The Missionary Review of the World — September 1935

1935

The Only Christian College in Iran Samuel M. Jordan Islam's Debt to the Bible Samuel M. Zwemer Federal Favor for Fetishism Flora Warren Seymour Always Something New in Turkey Charles Trowbridge Riggs What Is a Faitll Mission?

Robert Hall Glover Forty-seven Years Among Chinese Jonathan Goforth Front Page News-An Airplane Crash!

R. w. Hambrook 25 Cents a Cop, $2.50 a YeaI'

to Remember Obituary Note. Mrs. Lucy W. Peabody has

September 3-S-Negro National Bap- Miss Stella Relyea, who had served from the chairmanship of the Associa- tist Convention, 143d Street Armory, 37 years under the Baptist Board in tion of Baptists for Evangelism in the Harlem, New York. China, died May 7 at Clifton Springs, Orient. She has been succeeded in N. Y. In 1902 she became principal' the chairmanship by Rev. Harold T. September 16-23-School of Missions, of Chung Md Girls' School in Kinwha. Commons, of Johnson City, New York. Minnesota. Mrs. A. F. Auguster, The work of this Association is con- 1536 Van Buren St., St. Paul, Min- fined to the Philippine Islands. nesota. *** *** September 17-24–School of Missions, Warren, Ohio. Mrs. Geo. Konold, 314 Mrs. Archibald Hore, for many Rev. Paul Shinji Sasaki, professor Scott St., N. E., Warren, Ohio. years associate editor of the Spirit of Liturgics and Applied Theolog~-, of 1ldissions, died last June in Scotch Central Theological College, St. Paul's September 27-0ctober 6 – Interna- Plains, N. J., at the age of 86. tional Committee of International University, Tokyo, has been elected Missionary Council. Northfield, *** second Bishop of the diocese of Mid- Mass. Japan. He will be the fourth native Bishop Arthur Stanley Ward, of of Japan to be elevated to the Angli- October 15-20 – International Con- the Moravian Church, died May 27, in can espiscopate. vention of the Disciples of Christ. his 71st year. He was born in Ja- San Antonio, Texas. maica, where his father was a mis- * October 16, 17-American Mission to sionary. Bishop Ward was a member Rev. G. A. Riggs, Baptist mission- Lepers. Annual Meeting, New of the General Missions Board of the York, N. Y. Moravian Church. ary in Puerto Rico, is celebrating the October 22-Five Years' Meeting of :;: * * silver jubilee of his service in the the Friends. Richmond, Ind. Levi Mumaw, Yice-President of the island. * * '" October 2S-November 1 – Houston. Mennonite Board of Missions and Texas. Mrs. E. B. Mohle, 2309 Charities, diE'd at his home at Scott- Dr. T. L. Holcomb, of Oklahoma Robinhood, Houston, Texas. dale, Pa., .Tune 4. In addition to his City, has ~ucceeded Dr. L J. Van Ness duties in conncctilil1 with the mission November 17-Men and Mission Sun- activitics he was secretary-treasurer as Secretary-Treasurer of the South- day. Topic: "Jesus Christ and the of the Mennonite Publishing House at World Today." For source material Scottdale, and secretary of the Men- ern Baptist Sunday School Board. write to the Laymen's Missionary nonite Central Committee, a relief or- Movement, 19 S. La Salle St., Chi- ganization that carried on extensive * *' * cago. work in the Near East and Russia after the war. Dr. Daw Saw Sa, who is noJw in December 7-Universal Bible Sunday. private medical practice in Burma, '" * * takes an active interest in missionary December 28, 1935-January 1, 1936- work, and represented the National Student Volunteer Convention. In- Miss Elma French, missionary of Missionary Council of India, Burma dianapolis, Ind. and Ceylon, at the International Mis- the Reformed Prellbyterian Church in sionary Council Meeting at Lake Mo- the Levant, passed away April 26 at honk, New York, in 1921. She was Aleppo, Syria. Miss French had been formerly Head of the Lady Dutferin on the field about twenty-seven years. Hospital at Rangoon. The greater part of her work was in Mersine, Asia Minor, where she did ** outstanding work in the schools and for the refugees and Armenians Dr. J. J. Lucas, of the American through their trying years. Presbyterian Mission, who began his service in 1870, is the senior mission- ary of North India. He has beeR active with his pen and recently has published a history of the North India Tract and Book Society.

Printin Personal Items •*• When You Require It Dr. and Mrs. Daniel A. Poling, Dean L. S. Cozart, of Barber-Scotia President of the World Christian En- Presbyterian School at Concord, N. C., We wish to ext••d to you an invi- deavor Union, sailed from New York has been accorded several honors as a tation to become acquainted with on a round-the-world tour on July reward for outstanding service. The THE EVANGELICAL PRESS of 12th. Mter visiting Europe and at- Governor of North Carolina asked him Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. tending the Christian Endeavor Con- to serve as a member of a special com- vention in Budapest, they plan to visit mittee of fifty, composed of 25 whites Thousands of institutions and individ- Greece, Egypt, the Holy Lands, and and 25 Negroes, to gather facts reuals have accepted a similar invitation, go through Persia and Iraq to India, garding Negro teachers in North Caroand have enjoyed a profitable printing Siam, China, Korea, Japan, and Aus- lina. He was also asked by the State association for years. Department of Education to serve on Our specialty is Books, Magazines and tralia. Dr. and Mrs. Poling expect to the Textbook Committee, the first Booklets. We have modern equipment to meet all the requirements of your be in Hawaii in March and to return Negro in the history of North Carolina particular job. Our service is quick, to the United States in April, 1936. to be asked to' help select its textbooks. careful and courteous. ,. '* '" * ,. * Why not allow us to estimate on your next printing? You will be delighted Dr. James L. Barton has retired Dr. Harold A. Moody, Negro phywith our product, price, and service. from the office of President of the gov- sician in London, is the founder and erning boards of the three union col- president of the League of Colored The Evangelical Press leges for women in India, an office Peoples, organized in London four which he has held since their organiza- years ago to promote the economic, Printers 01 tion. He has also resigned as chair- educational, political and social inter- man of the trustees of the v,ralker ests of colored peoples in Great The Missionary Review of the World Missionary Homes, Auburndale, Mass., Britain and America. He has been after thirty-five years of service. elected president of the British Chris- PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE: tian Endeavor Union. **• Third and Reily Streets Harrisburgl Pa. *** Dr. Walter Van Kirk, Secretary of the Department of International Jus- Dr. Robert Cochrane has resigned tice and Goodwill of the Federal Coun- the medical secretaryship of the Brit- cil of ChUrches, has been designated ish Empire Leprosy Relief Associa- as the special investigator with regard to the possibility of establishing an tion to work as a volunteer for five American church in Moscow to serve years among lepers in India. He will members of the American colony. (Concluded on page 385.)

MISSIONARY Times may grow worse, but the RE- America and open fQr engagemet;lts

REVIEW OF THE WORLD VIEW grows better." during the autumn. Arrangements may be made through Dr. David Por- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor REV. HOWARD A. ADAIR. ter, Headmaster of Mount Hermon Paterson, N. J. School, Massachusetts. Dr. Koo is VOL. LVIII SEPT.,1935 No.9 one of the mQst brilliant, eloquent and *** Publication and Business Office– convincing speakers who have visited Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. "The July issue has just come and America. He is especially effective is more fascinating than ever." with young people and miscellaneous Editorial and Executive Office– 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. REV. MARTIN P. SIMON. audiences. Entered as second-class matter at Eugene, Oregon. *** Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under *** Act of March 3, 1879. Dr. K. S. Oh, a Korean Christian The article on "The Spiritual Con- physician, has been elected President 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. dition of the Heathen," by Dr. Frost, of Severence Union Medical College in Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. in the July REVIEW, is the strongest Seoul, KQrea, as successor to Dr. O. Published monthly, except August. argument I have seen for the imme- All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. diate evangelization of the non-Chris- R. Avison, retired. Dr. Oh is a rep- British agents – Marshall, Morgan tian wQrld. It shows what God resentative of the Southern Presbyte- and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, teaches in His Word and ought to be rian Church. He was born in Korea London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, widely read. on October 4, 1877, of Christian par- 10 shillings a year. ents, and after completing his course HORACE N. DOUGHERTY. at the Pai-Chai Middle School came MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- New York City. LISHING CO., INC. to America and studied at Center Col- BOARD OF DIRECTORS Personal Items lege, Kentucky, and the University of ROBERT E. SPEER, President (Concluded from 2d Cover.) Louisville, after which he returned to WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer go to the Leper Settlement in Madras Korea. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary for a five years' period of 'intensive research into the treatment of leprosy ••ttAWonderful Help SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT on the most modern lines. He will MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD live among the 750 patients at the onThe Foreign Field"

WM. B. LIPPHARD Settlement. * * * The School That Comes to You… By Mail!

ERIC M. NORTH Misses Mildred Cable, Evangeline "Your school is a wonderful help here on JESSE R. WILSON and Francesca French, the three in- the foreIgn held and I am so happy to have trepid piQneer workers for the China my children so well educated," writes a A. L. WARNSHUIS Inland Mission, who were held pris- parent whose children are studying Calvert oners three years ago in the Gobi Courses in far off China. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Desert, returned to their work in northwest China last month. They For 28 years. Calvert School has had a part Editorial Chat are accompanied by "Topsy," their in educatmg the children of famIlies in sixteen-year-old deaf and dumb Chi- Missionary work . . . in giving them the Our June Special Home Mission nese adopted child. rich, cultural background of an Amencan Number has been enthusiastically re- private school. ceived. Now is the time to order *** copies for pastors and Mission Study No matter where your mission, Calvert Classes. This issue of the REVIEW, The Rev. C. Y. Cheng, D.D., LL.D. School will come to you with complete with its wealth of Home Mission in- (Dr. Cheng Ching-yi), has resigned courses of instruction for your children formation, will be a stimulus to many. as general secretary of the National from kindergarten to high school age. Special rates for quantities ordered at Christian Council of China. He has one time. been for 25 years a leader in China, All lessons, books, stationery and special remarkable for his winning personal- Calvert educational devices are supplied *** ity, broad statesmanship and marked from our rrominent and successful pnvate ability. He was chairman of the Chi- day schoo in Baltimore. As noted in our July issue, the Au- nese National Christian Conference in gust number Qf the REVIEW was omit- 1932 and has made several visits to These simple, understandable, moderately ted – to save expense and because Europe and America. He originated pnced Home Instruction Courses arc a many readers are away from home. the Five Year Program of Evangelism unique and satisfactory way of solving your To compensate for this the June, July, for China and has been moderator of b~l~~'s educational problem in the foreign September and October issues each the General Assembly of the Church contain sixteen pages extra. Do not of Christ in China since its organiza- Lessons MlY Be Storied It Any Time miss their wealth of material. tion. Dr. Cheng is now placing him- self at the disposal of the United Write today. Get full information about *** Church Qf Christ to work for the unity Calvert-"The School That Comes to and upbuilding of the Christian cause You." See what Calvert is doing for The REVIEW has been warmly rec- among his people. others . • • it will do the same for your ommended at many Qf the Summer Conferences and Schools of M.issions. *** – – – – – children. – – – – – – – – – – – If it is not on sale, or is not mentioned at any conference yQU attend, please Rev. James H. Nicol, of Syria, is CALVERT SCHOOL speak about it to leaders and write to temporarily filling the place of Dr. us that we may correct the oversight. Cleland B. McAfee, in the Presbyte- Mrs. G. S. Rhoads It is your magazine. rian Board of Foreign Missions, Dr. Director of Home Instruction McAfee being laid aside by illness. What you say*, a*nd w* hat others say, 189 W. Tusclny ROld *** helps the REVIEW and helps the Cause BALTIMORE, MARYLAND of Christ. Already we have been Dr. Toyohiko Kagawa, the foremost asked to reprint three articles fro'm Christian leader of Japan, is expected Name recent numbers. Notice what some to arrive in America in December for Address readers say: a six months' lecture tour. One of his principal addresses will be at the Stu- Child'. Age_ _ "The June (Home Mission Number) dent Volunteer Convention in Indianis especially strong and valuable. I apolis, December 28th. Dr. Kagawa's wish that all our Home Mission boards speaking engagements are being made would order a large number of copies by Miss Helen Topping, 2969 Vernon to distribute throughout the Church." Ave., Chicago, Ill.

JOHN McDOWELL, Secretary of *** Board of National Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. Dr. T. Z. Koo, the well-known Chi- nese Christian speaker, is now in *** [385 ] "I rejoice in the continued high character and helpfulness of the articles in the MISSIONARY REVIEW.

DAY FOR HEALTHFUL SPORT AT ALBORZ COLLEGE

STUDENTS OF ALBORZ COLLEGE AND HIGH SCHOOL IN ASSEMBLY Note that Persian Students Wear Their Caps in Chapel TRAINING PERSIAN YOUTH IN BODY, MIND AND SPIRIT

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVIII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRES!'l NUMBER 9 SEPTEMBER, 1935 Topics of the Times NEED FOR REVIVAL IN EUROPE (5) Modern rationalism and humanism also deify humanity and humanize God. This tend- All Europe is like a volcano, a powder box or a ency leads to the exaltation of reason, science and cauldron "where the devil's broth is brewing." the material universe, and to the degradation of Miss Ruth Paxson, a well-known Bible teacher humanity by the worship of the creature rather and Christian ambassador, who has been spend- than the Creator. ing some months on the Continent, calls attention to the following outstanding antireligious factors (6) These influences lead to paganism with its that are working against Christ today: attendant nudism, loose sex relations and the exal- tation of pagan superstition and ancient deities- (1) There is the communism that deifies ma- as in Germany. terialism and seeks to destroy belief in God. Soviet leaders will fail to realize their aim to It is estimated that 375,000,000 people in "uproot religion," but a spiritual awakening is Europe need to be evangelized. Many know the needed to counteract that influence. name of Christ but show little or no evidence that they really know Christ as Saviour and Lord, or (2) Atheism has organized "The Alliance of that they have ever experienced spiritual life, or Militant Godless" which ten years ago reported know the transforming power of the Gospel. Mil- 120,000 members, five years later claimed 2,000,- lions of people in Europe today need to be evan- 000 and in another five years (1940) expects to gelized as truly as do the millions of Africa and enroll 20,000,000. Godless Russian groups are Asia. Dr. Karl Barth says that if Evangelical promoting atheism in thirty-nine other countries; Christianity is not to be utterly destroyed in thirty-five antireligious universities have been Europe, then the truths of the Protestant reforstarted and there are travelng antireligious mu- mation must be reemphasized. If the Christian seums and atheistic papers published in forty- Church is to survive in Europe then Christ must eight languages. be reborn in European hearts by the power of the Spirit of God. (3) Nationalism is another movement that is sweeping over Europe and is seeking to put the State above God. Hitler and Mussolini attempt RELIGION AND MISSIONS IN GERMANY to make themselves and their laws supreme. Mrs. Wasserzug, a German Christian, says: "The The situation in Germany does not seem to imleader principle means that the will of man is to prove. Not only is anti-Jewish persecution as rule absolutely in all spheres of life, so that the strong as ever but the Nazi's are campaigning Church becomes a servant of the State. It is anti- against Roman Catholics and all Protestants who Christ wanting to save man according to a human will not yield to the dictatorship of the secular plan. Christ is no more to be Head of the Church." State. The German evangelical Christians stand All this is leading to man-worship and idolatry. firm though threatened with the loss of property and the management of their own ecclesiastical (4) Fanaticism, in the form of superstition, affairs. These injustices and high-handed measignorance and bigotry, is another evil influence. ures on the part of the Hitler representatives are It may be in the form of mariolotry, Bibliolotry, causing Germany to lose friends in all civilized ecclesiasticism or any other formal religious be- countries, have brought about a threatened boylief that exalts something else in the place of cott of the Olympic games in Berlin next year, Christ.

[387 ]

and may bring retaliatory measures in other di- t1;ley must combine their spiritual forces with the rections. Some German leaders are still seeking "confessional churches." They have gone through to promote a return to the worship of all pagan one perplexity after another. After the World Teutonic Gods. Confessional pastors are also be- War there was the task to recover the lost mission ing persecuted. fields-a task in which they have not been com- German evangelical missions are still suffering pletely successful. * from financial depression, the attem!pted regulation of churches in Germany, and the Nazi finan- Then suddenly the disastrous inflation threatcial restrictions. Dr. Julius Richter, of Berlin, ened to put an end to all German mission work. writes as follows concerning the present situation This danger had hardly passed when the turmoil of church and missions in the Germany today: of the political and of the ecclesiastical develop- ments threw the missions again into great and The Protestant churches, as a whole, have not seemingly unsuperable difficulties. At present the been divided by denominational lines but by the missions face the perplexity of foreign exchange historic territorial divisions – the P r u s s ian and the government prohibition against exporting Church, the Bavarian Church, etc.-twenty-eight money from Germany. British and American of them. When the German Reich was forged churches, in spite of their own perplexing financial together it seemed desirable to the Government situation, have to some extent come to the help of to amalgamate those 28 territorial churches into German missionaries. God alone can preserve the one united "Reichskirche" since there was no de- work and keep alive German Protestant Chriscisive obstacle of creed or order. But this attempt tianity. has met with strong opposition. THE JEWISH QUESTION IN AMERICAt All the world over it has been a common experience that a vivid materialistic upheaval A very remarkable conference of well-known usually goes hand in hand with a religious revival. church leaders of many denominations was held This seemed within reach if all 65 millions of in Princeton in June to consider the attitude of Germans could be brought under the all-embrac- Christians and churches toward the Jewish people. ing enthusiasm of the national socialistic revolu- The Conference accepted the principle that a tion so that a strong religious rejuvenation might Christian approach to the Jews is an integral part follow the political and national reconstruction. of the Church's responsibility. Christian work The development has gone rather in an opposite among Jews has too long been regarded as the direction. Cinderella in the Church's missionary enterprises, lightly esteemed, scantily supported, and pushed In Germany, as in many other countries, there aside for what have been considered more imhave been many pseudo-religious movements such portant enterprises. The time has come to recogas spiritism, theosophy, anthroposophy, and Chris- nize the regal character of a ministry to the race tian Science. These substitutes for Christianity of Jesus, and to claim for it its rightful place in have made a move in line with the national revo- the life of the Christian Church. lution, have taken up the watchwords of race and blood and "Bode" and have started a dozen or a The right of the Church of Christ to include the score of old German or neo-pagan associations or Jewish people in its ministry should never be quesspiritual currents which curiously find favor in tioned. As Dr. Louis H. Evans, of Pittsburgh, extreme nationalistic circles. The pious Christian put it: "Christianity dm never fulfill its task if circles have felt all the more the obligation to it loses its sense of imperial universality, born of stand firm on the foundation of the Biblical reve- the fact that Christ is the need of every race. The lation and of the German reformation. At present power of evangelization is largely lost when we the "Reichskirche" is dead, yet there is a very approach our task with any sense of apology, or serious conflict between the divers currents of of embarrassment, as though what we had to neo-paganism and of the "confessional churches." offer did not justify the attention and loyalty of every human heart. Christ is the universal need. The Protestant missionary societies are not di- He is no more sectarian than sunshine or rain." rectly implicated in this ecclesiastical turmoil, but There should be no illusions as to the greatness • The Swiss Basel Mission has not recovered its flourishing work of the task of winning Jews to the discipleship of in the French part of the Cameroon mandate, the Bethel Mission Christ or of the difficulties that must be faced, but has not been given back its promising work in Belgian Ruanda, the we cannot avoid the duty because of its extent or Hermansburg Mission has lost its Telugu field. of the difficulties involved. There must be an earnest spirit of endeavor to accept the challenge The Rhenish Mission has transferred Its mission in Borneo to the and to gird ourselves anew for the task. Basel Mission Society; has transferred its mission in Southwest Africa and Amboland to the Finnish Mission Society; has trans- t Notes of a conference held at Princeton in June. ferred its mission in New Guinea to the United Lutheran Church of America.

The Berlin Mission has transferred its Kioutschou Mission to the American Lutherans.

The Breklum Mission has transferred its mission In Tanganyika Territory to the Newkirchen Mission.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

There is, of course, great room for diversity with the Church if it does not recognize its opof opinion as to methods to be used in work for portunity. the Jews. But differences of view can be discussed with a real desire to understand and ap- "Unless the Church is made to feel its responsipreciate others' points of view. In Princeton bility for the Jews," said Dr. Wm. R. King, "there there was complete unanimity on one issue-the is no hope of an advance in our approach to them. Christian attitude toward antisemitism. The It must be confessed that the Church has not al- Church can never compromise with an attitude so ways gone about this work in the best ways. We foreign to the teaching and spirit of Christ. A must bring to the work sane and practical methmissionary, a pastor, a layman and a public school- ods, tried and tested techniques, and above all a teacher, each discussed most helpfully "The Im- genuinely Christian spirit of approach that is full portance of a Christian Ministry to the Jews." of promise for its future success." There was no disposition to minimize the value of the mission in a Jewish ghetto as a means of evan- WHITHER MEXICO? gelization but there was a keen recognition of the fact that the time has come when the Church it- Not many weeks ago, General Elias Calles, for self must undertake the task directly and by means a number of years the supreme stage director of of every agency at its command. With Jews liv- the Mexican drama, suddenly took a plane in the ing in 12,000 different places in the United States Federal Capital and flew northward to his native and Canada, and with at least 50,000 churches state of Sonora. This sudden and dramatic flight having Jews living in their parishes, besides hav- of "Mexico's strong man" marks the end of one ing many neighborhood houses, colleges, and other chapter and the beginning of another in the revoinstitutions in continual contact with Jews, it is lutionary history of the country. How are we to high time that the Church utilized its resources estimate the significance of this change in the in some adequate way to break down the barriers center of power in Mexican affairs? In the inbetween Jews and Christians and open a way for tervening weeks since the flight took place, a numthe Gospel. ber of happenings have occurred, sufficient to lift the veil from the Mexican enigma, and set in high The open forum, literature, the neighborhood relief the part played by Calles in the antireligious house, the local church and the Christian college, campaign of recent years, and the trend of the may be very effective means of approach. new government on the religious issue.

The high value of an educational program is The state of Tabasco, a quite unimportant reacknowledged, not only through the pulpit and gion on the geographical periphery of Mexico, will promotional literature, but through church study go down in history as the chief experiment station groups, and church literature. Dr. Park Hays where General Calles and his satraps permitted Miller, of the Board of Christian Education of antireligious policies to be worked out, expecting the Presbyterian Church, said: "In our interpre- to apply them at an opportune moment to other tation of the Bible we can and should endeavor to states. In April, 1928, General Obreg6n called be fair and to avoid creating prejudices. As an Tabasco the bulwark of the revolution. The Goveditor supervising Sunday school lesson materials, ernor, Garrido Canabal, had been assidiously clos- I have felt called upon to revise some manuscripts ing churches and expelling all clergy from the at this point when they unnecessarily stirred anti- territory. This identification of Obreg6n (an ex- Jewish feeling. This can be avoided without president of the Republic, and then candidate for weakening our Christian testimony. There is a second term), with the radical policies of the little use in avoiding opposition at the price of Governor of Tabasco, was an ominous sign of surrendering what we believe to be essential what might be expected when the new president truth." took office. Less than three months later the presi- dent-elect was assassinated by a young Catholic Contrary to the general impression, Christian fanatic. work for the Jews has not been attended with meagre results. Fruitful fields await only wise In March of 1934, another presidential candiand consecrated reapers. So many have been the date visited the state of Tabasco, General Lazaro converts in connection with Peniel Community Cardenas, his visit coinciding with that of the ex- Center, Chicago, that the Director is planning for president and then virtual dictator, General Elias the establishment of a Hebrew Christian Church Calles. The two men publicly eulogized the in October. Pastors bear testimony to the re- achievements of the Tabascan Governor, and held sponsiveness of Jewish neighbors to a friendly up Tabasco as the model state of the republic. Christian approach. The Spirit of God is mani- Less than two months later the exercise of the festly moving upon Jewish minds and hearts Christian ministry became illegal in Sonora, throughout the Jewish world and it will fare ill Calles' native state, where his son was Governor.

From then onward, until Calles took farewell of tion. The main radical policies of the governthe Mexican capital, one radical act followed an- ment will probably continue, but positive religious other with startling rapidity in different states of persecution will increasingly diminish. One of the Republic, and in the Federal Legislature. The the first acts of the president, after power was amendment to the Constitution (in October, 1934) fully vested in his own hands, was to rescind his made it a primary function of education to com- former edict which had banned religious literature bat all religious prejudice and fanaticism. Some states interpreted this as a charter to eliminate and correspondence from the mails. The presence religious ideas from the minds of children. All Roman Catholic Churches were closed in the State in the new Cabinet of General Cedillo, former govof Queretaro and Colima, while all religious services were suspended in the State of Chihuahua. ernor of San Luis Potosi, is evidence that a rad- ical policy will be followed along agrarian lines, The new president took office on December 1, but a liberal policy in everything relating to reliand on February 12, as a result of an alleged conspiracy against the state, the use of the mails was gious belief and worship. General Cedillo has condenied for religious literature and for correspondence which might involve propagation for any re- sistently refused to allow the Federal laws bearligious teachings. The notorious governor of ing on religion to be applied in his state. The new Tabasco had also come into federal politics, as chairman of the National Revolutionary Party Minister of Agriculture in the new Cabinet. He (ex-president Portes Gil) is one of the most libwas accompanied by a small army of "reds" whose eral elements in Mexico. He sympathizes deeply function it was to bait Catholics in the Federal with the Evangelical position and was at one time District. Some bloody conflicts took place and an official in Tamaulipas when Doctor Andres increasing restrictions upon religion in a number Osuna, a distinguished evangelical, was governor of states created a situation of growing intensity of that state. both in Mexico and in the United States. Nobody knew who was really responsible for this ultra- Meanwhile the strain and stress has tended to radical trend. Was Garrido Canabal the protege weld Mexican evangelicals more closely together. of Cardenas or of Calles? Was the antireligious In some states they have suffered religious recampaign, which continued in full force during strictions equally with Roman Catholics, but they the new president's first months in office, a delib- have great hopes for the future. For some time, erate policy of General Cardenas, or was it im- a prayer meeting, held each morning in the Fedposed upon him? The answer to that question has eral Capital at 6: 30, has been largely attended by been supplied by events in Mexico since Cardenas evangelical workers. Although the foreign misshook himself free of the tutelage of Calles and sionary aspect of the work, as carried on by evandefied his erstwhile chief. gelical churches in this country, has been greatly It is now clear that the major interest of Presi- curtailed, the Gospel has sufficiently taken root in dent Cardenas is not the suspension of religious Mexico to guarantee under God its continuance liberty, but the prevention of capitalistic exploitation. He thus appears as the new champion of and indigenous propagation. The next phase the Mexican workmen and agrarians, while his administration is denounced by Calles as radical should be the establishment of closer relations and anarchistic. Calles himself began as a poor schoolmaster in the early days of the revolution between evangelical communions in the United and is now a feudal baron with millions of capital. States and autonomous evangelical communions Among his immediate followers have been a con- in Mexico, so that together, in full Christian libsiderable group of socialist millionaires. The revolution undoubtedly gave back many wide acres erty, they may think and pray and work together to the people, but it also bas thrown up a new landed plutocracy. for the promotion of Christ's kingdom on both Nobody can confidently forecast what may take sides of the Rio Grande. JOHN A. MACKAY. place in Mexico, but if the Cardenas government succeeds in consolidating itself for a period of THE CRISIS IN ETHIOPIA years, certain actions of the president and the composition of the new Cabinet, warrant us to Ethiopia (formerly known as Abyssinia) is attempt a prediction. Mexico at present is not threatened with invasion by Italy, possibly with taking a swing to the right or to the left, but is a view to making it a part of the Italian empire, returning to the central position of the Revolu- at least with the hope of making it a protectorate. This mountainous country comprises 190,000 square miles-about one-fourth less than the area of Texas, nearly the size of Spain. Tradition says that the rulers are descended from Solomon and the Queen of Sheba and the Emperor is called "The Lion of the Tribe of Judah." The country has maintained its independence for over 3,000 years. The Abyssinian religion is traditionally Christian, having been introduced by the officer of Ethiopia in the first century A. D., as a result

of the preaching of Philip the evangelist on the from God, went through this province and made a great road from Jerusalem to Gaza. The people of the impression on these people. Almost to the last man they country are hardy, poor in this world's goods, and are devoted followers of the teachings of Asa. Among generally uneducated. The nearest neighbors to many other things, he told them that soon the white man Ethiopia are the British in the Egyptian Sudan would bring them God's Word, and to wait for it and beand British Somaliland, the French in French lieve it. And ~ it is not surprising that there are 150 to Somaliland and the Italians in Eritrea and Italian 200 people coming out on Sundays to hear God's Word. Somaliland. They will listen to a two-hour message, and then sit until three or four o'clock asking questions. Theirs is not merely Premier Mussolini, like a modern Cresar, hav- an idle curiosity, but a genuine intelligent interest. The ing set out to form a strong Fascist government, old men in the surrounding country come out, and many with a militarized people, apparently desires to have shown an amazing grasp of the atoning work of our enlarge Italian territory and is looking for some Lord. Until the old men have decided on the "merits" of way to use the growing Italian army and navy. this "new matter," the women and children must not Slight disturbances on the Italian Somaliland- listen, even for a moment. Abyssinian border have given an excuse for demands on Ethiopia and a threatened invasion. The friends of the Sudan Interior Mission re- Naturally not only is Ethiopia greatly disturbed cently sent a cablegram to the Ethiopian Minister but France and Great Britain also, especially as of Foreign Affairs expressing sympathy and say- Ethiopia is one of the chief sources of the Nile, ing that they were joining in prayer for Ethiopia. which is the life of Egypt. The arousing of A reply came from His Majesty, Emperor Haile Africans and other colored races, by a new evi- Selassie, expressing the gratitude of the nation dence of "white imperialism," also threatens to "which has lived through many centuries, guardstart a race war and possibly another world war. ing her independence. In the Name of our Lord Any Italian-Ethiopian conflict will be a blot on Jesus Christ, I beg you to continue praying for civilization and will set back the cause of peace her." and world brotherhood at least a generation. This is a matter of world-wide concern. For more than a decade the door into Ethiopia has been wide open to Christian missions. The Haile Selassie I has appealed to the League of Sudan Interior Mission alone, in the past eight Nations to prevent armed conflict. The Emperor, years, has sent in eighty-seven missionaries. upon whom falls the burden of governing and When the American Government requested that modernizing a medireval empire, is ruler of a war- American missionaries withdraw, the mission has like people, and he promises to lead his armies replied that mothers with children, and others with the "Ark of the Covenant" borne by the Ethi- electing to go, would be sent home but most of opian pope at his side, just as the ancient Kings them will remain at their posts. of Judea once went out to wage battle. Emperor Haile Selassie asks the world to note that Ethiopia Recently an American committee of the "Friends is progressing in civilization, is promoting educa- of Ethiopia" has been formed, with Dr. Thomas tion, that many slaves are freed each year and that Jesse Jones as chairman and Emory Ross as secspecial schools are opened for their instruction. retary. This is a national committee, representing many interests and religious creeds. The object Evangelical missionary work is carried on in will be to arouse Americans, British and others Ethiopia and is encouraged by the government. to the need for definite action to prevent a conflict. The British and Foreign Bible Society has col- An appeal is being made to various governments porteurs there, the Swedish mission has long been and to the League of Nations. established, the United Presbyterians (U. S. A.) have an excellent medical work and the Sudan WHISPERING CAMPAIGNS Interior Mission (international and interdenominational) is opening many stations as centers of An astonishing admission has come from a witpioneer evangelistic work. ness before the Senate investigating committee to the effect that he had recommended a "whispering If Italian domination should prevail in Ethiopia, campaign" as a means of combatting certain legisit seems probable that limitations would be put lation to which he and his friends were opposed. on evangelical mission work, as has been the case What this campaign was or why it was recomin other Italian territory in Africa. A glimpse of mended or inaugurated does not concern us here the type of work conducted by the Sudan Interior so much as the fact that the statements made in Mission is given in a recent interesting letter from the campaign were without foundation in fact, Mr. Harold Ste~t who has recently settled in a were intended to destroy public confidence in a new station at Shama, eighteen days' journey national leader and were given pUblicity for the southwest of Addis Ababa, the capital. purpose of winning support for the campaigners' cause. That such unscrupulous campaigns are About ten years ago a native religious teacher and possible is another sign of human degeneracy. prophet, named Asa, who claimed to have a revelation "Whispering campaigns" to discredit opponents are doubtless as old as history. They have been

used against Roosevelt, Hoover, Wilson and other WHAT AN AFRIOAN WOMAN THINKS presidents. They were used against St. Paul when OF A MISSIONARY* men said he was "mad" ; they were started against Jesus when His enemies said He had a demon and Mrs. Thomas Moody, for forty-four years an blasphemed God. They are used today against American Baptist missionary in the Belgian Christian ministers when, without proof, they are Congo, died on November seventeenth, following charged with being disloyal to Christ or unfaithful a two weeks' illness. Dr. Catherine Mabie, of the in their sacred office. "Whispering campaigns" same Mission, writes: "To know Mrs. Moody was are not only carried on against missions by un- to love her and she leaves a large group of col- leagues and friends; in hundreds of Congo vilsbeellfiiesvhearsndwhuonpcrloaidmuctthivaet,thbeutweovreknisCuhnriwstairarnasnwteild~ lages there is sorrow because the lightly tripping feet of 'Mama Moody' will never again be comfully arouse suspicion as to the orthodoxy, loyalty ing down the long trails over which they have or effectiveness of missionaries in general because so often passed during recent years. Both Mr. they think that some have proved unworthy of and Mrs. Moody have been intrepid itinerant their high calling. These "whispering campaigns" evangelistic missionaries. Three to four months are started through rumors which discredit indi- of each year they have spent out among the vilviduals, boards or causes with which the cam- lages, ministering to the deep need of the Chrispaigners are out of sympathy. The rumors may tian communities as well as winning many conhave some foundation but are insufficient to war- verts to Jesus Christ." rant the campaign. The worst of it is that the campaign is spread by thousands who pass on the One of the Congo Christian women, Elizabeth rumors but know little or nothing of the facts. Mangunga, came under the influence of Mrs. Moody and reflects something of Mrs. Moody's Such a "whispering campaign" was recently saintliness and serenity. She gives her testistarted by an anonymous editorial in a Christian mony (here translated) to what a missionary periodical. The editor thought he had reason to may be: spread charges as to certain missionaries' unorthodoxy and lack of evangelistic zeal. Readers Mama M'oody called home by God our Father in the accepted the report as true and it spread by word of mouth to the great detriment of the mission- Congo. She has gone to the Saviour, Jesus Christ, whom aries, the mission Board, and the cause of Christ. Subsequent investigation showed that the "cam- she loved so much. paign" was without any adequate basis, and the man who wrote the letter acknowledged that he Tata and Mama Moody, our helpers, came to this councould not substantiate his charges. Unfortunately much damage had been done, for falsehood is try to tell the Good News of God to us, but our fathers much more fleet of foot than truth that seeks to overtake it. in the early days opposed them and they endured many Followers of Christ should be energetically op- hardships. They were truly workers who sacrificed their posed to all "wliispering campaigns." Jesus himself did not approve of them when His disciples own desires to work for God our Father; they persevered were inclined to discredit those who did not agree with them in all particulars. The Christian will in showing the friendships of Jesus Christ, and our fathers make no compromise with sin or with falsehood but neither should he spread suspicion and doubt. came to know that they were people of love and finally It is best to deal with facts, tested facts, proved facts-the truth spoken in love-and trust God received Jesus Christ. to judge motives, loyalties, and results. After many years of close contact with missions we are Mama and Tata Moody loved us very much. They were convinced that, as a rule, no body of people in the world is so unselfish, so loyal to Christ and the zealous to tell the Good News of Jesus everywhere. They Word of God, so full of spiritual power and so effective in service as are the missionaries of never tired; they went to Lukunga, Bolenge, Mwanza, to ~hrist. It be~ooves us to uphold them in prayer, m understandmg sympathy and by sacrificial gifts the Bayaka and Bambala country, to Sona Bata, telling so that we m,ay be in partnership with God wherever He is manifestly working to transform lives the Good News. They continued zealously to tell the and to enlist men in His service. Let us beware of "whispering campaigns," but be diligent in story until Mama Moody finished her work here on earth spreading the Good News. and,went to her Saviour and to her God, whom she loved always.

In 1927 Mama Moody excelled in itinerating. I went with them to the Bayaka country. They had a very diffi- cult trip. When the carriers could find no food, they re- fused to carry tIle "Kipois," Mama was not discouraged, we walked along the road together.

She told me how much trouble and sorrow she had ex- perienced. She told me of the time her child died at Lukunga. She was all alone at the time, for Tata was at Leopoldville on a trip to the district there. "Y eCs~"ngMo abmuat Moody said, "we have had hardships here in never mind, all is well."

That night Tata read and talked about Philippians 3: 7-12. His teachings strengthened us at Zikomba and all through our trip, which was long and tedious. '

Mama never tired of working for Jesus and with a great love she loved us. The Sunday before she was taken ill she went out to a village Kinzila, to hold services. Now she is resting in heaven-Mama has finished washing her heart in the blood of Jesus Christ.

ELIZABETH MANGUNGA.

• Congo MisSion News.

