. Occasionally some sionaries. These academic women were learned father might educate a much- of immense importance a}!d influence.

loved daughter, but the acceptance of ]l.10st of them were Christian, and women's education as an ordinary their value in church work and in fact in national life is a l)rocess still mission schooL'i was beginning to be in its initial stages. It had its rise felt. 'l'he idea of women's colleges in the 19th century and is the fruit of sprang up in several places. But the Christian missions. Not only has the expense seemed prohibitive and the Church raised the age of marriage for number of specialist teaehers required Christian girls, thereby gaining for for. the staff seemed unattainable. The them the time and health for higher teachers must all be university honor education, but it has also opened the graduates themselves and no mission gate of learning to them by establish- could devote the few such women jng girls' schools in all its fields of which it possessed to the instruction work. Last year Ceylon celebrated of a handful of matriculated girls.

the centenary of the first girls' school Two or three missions made efforts of in Asia, the Uduvil school in Taffra, this sort and added college classes to which is the work of the American one or two of their chief high schools, Congregational Mission. but in hardly any case could they Women's colleges, however, are the carryon the work beyond the govern- fruit of the present century and, con- ment examination which comes as a sidering all the many obstacles that test at the end of the second year. beset their origin, it is amazing that The complete course of four years even the small group of tbem which which is required of "first-grade col- now exists has come into being at all. leges, " and the absolute separation All the objections raised against the from school which is so necessary for education of women in general were the academic dignity and standing of urged with ten-fold strength against a college seemed impossible.

their university education. But some The remedy was found where the girls strangely desired it, the univer- remedy for many missionary prob- sity authorities were not against it, lems may yet be found-in combina- 888 tion and union. What no one mission varied types of thought and action.

could afford to do, several missions Nothing is so uniting as a common in cooperation might accomplish. task, and in carrying on the work of And so in the last fifteen years Union union colleges we learn to give and Christian Colleges for women have to receive, and to realize how much sprung up in India, China and J a- greater than our differences is our pan, and have attained a success far unity of purpose and our community beyond the expectation of their of resource.

founders. The first response was an Seven of such union colleges have immediate increase in the number of become widely known in America by girls sent to the colleges. Parents means of the magnificent efforts made saw many of their misgivings re- in the years 1920-1923 to collect named when they found that their funds of two million dollars for their daughters would be taught by women aid. The seven are the following: and with women, and would be lodged (1) Woman '8 Christian College, 'I'okyo, in buildings where every care would Japan.

be taken of their health and where (2) Yenching College, Peking, China. their teachers would live with them. (3) Ginling College, Nanking, China. The girls themselves also were eager (4) Women's Medical School, Shantnng in their' desire to go on with their VniversHy, TsinllJl, China. (5) Isabella Thoburn College, Lucknow, studies in places where they could India. have the peace and safety of the (6) Woman's ,Christian College, Madras, boarding school combined with greater freedom or more manifold ac- India. (7) Women's Medical School, Vellore, In- dia.

tivity. The missions also before long The splendid generosity of those could welcome to the staff of their who contributed to that great enterhigh schools teachers of the same lan- prise has provided the seven colleges guage and race as their pupils, aca- with what was lacking in the way of demically fit for their work and land, building and equipment, though moulded by the valuable training de- all seven are sorely in need of endowrived from life in a residential col- ment in order to use the gifts belege. stowed upon them to the best advan- tage. And there are a few other The advantages of union in such colleges which in 1920 did not come missionary work are many. Not only under the definition of a "Union is the expense which would be too Christian College for Women" but great for one mission lessened by be- ing shared, but it is a positive gain which may justly claim that appellathat different types of Christian tion now, notably the Kinnaird Col- thought and different habits of devo- lege at Lahore and the Ludhiana tion should make their varying con- School of Medicine, which are both in tributions. It is indeed most unde- the Punjab. Nor is it at all doubtful sirable that" our unhappy divisions" that other colleges will very soon be should be perpetuated in the mission needed for the increasing number of field, and yet each sect has arisen applicants. India, for instance, has from a zeal for clearer truth or between three and four hundred mil- greater devotion, and the deep prob- lions of inhabitants, of whom half are lems represented by the seclusions of women, and it is clear that three or the Church of Christ cannot be four colleges will not suffice for them.

lightly dismissed as unimportant. Nor can the needs of Japan be met by The way to union is not negation but one college. The very success of the affirmation, and by wanted recogni- first Oriental colleges ror women in- tion of positive contributions made by sures their multiplication.

those who differ from one anoth!'r. The aim of these colleges is frankly The United Church of Christ will Chdstian. The purpose of each is to tindroom for all. the: richp.essof strengthen both intensively a~dex-

tensively the Church of Christ in the NEW ASSOCIATE MEMBER OF THE land in which that college is placed, and thus to aid the Church in its EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE great task of bringing that land to the feet of Christ. All other aims It is a great pleasure to present to are secondary to this. A missionary the constituency of the Federation of Woman's Boards of 'Foreign Missions college regards all truth as a revela- our new Associate Member, Dame tion of God and every student as a Rachel Crowdy, Executive Secretary seeker after truth. It believes that of the League of Nations Social Servthe Christian cause has everything to ice Department. Dame Rachel is COIlgain and nothing to lose by the widest sidered one of the ablest and most diffusion of knowledge, that igno- outstanding women of Europe. She rance, prejudice and apathy are its has accomplished a piece of work on great enemies, and that the nation to behalf of women and children un- paralleled in the history of social service. It was a great event when she visited America in June and asked especially to meet the ITission- ary women of North America. Her appeal was so irresistible that we pledged our cooperation and made her an asscciate member of our Ex- ecutive Committee. We hope to have a letter from her for our readers in the near future.

You will be interested in remem- bering this remarkable woman in your daily Quiet Hour. She feels keenly tbat the Christian women of the world are most responsible for the making of a new world in which justice shall prevail.

IMPORTANT CONFERENCE COMING DAME RACHAEL CROWDI The National Student Conference of the Council of Chridian Associa- tions at Milwaukee, Wisconsin December 28, 19,'26 to January 1, 1927 which the college ministers has much Consider the significance of the folto contribute to the world's store of lowing topics for discussion: thought and knowledge and much light to shed on the Divine truth of Theme–" CHRISTIANITY-THE WAY the Gospel. Its work is to remove barriers, to release hidden energies, OUT FOR THE LIFE OF TODAY." to make windows for the light and to draw the attention of the thoughtful 1. How Far Does Contemporary Religion to the claims of Christ" in whom are R<lsemble the Life of Jesus~ hid all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge.' , 2. Are We Mechanical Toys or Children of Godf ELEANOR McDOUGALL, President Woman's Christian College, Mad- 3. What Happens to Race Barriers and ras, India,. Economic Imperialism if We Believe That God Is LoveT 4. Qm Human Nature Be Changed' If So, How'

5. On What Terll)s is Life Achievable'

FROM l1IANY

LATIN AMERICA statesmanship. He is destined to be Summer Institute in Cuba in the forefront of leadership in the F OR two weeks in June the Presby- republic. The Indian has stayed close terian and Friends pastors, to the soil and has gathered strength teachers and other church workers from his simple environment for his held their Summer Institute in Car- task. "

denas, Cuba, the center of the Presbyterian educational work. "This Stone-Throwing in Costa Rica S Institute, " says The American HORTLY before his recent death, the late Rev. W. F. Jordan, of Friend, "had an added interest in that the Government is increasing its the American Bible Society, wrote of demands for better-prepared teachers the conversions which had been tak- in all the private schools. Fortunately, ing place in Costa Rica, and con- while motivated to some extent by tinued: "But the enemy has not similar conditions that exist in been idle. 'From publishing insults Mexico, there is no evidence that it in their paper, such as saying, 'The is in any wayan antireligious move- Protestant periodical is very good ment." This year, classes were held paper, good to make fires with,' the by four representatives of the priests have proceeded to advise bodily National University from Havana violence to the students. The out- and the public school system, and an come of this was seen when a band expert normal teacher from Amster- of students were in a near-by town, dam, N. Y. where they had arranged a special service. They were set upon and as· Power of MexicaD Indians saulted by a group of people. Sticks REV. PAUL E. BAKER, chaplain and stones were used. Some women of Fisk University, who has reo standing by urged on the men, one cently visited Mexico, is quoted as of whom struck one of the students follows in The Christian Advocate: repeated blows on the head until the "It i!' significant that the Indian blood flowed. Later a service was people are coming forward in the new held, when some who had thrown stones lisj;ened quietly to the GospeL" regime. The strength of the old em- pire is being revived. Of the thirteen million people in Mexico, three mil- Image Crowned in Costa. Rica lion are Indians. This number, if OVER a century ago the Govern.

given a chance, can make a wonderful ment of Costa Rica installed contribution to the life of the reo "the Virgin de los Angeles," a stone public. The Indian is not of mixed image about five inches high, as the blood. The characteristics of many patron saint of the country. A recent races do not fight within his per· ceremony is described as follows by a sonality. He has poise, spiritual writer in the Latin American Evan- power, artistic strength, character, gelist:" Costa Rica, in a great out- intellectual capacity. When he is burst of loyalty and devotion to the given the advantage of education and Queen of Heaven, has just crowned culture, he will be a great power in her image with a splendor and pomp Mexican life. Those who are bring· not hitherto seen in this land of pov· ing him forward show vision and true erty that walks barefoot. Every 891

queen must have a crown and so they the masses, in a sense of solidarity got her a gold one, encrusted with with the masses, and in a deman~ for precious stones valued at $20,000…. a square deal for all." "With this The occasion was a great one and the new idealism," reports Mr. Ewald, priests professed themselves highly "there is coming an awakening of inpleased with the whole performance. terest in religion. This has not yet They had been feeling somewhat con- affected any considerable number, but cerned about the decadence of their it has already influenced a sufficient religion, for today 'the Protestant number of the leading intellectuals heretics' dare to open their churches, and choicest spirits to warrant the and build their Bible Institutes, and belief that a well-directed effort just apparently, the people are willing." now might turn this tide of idealism Christ-ward.' , Ecuador "Humanly Impregnable" A Brazilian Town Made Over REV. A. C. SNEAD, Foreign Secretary of the Christian and H OW the town of Tatuamunha, in Missionary Alliance, writes of Ecua- eastern Brazil, has been transdor: "I have been in eight South formed is told by Rev. John lfein, a American republics during the last Baptist missionary. He writes; year and can say with a certainty "The church decided to build a place that this is the most difficult field on of worship, and the missionary recthis continent. There is nothing com- ommended a Christian bricklayer parable with the central region of who had been tried out elsewhere. Ecuador in fanaticism, priest-craft ·With his coming a new day dawned and heart-breaking irresponsiveness. for the town. His good work on the ]Ian after man, gifted with hopeful- building attracted many. As a result ness and courage, has collided with property owners became asllamed of this humanly impregnable wall and their dilapidated buildings, and in fallen back broken in spirit and consequence the town is experiencing physical health ….. Among the ques- a material transformation. The bricktions which confront the Mission is layer preached the Gospel by his whether the policy of establishing faithfulness as a skilled workman as stations among the Quichua-speaking well as by word of mouth. He has Indians out in the villages of the since fixed over the houses of several country districts shall be continued who were the worst enemies of the or whether the work can be more ef- Gospel, and others are awaiting the fectively done by concentrating the touch of his hand. This young major effort in reaching them through church, as yet only four years old, stations in the larger cities." alread;y: enjoys the distinction of having four of its sons studying for South America and the Y. M. C. A. the ministry and two of its daughters preparing for Christian service." I T IS the opinion of Charles J. Ewald, after a long period of care- Brazilian Mission to· Portugal ful study on the ground, that South Ameri')a offers to the Y. M. C. A. an T HE little body of faithful Chrisunprecedented opportunity for re- tians who make up St. John's ligious service. There is a remarkable Church in Rio de Janeiro have sent tide of idealistic passion now running Rev. Hyppolito de Campos to spend among the studen~s of the Latin six months in preaching the Gospel American republics. This, he says, in Portugal. He was for twenty-six has brought a" demand for greater years a Roman Catholic priest, and earnestness and reality and an inter- was sent by his bishop to drive the est in great vital issues. It is seen in early missionaries out of the city of the growing interest on the part of the Juiz de Fora and to break up their young!?!.' intell~ctuals in the welfare of work. One result. of his encounter.

1926J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

with the Protestant missionaries was touches"–electric lights and steam his conversion. Later he began to heat-and explains as follows how it preach and served a number of came to be erected: ' 'The Moslem churc3es. Institute is the child of an alliance of religious tolerance signed in 1767 Five years ago" when nearly between Louis XV, and Sultan Moseventy years of age, he began wider hammed bin Abdullah. In 1895, tl1e evangelistb service- and has had a re- Prench 'Comite de l' Afrique' bemarkable ministry. Various denomi- gan to advocate this treaty to the nations have been making use of him letter. In 1920 the Briand Governin their Churches. He conducted a ment voted to the newly created series of evangelistic services in St. ,Moslem Institute a preliminary credit John's Church, Rio, that attracted many and led souls to Christ. The of 500,000 francs and the city of Paris brethren there conceived the idea of ceded the ground. Morocco followed raising the necessary amount of suit with a subscription of three milmoney to send him on an evangelistic lion francs. Later all of Moslem tour through PortugaL Just beforc Africa and also the French public he embarked a special farewell meet- subscribed and more than enough was ing was held at St. John's. The house obtained to complete the mosque, the was packed; friends of all denomina- minaret, subsidiary buildings and the tions turned out to bid him Godspeed. gardens."

EUROPE German Missionary Societies Livingstone Memorial in Scotland T HE Rhenish Mission reports that between the years 1914 and 1920 THE plan to purchase and make a there was no diminution in the num- national memorial of the house ber of mission stations, nor of the at Blantyre on the Clydc where European workers in the mission David Livingstone was born, which fields and that the number of Chriswas described in the May REVIEW, is tians increased from 231,000 to 308,- evidently making progress, for at- 000. The real difficulties appeared tention is being called to it in from 1920 to 192:'), when the number American newspapers. An editorial of mission stations decreased 'from in the New Y m'k Times on October 1]7 to 74 and the European workers 1st, after paying tribute to the serv- from 224 to 115. Even then the numices rendered by Livingstone to ber of Christians increased from science and geography, as well as to 308,000 to 361,000, or 40 per cent. his devotion to humanity) says: The income from the home con- stituency is only 65 per cent of the Whether the monument at Chitambo, amount received before the War, but where Livingstone died, or the memorial to this speaks well for the zeal of the him iu Westminster Abbey is the more friends of the society in hard times. moving, who shall say' A committee which includes Field Marshal Haig, Ramsay Mac· The Orient Mission of Potsdam, Donald, Sir .T. M. Barrie and .Tohn Buchan whose founder (Dr. Lepsius) died last proposes to acquire the house at Blantyre February, has changed its name to in which Livingstone was born and convert "Dr. Lepsius Deutsche Orient Misit into a museum for personal relics of the sion. " Dr. Bernhard Lepsius, the explorer. The cost will be £12,000. Con· brother of the former president, has tributions from Livingstone's admirers in been elected to this office. The misother countries will be gladly received. sion which is thirty years old, and was destroyed by the War is being rebuilt, Origin of the Paris Mosque first by the care of the orphans and the liberation of Christians who had THE dedication in July of an become prisoners of the Moham- elaborate mosque in Paris was medans during the terrible persecudescribed in the October REVIEW, The Moslem Outlook, published in South Africa, gives a detailed description of the building, including "the modern

tions and banishment, and who there that the consumption of alcohol in became Mohammedan. The society Germany decreased during the war, has already liberated from captivity but since then has leaped to un- two hundred such Christians. precedented heights; the German The German Institute for Medical republic even in its reduced size now Mi.ssions expects to send out eight having a drink bill of three billion medical missionaries during the pres- marks a year, nearly 2,500 marks per ent year, three to East Africa, one family, more than the maximum an- each to As~man, Nubia, Sumatra and nuities stipulated in the Dawes China and one to either Borneo or reparations plan. The Drys in Ger- China. many present the petition on economic as well as moral grounds and have Help tor European Churches aroused tremendous sentiment, many T HE Administrative Committee of members of the Reichstag aiding in the Federal Council of Churches the drive. There are twenty-seven has recommended that Reformation women members of the lower house of Day, October 31st, be widely observed the national legislative body, all this year and that the occasion be Dry. "

used for the purpose of securing financial aid for the relief of the Jews in Eastern Europe A churches in .Europe. Although eco- BOUT half the Jews in the world live in the eastern part of the nomic conditions in Europe generally have considerably improved, there are European continent. Post-war events still many places where the situation have thrust them into an economic is very acute, for instance, the collapse of the franc has brought real dis- and social pass possibly as disastrous tress to the French pastors and other as anything in the entire troubled Christian workers whose salary is ap- history of Jewry. The Russian proximately 6,000 franes a .year, revolution abolished the occupations which with the present rate of ex- which were almost their entire liveli- hood. The present economic "nearchange, amounts to about $160. The collapse" of Poland has fallen with Central Bureau for Relief of the great weight upon the Jews, so that ninety-five per cent or them are Evangelical Churches of Europe, with estimated to be unemployed. Kindred headquarters at Zurich is, however, difficulties have befallen othel' Eastern not confining itself to a relief pro- European Jewish popUlations. The gram. In particular, the Bureau is burden of keeping this vast populacooperating in the matter of develop- tion alive has fallen almost entirely ing a new leadership. Scholarships upon the American Jews. They have are furnished to likely theological contributed about $100,000,000 since the war through organizations, and students to enable them to study probably as -much more through perabroad and funds are now being sonal gifts sent across to friends and sought for a number of fellowships for study in America.

GermalUl A.k tor Local Option relatives. This achievement stands as one of the most remarkable gener- FIFTEEN million Germans have osities on record. The current appeal signed a petition to the Reichstag for $25,000,000 bids fair to be fully praying for local option in their met. The response has been such as country. The Christian Intelli- to move many non-Jews to give.

gencer, which states that this report Striking gifts have been that of $100,- has been received by the American 000 from the Rockefeller Foundation W. C. T. U., continues: "The drive and a subscription from Cardinal for signers to the local option petition Hayes. The money is being used most is the largest ever conducted in efficiently in establishing the Jews in Europe. The petition pointed out agricultural and other new occupa-

NEWS FROM MANy LANDS

tions with very gratifying results.- have already been much used in help- American Friend. ing others."

AFRICA A Congo Leader in Earnest M T The NUe Mission Press HE evangelistic work of the ANY interesting facts are to be Southern Methodist Church at found in the twenty-first annual Minga, in the Belgian Congo, shows report of this institution which has encouraging growth along various rendered such inestimable service in lines. Rev. C. C. Bush writes: "The carrying the Gospel to Moslems. self-management and self-support be- While more of its publications are gun last year have now reached self- used in Egypt than in any other propagation under the leadership of single country, they are to be found the wonderful native preacher and in thirty different lands. The Director executive, Nganjolo. He understand~ of the Press, Arthur T. Upson, says: the people of his own race and tells "A year ago we had 530 separate the chiefs to their faces that they Arabic publications, but now the cannot make him meaningless prom- number is over 570. All of these are ises as they do the white people. If in Arabic, with the exception of a a chief does not provide a parsonage few English translations from the and a church shed, Nganjolo will not Arabic; a:nd all are religious, not allow that village to have a preacher.

merely educational. …… In 1923 we If the people do not attend the ser- circulated 160,000 copies and in 1924 vices and contribute toward the sup- 340,233 whereas in 1925 the number port of the Gospel, he moves the was 357,056, without counting the preacher to a more responsive village.

consignment of portionettes which It does not take long for the preach- had been sent to adjoining countries. ers, the chiefs, and the people to see These figures take no account of the that he is in real earnest about the united colporteurs of the Nile Valley; King's business."

these faithful men sold 33,547 vol- umes as compared with 30,009 the Aniut Summer School year before." T HE United Presbyterian Mission in Egypt conducted a school for Egyptians as EvangeliMts teachers during two weeks in August.

REV. W. fJ. McCLENAHAN, of A. A. Thompson writes: "Taking the the United Presbyterian Church, group of one hundred teachers, it after pointing out some of the diffi- would be difficult to match the culties of missionary work in Egypt, splendid spirit of earnestness, ap- which he says" is growing no easier, " preciation, and good fellowship which continues: "It is a great cause for was manifested throughout. The rejoicing that young men are coming teachers came from a wide area; forward for the evangelization of from Alexandria, Ismailia, on the their Mohammedan countrymen, and north, to Luxor, and even Khartoum, at their own charges. Two of our on the south. There were 50 schools party this year have been Egyptian represented, having a total enrollment young men that have simply poured of over 7,000 pupils. There were 43 out their lives in carrying the gospel women and 60 men teachers enrolled.

to the people. Among others that Last year the total enrollment (our give promise of great service is a cer- first attempt to conduct such a school: tain assistant-stationmaster of the was 45-seven women and 38 men.

state railways in Upper Egypt. He The daily program began with Bible and his wife. were brought to the study, which was followed by the Lord, without any special human in- presentation of school subjects. Each strumentality, and a few years ago, forenoon a period was given for the in a small town in the Delta. They discussion of some school problem.

The evenings were set aside for lec- the same time as the heathen cere- tures of general interest. One night monies were in progress, and the the life of David Livingstone was unique sight of evangelistic meetings presented by means of slides." cheek by jowl with the celebration of ancient heathen rites will long be re- A GUt from a Heathen Headman membered as the outstanding event THE story of a pile of five-franc of the year. The immediate result of bills laid on her table by her house the campaign was an addition of over steward is thus told by Mrs. Gayle C. a hundred converts to the Church, Beanland, of Yaounde, in the Camer- and a tremendous spirit of enthusiasm oon, West Africa: "His brother is among the church members them- selves. Services were held at villages an evangelist in the town of a big where the chief and people' had headman. The latter's mother was a publicly declared that they would not Christian and a member of our }Jave the Gospel preached, and the re- sult is that there is a large open door Church. She died, and when they for the preaemng of the Gospel to went to bury her, according to Bulu people who, though not more than custom, they filled the grave with cloths, headdresses, and other articles fifty miles from Kuruman, have never that the spirit might have use for in the spirit world. The evangelist was heard the good news of salvation bea boy of strong, convictions, evidently, fore. "

for when he saw what they were doing, he went to the headman and told Ivory COlUlt MlUIs Mcvement V him that that was not a custom that ARIOUS references have been made, in the religious press to a Christians should follow, and that if he had gifts to give to the dead, he remarkable mass movement toward should give them in money that could Christianity among the natives of the be used for the carrying on of God'K French Ivory Coast, begun in 1914 work, and not be buried with the by a native of Liberia named Harris.

body. The headman, who is a heathen, He baptized many thousands of so respected his dead mother, as well , people, and when he went away left as the Christian evangelist, that he English Bibll's among them, saying took all the things out of the grave, that missionaries would come later to gave his mother a Christian burial, teach them, In 1924, says Rev, W.

had hymns sung and prayers offered, J. Platt, in The Bible in the World, and theJl gave the evangelist seventy 30,000 people were found, still wait- francs that he might send to the ing. The large unread Bibles had white missionary- to be used in the beeome almost a kind of fetish among carrying on of God's work." them. Four missionaries, three Afri- can ministers, and thirty-five cate- KThe Church Meets Heathenism chists drafted from other French URUMAN, South Africa, has ,Vest African mission fields, are now been a station of the London at work organizing and enlightening Missionary Society since 1818. An the hundred and fifty churches they evangelistic campaign recently un- lead, unlocking the hidden treasure dertaken by the church there is thus which those Bibles contain. One described by A. F. Jennings: "It hundred young men are in training was decided to make a united attack as emergency catechists at Dabou on the heathen centers in the Gamo- Bible School, right in the heart of pedi area, where there had occurred the mass movement area.

a strong outbreak of heatlienism.

The effect of the Church's impact on A Last Letter from Da.n Cra.wford D heathenism was tremendous, and ATED less than a month before the death of this famous misstirred the village people to the very depths. The campaign took place at sionary, a "Bush Telegram," as he

1926l NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

called it, tells of a river trip during who are just as smart as they are, which some Christians, hailed in a dress just as well, and are chosen by passing canoe, brought some greatly their recognized leaders for places of needed food to his party. He said: responsibility such as teachers, then "It was an intense joy and a relief temptation finds its way very strongly to us, not only for the sake of the to the hearts of our boys and they actual help and food but because we think, 'What is the use of all this 'minority' Christians in the canoe had resistance? Let '8 go the easy way.' put such public faith in their word All his life the native has gone the of promise because they were Chris- way of least resistance and nothing tians, while the men with us (not short of real baptism with the Holy Christians) said with a sniff that we Ghost and fire is going to give him might as well push off at daylight and character enough to fight the good get on as far as possible before the fight of faith, lay hold on eternal life heat, as the strangers (the Chris- and be faithful to the end." tians !) no! they were not likely to come to our assistance. Yes, depend An African Church Letter upon it, this example of practical Christianity has made much more E],WRY J. REES, a representative impression on our pagan paddlers in East Africa of the American than all our preaching. In fact, all Friends Board of Foreign Missions, along this river these outsiders saw who is now on furlough, recently rethat we have had love and help only ceived from his field a letter, which, from Christians and but for the as translated, reads: Christians I don't know (I cannot think!) what we would have done. It Sir: Greet for us the Elders of the church has been a most terrible journey." together with all of the church who enabled you (missionaries) to arrive in our country "The Easy Way" for AfricaJls to take away the darkness from our eyes. Tell them we were following the road that MR. AND MRS. CONOVER, of the goes into deep darkness, but now because American Friends' Mission in of your love and your giving we have been Kitosh, Kenya Colony, write as fol- turned back to follow the path that leads to lows of the problems which their life and to God the Almighty One. We native Christians have to face: "They thank you very much. are being confronted daily with the questions of smoking, drinking and Tell them we are still as nursing children, plurality of 'wives. Just over the for we were thinking to have the whole borders from our station there are Book of God, and now we have received only other schools which allow their mem- one part through the work of Bwana ReeB; bership to practice these things and there remains still another part. We are yet remain in good standing in their wondering what we shall do! Yon our community. And not only that, but fathers, please conBider together this word. their people are aggressive in trying to destroy our standard by saying to We of the Maragoli Church, onr people: 'Weare better Christians than you are, for we have been By JOEL! LITU AND JAIllO MWOLE. baptized and you have not. (The Friends of course do not practice THE NEAR EAST baptism) Come on over to us where you can be free.' There is no mistake Hundreds Rescued from Harems about it, the idea of plurality of wives appeals to the native mind, and our MISS K: JEPPE, an English best Christian boys are only a step woman is chief of the commisabove heathenism in many of their sion sent by the League of Nations to practices. When they see other boys Syria to rescue Christian women from Moslem harems. She reports that the 5 rescue work, with headquarters at Aleppo, was begun four years ago and that so far 1,400 young women, chiefly Armenian Christians, have been saved from the harems into which they had been sold when quite young by their captors or had been stolen for domes- tic slaves. Among these girls, 228

found their parents on being liberated here, and inquiry having been made and were welcomed home. Many of into Hashim Bey's antecedents, it was the rescued girls married Armenians found that he was educated at an after obtaining their liberty. The American college in Constantinople, League has provided funds to last but is a Persian and not a Turkish until the end of 1927, and it is hoped subject. Meanwhile the Constan- that by that time the majority, if not tinople Vilayet has decided to hold all, of the harem girls will have been an inquiry into the activities of the freed. Miss J eppe has received every American Young Men's Christian As- assistance from the French author- sociation, which has been established ities, headed by General Weygand. here since the armistice. It is in- sinuated that the Association is con- Palestine under British Rule ducting propaganda with the object PALESTINE today is 'an enormous of inducing the Moslems to change triumph either for Arab docility, their faith, and the authorities state Jewish common ~ sense, or British that if this is moved the Y. 1L C. A. prestige-it is hard to tell which. will be immediately closed."

Perhaps for all three. This is the opinion of the editor of the Presby- Robert College Enrolment R terian Banner, who goes on to say: OBERT College, Constantinople, has an enrolment this year of "The situation in Palestine is just as difficult as the situation in Syria. 690, the largest in its history.

Palestine is a section of the old Ot- Twenty-two nationalities are repre- toman Empire, peopled largely by sented. Nearly half the total are ·Arabs with nationalist aspirations, Turks, and there are large contingents under British mandatory controL It of Armenians, Bulgarians, Greeks, is a hotbed of religious trouble. It Albanians and Russians. One hun- has no defensible natural frontiers. dred students have enrolled in the It has been a traditional seat of war- engineering schooL Thirty are study- fare for generations. And further, ing at the expense of the Turkish intense and bitter antagonism between Government. Among the students are Jew and Arab has naturally resulted Hairi, younger brother of Ismet from the formation in Palestine of Pasha, the son of the Russian Com- the Zionist national home for Jewish mercial Attache and sons of the peoples. Yet, despite a situation of Governor of Constantinople, and other extraordinary complexity, Palestine officials. A report from Constan- is healthy, the people are thriving, tinople College for Women states that and the country is quiet. Palestine is 400 students haye registered there.

ruled by an iron hand, so far as the British are concerned. But the only School Question in Iraq armor of that hand is prestige. " AN ENGLISH prieflt in lrosnl dis- cnsses this subject in Annals, a Turks Question Y. M. C. A. Delegate Romanist paper, and deplores the A SPECIAL cable from Constan- fact that there are no schools of that tinople to the New York Times, faith in Mesopotamia. He says: "To dated September 28th, read as fol- our shame we Catholics have to admit lows: "Hussein Hashim Bey, while that our Nestorian compatriots do not representing Turkey, made a speech send ~ one of their children to the at the recent International Young Moslem schools. Financed by Protes- Men's Christian Association Congress tant alms from England and America, at Helsingfors wherein he admitted they manage their schools themselves, being converted to Christianity, add- and jealously guard their religious ing that all young Turks would liberty. It is only our Catholic chil- shortly declare themselves Christians. dren who are given unreservedly to The speech aroused much emotion the Islamic authorities."

KEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Another aspect of the question, with past the prime of life, who were still which readers of the REVIEW are glad to call themselves Christian more familiar, is to be found in the Endeavorers. The group consisted encouraging reports which come from both of young and old, for here we Baghdad of the schools conducted have never made the distinction. The there for both boys and girls by the fact is that India has no young United lIission of the American people. It has children and married Presbyterian and Reformed Churches. folks, but there are really no young In the boys' school the number of people's societies such as we have in .Jews, Protestants and Mohammedans America. Girls are married in their is approximately equal, and many teens and young men frequently be- haye had to be turned away. come Christian workers at eighteen years of age. One result of this is Stirrings Among Moslem.. that those who have served the mis- BISHOP LINTON of Persia, a C. sion from forty to fifty years are still M. S. Missionary writes in the members of the Christian Endeavor London Diocesan Magazine: "What Society and use it as a means of means the sale of thousands of por- training the children under their tions of scripture in this land 1 Why care."

is it that when I called on a mullah he produced a Bible from under the Y. M. C. A. in Indian Villages cushion on which he was reclining1 D S. HATCH, an American Y. Why does the driver of a post wagon, • 11. C. A. man, reports from when I asked to have prayer every .Martandum, "way down in the south morning before starting, produce of rrravancore, practically at the very from his satchel a portion, of the ~tip end of India," where a rural Scriptures? Why does a sayid come demonstration center is conducted by and confess his faith to me in private two Indian secretaries: "The area and say that it is because he has hun- in which the villages around Mardreds 'of relatiyes among the Ulema tandum are situated," says Mr. that he can not confess it publicly? Hatch, "is one of the poorest in the. Why can we, with hardly any effort, state. The land is hilly, unimproved, get a thousand Moslems to come to generally not very fertile, and not hear the preaching of the Gospel on capable of rich production as are the Cheistmas Day or Good Friday 1 lower wet lands. Tilling the soil and Why do Persian men sit with tears run~ing down their faces as they climbing palmyra trees for juice to make toddy and joggery syrup are hear the story of the Cross 1" In the main occupations. Both these Isfahan, the city where a few years leave the men idle at least four ago no christian was permitted to months of the year. Our secretaries live, the Bishop recently counted 450 have given attention to about twenty men on their side of the. curtain village Y. M. C. A. 's, which have which runs down the middle of the honorary, unpaid workers. They church, and on the women's side the have organized, nurtured, and guided crowd was even greater. An over- thirty cooperative credit societies. flow service held 300 to 400 more and They have demonstrated the keeping the doors had to be closed for lack of pure-bred poultry, methods of of room. gardening, bee-keeping, boys I work INDIA, SIAM AND MALAYSIA and scouting, and the use of the drama No "Young People" in India in education. A weaving school and two night schools, one English and AMISSIONARY in Madura, South one Tamil, are conducted. A library India, in describing a Christian is maintained. Two cooperative bee- Endeavor rally, says: "One interest- keepers' associations have been ing group was composed of men well formed. The various cooperative

societies have settled many disputes sufficient when we came up against by arbitration." human nature that sometimes had no desire to improve and even !,ose up in Wo:men Legislators Proposed opposition. "

I T IS reported that the Bombay and Non-Christian Wo:men Students Madras Legislative Councils will shortly consider and probably accept I SABELLA THOBURN College in resolutions in favor of removing the Lucknow, India, has this year 155 disqualification of women to become students, the largest in its history members of these Councils. Recent since the separation of the college orders of the Government of India from the school at Lal Bagh. One permit the removal of the disqualifica- feature that arrests attention is the tion in any province where the change very rapid growth of the body of is sanctioned by the Legislative Coun- Hindu and Mohammedan students. cils. "India," says The Indian Wit- There are now forty of these nonness, "has already produced a number Christian students, "yet we are not of women members of municipal sure" says The Indian Witness, "that boa]'ds also a few women magistrates 'non-Christian' can fairly be applied and lawyers. There are in the country to all of them for some have been many women who could render dis- mightily influenced by Christ and He tinguished service as legislative coun- has become a very potent factor in cillors. We hope that the voters of their thought and spIritual life. A Madras and Bombay Presidencies few years ago there were only three will soon be given and will quickly or four Hindu and Mohammedan students. The forty of this year afaccept tae opportunity to show the ford evidence of a remarkable change taking place in the attitude of world that Indian women when freed educated members of these communifrom the accursed purdah system are ties toward the rights and privileges as capable of rendering public service of the young women in their homes." in legislative halls as are the women of any other country."

A BrahDlin Teacher's Need Mosle:ms in an Indian Hospital ABRAHMIN graduate recently AT DERA ISMAIL KHAN, in the came to a village in Coimbatore Punjab, India, on the borders of district, South India, as magistrate, ·Waziristan, a mission hospital is to take up the office of his grand- maintained by the Church Missionary father in fulfilment of a vow to dedi- Society, and though the smallest hoscate his life to the uplift of the village pital on the northwest frontier, it exof his ancestors. An English Con- erts an influence over a wide area, gregational missionary says of him: affecting considerably the great closed "Highly educated and a former land of Waziristan. The nurse writes teacher in Dr. Rabindranath Tagore's of a recent incident: "One day an school, an intense admirer of Sadhu Afridi asked me this question: 'Why Sundar Singh, he told me that with does the doctor cure that man's blindthe torch of truth and the power of ness when he knows he is a robberT' education he was going to change the I looked around the ward; in it was whole village. He was earnest in his truly a mixed company. Here a desire and hard-working in his Mahsud (probably a brigand), there English classes, his vernacular lec- a fakir, not far away· a mullah (he tures, and hymn-singing processions had seven disciples with him), besides round the village. He was evidently men of the ordinary peasant class, self-confident, t,oo. I did not want and as my interrogator said, 'all behim to become disappointed too soon, ing treated as one.' It was an opporso reminded him that intellectual tunity quickly grasped to point out truth and education alone were not how our Lord and Master came to save

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

all. That mullah's son has a school Government encourages liberated in Waziristan, and has taken back slaves to remain in their own districts with him a complete Bible in his own and to undertake service on a basis language. ' , of free contract.

"Sadni-ji" in the Hospital CHINA DR. ELIZABETH G. LEWIS, the A Buddhist Priest's Confession surgeon in charge of the Presby- A LETTER from Rev. Alex. Saunterian Hospital at Ambala, in the Yangdcehros~, C. 1. M. missionary in Punjab, India, gives this vivid picture Kiangsu Province, tells of an Indian evangelist: "A sadni is a woman who gives up all home at- how those present at a certain regular tachments and becomes a wandering religious mendicant. Our Sadni-ji is service for believers" were thrown ina Christian and her face proves it, so to much wonderment when, at the bright and full of smiles. Health too is there and the vigor of a strong time for voluntary prayer, a man clad woman of fifty. In her hand is a kadli whose gay rhythmic jingle ac- in the garb of a Buddhist priest rose, and, from a heart unmistakably sincompanies her singing. She appeared cere, poured forth a prayer such as just as we were about to begin morn-. ing prayers and at once took charge, might have come from the pulpit instanding in the midst of the patients stead of the pew; but the climax was who were seated about her on the floor. '0, my dear sisters,' she said. reached when the evangelist came , Jesus does not want your money or your bangles or your fine saris. He forward and asked me to change the wants your hearts.' …. Later Sadni- closing hymn for one chosen by the ji went from bed to bed, talking and singing as she went." priest as his own public testimony.

The hymn selected was 'Just as I am, without one plea.' He was a priest of no mean ability according to the heathen standard, and had brought to the temple no small gain by acting as a medium, but he had already told the head of the temple of his renuncia- Slavery in Burma Stin tion of every false way and of his intention to abandon priest-life, and T HE press reports, on which was based the announcement in the that day he had decided to take the May REVIEW of the liberation by the great step."

British Government of about 4,000 OpiUDl Survey of China slaves in the Hukawng Valley in T HE International .Anti-Opium As- Burma, gave the impression that sociation has headquarters in slavery had thus been completely Peking, and Dr. W. H. G. .Aspland is eradicated from that portion of the its General Secretary. He has recent- British Empire. The London Chris- ly completed the annual opium surtian now announces a similar expedi- vey of China for the League of tion to the region between two rivers, Nations and the China Year Book. which unite to form the river Ir- Opium is now grown to the neglect of rawaddy.' This territory, though not cereals. The smoking habit is almost so extensive as the Hukawng Valley, as widespread as in 1907. is more densely populated, and the number of slaves to' be liberated will Coeducation in West China be greater. The Triangle (as the area is named locally) has also for many M ISS ALICE B. BRETHORST, a years been the refuge of absconding Methodist missionary, writes of criminals from British territory, and the first girl students in the West the opportunity may be taken to China Union University in Chengtu, bring a number of them to justice for Szechwan Province, a union institu- offences committed in the past. The tion supported by Canadian Method-

ists, Anglieans and Friends from icans. It has two branches operating England, Baptists and Methodists in rented quarters, one of which, it from the United States. She savs: is hoped, will soon have a modern "On September 8, 1924, eight flne home. It owns an athletic field of young women, registered on the same fonr acres at the edge of the city. terms as the men students, became the The attendance at Bible classes first class of women ever to be ad- reached 37,065 for the year. mitted to a school of higher learning in all of West China with its popula- Burning the Kitchen God tion of 75,000,000 people. Custom required that these girls be chaper- MISS Gillard, of Shaoking, Chekioned wherever they went-to their ang Province, tells the followclasses, to the laboratory, to the li- ing story in the Church Missionary brary, when they went for walks or Gleaner: "One woman said that she attended the religious services at the wanted an inquirer's card and she chapel. They are all fine Christian took down her kitchen god, which was girls and though their liberties had to pasted on the brickwork of her stove, be very much restricted they helped as a preliminary. Alas, before the their dean in every way to make the day for receiving the card came, her first year of coeducation a success. husband missed the god and insisted Five of th~m are preparing to be high on its being put back, and she, cowerschool teachers, two hope to go into ing beneath his wrath, ordered her social service work and one is taking little girl to take it from a drawer the pre-medical course." where she had placed it instead of burning it outright, and give it to her Y. M. c. A. Branches in Shanghai .father. The kitchen god went up again, and the inquirer's card was I N ADDITION to the twelve stu- withheld from the woman until this dent Associations in various edu- obstacle could be removed from the cational institutions in the City of home. This was the cause of special Shanghai, the Y. M. C. A. has a Navy prayer being made for that housebranch with a $350,000 building; a hold, prayer which is being answered.. branch for other Americans, British A few Sundays ago the husband, who and Europeans, which now has in forme,rly had been very bigoted, carhand the funds for a building, the ried their one-year-old baby boy to foundations for which are now being church twice for his wife, and himself laid; a Japanese branch with 500 attended the services. The woman members; and a Chinese Association. has again taken down the paper god, The laflt-named has just completed and burned it this time, and says that twenty-six years' service to the young come what may she will never put one men of this community. It has in its up again." central building a membership of 3,000, representing all provinces and Heathen Give to Church all religions, but directed by the 500 who are members of Christian REV. EDWARD H. SMITH, of the churches, operating through a board American Board, writes in the of directors of fifteen Chinese busi- Missionary Hemld of a little Chinese ness men and a large number of com- village which has subscribed $800 for mitte'lmen and other volunteer work- a Christian school and community ers. Its program for the community center in connection with the new centers in a men's and a boys' build- chapel built four years ago, and coning (:entral1y located but not mod- tinues: "Six years ago the Chrisern. It has a budget equal to U. S. tians subscribed liberally and were $80,000 . per year, all secured in able to raise about three hundred dol- Shanghai in fees and contributions. lars for their new chapel. Today the Its secretarial staff now numbers Church has come to a place where it twenty-three Chinese and two Amer- can call on the heathen community

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

for support and be heard. The faith- tainly was the happiest Sunday we ful upright living of an educated have spent in China. The Lord grant ministry fast coming into leadership that many more like it be reserved in the life of the community; the suf- for the future."

ferings of the people in these years of civil war and the oppression and Sehool Needs in Mukden cruelty practiced even by their own MISSIONARIES in Manchuria, as neighbors and relatives make the in China proper, realize, with Church to stand out as unique, the the development of goverl1ment minister of mercy, compassion, and schools along modern lines, that, if loving service. The leadership of the the Christian Church is to hold her Church in education; the outstand- youth, she must have schools that give ing work of the Christian community an adequate education, and further, in social service and moral reform that a sound Christian education under the leadership of the Y. M. C. scheme will attract the children of A.; these and their surrounding con- non-Christian parents, and thus ditions have given the Church in prove, as in the past, a valuable evan- China today her commanding posi- gelistic instrument. The Mission tion. We who have labored to bring Council and the Chinese Church are some of these things to pass against alive to the situation. A Christian discouraging conditions know how to Education Board has been established rejoice and thank God for them. to care for the Christian educational China has not been altogether won needs of Manchuria. Provision is beyet, but there have been victories ing made for primary imd middle enough to cheer and gladden the most scheols and for college education. hardened pessimist." But in Mukden, the center of the edu- cational work, there is no proper First Converts in One Mission school for boys. At present a school T HE Christian Reformed Church is being carried on in some Chinese sent its first missionaries to China buildings adjoining the Chinese in 1920. Rev. H. A. Dy_kstra wrote church. These are entirely inadeas follows from Jukao last November: quate and, in any case, are needed "The great event of the past two by the church for' its own activities. months has been the baptism of our The lack of an adequate scho'ol is very three first converts. These men had seriously hampering the work of the been receiving instruction for the past missionaries, and impairing their inyear or longer. Most of this instruct- fluence, they feel. The eagerness of ing was done by our Chinese helpers the Chinese for such a building is at the beginning and later by Rev. shown by the fact that they have al- De Korne and myself. A committee ready subscribed nearly $3,000 gold.

of the Mission examined these men and was gratifled with their knowl- Two Aspeets of Islam in China. T edge of God's Word and their confes- HAT the Moslems of China "are sion of faith in Christ as their Sav- participating in the renaissance iour. They were baptized by us on that is taking place in the whole last Sunday morning. How grateful Islamic world" is the opinion of a we are for these firstfruits of the Mohammedan editor in South Africa, mission work of our church in China. who goes on to say: "Quite recently But not only the morning service wa~ two Chinese magazines have been an occasion for joy. ~n the afternoon started, one at Tientsin and the other we gathered together as believers in at Shanghai. The magazine published our Lord about His table. In all at Tientsin is entitled Bright Virtue.

there were about thirty-three com- It is a progressive monthly, and con- municants. Dr. L. S. Huizenga ad- tains articles on different social sub- ministered the sacrament. That cer- jects. The trend of these articles

shows that the periodical stands for a Association of Central Japan, Toraji -correct and liberal interpretation of Makino summarizes some significant the teachings of Islam; and cham- facts about the city of Osaka. He pions the sacred cause of the propaga- says: "The biggest commercial center ti(m of our faith." in Japan, with a population of 2,- Another side of the picture is 100,000, has no university except one presented in reports from the work medical college and a private school.

of the China Inland :Mission in the And yet the city is noted for its first- Moslem province of Kansu, referred class theater, opera and popular arts.

to in the September REVIEW. Rev. F. Many amusement centers and popular D. Learner of Sining writes of the resorts for pleasure seekers abound.

recent death of a saintly Christian, The total number of prostitutes ex:- who was converted from Islam nine ceeds that of the girls in school. The years ago. number of poor ~oung girls who are engaged in this shameful business is JAPAN-KOREA so numerous here that the proportion Japa:a.ese Exclusion a Live Issue of them to the general workingwomen T HE Japanese mission council of is about one to six. With more than the :Methodist Episcopal Church, 500,000 factory employees, two thirds at its annual meeting, held July 30th, passed a significant resolution on the of whom are women, and with nearly immigration question, a portion of 25,000 prostitutes, the citizens of which reads: "Resentment in Japan Osaka are facing the most difficult problem of urban life."

following the enactment of the socalled Japanese clause of the Johnson Buddhist Sunday-Schools immigration act is not diminishing. T HESE schools, which, in their ef- Missionaries in Japan are not agitat- fort to undermine the work of ing to keep alive among the Japanese missionaries, take over many· of their grief and indignation which they have been feeling. On the contrary, methods, have been referred to often because of the Christian missionary's in the Review, though no statistics deep sympathy with the Japanese in have been given to show the extent their offended pride and disillusion- of the movement. A recent survey, ment as to America's sense of inter- quoted in the Record of Christwn national and interracial justice, we Work, shows that the Buddhists have have been able somewhat to assuage 4,175 Sunday-schools, as against 1,891 indignation with the assurance that whatever of unfairness has entered Christian Sunday-schools. The Bud: into American legislation will surely be dhists have 12,754 teachers, and 575,- rectified in time when the situation and the implication of these laws are 691 pupils, while the Christians have more thoroughly understood…… . 7,493 teachers, and only 132,080 Some remedy for this un-American and un-Christian attitude should be Christian pupils. The Buddhist Sunsought. The fundamental reform day-schools have little difficulty in needed is such amendment of our securing the cooperation and symnaturalization law as will open pathyof municipal officers and public American citizenship, under the safe- school teachers. There is an unlimited guard of high qualifications, without supply of priests and day school national or racial discrimination." teachers as candidates for the teach- ing staff. That is not surprising when one realizes that there are as many Buddhist priests in Japan as there are Christian members of all the Prot- Some of Osaka's Problems estant churches added together.

Christian workers in Japan find, how- I N A paper entitled "The Industrial ever, the old uncultured priests can- Workers of Osaka and the Gospel" not teach the keen and alert child of which was read before the Missionary this modern nation.

NKWS FR01f MANY LANDS

Wife of Priest Reads Bible representation elected by Presbytery THE story of how the Bible got and the Mission Council, and have into the home of the chief priest full administrative and financial in Nikko, the famous temple city of powers. Our Council has taken the Japan, is vouched for by the Ameri- step of placing evangelistic funds can Bible Society and quoted in the under the control of Presbytery. "

Japan Evangelist. The wife of the chief priest was sick, and the doctor Earnest Korean Islanders recommended treatment by a certain THE Presbyterian Church of Korea expert masseur. This man, Mr. Ta- conducts an interesting missionary naami, carries Bibles wherever he enterprise on Cheiju, a rock-bound, goes and is known as "the Jesus volcanic island off the southern coast man. " The doctor had told Tanaami of Korea. The people are very prothat he should not tell the woman gressive, and numbers of their young that he was a Christian, but as soon people go to school in Korea and as Tanaami carne into her room he Japan. The commercial activities of told her of his Christian faith and the island are chiefly in the hands of asked her permission to pray to God the women. Mrs. Knox, of the Southbefore giving his treatment. "I al- ern Presbyterian Church, says of ways pray before I undertake any- them: "As a result of the strenuous thing." 'V.hile giving his treatment life which they lead the women have he told her his experience and of developed virile minds. and Amazonian what God said in His Word. This physiques and are peculiarly fitted aroused her interest and she won- for leadership. This they exercise dered how she might obtain the book with excellent results in the churches. he had mentioned. Both this woman They practically finance the work and and her son became ardent lovers of serve as teachers and even church ofthe Bible and although they still do ficers. Home Missions of the Korean not dare to confess that they believe Assembly includes work among the in Christ, owing to the position the Koreans in Peking, Nanking, Shanghead of the family holds in the town, hai, Manchuria, Siberia, Osaka, and they are quietly recommending and '£01l:yo and at a meeting which I atpushing the Bible into the homes of tended the Cheiju women listened the many priests who are connected eagerly to the program which gave with the famous shrines in Nikko. a short sketch of the situation in each Devolution in Korean Missions of these places."

I N AN interesting article in The ISLANDS OF THE SEA Korea. Mission Field S. J. Proctor, of the United Church of Canada, "Flying Doctors" in Australia states that, in the opinion of a majority of the members of that mis- I N AN area covering approximately sion, "the time has come when we 2,000,000 square miles, the Ausshould seriously consider having the tralian Island Mission seeks to care for whole of our mission work, including the spiritual and medical needs of the finances, handled by a joint committee scattered population. The Record of of the Korean Presbyteries and the Christian Work reports that much mission, with equal representation. success has attended its efforts dur- Our men 's evangelistic work has all ing the fourteen years of its existence. but been so handed over; and the Ten nursing homes have been eswomen's work in large part. In tablished, each presided over by two educational matters we are further fully qualified nurses. While these advanced. ~~ll our mission schools women are primarily concerned with are now in-the hands of school boards. the medical care of settlers, who are These boards are composed of equal sometimes 500 miles or more distant from the nearest doctor or other

settlement, they also carryon social population in the Fiji Islands." The and religious work, and give special first coolies from India were brought attention to the spiritual instruction to Fiji in 1879, under a system of of the young people. One of the latest indentured labor which was abolished enterprises of the mission is a "Flying in 1920. They now number about 65,- Doctor" scheme. That means that the 000, and increased fifty pel' cent in aeroplane has been pressed into serv- the last recorded decade. "It will ice, and much more good is now being also require justice," says Mr. Mcaccomplished through the rapidity of Millan, "to safeguard against all transport. Wireless has also been in- foreign exploitation the future of the stalled with the special view of re- 84,000 ease-loving Fijian natives, ligious instruction being given to who are subject to the pressure of a those who are far off from any center. growing Indian community and a rapidly increasing number of Chinese The Gospel for the Tirurai immigrants. The changing situation will also call for adjustments which T HE Tirurai people, numbering will secure for the Indians themselves about 17,000, live on Mindanao a place in the Colony commensurate Island in the Philippines. Although with their importance as indispensurrounded by Moros they are not sable producers, at the same time Mohammedans, but pagans or ani- recognizing their aspirations as pro- gressive, intelligent and loyal memmists, living in fear of the Moros, to bers of a commonwealth… The Indian is normally one of the most religiously whom, before the American occupa- inclined men in the world. The new tion, they were obliged to. pay tribute, generation in Fiji are fast becoming and under whom they lived in about devotees at the shrine of Mammon. the same position as serfs. For the For bim to lose his desire to worship past three years, the rector of Trinity and become a victim of modern Mission in Zamboanga has made materialism will be a great and monthly trips to three of the most inestimable loss." important villages of the Tirurai, giving each place about two hours' NORTH AMERICA instruction weekly in the schools. An account was given in the February Moslems in the United States Review of two Tirurai young women who are now being train('d in Zam- T HE total number of converts from boanga, one as a teacher, and an- Christianity to Islam in the United other as a nurse, for service among States is well over one thousand, actheir own people. The country of the cording to Prof. Maulvi Mohammed Tirurai is situated in the very heart Din, in charge of the mission of the of what is likely to become the best Ahmadiya movement in this country, rubber-producing section of Mind- with headquarters in Chicago. He is anao. It has recently been visited by quoted in The Missio1U1ry Voice as representatives of some of the larg~ follows: "When our prophet, Mirza corporations interested in rubber Ghulam Ahmad, founder of the Ahproducts in the TTnited States. This madiya movement in India during fact gives added importance to the the latter part of the past century missionary work now being carried on. came to this country, he comported himself as the true believer should. Indian Problem in Fiji Detained on his arrival by immigra- tion officials, because, he says, 'I was I N THE opinion of A. W. McMillan, a missionary of the Moslem faith,' he writing in The 8ttldent Wm'Zd, preached quietly and engaged in his "It is doubtful whether there is any personal devotions before others problem of statesmanship in the South whose entrance was also being de- Pacific calling for more expert, tact- bated, until there was a total of nineful and wise treatment than that determining the future of the Indian

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

teen converts in seven weeks' time." eign missions, the problem of the Investigations by Dr. Zwemer have indigenous church; (5) from home revealed Moslem groups in Mil- missions, the problem of the rural waukee, Chicago, Pittsburgh, Cleve- church; and (6) from the field of land, Akron, New York City, religious and missionary education, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Boston, the problem of young people in the Worcester, Sioux City,' Fargo, and local church. In preparation for this other smaller towns. convention, study and discussion groups have met for about two months Presbyterian Bodies Confer in twelve colleges and cities. Repre- sentatives of these groups will bring T HE first joint meeting of the com- their findings as a basis for further mittees on closer relations between discussion. the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. (South), and the United Presbyterian American Board Avoids Deficit Church was held, September 15th, in Cincinnati. These committees were RECEIPTS of the American Board appointed by their respective General of Commissioners for Foreign Assemblies last May. Some of the Missions aggregated $2,152,765 durconclusions reached are stated by ing the fiscal year ended Aug. 31, The United Presbyterian to have 1926. Expenditures were $2,152,272. been: "Never before has the relation The report points out that even the between the two churches been more small credit balance was "very gratiripe for negotiations. No doctrinal fying in view of the estimate made at unrest disturbs either communion, the beginning of the year." At that and, so far as our first conference is time it seemed that in order to close concerned, we found no doctrinal dif- the year without a greater deficit it ference that keeps us apart. Some would be necessary for churches and differences exist in machinery and individuals to giye an additional $85,- method; not in fundamentals of ec- 000. Legacies exceeded the yearly clesiastical polity, but in the details average by more than $80,000 and of organization and administration. added gifts prevented a deficit. The Whether the obstacles are insur- Board's debt, which was about $242,- mountable, whether they are sufficient 000 in 1920, now is $213,242. to justify the continued separate existence of the two denominations, Race Relations Study Courses remains to be seen." T HOMAS L. DABNEY, writing in Disciples' Youth Convention The Southern 'Workman, the magazine published by Hampton In- PARALLEl. with the convention of stitute, says: "Twenty years ago no the Disciples of Christ in Mem- one thought that today over twentyphis, Tenn., November 11th to 14th, five Southern white colleges would there is to be held what is called "a have courses in race relations. This youth convention," at which 1,000 is an astonishing achievement when delegates ilre expected to be present. one considers the fact that the South The topics for discussion have lieen has always claimed a sufficient knowlchosen as follows from six fields of edge of the Negro and the race quesactivity: (1) From the field of Chris- tion to preclude the necessity of any tian unity, a discussion of the special study of the problem." The practical basis for Christian union; universities of North Carolina, (2) from that of temperance and Florida and Missouri and Southsocial welfare, the problem of law en- western College in Texas are instituforcement; (3) from that of aca- tions where these courses., promoted demic education, the problem of the by the Commission on Interracial place of the church college in the life Cooperation, have been especially of the denomination; (4) from for- successful. Sixteen weeks is the time

usually devoted to one course. A which operates the station. Two comtest taken by one class included the plete courses, giving certificates of following questions: credit if the final examinations are passed, were begun in September. Do you think lynching is ever justified' Dr. James M. Gray, president of the . Do you favor the Dyer Bill against lynch- Institute, gives a half-hour lecture on lng' the subject "Mountain Peaks of Prophecy, " which is broadcast every If not, what remedy would you propose' Tuesday evening at 8: 30 o'clock. What do you plan to do after leaving The Rev. John C. Page of the Insticollege to promote goodwill and peace be- tute staff is lecturer in a course on tween the raees ~ Bible doctrine broadcast at the same What is your idea of justice for the hour Wednesday evenings. There are Negro' fifteen lessons in each of the two courses announced now, and after TResults of Jeanes Fund Work Jan. 1st courses in other subjects are HE annual meeting of the Jeanes promised. All broadcasting of WMBI industrial supervisors of Virginia is on a wave length of 288.3 meters. was the occasion of the following In announcing the plans for radio comment by the Smtthern Workman instruction, A. F. Gaylord, business on the 300 supervisors maintained by manager of the Institute, said: the Jeanes Fund throughout the southern states: "With rare under- Since 19M, the Institute has conducted standing, patience, _ and devotion a correspondence school in whieh 35,000 these supervisors have done pioneel' students, Hving in all parts of the world, work in improving colored schools. have enrolled. But we helieve the radio By organizing whole communities in- offers still greater opportunity for religious to enthusiastic school-improvement education. leagues, by introducing into the ;:c~ools practical handwork, by length- Chinese Give Infirmary enlllg terms, and by securing better teachers, they revived the interest of CHINESE Americans have raised the colored people in their poorly among themselves $12,000 to build supported, neglected schools and won an infirmary for the Ming Quong for them the attention and increased Presbyterian Home for Chinese girls financial assistance of school officials at Oakland, California. Last year and of local white people. They, when the new Ming Quong Home was more than any others, set going thc built by the Presbyterian Board of movement which has resulted in National Missions, Chinese Christians thousands of new, model school- on the coast in gratitude determined houses for Negro children and all that they would themselves build the the other material progress which now required infirmary. They planned a so signally characterizes public edu- country-wide campaign under the cation for Negroes in the South. And direction of five Chinese counselors having secured the sorely needed (one of whom was Dr. Ng Poon Chew, physical improvements in Negro lecturer and editor of the largest schools in many localities, these re- Chinese daily paper in the United sourceful supervisors, especially in States), and sent out two Chinese North CarolIna and Maryland, are young. women, both daughters of the more and more turning their atten- mission, as money raisers. In every tion to the work of the classrooms." city friends of the Home, husbands- perhaps grateful for what the Chinese Bible Courses "On the Air" mission had done in past years for their wives-former pupils and busi- T HE first regular educational ness men helped, with the campaign. courses of a religious nature con- The president of one tong contributed ducted by radio are being broadcast to the infirmary fund.- W(;'Inen and from the Chicago station WMBI, ac- Missions. cording to an announcement made by officials of the Moody Bible Institute,

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

GENERAL 169.86. Australia, 41; Hawaiian 61; Ja- pan, abandoned; New Zealand,' 45; Sa- Missions and Governments moan, 44; Tahitian, 11; Tongan, 19_ To- tal in Island Mission, elders 220; members, ASURVE>Y of foreign missions by 26,780; property, $518,S83.S0. Total num- the Bishop of Salisbury, pub- ber of elders in these foreign fields from lished in the London Times has awak- Utah Mormonism. 779; total members, 53,- ened much interest. He calls atten- 051. Add to these the figures of J osephite tion to the quickening of the moral Mormonism. which we do not have accursense of Christendom towards the ately at hand, and the number of elders will backward races. The mandatory probably be considerably over 900 men and clauses of the League of Nations Cov- women working to spread Mormonism in enant are symptoms of this change, foreign lands. which is mainly due to the development of a world situation in which For the Blind of the World the value, indeed, the necessity, of the spiritual forces of life has been T HE Mission to the Blind in thrown into striking and peremptory Heathen and Bible Lands, which relief. The Bishop summarizes the was started in 1918 by one who is astounding advance revealed by the blind, paralyzed and too helpless to numerical statistics of Christian mis- move, now has supporters in all sions. He pays tribute to the very English-speaking countries and an noble contribution made by America, annual income of about $5,500. The by its width of outlook and its strong Mission contributes to the support of financial support, to the spiritual de- both teachers and pupils in schools velopment of the people in British for the blind in many missionnelds, territory. AJso the scope of mission- and also makes possible the work deary work has changed, the missionary scribed as follows: "Portions of now concerning himself with the Scripture are now being transcribed promotion of human well-being in into Braille by hand, by members of every department of life. This has our staff, for the blind in Fiji, Sololed to new and improved relations be- mon Islands and elsewhere. In Egypt tween the missionary and the secular our blind evangelist, who has a small authorities. class of blind boys, employs them to transcribe portions of Scripture into MOrDlonism in Foreign Lands Braille by hand for the use of blind people who are being taught. In MOST people think of Mormonism China a quarterly Braille magazine is as confined to America. But it stereotyped by blind boys in the Pehas now spread into nearly very land king School for the Blind, and circuwhich has the Bible, including Chris- lated free of charge." tian foreign mission fields like the islands of the Pacific, where those who Growth of Christianity by centuries. have been converted from heathenism to Christianity are perverted back Close of first century ……. . 500,000 again to another false system, which Close of second century …. . 2,000,000 is little better than their first. Mor- Close of third century …… . 5,000,000 monism has started two new foreign Close of fourth century …… . 10,000,000 fields during the past year, in France Close of fifth century _…… . 15,000,000 and Argentina, in the latter of which Close of sixth century ….. . 20,000,000 reports of considerable progress are Close of seventh century ….. . 25,000,000 made. Its fields outside of North Close of eighth century ….. . 30,000,000 America are as follows, with the :num- Close of ninth century …… . 40,000,000 ber of elders reported in April, 1925: Close of tenth century ….. . 50,000,000 Close of eleventh century . _.. 70,000,000 Armenian, 2; British, 151; Danish, 25; Close of twelfth century ….. 80,000,000 French, SO; Netherlands, 61; Norwegian, Close of thirteenth century •.. 85,000,000 17 ; S. African, 18; Swiss and German. Close of fourteenth century .. . 90,000,000 226; Swedish, SO); total elders, 559; total Close of fifteenth century … . 100,000,000 members, 26,S71; total property, $368,- Close of sixteenth century .. . 125,00(),000 Close of seventeenth century .. 155,000,000 Close of eighteenth century .. 200,000,000 Close of nineteenth century .. 400,000,000 Close of 1925 ………….. . 500,000,000

books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-

THE REVIEW.

An Outline History of China, with a Thor- rights in the winter of A. D. ough Acoount of the Republican Era Interpreted in Its Historical Perspective. 1925-26. "

Herbert H. Gowen and Josef Washington This history is also provided with Hall. Map, xxix, 542 pp. $4.00. 1926. many references to enable readers ~o New York. verify statements or to extend theIr Though Professor Gowen, of the reading. The Bibliography is valu- University of Washington, issued a able and reasonably full, while its two-volume "Outline History of brief annotations are usually just and China" in 1913, the present one- always illuminating. In a word,. th~s volume edition, bearing the same title, is the most readable, concrete, JUdIis no mere enlargement of the former cious, comprehensive and up-to-date work. Prof. Gowen has entirely re- history of this great nation known to written his section, bringing down the reviewer. We commend it to the Chinese history to the b~ginning of reading public, as the history of a the Republic. His collaborator, Mr. great nation with an age-long history Hall, who was himself on the ground, and an ancient civil and literary cuI. adds nearly two hundred pages of ture. recent history, that of the Republic since its establishment in 1912. This Dr. Gowen gives the following rea· is a very valuable summary of what is not so satisfactorily done in out- son for reading this history: "Any line by other writers. Chinese schoolboy can tell you some- While the volume does not have behind it the wide reading and scholar- thing of Socrates, Christ, Shake· ship of Professor Latourette's "Development of China," this lack is speare, Luther, the British Empire, compensated for by its concreteness Napoleon, Washington, Lincoln, our and" anecdotal" style, which give it a vividness and interest, looked for Civil War, Ro('sevelt, Wilson. How in vain in the generalizations and emphasis on great trends of the times many of the educated among us can found in other less readable volumes. The authors of this book have measur- tell anything of the 4,OOO-year-old ably succeeded· in doing what they aimed to accomplish: "to write all. Book of History, Confucius, Taoism, interpretive story of the Chinese people based upon both scholarly re- Chin the Empire-Builder, the rise of search and intimate personal toucha popularly told narrative of the 'Im- Korea, the culturization of Japan, Li ,mortal Nation' from the beginnings Po the Divine Poet, Tang the Brilli- ant, the rise and fall of the Mongol Khans who nearly conquered Europe in addithm to Asia, the coming of Russia into Asian affairs, the Manchu Empress Dowager, the Chinese Re- publican Revolution, the student up- rising, Chinese guild organization, the China riots of 1925, or the Chris- tian General1 H. P. B.

of the world's most unique culture in Chinese Culture and Christianity. James the cave villages of the upper Yellow Livingstone Stewart. 316 pages. $2.50. River five thousand years before New York. 1926.

Christ to the assembling of the con- "The Laughing Buddha" is a novel vention to restore China '8 national which incidentally gives some inter- 910

926] THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY

e~ting side-lights on China '8 reli- descriptions; in the Chinese viewglOns. Here the same author treats point of religions as contrasted with more specifically of the underlying a foreigner's view; and in leaving principles, the outward manifesta- the reader with the impression that tions of Animism, Ancestor Worship, Chinese religious culture and even Taoism, Confucianism, Buddhism, Chinese superstitions deserve further Mohammedanism. He describes their study, rather than to be summarily effect on Chinese society and the in- rejected as samples of a degraded fluence of recent culture contacts "heathenism. " upon all Chinese religions. Chinese culture, especially on its religious The concrete descriptions of Chiside, is well set forth; Christianity is nese religious views and practices not at all emphasized, though it is not can be especially commended to firstwholly ignored. As the subtitle indi- year missionaries in China. Yet one cates, it is a review of China '8 religious systems from the Christian would criticize an "old China hand" viewpoint. Had Professor Stewart and a university professor for emcompare(1 Chinese and Christian con- ploying in his Chinese proper names ceptions of culture and religions, his contribution to our comparative a romanization that is confined to a knowledge of these factors would limited section of the Mandarin, with have .been more distinctive, whereas its peculiarities. Why not use some the volume as it now stands does little more than mass and classify the widely known system that would not writings of Da Bose, Soothill and O'Neil, adding some of the less com- be provincial, and so serve a larger monlv known facts of books like Dore~s and the six-volume magnum constituency of young missionaries opus of De Groot. and aid in making still more general The most interesting chapters are perhaps those in which China's prim- a romanization that is used in all the itive psychology, philosophical presuppositions, phy"sics, physiology and best dictionaries and by the best feng-shui are concretely pictured and explained. Ancestor worship would writers {Jn China? H. P. B. be far better known bv Chinese missionaries if they could read chapter Heart of Black Papua. Merlin Moore IV, and those who have not seen Taylor. IIlus. S va. 266 pp. $3.00. New Beal's "Catena of Chinese Bud- York. 1926. dhism" or Du Bose's "Dragon, Image and Demon" will fipd chapter The lure of the jungle! How III a good summary of Chinese con- strong it must be to make white men ceptions of heavens, hells and the trek through it, day after day under hereafter. Taoist deities and demons the suffocating heat, when even the are very inadequately pictured in slightest clothing is a burden; through chapter VIII. The final chapter, the daily torrential showers which "Recent Culture Contacts," might soak to the skin; enduring the cold well be published separately as an nights when neither blankets or camparticle to enable a wide reading pub- fires bring warmth; suffering from lic interested in China's renaissance leeches that get under the thickest -to understand its leading features. foot and suck the traveler's blood; weakened by fevers which come Professor Stewart's differentiation fiercely and suddenly; braving the from other writers of similar volumes greatest danger of all-the native lies in his citation of religious facts who is "hungry for man." less commonly known; in his vivid The author gives a vivid picture of the heart of Papua, by pen and camera, describing the expedition of three white men across the mountain ranges of the interior. They saw the natives in their villages, learned the power of "magic," came to know of the unwritten law of "pay back" by which a man's death by violence must be requited and which causes never.

ending feuds resulting often in the A Year's Program for Young People. wiping out of whole villages. Then Harry Thomas Stock. Pamphlet. 25 there are the strange burial customs, cents. The Pilgrim Press. Boston. 1926. and the wearing of the feather headdress as a sign that a youth has at- Practical plans are here present.ed tained manhood and has killed a man. for activities and projects for young Many times these travelers were people, with suggestions for organizasaved from death by their quickness tion, expression, worship and disof wit and because of the innate fear cussion month by month. The objects the Blacks have for the white man's include church and neighhorhood skin and the white man's gun. work, missions, Christian character and habits, education and leadership. Many adventures are told with dramatic power, including an ex- Education for Peace, a Book of Facts and perience in the cannibals' camp, near- Opinions. Issued by the Committee of ness to death from thirst and escape Reference and Counsel, Foreigu Missions from the enemy by use of the camera- Conference. New York. 1926. man's :flashlight powder. A thread of mystery runs through the narrative Quotations from educators, authors, and gives a suggestion of plot. editors, statesmen, and conferences; statistics on the cost of war and There is interesting information resolutions by various bodies give a concerning the government supervi- wealth of facts and opinions for sion of the natives but no mention is educating the Church, the youth and made of the work of the missionaries the nation in the evils of war, its in Papua. The habits and character- prevention and the promotion of istics of the natives who are under peace. Pastors, teachers and others the sway of fear and superstition, should obtain and digest a copy of thirsty for human blood, "tricky, this pamphlet. clever and resourceful" show clearly their great need for Christ and His The Laymen's Missionary Movement of the Gospel of life, love and release from United States and Canada. A Pamphlet. the powers of darkness. J. H. R. Prepared by Lt. Col. E. W. Halford. PUi)lished by the Executiye Committee. The Quest for God in China. By F. W. G. New York. 1926. O'Neill. 8 va. 272 pp. $2.50. New York. 192.6. This brief history, published twenty years after this remarkable and truly China is to the fore in the public effective movement was founded, is mind. Religion is a great factor in more a characterization and estimate determining China's future. Mr. of achievement than a history, but it gives important facts that should not o 'Neill, an Irish Presbyterian mis- be forgotten. A great body of noble men were associated with it and their sionary who has been in China for prayers and works made it a great nearly thirty years, writes from factor in the advancement of the misknowledge. His presentation is most sionary cause in America. The "Men sane and is made sympathetically, and Religions Movement," "Dewith discernment and constructively. nominational Laymen's Missionary He describes Taoism, Spiritism, Con- Movement" and other activities owe fucianism, Buddhism, Chinese Mo- their impulse to this work. hammedanism, modern r e 11 g i 0 u S movements and Christianity. One Christ Supreme. Arthur H. Carter. 12mo. finds here much new light on the 83 pp. Art stock covers, 30 cen ts; cloth, religions of China and on religion in 75 cents. Chicago. 1926. general. There is no doubt whatever in the author's mind but that, with The author reveals Christ's charall the excellencies of natural and acter and glory in this brief study. ethnic religions, the necessity for ac- He shows very brie:fly one present· cepting and following Christ as day attitude toward Christ and the Saviour and Lord is supreme. • view of him given in the Old and New Testaments.

The Missionary Review of the World — July 1926

OF THE MOUNTAIN PARISH: AT BUCKHORN

A Gratifying Assured Income Bonds Income ISSUED BY Some years ago the executors of a will American Sunday-School Union which directed the payment of an AN- PHILADELPHIA NUITY of $lO,OOO.1JO to the widow of the decedent were inclined to purchase the I., IllC4IfJIOIIted ••d,r law••f ~ Sla', of PeJUIS}'IVIlIia ANNUITY from a life insurance ('Offi- Assure pany. But as the entire estate was ultimately to go to various charitable and 1. The greatest possible safety in investment.

missionary objeds, they decided, on the 2. The return of a high rate of income duradvice of attorneys, to divide among four ing life. missionary organizations, one of which 3. The definite distribution of your money was The American Baptist Home Mission while you live. Society, '~ amount required for the purchase of the annuity. 4. The satisfaction of knowing that your money will aid, after your death, in the Our Finan('e Committee ('onsists of very estahlishment of Sunday Schools in rural able business men. and the investments di~tricts otherwise unreached by religious of our ANNUITY FUNDS are now being influencE'; and in providing a moral and largely ",ade in guaranteed mortgages. religious literature true to the gospel of Jesus Christ. Our ANNUITIES yield a very gratifying income and there are many advantages in For information about this form 0/ in'lJcstment, our ANNUITY PLAN whieh I will be and income to he deri~ed the,.ejrom, addruJ glad to explain. Kindly address: Secretary CHARLES L. WHITE AMERICAN SUNDAY·SCHOOL UNION THE AMERICAN BAPTIST JOHN H. TALLEY1 A ••i.tant Tre"aurer HOME MISSION SOCIETY 23 Ealt 26th Street New York City 1816 Cheat.."t Street PHILADELPHIA. PA.

PERSONALS MISS ELLA D. MACLAURIN, Executive Sec- DR. RoBEIT E. SPEEa, Rev. Hugh J. Kerr, retary of the Federation of Woman's Boards D.D., Shadyside Church, Pittsburgh, Mrs. Charles K. Roys and Miss Gertrude Schultz, of Foreign Missions, Bailed for Europe on plan to visit China this autumn at the request of the Presbyterian China Council. June 22d for two months' study of condi· Visits will also be made by one or more of the party to Japan, Korea, Siam and the tions in France, England, Germany, and Philippines. Anstria.

""

DR. W. W. PEET, so long the leading mis· siona~y statesman in Constantinople, has heen made "Ambassador of Good Will" by DR. WILLJAM 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Secretary the Federal Council of Ohurches of Chr~t of the Foreign Mission Board of the Re· formed Church in America, is leaving July in America to the Christian Ohurches in the third to attend the meeting of the Cl<Jmmit· too of the International Missionary Cl<Jnncil Near East. ". to be held in Rattik, Sweden, July 17th to 24th. OBITUARY REV. E. ,C. CRONK, D.D., secretary of the MRS. MARGARET R. TROWllRIDGE, widow of the founder and first president of Central Laymen's Missionary M,ovement of the Turkey College, and daughter of Elias Riggs, D.D., LL.D., the famous missionary United Lutheran Church, has been appointed linguist and translator of Constantinople, died in Aleppo, Syria, January 25th in her secretary of the Eastern Division of the eighty·fifth year. She had spent fifty·eight years in active missionary service and three Evangelical Lutheran Orient Mission So· of her children are now missiollaTieB.

. . ciety whi~h conducts work in Persia and Kurdistan. * MRS. FRANKLIN WARNER, President of the ** Woman's Board of Missions of the Con· Mas. ARTtHm. H. SMITH, who, with heT distinguished husband, had spent fifty·three gregational Chnrch, is also to serve as As- years in the service of the American Board in North China, died in TunghBien January sociate Secretary of the reorganized Amer- 28th, in her seventy-eighth year.

ican Board in charge of educational and promotional work. wroRll, *t h e" "

.. * * famons MRS. ANNA R. ATWATER has recently reo DAN CRA missionary to signed her office as vice·president of the Central Africa :for nearly half a century, United Christian Missionary Society (Dis· died in Elizabethville, Belgian Congo, On ciples) of St. Louis. June 3d.

Please mention TIm MIBsroNARY REVIEW OF TIlE WORLD In writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review 0 f the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Etlltor CONTENTS FOR JULY. 1926 J<"RONTISPIECE ………… 'fHE PARlSH CmIMUNITY AT BUOKHOR.N, KENTUCKY Page 485 EDITORIALS …………………………………………………….. 489 THE CHUR.CH IN THE COUN-fRY THE CoMPLEX TASK JN AMERlC'" 492 HUMAN IMPOR.TS AND SPIR.I'fUAL Ex· THE PRESENT:DAY MISSIONAR.Y Mo· 493 PORTS TIVE 500 THE SOIL AND THE SPIRITUAL LIFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. SCOTT KING 504 A thoughtful study of the natural relatwnahip between the environment and oc· cupatwn of the farmer and his religwus natme. . 509 A CHRISTIAN pROGRAM FOR A RURAL CHURCH; . . . . . . . . RALPH A.. FirurON 520 CHANGES IN RURAL L,IFE DURiING THE PAST TWENTY·FIVE YEARB 523 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WARREN H. WILSON 529 A strilaing presentation of the outstanding contrasts between life in rural dis· tricts a 'quarter of a century ago and today with its modern machinery, inven· 533 tions and opportunities. 539 THE GOSPEL AND THE SOIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. B. PARSON 544 A study of facts brought out in connectwn with the recent conference held under 551 the aU&pices of the lnternatwnal Associatwn of Agricultural Misswns. 554 557 THE REAL JOB OJ;' THE RURAL CHURCH ……………. JOHN McDoWELL 573 Passing over the superficial and secondary responaibilities of pastors and churches in country d'f,stricts, Dr. McDowell points out the fundamental and most essential work that neeas to be done in thesepamhes.

RELIGIOUS ADVENTURE IN RURAL AMERICA : . . . . . . . . . . . M1I.LCOLM DANA Some extremely interesting and inspiring examples of what pastors have actually accomplished in their rural pamhes.

QUALIFICATIONS OF THE COUNTRY PR;EAOHER ……. C. M. MOUoNNELL A word picture of Ifhe kind of men most needed to ."in farmm-s and their fam· ilies to their rightful place in too Church of Christ.

RELIGIOUS NEEDS OF OLDER RURAL DISTRICTS . . . . . . . . . . . R A. ADAMS A descriptio'1l. of conditwns in the eastern stateR that have been deserted by farmers or by Protestant, chuTche•.

PIONEER WORK IN NEiWER COMMUNITIES …. ANDREW J. MONTOOMEB.Y A survey of the westB'ffl and southwe8tern fields of America and their religious needs.

IjNITED CHURCHES IN RURAL COMMUNTTIES …… ELIZABI!7I'H R. HOOKER A study of the camparati"e value and effectiveness of denominafwna! and !Ln· denominatwnal community churehes.

THE STOR.Y OF BUOKHORN, KEN'fUCKY ………………………….. BEST METHODS, IN RURAL COMMUNITIES … EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLE,TIN …………………………….. WOMAN '8 FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN …………………………..

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ……………………………………….

THE MISSIONARY LIBEARlY ………………………………………

T./<JRMS: $2.50 Ii year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single eopies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1926, by MISSIONARY REVlEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. AU rights reserved.

THF; MISSIONARY RF;VIF;W PUBI,ISHING COMPANY, Inc.

DReloabvearnt Jt ~Peieerrs,onP, reSseidcreenttaI'1 Wm' a1It,.CrhaMmcbDerolugaina",ViTcer·.Pasr"uriedrent L. W II ;:cbl~ca:~~; office, 3d & Reily Sts., Ha$~~~~u~,y~:; F;ditorial and Bu~~:sY~:l:C~;t~56 Fifth Avenue, ,8". F;ntered as second·class matter at the Post Office, Harrisburg, P••, under Act of March 3, ROBERT E. SPEER'S Important New Book The Unfinished Task of Foreign Missions • JAMES SPRUNT LECTURES, 1926 Cloth, $2.75 q lProfessor Harlan P. Beach says, "The reading of Dr. Speer's last book, only continues and strengthens my opinion that he is the one man in America, if not the world, who has had almost unequaled opportunities to visualize and investigate questions such as are treated in his volume . . . . . . It certainly is a most impressive volume upon a very important theme. It should awaken a deep interest in world evangelizati0!I. "

Missions says, '"A new book by Robert Nashville Christian Advocate says "Here Speer is always eagerly welcomed b'y those is a book for every' student of the progress who know how sane and strong and clean is of Christianity to read, study, and lay close his thought. This book will not prove dis- by for reference. Dr. Speer is the man to appointing; it is one of his best." have written it. He is as thoroughly equipped for the task as any living person." The World Call says, "Mr. Speer asks and answers the questions 'Is the missionary International Review of Missions says, enterprise still necessary? Is its work done? "These lectures add a worthy volume to Dr. If not, why not?' etc. In doing so he presents Speer's loug list of books. Into them the facts and figures in logical array, but in author has poured not only the choice coninteresting and helpful fashion, furnishing tents of his notebooks, with their vivid recolfood for thought and material for missionary lections of travel and rich results of wide and addresses. The book will be read by pastors, varied reading, but also clear and penetrating professors and missionary administrators, but thought expressed in forceful language." just as eagerly and helpfully by laymen generally."

TWO OTHER IMPORTANT WORKS ON MISSIONS The Task in Japan Chinese Culture and Christianity By James Livingstone Stewart By August Karl Reischauer, D.D. p'f'()fessor of Philosophy and Comparative Re- Professor at }.!e'J.ii Gakuin, Tokyo ligions, West China University} Chengtu. Szech· wan. Authtw of '~The Laughing B1tddha/' etc. "'~ pttidi1if~~ern,Mis;ionary Impera- Does China need Christianity today? tiv~S4!d on twenty years of first-hand study, made by its author on the mission This book,gives the answer. Dr. Stewart fields of the Orient. . has spent twenty-four years in China, and during that entire period has been furnish- Missionary Review of World: A If pene- ing his mind with what he now puts fortratingly accurate analysis of the real work of ward in the pages of this book. missions, not only in Japan, but in other fieldsa strong plea {or the type of missionary work Dr. Stewart during his quarter of a century necessary if Christianity is to hold the field.'" ,1.60. ~ou~i~o:a:h/t~dfdChfn~~:ti~:;~'led lfn t~~ thought life, then read this comnrehensive re- view of h~r:' present-day system. ,2.50'.

FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY, PUBLISHERS 158 Fifth Avenue, New York 17 N. Wabash Avenue, Chicago Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. (See page 539)

JULY, 1926

XLIX SEVEN THE OHUROH IN THE OOUNTRY MANY people today are inclined to confuse bigness with great- ness, to think that stentorian tones indicate an important utterance, to conclude that. the larger and more flaring the electrical sign, the more valuable is the merchandise it advertises.

In the same way, some believe that the power of a church is indicated by the size of its membership, that the importance of a community is proportionate to its population and that effectiveness depends on organization. Size is a factor in greatness-other things being equal –and numbers do count in the Ohurch and in the Kingdom of God as truly as in earthly warfare and in politics. But the most intensively powerful factors in God's universe are not necessarily the most ex- tensive, or the most easily recogni2ed. A microbe that can not be perceived by the senses may defy and bring to naught the strength of a giant; a small electric wire may carry light and power to oper- ate a huge factory. – The importance of a parish is not dependent on its size; a preacher is not powerful in proportion to the length of his life, the amount of his salary or the advertising space devoted to him in the press; the vitality of a church cannot be judged chiefly by the num- ber of its members, the cost of its structure or the completeness of its organization.

The small church in the rural community, the topic for this year's home mission study course, is of tremendous importance, not only to the individuals in the community but to the nation at large.

The country is a feeder of the city and the vigor of city life depends largely on the quality of blood flowing into it from the country.

Some of the greatest forces for good (like Abraham Lincoln) and for evil (like Joseph Smith, the Mormon) have come from rural districts.

While the results of rural church work are frequently inconspicuous or discouraging, the importance of such work is increasingly recog- 485

nized. There is all the more reason, therefore, for avoiding any course that saps the life of these small churches-through rivalry, through stressing non-essentials or through failure to keep in contact with the Source of all Power. After all, the real secret of life and of effective service is the same for country and for city.

Today the country parish is being restudied and reappraised as to its real needs, its resources, its importance and its program of life and service. While streams of country youth flow into the cities and supply fresh blood to colleges, a counter stream of business and professional men and women of mature age is flowing back into rural districts-occupying farms, estates and suburban homes. This transfer makes a complicated problem of financing, supplying leaders and maintaining a constructive program.

The articles by specialists in this and in subsequent issues of the REVIEW deal with many phases of this problem: the changes that have taken place in the last qnarter of a century, the characteristics of a successful rural pastor, the type of country church that has proved most efficient; the neglected rural populations of today, the religious educational problem in the country, and the real job of the rural church. The books and articles on this subject are worthy of study and the way this problem is dealt with today will largely determine the character of the individual, the Church and the nation tomorrow.

THE COMPLEX TASK IN AMERICA T HE immensity and complexity of the undertaking to reach all classes in America is revealed in the different nationalities one meets in the narrow circle of his daily round. A Rumanian takes the ashes from the cellar of his home and a Pole whitewashes its walls. A Hollander prunes the vines or works in the garden; a GermaIi 'plumber comes to stop a leak and his }Jelper is a Dane. The man who mends his rugs is a Syrian, the cook is a Swede and the waitress a Norwegian. His wife's seamstress is a Belgian and the man painting the fence is a Swiss. A Chinaman does his laundry, a Russian is his tailor; his groceries eome from a "Velshman, meat from a Scotchman, fish from a ~"rench­ man and vegetables from an Italian. The policeman who patrols his street is Irish, the milkman is a Lapp and his cobbler is a Hungarian; the bell-boy in the hotel where he spends a night is a Filipino and among the waiters are Slovaks, Greeks, and Serbians. He takes his lunch in a Turkish restaurant where he meets a college classmate who is a Bulgarian, with a friend who is a Montenegrin. The Austrian Consul lives in the house opposite. In the Men's Bible Class that he attends are a Cuban Protestant, a Mexican, a Brazilian, a Lithuanian, a Peruvian and a Haitian, while a Japanese merchant and his family attend services in the church of which the sexton is

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

a Portuguese. The janitor of his office building is a Canadian. The man who washes his office windows is a Spaniard, and his scrub woman is an Austrian. In an early morning train, among twentyeight passengers in the car, four are reading German papers, twelve .Jewish, six Italian, and the only American-born man in the car beside himself is a Negro.

Verily, the task of interpreting the Gospel of Christ to the mixed multitudes in America is not an easy one.

HUMAN IMPORTS AND SPIRITUAL EXPORTS n .AMERICA'S greatest imports are not the material riches from other lands but they are the human raw material that comes to our shores. The diseased and tainted are supposed to be excluded at the ports of entry while the residue is fashioned into uReful and beautiful citizenship in American schools and churches.

America's greatest exports are not her grain and manufactures, hut they are the ripened spiritual products-men and women transformed by education and freedom and transfigured by the Gospel of Christ. These redeemed and transformed souls carrv America's best business methods, ideals of liberty, equality, frate;nity, neighborliness, community spirit, initiative, brotherhood; they carry the Ohristian evangel and the best methods for taking Christ and for expressing Christian service to all-the nations of the world. East, west, north and south, American men and women trained in Christian churches are scattered over the world as the living seed of the Kingdom of God. The Gospel of Christ alone can save men from their sins and can give to them the individual, social, national and international salvation that all need-without distinction as to race, nationality or social position.

THE PRESENT-DAY MISSIONARY MOTIVE H AS ANY radical and important change taken place in the motive that leads young men and young women to offer them- selves for missionary work in non-Ohristian lands ~ Ninetytwo of these young volunteers have recently been accepted and assigned to their fields by the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. Others are going out under the Baptist, Oongregational, Disciples, Protestant Episcopal, Methodist Episcopal, Lutheran, Reformed and other Boards. They have heard the call to leave home and kindred and to go to these other lands. What has been the motive that has led them to respond "Here am I, send me'"

There are those who would have us believe that not only religious ideas are changing but that the very foundation of religion is changing. 'l'hey say that the original motive for religious worship and obedience was fear, as it is today with African spirit worshippers. Gradually, they tell us, there developed the idea of "loyalty to

tribal or national gods, as with the followers of Shinto. Another step is shown in the desire for religious world conquest, exemplified in Buddhism, Islam and Christianity. 'l'he personal motive may be merit-seeking, love of conquest or fanatical faith. Such conceptions, we are told, have led to foreign missions.

Does this explain the Christian religion or the motive that leads Christians to proclaim the teachings of Christ~ Such was the central theme discussed at the annual week-end c(lnference of the International Missionary Union, held in New York City (April 30th to May 1st). Nearly one hundred missionaries on furlough and former missionaries came together, representing twelve fields and over twenty mission boards. They discussed the questions" What change has taken place in the missionary motive1" "What is the Gospel today~" and "How should the Christian message be adjusted because of national judgments and attitudes f"

The missionaries recognized that the modern missionary motive is more complex than formerly. Today many Christians not only feel the urge to go out to other lands because of their faith in Christ as the Son of God and the Revealer of the Way of Eternal Life, but they go because they know the ignorance that exists concerning the highest ideals of the life that now is. They go out hoping, by personal contact, understanding and influence, to help promote world peace, interracial brotherhood, social and industrial betterment and intellectual advancement.

There is no question but that with many the missionary motive has changed from that emphasi'zed in the New Testament. Some missionary speakers lay such stress on the need to promote brotherhood, or industrial betterment, on the sympathetic study of other religions, and on the benefits of modern education, that students are led to volunteer from no higher motives than those that might lead them to go out as agents for modern machinery or prepared food or in the interest of politics, science or s~cial service.

From a humanitarian standpoint, there are many good motives that might lead one to become a foreign missionary. None of these are adequate when we consider the difficulties and the issues involved. From a Christian viewpoint, however much one may be impelled by a desire to help his fellowmen to better their ideals and environment, the supreme missionary motive must be loyalty to Jesus Christ as Divine Lord and Saviour, a sense of the need of men for a way out of failure and sin and a conviction that He alone shows the Way of Life, here and hereafter. Most of the outgoing missionaries are actuated by such loyalty to Christ and by the desire to present Him to those who do not know Him, but they need, also, to be thoroughly grounded in faith and knowledge, and able to give the reasons for their conviction that the Gospel of Christ is the power of God unto salvation to everyone who believes on Him.

Soil and the Spiritual

BY REV. JOHN SOOTT KING, LITTLE BRITAIN, NEW YORK F ROM the mythologies of ancient peoples and from the folk- lore of those not so ancient we seem safe in assuming that a spiritual contact existed between nature and man through long periods of his development. Field, forest and mountain were believed to be alive with unseen beings whose good or ill will was potent. In many of the Psalms and Old Testament prophecies these ideas are lifted into an everyday experience of God who is not very far from anyone of us. If the starry silences of Oriental deserts impressed men with ideas ab()ut Him who inhabits eternity, the lowing herds on succulent hillsides and the teeming vegetation in fertile valleys impressed men with ideas of God's closeness, and of His thoughtfulness for the lives of beast and man.

When ,Lot pitched his tent toward the city of Sodom, the deterioration of Lot began. Somewhat like Lot's story has been the taking from rural life of a spirituality which seemingly and atavistically ought to have been permanent. 'l'he grare of city life, which is sulphurous at times, has blinded the eyes of many who have found pleasure and comfort in the open country. The maJ;erial conveniences and exciting pleasures of a city make strong appeal to thoughtless minds and weary bodies. There is a kind of intoxication in the whirl and rush of the city. Discontent soon overtakes country life by comparison. The city has no clear message for the deeper longings of life. Having eyes and seeing not and having ears and hearing not the realities of the country near him, the countryman, whose tent is pitched cityward, grows blind and deaf to the intimations of immortality surrounding him.

The economic struggle in agriculture, which tends toward cooperative enterprise, has created a class spirit against present business conditions. A sense of injustice in the scheme of t.hings prevails. Unconsciously an inferiority complex develops. Even in the cooperatives suspicion and envy arise. Some will not enter the cooperative attempts to better conditions. Division, where solidarity is necessary, grows. Where good will among independent conditions obtained, ill will obtains in cooperative conditions. If in it all one hecomes soured and discouraged then there is an inclination to an independency which is atheistic in thought and antisocial in habit.. "He that loveth not knoweth not God."

The unconscious struggle going on between cultures tends to blunt spiritual tendencies. The necessary neighborliness of the rural dweller makes the cultural question more serious in the country than in the city where racial groups can keep together. The Slavic, Latin, 489 ,

Teutonic and Anglo-Saxon stocks all have their own peculiar mode of thought and reason and of conduct, religious and moral. Alone each might carryon to perfectness, but each is affected by the other so that there arises a hybrid culture which lacks the basic beauty and zest of any of them. The mystical Slav, the reverential Latin, the God-militant Teuton and the God-law Anglo-Saxon mingled together in their absolute integrities would make for the final man, but alas, they mingle together in their worn ofi or lost integrities and the composite tends to produce the poorest of each.

The old idea of land tenure is passing away under the assault of the land speculator. Farms are less held for their ancestral meaning than for a high price. The hold is tenuous. Instead of inherited acres representing a. great love and devotion on the part of pioneers who cleared forests, blasted out rocks and underdrained meadows, they merely stand for the highest price to be obtained from a buying public. The tent is pitched toward Sodom.

Some or all of these things may be but transitory conditions. However they are very real while they last and very damaging to that spiritual contact which man should get out of God's creations.

The open country must still have messages for the souls of men, and the souls of men must still be capable of hearing them. The great religions of the world .had their birthplaces in the open country. The great poets 'have found their virile messages out of forest and mountain, singing bird and bursting bud. Jesus based His approach to man's sleeping soul upon pictures of falling sparrows, blossoming meadows, sun-caressed and rain-kissed fields in which men sowed and from which they reaped. An ancestral hall is the figure of a loving Father whose son returns from the feeding of swine. The gospels of Jesus have hallowed in a peculiar way the soil.

Nor will we believe that men's souls are dead to the messages of the open country. They are only dormant. A plowing of the environment with a new economic policy toward agriculture may loosen up the soil around the sleeping seed. A rain of sympathy on the part of urban business and culture, shown in respect for rural la bor as as high as any trade or even profession, may cause the seed to swell. But most of all we must believe that prophets whose hearts are full of love for the country and its people will do most :in stirring into life the sleeping good. There still linger traces of the older order of things. The country is not all sordid, nor all animal as in Zola's La Terre. A crude righteousness, crude: senses of justice, crude longings for beauty and culture abound everywhere in the country. Timid and unspoken may be these virtues, but they exist and only await some clarion voice to cause them to put their grave clothes aside and come forth. Brotherliness is just around the corner inmost lives awaiting the temptation to come out in front.

THE SOIL AND THE SPIRITUAL LIFE

Religion is not very deeply buried in any man, especially not in the ones we can foreigners, were we to get down to it with a loving not prying cordiality.

Because the rural dweller is by necessity an individualist, the only approach to him is individual. The weakness of much Christian work in country places lies in the lack of individual approach in sympathetic neighborliness. Pastoral work, not only by minister but by layman also, with a pastoral knGwledge of the one pastored is the Church '8 hope of holding the country and of bringing it back to its prophetic place amid the material tendencies of urban life which is fast becoming major in our civilization. To interpret the speech of the country side as did our Lord, to make men feel the nearness of God as did He, will require perhaps abnegation and surrender of what seems more worthwhile. Abraham left Ur of Chaldea. Lot pitched his tent toward Sodom. There is a wide difference in what an Israelite and the Ammonite and Moabite connote to the world by way of religion, law and morality.

CHRISTl!AN STEWARDSHIP SENTIMENTS T 0 HAVE is to owe-not to own. ·When a man acquires riches, God gets a partner or the man loses his soul. I II will place no value on anything I have except in its relation to the Kingdom of Christ."

A wise man will not hesitate to give away what he cannot keep, obtaining thereby riches that he will never lose.

Systematic earning makes an industrious man; wise spending a well-furnished man; thoughtful saving a prepared man; conscientious giving a blessed man.

Unconsecrated wealth in the hands of Christians is one of the greatest hindrances to the progress of the Church.

The Kingdom of God can never be established merely by the raising and expending of money, but money is greatly needed for its world-wide extension.

Stewardship puts the Golden Rule into business in place of the Rule of Gold.

Jesus Christ teaches that a man's attitude toward God and His Kingdom is revealed by his attitude to the property com- . mitted to his trust.

A Christian Program for a Rural Church BY PROF. RALPH A. FELTON IN "OUR TEMPLED HILLS"

1. Help to strengthen family ties in the midst of all the pres" ent-day forces that tend to tear them apart. Stress the sacred- ness of family life.

2. Keep the children as the center of the home and com- munity life, thus using the stones to build parish houses, in place of reformatories; using the rope to construct play- ground swings, instead of for hanging people; giving at least as much space to parks as to cemeteries; having school- houses as fine as barns; providing as much furniture for the children as for guests; giving as much time for the bedtime story-hour as for the radio and the newspaper.

3: Emphasize both bodily health and spiritual holiness, both sanitation and saintliness, before Him who tells us that we are the temples of the living God!

4. Put more emphasis upon true worship, but also recog- nize the fact that religious obligation is not exhausted by go- ing to church; neither is the church's task completed by simply persuading people to come to meetings.

5. Develop a Christian atmosphere in which a clean and wholesome social life can be lived in this day when commer- cial agencies are bidding for the control of all recreation.

6. Christianize all relationships in such a way that, as we are drawn closer together by improved methods of commu- nication and by cooperative economic agencies, we may build that world-wide brotherhood that has been talked about for so long.

7. Help make this earth beautiful which God has made holy, and conserve its fertility as well as its beauty for future generations.

8. Teach respect for law. Look upon government and laws as the best judgment of the best people, and develop the in- dividual conscience to obey and to enforce the law.

9. Put the spirit of Christ into everyday life, so large a portion of which consists in earning a living; placing service above profits, ideals above dividends, and human relation- ships above material wealth.

am "' …..U-1I.. _t

C3 IIto.".._t. • • to.I*_L D .oMpttOlDt.

. .. P'I"..a. … oow. ftI …"l' . . {- ) dIow ……pIdodJ~ PERCEN'I'AGE OF INCREASE IN POPULATION OF TERRITORY RURAL IN 1920, BY STATES: 1910-1920 Changes in Rural Life In the Past Twenty-Five Years BY REV. Wl..RREN H . WILSON, D.D., NEW YORK ])ireetor of Town and Country Department, Board of National Missions, Presbyterian Ohurch, U. S. A.

RURAL life had its crises in the years near to 1870, when the great migration to new land began; in 1890 when, the new land being all settled, we began to exploit the settled acres; in 1910 when the Country Commission aroused the world, and in 1920 when world forces took possession of farm and village life. Between the changes of fifty-five years past and those of twenty-five years past is this difference: the earlier were American and continental; the later are international and world-wide. . This paper has to do with processes in which the American countrymen have a share ill the same experience of all lands.

At the beginning of the twentieth century we were made aware of what we called "rural decadence." The terms "hill towns" of New England, "paganism," "abandoned churches" were on the lips of church leaders. They appeared with increasing frequency in serious prints. Religious people were troubled over the decline of the country church, but they did not know its meaning. Every religious society that had rural congregations had the experience of closing some of them, avoiding as long as possible the recognition that many others were practically dead. In 1909 Theodore Roosevelt proclaimed by means of a famous "Report on Country Life"

493

that the causes of this decline were economic. His formula, trans- ported across the Atlantic by Sir Horace Plunkett, was "better farming, better business, better living." This connection between the life of the spirit and the toil of the hands had beim known to many individual church workers, but was not proclaimed until Roosevelt's famous Commission cleared the atmosphere and opened a vista of understanding.

There followed five years of "Conservation Movements" and "Country Life Movements." 1, was called at that time into the serv- ice of the Presbyterian Home Board as Superintendent of the Coun- try Life Department, and it was my duty to attend conferences in which religion, education, better farming, cooperative purchase, proc- ess and sale, were all discussed as parts of a common process. Theodore Roosevelt and Liberty Hyde Bailey had shown the way to consecrating the soil and harnessing the forces of religion with the task of honoring the Lord in material things. How different that time with its high hopes and its recognition of the spiritual value of material things, from the present in which farmers are demanding. better economic conditions without regard to the spir- itual use, which we then hoped would follow from the improvement of the industry!

In this quarter century we have seen a great socializing of morals, of health and education. The Prohibition Movement is the highest expression of a moral standard put into a social propaganda. It may have run away from its original idea, as some believe it has, in its legal forms, but at the beginning it was a movement for indi- vidual abstinence from intoxicating liquor. Among farmers it he- came a social movement for the community in the interest of temperance. It is originally an agrarian reform. Somewhat more slowly and by the same path has come the transformation of bedside health service into public health nursing in the community.

At the beginning of this century education was content with the little red schoolhouse. Now country people are. generally converted to a socialized form of education either in the consolidated school .or in intelligent, skilled supervision of schools. The agrarian ad- vance has changed the farmers' desire to be taught only what their fathers learned into an eagerness for teaching in agriculture and home economics as well. While there are some objectors and somo states are reluctant, yet the extension of social education among villagers and country people is natural, and like other changes of this period it follows international experience.

But the most striking change in rural life is the nationalization of agriculture. It began, I suppose, in the earlier period when the Department of Agriculture was formed and the colleges of agriculture and mechanic arts in every state were launched about sixty years ago. But in this quarter century of world influence we are

RURAL LIFE IN THE PAST TWEiN'.rY-FIVE YEARS

confronted with problems our fathers did not know. The boll weevil taught us to employ the county agent. Seaman Knapp, sent into the South by the Secretary of Agriculture to combat this pest, devised a series of demonstration farms supervised by the county agent. In the Administration of Woodrow Wilson during the war this system was made national. The Farm Bureau grew up around the county agent's office at the county seat, and now we have agriculture pivoted upon the action of the National Government. We have the Farm Bloc in Washington and many state capitals. Farmers are demanding that the Government help the industry which twentyfive years ago regarded itself as the one independent occupation in the world.

Corresponding to this change is the denominational care of the country church. All Protestant communions before that time had what the Presbyterians call "presbyterial administration." Even the Methodists care for their weaker country churches through the conference. With the Roosevelt Country L,ife Commission Report in 1909 a new era began and now at least ten of the greater communions, including the Roman Catholic, have Departments of the Country Church, usually under their Board of Home Missions, which endeavor to use national resources and national experience in the interest of the local country congregation. In doing so they seek for international models and assemble the wisdom of centuries and of other lands as best they may to help the country church. Already the American experience is used in China and India, and the community church, as well as the "demonstration parish," is studied and imitated by missionaries. Evidently this religious movement which seemed national is in reality international.

One may well contrast the rural life of 1925 with that of 19QO. rroday country people are concerned with collective action in their farming and in their industry. They have heard of agricultural cooperation in Germany and consumers' cooperation in England. Cooperation has a definite meaning to farmers. The word refers to a mode of collective borrowing of money, collective processing of meat or milk, collective breeding of cattle, collective selling of farm products, and collective purchase of the goods farmers and villagers want. In 1910 farmers and residents in small towns were engaged in individual struggle, under low prices, for survival. In 1925-1926 country people are cooperating, in a time of high prices, for survival, with even more alarm in their expressions.

Another strong contrast between the extremes of this quarter century is expressed in urbanization. Villages and dwellers of the open country are getting hold of comforts and conveniences which are bought, not hand-made. It would seem that a good angel had looked upon the bleak slavery of farmers in the former century and planned for them enjoyment as wen as release; for the automobile,

COMING TO CHURCH BY OARRIAGES AND ON FOOT IN TEXAS the telephone, the radio, and in the background the rural free delivery of mail, are devices that seem to be suited to the need of the farm family living upon their lonely acres. 'l'hese devices, wllich were at first reluctantly used by farmers, though that reluctance has diminished with each successive year, have completely changed the social process of the farm house. Every day letters come and the paper comes to the door; every hour the telephone jingles with news of the neighborhood and reliable information of the markets. Every evening the radio sounds from its corner and every Sunday it preaches; while the automobile stands crouched in the barn or the garage ready for a dash to the nearest or the farthest point, in less time than it used to take to put a bridle on the farmer's mare. It would seem that these changes would make the country so attractive that Ntlfthecity people would. move out there to live, but in fact theY have simply stirred the mixture of country life more vigorously; or to change the figure, they have speeded up the separator by -which the cream and the milk are separated. The selection of those who live in the country and those who are impelled to leave the country is hastene4 by these wonderful facilities.

The social facilities are not the only ones given the farmer and the villager. New tools have come for his trade and new devices to save the steps of his burdened wife in the kitchen. The tractor is the rival of the horse, which the automobile has driven from the public roads. Many devices for doing the labor of the farm have come with it. But better still are the manifold facilities for making the house attractive within and the labor of the kitchen easier. Some of them are intended for health improvement but others have to do with the heating and lighting of the house. The old-fashioned farm of our grandfather's was self-sustaining in that it produced what

RURAL LIFE IN THE PAST TWENTY-FIVE YEARS

it consumed: but the modern farm, equally prosperous, is self-sufficing as an electric plant, as a heating plant, as a unit of dairying or of canning fruits j though it is by this fact all the more dependent upon the manufacturer and the salesman.

Twenty-five years ago the farmer took pride in the skill of his hands to provide for his wants. He did not think of himself at that time except as an independent producer. But now the farmer is a consumer and he knows it. Therefore, he is concerned about his income. Even in India and China and Africa the quest of the dollar, the rupee and the shilling, is molding rural life. Reports from missionaries and travelers tell of the modification of village and family life for the purpose of making money, and the invasion of those lands by European and American goods that must be bought with cash. The studies made in Cornell University upon the problem of the income of the farmer, which resulted in the new word "labor income" with its peculiar meaning, have been memorable. We used to think about farm profits in a vague way. Since 1911 we have had a measurement of the pay a farmer gets for labor and management. 'l'his measure is used in China and India as well as in Montana.

Another striking change in the quarter century is the accelerated selection of those who may dwell in the country by reason of intensified industry. Farm life and village life are now thoroughly industralized. Generally speaking, none dwell in the country except those who can give an industrial reason for living there. The surplus of our populations is in our cities, with few exceptional areas. During the period following the war, immigrants have been drastically excluded from this country and the industries to which they were accustomed to attach themselves in the manufacturing centers have raised their wages, thus calling in many men and some women and children from the farms. By this the one-time exodus from the country has become a lamentable procession, and the announcements 2

of the Department of Agriculture, concerning especially the great industrial states east of Chicago and north of Washington, have tended greatly to discourage the people of the country and to give the impression that farm industry is a failure.

Another rural change in the spirit of recent years has been caused by the extended propaganda on behalf of moral reform, as on behalf of prohibition and of those domestic moralities which are . exalted by the Ku Klux Klan, and in the interest of the so-called Nordic stock. Whatever the cause of these agitations they have greatly disturbed country people. It may be that they are part of a racial discussion in which we are at the beginning. Their effects are already written in legislation and recorded in a complete change of the atmosphere and tone of rural communities in such states as Indiana and Texas. Everyone who knows these states appreciates that the old days of friendly, easy intercourse have gone and a new time with strong aversions or conflicts and not a little fear has arrived. The future is obscured for thoughful people in these small towns, whi~h are iarming centers, and the present is not as agree- able as the past.

The bitter cup of disillusionment, too, has been pint to our lips by the writers of the time. Until the past decade we were able to idealize the people that live in the country. We had fears and we were challenged to remedy abuses but we did not doubt the goodness of the structure and the beauty of the ideals of the village and the farm until "Main Street" was written and "TeeftaUow." These books and others like them slashed the portrait of our ancestors . with a ruthless dagger and robbed those who love the country of their pride in the life of small communities. That they told truth is evidenced by the wide reading they had among country people themselves,but they have left us without the ideals in which we clothed the farmer and the mountaineer.

Last of all, in the quarter century has come the proclamation of the city supremacy. In the Census of 1920 the city crossed the line for the first time ahead of the country. Fifty-one per cent of our people were found to live on the city side of that arbitrary line of 2500 population and less.· The newspapers and those who read them are all convinced that America has become an urban order of life and say it daily. Strange to say, at this very time, owing to other causes, notably the sales program in the interest of the auto- mobile and the radio, people are moving out of the city into the open country. .Families are touring out into the country and the resi- dential section of the bigger cities is forever being pushed farther and farth(lr from the city hall. . ..

It would be in vain to close this brie~:recital'with any indication of finality, but it may be worth saying that the changes of the past twenty-fi,ve years are generally superficial. No change has come in

1926J RURAL LIFE IN THE PAST TWENTY-FIVE YE,ARS

the source of our food, cotton, wool, lumber, ores and petroleum. 'Po produce these, people live in the country. So long as we have to tend dairy cows in order to get milk and cream, which are necessities of life, and so long as we have to plant and reap wheat in order to make bread; so long as we must have petroleum to lubricate the machines of the world, we will have people living in the small communities. The changes of the past twenty-five years are striking and picturesque indeed, but the family farm is still the unit of agriculture, the greatest industry of them all, in which is engaged sixty per cent of the rural population. This is the largest population engaged in any single industry in any part of the world under like conditions 'of cOmfort and prosperity.

THE IJIIDRCH' IN THE CHANGING COUNTRY Times in the country have changed. Jnstead of lamenting "the good old days,"

it were better to try to keep the rural church up-to-date_ Improved farm machinery means that fewer people are needed in the country; therefore, fewer people are left to support the rural church; therefore, small churches should be consolidated. Automobiles and good roads have en~rged the rural neighborhood, making it possible for scattered farm people to attend strong central churches. The little rural neighborhood nnit has largely given place to the country unit for agricultural organizations. The small neighborhood church must likewise be enlarged, both geographically and in its program of activities. The cunsolidation of rural schools is paving the way for a consolidation of rural churchoo.

The radio, like the telephone and the rural free delivery, has decreased isolation and puts farmers in touch with world movements_ Religion in the country must be adapted to the needs of this new rural life and must give the farmer a wider horizon. R. F.

Changes in Rural Standards of Living BY PROF. RALPH A. FELTON, ITHACA, NEW YORK T HE changes that have taken place in rural life are revealed by a study of the cost of living of two families_ ~'he first entries are those of the father who kept strict account of his expenditures; and the second, those' of his son who, forty-five years later, kept an equally strict account_ Both father and son lived on the same farm, and in each family there were three adults and three children. They illustrate the difference in the standard of living today on American farms from that which prevailed forty-five years ago.

FATHER'S SoN'S EXPENSES, 1880 EXPENSES, 1924 $1. 73 Light, including up-keep $99.00 52.00 Food 447.73 93.68 Clothing 280.15 Three children 411.43 61.81 Church 95.07 Doetor and medicine 167.30 72.20 Papers and books 161. 70 6.40 Trips and vacations 22.26 Z_50 Amusements Z7.65 691.65 .00 159.82 _00 14_96 General operation (COAl, gasoline, auto, labor) 16 .17 Miscellaneous $321.45 $2,563.76 -From II Our Templed Hills.

Gospel and the

BY THE REV. A. B. PARSON, NEW YORK CITY Assistant Foreign Secretary, Protestant Episcopal Ohnrch CHRISTIAN forces at work in many lands have in one respect been neglecting the majority of the human race. We have forgotten that the masses live as tillers of the soil and cannot understand the refinements of an urban evangel, a message that seldom carries outside of the bounds of city life. A distinctly new note is being sounded to preach the Kingdom of God in the great rural regions of the earth. "If the world is to be Ohristian," says Dr. Thomas Jesse Jones, "then Ohristianity must broaden its conception of mission possibilities."

Our attack on the evils of the world has too often centered on individuals in cities and we have offered a Gospel powerful and transforming so far as it went. We built schools and hospitals by the side of churches and magnificently the enterprise has gone forward-except in the great, cleared spaces where the world's farmers care for the world's needs. There we did not go, because for the most part the missionary enterprise was born among literary folk, the product of refinement in city and college.

This expanding world movement has yet to learn the Gospel of the soil: that God's purpose must surely be to redeem the basis of all existence, which is the agricultural ground work of our world economic life. A great proportion of the earth-family live in the eountry and their viewpoint is determined by the conditions of rural life. A place must be claimed! for rural missions in the programs of all mission boards. The work of any communion will be incomplete if it evangelizes, educates, does medical and' other social work, but omits agricultural missions.

Oonsider some of the confessions of missionary leaders. In India much of the unrest is said to be due to the fact that schools have too exclnsively prepared young Indians for literary and clerical occupations to the neglect of the activities that are more fundamental in the life of their millions near to the soil, since 90% of the people live in some 700,000 villages. A leader in Ohina writes: "Our education as at present conducted is of an exclusively literary type and seems to me to foster in the pupils an exaggerated idea of the excellence of books ….. " And yet Ohina is the center of that bursting Far E{tst wherein one half of the world's population lives; and four fifths of these live on the land and secure their living from the land. The African Educational Oommissions* found that though the "See reports "Education in Africa." and "Education in East Africa." Phelps-Stokes Fund, 101 ,Park Ave., New York.

500 work of missions has had profound effects on the general life of the continent, "we have contributed only a small beginning toward the training that is required to prepare the native to make effective use of the soiL"

Benja;min H. Hunnicutt, of Lavras, Brazil, the first agricultural missionary (and yet appointed as late as 1907), says: "Agricultural missions are still in their infancy, and their status with the boards at home, the missions on the field, policies of development, and work are all matters of very grave study."

THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF AGRICULTURAL MISSIONS This group seeks to keep before mission boards the serious import of our still incomplete world missionary enterprise. Its purpose is to associate all those interested in agricultural and rural l11issions throughout the world for the development and exchange of ideas in order to improve agriculture and create a rural Ohristian eivilization.

'1'he Association's outlook on rural life includes all organized efforts for economic, social and religious development such as: increased production per acre and per capita, conservation of natural resources, good roads, cooperative markets, community centers, recreation, household arts and economy, public health service, improved churches and schools.

The Association was organized on January 1st, 1920, by missionaries and others interested in agricultural development at home and abroad. Twenty-five mission boards and other agencies are represented on the Executive Committee of the Association. Important investigations are being made by fiv'e committees as follows: Methods in Agricultural Missions at Home and Abroad. The Agricultural Community at Home and Abroad. Cooperative Organization of Agriculture. Women and the Family in Rural Life. The Rural Message and the Students of America.

The year past has been notable for two important conferences: the first (the fifth annual meeting) in New York in December and the second a regional conference in April at the School of Agriculhue, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.

EXAMPI,ES OF AGRICULTURAL WORK In present-day annals of mission lands no projects carry more weight than that of the quiet work of the American Presbyterian mission at Moga, Punjab. Rev. W. J. McKee and his associates are heeding the saying of the Governor of India's United Provinces that "India must prepare for the rule of her masters-the farmers!" Mr. McKee emphasrzes the village as the unit of work and the children are trained to meet all the conditions of their lives. Chief

among the things that are taught is gardening. Each child is given a plot of ground which he learns to cultivate. This agricultural w-ork is simple, but in view of the fact that millions in India must work on small plots, the effect will be far reaching. Group living and mutual aid are values that Christian teaching can add to Indian life.

China, similarly, presents the village as the unit of the community. The leaders of the New China are thinking seriously and constructively about rural China. This transformation of a people in a few years is bringing baffling complexities and underneath all questions is the agricultural. President Kenyon h Butterfield says: Half of the world's population lives in the Far East. Four fifths of these eight hundred million human beings live on the land and secure their living directly from the land. In these two facts lies the significance of the Far East in the problem of agriculture viewed as a world question. The process of industrializing the Far East is well begun though by no means half done. Now industrialization means urbanization and both together mean new drafts upon agriculture. More mouths to feed, fewer hands to produce food, higher standards of urban living, will once again crowd the soil of the Far East to its fullest possibilities. It is not alone food that is wanted in the Far East. This region is especially adapted to certain raw materials for manufacture that are in constant and growing demand. Silk and cotton are the most important of these; but beans and other plants are also important, being wanted in rapidly increasJng amounts for their oils and similar extracts. A long list of these products can even now be made and will be increased as transportation becomes easier. It follows therefore that the world interest in Far Eastern Agriculture is two-fold; first, the capacity of the region to feed half the world's people-its own half-the half which will soon be two thirds; and, second, its ability, iu addition to growing food, to grow raw material for industry.

The valuable counsel of the U. S. Department of Agriculture has been increasingly at the service of missionaries and boards. The Hon. William M. Jardine, Secretary of Agriculture, says: Our religion has its roots in a rural society, and it will lose much if it does not keep those country foundations sound and secure. Religion must keep its touch with the soil if it is to be deep and· vital. Religion is one of the deepest and most vital instincts of the human race and it should reach its highest fruition when it is associated with other deep and ancient instincts. One of the most conspicuous of these is love of the soil and of natm:al things which owe their life to the soil. Religion which is founded on the reverence and understanding of country people has a strength which it could never obtain from urban sources. This is the type of religion that needs to be presented more and more in our rural communities-a religion that does not speak in general terms, but that ties up religion with all that is good in farming and rural life. Religion can in this way make a genuine contribution to farming and the Inrmer, and they in their turn, inspired by this new religious con- ception, will give their fundamental solidity and strength to the re- ligious life of the nation.

THE ,GOSPEL AND THE SOIL

The Spring Conference of boards and missionaries, students and faculty members in Ohio could have had no more fitting setting than Ohio State University since this state is 94% farm land and of its total area 78% is devoted to cultivation and improved farm land. This conference combined to bring together expert knowledge of the needs of farmer folk the world around. One is deeply moved at the sweep of the forces represented by the followers of a Galilean village Youth, the Incarnate Love shown in an Oriental whose life was lived in the countryside. His teachings were illustrated mainly by allusions to homely farm life: the seed, the plow, the wheat, the tares, the soil.

The quiet transformation taking place was unostentatiously reported by a worker in South Africa, in making famine non-existent among Christian natives due to their knowledge of improved agriculture. Pagan peoples in the very same locations are still suffering from periodic famines. In other words, the scientific farmer, the product of Christian missions, constantly has a residue of his crops over against the day of need; while the native unschooled farmer faces constantly recurring starvation.

The non-Christian world stands in jeopardy without an inclusive Gospel that will save the whole of our human processes. God in Christ reveals to us new realms to be conquered before we can claim that we have the completer truth. The missionary enterprise, send· ing out modern agricultural apostles, proclaims a science friendly and transforming and humane for the most numerous of the classes of the world's workers.

To be secure in the proclamation of such a daringly comprehensive message we need an extension of our home labors. Our present danger is that the joyful possession of and working of the soil will give place to the tide that already has turned to the city and to an industrial society eager for a too comfortable de-agriculturalized urban life.

It will not do to try to take to non-Christians something we have not first experienced. It is for us to build a more Christian rural America. We have had a first era of the rural church, one of criticism, analysis and intellectual grasp of the problem. The seeond stage is one of hope, fervor and passion. If the rural church is to be cleansed of dry rot, the American farmer saved from peasantry, the city saved from an influx of pagan youth, a prophet must arise who will build upon the insight of this intellectual era, bringing together the forces of religion under a single battle cry against the devil and the sin of a false aristocracy and a false superiority, in order that the whole land may be Christian and strong. The whole man, the whole land, the whole world is to be redeemed. Then let us rise up to an unfinished work and give to earth 'speoples a finer life as the fruit of faith in a God who loves the whole world.

Real Job of the Rural

BY REIV. JOHN McDOWELL, D.D., NEW YORK Secretary of the Board of National Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

"And He went round about the villages teaching"-Mark 6: 6.

O BVIOUSLY the real job of the Church of Christ cannot be determined by its location or its environment. Whenever its work has been thus defined, the rural church has been long on program and short on dynamic, long on statistics and short on spirituality, long on stimulus and short on impulse. Noone will question for a moment that the religious condition of those who till the soil, who drive the plow, who delve in mine and who dwell remote from the marts of trade should never cease to be of serious concern to all Christians. Of course, the rural church must not be insensible to the needs of the people, old and young, nor indifferent to the pressing problems of the community. It must be wide awake to all these things and always close to the business and hearts of the men and women, boys and girls for whose well being and welfare it exists. If the rural church is to fulfil its place and do its work, survive and succeed, it must have at least two things: First, a clear idea of the mission to which Christ, the Founder, has appointed it.

Second, a firm purpose to fulfil that mission and not to die while there is work to do.

-What, then, is the real job of the rural church 7 For an answer to this question, Christians should go to the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments rather than to modern sociology and modern surveys. Surveys will prove a help in projecting the program of the rural church but they are not authoritative in defining its real job and its supreme purpose. The final court of appeal on this momentous question to which we should willingly submit is the teaching of the Scriptures, especially the teaching of the New Testament.

The rural church's mission is nowhere else authoritatively defined. Definitions from other sources are of value only in so far as they are in harmony with the teachings of the New Testament. Before these teachings, pre-conception and prejudice and pride should willingly bow and, to the full limits of the truth as revealed in the records of the New Testament, the rural church and every other church bearing the name of Jesus Christ is in duty bound to conform.

What, then, according to the teaching of the New Testament, is the real job of the rural church7 Choosing the Book of the Acts as a purposeful chronicle of the origin and growth of the Church and closely studying its narrative, we discover the answer it supplies to 504 be as simple as its implications are startling. The real job of the Church, according to the New Testament, is to witness to and for Jesus, the Christ. "Ye shall be my witnesses" (Acts 1: 8), said .Jesus to His followers on the day of His Ascension. That was their sole responsibility, a responsibility which each according to his several ability must discharge. It was to this end that "power" was promised, "when the Holy Spirit is come upon you."

Beginning with their native land, Judea, their witness was to extend to the uttermost part of the earth. "Weare witnesses," said Peter and his companions, harking back to the significant term again and again. Each act of the Apostles was a witness bearing, whether an interpretation of national history in the light of the grace and truth which came by this Christ, the healing of the sick, like the lame man at the beautiful door of the temple, or the ceaseless proclamation of Jesus crucified and risen. All such evidence as this is clear. "To witness for Jesus Christ!" That is the Church's real job everywhere throughout the world without discrimination and without discount.

In these modern days when the Church is called upon to do so many things and to be so many things for the community, all of which have their place and all of which are important in their place, we do well to go back to these early records and remind ourselves that, according to the constitution and charter of Christianity, the real job of any church bearing the name of Jesus Christ is not vague and indefinite but real and definite and that job is to be a living witness in every community to Christ and for Christ.

It is true that the Church has other functions, functions which are of great value to the community, but even these apart from the primary function of the Church will sooner or later disappoint the community and be discounted by the people. We heartily agree with Rev. Fred Eastman when he says: Let us keep constantly before us our historic ideals of religious and political freedom, education and Christian service. More important yet, let us bear in mind that these great ideals are the product of such religious conceptions as our faith in a Sovereign God dwelling in the human soul. Fundamental in all our "Unfinished Business," therefore, is evangelism, or getting individuals into fellowship with God. If the Church were to forget its history and become so blinded as not to see the religious roots of its passion for freedom, its desire for education and its devotion to human service, and were to set about working for these things simply through laws and movements whose object is the change of social environment, it would be a useful institution but it would cease to be a Christian Church.

The ideal for the rural church ought to be a saved soul in a saved body, living in a saved community. It is becoming clearer every day that the men and women and children in the rural districts need and want religion, and the religion they want and" need is the religion that means peace and purity and joy, the sense of God's nearness, the comfort of Christ's love, the strength that comes from spiritual

food and fellowship. They want the rural church to be a house of prayer and praise for all people, the place where divine truth seems clearer and human brotherhood dearer and heaven nearer than anywhere else in the world.

The rural church will succeed in proportion as it wins the affection, confidence, support and loyalty of the people by doing its own work, namely, that of witnessing to and for Jesus Christ. Apparent success on any other basis-especially political, financial, agricultural, educational, social or sensational-means for the rural church a living death. The rural church must be a minister to life, personal and social, and in its ministry to life it will respond to the two deepest and most universal desires of mankind, namely, the desire for peace and the desire for power. The rural church that is a witness to Jesus Christ will soon reveal the fact that the secret of social well being is the individual life and the secret of all individual life is acquaintance with God and the supreme source of acquaintance with God is Jesus Christ.

If the rural church is to be true to its primary task, it must be unflinchingly loyal to its divine commission and close to the needs that call it into existence. It must attend strictly to its own specific job. So far as it attempts to duplicate the work of other institutions, to that extent it will fail. There must be a deepening within the rural church of the conviction that it exists because man has a soul that needs to be saved and needs nurture-worship, sympathy, love, hope and the cultivation of the spiritual life. The rural church does not primarily exist to provide workshops, soup-kitchens, farm schools and medical clinics. All of these are necessary and have a very real value to the community, but this is not the need that creates the rural church. Scripture, history and experience unite in saying that the Church exists primarily to lead men to repentance, to give them faith in God, teach them high ideals, to equip them with motive power; in a word, to make them open and loyal disciples of Jesus Christ.

Through the Gospel of Christ, the rural church ought to offer every man, woman and child the abundant life that Christ came to give. If it fails to do this, it is not the Church of Jesus Christ and the people will go unsaved, unserved and unblessed. It is becoming clearer every day that the rural church that will fill a soul with the love of Christ through its services will soon discover that through such a soul the community will be served and the diseases and disorders that disturb the community will be eliminated. The rural church that makes the heart clean by its regenerating Gospel and glad by its uplifting worship will do more to bring the Kingdom of God into the neighborhood than many free lectures, free concerts and free lunches.

"No improvement of environment," says the Rev. Paul Douglas

THE REAL JOB OF THE RURAL CHURCH

in his book, "The New Home Missions," "will make the human soul commensurate with its largest visions. In its profoundest reaches life will ever need a redeeming touch deeper than. any social ministry. There are many things and they are mostly fundamental which law and education cannot do because they are weak through the flesh. "

There is always a danger that the rural church under the pressure of its immediate and urgent needs will forget the Master's fundamental teachings respecting the application of His Gospel to men. Make the heart right and then righteousness will abound. "Oleanse first that which is within the cup." .Put love into the breast and then it will shine in the eye, speak from the lips and work through the hands. The feet will run on errands of mercy if the soul is merciful. The rural church, like the Apostle Paul, must "become all things to all men" that it "may by all means save some." (1 Cor. 9: 22.) It is with this motive that the rural church should worship and work. It is not to please men but to save men that its program should be projected, not to win their favor and applause but to win their souls. This is the 'first great objective of all the work of the rural church. It is evident from the teaching of the New Testament that the supreme desire and effort of tlie rural church should be the conversion of men. That is its real job, this not as an after-result to be attained by method of gradual approach but as its direct goal and its immediate objective. The Gospel of Christ begins at the right end. Convert a man, a family, a tribe first; educate, cultivate, stimulate afterwards. Was this not exactly what Christ Himself meant when he IT, said: "Seek ye first the kingdom of God, and his righteousness; and all these things shall be added unto you (Matthew 6: 33.) Whenever conversion is genuinely Christian it will be followed by thoroughgoing changes of habits and conduct and, manner. These are the "things that accompany salvation." History shows that where an individual or a family or a tribe has been brought to a saving belief in Christ the result is never mere salvation in the sense of an inner change of heart and such an outward change of life as affects only the clearly moral relations and practices. There always follows a rapid succession of changes more or less radical in every sphere of His life and thought, changes which not seldom make a deeper impression upon the minds of an observing world than the essential spiritual change which is the source of it.

The new birth is the basis of all moral progress and enlightenment, the first necessary step toward every good, whether personal or public, whether social or political, commercial or religious. Christianity seeks to regenerate the heart and thus transform character and ultimately the community. Whoever has experienced this spiritual transformation of change of heart-whoever has been vitally renewed in motive and aspiration by the power of Christ is counted a

citizen of the Heavenly Kingdom, a genuine product of saving grace even though his outward circumstances have not yet felt the full effect of that change.

When the rural church is true to her commission she will aim always and only at one result, spiritual regeneration. But this re- suit will affect all the rest of human life. There is no part of life so material, so secular or so superficial but is modified and influenced by the regenerating power of the Gospel of Jesus Christ.

The right kind of a church for the rural life is one which, how- ever simple in its worship, however small in its membership, is mani- festly filled with the spirit of Christ, which is always the spirit of service, sacrifice and love. The rural church must seek to make every one who enters it feel at once-"these people are glad to be Chris- tians and glad to have me with them, and truly it is good to be here." Such a church will survive and in the best sense of the word will succeed.

To s'um up, we affirm, first, that the real job of the rural church when true to her commission, as given by Jesus Christ and described in the New Testament, is that of witnessing to and for Jesus Christ; second, that the content of this witness is at least fivefold: (1) To witness to the saving power of Jesus Christ-evangelism. (2) To witness to the developing power of Christ-education. (3) To witness to the healing power of Christ-medical service. (4) To witness to the transforming power of Christ-character-build- ing. (5) To witness to the reconstructing power of Christ-community- building.

Let the rural church trust God and believe in the value of the human soul and let this' faith send her forth with the glad message, "Whosoever shall call on the name of the Lord shall be saved." Yes, "whosoever," irrespective of doctrines, creeds and sacraments i "whosoever shall call"-albeit ignorantly, feebly, foolishly-the call and not the manner of it being the sale condition-"Whosoever shall call shall be saved." Let heragain sound forth in every village of our land the Gospel of Christ in terms of its democracy: "Whosoever will may come," and the rural church will soon convince the people that it is a supreme necessity in human life. Let the rural church speak the gospel of good cheer as the Master did, not to the farmer but to the man who farms, not to the workingman but to the man who works, and it will win its way into the hearts and homes of the people. Let the rural church in the name of Christ offer a program that is as deep as human nature and as wide as human need and it will be what it was intended to be, "The Body of Christ"-not an end in itself but a means to an end, not an institution to be built up out of the community, but an instrument for building up the community in thtl truth, in the life and Spirit of Christ.

Adventure in Rural

BY REV. MALCOLM DAriA, D.D., NEW YORK CITY Director, Town and Country Department, Congregatiunal Church Extension Boards PHILLIPS Brooks once said that "being a minister is fun." The average rural minister would doubtless be inclined' to make some mental reservations before admitting the truth of that statement. He would not, however, deny that the rural min- istry offers adventure, and, as to its being fun, a man makes his ministry a lugubrious or happy experience by what he puts into it.

n is the minister who conditions the success of any work. It is quite – frequently said, "Make the jobs big enough and men will go into the rural ministry." There is a good deal of truth in the statement. But after all, the need is everywhere for men who will go into the country and create their own jobs and make them truly big. Someone has said: "Many a church is languishing for a big task." 'L"rue! The churches are ready and waiting to be chal- lenged.

'L'he first man who comes to my mind is Wilbur I. Bull, recently of Ashland, Me., and now gone to an- other part of the same state to re- peat himself. When I first saw him he was something of a curiosity to me, for he is one of very few men WILBUR 1. BULL OF MAINE with whom I am acquainted who ac- tually prepared for the ntml ministry. The Ashland region is some- what remote, in Aroostook Co unty, famous for its seed potatoes, and only fifty miles south of the Canadian border. Wilbur Bull went there thirteen years ago and has been eternally at it ever since. He is more than a preacher. He made himself an "institu- tion" all over the country. Until 1922 there was a region of perhaps two hundred and fifty square miles with only a Catholic priest, now and then an Episcopal minister, and Mr. Bull himself, as resident pastors. Of course, to the shame of Protestantism, where the open country is neglected by the Church, all sorts of "bootleg cults"

thrive. The region had its share. For years this sky-pilot of the Aroostook had been cherishing visions of bigger things commen- S09

surate with the needs and opportunity. But he worked while he dreamed, and "spread himself" in a really wonderful way. I am glad that I was allowed the privilege of helping to promote the really big thing that is up there now.

Aaron Sapiro had come in to the county to organize the potato growers. I heard him speak to a thousand farmers over at Caribou. If he had only substituted church or religion for every mention of sun-kissed oranges, prunes, tobacco, etc.-industries he has organized-it would have been the best description I have ever heard given of a much-needed rural church technic. We tried the same arguments for cooperation and pooling of interests in religion that he did with potatoes. And it went across. Ashland is the only place large enough to support a minister of its own. The three other little vil· lages, and the eight or ten school districts, have never had the high 0«/ACIf; PASnlRAL la-.-~ ~ ~ IIERIA'I1ONAL DEMRJM:In' ".~ _ _ _ aIIIIIIS – – – _a:HDIU -……. ………… M.8.~1IIC'mR- ~S£IM:ES 1I_IIIRl-_ OLL _ -.-.-…–_':r~ –M_OI_ 'IIIIA.!IlIIMVCIIEISIU lWIIIRlRMK IllCAllIIIMIIIIJIIIII, –..~ …S..C..T- .-.1.H..iI.'I.I.D- .t, ATIlCI1R1t1S. BIBLI_II UIIII MIIEH &LiIGrr ——"""""'" lWUIIiI!IIiM CIllRJtll,A LDfIIII SIIIW:t _'l'llllt'RAMB _~IIIMCI sams nTDXY awiIIl JlIS'PlRAL IIlMIIlIMllIOHS 'RAIlIDLESSOIIS atR~~ltll OWAI"llMf'U.

THE PROGRAM AND STAFF OF THE LARGER PARISH, ASHLAND, MAINE

RELIGIOUS ADVENTURE IN RURAL AMERIOA

SUPT. W. 1. BULL THE LARGER PARISH COUNCIL OF THE AROOSTOOK CHURCH grade ministry needed tQ get results. They are too poor, and, as in potatoes, they have never learned the game of cooperation. Mr. Bull gathered together a group of us men who had been to college, and who had not forgotten the stunts we put on there, and we visited some thirteen points-usually farm houses- where we had afternoon games, a big supper, and then a good time" saying our pieces." ,life really evolved a first-class vaudeville troupe before we had done. Better still, we "sold" them the idea of the .Aroostook Larger Parish. Each cooperating unit sent in a delegate to discuss possibilities, and pool resources.

In 1921 they had only Mr. Bull. The illustrations show the Larger Parish and the Program which were there by 1924. The Parish Council still functions. It meets every six weeks and the people themselves make the plans used in Aroostook, a "practice of pure democracy in religion" that should obtain everywhere. The staff included three men, all college trained, and two of them seminary graduates. The finest departmentized work I know of anywhere is being wrought out. Results of such work cannot be tabulated. Sapiro told the farmers never to let a potato get out of the region without the name Aroostook appearing somewhere, so that when people said potato folks would think Aroostook, and when .Aroostook was mentioned folks would think potatoes. So we conjured with the· name Aroostook to develop a community spirit co-extensive with the entire parish of two hundred and fifty square miles. Town and country antagonisms, village jealousies, and neighborhood feuds exist pretty much everywhere in rural America. They are forgotten up in .Aroostook. The Council, the ministers, the equipment, belong

to everyone, and all boost for the thing as a whole. Dean Bosworth defines the Kingdom of God as "a society of friendly folks. " The Kingdom is coming throughout the Larger Parish. On the vorst possible Sunday for the purpose, in 1924, sixty men (not women) got on their snowshoes, skiis, sleds and horses and canvassed' for the annual budget. They raised $3,100 in cash and pledges against $1,800 the year before, and despite the fact that potatoes were not selling for enough to pay for the fertilizers used in raising them.

One of the most serious tasks facing America today is the maintain- ing of a high grade population upon the soil. Rural religion and the Church have much t.o ~o with it. BothaL'e functionillg suc~~s- fully in Aroostook. .' , . ' . " . … " ' C ( Now take a long leap out to Colorado: About two hundred and fifty miles west of Denver, tventy- six miles from the nearest rail- road station, and six thousand feet up in the air, is Plateau Val- ley or "the Hidden Arcadia of the West." vVhy do men covet city parishes hemmed in by ugly build- ings, buried in smoke, with no sky- line or far glimpses of God's open ~ Consider what is in this little valley. To the north, running east and west for miles, are the Battle- ment Mesa oil-shale hills. rfo the A RURAL PARISH IN COLORADO south is Grand Mesa rising four- teen thousand feet into the air and snow crowned most of the year. Through the fertile valley runs the Plateau Creek, rising eight thousand feet up in the mountains to the east, fed by melting snows all along its eighteen-mile course, and giv- ing perfect irrigation privileges on every side. Alfalfa is the chief industry of the Valley to feed the fifty-five thousand cattle grazing on the Battlement Mesa National Range. Forty-five hundred people live in the four little villages, and "the neighborhoods" scattered through the hills. Two thousand of these are young people, six hun- dred of them being school children. Six churches have been minister- ing religiously to these people for some thirty years.

An old college friend first invited me to come into the valley.

James F. Walker, called the "Sky-pilot of the Rockies" had, like Bull, of Ashland, been doing pioneer work there. He also had dreamed of what might some day be made to be. Walker is a man's man, as well as a man of God, and had done most all of the ,things the local inhabitants have ever attempted-except to "sit Mc- Oarthy's mule. " Next, I think of 'William D. Barnes, who came after.

R.EL:tGtOUS ADVENTURE lN RuRAL AMER1CA

BUS SERVICE FOR A DAILY VACATION BIBLE SCHOOL IN COLORADO He was of a different type but, as the cowboys put it, "a he-man and a regular feller." I heard Barnes tell the kind of minister required in the Rockies. He said, "The cowboys always suspect a streak of yellow in a preacher. There was one man I simply could not get next to. I finally concluded that to win him I must put on the gloves with him. So, one night, we drew the chairs in the little church, donned the mitts and went at it. He was a better boxer than I was but I managed to get in a few punches for the glory of the IJord. Both of us were rather soft, and at the end of fifteen minutes my opponent suggested that we had had enough. He has been my best friend ever since. A few days later the cowboys told me that I was expected to ride a wild steer at a rodeo. I wondered how the Lord would get me out of that fix. He did it. On· Saturday afternoon I' was playing ball with the Scouts and sliding in On the home plate 🙁 ,broke my leg-and thus saved my neck."

The people were prosperous at the time of my first visit to the Valley but had no money for religious enterprises. The latter simply did not register, and the church was not considered a "going concern." Just as it is ·most everywhere in rural America the methods of the church were not comparable to those on ranch and farm- and so were not respected. Not one tenth of either the old folks or the young folks were in any way connected with the churches and Sunday-schools. And yet, people buy what they want now-adays! Our job was to put up something in the name of religion that these people did want. And it was done. The church at the center, Collbran, had been talking a $5000 investment in that anathema of church building possibilities-a cement basement under the wee 3

church. Folks were languishing for a bigger job than that! Realizing that "the needs of the community must be the law of the church" we began to study, tabulate and vision those needs. Finally a $20,000 Community House, with eVenT facility of a modern Y. M. C. A. building, a seven-day-a-week religio-social program, and a multiple ministry, was proposed. The ranchers could not afford to hire "hands" and parents wanted to hold their children on the farms. We suggested that people who went over the top in Liberty Loans and War Drives of every sort for children overseas might do the same by those children spared and returned to them. The people decided that" the best is none too good for us" and went to it. And the thing was done. Due partly to an "inferiority complex" country folks often say, "It is part of the fate of living in the country that we cannot have the alluring attractions and conveniences of the larger centers." This was utterly disproved. Look at the Community House, bought by the entire Valley, owned and administered by its representatives. They have every club in Plateau Valley that exists anywhere, except a policemen's club, which they do not need. The peopie have gotten religion enough so that bootlegging is not tolerated as "fashionable" and "smart" but is dealt with in true western style. There is a Plateau Valley Larger Parish now! The things enjoyed at the center are taken to the far circumferences of the parish. One minister cares particularly for Collbran village and its community house activities. The other is big brother to everyone outside. "Fords" and a Reo speed wagon, with movies, library books, athletic supplies, etc., visit some eight outstations. When summer comes, the children are brought in to the Daily Vacation Bible School held at the big plant. Other such schools are held at different points in the Valley. Those 'who prefer to come in to the center for church and Sunday-school are also brought in the year round.

A regular circuit of preaching appointments, Sunday-schools, social occasions, children's hours, parish visitations, is maintained, and summer student work done during the summer months. Music, and even Bibles, have been introduced in some of the school districts that request them.

Once again, the story cannot be told in figures, although every good activity has doubled and trebled its patronage. The proof of the worth-whileness of this religious adventure is the changed social f1nd religious atmosphere throughout the entire Valley. Everyhody is getting to know everybody else and all that believe are working together. There is an entirely new attitude toward religion and the church. I,n the beginning five organizations competed more or less. They represented four different sects. Now four of the churches have entered the "big drive" forgetful of their particular brand of religion and content to be really Christian. The

RELIGIOUS ADVENTURE IN RURAL AMERICA

cowboys will get on their broncos when the Sunday for the every m~mber canvass comes round, and will visit every home in the Parish. They will return with the Valley's share of the budget raised; including the" apportionment" and the refund to the Church Building Society which has helped them so generously. They do not throng the churches yet. Not many have entered the ministry. But they say it is "fun." Religion and the church are beginning to "hit us where we live."

For the next successful parish, church and minister, let us drop back eastward to the sand-hills of Nebraska. At Hyannis, on the Burlington Line running from Lincoln to Billings, Mont., lives as fine a put-up minister as anyone wants to see, Ernest Larson: He is at work single-handed, but with the help of "Lizzie" Ford, he is YOUNG PEOPLE'S COi-rI'ERENCE IN THE BLACK HILLS covering miles of territory in his ministry a~d getting a real kick out of it. One risks life and limb to run an automobile out in the Rockies. The test in the sand-hills is one's temper and vocabulary. The roads are sand, inches deep. Your machine smokes and balks on a very slight rise, and you must set your wheel some little time before you negotiate the turns in the serpentine trails winding through the clefts in the hills. But there are folks to be reached in the sand-hills, and Larson goes after them. Every rural minister has his ordinary work to do, the ordinary things that must be done well to be successful. He can afford to find effective specialties. [,arson is a young people's man. In the summers, when schools close, the young folks all go back from the little villages along the railroad to work on the ranches scattered everywhere. That spells Larson's job. He goes after them, visits them on the ranches (get-

ting his board and lodging free for weeks at a time), pitches-in and helps in the farm work if necessary, and all the time he is busy promoting open country activities of social, athletic and religious sorts_ And such farmstead visitation pays, proving that a house-going minister makes a church-going parish.. When the schools open in the fall the churches Larson ministers to all fill up as a matter of course. The young people take their places at church and Sundayschool, in the Christian Endeavor and in the choir. It is the correct thing to do, the thing people like to do. The only trouble is that Larson ought to be twins or triplets. He does not spend his time lamenting or bemoaning what he is not, however, but he uses what he is fast and furiously_ The church at Hyannis is a successful one_ The parish is. It is a cattle country where folks are busy raising stock. Larson is bettering humans, and the people know it. They are for him.

If you want to look in on another real man of God, take the train at Hyannis and ride north and westward for a few hours, over the South Dakota line, to Edgemont. Alan M. Fairbank lives there, of the famous foreign missionary Fairbank family. Alan wanted to be a foreign missionary but is proving a real missionary in the homeland. It is rather interesting to note that in picking our successful churches thus far, and with no such intention, every minister we have taken as an example has been ambitious to serve over an area as well as a church. Some rural ministers have small ideas of their job, thinking of themselves as called to one church, one people and one little place. That is their idea of "parish" and, "community." It is not the idea of the successful ministers, as I know them. Alan Fairbank is bound that the Lord's business shall match "big business." Like the foreign missionary he thinks of himself as sent to take large stretches of country in the name of the Most High. As far out as business solicits trade from IDdgemont so far out he considers that the church owes pastoral oversight and religious fellowship. And he is no less a man of God because he is many more kinds of a man than one-a social engineer, a local statesman and a community builder. Alan Fairbank has been building a church, i.e., getting his people to do it. A local man drew the plans, the people had sand-hauling bees, brick-making bees, and lots of other kinds. They got three dollars for everyone invested. Later on, as there was no public hall in town, the church was put at the service of the community. The church in the country has a large social mission it cannot evade. The Edgemont church is a successful one most largely because its young minister is interested in every side of the community life.

Now we will take the train for northern Minnesota where I had heard of a minister with another specialty. I wanted to see what it really amounted to. The man's name is J. C. Cadwell. This

RELIGIOUS ADVENTURE IN RURAL AMERICA li17

rural minister believes that it is part of his work to help keep the boys and girls on the farms. I heard Cadwell give a novel sermon. The occasion was a Sunday meeting of a farm club, the church was a barn, the pulpit was a stall, and the text was a young calf. The substance of the sermon was something like this: "It pays financially to raise registered stock. This calf is worth only ten dollarii1 on the market because its registry is known only on one side. Were both parents known, it would probably bring seventy-five dollars. God Almighty does not want 'scrubs' in your herds. More than that, he desires only pllre-breds in your families."

This reminds me of a letter from a successful young minister down in the Ozarks-a returned soldier and a real man. He is building what might be termed a church over a region, as well as local ones. He has some novel ideas of pastoral duty. "The outstanding thing we have accomplished in eight months has been the getting of an agricultural program under way. There is an agricultural committee of the Carter County Chamber of Commerce but it has no program. I pleaded for one and they made me a member of the committee and its secretary. We have things well under way by which three counties will have the use of a county agent. Twice we have had a poultry expert spend a week in the county. It has resulted in having a number of hen houses built and others will be built soon. December 11 we took two auto loads of men and women to Mountain Grove to visit the Poultry Experiment Station. Now we are trying to create an interest in the growing of strawberries. Most of the people here have no vision of what can be done in these hills. If any forward progress is to be made socially, materially, spiritually and educationally, we must find new ways for these people to earn money. This we are trying to do."

The church, like almost every other good thing, is supported by profits. If there are no profits the people cannot have lithe worthwhile things of life." Fred Wangelin is making his people economically so that life, and life more abundantly, can be supported. He is preaching all the time by what he is in the midst. The people are more than ready to listen to him when he takes a text and speaks to them out of the Bible during services of worship.

If religion is a .life rather than a creed, these ministers and churches are promoting it by serving their communities in every kind of helpful way, and in the Master's name. I must close with a word about Hilda I ves. She is not ordained, but she can preach. A member of one of the largest churches in New England, she came to feel that she was not getting or giving much by religion manifested there. She craved actually working in Christ's name. She must' have heard of John Frederick Oberlin. She wanted a hard job, or as he put it, "no easy parish, but a work no one else would do, which would not be done unless he did it. " She began work with

a church long closed, a people scattered, poor but proud. They needed a minister and they got one. Hilda I ves is beloved through- out the entire region and her story has gone all through New England. I have heard her tell it. And the strange thing is that although she is not a trained minister she has arrived at the best possible rural minister's method and technic. In Christ's name always, she has gone about doing anything and everything needing to be done for every last man, woman and child amongst the hills.

I have come across a large number of laymen, even college students, who are serving rural communities far better than ordained min- isters. The reason is not hard to guess. They are not trained to think that certain things are ministerial, or belong to the ministry, but are ready to do any last thing that appears to be needed for the welfare of the people about them. Let me close this article by quoting from Hilda lves. She was as successful in her ministry and her" church amongst the hills," as any church or minister that I know about.

A minister who has won by a spirit of Christian friendliness and love the confidence and heart of his farmer friends, can point the way to financial gain and economic team work. For the past year and a half, I have been minister of a little church in a town of five hundred people, children counted and included. Nine miles from markets, with farms rocky and none too fertile, the farmers had wrenched from the soil a bare living. There had been no money to keep the farm buildings in repair. Investment in modern machinery had been out of the question. Every man was going it alone, and pretty severe going it was. Proud, self-respecting and of amazing endurance were these people, but they needed help. I announced that on every Sunday afternoon, after the three services of the day, I would collect for the whole· sale markets of the city in which I lived, sixty-two miles away, any surplus crops that my parishioners might have. Certain church members, fortunately very few in number, were distressed by the announcement. They had never really believed that Christ wanted them to take the ox out of the pit on Sunday, for fear that it might disturb the rather rigid worship of their day of church services, and the "Thou shalt not" atmosphere of their homes. In making this comment, I would not in any way belittle a passionate devotion to a Sabbath of quietness, rest and meditation. So every Sunday afternoon my F:ord sedan never failed to be crammed to its creaky top. A typical load might be: apples, potatoes, beets, eggs, chickens, cottage cheese, a braided rug. Or again, I would find beets, lettuce, eggs, preserved raspberries and a rooster with its feathers still on. Checks for sixty cents, a dollar twenty-nine, four dollars and sixty-three cents, or sometimes as high as thirteen or twenty dollars, I bro)lght back from the sale of the produce. I found Christian wholesale and retail dealers who were glad to help those who were having a hard time in life, and I asked it of them as a distinct Christian service. I found the need of small loans a real financial problem. Fifty dollars for seeds and fertilizers or supplies might be the means of much gain, but the farmer did not want the loan at the price of mortgaging his farm. Loans were secured of Christian friends who had means, on my assurance of worthy character, who desired to ease such burdens in Christ's name. A lily pond in the town was next capitalized by selling the lilies at city florists' shops for twenty-five cents a dozen. One young couple earned sixteen dollars in this way. Another young woman who

RELIGIOUS ADVENTURE IN RURAL AMERIOA

had been deserted by her husband immediately after her marriage, and who was ill from worry, derives twenty-two dollars from her aster bed. This she used for her little boy's education. The making of both hooked and braided rugs was established, and the preserving of blueberries, raspberries and other fruits was encouraged.

Health conditions in the town were deplorable. Early diagnosis of disease and preventive health work did not exist. In one lonely farm house, with six windows open to the winds, I found a woman who had had six bones of her ankle broken. Seven years had passed and the bones had never been set. I took her at once to an eminent physician, who did not advise the rebreaking of the distorted' bones because of her age. The day must soon come when Christianity will be so alive in the hearts of jealous, passionate followers of Christ, that such human lives and their need cannot be overlooked. There were many cases of cancer, and some were way beyond surgicalor medical aid. One doctor said, "I have never served the church as I should. Bring to me any patients who need me, and I will gladly give my services and procure free beds at the hospitals, and x-ray pictures if necessary, as my contribution to Christ's work in your town."

A traveling dental clinic was brought to town and set up in one of the rural schoolhouses. The mouths of thirty-nine children were put in perfect condition. Most of the children knew no more about a dentist than they did about an alienist. The result was a joyful clinic. The children took delight in the whirr of the machines, the mixing of fillings, and the variation of square and round holes in their little teeth. It was a living demonstration of the power of the mind to create pain and apprehension where they should not exist. All the extractions were saved for the morning. Forty-nine teeth in quick succession were antiseptically removed, amid an interested group of mothers and children. No estimate can be made of the amount of good accomplished by such a far-reaching health measure for these little children. One little tot four years old had ten fillings in her baby teeth, while one family, with no mentality and accustomed to very raw food, had hardly a cavity in their teeth. No money had been in that home for sweets, with good results. A fear of hospitals exists in the country, because no one goes to a hospital until disease is so severe that death generally occurs. Death is then attributed to the hospital, instead of to neglect. Quack doctors are resorted to in superstitious ignorance. All our health work was done in Christ's name. Patients were prayed for at all services, as well as their doctors and nurses. Christ as the great physician, with the healing touch of love, lived in that village, and as a physician, many first followed him and came to His house of prayer. So did men come to Him in days of old.

r have given an account of a very few among the many ministers and churches r happen to know about which are really successful- and also a story of "Religious Adventure in Rural America." And it is high time that religion did adventure some in the name of the Jfost High! The ministers cited are successful because they are fwerlastingly going about doing good and are in the midst as those who serve. Their churches are successful because they are really serving-serving all of the people, all of their interests, and all the time. It is this kind of minister and church that rural America needs to bring in the Kingdom of God.

Qualifications of the Country

BY REV. C. M. McCONNELL, CmCAGO, ILLINOIS Board of Home Missions and Church Extension, Methodist Episcopal Church T HE country church is simply the church in the open country, or in the village or town of twenty-five hundred people. 1'here is nothing peculiar about it, and it is not in a class by itself. Farmers are just folk who live and work in the country and till the soil. In all essential things, they are like other folk.

The country preacher, therefore, is a preacher who is the pastor of one or more of these churches in open country, village or town. He is called upon to preach, conduct funerals, perform marriage ceremonies, call upon the people and minister to the community in a wide variety of activities. In summing up the qualifications of a country preacher, we must keep these general considerations in mind. We take these for granted and will simply call attention to some special features which stand out in the qualifications of the country preacher.

In the small town and open country community, life is lived in full view of all. It is like a clear running brook, with the pebbles on the bottom plainly visible.. Daily papers are not necessary to spread the local news of the day's events, for the back yard radio is always operating. The so.:called private life of the preacher is public property and his life is read by all. The preacher. cannot step out of his character as a preacher and do and say things as a detached person. If his work is to count, he must, therefore, be of good character. His goodness cannot be purely conventional but must be genuine. "He reminds me of God," was the remark of a neighbor about a preacher in a village.

The man who lives his life in a small community where life is open and intimate must not be only good but have a certain attractive goodness. Some righteous folks are so repellent and hard that their influence is positively against the church. They keep the letter of the law and it is the letter that killeth. "How do you like the preacher~" is a common query in the country. This has a great deal of meaning. Back of this is the question of the attractiveness of the personality of the preacher. Austere, repellent characteristics may be endured once a week, but they are not relished as a steady diet.

"He is a live wire" is a common remark about a certain type of country minister. The country is alive, .and growing things abound. There is no place in this environment for "dead ones." A certain vitality or alertness is necessary if one is to succeed ill the country as a preacher. One needs to be alive and responsive to 520 nature. The great human interests of the community need to be recognized and taken into account. A dull, listless individual who does not respond to the life of a country community will not accom- plish much. The opportunities for service generally come to those who are alive and alert. Perhaps this is what Jesus had in mind when he said "He that hath ears to hear, let him hear." In a still larger sense it was what Jesus meant when He said "I am come that they might have life and that they might have it more abundantly."

In the country, with all its natural life, there are apt to be many dull, uninteresting lives. A vigorous, full living, alert, forceful person- ality can infuse life into one of these dying communities.

The country preacher should be an idealist. He needs power to see green grass in a brown, barren field, or a wholesome life in a dull, unpromising clod of a person. In a community which is reeking with gossip, sordid with a slavery tothings-{lows, pigs, chickens and barnyard smells-one needs to have ability to idealize the reality. There is a reality in the country which cannot be escaped in person but only in imagination. If a man is borne down and overcome by these realistic surroundings in the country, he will have little happiness and satisfaction in his ministry. It will be difficult for him to stay in the country unless he can idealize some of the stern realities. , In one of the ancient ceremonies by which candidates for the priesthood were tested, there was a custom of asking each candidate the question "Art thou a human being?" This should be asked every candidate for the country ministry. Unless he is human enough to attend a public sale and discuss the good points of a cow with a farmer he will be out of place in th~ country. If a ball game on the back pasture between two teams from the rival crossroads annoys him, he would better move to a more populous center where he can hide in the crowd. If he preaches in the country he must live with and among the people.

In all of this, he will not forget his task of preaching, .if he is a real country preacher. There are some who can preach only to crowds. They must have the thrill of a big audience. A few empty pews seem to cool off. their oratorical heat. To the average country church, there comes a small group of people-some old, others young. They come from hard, physical toil, weary with early. rising and long hours of wrestling with nature. Mother Nature exacts a heavy toll of muscle and brain. To interpret the Gospel of Christ to such a group is no easy task. Any wordy blacksmith with a gift of bellowing lungs can make an impression on a few easily stirred souls, but only a Christian interpreter can really preach.

Into this realistic situation, the preacher must bring idealism.

From the slavery of things, the preacher must bring release. The great natural forces which operate in the natural world must be

interpreted to those who work with them. In all of this, the preacher must make clear the message of Jesus to farm folk. Jesus taught in the synagogues of the Jews and preached on the hillsides to a handful of fishermen, farmers and shepherds. He knew their language and their manner of life. Jesus was the ideal country preacher.

The preacher who lives in a country community moves among men, women and children as no other man. He has their confidence and carries the keys to the homes and institutions of the community. In this, he can render a great service as a man of brotherhood and good will. He will find feuds, factions, racial hatreds, property and class distinctions and a wide range of interests, many of which are antagonistic. Wherever he goes, he can carry peace and harmony and good will. In some instances, he is perhaps the only one who can perform this service, and, if he does, he is a rare soul doing a task which can be done only by the grace of God.

Just now we are facing a very subtle, deadening situation in regard to rural churches. Country life is not very highly valued. The farmer has been scorned and his life minimized. The country church has been despised and rejected of men. The man entering the country ministry must set himself against this purely vicious tendency. For a long time, he will have to furnish his own morale and find his rewards within his own soul. Hence, he needs a calla conviction, a settled, given determination-to serve God in the open country, in village or in town, as his field of human service. Without this, he will, for a time, run well, and then run out to a larger field of service.

Some of the characteristics we have mentioned can be acquired while others can not. The training of the country preacher differs little from that of any other minister. If he will take the long, slow processes by which other ministers are developed, he can learn most of the essential things necessary in his profession. The theory that the country preacher should be trained in an agricultural college has its supporters, but the minister is not called upon to teach agriculture to farmers, and, if he masters the use of remedies for the soul, the agricultural expert will take care of the soil. The point we are trying to make is that the minister who expects to preach in a cOl1ntry church should be as thoroughly trained as the one 'who expects to become a bishop or moderator. The technique of the country minister may differ somewhat from that of a minister in the industrial section of a large city, but, at present, there is little hope to get this technique :from any course of study in a college or theological seminary. The great fundamental principles of the ministry are necessary for success in any field of the ministry, and, once we admit that the country church is worthy of the best, we shall be able to secure a reasonable share of the best preachers.

CONDITTONS-THE MIGRANT WORKER'S

Religious Needs of Older Rural Districts BY RALPH S, ADAMS, LANSDALE, PA. Rural Church Field 'Worker, Reformed Church in the United States SOME very interesting studies of rural church conditions throughout the country have been made by denominational, in- ter-denominational and non-denominational bodies, and have aroused many from the prevailing complacency and satisfaction as to church conditions of this day. The impression was quite general that the rural areas of the" Thirteen Original Colonies" were well churched, in fact too well churched, and that no new congregations were called for in these states. That impression did not, however, prevent denominational boards from granting sustentation to competing churches within this area, mostly for the purpose of maintaining a particular denomination in that field, regardless of the real need of the people.

In a study made by the IlI1stitute of Social and Religious Research it was discovered that about 95% of the aided churches in their study within these states were in competition with churches of other Protestant denominations. Only under very exceptional circumstances could such expenditure of missionary funds be considered worthy of a Christian church, and this practice should be speedily abandoned and the funds used in fields which present a special missionary challenge.

Other surveys have emphasized this same condition and problem, and church boards are gradually making the necessary adjustments. These surveys have rendered a splendid service in this way 523

and have also revealed the fact that local congregations are failing to perform much-needed missionary services within their own communities, to areas and groups consistently neglected by church people. This phase of the Plissionary responsibility of the local congregation will be considered here rather than an attempt to locate fields for new congregations, although such need still exists.

SOME NEGLECTED AREAS 1. Unchurched communities are to be found throughout these states, enough to warrant special attention. Particularly is this true in the mountain areas where transportation is difficult, and population is sparse and impoverished. Nevertheless these people have souls and deserve the gospel message. The church that will support a religious program in one of these isolated communities, even though there is no hope of the congregation ever becoming se1£- supporting, will perform a service more in harmony with Christ's teaching and example than by supporting a competitive church. In the coal fields of the Appalachian Mountains are numerous unchurched communities of coal miners and their families. Because most of these people are aliens, the Protestant churches have too often assumed that they are of the Catholic faith. But recent investigations have revealed the fact that many were members of a Protestant church in Europe, but are not provided with Protestant services in "The Land of Promise." Some inter-denominational effort should be made to locate these neglected communities in the eastern states, and to agree upon a constructive missionary program of occupation.

2. Neglected areas within the community represent one of the most common mission fields in the East. The over-churched community-and most of our communities in the East are over-churched -usually has a center of concentration of church buildings in the village or town, or on the good roads leading to this town. The respective parishes of these churches overlap to a great extent and no one church assumes the entire responsibility. All are rather sensitive to the accusation of proselyting for members, therefore, the parish boundaries are pretty well understood. All the parishes include the community center and much of the richest farm land as their legitimate field for "enlisting membership "-the service idea is either lacking or decidedly in the background. Each may include some territory in the community not occupied by any other parish, but there is no systematic effort to assign all the territory to one or other of the churches. Consequently there are areas along the outer edges of the community, in the foothills or on the mountain slopes in mountainous areas, for wJ1ich no church claims a responsibility. These areas frequently are occupied by poorer families not able to pay much toward the support of the church. This condition is one product of denominational competition.

RELIGIOUS NEEDS OF OLDER RURAL DISTRICTS

The responsibility of a church is for the entire community, and it must be actively concerned with the welfare and problems of all people within that community. If this causes denominational friction, it is high time that ~1I concerned allow the spirit of Christ to prevail, and that some agreement of cooperation and consolidation be made so as to promote the welfare of the community rather than to advance anyone denomination.

3. Rural areas surrounding cities and lawns present a challenging missionary problem. The inhabitants of these rural areas in increasing numbers are employed in city industries and occupations, and many attend city churches. As a consequence, the country churches lose considerable of their membership and support until finally many are forced to close their doors. If all the people of these areas would transfer their membership to the city churches, and if the city or town churches in turn would assume the pastoral responsibility and spiritual oversight of these neighboring rural areas, they would not be neglected. But, unfortunately, the city pastor does not assume responsibility for the people in these areas, and many of the older families do not transfer their membership to the city church. The result is that the spiritual life in these surrounding rural areas is at a very low ebb. This is the area frequently where road-houses and other vice dens spring up to cater to the less scrupulous inhabitants of the nearby city. This situation prevails about most cities and large towns throughout the East; only a few city churches have begun to recognrze their rural responsibility.

SOME NEGLECTED GROUPS.

In the rural studies of the Interchurch World Movement, continued by the Institute of Social and Religious Research, it was discovered that only 16% of the town and country population of the United States are church members, and that 28% of these are either inactive or non-resident. There are areas of course within the Eastern states where such figures do not apply, but church people have been too willing in the past to assume that a much larger number of the citizens of their own communities are connected with some church than is actually the case. House-to-house surveys in many of our Eastern communities have revealed startling conditions of unchurched families and individuals, and life-long residents of communities were amazed to learn the large numbers of such within their midst. Fortunately, these studies also revealed the neglected groups within the community so that the churches have the facts clearly before them, which facts are necessary for the organization of a constructive home missions program. These groups are listed below in order that you may test the situation within your own community.

1. Alien gronps :-In this day of .organized hatred, even in the

name of the Church, it is not surprising that alien groups within our communities are neglected. Reference has been made to the aliens in mining communities. ·While they could well be included here also, special reference is made here to the large number of alien families engaged in business in the villages, and to the increasing number of alien farmers. It is apparently easier for some to con- tribute to the support of missions than to extend a welcoming hand to the alien within their own community. Usually" foreigners" are not wanted as neighbors, or in our church or social functions. But we expect them to! mend our shoes, clean our clothes, dig our ditches and build our buildings. The result is an alien settlement in 0UI'

midst, out of harmony with our American customs and laws, and resentful of the treatment received. The foreigner may become a bootlegger or a law- breaker of some other stamp, but in our eyes he b e com e s unsocial and, therefore, "cannot . become Americanized and assimilated."

Does such an atti- tude stand the test of Ohristianity~ Alt, no.

We must put aside our prejudices and give him and his wife and INTERIOR OF MIGRANT'S HOME his children a chance.

Our forefathers too were "foreigners," but they did not become Americanized by such treatment. One third of the alien population of the United States is found in rural America, so that the problem of this group needs consideration.

2. The t enant farmer :-Over 38% of all farmers in the United States are tenant farmers, and the proportion is increasing. Have you welcomed the tenant farmers of your community into the church and made them feel at home T If not, the chances are they are not attending church. If we allow poverty and lack of good clothes to stand in the way of extending to them the blessings of the Church of Jesus Christ, we are not deserving of the name Ohristian.

3. Su,rnrner popu,lation :-This group presents a problem in the mountain, lake and river resorts-a problem which fewcountrv churches located in those areas have successfully solved. .

4. Migrant work ers :-'L'here are many thousands of these workers engaged for only a few months in the summer time to harvest fruit and vegetables and to help operate the canneries in the Atlantic states. Entire families leave their homes for these harvest fields,

RELIGIOUS NEEDS OF 'OLDER RURAL DISTRICTS

and live in shacks or barns under very unsanitary and often unfavorable moral conditions. The men, women and older children work in the fields or factories, and the younger children are largely neglected. Most of these workers are aliens or Negroes, and are generally not received into the community life by social or religious organizations. An Eastern state agricultural extension director replied to my inquiry as to whether or not these people present a menace to the communities in which they work, that the communities are rather a menace to these migrant families, with their intolerant and unsocial treatment of these workers. This conclusion is quite general among students of migrant groups, and places a considerable indictment upon our rural churches.

5. Rtlml youth:-iVith great regret I refrain from discussing t his much-neglected group in the country. The foregoing groups represent a considerable challenge in many rural communities, but this group is present in every rural community, and the writer has yet to find one where the churches are d 0 i n g what they can and ought to do for their youth. In a study of THE nAY NURSERY HELPS MOTHERS AND BABIES the rural churches of fifty-three counties, Dr. Paul Douglass, of the Institute of Social and Religious Research, found that only 5.3% of these churches had any organization for girls, other than Sundayschool, and only 3..7'}'o had an organi<zation for boys. And yet our boys and girls are the greatest asset the country produces! In his book, "How Shall Country Youth be Served ~," Dr. Douglass says: "The conclusion of the rural studies of the Institute is 'the greatest untouched field of Christian effort in rural America is the work for boys and girls.''' Think this over and apply it to your church and your community.

WHAT SHALL WE Do ABOUT IT?

The writer ventures to suggest a few things which the local rural congregation can do now to serve the neglected areas and groups in your community, and to undertake a real program of home missionary endeavor. This can be done through your missionary society, your organized church school classes, young people's organizations, or all working together, in cooperation with similar groups from other churches, if such cooperation is possible.

The city church can serve the rural areas surrounding the city by increasing the staff of workeTS to supplement the efforts of the pastor, and launching the program of survey, study, visitation and organization of these neglected areas. Volunteer workers could do this with less expense and with perhaps greater benefit to the volun- teers. The country church could send out service teams regularly to remote areas in the community or in the mountains, to conduct Sunday-school services, for visitation, to direct the social and recre- ational life of these people, to teach English and Americanization lessons to aliens, and generally to establish R'bond of friendship be- tween these people ·and the church and commttriity.

You can challenge the poor families to membership even though they can support the church but little; you can organize auto squads to transport them to services and 0 the r church functions, or you can hire the school bus on Sunday for such service. Some country churches h a V e pur- chased the i row n busses for this purpose and by th~s method· have very effectively extended their service and their influence.

You can welcome DRAMATIZING THE STORY OF MIRIAM AND MOSES the newcomer in the community, w h e the r alien or tenant, by means of a church or community reception, visi- tation and general friendliness. You can assist in Daily Vacation Bible School for the children of migrant families in your commu- nity, or you can help to support it. Perhaps your church is in a position to establish a day nursery and playground for these chil- dren where they can be cared for and taught during the day, and to which the parents can be invited in the evening for recreation, entertainment and good fellowship.

You can organize your boys and girls into organized church school classes, give them definite responsibilities of importance and various activities furnishing them with a means of expressing the Christiariity which they have been taught to profess. Through Ii survey you can locate the neglected groups in your community, and theh6rganize a definite and constructive program of home mission- af'yendeavor which will make Christianity mean more to you, to the groups served, and to the community as a whole. 'rhese, and many others, are the missionary opportunities of the rural churches.

IN A BAPTIST CHAPEL CAR FOR MEXICANS IN THE UNI1'ED

Pioneer Work in Newer Communities BY REV. ANDREW J . MOJ'TGOMJ')RY, D.D., NEW YORK Town nnd Country Department, Board of Na tional Missions, Presbyterian G"burch, U. 8 . A.

O N a recent trip, it was the writer's pleasure to meet an en- tertaining gentleman who proved to be an inventor. He had with him a working model of an appliance for automatic control of railway trains. The model train, should it run into a block with 'signal set against it, would come to an immediate stop. The inventor also could intervene at any time and bring his train to a dead rest.

Whenever the subject of overlapping in rural areas is mentioned in certain groups of home mission experts, discussion comes to a prompt stop. Furthermore, when a present need for pioneer work in rural areas is suggested, there is again a loss of interest. All this shows that the campaign against competition among churches in small communities has succeeded- possibly succeeded too well. At any rate, it is exceedingly difficult, ill some quarters, to secure a fair hearing on the subject of the need for pioneer work.

The old romantic, spectacular frontier line of home missions is a thing of the past, but there yet remains a margin of unchurched and unevangelized territory in our country, with reference to which Christians cannot be indifferent. The changes being wrought by economic conditions in rural districts are rapidly creating new needs. The nationwide movement cityward is depleting the rural 529 4

530 [Ju11 church, making it more and more unable to carryon. At the same time, there is an alarming increase in tenancy farming. Parallel with this is the growing movement of migrancy occasioned by season- allabor. We are without exact information as to the extent of this movement in its broad aspects but certainly little is being done for those who are embraced within it.