HALL, ALBORZ COLLEGE, TEHERAN

The Only Christian College in Iran By SAMUEL M. JORDAN, D.D., LL.D.* President, Alborz College of Teheran MANY were surprised when the Persian gov- most outstanding feature of the landscape. This ernment informed other nations that from new name preserves the College monogram- March 22, 1935, the spring equinox on ACT, which has become the College slogan. Stuwhich the Persian New Year begins, that country dents and alumni say, "We Iranians have always is to be addressed by her proper Persian name, been famed for poetry and philosophy rather than Iran (pronounced "ee-rahn") , by which, from for practical action, but the students of our Colprehistoric times, she has been known to the in- lege act. We do things." They have acquired habitants and to her Asiatic neighbors. Iran is this reputation throughout the empire and are the land of the Aryan, in contrast to Turan the justly proud of it. land of the Turk. In the autumn of 1872 the American Mission Ninety-nine per cent of the people of the coun- was established in Teheran, the capital of Iran, try, if they heard the name Persia, would not by the Presbyterian Church, and the following recognize it. Cyrus and Darius were natives of March a school for boys was opened. This school the province of Pars (Fars today), from which, was at first of primary grade, but the standard through Greek and Latin, our English term "Per- was gradually raised as the demand for modern sia" has been derived. education increased. In 1901 it became a high school, in 1913 a junior college, and in 1925 a The growing nationalism of Iran is fUrther standard college. In 1928 the first B.A. degrees evinced by the fact that the government has re- were given under a temporary charter granted by quested foreign institutions to discontinue the use the Regents of the University of the State of New of foreign names. For this reason the name York. This charter was made permanent in 1932, American College of Teheran has been changed putting the American College of Teheran on a to Alborz College of Teheran. This is eminently level with first-class American colleges. appropriate as the snow covered Alborz range, rising like a mighty wall behind the college, is the For many years this Christian school occupied centrally located but limited quarters within the • President Jordan recently received the honorary degree of Doc- city. In preparation for the college-to-be a new tor of Laws from Washingtqn and Jefferson College. In the citation, Dr. Ralph C. Hutchison, the President. said: ··Great and beloved site, now comprising forty-four acres, was purteacher of the youth of Iran, tutor of princes, preceptor to sons of the desert, indomitable pioneer, ingenious moulder of bricks with- chased in 1913. At that time it was waste land oofutthsetratwho,ucgrhetataonrdoifdiaomsigonfifaicabnrot tahnedr psetroaptleeg, icspcioriltluegael , fraathreerscohf otlhaer of noml'nal va.lue,· but today ·l·.·t l'S ··perhaps the most c~~isl;,an, and powerful, happy, and veteran missionary of the valuable property in the.city. Located just north [393 ]

of the recently demolished city walls, overlooking picked up a flashlight and stepped out to show the entire city, it commands a superb view of him the way. It was this same young prince with mountain and plain. a large pail in his hand. I said, "Hello, are you on the water patrol this week?" He replied, "No, On this campus college buildings have gradually I am not, but a few minutes ago I went to the tank arisen until at present the plant comprises Rolle- to get a drink and found it empty. I brought a stone Hall, the main building with offices, library, pail instead of a cup so that if any of my friends auditorium, and classrooms for 600 to 700 stu- should want a drink the water would be there. It dents; a fully equipped, up-to-date Science Build- seemed to me a brotherly thing to do." I think ing; two dormitories with a combined capacity of we all will agree that it was a brotherly thing to 150 students; an infirmary; and three residences do, but a few years earlier no high-class Persian for professors. Three football fields, three basket- would have dreamed of "demeaning" himself by ball, four volley ball, and eight tennis courts, base- doing such a thing. ball diamond, and running track, provide for the physical education of the students. These col- Before the World War in the numerous schools lege buildings combine American ideas of educa- and colleges scattered throughout the Turkish tional efficiency with Persian architectural grace Empire, because of the bigotry of the Turk, the and beauty. They are considered the best modern enrolment was largely made up of the minority examples of the celebrated Persian-Saracenic peoples – Armenians, Greeks, Bulgarians, Ser- bians, Syrians, Jews; every race rather than the architecture. Turk, the ruling people. Naturally the students imbibed liberal ideas and became agitators for Prejudices Removed reform. Hence these colleges were looked upon with suspicion and distrust as fomenters of re- In Iran the different races-Moslems, Zoroas- bellion against the rule of Turk. trians, Armenians, Assyrians, Jews – have had separate schools. The result has been suspicion, One of the remarkable things about this College distrust, intolerance, and enmity. We have al- in the capital of Iran is the class of students enways enrolled students of all races, religions, and rolled. While many deserving poor boys have ranks of society without discrimination. They been accepted and trained-and a number of these have shared the same seats, sat beside each other today are found among the prominent leaders of in classrooms, rubbed shoulders on football fields the country-since the beginning of the century and basketball courts, and the result has been that a very large percentage, especially in the boarding all have learned to be friends, and to cooperate department, have been sons of prominent families; enthusiastically in service to their country. sons of royal princes, cousins of former Shahs, the only grandson of His Majesty, Reza Shah In 1928 three sons of one of the greatest princes Pahlavi, sons and grandsons of Prime Ministers in Iran were graduated from our Junior College. and other Cabinet Ministers, of Members of Maj- When one of them was about fifteen years old he less (Congress), of the great tribal chieftains, and was playing in a football match one afternoon. He of other influential men from every corner of the and another boy collided and they proceeded to Empire-boys who whether educated or not would scrap with all the vim and enthusiasm that Ameri- be in future years among the rulers of the land. can boys .would show under like circumstances. A The Persians suspect the citizens of all other nacousin on the side lines turned to the servant of tions of selfish motives. They do not suspect the princes, who had come with their carriage to Americans. All classes have confidence in our take them home, and exclaimed, "What a good- good intentions and our ability to give their sons for-nothing servant you are! You saw the son of the education they need to equip them forthe new His Imperial Highness struck by the son of no- duties of the new democratic age. Referring to body and you did not avenge the insult!" The Alborz College, the Persians say: "The Americans young prince overheard the remark. He stalked have a factory in Teheran where they manufacover to his servant and laid down the law thus, ture men." Because of the efficiency and trust- "When one of my friends and I have a difference worthiness of the men turned out, the College has of opinion on the football field, you understand it won its high reputation. Probably no other school is a friendly fight. If you ever dare to interfere in the world has ever enrolled so many of the sons and strike one of my friends, I will report it to of the leading men of any country as for the past His Imperial Highness, my father, and you will thirty years have been studying in this College get bastinadoed." He then turned back and re- in the capital of Iran. The result has been that sumed the game. many of the men educated in this College are prominent among the progressive patriots who Some five years later we were camping in the have cooperated to transform the medireval des- Alborz Mountains with the Boy Scouts. Late one night I heard someone going to the spring from which we got the drinking water.. Knowing that the lantern had been taken in for the night I

THE ONLY CHRISTIAN COLLEGE IN IRAN

potism of thirty years ago into the modern, pro- new campus. We need a football field. See this gressive democracy of today. stack of shovels. Here's the way to make a foot- ball field!" Suiting the action to the word, I threw Self-Support, Self-Respect, and Service a shovel across my shoulder and started off. The young American housemaster did the same. The Making people pay a fair price for what they boys without hesitation followed. We marched get is one of the best ways to teach self-respect out through one of the principal avenues, past the and self-reliance. Tuition fees are much higher home of the Prime Minister, and each boy was than other schools and the boarding department having the time of his life, for he was outraging has been more than self-supporting. We have the proprieties and conventions of a thousand years and he was enjoying it just as an American boy would. We put in three or four hours of good stiff work and at the end I said, "I hope you re- alize the significance of what we have done. It will go down in the history of the College that the first work on the campus was done not by down- trodden peasants receiving twenty cents a day,"- the usual daily wage-"but by the self-respecting, patriotic students who wished to testify by action as well as by word that a new day has come in Persia and any kind of labor is honorable." The young men who took part in that first "labor demonstration" more than twenty years ago never fail to mention it with pride as they return to the college. Some facetiously maintain that the num- ber who participated has materially increased with the passing of years. Numerous such de- IN THE CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT, IRAN COLLEGE charged nine sons of the wealthy and well-to-do DR. VESSASI, MEDICAL GRADUATE AT WORK enough to support ten. This has met with the full approval of the patrons. In this way we have partures from medieval prejudices have helped been able to educate a number of worthy poor to establish the dignity of labor. boys. Although the majority of the boarders are from wealthy families, the spirit of the institution The steadily increasing contribution of the is democratic. There is perfect equality. Each alumni to the development of the new national boy makes his own bed and takes his turn in wait- life of Iran becomes more impressive year by year. ing on the table. This is contrary to their old One alumnus-the only man who has been a memideas of rank and exclusiveness, but it has worked ber of every Majless (Congress) since the incepwonders in ushering in the new democratic age. tion of constitutional government in 1907 – con- In every department of the College we are teach- tinues to be (utstanding in the political and ecoing the dignity of labor. We are producing men who are both democratic and level-headed. We are training up a democracy that is safe for the world.

The dignity of labor has been instilled into the students by example as well as by precept. Shortly after the land for the present campus had been purchased, passing along the street T saw a mule loaded with the wooden snow shovels which are the ideal things for cleaning off our desert land. I bought the whole load and had them stacked up in front of our door. As it was Friday, the school holiday, I sent word to the housemaster of the dormitory to bring over his boys after luncheon. They all came anticipating something interesting. I said, "You know we have bought land for the

nomic life of the country; another for five years In 1914 when many were terrified by the imhas been the youngest member of Majless, though pending peril of a Jehad or Holy War, we posnot the least influential. The Minister of Educa- sessed our souls in peace, for we were sure that tion, his first assistant, the working head of the Persia would not go in, and, therefore, a Holy medical school, the legal advisor of the Ministry, War could not succeed. In her early years bolthe Governor and the Chief of Police of the shevism boasted and other nations feared that she wealthiest province, the Assistant Minister of the would make an easy conquest of Persia, and from Interior, the controller of the government opium there spread eastward into Afghanistan and Inmonopoly, the director of the mint, the financial dia, and westward into Turkey, Irak, and Arabia. controller of the new railroad, and the superin- Again we knew it would not happen, for we had tendent of the rolling stock, and hundreds of been selling the Persians a different brand of others as government officials and in every walk democracy, and the bolsheviks would find no purof life are rendering notably faithful and efficient chasers for their special brand. The political, service to the country, as physicians, lawyers, social, and international services rendered by this teachers, army officers, merchants, manufacturers, College are worth to the world many times all that bankers. It is a great joy to us to see how loyal has been spent in Persia in the last century-and our alumni are to the ideals of honesty, truthful- these are only by-products. ness, and hard work which were held up to them in student days. It is often said by those in high One of the reasons for the success of the school places that the greatest defect of the Iranians is is that we have always played fair. We accepted that they fail to cooperate. Frequently we hear the all races and creeds, and every social rank, and remark: "Noone in Iran knows how to cooperate naturally insisted that there should be liberty, except the young men who have been trained in fraternity, and equality. One of our first rules the American College." By means of football, was that no one, either student or teacher, should volley ball, basketball, and other group games, and make a slighting remark about the religion of the Boy Scouts, as w~ll as by classroom instruc- another. tion, our students have learned that cooperation is the only road to success, and so they are playing While there is religious liberty for all, the well the game of life. Christian character of the school has been positive and pervasive. A goodly number .of the students The College has always cooperated with the become Christians. As a rule this causes very government in every possible way. For many little comment o.r opposition. The Christian stuyears practically all the football games of the city dents have weekly Y. M. C. A. meetings; carryon were. played on our fields, our laboratories have personal work among their fellow students and been shared with the government medical school, evangelistic work for outsiders. The All-Persia members of our staff regularly assist in the an- Christian Student Conference initiated in 1928 nual government examinations, and in revising continues to conduct inspiring conferences each and drafting l1ew courses of study for the govern- spring. ment schools. ··.With the recent full recognition of our higher courses of study, the very favorable Inspiring the young men of Iran with the ideas attitude of those in authority, and the fact that and ideals, the principles and standards requisite one of our loy~l. alumni is Minister of Education for the regeneration of a nation; helping a nation prospects seem brighter than ever before. to move out of the middle ages into the twentieth century; training the men who are helping to .The best political news in the world today is mould the new life of Persia; counteracting that Iran, the 1,2000mile bridge between the Near numerous subversive influences; promoting inter- East and the Eftr East, is a nation of hearty good- national understanding and goodwill, and consewill. In the midst 'of ~ world gone mad with quently promoting world peace, this College is supernationalism Persia has kept her head better rendering a priceless service not only to Persia, than any of her neighbors. While maintaining her but also to the whole world. national integrity, and insisting that other nations shall treat her with due respect, she is not carry- If anyone of the 623 colleges and universities ing chips on her shoulders. She is eager to co- in America was forced to close its doors there would be 622 remaining, eager to welcome the operate with her sister nations for international students of the college that had closed. But Al- borz College- is the only Christian college in the fair play and international peace. This is largely Empire of Iran, the only Christian college in a stretch of 3,000 miles. This college needs help to due to the American Mission in general, and to continue its service. Do not let the fact that you the College in particular, which have convinced cannot contribute as much as you would like pre- vent your sending what you can. the Persians of the sincere disinterested friend- ship and goodwill· of America.

Favor for

The American Government and the American Indian By FLORA WARREN SEYMOUR, Chicago, Illinois U NDER the high-sounding slogans of "toler- dent that the opposition to many other features ation" and "religious liberty" missionaries would also prove a barrier to its passage. It was of all denominations working among the therefore withdrawn, and a substitute provided. American Indian are meeting with such obstruc- The religious feature was, among other things, tions to their work as have not been encountered eliminated. for more than a century past. Still Indian opposition to the bill has continued. The attitude of the present administration of At the last moment, when the session of Congress the Indian Bureau was made clear in the original text of the was almost at its final gasp, the passage of even this emasculat- Wheeler-Howard bill which ran Here is a striking and im- ed remnant became clearly im- its spectacular course during portant contribution. Mrs. possible. A hurriedly composed the spring of 1934. In this Seymour is an attorney at makeshift was then rushed proposed legislation it was ex- law, for twenty-five years has through Congress and sent to pressly declared to be "the pur- been a student of American the President for signature. It pose and policy of Congress to Indian life and history, and is became law on June 18, 1934.

promote the study of Indian the author of HThe Story of This last minute legislation con- CI.VI·1l·zat·IOn and preserve and tbhoeoksR. edSheMwaans,"a manedmboetrhoefr tained only a few of the pro- develop the special cultural the United States Board of visions of the original bill. It achievements of such civiliza- Indian Commissioners from was obviously a face-saver- tion including Indian arts, 1922 until it was abolished in something which should still crafts, skills and traditions." 1933. She has visited many bear the names of the original Such a purpose is far from of the Indian reservations and promoters and so relieve the ad- favoring "religious liberty" as schools and is thoroughly ministration of the onus of defined by the American Con- familiar with the situation complete failure. To those who stitution. Instead, there was in among the Indians and the had read neither bill nor the contemplation a deliberate pro- various efforts to improve substitute, the similarity in motion of "native religion" as their condition. What she name (Wheeler-Howard bill) opposed to the Christian faith wanrditeasctsheorfe thoef UtnhietedattSittautdees made it appear that success had learned by the Indian from Commissioner to encourage crowned the efforts of the pro- white missionaries. Here was the Indians to Hrevert to ponents of the original. That a direct challenge to those who type" should be read and impression was strongly fos- believe missionary endeavors carefully considered by all tered by a press release from to be justifiable and desirable. who are genuinely interested the Indian Bureau itself, pro- One denomination, and only in the welfare of the Red Man. claiming that the Commissioner one, realized this challenge of Indian Affairs was "the hap- fully and roused itself to meet piest man in Washington" on the danger. From one church and another in the day the bill was signed. If he read the final Michigan, from home mission clubs, from Sunday text which became law his happiness must have school groups, from young people's societies, pro- been sadly dimmed.

tests poured in to Congress asking that this sub- Succeeding events seem to indicate that the In- versive clause be removed from the bill. It was dian Bureau is still unaware that the deliberate made plain that there was strong opposition to fostering of native religions and primitive ritual- the deliberate official teaching of Indian traditions ism is not a part of the law of the land. For the and superstitions. official encouragement of shamanism, tribal cere- When the bill had'been three months before monials and the like, has gone on as strongly as Congress and before the Indians, it became evi- if there were legislation behind it. This attitude [397 ]

on the part of the Indian Bureau in Washington dermine the practice. The attitude of the Indian is a hindrance and a menace to the work of teach- Office was made clear before the Wheeler-Howard ers, extension agents, physicians and nurses, as bill was passed. On January 3, 1934, an order well as to the missionaries whose aim in life is signed by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs and to replace the old Indian magic and fakirism with countersigned by the Secretary of the Interior, the tenets and practices of the Christian religion. declared that "the fullest constitutional liberty in all matters affecting religion, conscience and cul- HOPI-INDIAN SNAKE DANC ER ture, is insisted upon for all Indians." A rattlesna k e is carried in the mouth of the priests in front while This sounds like a wide and generous gesture; the priest behind uses a whip of featbe rs. it is supplemented by something a bit more spe- cific: "In addition, an affirmative, appreciative at- From the nor.th woods a woman missionary titude toward Indian cultural values is desired in writes: the Indian Service."

The work here is getting very hard. Paganism is on the "Cultural" is an all-embracing word. In some increase. The children are being taught the pagan dances Indian tribes it includes polygamy; in others, and rituals. Our scout troop has been taken to a distant r,tual prostitution; in many, a pitiful terror of city to exhibit the Indian dances and the largest pagan evil spirits that supposedly keep baleful watch ritualistic service in our twentieth century was held two over every human activity. Fear of the dark, weeks ago. fear of a dead body, fear of touching even the hide of certain animals; fear of looking in the direc- When I came to this post in 1931 I went fearlessly all tion of one's mother-in-law; fear of dreams; fear over the reservation at any hour of the day or night. This of eat~ng fish-these are some of the many Indian is no longer possible. They feel that they are a law to taboos ' toward which employees of the Indian themselves and celebrate by getting and staying drunk. Service are bidden to take an "affirmative, ap- I am afraid to meet a drunken Indian after dark. Sober, preciative attitude." How much appreciation for they are both gentle and kind. . Indian customs can a teacher or matron manifest when a young girl begs to remain at school for the Under a previous administration provision was summer that she may avoid the submission of her made for the setting aside of one hour weekly, body to the elders and medicine men of the tribe? when pupils in the government schools might receive religious education, according to the de- The first Indian Bureau circular was followed a nominational preferences of themselves or their few days later by one which permitted "as a parents. Openly to abandon this would have been provilege" the use of a schoolroom for religious impolitic, but the same purpose could be served education by a missionary, "Including any repreby new regulations which would effectively un- sentative of a native Indian religion." It was stated that children were to receive instruction from missionaries only if their parents appeared before a superintendent and gave consent, or made request, in writing. To obtain such formal con- sent from illiterate parents, living at remote dis- tances from the reservation superintendent, would be difficult if not impossible. With the Indian Bureau employees formally warned to maintain an "appreciative attitude" toward native religions, the obtaining of parental consent would not be facilitated. As a result religious instruction lan- guished in many of the schools. The prohibition of "required attendance" was frequently if not always interpreted to mean that the religious hour was not regarded as an educational period at all and in some schools the new regulations brought about a discontinuance of all religious education.

On April 3.0 Secretary Ickes promulgated a cir- cular threatening with dismissal any employee of the Indian Bureau who should oppose the new policy, including "opportunity for them (the In- dians) to develop their own culture." That cir- cular still applies to any encouragement that gov- ernment employees might offer to missionary en-

FEDERAL FAVOR FOR FETISHISM

deavor. Some employees still attend churches, and rule is that the pupils should converse in their own contribute to their support, as has been their cus- tribal language, though that as a rule shuts them tom in the past. Others, not few in number, have off from communication with the teacher who is felt that their standing with the Washington of- supposed to be guiding them. How disastrously fice will be better if they withdraw from any con- this retards the school work is too obvious to need nection with religious activity. elucidation. It is a widening of the gap between the races. But the purpose of Indian schools is "My wife and I feel that we have a right to at- to narrow that gap. tend church when away from the reservation," The new day schools among the Navajos offer A TYPICAL INDIAN HOGAN (HUT) the solution for this problem. No books are pro- vided so the native mind is unsullied by their insaid a teacher of many years' service, "but here fluence. No blackboards on which a word might on the reservation it is best to refrain from par- be written, deface the unbroken whiteness of the ticipation in the work of the mission." schoolroom walls. There are no teachers to whom English is the native tongue. Instead, young While such participation has not been formally Navajo "assistants" conduct the affairs of the inprohibited, no doubt is left in the minds of Indian stitution-largely industrial-with the use of the Service employees as to the direction in which Navajo language. the wind is blowing. Even such apparently innocuous contact as might be involved in an em- One might assume that English would thus be ployee of the Indian Bureau explaining to a effectively barred. Strangely enough, in the very missionary gathering the purposes of the govern- few day schools that have so far been put into ment work on erosion control or agricultural ex- operation, the demand for English teaching has tension has been definitely discouraged. In other already come, in no mistakable terms, from pupils words, if a government employee values his job- and parents alike. The Navajo people themselves, and who doesn't, in these hard times ?-it is to though primitive, are intelligent and adaptable. his interest to remain silent and inactive in re- They realize fully the usefulness of the English gard to his own religious convictions. This in the language in their daily life. name of "toleration" for the native religion, we find to be a virtual denial of religious freedom to Nowhere, however, does the inconsistency of the government employee, whether white or In- the Indian Bureau reveal itself more clearly than dian. NAVAJO INDIAN GRADUATES OF A MISSION SCHOOL If this were all, it would be sufficient to show that the vaunt of "religious liberty" is a mere in the medical work among the Indians. "Native cloak for official opposition to Christian mission- religion," as all workers among primitive people ary effort. But the insistence upon the inculcation understand, usually includes medicine men, with of native culture goes much farther than this. their incantations, charms and ceremonies de- signed to relieve a patient from illness or disaster Heretofore the use of the English language has brought upon him by the ever-present evil spirits. been required in Indian boarding schools after the To foster the ancient traditions inescapably means pupils have become acquainted with the speech of to foster the traditional, primitive forms of treattheir teachers. A case can be made out for call- ment of disease and the ceremonials in case of ing this rule a hardship, but it is a hardship that death. is inseparable from effective education. None of us learn to speak a foreign language if we persist in using our own on any and all occasions. Yet such is the procedure now officially fostered. The

The Indian Bureau has accepted responsibility ual values to offer the Indian, then he should re- for such encouragement of shamanism. Faced frain from intruding upon him. In that case the with this question at an open meeting, the Com- sooner he withdraws his schools, hospitals and missioner of Indian Affairs told the inquiring churches, and leaves the native culture undis- physician that the "cultural unity" of the tribes turbed to work out its own way, the better it will must first of all be preserved. It is fully under- be for all concerned. But if he has a better way of stood, among employees of the medical service of living to present, either for this world or for the the Indian Bureau, that they are expected to co- next, then he should present it without apology, operate with the local medicine men – priests with the full consciousness that it is truly a better of the native religion. Too often such coopera- way and is entitled to supplant filth and ignorance tion means the removal of the patient from the and cruelty.

hospital at a critical period. He may then be the A Higher Way of Life subject of a bear dance or a four-day "sing" or some other typical tribal ceremony. Whether his Missionaries and those who support them are disease be tuberculosis or scarlet fever, a broken committed to the belief that there is a higher way leg or bronchitis, the ceremonies include the at- of life than that beset by shamanism and savage tendance at his bedside of as many interested fears. In that belief they should confidently put spectators as can be crowded into his smoke filled before the Indian what the white man can offer hogan or tepee or "wickiup." When the disease is in the way of relief from physical and spiritual contagious, the death of the patient may be only terrors. Missionaries giving their lives to such the beginning of the fatalities as a result of the work deserve the unqualified backing of the observance of native religious rites. boards and congregations farther removed from Handicaps of the Indians the actual problems. In the past two years that backing has not been so confident or so strong Fear and ignorance are too often accompanied as the faithful workers in the field deserve. In by cruelty. The spirit working these ills must eastern cities, far from actual conditions, men sometimes be exorcised by physical attacks upon and women listen to the specious cry of "religious the affected portion of the body. Beating upon a liberty." Some are deluded into thinking themtubercular spine, at the hands of the local medicine selves "broadminded" when they are merely negman, was the lot of one little girl. Another Indian ligent; tolerant when in fact they permit stumbpractitioner essayed to perform a major operation, ling blocks to be placed in the way of their chosen using for a knife a piece of a broken bottle. In representatives. both these cases death was a merciful end to hideous suffering. What does "cultural unity" "We white people have nothing to give you Inmean in the face of such preventable "tragedies? dians," the Navajos were informed at a council held last summer. Missionaries and employees An ancient tradition among the Navajos looks heard this from the lips of a man sworn to carry favorably upon the presence of vermin in the hair on the government's work among the Indian and upon the body. Many of the tribes have never tribes: "Our culture is a disintegrating thing. known what it is to be without body parasites. It Yours is an integrated culture. You must do your is difficult for those raised in our more modern best to preserve it." civilized ways to realize the religious and cultural significance of these small creatures. Even yet, Fine-sounding words: but what do they mean?

after two years of pronouncements on ancient In the final analysis, this-that both government rites and folkways, the average nurse or teacher and missionaries should cease their efforts to is apt to feel an aversion to them. After a pupil bring about any improvement in Indian life and or patient has been visited by members of his fam- thought. No longer should we impose upon the ily, there are often discovered tiny crawling in- Red Man our decadent notions of education and truders carefully placed by the visitors upon a sanitation and social values. We should retire and child's hair or clothing. Real toleration and a leave his integrated culture undisturbed.

properly "appreciative attitude" would· perhaps If the members of the Christian Church believe let such vermin remain; but this is broadminded- such a statement, all missionary activity should ness which few real friends of the Indians have as stop at once.- But if they hold the conviction that yet been able to attain. Christ has something of value to offer the Ameri- This conflict between modern cleanliness and can Indian, they should continue to make the offer; ancient "culture" is typical of the whole illogical, and should back up by word and deed and earnest unintelligent attitude which has prevailed in the devotion the work which is being done to bring Indian Office in the past two years. If the white the Indian into the fellowship of the faith and the man has nothing in education, sanitation or spirit- ways of Christian civilization.

Something New in

By CHARLES T. RIGGS, Istanbul Missionary of the American Board ST. SOPHIA changed into a museum! The be made for a limited time by the Grand National wonderful airy dome of this gem of Byzan- Assembly, allowing such garb for one representa· tine art, the church erected by Anthemius tive of each religious body. In a place where the and dedicated by the Emperor Justinian fourteen long flowing robes and peculiar headdress of each centuries ago, will no longer echo to the prayers one of a dozen or more different sects or faiths of the faithful of Islam. After nine hundred years have always been noticeable, such a law is drastic as a Christian church, and five hundred more as and causes much discussion and speculation. Will a Moslem mosque, the massive building is now the Roman Catholic orders acquiesce, and French closed to all visitors, to be reopened after exten- and Italian priests and nuns doff their garb? Or sive alterations, as a museum of Byzantine art, will they decide to leave the country rather than under the secular government of the Republic of submit? With most orders of nuns, the pure Turkey. Thus have the present rulers solved a white butterfly-winged hats are a part of their problem that has been for ages a source of trouble consecration vows; how can they abandon them? between Greeks and Turks. The Syrian Archbishop has already appeared in the streets in civilian garb; and the Gregorian One essential item on the Megali idea, or grand and Orthodox clergy will apparently offer no replan of the Greeks, was that when the city was sistance. For Evangelical Christian bodies, the again brought under the Greek flag,' the services new regulation makes no difference. in Agia Sophia, the Church of Holy Wisdom, in- terrupted on that fateful day in 1453 by the in- What is the purpose of this new ordinance?

rushing hordes of Moslems, when the officiating The Government gives no explanation, save that priest fled through the secret door, shall be re- it is determined to abolish all distinctions tending stored and resumed. The initiated believe that to establish a religious hierarchy. The fact that the priest will again come out of that same door· the new law affects many times as many Moslem to conduct the worship. The Turks for many clerics as all the others put together, seems an years excluded all Greeks from the mosque and indication that the step is rather for the purpose declared that it should be blown to atoms rather of striking another blow at the reactionary, ultra- than surrendered under any circumstances. But conservative Moslem element, than (as has also many will regret that the famous Night of Power, been suggested) to lessen the prestige of the Ital- the night of the twenty-seventh of Ramazan, with ian and French Catholics. When one considers its awesome mass of ten thousand worshipers go- the former domination of the Ottoman State by ing through the Moslem prayers together, will not the Moslem clergy, one is the more ready to con- again be repeated in this place. done such drastic measures. When an Evangelical In this transformation is there any resemblance clergyman was recently interviewed by some reto that of the Church of St. Michael in Moscow porters on Turkish dailies, as to the feeling of changed by the Soviet Government into a mu- Protestants toward this new regulation, they were seum? There is another change which, like this, surprised to learn that the Gospel gave no direcis attributed by some to the growing influence of tions whatever as to any distinctive dress for the the Soviet Government in Angora. A significant clergy, and were pleased to be assured that Protfact is that Comrade Karahan, who has recently estants as such had no peculiar religious garb. been sent there as Russian ambassador, is an When they asked the clergyman what were his Armenian. With grim sadness the remnant of own individual feelings about such a regulation, Armenians left in Turkey witness the predom- he replied: inating influence of an Armenian over Turkish "I am an American; and in my country any policies. This second change, rightly or wrongly clergyman can wear whatever he pleases, in the attributed to Soviet influence, is the ordinance street or anywhere else; there is absolutely no forbidding the use, by any cleric-Moslem, Jew, compulsion, everyone is perfectly free as to what or Christian-of any distinctive clerical garb out· he may wear. I only wish there were this same side of places of worship. A single exception may freedom from compulsion in every country."

[401 ]

Their reply was significant: "This present rule instrumental minor of western music, gives a preis one step for us in that direction." God grant vailingly melancholic effect; and the peculiar high that with complete freedom from ecclesiastical quavers form an art by itself. But henceforth domination and from all fear of it, may come also Western music is to be the standard; and in order complete freedom to preach and teach the Chris- to be acceptable, Turkish tunes must now be set to tian faith! harmony. No longer will the inje saz orchestras be heard; and for a while Turkish popular music Another extensive change of these days in Tur- is greatly hampered. The reason for the change, key is in the adoption of purely Turkish family as given in some newspapers-that this sort of names in place of the ancient system of "Ali, son music was inevitably associated with drinking and of Mehmet," and "Suleyman, son of Bayram." carousing, which must stop – is specious. The The law has now been promulgated that everyone true reason seems to be that those in authority beshall have a family name, which must be Turkish, lieved that Europeans were jeering at Turkish and not Arabic or Persian or other nationality. music as unmusical, and that therefore Turkey Thus the President, Mutafa Kemal, has become should conform to recognized Western standards, Kemal Atatiirk; the Prime Minister Ismet Pasha, to prove her high civilization. has become General Ismet Inonii; the Minister for Foreign Affairs, Tewfik Riishtii Bey, has adopted In the midst of all these Ghanges, woman seems the name Tewfik Riishtii Aras; the Turkish Min- to be coming into her own far more rapidly than ister to Rumania, Hamdullah Suphi Bey, is now in other lands. During last December a law was Suphi Tanriover. This is sufficiently confusing; passed, giving her not only the right to vote in but coupled with this has come the more surpris- national elections, but also the right to candidacy ing regulation abolishing all titles heretofore used. for the Grand National Assembly; and in the com- Not only have they discarded such titles as Pasha, ing elections for members of this parliament, we Hodja, Hadji, etc., but even the lowly Bey and shall probably see many women voting, and per- Efendi, which were no more than the equivalent haps a few elected to seats. One thing is certain, of mister; and Hanum, which was applied to all in general education women have made wonderwomen, old or young, married or unmarried. Such ful strides in these past ten years, so that perhaps titles, according to Turkish custom, were placed they are as well prepared to be electors as the after the name. Now, they are all dropped and average of the men. ancient Turkish words for Mr. and Mrs. (or Miss) – Bay and Bayan – are being adopted. The revolutionary-evolutionary process also in- These, moreover, are to be placed before and not cludes progressive steps in the development of the after the name. The military titles of Mushir and Turkish language. Further spelling reforms are Pasha must also now be replaced by Marshal and being introduced, which are real improvements General. So that Ismet Pasha becomes General over the system as first adopted six years ago. Ismet Inonii; and Halide Hanum becomes Bayan A commission is at work discovering and listing Halide, while Ali Efendi is Bay Ali. For a time for adoption hundreds of old Turkish words in this may lead to confusion; but in the end it will place of foreign words thus far in common use mean a great simplification. Some may like to see for very common things. Even highly educated in this a further indication of Russian influence Turks find this sudden bringing back into use of -like the universal adoption of "Comrade" and terms long rare and provincial, or even obsolete the abolition of titles of nobility. for centuries, most confusing. In their eagerness for a pure Turkish, these scholars are far more But perhaps the new ordinance that has caused anxious to get rid of Persian and Arabic terms the deepest sorrow to the heart fond of the ancient than of French or German ones; and the ordinary traditions and customs of the Turk, is the sweep- newspaper today, while it is very particular to ing abolition of traditionally Turkish music or avoid certain words of the former type, will have dozens of European words in every column. music ala Turque. On pipe and lute, the familiar In this connection it is providential that the new airs in a peculiar minor key which have held many translation of the Bible into modern Turkish, now in progress and of which certain parts have been a coffeehouse group spellbound, and have formed issued in tentative form, will take some years yet part of the entertainment at countless firesides, before it is ready for print; for by that time we are now forbidden to be played over the radio, or may hope ttl see a bit more of stability in the ,voto be used at any public gathering. This does not cabulary and spelling of Turkish words. Every effort will be made to keep up to the minute with for the present ban them in private homes; but it official changes, which have a distinct influence on puts the stamp of official disapproval on this brand the Turkish attitude toward all foreign ideas and of music. Typical Turkish music knows no four- customs, and a bearing on Christian missionary parts, or harmony of the European sort. Its work.

rhythm-often alternating measures of four and five beats-is weird; its minor key, resembling the

Turkey's Predicament*

-~I~=======B=Y=D=R=.=C=H=A=RL==E=S=C=.=M=O==Rru==S=O=N======~1I~ T HE government of Turkey is in form a re- Ataturk is unqualified. His support does not rest public; in reality it is a dictatorship. Its on force, though of course force is in the back- undisputed head is Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, ground; but the people's mood is spontaneous and the president of the republic. There is a parlia- genuine. They are grateful to him for saving the ment of one chamber, called the Grand National country from Greek domination and the domina- Assembly, which debates and passes laws, but it tion of the great powers. They recognize in him is strictly under the dictator's control. Its mem- a military genius and trust his devotion to the na- bership is determined by him through the one- tion's well-being. They support the reforms he party system which insures that the candidates has already instituted-even the abolishing of the selected by the party chiefs and approved by the fez caused a minimum of murmuring. If he does dictator will be elected. The members are allowed not become too ruthless in his collision with to debate certain measures upon which the gov- Islamic habits and institutions, the people will ernment is neutral, and to vote freely upon such tolerate his reforms and follow him. There is no measures, but measures considered vital by the clamor for a more real democracy. Sympathetic government are not debated, and there is no di- outsiders see a dictatorship in some form as in- vision in the voting. evitable for Turkey, and they would rather have Ankara, the capital, is a new city, in many Ataturk than a sultan or a Stalin.

respects, like far western American cities. The Assuming that the new regime is successful and government has established here a score of insti- attains its objective, what sort of society will it tutions for training a new generation of leaders produce-a communistic or a capitalistic society, in every type of economic and cultural need-agri- or something else? There is in the dictator's culture, industry, pedagogy, music, liberal arts, regime a minimum of economic dogma. The lead- various sciences, plant pathology, business admin- ers hold no brief for capitalism, though so far istration, accounting, stenography, and others. there has been no mortal wound inflicted upon it.

Thousands of students are drawn to Ankara from On the other hand, they are not afraid of doing every part of the nation and given free instruc- things which are characteristically communistic tion and free board and dormitory. Such students (or socialistic). The railroads and the banks are are under oontract to go, at the end of their train- owned (or controlled) and run by the government.

ing period, wherever they may be sent, with sup- The government is doing practically all the in- port but without salary, for a period of five years, dustrial developing that is being done. The lead- to teach locally the things in which they have been ers deny that this is socialism. It is looked upon trained at the government's expense. Thus the as necessity; it is common sense! If there is to government hopes to "rationalize" the economic be any industrial development in Turkey, the gov- life of Turkey and to quicken its cultural aspira- ernment must mother it and operate it, for the tions. The Minister of Foreign Affairs, Dr. Tevfik very good reason that no one else can!