Perhaps definitely localized instances of neglected communities may be of far more value than statistics, so far as this study is con- cerned. The statistics, if anyone is interested, are, of course, easily available.

Begin with Arizona. A seasoned observer reports a score of communities made up of pioneers from everywhere, struggling to get a home, without any religious privileges whatever so far as a settled, permanent ministry is concerned.

Southern California has a Denominational Superintendents' Council in affiliation with the State Church Federation. At its monthly meetings, this Council has assigned about four score com- munities t.o individual denominations, the other affiliated denomina- tions agreeing not to enter such communities until, in the judgment of the Council, they are large enough for more than one church. The Executive Secretary of this Council states that there are still a large number of churchless communities that should be served by some denomination. In the San Joaquin Valley the rural need is very evident. There are possibly a half dozen different racial groups, none of them large, which ought to have Protestant ministry. In one county of this Valley, the need was so great that, outside of the incorporated towns, a rural parish was formed. The pastor of this parish has a territory 90 miles long and 20 to 30 miles broad. On his letterhead he carries the names of 14 towns and communities. 'Chis is a striking instance of need, but it is not the only instance of such need and in many smaller territories similar neglect exists. On the slopes of the Sierras are many lumber-jacks, for some of whom provision is made but most of them are without any religious privileges. In the oil fields located on the rim of this great valley are many people living on the "leases," who do not have the benefit of any church.

The whole state of Nevada is an example of unmet rural need. The larger towns and cities are provided for, as usual. There are 200 school districts with 15 or less pupils, 150 districts with less than 10 and 100 districts with less than 8. To reach these scattered com- munities is a mighty task. Most of them are entirely destitute of church privileges. From "One community a girl of eighteen wrote, "I have never seen a preacher, a priest or a church in my life." The . analysis made by one of the workers in Nevada of the population applies not only to Nevada but to many other rural communities outside of that state as well. There are about three. generations

PIONEER WORK IN NE,W'ER COMMUNITIES

covered in any statement of need. The grandparents came from the East on the heels of the gold excitement. They had the usual religious background. The parents have succumbed to the lack of religious environment and have little, if any, religion. The children do not have even as much religion as their parents. They are growing up with practically pagan ideals. In such overlooked communities in Nevada there are from 3,000 to 5,000 boys and girls under twenty.

In western Vashington a study was made of 573 communities outside of the cities and towns having a population under one thousand. In this list were 379 communities without churches. In most of them the population is very small. In all of the communities mentioned above which do have churches 78% have only one church.

This study was made about three years ago and should now be qualified by certain changes, but these changes are not radical enough nor extensive enough to vitiate the appalling need. It would thus appear that about two-thirds of these communities are churchless. Observers know that what is true of the rural areas of western Washington, is true of the northern tier of states ranging eastward to the Mississippi River.

Idaho is essentially a rural state. A recent study there shows that about 24% of the population is Mormon and about 12% is Christian, including Protestants and Roman Catholics. The need of missionary work is pathetically revealed by such a statement as this.

Utah has been held up as the one bright example of eliminated competition. There is no competition outside of the cities, and yet whole counties like Morgan, Rich, Wayne, etc. are without any Christian church whateTer. The Mormons with their pagan conceptions are the only sect that attempts to carry a message of religion.

In Wyoming, somewhat the same need exists in its rural areas. The Star Valley in Lincoln County has 2,000 population and is without the service of the Christian ministry.

In Colorado a community or rather four communities are reported along the line of the extension of the Moffat Railroad with a population of from 1500 to 2500 without regular service. No one except an itinerant missionary cares for this field.

In West Texas, the large ranches are being broken up and sold to farmers. There is here a rapidly developing territory that has a purely pioneer mission character. There are in the state 750,000 Mexicans of whom a goodly number are located in rural communities. Little or nothing is being done for them.

Generally speaking, the South is so well provided for in the way of service that little need be said, but in Florida, growing rapidly as it is, there are smaller communities and rural settlements that should be reached by the Church at an early date. It is estimated that during the 1925 season, there were 600,000 "tin can tourists"

in this state. They cannot be classed as rural, but on the other hand many of them were found distributed during the winter months in the smaller communities throughout the state.

That there is a large need for pioneer mission work is evident so far as unchurched communities are concerned. As appears from the above, these communities are largely marginal but they are not to be overlooked for that reason. The Church should revise its creed to the effect that while overlapping is a sin, overlooking is also a sin.

A recent study of the whole rural problem has revealed that, speaking by and large, it is clear that few church members in the open country travel farther than four miles to at- tend church. More than one half of them do not travel over two miles. That raises the question where the people who live over two miles and are not included among the church goers inside the four-mile limit go to church.

While there is no exact data on this particular subject, there is much ground for believing that a considerable number of farmers and their families living over two miles from an open country church, neither join nor attend BIBLE COLPORTEURS any church. Here is developing then a new margin of unmet need. The coming of good WalkIng across the continent roads evidently has done little to change the distributing ScriPtures to those habits of people living outside of the two- in neglected communities.

mile radius. Thus, all over the country there is growing up this new need for reaching such people.

In conclusion, two reflections may be stated: One is that the best known method of reaching an entire territory is by one of the great denominational bodies concentrating its energies on that territory with some kind of a guarantee from an inter-denominational body, such as a State Home Mission Council, that it will be protected from invasion.

The other reflection is that, much as it has been anathematized, it begins to appear that in unreached areas we should return to the itinerant system of ministry if these marginal fringes are to be evangelized.

Churches in Rural

.A Study of the Relative Value of Denominational and Undenominational lVOTk BY ELIZABETH R. HOOKER, NE,W YORK Institute of Social and Religious Research T HE only church in a small rural community has several re- sponsibilities that are either peculiar to itself, or that its position renders peculiarly binding upon it. These responsibilities include the following: To enlist in a single fellowship all the religious elements of the community.

To provide religious education for the youth of the community. To afford leadership. To serve as part of the base of supplies for the world-wide Christian program. To continue to perform these functions.

Can these functions be. fulfilled better by a church connected with a denominational body, or by one without such a connection 1* COMPARATIVE NUMBERS OF RURAL UNITED CHURCHES Denominational 1111 11111 11111111111 1111 1II1lI11I1I11U 11111 III I1111 1111 IIJ 11111 III 1111 1111 1111 1111 !III IIII I1111 1111 Itil 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 528 UndenominationalllllllllllllllllllUlIUllltllllllllllllll1 137 AVERAGE CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE UNITED CHUR,CHES De-nominational $419 tlIlil 1II11fI1I1I1II1 1111 1II11tI1l1t11ll 11111 till 1111 IrII 1111 1111 fII IIII IIII I1111 ml 1111 IIIIJllIIIIIIIIIIHIl11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 Undenom.inational $260 lIilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllli PER CAPITA GIFTS OF THE UNITED CHURCHES Denominational $3.98 1I1f11l1 11II11111111111f1ll1 1II1J111H11H11111 1111 1III 1lit 1111 111111111111111111111111111111111 1111 1111 1111 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 Undenominational $2.17 1II111111fllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll1l1l11ll11ll11ll1llUIII ENLISTING ALL RELIGIOUS ELEMENTS: The inhabitants of many small rural comllmnities include persons of very different religious traditions, the adherents of no one denomination being sufficiently numerous to support a church of their own kind. In such places, if there is to be a church at all, it must be one in which many different religious elements can unite.

Persons of diverse religious origins were found in 1924 in the membership of many united churches both denominational and undenominational, there having been discovered by the Institute in the town and country area of the northern and western parts of the .*The answ~r to this ~u~stion will be b~ed u.pon facts .revea;led by a study c~nducted by tbe Institute of Soclal and RehglOus Research, the results of which wlll shortly be PUblIshed in a book entitled "United Churches."

533

United States l37 undenominational churches and 528 denominational united churches.

The lists of denominational elements combined in the membership were obtained through mail questionnaires for 48 of the undenominational churches and for 100 of the denominational united churches. The undenominational churches reported forty-two different denominational origins; the denominational united churches reported thirty-five. The different origins represented in one church ranged from two to twenty-four. Most of the undenominational churches were composed of many elements; and of the 100 rlenominational united churches, nearly half consisted of five or more plements and over one fourth were composed of six or more. The denominational origins included not only denominations from which interdenominational cooperation has come to be expected, such as the Congregational, Presbyterian, and Methodist Episcopal, but individuals from immersionist denominations like the Northern Baptist Convention and the Disciples of Christ; members of liturgical churches, such as Lutheran and Episcopal; and representatives of more emotional groups, as for example the Na'Zarenes. Some churches even reported individual Jews or Mormons; and a few had enlisted one or more Catholics.

The first function of such a church in small rural communitiesto enlist in membership persons of diverse denominational originshas therefore been fulfilled by many churches both denominational and undenominational. But in 1924 there were nearly four times as many denominational united churches as undenominational churches.

Moreover, a larger proportion of denominational united churches in small communities than of undenominational churches similarly placed, served their respective communities as the only church. The facts were ascertained for half the denominational united churches, and for more than half the undenominational churches. Of the denominational united churches one half were alone in their respective communities; of the undenominational churches, only one third. Because the denominational united churches were so much the more numerous, the number of denominational united churches serving their communities as the only church, was five times as great as the corresponding number of undenominational churches.

RELIGIOUS EDUCATION :-The fact that small rural communities form, to a considerable degree, the nursery of the nation, renders particuilarly important the religious education of their children. Efforts in this direction were being made by all the churches investigated, both denominational and undenominational. Progressive methods were in use by individual churches of both types. In this matter, however, the undenominational church was under a serious

UNITED OHURCHES IN RURAL COMMUNITIES

handicap. This was described from his own experience by the minister of one undenominational church, in the following extract from a letter: " . . .. As an organ of religious education the independent church has no program for progressive work …. The Sunday school, for instance, has been conducted according to certain methods for years. . Few of the people ever attend conventions and gatherings where advance methods are discussed and new ideas are set forth. The pastor cannot go before the church with a progressive program of religious education and secure its adoption unless the people are of a type who personally desire such new methods. That has been one of my greatest trials in my service here. Our work in religious education is woefully antiquated. I have tried and tried to introduce new methods but the answer is that they have always done that way …. In a denominational church there is a general program of religious education ….

Efforts are always being made to bring as many schools as possible to conform with that standard. The pastor may go before his people and hold up this standard as the denominational ideal and, as part of the larger group, the local church should at least strive to conform to it."

Many other religious leaders agreed with this minister that in regard to r.eligious education the denominational united church has a 'great advantage over the undenominational church in that it has systematically presented to it both expert advice and stimulus to effort.

LEADERSHIP :-United churches alone in their communities, both denominational and undenominational, were found to assume more responsibility of leadership in public welfare than does the average denominational church, especially if the latter is in the presence of one or more competing churches.

In regard to the professional church leader, the minister, the denominational united church has the advantage over the undenominational church. Because regular denominational agencies are at its service, it obtains a minister more easily. 'l'he minister chosen or appointed is less likely to be inefficient or unworthy; for he is sponsored by the denominational body, and in the rare cases when a minister is guilty of misconduct denominational agencies may discipline or remove him. The March Community Ch7~rchman reports: "There is no denying that here and there a church gets taken in by a bad man. We know one man who has left two denominations without credentials and with charges over his head. He is a trouble-maker everywhere he goes and there is a trail of moral scandal. But he continues to find a church, though he usually makes a long jump."

In view of the need, the Community Church INorkers have established a Service Bureau; but time must elapse before it can perform service comparable to that rendered by long-established denominational agencies. Under the circumstances, it is not surprising that although some undenominational churches were served by noble and powerful ministers, many others reported difficulty in finding pastors and frequent interregnums between pastorates.

A few have had experiences with undesirable ministers. Not a few undenominational ichurches declared that their whole future depended upon securing the right sort of pastor.

The difficulties of undenominational churches regarding ministerial supply, combined with their lack of supervision from denominational superintendents, renders especially important the quality of the lay leadership. Where this was strong, sustained, and noble in character, united churches were securing good ministers, and through them and in conjunction with them were leading their communities. But since the small rural community with such lay leaders is the exception, in respect to community leadership also, the advantage was usually with the denominational united church.

BENEVOLENCES :-In the great program of the Christian Church throughout the world, every small rural church is an essential factor as part of the base of supplies. '1.'0 denominational churches their duty and privilege iil this matter is brought home by publicity regarding the missions of their own boards, by denominational apportionments and by other forms of overhead education and incentive. – Undenominational churches. lacking any such stim-: ulus, contributed comparatively little to objects outside the local community and, in many cases, to philanthropic causes rather than to missions. The average annual contribution to benevolences in 1923-24 of the undenominational churches for which data could be obtained was $260, while that of denominational united churches was $417; and the average contribution per member, which for denominational united churches was $3.98, for undenominational churches was only $2.17. The weakness of undenominational churches in benevolences was forcibly expressed by the minister of such a church as follows: "Where a part of the church has no passion for missions and no vision beyond self-support, it is more difficult for the pastor and those who have the vision to push a large program through. In the denominational church there is always more or less opposition to the program from headquarters, but it is rather easier to combat it when the church knows that Presbytery-or Conference is going to call for an accounting and the church be compared to others."

PERMANENCE:-Which is more likely to render enduring service as the only church in a small rural community, the denominational united church, or the undenominational church 1 From communities in which the existence of an undenominational church had been reported to the Institute of Social and Religious Research, inquiries frequently brought such answers as these, from different states: "Enthusiasm six months or a year. Does- not seem to fllnction." "Built a fine building. Did not last long." "Continued for a few months. Chaos." "Wcnt up in smoke." Reports like these came from every part of the field studied.-

UNITED CHURCHES IN RURAL COMMUNITIES

Without the help regularly furnished to deuominational churches by their overhead bodies, in the way of expert supervision, steady ministerial supply, and home-mission aid in emergencies, undenominational churches, unless they enjoyed exceptional circumstances and unusually strong local leadership, frequently fell into inactivity or even died out completely.

.Denominational churches alone in their communities sometimes pass out of existence; but the efforts of overhead officials make this fate for them comparatively rare. A denominational united church, moreover, is frequently upheld in the position of sole church in a small community by a home missions councilor other interdenominational agency, which prevents threatened encroachment by another church.

Under these circumstances, it is not surprising that a considerable number of undenominational churches have connected themselves with some denominational body. Thirty-one churches that in 1924 were listed as denominational united churches, had formerly been undenominational churches.

CONCLUSION :-This comparison of the respective advantages, as the sole church of a small rural community, of a united church with denominational connection and a united church without denominational connection, may be summarized in five statements: In the town and country area of the northern and western parts of the United States, denominational united churches were in 1924 nearly four times as numerous as undenominational churches; and of united churches ascertained to be alone in their respective communities, those connected with denomi~tions were five times as numerous as those not so connected. ~, Denominational united churches had in general systems of religious education that were more modern.

Denominational united churches obtained ministers more readily, and in spite of notable exceptions on the whole secured better ministers.

Denominational united churches made larger contributions to the Christian program throughout the world, both in proportion to the number of churches and in proportion to total membership.

The service rendered by united churches was in general more enduring.

The inevitable conclusions would appear to be these: Undenominational churches seem likely to be serviceable as the only churches in small rural communities of two kinds: those much divided in religious adherence, and those with strong and sustained lay leadership. For small rural communities of other kinds, the information gathered in 1924 seems to favor the choice of united churches connected with some denominational body.

81l!

A GENERAL VIEW OF THE PARISH CENTER AT BUCKHORN. KENTUCKY

Story of Buckhorn, Kentucky *

'fHE A MOUNTAIN COMMUNITY WHERE THE CHURCH Is EVERYTHING Southern Appalachian mountains were settled by a purely American white population of English and Scotch ancestry. This primitive region with heavily forested mountains teem- ing in coal and mineral riches that await development, is incongru- ously described as "the backyard of the South." The neglect im- plied in this phrase is largely due to the fact that these scattered settlements along the banks of creeks and rivers and among precipitous mountains have no political significance. Until the treasures of their mountains, the timber and minerals, are made accessible, "backyard" citizens they will remain.

Meanwhile their history and customs, their primitive and secluded life, their folklore and ballads, and especially the fervor and tenacity of their Protestant faith, compel admiration. It is this primitive American civilization, rather than the human passions and feuds which have given this region publicity and obscured the sterling qualities of the people, that commends the Southern Highlander to our attention. Our social and religious traditions have been so profoundly modified that it is good to rediscover their original flavor.

Buckhorn, in Perry County, Kentucky, is close to the conjunction of Perry, Clay, Leslie, Owsley and Brethitt counties, one hundred and thirteen miles southeast of Lexington. The journey from Altro, the nearest railway station, is one of eight miles in the saddle over the mountain trails and precipitous valleys with their rushing alpine streams. I;t is a surprise to find at Buckhorn a struggling valley settlement at the junction of the Middle Fork of the Kentucky River and Squabble Creek, lighted by electricity, with many houses furnished with baths and running water, a modern group of buildings whose saw- and grist-mills and barns are so much better than any others encountered in the region.

Buckhorn was a trade center, with water-power, an unusual amount of arable land, which is a prime factor in this mountainous country, timber and coal in abundance. The chief advantage lay in the fact that as the valleys are the travel routes, they converged npon Buckhorn and made it one of the most accessible points in a difficult region.

Twenty-four years ago Rev. Harvey S. Murdock first came into the region to investigate some mission work that needed funds. He had completed his college and seminary courses and was serving his apprenticeship in a branch of the Lafayette Avenue Presby- .From "Churches Of DiBtinction in. Town. a.nd Country.JJ Goo. H. Doran Co. 53£)

terian Church, of Brooklyn, New York. His report on this field was so favorable that the necessary funds were granted and the young pastor accepted the call to his life work. Today Buckhorn church has a membership of eight hundred and four, a group of buildings that are rendering a great service to the far-flung mountain com- munity, a valuable tract of land for agricultural demonstration purposes and recreation, a loyal group of supporters and workers, and· a growing army, whose numbers unfortunately have not been recorded, of those who have passed through its school and church influence and are spreading it in less favored communities.

The social and religious conditions of the people among whom ~ir. Murdock began his life work were primitive. More than 20 per cent of the voting males were illiterate and a much higher propor- tion of the women and children. The local schools were of the most primitive character, and even now, as then, the children are kept from school for seasonal harvests or labor.

Necessity and close contact with a relentless nature have given these people an elemental wisdom in the use of their natural resources. Coal crops out on four levels. The highlanders have learned to satisfy their wants and needs as far as possible from their environment, and while their environment has at the same time closed them in from the progressive world, it has compensated for this by developing a sturdy character that is instinct with self- reliance. They have, however, for so long done things for them- selves that theory, when applied to such problems as their unsani- tary conditions, their physical and mental disabilities, is not always cordially received. .

In their isolation they have for so long waged warfare in order to survive against the laws of a relentless, prodigal nature that, having triumphed and successfully controlled them, they are not readily amenable to the laws of man. They have for so long been a law to themselves in the course of their long isolation in- these mountain fastnesses that the slow and distant machinery of law and justice irks their sensitive and passionate temperament. Crimes of violence and feuds are common in so primitive and individualistic a society. When the whole mountain population is so closely inter- related that the accused must of necessity be tried by a jury con- sisting of his own or his victim's relations, there is little prospect of obtaining justice from a court. The same condition has led to their reputation as "moonshiners."

At present these people subsist on farming; corn, potatoes, sorghum and garden vegetables, with very little fruit, constitute their entire output. Sheep furnish them with food and clothing. In these homes the spinning wheel is still in use for blankets and articles of domestic use. 'Their quilts are elaborately made and together with baskets have become articles of export trade. Manu-

1926J THE STORY OF BUCK:HORN, KENTUCKY

factured clothing is preferred to the homespun garments of their forefathers, but at Buckhorn efforts are being made to encourage the weaving of tweeds as the fireside industry for which their Scottish ancestors are still famous. Besides sheep, which thrive among their mountains, the small amount of low-lying land available for cultivation and grazing limits their stock to mules, pigs and a few cattle. Slender agricultural resources keep the people povertystricken, especially as families average six and one-half persons.

Through the long years of their isolation these mountaineers have made their religious beliefs an important part of their narrow intellectual and emotional life. What forms of worship they brought into these mountains, or such as have found their way into their fastness to modify profoundly the original belief and practice, are now jealously guarded. The old toiler-preacher was their only pastoral experience. Being of their own soil and tradition he brought them nothing that would lift them out of themselves.

For the type of Christian service required in such communities the :worker. must possess special qualifications. The pioneers of the Buckhorn work were people who loved nature and the simple people who lived so close to nature. They learned to appreciate the silence of the great mountains and little valleys or bottom lands along the creeks and rivers where the settlements lay, the trees, birds and flowers. A few years ago Newell Buck, the author of "The Call of the Cumberlands," visited this littl~ community center, and wrote: "I found at Buckhorn a company of idealists who were attempting the impossible, and the strangest thing about it is that they are succeeding." How well they have been succeeding the Buckhorn of 1926 must answer, if only in part.

These workers relied upon the deep religious conviction of the people and their response to the Gospel of Christ as preached by the Protestant Church, in whose traditions they and their ancestors are steeped. With this common Christian understanding the workers at Buckhorn have slowly gained the confidence of this shy, suspicious, individualistic people by their economic, social and religious services to Buckhorn as well as those communities in the vicinity. They have created a new center out of Buckhorn, grinding corn and sawing lumber, caring for the sick folk and educating the young people. But the church has been the real center of all these services and activities. The ideal of Christian brotherhood and service is the only one wherewith to combat the religious and social demarcations, that begin with religious dissension and narrow sectarianism and end in family feuds and a non-moral atmosphere of law-breaking and prejudice against all forms of enlightenment.

The church school at Buckhorn is independent of the state, but the state avails itself of the efficient staff and modern equipment by paying Buckhorn school $1,000 to $1,190 a year for taking over

the pupils of the district school for Seven months. Buckhorn has its own permanent educational program interpreted by a staff of twelve to fifteen teachers, with buildings that house teachers and pupils. In this school pupils of both sexes are taught from kinder- garten through high school and prepared for college. The natural aptitude of the children of this independent, self-reliant race schooled in adversity, is exploited by Buckhorn to the utmost.

The children, like their parents, are accustomed to make nearly all the implements of daily life, and full scope is given to this genius under expert teachers in the technical courses of the' Manual Train· ing School, equipped with tools and simple machinery. The g~rls also receive technical training in the Domestic Science Hall. There are also a Primary Hall, a kindergarten equipped with the latest educational devices; a two-story home for small boys orphaned .and stranded in the mountains; a three-story 'dormitory for seventy-five older boys, with a two-story addition; a tW6-and-one-half story home for little girls; a three-story dormitory for seventy-five older girls; and a two-story building used as a dining-hall.

The children of these mountaineers, doing their share of labor from an early age, l'TIOW how to work, but they must learn to play. The school plant now includes a gymnasium, with basketball for the girls and young boys and other organized games. The pastor is an old college "fan," and it is natural to find a good baseball team whose prowess is known in Lexington and other urban and mountain centers. The pastor has personal charge of its training, and it is in the difficult role of umpire that his associate is spreading the code of sportsmanship among the children who did not.know how to play, and to whom the idea of competition or rivalry raised the latent passion of family feud.

Not everyone reached by Buckhorn parish is a worshiper, but wherever the church has had a preaching point for five or six years, practically everyone attends church. This is chiefly a tribute to the deep religious sentiment that is one of the marked characteristics of these mountaineers. Buckhorn's church auditorium comfortably seats about three hundred and fifty people, but it is a common thing to find seats for an overflow amounting to about four hundred and seventy-five. The regular attendance averages three hundred and fifty out of a membership of seven hundred and four. Besides the Wednesday evening service, with an attendance of two hundred and fifty, Buckhorn church conducts a series of evangelistic meet- ~ngs which last for a week or more in every preaching point of the parish. Its Sunday-school, however, has the phenomenal total membership of one thousand and thirty. This is due to the fact that the adults attend Sunday-school and remain for the church service which follows. Buckhorn has a Christian Endeavor Society meeting with a membership of about two hundred.

THE STORY OF BUCKHORJN

Buckhorn village has increased about 100 per cent in the twentyfour years of parochial work. Every neighborhood in the vicinity is served by the two Ininisters, aided by teachers from the school. Nearly a dozen preaching points are in active operation, and the total Buckhorn parish enrolls nearly a thousand members, with eighty-nine added during the past year. This is in a community of about two thousand people.

The evangelistic services conducted by Buckhorn at these various points are not through imported evangelists but by the ministers of the parish, of whom two are stationed at Buckhorn and one at Cow Creek.

At Buckhorn all the pupils in school attend chapel services at eight 0 'clock in the school hall before the classes begin for the day. In each class the teacher has a period for the study of religion and the Bible. This religious training is in the mountain tradition where the daily life of the people is full of Biblical maxims and texts. rrhus the school avails itself of this tradition and relates the religious training to all the subjects, especially in domestic and social science. Hundreds of graduates have passed, during twenty years, through the school and church influence of Buckhorn, going as preachers, teachers or home makers to the farthest recesses of the region and beyond. During these twenty years more than four hundred of these pupils became teachers. Moreover, the Vice-president of Buckhorn, the heads of the departments of manual training, agriculture, math· ematics, English and history are all mountain boys graduated at Buckhorn. Not such a large proportion of women teachers are so trained, but all have a sympathetic understanding of the people. It has been found necessary to decline pupils owing to lack of accommodation. At present about four hundred students are educated annually from kindergarten through high school.

The best evidence of the work and its influence in the region is the social and religious spirit that is a precious Christian leaven in a great wilderness. But it should be remembered that these people have long preserved a religious spirit, through years of isolation, which was their only solace and comfort in a hard life of adversity. One has merely to hear the angelus which calls the parish to prayer every day to understand this fervor. There is no fixed time for the angelus, but an elderly woman for many years has rung the bell, and as its first stroke echoes up and down the wooded valleys every man, womap. and child for a few moments bows the head in reverence. There may be a clatter of dishes and a babble of conversation in the dining hall, or cries of children in the playground, or a lonely man or boy working in a patch on the mountainside. But all heed the angelus and cease for a moment's prayer. It is a beautiful custom, and one that is naturally and essentially the outward sign of the soul of these Southern mountaineers.

MBTHODS

:: EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 721lfuHLENBURG BLDG. PRII,ADELPHJA, PA.

Since the days when" My Country ing the following suggestions by Mr.

'tis of Thee" was first sung publicly Adams for a community survey.

by a group, of Boston school girls Map Your Community. and boys we have continued en- thusiastically to proclaim, PURPosE.-To discover and visual- "I love thy rocks and rills ize the bounds of your community; Thy woods and templed hills," to. locate homes, institutions, roads, but never until this year of 1926 raIlroads, and other items of interest have the Protestant churches of in the community; to furnish a back- America together ,turned their at- ground for further study and survey _ of the community's resources. tention so seriously to the actual problems and possibilities of our MATERIALS.-Country road map or ., templed hHIs." geological survey map of the area including your community. The A dilapidated, neglected country former may be procured upon rechurch is often the prose of the poetie quest sent to your State Highway "templed hills." • Department and the latter from the Director of Surveys. U. S. Geological This year praetically all of the Survey, Washington, D. C. Sheets churches of American Protestantism of drawing paper, about 20 x 30 will study the rural church. inches or larger. Pentagraph, which may be purchased for about sixty For some of the methods here sug- cents from any art supply store. gested, and for the pietures we are Straight-edge ruler. Drawing penespecially indebted to Ralph S. cil. Fine-point pen. Pazant pens. Adams, Director of Rural Work of Compass. India ink. the Reformed Church in the United States. Mr. Adams is also author PROCEDURE.-Procure a map of of .." Project and Study Manual for your area from one of the above Rural Churches" to accompany the sources. Mark upon it the boundacourse, "Our Templed Hills." In it ries of your community, lightly in pencil .first and then with ink later are !l'iven exceptionally practical suggestIOns.

KNOW THY COMMUNITY when dbey.fitnhietelyfoleloswtaibnlgishemd~thdoedte!r­- mined If knowledge is power there is no occasion for inquiry as to the ex- Approximate on each road leading planation of the powerlessness of our efforts to meet the present-day out from the community center the situation in the rural church. We do not know our rural churches and possible boundary of the community. the communities in which they are located. Any rural church will be Mark lightly in penciL Visit several able to meet its problems and possibilities more effectively after study- families on either side of that mark, on each road, asking them in what village or town they purchase their supplies, market their products, do their banking and secure their great- est social contacts. By their answers *Projeet and Stul1y Manual. B1./ Ra.lph S. determine more accurately the place Adams, 15 cents. 01lr TC'mpled· Hills. By where the interest is directed more Ralp" A. Felton. 60 cents, paper; $1.00. toward some other community center cloth. Pubhshed by Missionary Education Movement.

544 From farm ta-mllies have come the men and women who bave be]ped to makeADlerica great. Most undervo.lu<:d of all farm crops are the bright~eyed boys and girls of the open country, who are frequently un<terprivileged.

than toward your own. Mark def- er on by means of a Pazant pen. Fill initely this boundary on each road. in the symbols with a fine-point pen Draw lines connecting the bounda- and carefully letter the map to reries on these roads and you have the veal its identity. Place the key to bounds of your community. Locate the symbols used, in the left hand each household of the community on lower corner of the map for conventhe map by means of an unshaded ient reference. circle. Indicate all church buildings by means of. a circle with a cross This map will furnish the ground over it, and all school houses by a work for the religious census survey circle with a cross inside. Indicate described in project two. shops, stores, banks, and other places Take a Religious Census of business, .theatres, libraries, community buiidings, roads, railroads PURPOSE.-To learn the religiou!, and other places of importance by affiliations, past and present, of every' means of convenient symbols and an family in the community, to locate' appropriate key. the unchurched, to learn the reason for their present lack of church af- By means of the pentagraph (di- :filiation, and to discover their church rections for its use will accompany preference, if any. the instrument) transfer the community from the original map to a MATERIALs.-Map of community. large sheet of drawing paper on an Colored crayons. Household survey enlarged scale of two or four inches blanks for each household in the COllto the mile. It may be neces- munity. (Write to the Rural Church sary to transfer the community Department of your denomination center (village or town) on a for such blanks). sheet of paper separate from the rest of the community and on an PROcEDuRE.-Divide your comeven larger scale in order to enter munity into convenient districts and conveniently the many necessary mark them clearly on the map. Disymbols. This should be done in pen- vide your class or group undertaking cil first, to be inked permanently lat- this survey into teams of two and assign each team to a certain di.strict. S If undertaken on a cooperative basis,

place members of different denomina- (h) List the households of ten- tions on each team. Visit every ants, indicating their church and household in the community and se- Sunday-school affiliation, if any.

cure the information required. Num- (i) Make any other significant ber every household blank and mark lists which may occur to any mem- the corresponding number on your bers of the class.

community map in the position oc- (j) Duplicate an of these lists for cupied by the home of this family. each of the cooperating churches in UTILIZING THE RESULTs.-(a) By this study. These should be turned checking the information on the over to the pastor, together with the household cards, mark on the com- map and the original household munity map with different colored blanks, for his constant reference and crayons the households affiliated with guidance.

various denominations, leaving the (Quoted from" Project and Study Man· unchurched households uncolored ual.") until such time as they shall have CORNER 1¥ALL AND FLOOR affiliated themselves with Some SPA'()E.

church. Where there are members The rural church should be given of more than one church in the same right of way for a wall program for household, mark these with equal a specified period. portions of the colors representing said denominations. This map will Engage all available talent in chart visualize the religious opportunity in and poster making. Quotations from your community. the book Or from other sources may be printed on charts and hung on (b) List the name of all the indi- walls of Sunday-school buildings. vidual church members by denominations. Rural America's greatest need is not more churches but the enlarge- (c) List the names of all indio ment of the work of each church ln viduals over twelve years of age its local parish: in the community, who are members of no church. There are more than 101,000 rural churches in the United States for a (d) List the names of individuals rural popUlation of about fifty milholding membership in churches out- lions. If these churches were evenly side the community. distributed there would be .one for (e) List the names of all children .. about every 493 members. from one to twenty-one years of age, .. .. dividing them in groups of the same age, and indicating, in columns fol- If people work and play together; lowing each name, the number of the buy and sell cooperatively; why household of which he is a member, should they worship competitively~ .. * * th~ name of the denomination of which he is a member (mark- Many rural church problems which ing with an X if he is no mem- cannot be solved by local communi- ber), of what Sunday-school he ties demand a nation-wide policy of is a member (marking with an X thE) denominations.

if he is no member), and indicating his church preference. Four fifths of our rural population (f) List the names of all adults. are not members of any church. .

giving the same information for each .. 41< ..

as indicated in item (e) grouping Thirty-eight per cent of the farms them, however, into groups of 22 to in the United States are operated by 30, 31 to 40, 41 to 50, 51 to 60, etc. tenants on one year leases. +*+ (g) List the alien families in the community indicating whether or not A> million farmers in the United they are affiliated with any local States move to new homes every church or Sunday-school. year.

BEST METHODS

Every fifth family in rural Ameri- church who have no way to ride, as ca is foreign born. well as those who may be able to furnish transportation for others. " " A Christian "program for the new COMMUNITY GROVES. – Lutheran, rural life includes the teaching of Reformed and Dunkard churches in health as well as the care of the sick. the Rocky Ridge Community in Maryland purchased in 1919 a beau- . One of the best sources of mission- tiful grove, and dedicated it to the physieal, social, edueational, moral ary supply is the rural church. and spiritual development of the eommunity. It is owned by the "" ehurches, and supervised and con- trolled by a Park Board of represent- Other forms of charts, with maps atives of the churches. and pictures may be helpful in keeping facts before the people of the church.

THE THOMPSON TOWNSHIP COMMUNITY ORCHESTRA OF CLYDE, OH'IO A demonstrafion of the possibilities of m~usica.l cooperation in a rural community. The dire-croT and nine players are members of the Reformed Church, one of the Evangelical Church, four I.. utherans; the two teaobers who began tho work were Metbodlsts. This community orchestra furnished music for Parent-Teacher Ass()Ciation meetings and other community ai'fairs. Many of them belonged. also, to a Community nand of twenty-two pieces which played for Memorial Day. Field Day and otber out-door occaslons.

Bulletins may be placed on stand- The people of the community ards, if wall space is not available. cleared the park, erected a pavilion, placed stands and tables, and in- PRACTICAL PLANS. stalled playground apparatus-see- saws, swings, sandboxes and slides. TRAINED LEADERSHIP.-One church, in five years, has paid the expenses Two years later outdoor evening of 4000 pastors of its rural churches services were held in the pavilion and to attend summer training schools have been continued for five years for rural pastors. with an average attendanee of 500.

AUTOMOBILE AID SocIETY.-In one An annual community pienic is one ehureh a number of automobile own- of the outstanding events of the year. ers agreed to gather up children who The common interest in the grove and could not otherwise attend mission the eooperation in its maintenance study meetings, and to return them and in the aims and efforts :for which to their homes. it stands have helped to eliminate petty strife and jealousy and to unite A study of the eommunity will re- the entire community in work for the veal those who are unable to walk to

physical, social, educational, moral entire summer in hospitable rural and spiritual development of the homes. community. 'l'RAVELING MISSIONARY LIBRARIES. qOMMUNITY CENTERS.-No longer do Community Houses belong exclus- -Ten books began it. A committee ively to city centers. Scores of them selected them and individuals doare being built on our templed hills. nated them to start the plan. They In some instances they are built and were loaned without any charge to a owned by one church. In others a missionary society in a rural comnumber of denominations cooperate munity, for thirty days. During in their building and maintenance. that time they were circulated among the members. Some members read Often they contain in addition to every book. At the end of the thirty a general assembly room, a gymnasi- days they were passed on to another um with apparatus for games and society, the address and shipping inphysical training, a reading room or structions being furnished by headlibrary, and a kitchen. quarters. The only cost .to each so- The young folks of the rural church delight to present plays and pagea.nts. A gr(jup may go to a number ot communities or theJ':J may be an exchange presentation.

GUESTS FROM ALL NATIONs.-"I ciety was the price of one new book long for a summer in the open coun- to be added to the library and the try in America," wrote a Japanese postage for forwarding. The new Christian kindergarten teacher who books were selected by the committee was spending a year in America. "Do and not by individuals. However, you know of some Christian family individuals who had books they who would let me be a member of wished to donate were asked to send their family for a few weeks 1" them to the committee and if they were judged suitable they were Usually we think of hospitality to added. When there were enough foreign students as the concern of volumes they were divided and two city churches alone. Missionary libraries were sent out. leaders in rural churches might do an exceptional service by arranging, CHuRCH NIGHT.-Mid-week servthrough correspondence with their ices in rural churches usually do not Mission Board or Student Secre- have a large attendance. taries, for foreign students or furloughed missionaries to receive invi- Most churches are burdened with tations to spend several weeks or an a multiplicity of meetings. One night must be held as choir night,

another as Sunday School Teacher mISSIOnary messages. If a committee Training Night, and yet another for or an individual in each community the meeting of the official board. plans carefully several months in ad- Seven nights a week are not sufficient vance, missionary news items and for all of them. stories may be scheduled in county papers with current weekly items. In many places Church Night with Leaflets may be circulated by mail. a combination of meetings is helping The circulation of the MISSIONARY to solve some of the problems. A REVIEW OF THE WORLD as well as desuggested schedule is: nominational magazines may' be in- creased by careful attention, and 6:00 to 7:00 P. M. Fellowship Supper for Everyland may be introduced into Everybody. .almost every family in which there are boys and girls. 7:00 to 7:45 P. M. Church Council or Official Board meeting; Home Projects THE UNUSUAL MEETINGs.-In ad- Class for Parent.; Supervised Play for dition to the "usual meeting" of the Children. women's or young people's societies there may be some unusual meetings. 7:45 to 8:00 P. M. Worship. Once a year a rural society may in- 8:00 to 8:40 P. M. Teacher Training vite a city society to hold a meeting in the country. The city society- in Class; Leadership Training Class; Bible turn may invite the rural church Study-adults and young people; Re- members for a guest meeting in their ligious Education–ehildren. church. 8:40 to 9 :15 P. M. Business meetings of various organizations; Home and Com- THE COUNTY FAIR.-In ali increas- munity Study Classes; Religious Educa- ing number of county fairs mission- tion for Children. ary booths are attracting much at- 9: 15 to 9 :45 P. M. Games, Songs, Recre- tention and offering a large oppor- ation. tunity for the distribution of leaflets !l: 45 P. M. Doxology and Benediction. and the display of maps, charts and posters together with other materials This schedule provides something of missionary education. for every age and every group during all periods. SIXTY-TWO VARIETIES No waste of time is allowed. The Possibilities for Service in Rural fellowship supper at the beginning and the recreation period at the end Chureh giye opportunity for exchange of greetings. Inasmuch as some of the By RALPH S. ADAMS groups will need monthly meetings only this schedule is merely sug- 1. Organize a mission study program for gestive. all groups in the church. 2. Organize a program for local mission- HOME NIGHT.-Since the days of ary endeavor for the whole church. automobiles someone is going some- 3. Provide charitable relief where neceswhere all the time. In a number of sary. communities home night is being 4. Teach or arrange for classes of farm given a regular place in the schedule women and girls in~ hygiene, nursing, of engagements. Everyone knows sewing, cooking, etc., cooperating with there is no use in trying to schedule the county home agent or the community outside meetings for that night. Fam- nurse. ilies plan to have one evening to- 5. Consolidate the women's organizations gether, with time for an unhurried in the church or the charge. dinner or supper, conversation, 6. Declare a "farm woman '. year" for games and family worship. the church, and organize the church pro· gram for the year around the needs of MISSIONS BY MAIL.-Every mail farm women. box is a missionary opportunity. 7. Lead yonng people's meeting. Alert leaders will see that leaflets, 8. Teach a Sunday·school class. paper and magazines carry mission- ,9. Organize a Junior Congregation and ary messages into every rural com- serviee. munity. The county newspaper office offers unusual opportunity for

HI. Organize a story hour for children and 39. Organize anwng the Sunday-schools in prepare stories for that purpose. a convenient area, a base-ball league basket-ball league, or tennis tournament: 11. Prepare a program or course on voca- tional guidance for the young people. 40. Secure and equip a, playground for the community. 12. Organize a choir. 41. Conduct a community play day with 13. Organize a junior choir for instruc- games and fun for young and old. tion in singing. 42. Lead church and community socials 14. Prepare and render cantatas and re- citals from time to time. and all kinds of group games. '

15. Conduct an occasional community sing, 43. Conduct a community picnic, fair or or lead community singing in conjunction pageant. with some other community event. 44. Arrange a program and menu for a 16. Encourage parents to buy musical in· Father-and-Son's banquet. struments for their boys and girls and provide for their instruction through the 45. Do the same for a Mother-and-Daugh- church. ter's banquet for the entire community.

17. Organize an orchestra for Sunday- 46. Observe Boys' Week by means of an school and community purpn8es. educational and recreational program for the boys and their parents. 18. Organize a community band. 19. Observe music week and prepare a 47. Start a movement iu the community musical program for the week. for the erection and operation of a com- 20. Support and edit a parish paper for munity hall, or a parish house. your charge. 48. Distribute church papers and litera- 21. Organize in the congregation a system ture. of family visitation to assist the pastor. 49. Make posters and signs for coming 22. Do the same for visitation of the sick. 23. Do person8.l work in winning souls to eveuts.

the church imd Sunday-schooL 50. Care for church property and equip· 24. Assist your pastor in evangelistic ment, keeping it in order and good re- pair. efforts. 51. Provide new equipment where needed. 25. Assist your church board in making ,the every-member financial canvass. 52. Dig out the church basement and make it suitable for purposes of religious edu- 26. Conduct a Sunday-school and young cation, and socials. people'8 organization conference for workers regularly. S3_ Provide and equip one room in the 21. Prepare a program and conduct an in- ehnreh building for a nursery and arrange stitute for the chnrch or the charge on for someone to be in charge of the babies religious education and young people '. whHe the mothers attend services. work_ 54. If the church is in the village or town 28. Organize a teacher training class aud which serves as a community center, pro- teach it or study the course yourself. vide a rest room with conveniences for 29. Conduct a leadership training course tired farm mothers, who come to town for young people, using this or some on shopping trips. other suitable course. 55. Cooperate in organizing and conduct- 30. ,Cooperate with other churches in the community in organizing and conducting ing .a community health campaigu, in· a community training schooL cludmg lectures, demonstrations, exhibits 31. Attend' religious conferences and clinics, health dinners, better families: camps. contest, etc. 32. Dramatize Bible stories. 5<). Start a movement to bring the ser· 33. Organize and put on a community vices of a community nurse to your com- products exhibit. munity.

34. Bring a "good pictures" exhibit to 57. ,gecure lectures on important church your community. Write the Perry Pic- ture Company, or the Copley Prints_ and community matters, and follow these with the open forum method of discus- 35. Put on an educational exhibit for the community, with the help of the school, sion. the county agents, and the State Depart- 58. Secure the support of a :first-class ly- ment of Public Instruction. ceum course for the community. 36. Make and encourage the makiug of 59. Do the same for bringing a Chautau- collections of insects, flowers, leaves, dif- ferent kinds of wood, birds' nests in the qua Company to the community. winter time, out-door photographs, and 60. Cooperate with the farm and home stamps. This has great educational val- ue. bureaus in bringing a farmers' institute to the community. 37.' Lead a hike of young people for pur- pose of nature study and wood-craft_ 61. Observe Education Week in the fall, by means of programs and activities 38. Organize a camping party with a pur- pose. throull'h the schools, churches and other organiza,tions.

62. Cooperate with other community agencies, through leadership and service; in bringing the right type of community life and services to the community.

From "Study and Project Manual for Rural Churches·' by permission.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK THE LITERATURE PROGRAM A second conference of the year From the report of the Committee on Study likely to influence the kind of publi- Courses and Literature of the Coullcil of Women for Home Missions, E. Jessie Ogg, Chairman. cations issued, was one held in De- cember composed of the educational For six years the Council of Women secretaries of the mission boards and for Home Missions and the Missionary the educational committee of the Education Movement have been part- Council of Christian Associations to ners in the pUblication of home mis- which the officers of the Joint Com- sion literatUJI'e. The joint committee mittees on Home Mission Literature having this in charge is ever striving were invited. A. full day was given to keep abreast of the times in the to consideration of the character of theory and practice of education and missionary education best suited to in missionary statesmanship. One of and desired by college students and the significant events of the past year consideration of where the responsi- was a conference held under the aus- bility for promotion rests.

pices of the Missionary Education 1926-1927 Literature Movement at Wallace Lodge, Yonkers, New York, in January, 1925,-for the The Committee is publishing this pUJI'pose of studying the needs for year only one book for adult and new methods and new types of ma- young people's groups, Our Templed terials. The joint committee partici- Hills, a study of the Church and pated in this conference, and has been Rural Life, by Rev. Ralph A. Felton, devoting much of its time and Professor of Rural Social Organiza- thought through the rest of the year tions at Cornell University and for- to the problem of broadening the. merly a member of the staff of the scope of home missionary education Country Life Department of the in accordance with the plans outlined Methodist Episcopal "Board of Home by the Conference, the principal re- Missions. Mr. Felton's book is ac- suIt of which was to initiate prOGCSSCS companied by a comprehensive pam- leading to an enriched cUl'll'iculum phlet for study class leaders and by for all grades. In order to provide special material for the use of rural for the sustained study necessary for churches.

the planning of the materials required The first volume in a new inter- for the several grades, a series of mediate series of three books, Fron- standing sub-committees has been tiersmen of the Faith, is by Rev. Ed- formed, corresponding to a parallel win E. White, until recently one of series named by the Missionary Edu- the Presbyterian U. S. A. missionary cation Movement for the foreign mis- education secretaries. Mr. White's sion program. These sub-committees book is historical in chara.ter· and have found it mutually advantageous tells in a style suitable for early to meet frequently in joint session to 'teen-age readers the stories of the discuss their common problems and pioneers of home missions with the to outline materials of general char- aim of giving the background neces- acter that are needed by all groups sary to a later understanding of the regardless of home or foreign eonnec- part home mi~ions has played in the tions. Such materials are required development of the nation and its particularly for younger children, task today. A separate manual for and special emphasis has been given leaders has been prepared by Mr.

to this phase of work during the year. White.

551

No new junior book is being issued. TOWN AND OOUNTRY The Better America Series of three volumes is now complete, and it is the From the report of the Committee of the earnest hope of the committee th~t Home Missions Council and Council of Women leaders will adopt one of the books III for Home Missions, Edmund deS. Brunner, that course that they have not hitherto Chalrman. used. Junior groups that have had all three of these books will, in normal During 1925 correspondence was circumstances, be ready for the first entered into with boards that have volume of the intermediate series de· organized departments of rural work, scribed above. with a view to ascertaining what sort of rural work was being undertaken, 1927-1928 Literature what the objectives were, how the rural program was channeled down There was unanimous agreement to the field. at the Wallace Lodge Oonference that several general courses on missions This correspondence produced some were needed for adult classes and interesting replies, a sUIIlllllary of that these books should be kept avail- which follows. able over a period of years for the use of those groups that desire to The work of organized departments study such subjects, rather than of rural work divides itself into two specific fields or particular problems. general heads, according to the policy It was deci"ded that the immediate de- of the denomination, and the power of mand was for studies of the essen- the department, board, or commission tially missionary character of Chris- handling rural work. tianity itself and a summary and reinterpretation of the task of t~e 1. One of these functions is com- Church in the world today. As dIS- mon to all bodies. This is interpretcussions of these proposals went for- ing the rural problem to the denomiward it became clear that this was a nation and advising with individual theme which ought to be treated in churches or ecclesiastical units as to the broadest possible manner and that possible programs of rural work. it should deal in the large with mis- This work, through various avenues, sions their motive, aim, and expres- places the resources of the rural exsion 'rather than with the home mis- perience of Protestantism at. the comsion or the foreign mission enterprise. mand of the local church.. In its Therefore a new era has dawned larger aspects, it is a task of propawhen study bookS are to be planned ganda and education. and published jointly and promoted by both home and foreign agencies. 2. Some of the denominational rural departments go beyond this and The Joint Committee will also co- have specific, administrative duties. operate with the Missionary Educa- As such, they handle or are influention Movement in publishing in 1927 tial in apportioning missionary funds, a book for young people on the sub- and they employ missionaries and ject, "What it means to be a Chris- field workers. This brings them tian in the light of the world purpose sharply into contact with the probof Christ." lems of over-churching and over- looking. The chief aim of the committee has been to keep sensitive to the demand Briefly stated, the administrative of home missions, to interpret mis- objectives were: sions as the task of the Christian Church for all of life and to serve The elimination of competition in fields ihe constituent bodies in every way where cooperation is possible. in making this task of the Church real to the most obscure person in the Secnring a more (lhristian and economic most remote corner of the country. distribution of home mission funds: i. e., as between city and country, and as between opportunity and competitive points.

Setting up of higher standards as a basis for receiving aid.

Procuring good stipends for high-grade home missionaries.

Aiding churehes in developing efficient program of work.

Training of leadership.

WOMAN '8 HOME MISSION BULLETIN

In at least two of the denomina- outlined in some states a year's tions, Methodist Episcopal and Pres- course in reading and survey, under byterian, U. S. A., these objectives supervision. A two-foot country-life are in the way of being achieved. In book shelf of about twenty titles is other denominations, some of thesc made available. things can be done only unofficially and by conference and moral suasion. There is some valuable work in leadership training by the use of Various means are adopted for students for surveying and serving achieving the objectives. Courses are parishes during summer vacations. being given, or are in prospect, in The Baptists have employed rural theological semina,ries of almost all secretaries in six states to train, suof the denominations with employed pervise and help rural pastors. The rural officers. All of these officers Methodists have a number of socooperated in summer schools. Oon- called rural leadership professors in ferences of various kinds were held. all their theological seminaries and in Some covered a minor unit of the de- some colleges. nomination and were held in connection with another meeting; some in The Par Standard has been revised local churches for the church and its and simplified. There are three community, Such conferences were Standards, the simplest of ten points definitely promoted by one denomi. for' use in uncomplicated, opennation. Others held schools for country situations; t~ fifty point church, community, and religious Standard for use in the exceptional educational methods, using the minor church and comprehensive condition. unit next above the .local church. A pamphlet detailing these Standards will probably be printed. Rural committees or commissions were organized in each minor unit of An endeavor has been made to coseveral denominations. These were ordinate the efforts of the various to keep the rural subject before the church boards that are interested in authorities of the churches, District, promoting summer schools for rural Association, or Presbytery, to study workers, and to bring this united supneeds, and to cooperate with the na- port to the State Colleges of Agritional department in channeling culture and other institutions interdown its material. ested in such schools. In more than one instance all that the authorities Demonstration parishes were used of the Agricultural Colleges' Sumby a number. These are taking on mer Schools are waiting for to estabbroader programs than in the early lish a Rural Pastors' Summer School days, and are experimenting with is assurance of the support of various many of the newer ideas. The older church boards. type of demonstration is all but gone, its program being now the accepted The Federal Department of Agrithing for the country church, no mat- culture has promised that it would ter how far short of it the average issue a booklet setting forth the recongregation may fall. sources which federal and state gov- ernments can place behind the in.di- Promotional literature was issued vidual rural community. It is felt in some communities. Therc is not as that this book will be of value to. every much of this as formerly and it is rural pastor. used most where the work is newest. A few of the denominations issue de- Mrs. John C. Campbell, of the Ruspartmental publications. sell Sage Foundation, desires to es- tablish a training school for mountain Loan libraries of v!ll1'ious sorts were missionaries in Knoxville, Tennessee, utilized and publicity given to these. or other center. Dr. William J. A valuable expansion of this idea is Hutchins, President of Berea College. that of the Congregationalists who has the same idea in mind. EDITED BY MISS ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 25 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY We know the readers of our Bulletin will be delighted and thrilled with this wonderful message from our own Mrs. E. C. Cronk. She is one of the few outstanding women who are working to bring up a generation of boys and girls who will make a "warless world" possible. Give this message the widest possible pUblicity.

'rhe Report of the significant Conference on "Law Enforcement" is now ready. ana can be had from 129 East 52d St., New York City. Fifteen cents per copy, or ten copies for one dollar. Send for it. You will find it priceless. E. D. M.

THE MISSIONARY ENTERPRISE IN first missionary, eight are devoted to RELATION TO WORLD PEACE world peace. Next to "Glory to God K~THAI<INE SCHERER CRoNK, Philadelphia in the highest" stand "peace on earth, good will toward men." Excerpts from an address delivered at the anmtal meeting of the Federation of Wom· In the face of this announcement an'3 Boards of Foreign Mi.•.•wns of North made by the angels or heaven, dare America, in Atlantio City, January, 1926. we claim today that war and peace The begiiming of the missionary are matters for the consideration of enterprise was the coming of Christ to earth. Of such importancE) is the other organizations and conventions but not for the Church and her mis- sionary councils1 After thousands of years of war, hatred and bloodshed throughout Old Testament days came the angels' song of peace, love and disarmament. The Lord Christ sent out His disciples not only to a nation-wide but to a world-wide bloodless conquest.

Scoffers today, as in the past, charge that "The Church is impo- tent. What has the Church done"1 "Eyes have they, but they see not. "

Darwin also scoffed in his day until he saw what the Church was accom- plishing through missions. Then he testified. "The lesson of the mission- ary is the magician's wand," and ac- cepted with appreciation an invita- tion to honorary membership in the South American Missionary Society.

Among the many accomplishments of the missionary enterprise for world peace let us consider six.

1. It has helped to make the world a neighborhood. It's an old story for MRS. E. C. CRONK speakers nowadays to draw from their pockets a daiIy paper published relation of the missionary enterprise in some 'Oriental city and show us the to world peace that of the fourteen football score of American colleges, words recorded in the message of the the latest market quotations from angels heralding the coming of the New York, and even "Jiggs and 554 Maggie. " Who pioneered the way than upon the presence of British for world neighb-orliness T Some troops. " time ago the London Times conceded, "We owe it to the missionaries that General Crowder: "Missionaries the whole region of South Africa has can do more than diplomats or busibeen opened up." ness men to maintain international peace and promote harmonious rela· Similar statements have been made tionships between the United States regarding other countries by voices as and the Far East." far from domination by a board of missionary direction as is the Times. General Charles Warren, when gov- ernor of Natal: "For the preserva- 2. The missionary enterprise has tion of peace between colonists and played an important part in estab- natives one missionary is worth a lishing the schools and making the battalion of soldiers." textbooks of the world. Domingo Sacramento, elected President of the America's first treaty with China Republie of Argentina while he was was negotiated in 1844 by the Hon. representing his eountry at Wash- Caleb Cushing and Dr. Peter Parker, ington, went back with the slogan: pioneer medical missionary.

"THE MORE SCHOOLS THE FEWER Missionaries have been the victims REVOLUTIONS.' , rather than the cause of uprisings due to the unwarranted aggression of And straightway appointed a mis- the countries they represented. sionary as his Minister of Education. John W. Barrett, former United Ziegenbalg, Schwartz and Carey in States Minister to Siam, declared India, Moffat and Livingstone in Af- that, during his five years of service, rica; Gale in Korea and Hepburn in one hundred and fifteen missionaries Japan, helped to reduce to writing gave him less trouble than fifteen the languages of nations, and together business men. with their pupils helped to make the textbooks of the world. 5. The missionary enterprise" llas established friendships not only 3. The missionary enterprise has among nations but also among indio helped to establish the world's busi- vidua,!!.'!. aere lies one of the most ness relationships. Sir W. Mack- active and' effective means of world worth Young, returning> to Great peaee. Those first friendships be· Britain after his Lieutenant Govern- tween nationals of different countries ship of the Punjab testified: "As a were brought about in almost every business man, I am prepared to say instance by missionaries. that the work which has been done by missionary agency in India exceeds in 6. The missionary enterprise has importance all that has been done made known throughout the world (and much has been done), by the Jesus Christ, the only hope for a British Government in India since its world of peace and good will. commencement. Thus viewing the relationship of the 4. The missionary enterprise has missionary enterprise to world peace helped to establish diplomatic rela- through the perspective of history we tions and to make peace programs. recognize its value. With "hats off In more than one country, mission- to the past" there comes a call for aries have been in tjJ.e receiving line "coats off to the future." when the first officially appointed government representatives arrived. Five suggestions for ways of work- ing are offered: The testimony of three prominent diplomats is to the point. Maitland, 1. First of all we must know. Even when governor of Cape Colony, said: before we can pray intelligently we must know. "Knowledge is power." "I have always relied more upon the labors of missionaries for the A brilliant young student said repeaceful government of the natives cently: "The trouble with the mis· sionary women is that most, of them read nothing, know nothing and talk

nothing except their own specific ternational Houses, so individually work." there must be established an interna- Now I am persuaded that among tional house in our hearts. " Thou magazines there is none of greater shalt make unto thee friends of other value than the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, but it is not the only nations and be to them a friend" is" an unwritten code of a warless world.

magazine for the enlightenment of Notwithstandi~g all the really good women who want to be world citizens. literature published by our mission- All over our land tnere should be ary agencies, there is enough of misstudy classes and discussion groups interpretation and misrepresentation using such books as ' , On Earth and "superiority complex" on our shelves to incite a world war. Peace."· 2. We should pray. "More things No publications should be counteare wrought by prayer than this nanced which are not fair and world dreams of." Prayer for world friendly. An unvarying requirement peace should be made in every mis- in missionary literature should be sionary group and by every miss.ion- careful criticism before publication ary worker. At this time of crisis by missionaries and nationals of the Boards issuing Prayer Calendars countries dealt with.

might well sound tlte call for daily 5. We should train our boys and prayer for peace. girls in ways of world friendship and 3. We should vote. The old slogan world peace. True internationalism "Vote as you pray," which originally does not spring full clothed from a carried only masculine implication, resolution adopted in convention of suggests also feminine responsibility federation meetings. There was a in our day. Many of us women have ·generation between the first Female a feeling of modest virtue if we Mite Society and the Student Volun- shrink from the polls. The indiffer- teer Movement. Even though mothers ent good citizen is a menace. We no longer rock the condemned and un- cannot be honest and fair with our- sanitary cradles, mother hands still selves and with the world if we sit in rule the world. There was a genera- comfortable and sheltered rocking tion between the first appearance of cbairs while agencies of evil are elect- tiny bows of white ribbon pinned to ing to responsible office men and mothers' dresses before strong young women who will make and further voters passed the 18th Amendment.

policies of unrighteousness and in- There is a sort of hopelessness justice which will lead to hatred and about changing the attitudes of age. bloodshed. We have no right to glory Youth is the only hope of human in the missionary achievements of the agency for a warless world. past, in a present which tolerates unrighteous aggression and forces on Why are we so laggard in teaching another nation harmful narcotics, un- principles and practices of world less we are doing everything in our friendship to our boys and girls? power to right the wrongs. Why do we satiate their omnivorous hunger for reading with questionable 4. We should practice friendship. books and periodicals while our one No binding friendship of legislation magazine for world friendship and can be passed by congresses and parliaments, but even as collectively we world peace is at hand Y Would that meet the international opportunity in we could place Everyland in the our cosmopolitan cities through In- hands of every jUl'lior and intermedi- ate boy and girl in the world.

""On Earth Peace" is one result of the Con- Would that we could properly estiference on the Cause and CUre of War, he'd in mate the strategic value of boys and Washington, D. C., in January, 1925. Price 30 cents. Order from Miss May H. Leavis. girls in making and maintaining P. O. Box 4, North Cambridge, Mass., or from peace in the earth. your own Home or Foreign Mission Boards.'

FROM .MANY

NORTH AMERICA run bakeries; you find them in the real estate business; many of them are e~· Mormons Ask to Hear the Gospel ployed in banks and some of them a.re ~n the professions. .They seem to fit In ill REV. E. W. HALLOWELL, Sun- day-school missionary in Idaho, any line of work. The poorer classes work under the Presbyterian Board of Na- in the fields, in d~iries, as day .laborers .on tional Missions, writes of a recent ex- the railroad and hIghways, and In factorIes, perience: "The people had asked me and in the south as fishermen.

to come to the Emerson district to A Conference on Rural Work hold the revival because the mothers and fathers were beginning to feel THREE interdenomina~i~nal meet- the effect of the Mormon lethargy on ings of State Home MISSIOn execu- their children and they were anxious tives were held at Utica, Rochester to do all they could to overcome its and Ithaca on May 7, 10, and 11, for influence. The people went around the promotion of some plan whereby the work of the churches may be so themselves, 'Supplementing my per- coordinated as to provide more satis- sonal work with their own efforts. As factory religious. work in town and . a result, the entire community was country sections. Dr. Charles E. V~r­ milya, Secretary of the Home Mls- stirred, so that even the Mormon sions Council, Dr. Ralph A. Felton of bishop came to me and asked us to Cornell University, who has made an come into their larger room on the extensive study of rural church con- last night of the service and give their ditions in the state, and Dr. U. L. people a chance to hear the sermon. Mackey were among those present. There were over one hundred at the The committee on. more permanent service, thirty being Mormons. At plans arranged to meet on June 1st in the close the bishop came to me and, Syracuse, to perfect arrangements I think honestly, thanked me for the whereby the relieving of overchurched services of the week."

Portuguese in America and underchurched situations may be undertaken in a more definite and ex- THERE are about 100,000 :foreign- tensive way. born Portuguese people in the United States for whom practically CouneU'. Prohibition Co_ittee nothing is being done by the. evan- IN ORDER to give effect to the ac- gelicai denominations, accordmg to tion of the Executive Committee Rev. Henry J. McCall, San Leandro, of the Federal Council which referred Cal. They have come from Portugal, to the Administrative Committee the tIhsleanAdzsoreas~dMtahdeeirHa,awthaeiiCanapeIsVlaenrddse. question of further activity in behalf of temperance and prohibifion, the Mr. McCall writes of those in Cali- following special committee has been fornia: appointed on this subject: Rev. Frank Mason North, Honorable Carl E. They make good American e.itizens,. and it Milliken, Bishop James CannJohn, JMr., Mrs. John Ferguson, Rev. 0 n . is not uncommon for Amerwan girls to Moore, Rev. Charles E. Burton, and marry Portuguese boys. In the San Lean· Dr. Robert E. Speer. Its aims have dro district they are chiefly dairymen. been outlm' ed as f 0IIows: (1) "To They are good fruit growers; they make good truck gardeners; they ?wn groce~y stores (a Portuguese grocer m. San LUIS Obispo is practically a millionaIre); they 557

give early attention to the prepara- The present enrollment in the regular tion and circulation of pamphlet lit- school term is 3,673, with an additional erature designed to continue with in- enrollment of 3,595 for the summer creasing emphasis the education of the schools and conferences, a total of over people as to the fundamental reasons 7,000. These schools give a common for prohibition. (2) To consider education, they prepare students for college, they fit girls and boys to be whether the need for speeial study home-makers, and they give training courses of discussion outlines on pro- in trades and industries, which ill! the hibition, for use in Sunday-schools, largest school number fifteen. . Dr. young people's groups and student Thomas Jesse Jones, Educational Diorganizations, is adequately met at rector of the Phelps Stokes Fund, the present time, and, if not, take says: steps, in cooperation with the proper organizations, to provide such educa- The aim, policy and organization of The American Church Institute for Negroes tional materials. (3) To inquire into constitute one of the most effective agencies the question of temperance instruc- in the South for the development of the tion in the public schools, with a view Negroes as well as for the cultivation of to seeing whether anything could be helpful relationships between the white ani! done to reinforce such a program." colored people.

Presbyterian Work for Indians Methodid Service Program T A HE annual report of the Presby- COMMITTEE of seven Bishops to terian Board of National Missions conduct a two-year campaign in says that several tribal groups and behalf of the world service program communities of Indians which have was named by the Board of Bishops been served for one or two generations of the Methodist Episcopal Church at have been practically evangelized and their recent meeting in Washington, won from their old worship and the D. C. The committee consists of dominance of the medicine man. The Bishops Birney of China, Blake of Dakota Sioux, the Choctaws, the Nez Paris, Miller of Mexico City, Fisher Perces, the Umatillas, the Pimas and of India, Hughes of Chicago, Nich- Spokanes belong in this classification. olson of Detroit and Henderson of The Sioux Indian churches in four Cincinnati.

states, numbering thirty-six organized The committee will endeavor to congregations, exemplify the new arouse renewed interest in America order of affairs in·a country most in foreign mission work and to inhostile and most dangerous to the white population a generation ago. crease the revenues of the denomina- The large governmen~ boarding schools tion for this work.

now systematically provided for, Presbyterian Foreign Missions either by Presbyterian missionaries THE Board of Foreign Missions of or in cooperation with other denomi- the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. reports that at the close of nations in support of Protestant re- the church year, March 31, 1926, ligi()us work directors, are the fields there were engaged in the evangelistic of most recent notable advance in side of work 409 ordained mission- effort and in results.

Church Institute for Negroes aries, working with the native forces of 584 ordained ministers, and 2,725 THIS organization, founded in unordained men and women workers. 1906, is one of the agencies of the These were in charge of 5,830 organ- National Council of the Protestant ized churches and other groups of Episcopal Church. In these twenty Christians, with a total church mem- years about 36,000 students have been bership of 217,857. All missionaries enrolled, and the number of schools do more or less direct evangelistic under the Institute has grown to ten. work, and many of them who are not

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ordained ministers are devoting all As a Missionary Board, we have a g,·.."t their time to this type of work. There interest in the development of ChriBtiau were 2,533 Foreign Board schools of ideals in China. Even though we have only all grades, including colleges and a small work there, we believe that 'Iil technical schools connected with Pres- missionary interests should entirely repudi byterian Foreign Mission work, in ate all extraterritorial privileges and all which 117,400 students were being protection from the military arm of the trained under Christian instruction. Government. In the medical field of service, in 85 hospitals doctors and nurses minis- We believe that missionaries should go to tered to the needs of 49,916 in-pa- proclaim Christ's way of Life, Loye, tients, while in 115 dispensaries they Friendship, Goodwill and Brotherhood,to all treated almost 1,000,000 out-patients. mankind. We believe that His way of The seven printing presses produced Life is the very antithesis of force. 125,193,474 pages of the Bible and other literature. The total number of In any new treaties which are made we missionaries was 1,579 and the amount want to record our conviction that no of money spent $4,774,000. special toleration clauses for the protect~on of missionaries should be included whiCh Quaker Approach to Japan give special privileges beyond those which the ,chinese Government is willing to offer. WHAT is characterized by the Christian Century as "one of the Ohinese in San Francisco most imaginative enterprises to be announced by an American religious DISTINCT changes are noticeable organization in recent years" is that in the Chinese attitude to the of the American Friends Service Com- problems of Chinatown. The whole mittee. In an effort to allay the pres- Chinese community, Christian and ent suspicions between Japan and this non-Christian alike, is accepting a new country the committee has made an responsibility for its ()wn people. appeal for funds whereby one hun- There has been built a first-class Chidred mature Japanese students-ap- nese hospital with scientific equipment proximately the same number of Jap- in all departments. A Chinese Y. M. anese as are excluded from the C. A. building has been erected. A United States by the working of the new printing offtce has been estabpresent immigration law-are to be lished which has the only Christian brought to this country annually for editor of a Chinese paper edited in the postgraduate study. At the same community. A forward-looking protime, approximately a like number of gram must increasingly develop the American students are to be given an Chinese themselves to carry as much opportunity for study in the universi- as possible of the responsibility for ties of Japan. their own people.

American Friend. and Ohina Alaskan Progress THE American Friends Board of AT BARROW, in the Arctic section, Foreign Missions in its annual ses- practically every resident adult sion, Richmond, Indiana, May 10-12, Eskimo is a member of the church. expressed deep sympathy with the The Eskimos were only one generation difficulties through which the Chinese removed from the stone age, yet they nation is passing. A minute adopted are merging rapidly into modern at the meeting says: civilization. The work of the Presby- terian hospital at Point Barrow, the We deplore the un· Christian methods, "farthest north" hospital in the practices and policies which have been in· world, was carried on with a smaller flicted on China by so·called Christian na· number of patients than usual because tions. We especially deplore the use of of the fact that the sanitary teachings military force in order to perpetuate in· of the doctor and the. nurse have bedefensible political privileges in China. gun to register their effect in the lives of the people. The homes of the Alaskan natives are clean and well- kept. They are taking advantage of the splendid school maintained by the

Government. They have organized I was just ooIning into J. that Sunday native cooperative stores in nine morning from a trip higher up in the monnpoints north of the Arctic, and the tains and found the people full of exciteonly thing that prevents their achiev- ment. Many had taken their saints (inutgl's) ing of a high degree of economic in- out into their yards and were kneeling bedependence is their inability to trans- fore them and reeiting their prayel·s. News port reindeer meat to markets. had flown from door to door that the , 'Ghrist of the Evangelicals" was coming LA·TIN AMERICA in the clouds. One wOlIUln who had once made a profession of faith in one of our Friendly Vbitora to :Medco meetings was heard to cry out: "0 Lord, thou knowest that I am one of those who ACONFERENCE on Friendly Re- believed, and that I fell away, but forgive lations Between the United States me, Lord." and Mexico, which met in Mexico City, April 10th to 20th, was organized by Brave Workers in Nicaragua Hubert C. Herring of the Congregational Education Society, and Miss REV. W. F. ABERLE, of the Cen- Caroline Duval Smith of the Y. W. tral American Mission in Nicara- C. A. of Mexico. The members of the gua, whose workers recently met with group–twenty-two ministers, laymen, such violent opposition, writes: educators and editors-provided their own expenses, and the overhead ex- "The Granada situation is much pense was met by special gifts from improved. The Government insures interested donors. During the course our protection and peace and there is of the ten days, the group met with much to encourage our hearts." representatives of the Mexican Government, including President Calles, He describes a meeting held by the and listened to addresses from repre- mission, and says: sentatives of various points of view, business, political, educational, re- The woman on the opposite eorner thought ligious, and cultural. It made trips she would molest us a lot by having the to near-by villages, studying at first drums come and play in her house, bllt we hand the land question, the religious simpJy shut the door and went on without issue, and public education. The any trouble at all. When some of the peo· group was cordially received by all pIe began throwing stones at the door and elements in Mexico City, govern- on the roof, the Jefe Politico sent more mental and otherwise. They have re- policemen, who guarded the doors of Dona turned with a deep sense of obligation Isabel's house until her drunken drummers to contribute something towards the went home after eleven 0 'clock. In their understanding between the two coun- drunken fury they would beat their drums tries. "t a terrmc rate, yelling "0, sweetest Virgin, take away these Protestant.s." They An Airplane in Guatemala had a procession thanking the Virgin for getting us out of Granada, and now that THERE are many places in Guate- we have not really gone, but have returned mala where the automobile has after a few days in Managua, the men tease never yet gone. There are even said the women, telling them the Virgin fooled to be many Indians who look on the them. railroad as a thing of the devil and who will not risk their lives on so Dominican "Endeavorers" diabolical a contraption as a train. One may well imagine, then, the con- AT HATO MAYOR, in the Dominsternation caused by two airplanes ican Republic, some genuine that flew over the north part of the Christian work is being done, which country a few months ago on their is described in the Christian Endeavor return trip to Colombia. A Presby- World: "Julio Filomeno became a terian native preacher tells the story Christian and also a Christian En- deavorer at San Pedro de Macoris. as follows: He is a barber by trade, and a happy Christian by habit. He secured the Singer Sewing Machine agency at Hato Mayor, and moved with his family to that former center of ban- ditry. About the same time Jose A. Manana, an Endeavorer from San Cristobal, became postmaster at Hato

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Mayor. The two families undertook people, and then one or two of them the formation of a Christian En- come down to Lima and make indeavor society, and in November of quiries, and so it goes on." 1923 the society, with twenty-two members, elected its first officers. Buenos Aires Boys' School "These Endeavorers got a room and THE Colegio Americano, conducted began work, Julio doing most of the by the Christian Missionary Sopreaching. The result is that Hato ciety (Disciples) at Buenos Aires, Mayor has a really native church, and Argentina, graduated seven from the it is the only church in the republic commercial department and one from which approaches self-support. It re- the high school at the annual comceives no money from the Board for mencement. Certificates were also Christian Work in Santo Domingo, granted to fifteen boys who had comand its only outside aid is an allow- pleted the work of the grades. The ance of about ten dollars a month diplomas and certificates were prefrom the conference of native sented by the U. S. Ambassador, Peter churches, for help toward the rent of Augustus Jay. Colegio Americano a building. The present building is enrolled 250 boys in the various denct large enough for the work. The partments during the past schcol year. influence of the church is shown by Bible study is a part of the curricthe fact that recently the mayor of the ulum and Sunday-school and church town told Julio that if the Evan- services are held weekly for the fifty gelicos would like a church, and boys who live in the school dormiwould ask for it, the town would deed tories. Athletics and a Boy Scout them a good lot acrcss the street from troop are among the extra-curricular their present location, on condition activities. that they would start building within a year." EUROPE "A Seed of God'. Planting" Britioh Missionary De:ll.cits REV. JOHN RITCHIE, a repre- T HE following statement of the fi- sentative of the Evangelical nancial condition of six British Union of South America in Lima, missionary societies is being quoted. Peru, in describing the little groups No report is given of either the of believers won on his evangelistic Church Missionary or the London tours, says: "We get them to organ- Missionary Society, both of which are ize a committee from among them- said to have very large deficits: selves that they may see to it that meetings are regularly held. We say The Church of Scotland spent £79,- to them, 'You do not need a priest. 657 last year, while its income was but .Gather and worship God, He is your £69,996. Its total accumulated deficit Father. Ccme to Him, read His word for missionary work now stands at in His Book, learn His will, sing His £20,532. The Friends 'Foreign Mispraises. ' And so they gather-not sionary Association received last year in what you would call church wor- £28,499, which was £10,275 below ship, although to them it is. To help its expenditure. The Presbyterian them we circulate among them various Church of England had an income of books, such as the sermons of Mcody, £43,593, and an expenditure of £47,- Spurgeon, and Wesley. If they have 218. The accumulated missionary defno preacher they can read a sermon, icit of this church is now £7,453. The and so the thing grows-the wonder Society for the Propagation of the is to see it grow. And how this seed Gospel had a total income of £342,50l. of God's planting gets blown over the While this represents an increase over hills! One man tells another and he the previcus year, it failed to reach gets interested, and interests other the expenditures of £363,026. The United Free Church of Scotland re- 6 ceived for work over-seas £185,215,

while the expenditure was £190,830. which is another new thing. For The accumulated deficit in this church evangelical books, hitherto published has now become £15,506. The Meth- only by evangelical publishing houses, odist F'oreign Missionary Society had have scarcely ever been sold by any an income of £316,388, to meet a agencies outside their own circles. budget of £3i36,779. The translation of "The Meaning of Faith" was made by the Committee English Methodist Union on Cooperation in 1;..atin America, which also a.rranged for the publica- T HE hope of union between the tion of this book and a number of three branches of the Methodist others by Sr. Jono, during a recent Church in England, the Wesleyan, visit of the Secretary, Samuel G. In- Primitive, and United, has been so man, to Madrid. strong that in the REVIEW of June, 1925, the union was spoken of as al- Russian Interest in Buddhism. most an accomplished fact. The lates!; reports state that the. plans for unit- T HE Russian Academy of Science ing the three churches have been con- is arranging for a Buddhist Considerably advanced by a decision gress in Leningrad this fall. Dr. which "indicates agreement over Tedor Scherbitsky, the great Orienquestions that have hitherto proved a talist and a member of a very eminent barrier to llnity." Difficulties which family of the old regime, will have had arisen between two conflicting charge of the meeting. He has long sections in the Wesleyan Church, as enjoyed the personal friendship of to doctrinal standards and the ad- some of the great lamas of Tibet and ministration of the Lord's Supper, Mongolia. "Why," asks Christian have at length been harmoniously ar- W ark, "do the Russians plan the ranged. After the plans now con- congress ~ At any rate, it brings templated are finally approved by a them into friendly touch with Asia. majority of the three churches, it will Mongolia already has a_ Soviet form be necessary to promote a bill in Par- of government. Report has it that in liament, in o.rder to give legal au- Moscow the Bolshevists have opened a thority to the union. It is thought university exclusively for Chinese that the bill, already in draft, may be- students. The Russians publish a come law by the spring of 1928. weekly and a monthly periodical ex- clusively in the interests of the Orien- Protestant Books in Spanish tals. The proposed congress lies along the line of their past work. In AN EVENT of unusual significance former days St. Petersburg produced ft to Spanish-speaking Protestant- the world's greatest Orientalists. The Russian Academy is keeping up ism is the publishing by Jorro, one of the tradition. Its interest did much the biggest publishing houses in to enable the Oriental scholars of var- Madrid, of a translation of "The ious countries to translate the ancient Meaning of Faith," by Fosdick. It is sacred books of Asia and even helped probably the first time that a large make possible the Sansrit-English secular publishing house in the dictionary. The Ethnography Mu- Spanish-speaking wodd has deliber- seum, one of the products of the ately disregarded the criticism that Academy, has the greatest collection will be brought on it by reactionary illustrating Oriental culture in the forces and put its imprint on a Prot- world." estant book, so distinctly religious that it contains Scriptures and pray- Ukrainian Protestant Movem.ent ers for daily study. The publication of this book by the house of J orro T HE Ukrainian Evangelical Almeans that it will automatically be liance of North America is apput on sale in the large book stores all pealing for help for a religious moveover the Spanish-speaking world,

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ment which started among the Ukrain- of North America recently sent a ians in Europe two years ago. It has memorandum to President Coolidge, made itself felt in the Ukraine proper, Secretary of State Kellogg and Sen- a semi-independent state of the Soviet ator Borah, recommending that the Federation, in Ruthenia, a province of United States cooperate with the Czechoslovakia largely inhabited by League of Nations in adopting a new Ukrainians, and among the Ukrainian international convention which would refugees, exiles and students who are free tens or hundreds of thousands of congregated in large numbers in such persons from conditions which closely centers as Prague and Paris. But the resemble slavery.

movement has been especially significant in Galicia and Volhyn, provinces Ohrist in Old Cairo Hospital O of Poland populated by Ukrainians. F THE hospital conducted by the C. M. S. in Old Cairo, Miss Con- With the cooperation of the Central Bureau for the Relief of the Evan- stance Padwick writes: "It is won- derful enough as an object lesson for gelical Churches of Europe, the active the people of a thousand villages, who, assistance of a number of American in coming into the compound see, gencongregations and with the enthusias- erally for the first time, a community tic backing of the Ukrainian Evan- which has the spirit of a home, where gelical Alliance, seven missionaries no one demands baksheesh for every are now at work in this field. But so service, and where there is kindliness many thousands of people are mani- for the very stupid and the humble. festing their interest in the Protestant 'Dr. Harpur,' said a Syrian lady in faith, by attendance at services, by trying to account for the influence of asking for Bibles and religious litera- the hospital, 'treats all the fellaheen ture that the few men now on the field as if they were great people, and all are overwhelmed by the demands Egypt loves him. ' The patients know made upon them. that Christ is in that compound and AFRIOA they carry the news. Little Hamida, E:rlsting Forms of Slavery aged ten, after a dream in which the Christ had lifted up the bedclothes THE Foreign Policy Association and the cradle and touched her tuber- announces that slavery in the man- cular knee, said next morning, 'I dated areas of Africa has been legally know it will be healed now. He is not abolished. This does not imply that like your pictures, but one thousand slavery in " frica has disappeared, for times better. When I go I am going domestic slavery and very oppressive to tell my brother about Him. He can enforced labor is still practiced in tell the boys and I'll tell the girls.'

many parts of Africa (especially So the news of that Person spreads."

Portuguese Colonies). Flogging is permitted and the forced labor al- Heroic Village Teachers T lowed for public works is given the HE story of Kadisha, a Congo elder, whom his enemies had manbroadest interpretation so that practically, slavery still exists. In French aged to have imprisoned for two Togoland and the Cameroons natives weeks, is told by J. Sayles in The are said to have fied to Spanish Christian Observer. He says: "When and Portuguese territory to escape the fortnight was over and he had abuses. been released, quite simply he went The League of Nations, in 1920, back to hiS! work, although he knew appointed a commission to investigate that his enemies would laugh at him slavery, and is now proposing to all and hurl insults. Again he walks nations, including the United States, from village to village preaching the an international agreement on the Word, and we learn that the pagans subject which is full of loopholes. wonder and say, 'Where does this The Foreign Missions Conference strength come from ¥' Great souls arB-

found among these African village well as his wife, and with his conteachers. It is hard to understand version the little village has become what it means to these babes in Christ entirely Christian. to be living in the midst of an indifferent or hostile population, to be New Opening in the Sudan witnesses for Christ amongst Satan worshipers, to preach often to empty BRITISH Government officials in a benches, to be laughed at, to be in- province in northern Nigeria sulted, to! be threatened and beaten, have offered to open a "closed" tribe to have to struggle with the igno- to the workers of the Sudan United rance, the doubts, the temptations of Mission. This tribe has been closed their own hearts; all this by them- until now because of the frequency of selves without comfort and compan- murder. Murder seems to be rather ionship in the far-away villages of the like a pastime to them, but possibly African jungle; knowing that if they there may be a religious or fetish sigwent to other concerns they would nificance at the bottom of some of have an easier life and earn bigger their apparent crime. Christian mismoney. Yet they stick to their work, sionary influence has often done more and do it to the best of their ability to counteract the tendency to kill than for just one reason: They love our all the punishment which has been Lord Jesus .Christ." meted out by the Government. In the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan the S. U. M. A Wife'. Knowledge missionaries in the Nuba Mountains Province, inhabited by pagan hill A MAN in one of the small African tribes, have been asked by the Gov- villages not far f,rom Elat was ernment to occupy another district, in the subject of much earnest prayer the hope that their presence may have and effort on the part of his friends. a beneficial effect. The admission of because he was so stubborn in his re- missionaries to their first station in fusal to accept Christianity. Every- that province resulted, after a time, in body else in his village was a Chris- the Government being able to withtian, his wife being a faithful fol- draw the garrison they had in the dislower of the "Jesus teaching." This trict. man would not tell his friends why he was so set in his determination, but Conference on Africa in Belgium one day, when Mrs. Lippert was visiting his village, she found him in the AN INTERNATIONAL Conference meeting she was conducting and on the Christian Mission in Aftalked to him. In the course of con- rica is being convened by the Internaversation he revealed his secret. tional Missionary Council at Le Zoute, Belgium, from September 14th to 21st "I just feel bad in my heart," he next. Membership will be restricted said. " You see, my wife confessed to 250 persons, 200 of whom will be God a long time ago, and she started nominated by the missionary societies to school and has learned the book. of Great Britain, North Ameriea, and .soon I shall have the shame of having the Continent of Europe, and fifty a wife that knows more than I do. So places will be left for government I try to make her much trouble." offi~ials, educational speeialists, and African guests. The chairman will be When he had once put his objection Dr. Donald Fraser, late of Nyasaland, into words, the man was compelled to and now one of the Secretaries of the laugh at it himself, and it didn't take United Free Church of Scotland Mislong then for the missionary to bring sions. The main headings of the prohim to a right understanding of both ceedings are "The Specific Task of himself and the God he was trying Christian Missions in Africa" and not to know. He promised to begin " The Relation between Christian to go to school the very next day, so Missions and Other Forces Impinging that he could "learn the book" as on,Afriean Life." Among those who

NEWS FRiOM MANY LANDS

are expected to take part are Mr. J. costly features whieh have been part H. Oldham, Dr. Thomas Jesse Jones, of the Turkish weddings for ages. Dr. Anson Phelps-Stokes, Dr. D. The law forbids the transportation of Westermann of Berlin, Bishop Camp- the bride's goods to the home of he;r bell of Liberia, and Dr. W. C. Wil- prospective husband, which hitherto loughby, formerly of Tigerkloof and has been the occasion of great. "pomp now of the Kennedy School of Mis- and parade. The marriage feast must sions, U. S. A. not last more than a day, whereas formerly such celebrations frequently THE NEAR EAST continued for a week, and the bride's father kept open h()Use, not only for The Hospita.l in Tiberias relatives and friends, but also for en- tire neighborhoods or villages and for AFTER describing the rapid mod- any passer-by who wanted a free meal. ernization of Tiberias, so that The feast may be attended only by "it would be hard for Herod Antipas relatives and those formally invited. to recognize his old town again," Dr. Most drastic of all from the bride's Herbert W. Torrance, of the United standpoint, there must be no wedding F'ree Church of Scotland, writes of gifts. " the mission hospital, in which he says there have been as many as fourteen Turkish Colonel Buys a Bible nationalities at one time; "In-patients .have varied from a Jewish rabbi from F LYMAN MacCOLLUM relates in . Jerusalem to Jewish refugees from • the Record of the American Bible Bagdad and ·Mosul; from an Italian Society the following experience of a Mother Superior of a convent to a colporteur: "I would like a copy of Persian woman of the Bahai religion; the Holy Book in a good binding, to from a plucky little boy wounded on keep on my desk opposite this Kothe slopes of Mount Hermon by a ran, " said the 1'urkish colonel. French aeroplane bomb to a British " Don't be afraid of me," he smiled. officer who was thrown from his horse "See, I haven't even got my sword and fractured a limb; from a hardy with me this morning." Then he con- Druze warrior with a portion of shell tinued more gravely, "I know little in his abdomen to a Jewish sergeant about your religion, but I admire some of the Palestinian Gendarmerie suffer- of the Christian customs. I am told ing agony from an abscess in his ear; that Christian families gather tofrom a Bethsaida fisherman to a fine gether morning and evening to pray old Moroccan Jew; from a Transjor- and sing. I wish we had such a cusdanian shepherd in a pelisse of curly tom. But with us, as you know, a white goatskin, wounded in the legs man's family is like his stove or any by porcupine quills, to an engineer in other necessary sort of furniture. We blue dungarees with an oxacetylene- have no such religious intimacy in our lamp burn of the eyes. Out-patients homes. And on the third day of our made a grand total of 12,892 attend- week I see you all, book in hand, go- ing to your places of worship, each ances." man with his family. The signt al- ways fills me with regret that we Mo- Turkish Rules for Weddings hammedans may not do likewise. I shall read your book often and glad- THE following Associated Press ly." With glowing heart the colpor- cable from Constantinople shows teur moved on. another step that is being taken by the new Turkish Government: "Fath- Report of Near Ea.st Relief ers of marriageable daughters have found a ;real friend in the governor of BECAUSE it was by an Act of Con- Constantinople province. He has gress in 1919 that Near East Re- promulgated a law restricting in great lief was incorporated, it presents an detail expenditures allowed in connection with weddings, and forbid- ding ml'Uy of the picturesque but

annual report to that body. The one Eager Lutenera in Aden recently submitted, which covers the activities of the organization for the REV. CARL J. RASMUSSEN repyear ending December 31, 1925, states resents the Danish Church Misthat the total income from all sources ~~on in the strategic town of Aden, was $4,752,239.25. Since the beginning of the WDrk 132,,532 children the gateway and stronghold," as he have been cared for. The record for calls it, of the province of Yemen in the past year shows that a total of Arabia. He writes of his work: 68,159 children were served: 21,907 in orphanages of Near East Relief; "Many barriers which prevented 8,769 supported or subsidized in other the Gospel's entrance to the people '8 orphanages or homes; 1,428 aided in hearts have been broken down. When special native schools; 5,519 super- missionaries first came the people vised and aided in homes; 17,414 fed looked upon them with suspicion. in hospitals, refugee camps or through Few wanted to have anything to' do industrial relief; and 13,122 served with them, and the schools were an in clinics. Throughout the year the abomination in their eyes. All this policy has been continued of getting passed away; the people now seek the the children out of the orphanages mission doctor and dispensaries for and into homes or apprenticed in help and advice before they go anytrades as rapidly as possible. Orphan- where else. The schools are filled with age graduates are now providing the students eager to learn English. They larger part of the teaching and med- willingly attend the daily Bible-readical nursing staff in various areas. ings and prayers. Three years ago we started a Sunday service. This Arab. Prize Kuweit Hospital branch of the work has given us far more joy than I can telL In the be- APROOF of the strong position in ginning very few people would come Kuweit, Arabia, of the mission of to listen to the Gospel; those who the Reformed Church in America is came were laughed at by their given by Rev. Edwin E. Calverley, friends; but now we get our church who writes: "A preacher in the chief hall packed every Sunday, besides mDsque had been urging his hearers to many shy and passing listeners outimitate the Christians in their relig- side the doors and windows. In our ious zeal by establishing a Moslem congregation we have seen people hospital. The idea was welcomed and from Mecca, Medina, Hadramout, and a plan made to ask for capital contri- points in the interior." butions to build the hospital, and to guarantee its continued support by Schools in Afghanistan putting a voluntary charity tax on all goods imported into the town. Over AWRITER in a Moslem newspaper three hundred signatures of mer- published in Capetown, South chants accepting the plan were se- Africa, says that future historians of cured. The Sheikh, however, refused Afghanistan will date its modern pehis support, saying he wDuld continue riod from 1919, the beginning of the to patronize the American Mission for l'eJign of the present Amir, Aman himself, his family and his retainers. IDlah. "When the Amir," says the Moreover, he declared that if the author, "began to reorganize the charity tax were collected from any country after the European model, he one through any compulsion he would turned his eye to the schools also. Acfine the collectors heavily. The enter- cordingly he introduced general eduprise was dropped and I was assured cation and founded a large number. that the mDtive that actuated most of The enterprising ambition of the those who had supported it was not so Amir led him also to inaugurate femuch hostility to us as shame that the male education in Kabul. Seminaries Moslems had nothing like our work for girls were opened. He was the to express their religious zeal. " first ruler of Mghanistan to found a Maktab Masturat-rather an unfor- tunate designation, since Masturat it-

NEWS FROM MANY UNDS

self means 'the veiled. ' Although the fectly cured. Meanwhile, Mr. Archigirls' school was a success, it was bald says he could daily baptize many more or less closed on the resolve of people who come under Boijnath's the National Assembly in 1924. For ministry. They include not only the mullas set their face against it Hindus, but Bengali and Santali peoand protested that such an institution ples, hundreds of whom are seeking ran counter to the spirit of the Koran to join the church. and that it would lower the moral level of Afghan maidens. According Moslem Soldier.. Say "Amen" to the latest information from Afghanistan, the school has been re- I N THE autumn a young Tamil opened amidst rejoicings." had his baby baptized in church," writes a missionary of the Church INDIA, SIAM AND MALAYSIA Missionary Society in the far north of India, "and asked me to go to his Outcastes Now Church Elders house for prayer that evening. When I arrived I found that he had in his REV. H. A. WHITLOCK, of the house the havildar (Indian sergeant) American Presbyterian Mission and three big, tall Punjabis of the in Lahore, India, writes of the or- regiment to which he is attached as ganization of a church in the village clerk and schoolmaster. When he of Merh and the ordination of elders: called for prayer we all stood up, "It made one thank God and take Christian and Moslem alike, and asked courage to see these men who belonged God's blessing on the house. I ended to the outcastes, who had never been the petition in the name of Christ, and anybody, now being inducted into the a loud 'Amen' came from the Mosmost sacred office in our church. It lems. When I recited the grace in the also gave one pause to think and to name of the Trinity, again the Mospray, for none of them would be cap- lems said' Amen.' It was an astonishable of reading the Word of God for ing experience. We had some good himself or of giving it to others save as he had committed it to memory. talk. " The hope of the community really lies in the children, some of whom are in S. K. Datta Refused Adllliuion our schools and can come home during the vacation and read God 's Word to THE National Christian Council of their own parents and elders! So the India, Burma and Ceylon decided Session was formed, and a sermon was to send its chairman, the Bishop of preached to them about their office, in Calcutta, and its Vice-Chairman, Dcr. the simple words which would give S. K. Datta, on a friendly visit to the them the rudiments of their duties." churches in South Africa with a view to getting into personal conference Baptisms in a COWllhed with the Christian leaders on the In- dian situation. The Government of T HE municipal cowshed serving as South Africa, has refused to allow a church and the manger serving Dr. Datta, because he is an Indian, as a pulpit, because the community to enter the country. The South Afhad no other meeting place, twenty- rican Outlook comments: eight outcaste Hindu sweepers were recently baptized Christians in the Does the Government know that Dr. Datta villagi. of Dhanbaid, Bengal, by the is one of the outstanding men of India, a Rev. C. H. Archibald, Methodist Epis- member of the Legislative Assembly of the copal missionary, according to report Government of India and the General Secrereceived by the Board of Foreign Mis- tal'-' of the Y. M. C. A. in India; that he sions. An Indian evangelist, Boij- is eld in very high regard there by all nath, recovering from leprosy, has ~I. ses of people, European, Indian, Chrisbeen traveling about the villages near :'-llian and non-Christian; that he went on a the mission leper asylum, preachin!!'. similar mission two years ago to Australia The' iloctors say he will /loon be per- and Fiji and created a most favorable im- pression' If these facts were not known, the Government has taken action with in- sufficient information and its prohibition

ought to be cancelled forthwith. If, with a After the successful completion of her full knowledge of the facts, it has for· studies in Manila, Princess Phon will bidden Dr. Datta's visit, we blnsh for be sent to the United States for post- South Africa. It is difficult to think of this graduate work. She was awarded a action a8 other than inept, short·sighted, scholarship in the Siamese Red Cross and "peninsular" to a degree. To refuse a short time ago. such a man permission to enter the Union is an attitude intelligent people cannot Siamese National Missions understand. T HE Siamese are attempting to or- School for Burmelle Girls ganize and carryon home mis- sionary work themselves, so all em- ANEW building has ;recently been phasis possible is placed on it, and opened for the Methodist high every encouragement is given the school for English-speaking girls in young people to be strong enough and Rangoon, Burma. The three hundred willing to be home missionaries, and girls at present enrolled represent a carry the Gospel to millions not yet cross-section of Rangoon's cosmopoli- reached. For a year or more this work tan population – Scotch, English, has been upon the hearts of the Chris- Eurasian, Persian, Indian, Burmese tians of Bangkok. The ancient city and Chinese. The new building, de- of Lopburee has been selected as a scribed by the Rangoon p;ress as "one suitable place for the effort. Two or of the finest school buildings in three times this place has been visited Burma," is of modern fireproof con- by a company of evangelistic workers. struction, three stories high, and con- In April an eight-day campaign was forms to all the requirements of a undertaken by a company of five men modern sanitary school building. In and one woman. In two different addition to well-lighted classrooms, places they held open-air meetings there are dormitories and kitchens for each day. Singing was used to ata number of resident students and tract. The Christian religion was exliving quarters for the two mission- pounded, morality and the Gospel aries in charge. Through the resale were preached. Interested ones were to Government of a valuable plot of received in personal interviews. Colland originally granted free in 1882, porteur work was done. A temperwhen the school was founded, a sum ance lecture was given. People were of $100,000 was realized. Two thirds well mannered and there was no opof this has gone into the new school position, but there were no marked for girls, and one third is being held results. The workers felt that the soil for use in the erection of a school for was just prepared. The work calls for boys. a family to settle there. A Christian school will be required and it may be Slamese Princess a Nurse medical work. The four Siamese churches are making regular contrib- PRINCESS PHON DISKUL of utions to the National Missions Fund. Siam, a daughter of His Royai Highness Prince Damrong, an uncle "Wild Men of Borneo" of the present ruler of that country, has just entered the training school T HE missions of the Methodist for nurses at St. Luke's Episcopal Episcopal Church in Malaysia Hospital, Manila, according to the reach many different groups of people. Living Churoh, This marks the first Rev. A. V. Klaus writes of the work time that a princess of the royal in Borneo: "In Pontianak, the capfamily has ever been permitted to ital of West Borneo, a group of Chistudy abroad. The Princess is taking nese (many of whom are not yet proup this course of study in line with fessing Christians) have raised $4,000 the policy of the King, Parajaditok, for a combined school and church whose policy is to have members of building. This amount will doubtless the royal family trained to take soon be doubled. Schools for the Chicharge of all the institutions in Siam.

1926J "NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

nese are all self-supporting. In addi- Episcopal Church in Tzechow, have tion to the Chinese work, we are try- undertaken to finance a share in proing to do our share toward the civiliza- viding an additional $3,000 within the tion of the Dyaks, the 'Wild Men of next four years. It is expected that Borneo. ' These people are being other members of the association will taught in our schools to till the soil do the same thing and so make the and work with their hands, as well finances more nearly adequate to the as to read and write. Many of our needs of the school. In addition to people in West Borneo walk as much this financial aid, several educated as ten miles in order to be able to Chinese gentry volunteered their servattend a service. II ices to teach in this school. This year there will be a faculty of nineteen; CHINA two are American missionaries, six others will receive salaries, eleven Root. of the Chinese Church volunteered their services.

REV. F. J. WHITE, D.D., of the Notable Chinese Oftl."ial American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society, says of the present PROFESSOR JOHN STEWART situation in China: BURGESS writes from "Princeton in Peking" of the administration of "The anti-Christian movement has eighteen counties around Peking, strengthened the Christian cause which, he says, constitute a sort of more than anything that has hap- District of Columbia, by Hsueh Tu pened in the whole history of Chris- Pi, one of Marshal Feng's generals, tianity in Ohina. It has sifted out who was civil governor of Kansu some unworthy adherents; it has kept Province during Feng's contr91: ."In out of the Christian ranks all but the his first six months of office in Peking, thoroughly convinced; but, best of Mayor Hsueh organized a 'model vilall, it has compelled Christians to re- lage' immediately around his yamen evaluate their religion and to take a as a demonstration for the benefit of firmer hold on God. Heretofore, it the head men of the villages in the would seem as though a sudden metropolitan, area. The streets are in tempest might sweep away the whole good order; small public parks have Christian organization. But, during been put in; every child in the area this year, while it has not been mak- goes to school; a modern playground ing new branches, it has been striking has been initiated; a health center new roots. This process has been go- with a visiting nurse has been organing on before our eyes. Many branches are unfruitful, but the root ized. " is there and will remain until the tree will blossom forth and hang The Words on the Lantern heavy with the fruits of the Spirit." R A. TORREY, JR., writes in Word Gentry Aid Mission School • and Work: "Today is one of the largest festivals of the year and I wish WHEN it was proposed to close the you could go out on the streets of this Middle School in Tzechow, Szech- dusty little walled town of Lin I wan Province, or reduce it to a junior Hsien, called a city because it is the high school grade, because of lack of county seat. The streets are jammed funds to carryon the institution with people in a holiday mood. For properly, Chinese gentry of the city two full weeks business has been at a disapproved. They organized to form standstill; stores have been closed, a "Cooperative Loan Society," with few people have been to market either the school as the chief beneficiary, in to buy or sell, little work has been order to provide" a productive endow- done in the homes, and everyone has ment of $3,000, the interest to begin been taking a vacation and spending the latter part of this year. Rev. the days visiting friends and relatives. Lewis Ravermale and Mrs. Haver- In the temples are piles of ashes where male, missionaries of the Methodist

paper and fragrant incense have been spellbound, with faces expectant and burned before the silent dusty gods, ears and eyes drinking in every smallwho sit on their thrones staring out est detail. Such touches of local color over the worshippers' heads. Little as the foreigner never could put in oil lamps flicker before these gloomy make the story vivid and real. The idols and cast a wavering glow down Japanese version of 'The Prodigal on the bowls of food set before them, Son' parable is not' Bring out the best to grow cold until some crafty-faced robe and kill the fatted calf.' Fatted priest carries them off to nourish his calves are not generally served on lean body. As they trudge past the such occasions in this land. But the entrance of the Christian chapel their father's command 'Bring out the best eyes will be greeted by a lantern three kimono and heat the bath,' is quite the feet high. It is white and luminous, proper thing to say, and quite underspeaking of peace and purity. On standable. However, what American it are the beautiful Chinese characters would think of putting it quite that in red that invite; 'Come unto me all wayY" ye that labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest.' " Buddhist Prince Y. M. C. A. Patron Bolshevism in Mongolia PRINCE TOKUGAWA, descendant of a line of powerful Buddhist A F. ALMBL.AD, sub·agent of the nobles, who drove the Christians from • British and Foreign Bible So- Japan 250 years ago, illustrated the ciety for Mongolia, writes: "We em- modern liberal attitude of Buddhism ploy thirty-one colporteurs, who, de- toward Christianity when he recently spite all the unrest, have continued urged the support of the Tokyo Y. their work steadily. During 1924, M. C. A. by every "right-minded they sold over 363,000 copies of the man." The prince, himself a Bud- Scriptures. Most of these were Chi- dhist, is president of the Japanese nese gospels and were bought by Chi- House of Peers, former chief of nese people on the borders of Mon- Japan's commissioners at the Disarm.' golia. Over 11,000 volumes were ament Conference in Washington, and gospels in the Mongolian and Tibetan one of the most influential men in his languages. The billows resulting country today. His speech before the from the political storms that have re- executive committee of the Patrons' cently swep1J over the world are being Association of the Tokyo Y. M. C. A. felt even in Mongolia. Bolshevism is included the following statement; spreading in that country, and the young Bolshevik Government in Urga My ancestors excluded Christianity from has expelled the Swedish missionaries .Japan. Today I am heartily supporting the there. Outer Mongolia is for the time Patrons' Association for the T'okyo Y. M. being closed to missionary work. In C. A., essentially a Clll'istian organizatioll. Inner, or Southern, Mongolia evan- It is a strange contrast, yet my ancestors gelization of the Mongols went on last acted according to the conditions and year as usual. " exigencies of their times, and so do we. T am not going to discuss religion, but 1 JAPAN-KOREA know this much, that Christianity is a good religion and the Y. M. C. A. is an organiza- The Prodigal Son in Japanese tion recogni£ed as a splendid gnide for young men. That is the reason why I ac THE Japanese as a nation are cepted the offer to act as one of the ad· famous at story-telling, and there visers of the Patrons' Association. It is are many. professional story-tellers, my conviction that any right-minded man who make a living entertaining with should support such a movement. their tales-both historical and fictitious. Miss Evelyn Oltmans tells how The Patrons' Association is comsome of the Christian women use this posed chiefly of leading business men gift in their work; "As the teacher who, while all do not profess to be tells a Bible story, the children listen 0hristians, are so deeply concerned about the welfare of young men and boys that they are supporting the plan

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

to raise yen 600,000 in Japan which, mense ten- and thirty-day classes for with the yen 1,000,000 already raised Bible _study, and their evangelistic in America, will make possible the zeal. There were added last year on erection of a modern building in place . confession of faith nearly 1,400 new of the one destroyed by the earth- members. Our missionaries are fac- quake and :fire. ing new and very difficult conditio.ns.

The old Korean seclusio.n is gone and Witness of a. Patient's Lite the last few years have seen flooding WHEN a Japanese clergyman into Korea, Bolshevism, Marxism, about four years ago took his Tolstoism, naturalism, agnosticism, nineteen-year-old son, who was rap- atheism and various other' isms '. idly dying of tuberculosis, to a city Books teaching these things are enterhospital in Kyoto, Japan, the authori- ing the country by thousands. Young ties were reluctant to admit a Chris- Korea, torn from the o.ld anchorage, is tian. They said, "We want it plainly being dashed hither and thither by understood that he is not to talk to waves of new tho.ught. It is not a others about his faith or distribute time for pessimism or fear, but for Christian literature." However, they earnest prayer, for vigorous evanomitted one stipulation – they neg- gelism, and for Christian educatio.n."

lected to forbid the boy to live his Christianity. Doctors and nurses soon Korean Missions in Manchuria T noticed that he was never impatient HE missionary activities of Kor- ean Christians have been referred nor quarrelsome. He was not deor spondent like the others. In his asso- to often ip. the REVIEWl. Rev. J. D.

ciation with the others he was always Buskirk, the Methodist Episcopal kind and sympathetic. Although his Mission in Seoul, reports that Korean burden was as heavy as any of theirs, Metho.dists raised last year $1,748 for he was helping them. They would ask missionary work in Manchuria, in ad- him, "How can you be so happy, suf- dition to the grant from the Board of fering as you do in the midst of all Foreign Missions. He writes: "The this T Do you not fear death?" His district superintendent, Rev. Pai answer was, "I know the true God." Hyung Sik, is a true missio.nary with One day the authorities told the mis- missionary vision for the fields be- sionary who came to visit him how' yond and with leadership to inspire much they had been impressed by the his co-workers. Four members of the boy's life and they said, "If this be Annual Conference and two supply Christianity, we want more of it." pastors work with him. They labo.r Not long after that the boy died, but under real difficulties in that diso.r- through him the way was opened for ganized, bandit-infested region. Mr.

all the patients to hear the Gospel. Sik reports that one of his pastors has The hospital is now visited by the to keep track of the movements of the missionaries and by the girls' choir bandits at all times to avoid meeting from St. Agnes' School. them. _When he learns they have left a certain village he goes to that village New Tendencies in Korea to. visit the Christians. Beside the THE Southern Presbyterian Church preachers, the Korean Woman's Mis- is responsible in Korea for a pop- sionary Society has sent a Bible wom- an to Manchuria, one of the- strongest ulation of 3,000,000, "among whom, " graduates of the Woman's Bible School. The work has made definite says the Ohristian Observer, "we have progress the past year." 92 missionaries, 5 main stations, 5 hospitals, 111 organized co~grega­ tions, 500 other places of worshIp, and a communicant membership of over Trained Christian Women T 10000. The Korean Christians are HE; W o.men 's Higher Bible Schoo.l of the Northern Presbyterian Misnoted for their prayerfulness, their devotion to God's Word, their im- e sion in Pyengyang, Korea, graduated

in February four bright young wom- served reputation for savagery, " en who are the first to complete the which the Fiji Islanders had in three years' course of the school, and former days, he says of them: "For who now go out to meet a long-felt many years now there has not been a need for more highly-trained Chris- professed heathen in the Fijian comtian workers. Such is the demand for munity. Today they are a Christian these graduates that the young women felt some difficulty in deciding which people, with church, pastor, school of their many offers to accept. One and teacher in every village. These is Bible teacher in a school in Pyeng- children of cannibals contribute year yang, one has become hospital evan- by year sufficient to support their own gelist, another accepted the position native workers and send, in addition, of Bible woman with the Australian contributions for the work of God in Mission, and the fourth will remain in other lands; and what is vastly more Pyengyang to teach in the Higher important, they have sent their Sons Bible School, and be secretary to the and daughters-hundreds of themprincipal. Those admitted to this to work and die in. New Britain, Papua and the Solomon Islands, school must be women of proved where heathenism still exists." Of Christian character under forty years one of these Fijians, who has comof age, and graduates of either an pleted six years' of service in Kabaacademy or a Bible Institute course. kada, New Britain, the missionary in Twenty-eight are enrolled this year. charge says: "He has endeared him- In addition to their studies the young self to the hearts of the people to an women are aSsigned regular duties in extent he might well be proud of, but various churches on Sundays, and in a characteristic way he lays the during the week do personal work tribute at his Master's feet with the among the women. words, 'It is not mine.' "

ISLANDS OF THE SEA Filipino Day of Prayer D RIBUTE was paid in the March, South Seas Gift for Near East M. AMBROSIO, a Filipino, • writes in The Christian Century T1925, REVIEW, to those "two mis- that on Washington's Birthday "the sionary heroines," the Misses Bald- Filipino people as a whole, through- win, who, under the Woman's Board out every barrio, town" and province of the Congregational Church, have of the nation, prayed to the Father of spent so many years in their remark- all mankind and Author of all liber- able work at Kusaie in the Caroline ties that 'America might fulfill her Islands. The ,spirit of the Christians sacred pledge of giving freedom to the whom they have trained there is Philippines.''' He speaks of the oc- shown in a recent report of a gift of casion as a "national day of prayer,"

$250 from the Kusaie Church and though he does not state by what au- Christian Endeavor Society, for the thority it was so designated, and con- benefit of orphans in the Near East. tinues: From every point of view this is a All religious sects an.d <1ellominationR, remarkable piece of generosity, espe- Protestants, Aglipayanos and Roman Cath- cially when we consider the extreme olics participated, as well as all clasBeR, -poverty of these islanders. The money students, laborers, professionals, and offi· has been sent to Miss Shane in Greece cials. All the Protestant deuominations for the benefit of the large number joined in a union prayer service at the boo 'tanical gardens; all the IWman Catholics of refugee orphans in her care. held a public mass and prayer service at the Luneta; and the Aglipayanos, the third Fijians as Missionaries religious sect, which is a nationalistic refor· mation of the Catholic Church, also held I N CONTRAST to what Rev. J. W. their services at their cathedral. Although Burton, General Secretary of the the national prayer was written· by a Prot· estant layman, Dean Jorge Bocobo of the Methodist Missionary Society of Aus- College of Law of the University of the tralasia,caU~ "an all-too-well de- Philippines, it was used by all the churches,

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

religious and social institutions, and schools vide Christendom today. The followand colleges that took part in the celebra- ing subjects have been suggested by tion. the committee for discussion: The Call to Unity; the Nature of the New Lives in the New Hebrides Church; the Church's Common Con- fession of Faith in God; the Church's CONTRIBUTIONS from certain Ministry; the Sacraments; and the Christians in Chicago made pos- Unity of Christendom and the Place sible the purchase of a new motor boat of Different Churches within It. The for the work of Dr. Maurice Frater churches are now being asked to in the New Hebrides. Dr. Frater choose their representatives, on an ap: writes in the magazine published by portionment that will total five hunthe Moody Bible Institute of a meet- dred members for the Conference. ing at which "a native brother, who was formerly a notorious cannibal, Jews Acce"dble to Go"pel voiced in earnest tones the petition of the class for God's rich blessing upon DR. J. MACDONALD WEBSTER the saints in Chicago." Continuing, of Budapest, a Scottish mission~ Dr. Frater writes: ary working among Jews, is quoted by the Missionary Herald as having em- A few Snndays ago we had a baptismal phasized at recent meeting of the Forserviee, which llI1lde a red·letter day in the eign Missions Conference of North history of the native church. Fifty-three America the accessibility of the Jews men and women came forward to acknowl- to the gospel message, when the mesedge by baptism Jesus Christ as Saviour sage is dissociated from crude eschaand Lord. The feature that specially im- tological ideas and the vagaries of pressed me was the courage and confidence "queer" Christian sects. "Nothing with which timid women accepted this chal- less than a revolution," he said, "has lenge of their faith. A New Hebrides taken place in Jewry in recent years. woman is the shyest of mortals and shrinks The removal of legal restrictions and keenly from any place of prominence. Yet discrimination in Russia, Rumania, when the names of the thirty-eight women and elsewhere has brought a sense of were called, not one was dismayed, hut with- religious as well as political deliverout the slightest evidence of fear or shrink· ance. Millions of Jews for the first ing they all came forward to confess Christ. time are coming into contact with other social ideals than their own. GENEltAL Many of them are revolting from the rule of the rabbi; to multitudes of Conference on Faith and Order them religion has no meaning. In large numbers they are leaving the ACOMMITTEE representing the synagogues. A new national con- Anglican, Baptist, Congrega- sciousness is developing." While the tional, Disciples, Eastern Orthodox, liberal movement is awar from Chris- Quaker, Lutheran, Methodist, and tianity and often anti-Christian, there Presbyterian communions, coming are many elements of hope. The from Australia, Japan, India, Greece, Christian preacher of the right 80rt Czechoslovakia, Germany, Norway, is welcomed in the ghetto. Dr. Web- Sweden, England, Scotland, and the ster has preached in over a hundred United States, met in Stockholm last such places. He has found them op- August, during the Conference on posed to certain forms of Christianity, Christian Life and Work. to issue a such as Roman and Greek orthodoxy, call in the name of their several but not to the Christ of the New Testachurches for a World Conference on ment. questions of Faith and Order to meet in Lausanne, Switzerland, in August, 1927. The World Conference will attempt to make a diagnosis of the problems of faith and order that di-

MESSJ(ONARY

Any books mentioned in tbese columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.- THE REVIEW.

Best Books on the Church and Rural life SELECTED BY DR. EDMUND DES. BRUNNER, NEW YORK Director of Town and country Surveys, Institute of Social and Religious Research- Tested Methods in Town and Country Surveying Your Community. By Edmund Churches. By Edmund deS. Brunner. deS. Brunner. 109 pp. $1.25. New York. 173 pp. $1.25. New York. A manual of survey method, show- A handbook of methods based on an ing sample schedules, prepared with intensive field study of forty out- special reference to the rural church. standingly. successful churches. Diagnosing the RUral Church. By C. Churches of Distinction in Town and Coun- Luther Fry. 234 pp. $1.75. New York. try. Edited by Edmund deS. Brunner. 198 pp. $1.50. New York. A penetrating critique of present administrative methods of evaluating Individual stories of fifteen of the churches which also develops signifimost successful town and country cant methods for improved diagnosis. churches of America, representing many types of conditions. United Churches. By Elizabeth Hooker.

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The first attempt to state in terms A practical discussion of the basis of economics and sociology a suitable for inter-church cooperation within Christian program for the rural com- the community. munity.

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son. 264 pp. $2.25. New York. Kolb and C. J. Bornman. 63 pp. 15 The matured convictions and judg- cents.

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574

THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY

How Shall Country Youth Be Served t By Our Debt and Duty to the Fanner. By Henry C. Wallace. 232, Pl'. $1.75. New H. Paul Douglass. 259 pp. $2.50. New York. York.

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Scouts. Rural Education. By O. G. Brim. 302 Pl'· $1.40. New York. fhe Town and Country Church in the United States. By H. H. Morse and E,d· The most recent general survey of IDund deS. Brunner. 180 pp. $1.75. the topic. New York.

Studies in rural church welfare Ice Breakers and the Ice Breaker Herself. summarizing intensive field studies in Edna Geister. 2M pp. $1.35. New twenty-five typical counties distrib- York. uted throughout the United States, together with collateral material from An excellent manual on games and 154 other counties. Religious condi- socials. Also gives hints as to how to organize for good times.

tions are discussed against the back- ground of economic and social life. Springfield Church Survey. H. Paul Doug- lass. 8vo. 445 pp. $4.00. New York. The Farmer. and His Community. By 1926. Dwight Sanderson. 254 Pl'. $1.25. New York. This is a thorough-going, painstak- ing survey of the religious conditions The latest and best discussion of the and religious forces of Springfield, community idea; defines the commu- Massachusetts. The city was selected nity and discusses its relation to each by the Committee on Social and Reof the main topics of social interest; ligious Surveys as a typical American by the Professor of Rural Social Or- city between fifty and one hundred ganization in Cornell University. and fifty thousand population, with Introduction to Rural Sociology. By Paul characteristic American background. L. Vogt. 451 pp. $3.00. New York. It presents the problems frequently found in a middle-size city of the At- Revised edition of the best textbook lantic seaboard such as rapid growth, available in the general study of sudden influx of alien population and rural sociology. other typical features of industrial Rural Life. By C. J. Galpin. 386 pp. communities. All the factors in the $3 ..00. New York. religious life of the community are Discusses the fundamental bases of presented so far as they can be anarural life. Chapters on social anat- lyzed and set down in print and the omy are of importance. mass of carefully digested material will prove extremely helpful in the The Little Town. By H. Paul Douglass. building of constructive programs. 258 pp. $1.75. New York. (Out of print.) The history of the 'City and its geo- graphical and economic features have An analysis of the average Amer- all been taken into account, with speican village; its ambitions, limitations cial attention to the development of and opportunities, both for the de- the churches and the way in which velopment of its own" clustered life" they have adapted themselves to an and in relation to its contiguous farm environment that is changing rapidly. territory. Graphs, charts, tabulated statistics, Report of the' Country Life Commission. eight copious appendices and a com- 150 pp. $1.00. New York. plete index, make the book useful for thorough study of the problems with An historic document from which which it deals. The closing chapter dates the birth of the modern country presents a Protestant church program life movement. for Springfield based upon the facts growt~ of the church in numbers; and findings. Among the striking things which are brought to light are but the church exists for a far deeper the large percentage of unchurched population (no less than 34.05% be- purpose than mere numerical ining put down as having no religious connections whatsoever), the relative crease. The fact that records have slowness of the churches to keep pace with the growth of the city, and the not been properly kept, and that they utter inadequacy of their program of religious education. have often proved inaccurate, is not The question always arises in such necessarily ali evidence of spiritual a survey as to how one will find accurate measurements for a spiritual inefficiency; nor is the fact that there enterprise. One of the charges brought against the churches of is a considerable difference in the Springfield is their lack of efficiency. But what constitutes efficiency in a number of hours which each member church Y The survey seems to imply that it is to be measured by the devotes to the service of his church per month, and the cost per member for the operation of the several churches. When our efficiency ex- perts have said the last word there is still much to be taken into account from the standpoint of an enterprise whose chief object IS advancing the Kingdom of God. J. B. R.

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The Missionary Review of the World — June 1925

CLASS FOR FOREIGN BOY'S AT KANNAPOLIS, NORTH

Deaf? A post-card Visit World Missions brings joy of in the Far Ea&t under the leadership of good hearing again Dr. Harlan P. Beach Amazing Invention enables deaf to Party sails from San Francisco Sept. hear instantly 26, 1925; returns to Boston March 9, 1926. Sent on Ten Days' Free Trial The outstanding institutions of all Some folks imagine that deafness is Iherely a denominations will be visited. Such a personal annoYance. But it's far more than tour will give you a grasp of World that. It ruins the disposition. Upsets the Missions not otherwise obtainable. nerves. And taxes the health. A Famous Missionary Statesman Now science baa proven it is needless to re- writes; "I know of no one eitfter in Amermain deaf. A remarkable little personal hear- ica 01" upon any other continent so well fitted ing aId bas been perfected by a group of to be the educational director of a cruise New York sCientists. Immediately restores good through mission lands as is Harlan P. Beach. hearIng even to the poorest ears, Results are His ability as a lecturer is widely known Imm~di.ate-there is no waiting-no delay-no across this country. his knowledge of the danger. You hear at once–clearly, distinctly. mission field is unmatched by any living man, naturally, and he himself has visited missions over and over again and knows the whole problem The inventors are so SUre you will be elated from A to Z. Any group can be congratuwith this wonderful little discovery that they lated who can be under the leadership of Dr. offer to send it to you without a string of any Beach upon a tour through mission fields." kind-for ten days' free trial. No red tape– no deposit-no C. O. Do's of any kind. To take For full information address; advantage of this liberal trial offer, . simply write to the Dictograph Products Corporation, PROF. ALBERT E. BAILEY Department 1306-c 220 West 42nd Street, New York City. In justice to yourself. please do Care Temple Tours this now. 441-C Park Sq. Bldg., Boston, Mass. It you have lost hope through other methods, we are even more anxious to have you try this remarkable little invention. For it will not tail you; and there is nothing for you to lose. Simply send name and address noW.

IF YOU WANT A Missionary Education Tours THING DONE WELL "One seeing is worth a hundred telling," Do -It Yourself When you purchase Annuity CRUISE TO ALASKA Agreements you administer your own estate Leaving Los Angeles July 31, San Francisco August 1, and Seattle Au- When you make a Will, you gust 5. let others do it Inclusive cost $165 and up, according .ror further information write to : to length of trip and point of de- parture. Morri. W. Ehne., Treasurer. Board 01 Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 Annual tours to Alaska, the Orient, Filth Avenue. New York. N. Y. South America, Australia, the South Sea Islands, Egypt and Palestine. W. J. Elliott, Treasurer, Board of Home Mis_ sions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episco- Reservations and tickets secured for pal Church, 170 I Arch Street, Philadelphia. independent travel.

For prices, itineraries and further in- formation address JOHN COBB WORLEY Travel Secretary Missionary Education Movement 150 Fifth Ave., New York 517 Western Mutual Life Bldg. Los Angeles Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 1ll writing to advert1sers. THE MISSIONARY Review 0 f the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Editor CONTENTS FOR JUNE, 1925 FRONTISPIECE …….. HELPING TO MA.KE 'L'HE STI!.A.NGERS AT Hm.1E IN AME&JCA Page 421 EDITORIAL,S …………………………………………………….. 429' AT THE MONTEVIDEO CoNGRESS CIIRISTIAN INFLUENcm IN DOSHISHA UNl- 433 THE OlIRlSTJAN SITUATION IN VERSITY 437 INDIA TWENTY-FIVE YEARS W]TH THE AMER- 443 445 ICAN BoARD 451 "I WAS A STRANGER"-IN AMERIOA ………….. FRFJ) HAMILTON RINDGE 457 The story of what some foreigners have e'xperienced in America Qnd of the in- 458 fluence of some Christians in manifesting f,·iena.hip. 459 462 ARAB REACTION TOWARD CHRIST' …..•…………… PAUL W. HARRISON 46& The author of "The Arab at Home" ae8criiJes the ,JJay in which Moslems of 470 Arabia loola upon Christ, and their recepti"n of the Gospel as proalaimed by the 473 missionaries. 476, 4941 AFRICAN ICE CREAM ……………………………….. GEOItGE SCHWAB An interesting picture of African life, sho1"ing some of the results of missionary contacts.

THE RAUSA PEOPLE AND THEIR LANGLTAGE …………… C. F. BEITZEL .A brief account of one of the most virile and important races of north-central Africa.

CAN CHRISTIANITY SOLVE THE RACE PROBLEMf ………………….. An article based on five important books of t-he year: Christianity and the Race Problem, The Clash of Color, Race and Race Relations, Of One Blood, and The Negro from Africa to America.

WOMAN'S PLACE IN THE MISSIONARY EINT'ERPRISE ……………… . … .. … ……. …….. . . .. .. .. . . ……. . . .. .. . MRS. CHARLES K. RoYS A verbatim report of one of the leading addresses gi'uen at th,] recent Foreign Missions Convention at Washington, D. C., – a strong case for woman's leader- ship_ ONE GIRL'S INFLUE.NCE IN BRAZIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MR3. EDWARD LANE HOSP]1TAL EVANGELISM IN KOR},A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. G. FLETCHER A unique and successful method of Chr-istian worla in connection with the min- istry of healing.

THE TRUTH ABOUT THE PHILIPPINES …………………………… An article reviewing the most important book on the Philippines of recent years, written and reviewed by missionaries of !Vide experience.

THE POWER OF A GOSPEL PORTIONETTE ………….. ARTHUR T. UPSON BEST MEITHODS ……..•…………………… EDlTEll BY MRS. E. C. CRONK THE WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULL]<)TIN …………………………

THE WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BUI,IJETIN ……………. .•………..

NEWS FRIOM MANY LANDS…………………………………. ……

THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ……..•…………………………….•.

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Robert E. Speer, President William I. Chamberlain, VIce-President D.lavaa L. PlersoD, Secretary Walter McDougall. Treasurer Publication ollie., ad " RelI7 sr.., Harrlaburl, Pa. 250 & Oop:r $2.60 a :ra..r Editorial and Bulin…. Olllce, 156 Fifth ATe….e, New Yorll: Clt:r .aWl-eel u .aaonll-oI…. _ttlr at the POlt Olllce, Harrleburl. PL, under Aet. of Marel!. 8. 1171. HARTFORD PERSONALS T. Z. Koo, a secretary of the World's SEMINA:RY FOUNDATION Student Christian Federation, and for some years one of the secretaries of the National Hartford, Conn. Y. M. C. A. Council of China, is now in America. He rep"esent,ed the Anti·Opium W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, President Assoe;ation at the Geneva Conference, and made a profound impression at the student Theological Seminary conference in Manchester as well as in other Dean, X. W. JacobuB · places in England. School of Religious Pedagogy DR. FAYETTE A. MCKENZIE, president of Dean. E. H. Knight Fisk University, Nashville, Tenn., has re- cently resigned. There has been some agio Xennedy School of Missions Dean. E. W. Capen · . . tation among the students and alumni in Through these associated schools :E:.lartford favor of having a Negro president. offers full training lor HENR.Y S. NINDE, the oldest living Y. M. 1. The Christia.n Ministry. C. A. secretary, celebrated his ninetieth 2. Religious Educs.tion and Social Service. birthday on April 16th, and on March 12th S. The Foreign Field. · . . he and MI'S. Ninde had their sixty·fifth wed- Each school has its independent faculty and its own lnstitutiQnal life and together they form. ding anniversary. one interdenominational institution with the unity of a common aim and spirit. BISHDP MOTODA, of the diocese of Tokyo of the Protestant Episcopal Church, reo The plan for a group of eight buildings f,?r the Foundation is being carried out. Maekenz16 · . . cently visited China in the interests of the Hall. the woman's, dormitory, is already completed and occupied under direction of the Dean .Tapnne8e living in that count-ry. of Women, Mrs. Lester McLean, Jr. Construe– tion has begun on Knight Hall, a classroom REv. HmE KIN, pastor of thl" Chinese building, and Avery Hall, the library. · . . Presbyterian Church in New York City, has been forced by ill~health to resign.

REV. GILBERT N. BRINK, General Secre· tary of the Baptist Publication Society, to whom a year's leave of absence was granted in October in the hope that he might reo cover his health, has presented his resigna· tion.

~orbon BISHOP SCOT1' of the North China and Shantung Mission of the Society for the Propagati()n of the Gospel celebrated On September 21st, the completion of a service of fifty years in t;'i'!,a.

REV. JDSEPH CI.ARK, of the American Baptist Mission, has returned to America on furlough after forty-five years of missionary service on the Congo. When he went out in 1880 there was not one Christian native in his district. Now thousands of men and · . . women are seeking to follow Christ and many are helping to spread the Good News. OBITUARY JAMES BOYD NEAL, M.D., for forty years a medical missionary in Shantung Province, A Graduate School of Theology China, of the Presbyterian Church in the and Missions, of high scholastic standards and evangelical loyalty . U. S. A., died in Philadelphia, February Degree of B.D. 4tll, in his seventieth year. During his servo Theological, Missionary, Religious-Educational College course ice in Ohina he acted as President of the of 4 years,college standards, hroad China Medical Missional'y Association, Dean of the interdenominational school of medi- cine at Tsinanfu, which later was merged into the medical department of Shantung University, and finally as President of the University. •• curriculum. Degree of Th. B. MR. T'HEODOR.E D, RWGS, for some years a missionary of the Ameriean Board, and NATHAN R. WOOD, President treasurer of the An>1tolia Oollege, Turkey, GORDON COLLEGE OF THEOLOGY died near Boston on April 9th, while pre- AND MISSIONS paring for his return to Turkey. Mr. Riggs Boston, Massachusetts was a grandson of Dr. Eli>1s Riggs and of Rev. R. G. O. Dwight of Constantinople. His father was Rev. Edward Riggs of Marsovan.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW 0'11' THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. A NOON-DAY RELIGIOUS SHOP MEETING FOR MEN HELPING TO flfAKE THE STRANGERS AT HOME IN AMERICA (See page 429)

mEMrS~IONARY

mw~ VOL. JUNE, 1925 NUMBER XLVIll SIX , AT THE MONTEVIDEO CONGRESS C HRISTIAN work in South America, its needs, progress and the plans for its advancement were the subjects for considera- tion by the representatives of the Protestant and Evangelical movement on this continent held in Montevideo, March 29th to April Bth. One of the delegates from North America, Mr. VV. Reginald Wheeler, of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, writes of this Congress as follows: "Uruguay, politically speaking, is the Switzerland of South America. Here the representatives of the other republics of the continent can meet to discuss topics of common interest and con cern without exciting national rivalries or competition. Nearly one third of the population of a million and a half live in the capital, Montevideo, on the broad estuary of the River Plate, which has the reputation of being one of the most healthful, progressive and beautiful of South American cities….

" We were impressed by the sturdiness of the men of Montevideo and by the space given to football fields and recreation parks. At the last Olympics at Paris, the Uruguayan soccer football team emerged the champions of the world, and no South American republic is more advanced in its legislation and efforts on behalf of public health and social I'lervice. The Pocitos Hotel, where the Congress meetings were held, is situated outside the city on the beach, and was an ideal place for the conference.

"At the Congress there were 165 delegates, 19 affiliated delegates, 10 invited guests, and 121 visitors. Eighteen nations were represented, ten from South America, five from Europe- France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Switzerland; one from Central America; two from North America, the United States and Canada. There were 13 denominations represented with 36 different societies and organizations, Methodists, Presbyterians, and Disciples of Christ 421

having the largest number of delegates. Of the 194 delegates and invited guests, 140 came from South America and 67 of them were representatives of the National Churches.

"At Panama in 1916 most of the delpgates were from North America; but in Montevideo most of them were from South America. The commission reports in 1916 were prepared chiefly in the North, but these have been written chiefly in the South. The committee chairmen and members of commissions were largely from South America and the important Business Committee had 21 of its 29 members from the South. Dr. Robert E. Speer, Chairman of the Committee of Arrangements, who was Chairman of the Congress at ranama, relinquished the speaker's chair on the first morning to Sr. Erasmo Braga, a Brazilian, after the latter's election to the office of Permanent Chairman. This was symbolic of the transfer being made today in control of the Protestant Movement in these countries from North American to South American hands.

"The topics discussed were marked by their breadth of interest -Education; Evangelism; Social Movement!>; Health Ministry; The Church in the Community; Unoccupied Fields; Indians; Religious Education; Literature; Relations between Foreign and National Workers; Special Religious Problems; Cooperation and Unity. The four of these topics that drew the most attention were evangelism, health ministry, education and social movements. The need of evangelizing the Indians, especially the non-Spanish and non-Portuguese speaking Indians, was emphasized. The Brazilian Government sent Dr. Horta Barbosa, the head of its Indian Department, to represent it at the Congress, and he and Mr. Dinwiddie, and Mrs. vValter C. Roe, made important contributions toward the solving of this problem. The need of reaching the student classes and the varied methods through which the Gospel can best be broadcasted were presented and discussed.

"One of the resolutions passed by the Congress with reference to social movements in South America indicates the nature of this report: "Jesus calls us to a universal brotherhood; peace in industry and between the nations: economic security for all: the uplift of the classes of society that lack opportunity: the awakening of the belated races; the moral enrichment of all peoples by means of a fcree exchange of scientific and spiro itual discoveries; the complete realization of our highest human possibilities. The realization of these ideals depends upon our making universal brotherhood a recognized and practical fact. The Congress therefore calls on all Christian people to cleanse their hearts of all suspicion, all prejUdice and all selfishness; to begin now to treat all men as true brothers; to keep alive the spirit of goodwill in schools and churches; to oppose all forms of discord between national and international groups; to establish personal contacts with men of different beliefs, different social conditions and national affiliations, so that there may be a leaven of brotherhood throughout the continent; to study sympatheticaJly human activities in other lands, in order that under-

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

standing ainndevkenroywllaenddgehemraeyreeplirmesiennatteedatllhesruespmicaiyonbeantdheladcekveolfopcmonefnidt eonfce~ and that consciousness whose touchstone is thc Golden Rule of Christ."

"The Congress bore striking witness to the growth and power of the Protestant Movement in South America during the past two decades.

1903 1924 Evangelical Missionaries ………….. . 750 2,105 National Evangelical Ministers ……… . 1,100 2,306 Communicants Enrolled ………….. . 32,000 122,559 Total Protestant Community ………. . 65,000 251,196 1906 1924 Organized Churches ………………. 856 1,283 Communicant Members ……………. 91,000 122,559 "The largest advance has been made in Brazil; Argentina and Chile follow next. In Brazil, the Presbyterian Church at its last assembly reported more than 21,000 members, with the Independent Presbyterian Church recording about 9,000 more. These two Presbyterian Churches contributed over $200,000 toward their work in 1923.

"There are still vast unoccupied areas on the continent and certain classes and groups are not yet reached. The Protestant Movement has followed in general the coast line, but a vast region, equalling four-fifths of the total area of South America, totalling about 6,000,000 square miles, contains wide ranges untouched vitally by Christian agencies. This continent ·within a continent equals more than a third of all Asia, more than a half of all Africa. It constitutes for Evangelical Christianity the largest geographical expanse of unworked territory to be found on the face of the earth.

"An impression made by the Congress upon the delegates was that of the true unity and fellowship with one another and with Christ. Not once did there arise serious disagreements. Dr. Mackay of Lima, Peru, struck the keynote when he said that we should love the living, loving Christ, we should love one another, and accept the full consequences of such love and allegiance.

" 'Our message is to be prophetic rather than sacerdotal; the living word of the living Christ to living men, the essence of Christianity being not a rite, nor a creed, but communion with the living God and service of men as our brothers, growing out of the inspiration and fellowship of that communion.' "

[A fuller report of this Congress is expected in our next number from Dr. Robert E. Speer.-ED.]

THE CHRISTIAN SITUATION IN INDIA nAS IS well known, the people of India are "very religious," but they are far from Christian. Following the long years of ignorance of Christ's teachings and spirit, and of bitter hostility to Christian missions, there has dawned, however, a period of better understanding and deeper sympathy with Christ's character and ideals. Christianity has had a great influence in changing many Indian customs and many leaders consider Jesus the greatest religious force in India today. His influence has been to purify the native religions and customs, even though men have refused to acknowledge openly His deity and Lordship. Reforms have taken place among Hindus, calling for an abandonment of idolatry, childmarriage, caste and temple immorality.

The Christians are increasing proportionately much more rapidly than the population, but not numerically. Some missionaries feel that the missionary methods of the past are not adequate for the present; that the Christian message needs to be presented more in its original Oriental form and that Indians must be given more freedom in its interpretation and expression. The Occidental form of Christian truth and organization is proving a hindrance to Indian minds, but the essential message of Christ· to sinners is welcomed. This message must be the vital truth of God's love and life offered to men in Jesus Christ and must be related to the history and beliefs and every-day needs and experience of those to whom the message is addressed. Too often the Christian Gospel has been given a Western background, dress and outlook. The presentation of Jesus Christ llimself as the revelation of God is supremely needed. He must be the living Jesus of the Gospels with His deity, His miracles, His parabolic teaching, His godlike holiness and sympathy, His atonement by the sacrifice of Himself, His gift of new life by faith and His aSSUl'anee of eternal life through His resurrection from the dead. Jesus Himself must be the center and circumference of the Christian message.

India has shown her readiness to listen to this message. Mahatma Gandhi is honored for his advocacy of the principles of Jesus. Even lecturers from the West who exa1t Christ are listened to by multitudes with sympathetic attention and respect. The Christian Patriot of Madras, edited by an Indian Christian, says of the lectures on "Jesus" delivered by Rev. Charles "Y. Gilkey of Chicago: "The intensity of interest and unflagging attention . . . was maintained at white heat. . . . It is Jesus, Jesus, and Jesus again that India will listen to . . . not to any other claims, institutions or ecclesiasticisms.' , India also will respond to Christian teaching related to the real, present-day life and problems of India. There has been too often a union of Indian Christians with Western forms of life and edu-

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

cation rather than the injection of Christian life into Indian communities. Ostracism, persecution and lack of sympathy have separated Indian Christians from their neighbors in a way that has made them seem foreign and has made their religion seem to belong to foreigners. The" salt" that seasons must be in close contact with the mass that needs to be saved. Many missionaries also believe that whatever may have been the reasons in the past for paying Indian evangelists with Western money, this method should be gradually discontinued. The Indian Christians should, like the Christians of Apostolic days, be taught to act as unpaid evangelists wherever they are, supporting themselves by their own labor or receiving the free-will contributions of the people among whom they serve. The Indian Christians need to be trained, as do Christians everywhere, in voluntary service and systematic giving.

Rev. James F. Edwards, editor of Dnyanodaya, published in Poona, India, says in the course of a recent address: "As far' back as many of us can remember the Christian Church in the West has been praying that God would show to His Church an 'open door' in the East, that His Spirit might so work on the hearts of millions in the Orient that they would be ready to listen to the message of His Loving Son, and so lead the way to the Christianizing and evangelizing of the whole of the mighty East. All we read the signs of the times we are unable to resist the conclusion that God has answered the greater part of this prayer and that in India there is already the widespread preparedness that has been prayed for by earnest Christians everywhere. The evidence for this is manifold. It will be tragic if, with this truly great and unique situation upon us, we, the followers of Christ, whether missionaries or Indian leaders, are found unequal to the task of leading India's most influential men and movements to Christ, and if one of the biggest opportunities ever offered to the Church should pass away without being used to the fullest possible measure.

"The Indian President of the National Missionary Society of India, in speaking on 'The Missionary Responsibility of the Church in India,' said: 'Leaders of Indian thought and opinion all over the country are today looking up to Jesus with growing regard and admiration, and there is an unprecedented preparedness on their part to listen to the really vital gospel message. . . . On the other hand, the Church is not equally prepared on her part for an advance towards non-Christian India. There are large sections of the Church whose attitude towards evangelism is one of apathy, not to speak of some who are even anti-pathetic. While non-Christian India is saying like the Greek delegation, 'Sir, we would see J es~£s,' the Church is not ready to take the place of Andrew and Philip. The common complaint is that while Jesus Christ attracts people, the Church repels them. To build a more Christlike Church in India must be the supreme duty of missionaries and Indian Christians alike and the task will call for their closest possible cooperation in every sphere of work.' "

Another hindrance to Christianity in India, one that has often been mentioned, is the life of many Europeans and Americans who are looked upon by the Indians as Christians. It is difficult for this

influence to be counterbalanced by the consistent lives of many whose example, testimony and service has been notably Christlike.

For Christ to conquer India, the lives of His people must be more in harmony with His Book. The first place must be given to the Bible as the guide of life and the authoritative history of Jesus and His message. Missionaries or Western teachers who ~ast doubt or discredit upon the Book that has been translated and placed in the hands of the people discredit themselves as messengers of Christ. The editor of Dnyanodaya truly says: "India is turning to the Bible for a correct idea of Jesus, and India is also insisting on what one leading Indian Christian speaks of as 'India's right to interpret Jesus and His" path of salvation" in its own way.' This is clear from a thousand facts that appear daily, facts which illustrate the astonishingly unique position occupied by the Bible among India's remarikable religious literature."

It is the Church of Christ in India that mUi'lt be given the Bible and must be given the opportunity to interpret the teachings of Christ and to apply them to daily problems, conduct and the promotion of Christianity. The young Church must be allowed to grow, to suffer, to learn, to try its strength, to realize its dependence on God and its responsibility to Him. Christianity must pervade Indian life and customs, Indian literature and law, Indian industry and politics, Indian family and social life, Indian education and religion.

The Christians of India are capable of great spiritual development, of remarkable self-sacrifice and of large achievements. They need education; they need concrete example and encouragement; they need to see that Western Ohristians practiee as well as teach absolute dependence on God and His Word for guidance and for power to live in harmony with the teachings of their Divine Master. Christianity is unique in its Way of Life through forgiveness of sin brought by the sacrifice of Christ, the Son of God, on the CrosFl. India has nothing like this, but India can understand this Gospel. The Holy Spirit can bring Indian Christians into a realization of the power of God in the life that now is and for the life that is to come.

OHRISTIAN INE'LUENOE IN DOSHISHA UNIVERSITY I N February, on the eve of the semi-centennial celebration of the founding of Doshisha University by Joseph Hardy Neeisma, a disturbance took place which was said to be due to the President's plan to strengthen the Christian purpose and spirit of the institution. This was founded by a Ohristian Japanese as a Christian college, but the effort to establish a high educational standard in all of the departments has led to the employment of a large number of non-Christian teachers who are not in sympathy with the Christian purpose and program. In order to maip.tain the Ohristian

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

character of a missionary institution, professors are sometimes selected from Ohristians not properly qualified to teach. This naturally creates much dissatisfaction on the part of students. Those who are inclined to be radical and rationalistic also object to all religious influence in their education. There was some opposition to education through the English language and the application of the so-called "Dalton System" of education in the University. These plans are, however, favored by the graduates.

The trouble seems to have been largely due to misunderstanding on the part of certain non-Ohristian professors and students concerning the movement for reform in pedagogy and discipline. The rumor was started that the President intended to get rid of non- Ohristian teachers and professors, of whom there are a considerable majority in some of the departments. There was a short-lived effort to secure the resignation of the President and the Dean, but the misunderstanding has been cleared up and peace restored. Large numbers of Japanese have entered the school in the spring term so that the problem. is how to provide for them.

One thoroughly familiar with the educational work in Japan, says: My judgment in regard to having a large number of non-Christian professors is that if you have such a situation you do not, in fact, have'a Christian institution. .. It is difficult in any case. So many of the first generation Christians are inclined to compromise with their non-Christian environment and pander to it, as was true in the early days of Christianity …

But it is no easy task to find qualHied Christians. There seems to be a lack somewhere in preparing such professors. The Government has its normal and higher normal schools but there is no such institution among the Christian institutions. .. This is one of the subjects for conference in connection with the next annual meeting of the F'ederation of Christian Missions …

There was a strike in another missionary school in Japan last fall because the institution was not Christian enough. The students were displeased with a dean who seemed to be lowering the Christian colors in order to get numbers and a larger sum in fees.

Some of us are more and more coming to the conclusion that largeness spells defeat of our Christian pnrpose in mission instit.utions. With a small number, say about three hundred and fifty or four hundred, we can keep the institutions Christian and permeate the student body with Christian ideals and Christian cosmology. Above that nnmber, the problem becomes increasingly impossible …

This raises again the question of the wisdom of employing a large number of non-Ohristian teachers in a Ohristian missionary institution in order that the scholastic standards may be maintained. It is difficult in a non-Ohristian land to secure a sufficient number of properly trained Ohristian professors. The effort to reach the standards required for government recognition and to enable the institution to offer educational opportunities under Ohristian auspices to as large a number as possible, has led some to adopt a policy that seems to many to compromise the distinctly Ohristian character of

higher educational missionarv institutions. It is difficult to avoid the tendencies of the time au'd in some cases the good has become the enemy of the best. Intellectual standi.ng should never be empha·· sized at the expense of the evangelical Christian message and influence. In most of the missionary institutions, however, the Christian character and training have been kept to the fore. In Doshisha University a few months ago Rev. Paul Kanamori conducted a very fruitful evangelistic campaign.

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS WITH THE AMERICAN BOARD D R. EDWARD C. MOORE, in a recent address, reviewed the twenty-five years of his experience with the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. He was elected a member of the Prudential Committee in 1899, became chairman in 1905 and president of the Board in 1914. Among the prominent men active in the Board and in the missions in 1899 were Dr. Samuel B. Capen, Dr. Judson Smith, Mr. D. Willis James, Dr. George Washburn and Dr. Elias Riggs of Turkey, Dr. Daniel C. Green and ,T. H. DeForest of Japan. Professor Moore says that the Prudential Committee has stood for a conservative type of theology but that theological views have not weighed in consideration of men for membership on the Board or in the acceptance of candidates for the field.

Among the notable historical events that have transpired in this period are the Boxer uprising in China, the capture and release of Ellen Stone in Albania, the establishment of "Yale in China," the Spanish-American War and the opening of missions in the Philippines, the Turkish Revolution and the Armenian massacres, the revolutions in China, the Shanghai Missionary Conference, the Edinburgh Conference, and the establishment of National Christian Coullcils in Japan, China and India. In America the "Laymen's Missionary Movement" and the "Interchurch World Movement" have come and gone.

Great progress has been made in medical and in higher educational work and in the employment of native workers during this period. The first year's receipts of the Board in 1810 to 1811 were $999, while the Board Centenary Fund reached the sum of $995,000. The Woman's Board celebrated its Jubilee in 1917 and helped to raise the total receipts to $1,247,000. Then followed the period of struggle after the World War. While the income has increased to over $2,000,000, expenditures have grown even more rapidly and debt has been an almost constant handicap.

Profcs8or Moore closes his report by saying that great as is the need of money, it is "personality upon which everything turns." He warns against the passion for mechanism and high organization.

A Y. M. C. A.· BANQUET OF MANY NATfONALITIElS, PREPARING FOR

IN AMERICA "I Was a Stranger"-in America BY FRED HAMILTON RINDGF;, NEW YORK "OURSecretary of the Industrial Department, International Y. M. C. A. melting pot apparently ha~d-?oils the aliens," remarks a modern newspaper. If so, It IS O1tr fault. The Church and Christian people are in constant danger of ignoring their responsibility for concrete service among the 14,000,000 foreign- a born and 22,000,000 of foreign parentage in America. "Here are millions of strangers in strange land," wrote the late Bishop Charles D. Williams,'" "in the solitude of the crowds, torn up by the roots from their native soil, stripped of the age-long traditions and customs that surrounded them from birth, having lost their old social conventions and standards and found no new ones; church, community, often family and home gone, for many of them are single men. Is it any wonder that they often lose their moorings and are driven by gusts of passion and carried by the ideas of strange life about them to moral shipwreck~" He continued: "Then consider the foreigner's experience. Frequently he is mercilessly exploited by our industrial system, eagerly seeking cheap foreign labor. He is a mere tool to be used, perhaps to be used up, in its process and then thrown carelessly into the scrap-heap. No one cares for his soul, his personality. Even his own countrymen who have come here before him and learned something of the language and customs of the strange land, frequently use their • In his book, "The GospeJ of Fel1owship." ~9

superior knowledge to prey upon him most rnthlessly. We all know what padrones do to their own people. If an immigrant has a family and sends his children to the public schools, these children are often socially ostracized by native-born American children, or children one degree removed from foreign birth. The finger of contempt is pointed at them. They are called 'dagoes' and 'hunkies.'

"By and by, perhaps, the home itself begins to break up. The children acquire a smattering of our language and customs, particularly the 'smarty' Americanisms of the streets, and they turn with contempt on the father and mother who persist in their queer foreign ways. And so the process goes on. Is it to be wondered at that life grows confused, loses its stability and its victims are driven to recklessness or else to an ingrowing association with those they still understand, their own people f"

What a challenge! It is the duty and privilege of every church and Christian organization to help aliens realize their hope of equality, freedom and justice in America; to help them to a better understanding of community life; and to give them a practical demonstration of the spirit of our Christianity.

It is the duty and privilege of every Christian agency to discover the number and character of the foreign population of the city, to study its needs, and learn what other agencies-philanthropic, patriotic and religious-are working for its welfare. A church, Y. M. C. A. or Y. W. C. A. owes it to the development of its membership in Christian service and self-sacrifice, to interest men and women in such volunteer work as teaching immigrants the language of our country, aiding them to appreciate its laws, rights, and institutions, and giving them opportunities for adequate self-expression. Work among immigrants should be coordinated in every city by bringing together representatives of the various welfare societies. Real Christian Americanization is one of the most practical channels of home missionary service. In this work the prayer of our ~faster "that they may be one" may find fulfillment. The foreign-speaking aliens will often be suspicious of our motives. But their suspicions may be turned into implicit faith through unselfish endeavor which will help them understand that the spirit of Christ is "not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of men, but of God."

A common experience is that of a Porto Rico boy brought into touch with Christian men for the summer. Said he, "When you first gave me a: Bible, I got Him in my head. Now, I have been with you all summer, and," touching his breast, "I have Him in my heart!" A Dane, who usually spent his Sundays in carousing with his fel- low countrymen, after attending a series of religious meetings de- cided to become a Christian.. Next morning he went to his work in the steel mill where he had been for fifteen years, and said to the man next to him: "Do you know, I have the greatest joy in my life that I have even known ~ I am a changed man. I have accepted Christ."

"Oh, that is nothing new," said his frieno, "1 have been a mem-

"l925] "I WAS A STlRANGER"-IN AMERICA

ber of the church for sixteen years." "What, you a Ohristian T" said the new convert, "I don't believe it I You could never have had the joy which I have, .and kept it to yourself! I don't believe you were ever converted."

Though the Dane could not speak perfect Eng'lish, he became a real spiritual force and within a year, out of ten men who worked in his gang, seven were led to Ohrist. He was made a deacon in his church, organized a new Sunday-school and expects to give hi81ife to Ohristian Americanization work.

A Scotchman who had dug coal for twelve years in the old country and expected to do nothing else, came in touch with one of the Y. M. O. A. coal miners' Institutes. He took the mining course, passed successfully the state examination, and within eighteen months from the time he started, was promoted to a superintendency. Through the influence of the Association he cut out drink and was restored to active service in the church.

It is necessary to serve people where they are as well as where we are. A secretary thus describes some of his recent experiences: "I have spent two days on the banks of the Hudson, and find foreigners in every town along the river. In the quarrying industry, they are the men who do the hard work. Last evening a group of about sixty lfagyars came toget.her. There wa;; no place where they could meet, so we proposed to study in the open air. .A barn was WORTHY OF A WELCOME-FROM NORWAY close by, and inside two quarry carts. We asked the men to take these out. Two gasoline lamps were lighted, and I stood between these in the barn and gave the men their first lesson. Of course, with the gasoline, barn smell, and garlic, the occasion did not lack the flavor of real life. This evening the first lesson was given to a group of Italians in the store of the Italian commissariat. Inside the counter Mike Cappitala slyly dispensed 'near-beer,' and on the other side I dispensed English. We got the lesson down, but not quite as fast as the other fellows got down the beer. "

An Italian bootblack entered the Young Men's Institute in New York one nig·ht behind one of the bulky members and got into the gallery, where he watched with wondering eyes the men on the gymnasium floor. This appealed to the boy; he wanted to join, but was a year shy of the entrance age. When he had passed his sixteenth birthday, he paid his membership fee, found a class where he might learn to read and speak English, and studied hard to be on an equal

footing with the other members. From that class he went into more advanced English training, and took up mathematics. By persistent effort and by the influence of Christian friends, he has become a man of education and sterling character. He is now superintendent of one of the large life insurance companies.

There are innumerable instances that might be cited of personal service rendered to foreigners by Christian workers. Experienced volunteer workers among foreigners agree that they secure ample reward for their" work from the touching appreciation manifested. One night-school student writes: "The teachers have done the lessons so interesting that the evenings have passed as real entertainments. So far, attendance has been steady without any persisting to it. It is beyond our power of expression to say the full A COSMOPOLITAN ENGLISH CLASS PREPARING FOR CHRISTIAN CITIZENSHIP Six nationalities represented: 2 Czechs, 2 Ukranians, 2 Greeks, 1 Mexican, 2 (}ermans. 2 Austrians measure of thanks we feel. .Also it is beyond our power to carryon such work ourselves. Weare entirely dependent on you. It is my wish, if we were able in the near future, to contribute something towards the support of the work."

People from other lands hate to be patronized. Why should not the Church assume its rightful place of leadership in bringing about this universal mutual understanding and eympathyf Christian Americanization is a process of getting into tune. A symphony orchestra is composed of many players, using different instruments, but complete harmony is possible when they play in tune. America is a great orchestra of more than fifty racial groups, and harmony will be achieved only when foreign and nativeborn learn to play in tune. "I was a stranger, and ye took me in!"

Reaction Toward

BY PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., KUWEIT, ARABIA Author of "The Arab at Home"

I T is a time of transition and confusion in Arabia, with currents and cross currents flowing in every direction. Much on the surface has no appearance of stability, and the permanent elements in the currents underneath are not easy to determine. Almost every possible reaction to the gospel message is seen, but an ominous black thread of uniformity runs through them all.

An Arab worthy of study in this connection is Mullah Fulan, a leader of the Bedouin Wahabees, an exceedingly fanatical desert sect which calls itself "The Brethren." This old blind teacher, on first acquaintance, appears to have learned nothing and forgotten nothing during the changes of the last ten years. More intimate acquaintance confirms the ~mpression that he has indeed forgotten nothing. His devotion to Islam is as unquestioning and sublime and intolerant as ever. He would sacrifice his life unhesitatingly rather than give up so much as one jot or tittle of his convictions. When war broke out recently between the desert Brethren, of whom is a leader, and the coast town where he lives, he expressed the hope pnblicly and emphatically that the town might be taken and sacked by the true believers, so that it might thereby be cleansed of its iniquities. He was imprisoned and barely escaped execution for this treason, but he bent to the storm not an inch nor restraeted so much as a syllable.

Mullah Fulan has forgotten nothing, but he has learned a great deal. He knows that the eventual success of his beloved leader, Bin Saoud, will depend upon the British allowing him a free hand. He knows that in spite of the bloodthirsty exploits of the "Brethren" their power is as that of grasshoppers in comparison with the West. All this he knows, as do the Brethren in the depths of the inland deserts, but the Gospel gains no advantage on that account. The West is not loved because it towers above the Arab in point of military strength. Rather, it is hated more cordially than ever, and its religion is hated along with everything else from that part of the world.

Upon coast Arabs the impact of Western civilization, during the past ten years, has made a far deeper impress than upon the desert Brethren. Such a man is Sheikh Abdullah who rules over one of the coast towns of Arabia. He has visited England, and been invited to inspect the great British petroleum works in Persia. His pride in things Arabic has disappeared, and now his people chafe under the rule of a sheikh who, to their mind, has lost every kingly line from the outline of his soul. He has learned a little English and wishes 433

to know more. He has a cook who can prepare an English meal. To his great delight friends from among the Britli'ih political agents and the local missionaries have secured for him a complete outfit of table cloth§, _dishes, cutlery, and glassware. Thus is his soul delighted. It is a pathetic thing to see a man, whom birth has set upon the throne of a king, bring to his task the soul of an amiable child. Does this man, who looks with no pride upon his own people with their superb racial inheritance, regard his religion with doubt and misgiving 7 He does not. Having lost much of his racial self-esteem he clings with renewed determination to the faith in which he was born. Missionaries take dinner with him and enjoy a creditable English meal. He enjoys them, but with the express understanding that religion is something that cannot be changed.

Idris is a moderately prosperous merchant, a keen well-informed man with an appetite for world news which no great number in America could equal. He sees much further below the surface of world affairs than does the ruler of his city. The tinsel of Western civilization has not fascinated him and he wastes no time on table cloths and English dinner services. He knows that the thing which his people need is modern education. Twelve years ago this man organized a school whose attendance runs into the hundreds. The management however passed out of his hands, and the more conservative element gained control, insisting on a curriculum which to his mind did not meet the needs of the situation. He proceeded with unlimited energy to the organization of a second school which should be more modern. In all this the man could make only a moderate financial contribution himself. He secured the necessary funds and cooperation from other members of the community. Even the second school did not prove to be entirely successful, for the teachers that could be secured were insufficiently trained. Undiscouraged by this unsatisfactory outcome he has recently sent four of his most promising boys to Baghdad for training as teachers so that the school may have a better quality of instruction.

What is the motive behind this man's indefatigable labors .to promote education, and protect his city and his people from the evil influence and power of the West 7 Hasi he ever thought that the religion of the West might be a beneficial contribution for his own people 7 He has not. Effort such as this in our lives might be centered around patriotism but the Arab knows no patriotism as such. All he knows is religion. As far as the mind of another can be penetrated and understood, Idris' whole motive has been the service of his religion. Neither his race nor his country constitutes the object of his loyalty. StilI less his ruler whom in fact he would be glad to see deposed. His old outlook upon the universe he will give up without a qualm. The old learning which is so prized in all Mohammedan countries he can sacrifice with no misgivings. He is

192[;] ARAB REACTION TOWARD CHRIST'

convinced that his religion is the one true faith, that it is capable of meeting every problem presented by modern knowledge and present political conditions. He has worked all his life in the service of his faith. To interpret his interest in modern education as evidence of a weakening grip on the part of his religion is to find ourselves about as far from the truth as it is possible to get.

This next man, a young man, is a brother of the director of customs. He has had a moderate amount of education and reads newspapers. His knowledge of the affairs of the world does him credit. He is pathetically friendly toward the missionaries. He will listen courteously to a discussion of Christianity. I doubt if he would resent a courteous and sincere explanation of the weak features of his own religion. But he is not therefore near to the Kingdom of God. The influx of Western civilization has exposed him to temptations that he might possibly have avoided otherwise. More probably he would not have avoided them. He is still a Moslem but his life is so flagrantly immoral and wicked that he has the respect of no one. He is friendly to the missionaries largely because lacking friendship elsewhere he is willing to accept it here.

Unfortunately this man is typical of many of these days. During the war the tide of Western civilization came in with a great rush. It is receding now and, stranded without character or faith, with nothing to cling to or believe in, thousands of these men are to be found all over Mesopotamia and to a less extent throughout the Gulf. Immorality and drunkenness were never so common even in the days of the Turks as they are now. Unbelief was never so prevalent. These men are perhaps the farthest of all from the Kingdom of God. Bound by no sanctions, ethical or social or religious, they seem to have no standard of morality whatever and the world to them is a black stormy landscape without a ray of light. Overcome by appetites and sins, they lack even the elementary faith in God which their religion once provided. It is a tribute to the extraordinary strength of Islam that these utterly stranded men form such a small percentage of the community. As the tide of Western domination recedes the great mass of people are found more or less where they were before.

Finally the rare man who is earnestly seeking the light, how does he react when brough into contact with the Gospel of Christ ¥ Such men exist and, even in the troubled times now upon us, they emerge on occasion. Their numbers indeed are larger than ever in some of our stations, notably in Mesopotamia. These men listen with interest, and look with longing upon the promised land of the Kingdom of God. They are captivated by the vision that gradually unfolds before their eyes as the missionary guides their spirits to a realization of what it is that Christ has to offer us. But more than ever they shrink from paying the price. It is a high price, and with

all the efforts of the British Government to bring in a reign of religious toleration and freedom it is doubtful if that price is substantially less than it was before. A convert does not always pay for his conversion with his life, but his life is always in great danger. Men's hearts have always quailed before such a prospect, and now more than ever they shrink from entering the Kingdom of God on such conditions. It is futile to speculate on the exact cause of this weakening of the moral fiber of the Arab. It may be that the assumption of the reins of government by aliens has weakened the Arab's rigid resolution and self-reliance. It is more likely that political changes which drive the stronger and more admirable types of men away from the vVesterner 's religion, attract weaker men.

Thus there is a black thread of uniformity running through all the bewildering variety of reception given the message of Christ in Arabia. The one thing that stands out, like the gaunt naked skeleton of an unfinished building, is the appalling undiminished grip in which Mohammedanism still holds the human heart. The outside plaster may crumble away only to make possible a more modern and attractive exterior. It may be possible that Islam is disintegrating, but no such impression is gained from experience in Arabia. It is at least equally possible, indeed far more so, that shaking off some of its handicaps under the pressure of modern word sentiment, it will emerge stronger than ever. In Turkey at least, the incubus of polygamy and free divorce appears about to be sloughed off. Such a change will not cripple Islam. It will stand forth a more formidable opponent of the Gospel than ever.

The Church of Christ faces in Islam not merely an unfinished task. She faces a task of appalling difficulty as yet scarcely begun. In the important centers of Moslem life, the voice of Christ's messenger is not even heard. There has yet to appear the first indigenous church called out by the Spirit of God from among the superb peoples now numbered among the followers of Mohammed. The campaign is being pushed by means of medical work. It is being carried forward by means of schools. We try to distribute the Scriptures far and wide. Above everything else the missionary tries so to live that, in meeting him, his Arab friends will meet Christ. What we need is not improved methods and better instruments. Our methods are not bad now, nor are the instruments impossible. We need better ones very much, but what we need above all things is power in the work, the power of God which transforms men and makes them partakers of the divine nature, converts who shall walk through the storms and fires of persecution in the power of God and not in the weakness of man, rocks like Peter upon whom Christ can build His Arabian Church. There has never been a time perhaps when the Church of Christ faced a more desperately difficult task, never a time when the prayers of God's children were more needed. BY GEORGE SCHWAB, BAKBAYEME, WEST AFRICA MJissionaJ"Y of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., 19<J5· I F you ask American boys and girls, "vVhat is better t.han ice cream on a hot day~" they will perhaps tell you "More ice cream!" In Africa it is always "a hot day." If you were to give an African boy or girl a dish of ice cream, it would be tasted and then set down.

"Do you like it ~" you ask. "It's sweet, but it's hot!" his indirect answer would be. The few into whose hauds we have given a bit of ice, obtained from some steamer stopping off our coast station, have let it fall exclaiming, "It burns!" But these chocolate-hued boys and girls have something, which to them tastes as good as does ice cream to Americans. When one starts inland from the coast, there is first the low, level, forest-covered delta plain, home of the elephant. At Edea the great Sanaga River drops seventy five feet, making a most wonderful waterfall. This is the first rise from the plain. We march on for fifty miles, up and down the" children hills" until we reach Sakbayeme. The missionary has packed his camping outfit and is about to set out to visit his people and work- MR. SCHWAB AND A GORILLA (DEAD) ers. Down the bluff, upon which is built the station, he and his carriers walk and are ferried across the river in a canoe made of a hollow log. Then up and down he goes again, first over the "father and mother" hills, then over those which are "grandfathers and grandmothers" (very high). There are no "child hills" up there.

At the top of a pass is a small village. Everyone living there is helping build a new hut for the chief of the regiou. The palm leaf thatch roof is supported by walls of poles. Women are climbing 431 up from the spring carrying gourds filled with water to moisten the brown clay which other women are bringing in small baskets from back of the new hut. More women and children and a few old men are beating the moist clay with small paddles to make a hard fioor. The chief and most of the men are talking and telling the women and children how to work.

A shout of welcome is given the missionary and his party as they come to a halt before the group. 1.;Vork ceases. Remarks are in order.

"He is thirsty. Someone go cut sugar cane!" says one. "Find a pineapple! 'White men like pineapples!" says another. "Are there no new eggs in this village f 'White men eat new eggs, not those upon which hens have set or which failed to hatch chickens. " "His men are dying of hunger. There are ripe bananas in the hut of Who-Will-Hear-Me!" "White men never get sick or die. '1'hat's becaus·e they are always eating eggs~ which are' strong medicine' against illness." ,'Look, he uses his left hand!"

"Why, all whites are left-handed! Yau are an ignorant person not to know that. That's why they are all so strong."

"He has a gun! 'White man, our own father, will you not sleep in this village tonighU And today you will kill the wild animals which destroy our gardens 1 If you refuse to do this, we shall sicken of hunger this year. There is a man here who knows where the 'meat' lives and hides in the daytime."

"Yes, yes, sleep with us this night. You'll surely kill an animal today. Our gardens and plantations will be saved!"

They continue to talk and say much more in regard to the wonderful gun and still more wonderful ability of the missionary as a hunter.

Finally it was settled that one of the carriers, who "knew hunting," was to remain behind. A man of the village, who "knew the things of animals and forests" would guide him. Then, after "words of God," the missionary went on some miles to where his people had a "town of God"-a school and chapel.

About a mile from the "town of God," pupils, who Were returning home from school, were met. One ran back fast as a deer to tell all along the path the neWs of the coming of Bango. Everyone along the way followed the latter. You'd think that he was a circus parade I When the missionary reached the" town of God," he first went to the Chief's hut to "do the things of politeness," according to the African code. Messengers went out in all directions to spread the news that" our Bango has come!" Then the missionary went to the

AFRICAN ICE CREAM

guest's hut at the school compound, which was at the other end of the village, to prepare the camp.

"Who'll g'et water from the spring? 'Who'll cut banana leaves 1" asked the head carrier.

"I will! I will!" yelled a dozen boys. "He has fish hooks! He'll give us fish hooks!" "Give me the pail! My mother has a water gourd, I'll get it!" "Where is a machete, I want to cut banana leaves!" Such is the talk. . While the camp was being prepared, with a mat of banana leaves, the people from all about had gathered. All watched the unpacking of the camp things. You should CARRYING A "FREEZER OF AFRICAN ICE CREAM" FOR A FEAST hear the yells as what looked like a bundle of sticks became a table! Another bundle of them makes a chair! A third bundle, a camp bed!

"Those whites, what skill God has put into their hearts!" "His men carry a whole village tied up in their loads!" "If I had a pot like that one, I would not need to buy a new one every time one of my clay pots falls down!" "I hope he will 'eat a can' (open a tin of something), so that I may get a thing for dipping water out of my jar!" "If he would only have an old shirt he despised and would throw it away! I'd have a new dress for Sunday." Our Africans think aloud. "Someone beat the drum. We'll enter the house of God so that I may find out who has been thinking of and learning the things of the followers of God," says the missionary. There is a rush to get the front seats; the people want to be as near as possible to their Sa'/t[Jo when he talks to them.

The sun has reached the place where one says that" it will go to bed before the evening meal bas been cooked." "You will all be here before the sun has gotten out of bed in the morningF' is the last thing the missionary says.

"And who is there that will not be awake and out before he can see his feeH" replies someone. All now leave to reach their villages by twilight.

Suddenly there is a shout and much very loud talking is heard. "What's up nowf Is there a spear :fight somewhere?" asks the missionary. Those who have not yet left rush towards the noise, to miss nothing. The yelling comes nearer. From out the bushes at the side of the guest hut, where goes the path, there come back the people who have just gone. And many more. It seems that everyone has gone crazy mad. "What is making (doing) 1" asks the missionary as he, bewildered, looks at the people, so fluiet only a few moments before. "A pig! A great wild hog! A boar! Your hunter and eight men are 'Carrying him in! Here he is, just look at his size!" So that is it. The African "Ice Cream" has come! For wild hog meat is the "ice cream" of the Basa. Boys and men have their arms around each other, dancing, jumping, yelling, mad with joy at the thought of that pig meat to eat. Girls and women are doing the same. Noone listens to anyone else. All talk. You never heard or saw the like! "My loin cloth! You are pulling it to pieces!" II My grass skirt!"

"Who ever saw such a hunter?" "I hope it is very, very fat! How I like fat meat!" IIIf my husband were a Ohristian, I could eat a piece. We poor women are deserving of pity. ·What the men like best is taboo for us."

"Look at his long tusks. If he had not been killed by that :first 1;hot. there would now be no hunter."

"Pity my brother! He cannot see this great sight. Vl11y is he not here~"

"Why will not Bango build his town here and live with usT Pig meat would be ours every day then." Thus they screamed.

The hog carriers had reached the space before the guest hut and put the pig down. The pole was pulled from under the skin. When the African carries a dead pig, he slits the very tough and thick hide of the back in four places. Thus he has two II straps" which cannot tear or break. Under these two "straps" he thrusts a long pole and off he walks.

While everyone was joy-mad and boar-meat-hungry, the missionary was not. He was mentally dividing that hog so that everyone legally entitled to some of the African "ice cream" could get

a taste. These were : the men who had carried in the hog from the forest. Native custom says thE'Y must get all of the neck. There was the chief of this place and the one from where the carriers came; the teacher and his family here and three others in villages some miles away; the men who provided the missionary's carriers with food and the women who oooked it; the influential members of the community; some guests staying with the chief-they must he made to feel that the chief is a great man, so great that the white man thinks even of his guests; fifty local school boys. No wonder the missionary was not dancing for joy with the others! .

, Now he walks over to where the "ice cream" is lying upon the ground and lifts his arm.

"Silence! Silence I Silence!. Sango is going to talk!"

In a minute you could hear a leaf fall. The laughing, excited faces have changed. Everyone was anxiously asking himself the terrible question he had not before thought of, "Am I going to get a piece ~ " Then the missionary cans one of his men, who is to be the hewer-up of the hog.

Banana leaves are laid down, the pig put on these and the hacking begins. Meanwhile a half dozen boys come running with their mother's wooden bowls to catch any blood which may come out. Not a "drop" of this "African ice cream" is to he wasted.

No one thinks of leaving. The evening cooking is forgotten. There is nothing in the world, for the moment, except those chunks of red meat. What if the machete does cut through the leaves, and' dirt gets on them! If a piece falls, there is only a lot of brown clay on it!

All crowd closer and closer, until the hacker can scarcely wield the machete. The comment and exclamations continue. At last the chunks are ready and the missionary is called to announce how the "ice cream" is to be divided. How tensely quiet all have become! "Am I going to taste it'" is the question on every shiny brown face.

The chiefs, teachers, carriers, all the rest, each one's portion is pointed out and handed over. The school boys must wait, for their portion is not yet made into morsels. More have come in. How small that piece seems for those sixty standing closely huddled and with mouths watering! The teacher has the unenviable task of dividing it into sixty equally large and desirahle bits. And he has never even heard of geometry! The boys form a squirming, wriggling, jabbering, gesticulating, loin-clothed mass, resemhling the dwellers in a disturbed ant heap. Eyes seem popping from their sockets and necks are stretched to the limit.

After a time, "now stand back and stand quietly, I'll call each one of you to come forward for his share," says the teacher. They try to obey-but each fears he may not get that precious tiny bit of pig meat and so all try to be at least second or third.