Riishtii Aras, is also president of the assembly of Turkey is poor. From the background of the the League of Nations. United States or Germany or even Italy, it is un- Americans and other foreigners, missionaries believably poor. It is predominantly agricultural and foreign business men, the Turks themselves, and even its agriculture is deflated. There is no officials, highly responsible citizens, and the man industry, in the modern sense. There are, in rough in the street, all tell essentially the same story as figures, 7,000 "industrial workers" in Turkey; there are 4,000 "factories." This means that the to matters of fact. so-called "factories" are for the most part one- man shops, most of them in the homes. It will be There is little criticism of the form of govern- clear, therefore, that the economic problem which ment. For the present stage of Turkey's develop- Turkey faces in bringing herself abreast of modment, it seems that no better form of government ern nations is tremendous. This lack of industrial could be devised. The popularity of President • Condensed from The Christian Century, June 19, 1935. development in Turkey greatly simplifies the eco- [403 ]

nomic problem on its theoretical side. There is market, a dumping ground for European manuonly one thing to be done – put the collective factured goods. She paid for these goods by her wealth of the people-that is the government- agricultural products, by the marvelous treasures behind a program for the creation of industry. of art which had been accumulated through the While you are doing this very socialistic thing, centuries of her own imperial prosperity, by her you can pass laws, and vigorously enforce them, woven things like rugs and tapestries into whose prohibiting socialistic or communistic propa- creation millions of hours of human toil was put ganda; you can do this without inconsistency be- at the most cruel of starvation wages, and by the cause the propaganda of any kind of economic piling up of a vast pyramid of debt to other nadogma only tends to clutter the necessitarian tions which only put her the more helplessly at the policy of the government. mercy of the vultures. Thus Turkey's impoverish- ment was made complete. Mustafa Kemal's prob- There is but little radical agitation and little lem was to turn a mere market, a dumping ground, likelihood of it, or of its opposite. The govern- into a self-respecting and self-supporting econment's assumption of the industrial burden is not omy. He and his regime are working at the probopposed by industrialists, for there are none; nor lem with true patriotism. by "labor," for there is none! That is to say, the Kemalist government can use its common sense in LAWRENCE OF AFRICA* developing industry, and will meet with no resistance such as is met in America or in any coun- Everyone has heard of "Lawrence of Arabia" try where industry has become a vested private (whose death has saddened the British Empire), interest and labor has become class conscious and but there is a Lawrence of Africa whose advenorganized. This simplifies the problem for the tures have been equally thrilling. Dr. William T. Kemalist regime. Lawrence has spent thirty-four years in the East Africa Mission of the American Board and speaks But it is easier tl} introduce collectivism in a with a smile of the hazards of living where lions society that has no machine industry, and it is and leopards lurk in the grass; where cobras pay more difficult to make that collective industry a social calls and where swarms of red locusts, four practical success. Machinery has to be procured inches long, sometimes take half a day to pass a from other countries. Materials for the construc- given spot, and break off branches of trees when tion of plants must also be imported, as well as they settle down on them. many raw materials for the manufacturing of commodities. How will you procure. this ma- Better roads have meant the difference between chinery and these materials? You can buy them. life and death to the kindly dispositioned Ndaus Yes, and how will you pay for them? Only by of this country. When Dr. Lawrence first went the export of your own agricultural products. But to Africa he traveled on foot, then on horseback, other countries, with a few exceptions, are not in on bicycle, motorcycle and now by auto. great need of your agricultural products – they have their own. Not only so, but in order to pro- We who live where a ring on the 'phone brings tect their own agriculture against competition, a doctor quickly, and where an ambulance rushes they have erected high tariff walls to keep yours a sufferer to a well-equipped hospital, cannot conout. And so your industrial program, backed by ceive the plight of thousands in Africa. For exthe unqualified collective good will of the nation, ample, a mother with a baby on her back, trying cannot even get started. to carry home a bag of grain, slips down a wet bank and breaks her thigh. What can she do but This is Turkey's predicament. Here success lie in agony? largely depends upon securing some degree of cooperation from other nations. She has effected Lions and leopards are particularly dangerous, certain trading arrangements with Germany and often roaring around the spring that supplies a Russia, but these, while better than nothing, are village with water, so that no one dare approach. all onesidedly unfavorable to Turkey and are quite Once they have tasted human blood these animals insufficient for the realization of her industrial are for all time "man eaters." The deadliest repaspirations. Responsible men whenever they ap- tile is the cobra, but another is the puff adder. proach the question of trade relations with 'other The amambla attacks without warning and death countries, see that their whole program depends ensues if tts poison reaches the blood stream. upon overcoming the economic isolation of Turkey. Dr. Lawrence not only has a hospital under his Kemal had on his hands a Turkey which was, care, but the health supervision of more than 400 economically, at least one hundred years behind boys and girls in mission schools; the training of the rest of Europe. Other countries had some natives in first aid and frequent trips through degree of industrial development; Turkey had jungles to outstation schools. none. Turkey had been a market, nothing but a * C'ondellseil from The Mi$$ionary H erakl.

Islam's Debt to the

_."'Ii! By SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Princeton, N. J.

Editor of "The Moslem World"

JEREMIAH the prophet draws a clear distinc- Rome, have written books on the subject, prov- tion between false and true teaching, between ing their thesis by a wealth of new evidence. the revelation of God and the muttering of We notice that the influence of the Bible on self-deceived prophets, comparing them to the Islam began in the very life of its founder and his wheat and the chaff. (Jeremiah xxiii). This sharp family. Mohammed was, in a sense, the illegiti- contrast with the climax, in which he asserts that mate child of the Oriental Church, and Islam is a the Word of God is a fire and a hammer that Christian heresy. Two of Mohammed's wives were breaks the rock in pieces, reminds us of the phrase Christians. His cousin, Waraka, read the Hebrew of Karl Barth, "The Word of God or the word of Scriptures, and Khadijah, his first wife, was per- man." haps a Jewess. It is even held that Mohammed There are many voices on religion, but only one himself could read and write and that he heard Revelation. There have been many prophets, but parts of the Gospel read by Christians. So in only one Saviour. That is the eternal issue. "The many and mysterious ways the truth of God bored grass withereth, the flower fadeth, but the word its way from within.

of God abideth forever." Our New Testament is From the first the Bible, directly and iJildirectly, the supreme textbook of missions. The basis, the has exerted its power and has changed Islam. This aim, the goal, the motives, the triumphs of mis- is true, for example, in Moslem mysticism, which sions are what they are because God has spoken owes so much to early Christian teaching. Then once for all. In the last analysis all the sacred there was the influence of apostates, Christian books of the non-Christian religions are a chal- wives of Mohammedans, and Christian slaves who lenge to the supremacy, the finality, and the suf- embraced Islam. The traditions are in a measure ficiency of God's Word. the table-talk of these people who told what they This is especially true of Islam, for it is the only knew and did not know of the Gospel.

great religion that came after Christianity, and Christ, even though portrayed only in caricature the only one which has supplanted it in some parts in the Koran, cannot be hid. The light that was of the world. When Mohammed was born in under the bushel has burned the bushel! The fire 571 A. D., the New Testament had already ap- smouldered for centuries, then burst into flame.

peared in six translations: Syriac (Peshito) , Therefore today we see the result, and are face to Latin (Vulgate), Gothic, Armenian, Coptic, and face with a new situation, new toleration, and' new Ethiopian versions. Thus there were two versions manifestations of God's Providence in the history for Africa, two for Asia, and two for Europe. But of Islam. One example is the beautiful Mosque of it is the tragedy of the Near East that no version Santa Sophia in Istanbul (Constantinople), which existed in Arabic and that Arabia became the was built in 537 A. D., under Justinian, and for cradle of Islam through this neglect. nine hundred years was a Christian Church. In In the old city of Mecca and in sight of the the fifteenth century it was made a mosque and sacred Kaaba (where three Yemen Arabs recent- the precious mosaics were covered with plaster.

ly attempted to assassinate Ibn Saoud), Moham- Recently this plaster has been removed and the med gave out the Koran which professed to be a building restored to its original condition-not as new revelation from God, supplanting that of a Christian church, it is true, but as a museum.

Jesus Christ our Lord; from that day, down the Yet here the stones cry out to the Moslem visitor, centuries, the Koran has captured the tongues and proclaiming the "Old, Old Story," in symbolism minds and hearts of 250,000,000 people. In the and mosaic art-Jesus Christ, Good Shepherd, the Philippine Islands, under the American flag, there Alpha and Omega and the glory of His Cross and are 557,000 Moslems, and in India 77,800,000. resurrection victory.

Islam arose out of a Christian and Jewish en~ The Koran itself bears clear testimony to the vironment. Present-day scholarship is agreed that Bible. Other sacred books have no reference to the best elements in its dogma and ethics are due the Gospel or to Jesus Christ. But Mohammed to Nestorian Christianity. Professors Bell of Glas- could not escape Him. This is one of the most gow, Tor Andrae of Upsala, and Lammens of remarkable facts in the study of the non-Christian [405 ]

religions. Sir William Muir has collated all of tongue of the common people which men despised, these references and commented on their character he recreated the German language and the Gerand significance. There are 131 passages alto- man nation. When Tyndale and Coverdale gave gether, 65 of the Mecca period and 66 of the the Bible to England, they perpetuated the faith Medina period in the Prophet's life. The Old and of the Bible not only, but made its vocabulary and New Testament are highly spoken of as God's style penetrate and permeate English literature. earlier revelation and as "containing light and Shakespeare, Tennyson, and Browning are exguidance for the pious." amples.

Moslem Tradition About Jesus So when Dr. Cornelius Van Dyck and Eli Smith a century ago ended their "work of faith and labor Add to this fact the influence of the Bible on of love and patience of hope," translating the Bible Mohammedan tradition. There are six great page by page and verse by verse into the Arabic standard works numbering tens of thousands of tongue, they ushered in an era far more important pages. That vast, heterogeneous collection of laws than any dynasty or any change in governments and customs, of folk-lore and story, resembles the in the Moslem world, because they gave to 50,- Jewish Talmud. But in one respect it is very dif- 000,000 Arabic-speakhig folk the Word of God in ferent. Jesus is dishonored in the Talmud and a matchless translation. There is a proverb curwas cast out of the Ghetto. He is crowned and en- rent at Damascus, "Al 'Arabiya la tatanassar" shrined in the pages of the Koran. As Goldziher ("Verily, the Arabic language will never be Chrishas shown, the early Moslems borrowed very tianized") . But they no longer use it. Not only largely from the New Testament to build up the has the Arabic tongue been Christianized in an form and content of their faith. They spoke of excellent Bible translation, but there have been Jesus as a great prophet and miracle-worker. Then modern Christian poets and writers who have they took their colors from a Christian paint-box wielded this language with tremendous powerto portray Mohammed-his character, his sayings, Dr. Andrew Watson and Dr. Hogg, in Egypt; his ethics. Al Ghazali, the great theologian of the Dr. Jessup, Dr. Post, and Nasif-al-Yazigi, in eleventh century, is an example in his frequent Syria; Gairdner and Upson and Ibrahim Saeed, references to Jesus' teaching. Again and again he in Cairo; Dr. George Ford, of Sidon; and Miss says, "I have read in the Gospel."* Trotter, of Algiers. The Christian literature of the Cairo and the Beirut press finds its taproot in Now remember that for thirteen centuries these the Scriptures, and has gone to all parts of the pictures and stories of Jesus and about Jesus have Moslem world. circulated in the world of Islam. It is as if an advertising firm had circulated cheap and gaudy New Testament Influence prints of the Sistine Madonna, not at all a true representa.tion, but still calling attention to the Take another example. On the cover of an great original. In fact, the Koran references have led many toward Christ. Professor Mohammed Albanian translation of the Koran there is a re- Ismail, of Lahore, once told me of three things in the Koran which led him to Christ: the fact that production of an old German picture of Christ and all men are sinners; that Jesus Christ as pictured in the Koran is sinless; and that those who want the two disciples on their way to Emmaus. But to learn more about Jesus must read the Injil, the Gospel. the title reads: "Mohammed, Abu Bakr and Ali on Again the Bible in present-day literature and Their Way to Mecca"! So even Christian art is the press is more influential than ever before. It has been translated into all the languages of Islam being adopted by Moslems! and circulated everywhere. It is the hammer of God, more powerful than that of Charles Martel The leading Turkish novelist, Yakoob Qadri, on the battlefield of Tours. Missionaries were the first to capture the magnificent vehicle of the states that he owes his style to the Bible, and he is Arabic tongue for Christ, as Mohammed once used it to proclaim his religion. When Ulfilas, the great criticized in the press for using a Christian vomedieval missionary, came to Northern Europe he put the Bible into the language of the people, and cabulary. The leading Moslem poet of Egypt, the appropriated the Gothic tongue for Jesus Christ. When Martin Luther made the Scriptures use the late Shauket Bey, found much of the motif for • AI! the passages are given in full In chapter Ix of Zwemer's his national poetry in the New Testament. The A Moslem Seeker After God. Revell & Co. 1920. daily press of Cairo affords many other interest- ing examples. .

Sirdar Iqbal Ali Shah in his book, published in 1933, called Lights of Asia, writes of the precious blood of Christ in the words of a fundamentaHst: Whatever modernists may think about the Blood, God esteems it very precious. Saith the Word: "The blood is the life" (Deut. 12: 23). "Without shedding of blood is no remission" (Heb. 9: 22). "It is the Blood that maketh atonement for the soul" (Lev. 17: 11). God commendeth Hif; love to us, in that while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us.

WHAT YOUNG TURKS THINK OF MOHAMMED

And this from the pen of an Afghan Moslem prison. What a book is the Word of God! It abideducated in England! eth forever. It is God's spiritual dynamite in the hands of converts in India and Persia and North Think of the ever~increasing circulation of the Africa. Century follows century; the Bible re- Scriptures in Persia, Arabia, Moslem India, and mains the same. Empires rise and fall and are Egypt! Holy places which less than twenty years forgotten; it abides. Dynasty succeeds dynasty; ago could be visited only in stealth by Christian it rules hearts. Kings are crowned and unworkers now receive the Word openly-among crowned; it remains the same. Its enemies dethem Kerbela, Nejf, Qum, Riadh, Hail, and even cree its extermination; but it lives on. Taif, the neighboring city of Mecca. It is a seed that takes root and bears fruit in "So is the kingdom of God as if a man should every soil; an anvil that has broken a million cast seed into the ground," said our Master . . . hammers; a light that shines on "till the sun and then it brings forth "automatically." This grows old anq the stars are cold, and the leaves of Greek word is also used of the iron doors that the Judgment Book unfold." swung back when Peter was released from his What Young Turks Think of Mohammed* An Open Letter to Mohammed -"I By ERNST MAX HOPPE, Sofia, Bulgaria 1j;t- ~==========================~ "Well then, do you ever teach yourself, you teacher of religion is spiritual, a faith, a conviction. What! should other people ? You preach against stealing; do you steal? the faith or the conviction of a Moslem, or a faithful one You forbid adultery; do you commit adultery? You de- be in danger? It is not possible to take away the faith of test idols; do you rob temples? You pride yourself on another. the Law; do you dishonor God by your breaches of the Law? Why, it is owing to you that the name of God is Yes, something is in danger; but it is not religion. maligned among the Gentiles, as Scripture says! Circum- It is the interests of those who, under the name of Dercision is certainly of use, provided you keep the Law; but vishes and Hodjas, exploit the masses that are in danger, if you are a breaker of the Law, then your circumcision is and that in the name of Allah. It is these interests that turned into uncircumcision." Romans 2: 21-25 (Moffat's are in danger. Islam does not consider prayer as intranslation) . trinsically necessary where there is no water, nor is a mosque necessary for worship. Actually no true Moslem Jesus said: "Come to me, aU who are laboring and needs this disgusting class of intermediaries between God burdened, and I will refresh you." Matthew 11 : 28 (Mof- and men. The more the land progresses, the more does fatt's translation). this class lose its means of livelihood, for its religion con- sists only in material profit. CONCERNING Mohammed – his life, his times, his mission, his wars, his ostensible In late years there has been no lack of Turkish miracles and acts-many books have been voices that betray a search after a new religion written in the occident. The thing which has been and that rebel against Islam. Among them the interesting me more and more, while living in the following "Open Letter to Mohammed" is worthy Orient, was to investigate the present-day opin- of notice. The letter is a cry of the awakened ions concerning Mohammed and his teachings, young Turkish generation in these modern times. that engage the Moslem nations and peoples them- It appeared in the Stambul periodical Gendsh Diisselves, who formerly played an important part as hiindshiiler (Thoughts of the Young) and was pioneers in the spread of the Mohammedan faith. printed in three issues of the paper. I am quot- ing it unabridged in translation, as follows: The Turkish paper Aksham, in. Stambul, once published the following item about Islam in Open Letter to the Prophet Mohammed Turkey: o Apostle! In Turkish history the cry, "Religion is in dangerl" is well known. Ever and again, whenever this country has Thou must tell us the reasons why these decrees of the taken a further step toward civilization, this cry, "Religion Hodjas and MoUas (the religious leaders and teachers of (Islam) is in dangerl" has been heard. Islam) are so entirely unknown, although they have had an important influence for centuries upon the destinies Religion, as all people know, is not anything material, and the politics of the nation. which one can see or touch. Like all other hallowed things, Thou hast forbidden the worship of images and hast • Article translated by Dr. C. Theodore Benze, Philadelphia. even betrayed the worshipers of idols and images. But

notwithstanding, thy representatives have worshiped only within you, that I too belong to that class of dark scounthe external forms of thy work and have desecrated them drels, who use this world to build up the future world, for more than thirteen hundred years. Is it not an for I know very well, that unless an earthquake will shake abominable setting-up of idols, to kiss the pages of the that old building-a pile of stones and earth-whose sole Koran, to go into the wilderness of Arabia, to imperil value consists in its antiquity-it will not tremble. one's life there, to offer up money, in order to visit the four sid~ of the holy shrine (the Kaaba at Mecca) and o Apostle! to conceal one's hypocrisy under the cover of a pilgrimage? How can we deny this? Because thy softas, who forbid The Kaaba did not tremble when foreign unbelievers such a beautiful art as pictures and music, as being contrary to thy holy law, defend sheer idolatry. tried in their drunkenness to tread down thy building with If thou hadst had such a powerful spirituality distrib- their polished shoes. Why did not the heavens burst under uted over all the world, as thou hast a philosophy and ideas, thou wouldst surely not approve these things with these desecrations? Thy lazy softas always explained, a seeming approval. "No unbeliever may enter the Kaaba, the holy temple in Further yet! Does not thy silence express a clear approval? Let not thy silence be abused here, 0 Apostle of Mecca. Upon such desecration the suns will fall from God. Let it not be abused, because under the mysterious protection of thy holy law, the softas (perhaps holy for heaven in fiery masses and destroy the earth with fire." thee, but for us only disgusting cowardly rascals) commit hundreds and thousands of crimes and hypocrisies. Never- And yet the boots of the unbelievers trod the temple at theless they ascribe all their acts to thee and thy holy law. Mecca and committed all kinds of abominations under its o Mohammed, holy law-giver, is not in this case thy shadow. But nothing fell from heaven and nowhere did silence an approval? the earth quake. . o Apostle! With thy permission I will tell thee something and in- Did not the Kalifs, thy so-called rep.resentatives, and the form thee of a fact that will really make thee tremble. softas and the sheik-ul-islam, who worked in thy name, Thy softas with their great turbans, waving garments commit for centuries, following thy example, those abom- and fat necks, raised their heads and uttered prayers that inations of the harem, for which the whole civilized world thy sanctuaries and theirs should be trampled down. They and all humanity was aroused? All those corruptions and prayed to Allah for the slavery of Islam. Why? Because heinous deeds, which merely to name is a disgrace to the the unbelievers brought money. Is not gold a religion, human name and civilization, and which are hearths of the creed and the faith of them all? infection in a large community, thy hodjas call "Punna" (i. e., holy practices), enjoined by thee. More yet! The o Apostle! Kalifs and Softas, who for so many centuries could secure the perpetuation of their pleasures and their rascality, by How shall I make it known that even thy enemies are depriving these orphans of martyrdom of the last they ashamed because of the spiritual downfall of thy reprehave, call this thing "thy holy punna"! sentatives. But thy softas are never ashamed for this! Does thou see it now, 0 Apostle of God? o Apostle! Thou who sawest no wrong in adding several captured women to thy harem after thy warlike expeditions, thou Suppose we draw a dark curtain over all this and see hast approved of the abominations of these hodjas, softas it no more. We have already drawn a curtain and see and kalifs. And thou hast even made them legal by the nothing more of the abominations of thy softas, nor hear marriage rite. their sermons. Weare only suffering from the wounds of the past. Since thou hast been example and pattern for them, thou hast taught as a holy custom the marriage of I know not But what wilt thou do? Thou who hast always promhow many women with men, who did not even have the ised righteousness, uprightness, prosperity and happiness ability to earn their daily bread. Thou hast taught that by thy religion and thy laws! these things are meritorious actions in the sight of God and so thou hast been the cause of thousands, yea millions What wilt thou do, since that which the unbelieving of family tragedies. Thou didst cause that millions of could not do, in spite of their endeavors, in order to exchildren roamed abandoned in the streets and became terminate thy people during the last thirteen centuries, criminals, swindlers and voluptuaries. thy softas and sheiks have succeeded in doing, namely dragging down this poor Turkish nation into that deep Did not thy temple in Mecca tremble when thy soul did whirlpool, only because it adhered to thy religion! Benot do so? But do not let my words awake the thought cause hodjas and softas held the fort from within. The evil that the unbelievers were unable to accomplish, they did with pomp and delight.

And thou stoodest there as an unconcerned spectator and gavest approval to all the evil deeds and wickedness of these men! So many years, yea centuries did we wait for the promised Redeemer! We waited for Gog and Magog! No deliverer appeared. We even prayed for the deceiver to come; but alas! he too did not come to help us!

KUMANDAN OGLU KASIM TEVFIK.

This eighth chapter of Paul's "Letter to the Romans" gives us some conception of God's dealing with His children. The Spirit takes the little child of God, and leads him to the Fa- ther; then, as he approaches, and is a little timid, the Spirit of God whispers to him, just like. a mother: "Now, do not be afraid, remember that He is your Father" witnessing with our spirit that we are the children of God, and teaching us to say, "Abba, Father." Then as we approach God, and try to put before Him our requests, and do not exactly know how, the Spirit takes up the inperfect prayer and says, "Father, this is what the child really wants." Thus He interprets our desires in his own dialect in the Father's ears. ARTHUR T. PIERSON.

Is a Faith Mission?*

By REV. ROBERT HALL GROVER, M.D., D.D., Philadelphia Home Director of the China Inland Mission THE name "Faith Mission" was not chosen or undertaking for the evangelization of inland assumed by Missions which have come to be China. Thus was born-by the Spirit of God, but so designated. Rather was it given them by through the travail of the soul of His servant-the others on account of their distinctive policy and China Inland Mission.

practice regarding financial support. Nothing is But how was such a new enterprise to be sup- more remote from the mind of such Missions than ported? Every Board already carrying on mis- that they have any monopoly upon faith, or that sion work depended for its support upon the they necessarily exhibit any greater faith than churches of its own denomination. Mr. Taylor Missions of a different order. Keenly conscious was quite unwilling that a single shilling should oftentimes of the lack or frailty of their own faith, be diverted from these existing missionary chan- they take humbly the position of looking to God nels. More than this, he felt the importance of alone for the financial needs of their Christ-ap- safeguarding his new undertaking from any just pointed tasks. criticism on this ground. Accordingly he cove- The oldest Mission of this type today, and still nanted with God that he would solicit nothing much the largest in the number of its workers from man, whether publicly or privately, but and the extent of its work, is the China Inland would tell the needs of the new work only to the Mission. Begun in 1865, this Mission is just Lord in prayer and look to Him alone for its about to celebrate its Seventieth Anniversary. support.

Brought into being unquestionably by God, its In this spirit of implicit faith he walked into a human founder was Hudson Taylor, whose name London bank, and with ten pounds (fifty dollars) has become well-known throughout the Christian -all the money he possessed-opened an account world. . . . He had spent seven years in China, in the hitherto unheard-of name of the China Inand although he was compelled to return to Eng- land Mission. Fifty dollars to begin the task of land in broken health, the burden of China's un- evangelizing four hundred millions of Chinese on evangelized millions continued to weigh heavily the other side of the globe-what an absurdity! upon his heart. He thought of China by day; he Yet not so, for it was fifty dollars p~us God! And dreamed of it by night. And little wonder, when so wonderfully did God set His seal upon this attiwe stop to think of China's spiritual condition at tude and action of faith on the part of His humble that time! More than half a century since the servant that in the succeeding seventy years, as beginning of Protestant mission work in that the Mission has maintained unaltered its original land, and still there were only fifteen stations in financial policy and practice, approximately $26,- the whole Empire, all of them along the coast, 000,000 have passed through its treasury and been eleven out of eighteen provinces yet unentered and used in its work. Its first party of missionaries, lying in utter spiritual darkness, a mere handful eighteen in number, left England in the sailing of missionaries, and actually only 350 evangelical vessel Lammermuir on May 26, 1866. Such has Chinese Christians among 400,000,000 heathen! been the growth of the Mission through the suc- Mr. Taylor made the rounds of all the Mission ceeding years that its missionary staff now num- Boards in London that had work in China, and bers 1,368. These workers, together with nearly pleaded earnestly with each one to undertake a 4,000 Chinese colleagues, occupy 344 stations and penetration of the interior, but no Board saw its 2,000 outstations, distributed over all but three of way to respond. Finally, on a Sunday morning in China's provinoes and also her vast adjoining de- June, 1865, he fiung himself upon the sands of pendencies to the north and west. Brighton Beach . . . and cried to God in behalf of China. Then it was that God spoke and this It was not long before this new type of misgodly young servant of His received a never-to-be- sionary undertaking for China began to be duplidoubted divine call and commission to begin a new cated in behalf of other needy fields, and thus, one after another, new "inland" enterprises were • Condensed from ReVelation, Philadelphia, April, 1935. launched, such as the Africa Inland Mission, the [409 ]

Inland South America Missionary Union, the one to produce facts to prove the contrary. . . . Sudan Interior Mission, and so on. The list of such societies working in foreign lands has now Evangelistic missionaries, far from being mere grown to twenty or thirty. While these have no propagandists, are the ones in every mission field organic relation to one another, each being a sep- who are living closest to the people, who know arate entity, and while as to their organization their needs and problems most intimately, and and administration, and even their financial meth- who along every practical line are filling the role ods, there are differences in detail, yet in the main of the Good Samaritan toward them. For evi- they are patterned along the same lines and as a dence of this fact one need only point to the China group have come to be spoken of as "Faith Mis- Inland Mission as an illustration, with its 16 hos- sions." For purposes of spiritual fellowship, pitals, 106 dispensaries and 328 schools, its opium prayer and conference over common problems, refuges, leper asylums and orphanages, its spe- and mutual helpfulness in every practicable way, cial work for the blind, the deaf and dumb, the . a number of these societies on this continent are aged and infirm, and the victims of domestic now linked together in a purely fraternal union slavery, as well as the leading and costly part it known as the Interdenominational Foreign Mis- has taken, year after year, in relief work for suf- sion Association of North America. ferers from famine, flood, and pestilence. This is equally true of the other Missions of this class Distinctive Convictions of Faith Missions laboring in other fields. Yet none of these Mis- sions thinks for a moment of apologizing for the 1. As to financial support, they do not solicit fact that all such ministries in behalf of the funds or pursue popular methods of raising physical, temporal and moral welfare of the peo- money, but look to the Lord in faith and prayer ple are ever held subservient and made contribu- for the supply of the means to carryon their work. tory to the primary aim of seeking the salvation They do not go into debt or borrow money. Their of lost souls. . . . workers are not guaranteed fixed stipends, but all unite as a family in trusting God for their tem- We are of the opinion that any Christianity poral needs and accepting what He is pleased to which does not find practical expression in daily send them through the voluntary gifts of His peo- life is not the real article but only a spurious imi- ple. All share alike financially, no distinction be- tation. The Gospel which every evangelical mis- ing made on the ground of age, length of service, sionary preaches is something that prov,es its or position in the work. power by making those who embrace it better men and women, whether as sons and daughters or 2. As to doctrinal position, firm insistence is parents, as workmen or employers, as citizens or laid upon sound evangelical belief. No worker is rulers of the State. Nor do we know of any other accepted or retained who does not unequivocally potent means of lifting society to a higher and hold all the great cardinal truths of the historic purer level, and of making human relationships Christian faith with reference to the Bible, the what they ,ought to be, apart from the winning of person and work of Christ, the lost condition of individuals through this Gospel to a new life in man and his need of spiritual regeneration. These Christ the Saviour. Missions firmly hold that the old Gospel is the only Gospel, and they are absolutely opposed to 4. As to missionary policy, stress is ever laid "modernism" in any degree. by these Missions upon wholly unoccupied fields and unreached areas in fields already entered. 3. As to missionary method, these Missions They believe that the true objective in missions unite in the conviction that the terms of our Lord's is the evangelization of all men, rather than the Great Commission make the preaching of the conversion of anyone favored section or the edu- Gospel the primary and central task of missions cation of anyone preferred class. As set forth for all time. . . . In accord with these instruc- in the account given in Acts fifteen of that first tions, direct and aggressive evangelism was given great missionary conference of the Christian the central place in the missionary program of the Church, convened at Jerusalem, God is in this New Testament Church, and with attendant re- period of time-from Christ's ascension to His sults transcending those of any succeeding gen- Second Coming-"visiting the Gentile nations, to eration. In the face of the disposition today in take out of them a people for His Name." The some missionary circles to disparage and discard true ambition of the missionary today should evangelism in favor of a more popular program of therefore be what Paul's ambition was in his day, social service, higher education, and other things, "to preach the Gospel where Christ was not we boldly assert that the substitution of any other named" (1 Cor. 15: 20), or "in the regions be- policy or program of work has signally failed in yond" (2 Cor. 10: 16), inspired by the hope of achieving anything like equal returns for the reaching the last unevangelized region and tribe energy and money expended. We challenge any- on earth, and winning the last souls to complete

19351 DRAWING ON THE CHIEF TREASURER

the church, or "ecclesia" (called-out company), goodness that this testimony has been given. He which must be made ready for her Lord's return. has condescended to use these most imperfect and It is the consistent aim and endeavor of these unworthy agencies in some measure to carry out Missions ever to be pushing on into new territory His purposes and to show forth His faithfulness and reaching with the Gospel those who have and power. May He be pleased to use what has never had a chance to hear it. The China Inland been written to call forth more prayer both for Mission, for example, has within the last five years these Missions and also for all others that are actually opened and occupied eighty-two new striving to obey the Great Commission by taking centers in China as a part of its Forward Move- the Gospel of salvation to all those for whom the ment. Eight of these new points are in distant Saviour died!

Sinkiang (Chinese Turkestan) and on the borders of Tibet and Mongolia, while others are among the DRAWING ON THE CHIEF TREASURER* primitive hill tribes on the remote frontier of Burma. No less marked and worthy advances Is Christ the chief Treasurer who supplies the (although less familiar to the writer) have been missionary funds? Practically there is a wide made by other pioneer Missions into hitherto neg- difference of opinion upon this point.

lected areas in South and Central America, in "And Prudence sat over against the treasury, Nigeria, Abyssinia, the French Sudan and other watching the expenditures, to see that Faith did parts of Africa, in the Netherland East Indian not overdraw her account," would fairly state the archipelago, and in still other sections of the mis- financial method of many missionary committees.

sionary world. . . . "Faith in t~e work of preaching the Gospel, in- While much more could be written about the so- deed, but in administering the missionary ex- called Faith Missions, enough has perhaps been chequer, sound business principles, if you please."

said to set forth their more distinctive common So we have often heard it, and we do not dispute features. It may be well to add a few words the wisdom of the saying.

about the question of missionary reinforcements But we are conducting the King's business, let in the light of the present grave economic. situa- it be remembered, and in its transactions are no tion. . . . They (the "Faith Missions") have overdrafts of faith ever allowable? May the never concluded that their continuance or advance promises of God never be taken as collateral in need be gauged by prevailing financial conditions. this business? Is the Lord's servant forbidden to If God wants a certain work done, He is surely hypothecate the bonds of the everlasting covenant well able to provide the necessary means, whether as a security for a missionary contract when he little or much, and in times of prevailing plenty has no funds in the bank? The enterprise of misor stringency alike. If the work in hand demands sions is peculiarly the Lord's work and as such reinforcements for its effective advance and com- has guarantors and guarantees back of any that pletion, and offers of service come from those who are human.

give clear evidence, after thorough and prayerful The paradox, "Verum est quia impossibilia," consideration, of being called and fitted of God which Tertullian uttered concerning doctrine, it for such work, then would it not be contradictory is time for us boldly to apply to action, saying, "It to the very principle of faith upon which these is practicable because it is impossible," for, under Missions were founded to decide to decline such the dispensation of the Spirit, our ability is no applicants from fear or misgiving as to whether longer the measure of our responsibility. "The financial supplies will continue sufficient? Rather things which are impossible with men are poshas their policy and procedure been to accept such sible with God," and therefore possible for us who approved new recruits, and to look to the Lord have been united to God through faith. with them in prayer land faith for the provision of the necessary fundi" as a seal of His approval. Since the Hoty Spirit has been given, it is not sufficient for the servant to say to his Master, "I In this way the China Inland Mission during the ;:tm doing as well as I can," for now he is bound six years of depression has sent out over 500 new to do better than he can. Should ~*I;New York workers without curtailing the support of the merchant summon his commercial agent.in Bosexisting work and workers, and has thereby made ton to come to him as quickly as possible, would possible the most marked advance a,nd develop- he be satisfied if that agent were to arrive at the mentof its work in its whole history. Substantial end of a week, footsore and weary from walking reinforcements have also been sent out, and no- the entire distance, with the excuse, "I came as table field advances made, by other Missions of the quickly as I could"? With swift steamer or railsame group. It is with a spirit deeply humbled by an over- way express at his disposal, would he not be bound whelming sense of the Lord's exceeding grace and • From The Alliance Weekly.

to come more quickly than he could? And so, condition for attempting great things for God, with the power of Christ as our resource, and His we shall be disappointed; for that is not believing riches in glory as our endowment, we are called but bargaining. "Said I not unto thee, that, if upon to undertake what of ourselves we have thou wouldest believe, thou shouldest see the glory neither the strength nor the funds to accomplish. of God?" (Jno. 11: 40) . Shall we reverse this order, and believe only according as we have seen We have watched with the deepest interest an that glory? If so, He will give us little credit for experiment of enlargement which has come under our faith. Most significantly is it written: "Many our observation. A missionary treasury, taxed believed on his name because they saw the mirto the utmost for years to meet the demands upon acles which he did; but Jesus did not believe in it, was assessed at one stroke an extra fifty thou- them" (Jno. 2: 23, see Greek). sand dollars annually for a new work which God seemed to enjoin. Seven years passed since the I am more and more persuaded that the greatundertaking, and yet the treasury kept just as est things are possible if only we have His power full through all this period, notwithstanding the resting upon us. I have seen such a demonstraextra draft, as during the seven years previous. tion in my church when we met morning after Certainly this outcome does not seem like a di· morning in the early year, simply to pray for the vine admonition not to do so again, but rather like power of the Holy Spirit. We were looking for a a loud invitation to repeat the experiment upon revival. When I made a plea for foreign misthe first new call. When the bugle is sounding sions, I astonished my conservative brethren by for an advance along the entire line, we do well asking ten thousand dollars for our contribution. to mark the significance of such experiments. Only a few wealthy men among us, and they were Our Lord does not say, "Be it unto you according not likely to give largely. But when the offering to your funds," but "Be it unto you according to was gathered, twenty thousand dollars came; noyour faith." If He sees that we trust Him for body was personally asked; no solicitations were large missionary undertakings, He will trust us made. It was simply a great impulse of the Spirit. with large missionary remittances. If, on the contrary, we demand great things of God as a A. J. GORDON.

Seventy Years ofthe China Inland Mission* -ail By MARSHALL BROOMHALL, M.A., London, England / THE history of the China Inland Mission has Hudson Taylor has told us how an aged min- proved that to trust God for the supply of ister of the Gospel prophesied failure both to him temporal things is more than a pious idea. and to the Mission, when the Lammermuir party "How shall Jacob stand? for he is small," cried sailed. "You are making a great mistake in going the prophet Amos of old. And some such cry to China with no organization behind you," this might well have been uttered seventy years ago well-wisher said. "We live in a busy world, and when Hudson Taylor founded the China Inland you will all be forgotten, and the Mission won't Mission. The crisis at Brighton in June, 1865, live seven years." "That," wrote Hudson Taylor and the opening of a bank account in London two some years later, "was the prophecy of this good days later, in the name of the new Mission and man-and a wise one, too. But he was mistaken." with the small sum of £10, are well known. But as we look back over the seventy years, imagina- It is a good thing to remember that the Mission tion endeavors to recapture the human feelings of was not always a large and well-known organizaweakness associated with such a venture as Hud- tion, and th.at God answered prayer seventy years son Taylor then undertook. What prospect was ago in the day of small things as well as today; there that a new organization, founded by an un- But one word of warning is necessary. While God known man, for work in a distant and little known led the children of Israel through the Red Sea, the country, could stand and prosper? Egyptians, when they essayed to imitate them, were drowned. Even prayer must be God-guided, • Condensed from The Ohristian, London, May 9, 1935. not merely inspired by the spirit of imitation.

SEVENTY YEARS OF THE CHINA INLAND MISSION

The China Inland Mission today, though a large of China have been opened to the Gospel, but and now well-known organization, has no other what a history of prayer, of patience, of hardground or foundation upon which to build than ships endured, of mercies granted, and needs supthat which Hudson Taylor enjoyed. It has no plied lies behind that brief statement. other confidence; and the very magnitude of its work, as compared with seventy years ago, makes There are 345 central mission stations, and yet it more, rather than less, dependent upon God. the full story of almost anyone of them would fill The present Master of Balliol has truly said that a small volume. For twenty-five years unceasing "structures and systems are always asking us to prayer and persistent efforts were made to secure worship them, to forget the spirit that informed a footing in the hostile province of Hunan, before them, and to settle down for good in the per- entry was obtained. One 'man, Adam Dorward, manent camp. When that happens, when man's actually traveled in that province for eight years spirit worships its own creation, then structures without having a place which he could call his and systems become idols." The China Inland own, where he could lay his head. He died not Mission is nothing except what God has made it, having obtained a footing. Somewhat similar in answer to the prayers and faith of God's peo- stories could be told of most of the other provinces. ple. And it will only continue as that spirit prevails. Unless the Lord Himself had built the Mis- Times have changed but the difficulties and sion, Hudson Taylor had labored in vain. And trials cannot be said to have decreased greatly unless the Lord today keeps the Mission, its watch- with the passing years. Opposition has only asmen will be vigilant in vain. sumed a new form. In the early years outbursts of violence and local riots were a common experi- Changes in Seventy Years ence. These culminated in the terrible Boxer per- secutions, when nearly two hundred foreigners, The world of today has altered out of all recog- including children, lost their lives, as well as an nition since 1865. Then the Suez Canal had not unknown number of Chinese Christians. Of late been cut, and there was no cable to China. Then a new menace has raised its head, partly as the voyage to the Far East had to be made by sailing outcome of prolonged civil strife, and partly as the ships around the Cape of Good Hope, and it took fruit of communistic propaganda. It has become the best part of a year to obtain a reply by letter a far-too-common experience now for missionaries from one country to the other. Today the journey to be taken captive, and sometimes to be slain. can be made, via Siberia, in about a fortnight, Opposition to Christianity has become more subtle, and, by air, letters can travel even more quickly. more organized, and more ably directed. The News of the recent earthquake in Formosa was local riot has been exchanged for systematic antireported by wireless in England within an hour of Christian methods and bitter hostility. The natthe disaster! Such things would have seemed in- ural anti-foreign bias of the Chinese mind has credible to members of the Lammermuir party. proved a fruitful soil for the false reports of a militant communism, with its godless spirit. It is When the China Inland Mission was founded, therefore the simple truth to say that there has the greater part of China was unevangelized, and, been a life-and-death struggle for the soul of indeed, the interior of that great country in theory China during the last twelve or thirteen years, open by treaty, was extremely difficult of access. largely directly from Russian sources. There were then only fifteen Protestant mission stations in the whole of China, for the most part Yet, despite the formidable opposition-which on the coast. Seventy years ago the total number at times has made the evacuation of considerable of Chinese converts connected with Protestant areas inevitable-spiritual results have increased. missions, was about 2,000. Today the China In- During the first fifty years of the Mission's hisland Mission alone has 345 central stations, 2,000 tory, a period devoted in the main to breaking new outstations, reports over 160,000 converts. ground, 50,700 persons publicly confessed their faith in Christ by baptism; but during the last It is comparatively easy to look back and see twenty years that number has been increased by what God hath wrought, or at least see the super- an additional 107,000 souls, making a total of apficial aspect of what has been done, but it needs proximately 158,000 from the commencement of historical imagination to realize what those sev- the work. The promise that those who do not beenty years have meant. Some knowledge of the come weary in well-doing shall reap in due season trials and difficulties are essential to an apprecia- has been fulfilled. tion of the past. The future always looks more formidable than the past, and it is easy to forget If after these seventy years the China Inland the obstacles that have been overcome. Progress Mission were asked to give an account of its stewcan only be measured by difficulties surmounted. ardship, we should begin to ask: What contribu- It needs only one line to say that the closed doors tion has the Mission made to the Church of God generally? Its primary duty has been the evan-

gelization of China, but in seeking to be obedient come must speedily be transferred. The spiritual to this call, God has given the Mission a witness need and claims of China are still great, and if to bear concerning God's faithfulness in fulfilling God still has a work for the Mission to do, as we His promises. In a day when materialism is believe He has, we would make this time of celerampant, and when men are ready to deny the bration one of renewed dedication to the service presence and the power of God, the testimony as of Him who has blessed us hitherto. to God's trustworthiness in the matter of temporal supplies has strengthened the faith of many. WHEN A CHINESE "HEART.IS God's goodness in supplying the daily bread for His servants still continues a standing marvel, BROADENED" and those who know most about the Mission's financial history can rej oice in God. A mIssIOnary is exammmg an old woman of seventy-three for baptism and admission to the When the World War broke out in 1914, the church: human probabilities against the continuance of the work increased, yet the Mission was maintained "Who is Jesus?" throughout those difficult years. When the cost "Jesus died for me." of silver rose to unheard-of prices, and the con- "How did he die?" sequent need of a greatly increased income, in "I don't know." terms of gold, became necessary if the work was "Who were Jesus' disciples?" to continue, the total income of the Mission in- "I don't remember. I can't read." creased according to that need. When economic "Do you know the names of any of the books famine came to afflict all countries, though the of the Bible?" Mission could not expect to be immune from the "When one can't read. . . " general trial, the necessary bread was given, and "Where did Jesus live on earth ?" water was made sure. Though economies have Silence. had to be practiced-and the Mission has no de- The missionary stopped. The old woman had sire to escape from the trials experienced by so made a very poor showing. many of its supporters-and though faith has "This old lady is one of our most faithful Chrisbeen tested, the barrel of meal has not wasted, nor tians," said a deacon. "She always comes to our has the cruse of oil failed, "according to the word meetings, though she lives three miles away. She of the Lord." gives cheerfully what she can to every good cause. She used to have a terrible temper, but since she In other ways the Mission has been allowed to believed, she has become kind-hearted and patient. bear witness, as in the blessedness of an interde- Everybody knows about it." nominational fellowship, and in the possibility of The missionary looked at her. Seventy-three maintaining an international relationship even years old. She might be gone before he could through the war. The ideals of Hudson Taylor come around next year. He decided to go on with have not been proved impossible, but they have the examination. been embodied in life, and have stood the strain "Who is God?" and test of seventy varied years. "God is our heavenly Grandfather." "Where is He?" We cannot close without a word of gratitude to "Wherever I go, He is there." God for His goodness to the Mission in the matter "Can you talk to Him?" of leadership. The seventy years of the Mission Her face brightened with understanding : "Yes, history are strangely divided into two equal peri- I can." ods of thirty-five years each, with the Boxer crisis "When do you talk to him?" in the centre. From 1865 to 1900, Hudson Taylor, "Why, very often. When I am working in the the founder, was the leader of the Mission, and fields, when I am making bread, when I feel sad, from 1900 to 1935, that great responsibility has I talk to him and my heart is broadened." She rested upon the shoulders of Mr. D. E. Hoste. was now on familiar ground. "I talk to him when- God's best gifts are often found embodied in some ever I want to. Sometimes I have more to say consecrated personality, and the Mission cannot and talk longer. Sometimes I have only one or be too grateful to God for the long and devoted two thoughts and talk shorter. Whatever I have labors of those who have had the rule over the in my heart, I say." work. Mr. Hoste is now well over seventy years of age, and the time has come when he must lay From Jesse R. Wilson's new book, Men and Women of his burden down. The prayers of Christian Far Horizons (paper, 60 cents; cloth, $1.00), which is friends are asked for the one upon whom the published by the Friendship Press, New York. great responsibility of leadership in the days to

Forty–Seven Years Among the Chinese*

The Fruit of the Labors of Dr. and Mrs. Jonathan Goforth D R. AND MRS. JONATHAN GOFORTH re- compromise with sin, he is always very tender in turned to Canada early this year after dealing with sinners. forty-seven years of consecrated missionary Throughout these forty-seven years he has service in China and Manchuria. When Dr. and never lost that passion to save souls and to give Mrs. Goforth were in Canada nine years ago they the message of salvation to the unsaved. The met Allan Reoch, a young student just graduating hardships he has been willing to endure, the scars at Knox College and he returned to China with on his body (marks of the Lord Jesus), his ex- them. ample at the age of seventy-six, and blind, testify- Mr. Reoch has written the following illumi- ing for our Lord with the energy of youth are all nating study of Dr. and Mrs. Goforth who have proofs of this. Not only has his love for the left their beloved mission field in Manchuria to Saviour been the impelling motive, but also his return to Canada. love for the people. The Chinese aTE) intensely at- tached to him. What qualities have made Dr. and Mrs. Jonathan Goforth so outstanding and so marvelously Not only has he labored in season and out, to used in their work for the Saviour? I came across reconcile lost souls to God through the preaching the following "Seven Rules for Daily Living" of the Cross and shed blood of Jesus, but his work made by Dr. Goforth in 1894 and written on the in reviving backslidden Christians is too well fly leaf of his Bible: known to need further comment. His prayer has been, "0 Lord, revive thy work in the midst of the 1. Seek to give much-expect nothing. years." 2. Put the very best construction on the actions of others. 3. Never let a day pass without at least a quarter of an In all these qualities Mrs. Goforth has shared to hour spent in the study of the Bible. the full. All through the years she has been an 4. Never omit daily morning and evening private prayer able and loyal helper, rendering effective aid to and devotions. the cause of Christ amid dangerous scenes. While 5. In all things seek to know God's will and, when not able these last few years to engage as actively in the preaching as before, on account of ill health, known, obey at any cost. she has carried on an equally important work and 6. Seek to cultivate a quiet, prayerful spirit. 7. Seek each day to do or say something to further Christianity among the heathen. strenuous correspondence.

Dr. Goforth has lived up to these rules. He has After having worked with Dr. and Mrs. Goforth surpassed them. His love for the Bible is well for many years, all these qualities together with known, and he has taken every opportunity to read their obedience to God, strict honesty, generosity, it. Even after becoming blind he had a Chinese kindness, and benevolence remain as precious read to him at least twelve chapters a day. His memories. loyalty to the Bible as the Word of God, and his defense of the fundamentals of the faith have been Dr. Goforth held a week of special meetings just outstanding in his career. before leaving. The farewell service, which lasted four and a half hours on January 20 was attended He is a man of prayer, and through prayer and by many of our Chinese leaders. Bible study has sought to know God's will. It is this love for Bible reading and communion with Pastor Chiang, who represented the Christians God that has given him the power to move audi- from the North, struck a high note when he said, ences to a conviction of sin and repentance. At "Now that Elijah is leaving, we must all be Elishas and pray for a double portion of Elijah's all times he keeps self in the background and relies spirit." wholly on the power of the Holy Spirit to take of the things of Jesus and reveal them unto his Dr. Goforth, speaking from Acts 2, dwelt on hearers. "Not by might, nor by power, but by my the Promise of Power, and the necessity of being Spirit. . . ." These Scriptures have ever been filled with the Holy Spirit to save those yet in his battle cry. darkness. The Christians from every part of the field sent farewell gifts to Dr. and Mrs. Goforth. The silk banners were hung on the walls, while a Though Dr. Goforth's preaching contains a long table was covered with silver shields, all stern denunciation of sin, and in no case tolerates manifestations of their love for them personally and an expression of appreciation of what the • Condensed from The Sunday Schoo! Times, Philadelphia, May Gospel has meant to them.

25, 1935.

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Everyone expects their forty-seven years of and gambling. He broke everyone of the ten eminently fruitful service in China and Manchuria commandments more than once. Among other to be crowned with rich blessing among the things, he sold opium and rented out his buildings churches in the homeland. for houses of ill fame. He was converted a year and a half ago and since then has been a tower of Some Fruits of Their Labors strength in the work. He has lived a changed life The result of this aggressive evangelism is that ever since, has provided buildings for a church, precious souls nave been won to Christ and have and gives testimony himself. Whereas before he the hope of eternal life. Some of the old Chris- never got up in the mornings until near noon, now tians we found in a backslidden condition have he is at the church at five a. m. for early morning prayer meeting. DR. AND. MRS. JONATHAN GOFORTH TODAY Mr. Sung, of Tailai, was not baptized when we been restored. One in particular who has been opened work there, but he was a nominal Chrisgreatly used in opening new centers, especially in tian, and his father was an elder. Living away the country districts, is Wang Teh HaL He was from home, he had not received much instruction, baptized about twenty-five years ago, but shortly but was anxious to help. He was seIling opium on afterward an unconverted deacon in the church the side, and, when reproved for his conduct, taught him the best tricks in gambling. Afterthis slapped faithful pastor T'ang in the face. But love Mr. Wang became the most notorious gambler in and patience won the day. Mr. Sung has been his country and was feared because of his con- made a new man in Christ and is a pillar in the stant lawsuiting. He had a fierce temper. One church. Last year, when the building of a church day while he was listening to the preaching of the was discussed, he sold five pigs and brought the Gospel, a pastor offered him a Scripture portion, money to the treasurer. but he threw it to the ground in a rage. The second day, however, his hardened heart was touched, Among the recent converts, Mr. and Mrs. Wang, and he has been out and out for the Lord since. of Tailai, are outstanding. When, in the autumn He said lately that in his unregenerate days, if of 1930, the missionary was doing evangelistic anyone stole a chicken out of his yard or a pump- work in that city, he went out with the colporteur kin off his window sill, he would stand on the selling Scripture portions. One of those to buy housetop and swear at the neighbors for three was a soldier. Later he went to a shop to find out days. Now he used his flow of language in telling what they were about, as he couldn't read. He the Gospel story. only bought them because they were so cheap. The manager in the shop said he didn't know and Mr. Tung is the most prominent and wealthy gave away the ones he had bought to Mr. Wang, layman who has joined with us. He was baptized who then went to the chapel and heard the Gospel three years before the Boxer trouble and remained for the first time. He was so impressed that he steadfast throughout that persecution. Later he decided to become a Christian. On reaching home became an official and rich in this world's goods. he smashed up his opium lamps, for beside being He fell from grace and took unto himself eight a soldier, he ran an opium den. Mrs. Wang bewives, spent his days in opium smoking, drinking, came as ardent a Christian as her husband. What a change the light and love of Jesus brought into that dark and sinful home! Now, four years later, we find Mr. Wang working as an evangelist. Mrs. Wang went to Bible college at her own expense and does voluntary preaching among the women. They are a marvelous couple, showing in their lives the power of the saving grace of God. . . . .

Another who has come out on the Lord's side, is Chang Pao Cheng. He was living in Szepingkai with his mother, wife, and family. When his mother became ill, his wife decided to consult a fortune-teller, as things were going from bad to worse in spite of her daily burning incense to pla- cate the gods.- Seeing her distress, and having listened sympathetically to her tale of woe, the fortune-teller said that their little daughter was the cause of all their troubles and that they would have to get rid of her. Mrs. Chang was to keep on a vegetable diet, burn twice as much incense,

FORTY-SEVEN YEARS AM;ONG THE CHINESE

and finally give him a liberal contribution for his the thirteen-year-old daughter of Mr. Sun, as he advice. grabbed her tightly around the throat.

For the next few days, Mrs. Chang could be "I don't know where my father is, and even if seen walking up and down the streets of Szeping- you kill me, I can't tell you where he has fled to kai, carrying her daughter in her arms. The child because I don't know," she replied in a calm voice.

was dressed in her best clothes with a piece of The unperturbed manner of this country girl straw sticking in a buttonhole. That was a sign in the face of danger was so different from what the girl was for sale. But nobody wanted to buy they had ever seen that one bandit asked of his the girl, and wouldn't take her even for nothing, companion in evil, "What kind of a girl is this?"

as every family had enough to do to make ends "I'm a Christian," she said, slowly raising her meet without adding to expenses. head (for she had been standing bowed in silent One day while looking for a prospective buyer, prayer). "I think you would like to hear me sing,"

Mrs. Chang stopped at the market place where a she ventured.

theatrical performance was in progress. The "Yes, sing us a song," the bandits shouted.

church had also put up a tent and, taking advan- She sang a hymn, and they were so pleased that tage of the large numbers present, preached daily they wanted to hear some more. "Wait until I to the crowds. Mrs. Chang heard the Gospel for call my cousin and we'll sing together. You will the first time, went home and told her husband.. like that better still," was her reply. When her The next day Mr. Chang went, and was even more cousin, a girl about her own age arrived, they sang impressed. They decided for Christ, went home another hymn, and the robbers were so delighted and smashed their idols, determined not to sell the that they returned all of her father's goods they child but to trust in Jesus for the recovery of the had stolen. "Please give back my uncle's things, sick. From that time on, the old woman began too," she boldly pleaded, and they did as she asked.

to recover, and is still hale and hearty. On leaving gave her two dollars as well.

Later Mr. Chang was made an elder at Szep- A Farewell Message ingkai. Now he is out preaching in a very wild district. When he was a young man living in A "Farewell Message from Dr. and Mrs. Go- Shantung, he lived a very bad life. How com- forth" sent to friends in January, just before they pletely he was changed by Christ! He became left Manchuria, contains the following: gentle and could be trusted absolutely and was As we lay down this work, we praise God for our faithconstantly sent to the bank on business. A year ful coworkers, the Rev. and Mrs. Allan Reoch and the Rev.

ago he returned to his old home for a short visit and Mrs. William G. Davis, who with some splendid Chi- nese leaders must now carryon. They have all along been and won family after family for the Lord. absolutely one with us in the aggressive evangelistic The Sun Girls and Bandits methods adopted from the inception of this work. Mr. Reoch is now Secretary-Treasurer of the Goforth Evan- A typical case of how the Christians stood firm gelistic Funds Account, from which nearly all our evanduring the chaotic conditions prevailing two years legists are supported. Address the Rev. Allan Reoch, ago may be seen in the case of the Sun girls. My Szepingkai, Manchuria.

notebook tells the tale better than memory could We plan to open a "Goforth Evangelistic Funds Acrecall. count" in the Canadian Bank of Commerce, Toronto, in which all money for this work will be deposited. Our "If you don't tell me where your father is, I'll home address is 47 St. James' Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, kill you," said a rough looking Chinese bandit to Canada.

A MISSIONARY'S PRAYER By VIOLA RICH SIMTH, Legaspi, Albay, Philippine Islands Oh, lift us heavenly Father, At noontide, with its scorching heat, And strengthen day by day From labor worn, we find The feeble thoughts that yearn toward Thee, Renewal, rest and'peaceful power, For we would learn to pray. At once with Thine Own mind.

We come to Thee at morningtide, "At even' when the sun is set," When skies are clouded gray; We bring our day to Thee, The howling winds of bitter fear And find its petty burdens gone, Thou clearest from our day. Ourselves, Christ-centered, free.

Letter to a New Missionary*

By ALEXANDER McLEISH, London World Dominion Movement YOU wish to know how best to set about your provide material for home letters, but your spir- work. To answer that is not easy, but there itual power, your success in creating a living are certain things which stand out prom- Christian fellowship, may be conspicuously absent. inently. First of all I would place at the center, One of your problems will be the use of money. as of primary importance, the influence of per- The amount the missionary spends on himself and sonality. One must keep the best of one's energy his household will seem prodigality to the poor for personal relationships. There must be un- villager so that you must make every effort to live hurried daily communion with God through Bible . simply and with as little display as possible. This study, meditation and prayer. You cannot live is the way of avoiding innumerable difficulties. on spiritual reserves, but on day by day "income." "Give us this day our daily bread" has a twofold The problem of a young missionary going to an old field is very different, and also very diffisignificance. cult. Here he finds work which is long estab- Secondly, every contact in any capacity is a lished, and the question will arise in his mind why, after thirty years or so, has it not been commissionary method, and therefore you are "on duty" 'every moment of the day. mitted to the people themselves to carryon i The Does anything else matter? In a sense, no! saying that "here we have no continuing city" is You may often be perplexed as to what you should true of the contact of foreign missionaries with do. The urge to get things done is Western and native peoples. The missionary is not intended to modern. As your object is to build up a truly in- be a permanent factor in the life of an alien peodigenous Church, you should aim principally at ple. His work is to make Christ the permanent winning the family to Christ. In the social sys- factor, and himself to pass on to other pioneer tems of India, China and Africa, the family and tasks as quickly as he may. The one thing wllich the communal life are the real units. As a general will justify your presence in an old field today is rule it is better to urge the individual to realize the strengthening of the indigenous Church to his Christian duty to the members of his family live its own life and to develop its own institutions and to seek to bring them with him before he is in its own way and with its own personnel. The baptized, for once baptized he will in most cases acid test of work today is whether it can stand be effectively cut off from further influence with alone in the absence of the missionary and withthem. A convert always finds it easier to wind out the help of foreign funds. his family before his baptism than after, and thus the social unit is won. This may mean in- It will be seen that a new missionary's task is no easy one. Every talent will be needed, and the tensive rather than extensive work. For this vital contact with the people the first more he possesses the better. A great deal of the requirement is intimate knowledge of their lan- paraphernalia of modern missions he will find to guage, customs and ways of thinking. To keep be of little use. He will find it best to study the first things first is no easy task. You may find Master's methods and closely follow them. When yourself running a printing press when you could confronted with the difficulties of your task aleasily get the work done elsewhere; you may find ways remember that Christ said, "Lo, I am with yourself hurrying off to a Fair with Gospels, be- you alway, even unto the end of the world." This fore you are able to answer the questions of your alone will give you the true outlook on the situa- hearers. All such activities may fill your day and tion, and will inspire you to press forward with • Condensed from The Burma News. the task of evangelism.

"Growds of young people are awakened to their dire need, and eagerly look to the Church for leadership. In thirteen years in Korea I have never seen such a favorable time as now for direct, aggressive evangelism. Never were the people more eager to hear the good news." -REV. C. C. AMENDT, Konju, Korea.

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Page News-An Airplane Crash*

-ell] By R. W .. HAMBROOK, Washington, D. C. 11Jue– l'". AS A substitute for my chief in the United me to go Home to be with Him or whether he still States Office of Education, I spoke before had more work for me to do. His answer seemed members of the New York Teachers' As- to be that my work on earth was not yet finished, sociation at Syracuse, New York. Having been and therefore I sought His promises and found compelled to sleep on Pullmans for two nights, I comfort in John 15: 7-"If ye abide in me, and decided to return to Washington by air. A plane my words abide in you, ye shall ask what ye will was to leave at 7: 23 p. m., which would allow me and it shall be done unto you." I searched my own to spend a night in Newark, and reach Washington heart and then I said, "Lord, I will to live, if You the next morning at the same time as by train. will me to live."

It was snowing heavily when I reached the Syra- It may have been seconds or it may have been cuse airport, but the wind was scarcely evident. minutes after we brushed the top of the tree be- About 7: 30, after the pilot fore we struck other trees. We had made careful inquiry re- were in total darkness, but my garding weather conditions The secular press gave con- emotions were not at all disahead, and after being in- tinent-wide front-page dis- turbed, and I was noting carestructed to fly, we left Syra- play to the incident here re- fully the different events cuse with a pilot, co-pilot, and corded. While grateful to the which were taking place. The a passenger co-pilot, and my- men who, on land and in the nose of the plane turned self as the only paying pas- air, ran great risks or endured downwards and struck the senger. real hardships to effect their ground first, and then the We had been flying for rescue, and deeply apprecia- plane settled on the snow as about three-quarters of an tive of those interests, wheth- level as if it had been laid on hour when I became aware er private corporations or special foundations. Immedithat something was wrong. I ately the two pilots rushed indid not know that the left government owned, that· in a to the cabin and asked if anymotor had stopped in conse- single day burned up nine body was hurt. To the astonquence of ice, nor did I know thousand gallons of gasoline ishment of all, not a leg, nor that a small amount of ice had in their efforts to locate them an arm, nor even a finger was formed on the leading edge of by plane, Mr. Hambrook broken, nor was one drop of avows his supreme indebtedthe wings, resulting in de- ness to the Heavenly Father. blood shed, nor was one of us His compensation for the two creased wing efficiency. A days and two nights of phys- in any way stunned. I re- light burning in the front of ical suffering and nervous marked that God had an- the cabin said, in effect, "Do strain lay in the joy that he swered our prayer and had not remove your safety belt had in leading his three com- saved our lives. or smoke as long as this light panions to a saving knowlremains lit"; it had not been edge of Jesus Christ. Gasoline was pouring out of the left tank in the wing. We turned off as is the custom stepped out of the cabin door upon leaving an airport. The into snow almost to our knees cabin was growing cold through lack of heat from and stayed there until all gasoline had ceased run- the exhaust of the left motor. The plane throbbed ning; then we returned to the cabin, turned on somewhat, caused, as I learned later, from the the lights, and made a survey of our situation.

"missing" right motor. This motor had been The two active pilots spent the night in the open, supercharged and was working at its limit, but by the side of a small fire which they had lit, in yet the plane was losing altitude. hopes that someone might have heard the sound The first indication to me that anything serious of our crash and come to rescue us. The passenger was the matter was when we brushed the top of co-pilot and I spent the night in the cabin in a a tree. As a child of God, my thoughts naturally temperature somewhere between freezing and turned to Him, and I asked whether He wished zero.

• Reprinted from The Evangelical Christian, Toronto, Canada. The next morning the pilot and the passenger [419 ]

co-pilot decided to seek a way out to the north, available. We took the fifteen seat cushions and takmg the airplane compass to guide them. After placed them under our feet and in front and in going about two miles they decided to return be- back of our feet, and then we pulled off the cur- fore becoming completely exhausted. One of the tains from the windows and wrapped them around men decided to repair the radio, and found the our feet. The two blankets we shared among us.

antenna broken, but the battery still in good con- Never shall I forget the misery of that night, dition. Starting the generators, he called Albany, as the temperature reached 15 degrees below zero. giving the number of the plane saying that we I was so cold that it seemed as if my body must were all safe and not injured, stating our altitude, shake to pieces. Only those who have had similar and requesting assistance as soon as possible. experiences can understand what we passed Several calls were made at different intervals for through during that night. We had gone into the the purpose of directing the radio beam to chart cabin shortly after dark, and after we had been our location. shivering for a short time, I began to pray out Fifteen Degrees Below Zero loud, constantly referring to Scripture. I was most grateful that I had stored my memory with During the day a lean-to was made, using sap- multitudes of His promises. The prayers of that lings tied at the top and fastening upon them night have all been answered. We were still cold, fabric torn from the wings and fuselage of the but I learned again the infallible truth of Philipplane. The fabric was tied with strings to the pians 4: 6-7-"In nothing be anxious, but in ev- erything by prayer and supplication, with thankssaplings. giving let your requests be made known unto God, I prayed with the men and asked God to send and the peace of God which passeth all underdeliverance. In addition, I prayed many times standing shall garrison your hearts and your alone. Our lean-to was about ten feet in diameter thoughts in Christ Jesus." His peace filled my and a little over one-half of a circle, but it was soul. somewhat small for the four of us, so several times I left the other three to attempt to make a good Life Out of Death fire where several logs could be pushed together. It was a distressing night. I do not believe any Try as we would, however, we were unable to se- one of us slept for more than a few moments at cure wood that burned brightly, or made smoke. a time. Only God kept us from freezing to death. which would rise above the tops of the trees. A' Many, many times we referred to our watches to foot of snow had fallen during the night, and see how long before morning. Shortly after dawn, with the snow previously on the ground, made a we heard the sound of an airplane. All four of us depth of nearly three feet. With no shovel, no axe, immediately rushed out into the snow to see a and no food to give strength, it proved very ex- plane equipped with skis flying a few hundred hausting to secure wood from under this depth of feet above the trees, less than one-quarter mile snow. Our only means of removing snow was away. Although we waved our arms frantically, sheet metal cowling taken from around the motors. the pilot failed to see us. It seemed as if some of Numbers of times I knelt near this second fire to the 35 to 50 planes which were sent out to rescue plead with God for aid, but the heavens seemed as us were within sight of us a good part of the day.

brass, and no answers came. The sky was overcast When our plane crashed, the interior was in as all day Saturday, and no airplane came within good condition as when we left Syracuse, with the reach. We heard no sound of automobile horn, rail- exception of one seat a leg of which had pushed road train, or airplane. Again and again I sought its way through the floor. We used seat covers to the promises, and my thoughts turned to John 15: protect our ears and to cover our feet to prevent 7. I asked God if I were abiding in the Lord Jesus snow from getting into our shoes. We utilized and if His words were abiding in me, and I asked strips of curtains for tying the seat covers and Him to search my heart and see if anything as yet other material on our feet and legs. One man had was unconfessed to Him. . I wanted nothing to a pair of zipper overshoes, another had a pair of come between myself and God. Still the answers low rubbers, whereas the other two had nothing did not come. . more than low shoes. Pillow cases, towels and We made our plans for Saturday night so that pillows were all put into service in some way, we could secure as much protection from the cold Even the parcel rack material was ripped from its and assist each other, as far as possible. It was place and made into leggings and foot coverings.

impossible to secure wood enough to burn The leather backs of the pilot seats made good throughout the night. We could light no fire in the leggings when tied with strips of curtain material.

cabin without burning it. None of the fifteen seats One of the men said he was tempted to chew on could be removed because there were no tools the leather before using it for leggings, but de-

FRONT PAGE NEWS – AN AIRPLANE CRASH

cided the dye might be poisonous. Strange to say ferred to John 1: 12 again. He replied, "A son of we were not conscious of hunger. God." I asked whether he would thank God for this fact in his own words, and there in that deep About ten o'clock Sunday morning two of us de- snow, he, with a towel bound around his head, and cided that we had better make one more attempt I with a seat cover over my head, with our hats at finding our way out. Consequently we fitted off, he expressed his appreciation to God for the ourselves up to walk through the deep snow. We fact that he was now a child of God. had pushed through the deep snow, over huge fallen logs, over small hills and into hollows, for We trudged along. The thrill of that moment about a mile. Before leaving our camp I had asked is with me as I write. Numbers of times as we God (according to James 1: 5, 6), to give wisdom walked along my companion said, "Mr. Hamand to show us a way out, that we might bring brook, it seems so different n9w." help to the other two left behind. We stopped to rest a moment, and I challenged my companion, We came to what seemed to us a swamp. The saying, "lam concerned about your soul. Are you really satisfied that all is well?" He replied, MR. HAMB'ROOK WELCOMED HOMill AFTER THE CRASH "No, Mr. Hambrook, I am not satisfied." "Then," I said, "what is to prevent you from snow was deep, but we could travel in a straight making things right now, before we go any line. At one point, my pilot friend all of a sudden farther?" He replied, "Nothing, if you will slipped into water up to his knees. Wet legs and show me how." zero weather do not go very well together, so we turned back and continued on the same side of You can imagine the delight that was mine in the swamp until we reached a deer trail, the only knowing how to show him the way to salvation. sign of animal life that we had seen. While we I began with John 1: 12-"But as many as re- were contemplating crossing the swamp, our skiceived him, to them gave he power to become equipped airplane flew nearby, but failed to see us, the sons of God, even to them that believe on although later he told of seeing our trail in the his name." Then I explained by John 1: 1-3- snow. "In the beginning was the word and the word was with God and the Word was God; the same was in the beginning with God; all things were made by him and without him was not anything made that was made" – whom it was that should be received-that it was Deity, the Christ of God. Then I passed on to John 1 : 14, "And the Word was made flesh and dwelt among us and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father, full of grace and truth," and pointed out from this the manhood of Christ. From there I referred to John 1 : 29, "Behold the Lamb of God which taketh away the sin of the world," and explained how the blood of Christ was necessary to take away sin. Next reference was made to Romans 10: 9, 10, "That if thou shalt confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus and shalt believe in thine heart that God hath raised him from the dead thou shalt be saved; for with the heart man believeth unto righteousness, and with the mouth confession is made unto salvation."

The question was put: "Will you accept the Lord Jesus Christ as your Saviour?" He immediately said, "I will." I then asked him if he would tell God this fact. He said he would repeat after me in sincerity such prayer as I would present to God. We both prayed around the Scriptures referred to above, and ended by a statement something like this, "I, in this snow, among these trees, accept You, Lord Jesus, as my Saviour." Immediately I asked him, "What are you now?" and re-

It was suggested that we go back to camp be- in 25 degrees below zero temperature. How we fore exhaustion was complete. God said, "Go back. thanked God for men with hearts like these men There are two more in the camp whom you must who rescued us. lead to Christ." We reached camp about 1: 30 p. m., and immediately I put the same questions to Between one and two o'clock in the morning, one of the other men, with the same result. At seven of the men went back, and two remained 1: 45 the third pilot came into our lean-to and I with us all night. After a while one of the pilots put the same questions to him, discussed the same said, "Don't you think we ought to thank God for Scripture passages, received the same replies from this?" So he prayed, and I prayed, and the other him. two prayed, thanking God for His wondrous kind- ness in saving us in our hour of need. Then I began to understand why God had not answered the praye'rs which had gone up to Him At eleven o'clock, an army plane flew overhead for rescue. Now all four of us were members of and dropped a parachute of food for us. Early the body of Christ and could go tod-od' in unity the next morning another plane dropped another and make request for rescue. We prayed around parachute and now we had enough food to start our small fire and told God that we needed His aid, a restaurant. In the morning men returned with that we had done all we knew how toward our a toboggan, boots, woollen socks, and other things, rescue, but now that He must take action. We to bring us out of the woods. The pilot was carrequested God to send help before midnight, as we ried on the toboggan; the co-pilot walked most of felt that some of us would have passed· into death the way, but was very weak, having bruised his before morning. face and injured his jaw in the crash.

It was growing colder every minute. The situa- On our way into Morehouseville, I was privition looked hopeless; but our trust was in God. leged to talk to the leader of the men who reached At dusk, when it seemed as if all search would us the night before. After discussing the same cease, we heard the noise of an airplane over- Scriptures with him, he held out his hand and head, and then saw its lights. As hastily as said, "I'll do that," and there in those woods, he fatigued bodies would allow, two of the men se- accepted Christ as his Saviour, and lifted his cured gasoline and threw it upon a tree, and then voice in gratitude to God. with an ember from the fire, lighted it. The flare attracted the attention of the pilot, and he began An ambulance was waiting for us at Moreto make circles around us. Our joy can be imag- houseville to take those who needed it to the hosined, for we knew that he would immediately radio pital. The two of us who had walked the entire to our relatives and friends that we were safe. way rode in the doctor's car to St. Elizabeth's All of us stood by the flare to indicate I'tliat all Hospital in Utica, where I shaved myself, took a four were able to stand up. bath, and left Utica on a plane at about six o'clock for Washington. The bad weather forced us down Saved At Last at Newark, and it was necessary for me to con- tinue to Washington by train. The first plane left us, after dropping a flare, but soon afterwards another airplane appeared. Was it worth it? An $80,000 plane was de- We did not know just what he was doing, but he stroyed except for some parts salvaged. The four continued flying over and at about 10 :,30 we heard of us suffered untold agony for two days and two a shot, then a shout.' Two of the men~n our party nights. Our relatives and friends went through went outside and shot off their revO,lvers, while great anxiety. Nine thousand gallons of gasoline two of us stayed in the lean-to next'~ to the fire. were consumed in one day by airplanes searching Never shall I forget how my whole being sobbed for us. in gratitude to God -for bringing aid.~ Jesus said, "What shall it profit a man if he In a few moments, nine men reached us, bring- gain the whole world and lose his own soul?" ing hot coffee, chocolate, bread, sandwiches, wool- (Mark 8: 36). If it ,had cost the whole world to len socks, blankets, and other things to make us win those souls, it would have been worth it. comfortable. Soon a big warm fire was burning and we were chewing slowly on the food. These Since the accident happened one of the pilots men did not know then that they were answering has publically given his testimony many times and our request to God in bringing help, for only those his :wife has recently been converted. A recent acquainted with these Adirondack woods can rea- letter from one of the men ends: "May God bless lize what it means to tramp through the deep snow you for showing me the Way." One of the resat night over rough ground for four or five miles cuers writes : "We rescued us and then you res- cued me." • Your cooperation in giving this thrilling testimony a wide distribution is most heartily invited. Price per copy 10c, 3 for 25c, I would not go through the experience again for $7.50 per hundred. Evangelical Publishers, 366 Bay Street, Toronto, millions of dollars, but I believe I would go Canada. through it again if' God wanted in that way to bring one more soul to Him.*

Challenge of Changing

An Address Delivered at the Younger Men's Missionary Congress. Stevens Hotel, Chicago, May 3, 1935 By GEORGE CRAIG STEWART Bishop of Chicago M EN talk of a coming revolution in the world from now on there's going to be a change!'" It order. We are in it. Men speak of the would be a dull world if there were no change. Day of Judgment. It is here. I entered It would be a mad world if there were no stability.

college in 1895. Christmas Ev·e of that year 2. Well, there is no danger of a static world. marked, I suppose, a very definite gateway into This era of ours is a very helter-skelter of change. a new universe so vast, and subtle and mysterious And I am glad to be alive in it. It is exciting, adthat all our conceptions have had to be recast. In venturous, perilous, challenging, and that fits my 1900 the dictionary did not include "radio" or religion. (Sometimes you know I am called a high "movie" or "chauffeur" or "aviator" or "jazz" or churchman. Very well, we have in the Episcopal "hijacker" or "rum-runner" or "income tax" or Church an interesting triplet,-"Low and lazy, "parcel post" or "fundamentalist" or "bolshevist" broad and hazy, high and crazy.") or "quantum theory,"-Pas rei. "Everything flows." The map of the world, the map of the uni- Jesus Christ came into the world to change it, verse; the map of life changes before the ink is to change lives, to change attitudes, to change indry on your old one. It is bewildering. And the stitutions, to change human relationships, to main features of these changes are- change the world. He refuses to be pocketed by any party or by any "ism," but He is and always 1. The narrowing world of communications. has been a revolutionary. Wherever He is the en- 2. The new emphasis upon the common welfare vironment changes. And there is no place in His of all the race. discipleship for those who want to settle on the 1. Now there is something in us that resists lees. "Let the dead bury their dead," He says, "go change and also something that demands it. Here thou and preach tbe kingdom." are two fundamental human bents-one for things as they are; one for things as they ought to be The kingdom is fresh seed planted in every and are to be. One side of us is with the past and soil and growth is change. It is light for every conservatism- darkness, and light is lively. I see the economic and social and political upheavals, the scientific So was it when my life began and philosophical and religious shifts and up- So is it when I am a man, heavals in the world today as the signs of God shaking the earth, sifting the nations, breaking up So be it when I shall grow old the old stale modes of thought, tearing down and one side of us is with the restless spirits who Rejoice that man is hurled, withering and sterile relics of empty tradition, From change to change unceasingly, and pouring His spirit into men, imperatively de- manding life-life more abundant. And to you His soul's wings never furled.