"My piece is all meat!" "Mine has some fat!" "Woe is me, there is bone in my bit!" "If there had been two pigs, then we could each have had a reaC piece!" "It is small, who'll deny this1 But today I taste meat for the first time in two moons!" "I am dying of meat hunger!" Many more such remarks follow fast. As they feel in their hearts, so they speak aloud. There is no more "ice cream" on the banana leaf; all have been "served." "What did Bango do first when he came to our village'" asks the teacher. "He first called on our chief," pipes someone. "Yes, that's what he did. And why' Because that belongs to the things of politeness. I bear shame in my heart because you have forgotten the things of politeness of the white man which I have taught you. Only two boys said to Bango, 'We are grateful.' And there are six tens of you!" Now a great shout goes up: "Oh Bango, our Bango, we are gratefull" And one added, "Bango, so great was our meat-hunger and so great our fear that we would not get any, that we forgot. Porgive your children, Bango. We are all your very own children." "Now go home to your huts and eat," were the teacher's words as he turned to enter his own. But-Brr! Whing! It looked like a football game with si.'{ty players. The boys had never lost sight of the leaves where the boar had been hacked up and as soon as the teacher had stepped back, there was a wild rush to that spot. You would have thought that for some unknown reason they had suddenly gone mad! For whaU For the dr:ops of "ice cream" which might have fallen as the machete cut the bone and meat, even though they might be mixed in with the earth and not half as big as the rubber on the end of a lead pencil. Nat one ., speck" of that precious meat could be left for ants to carry away during the night. The boys preferred to save the ants this work and 1.0 eat the crumbs themselves.

The day is over. As the missionary rises from his mat of banana leaves before the cot and pulls up the mosquito net to lie down to rest, he hears a knock on the wall of the guest hut-it has no door. "Who is there~" he asks. "I," replies a very scared and timid voice. "You? And who are you and what is it you aTe now wanting¥"

"A Sango, I want thus-I, I want to follow you and to go to live at your town. I am only a small school boy; I know nothing.

1925J 'l'HE HAUSA PEOPLE AND THEIR LANGUAGE

Rut I should like to live at your town where I could learn and where there is a gun and a hunter. I think that you would sometimes give me just a little, little piece of pig's meat. You will not refuse to let me go with you ~"

"In the morning we'll see about this thing you are asking, to learn what your mother says. Now you are to go and give God thanks for this day and sleep."

"I go, Bango." Then the missionary blew out his candle. There was no sleep until long after midnight in that community. All were too excited about the boar, the hunter, the meat. Yet at "the time the birds begin to talk"-earliest grey dawn-somebody was already beating the chapel drum to call the people to prayers. The missionary had already made bundles of his camping things and swallowed a meager breakfast. Young and old came from out the forest streaming into the chapel-()ver two hundred and fifty of them. Words of help, comfort and admonition were given. "Seek ye first the things of the Kingdom of God and hold to them. Wild boar is for today only, the things of God are for today, tomorrow and for all the days to come." Then with a farewell: "God help you until the day we again meet," the carriers picked up their loads and the missionary and his party started down the village street as the sun was rising. At the head of this party marched the proudest and happiest boy in all the Cameroons, he who had knocked at the wall .of the guest hut the night before. He was carrying the gun and was on his way to the town of the missionary, where he could get now and then some African "ice cream."

The Hausa People and Their Language BY REV. C. F. BEITZEL, BUNUNU, NORTHERN NIGERIA "THE A Missionary of the Sudan Inter:or Mission land shadowing with wings, which is beyond the rivers of Ethiopia" describes the location and condition of the Hausas. These millions of people are spread over thousands of miles but of them the world has heard little. Only in recent years has Hausaland been opened to the world. The origin of the Hausas is enshrouded in mystery. They themselves can not agree on their beginning. One theory offered is that they came from Egypt. One writer tries to prove that they are related to the Bantu tribes of Central Africa by showing a similarity between a few words of their languages. But the words are few, and all their other characteristics deny the relation. The best founded theory and one that the Hausas support most strongly is that they came from the far E'ast

(beyond Mecca). Their slender forms, features, high foreheads and language testify strongly to this. Their language in form and articu- lation is akin to English, Spanish and somewhat to the German. It is free from the cliques of the Bantu and from the harsh, guttural sounds of the Yoruba and other West African tongues.

The name "Hausa" is applied to nearly all who have a good knowledge of the language which is the trade language of the greater part of the Sudan. The fact that millions of people in this great area speak Rausa may not mean much in Europe or America but it means much for Central Africa which is a Babel of tongues. What a blessing this language is in the midst of this confusion! What a vehicle to make Christ known! What the Greek language was in the days of Christ and as a means of evangelizing the whole known world this language is for the whole Sudan with its fifty millions of dark- ened souls. Here can be found hundreds of tribes numbering from 200 to 2,000 with entirely distinct languages and customs in no re- mote way even related to their neighbors. It would take hundreds of missionaries to enter all these distinct tribes. If there should be one new missionary occupying a community of 10,000 every day it would take ten years to reach the Sudan I But by using the Hausa tongue as a medium we can reach many different tribes because the Hausas are great traders and travelers and their settlemeuts may be found as far removed as Cairo, Tunis, Tripoli, Mecca, Lagos, and the Gold Coast. The English Government is also fostering the use of the Hausa tongue in its courts, schools, etc. It is easy to learn and is capable of extension by adding foreign terms-a difficult thing in most African languages. This is perhaps the only African lan- guage which has developed a literature of its own.

Many of the Hausas are still pagan, practising tree and serpent worship, but the great mass of them are nominally Moslem since the Moslem Fulahs who at first settled among them peaceably finally overran the great country from Timbuctoo to Bornu and introduced Islam into the Sudan about one hundred years ago.

The Hausas are much more difficult to convert to Christianity than the ordinary pagan since they are proud and make much of their superior intelligence. They love sinful pleasures which Islam permits and that religion gives them great influence in their trading with the Arabs and other North African tribes. .

The Hausas presen' one of the greatest challenges to Chris- tianity today, but their turning to Christ and His service would solve the problem of evangelizing Central and North Africa.

Some of their centers have now been entered and little groups of Hausa Christians are gathering at Lokoja, Zaria, Minna, and Kano. Zinder, far to the north on the border of the Sahara, has recently been opened.

Praise God for the" First fruits!"

Christianity Solve the Race Problem? *

BY REV. ROBERT M. LABAREE, D.D., LINCOLN UNIVERSITY, PA.

W ITHIN the last few months four deeply significant books on the race problem have issued from the press. Their sig- nificance is partly due to the fact that they are the work of white men representing rather widely separated sections of their own race. The authors are respectively a Scotchman, an Englishman, an American citizen born and brought up in the north and another bred a southerner. Their earnest and, better still, their frank discussion of the issues involved proves how in many parts of the white world men are realizing clearly the seriousness of these questions, and are having deep heart searchings on the subject. In this respect works like these are but indications of a very widespread interest. Through our modern means of intercommunication races touch and jostle each other as never before. As a result never before have so many discussions appeared in book and magazine on the vital question of right race relationships. These discussions of the past year or two have been written from every possible standpoint, and show a wide divergence of views; but they all indicate the supreme importance of the problem.

But perhaps the chief characteristic that distinguishes these four works from the other literature on the subject is that they are written wholly from the Christian point of view. They seek to find a Christlike solution for the strained and taugled problem of interracial relations. They all realize that while we must bring to bear on the knotty points the most earnest thought and the best scientific methods, yet after all t.here can be no permanent solut.ion IDlless we apply to them the spirit and the principles of our Master; and that it is this Christian attitude of heart and mind that alone gives any hope in the difficult task.

It is interesting to note how the four authors stress the fact that this is a world problem. Even Mr. Weatherford, whos'e interest. is largely in the welfare of the Afro-American, devotes his first chapter the world-wide aspects of our local difficulties. He realizes that our experiences here in our own country are practically the same wherever men of different races meet and clash. 'fhis fact cuts both ways. It confronts the man who would preach peace and goodwill to the antagonistic groups in Asia, but who refuses to apply the same principles to our own vexed social relations. If Christ has a mes- • ChrlsUanlty and the Race Problem. J. H. Oldham, M.A. 265 pp. $2.25. New York. 1924 The Clash of Color. Basil Mathews. 169 pp. $1.25. New York. 1924. Race and Race Relations. Robert E. Speer. 428 pp. $3.50. New York. 1924. Of One Blood. Robert E. Speer. A brief(~r study based upon the above for use by the Council of Women for Home Missions and Missionary Education Movement of the United Sta.tes and Canada. 254 pp. 50c and 75c. New York. 1924.

The Nel'ro from Africa to America. W. D. Weatherford. 487 pp. :&5.00. New York. 1924.

445

sage of love and human brotherhood to the inhabitants of Johannes- burg, Calcutta and Tokyo, he has the same message to the men and women of New York, Atlanta and San Francisco. On the other hand the far-reaching character of the problem may bring something of comfort to the white or colored brother who grows despondent over conditions here. It may help him to realize that ours is only a small sector of the battle line.

But if similar conditioIls face us everywhere, the fact goes to show how natural such situations arc. Weare to expect them, they are as old as history, they have developed in every part of our globe. They are an ever-recurring illustration of what we may well call the nasty spirit of man, whereby the "ins" always seek to exclude the "outs" from sharing in their privileges. Pride and contempt and jealous passion for supremacy meet, yes create, seething unrest, resentment and hate. This is human nature, but human nature at its worst; and it is all the sadder in our day because just such contacts and conflicts as these reveal how little the spirit of Christ has permeated our economic and social relations.

To one fact all the many writers, whatever their other differences, agree. It is the serim6sness of this world problem. The races are gathering in hostile camps. Are we drifting into a world conflict more terrible than any we have yet seen ~ The question is being raised not only by alarmists but by many of the best-informed conservative students of international affairs.

No one, for example, who is familiar with conditions here in America, can shut his eyes to the acuteness of our own special race problem. This is not due to the white man's invention of new forms of discrimination against the colored man, but rather to the changing attitude of the latter to everything that carries with it the brand of inferiority. Every phase of the bar sinister is resented more keenly with each passing year. This is the result of the growing intelligence and perfectly proper pride that comes with intelligence. The wounded self-esteem is not made callous by repeated rebuffs but becomes more sensitive. The educated and self-respecting Negro is therefore quick to imagine a slight when none is perhaps intended; nor can you wonder at it. If the waiter in the restaurant is slow and indifferent in his service, if the telephone girl is pert and saucy, if the clerk in the store is rude and unobliging, the first thought to rise in his mind is, "Would these people treat white folks in this way or is it just because I am colored?" Ji'rom many sad experiences he jumps to the conclusion that it is only another manifestation of the contempt in which he is held, and his spirit is rasped and irritated. If you blame him try to put yourself in his place.

This deepening resentment is reflected in the newspapers and magazines which are issuing in such numbers from the colored press. Frankly they do not make pleasant reading for the whites. Wrongs

CAN CHRISTIANITY SOLVE THE R.kCE PROBLEM

and injustices perpetrated by the majority group are published abroad in head-lines; lynchings are set forth in all their horrid details; every new aggression by members of the dominant race the world over is commented on and the moral pointed. The stories so widely circulated of Negro "uppishness" and "insolence," although grossly exaggerated, owe what truth they have to this increasing self-consciousness and growing resentment of the colored man. All this we usually attribute to the work of agitators. Agitation may stimulate but it does not create the feeling of exasperation. Radicalism always thrives -where there are the most social wrongs. The colored man is not by nature a radical on any question; but if smarting under the sense of what he regards as injustice, he is ever driven into the ranks of the extreme socialists or into the arms of revolutionary demagogues, we shall have ourselves to thank.

But it is in the international field that this question assumes its gravest aspects. Hostility to the dominant race which is extending its political control to every remote corner of the world, and exploiting every weak or backward people, is growing apace. Not only do such Christian statesmen as Dr. Speer and Mr. Oldham raise the note of warning with no uncertain sound; but the uncompromising advocates of Nordic supremacy like Lothrop Stoddard and Madison Grant are equally emphatic in calling attention to it. Our neWspapers every day bring to us fresh illustrations of the truth, that all Asia from one end to the other, Africa., north, south, east and west, the islands of the sea, whether it be Haiti in the west or the Philippines in the east, are in a state of feverish uurest. To be sure, some of these peoples are demanding rights and privileges for which some think they are unfitted as yet; but whether wisely or foolishly the colored races of the world are making common cause against white aggression. – Can we escape the suicidal race war so dismally foretold by many a prophet of our times? Professor Williams of India and others like him are sure that we can. He tells us that "the impending struggle between the East and the W-est, foretold by many persons who cannot be classed as visionaries or fanatics, may be easily mitigated or entirely averted" by treating these other races with simple justice. And each of the four writers we are reviewing is of the same mind. Mr. Mathews assures us that all that we need is "team work," the same sort of cooperation that leads a man in soccer to pass the ball to his team mate rather than dribble it down the field by himself. In other words, if the Anglo Saxon would stop talking of the "white man's burden" and cooperate with the other races on the basis of a real brotherhood, many of the most acute causes of friction between them would be dissipated.

We must not, however, delude ourselves into the idea that such questions as these are easy of solution. Such cheap and superficial optimism can be attaiued only by shutting our eyes to the facts.

There are indeed two opposite extremes equally to be avoided. One of these is that race antagonism is "rooted in primitive instinct"; in other words, it is innate and ineradicable. If so there is no use beating our heads against a stone barrier; we shall only hurt ourselves and do no good. On the contrary, the facts seems to prove that racial prejudice is a complex of many instincts and mental attitudes. It is usually the result of economic and social competition and of fears that are born of that struggle. It it no more true of races than of competing nations and other social groups, only that in race intercourse physical dissimilarities add another element of friction. Color, or indeed any visible difference in form or feature, advertises the fact at the very first contact that the other ma1l belongs to what is regarded as a hostile or competitive group. One may for instance harbor an extreme prejudice against the Jews; but if one does not recognize the fact on meeting one, it is very possible to establish friendly relations with him; and wbenlater his despised nationality is discovered the chasm has already been largely bridged. Such an initial friendly approach to a Chinaman, Hindu or Negro is made impossible by the badge of their race which they mnst carry everywhere. It is this that makes the antipathy peculiarly sharp in cases of recognized physical differences. But there is nothing innate or insurmountable in the feeling. It is an inheritance from unfortunate experiences and relations in the past. Children as a rule do not possess it; they learn it from their elders, and therefore under proper conditions it can be unlearned.

On the other hand it would be just as unfortunate to approach the question with the notion that it is a simple one and the solution easy, It is in reality one of the most complex and baffling problems of our day. It has many ramifications, and the mere discussion of is arouses passions of the intensest order. Such feeling is justified by many in the name of science. The theory is held by some scientific students and received with eager approval in many quarters that the white man, especially if he is of the Nordic branch of the race, is by native ability and character the best in the world; that he is the creator and defender of our highest civilization and culture, and that therefore the maintenance and development of that civilization depend on the keeping of his blood pure from all taint of that of backward and inferior races, and on the securing for him the control of world affairs. For example, Prof. Josey in his book, "Race and National Solidarity," frankly holds that" a controlled exploitation of the backward races and the continued dominance of the white race will make for the greater good of man and will meet with the approval of God." If that be so, instead of seeking in the name of God to let down racial bars we must as servants of that God strive rather to keep the partitions between us intaCt; indeed we should raise them higher and make them more exclusive.

CAN CHRISTIANITY SOLVE THE RACE PROBLEM

This is dismal doctrine for the missionary and social worker. But fortunately it is not true.

In no part of the books before us is the discussion more satisfactory than in their treatment of this theory of the superiority of the white race. After a very thorough survey of all that has been said on both sides of the subject our authors have come to the decision reached by a growing number of sociologists (Boas, Goldenweiser, Lowie, Miller, etc.) that such claims in behalf of the white man are exaggerated and even unfounded. Races like individuals differ in qualities and abilities: no two of them are alike; and yet each of them has his own contribution to make to life. Mr. Oldham asks pertinently; "Is the winner of the Derby superior to the dray horse1 Is the engineer superior to the poet, or the scientific chemist to the captain of industry, or the prophet that stirs the conscience of the people, to the practical statesman who translates ideals into actual legislation?" God has made "of one blood" all the races of men, all are equally dear children of the Heavenly Father, and all are capable of climbing to the highest summit attainable by any of the sons of God. This is we believe the doctrine of God 's Word: and no physical measurements, nor psychological tests, nor present lack of achievement can shake our faith in that great and inspiring truth. Backward many of these peoples may seem to be, mere children in many ways; but circumstances can explain all that. It was not so many centuries ago that our German ancestors were in the rear guard of civilization. Through circumstances for which they can claim but little credit, they have advanced to the front rank. Others have not yet made the start or have temporarily dropped behind. An era of rapid progress may begin with them at any time. Already we see a startling speeding up of development in Asia. Who knows when some of these backward peoples may pass us in the race 1 Pride in our own achievements, and contempt for others are wholly unwarranted by the facts.

Space forbids the discussion of other complications "that make hard our task of establishing a real brotherhood between men of every color. 'I.'here is for instance the question of intermarriage. No phase of the subject excites greater heat. Even Christian men like Oldham and Speer do not see wholly eye to eye when they come to this problem. But whatever be the ultimate judgment upon this or any other difficulty in making our mutual adjustments, one principle we should adopt, and that is to choose whatever path is obviously just and Christlike, .no matter whither it may lead us.· The spirit of Christ will not alone solve any of the great world questio:p.s. The head must cooperate with the heart in ~very right solution. Scientific research and honest hard thinking are as important as love and Christian brotherliness. But the spirit of Christ aloriecan give the right approach. And, alas! it has been the iack of this 3

spirit that has so embittered our human relations. Nothing so blinds the judgment as pride and prejudice. We see this only too weU in the harsh and cfllel conclusions which once justified slavery in our own country and now equally support every form of racial aggres- sion and exploitation here and elsewhere.

We believe that already we are at the dawn of happier condi- tions. The frank discussion of these problems at the recent splendid missionary conference at Washington was both illuminating and re- freshing. Most emphatic was the demand, reiterated time and again from the platform, for justice and kindliness in our interracial and international relations. If Christianity cannot bring this about its mission will prove a failure; for men will have nothing to do with a religion that is handed down condescendingly to them from some supposed superior height of culture or virtue. In our own country there are many indications that the Christian conscience is being aroused' over our own race problem. Interracial committees are springing up everywhere throughout the South, in which earnest men and womfn of both races are striving to bring about a better understanding. At the Student Volunteer Convention in Indianapolis last year all such problems were seriously discussed by the young people. Some of the results of that convention are worth mentioning. On the way home from Indianapolis to Nashville, the delegates from the white institutions centering about the latter place went over in a body into the car occupied by the colored representatives from the district, to talk over frankly what could be done to make more Christian their relations to one another. Out of that discussion an intercollegiate interracial committee was organized which has been meeting regularly, and has developed a program that must seem radical to their elders. This last summer the young men's conference at Blue Ridge (white) sent a delegation to visit the colored men '8 conference at Kings Mountain, and later a return delegation from the latter went to Blue Ridge, where they were entertained in the dormitory of their hosts and in the common dining room. Recently a Bible study conference was held at Hampton, where delegatee. from practically every white and colored college in Virginia slept in the same building, and ate at the same table. A year ago such a gathering would have been regarded as impossible.

Now I would not have anyone think that these young people have solved any of the great problems at issue. But surely none of us can be blind to the fact that it is in just such frank friendly brotherly intercourse that not only our o"-"Il race questions but the larger world problems will lose much of that antagonism and ill-will which have made any settlement of them seem hitherto a hopeless task. Yes, Christianity can unravel this and every other tangled human relationship by creating the atmosphere in which alone all of earth's heated class and race problems can be solved.

Woman's Place in the

Enterprise * BY MRS. CHARLES KIRKLAND ROYS, NEW YORK l'oreign Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Chmch, U. S. A.

I N considering woman's place in the missionary enterprise our thoug'ht may profitably center around four aspects of the subject. .

First: Is there for woman a peculiar driving power in the mis- sionary movement 1 Second: What has been woman's achievement in missionary effort in the past 7 Third: Are there elements of success in the past which should be conserved in future effort? Fourth: In the adequate Foreign Mission program of the Church, what place shall be assigned to women 7 That the missionary enterprise has from the beginning held a compelling interest for women is inevitable. 'Vho should throw themselves wholeheartedly into missions if not those who owe to Christ their very ability to espouse any cause f The peculiar driving power for women in the missionary effort lies in the determination to open up for others the life of freedom, service and endless possi- bility which Christ has given to them.

Consider also certain characteristics with which woman by na- ture is endowed: her protective, tender instincts which are aroused by accounts of suffering womanhood and unprivileged childhood- needs which only woman in her work for woman could meet; her adventuresome faith which is undaunted by distance or difficulty.

Columbus would have had a poor time with his proposed voyage of discovery, had he dealt solely with men. It was a woman who believed that it could be done. Think of woman's achievement in that far greater adventure of the discovery for other women of the fair land of fulness of life and freedom.

A brief historic perspective on the emergence of women into missionary activity reveals certain significant facts: Two months before Carey baptized his first convert in India, the "Boston Female Society for Missionary Purposes" was organized, nniting Congre- gational and Baptist women. Twenty-five years before Perry's deet entered the harbor of Yeddo, and thirty years before the Protestant Episcopal Church sent its first pioneer missiona.ry to Japan, a group of women in Brookline, Massachusetts, organized, and met regularly to pray for Japan and to contribute to its evangelization. In New ~ address delivered at the Foreign Missions Convention. Washington. 451

England the early societies rejoiced in the name "l!'emale Cent So- cieties," and of these not a few have existed to celebrate their Jubilee. .

With what consternation the men of the Church watched these doings of the women, is an old story. Turning in desperation to his elders, one Michigan pastor implored them to see to it that an elder be designated to attend each meeting, lest the women be in- discreet enough to offer voluntary prayer. There was no telling what women might pray for if left to themselves! A Board Secre- tary is on record as having said to his associates, "I cannot recom- mend bringing the women into this work." Of all these men one courageous soul stands out who staunchly maintained in the face of the other men "the help of pious females must not be spurned."

The economic condition of our country in the early part of the ninetee~th century was such that money was difficult to obtain. Out- side the spheres of domestic service and dressmaking there were no opportunities for women to earn money. The contributions to the missionary society, therefore, came in small amounts, and repre- sented chiefly the profits from selling eggs or butter or rags. No more illuminating illustration of the value of small gifts from many sources can be found than is revealed in the activity of those inde- fatigable women who went from door to door gathering small sums for the cause. How eloquent are the records found in the Treasurer's books of that day! Consider that first legacy received by the American Board, which was given by one Sally Thomas, a domestic whose wages never went beyond half a dollar a week, but who left to that Board three hundred and forty-five dollars and eighty-three cents!

Or listen to this letter written to the Treasurer of the Amer- ican Board in 1813: "Bath, New Hampshire. August 17, 1813.

"Dear Sir: "Mr. – – – will deliver $177 into your hands. The items are as follows: From an obscure female who kept the money for many years for a proper opportunity to hestow it upon a religious object ……………………………. $100.00 From an aged woman in Barnet, Vermont, heing the avails of a small dairy the past year …………… 50.00 From the same, being the avails of two superfious gar- ments ……………………………………. 10.00 From the Cent Societ.y in this place being half their annual subscription …………………………. 11.00 From a woman in extreme indigence. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 1.00 . My own dona~ion, being the sum expended hitherto in . ardent spirits in my family, but now totally discon- tinued …………………………………… 5.00 Total •…..'.•……………..•…..•…….. $177.00."

WOMAN'S PLAOE IN THE MISSIONARY ENTEID'RISE

In recording the gifts of women in these early days it is only fair to make note of the fact that much of the earnings of one at least of the Cent Societies was gained from making false bosoms for the shirts of the theological students in Princeton Seminary. The only pattern the good women of the society had was for a man weighing some two hundred and fifty pounds. In the record of mis- sionary self-sacrifice full credit should go to the poor young theolo- gians who suffered the inconvenience of ill-fitting collar bands, and who bought the false bosoms from the women of the missionary society!

Look through the record of gifts in those early days, and we find that the name of the woman donor is often suppressed, but the name of the transmitting pastor or elder is recorded in full, as for example, "From a female friend of missions per the Rev. John Thomas Green."

There is, therefore, revealed in woman's early missionary ac- tivity a remarkable, far-seeing faith; prevailing prayer; and conspicuous sel~-denial. Missions held a tremendous appeal for women.

Of zeal and devotion there was no lack, but there was sore need of organization and revision of methods. The Civil War called forth from the women of our land a service in hospital and barracks and home which developed, as no other experience could, an organizing ability hitherto unknown. At the close of the Civil War, women carried this newly acquired ability in cooperation and in systematized effort to the unorganized missionary endeavor. Women who formerly had been content to sit at one end of the family pew and watch their husbands at the other end putting into the collection box the family contribution to the work of the Church, had experienced during the war years the exhilaration of handling money by themselves. They now gave themselves to organizing the finances of their own missionary societies and Bo~rds. Those men who viewed with misgiving the activity of women in the beginning were not so stupid after all. Something had indeed been started!

The women of the Church were prepared by thirty years of prayer and effort for missions to respond at once to the appeal made in 1834 by an American missionary from China who urged them to organize and undertake the work in non-Christian lands which only women would carry. The denominational Boards stoutly resisted this dangerous innovation, and for thirty years or more prevented the organization of women's boards. The urge to organize these boards could not, however, permanently be held in check. Timid women who in small societies had been almost prostrated by the thought of reading aloud a portion of a missionary letter, were so inspired by the necessity of an organization of women to conduct work for women, that a perfect epidemic of woman's organizations soon occurred. In 1861 the Woman's Union Missionary Society in

New York, an interdenominational organization, came into being. Other organizations soon followed, and by 1900 nearly every leading denomination had a ·Woman's Board. Today there are over forty Women's Boards with a combined annual income of over six million dollars. There are an equal number of Woman's Boards of Home Missions with an annual income almost as great. The work of these Boards and the perfection of their organization is well known. The same genius which characterized woman's efforts in the realm of· temperance and suffrage has organized in volunteer service a mighty host of eager, intelligent, purposeful women in community, county, state and nation. No phase of missionary activity is so justly appraised at its full value. Men and women alike are sound in their clear appreciation of it.

Consider for a moment the tremendous range of achievement of the woman's missiona:ry societies: in practically all the non-Christian lands of the earth they hold property; rent buildings; recruit and educate thousands of evangelists, Sunday-school specialists, teachers, !.lditors, doctors and nurses; provide an educational system from kindergarten through college; maintain hospitals; staff nurses' training schools and medical colleges. In many languages they edit women's and childrens' magazines and publish books. The culmination of the efforts of women is found in the establishment of seven women's college!,!, founded by the ·Woman's Boards of Scotland, England, Canada and the United States. Eighteen Woman's Boards brought to this united effort many diverse methods of organization, but one great aim inspired them all-namely the purpose to train a Christian leadership for the women of the Orient. Three million dollars was recently raised in the United States for these colleges under the able leadership of Mrs. Henry W. Peabody. The colleges are growing, enlarging their equipment and capacity; but they are holding absolutely to the Chrilbtian purpose of their existence. They are Christian to the backbone.

Add to this achievement on the foreign field the conspicuous success of women in establishing the great system of missionary education in the home Church which now touches even the most remote corner of every state in the Union, and who can contemplate this accomplishment without asking, How is it done 1 Surely we can with profit ask, as we review the achievement of women, what has been the secret of the effectiveness of women in the past 1 I am confident that the men of the Church wish above all things to conserve the rich heritage of woman's service for missions. I am equally sure that no adequate missionary program can be carried on, unless certain features of woman's service in the past be counted among the dynamics of our missionary endeavor. Let me be very explicit.

Two facts underlie the conspicuous success of woman's work:

WOMAN'S PLACE IN THE MISSIONARY ENTE:RPRISE

first, through long years of indefatigable effort the women of the Church have built up a system of communication from national Board headquarters down to the most remote individual church. This unbroken continuity of function has been accomplished in a brief half century. It is so effective in its working that, like Lincoln's rat hole, it will bear looking into! Ruthlessly to disrupt by any form of reorganization a system established by such incalculable effort and proved to be of such undeniable efficiency would be little short of madness.

The second secret of woman's success in the past is psychological. Women respond to a definite financial responsibility. They like to raise their own budget. They enjoy a dual relationship to missions as church members and as members of the woman's organization. Any missionary program for the Church which casts aside this wonderworking system of distinctive financial responsibility of women is doomed to failure. Possibly the remote future may hold a better plan but for the coming decade, I am convinced that no adequate missionary program can be built up by the Church which disregards these two aspects of th.e achievements of the past..

The logical masculine mind may not follow this form of argument, but it will be a sad day for missions if the women of the Church come to feel that any form of reorganization has taken from them their distinctive responsibility, and that their task as women is done.

In most denominations a new phase of the missionary program has been reached. In several communions an entire reorganization of the Church Boards has been effected which unites men and women on equal terms in board membership and on the staff of administrative officers. Women who in the past have shown an invincible spirit of entire consecration, and have done for the Church a monumental service without proper equipment, with inadequate salaries, and devoid of technical training, are now entering a new phase of activity, facing a wider opportunity in the work of missions. At this transitional stage, the Church may well give its best thought to the subjec~ of the partnership of men and women in this work.

There are certain attitudes in the Church at large and in Boards in particular, which will ensure success in our common effort; certain others spell unmistakable failure. I am no suffragist, but I cannot refrain from emphasizing certain perfectly clear elements in the situation in our churches today. Have we the courage to face all the far-reaching implications, and to make all the necessary readjustments which are involved in this partnership of men and women of which we so glibly speak1 A sense of mission inspired the women whose past achievements we today laud. Is the Church prepared to present to this generation of alert, capable young women a challenging, compelling task whose pull will be felt as much as the appeal from other fields of activity1 The Church must reckon with other avenues which are open to this generation of women. She must make

it very clear that she has work of such vital importance and of such far-reaching influence as to call for the fullest measure of service. She must show unmistakably that to do this work young women of the highest degree of training are needed who will in turn receive the same considerations in living conditions and salary which other occupations offer. Is the opportunity for missionary work in the Church today, both as administrative officers of the Church Boards and as volunteer workers in the capacity of board members and in the local church, act1tal or merely potential?

This is no theoretic matter. The Church at home and abroad must reckon with the awakened womanhood of the world. At one time we were perplexed by the modern movement among women. Now its direction and impulse are perfectly clear. The State thus far has been in advance of the Church in recognizing the changed situation. Is it not curious that this should be so, when from the Church came the first releasi.ng force to womanhood ?Whatever you may think of the modern movement among women, you must admit that the Church fostered it. I come to you with the deep conviction, born of my knowledge of young women and my experience in working with them, that the Kingdom of God is more nearly within the reach of the Church today than it ever was before, if only-if (Jnly, we can harness up to t.his missionary enterprise the boundless capacities, the trained energies, the fearlessness, the courage and the sincere desire to have a part. in the big business of thiR generation, which characterize the young women of today. If t.hus far the Church has failed to enlist them it is not wholly the fault of the young women; it is largely because the Church has not adequately presented its task..

In the East and in Europe young women are demanding freedom to live their highest life; to develop to the utmost the powers God has given them; to make their full contribution to the life of the world. The intelligent women of the Church have already turned to politics, business and international affairs. At the Institute of International Politics at Williamstown last summer, one third of the personnel was women. Are we offering young women an adequate opportunity to do a constructive work in the Church which will give scope for all their trained capabilities? Will the Church awaken in time to the fact that this new spirit of womanhood may become an instrument for the advancement of the kingdom of Him who chose women for his friends and shared with them His most profound spiritual truths'

Again let us be very explicit. We've talked in vague terms quite long enough. Printed reports and addresses without number theorize on this subject. We have come to the place today where we must face the fact that in working out an adequate missionary program for the Church, whatever share is assigned to women must be given her on the satisfactory and logical basis of ribility and capacity, and not on

WOMAN'S PLACE IN THE MISSIONARY ENTEiRPRISE

that of sex. I plead that woman be allowed to enter that natural relationship to which ,Jesus called her and which the early Church assigned her. If the future missionary program is to be carried through successfully, it must be done by men and women in a level partnership. We do not want a union which means merely diverting one of the separate streams into the channel of another. We want a union made necessary by the great task confronting the Church today which calls for something far greater than our past achievements if the non-Christian world is to be brought to Christ. Let us speak of union as though-to pursue the figure-the two separate streams had broken their banks and must now be guided into a broader, deeper channel of life-giving water.

In the home, in professions, in Church and in State, men and women are needing each other if the complete whole is to be attained. The work of neither alone is or can be wholly complete. Surely the task we are facing today is great enough to capture the imagination of men and women together. We need each other if our sympathies are to become broad enough, our courage high enough, our faith strong enough, our love deep and full enough to meet the requirement of the task in this day. We need as men and women a fresh discovery of the eternal and supreme obligation to give Christ to the world, which shall send us forth determined to stand together, each contributing his own best to the accomplishment of the enormous task to which God is calling our generation.

May God give us in this partnership a more inclusive view and a saner, broader judgment than either men or women could have working separately; and may He crown our united work with achievements and victories which could otherwise never come!

ONE GIRL'S INFLUENCE IN BRAZIL SOON after we took charge of the work in Sao Sebastiao do Paraiso, the girl who had been my mouthpiece in the Sunday school and the Girls' Club, and led the music in both, told me that she had been offered a place in her aunt's school in a near-by town. Her uncle was the chief man in the town, and his family had the entree into the best society.

There the girl, Haydee Machado, gathered around the piano on Sun- days the servants of the school, and a few of the boarders who liked the hymns. Gradually she told them stories from the Bible until before anyone was aware she had a Sunday school. The uncle's family began to read the Bible, and less and less t.o t.ake part in Sunday amusements. Later the teacher got permission to invite the missionaries. Rumors were afloat that their entrance in the city would not be permitted. However, nothing hap- pened to interfere, and the Gospe! was preached for the flrst time in that town.

The young woman's aunt became a professing Christian and thereby lost half of the pupils in her school. Two other members of her family also entered the fold and have become great influences for good. Every service held in the town has been well attended, and many Bibles and hymn books have been sold. A wealthy farmer has given a lot for the building of the church, when God shall open the way. MRS. EDWARD LANE.

Evangelism in

D R. A. G. FLETCHER of Korea writes of the results of hos- pital evangelism as practised in the Taiku (Presbyterian) hospital during the past two and a half years. The aim is (1) to preach the Gospel to every patient; (2) to win as many as possible to Christ; (3) to lead these converts to unite with a church, and (4) to lead each convert to witness to Christ among unbelieving neighbors. The method is (1) to organize the hospital staff into a. preaching society to care for the evangelistic work; (2) to send evangelists to the home of a hospital convert for one month and to seek, with the patient's help, to establish a church.

Three men evangelists and three Bible women are employed who work alterna.tely in pairs, one month in the hospital and the next in the country districts. The results have been very encouraging, both in winning converts and in establishing churches.

Each month a colporteur takes a number of letters from the hospital to patients in the country and on the way sells Bibles as his salary is paid by the Bible Society. The patients help by giving him an introduction to the villagers. They aim to establish one new group every month. During the past thirty months, they have es- tablished twenty-six churches. These churches have a total mem- bership of six hundred and twenty-five, and sixteen have their own church buildings.

Each evangelist is responsible for caring for his groups until turned over to a missionary pastor at the end of one year. At this time, each group must have: (1) A sufficient number of adherents to be able to pay its share of a helper's sala.ry; (2) officers capable of caring for its spiritual and material needs. The preaching society sends to the churches regularly letters of greeting and admonition. Members of the society go to the country and visit the groups when possible. In this way, the new Christians receive a touch of the joy of Christianity. Also each month the society mimeographs and sends out to each group a sermon prepared by the evangelist working in the hospital. This is to give spice to the attempts at sermons given by the new and often unexperienced leader selected from among the new Christians. Officers of new groups are urged to attend Bible institutes and Bible classes. The six evangelists and colporteur each make a report at the monthly meeting of the preaching society.

The preaching to patients within the walls of a hospital is not sufficient to win them to Christ in the majority of cases. Neither is it enough to follow them by post or in person. We must devise .a plan whereby the opposition and persecution of relatives and friends will be turned into sympathy and support. Sending evangelists to the non-Christian home town of hospital converts helps them to win the patient's relatives and friends for Christ.

458

Truth about the

A REVIEW, BY DR. HARRY FARMER, OF "THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINEB." BY FRANK CHARLES LAUBACH, PH.D."

RECENT articles, under the general title of the "Isles of Fear," have appeared in the various papers throughout the country, evidently written to prove that the people of the Philippines ure not ready for their political independence. Dr. Laubach, a missionary of the American Board, could have had no knowledge of the newspaper arti('les, since his book was in press before they began to appear. Dr. Laubach's book deals with facts as he has seen them. At times he has some things to say which are not very complimentary to the Filipinos, but one cannot read the pages without concluding that they are a wonderful people and capable of high development.

Dr. Laubach came to the Philippines when missionary work was already well advanced, but he went to the Island of Mindanao which had been little cultivated up to that time. He was at the first station established by the American Board Mission at Davao, but later moved to the north coast and pushed the work in all directions, cooperating with the. Presbyterians, who sent down preachers from Negros, as well as many fine young men who graduated from the Silliman Institute in Dumaguete. Upon return from furlough in 1920, Dr. Laubach took up work in the Union Theological Seminary of Manila, and has become deeply interested in the student life of the Islands. He believes in the Filipinos, and feels the day is coming when they should have complete control of the country.

'''1'he People of the Philippines" is a religious book and presents the best history of Christian missions in the Philippines that has yet appeared. Everyone who has had anything to do with the wonderful development of the people and the Islands during the last quarter of a century will find it very interesting reading, even casual readers who care little or nothing for the Church.

The religious tendency is strong in the Filipino people, and is probably an inheritance from the Malay race. When the Spaniards came in 1521, the people were Mohammedans, and because of the attempt to convert the natives by force, Magellan and many of his followers were slain. Prior to the coming of the Moslem missionaries, there was intercourse with Indian customs and religious practices, and the people were also greatly influenced by visits from China. There was always a reaching out after God. This can be seen in the present practices of the pagan Igorots of northern Luzon, and those of the interior of Mindanao in the far south.

• Published by Doran, New York. 1924. 465 PP. $3.50 net.

459

With the coming of the Spaniards and their superior forces, the Malays were obliged to submit, though they were never completely conquered. In honor of King Philip, the Islands were called the Philippines. It was either baptism or the sword. The sword conquered, but the people always aspired for independence in all matters of thought, religion and politics. Dr. Laubach speaks charitably, yet plainly, concerning the almost 400 years of Spain and Romanism when the people were given a medireval civilization, with a fanaticism and superstition bred in ignorance. From one to three per cent only were given any form of education, and for the most part only those who could assist in matters of State and Church. One history states that in the last one hundred years of Spanish domination, there were twenty-one insurrections, the last one being so successful that the Government gave the leaders 800,000 pesos to leave the country. Leaders of the revolutions were killed and deported by the hundreds, and at one time 1,500 were shot on the Luneta. The last great murder was that of Jose Rizal" now called the Father of his country, who was shot at the instigation of. the Friars, because he would not recant and receive the absolution of the Church. It was well for the Catholic Church that America stood for religious liberty in the early days, for the people hated both Spain and Rome. The Spanish friars and priests were not safe outside of Manila.

A few years ago 3,000,000 people under a Filipino, Bishop Aglipay, organized an Independent Filipino Church,. based largely on the practices of the Roman Catholic Church, except confession and allegiance to the Pope. A large number of municipalities voted Rome out and the Independents in, turning over the large churches and converts to the Aglipayan priests. In due time, through processes of law, Rome regained these properties and the "Independientes" were forced to build bamboo churches. Attempts were made to use this new church organization largely for political purposes, and great theological difficulties have been encountered. Nevertheless, the Church, with possibly less numbers, is stronger than ever today, and is becoming more like the evangelical churches. The people will not submit to a foreign potentate like the Pope. They want both ecclesiastical and political independence. They love the United States and are grateful for the benevolent paternalism which has been exercised, but feel the time has come to give them entire independence, with such arrangements as will guarantee mutually happy and beneficial relationships.

Missionaries came in the early days of American occupation. In fact, some were to be found among the soldiers. Seven great denomiuations of the Evangelical Church were represented through their several Boards of Foreign Missions. The Protestant Episcopal Mission specialized on the Moslems and the wild tribes, while the other six Missions delimited the territory to avoid overlapping. The

1925J THE TRUTH ABOUT. THE PHILIPPINES

Evangelical Union is stronger than ever today, and has Filipino representatives in its membership. This fellowship makes possible a unity of action which promises a more speedy evangelization of the Islands. Many union institutions prove the fine spirit of cooperation, the centraf example being that of the Theological Seminary in Manila, which trains preachers for all churches. With Bible, hymn book, union periodicals and other Christian literature in common, there is great promise of one great Evangelical Church, manned and supported by the Filipinos.

This is a story to rejoice the heart of those who love to see the Gospel spread abroad in the earth. What trophies of Christ's power! Scores in the Christian ministry, and hundreds more found in all walks of life, teachers, lawyers, doctors, business men. The innate hospitality. and kindliness of the Filipino, tinctured by the Christ love, makes a visit to the Christian homes a joy long to be remembered. No mission field has developed so many self-supporting churches in so brief a period of time. It is not done without sacri- :fice, but it means the laying of a natural foundation which will support a strong Church of the future.

The Evangelical missions have had little need to establish schools, as this has been done by the Government. A few parish schools only have been opened, but a number of secondary schools, and only one high-grade institution-Silliman Institute. The students have been reached through the Christian dormitory, opened near the high schools, and at the University in Manila. Boys and girls have been gathered into these institutions, helped in their school work, and have been given an opportunity to :find their Lord and worship Him in spirit and in truth. The Sunday-school has had a wonderful development. The young people educated in English in the public schools have received through correspondence and in Bible institutes, traiJling in religious education, which has made them leaders in the Sunday-sehools, and in the Proyincial and National Sunday School Unions. This is a forward-looking enthusiastic institution, and will prove the bulwark of the Church.

The Roman Catholic Church has not been untouched by this Evangelical movement. American Jesuits and other American prelates have come to the Islands to take up the training of the Filipino youth and to introduce new methods. The effects are already seen in renovation of church buildings, introduction of pews, organization of Sunday-schools, young people's societies and other aetivities, which appeal to the youth of the land.

The author looks forward to the day when Filipino missionaries will go into all countries of the Far }i~ast and aid in the work of evangelization. Already they have gone to their countrymen in Hawaii, and some have begun work in Malaysia and Java.

Power of a Gospel

BY ABDUL-FADY (ARTHUR T_ UPSON), NILE MISSION PRESS, CAIRO A SCRAP of paper may be used to change the fortunes of a man, a nation, or even of the world. The Bible Societies issne single gospels or epistles, but the Nile Mission Press portionettes contain short, selected passages of Scripture on a special subject. A gift of $5,000 paid for no less than 1,200,000 portionettes, which included eighteen historical SUbjects, twelve doctrinal, seven on parables and miracles, one for Jews upon the Epistle to the Hebrews, and six on the Sermon on the Mount.

Some of these portionettes are given out by the broadcasting method, the object being to cover as much ground as possible in a short space of time. As an illustration, Mr. Porter of the Egypt General Mission, writes: ""'Ve left here early on Wednesday morning by road and on this trip we distributed 4,000 portionettes."

There is also the intensive method of dealing with individuals. Standing in a main thoroughfare, at the turning point for the licensed brothels, and right in a constant stream of traffic, a worker will hand to every passer-by-as fast as his fingers can move-a copy of a purity or a temperance tract, while the worker behind will hand him one of the Scripture portionettes. None are refused or torn.

Meanwhile a third worker is busy "buttonholing" those who have slipped past the first two pickets, and exhorts them to give up sin. Often we are able to give a clear message even amid the distressing sights, sounds and scenes. During four years from 1918 to 1922, not less than 80,000 young men have received these tracts from a single worker. Two such helpers-Gohar Effendi, an American Mission evangelist, and Sheikh Iskandar, a converted Moslem, baptized by the Church Missionary Society twenty years ago-distributed 15,000 leaflets and portionettes during the summer of 1923. As a result, hundreds of young men have been rescued.

The Nile Mission Press has also issued fifty varieties of colloquial porti@nettes in simple Arabic. The publications of the Press go to thirty lands, and hearty welcome comes from even the most barren of all lands-north and east of Arabia.

Arrangements have now been made to produce a large Arabic edition of some larger portionettes on Bible subjects. The selections are wisely made and give the reader a clear conception of the Biblical system of truth, creation, preservation, sin and redemption. On each page is a reading from the Scripture in large print, and at the top and bottom are related passages in smaller type.

Who shall estimate "The Power of a Gospel Portionette"~ 462

M….-B.-.-.-TH=eOcDu.Sas .@

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CROl'.'X, 728 M1!HLENBURG BLDG., PHILADELPHIA, PA.

COMMUNITY CELEBRATIONS hand to make sure of good order. By R10V. H~:NRY MOEHLING Exactly at nino o'clock the bugle Pastor of Gethsemane Lutheran Church, sounds. Every door in the block is thrown open and out of the doors Philadelphia, Pa.

Philadelphia is a city of communi- come the boys and girls and the men ties with a community spirit. Some and women. Everyone gathers of the communities sub-divide them- around the stand_ A local clergyman selves into blocks, and organize for begins the day's festivities with the celebration of outstanding days: prayer, and makes a very short talk Christmas, Flag Day, Decoration Day about the importance of the day to and Fourth of July. the community. Old Glory is raised For all of these celebrations great high on the staff as everyone joins preparations are made, and a fine in singing" The Star Spangled Ban- spirit pirevaiIs- ner." As the string is pulled unfurl- In one block in West Philadelphia iug the flag hundreds of little flags in which there are thirty houses on float through the air becoming the each side of the street, the residents prize and pride of the c.rowd that is have formed an association to cele- constantly growing larger and larger.

brate the festival days of interest to Later a whistle sounds and the boys everyone. and girls know it is time for the con- On Christmas eve there is a block tests to begin. First come the four- Christmas tree with carolers from all year-olds with their Kiddie Kars, folthe home~ singing Christmas carols. lowed by other contests of various Flag Day and Decoration. Day are types with contestants of various ages.

gala occasions with special decora- At H: 30 A. lVI. a signal is given tions, and the Fourth of July celebra- and everybody goes home to lunch. tion is one of the greatest events of Since extra preparations were made the year. July third is a busy day. the day before lunches are over in a • Cooking is done in advance and all short time. At 12: 45 the band apthe preparations are made for the pears, and at one o'clock the overture coming holiday. The street is roped is played. Immediately the street is off, festooned and decorated with filled. Ponies and pony carts are on bunting, and lanterns. In the center hand and the children, with free of the block a large stand is erected tickets, enjoy an hour of joyous rides with seats for a twenty or thirty piece for the length of the block and back hand and a speaker's platform. Every again. In the meantime a ventrilofamily invites guests from "back quist is ready with his act and the home" or "up country," or from crowd around the stand is having its other sections of the city. Every share of entertainment. Various other member of the various families and features are introduced, differing all the guests receive a patriotic paper somewhat from year to year. Always hat, and for the children there is a a soloist of note adds to the real special gift of ice cream and candy. value of the program.

On the morning of the Fourth all By four o'clock the audience is is in readiness withjJ'olicemen on ready fur the speakers who have been 463

invited by the Committee on Arrange- Very naturally the pastor led the ments. After the speaking there is a conversation to his church on the cor- lull and evervone lmderstands that it ner. '1'he policeman told him that he is the "Do-what-you-Please" Hour. wa& a Jew, and thanking him for the Neighbors visit with neighbors, and a lemonade turned to go.

general friendliness fills the air, until "My wife and boy will be out this time to go home for the evening meal. afternoon," he called as he started At 6: 45 there is another bugle call, down the steps.

and "the block" reappears in the "Bring them around to see us,"

costumes of colonial days, represent- called the pastor cordially.

ing patriotic personages and events. Later on the policeman came back .A. line of parade is formed. Horses, with his wife and son. Jew and Gen- wagons, automobiles-any type of tile, they sat on the stone steps and conveyance that can be commandeered chatted pleasantly together. The . for service is on hand for what "the wife was a member of a Christian block" is pleased to call "The Best church, but the boy had never been Parade in West Philadelphia." to Sunday-school.

.A. schedule has been arranged with "My ooy must go to Sunday- other blocks that are having parades school," announced the father. "I so that each may visit the other, and want him to be in a Christian Sun- all have a vote in which parade is best. day-school. Would you accept him Prominent. speakers are introduced in yours'"

-senators, congressmen and others , 'Indeed we would," answered the who may be available-and their re- pastor. "We'll be glad to have him marks are greeted with enthusiastic as a member of our school and glad applause. to have you and your wife come with Eight-thirty arrives and the whole him."

block is bright with many-colored lan- One Sunday evening a few weeks terns, and the evening's program be- later a policeman slipped into the gins, planned especially for the young corner seat of the last pew in the folks. church. Unafraid in situations which At some time during the day prac- called for valor, he was timid when tically everyone in "the block" has he entered the door of a Christian been on the street. Opportunities for church. ·The cordial welcome he re- acquaintance and friendship are to ceived soon made him feel at home be found on every hand. and he came again and again.

On one of these Fourth of July One year went by. Another year • celebration days a pastor who lived in .was added to it. Then one day he "the block" sat on his porch. Since said to the pastor: early in the morning he had been mov- "Will you baptize me' I want to ing around through the crowd, renew- be a Christian." ing old acquaintances or making new "Indeed I will," answered the pasones. The bowl that had been filled with lemonade at the beginning of tor. "When will you be baptized'" the day was almost empty now. Many "'Whenever you wish," was the guests had stopped at the parsonage earnest answer. that day to greet the pastor and his wife. As the policeman on the beat Mter several months of special inpassed, the pastor called, "Won't you struction he was baptized. Two years have some cold lemonadeT" have passed. Every other Sunday night, when he is off duty, this faith- ful Christian Hebrew is in church, The policeman's eyes brightened at and his daily life and conversation the cordiality of the invitation and testify that. his Christianity is gen- the tinkle of the ice !tgainst the sides uine.

of the bowl. Between the sips of , Neighborly friendship will do much lemonade he talked with the pastor. . to win men and women to the Christ

BEST METHODS

who gave "as thyself" for the stand- as the Pitkin Class, is limited pracard by which we should measure our tically by the capacity of the room in love to our neighbor. which meetings are held. These classes, so far as attendance and ad- MOULDING THE PLASTIC AGE ministration are concerned, are self- By MURDOCK McLEOD governing, self-promoting, and self- In the Shadyside Church of Pitts- perpetuating groups, for they have burgh, of which Dr. Hugh Thompson been meeting now continuously for Kerr is pastor, there assembles every twelve years with unabated interest,. week for religious instruction and eager for the first meeting in the fall spiritual guidance two groups of stu- and reluctant to disband in the dents from the near-by universities spring. The sessions terminate about in two Bible classes which in some May 1st.

a respects are altogether unique. Every Piractically every class and every Thursday evening group of some department of these schools, and fifty or sixty students from Carnegie many religious denominations are Institute of Technology gathers about represented in these two groups. They the table for supper in a pleasant present a cross section of the student room in the church and spends an life of these two great universities.

hour facing and discussing the seri- While regular courses of Bihle ous and practical problems of religion study are conducted by Dr. Kerr as and life, and· the following Friday teacher, the students are allowed to from eighty to one hundred students submit in writing questions for dis- from the University of Pittsburgh cussion. On the day of my visit the meet for lunch in the same room for questions submitted covered a wide a similar purpose. The lunches served range of subjects, all the way from are free to the students, being the "double standard of morals," to financed by individuals and prepared the problems of predestination. Ques- and !';erved by the women of Dr. tions thm; submitted for discussion Kerr's church. must represent real problems or per- .A few days ago the writer had the plexities in the life or thought of those privilege of sitting as a visitor at a who present them. Nothing superfi- session of each of these classes, and cial or trivial, and no questions of was impressed, as anyone must be mere, idle curiosity are accepted.

who has a similar privilege, with sev- There is the utmost frankness in pre- eral unusual features. senting these questions and everyone Noting thc promptness and eager- so presented is considered seriously ness with which these young people and if possible answered with the assembled for this hour of social fel- same frankness and sincerity. There lowship and Bible study, it was quite is no attempt on the part of the natural to inquire what means or teacher to evade or substitute, or methods were employed to secure their merely moralize. Both teacher and attendance and how the attendance student are alike honest seekers after was kept up, every seat being filled. truth.

"The problem is not to keep up the These group gatherings partake of attendance, " replied the president of the nature of a Bible class, a forum the elass, "but to hold it down, that and a sort of confessional, for in this is, to keep it within the limits neces- atmosphere of sincerity and frankness sary for the best results." a mutual confidence between student The Thursday evening class, known and teacher prevails. The student as the "Toknon," fixes its own limit, feels that to this place he may come vacancies being filled by voting the with the problems that perplex him, applicant into membership in the assured of the utmost help.

class. The second, composed of Pitts- As a teacher of such groups of alert, burgh University students and known inquiring and open-minded students, 4

Dr. Kerr is peculiarly fitted. He has have not participated in the survey. a remarkable grasp of the funda- And each one thus taking part is to mental truths of the Christian reli- center petition upon a specific point. gion; understands the student mind Following out this plan closely, at and has those qualities of conviction, the last meeting a dozen different courage, tact and sympathy which people took part, and the entire prestudents admire in a teacher. He has lude did not occupy as much as fifa ready perception and appreciation teen minutes. 'rhus the main feature of the problem involved; a direct of the evening's program is given way of getting at the root of the mat- ample time, and variety is introduced ter; a most interesting and convinc- into the proceedings. ing way of revealing and applying the salient truths. He can make his Possibly a sample of the "reports" remarks pointed without wounding given may be suggestive. Take that and can differ without offending or of India: alienating. " A cable from ~elhi announces the When we think of the hundreds of passing of a resolution in the India young people, who during the past A.ssembly looking to a reduction of twelve years have passed through his opium use, and providing for a comclasses, found new light on the prob- mittee to examine into the Governlems of life, and a firmer footing of ment Opium Policy. In the discusfaith, we are sure that here is a man sion following the introduction of the who is doing much to mould aright a resolution, Sir Basil Blackett, Finance part at least, of the plastic age. Member, announced the government policy as aiming at a maximum of A "SWIFT SURVEY" revenue with a minimum output of opium, declaring that India has done By DAVID MCCONAUGHY more than any other country to re- duce the use of opium, and that at Uppel' Montclair, N. J. heavy loss of revenue. But it will not be forgotten that when the Amer- The Monthly Missionary Meeting ican delegates withdrew f.rom the Inof the Presbyterian Church of Upper ternational Opium Conference at Montclair, :t'j.. .J., regularly features, Geneva a few months ago, it was by way of prelude, a Swift Survey of mainly beeause the English repreworld events. Each of the seven sentative of the India Government remembers of the Missionary Commit- jected the proposal to prohibit the tee is assigned a segment of the circle production of opium except for meof the world-field as follows: dicinal purposes, and it is worthy of note that when this subject came up Our Home Land China in the India Assembly the principal Latin America India speech was made by a Christian, Dr. Africa Japan ·Chosen S. K. Datta, a speech which Sir Moslem World Basil himself described as ' a moderate The understanding is that the swift and sincere exposition of the tempersurvey will be kept "swift" in fact ance view of the suhject.' In contrast as well as in name. Each one is con- to it was the appeal made by Mr. fined to one minute, at the close of COsgrove, an English o:f6;cial, on bewhich, if necessary, the leader rises half of the coolies of Assam, who, he as a silent signal that the time is up. said, found a moderate use of opium It is not expected that anyone will a preventative of the evil effects of make a speech, but simply report a hard work and illness! Mr. McAllum, fact within the compass of a night another English official, defended the letter. The fact in each case is to be Burmah Government and ridiculed selected with special reference to call- some of the statistics cited, as not ing forth prayer, and when the cycle taking into account the consumption of reports has been completed, at once a season of prayer follows, in which those are asked to take part who

of opium by elephants, who he said, in the programs, supplemented by attake it in large doses!" tractive invitations to genuine friend- liness, since all are now in America. FROM ALL NATIONS, BUT The venture has now passed the ex- perimental stage and is proving its AMERICANS ALL worth in the increasing sociability of the women who attend. MRS. FRANK M. GOODCHILD The programs are varied from One of the l1W..t hopeful (woo'1r1>plishments month to month, the foreign women alrmg the 'cay of ilnter-racial friendship I1/l!d themselves furnishing the entertain- 'unilerstanding is being wrought out in New ment. One foreign group will be the York City by a {!roup of wom6'1'll in a month- reception committee, welcoming the ly Friendly Meeting. Mrs. Goodchild tells arrivals at the doors. Another group of the programs in a way thM will be sug- will serve the ;refreshments, taking gestive to other women who may Wl1/l!t to particular delight in offering some try the plan in other cities. national dainty as a surprise. The meeting opens with two or three Racial antipathy is one of the prim- popular hymns, one or two verses of itive instincts of humanity and yields each, sung without books, and often but slowly to the pacifying influence in several different languages, since of either civilization or culture. Even the older women may not understand followers of the Christian religion English. The Scripture is read by must battle long and hard against this one group in concert, and prayer is elemental dislike of one race for an- offered by a member of some other other. This aloofness may pass mus- race. The program continues from ter in countries where the foreign eight until nine and the next hour is population is small or isolated, but in devoted to games and refreshments. America, where the long-time citizen The games are of the variety to inis but a few generations removed from clude all. One evening picture postbeing himself a foreigner, and where cards of places in New York were cut he must perforce rub elbows with the into two irregular parts and distriblatest arrivals from. the ends of the uted, and the company became sucearth, a laissez-faire attitude is im- cessfully mixed in matching their possihle for either comfort or safety. Especially in Christian communities cards. or organizations, the hostile attitude should be broken down by the con- In F'ebruary the program took the vincing demonstration of some com- form of a Hero Night. One member mon interest. of each foreign congregation wrote on the blackboard the name of her Since women are notably the con- country's greatest hero and told the servatives of the world, yielding more reason :fo,r the choice, then the whole readily to prejudice because of the group sang a verse of their national narrow confines of domesticity, they anthem. Presently the names o:f are morc liable to the petty offenses twelve natable heroes were on the of racial antagonisms, and even board, and some of the women were though the Halian man may develop quite eloquent in their praises of a tolerable friendship for the Czecho- their countrymen. Garibaldi, Con- Slovak who works beside him, their fucins, Tolstoy, Booker Washington, wives are apt to pass each other with and Luther were all written there. a stony stare even in the church build- Then Washington and Lincoln were ing where both races hold their meet- added, with a word about their great ings. service to our country, and small pictures of these two patriots were In New York City an effort is be- distributed. A talk followed about ing made to associate the women of the "Name that is above every some of the foreign-speaking churches name, " and high oyer all the names in a monthly Friendly Meeting, and adopting the principle of Dr. Hahnemann that "Like cures like," liberal doses of nationality a,re administered

on the board was hung a card with patience, the utilization of every the name of Jesus Christ in illumi- amusement that is common to woman- nated letters, while the audience sang, kind, and a refusal to be defeated by "Take the Name of Jesus With You." occasional discouragement-these are Tiny American flags were given out all the equipment required to realize and held aloft while all sang, the same results in any town of for- "Our fatl18rs' God to Thee, eign populations.

Author of liberty, 'To Thee we sing." HOW A CHURCH CAN HELP A lively game of geography fin- ABOLISH WAR ished the evening. The star field of By DR. SIDNEY L. GULICK a 'large American flag was covered Every church in America should with plain blue muslin and forty- have a real share in the Christian eight white paper stars were given crusade to abolish war if it desires to out. Those holding the stars came do its full part in establishing the up and pinned them in plac.e, each Kingdom of God. There are several naming from memory a state of the things which every church, large or Union, and so re-making the field of small, can do. the states. Pro-mptly at ten o'clock there is always a great handshaking 1. Observe Armistice Day, Novemas we sing, "Good-night ladies, we're ber 11th, or Armistice Sunday by going to leave you now. " some appropriate service, and also provide in the Sunday-school, at least A "Grown-Up Kindergarten" twice a year, on the Sundays nearest proved a fascinating evening, the May 18th and Novemher 11th, an women sitting obediently on the tiny exercise or lesson on the abolition of chairs and going through the daily war and the way to achieve and mainkindergarten program, the talk be- tain permanent world peace. May ing, "How maya New York woman 18th, formerly .known as "Hague know that spring is coming." The Day" in commemoration of the first regular kindergarten games followed, Hague Conference (1899), since the skipping and Goosey Gander and all war is being observed as "Interthe rest, then refreshments of cocoa national Goodwill Day." and alphabet crackers, and every woman colored and cut out and 2. Promote the use of study courses pasted into form a life-size bluebird on World Justice and Peace by each to take home for happiness. of the groups and classes of young people and adults as a part of the Easter offered opportunity for an regular program during the year '8 "Egg Exchange" and a talk on "The activities. Four or five courses for legends of Easter, rabbits, eggs, study classes are now available and chickens and other Easter toys." at least two others are in course of Each woman brought a c.olored egg with her n am e and nationality preparation. scratched on it. These were collected 3. Establish a Peace Workers' and then redistributed so that no Library for the use of church memone should have her own. Then the bers and definitely encourage its use. leader called the name on the egg One or two dozen volumes would proshe had, and that woman stood up. vide the church a very good variety In turn she called the name on the and enable the readers to secure a egg she held until every woman in well-balanced view of the prohlems of the room was standing. They all war and peace.

took home their eggs, each with the 4. Adopt some declaration of faith name of a new friend. and purpose to work for a warless After all there is nothing remark- world. The" International Ideals"

able in the event. Sympathy, friend- of the churches might serve as a liness, careful preparation, infinite model or be adopted as it stands.

19'25] BEST METHODS

Interna.tional Ideals of the Churches should see that the entire membership of the church is informed and in- of Christ in America spired.

I. We believe that nations no less A Concrete Case than individuals are subject to God'8 immutable moral laws. The Broadway Tabernacle Church of New York City has already done II. We believe that nations achieve four of these five things, and is in true welfare, greatness and honor process of taking the fifth step, numonly through just dealing and unsel- ber four of the abo'Ve list. fish service. Its "Council 0 n International III. We believe that nations that Goodwill" consists of two representaregard themselves as Christian have tives each of the Church Committee, special international obligations. t.he Sunday-school, the Women's Missionary Society, the Young Men's IV. We believe that the spirit of Club and the Christian Endeavor So- Christian brotherliness can remove ciety. The Council meets when every unjust barrier of trade, color, called by the Chairman. The Comcreed and race. mittee on Literature has established an unusually fine collection of books V. We believe that Christian pa- for Peace Workers. The Council triotism demands the practice of printed a special flier on the World goodwill between nations. Court qucstion, which was distributed through the pews one Sunday morn- VI. We believe that international ing in January, 1925. All the groups policies should secure equal justice cooperated in securing signatures for all races. from church members to a petition to the Senate on the World Court ques- VII. We believe that all nations tion. A special committee of the should associate themselves perma- Council presented the World Court nently for world peace and goodwill. question to the New York City Federation of Churches, with a view VIII. We believe in international to having the matter acted on by all law, and in the universal use of in- the churches of New York. The ternational courts of justice and Council is preparing plans for observboards of arbitration. ing Goodwill Day in the Sunday- school. IX. We believe in a sweeping reduction of armaments by all nations. When fifty thousand churches follow this splendid example, the X. We believe in a warless world, Crusade for a Warless World will be and dedicate ourselves to its achieve- well on its way. ment. Churches or individuals desiring 5. Establish a Church Committee further information on this Crusade or Council on International Goodwill for a Warless World may write to to serve as the visible expression of the Federal Council of the Churches the interest of the church in world of Christ in America, 105 East 22d peace, to carry forward the various Street, New York City. peace activities of the church, and to cooperate with other churches in com- "That life is most worth living whose munity enterprises and programs in the establishment of a Christian work is most worth while." world order. "If we have not enough in 'our religion This committee, in the Case of a small church, might consist of only to drive us to share it with all the world, two persons besides the pastor. But it is doomod h~,re at home." every church should lay upon some two or three members the responsibil- "Other people arc talking brotherhood; ity of keeping in touch with other churches in this matter, so that it will the missionary is exemplifying it." be ready to do its part when the time for action comes. The committee

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QmxLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY FARM AND CANNERY MIGRANTS came interested and in some cases at- By MARY EDITH P. OLIVER, tended evening classes and shared in Q.haitrman of the Committee the recreation. Bible stories were Another year of service among dramatized, verses learned and gos- Farm and Cannery Migrants has pels of Mark given to the children. demonstrated the immediate and vital They loved "the little red books." need of this work, and the successful One of the favorite verses was John 3: 16, and the hymns most often called program carried out wherever we for were" Jesus Loves the Little Chil- have had our stations has convinced dren of the World" and "Beneath the Committee that a practical solu- the Cross of Jesus." One little boy tion of the problem has been found. when asked the meaning of the phrase, The Women's Home Mission Boards "in the burning- of the noon-tide heat, "

of twelve denominations have coop- said," Oh! yes, that means being nice erated: Baptist, Christian, Congre- and good when it's hot and we're gational, Evangelical, Free Methodist, down in the fields. picking beans.!" Methodist Episcopal, Presbyterian, U. S. A., United Presbyterian, Prot- Undernourished children weI' e estant Episcopal, Reformed in Amer- given special attention; first aid was iea, Reformed, U. 8., United Breth- a daily occurrence, not only for the ren, the budget now beiug $10,000. children, but for the older boys, girls Under the able leadership of the and parents at work in the canneries.

Executive Supervisor, Miss Laura H. Children were taken to the hospital Parker, the eastern stations have in- by our workers when their mothers eluded two at Bel Air, Maryland, one could not leave their work.

each at Riverton, New Jersey, Stew- The daily program included day artstown, Pennsylvania, and Hurlock, nursery, playground work, les'Sons in Maryland, among Poles, Lithuanians, Am e I' i can citizenship, sanitation, Italians and Negroes. 'fhe program home making and Christian living, has covered varying periods of from with Bible stories and prayer.

four to eight weeks according to local At Stewartstown the handwork of conditions and needs. The coopera- the children merited the award of tion of managers of eastern canneries, first prize at the County Fair.

and their expressed appreciation, has The activities of the Supervisor been helpful and encouraging. have included in part, the selection As heretofore, most of the workers of the workers, supervision of the at the stations were college girls who eastern stations and, through corre- responded to this opportunity for spondence, those in the West, present- service. The applicants were so un- ing the need and the program to usually well prepared that it was dif- college groups, 10 c a I federations, ficult to choose. The personnel at each women's and young people '8 mission- station was, therefore, remarkably fine, ary societies, women's clubs and and under the guidance of these leaders schools of missions. The use of the most satisfactory progress was made. stereopticon lecture has been helpful The central theme chosen was The and effective, the two sets being much Home in Relation to Health, Educa- in demand.

Hon and Religion. Not only did the Many of the committee members children respond wonderfully to this have contributed generously of their broad program, but their mothers be- time in the interest of publicity, nn- 470 merous addresses haviNg been made Don Nunamaker Ranch in Hood by them. The Committee on Student River County financed jointly by sev- Work has cooperated in the presenta- eral apple growers, the parents of the tion of the program to various col- children enrolled and the Committee leges and schools. on Farm and Cannery Migrants.

"The Kingdom of Love," a pag- After weighing applications from eant written for the Committee by more than thirty cities and counties Ruth Mougey Worrell was most suc- in the eleven Pacific coa.t and Rocky cessfully given at the Northfield In- Mountain states, the Cc;mmonwealth terdenominational Hom eMission Fund has chosen Marion County, Ore- Conference in July, 1924. gon, of which Salem is the County < seat, for a Child Health Demonstra- The latest development has been in tion, thus proving the pressing need the Northwest, where at the request of that' district. The population is of an interdenominational group of estimated at 55,000, 90% Americanwomen, under the immediate super- born. It is essentially rural, Salem "ision of Miss Louise F. Shields work having a population of 25,000. The has been begun in Salem among the varied crops-berries, nuts, hops, flax hop pickers and among the apple har- -and the developing dairying and vesters in the Hood River Valley, canning interests indicate a great Oregon. It is estimated that there variety of resources as well as probare 50,000 migratory workers in that lems incident to a chronic migratory section during the summer and fall, labor population. .As aptly expressed many Americans, some Orientals. by Miss Shields, it is "salvaging bruised and broken lives for the Miss Shields, who is also secretary Kingdom of God." of the Seasonal Employment Commission of Oregon had made a survey Taking into consideration the army in 1923, following a trip in 1922 to a of migratory children in California, estimated at from five to ten thousand, large hop ranch which convinced her many of whom "as fast as Nature of the need of work. At this ranch turns the cycle pick the crops"; the she had persuaded the owner to put young people in the Alaskan canon a program of health and recrea- neries, the children in the beet fields tion. As our representative during of Colorado and Michigan and in the the season of 1924 she has been" sell- onion marshes of Ohio-aU of whom ing the idea" to various ranch owners need just this type of Christian social and paving the way for a much larger service-it is the hope of the Commitprogram another year. Many of the tee that increased resources will make children in the West, as in the East, possible the development of the work are under-nourished and are suffering wherever migratory families can be from serious physical handicaps. reached.

It is gratifying to know that a be- A social worker in a large organiginning has been made in Oregon ~ation writes of this Farm and Canalong the line of citizensnip training. nery service, "It is the soundest piece Through the Oregon Superintendent of Americanization work it has been of Public Instruction it was found my gratification to see." that many of the children do not attend school because the parents want Mary E. McDowell, Commissioner their earnings, or because they feel of Public WeHare in the city of Chiunable to buy suitable clothing or cago, reminds us that "in the playbooks, or because their period of resi- time of their lives, over one million dence is too short in any community children are working for wages in this to make it worth while. Two schools 'land of the brave and the home of were maintained at the Horst ranch the free.' These children are from in Polk County during the hop har- ten to fourteen years of age, and don't vest with all expenses paid by the forget tbat they are the seed corn of ranch manage!llent, and one at· the

the nation's future and the fruit of its for use and a bibliography are to be past. The child who goes to the wage- inclUded in the chapters.

earning world before his playtime of It will be about 128 pages and will life is over is cheated of his God-given be published for the Federation ana rights. The weary child is apt to be Council by the Central Committee or.

weak physically, and is generally the the United Study of Foreign Mission!>.

bitter-sour man that is quarrelsome All orders should be sent to MiSb and cannot think straight. The over- M. H. Leavis, West Medford, Mash.

worked girls cannot be the strong. The price will probably be 30 cents b mothers of vigorous children. It is single copy, 25 cents in lots of ten..

an awful thing for any country to make her children weary-worn. You, THE BLIND as patriotic Americans, will demand Items from the report or the Committee or the Home Missions Council a.nd Council of that every child, black or white, for- eign-born or American-born, shall Women for Home Missions. Irene Ha.islip. Ohairman. have a right to play and work under conditions that give the spiritual life The National Committee for the a chance to develop, for we must never Prevention of Blindness has reported forget that over a million and a half that from 1910 to 1920 there has been of wage-p,arning children in our great a decrease of 5,000 blind because of . prompt treatment and precautionary country are children of God and measures taken by public health orfuture governors of our Republic." ganizations and by school officials.

ON EARTH, PEACE Over against this, this same Com- mittee has announced that from Sep- The Conference on the Cause and tember, 1923, to September, 1924, Cure of War recommended that each 4,456 men, women and children have of the participating organizations been partially or totally blinded plan a program to· make effective the through accidents. findings of that Conference. A booklet on peace suitable for forum use by Once a year a play is given at one summer conferences and schools of of the theatref< in New York City for missions, as well as groups next the blind; 1,150 blind attended the winter, has been decided to be one of performance last fall. the best methods for the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions Several non-sectarian organi2;ations and the Council of Women for Home which are interested in the blind are Missions. making an cffort to place a radio set in the home of every blind person in On Earth, Peace is to be the title this country. of this booklet which is to contain six chapters as follow: "Is War Consis- A committee appointed by the Mistent with the Christian Way of Life" souri Commission for the Blind is inby Miss Rhoda McCulloch, "The In- yestigating two-side Braille printing terracial Situation in America" by and hopes in a year to perfect plans }irs. D. E. Waid, "Christianizing for such printing in this country. International Relations" by Miss Margaret E. Burton, "Discussion of The Sunday-School Board of the Causes of War" by Mrs. E. H. Silver- Southern Baptist Convention, having thorn, "Discussion of Cures of War" become interested in the blind, has ap- pointed a Field Secretary and appro- priated $20,000 for this work.

by Mrs. John Ferguson, "The Definite The National Council of the Protes- Task of Church W om,en» by Mrs. tant Episcopal Church has a great Henry W. Peabody, and appendix work for the blind and this past year containing text of the League of Na- has had embossed 100 grand old tions Protocol, Worlc. Court and the hymns, besides a booklet, a calendar Findings of the Conference on the and a Christmas card for 150 of its Cause and Cure of War. Suggestions blind constituency.

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MISS ELLA D. MAOLAURIN, 25 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY ISOLATIONISTS OR COOPERATORS bilities voluntarily assumed by the great body of missionary women in For all our generosity and good will our churches, of the splendid service we tend to be in one sense at least, that has been and is being rendered by a nation of isolationists. Asia, Africa, these millions of women _ volunteer ]<Jurope and Latin America are very and employed workers, serving on far away from our daily lives and Boards and Committees, serving as thinking. Most of us are so engrossed officers and as lay workers, giving in our own affairs that the great time energy, strength, ability, money, changes taking place and the prob- pra;er, a great host, doing a maa~gncoifni– lems stirring in the lives of these, to cent piece of work. And, yet I us far distant people, have little if vinced that our Master s word IS not any place in our concern. Many of being entirely fulfilled. That a us even in our good deeds, our gener- greater work than this can we do if ous alleviation of suffering, our altru- we are ready to meet certain condi- istic missionary impulses and en- tions. We must cease being isolationdeavor tend 'to meet these situations ists and become true cooperators. But without perspective and rather senti- how can this be done? What are these mentally and subjectively. We hear conditions?

the appeal or know the need as a more I heard Dr. Julius Richter of Berlin or less isolated fact and do not see, or speak here in New York a few days we disregard, the ocean of cause a~d effect flowing and eddying around It. ago. In tracing the development of missions he said that in the 18th Cen- We think of the "suffering orphan" tury the responsibility for foreign m~s­ or the "needy heathen" and our sions seemed to rest on Germany, III hearts and purse strings are touched the 19th century that responsibility and loosened. had shifted to Great Britain, but that But we must have more than gener- in the 20th century the largest part ous impulses'and even more than their of that responsibility had unquestion- equally generous responses, if there is ably fallen upon North America:-the to be such a thing as a Christian Amer- United States and Canada. ThIS beica sharing her opportunities and gifts ing so, what an overwhelming r~spon­ with the rest of the world. sibility is ours! How are we gOIllg to We muSt get a true perspective, meet it? In disputes over woman'8 come to understand relationships and place in the Church, in controversy, in approach the situation, not merely: as multiplying organizations Y None of benefactors, but as intelligent Chris- these will fit U8 to meet that grave retians. We must study the wholeness sponsibility, though some may be con- of the situation and come to see clearly ,cinced that we and the Church as a that the present missionary enterpr~se is tied up with many and complex lU- whole could together meet it better if terrelationships which we must under- women were given recognition in the ecclesiastical organization of the stand and learn: how to meet if we are Church and in the making of its to do with God, the great piece of policies.

work He unquestionably expects us to Let me suggest some practical ways do. which we can put into operation im- I am thinking particularly of our mediately to develop cooperation with Women's Mission Boards and De- the plan of God to meet the needs of partments, of the special responsi- the world.

473

First, let me suggest that we need a of the Gospel of Peace as taught b), much more intelligent knowledge than the missionaries from the West. Can most of ns now possess, of the whole you 1 situation of the missionary enterprise. We are only beginning to realiz(l The missionary information of the that the world and its peoples are average person is mainly some isolated rapidly being bound together in one and rather vague facts about what her bundle of life through the annihila- own deuomination is doing in certain tion of space by means of steam.

countries, but as to the status or prog- electricity, radio, air craft; by edu· ress of missions as a whole, Oil' the cation and the printed page; by dip.

problems which are seriously compli- lomatic and political relationships.

cating the situation of our missionary We are coming very slowly to this enterprise in foreign lands she knows world consciousness. It has been said but little. that the 19th century made the world Some of those problems are grow- a neighborhood, but it remains for the ing out of political and diplomatic re- 20th century to make of that world a lationships of America with the lands brotherhood. We have thought and in which our missionary work is being talked about the theory of a Christian developed; some serious complications world citizenship but the practice has are arising from the new and rapid been found too difficult to be put into industrialization of the Far East; operation to any large extent.

others from the rapid development of How many of us are studying the a strong nationalistic sentiment, great cultures of the world so that our coupled with the desire for self-de- fraternity shall lie a critical and sym- termination, which is expressing itself pathetic nnderstanding and not a also in a natural desire for control in vague undisciplined mood of gener- the National Christian Church and in osity toward unknown peoples? How mission activities and po-licies. The many of us have tried to learn what growth of westernized, scientific edu- life means to the varied racial groups cation and the fact that the East has of the world, or what is implied in the come to know that much of Western personal experience or of the search- civilization and practices is often more ing after God in the world's religions'

pagan than Christian, have added still How many of us understand the na- more complications. A Chinese stu- tional ambitions, the traditions, the dent in the United States in response history of every great and significant to an appeal to become a Christian, racial group 1 said, "Christianity is theoretically the This last question leads us to realideal religion with the most exalted ize the interdependence of interna- ethics. but as I have observed it in tional and interracial factors. We of America, it doesn't work." As Mr. the Anglo-Saxon race have been ac- Chesterton has said, "Christianity cused, and, I fear justly, of what is has not been tried and found to be a termed a "Nordic Complex." The failure, it has been found difficult and conviction of the superiority of the so not tried. " This explains much of Nordic; the white races, is so in- the lack of Christian practice and liv- trenched in our minds and we are so ing in the world today. The peoples equally sure of the inferiority of all of the East are also saying that it is colored. races that we need to make a the West which has taught them the eareful study, such as was offered us art of modern warfare, that might during this past year on "The Way makes right and that the amount of of Christ in Racc Relations." I am influence a nation has in international wondering how many of us took this affairs is conditioned upon the opportunity to think this grave and strength of its armies and navies. serious question through. trying really This they cannot reconcile with the to find "Christ '8 Way." The time principles of Christianity, the message haiS come when we can no longer go

1925J WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

to these peoples of the East with their secure cooperative action I suggest a aneient and rieh heritages and eivili- renewal of our prayer life. zations in a spirit of condecension, as superiors and benefactors, but must I have just finished reading the go in the truly Christ-like spirit of latest book published by the Central helpers and cooperators, working Committee on the United Study of with, not for them. Foreign Missions, "Prayer and Mis- siom;" by Helen Barrett Montgomery, My first plea then is for a fresh ap- and I am rejoicing that hundreds of proach with unbiased, unprejudiced thousands of our missionary women minds to a restudy and a clear evalua- throughout the United States are this tion of the whole situation of the mis- year to study this book. It should be sionary enterprise. Material varied in the hands of every woman in the and interesting is available for our Church and it should be placed there reading and study. Latin America, and followed up with the prayer that which is one of our study themes for it may be the means of awakening, or this year, should be considered with reawakening, the prayer life of these these large issues in mind and our individual women. The possibilities relationships and responsibilities to- inhering in this little volume are inward these countries south of us, our calculable when used by God's Spirit. nearest neighbors, yet so little known It should be the means of liberating a or understood. The possibilities of great volume of prayer for the cause cooperation gl-owing out of an intelli- which we all hold dear; the means of gent and sympathetic understanding liberating needed funds and workers; of other peoples and their problems, the means of realizing God's plan for problems which the West has all too the world to those who seek to know often created or COmplicated, should His purpO'3es and to do His will. stimulate us to seek the information needed and then to use it in the wisest, Let us then, the missionary women finest, most Christlike types of service. of America, a force of incalculable My second practical suggestion is potentiality, cease to be isolationists, for a reviving of our spiritual im- which means self-centered, and bepulses, a return to the source of our come cooperators-Chl'isto-Centric. power in order that we may be able to render the service needed, which Let us come to see and know and service must be in the strength and love our brethren more nearly as our the might of our God through the operations of His Holy Spirit. Master and Lord sees and knows and loves them. This attitude of mind In order to carry through this great and heart will become possible as we task which our Master has left us to strive to know Him and His purposes do, our Christianity must have a more clearly, and our brother more depth, a vigor, a vitality, a warmth of truly. love, and that quality of loyalty which will make our obedience and our serv- May we let His spirit of intercesice acceptable and usable. sion and communion sweep through us, liberating His mighty workings As a third practical suggestion to for a world that so sorely needs Him and what He alone can give.

-Katharine V. Silverthorn.

T HE Editorial Committee of the Federation of Woman's BO'lrds of Foreign Missions of North America takes pleasure in the announcement of a series of articles by noted leaders and by outstanding Nationals of China, India and Japan who are themselves the product of foreign missions.

Every woman will read the first article from our own President, Mrs. E. II. Silverthorn, and will give it the widest publicity in her church, city and state.

Note also the valuable article in this issue by Mrs. Chas. K. R<>ys (page 451).

FROM.MANYLANDS

AFRIOA who is nearest to the Kingdom has Arablc Books in North Africa evidently been preaehing the Gospel ANEW and enlarged edition of a zealously, because one of his col- Christian hymn hook in J.rabic, leagues smilingly asked us, 'Are you for the use of Mohammedan-speaking trying to make a m1tbasshir (evanpeoples of North Airica, has been is- gelist) out of him?' Dr. Zwemer sued under the direction of the Rev. turned to the 8th Psalm, and read in Percy Smith, missionary of the Meth- the sonorous monotone they like to odist Episcopal Church in Algeria. u:se for sacred books that splendid He has also published the first two panegyrie of God's works in Nature, parts of a metrical life of Christ writ- amid the reverent approbation of the ten in modern North Africa Arabic. sheikhs who stood about. Then he There will be ten parts to the work turned to the 51st Psalm and marked a few verses there about sin and forwhen completed. Because o.f the form of the Koran, giveness, and I added: 'You must be and the way that it is chanted in the sure, 0 sheikh, to read the 32d mosques, any religious book that can Psalm. ' I wrote on the fiyleaf of be chanted makes a strong appeal to each of the Bibles, 'Presented to Mohammedans. It is hoped through Sheikh – – , .A,zhar University, Cairo, these two volumes to reach a large from the American Bible Society,' number with the Cbristian message. and added our address. Twenty Dr. Smith, with the help of the Amer- years, ten years ago, such a visit ican Christian Literature Soeiety for would have been unthinkable. God is Moslems (New York), has in prepa- answering prayer and giving growth ration a Freneh translation of Muir's to the seed sown. One of these days , 'Mahomet and Islam," for use by -in His own time-there is going to young Moslem students enrolled in eome the mighty harvest from all French schools. This book is an at- these Bibles, Testaments and gospels tempt to depict the great Islamic put into the hands of the leaders and leader apart from the halo of glory teachers of Islam."

whieh bistory has built around him. REV. Modern Life in Oongoland JOHN M. AND MRS. Moslems and the Bible REV. J. OSCAR BOYD, Secretary SPRINGER have been repre- of the Arabic-Levant Agency of senting the Methodist Episcopal the American Bible Society, describes Church for OVer twenty years in the a visit made by Dr. S. M. Zwemer, Belgian Congo, and they have seen Rev. Percy Smith of Algiers and extraordinary changes during that others to EI-Azhar University in period. Mrs. Springer recently wrote: Cairo: "It is amazing how one can "Cannibals and Ford cars! Sounds now walk into that old' stronghold of rather incongruous, doesn't itT But Moslem fanaticism and propaganda the motor ear is rapidly penetrating and present the Bible or a gospel and the remotest regions of the Dark Con- meet with nothing but a friendly weI- tinent and the cannibals can already come and hands stretehed out for the hear the warning honk, honk. Yes, books. We took with us four Arabie and what will yon say when I tell you Bibles and a quantity of Matthew's that I had the white children of my Gospel for presentation, and we had a Sunday-school here on New Year's fine reception. One of the sheikhs and gave them all the ice cream and 476 cake they could eat! Motor cars, ice whole of Kenya is being touched by cream, what next f This is a very dif- the mission work in Nairobi." For ferent Africa from the one to which some time past it has been usual on we came more than twenty years ago. Sunday mornings for two congrega- On the streets one sees white ladies tions of reverent worshippers each and black maidens dressed alike in numbering about a thousar:d, to the latest fashion. Weare very IIp- crowd into the mission buildings. A to-date even to a lack of morals. It business man was so impressed with would be very enlightening to know the work he saw in Nairobi that he ·how many white people there are in gave a considerable sum towards the building of a large stone church capathis place who pass for man and wife ble of holding two thousand people. that really have legal partners else- This church was dedicated on Decemwhere in the world. Flagrant ex- ber 20th, and the following day ten amples of drunkenness and immoral- Africans were ordained deacons by ity have their effect most emphatically the Bishop of Mombasa. On Christon the native population. But we are mas Day the Duke and Duchess of glad to say that there are many of the York attended the morning service. natives constantly coming to us and saying, 'I am tired of living in sin Methodist Work in Rhodesia and wickedness and I want to turn to God.' And turn they do by the scores THE mission of the Methodist Episand hundreds. That is what makes copal Church in Rhodesia, South missionary life endurable, and that Africa, has seen not only great only. Neither motor cars nor good, growth in numbers during the past comfortable houses, nor plenty of twenty years, but also interesting food including ice cream would miti- progress along other lines. Rev. W. gate the discouraging conditions. But C. Gardner, of Old Umtali, speaks or feeding these hungry souls not only "the change in the atmosphere of the mitigates the evH conditions but two, hundred kraals and centers makes us joyously happy that we are where our native workers are either here. " stationed or go with the Christian message. Though the followers 0.£ Wheless Station for Cen.tral Africa Christ are faced with temptation in THE erection at Ujiji, Lake Tan- its peculiar African forms, a Chris- ganyika, of a wireless station has tian standard of conduct is displacemphasized the tremendous develop- ing superstition and fear and many ment in Africa since Livingstone '8 of the distinctly heathen customs and day. Mr. Basil Mathews, comment- beliefs are being abandoned under the ing on this, refers to a letter from impact of enlightenment. The new Livingstone in which ha remarks, "It convert finds himself surrounded bv is a year since I had any news from those who understand his temptatioU:s Europe. " Stanley when he at last and are ready to help him." One of found Livingstone at Ujiji in 1871 the outstanding developments during handed over letters dated 1869. .A the past twenty years has been the message can now be sent between Methodist Mission Press for which a London and Ujiji in, it is stated, one new building has just been erected fortieth of a second. and a modern drum-cylinder-press Church for 2,000 Africans installed for book work. Two hun- dred Christian hymns have been A CONSTANT stream of people of translated, set to music and printed all tribes throughout East Africa in African dialects. On this press a go to Nairobi, a busy town in Kenya large number of tracts and booklets Colony, seeking employment. Arch- have been printed and colporteurs deacon Doulton, a visitor from the C. are going out into hundreds of native M. S. Tanganyika Mission, says that villages spreading gospel portions it is "no exaggeration to say that the and other Christian literature.