If one side of us has all the say we become old, and me He comes challenging us as His followers static, obfuscous, obscurantist, fossilized. If the sayingother has all the say we become noisy nuisances Look to your faith! Is it so anremic that it will committed to what Walter Raleigh called "the not stand going out of doors where the bright idiotic simplicity of the revolutionary idea." light of science beats and the tearing gales of a I remember once down in Memphis, Tennessee, new naturalism and skepticism come out of the many, many years ago hearing a Baptist orator northeast? A challenge faces your Christian eth- preaching a very eloquent sermon. He was all ics which you say are based on the character of flame. The only thing I remember was this, that God-can they stand the tests of new social vision, he compared England with America. "In Eng- or will they capitulate and be revealed as only a land," said he, "they say, 'as it was in the begin- kind of protective coloring for the old order?

ning, is now, and ever shall be:' but in America Is your Church the Body of Christ with the we say, 'As it was in the beginning, is now, but wounds full of the power of crucifixion and resur- [423 ]

rection, or is it a "subsidy of Caiaphas" and a bul- There is a crisis here today in the world. There wark of the privileged class? A challenge to your was once a crisis in Jerusalem. Uzziah the great creed! Is it the dry bones of formula, or is it the statesman king was dead. Then a young man, beblood in your spiritual veins, beating through your wildered like the rest, went to the temple to ask reason and firing your will? Can it be said of us God to raise up some one on whom they could lean. as of the apostles-"they thfl,t have turned the And suddenly God spoke to him. "Why not you ?" world upside down are come hither also"? The other day a young man, a Christian, came to me and said-"I believe the time is ripe for some 3. John Buchan, the new Governor-General of young man who actually believes in the risen and Canada, has just written another book-since his contemporary and reigning Christ to rise up and "Cromwell"-I mean "The People's King"-in sweep all young men of the country into following honor of the 25th anniversary of his gracious Him in establishing His kingdom." I said, "Why majesty, King George V. And in that book he not you?" brilliantly reviews the Georgian Era and its changes. Indeed he begins with 1834-100 years After all when I see Jesus Christ coming down ago, with a picture of young Gladstone and his the center of the world's stage the kindest, friendfirst t,erm in Parliament. Gladstone was only 25 liest, cleanest, gr,eatest, noblest, grandest figure years old. He returned to spend a week-end in of all ages, I observe that what He is really about Oxford. And what do you think his diary reveals? is calling for leaders. "Will you come? Will you He spent the week-end reading. Reading what? follow Me?" Pickering on "Adult Baptism!" "The name of the book," says Buchan, "moves me like a spell. And suddenly I hear a vulgar Philistine's Preposterous and yet magnificent! The symbol modern note, "What'll we get out of it?" of a lost security of soul long ago dropped by the wayside!" Then Buchan goes on to show the de- And His reply is the kind that challenges all veloping skepticism and religious languor of the that is finest in man-"Get out of it? You'll sleep end of the century. The manly humility, called the with me in the bracken. 'Foxes have holes and the fear of God, began to disappear. And then the birds have nests, but I have not where to lay my war-August 4, 1914. Sir Edward Gray looking head? Are you game? Drink a bitter cup! I out from his window in the Foreign Office as the must drink it. Are you able? I must go to the lights sprang out of the dusk said, "The lamps are cross and my followers too. Loneliness. Scorn. going out all over Europe: we shall never see them Opposition. Hatred. Death. Will you come?" lit again in our life-time." And then came the crashing of thrones and the filling of a world with "What if we are alone, and don't know the the noise and dust of them. And following the way?" war, the disintegration of morals, the flood of cloacal fiction, and petty petulant poetry, and joy- "I am the way. I will be with you to the ages of less gaity, and everywhere the familiar cliches ages." of decadence. "Where shall we go?" But now out of the depression-to be seen in facism, in communism, in nazism-everywhere "To the ends of the earth!" youth is springing forward with fresh willingness to sacrifice, with idealisms not to be denied, with "What shall we do?" a demand that the spirit shall be recognized. "Heal the sick, teach the good news, baptize 4. There is in the Christian faith the stability them into me and my kingdom !" not of stubborn death but of growing life. The larger universe has not destroyed God but enlarged You know what happened; a Power that went God. We need a bigger God than we have like wind and fire through Syria, through Greece, dreamed, and how the world today leaps to re- through Rome, and when Rome fell gripped the ceive Him. invaders, swept through France, England, Ire- land, Scotland, leaped to America, and is this Christ, as Tertullian said, is "not convention very day changing not only individual lives but but Truth." His shoulder, as Francis Thompson society itself in every part of the earth. said, is "too high for me to lean upon it," and yet how He stoops to us! Jesus Christ is bigger, vast- David Livingstone said, "We will go anywhere er, than we have dared to think, and yet as ever provided it be forward." I think of the three available to the hllmblest. The challenge is not young men who faced a wonderful picture in one from the new world to Him, but from Him to you of the galleries of Europe, "Come unto me." In it and me. one can see the sick, the sinful, the discouraged, the worldly -coming. But one young man stood longer than the rest searching the eyes of Christ, and letting his soul come up and speak and finally that young man did speak,- "0 Man of Galilee if I can help you in your great world job, count on me!"

– ¥;II &IA $

PAPAU TA CHAPEL – I N TERIOR; ALL-SAMOAN DESI GN A N D WOR KMANSHIP Building an All–Samoan Chapel * By EVELYN A. DOWNS 1·- L. M. S. Missionary, Papauta, Western Samoa ~==========================~ PAPAUTA L. M. S. Girls' School in Samoa is asked for a plan and took it away to consider now forty-three years old, and all through whether it could be constructed. A few days later those years the church services have been held he returned full of enthusiasm, saying that he and in the big schoolroom. The teachers and mis- his fifty men were ready to start immediately.

sionaries have talked often of a beautiful Samoan They would cut all the materials out of the forest, cruciform building for a church, in which only and would try to make everything as perfect as Samoan materials and workmanship should be possible. We had no idea of beginning so soon, used. but we felt that the opportunity might not come With this object the girls planted sugarcane again. So within a week we had fifty men in the two years ago, so that there should be plenty of compound with our plantation men. The old chiefs thatch if ever the dream were realized. At the of Saanapu decided to come to keep the boys in same time they began to plait sinnet from the order, and direct the work. The men were with husk of the coconut, for there are no nails in a us for six weeks and we had services together '

Samoan building; everything is bound together every Sunday. The boys as well as our own school- with miles of string. They are optimists, for girls caught the spirit of working joyfully to the times are hard in Samoa and at the beginning of glory of God. As the building grew, all seemed 1934 the church building seemed a far-away pos- to be conscious of the peace that pervaded it.

sibility. But God rebuked faintheartedness. The The foundation of a Samoan house is laid last sugarcane flourished as never before and the beau- of all. The heavy posts are first put in place, the tiful leaves were ready for mak,ing into thatch. beams hoisted on primitive levers made from Food plantations yielded more taro and bananas than usual, so that there was plenty of food for boughs of trees, and bound firmly to the tops of the carpenters who would live on the estate while the posts. After that all the work is in the roof. working. In June a famous Samoan carpenter We assembled for the raising of the first post, from the village of Saanapu, Iuma by name, came sang a hymn, and the Samoan translation of "God over the hills to visit and I asked him to come to be in my head and in my understanding." The talk of something new. There has never before posts are the trunks of large breadfruit trees been a Samoan building made with transepts. He brought down from our hillside plantations. The great crossbeams are coconut logs.

• R eprinted from The Ohr oni cle; April , 1935. While the young men were doing this heavy [425 ]

THE NEW CHURCH AT PAPAUTA WITH TRANSEPTS, PAPAUTA, SAMOA work, the older men sat under the trees and made Government High School offered to bring the the ribs for the roof, a long, tedious piece of work, while others shaped and spliced the rounded ends earth, and to build up the outside platform. The of the building. This was expert work, for all shaping was from rough logs, and measurements building looked something like a giant anthill, as only by eye. the two hundred boys and our own one hundred We had prepared 20,000 yards of sinnet (string), but we soon realized that there was not and fifty girls rushed backwards and forwards nearly enough. It is an expensive item if it has to be bought so we challenged the girls and asked carrying baskets of soil. them to make as much as they could in a week out-of-school hours. The compound resounded The girls had to go to a part of the beach nine with the thud of beating coconut husk, for the husk had to be gathered, washed, beaten, and miles away for a special kind of grey pebble for rolled before the plaiting could be started. Everyone, big and little, walked round for that week the surface, a species much admired by the with a bundle of husk, and the length of string grew steadily. There was tense excitement when Samoans. lit took two days to gather enough for we measured it a week later; even the tiny girls brought a few yards as their contribution. Alto- forty lorry loads. The village near by entertained gether they had made 26,000 yards in that one week and the sinnet, used in the entire building, the girls, and helped them with the work. is twenty-eight miles in length. The outside posts of the chapel are tree ferns, The girls also undertook to make the thatch, which is the leaf of the sugarcane twisted on to with a beautiful, rounded surface. There are a pieces of wild bamboo two and a half feet long. Some went into the forest to cut the bamboo, while hundred altogether, and they had to be brought others gathered the dried leaves of sugarcane. There are 8,000 pieces of thatch on the roof, made from a forest on a hill ten miles away. by the schoolgirls themselves. The girls helped also to make the lattice work When the building was completed, the next consideration was the floor, which must first be made and blinds, which are slats cut from the slender with heavy rocks, with a layer of beaten earth, and finally covered with a layer of small pebbles some wild coconut and bound together with string. six inches deep. The students of Malue offered to put in a day bringing up the heavy stones which They designed and made the basketwork lampthe girls could not lift; they worked very hard, but it was a merry time. Then the boys of the shades which cover the electric light and match the general scheme of the building.

To stain the woodwork we made a varnish from the bark of the mangrove, and darkened it, as it is red, with lampblack made from the candlenut.

There is very little furniture needed in our chapel, for the congregation sit in Samoan style on the floor for which old Papauta girls in the Tokelau Islands have made beautiful mats. The pulpit is of pomuli, a Samoan forest tree and the log had to be brought several miles. This was the gift of a friend of the school. , Now this truly Samoan chapel lies in the shadow of Vaea Hill, where sleeps Robert Louis Stevenson in his grave "Under the wide and starry sky"; and in front stretches a wide view of the sea beyond the white waves breaking on the coral reef.

Situation in Korea*

By C. BURNELL OLDS, Japan -<I£( Missionary of the American Board T HE process of Japanese assimilation is go- city of 150,000, are seventeen flourishing Pres- ing on in as healthy fashion as could be ex- byterian churches, half of them organized within pected. I heard some complaint from the the last fifteen years, while within the suburban missionaries that the attitude of the government area of the city are twenty-;five Presbyterian in compelling conformity to her program of shrine churches, with 350 country churches of the same worship and reverence for the Japanese soldiers denomination in the province.

who had been killed in battle in Manchuria, was On Sunday morning, in visiting half a dozen of not wise. these churches at the hour of Sunday school, I The government is making great strides in the found practically the whole church constituency Japanization of the population through her diligently engaged in the study of the Bible. No educational program. During the last year the church member or church adherent, old or young, number of primary schools under government is regarded as in good standing if he was not a supervision increased from 4,000 to 7,000. As regular attendant at Sunday school. In the first practically all the instruction in these schools is church visited, 1,115 children were gathered in carried on in the Japanese language this means well-organized classes, during the first hour of the that Japanese is fast becoming the language of morning, followed, the next hour, by 709 adult the country. women, while during the last hour, just before Since Japan is planning evidently to take over noon, there were 344 men gathered for their reg- into her own hands as rapidly as possible the en- ular class work. This made a total attendance at tire educational enterprise in Korea, the mission- Sunday school that morning in that one church, ary enterprise will of necessity have to undergo of 2,168, and that was only an average day.

considerable change. At present a number of sec- The preaching service is held regularly in the afternoon, but since this was a special day, in ondary and higher mission schools are doing work honor of the meeting of the General Assembly, a great mass meeting of all the Presbyterian of such excellent quality that the government may churches in the city was held on the playground of one of the large schools belonging to the misnot be able soon to dispense with them, but even- sion, and it was estimated that there were between 12,000 and 15,000 people present at that service. tually her own system will be so far perfected as This was followed by a parade through the city, in which some five or six thousand people parto make it difficult for privately controlled schools ticipated. Such is the strength of the Presby- terian church in that city, to say nothing of the to continue. Even now students of mission work of the Methodist churches which is, in some respects equally strong. The point to be noted is schools are put to a great disadvantage in view the universal emphasis put upon the work of the Sunday school, as the training school of the of the preferential treatment given to all grad- church. I was interested also to see how well or- ganized the work seemed to be. The classes uates from the government system. seemed to average between ten and twenty mem- bers, but even so, regardless of the large number The missionary in Korea, as compared with of teachers required, there seemed to be no dearth of teacher material. Hundreds of the teachers, I Japan, occupies a position of predominant in- was told, came from the boys' and girls' schools that the mission has in the city for some ninety fluence, though undoubtedly that is waning rather per cent of the student body in these schools is Christian and most of them are engaged in Sunthan waxing. The Korean Christians are begin- ning to chafe under the missionary's too persistent exercise of control.

One cannot but be impressed by the amazing efficiency of the organization that the missionaries have built up during this first fifty years in the Christian movement in Korea. • I was especially impressed by the strength of the organization built up by the Presbyterians and by the efficiency of the method developed by them.

To see the work of the Northern Presbyterians one needs to go to Pyengyang, the largest Pres- byterian mission station in the world. Here, in a • Condensed from The Japan Christian Quarterly. day school work.

[427 ] Effective Ways of Working j 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~=I================~====~======~ HOME MISSION STUDY the teachings of Christ are sufficient your church, locally and as a denomi- for meeting all the problems of the col- COURSES nation? lective life." 2. List activities and accomplish- The books issued annually for Devotional theme for the Course: the United Mission Study courses ments of your church which are funhave become increasing popular, "There remaineth very much land to damentally home mission and give not only for use in church or com- be possessed." Josh. 13: 1 c. (R. V.). reasons. List agencies in your community schools of missions but munity which illustrate the broader also in group study in Sunday Course Hymn: "America, the Beau- definition. Discuss the relation of the school, discussion sessions of the prayer meeting, as a basis for tiful." local church to these. programs in young people's and The Study Involves: A review of 3. Debate: The Church should conwomen's missionary organizations, and even as source mate- the pioneer home mission enterprise; fine itself to inspiring people to prorial for the pastor's sermons. Coupled with the reading courses an analysis of recent trends in our na- mote such activities as health and recin vogue in nearly all denomina- tional life as affecting and affected by reation centers, settlements, hospitals tions, they have made themselves the Christian Church; an appraisal of and clinics, rather than to engage in felt in church finances. One na- the present home missions program; a them as an organization. tional secretary of missionary consideration of the enterprise "in reeducation said that in her de- lation to the total task of the Church 4. Discuss the relation of the church nomination the relationship be- and to the inclusive purposes of the as an organization toward such evils tween study and financial re- Christian religion as these are under- as bad housing, civic corruption, liquor turns was direct and unquestion- stood and accepted by the Church." able. Whatever division of opin- and narcotics traffic, unwholesome ion there might be on the ques- Aims of the Course: tion of the continuance of for- 1. To review the history of home amusements, etc. eign missions, there surely can missions as a background for ap- 5. Make a study of one large city, be none as to the practical value praisal of the needs and opportunities of the home bookS" this year. indicating in parallel columns causes They have been linked up di- of the present. rectly with social, economic and 2. To consider the extent to which for growth, effect on industry, culture. religious issues of dominant im- distribution of population, etc., and portance. the existing home missions program is ways in which the Church tried to supplying spiritual ministry in Amer- meet new problems. Make a similar Toward a Christian America ican life. study of one rural field. by Hermann N. Morse affords 3. To define and assume our indi- Chapters 5 and 6 aim to discover excellent study or discussion material. Mrs. B. P. Heubner, of vidual Christian responsibilities in the areas in need of evangelization and to Galesburg, Illinois, sends the outline used by her as instructor in enterprise. evaluate the means available to meet the Boulder, Colorado, Summer Chapters 1 and 2 aim to discover the School of Missions. Only a few the needs. high lights can be used in our home mission motive and trace the be- Devotional Theme: "That all may limited space; but those wishing ginnings of the efforts. to secure the full outline may know Him." Rom. 10: 13-15. have it at cost price plus postage, Devotional The me: Yesterday's 15 cents, addressing her at 56 E. Spiritual Frontiers. Rom. 1: 13-25 Assignments: Fremont Street. (R. V.). 1. List methods used by your local The Key Quotation was: Home mis- Special Assignments and Devices: sions must think of the salvation of so- 1. A brief history of your church in 'churches to win men to Christ and conciety as well as of individuals, and that sider their effectiveness. America with attention to extensions in its program. 2. Original dramatization: A local church official board meeting with pas- 2. "The Missions Map Grows"-a tor discussing such questions as:- chalk talk indicating the settlement of How many of the present membership emigrants, approximate dates, indus- of this church are active in its work? tries affected by their coming and cor- How many do not attend services, give responding- missionary expansion. financial support or show interest in its program? Are there unchurched 3. Reading'S or dramatizations from people in the community? How can "We Must March" (Honore Morrow.). they be reached? What is our respon- sibility in their evangelization? In re- 4. "The March of Time," introduc- ing' the characters of Chapter 2. enlisting those on the membership list? 3. A review of your denomination's 5. "Thumb-nail statements" of pres- ent status of pioneer stations reviewed Christian Americanization work. in this session. 4. Story hour period of "human in- Chapters 3 and 4 aim to comprettend terest" narratives from such fields as the broadening scope of the ChurCh's function in American life. this session considers. 5. A thought question: Should the Devotional Themes: Today's Spir- itual Frontiers. Matt. 6: 33. (See Church carryon any activity which is text, p. 56.). The Christian as Inter- not in some way, directly or indirectly, preter. Isa. 40: 3. evangelistic? Chapters 7 and 8 survey the Church's Assignments: ministry of practical service as now 1. How have the forces summarized conducted and consider its relationship on page 52 affected the program of to the extension of a social welfare [428 ] program.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Devotional Theme: Jesus' posses- year was "Looking Upward- York City, marking package "Books sion of "new land" through service. Claiming Spiritual Treasures in for the Philippines," as many commu- Matt. 4: 23. (a) Bible Study; (b) Prayer nities are bookless although the people and Intercession; (c) Devo- love to read. Arrange a shower of Assignments: tional Books." This year's em- books and magazines (and magazine phasis is upon "Reaching Out- subscriptions.) for home mission insti- 1. Compile a list of home mISSIon ward-Seeking Living Treas- tutions. service agencies in your state. Is ure." The climactic note in 1936there duplication with similar govern- 1937 will be "Moving Forward- Set up an inquiry as to recreational mental or public agencies? Sharing Love's Treasures." This advantages, hospital facilities, etc., for year's emphasis is timely in view otHer racial or national groups in your 2. Use electrified map locating serv- of the study topics: "For the community and bring pressure to corice projects in your denomination. As ultimate measure of both our rect any inequalities. each light is flashed on, have a brief work in the homeland and our sketch of that project. Impersonate mission in Latin America must Sponsor a Church School of Misworkers at the various stations, giving be in terms of human lives and sions. information in the first person. human relationships. To a large degree the early exploration and Plan a Pan-American evening with 3. Review or readings from "Nurses colonization of the American an exhibit of pictures and objects illuson Horseback" (Ernest Boole) or continent were motivated by the trating home life, etc., in Latin Amer- "Clever Country" (Carolyn Gardner). search for material treasure. It ican countries and have a program in is the high mission of the Church keeping. 4. "Relay story," given like relay to rediscover America in terms race, of "Quare Women" or "The Glass of her living treasure." Coordinated with these programs is Window" (Lucy Furman). a leaflet packet interpreting each The September to January outlines month's theme by discussions, drama- 5. Exhibit of handicraft stimulated feature "Treasures at Our Door- tizations, stories, book reviews, panel by missions among Indians, Southern Awaiting the Pioneer": "In Rural discussions, conversations, selected Mountain People, West Indians, Mexi- Areas," "In Areas of Attitude and Ac- poems and the like, furnishing good cans and urban centers, its discussion tion" and "In the Paths of Peace." material for any denomination willing creating atmosphere and imparting in- Among the questions for personal to substitute its own specifics. formation about the various peoples. preparation are: Address the Society at Missions Chapters 9 and 10 appraise the prog- Do I, as an individual, enjoy any Building, 222 Downey Ave., Indianress made toward accomplishment of benefits as the result of home mis- apolis, Ind. the ultimate objectives of home mis- sions? What? sions. BULLETIN NUMBER Is my community a friendly place for Devotional Theme: Possessions to- the representatives of the various THREE gether in His Name. Heb. 11: 40 b; races and nations? Joshua 13: 1 c. Those who have used Bulletins How would these groups answer the Number One and Two of the Pro- Assignments: same question? fessional Advisory Section on Missionary Education of the In- 1. Survey of local social welfare A Christian order of society: what ternational Council of Religious agencies from standpoints of coopera- does this involve in regard to church Education (and the secretary retion, duplication or overlooking, and unity, race relations, housing, economic ports a large number of orders adequacy in meeting needs. conditions, etc.? from readers of THE REVIEW) will find the third issue, which 2. List important tasks in your com- What elements in our national life came out in July, of even greater munity which are done cooperatively retard efforts toward world peace? value, since it fits in with the two by churches and which can be consid- study themes for this year and ered as home mission tasks according January to June outlines feature provides excellent auxiliary and to the interpretation in this course, "Treasures Next Door-the Lay of the source material instead of spegiving attention to any tasks at- Land" : "Beyond the Rio Grande," cific methods as heretofore. It tempted competitively. "The Pearl of the Caribbean," "Cos- reports the main addresses given mopolitan Argoentina." "Libertv-Lov- at the February meeting of the 3. Study one cooperative orgoaniza- ing Paraguay" and "Treasures Sought Council and falls under the foltion like the Home Missions Council, and Found." Some of the questions lowing four heads: Federal Council of Churches, Mission- are: ary Education Movement, etc. 1. The address of Dr. T. P. H. What effect do the economic condi- Sailer of the Missionary Educa- 4. In parallel columns list the rela- tions of Puerto Rico have upon the tion Movement, on "The Situative advantages and disadvantages of Church? tion in China" and starts from denominational emphasis in the home this keynote: "The Chinese mission enterprise; of interdenomina- Has our country's attitude in the Church is too frequently giving tional cooperation. conflict between Paragouay and Bolivia its efforts to an imitation of been consistent with the teachings of the conventional forms of the 5. Discuss: If it could be demon- our missions? Church in the West rather than strated that it would be for the g'ood studying and meeting needs. of the cause of Christ in your com- How can the U. S. as a nation pro- Many Christian leaders, Chinese munity if your church were' disbanded mote friendly relations with Latin and foreign, gave testimony to and the members taken into another American peoples? this effect. . . . What should Protestant church, what &r'!'Uments be the Christian policy under for and against the plan would you ad- Some of the projects under "Reach- such circumstances?" The disvance? ing' Outwprd" are: cussion of this theme and also of Mrs. Heubner's complete outline Seek living treasures in your own gives many more assiO'nments and a church and community in a quest for very comprehensive biblioO'r3nhv. Ex- those who will share actively in memcerpts from her course on "Christi3n bership and service. youth in Action," l1S taugoht in July, at Lake Koronis, Minnesota, will ap- Send stories, books of travel, biogpear next month. raphy, handicrafts, the classics, etc., to the Methodist Episcopal Board of For- SEF.'KTN''''- T.TVTNG eign Missions, 150 Fifth Ave., New TREASURE Th~ United Chrh;tlan Mi<1sionary Society is working- lln~er a three-year program on "Treasure Seeking." The keynote last

the situation in Japan is detailed tive outline last year, their sub- -may be used to paste little outand authoritative and throws ject matter being divided into line bottles on whenever mismuch light on the matter of "Re- five- and ten-minute talks: sion stations at definite points Thinking Missions." are mentioned. Contrast with Opportunity. Vast, unchristianized the size of the world the few sta- 2. A panel discussion of home regions of our country considered and tions we maintain. missions participated in by Dr. pressing needs emphasized. Charles H. Heimsath; Dr. W. R. Expressional work may well King, Executive Secretary of the Charity. Large amount used in be the dressing of nurse and doc- Home Missions Council; Dr. J. medical mission work, etc. Brand in- tor dolls or the makiing of scrap- L. Lobinger, Chairman of the dispensable. books for children in hospitals Department of World Fellowship either here or in foreign lands. in the Congregational Education Spirituality. None of better quality. Visiting a real hospital, if one is Society; Miss Anne Seesholtz, Its company endeavors to make brand available, and making sunshine Executive Secretary of the Coun- more popular especially with students. boxes (filled with little toys, letcil of Women for Home Mis- (Deals with religious education, evan- ters, pictures, cards, etc., done sions; Rev. J. S. Stowell, Direc- gelism, etc.) up in separate packages and tor of Publicity of the M. E. marked to be opened at different Board of Home Missions, as well Unity. Increasing demand for this times) for use among crippled or as a number of people in the au- brand. Its lack one of greatest deter- charity patients would be a dience, the report indicating the rents to foreign missionary progress. prime expression. Some patients several contributions by identify- would be allowed to have fruits ing designations. Finer mate- Prosperity. Comparatively modern and candies. Playing games rial on the theme, "What is the brand grown by horticulturists under with the patients in hospitals for future of Home Missions in the direction of Christiani-tea Company. cripples is another activity, the light of the increased emphasis (Agricultural missions.) games being, of course, all of a on social relations"? can scarcely sort to be played sitting still. be found anywhere, and not only Brands of rival companies laymen but pastors and teachers were: Conformity (custom-fol- A suitable program for the inof mission study classes will lowing, as in China); Modernity spirational meeting might be as benefit by reading it carefully. (young China's flair for new follows : ventures); Infidelity (Russian 3. The address by Rev. S. brand in particular). A Chinese Hymn, "Rescue the Perishing," or Franklin Mack of the Presbyte- figure cut out of wall paper was "The Great Physician," followed by rian Board of Foreign Missions used to carry the program, name prayer. on his recent trip taking motion and date of each meeting being pictur€;s in Latin America for inscribed. Devotional lesson on "Jesus heals use in the interdenominational and then the disciples try." study of the current year dis- Crusaders of Compassion cusses at length (a) "The Re- Discussion of Presbyterian (or ligious Sit u a t ion in Latin This program for Juniors may whatever the denomination may be) America," and (b) "Protestant be held out of doors around a hospitals around the world, using map Achievements and Prospects" in camp fire, hence it fits in well as indicated. a fine, appreciative critique. with the present season. Stories of medical missionaries, taken Prayer for the sick, doctors, nurses, 4. A discussion by Dr. and from study books or the pam- native helpers, salvation of souls Mrs~D. C. Baldwin of their work phlet literature of your denom- through this ministry of healing, etc. among college students in Amer- ination may be divided into secica, with a view to throwing light tions and assigned to good talkers Dramatizations of little medical mison the facts as obtained from the in the membership; or if the sion incidents, in costume, may be students themselves, facing and stories seem a bit long, invite made very effective. analyzing the difficulties and sug- some intermediate members to gesting ways of meeting them. tell them. Seat audience around -Adapted from outlines by Miss College pastors and counselors a camp fire and have recreational M. Katherine Harris, in will find this particularly helpful. songs for the warming-up, then "World Comrades." lead into a good hymn before be- The mimeographed fourteen- ginning the program. After the J. Hudson Taylor said that the page report is sold at the cost story-telling, s,ing again, then following are necessary to the price of 25 cents. Address Miss quietly have your Scripture equipment of a missionary: Ruth HeinmiIIer, 2969 West 25th study and close with a prayer St., Cleveland, Ohio. before the social f eat u res. A life yielded to God and controlled Toasted marshmallows make a Christiani-tea Company good climax. Another group by His Spirit. might use the topic, "Bibles and The women of the First Bap- Pill Bottles," the program being A restful trust in God for the supply tist church of Hillsdale, Mich- written on paper cut in the igan, used the following attrac- shape of a pill bottle with pic- of all needs. tures of hospitals, nurses, etc., pasted on duplicate pages tied A sympathetic spirit and a willing- together with the colors of the organization. A good map of the ness to take a lowly place. world – homemade or otherwise Tact in dealing with men and adap- tability to circumstances. .

Zeal in service and steadfastness in discouragement.

Love for communion with God and for the study of His Word.

Some experience and blessing in the Lord's work at home.

A healthy body and a vigorous mind.

~'====~~====='~

BULLETIN OF ; The Council of Women for Home Missions ~=I=============================I~ ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK'

Setting-Up Conference for group their experiences, point- The discussion of the use of ing out the importance of the re- the 1935 vacation church school , Migrant Work lation of the Council staff to the migrants themselves, to the em- text for nursery and kinder- A dream of the Council of ployers and to the local commu- garten school, "Let's Go Out-of- Women for Home Missions be- nities. Thus the group was Doors," was led by Miss Frances came a reality this year when oriented in a measure to the sitabout thirty young men and uation in which they would find M. Hedden, Director of Chilwomen, who were soon to serve themselves. Now they were dren's Work, New Jersey Counin migrant camps in the East, ready for help in building pro- cil of Religious Education. met at Salvedale Camp, Califon, grams for the various aged New Jersey, for the first setting- groups in migrant camps-pro- Then, Miss Jeannette E. Perkins, up conference for migrant work, grams that would really develop member of the Editorial Staff, June 22-26. These were to be physical, mental and spiritual Congregational Publishing Sodays of preparation for Chris- strength. The faculty, all spe- ciety, and head of the Primary tian service among the migrant cialists in various fields, did an people in Delaware, Maryland, outstanding piece of work. They Department, Riverside Church, New Jersey, New York and Con- caught the spirit of enthusiasm New York City, suggested ways necticut through the summer of the group. The first and sec- of using "Exploring God's Outand early fall. These young peo- ond evenings Miss Marguerite ple, graduates and undergrad- Hazzard, head of the Depart- of-Doors," the 1935 vacation u ate s, represented Columbia ment of Church School Music, church school text for primary University, Mt. Holyoke College, School of Sacred Music, Union Sarah Lawrence College, Syra- Theological Seminary, showed children. She also fascinated cuse University, Bennett College, how to teach songs to groups, the group with her lesson in State Teachers Colleges of New taught a number of songs that spatter work and blueprinting. Jersey and New York, Biblical they in turn could teach, and Seminary, New Jersey College suggested many others suitable As the majority of the chilfor Women, Bucknell University, for the various age groups. She dren at the migrant centers dur- Colgate – Rochester D i v i nit y helped the group to see the vital ing the daytime are of nursery, School, Yale Divinity School, part that music can play in the kindergarten and primary ages, Princeton Theological Seminary, program at a migrant center. Northern B apt i s t Seminary, Miss Marie Gaertner, head of Eastern Baptist Seminary, and [431 ] the Nursery School, New Jersey Hartford Seminary Foundation. Interesting also was the wide College for Women, gave the range of denominations repre- young people invaluable help in sented: Northern Baptist, Congregational – Christian, Pro t- methods of handling children of estant Episcopal, Mis sou r i these ages and various types of Synod Lutheran, United Lutheran, Methodist Episcopal, A. M. children-the friendly child, the E. Zion, Presbyterian U. S. A. shy child, the negative child, the and Reformed in America.

Although almost all were meeting for the first time, there seemed to be an unusual spirit of oneness in the group. For four days they worked, played, studied and worshiped together. Five former staff members who had served several summers in migrant centers reviewed for the

over-stimulated child, the fright- Work, led the group as they grower for his investment, risk, worry talked and thought together. and labor." ened child, the imaginary child, There were moments of quiet in the talkative child and the child the group, moments when each Experienced adult pickers are said with an inferiority complex. She one around that camp fire dedi- to make from $1.75 to $2.50 per day. cated himself to the task of mak- To those who say migratory workers illustrated story – telling and ing "more abundant" the lives should have more pay and better livshowed how to make toys and of the migrant people. ing conditions, the grower asks where playground equipment out of the additional money to provide these New Complication in the changes is coming from. He says with things at hand, such as cigar consumers in the cities demanding boxes, planks of wood, nail kegs Migrant Situation cheap food on the one hand, labor de- manding higher pay and better living and spools. The value of group The education, health, low conditions on the other, it is imposactivity with modeling clay was wages and living conditions, sible to satisfy both and stay in busi- have long been problems in the ness. Even today, the farmers say, also demonstrated. migrant situation. The relief the majority of their number are One evening Mrs. Newman, of program has brought a new com- heavily in debt. . . ." plication. To quote from the the Music Department of the New York Times, July 7, 1935: Labor Sunday Message, 1935 E. R. A. of New York City, Recent events in this extensive berry Excerpts from Message of demonstrated singing games and growing area (Hammonton, New Jer- Federal Council of Churches of community singing. At another sey) have focused public attention on Christ in America: session, Mrs. Pauline Rappaport, a situation that for many months has been the subject of much discussion in "But in the midst of our suf- Assistant Recreation Supervisor gatherings of fruit and vegetable fering a glorious truth shines of Bergen County, New Jersey, growers, whose crops are largely har- clear. For the first time in hugave excellent suggestions for vested by seasonal or migratory man history, man has the tech- workers. For many years labor of nical knowledge to solve his ecohandcraft both for little children this kind has been recruited without nomic problem. He can at last and older boys and girls. Prac- difficulty from metropolitan areas, en- provide sufficient material goods tically all of her suggestions tire families moving out into the coun- for an abundant life. Since the try to work as harvest hands as the depression the researches of could be followed out with very various crops matured. scientists and engineers, the findsimple equipment and could be ings of private and governmental Farmers contend that, with the ad- commissions, have been reiteratcompleted within a short space vent of emergency relief, it has be- ing this same basic fact. The of time, an important item with come increasingly difficult to obtain natural resources of the United harvest hands and other temporary States of America and the inchildren. labor. Matters came to a head here dustrial and agricultural equip- last week when, it is asserted, there ment are sufficient to give every While several of the other were not enough pickers available to man, woman and child the mamembers of the faculty touched move a raspberry crop variously esti- terial basis for the good life. Reon recreation, Mrs. Annetta mated to be worth from $300,000 to cent governmental estimates and Humphries, Recreation Super- $500,000. . . . other authoritative studies have indicated that had our plant been visor of Bergen County, New One criticism is that the farmer used to capacity in 1929 over Jersey, was exceedingly helpful underpays this help. This point has $4,000 in goods and services been made with respect to the two and could have been supplied to in showing how to teach games a half cents a pint the grower is pay- every American family. Neverto groups and she also taught ing for picking raspberries. . . . theless, 16,000,000 American families, or nearly two-thirds of games which were suitable for Another criticism the farmer has our people, actually received in the young people at the centers. faced bears on the living conditions on that year less than $2,000. . . . farms for migratory workers. From Health, a vitally important various sources it has been charged "Finally, the churches must that the camp-like environment in ceaselessly proclaim that out of part of the program was covered which the migrant workers live varies the heart are the issues of life. by Mrs. McLaughlin of the State all the way from "inadequate" to True religion must stand always Department of. Health in New "unspeakable." . . . not only against exploitation but against the very desire to ex- Jersey, and Miss Marie Doer- Support of the raspberry growers' ploit. The Christian religion mann, Specialist in Nutrition, contention that they cannot pay more demands now and must always Extension Work in Agriculture than two and a half cents a pint for demand that both human hearts picking was given by Professor J. and human institutions be conand Home Economics in New Harold Clark, small fruits specialist trolled and judged by that mind Jersey. Miss Doermann majored of the State Agricultural Experiment which was in Christ Jesus. . . ." on the planning of menus for Station at Rutgers University. Gross returns to the growers, he pointed out, Suggestions for the observance of lunches that would be tasty as have been six and a half cents a pint Labor Sunday and Bibliography may well as nutritious. Mrs. Mc- this season. Professor Clark said the be secured for five cents, from 105 Laughlin gave excellent sugges- grower would have to charge off one East 22d St., N. Y., N. Y. cent for the berry crate and boxes, tions for the care of babies in one-half cent for fertilizer, one-half the nursery, using a large doll cent for cultivation, hoeing and other for demonstration. growing costs, and another half cent for taxes, interest on investment and The last eve n i n g all met other overhead charges. around the camp fire to talk over the experiences of these days to- "This totals five cents a pint for all costs," Professor Clark said, "leaving gether, what these days of prep- one and a half cents a pint to the aration had meant, and the challenge of the task that each was about to undertake. Miss Laura H. Parker, Chairman of the Council's Committee on Migrant

'~I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~==~~~~~~

~~I_=====()==u=A=r=M=;xr=SiO=nO=ary=r=~d=ew=::V=~=!=~=:=c=ur=r~=mU=E=:=~~=s=o=k======_~~ JAPAN-CHOSEN John R. Mott in Japan than 17,000 members of the Union, which is established in The Far East Situa.tion As a result of Dr. Mott's re- many parts of the Far East. A cent conferences with the young J a pan e s e correspondent at Dr. Wynn C. Fairfield, Secre- Japanese, the following resolu- Tokyo states that Islam is still tary of the American Board, who tions were adopted and referred a long way from having any aprecently visited Asia, reports to the National Committee of the preciable standing in Japan. that, in general, Christian lead- Y. M. C. A. in Japan: Mohammedanism, he says, is ers take the whole Manchurian still classified in Japan among development as a fait accompli 1. Increased efforts to expand the the quasi-religions. unlikely to be reversed, and cer- work of the City Associations to new tainly not as a subject for con- centers, and to train the leaders for -Moslem World. tinued agitation on the part of such expansion. the Christian group. Even an Temperance League outstanding Christian, who care- 2. The adoption of a program that Anniversary fully refrained from defense of will elevate the quality of the present Japan, took the attitude that the student Associations. It is suggested Japan's Temperance League Christians had for years left the that the National Committee place a was 50 years old last April. The Manchurian question to the gov- student secretary in each important 16th National Conference was ernment. There is a general student center, or at least one man in held in Yokohama, where the satisfection with the successful each of the present districts. League was founded. The first negotiations for the transfer of session of the conference was in the Chinese Eastern Railway 3. Increase the number of student charge of the juvenile section of from Russia to Manchukuo. hostels. the League, and this was fol- This will clarify Japanese-Rus- lowed by a lantern procession in sian relations and make for 4. Adopt a program of leadership the evening. The public was peaceful understanding. training for Middle School Associa- surprised at the number of youth tions. enrolled in the movement, and The Christian group, as seen their ability and enthusiasm in in a number of personal inter- 5. A larger measure of cooperation promoting temperance. The views and larger conferences, with the various world-wide Christian N. T. L. is a reform movement seems to expect no further de- movements. of national importance, and with velopments in relation to China. government recognition is pro- Rather, the gaze is turned east- 6. Plan to establish Y. M. C. A.'s moting education for temperance ward, where the shadow of in industrial and rural regions. and purity in every nook and American militarism is pro- corner of Japan and her dejected. 7. Cooperate in the promotion of pendencies. ~mutual understanding among the na- Everywhere there was evi- tions of the world. Rebuilding Village Life dence of determined interest of Japanese, both Christian aI].d S. Study the possibility of pro- In proportion to her area and non-Christian, in better under- moting the Y. M. C. A. in Manchuria. population Japan has one of the standing and peacemaking. Rep- "Christian Leadership" and "Spiritual largest student bodies of any naresentatives of fifteen peace or- Habits" were discussed by Dr. Mott tion in the world. Tokyo alone ganizations met Dr. John R. with a force and persuasiveness that has 300,000 students attending Mott and expressed their strong moved every delegate to a new con- schools of various types and interest in the improvement of sideration of his own resources and grades. Japan has one of the understanding between Japan responsibilities. best organized educational sysand America. A representative tems in the world; her literacy of the Three Religions. Associa- Islam in Japan is 99.7 per cent. It is evident tions, formed in 1924, and in- that evangelism requires trained cluding Shintoists, Buddhists Almost 600 Moslems, includ- leaders. and Christians, quoted a Jap- ing Indians, Tartars, Turks and anese proverb: "If in a hurry, Japanese, have formed a Moslem Today, the Christian movego around." In international Union in Manchuria. The aim ment is reaching out into rural political matters, the way of is to preach the Koran in the Japan. During the past seventy rapid progress is to "go around" Far East, and the center of the years, Christian forces have through religion. -Advance. Union is at Tokyo. Little by concentrated their efforts in little they set up mosques and .schools in Tokyo, Kobe and other cities. The Japanese Govern- ment gave them free land for this purpose and provided teach- ers whose salaries were paid by the Government. In one of the Universities of Japan a special class with free scholarships to Moslem stu den t s has been opened by the Government.