A "Packed" Congregation fourteen Egyptian pounds to the THE Right Rev. J. J. Willis, Alumni Fund to pay the tuition of a Bishop of Uganda, writes in the meritorious student for a year. Mrs. Church Missionary Outlook on the Shaldr is one of the leaders of the mass movement towards Christianity Feminist Movement in Egypt and secin his diocese. Of a scene in the retary of the Woman's League of Cairo. She is registered as a special Bukedi district he says: , 'Two long, seemingly interminable student in the School of .Arts and lines of dark figures, craning forward, Sciences. Unveiled, but with her hair smiling, cheering, clapping their covered, she pursues her studies with hands in a vociferous welcome. At the men students without embarrassthe end of the two lines a neatly built ment. Her husband is studying in church, the size of which, by compari- the School of Commerce at the Unison with the crowd to be accommo- versity.

dated, seems as nothing. The crowd Je.rusalem Y. M. C. A. Building pours in, until the church is filled to the doors. No pews or chairs occupy DR. JOHN R. MOTT reports that valuable space–the people sit shoul- a friend of the Y. M. C. A. has der to shoulder on the floOO'. And given $400,000 for a modern Associathen the church, already filled, is tion building in Jerusalem. He atpacked by a simple but drastic proc- tached two conditions to his gift: ess. The ~ongregation is told to one, that his name should never be stand, then to move forward, until known, and the other, that there shall the whole is wedged into a solid mass; be placed in the building a tablet statthe space left at the back is filled ing that it has been erected for the from the waiting crowd outside, and glory of God and in memory of His then the resultant mass is told to sit only begotten Son, our Lord. When down as best it can! That in such a this incident was mentioned, a day or congregation, thus uncomfortably two later, another Christian, who, in packed, there should be silence, and the same spirit, will not let his name eVen a certain reverence, is in itself be mentioned, promised to give as remarkable. And when it is remem- much as $25,000 toward providing a bered that almost all of these are pipe organ for the building, that from young people, the best of them only this Christian center overlooking removed by a few short years from Jerusalem and the Holy Land, there savagery, the sense of wonder grows might ascend praises to the Redeemer. deeper." His example led another friend to make a gift of $12,000 to provide THE NEAR EAST chimes for the tower of the building. When these gifts were reported to Prize for Moslem Woman one of the leading Jewish lawyers in !MONG seven contestants in an ora- New York he was so deeply impressed !. torical contest for Arabic-speak- that he promised to secure by April ing students at the University of 1st for this building enterprise Beirut in February, the prize was $50,000.

won by Mrs. Ahmad Shakir, of Egypt, the first Moslem woman to Jewish Agency for Pa.lestlne D enroll at the University. Her sub- R. WEIZMANN, president of the ject was, "Show Them (the women) . World Zionist Organization, the Light." She spoke in favor of characterized as "the most far-reach- liberal education for women and the ing event that has happened in the abolition of the veil by Moslem history of the Jewish people in many women. After the Governor had de- years," the recent reconciliation of clared the winners, it was announced Zionists, Non-Zionists,' and Anti- that Mrs. Shakir had added an equal Zionists concerning the Jewish re- sum to her prize and presented the colonizing of Palestine. Under the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

League of Nations, Great Britain has for this opportunity. These young been the mandatory power for Pales- men themselves are helping in grad- tine, but in accordance with this ar- ing and laying out the avenues on and rangement the Jewish Agency for about the campus.-The Continent.

Palestine has been recognized as the appropriate public body for the pur- Moderniza.tion of Baghdad pose of advice and cooperation. The THE Christian statesmanship which Zionist organization has virtually led the foreign mission boards of been this agency, and up till the preB- the American Presbyterian and Reent the cooperation of Non-Zionists formed Churches to o,rganize a united has not been possible. The different mission for the occupation of Mesofactors no,w seem to, have established potamia, beginning with Baghdad a working cooperative basis, and the and Mosul, has been referred to more appro¥al o,f Great Britain and o,f the than once in the REVIEW. Many re- I,eague of Nations will be sought for ports are now coming of the ways in the reestablishment and recognition which the fo,rmer city is being of the Jewish Agency on a basis that modernized, and its c,onsequent imwill make it co,nsist o,f a Co,uncil of portance as a missio,nary center. One one hundred and flity and an execu- missionary writes of seeing" an Arab tive co,mmittee o,f eighteen, the Co,un- Sheikh, with his flowing garments cil to be composed of fifty per cent and distinctive headgear, sitting on a Zionists and fifty per cent Non- corner bootblack chair, having his Zionists, forty per cent of the Non- American shoes shined by an Ar- Zionist bo,dies to be representative of menian bootblack." An article in the American Jewry. New York Times giveB the following Teheran College Opened present-day facts about this ancient THE cornerstone o,f the first real city: "Tourists are flocking into the college in Persia was laid last place. Round-the-world air men autumn. The exercises were simple, dropped down there dThring the sumthe only guests being the scho,ol, the mer. There is a daily train service to alumni and a group of Americans. Basra, and weekly motor convoy serv- "According to custom," writes Mrs. ices to Ramadan, Teheran and Enzeli. S. M. Jordan, a sheep had been sacri- When an airplane mail service to ficed and all the workmen-brick- London, via Cairo, was established layers, carpenters and o,thers-had a two years ago passengers for London feast of mutton stew and melons, thus had to go via India. This co,nsumed giving these humble helpers a share a month, but now motor transports in the general happiness. Dr. Jo,r- carry patro,ns west to, London in from dan, the principal, the architect and nine to twelve days at half the cost of the Persian head maso,n moved the the old journey. There are now five sto,ne into place, and concrete made distinct lines of travel by land and o,f Portland cement imported fro,m sea to London."

Russia was Po,ured about it. The list o,f signatures o,f those who, had taken INDIA AND SIAM part in the breaking o,f ground for India Grateful for Bible A the new institution last May and the HINDU paper published in Bom- bay, The Indian Social Reformer, Bible and New Testament in English and Persian were among the objects commenting on a report of the Britplaced in the co,rnersto,ne. During ish and Foreign Bible Soeiety, says: the ceremony· two, go,vernment air- "It may be safely said that the most planes, circling abo,ut o,verhead, abiding testimony to the work of added to the picturesqueness o,f the Christian missions is the bringing of scene. College wo,rk began sho,rtly the Bible within the reach of all afterward, with two, classeB o,f young classes and communities. No one who men who had been waiting for years knows the facts will deny that mod-

ern Hinduism has in its essential ;re- Bombay, Doctor Mistri says that of spects been profoundly vivified by its Hindu children 90 per cent, and of contacts with Christ's teaching. The Mohammedan children 75 per cent impact of Christianity on Hindu are doped from birth until two years thought is but faintly reflected in the old. It is also given to children to Indian Christian community. Its appease hunger – a sidelight on the largest manifestation is to be found poverty of the masses.

in the unique way in which Hindu life and thought have been reacting Disciples' Jubilee in India to it. India will always gratefully remember the service rendered by the THE Jubilee celebration in America Christian missions in putting her in of the Disciples denomination was possession of the Bible to read in her reported in the Review. In India own languages and to interpret in the the leaders sought in their celebralight of her own great spiritual t<radi- tion to double the membership and to tions and experiences…. The book is make every Christian an intercessor, being studied and searched for the a proportionate giver, a pledged abspirit of Christ independently of the stainer, and a voluntary worker. dogmas of the churches. The Bible Every station has at least partly athas undoubtedly given a great stimu- tained these aims. Stewardship of lus to religious thought in India, and money, time an,d service was stressed the society which has made it its busi- with very gratifying results in many ness to place it within easy reach of instances. These Christians in India all is rendering a great service to the are learning to give to people in other world." countries. The junior society in Harda sent five dollars to help build Opium Given to Babies the chapel at Akita, Japan. The amount pledged as the Golden Jubi- THE National Christian Council of lee gift from India was $3,346, most India, at the request of the Inter- of which will go to Africa. In many' national Missionary Council, has pre- cases people sacrificed much in order pared a report on the use of opium in to give. In Maudaha everyone, even India which is very interesting, the poorest, gave at least one sixteenth though sad, reading. On the question of their income. In Bina two evanof the proportion of the drug that is gelists gave half a month '8 salary.

used medically or to meet the de- mands of the opium habit, the report Aspects of Everyday India R quotes evidence supplied by both In- EV. NICOL MAcNICOL, of the United Free Church of Scotland dian and Western doctors and edueators which shows that about three mission, has ;recently written a book, fifths of the total amount of opium is "The Making of Modern India," The used by addicts. One of the worst following comment made on it by the features of the situation is the terrible Dnya,nodaya is itself a summary of prevalency of doping little children. conditions in present-day I n d i a: In almost every part of India it ap- "The reader is reminded that the pears that the custom of giving opium two typical figures in the Indian landpills to small children prevails. scape are the money-lender and the Usually it is not continued beyond the 'holy man'; . . . that the doetrine age of two or three years, but up to of Karma held by most Hindus 'has that age there is indubitable evidence done more than any other doctrine to that the custom is distressingly wide- enervate them and reduce them to spread. It is given for various rea- lethargy and despair-morally, in a sons. The commonest is the mother's word, to bleed India white,' exercisdesire to stop the child's crying, par- ing 'a paralyzing influence from ticularly in the case of mothers who which India must be set free if she is work as operatives in factories. In to progress at all,' since the doctrine

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

has helped to forge India's three ber of Medical Missions and was later quoted in W m'ld Dmninion. The heaviest chains, viz., her asceticism, writer of this article gave an account of an experiment made by teaching her passive acceptance of things as jungle women what to do in simple cases of eye trouble; how to feed and they are, and her belief in an inex- nurse dysentery cases; how to avoid infection in epidemics of smallpox orable fate; that 'there is nothing and cholera; cleaner methods in mid- wifery work and how to treat infanrooted more deeply in the soul of the tile diseases. Commenting upon this experiment, the Editor said: "Edu- Indian peasant than his sense of God; cationally, . , .the value of such work is immense. Until we have taught . . . and in the making of modern people to do things for themselves we have accomplished nothing. It is the India they reckon ill that leave Him greatest of all achievements to enter their lives at their level and build out' ; that two of the greatest ob- forom the bottom up. ,Videspread work like that at Chota Nagpur would stacles to Indian Christianity are 'the hasten perhaps more than anything else the spiritual and physical, the poverty of the Indian Church' and material and intellectual develop- ments we long to see, " 'the downward pull of the mass move- New Hospital in Siam ments as these pour year by year ig- THE opening of the McCormick norant multitudes into the Church'; Hospital in Chiengmai, Siam, was an occasion of great reJoicing, and and that the two greatest aspirations among the distinguished guests pres- ent was the brother of the King of of Indian Christian leaders are 'to Siam, who studied public health at Harvard. Dr, E. C, Cort gave the have a Christlike character and to history of medical work in Siam "from the time Dr, McGilvary first have the Indian spirit.' . introduced quinine and vaccination for smallpox into Chiengmai" At Baluchistan Christians that time whole villages in one dis- trict would be wiped out by smallpox I N Quetta, one of the most important in a single epidemic; today in the cities of Baluchistan, the English same region there have been barely have a strong military post; and fifteen cases in the last fifteen years. largely for military purposes have 'fhe hospital plant so far consists of built an excellent railroad and motor the surgical building and a ward road clear across the country to group. In the latter is a ward for Chaman, three miles from the Afghan European and American patients, the border. Both English and American gift of British teak timber firms in missionaries are at work in Quetta. North Siam, which is divided into E. E. McCannon, who recently visited four large private rooms. 'fhe kitchen the Methodist missionaries there, and dining room were the gift of the writes: Chiengmai Christian community. Another building, directly across the "Here we have a dispensary, which street, when finished, will be the home ministers not only to the villagers, of the missionary doctor. but also to many of the Afghans who come from far out in the interior. This is in charge of a fine Afghan Christian doctor. Here we also have a school and a wide-awake pastor and church, with a Christian community of nearly two hundred. Notice was sent out that we had arrived and that a Christian service would be held at noon. The chapel was well filled at this unusual hour. On its wall is a memorial tablet to the :first Christian of this community, who also became the first martyr."

New Type of Medical Work ASUGGESTfVE article, entitled "A New Venture in Chota Nagpur," appeared in the February num-

CHINA tianity," the writer says: "Now he is allowed to carry out his peaceful A New Constitution for China plans. He had all along been train- ing his soldiers in all the arts of AWIRELESS message from Peking peace, as weavers, farmers, carpen- to the New York 'l'imes, dated ters, etc. And now comes his ap- April 21st, gives a pessimistic picture pointment as defense commissioner of the political outlook in China, for. the northwest. He has planned which it is to be hoped futUJ"e events for fifty-one villages of 200 families will not justify. It said: "The re- each, the settlers to he given full organization conference to consider transportation, and a house of three means of restoring China to peaceful rooms each, with furniture to be reand constitutional conditions, which turned in two years. So his dishas been sitting for the last three banded soldiers will become useful months, was officially dissolved today citizens. He is making arrangements after much formal discussion which for getting the best breeds of cattle, had very little tangible result. The bees, etc., as well as most useful forconference, however, may have ful- eign farming implements and applifilled its purpose by ordaining the ances. He quietly lives down the summoning of citizens to a confer- slanders circulated about him. He is ence, which will report to a commis- the most splendid demonstration of sion appointed to draft a new consti- the value of practical Christianity to tution. Delegates to the conference China." will be eLected by provinces, but as the provinces are totally under the Union Conference in Chengtn thumbs of the militarists the ordinary citizen is not likely to be powerfully I N Chengtu, Szechwan Province was represented, and as the commission is held in January an "All-Church to be nominated by the Government General Conference in Western brought to office by military agency, China," which brought together repthe character of the constitution resentatives of all the missionary which it will prepare will not be un- agencies at work in that distant reduly democratic. gion. A similar gathering in 1908 led to the organization of a central , 'Meanwhile the provisional Senate educational system and the founding is to be convened forthwith to give in Chengtu of an interdenominational constitutional color to the situation, Christian university for the training which is so irregular that the Parlia- of pastors, teachers, physicians and ment which elected President Tsao lay leaders. The 1925 conference was Kun eighteen months ago has not composed of 500 delegated church even been dissolved. It simply melted leaders and 250 accredited guests, away when judicial proceedings were some of whom traveled two weeks announced against those legislators from their mission stations to attend who had been bribed to make the the conference and was overwhelmaforesaid election." ingly Chinese in membership. All the chief officers of the conference Mal'8hal Feng's New Work were Chinese; every committee had a Chinese chairman and secretary; TRIBUTES to Marshal Fang Yu English was not allowed upon the Hsiang, both as a Christian and a floor of the conference except in the patriot, from people who know him in case of a few visitors whose addresses Peking were quoted in the March RE- were translated from English into VIEW, and others have since appeared Chinese; all formal reports, stated in various papers. Those who are addresses, and devotional services praying for Marshal Feng will be in- were in Chinese. The slogan adopted terested in the latest news of him, for the conference, "West China for contained in a letter from Peking, Christ, and Every Christian a 1fisquoted in The Continent. After contrasting him with Sun Yat Sen, "who chose the sword and laid down Chris-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

sionary, " was the central theme bel' of Chinese were taken there to around which the conference was or- work in the sugm- plantations. The ganized. Denominational differences Samoan Christians, true to the real and lines were forgotten, and there missionary spirit they have always was unity in thought and purpose. shown, very soon began to think of how these strangers in their midst A Demon Cast Out could be taught the Gospel. The MISS E. E. MASSEY, a mission- Christian Endeavorers promised to ary of the Church Missionary find the necessary funds and sent an Society working at Foochow, in the application to the South China Mis- Fukien Province of China, writes of sion to find them a Chinese evangelist, an instance of answered prayer in the who should work among these exiles_ deliverance of a demon-possessed Mr_ Lei responded to the call and woman. Miss Massey was called to went in 1914. He worked there with go with a Bible woman to pray with a diligence and a good measure of sucpoor woman who was devil-possessed. cess till the greater part of the Chi- Her little boy and girl had died with- nese were repatriated. Then he went in a few days of each other. The to Melbourne and spent two years or woman went to the idols, and became so among his countrymen there.

possessed. For four months she had disturbed the neighborhood, and Anti-Opium Activities S when the missionary arrived the OME of the early work of the Na- tional Anti-Opium Association of .woman was found chained to a post, and had been beaten and burned China was described in the January about the mouth. A number of Christians went with Miss Massey and her REVIEW. Later a petition sent by the helper, and after much prayer the Association to the Geneva Conference demon was cast dut. Now the woman, and to the Peking Government wa.s her husband, and remaining little girl signed by over 2,000 organizations in attend church regularly and take the different 'provinces, representing every opportunity of "learning the over 2,000,000 people. "About thirty doctrine. "-C. M. S. responses to tae petition," says the Chinese Recorder, "ate still coming A Chinese "World Christian" in every day. It is quite safe to say that public opinion against this great REV. LEI SHUE KWAI is one of evil has been awakened in China for the outstanding Chinese leaders the first time. Members of some of in the Hong-Kong Mission of the the branch associations have actually London Missionary Society. The work begun to fight against the compulsory has grown until now there are seven planting of the poppy. A few weeks centers with churches. Mr. Lei is in ago a leader in the anti-opium move- charge of the whole as pastor, and ment in the province of Fukien was there are several evangelists and arrested by local officers for stirring school teachers. He has had an un- up the people against the order to usual experience. As a lad he was plant the poppy. But as the public educated in the mission school in opinion was so strong against the Canton, and afterwards had his the- action of the local officer, the victim ological training in the school of the was released right away and the Basel Mission. He worked in the officer was put out of his position by Pok Lo and Ts'ung Fa districts as an the civil governor of Fukien. This evangelist. After that he was for shows that public opinion is gradually several years in charge of the work gaining ground in regard to the anti- in Macao, an outstation of the Hong opium movement."

Kong church. Then he had a call to The Association has sent several go to Samoa. When those islands representatives to different provinces were under German rule a large num- to promote the movement and they

have met with great success. Miss up the town. In the preliminary ar- May Chang of the W. C. T. U. went rangements, there was no difficulty; to Ningpo and founded a branch as- everyone seemed, rather, to go out of sociation in that city. Through Miss their way to help. Chang's untiring efforts the different The mission began October 21st, bodies in that city participated in the and on the first night the tent was movement and a city-wide campaign crowded, while numbers went away because there were no more seats. is being planned. The first night, over forty men and JAPAN-KOREA women pressed to the front, and earnest souls cried aloud to God for Japanese Youth Movement pardon and salvation. This scene was repeated night after night, and the THREE tendencies characterize the evidences of the Spirit's power was life and thought of the young peo- ·".isible. Scores of New. Testaments ple of Japan today, according to were sold. Talmo Matsumoto. He says, in the J apanes'6 Student Bulletin: At the close of the ten days, 289 converts were registered besides a "First, reality in both personal and number of children, not the least immental life is passionately sought. portant part of the work, for whom Second, we may unhesitatingly say special afternoon meetings were held. that the new generation in Japan At the end of the fourth week of the today is proloundly religious. It is mission, there was no sign of waning true that its religious longings are interest. The responsibility of shepvague and formless in most cases, but herding these people is very great. I believe that they will gradually crystallize themselves into more vital There are opposing for~es at work. co"llvictions. The third noteworthy The Buddhists are becoming aggresfact about the young men and women sive in their opposition. These are of Japan today is the new interest good signs. they have come to take insocial problems. In the spring of 1924, The Stu- What took place in this town of dent Society for the Study of Social Shinmaizuru could be repeated in Science was first inaugurated in everyone of the thousands of such Waseda University, and t.hen in one towns and cities yet unevangelized, after another of various higher insti- and which call in no uncertain tones tutions in Tokyo and elsewhere. Al- to us to discharge our debt of the though these societies in different Gospel to them.

schools aim at a dispassionate scien- Progress in Reconstruction S tific study of social facts and prob- OME of the plans of the Prot~st~nt Episcopal Church for rebUlldmg lems, they show signs of eventually developing into a g.reat student move- its work in Japan which were anment for social righteousness." nounced in the REVIEW for June, A Revival in Japan 1924, are now well under way. All the damaged buildings of St. Paul's A BAND of worker.s set out very University, except the chapel, have early one mornlllg on an ex- been repaired and are now in use. tended evangelistic tour northward to Three important land purchases have the coast from the Japan Evangelistic been made: (1) A new site of about Band Branch Bible School at Kai- eleven acres for St. Margaret's bara. Each important town and city School, fifteen miles west of the old was 'i".isited and Gospel meetings held. site in Tsukiji. This will provide Shinmaizuru, an entirely unevan·· space not only for the new St. :M:ar- gelized town of some twenty thousand garet's buildings, but also for a pri- inhabitants, was one of t.he plaees mary school for both boys and girls, that ealled for occupation. A t.en thus filling the serious gap between days' tent mission was held to open kindergartens and high schools. (2)

NEWS FROM MANY

A new site has been purchased for St. weekly. It is undoubtedly true that Paul's Middle School, near the Uni- a larger percentage of the population versity. This will make possible a in Pyengyang gathers daily for fam- closer coordination in the work of the ily prayers than in any other large two institutions that ought to prove city in the world, except possibly in advantageous and economical for Scotland.' , both. (3) Just opposite the Aoyama Palace, one of the official residences Christian Doctors for Korea of the Imperial Family, and at the SEVERANCE UNION MEDICAL jnnction of two important thorough- COLLEGE in Seoul now holds a fares, a wonderful site has been pur- charter from the Government, and its chased for the new Trinity Church. graduates have the privilege of re- No more satisfactorv location could ceiving license to practice on presenhave been secured in the whole of tation of their diplomas. This applies Tokyo. A residence for Tagawa San, also to the nurses. This is one recogrector of the Japanese congregation, nition of the work which this famous is now being built. institution has been doing for the past thirty years. Its first aim was Pyengyang-Then and Now the education of Christian Korean THIRTY-FOUR years ago Drs. young men as doctors that they might Moffett, Hall and Lee, pioneer mis- be added to the forces of the medical sionarie-s, entered Pyengyang. Since missionaries and 124 doctors and then, says the Korea .llission Pield, forty-six: nurses have been ~raduated, "One of the most wicked Oriental a very worth-while contribution to cities has become one of the most the beneficent 3.nd Christianizing in- Christian cities in any mission field. fluences in the country. When one Then there was not a'single believer, considers, however, that there are now church, modern school or charitable 17,000,000 people in Korea one real- organization in the city. Today in a izes that the college must also fit itself population of about 97,000 people, of to make medical teach ers and trainers whom 76,000 are Koreans and 19,000 of nurses. This means that it must Japanese, there are more than 10,000 advance its standards, enlarge and Protestant believers; 20 "hlethodist improve its faculty and plant and and Presbyterian churches, set upon prepare to move up to university . every hill and at every point of van- grade. Extensive plans are now tage in the city; a complete system under way for the development not of education for men from the kinder- only of the college, but also of the garten to the college and seminary, hospital and dispensary connected and for women to the academy and with it. Dr. O. R. Avison, the Presi- Higher Bible School; and not only do the poor have the glad tidings dent, is now in this country, seeking preached unto them, but the orphans, the large sums' of money which will the aged, the draf and blind, as well be needed to supplement what the as the moral outcasts of society, are Koreans have already given to carry out these plans.

cared for. A very conRervative esti- ISLANDS OF THE SEA mate places the average total Sunday congregation in the city at 9,000. It Australian Aborigines O is no unnsual thing for 5,000 of these NE of the aboriginal groups in Central Australia is the Aranda to meet in the mid-week prayer meetings. Each church conducts its Sun- tribe, which occupies an area not less day schools in relays, instructing the than 700 miles in length from north children, the women and the men in to south and stretches out east and succession, for even the largest church west of the transcontinental telegraph buildings are too small to accommo- line, covering an unknown extent of date the crowds which throng them country in either direction. Lutheran

missionaries began work among them across the island may strip the young in 1875, naming their first station trees of their foliage. To guard Hermannsburg. Rev. C. Strehlow, against this, the koa tree has been who has re~ently died, labored for planted with them. The larger trees twenty-eight years am 0 n g the protect the smaller growth, and later Aranda, a~ting as pastor, teacher, can be removed.

doctor, as well as manager of the sta- tion. In addition to preaching, teach- NORTH AMERICA ing, catechizing, he worked methodi- A Home Missions ArguDlent cally on linguistic and" ethnological subjects and became a real authority MRS. w. O. CARVER, of the on native questions. Since his death Southern Baptist Church, has the Lhanda leaders, thrown on their been stirred by a visit to Europe to own resources, have not only main- realize anew the significance of the tained services at Hermannsburg but work for foreigners c:u-ried on by have received a real impulse to carry home mission boards. She writes; the Gospel to other and less civilized tribes. The activity of the Aranda "It frightens me to know that alevangelists is extending the influence ready 40,000 Italians have gone to of the mission, for only recently a America this year-everyone of group of natives walked a hundred them, in all probability, a Catholic miles to Hermannsburg to hear about and against p.rohibition. America is Jesus. the mission field of the world today! I feel like shouting it aloud from every city in our U. S. A. Let every- Ohaulmoogra Trees in Hawaii body-every Christian-go to work to teach these foreigners in his own THE marked impro'Vement, amount- city Christ '8 religion and how to be ing often to apparent cure, which good citizens. Teach them to love has resulted f,rom the chaulmoogra God and not war…. There is absooil treatment, is an achievement of lutely no hope until the love of God modern science which has proved a gets into their hearts, and how can it great boon in several mission fields. when their hearts are so full of hate?

The oil is distilled from the seeds of And these people with their ideals the fruit of the chaulmoogra tree, the and race hatreds are coming to our cultivation of which is now being country by the thousands every year. pushed on one of the Hawaiian is- Surely it is time we waked up 1"

lands. Formerly the oil used in the treatment of lepers in Hawaii had to The Ohurches of Boston D be imported from India. The seed ENOMINATIONAL statisties is- sued by the Federation of for the chaulmoogra trees now growing in the spe~ial plantation on the Churches in Greater Boston, show island of Oahu was shipped from Congregational churches, 136; Bap- Siam and Burma. It made the trip tist, 117; Methodist, 1l6; Protestant packed in charcoal. The trees were Episcopal, 101; Unitarian, 65; Cni- started in germinating-flats, then versaliRt, 33; Presbyterian, 24. The carefully transplanted into inilividual Record of Christian Work thus com- pots and held for a year Some of ments: "The significant thing about these trees by the end of a year attain these figures is the revelation of the a height of four feet. A year later fact that liberalism has failed to make they are from ten to twelve feet high. good under the most advantageous When they are about eight years old, conditions, and that the evangelical they begin to bear. The red volcanic churches have multiplied and pros- soil on Oahu seems to be very suitable pm·ed in the very stronghold of Uni- for cultivating this tree. However, tarianism. A century ago, in the the trade-winds that at certain sea- great split in the Congregational fold, sons sweep with ~onsiderable violen~e only two churches remained steadfast

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

in the faith, all the ~est going over to tions and for community welfare to the Unitarian wing. A hundred years learn from each others' experiences. later the number of Trinitarian Con- There were 216 delegates, from sevengregational churches is more than teen states, and of these 114 were double that which sails under the colored. The following topics were Unitarian flag." considered in open forum bessions of about three hours each, with full and Presbyterian Stndents Confer free discussion by delegates on the floor, this type of discussion taking FUTURE leaders in the Presbyte- most of the time: "Publicitv and rian Church-140 of them from Race Relations," "Health and Race forty-one universities, colleges, nor- Relations," "Housing and Race Remal and training schools throughout lations, " "Growth of the Interracial the country-spent three days o·f Movement, ' , ,,Social Agencies and their Easter vacation at Ann Arbor, Race Relations," "The Courts and Michigan, discussing questions they Race Relations," and "Schools and consider of vital importance to the Colleges and Race Relations," "The church, nation, the campus and the Church and Race Relations," and individual. Chief among these were "Industry and Race Relations." war, creed, and race. On the second subject they adopted the following "P1'inceton-in New York" findings: PRINCETON UNIVERSITY'S We believe that a creed is only the ex- . century-old religious organization, pression of certain men '. interpretation of The Philadelphian Society, is begin- Christianity as they understand it. Rec- ning a movement, with the above ognizing that thought progresses and that title, which will be analogous to its interpretations change with the advance· , , Princeton-in-Peking' , mi tlSionary ment of knowledge, we believe that forced work in China. Ray F. Purdy, Gradsubscription to a fixed and formal creed uate Secretary of the Society, says may impair the integrity of the individual that the plan has grown out of a sumconscience. Therefore, we are opposed to mer camp for boys, established sevthe requirement that ministers and elders ()f eral years ago. He says: the Presbyterian Church subscribe t() the Westmin ster Confession ()f Faith. However, We found that we must go into the we realize the necessity of a unified expres· family and economic conditions of the boys sian of essential doctrines, and we favor a whom we were endeavoring to benefit. 'l'his creed which is a statement of purpose rather has led us to the conviction that more fun· than a creed which is an elaboration ()f damental work must be done. 'l'hat will theological ideas. result next year in the establishment of a permanent social service secretary jn Prince· The conference organized "The ton and the development of a group of National Association of Presbvterian Princeton men in New York who will live Students," and asked the B~ard of together and begin a community service Christian Education to appoint an from one centre. A part of this will be the executive secretary. erection of a model tenement at a e,ost of $350,000. Here the families of the boys we Race Relations Conference have met at the summer camp and else- where will be gradually worked in as ten- THE first National Interracial Con- ants. We will thus endeavor to see through _ ference to be held in America was the problems we encounter in the earlier held in Cincinnati, Ohio, March 25th- stages of our work. Instead of merely ap- 27th. The meeting was arranged by plying a temporary palliati,e, we shall enthe Commission on Race Relations of deavor to work out practically thl' economic the Federal Council of Churches, and spiritual problems of those with whom jointly with the Commission on Inter- we come in contact. racial Cooperation, with headquarters in Atlanta, to enable white and col- Southern Baptist Progress ored people in uifferent communities, who are wrestling with problems of SIX years' effort to get $75,000,000 organization, methods and programs in subscriptions for missions and for improvement of interracial rela- education through a period of five

years resulted in $59,000,000 in cash, sent to them. The only part of the and the likelihood of more. The gain program which is being pre-deter- in new Baptist churches was thre'e mined is the general division of sub- times that of the preceding five years. jects by weeks, as follows: First Baptists averaged a membership gain week, economic questions; second oi 40,000 a year for the five years week, political; third week, racial; beyond the previous five-year period. fourth week, international. Many Now a 1925 movement has been representative leaders of religious started doing away with the five-year thought have agreed to be present. pledges, but seeking to maintain the rate of growth alongt all lines that was Negro BURiness Progres.. attained in the special campaign. DR. R. R. MOTON, Principal of During the last ten years the for- Tuskegee Institute, is also Presi- eign missionary fields of the denomi- dent of the Nati()nal Negro Business nation have inc.reased from seven to League. In his address at its annual seventeen, the number of churches on meeting he said: "When the Na- these fields from 380 to 1,095, mem- tional Negro Business League was or- bership of foreign churches from ganized in Boston twenty-f()ur years 29,991 to 111,872, Sunday-schools ago the aggregate number of business from 542 to 1,511, Sunday-school organizations, corp()rate and individ- pupils from 22,022 to 76,504, annual ual, owned and operated by colored contributions by foreign churches people was not more than 20,000 with from $91,159.69 to $444,568, .Ameri- a combined capital of $10,000,000. can missionaries on the field from 278 Today they own and operate 60,000 to M4, native Christian workers em- with a combined capital of $60,000,- ployed from 634 to 2,494. 000. The Negro owns in .America more than $1,000,000,000 worth of Diseussional Conference Planned property real and personal, whereas when the Declaration of Independ- A SUMMER conference on eCO- ence was adopted, the combined cap- nomic, political, racial and inter- ital of the entire nation was about national problems, under the auspices $500,000,000. We have now 72 suc- of "The Fellowship for a Christian cessful Negro banks. We should and Social Order," will be held .August could have 700. There are many ] st to 3,lst on the campus of Olivet cities with large Negro population College, Olivet, Michigan. .Around where leaders ,in business among the actual problems of the group the Negroes could accomplish any rea- discussion will be concentrated. No sonable business enterprise if it were program of set speeches is being ar- properly managed. Durham, Savan- ranged in advance. The various per- nah, .Atlanta, Richmond, Norfolk, sons designated as leaders will come New York, with many others, are set- prepared to share their experiences ting notable examples in the possibili- with other members of the group, and ties of this race to accomplish large at opportune moments will speak di- results.' , rectly to the point on issues under • consideration. In other words, the Indian Chlld a Teacher leaders will be available as consult- ants and will stand ready to furnish ON THE edge of an Indian reserva- data that is required by members of tion in Washington is a little the group, as they seek to reach their girl, eleven years old, whose name own conclusions concerning various even has not been recorded on the problems. Prior to the conference books of the Board of Christian Edu- delegates will be asked to cooperate cation, but whose work last summer in the formation of a tentative sylla- has given her a place above thousands bus of outstanding difficulties by fill- of other girls. The little girl was in ing out a questionnaire which will be the Daily Vacation Bible Sch()ol con-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ducted at Wellpinit, Washington. Boy babies have a greater value and She had lots of fun, but saw that are seldom, if ever, killed."

there were a great many other boys and girls near her home who would LATIN AMERICA enjoy such a school but who could not Mexican Separatist Movement come. After the school was over, she AN organization of Mexican Cathgathered a group of nine Indian chil- .tl. olics has been formed which indren and carried on for ten days a volves the repudiation of the authorminiature Daily Vacation Bible ity of the Pope, the abandonment of School all by herself. She had a little celibacy for the priesthood and consister who helped her but no grown siderable alterations in the prescribed folks had a hand in this second school. ritual of worship. These features of She carried out a program of Bible the movement are identical with those memory work. The children sang that have characterized a similar one songs, and she told them Bible stories. in Czecho-Slovakia. She also had them stand up and go through exercises just as they did in According to the Philadelphia Pttbthe school she had attended. For lie Ledger, Ash Wednesday was celecraft work she had the young Indians bated in Mexico City in La Soledad make articles out of flour sacks and Church by the new Mexican Apotltolic colored yarns. The sessions were car- Church. The Patriarch, Joaquin ried on in a businesslike way with a Perez, said: seriousness that did credit to the chil- Our desire is to maintain a Catholic dren. The sessions were held out of doors, and the closing demonstration Church preserving all the ritual an d beliefs was given in the community building. intact, but entirely indepeudent of Rome. Mas~es, baptisms, marriages, funerals, cere- monies and rites will be pronounced in the To Sa~e Eskimo Baby Girls Spanish language, that all hearers may un· derstand exactly what is said.

K NUD RASMUSSEN, the famous It is reported that the new church Arctic explorer, who is now on is allied with the Mexican Federation his way, at the invitation of the of Labor, receiving financial and Canadian Government, to report on moral aid from that organization. the Eskimos of the Hudson Bay and The Presbyteria,n Survey comments: more northern sections, was inter- "We strongly suspect that the influviewed in New York City on his ar- ences behind the movement are much rival from Europe. He said that one more political than religious in their of the Eskimo practices which the cha1"acter. ' , Canadian Government hopes to stop is the killing of all girl infants, save those pledged in marriage. The cus- An Appreciati~e Audience R tom of Eskimo infanticide, according EV. J. E. THACKER, Presiding Elder of the Parral District in to Dr. Rasmussen, developed from the Eskimo's difficulty in providing food the Mexican Mission of the M. E.

and other necessities foo: the family. Church South, writes: "Our influ- "The Eskimo has not in any sense the ence is extending in ever-widening same moral viewpoint as civilized peo- circles, and we are reaching more and pIe," he explained, "and the life of a more people every day. To count our child has about the same value as the actual membership does not give a life of any other creature. If there is just idea of our work and its progress.

not provender enough they kill the Our Mexican pastors have lately gone girl babies immediately after birth by to new centers and have had a good smothering them. If a girl baby, degree of success. I 1"ecently accom- prior to birth, is pledged in marriage, panied Rev. Epigmenio Garza to the mother will preserve it. If not, Boquilla, and there we had the privi- the line of le<lSt resistance is followed lege of preaching the Gospel for the and the infant is put out of the way. first time in that place and to an

audience of six fine, bright young Mission Student. Win Honors men who listened with profound in- THE annual ,report from Saneti terest for a whole evening. Tills is Spiritus, Cuba, to the Board of one of the very brightest things in a National Missions of the Presbyterian missionary's life-to tell others of Churrh in the U. S. A. has the follow- ing to say about the mission high Christ for the first time and to such school in that city: "The school has appreciative listeners. We expect to won a great achievement in scholastic continue going there, and hope in annals. In the past course, when the time to win some of these young men government examiners came to hold for Christ. We sold several Bibles to their yearly examinations, there was the Spanish-speaking people and a not a single failure and many of the Bible in Chinese to the only Chinese pupils were awarded the highest in town."

Schools Needed in Porto Rico grade that is gh;en. After finishing ALTHOUGH the United States the examinations the examiners pro- Govel"lllnent at great expense and nounced the pupils the best prepared with the most aggressive diligence has of the entire province. Such combeen laboring for twenty-five years to ments spread quickly throughout the create an American public school sys- city and never before has the work tem at Porto Rico, it is still so far in Sancti Spiritus enjoyed the presbehind the necessities of the situation tige that it has today. Judging from that the provincial commissioner of what has happened in the past year education recently expressed the de- at tills station, there is not a better sire that missionary schools might be field in all Cuba or the West Indies established in each toivn of the island. than Sancti Spiritus; and if efficient " The cOlll1Ilissioner made this re- consecrated efforts are put forth a mark," says The Continent, "after strong congregation will result and an inspection of certain Presbyterian one that will send out well-prepared schools, and it is supposed that they workers for Cuba. "

set the standard which he has in mind for the whole island-although, as a Organbed R. C. Opposition W matter of fact, under the present ORKERS in "The Latin Ameragreement among the evangelical de- ican EvangelizatiO'n Campaign"

nominations, whatever work Presby- describe, as the chief feature of their terians undertake will be done only recent visit to Santo Domingo, "the in the western end of the island or in prepared and determined resistance San Juan, the capital. However, of the Roman Catholic clergy. They within this allotted Presbyterian ter- had been advised from the United ritory there is plenty of room fo·r ex- States of the plan to carry out an pansion, and a great deal to bc done evangelistic campaign through the before the commissioner's idea could republic and their counter-attack was even be approximately met. What along the lines of a virulent anti- has been already accomplished educa- American propaganda. One of the tionally through joint missionary and Catholic papers in the States had re- government enterprise is shown by ported Mr. Strachan as having ad- the fact that since 1898 illiteracy in mitted in a public address the truth Porto Rico has been reduced from 80 of the charge so often made against to 54 per cent. But this very exhibit missionaries in Latin America, that demonstrates that half the population they are the paid agents of the of Porto Rico is still unable to' read United States Government, for the and write, and explains fully why the purpose of winning over the people, commissioner desires all the assistance with a view to preparing for occupa- the churches could give in extending tion later on. Although the United and completing the edu<latiO'nal work States troops were withdrawn from which has been thus so well begun." Santo Domingo last June, yet anti-

NEWS FR.OM MANY LANDS

American feeling still runs very high congress of the league and so it is and the Romanists took advantage of advertised in the daily papers. The the situation to propagate these lies. " league's program of activities, worked out through the local chapters in con- Winning Porto Ricans to Christ nection with their churches, affords OVER 1,000 won for Christ in excellent opportunity for the girls al- Porto Rico is the result of a three ready in training to do practice work, months' evangelistic campaign con- during the school year and at vacaducted by Rev. and Mrs. Fred J. tion time.

Peters of The American Baptist Home Mission Society. In San A Brazilian Indian Tribe R Lorenzo 174 were converted. Services EV. ARTHUR F. TYLEE, of the Inland South America Missioneverywhere have been attended by people of all social ranks and the con- ary Union, writes f,rom Corumba, verts include teachers and lawyers. Brazil: Families have become reunited. .A "These splendid, clean, strong temperance movement has accom- Nhambiquaras, wild in their manner panied the revival with the result of life, but sympathetic of heart, are that stills have been closed and their totally isolated from all opportunity owners brought to realize their de- to know of the Gospel. We have pendence upon God. In other loeali- their friendship and confidence. Our ties not visited' by the American evan- hymns at a service held in the pres- gelists revivals have sprung up to ence of one family pleased them so strengthen the churches. In many much that, on the return journey, we places the services have been carried were requested by them to sing again on in the face of persistent and or- for others to hear. The door is open.

ganized opposition. We have dedicated ourselves to the evangelization of this tribe number- Argentine Evangelical Women ing some 10,000 or more. The task is F OR three years past a Bible Train- difficult, and the way covered with ing School for Spanh,h-speaking obstacles, material, physical and young women has been conducted in spiritual, but the Nhambiquaras are Buenos Aires by the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the M. E. to have the Gospel! "Ve are sure of God's call to them. "

Church, the Disciples of Christ, and the National League of Evangelical EUROPE Women. This league is young and its English Methodists Unite N limited resotLrces do not permit itsOT only have the first steps been • taken in the United States tocooperation as far as funds are concerned, but in its own way it con- ward the reunion of the Northern and tributes to the work. It is made up of Southern Methodist Churches, but in women from different Protestant de- England the three Methodist bodies nominations and reaches, through its -Wesleyan, P,rimitive and United- local chapters, many places where have come together. "These three,"

Methodists and Disciples a,re un- says Arthur Porritt, "differ seriously known, but where J e~ms Ohrist is on nothing save church government.

known. The bulletin of the league On doctrinal questions they are sub- goes into many Argentine homes stantially agreed. Tradition and sen- which no other Protestant literature timent, however, are factors, and in enters, and gains new friends for the the discussions spread over the last school. Its prayer calendar gives a five years they have been stressed by place to the school, and intercession the opponents of the reunion pro- goes up £rom many women far from posal. Now the votes of the Meth- Buenos Aires. The work of the school odist people have been taken and a is annually reported at the national very substantial majority have ex-

pressed themselves in favor of the war economic situation has caused union. " The combined body will con- many worthy but poor young men to tain far the largest Noncomformist turn to the theological schools to pre- Church in Gil'eat Britain, second, in pare for the Christian ministry. fact, only to the Church of England. Large numbers of these students It will have 4,368 ministers, 37,697 could not afford even to purchase the lay preachers; 898,936 members and Hebrew and Greek Scriptures which probationers, in addition to adher- are used as textbooks. Last year the ents; 1,541,517 Sunday-school schol- American Bible Society made possible ars, with 173,261 officers and teachers. the distribution of Nestle's Greek It will possess 13,558 Sunday-schools Testaments among theological stuand 12,242 churches. 'rhe property dents in Germany, Poland, Czech()- it will own is probably $150,000,000. Slovakia and Austria. It also sent to It will also have valuable properties the Bible Society of France 5,000 and a large membership in the for- French New Testaments, the sale of eign field. which will increase the receipts of this society. Protestants in Great Britain Minority Religions in Roumania UNDER the auspices of the Evan- gclical Alliance, a large meeting A REPRESENTATIVE American was held liIarch 31st in London "to commission, which visited Roureaffirm the principles of Protestant- mania last year, states in its recently ism. " Representatives of the Free published report that Roumania con- Chur.ches and of the Anglican Church tinues to violate provisions of the took part, and passed resolutions de- Trianon treaty guaranteeing the claring "unwavering devotion to the rights of minority churches in Trangreat Protestant principles of the sylvania. At the request of the Rou- Reformation," and appealing to the manian Government, the commission Bishops and to Parliament, in view submitted statements which dealt of the fact that "a large section of with personal abuses, confiscation of the clergy of the Church of England, church and school property, the alin defiance of the law and in violation leged unjust way in which the great of their oath, have long been engaged estates are being divided under the in endeavoring to destroy its Protes- agrarian reform, the rights of astant character, to maintain the Prot- sembly and other types of coercion. estant character of the National The reply of the Roumanian Govern- Church as settled at the Reformation ment is described by the commission and enshrined in the Book of Com- as "evasive and inconclusive." Soon mon Prayer and the 'l'hirty-nine Ail'- after the publication of the commisticles. " This resolution was for- sion's report came the action of the warded to the Archbishop and Roumanian Ministry of Arts and Bishops of the Church of England, Worship suppressing or curtailing and the members of both Houses of the activities of certain "minority Parliament. religions" in that country. The churches absolutely suppressed are American Bibles for Europe mainly adventist bodies, but even in the case of Baptists it is ordered that THE American Bible Society has they may "continue to enjoy the lib- responded to another urgent need erties accorded by the constitution, in Europe by making grants of money but certain measures of surveillance with which to supply Bibles to theo- will be taken. " In the meantime, the logical students. The 'World War so Metropolitan of the State Church has impoverished most of the theological been raised to the rank of patriarch, schools in Central Europe as to make and every prospect points toward an it impossible for them to furnish text- aggressive effort to clear the country books for poor students. The post-

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of all rivals of the Greek Orthodox supplying the latest information and system. The special hardships of t~e Ill:ost approved drugs to leper in- Baptists in Roumania were described stItutIOns, settlements and hospital. in the January REVIEW. (2) To support sound schemes of segregation, with the best treatment The Y. M. C. A. ill Estonia in countries where the great majority of the lepers can thus be dealt with THE Estonians, who were once in and the disease rapidly reduced, as in virtual serfdom under Russia and the West Indies, etc. T,rinidad has already set apart an island for this the. Baltic barons, recently celebrated purpose. (3) To collect information theIr seventh anniversary as a free and statistics and to issue bulletins of and independent nation. Out of Es- information to workers among lepers. tonia's war misfortunes have come (4) To support further researches on the promise of brighter and more both the etiology and treatment of prosperous days. She has made rapid leprosy w:ith a view to discovering progress economically and in political more effiCIent methoos of prevention and social adjustments. Education is and further to si~plify, shorten, and compulsory; the universities are cheapen the curatIve measures. The fact that the Oalcutta researches have crowded; technical and agricultural now proved that soluble products of at least five different oils, other than sc~ools 8fe well attended; suffirage is that of chaulmoogra and hydnocarpus seeds, are; e~ective in leprosy, opens ~lllversal; ~he Reval harbor is being up an unlull1ted field of investiooation Improved; mternal industries as wen which may yet yield more efficient as ·foreign trade are being developed. and rapidly acting remedies even The Y. M.. O. A. work, which was than chaulmoogra derivatives. ?egun in 1920, is constantly expandmg. In the chief cities-Reval Dor- American Opium Plan pat and Tartu-are energetic' Associations giving the varied services 1. Restriction by producing counwhich compose an all-round program. tries of production of raw opium and In the university cities of Tartu and coca within the limits set by medical Dorpat extensive activities are being and scientific needs of the world. carried on among students. The attitude of people and Government to- 2. A. strong international central ward the Y. M. O. A. is friendly and board of supervision and control unhelpful. Not l(}ng ago in Reval a der the I.Jeague of Nations. campaign for Y. M. O. A. support exceeded its goal by nearly fifty per 3. Restriction of manufactured decent. Municipal authorities in the rivatives within the requirements of same city gave the "Y" a tract of medicine and science. land for an athletic field. The Government has offered ground for a 4. Perfecting a system now in opercamp site. ation of export and import certifi- cates. MISCELLANEOUS 5. An agreement between countries Leprosy in British Empire where opium smoking is temporarily permitted by which on a given date THE B.rit!sh Empire LeFosy Relief there will be one tenth reduction per ASSOCIatIOn, which was founded in annum for ten years, after which smoking opium will not be permitted. J.ugust, 1924, at a meeting in London 6. A system of licensing and rationpresided over by hLasoridssuOedhealmmsefmoord~ ing during the ten year period; prop- Viceroy of Ind ia, aganda to prevent new addicts; and proper treatment of addicts. randum regarding its medical policy.

This has four divisions: (1) To ex- tend the application of the improved methods of treatment as rapidly as possible throughout the Empire by

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Modern Turkey. A Politico·Economic In- a.re millions of people in the world, terpretation, 19008·1923 inclnsive, with of whom the Americans and English- Selected Chapters by Representative Au· . hh thorities. Eliot Grinnell Mears, M.B.A., men are leadmg types, w 0 ave F. R. Eeou. S. Illns., Maps, xvi, 779 pp. achieved a well-deserved reputation $6.00. New York. 1924. for fair play. This bo(}k is intended Had the author, with his scholastic for these' and other persons who are standing at h(}me and wide experience interested in the truth and are willing in the Near East, written this volume to reach conclusions only after both unaided, it couId not have failed to sides of each question have been p;rebe authoritative. As it is, he has sented….. The plan followed in called to his assistance eighteen 'Modern Turkey' has been to select specialists, American, European, and subjects of far-reaching importance Levantine, a group of writers .rarely and then assign the writing of them to equaled in 'the marshaling of experts representative authorities. Without in any publication except in such exception, the writers have been in works as "The Encyclopredia of Reli- Turkey and most o,f them have lived gion and Ethics." Mr. Mears' nine there. A unique feature is the number chapters are of the highest order, and of Turks who have contributed willhis 200 pages of Appendix matter- ingly to a book of this character."

bibliographies, chronology and the 99 The twenty-five "subjects of farpage index-add greatly to its value. reaching importance" are truly such, and their ramifications may be found A difference between this volume in the exhaustive Index. If our and other works upon Turkey is sug- readers desire to find a brief, authorgested by the author: "The purpose itative and down-to-date account of of this volume is (1) to set forth the the religions of the I,evant, Prof. contemporary problems in as simple Harvey Porter provides it; if our a fashion as possible, and (2) to give ladies ,,,ould gain a fair idea of presthat kind of a perspective on the con- ent-day womanhood in Turkey, Exfiicting factors underlying the politi- President Mary Mills Patrick, LL. D., co-economic life of Turkey which may of the Constantinople Woman's Colserve to il.'eveal both their relative lege, aids them in a most interesting values and their interrelation. Num- and authoritative manner; if our men erous writers dealing with the Levant wish to know about "The Turkish have been propagandists and stylists, Press," or "The Young Turk Movewho have devoted their efforts in the ment," two eminent Beys are our inpresentation of such well-known sub- formants; should our business men jects as Byzantine history, race, origin wish to know what future trade prosand development, religions of Asia, pects in. Turkey are chapters X-XVI; war operations, atrocities, harems, supply indirect and direct data on dogs, mosques and monasteries. They that point; should friends of Armenia have been informative intermediaries wish to investigate as to the truth in in helping to explain the East to the the case of Armenian questions, chap- Vest. . .. Few foreigners in Turkey ter XXIII is the source to be conor elsewhere can maintain a real dis.. suIted; and if Missions are to be interestedness. While no one wishes sampled, turn to the Index, "Missions to be considered 'faultily faultless, and Missionaries," and read the secicily regular, splendidly null,' there 431 tioIlS there indicated, remembering in and of their relation to theories of addition that one in seven of the au- personality. Portions of the material thorities contributing to the volume of this book have appeared in The is a missionary on the ground. In a Philosophical Review, The Monist and word such a work evokes one's high- The Rice Institute Pamphlet. (Dr.

est enthusiasm for its excellence as Tsanoff is Professor of Philosophy in one separates the wheat from the chaff the Rice Institute.) The author dis- among the books in this field of liter- cusses Materialism, the Doctrine of ature. H. p. B. Eternal RecuITence, Positivist Im- mortality, the Buddhist Doctrine of The Secret of the East. Observations and Karma, Immortality and Modern The- Interpretations. Oliver Huekel. rllustrated. 368 pp. $3.50. New York. 1924. ology, Ethical Arguments for Immor- tality, and iinds in the history of An intelligent and rather discursive tourist here reports observations philosophy a rational basis for a view made while on a leisurely trip around of human destiny which if it does not the world. Most of the chapters were point certainly to personal immortalprepared as lectures to popular audi- ity, at least would seem to justify the hope of immortality on the ground of ences. 'l'here are accolmts of Hawaii, Japan, Korea, China, the Philippines, antecedent probability. CandidlY, Java, Burma, India, the Holy Land, he regards personal immortality still and Greece. The author gives his as an unsolved problem. To those who main attention, however, tD Japan, do not accept the Christian Gospel, China and India. He has read widely, perhaps this is the best approach to particularly in the field of religion, the question, "If a man die, shall he and is chiefly interested in these live again f" One of the most valuphases of the cultures of the East. able chapters of this book is a study He is frankly Christian in his outlook of recent British idealism, though the and has warm sympathy for the work main argument is in the closing chapof missions. He would probably per- ter on Value, Personality and Destiny. mit the adjective "liberal" to be ap- Only the philosophical thinker is plied to his theological views. likely to be helped by such a line of reasoning. Its conclusion-if conclu- There is nothing particularly re- sion it can be said to reach-is essenmarkable or original about the book. tially summed up in such a pro- There are pleasant descriptions of nouncement as this: "Man's vision of what are seen by almost all intelligent God is the concrete expression of his travelers who follow the beaten tour- effort to utter the supreme in value. ist paths in Asia. There are, also, . . Whenever divine discontent stirs extensive summaries of the author's a man to reach out for the better and reading on some phases of the reli- truer and more beautiful, the Divine gions of China, Japan, and India. is affirmed and is recognized ….• These summaries are on the whole Its worship is the radiance of a forfairly accurate, although the author ward-piercing glancing, the radiant is inclined to give more credence to sense of the infinite, eternal, eveil'- the theory that Mahayana Buddhism present Beyond." was influenced by Christianity than c. c. A.

the facts walTant. The most interest- Whither Bound in Missions. D. .I: Fleming chapter is, perhaps, the report of ing. 8 va. 222 pp. Paper $1.00. New York. •an hour's visit with Gandhi. K. s. L. The author is already well known The Problem of Immortality. Studies in from his previous books. He here sets Personality and Value. .R. A. Tsanoff. out to show that missionary methods 8vo. 381 pp. Notes and Index. $3.00. need to be changed. This is no doubt New York. 1924. true, but it. does not apply t() mis- A philosophical study of the most sionary ideals. Apostolic power and significant theories of human destiny methods bring apostolic results today, Dr. Fleming's thoughtful arguments attractive and successful chapters of and suggestions are helpful and sound. The evils or weaknesses that modern missionary history. From he would correct are not inherent in the enterprise yesterday or today but the building of the Martyr Memorial are due to human f,railty or to a depa.rture from Christ's spirit and teach- Churches in 1863 to the Centenary of ings. For example, few Christians will defend the exhibition of a sense the London Mission the main events of superiority by missionaries in dealing with natives of non-Christian and development of the Malagasy lands. There is need for recognizing the good in all peoples and the real Church pass before us. J. R. contribution they may make to the Christian Church. There is also need Conferences of Christian Workers Among for recognizing the weaknesses and Moslems. 1924. 8vo. 152 pp. New non-Christian elements in Western York. civilization. It seems to many that the age of "authority" has passed Conferences of Christian workers and that logic and the results of a among Moslems in the Near East were philosophy of life are the evidences held last year at Jerusalem' (Palesdemanded'. Other changes advocated tine), Constantine (Algeria), Helwan refer to the divided Church, the mis- (Egypt) ,Brumana (Syria) and Baghsionary control of the national dad (Iraq). Most of these conferchurches, and emphasis on intensive ences were presided over by Dr. John work as contrasted with extensive ef- R. Mott and were attended by misfort. The book is thoughtful and sionaries, secretaries and others most worth reading. It grows out of ex- interestf)d in the work. They took up perience and study. such topics as occupation of the field, evangelization, the church, education, Fifty Years in Madagascar. Personal Ex- literature, leadership, medical work, periences of Mission Life and Work. social work, cooperation and the James Sibree. 353 pp. $4.00. Boston. spiritual dynamic. The basis of the 1924. discussions was a series of questions sent out in advance to the mission- The author went to Madagascar in aries. The findings gather the con- 1863 and worked there for forty-two sensus of opinion of those present at years. Since returning to England the conferences and should be studied he has visited the island several times by every missionary worker. The on deputations. He is therefore par- population of the Moslem world is ticularly well qualified to write on estimated at 234,814,989, four fifths Malagasy missions. A number of his of whom are increasingly accessible to books have found a wide circulation the Christian missionary approach. in the English-speaking world. The This is cspecially true of British Inpresent volume combines in a very dia, the Dutch East Indies, Persia, interesting way personal experiences Mesopotamia, Cbina, the Balkans, and with a good deal of the missionary Africa (except possibly Northern Nihistory of the island, and to some ex- geria) . The practically unoccupied tent the striking political events of areas include Afghanistan, Central the past fifty years. It is easily un- and Western Arabia, Turkestan and derstood, though regretted by most parts of Siberia, Bokhara, Socotra, readers, that he is very careful in his Albania, Bulgaria, Russia, Tripoli, report on the dealings of the French French Sudan, Morocco, the Sahara, colonial government since their con- and Eastern Malay Peninsula-a quest of the island. total population of about 36,000,000 The book is a fine and comprehen- people. sive introduction to one of the most The most effective means of eV3jl- gelization are by literature, medical missions and Christian educational work. The situation calls insistently upon the Church in the homelands to undertake this difficult task with greater energy, devotion and faith.

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1925

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"Department "JI{o. 20 Fifth Avenue, 34th and 33rd Sts., New York PERSONALS America to attend certain conventions anrI visit Waldensian Aid SOciety auxiliaries. STANLEY RIGII, author o·f "The Revolt of Since he finished his studie·. in Edinbmgh! Youth" and "China's Place in the Sun," after the war, Signor Comba has engaged has been elected associate secretary of the in pastoral anrI evangelistic work in several Board of Foreign MissionSI of the Methodist places in Italy_ Episcopal Church, to handle educational responsibilities. * ..

** * MRS. ROBERT E. SPERa has heen re-electerI president ofT'he National Board of Young REV. ARTHUR C. RYAN, recently elected Women's Christian Associations. The other General Seereta,ry of the American Bible officers for the year are: Mrs. John French, Society to succeed Frank H. Mann, has Chairman of the Executive Committee; Mlss spent thirteen years in the Near East, rep- Clara S. Beed, :f'irst Viez-President; Mrs. resenting first the American Board and John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Second Vice-Presilater the American Bible Society. dent; Miss Katharine Lambert, Secretary; Mrs. Samuel Murtland, Treasurer, to succeed *** Mrs. Samuel J. Broadwell, who has served DR. and MRS. NORTHOOTE DEOK, of the for over thirty years; Mrs. George W. Davi- South Sea E:vangelical Mission in the Solo· son, Assistant Treasurer. man Islands, plaJlned to leave Auckland on February 17th, for a visit to England and *** America. DR. CIIJ.RLES L. WHTTE, Executive Secre- REV. TOYOIlIKO KAGAWA, the well-known tary of the American Baptist Home Mission Christian sodal leader in Kobe and Tokyo is making an extensive tour of the United . . . Society, has been elected President of the States and Europe and plans to visit Gandhi in India before he returns to Japan. Home Missions Council to succeed the late Dr. Charles L. Thompson. *** OBITUARY TIEN LA! HUANG, Chinese Secretary o·f the Methodist Board of Foreign Missi.ons in MR. TARO .tl)IOO, the well-known Christian New Y'<!f:k City, now stndying at Cohtfnhia for his Ph.D., is doing much to interpret Temperance leader of Japan, died on Oc- .~.., China to America..by.. his* lectures; tober 27, 1924. * i *-,' ;*, REV. GUIOO CoMBA, a~pai;tor of th~ Wal- DR. SUN YAT SgN, formerly President (}f rIensian Church in Pomaretto, Italy, is in the Chinese Republic, anrI leader of the Southern Revolutionists, dierI in Peking on March 12th.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 1n writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON, EJilor CONTENTS FOR APRIL, 1925 Page FRONiTISPIECE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A GROUP OF MISSIONARY LEADERS EDITORIALS …………………………………………………….. 261 EVIDENCES OF LOYALTY TO OHRIST RELIGION TN THE UNITF.D STATES JAPAN SINCE THE EARTHQUAKE THE MONTEVIDEO CONGRESS RIGHTS AND WRONGS OF AMERICAN INDIANS HALF A CENTURY OF MISSIONARY PROGRESS ..•………••. S. W. BOGGS 269 A /ftuily of th.e fGUts and statistiC's gathered fo,," fO'f"'1I.er Missionary Conferences and for the new World Missionary Atlas, with olwris 8ho'tl)~ng growth in eon- tributions, workers and communica'1!ts.

A BROTHERHOOD PROBLEM …………………………….. A. A. HYDE 280 EXPERlIENCES IN THE BENGAL JUNGLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A MISSIONARY 281 The story.of a lone"ty missionary's work in India wnd the reoults accomplished by the power of God.

WORK FOR CHINESE CHILDREN …………………… A. M. JOHANNSEN 283 An interesting account of ezperilJ'lWes in giminO to the eMldiren of China the Gospel of ChrfRt.

THE SPIRIT OF UNITY IN HOME MISSIONS ……….LEMUEl, CALL BARNES 287 An address at the Home Missions Conference at Atlantio City showing the progress in home missionary cooperation during the past twenty-five yea·rs.

DR. MASAHISA UEMURA-THFl' JAPANESE SPURGEON .. GALEN M. FISHER 292 The story of a remarkable Japanese Christian postor, educator and author who recently died in Tokyo, leaving a large independent church.

LESSONS FROM RECENT FINANOIAL CAMPAIGNS •……. JAY S. STOWELL 295 A review of some of the denominational financial Forward Movements, with con· ()liUMons all to their value, drawn from a study of the result".

WHAT THE MISSION BOARDS MUST, DO ……•…. RALPH E. DIFFENDOBFER 299 The repO'f"t of an addrelfs by the new 8ecretary of the Methodist Episcopal BOMd of Foreign Missions, delivered at Washington, D. C., and showing 80me of the prilneiples that must !/UMe Mission Board8 to the SUCcessful accomplish, mont of their tasks.

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Robert E. Sp.,er. President W1lIiam I. Chamberlain, Vice-President Delavan L. PlehoD, SecretaIT Walter McllougaU, Treasurer Publication om.,., 3d .. Rell7 Sta., Harrisburc, Editorial and Bualness Olllce, 166 Fifth AT……. Pa. 26c. cOP7 '2.50 • 7ear New York C117 Bntered .. leaond-c1… matter at the Polt 0111.,.. Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 187•. Your Income Give. You a 30-Day Tour of Is Secure England Belgium France if you invest in our EUROPE Annuity A.reementa. Investigate and aatia- Ten other Tours of longer itin- fy youraelf concerning erary at various prices up to $1045. the facta. Write to: PALESTINE W. J. Elliott, Treasurer. Board of Home Mis- .ions and Church Extension of the Methodist Epis. Wonderful Cruise on Special Steamer copal Church. 1701 ~h St.• Philadelphia. $595 and Up Morrie W. Ehne.,Treawrer. Board of Foreign In our Personally Conducted Miuions of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 Parties, you 'vrravel Free From Fifth Ave.. New York. N. Y. Worry."

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HARTFORD THE BIBLICAL SEMINARY IN NEW YORK SEMINARY FOUNDATION W. W. WHITE, President Hartford, Conn. SUMMER TERM W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, President June 17-July 28y 1925 Theological Seminary Dean, K. W. la.cohua Qf Special Value to Missionaries School of Religious Pedagogy Term divided into two periods of three Dea.n, E. R. Knight weeks each.

Kennedy School of lIissions Courses for Pastors, Missionaries, Mis- Dean, E. W. Capen sionary Candidates, Theological Stu- dents, and other Leaders and Workers. Through these assoclitecl' schools Hartford Missionary €onferences. offers full training for Strong courses in Phonetics and Mis- 1. The Christian Klnistry. sionary Linguistics. 2. 1I.eligiou> Education and Social Service. 3. The ·Forelgn Field. Pastors Department of four weeks, July 1-28. Each school has Its Independent faculty and Its own institutional life and together they for~ Special August-September program. one interdenominational institution with the unity of a common aim and spirit. JOHN ANDERSON WOOD, Dean The plan for a group of eight buildings for 545 Lexington Ave. New 'York the Foundation Is belng carried out•.•·Mackenzle HaJl. the woman's dormitory. Is alteally completed and occupied under direction of:tlie Dean of Women, Mrs. Lester McLean. Jr. Construc… tion bas begun on Knight Hall. a classroom building, and Avery Hall, the library.

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APRIL, 1925

XLVIII FOUR EVIDENCES OF LOYALTY TO CHRIST O NE of our American philosophers defined loyalty as "the will- ing and practical and thorough-going devotion of a person to a cause." Devotion to Christ calls for the practical expression of our devotion to His cause-not to mere agencies of the Church, but to the cause of Christ as represented in the missionary work of His Church at home and abroad.

Our loyalty must be practical. It is not simply feeling that is required but its practice in action. And the action called for is prayer and sacrifice. 'rYe are asked to devote what we have to the most sacred use to which we can put it, the world-wide unselfish service of the cause of Christ.

This is not a hardship. True loyalty does not ask" How little ~ " It asks "How much ~" It courts the opportunity to show love by real sacrifice. Loyalty is a permanent and enduring thing, a "thorough-going devotion," not spasmodic. "A man is loyal," says Professor Royce, "when, first, he has some cause to which he is loyal; when, secondly, he willingly and thoroughly devotes himself to this cause, and when, thirdly, he expresses his devotion in some sustained and practical way, by acting steadily in the service of that cause." The recognition and observance of the principles of the Lord's Day and of the tithe, of one seventh of our time and one tenth of our income set aside sacredly, does not mean that we hold less sacred the remainder of income and time. On the contrary the more devotedly we set aside the seventh and the tenth, the more surely will we devote all to the service of God. Loyal sacrificial giving makes all forms of loyalty more easy and natural at all times.

Our lives are pitched on too Iowa level. vThat we need is to feel more of the reality of Paul's great experience: "That I may know Him and the power of His resurrection and the fellowship of His sufferings." Why not take onr Christianity seriously and follow 261

Christ, not afar off or only in figures of speech but in flesh and blood and near? If we would exhibit this kind of Christianity it would mark the beginning of a new time for us and for the Church, the entrance into a new and thorough-going loyalty, a new fidelity on our part answering the deathless fidelity of Christ. R. E. s.

RELIGION IN THE UNITED STATES A STATISTICIAN has gathered figures to show that in the past fifty or more years every period of decline in accessions to the Christian churches of America has been a period in which either war or religious controversy has disturbed the churches and has diverted them from their first responsibility of winning men to Jesus Christ and His way of life. It may also be argued that unbelief in churches, which has given occasion for controversy, is that which has been responsible for the unfruitfulness. But which ever is the cause that produces the effect, all earnest Christians will agree that the first duty of the Church is to bear witness by word and bY' life to the promise and power of the Gospel of Christ. One life through which Christ consistently shines out will do more than one thousand controversial arguments to turn men to God. The clear setting forth of the reason for one's faith in Christ is one hundredfold· more beneficial than a dogmatic statement of unbelief and the reasons for rejecting the conclusions of science or of religion.

Statistics never tell the whole story. They cannot disclose the real spiritual state of the Church or of the individual Christian. But comparative statistics reveal some effect of Christian life and testimony on the youth and on non-Christians. In his statistics for church growth last year, Dr. H. K. Carroll, the well-known church statistician for the Christian Herald, points out that in 1924 all religious bodies in the United States gained 690,000 new members or about two and one-eighth per cent. Of these gains, 366,336 were Protestants, 220,000 were Roman Catholics and the others scattered. The total membership reported is now 46,142,000, of which 16,103,000 are Roman Catholics. The largest Protestant bodies are still the Baptists (8,227,000), the Methodists (8,700,000), and the Lutherans and Presbyterians (2,500,000 each). The largest gains for the year, reported by the various groups, are Roman Catholics, 1Y25'0 (222,- 000), Methodists, 1% (79,974), Baptists, 1% (88,093), the Disciples, 3% (47,703) and Presbyterians, lY2% (37,909). The Pentecostal churches, with 18,641 members, gained 12% (2,362). The Univer- salists, Ethical Culture Society, Spiritualists and Jews report no gains, while River Brethren, Swedenborgians and Friends report decreases. The Mormons report 16,000 increase. – While the evangelical churches have not made the progress they should, and have not mhde the impression on American life that

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

might be expected, they are without doubt the greatest factor for good in the civic, domestic and individual life of the nation. They are growing, since they more than make up for the losses caused by death. While the population of the country has increased 80% in the past thirty-five years, the churches have increased 130%. Twofifths of the population are now enrolled as members of religious bodies, probably one-fifth are children under fifteen so that about t.wo-fifths (or forty-four million) are still unconnected with any religious organization-Protestant, Roman Catholic or Jewish. Evidently there is still work for evangelical churches to do to win men to Christ in America as well as in foreign lands. Some of the Protestant communions have gained mOre members in their mission fields than in their home churches. A new spirit of evangelism and new evidences of spiritual life and power are needed to enable American Christianity to make an adequate impression on national and international conditions.

THE MONTEVIDEO CONGRESS O N. February 28th, a large party of Christian educators and other church leaders, forty or more, sailed from New York for South America to take part in a missionary congress to be held in Montevideo, Uruguay, March 27th to April 8th. This party included Dr. and Mrs. Robert E. Speer, Rev. and Mrs. S. G. Inman, Dr. and Mrs. D. J. Fleming, Bishop Francis J. McConnell and Mrs. McConnell of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Dr. Stephen J. Corey of the United Christian Missionary Society, Miss Edith M. Dabb of the Y. W. C. A., Dr. W. G. Hounshell of the Methodist Church, South, Dr. H. C. Tucker of the American Bible Society and Mr. W. Reginald Wheeler of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. They will be joined in Montevideo by other North Amerioan leaders who have already sailed, by missionaries on the field, and by many Latin American Protestant leaders.

The Congress is to be held under the auspices of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America, of which Dr. Speer, of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., is chairman, and Dr. Inman execut.ive secretary.

The purpose of the Congress is to study the new conditions which have arisen in the South American republics in recent years, especially since the war, and to form plans and programs for making more effective the work of religious, educational and medical agencies in the light of these new facts. For that purpose twelve commissions, composed of leading national pastors and educators from South America and representatives of similar interests in North America, have been surveying the conditions on the field and the work of the evangelical churches for several months. Their studies, which will be

presented to the Congress for consideration and action, include: unoccupied fields of service, Indians of South America, education, evangelism, social movements, health ministry, the church in the community, religious education, literature, relations between foreign and national workers, special religious problems, and cooperation and unity.

Smaller regional conferences are to be held in Brazil and on the West coast, and next year a special conference is scheduled for Mexico and Central America.

South America, on account of its having been nominally brought under the sway of the Roman Catholic Church, has been greatly neglected by evangelical Christian influences. As a result, it has become largely atheistic and many sections have no knowledge of the Gospel of Christ.

Much of inland South America is still unknown territory and has been very difficult of access. Now, however, great stretches of territory, which have been far removed from North America and Europe, are becom.ing easily accessible. A few months ago it required from a week to ten days to make the trip from any Colombian port to the capital of the Republic, Bogota. Today this trip can be made from Barranquilla by a regular aeroplane service in sixteen hours. This will soon transform transportation and affect the whole political, economic, spiritual and educational life of the Republic. Railways between Brazil and Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina, Chile and Bolivia are bringing about new and closer relationship in South American life. Steamship connections with Europe, North America, and Japan are also making easier the exchange of life between South America and the rest of the world.

The social structure of the continent is likewise changing. With the gradual development of a middle class, with the introduction of a new consciousness of their rights among the laboring people, and with a new appreciation of social problems by the educated classes, there is a breaking up of the old fixed castes, and today the social system of South America is in solution.

Many women, heretofore prohibited from participating in the solution of great social and educational problems, have begun to take a part in the discussion of the great questions stirring their nations. Many have entered industry and even lower-class women are now educating themselves, often with the help of their more fortunate sisters.

A new spiritual movement is also evident. In the beginning, these republics all recognized a union between Church and State, but education and democratic ideas of government have brought about the separation of a large part of the intellectuals from the Church, and a few years ago it looked as though the leaders were carrying that continent into a materialistic philosophy. The state has been sepa-

EDJ'I'ORIAL OOMMENTS

rated from the Church and many leaders among government officials, heads of universities, authors and publicists, are urging the necessity of finding a spiritual basis for national and personal life.

This particularly is the reason for the Congress on Christian Work in South America. It is a most propitious time to unite the new forces in a call to the whole continent for a turning from the material to a fresh emphasis on the spiritual.

There must be found new ways of alliance between spiritual life and the great social, eco'nomic and educatiQnal renaissance. Otherwise, the very advancements of modern science will favor the material at the expense of the spiritual. The only hope for South America, from a Christian point of view, is an intelligent following of Jesus Christ and an application of His teachings to all the relationships of life.

RIGHTS AND WRONGS OF AMERICAN INDIANS I T IS always a mooted question as to how much of the cuetoms and beliefs ,of primitive peoples should be relegated to oblivion as civilization progresses. 'Without doubt, many native ideals and habits are not only picturesque and meaningful, but some contribute to honor, morality and other elements of a, strong character. But a few authors, artists and ethnologists go much further and decry any effort to eliminate tribal and racial art, traits and customs, even though such may be largely responsible for a peoples' poverty, ignorance and degradation. Apologists are found for polygamy, for the indecent in India's art and literature, for immoral African dances and for the American Indian war dances, the weakening Peyote worship and other degrading religious ceremonies.

Without doubt, among the best informed and most unselfish friends of the American Indians are the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, the Indian Rights Association, and the Christian missionaries, who are devoting their lives to Indian welfare. Yet some misguided persons, like John Collier, desire to preserve these ancient Indian rites and customs at an costs and refer to efforts to put an end to degrading and weakening ceremonies as "persecution." The edict that has aroused antagonism on the part of some so-called "friends" of the Indians js an order of the Department of the Interior sent out by Commissioner Burke which reads, in part, as follows: (Circular 1665, April 26, 1921) : "It is not the policy of the Indian office to denounce all forIll8 of Indian (religious) dancing… The sun-dance and all other similar dances and 80called religious' ceremonies are considered 'Indian offenses' under existing regulations, and corrective penalties are provided. I J·egard such restriction as applicable to any dance which involves acts of self-torture, immoral rela· tions between the sexes, the sacrificial destruction of clothing or other useful articles, the reckless giving away of property, the use of injurious drugs or

intoxicants, and frequent or prolonged periods of celebration … ' In fact, any disorderly or plainly excessive performance that promotes superstitious cruelty, licentiousness, idleness, danger of health, and shiftless indifference to fam;ily welfare. In all such cases the regulations should be enforced."

It would seem that such an order is reasonable when applied to " Wards of the Nation. " There may be worse habits and influences at work among white people in America, but laws are enacted to prevent their public expression, if possible.

The objection is als,? raised that prohibition of these Indian dances and other harmful ceremonies is "interference with the Indians' religion." Such objectors overlook the fact, however, that the Indian chiefs, caciqu.es and gouvernors, in an effort to keep alive these ceremonies deny religious liberty to members of a community who refuse to participate. In other words, they punish and "persecute" men, women and children who wish to break away from degrading rites. Officers in the Indian service, who are in a position to know, report that the commercialized sacred dances performed for touril1ts are merely "for show" and that the attending secret performances connected with the rites are degrading in the extreme.

What is the testimony of enlightened Indians who know these ceremonies and their effects from experience and who wish to see their people not only kept from degradation but elevated in intelligence and morality1 Otto Lomavito, a Christian Hopi Indian, has this to say of the Snake Dance (in the Coconino Sun): "Being a full-blood Hopi myself with my heart overflowing with love for my fellow tribesmen, and jealous for their progress in civilization, I feel it time an? incumbent for some to write our views in this matter …

"It is beyond my comprehension how a man of the intelligence of a white man can wish that the Hopis shonld continue in this disgusting ceremony of holding a snake in one's month for five or ten minutes at a time. In the judgment of a Hopi a white man is a superior being, and naturally he desires to imitate him:. But when he comes year after year, spending thou- sands of dollars in small hotels and cafes tingling the greedy ears of the portly innkeepers and then stretches out his covetous hands to a poor, dustcovered Hopi of the desert with assumed friendl;" smile only to sneer when meeting him on his own town streets, the ever alert superstitiously-reverent Hopi begins to suspect rottenness in the game. Has the great white man become so low that he willingly spends hundreds of hard-earned dollars just to see an ignorant Indian wriggle with his wriggling god the snake' … Tourists do not show their better side as a rule, but their blackest side to a quick discerning Hopi. Bring us better qualities and we will welcome you."

The Progressive Indians in the Pueblos have no sympathy with the continuance of snake dances and other immoral or degrading ceremonies. At a meeting held at Santa Clara, New Mexico, they unanimously adopted the following resolutions: "We love our homes, our towns and villages and our people, and our Christian God more, and we are sorry that some of the Pueblo officials are cruel toward many of us and try to make slaves of us under pretense of

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

alleged ancient customs, and in this we know that they are not sincere, but use these means to punish and persecute us for secret reasons because of our refusal to take part in secret and un-Christian dances …

"Liberty to practice one's religion should be equal and not limited alone to those whose beliefs and ceremonies may be ancient, but those who disagree with one group in religious matters should have the right to stand fast in that disagreement in favor of their own beliefs without being subjected to religious persecution and immoral customs, no matter how ancient, should be banished and kept banished from the Pueblos by the general government, if in fact it is our guardian."

The testimony of Christian Indians is abundant that the Hopi ceremonies, connected with the dancing, are immoral. Those who know and love the Indians and are working for their betterment uphold the findings of the Department of the Interior. All who have at heart the welfare of the American Indians should not only refuse to uphold any of these degrading rites, but should use all their in- fluence to put an end to them in order that the Red Man also may '.!ome into his heritage as Christian citizens of America.

. JAPAN SINCE THE EARTHQUAKE .L-1.. ALTHOUGH the great earthquake of September, 1923, caused tremendous suffering and loss, it was hoped that real spiritual gain might result. In Tokyo and Yokohama the haunts of vice were destroyed. Would they be rebuilt? Material property was laid waste. Would men become more concerned with abiding spiritual values T Slums and evil industrial conditions were wiped out. Would a repetition of these conditions be prevented? America responded generously to the call for help from the stricken people. Would this insure better international relations? The Japanese showed fortitude and ability to cope with the gigantic calamity. Would they show wisdom and power to reconstruct all institutions on a better basis 7 Diverse missionary institutions, working independently of each other in the devastated district, were shaken down or burned. Would the missionary forces cooperate on a united, effective program'

These, and other questions arose, but many of them still remain unanswered or give no immediate promise of being answered in the affirmative. A writer in the Japan Evangelist says: "The immediate effect of the great disaster was to fill the hearts of the Christian workers with dismay. The work so laboriously built up over a period of many years was to a large extent destroyed in the COMse of a few hours. But this feeling of dismay soon faded away before a new vision of hope and faith. Since the earthquake had to be, was not this an opportune time to remedy some of the defects which had developed unintentionally as the work progressed? Animated by this hope, the Executive Committee of the Federation of Christian Missions called a meeting of the missionaries in Karuizawa to discuss the situation. It was felt that this was an unique OppOirtunity to rebuild the Christian work in Tokyo and Yokohama on a broader

basis. It was the unanimous opinion that the Federation of Churches in Tokyo and Yokohama should strive for a larger cooperation in evangelistic and educational work, in the production of Christian literature and in the erection of a Christian headquarters building. The churches entered heartily into the plan and a Commission on Reconstruction, composed of Japanese and foreigners, was appointed.

"A year has passed and it may be well to take stock of what has been accomplished in the way of larger coope.ration. As far as evangelistic work was concerned, it was felt that in some sections there was needless overlapping while other sections were almost entirely neglected; that the changing conditions of city life required a new method of approach; that the rapidly developing suburbs of Tokyo should be carefully studied and churched without the customary overlapping. The sub-committee on evangelistic work entered enthusiastically upon its duties, but soon encountered what seemed insurmountable difficulties. It was unable to accomplish more than to make a survey of the destroyed churches. Some of the churches have already removed to the suburbs, others will not be rebuilt or will occupy their fOtl'lllel" sites.

"Denominational expediency, not interdenominational cooperation, is the governing factor. .. In educational work of the missions no attempt has been made for greater cooperation. .. To supply Christian literature, there were in Tokyo al{)ne eight publishing houses. .. The Commission on Reconstruction seriously considered the problem of uniting some of these and the proposition has been made which looks forward to the union of the Methodist Publishing House and the Christian Literature Society. If this is done it will make possible the erection of a Christian headquarters building on the site of the Methodist Publishing House …

"The earthquake and fire wiped out practically all the literature, newspapers, telephones, telegraphs, markets, stores, and many schools, hospitals, and churches. In the year that has followed, some steps have been taken toward rehabilitation, in spite of excusable mistakes and inexclLSable political mismanagement. The plans for the new Tokyo have not yet been decided upon, and only temporary structures have heen put up."

The basic cause of the lack of cooperation seems to be a combination of factors-suspicion of the other mart's theology, natural conservatism, denominational policy, and the situation at home. The tragedy of the earthquake does not lie in the loss of millions of dollars worth of property so much as in the failure to permit the crisis to weld Christian agencies into a united force for more effective service for the Kingdom of God. Christianitv and Christians have been tested anew in Japan.

The man with "a message is given a hearing and there is evident desire to know how Christ can help Japan. Bible classes are attracting more than ever. There is increasing need for trained Japanese evangelists and pastors. Many districts in the interior are still neglected-and only about one person in a thousand in Japan is a Christian_ The retrenchment by Mission Boards has stimulated the movement for self-support, but has hindered advance. The temperance forces and other Christian agencies are active and many Japa- nese are aroused to the need for higher moral standards, better industrial conditions and other improvements that come only with the intelligent acceptance of the Gospel of Christ.

a Century of Missionary Progress *

A Stwdy of Figures Gathered from For-ci.gn Missionary Atlases BY SAMUEL W. BOGGS, F.R.G.S., WASHINGTON, D. C. Geogra.plter to the Department of State AREVIEW of the progress of the missionary enterprise during the last twenty-five and fifty years is timely, not simply be- . cause of the convenience of the round numbers and the fact that the lesser interval marks the beginning of a century, but because events of great significance make it worth while to compare the status of foreign missions now with that of the years 1875 and 1900.

In AFRICA the quarter century just preceding 1875 had been the era of the great explorers, among whom were Burton and Speke, du Chaillu, Nachtigal, and the missionaries Krapf and Rebmann, and Livingstone. The lonely death of David Livingstone, at Ilala, in May, 1873, had stirred Protestant Christendom, and the expansion of missionary work, particularly in the interior of Africa, dates from that time. Political events in Africa came to a turning point at about the same time. In 1875 only about one tenth of the continent was effectually controlled by European powers, but even before the Berlin Conference of 1884-85 much of Africa had been partitioned, and by 1900 practically all of the continent, except Abyssinia and Liberia, had already fallen within the political dominion of the European powers.

Within the half century, there have been added to the British Empire, outside Africa, its present possessions in Borneo, Papua, and many islands in the Pacific. Its former possessions in the Malay Peninsula, in upper Burma and northwestern India, have been extended. French control has been extended to Indo-China. Japan, the first Asiatic nation to become a world power, has acquired Korea and the leased territory of Kwantung on the Asiatic mainland, and Formosa and other islands in the Pacific. The United States, the first nation in the western hemisphere to become a world power, has acquired possessions in both hemispheres. Entirely within the half century the colonial eml?ire of Germany has been won and lost. The political and social events during and since the World War can scarcely be compressed within a sentence, but they are more fresh in our minds. Among others, it will be remembered that the Moslem lands of Syria and Mesopotamia, lately under Turkish dominioll, have been placed unde~French and British mandates.

In the' realm of Christian missions :the past half, century has ,been a fuost important period. New life was breathed into the • Facts gathered chie:fty from. a comparative stUdy of the new "World Missionary Atlas" (Institute of Social and Religious Surveys, New York, $10.00) and the Atlas published in 1903 by the Student Volunteer Movement.

269

Church of England following the day of intercession for missions in 1872. The intimate connection between the colleges and the for- eign mission field also began with the going out of the "Cambridge Seven" of the Ohina Inland Mission, in 1884-85. In 1886 the Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions was founded in America and since that time several thousand college and university trained men and women have entered the service in foreign fields. The year 1900, when the Ecumenical Missionary Conference met in New York, marks the half-way point in this past half century.

It is possible only to mention, as within the fifty-year period, the formation of strong national or regional interdenominational bodies in the foreign mission fields, the mutual delimitation of ter- ritorial responsibility in several fields and cooperation in strong union enterprises among the foreign mission organizations, the emergence of national churches rapidly taking places of leadership, and the more varied types of Christian work by which the Christian message is being made manifest.

The appearance of the new "World Missionary Atlas" at this time is particularly opportune, since it makes possible a wide range of studies of the achievements and present situation of the missionary enterprise at the end of the first quarter of the twentieth cen- tury. The increased number of geographical units into which the statistical facts are divided, as compared with the two preceding world missionary atlases of 1903 and 1911, facilitates detailed studies and establishes a base line for comparison in future years. But it is still not as simple a task as one would expect to make comparisons of the most significant facts of today with those of previous decades, in order to discover the present trend of the missionary movement.

Furthermore, the variations between the interpretations of terInS statistically reported, as between the Protestant denominations, are almost as diverse as are differences of doctrine. The better one is acquainted with the problem of making statistical comparisons as between denominations, mission fields, and decades, the more he will realize how difficult it is to interpret missionary statistics. • EXTENSION OF MISSIONARY OOOUPATION In JAPAN, of the fifty-three Protestant missionary societies now at work in the country, only nine were operating there in 1875 and only thirty-three in 1900. Korea is one of the more recently occupied areas. Of the fifteen societies reported as engaged in mission· ary work in Korea today only the British and Foreign Bible Society was there in 1875 (having begun work in 1832), and only nine societies were at work in 1900.

Although Protestant missions began in CHINA with Robert –'-I-tshould be remarked, In connection with W!lat follows, that the stat/stlcs ot the 190.1 missions a.tlas are generally for the year 1900, and that those ()f the 1925 atlas are for 1923.

8. W. B.

HALF A CENTURY OF MISSIONARY PROGRESS

Morrison as long ago as 1807, in the southern province of Kwang- tung, there were occupied in 1875 only the six coast provinces (ex- cluding Manchuria) and the three Yangtze provinces of Anhwei, Kiangsi and Hnpeh. In these provinces foreign missionaries re- sided in forty-nine centers. Between 1875 and 1900 work was initiated in all remaining nine provinces of China P'roper and in Manchuria, Mongolia and Sinkiang, and the number of stations in- creased more than sevenfold. In th~ last quarter century the num- ber of stations in China has again more than doubled, having increased from 356 to 740. The number of Protestant missionary agencies has also increased from 28 in 1875, to 65 in 1900, and 138 in 1925. In other words, scarcely more than one fi£th of the mis- sionary societies now in China have been working there for fifty years, and more than half of them have entered the field within the present century.

Protestant work in the PHILIPPINE IsLANDS began in 1899, fol- lowing the Spanish-American War. About a year later four Ameri- can societies were at work there and today there are sixteen societies which have become established in thirty-one residential centers.

Of the missionary forces now in the NETHERLANDS INDIES, the first to begin work was the Netherlands Missionary Society, in 1797. Between 1800 and 1850 four more societies entered, and six more in the next" quarter century, making a total of eleven societies in 1875. This number was increased to sixteen by 1900, and since then others have been added so that twenty-seven societies are now laboring there. In INDIA, missionary work was in 1875 carried on in all of the provinces and native states, except Baluchistan. The distribution of stations, in proportion to their numbers, was apparently not greatly different twenty-five and :fifty years ago from what it is today. The interior of India was more accessible than the interior of China, save for the Yangtze, even before the building of the stplendid railroad system in India. In all of the countries, dominions, colonies and protectorates of AFRICA as we know it today, work is now being done by Protestant missionary forces, save in Rio de Oro, Portuguese Guinea, the Ivory Coast, French SomaliIand, British SomaliIand, and Italian Somali- land. (There is work in the part of Italian SomaliIand recently ac- . quired from Kenya Colony.) In 1875, also, no mission work had been begun in any of the following political entities by any of the societies now occupying them: the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Libya, Fr~nch Suqan, Dahomey, Cameroun, French Equatorial Mrica, 1}.~lgian Cop.go, Angola, Northern Rhodesia, and Uganda. In Algeria, Tu.Irls, MorocCo, and Abyssinia there was, in 1875, only the British anQ Foreign Bible Society. We do not forget that as early as 1804tge C. M. S. had opened W;QI;~ in.Sierra Leone, and that by

1830 work had been started, nnder various societies, among the Zulus of South Africa, and in Liberia. Nevertheless, fifty years ago only a part of the coastal fringe of Africa was occupied by missions, except in South Africa. In most of the occupied areas the work was only in its initial stages.

FOREIGN AND NATIVE STAFFS A detailed comparison of missionary statistics of today with those of fifty or more years ago is very difficult. Most of the com- -'Su VIIJJ!iIJ i 12 221 2 / I 7/ /7 727 I I 7 I Z 71 China r-':'

India r ,ra-pa11 ba Xorea b Philippine Island.

b URIOA I!'?

1%% II I I 1/ 1/ 1 '-=1~ -~. _~m, mum lletherlands D e.

LUll JlDI:RIci and OS'!' IlIDIJIS III 1925 ~ 111 1900 = : r o r e i g n _ f&tive GROWTH OF THE FOREIGN AND NATIVE MISSIONARY STAFF parisons which follow, therefore, refer only to statistics of 1900 and of 1925.

A comparison of the statistics of Asia with those of Africa and Australasia is not of great value. Africa is not in any sense a single mission field, for it is racially, linguistically, religiously, politically, climatically diverse. But inasmuch as the greater part of the work and of the results of missions relates to pagan Negroes rather than to Semitic and Negroid Mohammedans, ip. making continental comparisons it may, ~e regarded as the pagan continent. Similarly Asia is not a sing'le field, but may be thought of as the continent of the higher 'ethnic religions. In view of the fact, however, that detailed statistics for the political subdivisions of Africa and for some of the important subdivisions of Asia are not conveniently accessible prior

925] HAL1<' A CENTURY .01<' MISSIONARY PROGRESS

to the 1925 atlas, there is no other basis at hand for many of the comparisons which follow.

According to the report of the Missionary Conference held in London in 1888, there were then reckoned to be not more than five or six thousand missionaries and perhaps 30,000 native workers in the foreign mission fields. Twelve years later the number of foreign workers had considerably more than doubled; not c-Ounting work for Indians, Eskimos, and Asiatic immigrants in the United States, . Canada, Alaska, and Greenland, there were, in 1900, nearly 14,400 missionaries. Since 1900 they have nearly doubled again, numbering nearly 27,900.

In twelve years the native workers more than doubled, increas- ing from the estimated 30,000 in 1888 to more than 72,000 in 1900. In the last quarter century they have at least doubled again, now numbering more than 150,000.

The following table shows the foreign and native staff statistics for 1900 and 1925 for the continental divisions and for certain countries.

Foreign staff Native staff 1900 1925 1900 1925 ASIA •.•…..•.•.••.•..• 8,839 16,524 38,819 88,635 2,785 7,663 6,388 27,133 China ……. ………. . 4,038 5,682 48,787 India …………….. . 1,253 24,798 3,535 Japan ……………. . 753 598 1,668 4,042 Korea …………….. . 141 287 157 1,997 Philippine Islands …… . 6,2'89 43,181 3,335 22,279 AFRICA •…••.•……… 1,810 12,559 762 693 5,117 6,659 AUSTRALASIA, NET HER – 1,438 3,249 6,000* 6,094* LAN D sIN DIE s, and PACIFIC ISLANDS ….. .

Netherlands Indies ….. . LATIN AMERICA and WEST INDIEs* …………..

Because of the relative importance of foreign and native staff statistics, these have been graphically illustrated in two ways, to bring out both their relative numerical strength, and their rates of increase in the last twenty-five years. As should be expected, owing to the fact that more than half of the world's population lives in Asia, appreciably more than half (over 59 per cent) of the foreign missionaries work in that continent. About 22.5 per cent are in Africa; while 6.5 per cent are in Australasia, Netherlands Indies and the Pacific Islands j Latin America and the West Indies claim about 11.6 per cent of the foreign staff.

As between the continental divisions, the relative increases in foreign staff have been quite uniform. In view of the fact that Africa, as a whole, has been occupied for a muclt shorter time than to The statistics for native staff for Latin America and the West Indies arE:> m.isleading; an advance in Latin America has been offset by a decrease in the numbers reported for the Bri[is'h ,-Vest Indies, owing to a change in the basis of reporting those employed by the mi~sionary agencieS.

2

Asia, one might have expected an increase in foreign workers con- siderably more rapid than in Asia. As explained in a footnote, the real increase in Latin America is obscured by the statistical decrease in the West Indies.

Of the countries for which statistics are given above, Korea shows the most rapid increase in foreign staff in the quarter century, largely because this "Hermit Kingdom" was one of the more re- cently entered. In Ohina the foreign staff has well nigh trebled, having increased 175 per cent since 1900. Compared with these.

increases, that of 66 per cent in Japan, and that of 40 per cent in ASIA India, seem small. 182GBCCI~~'~~~9~ In co~paring the continental _ _ China divisions, it will be seen that there 312765= ~==::… has been a proportionately greater India growth in native staff than in foreign staff in the last twenty- 40= five years, except in the West 96==-_ Indies. This has been most no- table in Australasia and in Asia, Ja~~~=:… 112", in both of which it has consider- AFRICA ' ably more than doubled. In Mrica 9gg4CC'~~ the native staff has almost dou- bled within the present century. AUSTIIAtASIA. NETHERLANDS I1'DIES. and PACIFIC ISWms The most remarkable increase has been in Korea, where the ~a~: ,"S,,I native staff is nearly twenty-six. times as great as in 1900. In China LATIN AMERICA and WEST INDIES the native staff has more than 125 1 bDI 2r:=::J 1900 1925 quadrupled. In both Japan and Foreign,=== India, while the native staff has increased nearly or fully twice as Natlve= [100%] rapidly RAT'E OF GROWTH IN MISSIONARY STAFF as the foreign staff, the growth in native staff within the twentieth century has been somewhat less rapid than in Asia and the world as a whole.

In all the fields for which statistics are shown above, taken as a whole, the ratio between the native staff and the foreign staff today is approximately 5.4 to 1. In Asia as a whole that same ratio holds. In Africa the ratio is abont 6.9 to 1. In Australasia, Nether- lands Indies and the Pacific Islands it is almost exactly the same as in Africa. In Latin America and the West Indies as a whole the ratio is about 1.9 to 1, owing to the deficiency in native staff statistics in the West Indies.

GROWTH IN INCOME It is almost impossible to compare the gifts to foreign missions today with those of twenty-five and fifty years ago as they ought

1925J HALF A CENTURY OF MISSIONARY PROGRESS

to be compared. Several factors should be taken into account, notably the great increase in material wealth in Ohristendom as a whole and especially in the United States, the upset exchange values due to the war, and, quite apart from the disrupted exchange rela- tionships, the varying and generally decreasing purchasing power of the national currencies. .

The increase in gifts to foreign missions has been sufficient- however much less than it ought to have been-to more than offset all the varying factors affecting the value of the money given. In the last quarter of the nineteenth century the total income of foreign mission organizations probably doubled or trebled. In the first quarter of the twentieth century the income has multiplied approxi- mately three and one-half times, growing from $19,600,000 in 1900 to $69,555,000 in 1923.

The accompanying diagram clearly visualizes the salient facts.

The increase from 32 per cent to 65 per cent of the total for the United States within a quarter of ._-.– a century is certainly no' more than l.j~ ,:",' -:-:::: < Other countries the United' States should have 16.~ ~~j{. ':~':;:": ~ '-!.Oont'l Europe borne, taking into account the war ited states and the material prosperity of this GROW~:IS~~o1H~i~£~Nix.g~JsOREIGN country. Oanada's increased share in the total burden (from 2.7 per cent in 1900 to 4.8 per cent today) is relatively greater than ours. The gifts of Great Britain and Ireland are more than 40 per cent larger than at the beginning of this century. They now constitute a little less than one fifth of the total of Christendom whereas in 1900 they constituted nearly half the total.

GROWTH IN THE NATIVE OHURCH The London Missionary Oonference of 1888 reported less than 300 evangelical converts in all the non-Christian world in 1788, whereas in 1888 it was estimated that there were about 3,000,000 evangelical converts. Warneck estimated the number of native Christian adherents in the non-Christian world in 1881 as 2,283,000, and in 1900 as 4,000,000, which would indicate that the indigenous churches nearly doubled in the last. twenty years of the nineteenth century.

Employing a different measuring rod, there were in the non- Christian world, in 1900, about 1,080,000 Protestant communicants, according to the 1903 missions atlas; by 1910 they had increased to approximately 1,933,000; and by 1923, in spite of the war, they

numbered nearly 3,200,000, having trebled since 1900. This is an average increase of about 5.75 per cent per year during the present century.

From the diagrams, it will be seen that, as between continental divisions, the greatest increases in numbers of communicants since 1900 have been, in Asia 911,000, in Africa 673,000, in Australasia and Netherlands Indies 471,000, and in Latin America 236,000. This is as would be expected when the populations of the continents and the Catholicism of Latin America are taken into consideration. As between mission fields, as the term is generally used, the increase ASIA 1.563232..000000 !C===================-………………………..

China 113,000 ===-_ _ __ 403,000 India ,000 = == == ==-_ _ _ _ _ __ 377 812,000 Japan : = – 42,800 135,000 Korea 8,300 277 ,000 – – – – – Philippines Islands 266 64,000 – AFRICA = = = = = -_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _• 343,000 C' 1,016,000 AUSTRAI.ASIA, ~"ETm:RLANDS ImJIES, and PACIfIC ISLANDS 1614g7,.o0o0O0 ',–==. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

Netherlands Indies 36,000 ~_ _ _ _ _ __ ==—- 476,000 LATIN AMERICA and WEST INDlES 132,000 368,000 t:! In 1900 In 1925 A COMPARISON OF CHRISTIAN COMMUNICANTS TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO AND TODAY of 440,000 in the Netherlands Indies stands first, the 425,000 in India second, and the 290,000 in China third, A more significant comparison, on the basis of the percentages of increase in the number of communicants in the last quarter century, shows that Australasia with the Netherlands Indies ranks first among the continental divisions, with 453 per cent, due almost wholly to the exceptional increase of .1,215 per cent in the Netherlands Indies. Africa stands second among the continents, with 196 per cent increase, Latin America third with 178 per cent, while Asia, the home of the higher ethnic cults, ranks lowest with 145 per cent. Further comparison between these quantities and rates of growth appear in the following paragraphs.

GROWTH AMONG NON-CHRISTIAN RELIGIONS Unfortunately, the statistics in the 1903 and 1911 mlSSIOns atlases do not admit of comparison with the 1925 atlas as to the relative success of Christian work among the peoples of the various non-Christian religions, chiefly because, in the earlier editions, the statistics are not subdivided into sufficiently small geographic and political units. The studies embodied in "The Christian Occupa- tion of China" afford a basis of historical comparisons so far as ==— China is concerned. For India there are both the census statistics by religions, languages, races, etc., ASIA and a more limited product of missionary research. For most of C1 Ch1i4n5a 256=~—– the other mission fields the data India 1l5=~-­ for comparative studies are lacking or very inadequate. Thus it is Jap2a1n 4==_ _ __ practically impossible to divide K;~46 the earlier , statistics for Africa Ph1lipp1r.e !!

even approximately to show the fS1Bn<1S results of missionary work among 2402-==l5~~~~~5~~ :Moslems and among pagan tribes AFRICA separately. 1961C::::::J_ _ __ Takin- g the higher religions, AUSTl'IALASIA. lIETRERUlIllS IllDIES.

an4d5P31AcC=I:F::I:C:J_ ISU_ lIllS_ _ _ _ __ the growth in number of Christian ===—- LN1Ae2Tt1hI5lei =rAla"l6n,ldlIs,C:AIn:adn:ide$.W=E=ST~I~N=DI:E:S ====== 178Ci communicants in China, chiefly [Numbers indicate per cent. from among Confucianists, is very increase. 1900-1925J encourar"r'~ing. '1'he greater rapidity of growth of the Christian Church 1925 in China than among the peoples of India ,. d uprairntg1y the last quarter RATES OF GROwrH IN CHRISTIAN century, to be accounted COMMUNICANTS IS for by the much more rapid increase in foreign and native workers in China in the same period. But until rather recently China has been appreciably less well staffed than India, reckoned on the basis of numbers of Christian workers to one million of the population.

In Shintoist Japan a larger proportion of the total population is Christian than in either China or India, and the rate of increase (the number of communicants more than trebled since 1900) is rela- tively high. In India, with its many religions, there has been a greater numerical increase in communicants than in any other field.

This increase has been most rapid among the low caste Hindus of India proper and the Buddhists and animists of Burma, and least of all among the 70,000,000 Moslems. .

Among Moslems the least progress seems to have been made in those regions which are most truly Moslem and the greatest progress to have been made where there is the greatest admixture of

animism and paganism. There is less to show, so far as numbers of converts are concerned, for the work among Moslems inWestern Asia, Arabia and Northern Africa than in the Netherlands Indies or even in northwestern China and in India. This is not surprising, and it should not be regarded as discouraging.

Among animist and pagan peoples the proportion of total population which has become Christian is higher than among the Confucianists, Buddhists, Shintoists and Hindus. And the rate of growth in Christian communicants has been higher, during the last quarter century, in Africa and Australasia than in Asia as a whole, though not equal to the growth in certain parts of Asia.

In Roman Catholic countries-the Philippine Islands and Latin America, notably in the former-the growth of Protestantism has been comparatively rapid in the last twenty-five years.

GROWTH BY CLIMATIC ZONES In the eastern hemisphere, approximately half the foreign missionarieS'are working in equatorial, low latitude, and the hotter monsoon regions. This area, from most of which the white peoples of Europe and America are probably permanently ex·cluded, so far as colonization is concerned, because of the climatic factors, includes very much of Africa, except the extreme northern and southern portions, and much of Arabia, Iraq, India, Indo-China, Malaya, the Philippine Islands, the Netherlands Indies, and Australasia. In this hot belt live a very high percentage of all the animist and pagan peoples of the world, and about three fourths of all the Moslems. In these regions which are less hospitable to the peoples from whom the foreign missionary forces are almost wholly recruited, the Christian communicants number about 2,000,000, comprising approximately two thirds of the communicants of the entire so-called non-Christian world. The adaptability of the Christian Gospel to these hotter lands, which has sometimes been disputed, seems to be well established, as, for instance, in the Netherlands Indies and the Cameroun.

In general, the climatic factor has not appeared to have any very great effect upon the results of missionary endeavor. Whether in China and Japan, most analogous in climate to the eastern United States, in the tropical monsoon belt of India and Indo-China, or in equatorial Africa and Australasia, missionary progress has seemed to be generally proportionate to the effectiveness of the missionary occupation and to the openness of the people to foreign religious and cultural influences. The universal adaptability of the Christian Gospel has been demonstrated from the climatic as well as racial and religious viewpoints. This is more important than generally recognized, because the climatic factor is more permanent than political, religious, linguistic or even racial factors, and in the long run has much to do in determining the uses to which each region

A CENTURY OF MISSIONARY PROGRESS

will be put in human economy and the sort of civilization that will ultimately prevail.

IN CONCLUSION It is true that there are more non-Christians in the world today than ever before in history. They number now at least 1,000,000,000 souls and the annual numerical excess of births over deaths among the one thousand million non-Christians is much greater than the annual increase of possibly 200,000 Christian converts won in the non-Christian world. If it were not for the fact that the growth in numbers of Christians somewhat approximates a geometrical ratio, while the increase in population has: a tendency to slow down, it would seem a hopeless task, under present conditions, to attempt to make the kingdoms of this world the Kingdom of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. But it is not impossible that within another twenty-five or fifty years the annual numerical increase of Christians in the non-Christian world will exceed the annual numerical increase in population, and that thereafter the non-Christian populations may steadily diminish while the Christian population steadily increases.

The quantitative data available are of very great significance in any study of the missionary enterprise, but it must be remembered that they reveal the situation and the trend only in part. It is, for example, well recognized that in certain countries the influence of the comparatively few Christians is effective far beyond the proportion of their numbers. Westerners should realize that this is partly due to the thought that Christianity brings with it certain benefits connected with the civilization of the West, and is not wholly due to the recognized merits of the Christian Gospel itself. In other cases the identification of Christianity with Western civilization is a handicap.

Statistics clearly indicate that the Christian Gospel has already taken root among peoples of all religious faiths, languages and cultures and in all climes. But they cannot reveal the fact that the Christian task and program are necessarily a world task and program -that is implicit in the Gospel itself. One of the most serious handicaps to the missionary enterprise is the very imperfect application of Christ's spirit and principles to the life of the Western world. Perhaps an equal handicap is the consequent failure to Christianize the contacts of the so-called Christian peoples with the non-Christian peoples at many points. If the increase in Christians in the non- Christian world is to overtake and pass the growth in population, and if the increasingly influential indigenous Christian minorities in these lands are to be effectively strengthened, there must be, not only an adequate advance in foreign missionary endeavor, but also a simultaneous effort to make the life of Christendom more wholly Christian.

A BROTHERHOOD PROBLEM FOUR significant things particu.larly called to our attention, or which . have taken place in the past ten years, clearly indicate to the writer that the type of Christianity now generally existent in our churches will never bring to pass the universal brotherhood for which we pray.

1. THE WORLD WAR DEIJIBERATELY S'l'ARTED BY SO·CALI.ED CHRISTIAN NATIONS.

2. THE REPUDIATION OF OUR s'rANDARDS OF' CHRISTIAN LIFE BY ALTRUISTIC MEN IN NON· CHRISTIAN I,ANDS, LIKE GANDHI; ALSO BY RETURN· ING STUDENTS AND BY SOME VERY SUCCESSFUL MISSIONARIES.

3. THE ADOPTION AND PROMULGATION OF ANTJ·HUMAN BROTHERHOOD TEACHINGS BY THOUSANDS OF CHURCH MEMBERS IN CERTAIN ORGANIZATIONS -THE K. K. K. TO ILLUSTRA'I'E. 4. THE REMARKABLE GROWTH AND ACCEPTANCE OF REVOLUTIONARY INDIVIDUAL INTERPRETATIONS OF THE SCRIPTURES BY O'rHER ORGANIZATIONS CALLED CHRISTIAN-SPIRI'rUAL AND MENTAL HEALING CULTS, FOR IN· STANCE.

If the conclusion in our first paragraph is true, and our type of Christianity must be greatly raised to produce loving human relation· ships, we are led to ask-" Are there any standards of religious life which, if followed, will bring universal brotherhood, stop war and make the religion of Jesus reasonable and attractive to those who are seeking light and ' The Way' ~"

We hear it often said, "Obedience to the teachings of tve Sermon on the Mount will do this." But has the truth of this assertion been practically demonstrated either in individual or social life 1 "Yes,"

some would answer, "in individ.ual life now and then, and partially in some religious communions in the world," as examples, men of such character as Lord Shaftesbury and the poet Whittier; organizations such as the peace.promoting Quakers and Adyentists with their sani· tariums, their missionary spirit and noted giving record.

If this is true, can we determine the reason or basis why some in· dividuals and certain communions have come nearer than others in Jiving up to Christ's standards ~ We find these individuals and communions have the follo,wing be· liefs and practices in common: , 1. A DEVOUT LOVE AND REVERENCE FOR GOD, BASED ON A RE,MARKABLE KNOWLEDGE OF AND A THOROUGH LOYAVTY TO THE TEACHINGS OF THE WHOLE BIBLE.

2. A FULL RECOGNITION OF PERSONAL OBLIGATION FOR LIVES OF SERVICE TO THEIR FELLOW MEN.

3. ACCEPTANCE OF JESUS CHRIST AS ACTUAL T~ORD AND DIRECTOR OF ALL OF LIFE'S ACTIVITIES.

4. REVERENT OBSERVANCE OF THE SABBATH OR LORD'S DAY AS A HOLY DAY KEPT SACRED FOR SPIRITUAL USE.

After reading the above over a number of times, we are led to ask- Is it possible thfLt these simple common· place statements form the basis of the normal life for which we 'are looking 'I-Or is this an anti.

climax to the Brotherhood problem indicated in our first paragraphs?

We wonder! A. A. HYDE.

in the Bengal

BY A MISSIONARY IN THE VILLAGES O~, BENGAL T HERE are many sides to this life-comic, serious, pathetic, patriotic, beautiful, revolting-especially to a woman. To the spotlessly clad lady is put the question, "Have you bathed today?" .A man asks, "How old are you1" and adds that he had consulted the servants and had learned that my age was "exactly ]30 years I" The usual questions about ma.rriage and family naturally are more frequent in the villages than in the towns, but all must be answered in good humor, and turned to good account in approaching our main subject. When the Women run away at sight of a hat and umbrella, and refuse to believe the sex of the intruder, the comic becomes serious. Patience is required to secure a hearing. One may be thought to be so holy as not to require food. It is equally unpleasant to be so untouchable that a dose of medicine, or diet which might save a life, is sternly refused. In selling gospels one may be required to throw the book into a hand of the buyer, so as not to touch it, and to pick up the copper from the ground!

The beautiful Bengal jungle, who shall describe it? Europeans are usually so taken up with gasping in the damp heat that if they see they do not find energy to describe it, but it is beautiful in every detail. There is also beauty left in some of the souls, especially in devoted wives who make it their religion to reverence their husbands. To be honest, however, it is necessary to carry the beauty of Jesus Christ in one's own soul, or the revolting things would very soon outweigh the beautiful.

Imagine being called into a home to "speak the good words" and being faced by half a dozen old women, whose visages would drive away every thought of holiness. Or sailing down a beautiful river, admiring the scenery, and suddenly beholding a human corpse, face downwards, digging its head into the bank, the whole neighborhood being" filled with the odor thereof." Such sights are common, and we have to drink the water! "For His sake" we live here and He keeps our souls in life.

How to reach the dense village population forming 95 per cent in Bengal, with thousands of villages in one small district, is a question calling for divine solution. Years ago we were led to start a primitive dispensary, miles away from any proper doctor or government dispensary. This gradually won the confidence of the people, and many thousands of poor folk have been helped in body and soul. They who come for medicine (all women) listen to 281

our preaching while their bottles are being filled, and many buy Scriptures to take home. In our itineration work we find the dispensary has changed the whole tone of our reception for at least 20 or 25 miles around and the name of Jesus is known where it was never heard before. The dispensing is still carried on in a tumbledown thatch and mud hut, while the patients sit in the open. Very little money is spent for "establishment," and less still for doctor's salary, as no such worker has ever been available.

But the main effort is to put God 's Word into the hands of those who can read. This involves perils and experiences of all kinds, but He Who gave the command gives the strength and opportunities.

An illiterate cart driver became convicted of sin while talked to by his passenger, heard of the way of salvation gladly, and found, when talking about it at home, that his younger brother had a gospel bought from the same worker years before when he was at school. It had been laid by with his school books, but was now brought out and read to the elder brother. His testimony on a second journey was that Jesus had brought much peace to his soul, but when he heard that to follow Him meant to endure persecution in the world his enthusiasm cooled.

Women everywhere, almost without exception, are glad to hear the Message, when they once understand what it means, and doubtless some treasure it in their hearts, for when they come across the messenger again, many years afterwards, they ask for certain hymns to be sung, or words to be repeated. The one great standing sorrow and heart's cry of the Jungle Missionary is "Why are these people to be left so long without knowing Jesus died for them 7" What is one itinerant among two millions of people~ Every missionary has a family, even if a floating one, i. e., when the various waifs and protegees are put into homes or boarding schools. Their support has to be found and holidays arranged for, so the floating family is by far the most difficult to manage, especially when one has no fixed home. The moral state of the country precludes the foster mother from any domestic assistance by the elder girls; they are only safe in homes or as married women. Still it is the opinion of this Jungle Missionary that we are more likely to make stalwart Christians by living alongside of them than by gathering them in large buildings, away from their homes, for training so different from their village life.

The Jungle Missionary needs to know a bit of every trade and science under the sun, to be ready-witted, grounded and settled on God, with all possible education, and one "too good for the work" has never yet been found; nor can the most devoted wish for a better or fuller life.

for Chinese

From an Address at the C. I. M. Conference at Swanwick, June, 1924'* BY MISS A. M. ,JOHANNSEN CHILD-LIFE in Ohina often reminds me of a beautiful garden, w~ere there are flowers of every description. There are some brIght of hue, and of great beauty; others not so beautiful, but full of fragrance. Te find others soft and sweet, others very prickly, full of thorns, but none the less attractive. Some thrive in the sunshine, others only come to' .–__________~_…, perfection in the shade. Some grow slowly, but steadily, others need constant pruning. But to all who have eyes to see the beauty in the child, and hearts to understand the child-m~nd, there is an endless charm about each and all. I have found them quite as interesting and responsive as children at home.

Alas! there are countless children in Ohina who are drooping, yes, even perishing, for lack of care, because they are not in the right soil. It is our part to see that they are brought into a different atmosphere. As their hearts are the same as those of our children at home, they have the same needs. How great those needs are, "OF SUCH IS THE KINGDOM OF HEAVEN" only those who have studied the child-question in Ohina can Know.

There are the little outcasts, girls, who have escaped being drowned, but who are not wanted,and are therefore sent to the Foundling HospitaL There are the millions given awa-y to other families, brought up to be drudges in the household. There are the numbers sold to be slaves, and often for worse purposes. There are boys, who from their very babyhood are taught to bow down to wood and stone, who are brought up in superstition and fear. There are the poor boys, who have to work far beyond their strength, and are old men before they are out of childhood. The great numbers from the better classes, who grow up without any discipline often learn gambling at an early age.

There is nothing in their own religions to help them. Only as 283

far as we can bring them into contact with Him who once became a little child can there be any hope for them, and any promise for the future of Ohina.

For that reason we have established Ghristian schools, which we seek to make strong evangelistic agencies, and where we endeavor to put Christ and His Word first in the curricnlum; schools where we teach that the fear of God is the beginning of wisdom, and where we try, not only to give the children an education, but to lead them to the Author of eternal salvation. The primary and intermediate schools have had a wonderful power for good, and have been the training ground for the Church. They have also made themselves felt in the community because of their strong moral influence. The parents gladly pay higher fees in our mission schools than they would have to pay in the government schools, and many a boy is brought to the mission school as a last resource. They also know that our scholastic standard is higher.

But better than all scholastic attainments is the fact that many get to kno.w Christ. Hearts can be touched by the Gospel and the Spirit of God at any age, but as one studies the question there are certain ages, when it seems that the children are more ready to yield themselves to Christ.

From four till eight years of age, the child brought up in a Christian atmosphere is very responsive, and usually loves Christ in a simple, childlike way, never doubting His love, and thoroughly believes in prayer. I have seen a very small child getting the victory in prayer. I have seen children of four and six years of age joyfully going to Jesus, and telling their parents they were going to Heaven. More remarkable still, I have seen children from heathen homes, who had been only two or three years in the school, being so gripped by the Gospel that, when they were dying, they would bear a bright testimony right to the very end, and the death of one of these little ones, at least, was the meaus of preparing the father to turn to the living God before it was too late.

From nine to thirteen is a far more difficult age, but during those years, hearts are often touched, and many turn from idols to the living God. They learn to confess when they have done wrong, a thing only brought about by Christian influence.

When the age of fourteen to twenty is reached there is often a great change for the better, though occasionally for the worse. As a rule there are many decisions for Christ in the school, and among those who have already left school. At that age nearly all the young people are very responsive to love and reason, and it is most important that we win their confidence. Therefore it counts far more what we are than what we do. Many of the most difficult ones will break down utterly when appealed to in love. Prayer with the children, not only for them, helps over many difficulties. The little ones readily

1925J WORK FOR CHINESE CHILDREN

yield in prayer, and many a time some of the biggest girls have broken down and confessed with tears, when nothing but prayer would have overcome their hard feelings against one another.

Ohristian Endeavor has been a great help in our schools. It makes the young people feel they have to walk carefully. It helps them in their study of the Bible, and often helps them to open their lips in prayer. It is a good training ground for preaching, and many young people have got their first start there. It gives them the missionary spirit, the big boys going out with others for open-air meetings, and the girls buying tracts for the work. It gives them an interest in other mission fields, and several times we have sent money to other countries.

Some of the girls have been trained as nurses or teachers, but the majority have been trained to be Ohristian wives and mothers. They have their faults, but they certainly could not have been what they are, without the training they received in the school.

Many a boy has borne a bright witness for the Lord in his heathen home. One was called "a good apprentice of the missionary" by his vegetarian mother, because, she said, he preached to her all day long, exhorting her to give up her vegetarian vow, and trust in Ohrist Jesus and His cleansing Blood.

Another result is that the children get a thorough knowledge of the Bible. It has been often proved that those who stay with us through the whole course, who give themselves to Ohrist, and get the full benefit, not only of the Bible lessons in the school, but of the systematic Bible study given for the advanced Ohristians, can easily hold their own with the students of the Bible Institute.

Again, another result is that they learn to consider others, and not to live for themselves, to give, even to the point of sacrifice. At a O. E. missionary collection one young girl gave her only dollar, which cost her a great deal. When building our new church, the children not only worked hard to earn some money for it, but gave up their allowance of meat (a weekly treat), and taught us a lesson in self-denial. Five years ago the boys saved a little baby girl, and cared for her for three years or more.

Among the hindrances in our work for the young people of Ohina, one is the great poverty. Many of the Ohristians are not able to put their children in school. Another difficulty is, that there are so many free, and half-free, government schools, that it is often difficult to get pupils. The Ohinese are striving for a Western education, but never before has there been so much opposition to Salvation. Lawlessness is abroad everywhere, and its spirit is making itself felt even in smaller schools and mission schools. Waves of anti-Ohristian feeling have swept through many of the government schools and colleges. The New Thought Movement and Modernism are ruining many of the higher educational institutions of the dif-

ferent missions. Japan is flooding China with unhealthy fiction and unclean books of every sort, which are poisoning the minds of the young people, and we have to watch every book that is brought into the school.

There is an increasing tendency to engage girls to outside families, for the sake of getting richer homes. The boys often are apprenticed to heathen masters, and cannot come to any of the services for years.

We need the right kind of teachers who have a supreme love for Christ, and will always put Him first, who will yield their all, and hold nothing back. We want those who will not be teachers only, but lovers of souls, eager to serve the least of these, thus following in the footsteps of Him who pleased not Himself. And we need Chinese Christian teachers, who will be willing to give their time and talents to God's service. School work is exacting work for the Chinese teacher, often a rather thankless task, and nearly always badly paid.

We need a new vision of the needs of China's children, a heart filled with the compassionate love of Christ, a heart that vrill not be satisfied, until He is able to gather many of the lambs to His bosom, and to make a host of young people vessels meet for His use. That is not an easy task. It will take our best talents, our most earnest endeavor. Someone has said: "The conversion of China will cost the Church her treasures, the Colleges their brightest ornaments, and the Missions the lives of their best men; and unless we are willing for all that, we had better give it up." But we cannot give it up, for the millions of young people in China are the souls for whom Christ died and whom He is waiting to save.

It is only on our knees the victory is won. Do you realize that the intercessory missionary at home is quite as· necessary as the working missionary in China ~ God grant that many young lives may be laid on the altar for His service, and that all of you who are the Lord's remembrancers may not keep silent, but give Him no rest, until He make many of China's young people a praise and glory to His Name.

Spirit of Unity in Home Missions*

BY REV. LEMUEL OALL BARNES, D.D., NEW YORK I N A brief study of "The Growing Spirit of Unity in Home Mis- sions" two or three principles must be taken for granted. First, there are few things on earth more obviously wicked than is wasteful competition among agencies created by the churches for breaking up the virgin sod and planting the garden of God on the great new continent of North America.

Second, denominations of Christians who care more for personal loyalty to Christ and personal liberty in following Him than they .do for mechanistic devices of any kind, ecclesiastical, ritual or metaphysical, denominations which have grown strong and powerful through such loyalty and liberty, will never surrender them to any academic theory of church union.

Third,· whatever may be the goal of other bodies, a Council of Missions is concerned not with ecclesiastical maneuvers nor with speculative ideals: it is concerned wholly with concert of .action in planting the garden of God.

a Each of these assumptions appeals for an extended exposition, instead of single dogmatic sentence. But, granting the infallibility of the three sentences, they plunge us at once into the actual facts concerning growing concert·of action in home missions.

In the present state of existence spirits are seen only as they are embodied. Therefore, we see the Growing Spirit of Unity in Home Missions, first and mainly, as it is embodied.

THE GROWING EMBODIMENT OF UNITY Home Missions have been conducted in America for three hundred years and in a distinctly organized way for more than one hundred years. On July 3, 1800, the Massachusetts Missionary Society (Congregational) organized the year before, cOIlll)1issioned Adoniram Judson, Sr., as a missionary to the wilderness settlements of Vermont. When he came home and told the story of thrilling missionary vicissitudes on that American frontier, his namesake, a wide-eyed adoring son, twelve years of age, was filled and fired with a missionary ideal which later took him and others with him to be the first American missionaries to Asia. Adoniram Judson, Jr., becoming a Baptist on the way, led that denomination as a whole to organize for missions. In this epoch-making history God caused both Home and Foreign Missions and two denominations to cooperate. But the denominations did not like it and in the process called each other hard names.

• From an address delivered at Atlantio City before the Home Missions Conference. 287

For more than one hundred years organized Home Missions cooperated only when compelled by overruling Providence or, now and then, here and there, by an uprush of the Holy Spirit, which the most indurated sectarianism could not always suppress.

It was not until seventeen years ago that the Spirit of Unity in Home Missions became incarnated. Administrators of the great boards, like Charles L. Thompson (Presbyterian), Hubert C. Herring (Congregational) and Henry L. Morehouse (Baptist)-to mention only three who have since joined the Ohurch Triumphant-led in the creation of the Home Missions Oouncil. In March, 1908, half a dozen national boards organized this Council, thus inaugurating a new era in Home Mission unity. Today forty boards of twentyseven denominations comprise it.

The Oouncil of Women for Home Missions started in 1908 with nine boards and now has twenty cooperating boards. It was a great hour in Home Mission history when these two Oouncils were born.

Less conspicuous, but hardly less significant, has been the Growing Spirit' of Unity between the two Oouncils. It is betraying no secret frankly to admit that often before the Councils were organized the denominational societies of the whole Ohurch and the societies of women fell into the preposterous attitude of being competitors. Locally, they sometimes do so yet. But the national leaders have set a firm face against that attitude. The two' Oouncils are furnishing a prophetic, commanding example. Most of the work of the two is done now by "Joint Oommittees."

Another growing embodiment of the Spirit of Unity is in regional concerted action.

In 1911 a committee of the Home Missions Council, the "Neglected-Fields Survey Committee" held in fifteen western states conferences of state Rome Mission leaders of all denominations. State organizations were formed for the purpose of joint study of conditions. Several of those organizations have continued to the present, some of them 'with growing efficiency. State leaders were discovered and developed, deeply devoted to the principle of concerted action. Those state organizations gathered a large array of telling facts.

Before those days the only state organization was in Maine, where, since 1890, five denominations had been working efficiently in concert. In more than one great reform that easternmost state has set a pace for the nation.' "As goes Maine so goes the nation."

But the strenuous West had not as yet followed that eastern example in Rome Mission cooperation. A year and a half after the first western deputation of the Home Missions Council a second was commissioned. Four denominations, which have been particularly active in frontier mission work, provided the same men, Hubert C. Herring, Ward Platt, George Ernest McAfee and the writer.

1925J THE SPIRJT OF UNITY IN HOME MISSroNS

Other denominations furnished enthusiastic coadjutors. The findings of "The Neglected-Fields Survey" were studied in the second series of state conferences and their significance was pressed home.

In 1918, on the basis of information and spirit previously developed, the Home Missions Council offered to help some western state to put into operation a plan of thoroughgoing concert of action. Montana was the first to accept the offer. No wonder, for it was Montana which, by the ten tests of the Sage Foundation, stood highest of any state in the country in public education. In the summer of 1919 representatives of all the Protestant denominations in the state spent two weeks together in spirit study, map and field study of the state. In reaching conclusions, they were aided by the Council's deputation, especially by Dr. Anthony and Dr. Burton. The result was the organization of the Montana Home Missions Council and the allocation of every community in that immense commonwealth to the special care of some denomination. The method was not exclusive but inclusive.. It did not move in the realm of ecclesiastical negatives but wholly in the realm of missionary positives. For five years it has worked as well as anything can work in our highly complex world and in spheres which are complicated tenfold more by traditions dearer to people than life itself. The head of the Protestant Episcopal Church of Montana, Bishop F. W. Faber, has been from the start one of the most helpful spirits in the state, and, at the opposite extreme of ecclesiastical polity, the State Secretary of the Baptist Churches, G. Clifford Cress, has been from the beginning the efficient Secretary of the Montana Home Missions Council.

This "Every-Community Service" plan had been printed by the national Home Missions Council before the formation of the Interchurch W orId Movement was broached by anyone. It cheerfully chimed in with that Movement, but was neither swallowed up by it nor turned aside. After two years, three other states called for the Montana plan and put it in operation. The next year, 1924, two more states did likewise, so that seven far western states now are well org.anized. In the East, Vermont, on a plan of its own, has joined Maine. In addition to the nine states in which the denominations are moving together strongly in Home Missions, a number of other states have methods more or less effective in the coordination of home Inission work. Thus the Spirit of Unity in Home Missions is becoming well embodied regionally as well as nationally. The regional embodiment is more difficult to bring to pass and is all the more significant. That is now under headway for wide adoption. Its greatest danger of delay is the temptation for it to undertake a lot of other good things beside missions and so to break down under a complicated burden.

In the outlying home mission fields, the West Indies, the prin- 3

ciple of cooperation has been carried further than it has in the States. In Porto Rico coordination began with the occupation of the country by the United States. Zones of denominational responsibility were allocated in 1899. For years a joint religious paper has been published which commands a larger circulation than that of any other periodical of any sort in the island, a land commonly given to fleshly things instead of such seriousness as that. A feature still more marked is the joint seminary for ministerial training. This is one of the most advanced steps taken anywhere.

These long-tested and highly successful joint undertakings prove that the method of allocation of territory, deeply discounted by some swivel-chair cooperationists, instead of retarding other forms of concerted action, effectually promotes them. A quarter of a century of demonstration is worth millenniums of speculation.

In Santo Domingo the whole work is jointly conducted by five Protestant Mission Boards.

The real magnitude of the growing embodiment of the Spirit of Unity in Home Missions would not be noted if no mention were made of its rapid growth within denominations as well as between them. In most of the great communions this growth has been taking place lately at a record-breaking pace. It is part of the present great sweep of events in the Kingdom of Heaven on earth. It would be quite pertinent to describe that recent history in denomination after denomination. In some cases it has been almost a miracle of grace and the~e is more to follow.

Nearly two hundred years of Home Mission activity without organic cooperation even within denominations-then one hundred years of exclusively denominational organisms-now, in less than a score of years, sixty denominational Boards have entered into organic, intimate cooperation! With such geometrical progress, something worth while is coming to pass.

Were we strict pragmatists we might stop here. But that word "Spirit" lures us beyond and within. There are mental and, if you please, sentimental factors which are essential in this growing unity.

GROWING MENTAL CONSENT TO UNITY This, of necessity, underlies the growing embodiment of unity. This is so obvious that we need only note it with gratitude. In 1908 I read a paper on cooperation in missions at a conference of some twenty national and regional Baptist missionary leaders. The presentation of that subject by a new Secretary was cautious and mild in its proposals, but even so, only three of the men present stood with me. Today not more than three out of twenty leaders among us would be against it. In 1918 (only ten years later) the whole. Northern Baptist Convention voted without one dissenting voice to instruct the officers of its Home Mission Society to push the

THE SPIRIT OF UNITY IN HOME MISSIONS

"Every-Community Service Endeavor "-a plan much more thoroughgoing than anything proposed in 1908. Let this instance suggest a wide, slowly moving, irresistible avalanche of mental consent to growing unity in Home Missions.

THE INNER HEART OF UNITY This is something deeper than merely mental consent. When the " Neglected-Fields Survey" deputation met in Chicago to start on its second tour of western states that heaven-spirited Methodist, Ward Platt, sa,id: "It was so blessed to do it together a year and a half ago that I couldn't stay away this time." As we stood in a circle of prayer, with arms on each other's shoulders like a baseball team interlocked to cheer the opposing team, we were one in heart. We trusted each other. No man feared that one of the others would take partisan advantage. Faith in God and faith in each other is the secret of the Growing Spirit of Gnity in Home Missions.

We must take seriously the proposals of the Committee on Cooperation in states and other areas. We can guarantee, in the light of history, that so doing will secure solid advance. Between ten and fifteen thousand communities in the United States have no evangelical church whatever or have only one church. Commonly, that one church is without adequate equipment. On these unquestionably needy fields concerted concentration of Board action is perfectly feasible. It requires immediate planning for{t4e near future. Such direction of energy will incidentally answer all cavilers at Home Missions and it will call into ardent action unlimited resourcesresources both human and divine.

The nineteenth century had a necessary and worthy watchword – " Occupy strategic fields." Today there is a new and holy slogan -" SERVE EVERY COMMUNITY. "

WHAT AN "EVERY-COMMUNITY SERVICE" PROGRAM WOULD DO STRENGTHEN 5,000 WEAK CHURCHES WHERE THEY STAND ALONE. ESTABLISH CHURCHES IN 5,000 COMMUNITIES WHERE NONE EXIST. UNITE 10,000 OR MORE FEEBLE CHURCHES INTO 5,000 STRONGER CHURCHES, BRING THE GOSPEL OF CHRIST WITHIN REACH OF MULTITUDES NOW DESTITUTE. EXHIBIT THE SPIRIT OF CHRIST WHERE NOW ANTI-CHRISTIAN RIVALRY EXISTS. MARE MORE EFFECTIVE THE TES'rIlliQNY OF 'rHE CHURCH TO NON- CHRISTIANS. ANSWER EFFECTIVELY MANY ·JUST CRITICISMS MADE CONCERNING HOME MISSIONS. ENLIST NEW SUPPORTERS OF HOME MISSION, WI'l'H NEW ZEAL. HASTEN THE COMPLETION OF CHRIST'S PROGRAM ]<'OR ALL MANKIND. INAUGURATE A NEW DAY IN HOME MISSION WORK.

Masahisa U emura-The

Spurgeon A Sketch of the Eminent Christian, Pastor, Author and Ewucator nA N EMINENT Christian Japanese author, pastor, educator, and administrator, recently passed away in Tokyo. He was a higl11y educated man whose theological library Dr. John Kelman declared to be the best selected he had ever seen in any pastor's home. This Christian pastor, Dr. Masahisa Uemura, was so reticent about himself that until very recently no sketch of his life had appeared. He yielded, however, to the entreaty of Mr.

Galen Fisher, the American Y. M.

C. A. secretary in Tokyo, so that Mr. Fisher was able to give some salient points of Dr. Demma's career in his book, "Creative Forces in Japan." This sketch throws sidelights on the stuff of which Japanese Christian leaders are made.

Masahisa Demura was born in 1857. His father was a samurai of high rank in the Tokugawa clan, but was reduced to penury at the downfall of the clan at the Res- toration. :H'ired with ambition to restore the family fortunes, at fif- teen the boy entered a school MASAHISA UEMURA conducted by the Presbyterian missionary James Ballagh in Yokohama.

The family were Shintoists and young Masahisa devoutly wor- shiped at the shrine of a blacksmith who had risen to be a soldier and patriot. The young lad prayed that he might rise to prominence in like manner. But his fellow-students ridiculed the lad's piety, and before long he stopped paying visits to the shrine. One day he learned from Mr. Ballagh that Westerners also worshiped, but believed in oilly one God. This greatly impressed and astonished him and he immediately accepted the idea. Later, however, after he began to study theology, gTave doubts arose to trouble him.

At this time his ambitions radically changed. He no longer cared to become a high official, but in a short time felt a desire to 292 be a Christian minister. His parents, of course, objected to his receiving baptism, and he postponed it for several months. Five years. Jater, however, they too were baptized, and even though the Edict boards against Christianity were still hanging, there was no official persecution.

At the age of twenty-one, in 1878, the young Uemura entered an English college opened by the missionary Dr. Samuel Rollins Brown. The tuition was ten yen ($5.00) a month, equivalent to fifty yen now, and the student did all sorts of work to earn expenses.

His chief reliance was a school of his own where he taught fifty classes of one pupil each, from one until ten 0 'clock in the after- noon. He also raised pigs-then considered rather disgraceful-and he found that their chief virtues are that they need to be fed only twice a day and they turn everything they eat into cash I When the college was moved to Tokyo to become the forerunner of the pres- ent Meiji Gakuin, Mr. Uemura went with it and finished the course.

After graduation he took charge of a church in a poor part of Tokyo and earned his own living, so the church was self-supporting from the first. Then he began to preach in friends' houses in the better residential quarter and in 1887 a chapel was built. As the church had only twenty members, the pastor continued to earn his living by translating for magazines and teaching theology at Meiji Gakuin. Finally, in 1903, some missionaries objected to his using tV. N. Clarke's" Christian Theology, " so that he resigned in 1904 and started an independent theological school. Three years later a converted stockbroker gave the school a site and building with a small endowment. This school has continued ever since to have twenty or thirty students.

The Fukuin Shimpo (Gospel News) was started by Pastor Uemura as a Japanese B'ritish TVeekly and from the first he was editor and business manager. .

In 1888 Mr. Uemura went to America and England. Declining scholarships at Columbia and Princeton, he went to London where for five months he listened to Charles H. Spurgeon, Joseph Parker and James Martineau, and read many books. On his return to Japan Dr. Uemura again took up his church work.

For many years he has been the foremost figure in the "Nihon Kirisuto Kyokai" (Church of Christ in Japan). Although blunt and brusque in manner he was known to be sincere and loyal to the truth as he saw it. When the issue arose involving the independence of the Japanese Church from the Missions, he led the assault and carried the day. His living monument is the Fujimicho Church, of which he has been pastor ever since its foundation, nearly forty years ago. This church pulses with outgoing life, for it is a mother of churches and a breeder of ministers. It embraces rich and poor, officials and ex-convicts, many of whom are brought to it through

the work of Miss Oaroline Macdonald and Miss West. The congregation spends little on itself and much on extension. Its pulpit is life-building, for the sermons are expository and searching. .

In 1922 Pastor Uemura, as permanent chairman of the National Board of Missions of his denomination, was sent to America and Scotland, on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the Nihon Kirisuto Kyokai, to express thanks to the churches abroad for the missionaries who planted the Ohurch in Japan.

In few if any countries can a man be found who has spanned the entire history of a denomination, having been a leading factor in its evangelistic, literary, educational, and administrative activities, and remain at sixty-eight the most dynamic, sagacious personality in its ranks.

Dr. Galen M. Fisher, for some years the American Executive Secretary of the Y. M. O. A. in Japan, writes: Dr. Demura was a remarkable combination of intellectual with mystical and poetic elements. His poetic gift accounted for the unexpected flashes of wit and insight which marked many of his sermons and addresses. When his addresses lapsed into mediocrity, this could be attributed to ill health, for he was an invalid during many years. Only by the exercise of titanic will power did he force himself to carry the work of two or three ordinary men t Weakness and pain also caused occasional failures to meet speaking engagements. His likes and dislikes were very pronounced but differences of opinion never seemed to affect cordial relations with those whom he respected. His tongue, at times, was sharp as a rapier. Sham and formalism he despised. For Christ and His Kingdom he spent himself to the uttermost. He was indeed a prince and a ruler in the Church in Japan for more than a generation.

Dr. Demura was generally considered conservative in theology, although he might probably more properly be termed a progressive evangelical. He was particularly devoted to the Scotch theologians and read practically everything by them, whether in books or periodicals. His aversion to traveling abroad was due in part to ill health and in part to unwillingness to leave, even for a few months, the many enterprises dependent upon him.

About a year after the great earthquake, which injured but did not destroy Dr. Uemura 's church, he moved into a new house that some friends had erected for him in Tokyo. He had not been long in his new home when a sudden attack of apoplexy, perhaps attended by heart failure, caused his death on January 8, 1925. The funeral was held in the Fujimicho church of which he had so long been the pastor, the present building being a temporary barrack structure erected after the earthquake. About 1200 people were present, many coming from distant parts of the country.

Dr. Uemura had gripped so many things in his hands, and was for so long a time the center around which the whole church moved, that his people will find it difficult to move forward: without him. The general sentiment, however, is optimistic, and, under a more democratic regime, the church may make more real and rapid progress.

from Recent Financial

BY REV. JAY S. STOWELL, NEW YORK AUTlIOR's NOTE:-The following article was written at the request of the editor. It is based upon a study of the experiences of a number of the larger and some of the smaller denominations which ha,ve waged special campaigns for benevolent funds during the past five or six years. It is by no means oomprehensive and it lays no olaim to infallibility.

MANY sorts of financial "campaigns" have been waged by mission boards in recent years. Some were conceived with the idea of launching a great new missionary advance; others were undertaken merely to avoid retreat during the period of strain and the reduced purchasing power of money brought about by the WorId War. Some were made to include the regular operating budgets, while others were for special items largely outside of regular items. Some solicited only large gifts from individual givers; others sought pledges from all members of local congregations; and still others sought pledges from local churches and groups of churches rather than from individuals. Some campaigns were for periods of five years; others covered shorter periods. In some cases the period of the formal campaign is completed; in other cases the time covered by the pledges is ilot yet terminated.

Because of these varied conditions many factors are hardly comparable, and conclusions drawn may not be borne out by the experience of all denominations. However, there have been enough common factors to lead us to venture the following observations: 1. There is no short curt to permanent progress. The idea that a denomination can in one great united effort over a brief period be raised to a much higher permanent standard of missionary interest and giving has not been borne out by experience. .Abiding results are not built upon spectacular advertising or spasmodic efforts, but rather upon the regular processes of missionary education, the practice of Christian stewardship and the deepening of spiritual life and missionary conviction. The denominations which have made the most consistent progress have been those that have relied upon and strengthened the regular educational processes. "Crises" and threatened calamities quickly lose their appeal. The law of diminishing returns soon begins to operate, and, though the "wolves" may be real ones the people will, after a time, not turn out to fight them off.

2. The five-year pledge is a mistake. That is particularly true in cases where the pledge includes the maintenance of work already under way. It is not so conspicuously apparent when the pledges are for large amounts for specific items outside of the regular maintenance items. It seems difficult to extend one burst of enthusiasm 295

over a period of five years. The payment of long term pledges tends to become irksome and the end of the period is reached with no satisfactory foundation or adequate provision for extending a going program into the ensuing period. The five-year pledge tends to a feeling of false security which stultifies the normal educational and promotional activities of missionary agencies and local churches as well.

3. Nothing can take the place of the missiowary motive in the giving of missionary money. There seems to be little question that under special pressure some individuals pledged beyond their convictions, with consequent unhappy results. Some wanted to help their denomination do a big thing or to put their local cliurch "over the top." In other cases churches entered the campaign with the implicit or explicit understanding that they would receive generous appropriations in return. Dissatisfaction has later arisen. Such an aftermath would not have ensued had the giving been from purely unselfish missionary motives.

a 4. Regular, systematic, proportionate giving on the weekly basis, as result of an every-metnber canvass promoted annually in the l'ooal churches, is a foundation stone of success. The very life of the missionary enterprise today depends upon the systematic giver, and the extension of the enterprise depends upon increasing the number of such givers. The annual every-member canvass for benevolences has come into its own and one of the incidental benefits of the process has been the placing of local church finance upon a much firmer basis than it has ever before been. Many churches, however, do not yet give adequate attention to the presentation of the needs for benevolence in connection with their every-member canvass plans.

5. The mission boards are the creatures of the churches-not their masters; and the missionary enterprise is the churches' enterjJr'ise. Missionaries and mission board secretaries inevitably see the field and its needs more vividly than do the workers in local churches and it is incumbent upon the missionaries and the secretaTies to present those needs to church members as clearly and effectively as possible. There comes a time, however, when the mission board secretary must recognize that he is but the representative of the churches, and, though it break his heart, he can move forward only so faT as the cooperation of the churches warrants. In the last analysis the missionary program must be integrated in the program of district and state ecclesiastical representatives, and of pastors in local churches and it must depend for its supporting leadership upon the regular ecclesiastical organization of the church. It must be a vital paTt of the regular program-not something "added on." 6. The faith of the churches in the wisdom and business integ-

LESSONS FROM REG'ENT FINANCIAL CAMPAIGNS

1"ity of their mission boards is funda1nental. Mission boards will doubtless always have their critics. Church members also are inclined to exact higher standards of their benevolent agencies than they tolerate in government affairs, in public business, or even in independent benevolent enterprises. In spite of that fact mission boards cannot safely engage in courses of conduct which will decrease the confidence of the churches iu them. Suspicion, once aroused, will continue long after the occasion for it has disappeared.

7. The varimts mission boards of a denomination must do team work in promoting missionary interest and giving. The importance of some central coordinating agency within a given denomination seems to have become fairly well established, although just what the functions of such an agency should be is not quite so clear. There is little desire to return to the former competitive system of approaching the churches. On the other hand it is increasingly clear that the work of promoting missionary interest and giving must rest primarily upon the boards that spend the money and are in the most intimate touch with the needs of the field rather than upon any purely promotional agency. Other things being equal, the best promoter of interest is the missionary himself and the second best is the mission board secretary, or other denominational agent who is responsible for the spending of missionary money as well as for its collection.

8. The man in the pew must be reached. Perhaps the most talked-of man in religious circles in recent years is that illusive individual known as "the last man in the last church." Noone knows better than mission board secretaries that in spite of all efforts he is still an unreaehed man. We have depended upon the pastor and the every-member canvasser to carry the message and we have supplemented their efforts with lantern slides, leaflet literature, periodicals and other devices. In spite of that fact the real missionary appeal has never had a fair chance at a large number of church members. In certain of the smaller denominations relatively greater success has been achieved, but in the larger groups we are still awaiting the genius who can devise a plan for actually reachiug "the last man in the last church."

9. Concrete facts and situations make a stl"Onger appeal than comprehensive statements of a genera~ program. As a whole the carefully formulated terminology chosen to designate the comprehensive missionary program of an entire denomination has gripped neither the heart nor the imagination as it was thought that it might. It has even tended to create the impression that such a program stands for something in itself, somewhat different aud apart from the regularly organized and going work conducted by the mission boards. On the other hand the appeal of concrete need is perennial and effective.

10. All missionary work is closely inter-related and the present organization of benevolent agencies within a denomination does not represent any clear cut demarkation of work or resp·onsibility. Many factors have been operating to. bring about this situation. Home missions, which at one time was conceived largely in terms of adult evangelism, has now become fundamentally a program of religious education with millions of dollars invested each year in its educa- tional phases, yet, in many denominations the religious education work of the church is still organized separately from its home mis- sion activity. Foreign missions has discovered that its real success is determined almost more in A.merica than in what happens abroad, and both home and foreign missions have seen more clearly than ever before that they are absolutely dependent upon the leadership developed and trained by the educational agencies. The further we go the more does it appear that denominational benevolent .agen- cies are engaged in the one common task of ministering to a needy world in the name of Jesus Christ and in leading men to accept Him as Lord and Master. * :I(: :1= :I(: Each of the foregoing ten points might easily be elaborated into a chapter, did space permit of illustrations and examples, and then the number of points could easily be doubled. However, so far as this article is concerned, we will leave the reader to do his own elaborating and to draw any further lessons.

We have passed through a most unusual period in the history of missionary benevolences. Not only have our methods of missionary promotion been affected, but our very conception of the nature of the missionary task itself has been changing. It would be a foolhardy man indeed who would undertake to predict what changes in missionary organization, program and method will be witnessed in the next twenty-five years. There is abundant evidence that we are moving and with considerable rapidity. Without doubt the movement itself is an evidence of the vitality of the missionary enterprise. Some mistakes have been made, but how could it have been otherwise when so many untrodden paths were opening up before us 7 The grossest of these errors have, however, been small indeed compared to the mistakes made in other fields of activity during the same period. In no case has there been a suggestion of conscious wrong on the part of those entrusted with the direction of our missionary program. The greatest mistake of all would have been to sit still and do nothing. Fortunately the church leaders did not make that mistake.

the Mission Boards Must Do*

Making Denominational Foreign Mission Programs BY REV. RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER" D.D., NEW YORK Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church I T IS becoming increasingly clear that any program adopted by any foreign mission board or any group of boards in America at the present time must be acceptable at least in its method to the great majority of the people in our churches. The day is past when we can adopt resolutions or frame a program and expect that mere adoption will mean acceptability in our churches. Those who are concerned with the so-called cultivation of the home base are confronted today by what may be called "the rising consciousness of the churches in America."

In order that any denominational program of foreign mission effort may become an expression of the normal Christian life of our people and our churches, it must in future be promoted throughout our denominations, not so much in a series of speeches, as in a series of round table conferences for the interchange of opinion and the reaction of mind upon mind until it is accepted.

Therefore, what I have to say is dependent upon that method of procedure. For this reason, in the conference this afternoon on this very subject, the program has been left without any designated speakers. It will be an open conference in which Mission Board secretaries, women, laymen and missionaries will endeavor to think together on some of the problems that face us in our future denominational missionary programs.

Here there is time only to outline what is in my own mind with reference to the foreign mission situation in the decade ahead of us.

I. First, the foreign mission boards must lead in a neW and continual study of the foreign mission motive. This is fundamental. Our methods of work throughout the world, our approach to our home constituencies, our relationship to national Christians, in fact, our whole program will depend upon the motive of our foreign mission effort.

There was a time when people were moved chiefly by the command that the Gospel must be preached in the whole world, and many today are actuated by this worthy motive. Once, compassion and pity, especially to save people from" the wrath to come," was the compelling motive for the preaching of the Gospel to the non- Christian world. Some are still moved by that incentive.

There was a time when the desire to be of service to the world was a very compelling motive to many, and this is still true. As one to From an address at the Washington Foreign Missions Convention. 299

of our national Christians has said, the service motive is sometimes tinged with what he called" an offensive superiority complex" that makes it difficult for that kind of motive to succeed.

Today it seems that we must have accepted a motive that rests squarely upon Christian love. This love recognizes the inherent value of every man throughout the world in his own right, not be- cause of any country or race or color, but because through his nos- trils there is breathed the breath of the living God. In preaching Jesus Christ to every creature and to all creation we are releasing forces sometimes unknown to the world, forces that can cooperate with us in establishing the worldwide brotherhood of righteousness and love.

This is the only motive that will satisfy the leaders who are now arising in the new churches of non-Christian lands, who desire in their own way to help bring in a Christ world.

The responsibility for the study of these motives and for pro- claiming them to our churches rests upon the foreign mission boards.

We must proceed in all of our educational and programizing proc- esses with this very fundamental responsibility definitely in mind.

II. In the second place, the facts show that there are still many unoccupied regions and many millions of people who have not yet one witness of Jesus Christ. Any adequate foreign mission program must take into account these untouched groups. In times past we have programized these untouched groups almost entirely in terms of geography as "unoccupied territory." While we must keep in mind these neglected fields, especially the hinterlands of South America, of Asia and of Africa, yet we should realize that when the geographical frontiers are taken, it will amount to little if the minds of the people are still closed against us, and if whole groups in the so-called open countries have not been reached with the gospel message. In other words, our "unoccupied territory"

has become more than territory. The unreached groups and non- Christian phases of social living must be won for Jesus Christ. Our noblest young men and women must go forth to preach the Gospel, so that it will touch with new life all groups of men and all phases of human living. .

III. A third factor in an adequate foreign mission program for a denomination is akin to the second. The time has come when the foreign mission boards must make it an avowed part of their program to make all our contacts with the non-Christian world Christian. I mean that it is the concern of foreign mission boards that our race relations shall be Christian, and that race prejudice in America and throughout the world shall be eliminated. It is of concern to us to know whether the governments, in their mandates, exploit the weaker peoples of the world. It is of prime concern to us to see that in our industrial and political contacts throughout the

1925J WHAT THE MISSmN BOAIWS MUST' DO

world the Gospel of Jesus shall be predominant and preeminent, and that these contacts shall be Christian.

It is well-nigh fruitless to send Christ's messengers into the world, if their messages are to be neutralized by these un-Christian contacts. Therefore, I plead that, from now on, we shaH take it as a legitimate, normal part of our foreign mission program in America to insist, with all of our power and with all of the strength of our massed forces, that the agents of so-called Christian nations throughout the world shall be Christian indeed.

IV. In the fourth place-a note that has been sounded many a time in this convention-we must have the cooperation of all the agencies concerned. We certainly cannot make any plans for the unevangelized groups of the world, and face the problem of making all our contacts Christian, unless we approach these groups and these problems in a united way. From this convention let us go to our various boards united on every phase of this work until we make an impact upon the world that is really felt. These cooperative relationships will extend beyond our foreign mission groups, for the program of foreign missions is closely interrelated to our home missionary problem. It is certainly intricately related to the work of our whole system of secular and religious education in America. For instance, what a challenge of Christian opportunity there is in our educational institutions in which there are today hundreds, yes, thousands, of foreign students! What friendliness do they find J We can handle this problem if we will only go about it through the introduction of these students into Christian homes. We ought to be concerned also with the teaching they receive, the philosophy of life presented to them, and the examples of Christian living with which they are surrounded. While we are sending missionaries throughout the world, there go back from our American institutions every year, hundreds of these visiting students from Oriental lands, educated young men and young women who are in a real sense missionaries of what America has to teach and to say.

One of the most important things for the future of foreign missions is that the presidents and the professors of every educational institution in America shall realize that the day for the minimizing of religion and for the ridicule of spiritual life in the classroom and on the campus must be gone and gone forever. There is no justification for thinking that foreign missions is an unrelated problem that stands off to one side. There is no hope of our making an impact upon the complex and closely-knit social world of this day unless it is a definite part of our program that all Christian agencies are linked together in these common tasks.

V. The fifth factor in an adequate program arises out of our relations with the churches in the mission fields. Some plan must be developed in our ecclesiastical politics, as well as in our foreign

mission and social programs, for cooperation with these natio.nal churches. It has been an avowed purpose of foreign missions to go to the mission :fields and help to establish the Church as a Christian agency. Now we realize that we must gradually withdraw ourselves, especially from all administrative positions.

The kind of cooperation referred. to here is not the cooperation of supervision, nor is it attained by withdrawal. There is as much danger in the latter as there is in the former. We must work out, in the basic organization of our church life, a program by which we may cooperate with these rising churches, and link their forces with ours in order that we may bring in the Kingdom of God.

This is one of the most difficult factors in the organization of what is technically called the "Missions" on the :field, and its relation to the groups of national churches. Such a plan of cooperation goes to the very heart of our ecclesiastical life in North America.

It is important also that the churches upon the mission field should understand this point of view. One of the great opportunities of. foreign mission agencies, in a world knit together as we are today, is to promote cooperation between the Japanese churches and the Chinese churches and between the Chinese churches and the Indian churches, and between the Indian churches and the African churches and between the African and the European churches and the Latin American churches.

This is a problem that can be solved by nothing less than a great united movement such as an International Christian Council.

Those who are stUdying the great currents of life around the world and especially the great migrations of peoples, feel, also, that there are points of contact which only the churches of the non- Christian lands can possibly make. Think of East Africa and the Indian migration; of the problems in Argentina and Uruguay and Chile and other Latin American countries with reference to Europe; of the Islands of the South Seas in relation to the Japanese, Indian and Chinese churches. Some are urging the use of Christian Negroes from the West Indies to evangelize the Indian population of Central America. These complicated relationships demand the greatest statesmanship and the most far-sighted policies as we present to our candidates, our missionaries and our ecclesiastical officers throughout the world this great world family conception of the Christian churches, in the world united in a common task.

VI. The last point, which it seems to me is the most important, is a very greatly enlarged conception and a greatly enlarged program of missionary education. Some of us who have been studying these problems for years feel that missionary education has come to a crisis and must be seen in perspective once more in order that it may be related to these needs that are arising in the programizing policies of the boards.

1925J WHAT THE MISSION BOAR,DB MUST DO

There was a time when missionary education consisted largely in telling people about the land, the people, the government, the history, the early missionaries, the present policies and the outlook for Ohristian work. Seven or eight chapters were written uni- formly about all the countries. Many of these facts are now com- mon knowledge, the information being available through many sources. We have corne now to a place where the great missionary enterprise should be related to the great currents of religious thought that are now running through the world, stirring multitudes of people everywhere.

There is a relation between war and foreign missions, and it is for the leaders of the foreign missionary enterprise to interpret that relationship to our people in the greatest missionary education movement that we have ever undertaken.

Race relations have a vital connection with our foreign mission enterprise and we, who are most deeply interested in this problem, must interpret race relations of a Ohristian sort.

We must also study the problems of economic imperialism and not leave that study to some curtained committee in a faraway office. We must bring the facts out in the open so that the mass of public opinion can be brought to bear upon them. Evils must be remedied so that the Ohristian message shall not be neutralized anywhere in the world by these social, industrial and political evils.

Our educational program must also relate foreign missions to the exploitation of natural resources of weaker peoples for private or corporate gain, and to the spread of modern industry. .. The immediate problem is to integrate these great living vital issues with our foreign mission policies and programs.

VII. We must go one point further. Foreign mission agencies have the opportunity to interpret the life of God to the world and especially to those at horne so that He will be to them a Missionary God. Many of our people worship a God who does not lift them beyond their own confines, one not vitally related to race problems and industrial conflicts, and to world-wide international relations. To many He seems to be a God of enlightened self-interest. There is no group in America upon whom the responsibility rests as upon foreign mission students and leaders to interpret the universality of God and the provisions and implications of His Gospel.

It is easily seen that from my point of view the foreign mission task is far from finished. It will not be finished in the coming decade or quarter of a century. It is an enlarging, and ever enlarging program, until the Ohurches of Christ all over the world become united in one common endeavor to establish and maintain justice, peace and good will among all races and nations of men. EDITED BY MRs. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHLENBERG BLDG., PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Editor of the l1"ternational Review of Missions HOSPITALITY AND MISSIONARY ·talk emphasizing the part played by EDUCATION ships in the spreading of the Gospel.

Reported by CORA LEE WILLIAMS Beginning with the story offroCmhrtisht~ Himself, who "pushed out All missionary meetings need not be exactly alike in order to be "ortho- shore in a boat" and taught the peo- dox." One that was a bit different pie, she went on to speak of Paul's and yet very worth while was held missionary journeys and experiences recently in the Presbyterian Church on ships. Then she introduced in of East McKeesport, Pennsylvania. turn the captains who, in graphic The Women's Missionary Society two-minute talks, gave the story of of that church entertained the socie- the ships represented by their tables.

ties of the other churches of the town. Much of the material for these talks The program was divided into two was taken from a leaflet, "Sailing on parts. First, there was a most help- Famous Missionary Ships,' '3 while ful devotional service built on "The other information was gleaned from House of the I~ord's Prayer," 1 by various other leaflets, from the MIR- Amos R. Well", and a pa!!,eant, "Two SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, and Masters. "2 dt'nominational magazines and books.

The second part of the program Among the ships represented were: was conducted in the dining room. The twin boats" The Lois" and "The The guests were invited to take a sail Lindsay," that have done such wonand were given tiny cardboard cu~ derful work in Alaskan waters, under outs of ships as tickets. The fourteen the Board of National Missions of tables, each representing a ship, were the Presbyterian Church. The story decorated in different colors. The of the recent destruction of "The tickets corresponded in color to the Lois" and the furnishing by Mrs.

ships on which various passengers Harding and Mrs. John Grier Hib- were to sail and a captain from the ben, of Princeton, of a new boat to hostess church was in command of be known as "The Warren G. Hardeach ship. The passengers readily ~ng" to take its place, was of thrilling found their captains by the colors mterest.

corresponding to the tickets and "The Southern Cross," furnished were conducted to the dining room. for the use of Bishop Patteson from Each table had for a centerpiece a the proceeds of the sale of a book toy sailboat, loaned by a local store written by his cousin, Charlotte and fitted up with a pennant bear~ Yonge, and "The Day Spring, " i~g the name of a missionary ship. known as the "White Winged Mes-.

LIttle boats, folded by the Juniors, senger of Mercy to the Hebrides"

from kindergarten paper (}f corre- brought out interesting incidents. '

sponding shades, served as candy No one present could fail to catch holders and place cards. the note of heroic consecration After the guests were seated the in the story of " The Allen Gardiner. "

captain of the flagship, acting as 'fhen there was "The Harmony" of toastmaster, gave an introductory which the Moravian poet, James 304

BEST METHODS

Montgomery, writes, and the wonder- our disposal, but there are various ful work it made possible on the Lab- substitutes all the way down to the rador Coast. window of the little village store which might be available occasionally One captain impersonating Cap- for such an exhibit if a committee tain Luke Biekel piloted her hearers representing the churches made rethrough the Inland Sea of J a.pan, quest for it. visiting the" 1000 Isle Parish." Another ma.de very real the story of Chriat-Into-All-Natlona on Fourth "The Duff" and her famous eaptain, Avenue, New York James Wilson. By WILLIAM E. LEIDT, The meeting not only afforded a Assistant Educatil)nal Seeretaxy, Departdelightful opportunity for closer fellowship among the women ilf'the vari- ment of Missions ous churches in a devotional program of real spiritual values, but attrac- Fourth Avenue, New York, is the tively furnished a great dealef vale center of the silk trade of the coun- try. 'J:'he pedestrian passes shop after A MISSIONA!l.Y EXHIBIT ~'OR NEW YORK PEDESTRIANS Antong the constant .streamo'f Fourth Avenue pedestrians there are many who stop to look at the windows which are different "from all the other'S. Frequently observers become sufficiently interested to go -inside in search ot turther information.

uable and inspiring missionary shop displaying lustrous silks of information. many hues and exceeding beauty. Yet, hardly a passer-by stops to study 1 "The House of the Lord's Prayer," by or even admire the beauties of the Amos R. Wells. Price, 400. Published by silk loom. At the corner of Twenty- Westminster Press. second Street the procession of silks is broken, and before this window, 2 "Two Masters." a pageant published by whether it is seven o'clock in the Board of Foreign MI…1005 ()f Presbyterian morning or in the evening there is Church, 156 Fifth Ave., N. Y. C. Price. 10c. always some one loitering, peering in- tently through the pane. After the a "Sailing on Famous Mjssionary Ships," pub· passer-by has examined the exhibit, Usbed by Literature Headquarters, Women's he frequently glances up at the win- Missionary Society of the United Lutheran dow itself and there across the top Church in America. 723 Muhlenberg Building, he reads: Philadelphia. Pa. Price. 5c. ~RE NATIONAL COUNCIL MISSIONARY READINGS FOR OFTRE RUNNERS PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHUROH We quote frequently "he who runs In the three windows-two facing may read," but we are not as alert Fourth Avenue and one, Twentyas we might be in the preparation of second Street-of the Church Mismissionary reading lessons for runners. The Protestant Episcopal Church is using an opportunity in_a way that should be very suggestive to others. Not all of us have plate glass windows of Fourth Avenue stores at 4

sions House, the headquarters of the One exhibit was of our work among Episcopal Church, are maintained the Southern Highlanders-pictures exhibits of the Church's Mission, both and handwork showing the life in the at home and abroad. Here for him, Southern Mountains and something who reads and runs, are displayed of the cottage industries, leaflets depictures, books, charts, objects, curi- scribing the Church's work there, ous and interesting, and maps of the with an illustrated chart listing the places where the Church is at work newest and best books on the High- -China, Japan, Latin-America, Li- landers. beria, Alaska, the Philippine Islands, A teacher in a near-by school saw Hawaii, the Mountains of the South, this exhibit and sent all her pupils IDI~ide the large win- dows of the Church Mis- sions House on Fourtb Avenue, New York. Is a striking and interesting missionary exhibit. Mis- sions in Alaska, the Philippines. Haw a I I • China, Japan, Latin Amer1ca, Liberia are visual1zooby pictures, maps, books, charts and objects illustrative or customs and religions.

The exhibit· is changed before the interest lags nnd missionary pictures and plans make a pleas- ing variation among window after window along Fourth Avenue, displaying only silks. There is also an attrac – toacope which throws on a screen colored slides of the work of the church.

and among the Indians, the Negroes, to study it and to obtain and read a the Foreign-Born, and others. copy of the leaflet displayed, as a part of their work in geography and These exhibits attract more than history: A bookseller saw it and passing notice. When a new display noticed that a book which he had on is put in the window from five to the Southern Mountains was not fifteen persons a day come into the listed. He immediately wrote to the Educational Division of the Depart- Educational Division about the omisment of Missions to ask questions. sion. Business people are constantly After the exhibit has been displayed watching the windows for opportunia few weeks the number decreases to ties to aavance their own interests. about fifteen a week and when at the end of a month a new exhibit replaces Another time the exhibit was of the old, the flood of inquiries begins China. This attracted the attention anew. The inquiries are of a varied, of a woman who had just issued a and sometimes amusing, nature. large and expensive work on Chinese

RES'r ME',l'RODS

Art. She wanted it displayed along A RADIO MEETING with our ChineSe exhibit. Reported by SISTER GFJ)B.GIA BUSHMAN At the time or the Japanese earth- A proper setting for this meeting quake we displayed such pictures and is a room deco.rated with flags of all objects of interest as we were able to nations. If a platform is part of the get from the stricken area: . Among room equipment, a curtain should be these was a series of very vIV1dly col- hung, back of which the announcer ored prints issued in Japan to depict of the program and the announcers the horrors of the disaster. These, from other transmitting stations may particularly drew wide attention and be concealed. In front of the curtain many were the requests ror duplicll;te should be placed on a small stand, a copies. But they could not be satls· loud-speaker horn. This horn has fied as the set exhibited was, at that nothing to do with the speakin~, but time, the only one received in New aids the imagination. For pOlllte~s York, if not in the whole country. in announcing, listen over the radIO some evening. If a curtain is not The south window is devoted en· available screens may be used. tirely to a display of .the work. o~ .the Foreign-Born AmerIcans DIVISIOn.

The exhibit is changed frequently ANNOUNCER: (Behitnd Curtain) and stimulates considerable interest in the work among our foreign-born This is station Y. P. M. S. of the neighbors if' one can judge by the numbers of people who seek out United Lutheran Church, transmitthe offices of the Foreign-Born on the fourth floor of the Church Missions ting from the League Rooms of St. House and who go away with their questions answered and in their Stephen Lutheran Church, Pittshands a little leaflet such as "Neighbors in New York," "Americans burgh, Pa.

All, " " Friendliness, " and " Ice The first number on our program Cakes. " this evening will be a hymn in which The windows attract even wider notice. The Nation, The Lite.rary you are all requested to join. Let us Digest and others have commented upon the window exhibits of the sing: "All Hail the Power of Jesus· Church Missions House. Name." Supplementing the window exhibits is the attractoscope. Here some Our thoughts will be directed in fifty colored slides on the work of the Church are thrown on the screen. prayer by Miss Leona Thompson. . The attractoscope pictures of which there are sixty difl'erent sets are very This is station Y. P. M. S. transmItpopular; during the hours when they are running quite a crowd gathers. ting from the League Rooms of. St. From. watching these pictures, they drift to the window exhibits and so Stephen Lutheran Church, PIttsmany who might otherwise pass by, loiter to learn more about what the burgh, Pa. Weare very pleased Church is doing. to announce at this time, a vocal solo And so the Church from its Fourth Avenue windows by picture, map, by Mr. Chesley L. Otto, entitled, "Be Thou With Me."

This is station Y. P. M. S., Pitts- wbuilrlghb~ Pa. Our fourth number a hymn in which you are all requested to join. This number will be "0 Zion Haste."

This is station Y. P. M. S., Pitts- burgh, Pa. In order that we may provide OUr listeners ~ith a~ ~ttrac­ tive program on thIS MlsslOnary Night we will transmit messages from 'the following Missionary Sta· tions of the United Lutheran Church: chart and curio tells the story of how Station W. A. F.-Africa.

bi~t lciaevrreieist Christ into all nations. We Station W. I. S.-West In'lies.. to be effective publicity, if Station W. I. A.-Guntur, Indla. Station S. A. A.-South America.

not education. Station W. F. I.-Philadelphia, Pa.

Stand by for one moment, please. count which will appear later. I have the dearest Kindergarten sehool 'which opened (Short pause as if connecting other August 11th with forty·eight pupils. This stations.) is station W. I. S., West Indies, Sister This is station Y. P. M. S., of St. Clara Smyre, Missionary, signing off.

Stephen Lutheran Church, Pitts- You have been listening to one of burgh, transmitting from station our Home Mission Fields – Station W. A. F., Africa. W. 1. S., West Indies. Sister Clara, (To be read behind curtain by an- we hope you are listening in at this other announcer.) time, and that you will have enough This is station W. A. F., Africa- loyal people who will provide funds The general progress of the ·work in our for your needed piano. This is sta- Muhlenberg Mission is a cause for much tion Y. P. M. S., Pittsburgh, Pa. This thanksgiving, but we would mention as rea· station is in receipt at this time of a sons for greatest thankfulness: telegram from Hickory, N. C., re- 1. The inereasing number of qualified missionaries now entering .upon the work on . questing that the Young People's the field. 2. The new station begun near the French Missionary Society of all the Luth- eran Churches in America do everyboundary, far in the interior of Liberia, where the work promises to be more nearly thing possible to reopen the doors of self-supporting than at any other point in the whole of Liberia. Here at Zozo the the Girls' Rescue Home, Kumamoto, Japan, closed for lack of a worker. native people are putting up all mission Signed, Maude O. Pewlas. buildings and keeping them in repair, and furnishing five workmen each week to do This is station Y. P. M. S., of Pittsnecessary work about the premises. As soon as necessary buildings are completed they burgh, Pa. We will next transmit promise fifty girls and ODe hundred boys from station W. 1. A., Guntur, India.

for the mission school. These pupils will (To be read behind the curtain by be fed and clothed by their own people. You will note that this is a very propitious another announcer.) .

beginning of the work. This is our most This is station W. 1. A., transmitting hopeful station. We beseech your prayers from A. E. L. M. Hospital, PhYSicians in for more, many more, well qualified workers that this most needy :field may be oocupied. charge, Dr. Anna S. Kugler, and Dr. Mary This is station W. A. F., Africa, signing off. R. Fleming.