At present, there are more [433 ]

cities and larger towns. Ap- entirely on the Presbyterian trained in Moo.dy Bible Institute, proximately 31,900,000 people Church in Korea and America. Chicago, and the Missionary live in 11,434 rural towns and The need for this Bible school is School of Medicine in Londo.n. villages. This inc Iud e s the great-to train Korean Chris- She Io.cated in Perigi, district of 1,450,000 fishing folk and the tian lay workers as evangelists Landak, built her own dwelling 450,000 miners, who are dis- and Bible teachers. and added a tiny dispensary. persed in these rural communi- She has also made prolonged and ties. Of the towns and villages, Some of the results of the arduous journeys into the far 9,127 lie beyond the range of work are shown in a letter from inland and untouched regions, by Christian influence. The Baptist the late Mrs. W. J. Anderson of means of coolies or bearers, Mission is in the initial stages Seoul: carrying food sup p lie sand of developing two Rural Life shelter. These journeys cover Demonstration Centers: one in Traveling over Korea the mission- new territory each time and last northern, and the other in south- aries frequently meet Pierson Bible as long as four weeks. Only the ern Japan. These projects aim School graduates who are doing effec- merest fringe of the territory at rebuilding the total life of the tive work. Mr. Oh, a blind student has been touched. village – agricultural, economic, had a class of twenty or thirty who social, moral and religious-on a met regularly at the Sung Dong The Scripture Gift Mission Christian basis and according to Church. The Koreans are great peo- sponsors this work and hopes to Christian principles. ple to follow the sun rather than the send another woman missionary clock, and on a dark, cloudy morning to join Miss van 't Eind. – Watchman-Examiner. service is very apt to be a half hour late in beginning; but these blind Suicide Among Dyaks Methodist Student Conference young men seem to have better sense of time than those with eyes, and they Unlike the Japanese who think The first All-Japan Methodist are always on time. After their Bible it co.urageous to take one's own Student Conference was held in study in one of the classrooms, they life, the Dyaks of Borneo think Tokyo during the summer, with come in to the church service. Mr. Oh it cowardly and shameful. The 60 delegates in attendance. married a widow with one little girl, following incident is to.ld in The a darling bright-eyed child dearly Pioneer: A committee was appointed to loved by all the blind boys. Her habit cooperate with the adult com- was to lead them into their places Some excited Dyaks summoned me mittees of the denomination in Sunday morning, always with a ra- to their long house and upon entering studying the needs, and ways of diant smile. I saw a strange sight. A Dyak woman meeting the needs, of students sat bolt upright against the wall. Her in Japan today, and particularly Rev. W. J. Anderson, of Seoul, eyes were closed, her head was tied to prepare for a larger and if is the new administrator of the against a board, her feet were tied possible an interdenominational Pierson Memorial Work. together, her hands were clasped bestudent conference in the near fore her. The woman was dead – a future. The significance of this Hospital Replaced suicide. I learned that because of first denominational national grief over the death of her husband student conference in this land Despite the destruction by fire and child she had drunk of the pulp lies in the fact that it testifies of the Southern Presbyterian of the tuba root, which brought her to the awakening of Japanese hospitals at K wan g j u and to a speedy end. churches to their responsibility Chunju, the medical work of the to students and youth; and indi- mission has had a most encour- I heard other Dyaks enter, then the cates that the churches as such aging year. At Kwangju a new sound of loud slapping and angry must hereafter be reckoned with building has already replaced the voices; the relatives of the suicide as important factors in the stu- old one, and the record for hos- stood over her corpse and beat it undent Christian movement in the pital operations was greater mercifully, accompanied with loud de- Japanese empire. than the total number during the nunciation of her action, inasmuch as previous two and one-half years. it was a disgrace to all her relatives. -The Christian Century. In cramped, temporary quarters, 137 operations were performed. Usually the Dyaks bury their dead Pierson Memorial Bible School in rough boxes made from trees. To There has been a marked in- sh6w their contempt in this case, they Owing to changed conditions crease in the members enrolled merely tied three boards together, in the church and missions in in mission schools. During the which served as a stretcher. The men Korea, the Methodist Missions year 1,451 communicants have hurried off with their sorry burden, (North and South) have with- been added, while 2,736 have off to a lonely grave apart from the drawn from the work of the been added to the catechumen others. There was no ceremony, no Pierson Memorial Bible School roll. The list of communicants lamenting, nothing but loud scolding. in Seoul and that institution is now stands at 13,318 in a Chrisnow entirely under the control tian constituency of 42,000. In the Dutch East Indies of the Presbyterians. This will • -Christian Observer. siUlPlify the problems of man- .In this area there are a comagement and teaching while it ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC paratively small number of well places the financial responsibility developed Reformed churches bf Untouched Areas a strict Calvinistic type and a few smaller groups, such as the About two years ago a new Adventists, with adherents prin- area was opened to the Gospel by cipally in humbler circles. By Miss Greet van 't Eind who was far the greatest number o.f the Christians belong to. the General

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Protestant Church. The old that he wanted to be christened largest Protestant denomination, East India Company had in its as soon as he was strong enough with 10,027,929 members. The time introduced the Reformed to walk to the church. Weare Methodists were second, with Church which was the prevalent especially rejoicing because this 8,976,492. The largest religious one at home in the Netherlands. man is influential in his commu- body in the country was still the The Company considered it to be nity." Roman Catholic Church, with its duty to foster not only the 20,398,509 communicants. matters of commerce and juris- The Year in the Philippines diction, but also those of religion. Contributions made by church It founded the first congregation The United Evangelical Church members for all purposes in in 1621 in Batavia. About the of the Philippines continues to 1934 amounted to $299,416,781, same time a Lutheran congrega- grow. Its slogan now is, "Uni- or $12.07 per capita. tion was organized. In the fication of all activities." The middle of the 19th century the organization of a National Chris- Church Effort for Children King of Holland succeeded in tian Endeavor Union and of sevuniting the Reformed and the eral district unions marks this The United Presbyterian Gen- Lutherans in one denomination. as a year of real progress for eral Assembly of 1935 appointed This church has done much good Christian Endeavor. One society a special committee to promote a in the course of three hundred has taken as its special project serious effort to reach all chilyears. The Dutch government the transportation expense of an dren in America with the Chrishas always fostered tbese church earnest Christian who goes each tian message. In Sterling Colinterests in the warmest manner, Sunday afternoon to the near-by lege, Kansas, thirty-four of the even in the case of occurring leprosarium and conducts a Sun- best students signed the followvacancies. In such times the day school for some of the 150 ing: government assumed the care lepers there. There were 9,429 for the vacant congregations, children enrolled in the 247 daily DECLARATION OF PURPOSE their church buildings and had vacation Bible schools in the even the cemeteries kept in area served by Presbyterian mis- It is my prayerful purpose to lead proper condition by prisoners. sionaries. In one congregation, at least 10 boys or girls into real 18 of the children so enrolled trust in Christ as Friend and Saviour Medicine Man Becomes united with the church. One through being a Leader of one or Christian section reports that accessions more Boys or Girls Clubs which I hope to organize. It is also my purpose to Dr. Hawkins K. Jenkins, of this year were 93 % more than help in all possible ways to extend the Saguda, P. I., writes of a signal knowledge and experience of Christ victory over native medicine the average for the seven years to all Children and Youth in America. men. preceding. There are 400 church-con- "One of them became seriously -Women and Missions. nected colleges in the United ill himself, and immediately be- States. If 34 students in each gan to offer sacrifices to evil NORTH AMERICA formed a similar resolution this spirits. He was a sincere be- would mean 13,600 volunteer liever in the teachings which he Churches Gain Over One leaders of boys and girls. had helped for years to pass on Million Members to those younger than he, so he Coverdale Bible Anniversary was quite puzzled when he found George Linn Kieffer, statistithat he derived no benefit from cian of the National Lutheran Over the signature of Robert the sacrifices. When it was Council and head of the Amer- E. Speer, John H. Finley, Wilquite evident that he would soon ican Association of Religious liam Allen White and Martha die unless something more effec- Statisticians, reports that church Berry, announcement was made tive could be done for him, he membership is increasing in the in July of the formation of a naasked to be brought to the hos- United States, and that the gain tional committee to sponsor a pital. There we found that he last year was the greatest since nation-wide commemoration of had a very large abscess of the 1930. the four hundredth anniversary liver, and advised that he be of the first printed English Bible. operated upon immediately. To There were 207 religious Dr. Finley, speaking for the comour great surprise he consented, bodies in the United States in mittee, stated, "On October 4, and now th!>t he is well again he 1934, with a total adult member- 1535, the first printed English is one of the most ardent sup- ship of 62,035,688. These bodies Bible, a translation by Myles porters of the hospital. Shortly added 1,222,064 members. The Coverdale, was issued from the before leaving the hospital he Methodist Episcopal Church, press. During the four centuries told me that he wanted to be- with an increase of 210,475, since that date, it has not only come a member of the Church, headed the list of Protestant de- surpassed in circulation any that he was no longer satisfied nominations. The B apt i s t other book in the world, but has with worshiping evil spirits and Church, which had previously profoundly influenced the lives been first, came second with a of peoples and the ideals of gov- gain of 161,720. The Lutherans ernments. Regional, state, city were third with 101,118. The and church committees through- Baptists continued to be the out the country will arrange suitable programs."

New Bible Society dren carrying heavy burdens of great need of new departments Headquarters pain, suffering, hunger, adnidsesaosre~ of research and medicine. The debt, ignorance, terror, Scudder family has given 400 The American Bible Society years of medical service through has purchased a six-story build- row. medical missionaries in India. ing at 450 Park Avenue, New York, as its general office, li- Rev. James Myers, in his ad- At another "Round Top" sesbrary and salesroom for Scrip- sion Mrs. Peabody spoke of the ture'S. The new location in a dress, said that "missionaries danger of war between Italy and fireproof building will not only Ethiopia, and said that the safeguard the Society's records have ~v.er been the shock troops Treaty of Bethlehem rather than and library containing Scrip- the Treaty of Versailles is the tures in 639 languages and dia- of relIgIOn. They are Christians only hope of peace, as the only lects but will enable it also to successful internationalism is make exhibits and displays of its unafraid, and know how to face that under the leadership of the rare manuscripts and editions Prince of Peace. which for many years have been loneliness, misunderstanding left for safekeeping with the Hungarian Church Celebrates New York Public Library. The persecution, danger, martyrdom' Society hopes to occupy the new The First Magyar Reformed building in the fall, so that it and death in the supreme loyalty Church under the shadow of may be used in connection with Cornell Medical Center in New the celebration of the Four Hun- to Christ. As the church turns York City, is celebrating three dred Years of the Printed Eng- anniversaries this year. The lish Bible from October to De- now with missionary zeal and work was begun 80 years ago cember. when Kossuth visited the United courage and sacrifice to the high States. Forty years ago the members of this church formed adventure of the abolition of war, we may look forward with renewed assurance to the final victory of peace and goodwill among men."

The 2000 people in the parade pledged themselves as follows: "Because I cannot reconcile the Way of Christ with the practice of war, I pledge myself before God to work for the abolition of war as a method of settling international dis- A Demonstration Against War putes and to insist upon the use by a permanent organization, and 20 years ago the new building A dramatic demonstration all governments of the machinery of was erected. against war was impressively peace to maintain international jus- tice and goodwill."

presented by the Northfield Mis- Women's Conference at Manhattan's Abyssinian Northfield Church sionary conference on July 11th. A special Women's Confer- The Abyssinian (Negro) The Peace Parade was hailed as ence was successfully arranged Church in Harlem, New York, this year in connection with the added 771 members last year "an omen of profound signifi- General Conference (July 27- giving the church an enrolled August 12). Mrs. William R. membership of 12,808. The cance in the religious crusade for Moody was chairman, with Mrs. church raised from all sources Henry W. Peabody cooperating, $33,120.76; $8,584.62 of this a warless world." and nearly 300 women regis- amount went to benevolences. tered for the morning sessions. The church ended its fiscal year The Parade for Peace started The general topic was "The Bi- with a surplus of $1,160. ble Our Message: Everyone a at Round Top, the grave of Messenger." This church has a staff of twenty-nine paid workers, in- Dwight L. Moody, pas sed Speakers inc Iud e d Mrs. cluding t'WJ missionaries in Li- Moody, Mrs. Peabody and Mrs. beria, Africa. It gave last year through the village of East Delavan L. Pierson, who has re- $900 toward the support of the cently visted New Guinea, India, Chair of Religious Education at Northfield and back to the camp- and other fields; Mrs. John F. Virginia Union University. It Williamson, of the Westminster owns a home for its aged memus. The Cross was borne in the Choir School; Miss Gnanadi- bers at 732 St. Nicholas Avenue, kam, M.A., of the Madras Wom,.. Manhattan, and all its properties front followed by the massed col- are free of debt. The pastor for an's Christian College, India. 27 years, Rev. A. Clayton ors of the Church, the flags of On August 4, meeting was de- Powell, celebrated his 70th birth- voted to the medical work of Dr. day anniversary May 5 and dothe nations, missionaries from Ida Scudder of Vellore, India, nated $1,000 to the Home for the who has spent thirty-five years Aged which is named after him. many lands, many nationals in in South India and has opened a native costume, students, nurses, delegations from churches with- in a radius of fifty miles and the 600 members of the Missionary Conference. Salvation Army bands furnished the music.

The most striking float de- picted Flanders Field with rows of crosses, each one bearing a silver dollar sign and the Dsolollgaarn~ "Munition Makers Reap -Others Reap Death." The bowed figure of a "gold star mother" in heavy mourning sat Christian medical college that in the foreground. The final has sent out nearly 200 graduate The First American Foreign float, with the slogan, "Genera- Indian women doctors, all of Missionary tions of Children Bear the Bur- them Christian. An endowment Susan Elizabeth Kaske, wife of dens of War" showed the chil~ is being sought and there is George Kaske, was the first na-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

tive-born Protestant missionary Mohammedan Association (that strength of the institution. to go out from America to a for- is, Russian Tatar Moslems) in Starting with six members in eign land. The Moravian Church Brooklyn, a three-story wooden 1830 there are now over 700,000. of Bethlehem, Pa., founded in building; and the only Moslem With its branches and missions 1741, sent her with her husband newspaper is El Bayan, pub- it records nearly 2,000 church in 1746 to South America where lished in New York City, with a organizations. There are seven they served in British and Dutch circulation of 2,000. temples where the inner rites Guiana. Susan E. Funk was are performed. The church uses born November 18, 1721, in Ger- Leaders strive to present a the radio, printed page and the mantown and moved to Bethle- new and more or less enlightened rostrum as channels for its meshem in 1843. On May 12, 1746, Islam, keeping in the back- sage. There is a system of relishe married George Kaske, and ground aspects at variance with gious education second to none, they went to work among the modern ideas, e. g., the position starting with the Sunday school, Indians of South· America in of women. The number of con- continuing through the seminary Berbice, Demarara. They la- verts must be less than 10,000; for week-day religious instrucbored there until 1763 and Mrs. it is not to be expected that tion ; and cuI min a tin g in Kaske died in Bethlehem, Pa., on Islam can be more successful Brigham Young University. July 28, 1804. here than in Europe. -Presbyterian Banner. Recently on June 2, 1935, the -G. H. Bousquet, in "The Women's Missionary Society of Moslem World." LATIN AMERICA the Bethlehem church celebrated its 117th anniversary. Ozark Mountain Children Work for Puerto Ricans Taught Bible Moody Institute Lectures A united evangelistic cam- Hugh B. Reid, of Carthage, paign has been carried on in A new venture is to be Mo., writes that through the co- Puerto Rico in a very unique launched by the Moody Bible In- operation of rural public school way this year by the churches of stitute of Chicago, September 5, teachers he is reaching more five cooperating denominations. according to the President, Rev. than 11,000 children of south- These services, extending over Will H. Houghton, D.D. The western Missouri with a Chris- several weeks, p r act i c a II y plan involves the visit of a num- tian program. About 5,000 of brought the presence of Christ to ber of Bible teachers and church- these receive no other Christian the entire area where Protestant men of unusual prominence, each training. Mr. Reid reports that churches are located. The final serving a one-month lectureship. results' of this campaign have They will be especially stim- 585 families were called upon. not been tabulated, but Dr. Arulating and informing to pas- 460 pieces of clothing were given chilla reports that the number of tors, evanglists and other Chris- accessions should reach at least tian workers who aspire to a to the needy. a thousand. greater mastery of the art of 81 toys were given at Christmas. expository preaching. Among 470 addresses were made. The Puerto Rican church, althem are the following: Dr. Wil- 63,000 pages of reading material were ways aggressively evangelistic liam Evans, expositor, author and missionary, was responsible and lecturer on Bible themes; given away. a number of years ago for the Dr. B. B. Sutcliffe, Bible class 634 books, and more than 1,300 opening of work in the Dominiteacher; Dr. Harry A. Ironside, can Republic. The Presbyterian a clarion voice in the field of ex- Bibles, Testaments and Gos- mission is now proposing to position, pastor of the Moody pels were distributed. carry the gospel in Spanish to Memorial Church, Chicago; and 48 were added to Cradle Rolls, and the Puerto Ricans who have col- Dr. Wilbur M. Smith, editor of 92 to Young People's So- onized in the Virgin Islands if Peloubet's Notes. cieties. finances permit. Representa- 6 new schools, with an enrolment tives of the presbytery have vis- Islam in America of 216 were added. ited the island of Santa Cruz, 48 conversions resulted from 5 re- have preached there and discov- It is impossible. to know the vival meetings; and 30 from ered that there are 150 members exact number of Moslems in the 27 Vacation Bible Schools in of the church in the colony of United States; perhaps 25,000 which over 900 were enrolled. several thousand. is a fair estimate. The largest 169 took a leadership t r a i n i n g center is probably Detroit, with course. Baptist Work in Puerto Rico 10,000. There are about 2,000 10,700 Bible verses were memorized in Pittsburgh, 3,000 in Cleve- by school children. The Watchman-Examiner reland, 5,000 in greater New York, 8 institutes were held. ports advance on all fronts in 2,000 in Massachusetts, 500-600 7 teachers' conventions and Puer·to Rico. There were more in Rhode Island. The only real 145 rural public schools were vis- baptisms than for several years. mosque which exists today in ited. The Sunday school attendance is America is that of the Anglo- the largest in the history of the Mormonism work. Offerings have moved To most Americans Mormon- ism is a curiosity. "But," says Dr. W. M. Paden, "it is more than that. It is the largest, wealthiest, best located, best or- ganized, most aggressive of all the false religions of America." Not everyone is aware of the

upward and church membership The balance of their sustenance mander of Jutiapa was an enemy continues to increase. they make up by tenant farming of the gospel and when Don Jose and odd jobs. The Campaign began to offer Scriptures for During the year representa- shares in the expenses of fur- sale… the commandant took him tives of the various denomina- nishing free rent and firewood to jail, struck him twice on the tions working in the island made for the transients, and thus se- head, pulled his hair, and said, a tour, covering the greater part cures the opportunity of making "What do you mean by preachof the work of all denomina- suggestions as to sanitation and ing without my permission?" tions; this was followed by four of asking for reports on the Don Jose replied that the law days of conference – review of number and nature of the con- gave him perfect liberty to the past, evaluation of the pres- tacts made at each lodge. Cam- preach. "Oh," said the coment and plans for the future. paign evangelists make regular mandant, "you know more than visits to the lodges to help the I do." "No," responded Don Cuban Pastors' Conference lodge keepers make our Lord Jose, "you know that as well as known to the travelers, and then 1." The commandant hunted for Last winter Cuban pastors follow up prospects in their the jail keys. Don Jose told him called a meeting of representa- homes. Well located lodges are he would not run away, but the tives from every church organ- operating in s eve r a I places. keys were found and the doors ization throughout the entire Re- Since its opening in March the locked, and five guards placed in public to form an association of San Pedro house has been the charge! The faithful worker evangelical ministers and work- means of reaching 171 Indians sang hymns and read his Bible. ers for the purpose of promoting with the Word of God in direct In the morning he was released cooperation am 0 n g religious personal evangelization. and ordered not to preach, but to groups. Foreign missionaries leave town. Don Jose made no were invited to attend, but it was A Steadfast Indian promises, but went out and sent in every sense a distinctly Cuban a telegram to the President of movement. Plans are made to Work among the Cakchiquel the Republic, asking if he had a put this into effect throughout Indians of Guatemala was men- right to preach the gospel. The the six provinces of Cuba dur- tioned in the REVIEW some time reply came quickly and read as ing the next year. ago. About 100 preaching cen- follows: "You have liberty to ters are now estaollshed, and a preach the gospel as long as -Presbyterian Banner. Bible school has trained 25 grad- peace is not disturbed." uates. The quality of the con- "Over Night Lodge" verts is apparent in the story of Eventually,arrangements were Don Macario, evangelist. Some made for public meetings; at the The Guatemala News indicates years ago a man knocked at his first, twelve persons accepted the possibilities in a work called door about midnight. When Christ. "Flop Houses for Indian Tran- Macario opened the door he was sients." Migrant groups of In- struck with a machete which al- -Moody Institute Monthly. dian laborers and their families most severed a cheek bone from huddle around their little camp his face. He was taken to the White Ribbon Mission Work fires at night along the road- hospital at Antigua and after a sides, or in the public squares of few months returned home, Missionaries find that the the towns. The dirt floors of the healed but with disfigured face. Woman's Christian Temperance open thatch roofed sheds along He began preaching in his home Union is the right hand of the the highways are often very and a mob of several hundred church in many foreign lands. damp and always vermin in- tore down the house. But he has fested. .Even in the towns the the Indian persistency. The In Japan alone there are ten corridors of the public buildings house was rebuilt, and eventually thousand women members of where the Indians sleep on the the town ceased opposition to this brganization, and thousands brick paving are exposed to the him and his preaching. About of young people and children in fury of the elements and afford 125 worshipers assemble at his the various branches. Twenty little in the way of shelter. Ex- home every Sunday. thousand men are united in the haustion may induce a few hours masculine Temperance League, of disturbed slumber despite the -So S. Times. largely as the result of the efnight life of bugs, rodents, dogs; forts of the W. C. T. U. As a but between two and four o'clock Open Door in EI Salvador result of their activity, a law was in the morning the cold becomes passed in Japan a number of so pentrating that the migrants For some time special prayer years ago forbidding minors to are glad to be up and going. had been offered for Cabanas, smoke or drink. There are three with its population of over temperance periodicals-one for Christian evangelists have in- 66,000. men, one for women, and one for stituted the over-night lodge children. Besides the direct war which has become largely self- About a year ago a colporteur, against alcohol, tobacco and supporting. A Christian family Don Jose Escamill,a, made a drugs, members have attacked in charge does a simple lunch passing visit to Jutiapa, a town the social evil most vigorously, counter business which provides of over 3,500. The military com- have established rescue homes, for a part of their own table.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

two women's homes, hostels for and conditions in these homes has also a much improved rev- have shown improvement almost enue. On the other hand the factory girls, a sailors' resort, immediately. Methodist Society shows a deand a social centre, all of which ficiency of £ 5 8 , 0 0 0, but its is testimony to the fact that -Flora E. Strout, Rio de friends believe it is only a tem- Christians realize that social Janeiro. porary deficit. evils are among the greatest hindrances to the progress of the EUROPE Calvin Anniversary Gospel in Japan. Youth's Mission to Youth The summer of 1936 will wit- In Singapore, the W. C. T. U. ness a great pilgrimage to established child welfare work, The twenty-fourth anniver- France by American Presbyand in the exhibitions temper- sary of the National Young Life terians, Scottish Calvinists and ance always has a prominent Campaign of Great Britain members of Reformed Churches place. Colombo, Ceylon, has a brought out the fact that this in all parts of the world to comcounter-attraction to the saloons movement is definitely passing memorate the 400th anniversary in a large working man's resort, from the experimental stage, and of John Calvin's "Institutes of where three hundred men gather is becoming a strong evangeliz- Religion." It was in August, each day for the classes, lectures, ing agency. During the years 1535, that Calvin, then only 26 games and delicious refresh- since the War the N. Y. L. C. has years old, dedicated to King ments. In India, Egypt, Pales- developed in various ways, such Francis I, of France, his vigtine, in every place where the as the additions to headquarters orous exposition of the Christian Gospel is preached, the W. C. staff, voluntary evangelists, the faith. From March 15 to April T. U. assists in conquering the missIonary service and training 15 the French National Library social enemies of men, women fund for helping young people will feature a Calvin exhibition and children. to enter missionary service. of manuscripts, books and other Churches are according in- documents. There will be Cal- In 1894, the W. C. T. U. was creased recognition of the value vin memorial celebrations in born in Brazil. In 1925, it was of its service. other cities than Paris, notably reorganized under the name of Noyon, his birthplace, and Ge- UnHlo Brasileira Pr6-Temper- The number of actual cam- neva, Switzerland, where he anc;a with some of the most intel- paigns in the past year num- spent most of his life. ligent women in Rio de Janeiro bered fifty-seven, beside those on the national committee. It carried out by teams from the -Missions. influences all sorts and condi- London School of Evangelism tions of men even. For the last and a Liverpool team of young Russia Rediscovers Values three years during the carnival men doing similar work in their spare time. The income for the That a new Russia is emerging season, Government has not per- year showed an increase of £500. from the Soviet chrysalis apmitted anything stronger than The most encouraging feature is pears to some observers. Signs beer to be sold to the people on the increasing zeal for evangel- are multiplying that she is trekthe street and only allowed wine ism of the members themselves. king back to the safe and sane and champagne to be served There are now more than 300 principle that the family is the with food in the clubs. This who have entered either the min- corner stone of civilized society, year gambling was added to the istry or the foreign mission field and one of these signs is the prohibitions. since the War. fact that "Romeo and Juliet" may now be played in Moscow During temperance wee k, Increased Mission Funds theaters. Says the Boston Tranthere are talks over the radio, script: "People won't play at bemoving pictures on scientific For the most part the leading ing robots forever. They've got temperance, essay and oratorical missionary organizations 0 f to have music and novels and contests. The barracks are not Great Britain show increased in- plays and fairy tales and relionly open to talks at this time, come for the past year. The gion. The rulers of the Soviet but their own doctors give the London Missionary Society re- are, little by little, retreating soldiers and police accurate in- cords an increase of £6,324 in from their earlier position; they formation in periodical lectures. contributions during the past fi- are beginning to recognize that nancial year-the first increase man cannot live by bread alone." The schools are always open to after seven years, during which temperance propaganda, and the the income has been going down. Crowded churches last Easter, pupils become temperance mes- The bulk of the increase is from without consequent molestation sengers to their homes. So in- personal donations, but contri- on the part of government, seems formation grows and the results butions from the churches have to show that hostility to religion are little short of miraculous. increased as well. Baptists re- is weakening. Children who had port a £5,000 increase. The lately been rewarded for betray- In a very poor district, where C. M. S., which keeps its total ing their parents to authorities much of the poverty is caused by cash receipts together, has an must now be taught to honor drink, the children have carried increase of £51,654. The S. P. G. their fathers and mothers. information concerning the evils of alcohol with the result that cachac;a (national whiskey) has been banished in some instances

AFRICA fore next meeting of the confer- out how the cinema can best be ence three years hence, to evan- used as an instrument of adult Moslems Copy Christians gelize effectively the whole of education and recreation adapt- the large areas in their care; so ed to the needs and mental equip- Mohammedans are seeking to that it could be reported that ment of the African. African emulate Christianity in doing for every village and hamlet, even Missions have much to gain by the blind similar work to that every isolated farm or com- the success of this project, which being done in Egypt by medical pound, in these areas had re- should furnish them with a new missionaries. A note in Al Ah- ceived the Gospel. The growth instrument to use in their work. ram reads: "Students of the of opposing forces was the im- Specialists' Department of the pelling motive. South Africa Sunday-School Higher Training College at Shu- Association bra have formed a society for The question of one African combating blindness and in- Church for Nigeria has faced the Wayside Sunday schools are structing the blind. They ap- Conference for some years, and a prominent part of the work peal for the blind to be sent to it was agreed that the most carried on by the South African them." helpful course to follow in the National Sunday-School Associa- meantime would be to develop tion. In Port Elizabeth there Visit to Algeria among the Christians the con- are now thirteen such schools sciousness of unity that already with an enrolment of 7,000 chil- Rev. W. L. McClenahan, of exists, and to that end it was de- dren each Sunday, and in Cape- Egypt, writes of a visit in Al- cided to hold spiritual life con- town there are five with an avergeria, covering about 1,200 ferences, and to publish a Chris- age attendance of 400. One waymiles with a view to assisting in tian periodical in Hausa, which side Sunday school in Port Elizathe work of evangelization, to would give accounts of work and beth has gone so far as to hold a gain further knowledge as to the blessing all over the field, thus service every Sunday afternoon needs along that line so as to promoting the sense of oneness for Indian women, another conhelp in prayer those already on in Christ Jesus. ducts a wayside Sunday school the field; also to furthering in- on Saturday afternoon which has terest on the part of those who Twenty-seven delegates from an attendance of sixty or seventy might themselves go out and give six societies were in attendance. white children. Noon day lunch a hand in the work. meetings of Sunday school teach- -The Christian. ers is another feature of the As- "One thing that attracted our sociation's work. attention," says Dr. McClena- Motion Pictures for the Bantu han, "was the simplicity of the -The Presbyterian. methods used by missionaries in The International Missionary their work. The contacts they Council's department of Social F have with the people are ob- and Industrial Research has just tained through open-air markets, embarked upon an experiment to WESTERN ASIA visits in the homes, classes for provide good cinema films for women and children, and in a Africa, with the help of a grant Sabbath Observance in few places 'homes' for children from the Carnegie Corporation Tel-Aviv and hostels for lads. In no case of New York. I believe have they entered to Tel-Aviv in Palestine is the any large extent into the field The first step will be the pro- only one hundred per cent Jewof education and medicine. Be- duction of films performed by ish city in the world. Sharp difing in a section of 'the land of native actors, the subjects of ference of opinion and practice the Vanished Church' the mis- which will relate to life and with regard to the religious obsionaries there are in a some- scenes familiar to the African. servance of the Sabbath apparwhat different position from that Some will deal with such prac- ently exists among the Jews of those in most Arabic-speaking tical subjects as improved meth- there, for recently riots took countries, where there are an- ods of poultry keeping, cattle place in the course of which, accient Christian communities, and raising, etc.; others will relate cording to the Jewish Daily Bulare thus able to work along to culture and a few will be pure letin, several persons were insimple, New Testament lines in comedy. The films will be shown jured. Orthodox Jews, it seems, the planting of churches." to selected Bantu audiences to paraded the streets on the Sab- discover the appeal made by dif- bath, and began to break the -A Thirsty Land. ferent types of pictures, and windows of all Jewish shops will be accompanied by a talkie which were open. They inter- Far-Reaching Decision commentary produced by syn- cepted taxis containing Jewish chronised gramophone records. passengers with the result that At the triennial Conference of street fights broke out requiring Missions in Northern Nigeria, The fullest possible coopera- the intervention of the British held recently at Miango, a reso- tion of the missions and govern- police authorities. In commentlution was adopted, urging that ment departments (Native Af- ing on this disturbance Jewish all the societies in the northern fairs, Education, Health, Agri- writers point out that on the Provinces should endeavor, be- culture, Veterinary) is being whole Jewish youth in Palestine sought in this enterprise to find

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

is antireligious. The orthodox established Evangelical Church of Bible Motor Caravan Jews are particularly indignant Iran. over the fact that Jewish youth The British and Foreign Bible in Palestine carryon sport ac- The Assembly rejoices to welcome Society has des i g ned and tivities openly on the Sabbath. to the fellowship of the Evangelical equipped a motor caravan which Church throughout the world, this new is to tour India, and possibly 'I'he Plight of the Assyrians church of Iran so largely the product Ceylon, selling Scriptures and of the work of the missionaries of the generally forwarding the work The Assyrians of Iraq (Meso- Board of Foreign Missions of this As- of the Society. The van carries potamia) are Christians – un- sembly . . . and assures the Church a large stock of Scriptures, seleceducated it is true, but profess- of its affection and prayers, and trusts tions of which are attractively ing to be followers of Christ in that by God's blessing the most glori- displayed behind glass panels in spite of persecution. Groups of ous days of Christianity in past cen- the side. There is s'eating ac- Assyrian Christians have fled to turies may be surpassed by the service commodation for f 0 u r passouthern France, Syria, Iraq and and faith of this new Church in Iran. sengers, in addition to the driver, elsewhere and most of them are and a sleeping berth for use living in dire poverty. The On August 19, 1934, was held when necessary. It is also European office for International the first meeting of the United equipped with a gramophone, Church Aid – in Geneva – is Evangelical Church of Iran. and a magic lantern for showing seeking to help these groups. The moderator of the Church, as slides on the Life of Christ and Some camps have been provided he took the chair, called upon the the work of the Bible Society. for Assyrian widows and or- delegates to keep clearly in mind Later it is hoped to include a phans in Iraq but in the villages that the one purpose of the meet- portable cinema outfit. Two or north and south of Mosul, 35,000 ing was the advancement of the three months will be spent in are living in misery. Few lands Church of Christ in Persia. each main language area workare willing to receive them. The ing in close cooperation with Universal Christian Council has On August 23d, the date of the local missions and churches. been trying to find a new home closing, a communion service The initial tour began in the for these people – in British was held, exactly 100 years to Madras Presidency in January Guiana-but there the climate is the day, since Rev. Justin Per- of this year, and during the two unsuitable. Western Christians kins arrived in Tabriz under the and a half months spent in the should not rest until this prob- appointment of the American Tamil country over 10,000 Scriplem is solved. Board of Commissioners for ture portions were sold. Foreign Missions. The service, PROF. ADOLPH KELLER. therefore, was a fitting close of -Dnyanodaya. the century. The sacrament To Beautify Holy Ci.ty was administered by one or- The Literacy Problem dained missionary and one or- Announcement is made of a dained national. The past and India's illiteracy problem is "five-year plan" to make Jeru- the future were thus joined. colossal, nearly 92 per cent of salem as beautiful as in the days her people being unable to read of the ancient Hebrew kings. INDIA or write. During the last ten The municipality of Jerusalem years the rate of increase in lithas obtained a half-million dol- Boycott of Hindu Gods eracy in India is one per cent. lar loan to aid in launching a Taking into consideration the program of civic improvements. At a Harijan Conference last rate of natural increase of the The funds are to be used in pro- population also, one is not sure viding a park system and for the April, a delegate, in moving a whether the net result of progimprovement of sanitary condi- ress in literacy is not in fact tions in the city. resolution to the effect that the progress backward. Even at the present rate of one per cent in- Evangelical Church of Iran Harijans of Hyderabad State crease in ten years, it would take 920 years before illiteracy can The Presbyterian General As- should strive their utmost to be removed from India. Only a sembly took the following action very small percentage of public at its meeting in Cincinnati in eradicate untouchability from revenue is available for mass May: education. Hinduism, declared that there The General Assembly has learned -Christian Century. with joy of the establishment of The was "a ID;'eaningless superstition Evangelical Church of Iran with its Poona's Colleges independent Synod and three presby- among Hindus that if an unteries, and has been happy at this ses- Poona has the reputation of sion of the Assembly to approve the touchable entered a temple, the having more colleges than any transfer of the Presbytery of Eastern other city of its size in the Persia, heretofore connected with the god in the temple would be pol- world. Its, population in 1931 Synod of New York and with the Gen- was 250,000. What has been eral Assembly of the Presbyterian luted, and he advised them to Church in the U. S. A. to the newly boycott such gods as were pol- luted by their touch."