Dear Friends in Ameriea:-It was lny ANNOUNCER: plan to leave here in February for a period of furlough in Ameriea. Were I to come, You have just h ear d station there would not be any doctors here to take my place during my absence. ] do not have W. A. F., Liberia, Africa. We surely the heart to leave our people of India with- hope that many more qualifted work- out a physician and have thus decided to ers will offer themselves for our Afri- remain on the :field. When we are away we can field. This is station Y. P. M. S., like to think of the work going on, so that of St. Stephen Lutheran Church, the womanhood of India may develop. We must train the natives so that they can Pittsburgh, Pa., transmitting from carry on the work in the future. We need the support of the gifts and prayers of station W. 1. S., West Indies. the women of the Churches of Ameriea. We (To be read behind curlain by an.- send loving greetings from our hospital here to all our Christian friends of America, other announcer.) 'l1his is station W. 1. A., Dr. Kugler speak- This is station W. 1. S., West Indies Mis- ing-signing off.

sion. We need different kinds of kinder· This is station Y. P. M. S., of Pittsgarten material, from a lot of needles and scissors up to a piano, more than anything burgh. Weare indeed sorry that Dr.

else just now. We ean always use material Kugler will not be coming to America and an assortment of sewing for those who sew in the Light Brigade and Young Worn· and it will be a great disappointment en's Missionary Society. I am so glad to her friends here in America. But that some of our young women attend the let us as young people of the Mission- Dorcas Society and help to make quilts, and ary Societies of the U. L. C. join in I divide every scrap of cloth that I have earnest, daily prayers, that qualifted to spare. All kinds and sizes of pieces and remnants are very much wel<mmed by all of men and women of our churches will us. Watch the magazine for a fuller a.e- respond to the great call from the

BEST MErI'HODS

Master for workers, doctors and (Another announcer behind curnurses in this great field of India. tain.) This is station Y. P. M. 8., Pittsburgh, Pa. Weare in receipt of a This is station W. F. 1., Philadelphia. If letter from Miss Miller, of Kodai Kanal, India, telling us that the peo- you were to come down to our mission here ple of India are hungering for a knowledge of GOO. They will listen on North Fourth Street, I believe you would as long as you talk to them, but there are so few helpers. Miss Miller see why this is a .ablil]t" of foreign mission pleads that more of the young people work at home. neighborhood has may consider the great need of India 'ind respond to its call. changed so much recently that there is This is station Y. P. M. S. transmit- hardly any section in the city where the ting from St. Stephen Lutheran Church, Pittsburgh, Pa. At this time population is so mixed. We know that there we will be favored with a duet and is only one message that all children need, chorus-" God's Way Is the Best Way," by Leech. Misses Florence the story of the loving Christ Who loves Hunker and Bertha Westphal will sing the verses, with the entire audi- little children of every race and nationality. ence singing the chorus-Number 174 in hymn book. That note we are tJ"Ying to sound clear and sweet to every child every day. Our kinder- Station Y. P. M. S., Pittsburgh, garten is in session from 9: 30 to 12: 00 will continue its program by transmitting from station S. A. A., South every morning in the week except Satur- America, Argentine Mission, Rev. Ralph White, Missionary. day. Beside our regular SUllday·school ses· (To be read behind curtain by an- sion, we have two classes each week for boys other announcer.) and two classes for girls after school hours. This is station S. A. A., South America, Argentine Mission. Our greatest cause for These are happy times for the children. The thankfulness in the Argentine Mission field is the new equipment with which we have girls sew, crochet, and knit, while the boys been able to work this year and the new do wood-cutting, paint and draw. Then fol· elementary school building that is now un· der coustrnction. When recently, upon the low Bible stories, singing and games, and order of the Sehool Inspector, we wel"e obliged to take sixteen children out of two time that would bave been spent on streets of our classrooms because of crowded con· ditions, we found.· our ouly comfort in the with danger to body and soul goes all too fact that in the coming year we would have rapidly. The women who support me a building large enough for many more children, giving promise of doing great through the Missionary Society can help me things in His Name. And yet we must add that all these new buildings mean simply most of all by your prayers. We cordially the beginning of things here. We have no building for our National College. Our reo invite you to stop off with us wben passing ligious and educational work still must be through Philadelphia. This is station W. content with rented houses. Our causes for thankfulness are many indeed, yet our needs F. I. signing off. fpr the future are great. Cordial greetings to all of you. Ralph J. White, MiSsionary, This is station Y. P. M. S., Pitts- Station S. A. A., South America., signing off. burgh. A telegram from the South- Journeying a little nearer home, ern Mountains tells us of the splendid station Y. P. M. S., Pittsburgh, will work being carried on in this new transmit from station W. F. I., Phila- field by Miss Jeffcoat and Miss Smith. delphia. They request the listeners to come down to the mountains some time and see the great possibilities of teaching and carrying the Gospel there, then to stay and help in this great work. Stand by one moment please for an- nouncement.

This is station Y. P. M. S., Pitts- burgh. I am requested to announce that on next Sunday, at 6: 45 P. M., the Rev. Mr. Woods, of the Lutheran Church of the Redeemer, Pittsburgh, will speak to the young people of the Luther League of St. Stephen Luth- eran Church, Pittsburgh, telling of his recent trip to Scotland and his attendance at the World Sunday'

School Convention. Advertise this among your friends and give him a large audience – 6 : 45 next Sunday evening. Also, there will be a Luther League dinner to be held at the Wm. Penn Hotel on January 31st. A splendid speaker has been secured

and a great time is in store for those which do not have frequent opporwho attend. tunities for association.

The concluding number of the pro- At eight o'clock all sections met in gram being broadcasted by station a general session, when a brief dra- Y. P. M. S., of the St. Stephen Luth- matic sketch appropriate to the theme eran Church, Pittsburgh, will be a of discussion was presented and a chorus-" Saviour Again To Thy short address was delivered by some- Dear Name," by Ellerton. Number one who had first-hand knowledge of 2;13 in hymn book. We request that Japan and the missionary interests everyone join in the first and second of that land. verses. After the singing of this chorus, it is the request of this The dramatic sketches, with one exstation, Y. P. M. S., that you stand ception, were chosen from" Dramatic for a moment of silent prayer, after Missionary Sketches on Japan," by which we will request a closing an- Daisy Earle Fish and Eva Maude nouncement. Earle,' the final pageant being that of "The Wav.'" This is station Y. P. M. S., of the United Lutheran Church, transmit- The attendance was gratifyingting from the League Rooms of St. never less than 140-and the interest Stephen Lutheran Church, Pitts- on the part of all the groups seemed burgh, Pa., signing off. Good night. to be very deep throughout. One of the best features of the plan was the AN A VENUE OF MISSION STUDY large number of men in the church who led the sectional conferences, and APPROACH many of the women expressed their unusual pleasure in being instructed The Baptist Church of the Re- by men on the subject of missions, deemer, in Yonkers, carried on a very which has so often been regarded as interesting and successful experiment a specialty of the women.-RoBERT in mission study for a period of six A. ASHWORTH in Missions. weeks. In order to make a new avenue of approach, the studies were """ called " Conferences 0 n Japan. " They' were held on Sunday evening The men's class of the Central from 7: 00 to 8: 45 and were divided Presbyterian Church, Denver, Colo., into four sectional conferences: for has secured permission from the men, for women,. for a group of the Board of Education to place upon the older young people and for the wall of every schoolroom in the city a Young People's Society. In the three large copy of the Ten Commandments. older groups, Dr. Galen Fisher's This will cost about $5,000. book, "Creative Forces in Japan," was used, and for the Young People's .. '* .. Society, Dr. Axling's "Japan on the Upward Trail." The three older Ten ice cream sociables, three groups were led in their discussion spelling contests, two quilting bees, by a different leader each evening and one husking bee, were the price chosen, with one exception, from paid by a country church for the inwithin the constituency of the church. stallation of an electric light plant. The Young People's Society was con- The Northwestern Christian Advocate ducted very largely by the young suggests that they next try ten prayer folks themselves under a single meetings, three weeks of personal callleader. ings, two meetings in the "upper room" Hnd Ii season of downright con- At 7: 45 all the groups met for a secration in order that they may social period of 15 minutes, when secu.re the Light. of the World. light refreshments were served. This was a very important and agreeable l·rDramatic Missionary Sketches on Japan," feature of the plan, as it brought to- Price 25c. Baptist Board, 276 Fifth Ave.. New gether many elements in the church York City.

2 liThe Way." Price 15c. Literature Head- quarters, 723 Muhlenberg Bulldlng, Philadel- phia, Pa.

Woman's Home and Foreign

COUNCIL OF VOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS AND FEDERATION OFWOM,N 's BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS Poat l'hoto Service RECIDPTION AT THE WHITE HOUSE CONFERENCE ON THE CAUSE AND deeply their responsibility III this CURl: OF WAR realm of war and peace.

Washington,D. C., January 18-24, They believe it is time for their or- 1925 ganizations to unite in taking steps to study the causes and cures of war. Called by Aims of the C01~ference. American Association of University WOmen. The conference aims to give an un- Council of Women for Home Missions. biased presentatiori of accurate data which will insure more effective pro- Federation of Woman's Boards "f Foreign grams of work. It also hopes to find common points of interest which may Missions 0·£ North America. . ;:eJ:ve as a basis for a more concerted effort on the part of the participating General Federation of Women's Clubs. organizations.

National Board of the Young Women's Christian Associations.

National Council of Jewish Women.

National League of Women Voters.

National Voman's Christian T,emperance Union.

National Women's Trade Union League.

The Call ·Method of the Conference.

Reasons for Calling the Conference. Thirty experts and specialists will The futility of war as a means of address the conference on subjec.ts resettling difficulties between nations lating to the causes of war and probecomes increasingly apparent as sci- posed cures. Addresses will befolence is demonstrll,ting the danger of lowed by open forums for adequate destroyj"ng our civilization by the discussion of the subject matter precharactei' of modern .warfare. sented.

The· women's organizations of this Two committees will endeavor to country which have been working, bring before the conference a program through their respective programs, of work based on the findings of the for an ordered human society, feel discussion sessions. One committee 311

will prepare a plan of united action, Therefore, the committee urges the which if it is accepted by the confer- component members in this Confer- ence, will go to the participating or- ence- ganizations as the recommendation of the conference. I. To undertake unprejudiced and continuous study of the psychological, Findings political, economic and social causes of war, and CAUSES OF WAR II. To stimulate in every practical 'l'he following report 'W(1$ unanimous- manner the development of scientific ly adopted by the Conference: research in this field in oUl.: higher institutions of learning, and the popu- We, the Committee on Findings on lar teaching as to the causes of war the Causes of War beg leave to bring based upon ascertained facts. in the following report: Among the Causes of War as devel- The committee has based this report oped by the speakers are: npon the Causes of War as developed by the different speakers at this Con- I. Psychological: ference and as brought out in discus- sion from the floor. This report makes 1. Fear: G. Feeling (}f national inse· no pretense of being an exhaustive or scientific study of the question, but is curity; h. Fear of invasion; c. an attempt t@ present such facts as are at its command, Up to the pres- }"l1lJ" of loss of property; d. cnt time in history the causes listed have been at least the basis of dissen- Fear of change. .; sions and have led to war, and unless controlled or removed may again lead 2. Suspicion; 3. Greed; 4. ·Lust of to war. power; 5. Hate; 6. Revenge; For the sake of clarity and facility in presenting these causes for further 7. Jealousy; 8. Envy. study, a simple classification has been attempted. Since many of the speak- II. Economic: . ers disagreed as to which are primary and which contributory causes of war, 1. Aggressive Imperialism; a. Terri· and even differed as to what the causes torial; h. E,conomic. are, this classification cannot express the unanimous judgment of the speak- 2. Economic rivalries for: a. Mar· ers or of the Conference. Some of the kets; u. Energy resour!les; c. causes cannot be classified under one Essential raw materials. head alone, but overlap and appear in more than one group. 3. Government protection of private interests abroad withcmt refer· It is evident that many elements of ence to the general welfare. our social and economic life tend to cause war at various junctures and in 4. Disregard of the rights of back· varying proportions and to keep alive ward peoples. our belief in the necessity of war. 5. Population pressure: a.. Inequali. It is apparent, however, that we tiea of access to resources; h. lack not so much the desire to efface Customs barriers; c. Migration war as the scientific knowledge of barriel"B. causes of war. This knowledge is necessary to develop acceptable and ade- 6. Profits in war. quate methods for adjusting the recurring disputes between nations HI. Political: now continued rather than settled by war. 1. Principle of balance of power; 2. Secret treaties; 3. Unjust trea· ties; 4. Vi(}lation of treaties; 5. Disregard of rights of minori· ties; 6. Organizatic}D of the state for war; 7. Ineffective or ob· structive political machinery.

IV. Social and contributory: 1. Exa,ggerated nationalism; 2. C(}m' petitive armaments; 3. Religious and racial antagonisms; 4. Gen· eral apathy, indifference aud ig· norance; 5. War psychology created through various agencies, e. g., a. The press; h. Motion pictures; c. Text·books; d. Home infiuences; 6. Social inequalities; 7. Social sanctiol'ls of war; S. Lack of spiritual ideals.

MRs E. H. SILVER.THORN, Chairman.

1925J WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETINS

CURES OF WAR foster international understanding and peace. The following report was unanimous- ly adopted by the Conference: 5. Multiplying of such arbitration treaties as contribute to international conciliation, Preamble and the revision of such existing treaties as violate the principles of international The aspiration of the people of our justice. country to serve mankind functions through many channels – political, 6. The initiation of or sharing by the economic, social and educational. United States of America in movements looking toward reduction of armaments, Nevertheless, the basis of peace is while, during the period in which we are an intellectual and spiritual problem. moving toward legal and friendly methods The Conference on the Cause and of settling international difficulties, the Cure of War calls upon the people of Conference believes that we should main· the United States to unite to break tain defense agencies, though avoiding any down national and racial prejudices policy of competitive armaments. and fears, and to build up a spirit of friendship and trust among the peo- 7. The Conference rooognizes the immense ples of the world. service rentlered by the League of Nations to the ideals that, are dom:ina:ftt in the We find that the cure of war re- United States of America. It is the only quires a permanent international or- functioning world organization providing ganization as its instrument. for the realization of those ideals. The Conference, therefore, believes that, whether While realizing that the final cure our Government enters the League or not, it of' war lies with the spiritual healing should, as far as possible, en1lfrge our reof the nations, the Conference also sponsibilities in League plans and cooperate recognizes the necessity for ameliorat- with its activities. Inasmuch as the Protoing agencies and activities of immedi- col of Geneva is the most advanced proposal ate service. ever made for the outlawry of war, the Con- ference believes that the United States Political Forces I'!hould hold itself ready to take sympa- thetic and cooperative action in the further- All causes of war are feeders of the ance of the success of the Protocol.

sense' of national insecurity. The Economic Forces Conference, therefore, finds that it Since the struggles of nations to favors'the following political meas- control natural resources, raw ma- terials, routes of commerce and trade ures which, it believes, tend toward are among the causes of war, economic that international security which we security for all nations must be the seek: principle upon which the remedies for 1. Work for the outlawry of war, with the economic causes of war must be based. The Conference believes that the understanding that this involves two this can be attained only through in- definite steps: ternational cooperation to the follow- (a) The enactment through an adequate ing ends: agency of an international law declaring (1) Access to natural resources which furnish the necessities of human life, the that war is a crime in which an aggressor raw materials of industry and the employ· ment of peoples. nation should be dealt with as a criminal. (2) Development of channels of distribu- (b) The use of international machinery tion and the agencies of communication be- tween nations. through which sueh a law can become opera- (3) Establishment of a. eommercial code tive among all nations. This involves and between nations, which shall define unfair competition and taboo the exploitation of actually 'compels permanent world organiza- weaker peoples for the aggrandizement of the stronger. Only sueh development is tion, which shall be continnonsly operative_ legitimate as is fair to the interests of both sides. 2. United States of. America adherence to (4) Establishment of an industrial code the Permanent Court of International Jus- between nations designed to: tice. (a) Set up minimum standards for conditions of employment, 3. Progressive codification of internation. (b) Prevent the exploitation of the al "law for the guidance of such a c()urt ac- labor of children, and cording to modern. standards of interna,- tionai "ethics and with reference to modern world conditions.' .

4. The restoration in the Department of State of the United States of America 0:1' the. office of Under Secretary of State for Peace, whose special function should be to

(c) Remove industrial injustices be~ power to develop and increase under- tween competing nations. standing between the members of dif- fering national, racial and religious As the means of accomplishing such groups. Such groups as the foreign international cooperation, we urge students in colleges and universities, as well as the foreign-born in our own A. International Conferences on country, should be the especial conworld resources, the distribution of cern of active workers for internationmaterials, and the establishment of al good will. Thc first object of such commercial and industrial codes; and public agencies as the press and mo- tion pictures should be the intelligent B. The utilization of existing interpretation of racial, national and agencies for international cooperation religious groups, both within commuin the economic field, especially the llities and in international affairs. Economic Section of the League of Nations and the International Labor Ways of E d1tca~tian organization. 1. Every child should be equipped Social and Educational Forces to perform his part in a social struc- ture which has a world basis. The If we are to have a world in which home, thc library, the school and the war between na.tions will be outlawed, church should be effective means to we must have a program of education, this end. With this as the first aim adapted to new ways of life in inter- of the education of children, a special national relations. care must be taken in the teaching of such subjects as history, geography Even after practical measures are and language to secure in these subagreed upon for organizing the life of jects such textbooks as are interpretthe world, this machinery will break ers of the life of the world as a whole. down unless men and women are trained to meet changing circum- 2. Communities and organizations stances with poise of spirit and abil- should set up programs of adult eduity to act intelligently. cation which should be based upon ac- curate facts about world situations To this end the Conference on the and lead to adequate education for Canse and ~Cure of War helieves that political citizenship in world affairs. we must (1) create certain attitudes of mind, (2) develop intelligent un- LOCAL AND INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILIderstanding between racial and national groups, and (3) discover ways l'IES of education by which individuals can be trained to take an effective part in Each of the nine organizations rethe new world. sponsible for calling this Conference will naturally develop through its own Attit1tdes of Mind Needed Today constituency a program based upon the reports of the Conference. A. Recognition of the possibility of organizing the world life on the Each organization will choose such basis of cooperative relations. elements of the program as can best be furthered by its own machinery in B. A scientific attitude toward the relation to its other obligations. study of such possible causes of war, as overpopulation, inequalities of ac- However, individual members of cess to essential raw materials, etc. the Conference have so appreciated thc gravity of the subjects presented C. I<'earless acceptance of change and the necessity for some construcin the life of the world if that change tive continuous effort toward peace by is directed toward the welfare of the (:ommunities and local groups as a whole world. basis for necessary governmental ac- tion, that they will welcome practical Under'standing and Fellowship suggestions for immediate action.

If we are to have a unified world life, it is essential that individuals and organizations do all in their

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETINS

This brings the program down to each ganizations and individuals which of us as citizens and individuals. have for their interest the promotion of international cooperation. The 1. Public Opinion. functions of such councils could be: Official action for peace must neces- (1) The maintenance of a speaksarily be government action, but such ers' bureau. action should be based on an informed, intelligent public opinion. (2) The dissemination of informa- Such an opinion it should be the duty tion on national and international of those who have met in this Con- questions. ference to stimulate and strengthen when they return to their own com- (3) Regular meetings for the dismunities. The Conference feels that cussion of international relations and it is most important that all consider- practical measures for their improveation of questions of international mrmt, preferably to be discussed by understanding and relationship experts, and with the idea of confershould reflect the same atmosphere of ences planned on similar lines to this political non-partisanship as has been one. so clearly shown in this Conference. (4) Examination of textbooks in NATIONAL Por,ICIES WHICH REQUIRE local schools, especially those dealing with history, geography, and related SUPPORT BY PUBLIC OPINION; subjects.

In accord with the subjects which (5) Contact with local foreign are suggested in the report of the groups for the upbuilding of better cures of war, it may be recommended international understanding. that certain projects should be pushed immediately or during the coming Any personal and community failyear. The subjects for immediate ac- ure in living up to American ideals of tion are: honor, justice and democracy reflect into other countries and impair reali- 1. Entrance of the United States zation of our international ideals. into the World Court. (6) Community observance of In- 2. Participation by the United ternational Peace Days, in which States of America in further Disarm- school children and foreign-born resiament Conferences, and, in particular, dellts could join with the other elethat provided for by the Protocol of ments of the community. Geneva. MRS. JOHN FERGUSON, Chairman. 3. Work for the appointment of an Under Secretary for Peace in the De- BROTHERHOOD partment of State. The crest and crowning of all good, life's 2. The Hmne. final star is brotherhood; The first work must begin in homes For it will bring again to Earth her long· and with very young children. Every lost Poesy and Mirth; child can learn the lesson of international understanding through stories Will send new light on every face, a Kingly of the life, thp heroism, the achieve- Power U pOD the race. ments, and the contributions of all races to the total civilization of the And til! it come, we men are slaves, and world. travel downward to dust of graves.

3. Local Comrn1!nity Councils on In- Come, dear the way. then, clear the way; ternational Belations. blind creeds and kings have had their Local councils could be formed made up of men's and women's or- day.

Break the dead branches from the path; our hope is in the aftermath.

Ollr hope is in beroic "men, star-led to build the world again. .

To this event the ages Tan; make way for Broth€l·hood–make way for man.

-Edwm Markham.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN EDITED BY ELLA D. MA(1IJAURTN, 25 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK AUTHORS' DINNER, TWENTY-FIFTH ANNIV~JRSARY OF CENTRAL COMMITTEE NOTABLE OCCASIONS IN WASH. of Mrs. Henry W. Peabody of Boston, Chairm.an of the Committee since INGTON, D. C. 1902. The guests at the dinner in the Rose Room of the Hotel Washing- January 27 and 30, 1925 ton were welcomed by Mrs. WaUaee Radcliffe of Washington, in an ad- By ALICE M. KYLE. dress which scintillated with telling personal allusions. The twentieth Interdenominational Conference of Woman's Foreign Mis- The guests included authors of the sion Boards of North America was textbooks published by the Commitmarked by unusual and very inter- tee, representatives of outstanding esting features. enterprises which are in a sense the outgrowth of the work of the Com- Following a joint luncheon with mittee, such as Summer Schools of the Council of Women for Home Mis- Missions, Christian Literature and sions on January 27th, came the An- Everylund, officers of a score or nual meeting of the Federation. The more of Woman's Boards affiliated president, Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn, with the Federation, and distingave a most interesting resume of the guished delegates from overseas to the year's work with its ten departments Foreign Missions Convention. The of activity. The plans, policies, and latter included the Right Reverend programs for the new year were then Michael B. Furse, Bishop of St. Alpresented and were of unusual signifi- bans, Kenneth MacLennan, Secretary cance and replete with the most help- of the United Council for Missionary ful suggestions. The attendance was Education in Great Britain and the largest and most representative in Baron von Boetzalaer von Dubbeldam the history of the Federation. of Holland.

The evening session was devoted to Mrs. Peabody who presided, in prethe celebration of the twenty-fifth senting the authors remarked that anniversary of the Central Committee on the United Study of Foreign Missions. The program was in the hands

1925J WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETINS

"writing a textbook for the Central decorations, the delightful music and Committee seemed to serve as a life above all the gracious company of insurance, since no author had died Vashington women who served as in the twenty-five years." During hostesses gave the occasion an atmo- this period 3,500,000 copies of the sphere of fellowship and friendliness various books have been issued-a not to be forgotten.

million more than the volumes con- The Federation was both honored tained in the Congressional Library. and delighted by the gracious pres- The latest, so fresh from the press ence of Mrs. Calvin Ooolidge, loved that the printer came from Vermont and honored for her intense interest to bring copies for the guests, is in world missions. At sixteen of the "Prayer and Missions" by Helen tables sat women from the high offi- Barrett Montgomery. cial circles of the Capitol.

The authors present were: Anna It was obviously impossible to hear Robertson Brown Lindsay, Arthur from all the Woman's Boards pres- Judson Brown, Robert E. Speer, Mary ent. Eight of the presidents repre- Schautller Platt, Jean Kenyon Mac- senting great communions of the kenzie, Margaret E. Burton, Daniel United States and Canada, brought Johnson Fleming, Galen Fisher, Dr, greetings. and Mrs. Samuel Zwemer and Mary Ninde Gamewell. Mrs. E. C. CrOlik, As is always true in missionary author of "Brave Adventurers," the gatherings, the vital interes~ c.enter.ed junior textbook for next year, spoke in seeing and hearing the mISSIOnarIes for the authors of the books for boys and the guests from mission fields. and girls. Mrs. Donald MacGillivray These each brought in two minutes of Shanghai, China, brought greetings the greetings from her associates on from Happy Childhood, a magazine the field and her beloved people. Here for Ohinese children. again the impossible was attempted and accomplished and twenty-five of The Federation Luncheon our "Foreign Ambassadors" repre- sentinO' twenty-five countries unrolled Friday noon, January 30th, 970 before'" the eager audience swiftly women representing Woman's Boards moving features of their work. from the Atlantic to the Pacific, of the United States and Canada, gath- h aLd aas ts hoafr ea lil~ with a thrill of having ered in the beautiful Hall of Nations the achievement of this of the Hotel Washington. Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn, President, was in the crowning part of the foreign mission chair, while Mrs. William F. McDowell and Mrs. Harvey Irwin, Vice- enterprise, the company listened .to President and President of the Federation of Church Societies of Wash- Miss Mitsu Motoda of Japan and MISS ington' brought cordial words of Shu Chung Ting, a graduate of Union College and now National Sec- retary for China of' the Young Wom- en's Christian Association.

welcome. THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO YOU The Washington Committee of Ar- You are writing a Gospel, rangements for all the functions un- A: chapter each day, dertaken by the women in connection with the Foreign Missions Convention By deeds that you do, By words that you say.

was under the gallant leadership of Men read what you write, Mrs. William L. Darby. She and her Whether faithless or true. indefatigable corps of aides, had done the impossible in providing seats for Say I what is the Gospel According to you'

so great a company. The beautiful -Selected.

AND SIAM with Hindu thought, not expressed

More Church Union in India the crude idolatry of Kalighat mere- UNION of Presbyterian, Congrega- ly, but more particularly through the tional and Calvinistic Methodist more enlightened Hindus and the Churches throughout India has been Brahmos who are really and truly decompleted, a,ccording to a cablegram siring something better within Hinrecently received. Several years ago duism. This is a challenge, and helps the United Church of South India greatly towards intellectual honesty, was formed bv a, union of Reformed and towards the expression of their and Presbyter'ian Churches, the Con- Christian faith in word and life.- gl'eg'ationalists joining later. The oc- L. M. S. Chro·nicle.

ca,sion for the ca,blegram' was the organization of the United Church of A College for South India North India: All Presbyterian bodies OF the 22,000,000 Telugu-speaking are included except the American people of South India, over 60'0,- United Presbyterians. Membership of 000 are Protestant Christians. Recogthis new United Church of North nizing the great importance of having India will include a Christian com- one well-equipped and thoroughly munity of about a quarter of a mil- first-rate Christian college for this lion persons. The Indian Witness area, and realizing that, owing to the sa,ys tha,t the Presbyterian General financial difficulties of most of the Assembly, meeting at Bombay in De- missions working in the area, a scheme cember, voted in favor of accepting depending upon equal contributions the position of the Congregationalists from a number of missions is not as the basis for union of the two feasible, the Andhra Christian counchurches. cil, one of the provincial councils affiliated with the National Christian A Union School for Girls Council of India, at its last meeting A HIGH school for girls in Cal- passed a resolution urging the United cutta, maintained jointly by three Lutheran Church in America to es- English missionary societies, the Lon- tablish the college and to propose a don, the Baptist, and the Wesleyan plan of cooperation by which other Methodist, is securing some interest- missions and churches may have a ing results. Miss Eleanor A. Rivett share in its administration and main- writes: "Hindu parents testify that tenance. '1'he recent convention of the it is a gain for their daughters to be United Lutheran Church resolved to at school ,vith Christians, to be taught accept the invitation and authorized Christian ideals of conduct. It is no its Board of Foreign Missions to pro- negligible factor in the Hindu girl's ceed with the raising of funds. Both schooldays tbat her teachers are the Anglican Church Missionary 80- Christian, and in the higher classes ciety and the Vv-esleyan Missionary the majority of her elass friends are Society of England have voted to co- Christian, and the standards of the operate in the new college. It'is hoped class-room and playground are Chris- that several American and Canadian tian.'· Miss .Rivett believes that it is societies will also decide to take a an advantage for Christian girls to part in the enterprise.-The Chris- come into contact while still at school tian Centl~ry.

318

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

More "Holy Men" than Chri.tians telephone service, and the members longest in service have just comple1;ed I T is a striking way of describing their twentieth year, but along WIth religious conditions in India to these advantages of Western civiliza- point out, as has recently been done tion have come its evils, and we must that while only 4,754,000 of the 318,- record that the people embrace these 000 000 inhabitants are reported as more readily than they do Christian- Ch;istians, there are 5,000,000 Hindu ity. " . ,. holy men." These men wander from temple to temple begging their Heart-Hungry Crowd. food, living off the people, many of them grossly immoral and a degrad- THE Allahabad Magh Mela at ing influence. Of course thi~ ~s not Cawnpore, North India, was .true of aU; some sincere, rehgiOusly marked by great crowds coming to minded and devoted men are among the River Ganges to wash and thus them; but taken as a whole these ho~y obtain forgiveness of their sins, ac- men are a physical and moral dram cording to their belief. Rev. Charles on the life of India and they number H. Dyke, stationed at Cawnpore, says more today than all the Christians in that he never saw so many human the land. Poverty and illiteracy are beings in all his life gathered together twin burdens that hold down the in one place. It is depressing and great masses of India and ma.ke. m?re saddening to know that the great difficult the mInistry of ChnstIalllty crowd's only object is to wash in the to them. Unable to read, under- river and offer food and money to nourished, and in constant struggle their idols. Hundreds or more abso- for a mere living, they are hardly able lutely naked sodhus in all their dirt t() give serious and spiritual consider- and unkempt condition lead the spir- ation to the message of the GospeL itual life of many of the people of Bowed down by superstition, driven India. One sadku stood on his head by fear the religion they have known for hours to obtain merit-he was the has not prepared them quickly to ac- object of admiration and respect and cept the Gospel of the love of God in honor, watrhed by the largest group Christ Jesus. of low caste people.-Tke Continent.

Airplanes in Siam For Bengal Moslems A N American Presbyte~ian mis~ion­ ACONFERENCE of w 0 r k e r s ary at Lampang, Slam, wrItes: among Moslems in Bengal, held "In February, 1924, Royal Army air- at Bogra, adopterl the following find- planes visited Lampang, and spent ings : "The conference urges that .some days maneuvering in mid-air. pastors endeavor to cultivate in their The missionaries at the station were congregations a keen sense of broth- invited to fly and a few days later a erhood and unity in the church, re- stranger came into the city, :vh? stat_ed gardless of the previous racial, social that he had noted that the miSSIOnarIeS or religious distinctions of conve~ts, were not afraid to trust themselves in and also impress on them the necessity the air, so they must have great faith of offering inquirers a hospitable re- in their God. Every member now ception. present in the station first entered the country by river boat, when the time "The conference urges the need of consumed in the journey was sixty to streng reinforcements in view of the one hundred days from Bangkok to following facts: Lampang. The time now required by express train equipped with dining Bengal is one of the three most densely and sleeping cars with electric lights populated Moslem areas in the world. and fans is-less than twenty-two hours_ We also have daily mail and public TmB total number of Moslems in Bengal equals the combined popUlations of Arabia, Persia and Egypt.

The Moslems of Bengal are more acces- sible and responsive man those of the aforementioned countries.

The encouraging results of the past de- iJ?-g opium, Indian hemp, cigars and mand far greater efforts and larger forces CIgarettes, and betel-nut chewing." on this field. CHINA The rapidly changing conditions of the Moh,,;mmedan world and the steadily in- How Mau.y People lD China1 ereasrug de.mand for the lJducation of both sexes constitute both an opportunity and a MOST readers cannot visualize the challenge to the Christian Church."

meaning of the ~gures 400,000,000 Wilson Memorial in Siam peopl~ as repr~sentmg the population FOR more than a year Dr. Francis of Chm~. Chtna's Millions suggests a B. Sayre, formerly a member of new baSIS of computation, as follows : the JIa.rvard faculty, has been acting , 'If you were asked whether there as adVIser on foreign affairs to the were more people in China than indi- Government of Siam. Mrs. Sayre is vhoidwuawloaullpdhyaobuetrelpeltyteTrsPirnobtahbelyBsiobmle~ the Wfo. rCm.erA.JeesxseiceutWivoeoadnrodwdaWugilhstoen~ would say: 'Oh! there must be more Y. ~lehettreers~rien the Bible.' aOsnmthaenycohneatrtahrey~ of the late President. Dr. and Mrs. eighty times Say~e have been so impressed by the m Chma as there are individual letters quah~y of the educational work being in our English Bible. Do we realize ~one.m the Bangkok Christian College it? Eighty souls for whom Christ I~ Slam that they have given 2,500 die~ going out int.o eternal night in heals (abolt $900) for the erection of Chma for every smgle letter in the a~~ed quarters, stipulating that the Book which has brought light and life gIft be known as in memory of Mrs. to us. Think of this as you read your Sayre's father. – Christian Century. daily portion."

BSiamese 'Christians at Work Religion in ChiDese Schools .ANGKOK, SIAM, has quarterly conferences for Christian work- DE~PITE chaotic political condiers. The subject of the recent one was tIOns, the annual National Edu- "Revivals. " Only two foreigners were on the program. so that the Sia- cational Conference of China was mese had almost complete controL held at Kaifeng, capital of Honan The conditions governing revivals Province, late in November. "Delewere uncovered and the churches have gates. were present from eighteen been quickened to new life. Many provmces, among them many of the ga.ve themselves anew, pledging a cer- most prominent educators in the tam amount of their time in the work country. Four resolutions and eleven of the street chapels and gospel bands. recommendations concerning mission- "Yfe are planning also," writes Rev. ary education in China were unani- Paul .A. Eakin, Presbyterian mission- mously adopted. Close government ary in Bangkok, "for 'Rally Days' in re~u~atio~ of all schools operated by the Sunday-schools, Christian En- mISSIOnarIes was demanded, and it dell;vor Societies and Temperance was recommended that all teaching of Urnons. It is interesting how the in- religion in missionary schools be stopfluence of this Temperance Union is ped. " growing. Formerly all the newspapers were hot against it, both foreign and AThe Gospel in Tea House" ~iam~se. But recently one of the lead- S a part of his regular evangelistic mg SIamese newspapers has printed a work, Dr. W. E. Macklin, of the strong editorial urging the Govern- Discip~es' Mission, visits a large tea ment and people of Siam. to follow house In the hear! of Nanking, China, the example of the United States and on Sunday morrnngs, each Sunday a establish prohibition. The Union in- different tea house, and distributes cludes with intoxicating drinks, smok- tracts with Bible pictures and verses, and others on the evils of opium smok-

1925J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ing. On each visit he is accompanied The stone was laid by a Chinese Chrisby some of the boys of the language tian elder, the head of a large bank, school to help fold the tracts. A table and carved deeply into the granite, on the aisle near the entrance is se- in the handwriting of a Christian lected, a breakfast is ordered and be- general, are these words: ' ,Jesus tween bites and sips the tracts are Christ Himself being the chief cornerfolded and distributed to the incoming stone." and outgoing patrons. Almost without exception, the tracts are gracious- Helping Ricksha Coolies ly accepted, read and carried home. J:<'requently someone sits down to ask T HE Shanghai Ricksha Mission questions and discuss problems with takes as its field the half a million the missionary. men who pull rickshas in Shanghai every year. Some remain for but a A Band of Chinese Mystics few weeks, others stay permanently. Some are drawn into the service of I N Peking there is a group of Chris- organized vice of various sorts, but tian young men, originally six in most of them are honest laborers for number, now increased to eight, which daily bread. Living is precarious and is trying to be true to the spiritual the Ricksha Mission has distributed genius of the Chinese people. Every during the year 91,450 meals, 12,000 Thursday morning these eight go to Christmas food parcels, 1,880 gara quiet park 'or a temple in the hills, ments and 2,240 sandals and straw and after deciding what problem is hats, and provided sleeping quarters the most pressing in their own lives for 15,750. It is estimated that the or in the life of their country, they 7,200 meetings held have reached separate, each to be alone for an hour, 409,000 persons. Two Bible-women two hours, to meditate, to think it all are at work in the coolies' homes; an over with God. Then they come to- indnstrial department provides poor gether, share their experiences, dis- women with work, making garments cuss the problem, have lunch together, for free distribution; three teachers and go .back to the city with new in- train the children in day schools; and sight and greater courage. Rowland the Gospel is preached to these work- Cross, who writes in the Missionary ers, their wives and their children. Herald of this group, tells something The Shanghai Mission has reached out of the life story of each one, and then to aid similar work in Hankow; and concludes: "vVith one or two excep- other centers of rickshi1 traft:i.c, Petions the members of the group have king, Tientsin, Nanking, etc., are come from the schools of Peking. In rendering praiseworthy assistance to that city they found Christ. They are these public servants – the ricksha now leaders in the Christian enter- pullers. prise in China. Here one catches a glimpse of the romance of evangelistic "Give China Time" work for students." DR. DAVID Z. YUI, National Y. M. New Church in Tsinanfu C. A. Secretary for China, who was at the I¥ashington Foreign Mis- THIRTY years ago missionaries had sions Conference as one of China's to go about in covered sedan chairs representatives, is an intluential man in Tsinanfu to avoid attacks. Now in political as well as religious circles the new independent Chinese Church in his country. He has no doubt about is erecting a modern building, with the final outcome and success of the schoolrooms, clubrooms, and an audi- people's government in the civil war torium for 1,600 people. This church in China, and the passing ineidents is erected with funds from Chinese inevitable in the period of change and sources alone, and is on ground given readjm;tment through which China is by the municipal authorities, tax free! going. The people of China in the 5

past have had very little to do with soon, and a two-weeks' evangelistic the government, leaving it all to the campaign which followed the opening scheming leaders. In the future, Dr. of a chapel building resulted in more Yui says, they are going to have much than seventy-five probationers. Since to do with it, and under true leader- then that number has been increased ship China will develop her power and to more than one hundred.

find her rightful place among the na- tions. JAPAN.KOREA Remedies for Exclusion Act T T Books for Chinese Children HE Federal Council of the HE Christian magazine for the Churches of Christ in America children of China, called Happy heard at its quadrennial meeting in Childhood, and edited by Mrs. Donald December two interesting presenta.- MacGillivary of the Canadian Pres- tions of the disastrous results of the byterian Mission in Shanghai, had a Japanese Exclusion Act, and possible eirculation of 7,000 copies a month in remedies. Rev. A. K. Reischauer, of 1924, and a special Christmas edition 'l'okyo, suggested the appointment of of 12,000. Besides this a series of a High Commission representing both Happy Childhood children's books nations, which should work for the has been begun and already several following three ends: interesting volumes have been issued. 1. The mutual exclusion of laborers, and Last year there were printed 3,000 possibly even the withdrawal by the J apa· copies of "The Flag Picture Book" nese Government of some of her citizens containing Bible stories, animal stories and children's songs. now in Aluerira. 2. Putting Japan on the quota basis after a certain date-possibly requiring a higher standard for immigrants from Japan than New Mission in Harbin for certain European immigrants b-ecause racial difference may make them less as' REV.•JOHN C. HAEK, formerly of the mission of the M. E. similable. 3. Giving all Japanese in America aJJ.d Church, South, at Changchowfu, those admitted on the quota basis the right Kiangsu Province, writes of the open- of naturalization and equal treatment with ing of a new mission for the Chinese others. in Harbin, Manchuria. He was accompanied by two Chinese evangelists. Hon. Cyrus E. Woods, former U. He says: ,. Our first duty was to S. Ambassador to Japan, addressed a letter to the Council, in which he make a study of the city and its peo- urged that Japan be placed on the ple with special relation to the Chi- quota basis and appealed for a pracnese and the work that is being done tical Christian way out of what he for them by the missions already in described as "an international disthe city. In doing this we were given aster of the first magnitude."

much assistance by both foreigners and Chinese. After some days of Memorial Day in the Yoshiwara V study and investigation a conference ARIOUS reports have come to this country of the way in which the was held, and in consultation with representatives from the Danish and Japanese observed September first, Baptist Missions, it was decided that the anniversary of the great earth- we should open our first work in that quake. Mission schools held memorial part of the city known as Priestan. exercises, Tokyo had a solemn moment During the time we spent in making of silence at noon, and there were im- the survey and study of the city we pressive ceremonies in several places.

found a number of Methodists and The Japan Times announced before- others who had become Christians in' hand, in a fashion which reminds us other parts of China but who had not how much Japan needs missionary connected themselves with any church effort still, the closing for the day of .here." Thirty of these joined them the Yoshiwara, the public prostitute

1925J NEWS FRO:W MANY LANDS

section of Tokyo, in which it is stated Tithers in Their Poverty that there are 2,500 licensed girls and 500 geisha. It said: "The committee ONLY about one third of the conof the' houses' has for some time been gregation of a little chapel under discussing plans to observe the memo- the catoe of the 'Nest Gate Church at rial day. It has just come to a de- Pyengyang, Chosen, COUld. get into the cision to set up a ritual platform by building at one time. EIther a new the pond in Yoshiwara park in which church had to be built at once or the 600 caged women and many others present one enlarged. As all the peolost their lives, being surrounded by ple were very poor, the very poorest fire and boiled to death on that fatal in the whole country, it was impossible September 1st last year. On the plat- to raise money among them for either form will be raised an altar on which a new church or to repair the old one, will be the name tablets of the victims yet something had to be done at once and before it Buddhist priests will if the people were not to be scattered chant their holy scriptures. In mem- and lost to the church. In addition ory of the sad occasion, the whole to this. the money sent by friends for quarter will suspend business for the the flood sufferers, which had been day." used to pay a worker's salary, in order to keep him through the winter after Earnest Pye~gyang Christians his home was washed away, was all used up, and he had either to be told REV. S. A. MOFFETT, D.D., who to leave or the money found to pay had been in Korea under the his salary. So the problem was put Presbyterian Board for thirty-five up to the church officers, and they years, ,,'as asked very recently to take were told that if they would give five charge of a church in Pyengyang with dollars a month, the missionaries a regular attendance of from 1,200 to would give the other five, for his 1,500 which had been in special diffi- salary. By an every-member canvass, culties. This was no small addition to they raised their part, those poor peoan already busy schedule, but seventy ple who do not get enough food to live new members were received after the on, but who promised to tithe their new order of things had been in- little incomes for the work of the augurated. A small branch chapel Kingdom. founded by the Day Laborers' Missionary Society has grown from sixty ISLANDS OF THE SEA to three hundred, largely through the evangelistic efforts of college and Fifty Years in New Britain academy students. The big city church has raised $2,500 toward pay- THE Methodist Church of Australing its debt. The people themselves asia is celebrating this year the refused to let the meeting break up, fiftieth anniversary of the beginning and kept praying and giving for of its work on New Britain, one of the hours; the debt of $3,500 was reduced Fiji Islands. In April, 1875, Rev. to $500, a quite manageable sum, On George Brow'll, D.D., who had already Dr. Moffett's birthday, invitations spent fourteen yeat;s in missionary ~work in Samoa, went to Fiji to get were issued in the names of the first men and women to go with him to New Britain as helpers. A great many seven believers in the city, and there Fijians volunteered. The people of was a great and happy gathering in New Britain were cannibals and fierce the seminary and church to listen to fighters, and day by day the mission,- the reminiseences of these men. The aries were often in danger; but the changes that have taken place in the tea.chers were very patient. One of last thirty years seem almost incred- them, a Fijian called Mijieli, had his ible, even to those who have lived food stolen out of his garden just as through them. it ripened, and Dr. Brown suggested

shifting Mijieli to another place, but NORTH AMERICA the teacher quietly said, "They will be better in time, and it is well to be Religion in the New Congress patient with them, for their minds are still dark." By his patience he THE religious affiliations of the conquered them. There are today members of Congress elected in nearly 9,000 members of the Church November last have been investigated in New Britain, and about 40,000 by the Board of Temperance, Proworshipers at the Sunday services. hibition and Public Morals of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The United Church of Manila figures given below show that more than ninety per cent of the members ONE of the strongest demands of of the new Congress are adherents of the Protestant Filipino people, some religious body. according to Rev. Frank Laubach, American Board missionary in Ma- House Senate nila, is for the elimination of denominationallines, which, he says, are Methodist ……………. 90 27 "wholly meaningless to them. A Presbyterian …………. group of very able Filipino men and Episcopal ……………. 63 11 women have taken the initiative in the Baptist ……………… organization of the United Church of Congregational ……….. 57 22 Manila which leaves out all denomina- Christian Disciple …….. tional questions, and is endeavoring Lntheran ……………. 48 5 to bring about a union of all denomi- Quaker………………. nations throughout the Philippine 32 6 Islands. At the same time the Pres- United Brethren ………. byterians, United Brethren and Con- Reformed ……………. 21 1 gregationalists are laying the founda- Mennonite …………… tions for an island-wide church union. Mormon …………….. 17 2 The United Brethren missionaries and Universalist ………….. myself sent to America an appeal for Unitarian ……………. 31 this proposed United Church. They Christian Scientist …….. asked their Board to give a property R·oman Catholic ………. 2 0 worth about 60,000 pesetos, and I re- Hebrew……………… quested from our Board that 10,000 Protestant …………… 3 0 pesetos of the money raised for Union None……………….. Seminary be contributed to the Vacancies ……………. 1 0 lJnited Church, so that we might have Unknown…………….. a fund with which to help erect an 1 2 adequate building. On the strength of these two requests, the United 2 0 Church began, and I am gJad to report that it is in a flourishing condi- 4 2 tion-just at present making a splendid campajgn throughout that section 1 0 of Manila for membership, and preparing to make a large financial cam- 32 4 paign. I feel that this is destined to be one of the most significant steps 8 0 ever taken by Protestant Missions in the Philippines." 7 0 35 10 1 01 7 3 Total ……………. 435 96 America's Giving in 1924 I Na report on ~'lmerican benevo- lences for 1924 the Boston Tran- script says that a total of $2,500,000,- 000 was given to philanthropic causes, not including appropriations by state legislatures or city councils, or gifts to religion. Gifts to education, relief, medical research and care, and similar causes are said to come in by far the largest percentage from persons who are members of churches or syna- gogues. Examinations of lists of givers to special causes is reported usually to show from 70 to 80 per cent names of persons with ecclesiastical connections. Community chests are said to be multiplying rapidly, both in number and in size. During J..924 there was a manifest tendency to broaden the purposes to which such

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

funds could be devoted. Community iug best in numbers and proportionate houses are going up in great numbers. amounts."-The Chr'istian Century. The Y. M. and Y. W. C. A. put $32,- 000,000 into such buildings last year; Methodist Budget $18,000,000 • the K. of C., $6,500,000. A total of $125,000,000 is included under this T HE World Service Commission of head. "One thing altogether new the Methodist Church ha.<> ap- came into the giving of money in proved a benevolent budget for the America in 1924," says the Tran- current year of $18,641,413, approxi- script. "It was the condition that mately the budget adopted a year ago. beneficiaries of gifts must themselves The church failed by about forty per cent to reach the budget figures of give, or at least render some form of last year. Foreign and home mission personal service. At present the boards have approved askings of $6,- nearly $2,500,000,000 of American 800,000 each, and the Board of Edu- benevolence comes from less than ten cation, which now includes the work per cent of the people, and that per formerly done by four boards, is given a budget of $3,120,000. The benevo- cent by no means confined to the rich. As a rule the middle classes are do- Stewardship Statisties, 1924 THIS statement contains the answers to questions submitted to the officials of the Communions below. The amount received for benevolences is "the amount received from living givers for current official budgets of the permanent Boards and Agencies recognized by the National Body." "Total Gifts for All Purposes" includes not only contributions for local church expenses and from living givers for budget benevolences, but it also includes contributions from all other sources.

Total Gifts Total Gifts Per Capita Gifts fO'1" for l'otal Gifts fOT Budget CO'l',:qr'egational for Denomination All Purposes Berle1JOIences Expenses All PurpOS'BS 1 United Presbyterian $36.92 $2,522,991,00 $3,322,379.00 $6,099,433.00 13,964,416.00 2 Presbyterian U. S. (S.) " 31.82 4,000,023.00 8,099,188.00 3 Moravian, North 22.05 145,134,00 239,936.00 385,070,.00 4,498,665.00 4 Reformed in America 3L55 959,826,00 3,236,632.00 56,958,003.00 32,689,120.00 5 Presbyterian U. 8. A. (N.) 3L88 10,-427,337.00 40,017,454.00 9,012,047.00 9,624,382. (){) 6 Baptist, North ………. 23.88 7,89(),028 .00 23,853,262,00 1,306,920.00 96,514,193.00 7 Presbyterian in Canada " 24,04 2,J 51,449.00 6,628,500.00 37,458,928.00 8 ~lethodist in Canada ….. 23.24 2,196,970.00 7,283,504,00 13,856,842.00 6,268,638.00 9 Christian ……………. 14,08 483,638,00 823,282.00 15,061,481.00 10 Methodist Episcopal t …. 24.78 18,959,694.00 74,306,888.00 1,640,220,00 2,538,598,00 11 Protestant Episcopal 32.38 5,462,268.00 30,561,218.00' 6,315,993.00 25,282,859.00 12 Lutheran Synodical Conf.· 17.36 3,666,193.00 10,190,649.00 15,117,078,00 6,290,580.00 13 Evangelical Church* 29.89 853,975,00 4,593,584. 00 34,533,132.00 16,598,753.0.0 14 Lutheran, Except 1.2, 19' 16.22 3,671,584.00 11,389,897.00 2,496,836.00 1,193,750.00 38,765,079,00 15 Church of Brethren …… 14.39 446,750.00 16 Baptist in Canada ……. 18.40 537,467.00 2,00J,130.00 17 United Brethren ……… 17.08 1,384,649.00 4,931,344,00 18 Congregational '0' ..••••• 29.36 3,177,075.00 18,2&1,691.00 19 United Lutheran' 1R.02 3,093,764.00 12,023,314.00 20 Reformed, United States " 18.38 1,192,202,00 4,326,528.00 21 Baptist, South ………. 9.88 9,487,314.00 25,045,818.00 22 Disciples of Christ …… 11.87 3,701,068.00 12,897,685.00 23 Methodist Protestant …. 13,38 368,566,00 2,128,270.00 24 Methodist Episcopal (S.) " 16.05 3,389,207.00 …………

——- 24 Communions …… $20.68 $90,1'69,172,00 t$307,355,903. 00 $453,277,2,66,00 • Pigures for the United States and Canada. t Not including Methodist Episcopal, South.

Compiled for the United Stewardship Council, HARRY S. MYERS, Secretary, 276 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

lent headquarters of the denomination States suitable religious reading in are being rapidly concentrated in Chi- their own language. It is the intencago, the only exceptions now being tion of the Society to publish and imthe Board of Foreign Missions, with port Italian books, tracts, pamphlets offices in New York, the Board of and hymnals to counteract the athe- Home Missions and Church Extension istie and bolshevistic literature which with offices in Philadelphia, and the is now being distributed so widely Board of Temperance and Public among the Italians of this conntry. Morals, with offices in Vashington. It is interesting to note that Rev. JUl'. 'resta owes his conversion and Borne Missions Defined later dedication to the work of the ministry to a tract published by the AN interdenominational committee American Tract Society and given to studying the responsibility of the him while carrying water for a group Church in America has recently de- of Italian laborers in Plainfield, New fined Home Missions as follows: "The Jersey. purpose of Home Missions in general is to give' the gospel of Christ in all Stearns Missionary Fund its fullness and the service of Christ in all its implications' to those areas T HE D. M. Stearns ~1issionary and those people who would not other- Fund, Inc., is a channel to conwise have. such ministry. Its chief tinue the work begun by the Rev. D. significance as distinguished from lVI. Stearns of Germantown, Pa., and other forms of Christian work in the in his memory, through which funds Homeland is that it deals primarily may be sent, in full without deducwith the 'margins' of our national tion, to the mission or missionary, all life. 'The last man,' geographically, expenses being met by gifts for that socially, economically, is its chief at- purpose. The total amount contribtentive concern. Without Home Mis- uted in 1924 wa;s $70,755.32, and this sions thc Church could maintain it- was sent to fifty-four different counself wherever the resources and the tries. religious interest are sufficient for the independent maintenance of re- Y. M. C. A. Religious Work Data ligious organizations, but only there. Vithout Home Missions, then, re- T HE Year Book of the Young ligious extension would be limited Men's Christian Association in the largely by consideration of economic United States and Canada contains well-being and of prior religious apti- many interesting figures which tell a tude." story of great significance to him who can read between the lines, and in- Tract Society Centenary terpret the figures in terms of life. In 1,446 Associations reporting some T HE American Tract Society 'will religious work, there are 15,299 per- celebrate the 100th anniversary of sons serving on department commitits founding next May. Plans are tees, thus holding a great body of laynow being made to make this an out- men; 89 religious work secretaries standing event. In the past 100 years and assistants; 1,737 employed Bible the Society has distributed tracts in class teachers, and 4,286 volunteer 178 languages, dialects and char- teachers, another body of interested acters, and nearly a million leaflets, laymen trained in service and pervolumes and periodicals. One of the sonal work with men. The income recent developments of its work is the from contributions, etc., was $143,- establishment of a special Italian de- 309; the expenditures for salaries, partment. of which Rev. Stefano L. office, speakers, etc., was $563,213. Testa will be in charge, to supply for There were 9,581 Bible classes, 7,486 the 1,600,000 Italians in the United of them for boys, where the instruc-

NEWS FRO~I MAXY LAXDS

tion is most needed and fruitful since and help their Indian friends and to none is given in the schools. In these interpret to them the things of the classes there were 232,943 different Christian way of life. It would be students, and 149,674 of them were hard to discover a finer piece of inter- boys. This included 136 in the In- racial cooperation. This is only one dian field, where the Association aids aspect of a broad religious program the home mission forces. 'fhe aggre- which is carried out among th" 676 gate attendance was 3,047,700. Protestant Indians at Haskell out of the total enrollment there of 1,000_ Sonth Supports Negro Schools Tuesday evening is given over to a A STATEMEN'1' recently issued by thoroughly graded school of week-day the John F. Slater l"und gives religious instruction in which the figures that indicate an increasing churches of Lawrence cooperate by public support of county training supplying 26 teachers. On Sunday schools, a distinctive type of training afternoon a regular preaching service institution for Negro teachers in the is maintained and on Sunday evening South. In 1914 there were eight of the regular young people's organizathese schools, with 41 teachers and tions have their meetings. The work 184 students in tile high school grades. at Haskell is under the charge of a Public funds for salaries amounted to Religious Work Director employed by $10,696, and funds administered the Joint Indian Committee of the through the Slater Board amounted Home Missions Council and the Counto $8,189. Ten years later, in 1924, cil of Women for Home Missions. there were 204 schools with 1,297 :B'ive other Religious Work Directors teachers and 6,189 pupils in high' reaching seven other schools are emschool grades. Contributions made ployed.

through the Slater Board for teachers' Presbyterians in Canada Union salaries amounted to $69,300, and publie appropriations had increased I N the reports which the REVIEW has from $10,696 to $594,268. During given from time to time of the the past four years North Carolina has moyement among Methodists, Congre- appropriated from public founds $2,- gationalists and Presbyterians to 200,000 for higher institutions of form "the TJnited Church of Canlearniug for its Negro population. ada, " reference has been made to the opposition to the plan shown by some 'rhi" amount has been devoted to four churches in the last-named denominanormal ~ehools and the Agricultural tion. Figures announced January and Technical College for buildings, 14th by the Church Union bureau of improvements and maintenance. A part was used for secondary educa- information at Toronto show that of tion, since all th ese schools still main- the Presbyterian congregations which had voted on the questions more than tain high school departments. 83 per cent had decided to enter the Government Indian Schools union. Of the 743 congregations vot- A T Ilawrence, Kansas, is a Sunday- ing, 617 deelarpd for union, and of ~ school with a registration of 676 the 617, 396 were unanimous in their Ameri.i,an Indians, students in Has- vote. Congregations voting against kell Inltitute, the government Indian the union numbered 126. '1'he largest school. They represent sixty-five dif- number of churches deciding to enter ferent tribes scattered over the entire the eontinuing Presbyterian Church country. Of the thirty-five classes rather than go with the denomination twenty-five are taught by students of into the union, were from the province Kansas University which is also lo- of Ontario, where 195 voted for union cated at IJawrence. Each Sunday and 90 against it. In Saskatchewan, morning these young people from the on the other hand, 276 were for union university come over to work with and only 9 against. The total COill-

municant membership of city churches the Assistant Secretary of the Y. W. declaring for the union was an- C. A. is a graduate of both the Uni- nounced to be 44,877; that of the city versity of Chile and of the University churches against union, 19,827. It of Pennsylvania. The recent reports has been stated from another source of both of these leaders were to the that 90 per cent of the Presbyterian effect that their comrades were ministers have gone into the United hungry for spiritual truth. They are Church. In several 'roronto congre- ready to listen to the Bible, especially gations whoRe vote was in favor of to the teachings of ,resus which, in the the United Church, anangements final test, they prefer to the rapid have been made, by members who are mysticism of theosophy which has opposed to the union, either to hold such a vogue among their class. separate Sunday services of their own at once or to prepare to do so after Telegraph Line and the Gospel June 10th, when the church union is to become effective. ONE of the workers in Brazil of the Inland South American Mis- LATIN AMERICA sionary Union reports interesting co- operation on the part of government Good Qualities of Indians officials. "A telegraph line cuts across the country, and under the line, the WHILE admitting that among the Brazilian Government keeps an open Indians of South America there road. The line was constructed for are still sonie cannibal tribes, a rep- military purposes, at great expense. resentative of the Evangelical Union It is entirely unremunerative and its of South America writes of the upkeep is very costly, but it provides neglected Red Man in "the neglected an open road for the Gospel into the continent": "In the lowlands of the very heart of the continent. .!Tany of southern republics he still lives along the high officials are Positivists, antithe rivers and in the forests, with his clerical and anxious for the preservabow and arrow, his club and lance, tion and uplift of the Indians. To his paddle and his canoe. He believes the utmost of their power they have in the Great Spirit of whom he lives protected the tribes of the region from in constant dread and fear. He is abuse. The employees of the line are pagan, uncivilized and outlawed, yet strictly forbidden to visit the Indian noble in character and of an affec- villages and any suspicion of immoral tionate nature. He will never forget dealings with the Indians brings ina wrong, but ever remembers a kind- stant dismissal. The officials of the ness; he will not forgive an enemy, line work hand in hand with the Brabut will die for a friend. As a rule zilian Society for the Protection of he care~ for and respects a faithful the Indians, and they share its symwife, and as a parent the Indian is pathetic attitude toward us. We were passionately fond of his children. A invited to hold services at several of kindness to his child will win his the telegraph stations, and found a heart and gain his friendship." wonderful openness to the GospeL"

Christian Chilean Students THE Young Men's and Young EUROPE Women '8 Christian Associations of Santiago, Chile, are actively at C, M. S. Deficit Feared • work, seeking to uphold New Testament ideals and promote Bible study THE financial outlook of the Church among groups which the missionaries Missionary Society was referred probably would never reach through to in the November REVIEW. A later ordinary channels. The chairman of report states the the General Commitreligious work in the Y. M. C. A. is tee of the Church Missionary Society, a senior in the Teachers' College, and at their meeting in December last, pledged themselves corporately and individually to regular prayer for the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

deepening of spiritual life and for an Spain out of 21,000,000; and 1,000,- income adequate to the needs of the 000 in France out of its 40,000,000 Society lor the year ending March population. The Sunday-school en- 31st. They also called upon all C. M. rollment is usually about half of the Association Committees and individ- total Protestant constituency, so that ual supporters of the Society to join the enrollment in Sunday-schools and them in thus waiting upon God for in parochial or other church schools His solution of the present problem. might be given as 3,500 in Portugal, The sum needed to cover the year's 6,000 in Spain and 200,000 in France.

work to March 31st was £520,000. Of In Portugal there seems to exist, more this sum, £168,000 had been received than in the other countries, a sense up to the end of 1924. and a bond of unity between the workers of different sections and of Protestants in S. E. Europe different church affiliations. In these PRINCIPAL D. S. CAIRNS, D.D., countries, as in all Europe, the Sun- of Aberdeen, wrote after a visit to day-school is largely a children's Hungary and Czecho·Slovakia: "No school; still in Portugal the leaders man can tell what is brewing in the are particularly alive to the fact that witches' cauldron of southeastern most schools lose nearly all their Europe. Left to themselves, I do not pupils at the beginning of adolescence SUPpOSE' these war-worn populatious and so fail for the most part to make would fight again for a' generation. permanent contribution to the de- But with the sinister power of Soviet velopment of Christian character.

Russia in the background, one can- not tell what may happen… The Jews Baptized in Poland C true hope for the future lies with theONDITIONS in Poland today are unprecedented. As a result of little Reformed churches of these troubled lands. There seems to me no the Great War, Poland has regained outlook if either of these extremes of her freedom and has been given large atheistic revolution or Roman reaction accessions of territory in which dwell is to prevail. Each feeds the other, several millions of Jews, and in that and in these two extremes there is no part of the country in which the Lon- outlook for Eastern Europe. But it don Jews' Society has worked for over is otherwise with the Reformed one hundred years with remarkable Churches. '1'he Reformed faith has success, tl18 .Jews today are beginning always shown a remarkable power of to show an extraordinary hunger for producing statesmen, and it wields an things spiritual. The following in- infiuenc'e in this direction still in these stances are said to be typical: "At lands entirely out of proportion to its Sieradz it was possible, by permission numbers." of the Chief of Police, to hold a large European Sunday-Schools open-air meeting', which was attended by hundreds of Jews. At Zduns- P0.R'l'1JGAL and France both en- kaw()la the use was obtained of a joy religious liberty, so that evan- church holding 1,200 people. This gelical work in these countries can was completely filled with an audience develop without governmental inter- of Jews and .Jewesses, who listened ference. In Spain the work is "toler- attentively to expositions of the Mes- ated" but suffers from the pronouneed sianic prophecies given by the mis- Roman Catholic attitude of the peo- sionaries. At 'Warsaw, Rev. H. C.

ple, as well as from certain imposed Carpenter, the head of the mission, restrictions. The evangelical forces and himself a Hebrew Christian, is in all these countries are only a small holding practically a continuous bap- proportion of the population, perhaps tismal class, and recently the Bishop 6,000 adherents in Portugal out of a of North and Central Europe con- popnlation of 4,000,000; 10,000 in firmed twenty-four Hebrew Chri8-

tians of different ranks, one of whom ing capacity is so limited. In the was a rabbi, who had definitely de- primary room there are more than cided for Christ and been baptized." eighty little tots sandwiched in. We are compelled to say to other appli- Miracle Working in Italy ?ants, ' You ,cannot come in. There IS not room. A VOICE .PROM ITALY gives the following acconnt of an evidence "We should not be surprised that of fanatical superstition in modern these hundreds of boys and girls are Italy: "A notice was affixed to the crowding into our Sabbath-school and walls of the principal churches in into our village evangelistic services Rome, calling on the faithful to gather for many Kortcha parents have in in force on the afternoon of Sunday, their earlier veal'S attended our Sun- June Sth, in order to take part in a day-school. tntil these formal Greeksolemn procession which would move Orthodox Christians fully awaken to from the Basilica or S. John Lateran the spiritual needs of their youth and to the Church of the Gesu (the J es- until their Church provides religious uits' church) in Corso Vittorio instruction for them, our opportunity Emanuele. The object of the proces- is tremendous. We might say, as in sion was 'the translation of the Cllrist's time, that the people 'have wonder-working arm of S. Francis nothing to eat' and we do not wish to Xavier' from the one place to the send them away hungry. other. This said arm had been journeying to Malta, where it went " Our own -equipment is very meagre to combat the nefarious work of one and the laborers are very few. But or two earnest men, who try to cir- we pray that, under our Lord's blessculate the Scriptures and read the ing, our limited copies of the New same with those who visit them Testament and few Gospel hymnprivately. Letters received from booles may be used by Him to reach Malta testify to the frenzy of fanati- this multituoe. As no mission board cism roused by the said arm, which is now working in Albania, those who passed through streets crowded with are prompted to help this work may 'worshippm's,' where flowers rained send subscriptions to 'The Albanian from windows hung with costly Mission J<lund, , care of Guaranty tlraperies. " Trust Co. of New York, 140 Broad- way, New York City, New York"

Work in Albania A LBANIA was declared a republic Russian Student Conference on .January 2t1st, but as yet no Evangelical mission board has estab- T HE second all-European Conferlished work in this important and ence of the Ru~sian Student Chrisneedy neld. A lone Protestant mis- tian Mo'ement in Vestern Europe sionary conple, Rev. and Mrs. Phineas was held at Prerov, Czecho-Slovakia, B. Kennedy, vvho went out from September 8-14. Fifty-six persons America about twenty years ago, are took part this year, including eleven carrying on an independent work in " foreigners" — Bulgarians, Ameri- Kortcha, supported by voluntary con- cans and Swiss. A writer in The Intributions. ];fl'. Kennedy writes: tcrcollegian sars: "We were con- scious that we were participants in a "Albania's last census gives a total genuine spiritual movement, that population of SfJO,OOO, of whom 169,- there were serious problems before us 000 are Greek-Orthodox Christian and to be solved, that we must face each 118,000 Roman Catholic Christian. frankly and squarely, and work out The remaining 382,000 are Moham- solutions 1I0t merely acceptable to the medan. majority of the circles but which would appear to us in the line of "Our Sabbath·school is crowded God's purpose for the entire movewith two hundred or more pupils, ment." most of whom stand because the seat-

1925J NEVI'S FR01f 11:ANY LANDS

AFRICA Prime Minister's palace, specially An A£riean Educator adapted and furnished for Associa- DR. J. K. AGGREY, of the Phelps- tion use, houses Central "Y." It Stokes Commission, visited Mu- stands in a garden containing two kono. where the divinity college acres of ground, centrally located, of thl) Church :lIissionary Society· and was the gift of American Y. 11. for the Uganda Protectorate is C. A. 'so Standing committees of located. The principal, Canon E. members carryon the monthly activi- S. Daniell, writes of this visit as fol- ties, with nine trained secretaries relows: "Dr. Aggrey is an ~tfrican lilted to these committees as technical gentleman, truly consecrated to the advisers and executives. The outservice of God and of his own people. ~tanding feature of this first year has He is not ashamed of his people, but been the amount of voluntary service he is burning with desire to lift them given by members.

to where they should be. I shall never forget with what indigna.tion Medicine Man a Convert he recounted the question put to him REV. GEORGE SCHWAB, misby a 'Vest African official: 'But, Dr. sionary at the Sakbayeme station Aggrey, Mohammedanism is really in West Africa, reports great satisthe best religion for your people, is faction in a catechumen now being it not'?' With a flash in his eye, but trained at that station for church in all good temper, he replied: 'What! membership-an elderly man who has Is the African such an inferior being long been the most feared medicine that the best is not for him? Are we man and diviner in the whole neighso created that we cannot rise to the borhood. About two years ago the highest? 'What does Mohammedanism local chief of the neighborhood died, offer us that we had not before? It and it was the common belief of the offers us four wives. Had we not people that this diviner had killed four wives in our heathen state? him by following him stealthily Where does Mohammedanism raise through the forest and thrusting his spear into the chief '8 shadow when us?' "

the chief was not watching. Of Cairo Y. M. C. A. course, such a man, while perhaps in CAIRO is the latest capital city to no sense responsible for the chief's open a national Young Men's death, was regarded with great terror Christian Association. The first by the natives. And Mr. Schwab did members of Central Branch joined not know that the man had deserted January 5, 1923. In twelve months his il.lcantations until, very much as- more than 700 men had become mem- tonished, he recognized him in a class bers. '['he Erst year of such an or- of inquirers about to be passed to the ganization is largely one of plans and second stage of catechism. He then hopes. Nevertheless, there are accom- learned that one of the natiye work- plishments which call for gratitude ers, who is now in the school for pas- to God and justify larger hopes for tors at McI,ean Memorial station, the future. In its mpmbership are Lolodol'f, had had the courage to ap- men of every community – Moslems, proach this seemingly hopeless devo- Jews: and Christians, but its Egyptian tee of the native religion and had character is insured by requiring succeeded in winning him to Christ.

eighty per cent of the members to be The diviner is now said to be showing Moslems. To eliminate causes for as deep earnestness in perfecting disunion, no controversy is allowed himself in understanding of the on religious or political questions; Christian faith as he ever showed in mutual respect is expected for differ- the practice of his heathen rites.- ences of faith and party. A former The Continent.

New College for Gold Coast tuguese East Africa by slow methods of infiltration. Indian traders, large- THE college which is being started ly Moslem, have opened small stores at Achimota, near Accra, on the all along the coast region. These Gold Coast, and which is being fi- Indian traders, inured to the subnanced by the Government, is a prac- tropical climate, quickly establish tical demonstration of the interest in themselves where no Europeans find African education expressed by the it possible to live. Frequently com- British Colonial Government. The ing as young unmarried men, they staff is chiefly composed of men who marry one or more natives, and, tohave been or would have become mis- gether with the children which come sionaries. Rev. A. G. Fraser, former- rapidly, quite a Moslem community ly of Trinity College, Kandy, Ceylon, results. Mosques are to be found in is the Principal, and his colleague is the leading towns of southeast Africa, Dr.•J. E. K. Aggrey, the distinguished and the Indian population forms a African referred to in the January very important element….. Very lit- REVIEW. He is well known for his tle Christian missionary work is being work on both of the African Educa- conducted among the Moslems of the tion Commissions as well as for his east coast of Africa." reputation for cooperation and his power of interpreting the ideas of Slavery in Portuguese Africa one race to the other. He was for twenty years in America and taught REPORTS of slavery in certain at Livingstone College, Salisbury, parts of Africa have been re- North Carolina, and he has taken his ferred to from time to time in the Ph.D. from Columbia University. He REVIEW, In East Africa, under Poris well ~mown in America, Europe, tuguese rule, slave holding has been and Afl'lca, and has the peculiar gift made technically illegal, but through of gaining the confidence of Govern- cunning devices of many kinds forced ment, natives, and missions by his labor under most oppressive condiunquenchable goodwill. "Achimota," tions is still maintained. In the provsays the paper published by· Hamp- ince of Mozambique the following ton Institute, "is an experiment labor regulations among others have which is just beginning, and all sec- been adopted: tions and individuals interested in Negro education, not only in West Natives who do not perform their labor Africa, but over the whole continent yoluntarily may be inyited to work for the ?f Africa and in America are expect- compl.my or iuclividuals, and in the ease of mg great things from it." refusal or resi;tance may be condemned to correctional labor under the surveillance of Islam in East Africa the police, during which they will be lodged and fed and will receive a wage in kind REV. ERNEST W. RIGGS writes corresponding to one third of that paid to of "the interesting side-lights" otlwr laborers. Employ81's may requisition 011 the advance of Mohammedanism the labors of natives condemned to correcwhich he secured during a recent visit honal labor under police surveillance from to the east coast of Africa: tbe company In the same manner.

"In Zanzibar I learned from Arch- In Angola in 'Vest Africa every deacon Hallett that the spread of able-bodied native is required to give Mohammedanism is still continuing. not less than !)O days every year to I happened to be there upon a Mo- some form of indu~trial establishment, hammedan feast day and certainly and if the native does not volunteer the evidences of devotion to the faith for this service he is pro facto conwere abundant throughout the to~ demned to ] 80 days' labor. "These," and the native village. Mohammed- comments The Presbyterian Survey, anism is permeating Natal and Por- "are rather high prices for these helpless people to pay for the bless- ings of Portuguese rule."

NEWS FRO]{ MANY LANDS

THE NEAR EAST familiar with our Scriptures, con- stantly in view. It is a 'Life of Expulsion of the Patriarch Christ' and the first of its kind in Arabic, written quite fully, and is a THE controversy over the status of book of 700 pages. This has only just the Ecumenical Patriarch, who been published, and I ask the prayers had been warned before his election of the friends of missions that it may that he belonged to the category of accomplish the object for which it was exchangeable Greeks, but who claimed written." exemption on the ground that at Lausanne the Turks had agreed to with- Modern Moslem Persecution draw their claim for the removal of the Patriarchate, was abruptly cut THE RT. REV. J. H. LINTON, short by the expulsion of Mgr. Con- who has the episcopal oversight of stantine VI. from Constantinople. On the work of the Church Missionary instructions received at midnight by Society in Persia, tells of a Persian telegram from Angora, the Constan- Christian who said: "I would be willtinople police notified the Patriarch ing to be put to death for my faith. in the early morning that he had to Indeed, I would rejoice to be counted leave the city, and there and then worthy of martyrdom. That would conveyed him to the Passport Office never make me hold back. But that in Stamboul. Two hours later Mgr. is not the way of Islam today. And Constantine A,raboglou left by train what I do find hard is the loss of old for Salonika. friends and relatives who now cut me in the street. And what I should fear Books for Mosle:ms more than death would be to be ex- pelled from my home and my town, to AVETERAN missionary to Syria, see my wife and children driven to Rev. George A. Ford, D.D., writes destitution, and myself an outcast in the Presbyterian Magazine of the from society." fruitful work of his later years: "It has lately been my privilege to pub- Persian Evangelists lish an irenic tract for Moslems entitled, 'The Light of the World, ' which AWELCOME feature of the work has been well received by many Mos- of the Church Missionary Society lem readers. I have also published a in Persia is the great increase in the work called, 'The Combined Gospels.' zeal of the converts to evangelize their With this class of readers especially own people. Voluntary evangelistic in mind, one can understand the bands are formed, and Bishop Linton measure of confusion such readers feel says that it is a great privilege to go in the" effort to get a clear picture of out preaching with one or other of the Gospel story, by reading the four these bands, and that it is a joy to be independent Gospels. This new book present at the report meeting when takes the exact language of Scripture, they all gather to tell what God has weaving the quadruple story into one, wrought. 'rhere is now hardly a vilwith due attention to the historical lage within a considerable radius of sequence and avoiding all repetition the mission stations where some are without omitting any phrase or term not found who have been to the C. M. of meaning or significant word, even, S. hospital at Isfahan, or in some that is furnished by anyone of the other way have heard the Gospel. Evangelists. Over 20,000 copies of the Scriptures, gospels, etc., were sold in Persia last "My latest work is also much the year. largest and it has been prepared with the needs of Moslem readers, un-

MISSIONARY

Samuel Reynolds House, of Siam, Pioneer was often in danger afnroemlepphlaangtueos~ Me die a I Missionary, 1847·1876. By and epidemics. Once George Haws Feltus. Dlus. 256 pp. which he was riding, in sudden anger $2.00. New York. 1924. drove his tusks into the Doctor's ab: "The man with the gentle heart," domen, so that he was obliged in the as he was regarded in Siam, was one of the pioneers of modern medicine wilderness to sew up the gaping in the little known "Kingdom of the Free." When Dr. Harris arrived wound and was carried in great sufthere in 1847, his predecessor was in America and the young doctor began fering to the Laos station to which he his career which called for a "specialist in a score of diseases and was journeying to care for one of operations. " " A Sudden Plunge Into Work," the first chapter, still the missionary ladies. Dr. House was leaves space for an account of the doctor's early years, when his father eminently an educator and he helped conducted a Sunday.school for col· ored children first in a carpenter shop to start a missionary school for and later transferred to the gallery of the church. The father also built Siamese young women which now at his own expense a "session house" for Sunday·school and prayer meet- bears the name of his wife. When ings, while the mother was not only a prominent member of the "Female the reviewer, a few years ago, visited Cent Society" giving each a cent a week to "poor and pious young men it, this school had among its students pursuing their studies in the theological seminary at Princeton," but who daughters of some forty governors. also dedicated young Samuel to foreign missions from his infancy. The 'l'he part in the work taken by Mrs. medical education of Samuel House was preceded by courses at Dart- House is so important that it is given large space in the biography, as is the life of Siam's greatest native leader thus far, the Rev. Boon Itt, who was brought to America and after full education returned to Siam to pioneer native Christian leadership. The careers of these three important per- sons are sketched in a way that re- veals the value of the adjuvant forces of the Gospel in a land which has always been more open to indirect Christian influences than to the Gos- H. ~. B. pel of Jesus Christ.

mouth and Union Colleges, and a valuable technical course at Rens- Chamberlain's 1apanese Grammar. Revised se1aer Polytechnic Institute at Troy. by Major J. G. McIlroy. pp. VIII, 144.

As a John the Baptist of Western Price, $2.00; postpaid, $2.10. Chicago.

science and medicine in Siam Dr. August, 1924.

House could present facts in a wholly As a rule, learning to read a for- comprehensible way, with experi. eign language is less difficult than ments that amazed the people. He learning to speak it. This is, however, won the affectionate reg a r d of not the case with Japanese. Though three Kings of Siam, and interested most foreigners residing in Japan in science the higher Buddhist priest- sooner or later pick up enough of the hood, one of whom later became King. language to make themselves under- Thus he had an entree into the hiooh- stood in ordinary conversation, very est circles, where he was ever true'"to few ever learn to read Japanese. This his Christian principles, and main- is due in a large measure to the fact tained a spotless character. His life that there is quite a difference be- 334 tween the spoken and written dialects. to gathering in systematic outline the The difference is partially in the vo- teaching of many books concerning cabulary but chiefly in the verb and the nature and the acquisition of true adjective inflections. And to add to wisdom. The entire work is outlined the difficulty, there aTe several dis- as follows; ~inct style~ in the written language Book I. The God of All: The God Who Itself. It IS true that there is now a is in All. strong tendency to make the spoken Book II. The Discovery and the Conand written language more and more al~ke ; and possibly some day they quest of the Divine in Oneself. Book III. The Union of All in the One in All.

~11I be as nearly identical as they are The author has expended a large III modern English. It is still neces- amount of labor in bringing together the thought of the most diverse types sary, however, as Major McIlroy of thinkers in an effort to show that points out in his introductory chap- after aU it is oue thought. The result ter, to master four rather distinct is interesting and informing as a book styles of the written language if one of reference. but it is not convincing would feel at home with the printed as the author is ready to grant that page. These are the semi-classical India and its faiths are destined to sty~e, the semi-colloquial style, the lead humanity. Chmese style, and the epistolary style. Those of us who believe the Chris- tian Scriptures to set forth God's For many years Western students unique revelation to man may be led have used Chamberlain's Simplified by t.hi~ compilat~on to a higher ap- Japanese Grammar but this book has preCIatIOn of the Illcomparable superinow been out of print for some time. ority of the Divine revelation which has come to us in Christ. Major lfcIlroy, who is an expert in the language and as such is attached This book of "Wisdom" is an ilto the Military Intelligence Division lustration of the difficulties which en- compass the man or woman who is of the General Staff of the United trying" to think iudepend€ntly. We States Army, has, therefore, rendered look in vain for the light from the ~ real ~er'ice in revising and amplify- vague statements as to sin, God and mg thIS grammar and making it once soul which :flll the pages of such writmore available. Even those who pos- ers as Firdausi, Hitopadesha, Vivesess the older book will find that this kananda and Hamakrishna. revised edition contains very valuable additions and improvements. Per- J. c. R. E. ~aps the most important of these is III connection with his treatment of t~e verb which is notoriously the most Habeeb, a Boy of Palestine. Mary Entdifficult part of the language. His wlstle. 12mo. 92 pp. 28. London. 1924. general rule by which it becomes an easy matter to separate the written Here is a well illustrated, readable verb into its stem and its inflelltions story of the IJand of the Book and the will be of real value. On the basis of people of modern Palestine. It will this rule the author gives a list of help boys and girls to understand the verb an~ adjective inflections filling Bible better and to visualize the about thirty pages. This list makes earthly life of Jesus.

the volume practically a grammatical Wilfred Grenfell, The Master Mariner Basil Mathews. 12 mo. 178 pp. Map dilltionary which ought to prove of great service to the student of the and Illustrations. $1.50. New York. 1924.

language. A. K. R. Few modern missionaries have en- The Eternal Wisdom. Paul Richard. 134 joyed a life as full of adventure and pp. Madras. 1922. practical service as Doctor Grenfell This remarkable little book is the of Newfoundland and the Labrador.

first of several volumes to be devoted The life story of this master mission-

ary navigator is told for young people little book. Dr. Park::; is a gifted by a master narrator. Boys especially writer who knows how to use English will enjoy it, and will be stimulated with graceful effects. He is an out and to heroic service by the example of the out modernist and his five chapters missionary physician, mariner, magis- on The Origin and Spirit of Mod- trate and trader. ernism, The Supernatural and Mirac- ulous, Two Supreme Miracles, (i. e., Informing Your l'ublic. Irving Squire and the Resurrection and the Virgin Kirtland A. Wilson. 12 mo. $1.50. 1924. Birth) Intellectual Integrity, and The Educating the public is a difficult Purpo~e of the Modernist, are the retask but it is essential if their interest, sympathy and cooperation are to be sult of requests for a short book to enlisted. This book tells how right explain the present controversy from publicity methods lay the foundations a Modernist standpoint. for training cheerful givers to welfare and religioU's enterprises. The essen- According to Dr. Parks' definition Modernism is a "state of mind, " with a reverent attempt to bring out of the tial point is to present important, con- churches' treasury things new and vincing facts that awaken a desire to old. The book is too brief to be really help. satisfactory, for the author leaves the Souls, Sounds and Scenes of an Egyptian reader wondering sometimes why he Village. Arthur Y. Steele. Illus. 12000. draws his conclusions from the 18, 2d. L·oudon. 1924. meagre evidence which he produces. For example, he reasons against the The Oriental is given to parables, and a missionary in the Near East bodily resurrection of our Lord, behere uses scenes in the lives of the cause the references to the body of Egyptian potter, fisherman, carpenter Jesus are few, and are confined to and merchant to illustrate spiritual statements about his hands, feet and truth. They are interesting word pic- side. Also in dealing with the probtures and carry practical lessons. lem of the Virgin Birth, the author decides against it on the ground that Never Man So Spake. Howard B. Grose. it is unlikely, since neither Peter, nor Paul, mentions it specifically. This 267 pp. $1.75. New York. 1924.

Reality is demanded by our age argument from silence is at best of and Dr. Grose attempts to meet this demand. He seeks to picture .Jesus doubtful validity. as a reality-a living teacher, and asks the readers to go to school again, The chapter on Intellectual Integto learn from His own lips the lessons of spiritual birth and growth. rity is a clever but unsatisfactory plea The ground covered is much the for covering the unwillingness of the same as that treated in Glover's "Jesus in the Experience of Men," modernist to state his beliefs with or by Dickey in "The Constructive Revolution of Jesus." definiteness on the ground that great The contents are divided into two ideas like Truth, Goodness, God, canstudies of The Teacher and His School not be defined. He claims that neither the modernist nor the· traditionalist is to be trusted, because they do not mean what they say! The book will leave many wondering what they are to believe. J. F. R.

and The Teaching of Jesus Concern- The China Mission Year Book. Twelfth . ing God, Himself, The Holy Spirit, Issue. Edited by Frank Rawlinson.

Character, Sin, Salvation, Prayer, 12mo. 548 pp. Shanghai and New York. and The Life Hereafter. J. F. R. 1924.

This year book is rich in liP-to-date What Is Modernism! Leighton Parks. information. After a review of China 154 pages. $1.00. New York. 1924. Today, a section by various authors Some will rejoi<le, while others will is devoted to Christianity and the Re- lament, over the publication of this ligions of China; others deal with