The Conference also exhorted Harijans to eradicate drink and other evil customs. It was re- called that the Nizam's Govern- ment had already ordered the prosecution of those who offered girls as devadasis to goddesses, and that they should help the Government by reporting such cases. ' -Dnyanodaya.

described as India's premier non- some' terse statements which ters of the Han and Yangtze official educational institution, summarize the progress made, Rivers. Fergusson College, is also in with Christian missions the es- Poona. Its jubilee occurred last sential element: Northern provinces also con- April. The influence it has in tinued struggling to imprison modern India is indicated by the Has the best government which she the raging waters of the Yellow fact that during the fifty years has known since the founding of the River, "China's Sorrow," as it of its existence about 70,000 Republic in 1911. roared headlong to the sea, students have received their edu- crushing its barriers to engulf cation there. The Deccan Edu- Forty thousand miles of new roads immense districts of farmlands. cation Society is the parent of have been built in the last five years. this college; it also sponsors an- The report from Red Cross auother Arts College and four high Broad avenues have been cut thorities in Hankow combined schools in Poona. through the poverty-ridden sections of with reports from neighboring many of her cities. areas indicate uncounted thou- -Dnyanodaya. sands of Chinese who have per- "Clean-up campaigns" have im- ished in the Han and Yangtze Jubilee in Western Tibet proved the sanitation of a host of floods. towns and villages. The remoteness of western Government authorities an- Tibet from the civilized world The railroads, telegraphs and mails nounced that five northern provdid not prevent its inhabitants grow daily more efficient. inces of China have been devasfrom joining other loyal British tated, leaving about six million subjects in celebrating King Increasing education is lifting the people homeless. George's Silver Jubilee. Kye- moral tone of the people. lang, a Moravian Mission Cen- Ohinese Ohild Welfare ter, has never known an occa- The "New Life Movement" is stimsion comparable to it.. Early on ulating many reforms, such as the at- The first national Child Welthe morning of May 6 the Chris- tack on the opium trade which has fare Conference was held last tians assembled in the church taken place in many provinces. October, with 134 delegates from for a thanksgiving service, while 14 provinces in at ten dan c e. the Buddhist clergy met in their Although numbering only one Branch associations have been monasteries to read passages in a thousand of the population, organized in Peiping and Luanfrom their scriptures which they the Christian group has supplied hsien, and plans are under way thought would be appropriate. an astonishing proportion of the for one in Nanking. The secre- The c e Ie bra t ion included leadership of the co u n try. tariat handled 123 cases of child speeches from the missionary Fifty-one per cent of the college protection. In June, 1934, the and the headmaster of the Gov- graduates listed in Chi n a's Association attempted to proseernment Middle School, parades, "Who's Who" are the product of cute a professional dancer for various competitive sports, bon- Christian schools and colleges. cruelty to a six-year-old adopted fires and native costume dances. daughter. Although the court Everybody was out to enjoy him- A Year of Opportunity found the defendant guilty, it self, and did. Unlike many of was compelled to waive jurisdictheir social functions which de- Two years ago the Honan tion, as the Association lacks the generate to orgies of lust and Mission of the United Church of right to prosecute in accordance drunkenness, there was not the Canada opened a small hospital with the present criminal code. slightest trace of these vices in Taokow. During the first The Association therefore has during the two days' rejoicings. year 5,443 treatments were petitioned the Juridicial Yuan registered; the total cost being for this right to be given to child The people here, living under $3,206 Chinese currency, of welfare bodies. the administration of the British which $1,521 was received in Government, are more world- fees, the balance being taken The Shanghai Child Welfare aware than their compatriots in care of by Canadian friends. Clinic treated 12,344 patients; other parts of Western Tibet. Over 700 flood refugees were 1,818 children were given free The medical, educational and cared for the past two years. In baths; 1,611 children particimilitary activities of the Gov- addition, 52 expectant mothers pated in health club meetings; ernment, not to mention the in- from refugee camps were cared nurses made 414 calls on pafluence of the mission, have re- for, and every baby saved. tients at their homes. Since sulted in an understanding of the Schools were organized for teen- March 1, 1934, 4,654 cases were influx of Western ideas. age boys and girls from these handled in extension medical camps. From one point of view, clinic work. A child tuberculosis -Moravian Missions. the flood has been a blessing; section has been erected at the these sufferers have come under Ching Chong Sanitarium at OHINA influences they would otherwise Kiangwan. have missed. There are some Evidences of Progress 2,000 villages in the Taokow April 4th was widely observed field. -Honan Quarterly. as Children's Day, and 1935 is The American Board, under to be a Children's Year. the title, "China Changes," gives More Deaths by Flood -Chinese Recorder. In July reports from China stated that 30,000 bodies of flood victims had been assembled in the Hankow area alone. This indicates the toll, taken in Cen- tral China by the receding wa-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Through Eye Gate in Hong port shows how, at Yungkang, to send him as a Christian the aim of creating self-support- worker. He found a native hut Kong ing churches is being realized. in a splendid location near the Seven years ago the missionaries market, where he has been wit- Mr. H. Lechmere Clift of from Yungkang went home un- nessing for Christ ever since." Hong Kong, sees a unique op- able, for health reasons, to reportunity there, both of attract- turn. The Mission agreed not In another center a Christian ing the indifferent and of help- to send resident missionaries Annamese opened a barber shop ing missionaries. In a letter to there again, but to ask the work- in the market center, and wit- The Life of Faith he says: _ ers in Kinhwa to render what nessed to every customer who help they could. For one'or two came for a haircut. He gave his For years my dream has been to years not much happened, and home for a meeting place, and have a book-shop in the very heart of there were very little signs of thus a strong evangelistic center the business section of Hong Kong. progress. By and by, church has been established. The show windows of the shop are to leaders saw that they must have large open Bibles in English, either shoulder their responsi- -The Call. French, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, bility and throw themselves into Urdu and Chinese. Passengers of all the work, or face the possibility Religious Life at Nanking nationalities here change their ships of its discontinuance. Men and University and come ashore to see the sights. women voluntarily went every- where preaching and teaching, W. Reginald Wheeler writes of On the mainland itself, in the thick with the result that the church progress in the religious life of of Kowloon's residential flats, we al- has gone forward by leaps and Nanking University. All chapel ready have such a shop: and the bounds. Eight or nine new cen- service and classroom religious books, pictures, posters and open Bi- ters have been opened, and this instruction is on an elective bles attract the attention of the year 97 adults have been bap- basis. crowds of Europeans, Americans, Por- tized. All expenses are met by tuguese and Chinese passing by. Then church members. There has been a subsidence of the there are throngs of tourists and we anti-Christian attitude of previous could reach them also. Some hun- -China's Millions. years, but there is much still to be dreds of pounds a year would be re- done and won, and the battle is not quired to run such a shop. It would The Cambodia Field an easy one, either for Christian stube not a paying business from a com- dents or faculty. Those who choose mercial point of view, but a spiritual Mr. Jeffrey, of the Christian the Christian way of life have enenterprise: not bringing in monetary and Missionary Alliance, says gaged in a real conflict "and there are gain, but saving immortal souls, and that the past year's results in many adversaries." Here is a student proving a marvelous witness in a French Cambodia have been who had decided to become a Chrisgreat city given over to money-mak- most gratifying. The previous tian and be baptized. He comes from ing and pleasure. year had seemingly been the a family of wealth and influence. darkest in that field, but work None of his family are Christians; his China Mission Losses was established in four new father learns of his contemplated step places last year ; at Prey Nop, and the boy is compelled to drop out Missionaries and missionary center of a large district; at of this Christian University and go enterprises in China lost heavily Kampot, capital of the province; to a government institution. Here is in the failure of the American- and in two villages; in each another student, with a shining face, Oriental Banking Corporation place the way was opened un- to whom I am instinctively drawn. and allied companies last May. expectedly. "We were refused After class he comes to me and says: This enterprise was promoted by permission to open a chapel in "I want to be a Christian. How do Frank J. Raven and was known Prey Nop," says Mr. Jeffrey, you be a Christian?" The boy has as a "missionary bank" since it "but one day we drove out there had a difficult path since that decision, catered to missionary patronage. in company with some of our but he has stood firm and has been The China Weekly Review, Cambodian workers. As we baptized into the new faith. Such ex- Shanghai, says: "Not only have traveled along, we felt led to periences are both a challenge and a mission organizations suffered stop the car in the shade of the reward. potential losses on invested forest for a season of prayer. funds from $3,500,000 to $5,000,- While we prayed, one of our In the faculty there has bepn real 000, but thousands of individual workers broke down in tears, religious activity, though we still have missionaries scattered over the and in prayer offered himself to far to go. During the year two "reinterior have their retirement, God as 'a living sacrifice' for the treats" have been held; one in a home-vacation and educational opening of the work in Prey picturesque Buddhist temple. Seventy funds locked up in these enter- N op. Although a Bible school of the faculty, Chinese and foreigners, prises. . . . One of the maj or man and well versed in the met in this temple. During- the sinl!'- casualties of the Raven bank- Word, he was willing to go there ing' of one of the hymns an old Budruptcy was the American Epis- as an ordinary farmer, since the dhist monk made his way to the altar copal Mission which has ap- Government would not allow us in front of an image of the Buddha proximately $700,000 tied up in and placed a single stick of burning stocks and bonds of the defunct incense there, as if afraid this new companies." religion might displace the worship of one who had lived and taught cen- Self-Support Achieved turies before Christ.

The following extract from the MISCELLANEOUS China Inland Mission annual re- A Survey of Progress Canon Stacy Waddy, Secre- tary of the S. P. G., visited the

United States on a world trip to Cases arrested without defor- (b) Golden Rule observance of visit Anglican mission fields. mity, i. e., symptom free. . .. 1,054 Mother's Day, He reports steady progress in many places, notably the estab- Cases arrested with deformity 359 (c) Religion and Welfare Recovery lishment of a new diocese in Program. West Africa known as the Gam- Of the remaining patients bia. Further progress is indi- some became worse, or station- 3. Allocation of relief and welfare cated by increase in numbers, ary, and a considerable number funds as grants-in-aid to instituconspicuously in D 0 rna k a 1, left or died; 704 of the cases ar- tions and agencies recommended where 12,000 were baptized in rested without deformity were by the Committee on Research the year and where an assistant, discharged and 126 of those ar- and Survey. Bishop Elliott, has just been pro- rested with deformity. In addivided to aid Bishop Azariah in tion upwards of 6,900 lepers 4. Administration of Trust Funds for the enormous work of that dio- were treated as out-patients. Philanthropic Purposes. cese. -Without the Camp. Each year the program be- Looking to the future, Canon comes more practical, varied, far Waddy points out two factors in GENERAL reaching and strategic. Among missionary procedure, not new the 1935 objectives are: Feeding but of great significance. One The Bible Needs No Witness the hungry, healing the sick, reis migration. Races and groups lieving the underprivileged in of people have always moved In a letter to the New York neglected areas, development of about over the face of the earth, Times, Dr. J 0 h n Hay n e s self-help, character building and acting as carriers, such as the Holmes recently offered a pro- religious and welfare recovery. Jews, the Tamils of South India, test at the representation of the and, particularly at the present discovery of porcelain archives, Dynamics vs. Mechanics time, the Chinese. There are almost 3,000 years old, as "of said to be some eleven million vast importance in corrobora- It is evident from the present Chinese outside China. Where tion of Bible stories." "Are we conditions that the primary hitherto the Church has worked never to learn," asks Dr. Holmes, problems of our day are in the in places, it now moves out to "that the Bible is itself a first- realm of dynamics, rather than work along lines of communica- class historical document, or col- in the realm of mechanics. The tion. There is also the increas- lection of documents, which no need of the hour is not more ing importance of printed mat- more needs confirmation than knowledge, but more action; not ter. To quote only one instance, Thucydides or Tacitus? . . . more campaigns, but more consenew ideas are p e Ii e t rat i n g Instead of saying that these cration; not more statistics, but throughout the Moslem world by archreological deposits in Pales- more spirituality; not more means of printed matter, and the tine confirm the Bible, why not councils, but more cooperation tremendous possibilities of this say that the Bible confirms these with the Holy Spirit. are seen especially in the fact deposits? It is the 'porcelain that printed matter can pene- archives' just unearthed that There is no dynamic power in trate among Moslems in lands need authentication, not the Christianity that has not staked that missionaries are still for- Biblical text. I count it high its very existence on belief in the bidden to enter. Other oppor- time that we drop our subcon- Holy Spirit. Without this the tunities, for active personal work scious suspicion of the Bible and Christian Church will be timid and for the use of printed mat- accept it without reserve for when it ought to be courageous, ter, are offered by the pilgrimage what it is-one of the most pre- bewildered when it ought to uncenters which are visited by cious and trustworthy records of derstand, stagnant when it ought thousands yearly, especially in human history now in possession to be alive. Belief in the Holy the Orient. of the race." Spirit means that the Christian Church is called to dare great Some Leper Statistics Golden Rule Foundation adventures and take tremendous risks. Only when the Christian Returns received from 50 dif- The Golden Rule Foundation, Church essays the impossible ferent stations in fndia, China, does it give God a chance; only Korea and Africa where the Mis- incorporated by special act of the when it achieves the impossible sion to Lepers maintains, or aids does it prove that the Holy Spirthe work, show the results of Legislature of the State of New it is not merely a theological leprosy treatment during the proposition but a living reality. year: York, March 29, 1929, seeks to It is not learning, or wealth, or organization, or equipment that Patients under treatment for serve the American public as "a will enable the Christian Church not less than three months .. 9,157 to conquer the world; it is ac- people's foundation," rendering tual belief in the Holy Spirit. If Number of above who slightly we would silence our theologic·al improved …………….. 2,800 to the average citizen a service controversies, our ecclesiastical rivalries, our counsels of expedi- Number much improved …… 2,772 which includes: – ency, our clamor for money, we might again "hear what the 1. Investigation of appeals as to rela- Spirit saith to the churches" tive need, efficient administration, more clearly than we hear Him and strategic importance. today. -John McDowell.

2. Stewardship education and stimula- tion of increased giving by pro- motion of: (a) International Go 1den Rule Week,

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information I===============================I~ Outline of Buddhism, C. H. S. Ward, The discussion of Nirvana will devoted uncompromising, con- sistent, loving, self-sacrificing pp. 149, % net. The Epworth Press, be found interesting and illumi- Christian parents. Here too we see (under God) hope for the umdon, 1934. nating. The author summarizes future church and the mission- ary enterprise – not in highly- This little volume is one of the very well the various views held trained specialists, but in well- Great Religions of the East se- educated youth who are "born ries, edited by Eric S. Water- of the Buddha's' concept of Nir- again" and who truly "seek first house, M.A., D.D. It has been the Kingdom of God and His said that he knows not England vana. righteousness." who only England knows. The same may be said of Christian- The book is well written and John and Betty Starn would ity. To understand Christianity have made their mark anywhere. it is necessary to understand well documented. It will be use- Betty had rare gifts as a poet other religions. The struggle of and writer and John was a Christianity with other religions ful for classes and study groups musician and trained for busiis not in the past, but it still is ness, but these and other gifts ahead of us in the future. At and should prove helpful to those were made to serve the cause of present nationalism and com- Christ. Here is a true romance, munism loom large, but the fun- who are at work in Buddhist a tragedy in human eyes but a damental attitudes of Buddhism triumph of faith and love. will have to be faced by thinking lands. The careful definitions Youth will find in this story the people. essentials to stimulate ambition, and exposition are valuable at courage and devotion. Buddhism is one of the universal religions. It must be un- present when so many ideas are Christian Realities. By Robert E. derstood by Christian mission- Speer. Pp. 258. Price, $2.50. Flemaries. This volume has for its presented in the name of Bud- ing H. Revell Company. New York. object the discussion of the type of Buddhism found in the Pali dhism. LEWIS HODOUS. In a recent sermon Dr. Fos- Pitakas and what is easily de- dick made a strong plea for realducible from them. It does not The Triumph of John and Betty ism in thought in religion: deal with Mahayana Buddhism. Starn. By Mrs. Howard Taylor. While this limits it to the Bud- 127 pp. 40 cents, paper; 75 cents, Pleasing sentimentality, wishful dhism of Ceylon, Burma and cloth. China Inland Mission. Ger- thinking, idealizations, comforting Siam, the book will prove of val- mantown. 1935. faiths; satisfying optimisms-these ue to those who are working in are the devils of the new generation. countries where Mahayana Bud- The main facts as to the mar- Nothing will do today except realism. dhism is practiced. tyrdom of John Stam and his wife, Elizabeth Scott Stam, at In the realm of theology, for ex- The aut h 0 r takes up the the hands of the Chinese com- ample, the liberals are being soundly sources of our knowledge of the munists last December, are al- trounced nQW by a group of men who Buddha and his teaching. Then ready well known. The wonder- call themselves realists.. The trouble he gives an account of the Bud- ful preservation of their three- which the realists find with the liberals dha's life. This is followed by a months-old "m ira c I e" baby, is serious. Against the background of Helen Priscilla Stam, has also the old theology, with the wrath of God discussion of Buddha's teach- become famous in the annals of and the fear Qf hell in the ascendency, ing and the order of Bud- mIssIOnary history, but this the liberals reacted to the opposite exdha's disciples. A sketch of the brief story of the early life, edu- treme. They ceased being grim and historical development of Bud- cation, missionary call, courtship became sentimental. dhism and a discussion of Bud- and two years of service in China dhism as a religion conclude the will be new to many. It is fold He goes on to say that when main part of the book. A selected by a very highly skilled and men become sentimental "they list of literature and an index of spiritually sympathetic b i 0 g- streamline their theology to renames and subjects complete the rapher. duce wind resistance."

volume. Here is a thrilling and deeply The present volume deals hon- significant story of two young estly and intelligently with reali- lives who II y consecrated to ties in the realm of Christian Christ and his service. As we read we see that consecrated parents can definitely count on h a v i n g consecrated children. The five Scott and the eight Stam children are all definitely Chris- tian and active in Christian work or preparing for it. Here we find the secret in united, sympathetic, Any of the books noted In these columns wlIl be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[445 ]

thought and life. In his book a great book with a great mes- for a building for Colored men "The Finality of Jesus" Dr. sage for our own day. and boys. It is a remarkable Speer presented a strong apolo- fact that this offer should have getic for the Christian faith- S.M.Z. come from a man of another the Deity of our Lord, and the faith; but it clearly indicates the unchangeable character of the I Am a Chrj,s,tian. By Jesse R. Wilson. value which a man like Mr. Christian message. In these ad- Pamphlet. 25 cents. Student Vol- Rosenwald placed upon the work dresses, taken down as they were unteer Movement. New York. 1935. of the Y. M. C. A. His deep delivered, the emphasis is not on seated sympathy for the strugdogma, but on life. The unreal Today students and youth gen- gling Negroes of our country in the realm of fact is myth, but erally wish not only theory but however has been shown in many in the realm of conduct it is in- practical experience as a basis other practical forms of helpfulsincerity and hypocrisy. The for faith. Clear cut testimony to ness which never can be forgotfirst chapter answers the ques- such ideas and experience are ten. As a result of the offer just tion, "What is Christianity?" what the Secretary of the Stu- mentioned 25 Y. M. C. A. and two Dr. Speer says: dent Volunteer Movement gives Y. W. C. A. buildings have been us in this pamphlet, but the basis erected in cities like New York, We believe in an objective deliver- is Jesus Christ, the Son of God Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washance wrought on Christ's Cross and in and only Way of Life. Being a ington, Chicago, St. Louis, Los a living Presence, and we will not be Christian involves for Mr. Wil- Angeles, etc. Weare sorry to confused or misled, nor caused to doubt son at least four things: A note that only two (Atlanta and or deny. We believe in a Life rthat Christian experience, faith, phi- Dallas) are found in the deep was here and that we have seen at losophy of life and hope for the south, where most of the Negroes work in the world, and that we know world. These four essential eleto be here now; and that it works now ments he sets forth, explains and reside. in us, in the lives of 'men and women illustrates in f 0 u r chapters. Among other matters treated whom we know and love, and in whom They are simply and clearly and through whom we have seen God stated, practical and true and is the distinguished war service in our time in Christ. will be helpful, especially to in- rendered by Dr. Moton, Max telligent youth who are seeking Yergan and others, and Mr. Yer- In a following chapter the au- light. gan's later efforts for the stuthor presents from a personal dents of South Africa. The auangle what Jesus Christ means Life on the Negro Frontier. By thor in the closing chapters tries to him and does for him. Other George R. Arthur. 259 pages. $2. to face modern difficulties and chapters are entitled: "The Es- Association Press. New York. problems, and through a quessentials of Christian Disciple- tionnaire sent to the Rosenwald ship"; "The Perils of Being a This title gives no inkling of aided institutions to discover Christian"; "Living in the Care the fact that the purpose of the methods for their improvement. and the Will of God"; "Finding book is to portray the work of One's Self." The strongest of the Young Men's Christian As- R. M. LABAREE. the seventeen chapters, in our sociation among Negroes. The opinion, is that on "The Gains of author claims (and we think that Apolo, The Pathfinder-Who Fol- Conscious Unattainment." It is he is correct) that the large cities lows? By A. B. Lloyd. Illus. 12 heart-searching and heart-re- create for the Negro many of the mo. 68 pp. 1 s. Church Missionvealing. conditions which formerly pre- ary Society. London. 1935. vailed on the far western fron- As a matter of fact, the best man tier-the large number of new Apolo wa-s an African canon never does his best. That was the arrivals, many of them young of the Church of England-a agony of the life of St. Paul; he never men and women; the sudden s t ron g character and a true realized his ideals. He looked back break from old home ties and Christian who worked among the over his life, and always found some- conditions; the resulting demor- pygmies. His story is unusually thing that he had not succeeded in do- alization in manners and morals. impressive and shows the true ing. It is because of this similarity results of Christ's work in an that he justifies his title "Life on African heart. This converted Dr. Speer's theology does not the Negro Frontier." and educated African went as a include perfectionism. As we missionary into the trackless might expect, the last four chap- The Treatment of the subject forests of Pygmy land, worked ters deal specifically with the is largely historical and descrip- with his own hands as a pioneer missionary enterprise and tell of tive, showing the conditions un- pathfinder and prepared the way an adequate Gospel for the need der which the Negroes live, the for further advance. This is the of the whole world, of areas in origin and leadership of the Col- third book about Apolo. Read geography and in life still un- ored Y. M. C. A. work, and more the fascinating story and you claimed for Christ, of the present especially the most interestIng will agree with Bishop Willis of and stimulating support of it Uganda who says: "As truly as task that faces the Church, and given by Julius Rosenwald of Christ lived in St. Paul, so truly, of the undiscourageable convic- Chicago, when in 1910 he made if to a less conspicuous degree, tion that the missionary enter- the offer to give $25,000 to any He lived in Apolo of the Pygmy prise will not fail, but will come city in the United States which to glorious -I'ruition. Altogether would raise an additional $75,000 forest."

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

The Conquest of Cannibal Tanna. By philosophy. After completing 1. Let the approach be unequivo- A. K. Langridge. Illus. 8 vo. 199 cally religious. pp. 2 s. 6 d. Hodder & Stoughton. his theological course at Prince- London. 1935. ton, he spent sixteen years as a 2. Let every Evangelical Christian missionary in Peru where he learn to think Eurindian (a synthesis The New Hebrides Islands of founded the Anglo-Peruvian Col- of European and Indian elements). Melanesia were made famous by John G. Paton whose thrilling lege. As a side issue he became 3. Let there be a profounder apprestories of missionary adventure a professor in the University of hension of Christ crucified. have captivated thousands. Now San Marcos, Lima and lectured the secretary of the John G. for seven years under Y. M. C. A. 4. Let the new Christian communi- Paton Mission briefly reviews ties be educated and equipped for servand continues the story. It was auspices in many cities in Mexico ice. nearly 100 years ago when the and South America. Besides his first Christian missionary ven- 5. Let the new frontiers be adetured among the fierce cannibal books in Spanish, his "The Other quately manned. islanders. John Williams was Spanish Christ," has given him murdered in 1839. Sam 0 a n wid e reputation as an inter- 6. Let all contacts between the Christians volunteered for serv- preter of Latin American in- Americas be Christian. ice in 1854 and many lives were sacrificed. Godless traders and tellectual, social and religious 7. Let us face the full implications raiders made the work much conceptions. This study is more of being Christian. more difficult. popular in sty I e but equally Those who read this illuminat- John G. Paton and his young worthy of careful reading. ing study will have a new underwife landed on Tanna in 1838. Dr. Mackay shows the two standing of Latin Americans and The story of his work is well the problems and opportunities known. Before he died fifty Americas and their peoples in that confront evangelical misyears later medical work had sionaries. The good index is a been started, a Church had been striking contrast. Latin Amer- help and the carefully selected built and the work was formally icans strongly dissent from the reading list invites to further established. In 1922 over 500 study. natives partook of the commu- U. S. A. habit of monopolizing nion. The story is deeply im- the name "American." To them India Calling. The Memories of Corpressive but would be more sat- "The Other America" is of much n~lia Sorabji. Wus. 8 vo. 308 pp. isfactory if the last twenty-five 12 s. 6 d. James Nisbet & Co. Lonyears of the mission had been greater importance. The vari- don. 1935. pictured with greater complete- eties of climate and physical feaness. tures are compared with the Born in India of high class, e d u cat e d Parsee parents, That Other America. By John A. characteristics and forces that brought up in intimate contact Mackay, Ph.D. 8 vo. 214 pn. $1 00. mark the people, their upheavals, with Hindus and Moslems, later Friendship Press. New York. 1935. educated in England, a cultured, ide a I s and institutions. Dr. widely traveled Christian lawyer Latin America is the topic for Mackay is especially illuminat- -such is Dr. Cornelia Sorabji foreign mission study this year ing on Latin American traits. who gives us the very readable (1935-6). Geographically it in- The chapter on their "Dawning story of her life, with intimate cludes the immense continent of pictures of India and her prob- South America (with 10 repub- Vision of God" is illuminating. lems. She reveals not only the lics and three colonies, besides The people have been clouded in influences that molded her own Panama and British Honduras) , life, but takes us behind the Mexico and the Caribbean Is- the past-by materialism, hu- scenes in India as only a woman man philosophy, false religious could-a pioneer woman lawyer teaching, and the failures of -lifting the veil to disclose the pleasures and sorrows, the hu- many professed Christian lead- mor and the tragedies of India's ers. As a result agnosticism and women and children. atheism have captured the intel- lectuals but there is growing evi- dence of the power of Christ to transform life and this is having its effect. Many examples are given.

lands. The variety of languages, The work of evangelical mis- Miss Sorabji studied law in climate, races and the political sions is presented, especially as Oxford, became a barrister and and religious problems make it it is today. Limits of space for- a doctor of laws, and has traveled essential that someone with a bid a detailed account of the mis- widely in Europe and America, clear head, and a knowledge of sion work in the different coun- addressing large audiences. Her the whole, shall bring order out tries but examples are given to friends include some of the most of chaos and point out the main show some of the methods, diffi- notable people of three conti- factors, forces and trends. culties, trends and results. A nents. She comes of an unusu- Dr. Mackay has produced a notable piece of work is that of ally talented family. Her father, very valuable study book, based Dr. George P. Howard, a pioneer Sorabji Kharsedji Langrana, on a clear Christian philosophy, evangelist in many parts of the who became a Christian at peril full of concrete facts and en- continent. In presenting "The of death, was a notable man of riched by personal experiences Challenge to Christian Action," property and standing; her and illustrations from Spanish- Dr. Mackay makes a strong ap- mother was a remarkable and American life. The author is a peal which he develops in seven beautiful w 0 man greatly be- Scotchman and an honor man in points: loved; one sister married Dr.

Pennell, the British missionary reform was to ignore the need The Responsibility of Success. By physician. of the Afghan Fron- for reform. It was put into Dr. W. Wilson Cash, Prebendary tier; another sister, Susie So- words by one of my charming of St. Paul's and General Secretary rabji, was the founder of the St. progressive Indian friends: 'Let C. M. S. 92 pp. Price, $1 or 1 shilling. Church Missionary So- Helena School for girls in Poona. them come into the open and take ciety, London. 1934.

There is a charm, intellectual what we have or die without.' In September, 1934, at Swankeenness and sterling character The new way is legislation- wick, a vital Conference was held by officials, members and about the Sorabji family that is compulsion to renounce the ties reproduced in this book. A true that bind. It has not succeeded. friends of the Church Mission- . . . The way for which I plead ary Society-a conference on the sense of value, touches of humor, state of the work and the prokeen insight and high ideals is, shortly, an understanding gram to be laid out for its ad- heart. . . . The emancipated make the narrative stimulating vancement in view of an acand fascinating reading. The have themselves been brought to cumulated deficit of 100,000 the place where they stand, not pounds and still falling receipts. seven girls and one surviving by compulsory legislation but by boy (two died in infancy), were The C. M. S. was founded in personal conviction based on edu- 1799, and its grave problem now brought up by English tutors, on cation. Only, their progress has is to care for the success which English nursery tales and with been rendered easy by the initial has come to its work under the English discipline and Christian cleavage with ties of their re- blessing of God. Lagging or ideals, but they lived in Indian ligion, where these ties remain, style and were obliged to learn failing work can be dropped is not a different rate of progress without concern, but when an the languages, literature and cus- indicated ?" toms of the people among whom they lived. Thus they were truly Something Happened. By Mildred enterprise is on the very edge of Indian in the best sense. When Cable and Francesca French. 11- great achievement how can it Cornelia Sorabji was only eight Ius. and map. 8vo. 320 pp. Frederyears old she determined to study ick A. Stockes Co. New York. 1934. be dropped or restricted? "The Church of God can never budget law in order that she might help Evangeline French was a ven- for retreat." Dr. Cash has forceher Indian sisters out of some of turesome, independent child, oft- fully described the present situatheir many troubles. She kept en in danger, full of life and tion in this small book. that aim in view and how she hard to manage. What took her realized it in a remarkable de- into the interior of China, as a Illustrations of the Bible from Pergree is told in this narrative- missionary, ready to travel hun- sian Life. By Annie Rhea Wilson. with many fascinating incidents, dreds of miles by mule cart and Pamphlet. 44 pages. 15 cents. the training in law at Oxford-a cam e I, suffering continuous Sold by the Board of Foreign Mispioneer worn a n student who hardship and privation? "Some- sions, 156 Fifth Ave., New York. broke all precedents-presenta- thing happened" to her and to 1935. tion at court, contacts with Eng- Francesca French and Mildred lish nobility and conversations Cable. What it was is told in this The Orient, especially the with members of Parliament. very captivating story of the Near East, throws much light The incidents about noted per- childhood, youth and later years on Bible history and the cussonages are many-some of them of these three interesting wom- toms and figurative language of too much in detail or too scrap- en. Each of the trio heard the Bible times. Mrs. Wilson, durpily told, and others with charm- call to China and went out under ing her life in Persia as a mising completeness. Her two vis- the China Inland Mission. They sionary, gathered many facts its to America are passed over were the heroic stuff out of and incidents that interpret lightly, with little detail. which true missionaries are Bible passages in a charming made and were full of faith and and illuminating way. She But the most effective part of devotion. Here is the story of knows her Bible as well as she the narrative is perhaps the training for service, at home; of knows Persia – customs and story of her actual forty year's their lonely pioneer days in the costumes, names and titles, symwork for her Indian sisters-the far northwest of China. There bols, similes and metaphors, are purdah women, who could not see they spent years of adventure, all paralleled and briefly illusa man lawyer face to face, and and fruitful service in stormy trated by pertinent facts, poems who needed some one to defend Shensi, working among Tibet- and incidents. For example them and to protect their prop- ans, among Buddhist pilgrims in she throws light on swaddling erty rights. Dr. Sorabji also is Sinhiang, among bandits cross- clothes, vows, ornaments, doora pioneer in social service for In- ing the Gobi Desert, and among keepers, water-jars, breaking dia's women and by Indian wom- Europeans on the Russian bor- bread, feasts, kissing, almsgiven. In c los i n g Dr. Sorabji der. The story is full of gripping ing, prayers, fasting, "evil eye," writes: incidents and reveals spiritual salutations, leprosy. She also illustrates symbolical language "The problem is how to lessen life and power at work in and -the door, the vine, the lamp, the shepherd, the Lamb, the cup. the gulf between the orthodox through these messengers of the This pamphlet whets the appe- tite for additional facts to illus- Hindus and the few thousand progressives. The old way.of Cross. It is worth reading. trate Bible truths.

i[bt 1Sing'~ 1Jju~int~~

ASTHMA aDd SUMMER COLDS are UDDec….ry. published by Complete r.li.f only $1.00 postpaid. Nothing .Ise to buy. O••r 40.000 HOLFORD'S WONDER INHALERS BIBLE INSTITUTE OF LOS ANGELES sold 14st year alone~ Mail $1.00 today for full,euon'. relief to THE DANDEE CO., 252 HENNEPIN AVENUE, A monthly Bible Family Magazine with something in it MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., or write lor Fr•• Booklet. jor every member of tbe family circle New Books I SSUED for twenty-live years without interruption. THE KING'S BUSI- NESS has consistently represented the best thought of the funda- Around a Mexican Patio. Ethel L. mental Christian churches of the nation. In addition to its Smither. $1.00, cloth; 75 cents, paper. 120 pp. Friendship Press. interesting contributions by leading teachers, evangelists and pastors, New York. 1935. it prints every month several valuable departments, including: An Christian Youth in Action. Frank W. Herriott. 169 pp. $1.00, cloth; 60 International Lesson Commentary, Notes on Christian Endeavor, Daily cents, paper. Friendship Press. New York. 1935. Devotional Readings, Girls' Query Corner, Junior King's Business, and Chaos in Mexico. The Conflict in Helps for Preachers and Teachers. Trial subscriptions (3 months) 25c; Church and State. Chas. S. Mac- Farland. 284 pp. $2. Harpers. Annual subscriptions $1.50. The following premiums are at present New York. 1935. available free with annual subscriptions: a teacher's Bible, a copy of Eight Things That Matter. W. Graham Scoggie. 64 pp. 6d. Pick- lamison'S Bible Chdrt, or a copy of ObjectJ that Talk dud Tedch, con- ering & Inglis. London. 1935. taining 52 new and interesting object lessons. The supply of each of The Fine Art of Soul-Winning. Wil- liam Wistar Hamilton. 109 pp. 60 these premiums is limited, so order at once. cents, cloth; 40 cents, paper. Bap- tist Sunday School Board. Nash- Address: ville. 1935. rrbe 1&ing'5 18usineS5 Der Heilige in Dem Chinesischen Klassikern. Gerhard Rosenkranz. 558 South Hope Street Los Angeles, California 188 pp. M 9.80. J. T. Hein- richs'sche Buchhandlung. Leipzig. Gold Coast Methodism. The First Outline Chalk-Talks on the Spiritual 1935. Hundred Years, 1835-1935. Arthur Life. Abdul-Fady (Arthur T. Up- E. Southon. Illustrated. 158 pp. son). 38 pp. Nile Mission Press. I Am a Christian. Jesse Wilson. 25 Is. and 2s. 6d. 1934. Cairo. 1935. cents. Student Volunteer Move- ment. New York. Japan in Crisis. H. E. Wildes. 300 Die Rechtliche Stellung Christlicher pp. $2. Macmillan. New York. Missionen in China. Dietrich Huse- Into All the World. A. J. Brown and man. Carl Heymann. Berlin. 1935. John D. Freeman. 60 cents. Sun- History of Palestine. Th ~ Last Two day School Board, Southern Bap- Thousand Years. Jacob deHaas. These Sixty Years. The Story of the tist Convention. Nashville. 1935. 523 pp. $3.50. Macmillan. New Keswick Convention. Walter B. York. Sloan. 114 pp. 2s. 6d. Pickering Keeping Our Balance. Eva Taylor. & Inglis. London. 1935. 80 pp. 25 cents. Cokesbury Press. The Color Problems of South Africa. Nashville. 1935. Phelps-StokeS Lectures, 1933, deliv- Some Old Testament Parables. J. ered at the University of Cape Stuart Holden. 128 pp. Is. Pick- Forty-five Years in India. Memoir Town. Edgar H. Brookes. 237 pp. ering & Inglis. London. 1935. and Reminiscences of the Very Rev. 48. 6d. Paul Kegan. London. 1934. Principal Mackichan. Edited by The Triumph of John and Betty. David Williamson. 126 pp. 58. The Buddhism of Tibet, or Lamaism. Mrs. Howard Taylor. 127 pp. 75 Nicholson and Watson. London. L. Austine Waddell, 2d Edition. Il- cents, cloth; 40 cents, paper. China lustrated. 646 pp. 258. Heffel'. Inland Mission. Philadelphia. 1935. SA.fPUiS OF OUR SliNDA Y SCHOOL punucA.nONS, Cambridge. OR YOUNG PEOPLE'S DIBLF. STUDIES SE~l fREE O~ REQUEST Joseph Wolff. His Romantic Life A Pageant of Asia. A Study of Three and Travels. H. P. Palmer. 222 Civilizations. Kenneth J. Saunders. pp. 78. 6d. Heath Cranton, Ltd. 248 pp. $2.50. Macmillan. New London. 1935. York. Winning the Border. Una Roberts Faiths Men Live By. John C. Archer. Lawrence. 160 pp. Home Mission 497 pp. $2.75. Nelson. New York. Board, Southern Baptist Conven- tion. Atlanta. 1935. Lowell and Abigail. A Realistic Idyll. Mary Dillingham Frear. With Christ in Soviet Russia. By 325 pp. Privately printed. Vladimir Ph. Martzinkovski. Illus- trated. 12mo. 364 pp. 5 shillings. Lupita. A Story of Mexico in Revo- Nile Mission Press. Jerusalem. lution. Alberto Remhas. 180 pp. 1933. $1.00. Friendship Press. New York. 1935. Our Korean Friends. Frederick S. Miller. Illustrated. 8vo. 191 pages. Off to Panama. B. H. Pearson. 217 Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. pp. 35 cents. Harry Harper, Agent. 1935. Los Angeles, Calif. Waiting for the Coming. .John T. Over the Mexican Border. Hewitt Mawson. 12mo. 124 pages. 2 and Thomas. 138 pp. $1.00, cloth; shillings. Pickering and Inglis. 75 cents, paper. Friendship Press. Glasgow. New York. 1935.

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i; + T It What Do You Know About Those Other Americans? If TT i, ~ THE south of the United States of North America lie other "The ; tf l:}United States." There are sixteen republics, besides a number of colof t f nies, and island dependencies. More than 100,000,000 people who live there , are different in many respects from North Americans and yet they are kin. fT IT They include descendants of Anglo-Saxons, Portuguese, Spaniards, Indians, •t Negroes, Orientals and many mixtures. Most are nominally Roman Catho- It lics but millions of them are atheists or pagans. ','

Why should we send missionaries to Latin Americans?

'Ii Who are these people, and what are their customs and beliefs? How If II many Protestant societies and missionaries are working among them and what are the results in converts, churches and the transformation of society? I'

THE NEXT NUMBER OF THE REVIEW Ij . W ill deal w~thd fithlisd fashcinatin.g. sulbject-Ithedrevol.l~tions, thde.t~ansforhmations, It the unoccuple e s, t e po1lhca , mora an re 19lOUS con ItlOns; t e transi t formations that are taking place; stories of how the work is conducted. + I ! OUR LATIN AMERICA (OCTOBER) NUMBER !! Ii+ The Latin American Republics Religious Trends in Spanish America By MARY WILHELMINE WILLIAMS By JOHN A. MACKAY i t. Some Unevangelized Areas The Influence of the Printed Page i I+•I By JOHN RITCHIE +, By H. C. TUCKER Attitudes of Governments Toward t• Religious Liberty The Living Church in Latin America I, By C. S. DETWEILER By KENNETH GRUBB t. ReligiousHEducation in Latin America The Indians-Pagan and Christian I I•'. By UGH C. STUNTZ t + Emerging Latin American Youth By JOSEPH A. DAVIS Union and Cooperation in Latin i By S. FRANKLIN MACK t f+~ Next Steps in Evangelization America I•.. By RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER By WEBSTER E. BROWNING it I, The Gospel for Latin Americans Best Books on Latin America By EDWARD H. HAYMAKER By SAMUEL G. INMAN + There will also be series of sketches of outstanding evangelical Christians, stories of t I notable misisonary work, an article on "The Progress of Women in Latin America" and I,: "Spanish-American Views of Evangelical Work." : ORDER NOW It ~J Single copies, 2S cents $20 per hundred +t The Missionary Review of the World ………….. i if t; …………………._.. ._.T_.h_ir_d_a.n_d.R_ei.l_y..S.tr.e.e.t.s.,.H~_ar_ris._bu_rg_, _Pa…….~_ t

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1935

1935

Home Mission Number Restating the Home Mission Task Mark A. Dawber The Changing Frontier in America Hermann N. Morse Problem of Unassimilated Americans W. C. Schaeffer Christianity versus "Isms" Gaius Glenn Atkins The New Day and the Old Gospel Hugh T. Kerr Working Among Migrant Workers Adela 1. Ballard Cooperation and Union in Home Missions .. William R. King The Unchurched Children of America R. W. McGranahan A Re..emphasis of Spiritual Values Paul Dawson Eddy The Need for Christian Education 1. M. Walker The Church and the Unemployed Edgar M. Wahlberg Juvenile Criminals and the Church H. L. Dickerson 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Yea1'

to Remember Dallas, Texas. (Not the Negro School Christian Church, died early in

-Sept. 23-27.) M~s. George J. Fix, at the age of 48, in Dayton, Ohio. He June 9-1~Annual Conference, He- 7041 Tokalon Drive, Dallas, Texas. had been in executive missionary serv- brew Christian Alliance. Buffalo, ice since 1921, and from 1926 until N. Y. Eaglesmere, Pa. June 26-July 3. Cor. 1930 was executive secretary for home Sec.-Mrs. Edith C. Ashton, 1939 missions of the General Christian June 9-15-Church Conference of So- Grant Ave., Bustleton, Phile.delphia, cial Work, Montreal, Canada. Pa. Convention.

June 20-25 – Northern Baptist Con- Houston, Texas. October 28-Novem- Mrs. Elizab'"eth'" R'"ustin McCon- vention, Colorado Springs, Colorado. ber 1. Mrs. E. B. Mohle, 2309 Rob- inhood, Houston, Texas. aughey, the wife of Dr. David Mc- June 22-30 – Victorious Life Confer- Conaughey who was for some years ence. Keswick Grove, N. J. Lake Geneva, Wis. June 24-July 1. the Y. M. C. A. missionary in Madras, Mrs. Thomas A. Freeman, 5841 July 1-29-Institute of Race Rela- Kenmore Ave., Chicago, Ill. died at her home in Montclair, N. J., tions, Swarthmore College, Swarth- on May 18, at the age of seventy-two. more, Pa. Minnesota (Minneapolis – St. Paul). She was one of the founders of the September 16-23. Mrs. A. F. Au- Y. W. C. A. in India and was greatly July 2-7-International Christian En- guster, 1536 Van Buren St., St. beloved and honored by many mis- deavor Convention, Philadelphia, Paul, Minn. Pa. sionaries and Indian Christians who Mt. Hermon, California. June 29- enjoyed the hospitality of her home. July 4-7 – Conference on Christian July 6 (not definite). Mrs. W. F. Education and the 22d Annual Angwin, 1836 Clemens Road, Oak- Rev. Dr. Wm'". E'". S'"oothill, Profes- Meeting of the Presbyterian Edu- land, Calif. cational Association of the South. sor of Chinese at Oxford University, Montreat, N. C. Mountain Lake Park, Maryland. England, died on May 14 at the age July 31-August 6. Mrs. B. H. Sin- of 74. He went to China as a mission- July 6-14-Victorious Life Conference. cell, 103 2d St., Oakland, Md. Keswick Grove, N. J. ary of the United Methodist Church Northfield, Massachusetts. July 5-13. in 1882 and labored there for twenty- July 10 – 24 – Leadership Training Mrs. Virgil B. Sease, Parlin, N. J. five years, becoming one of the lead- School. Montreat, N. C. ing authorities of the world on Chi- Southern California (Los Angeles). nese life and language. He was born July 16-19-Annual Assembly, Amer- September 23-27. Mrs. Thomas M. in Halifax, the son of William and ican Association of Women Preach- Buley, 800 Rome Drive, Los An- ers. Aurora, Ill. geles, Calif. Margaret Soothill. He was stationed at Wenchow, China, from 1882 to July 20-28 – Victorious Life Confer- Warren, Ohio. September 17 and 24. 1907 and established there churches, ence. Keswick Grove, N. J. Mrs. Geo. Konold, 314 Scott St., schools, a hospital and a college. He N. E., Warren, Ohio. was for four years president of the July 24 – 31- Woman's Auxiliary Training School. Montreat, N. C. Winona, Indiana. June 26-July 2. Imperial University of Shensi Prov- Mrs. Lulu C. Hunter, 1021 S. Elm- ince. Among his best known books August 1-4-General Missions Confer- wood Ave., Oak Park, Ill. are "Three Religions of China"; "A ence. Montreat, N. C. Mission in China"; "Life of Timothy Obituary Notes Richard of China"; "A History of August 3-11-Victorious Life Confer- ence. Keswick Grove, N. J. Rev. T. Matsuyama, one of Japan's China," and "Anelects of Confucius." ~rea~est benefactors, died January 4 August 7-12 – World Convention of m hIS 90th year. In 1871, becoming *** the Disciples of Christ, Leicester, alarmed at the spread of Christianity, England. he began to study it secretly in order Miss Jane Addams, the world-fa- to know how to combat it. His antag- August 11-18-Foreign Missions Week onism changed to faith and with ten mous social welfare worker and peace of the Southern Baptist Convention others he was baptized. He became in the Blue Ridge Mountains on pastor of a church in Kobe which he advocate, died on May 21 aft~r a ma- the Southern Baptist Assembly helped to establish; in 1884 he assist- Grounds, Ridgcrest, North Carolina. ed in a translation of the Bible and jor operation for cancer. She would in 1911 was a member of the com- August 12-18-World Alliance for In- mittee to revise the translation of the have been 75 years of age on Septem- ternational Friendship Through the New Testament into Japanese. Churches. Geneva, Switzerland. ber 6. She was recently awarded a *** August 17-25-Vidorious Life Confer- Nobel prize in recognition of her ef- ence. Keswick Grove, N. J. Dr. David George Downey, mem- forts in behalf of world peace. She ber of the Methodist Board of Foreign August 18-22 – Universal Christian Missions, died March 7th in White was the founder of Hull House, Chi- Council for Life and Work. Geneva, Plains, N. Y., at the age of 76. Dr. Switzerland. Downey had helped to make the Meth- ~ago and had been for the past 46 odist Book Concern the largest organ- August 20-22 – Men's Conference. ization of its kind in the world. years greatly honored and beloved MontTf'at, N. C. *** because of her settlement work for August 22-Seut. I-Bible Conference. Montreat, N. C. Rev. William E. Boggs, Baptist the poor and underprivileged. She has missionary in South India for 42 August 30 – September 2 – Victorious years, died April 6, at Greenwich, been called a "priestess of under- Life Conference. Keswick Grove, Nova Scotia. N. J. standing" and kept open house for * '" '" Summer Conferences and prince and pauper alike. She has been Schools of Missions Dr. H. H. Tilbe, retired Baptist missionary to Burma, died March 4 honored with degrees by many uni- Affiliated with the Council of Women in Cincinnati, Ohio. Dr. and Mrs. for Home Missions and the Com- Tilbe had served under the Baptist versities. mittee on Women's Work of the Foreign Mission Society for 45 years. Most of their work was in Rangoon. Miss Addams was born in Cedar- Foreign Missions Conference '" '" '" ville, Illinois, of Quaker ancestors her DATl!:S AND CHAmMEN FOR 1935 The Rev. Abram W. Sparks, for- father having been a personal f;iend Bethesda, Ohio. July 29-August 2. mer executive secretary for home mis- Miss Mary 1. Scott, 310 Tomlinson sions of the General Convention of the of Abraham Lincoln. Among the Ave., Moundsville, W. Va. books of which she was the author Boulder, Colorado. June 23-29. Pro- gram Chairman-Mrs. Henry F. are: "Twenty Years at Hull House"; _ Hoffman, 741 Adams St., Denver, "Second Twenty Years at Hull Colo. House"; "Democracy and Social Eth- Chautauqua, New York. August 18- 24. Institute of World Missions, ics"; "Newer Ideals of Peace"; "The Mrs. F. C. Reynolds. 309 Woodlawn Road, Roland Park, Baltimore, Md., Spirit of Youth in the City SWtormeaetns''"~ Chairman. and "The Long Road of Memory."

HAYFEVER ASTHMA and SUMMER COLDS are nnne.essary. Complete relief only $1.00 pOltpaid. Nothing elle to buy. Over 40,000 HOLFORD'S WONDER INHALERS lold Idt year a10n.. Mail $1.00 today for full 1.8IOn'I reUef to THE DAN DEE CO., 252 HENNEPIN AVENUE, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., or write for Fre. Booklet.

MISSIONARY The next issue of the REVIEW will ~enever

REVIEW OF THE WORLD be .a combined July-August number. If you are to be away from home for the Call comes from DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor the summer please send us your change of address now. EAST OF SUEZ VOL. LVIII JUNE, 1935 No.6 Personal Items sail by Publication and Business Office– Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. Dr. John R. Edwards, Secretary of p&O the Meth()dist Board of Foreign Mis- Editorial and Executive Office– sions; E. M. McBrier, lay member; To whatever part of the East the work 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Dr. Morris W. Ehnes, treasurer, with of the Faith may take you •.• Cunard Entered as second-class matter at Miss Juliet H. Knox, representing the White Star and P & 0 comhine to Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, make the way easy. You cross to Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under sailed from New York, April 20, for England by the largest fleet on the Act of March 3, 1879. North Africa, to study problems con- Atlantic ••• then sail eastward on the nected with the readjustment of Meth- new s.s. Strathnaver or s. s. Strathaird 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. odist work in that fielc;l. or any other fast luxurious P&O liners. Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. . .Thus you use throughout the two Published monthly, except August. *** Lines preferred by travelers since All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. 1840 • •• on the Indian and Pacific British agents – Marshall, Morgan Dr. George B. Dean, for eighteen as well as the Atlantic oceans. Tra- and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, years connected with the Board of ditions of seamanship and service that London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, Home Missions and Church Extension have endured for nearly a century, 10 shillings a year. of the Methodist Church, has retired are your assurance of a safe and because of a serious heart affection. supremely comfortahle voyage. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB~ LISHING CO., INC. Dr. Albert *Sc*hw*eitzer, African PENI NSULAR AND ORIENTAL AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS medical missionary, was honored on BRITISH INDIA ROBERT E. SPEER, Pre8ident his sixtieth birthday in Strasbourg, W"M. 1. CHAMRERLAIN, Vice-President where he studied and taught, by hav- STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANIES WALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer ing a city park named for him. He DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary has just returned to his hospital at P & 0 liners sail regularly from London to Lambarene, Africa. Egypt, Sudan and the Persian Gulf, to India, SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT Burma and Ceylon, to the Straits Settle- MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD Dr. Homer D*. B*roo*kins has retired ments, China and Japan, to Australia and WM. B. LIPPHARD New Zealand, East and South Africa, ERIC M. NORTH from the editorial staff of the Watch- Mauritius, etc. Convenient through book- JESSE R. W'ILSON man-Examiner. He had served that ings at attractively low fares can be arranged paper and its predecessor, the Exam- by your local travel agent or any office of A. L. WARNSHUIS iner, for 47 years. Cunard White Star Line. Complete informationfrom Your Local Agentor SAMUEL M. ZWE'MER *** CUNARD WHITE STAR Editorial Chat Sir Harold Mackintosh, President of the World's Sunday School Asso- GENERAL AGENTS Here is our Home Mission number. ciation has received a baronetcy from The subject is so vast that only a few King George, who thus recognizes the 25 Broadway New York 638 Fifth Ave. phases of it could be treated in one greatness of this organization. issue. The Indians, Negroes, Mexicans, Orientals, lumbermen, miners, Rev. and Mrs*. G*eor*ge G. Mahy, of mountaineers, West. Indies, Alaska, city slums, prison work, industrial Buckhorn, Ky., have been assigned to centers, Sunday school evangelism and missionary work in China under the religious work in rural districts are Presbyterian Board of Foreign Misall omitted or slightly treated. Some sions. Mrs. Mahy is a sister of Mrs. promised articles were not received in John C. Stam, who, with her husband, time for publication – and one – on was murdered in China December 8. "Christian Youth and a New America," by Roy A. Burkhart, was *** crowded out and will appear in July. This series is, however, varied and Brayton C. Case, an agricultural timely and will well repay study. missionary of the American Baptist Read them and pass them on. Foreign Mission Society, has been presented .with the Kaisar-i-Hind Sil- *** ver Medal for services to practical agriculture in Burma. Mr. Case is A Correction principal of Pyinmana Agricultural Sch,ool. In the frontispiece for our May number (showing some Mohammedan Fifty years ago Dr. Roberts had mosques) there was a transposition crawled on his hands and knees up of titles. The left-hand pictures to that ·same throne to ask permission shows the mosque at Woking, Eng- of the Burmese king to start mission land; the upper right-hand mosque is work among the wild Kachins. Misthat at Mogok, Burma, and the other sion work has now changed this peois that at Srinagar, Kashmir. ple from bandits and robbers into pro- tectors of the peace. *** *** A Word to the W ise~ Dr. Dan B. Brummitt, editor of the "I wish I could afford to have THE Central Christian Advocate, Kansas REVIEW and Women and Missions in City, Mo., was elected chairman of every Presbyterian minister's home of the Editorial Council of the Religious this land. . . . I can't see how any Press, composed of editors of Protminister can keep up his intelligence estant denominational papers. Dr. and interest without these magazines. Guy E. Shipler, editor of the Church- Lack of interest is almost always due to ignorance." (Concluded on third cover.) From a letter to Women and Mis- [257 ] sions from Dr. Frederick G. Coan of MinneapoIis (former mission- ary to Persia).

"Happy Is the Nation Whose God Is the Lord"

UNITE TO WIN AMERICA for CHRIST THROUGH PRAYER WITNESS SERVICE LIFE Present Situation in the United States—The Challenge Total Population,: 134,000,000 Protestant Christian Communicants, 30,000,000 Total Protestant Community, 70,000,000 Roman and Greek Catholic Community, 20,000,000 Non-Church Members (Including Children), 75,000,000 Unconnected with Any Christian Organization, 44,000,000

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVIII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REvIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER SIX JUNE, 1935 Topics of the Times SAVING THE SOUL OF AMERICA 2. Progress. No land has offered· greater op- Every land has its special resources and culture portunities for progress than has North America. Territorially the United States has expanded from -its heritage and history. The United States of ocean to ocean. No old ironbound customs and traditions have prev·ented development; new ideas .America has been greatly blessed in its tlhoecacthioanr-' and plans have been tested by laboratory methods of its natural resources, in -in government, in education, in industry, in so- III the wealth cial customs and even in religion.

acter of its early settlers, and in its national his- But today the ambition for material progress threatens to cripple and destroy the nation. When tory. In spite of many dangers and difficulties- wealth becomes a great end in itself; when edu- cation leads to the deification of the intellect; or because of the battle against them-the coun- when industry develops into selfish warfare be- tween capital and labor; when statesmanship detry's development has been steady and remark- generates into petty party politics; and when social life takes on the characteristics and customs able, at least for the first century and a half of its of the jungle-then the soul of the nation is lost.

history. Wealth, education, culture, industry, in- 3. Service. Almost every nation seems to have been completely absorbed with its own national fluence, power have increased as long as national problems and with the struggle for existence. From its early years of independence America has ideals and Christian teachings have united to keep offered a haven for oppressed and underprivileged peoples. Not only the development of her own standards high and to develop strength. vast territory but international travel and com- merce and the sending abroad of money and mis- But in recent years the body and mind of Amer- sionaries, have enabled Americans to share their material and spiritual blessings with others. ica have been developed at the expense of its soul. Today many of these streams seem to be drying For America has a soul-a spiritual quality of life up. The desire to protect national industries and to avoid entangling alliances is keeping America that must be nurtured if the body is to be kept from adopting unselfish policies and from full co- operation in international courts. Our doors are healthy and is to function properly for the benefit now almost closed to immigrants and our mis- sionary activities are being curtailed. of mankind. The characteristics and vital reali- ties of the soul of America include: 1. Liberty. When the Western Hemisphere was discovered Europe was passing through the Dark Ages – politically, intellectually and religiously.

North America was settled by men and women who sought freedom to live and to work and to worship God in harmony with high intelligence, great industry and noble ideals. The liberty sought was in harmony with law-particularly the laws of God for the well-being of man.

When licence and lawlessness take the place of law and order-licence in dress, in behaviour, in amusements, in sex relations; lawlessness and laxity in regard to property rights and traffic- laws, in marriage and the sacredness of human 4. Spiritual. America was discovered about the life-then a land and its people lose the privileges time of the Protestant Reformation., The United of true liberty. Is it not time for America to re- States was settled from northern Europe by turn to the high ideals and the practice of liberty sturdy pioneers who brought with them their open in harmony with the laws which God has estab- Bibles and who sought to pattern their lives after lished for the physical, moral and spiritual good the revealed will of God rather than on the lines of all mankind? of humanistic or materialistic philosophies. Pure, [259 ]

monoganous family life in America has been held schools and colleges, irreligion in the homes, athesacred; character-making education has been of- istic propaganda, open immorality and obscenity fered to prepare all for unselfish service; Sunday, in published literature and public exhibitions. as the Lord's Day, has been respected as a day of Parents and teachers who have strict ideas of rest and worship; Church and State have been Christian standards of conduct are referred to by kept separate, not to exclude God and His laws modern youth as "belonging to the stone age," as from the State but to prevent the State from in- hopelessly puritanical or "old fogies." No doubt' terfering with religion. most of these youth do not intend any wrongdoing but they are reckless and like to throw off all When lawmakers lose their spiritual ideals and restraint… As a rule they are not to blame. They their sense of obligation to God; when the Lord's are following the trend of the times, are often Day is commercialized and secularized; when influenced by the teaching and example seen in moral standards in education are lowered, and their homes, their schools and colleges and in when a materialistic social order becomes men's public places. ideal, it means that the supremacy of God is overlooked or ignored. Government, education, in- The great problem of home missions today, is dustry and society, as well as religion, are then on not so much the problem of occupying new territhe toboggan. tory or establishing religious centers among neg- lected pioneers and primitive peoples, as it is the But America still has a soul-a spiritual life problem of manifesting a type of Christian faith and character-as well as a body-to be saved. and life that will be an evidence of its vitality Home Missions represent the effort of Christians and truth, and will attract others to Christ. It to extend and express that spiritual life and char- requires no argument to prove that a noble hisacter in service, according to the will of God as tory or good laws do not insure a strong nation. revealed in Jesus Christ. Until this soul of Amer- It requires also noble, high-minded citizens and ica finds expression in every nook and corner of loyalty to good laws and high ideals. the country, in every phase of American life, in all our laws and institutions and activities-until The great problem of home missions today, as then the Home Mission task of the Church of of every day and every land, is that of winning Christ will not be completed. Nationalism 'may individuals to high idealism, training young and be only a heathen ideal; patriotism may be igno- old to use their powers of body, mind and soul for rant and selfish; Christianity means not only character development and for the benefit of othloyalty to Christ and His program, but unselfish ers, revealing to them the Source of wisdom and devotion to one's country and to the welfare of power that will make their talents and resources humanity in every part of God's world. The effective. What other way is there of solving this home missionary ideal is to bring one's country problem than the Way of Christ. wholly under the control of God. But that ideal can only be realized by the surrender of every THE RECIPE FOR A HAPPY NATION individual and every institution and activity to Many ideals and programs are being tried out Christ. for making a strong, prosperous, happy nation- in Russia, communism and the success of the Five THE PROBLEM OF HOME MISSIONS Year Plan; in Germany, Nazism and the elimi- TODAY nation of all that is non-Teutonic; in Italy, Fas- cism and the development of a powerful central There is no greater problem today than that of government; in Japan, military power and exbringing American life into harmony with the pansion; in China, national unity and the realizaspirit and teachings of Jesus Christ. It is easy tion of Dr. Sun's principles; in India, self-govto recognize the great progress that has been ernment and the development of home industries; made by the United States in the past fifty years in European countries, national security and -territorial expansion and increase of popula- economic prosperity; in America', economic retion, in commerce and manufacture, in wealth and covery and no outside entanglements or interphilanthropies, in education and science–but ference. have we made similar progress in morals and social justice, in Christian character and life? Every intelligent and patriotic good citizen By these latter standards of measurement have wishes to see hi/} country strong and prosperous we gone backward or forward? Judged only by and at peace with the world. He wishes to see church attendance and church membership, sta- his fellow-countrymen free and happy and gaintistics show a numerical increase but proportion- fully employed-a blessing to themselves and. to ately we have been slipping. all mankind. But there are different views as to the guiding principles and the forces that produce More than this, anti-religious and unchristian such a nation and such a people. The all-wise influences are increasing-in the teaching in many

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

and all-loving Creator and Ruler of the universe This effort to persuade Germany to revert to has given clear directions, infallible rules for paganism may lead many astray through false attaining the desired result in personal and na- aims and a vain hope of unity and security. While tional life. Here are a few: all public Christian rallies, Protestant and Cath- olic, were forbidden, more than 15,000 anti-Chris- 1. Happy is the nation whose God is the Lord. Psalm tians recently (April 26th) gathered in the 33: 12. "Sportspalast" in Berlin to attack Christianity and in a less degree to express their sympathy 2. Happy is the man (or nation) whose iniquities are with the plan to organize a Nordic pagan moveforgiven. Psalm 32: 1. ment. Pagan symbols and swastika flags deco- rated the platform. 3. Happy is the man (or nation) whose strength is in God. Psalm 84: 5. While Hitler himself may not openly and direct- ly sponsor the anti-Christian movement, he and 4. Happy are they who do right at all times. Psalm the Nazis are seeking to establish a political, 106: 3. state-controlled Church-making God and His decrees of secondary authority to national laws, 5. Happy is he that has mercy on the poor. Proverbs some even declaring that "Reichsfuehrer" Adolph 14: 21. Hitler is God's spokesman and representative. The new religion seems to consist chiefly in in- 6. Happy is the man (or nation) who maketh the Lord tense German nationalism. Apparently the only his trust. Psalm 40: 4. rites of the Nordic pagan faith consist in a cere- mony for new-born children and a civil marriage 7. Happy are they who hear the Word of God and keep agreement. In the effort to establish a centralit. Luke 11: 28. ized, unified State Church, hundreds of Evangel- ical Christian pastors-700 in one week-have 8. Happy are they who hunger and thirst after right- been jailed or sent to concentration camps. Any eousness. Matt. 5: 6. public mention of these arrests is forbidden. There is also an attempt to bankrupt "confessional 9. Happy are the pure in heart . . . Happy are the churches and clergy" by taxes and withholding peacemakers. Matt. 5: 8, 9. stipends.

10. Happy is the man who keep~th the Sabbath. Isaiah But brute force cannot win over spiritual force. 56: 1. There are millions of Evangelical German Chris- tians who will withstand every effort to paganize 11. Happy are a people saved by the Lord. Deut. 33: 29. them and their children. They are strong, coura- 12. Happy is he who is not offended in me (Christ). geous men and women who know their Bibles and Matt. 11: 6. who have personal experience of the power of Christ. Danger of imprisonment and death can- Disregarding these clear directions and the not intimidate or silence them any more than it plain lessons of history, nations today seek secur- could silence or destroy the Apostolic Church. ity and prosperity through armaments, treaties, "Truth crushed to earth will rise again." Christ human laws and "recovery codes," through regu- is still the power of God and the wisdom of God. lation of crops and prices, by labor organizations and chambers of commerce, by social security acts EARTHQUAKES AND FAMINE-WHAT and increased taxation. At the same time they NEXT? neglect the cultivation of justice, righteousness, brotherly love and Christian education. Is it any Recently, on almost the same day, newspapers wonder that "Icabod" is so often written over were filled with reports of disaster in many parts legislative halls and business marts, over court- of the globe. Formosa, the large island about houses and educational institutions and even over 100 miles off the southeastern coast of China, churches? largely inhabited by Chinese but now ruled by Japan, reported (April 22) a severe earthquake in The Word of God comes to America, as to the which some 2,500 people were killed, nearly 7,000 people in the days of the prophet Isaiah: "Seek homes were wrecked, 250,000 people are reported ye the Lord, while he may be found; call ye upon homeless, and much other damage was done. This him while he is near; let the wicked forsake his is one of twenty-five great earthquakes of the way; and the unrighteous man his thoughts, and present century in which 290,000 people have lost let him return unto the Lord and he will have their lives. mercy upon him and to our God, for he will abundantly pardon." Formosa is a mountainous island about 235 miles long and 50 to 100 miles wide, with a popu- GERMAN ANTI-CHRISTIAN ACTIVITY Recent reports from Germany announce that the seventy-year-old General, Erich Ludendorff, the eccentric military genius of the World War, has appealed to the Teutonic people to abandon all faith in Christ and the Bible and to return to the worship of the Teutonic god Odin-whom he calls the "holy wellspring of German power." General Ludendorff claims that the Hitler drive for German unity and power will not be effective without national unity and that this unity is attainable only by the adoption of a Teutonic god-a legendary being.

lation of some five million Chinese, Japanese and Council to the Belgian Minister of the Colonies aborigines. The principal cities and towns are says in part: on the west coast. This is the island where Dr. The Colony has some 250 doctors. About 165 (of whom George Leslie MacKay, of the Canadian Presby- more than half are foreigners) belong to the official service, terian Church, carried on a very remarkable mis- 15 are in the Catholic mission service, and 50 belong to sionary work a half century ago. His work was the Protestant missions. The medical budget amounts to located in the north at Tamsui (Taihoku), while the English Presbyterian Church occupies sta- 76,000,000 francs. Of this total, Protestant doctors receive tions in the southeastern part of the island. The between 600,000 and 700,000 francs, being about 1%. The 15 Catholic doctors receive all expenses, just as though they were Government doctors; and the 50 Protestant doctors recent earthquake was confined to the west central receive only . . . 1%! Protestant hospitals, dispensaries, residences for doctors and nurses, and their entire equiparea of the island where there are no foreign ment have been paid for by the funds of the Protestant missionaries. missions, whereas all this has been furnished by the Gov- ernment to the Catholic missions. . . . Certain facts On the same day reports came from China that 12,000,000 Chinese are suffering from famine due clearly distinguish our medical work from that of the to drought in eight provinces-Hainan, Anhwei, Catholics: Ours was not established at Government ex- pense; it was not established to compete in any way with and Hupeh suffering most. Many victims are the work of another confession; it has never established said to have been reduced to eating the bark of a medical service in a region already served by a doctor trees, roots and grass, having exhausted the sup- belonging to another confession. In short, it has only ply of dogs and other domestic animals. Women thought of offering to the greatest number of suffering and children are being sold to the highest bidders. humanity the medical care of which before they had been deprived. . . . We know that often the Catholic mis- The central areas in the United States have sions, even with their subsidies provided by the State, been suffering from prolonged drought, followed refuse to receive Protestant patients on account of their by great dust storms that have swept up thou- faith.

sands of acres of surface soil and have carried What, then, is it that we ask? Medicine being a public service, we ask that the Colonial Department follow a the dust as far west as Los Angeles and as far policy inspired by the benevolent impartiality which Beleast as New York. Discomfort and disease have gium has engaged itself to practice in virtue of the Coloresulted from inhaling the dust; traffic has been nial Charter and in adhering to the Treaty of St. Ger- temporarily blocked in some places and large main-en-Laye: that the Government shall "protect and farms have been stripped of fertile soil. favour, without distinction of nationality or religion, all In the midst of these and many other wide- religious, scientific or charitable institutions and enterspread distresses and disasters it would seem that prises.

men, who have prided themselves on their phys- Regarding education the report goes on to show ical conquests, and on their discoveries and inven- how the same discriminatory measures have been tions in the scientific and natural realm, would pursued despite the fact that the Protestant turn from war and destruction to give all their Church has been the pioneer in the field and has energies to constructive activity to establish har- brought great blessing to the Congo. The report monious relations with nature, with one another gives instances where special prestige is given to and with God. The world needs to submit to the Catholic prelates by government's ceremonials to rule of Jesus Christ. impress the natives. It also cites case after case of cruelty practised upon the natives by priests ROME'S GREAT MISSIONARY ACTIVITY in order to induce them to turn Catholics.

The present Pope of the Roman Catholic Church Other reports tell how Roman Catholic mission- is very active as missionary propagandist. No aries are establishing schools and- hospitals near one need to be surprised and none should criticize some of the best Protestant stations in an effort him or his Church for such activity, but there may to draw off the Protestant adherents. Instances be grounds for criticism of Roman Catholic are given where children are intimidated and methods. The Protestant Council of the Belgian even beaten to make them stop attending Protes- Congo recently prepared a protest against some tant schools. The missionary representations to of these methods and against the favoritism the Belgian Government are not complaints shown to Roman Catholic workers and because against legitimate Roman Catholic activity but of discrimination against the work of Protestant call attention to unfair government discrimina- missions shown by Belgian officials in the Congo. tion and to cases of intimidation and persecution. These discriminations have been extremely detri- The present King and Parliament in Belgium are mental to evangelical work-especially to the more inclined to give Protestants fair treatment Protestant mission schools and hospitals-some or and have promised to see that these abuses cease.

which have been established in the Belgian Congo There is a great reason for thankfulness that the for half a century. case of evangelical Christians is in the hands of The document forwarded by the Protestant God. .

the Home Mission

By REV. MARK A. DAWBER, D.D., Philadelphia, Pa.

Superintendent of the Department of Rural Work, Board of Home Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church T HE last five years have witnessed the round- church no less than government is called upon to ing out of the first century of organized home face the new demands of these changes. Our mission work in America. Several denomi- planned agriculture and industry to meet the new nations have been celebrating this century of ac- economic and social problems will require a new tivities and achievement. There is probably no home missions to bring to these new frontiers the chapter in American history more thrilling than dynamic of Christianity and unless this can be that which records the exploits of those early done and done quickly, there is grave danger that pioneers who blazed the trail into the American the mould of the new economic civilization will be wilderness, across the Rockies and penetrated into set without the safeguards and guiding principles of the Christian religion.* the far West, keeping pace with the population as it Are the days of pioneering in Home Missions Restated moved ever westward in search of new lands in which home missions past? Is there Home missions must now to settle. A few of these old more land to possess, a need for be restated in terms of presfrontier mission tasks re- more churches? There are re~ ent-day conditions. The primain but the work of estab- ported to be at least fifty mi1~ mary purpose is the same as lishing the Church in the lion people in America not con~ ever, that of making Jesus rapidly developing move- nected with any church-Cath~ Christ available, known and ments of the closing days of olic or Protestant. The task is accepted to underprivileged, the nineteenth century and still with us but it is different ignorant and indifferent peo- the beginning of the twen- from that which faced the early ple, and through Him to tieth, has never been com- bring people to a knowledge pleted. Many of the old fron- pioneers. Dr. Dawber points of God and His love for sintiers still remain, church- out ways in which we must fill ful man and to show the posless and godless, and are sibility of redemption and even now a challenge to the our church program with new salvation. From this point methods if we would win Amer~ ica for Christ.

Church. of view the problem is the But for the most part the same as in former days. But old frontier is gone. The old haphazard move- there is a difference in degree of need, and in the ment of peoples westward and the influx of multi- attitude of underprivileged people toward the tudes of foreign-speaking peoples from Europe to cause of their need. Home missions must do more take their pla'Ce in the rapidly-expanding indus- than meet these needs, it must address itself to tries, is gone-at least for the present-and there remove or overcome the causes. Too long have are those who predict that it is gone forever. The we been content to be the stretcher-bearer for an settling up process has given way to a settling economic system that was unj ust and therefore down process, that brings with it a new set of unchristian and that has cast its wreckage of life factors with which home missions must grapple. on the scrap-heap of humanity to be cared for by A planned economy to meet intensive living, as the Mission Boards and other benevolent institu- against the old easy-going policy of expansion, is tions. "Prevention is better than cure," but it is now the order of the day. New types of control less spectacular. It is much easier to arouse the are abroad in the land and many of them are here to stay. The old frontiers have gone but new • It was for this purpose that the Home Missions Council set frontiers, far more difficult and creating greater needs, have t aken the p1ace 0 f the oId. The forth to explore the situation and to record Its judgment and suggest nation, yes the whole world, is now in the throes a program and policy that would help the Home Mission Boards to of readjustment and reconstruction made neces- face up with the new task that lies before them. The results of sary becaus~ of these changing frontiers. The this study covering a period of five years were published a year ago in the book "Home Missions Today and Tomorrow." A casual glance at this volume will reveal the tremendous task that now confronts the Church If It is to occupy a place of respect and be ~~n~~:~t~~. in~.h~.n~~ economic, social and moral frontiers of our [263 ]

sympathy of people to give money to alleviate the administrative offices seeking employment. Othsuffering of people, than it is to get support to ers have gone directly to closed churches and prevent suffering. The Mission Boards must now offered their services at a mere pittance of a salmarch out on these new economic and social fron- ary, in order to get a shelter and enough to eat. tiers to wage war against any and every agency Mission Boards must be alert in protecting the and institution that in any way contributes to the use of funds for churches that will make an appeal poverty and destitution of the people. The decla- to supplement the salary of men who are serving ration of this new purpose will doubtless make under such conditions. In a word, the problem enemies of certain individuals and groups whose of competition is intensified as we pass from an consciences will prick them and who take refuge increasing population to a relative decrtasing one. in defensive mechanisms of traditional ways of expr,essing religion. On the other hand the ac- Institutional Changes ceptance of this new purpose will make a host of new friends and supporters who wish to help in Home missions must be restated in terms of constructive work for the rebuilding of society on certain institutional work. Schools, hospitals, a truly Christian basis. homes and certain social services have undergone a vast change. We are facing a very different set Among- Foreign Language Groups of factors that make unnecessary the develop- ment, and, in many instances, the continuance of Home missions must be restated at the point of this type of work. In the early days of pioneer the changes that have come to certain special life, it was right that the church should organize groups. The ministry to foreign-speaking peoples and promote such institutions. The state and the has received a considerable share of home mis- local communities were neither able or interested sion funds. During the expansion period of in- to do so and the church has rendered a muchdustry, people from other lands flocked to Amer- needed service in initiating and standing by such ica by the millions. To keep up with this invasion, institutions until the state and local communities and to meet the ever-moving stream of this migra- could care for this work. There are still certain tion, has been a most difficult task. No other situations where pioneer and underprivileged concountry has ever faced such a problem so that ditions obtain so that the church must continue there was no previous experience upon which to the work of education, hospital and relief service. develop the program. But this need is passing as a responsibility of the Mission Boards, and they must now frankly face We have now reached the end of this immigrant the task of readjustment that comes as the result movement, at least for the present. The tide has of the change. tu:vned and recent studies show that for every foreigner who came in under the quota in 1933, A National Responsibility thirty-five went out. From now on the task will be that of winning the second and third genera- Home missions must be restated as a national tion of the foreign groups. responsibility. Certain types of service are the primary responsibility, and the total church mem- This will require a program and a policy that bership must be made to feel the obligation. will be centered in the English-speaking churches Other lesser needs become the responsibility of that are in close proximity. There will be certain certain areas that have within them the resources exceptions, but for most situations it will require to care for them. Home missions must be claria readjustment of program to reach these people. fied at the point of this distinction.

Denominational Competition The intensive lifenow upon us will demand that mission funds be used for certain well-defined Home missions must be restated from the point types of service that will qualify as a national of view of comity and cooperation. The problem respon~ibility. In this class we include the work of competition was not a sensitive one in the days among Negroes, Southern Mountains, Alaska, of expansion for the denominations felt justified Puerto Rico, Hawaii, certain language groups, in locating new churches, since the future prom- needy industrial and rural areas and special projised rapid growth of population. This policy can ects that are rapidly developing under the reconno longer be defended and denominations are struction and rehabilitation program of the Govobligated to confer with one another as to the ernment. location of new churches to meet the changes that are necessary. The present situation and the immediate future require that the home mission task be more clearly Another element has now entered into the pic- defined, and restated and the projects selected on ture and that is making the task of comity and the basis of these new and more valid standards cooperation difficult. Hundreds of unemployed of missionary need and service. ministers are knocking at the doors of church

RESTATING THE HOME MISSION TASK

The Church Building Program phasized the primary work as related to present- ing Christ and His program to indifferent and un- The foregoing statement if true would suggest derprivileged people, there is also a responsibility a restatement of home missions in the field of that rests upon home missions in' its relation to church erection. If we have reached the end of the whole Church. Self-supporting churches form the expansion period, then it stands to reason the home base of giving for the work conducted there will be less demand for church expansion in by Mission Boards. If this spring of resources terms of building. That there will be many home dries up, there is little that the Boards can do. Remission needs in this field goes without saying. cent years have witnessed a terrific shrinking in Old frontier communities are still lacking in suit- the giving of the churches and this cannot all be able church buildings and equipment, but they charged to the "depression." The greatest loss will not be needed at every crossroads as in the took place in the so-called prosperity years, so past. Rather, they should be placed at strategic that we must look to some other cause than the centers of population development and changed depression upon which to hang the blame. . conditions of transportation. Many old churches are in need of remodeling and additions, and This loss in giving seems best explained by loss where this is necessary in missionary territory, of interest, not only in missions, but in Christithe home mission agencies will be faced with a anity itself. Jesus Christ is no longer an imperacontinuing responsibilty. tive fact in life. The majority of church members do not seem to have any deep concern about the A tremendous task also confronts the Church in redemption of the world. Jesus Christ is not a meeting the burden of indebtedness that rests significant factor in their own lives, therefore, upon hundreds of churches that have been erected they are not concerned about the significance of in recent years. The value of this service cannot Christ for others. This I believe to be the crux be overstated, but it must be segregated from of the present problem. People are not going to home missions except where the service is ren- strain themselves to make the Gospel available to dered in strictly home missio1;l projects. We do lesser privileged groups unless the Gospel is acnot desire to minimize the importance and the cepted as imperative for themselves. It is not place of church erection in the Christian enter- information about missions these people need, it prise, but rather to call attention to the changed is information about Jesus Christ and a vital relaemphasis that is necessary as the result of the tion to Him. change in the nature of the work as home missions passes from the expansion period to one of Home Mission Boards have a tremendous regeographical and population limitations. It is not sponsibility in the deepening of the spiritual life now a task of building more churches, but of pay- of the whole Church, to make Christ real and iming for those already built and developing and perative to the total membership and to quicken extending the ministry of the same. the sense of His abiding significance to all those who profess to be His followers. If this can be Home Missions and Christianity done, there will be new hope and larger resources with which to carryon the enlarging task of mak- Our task must also be restated in terms of the ing America Christian. total Christian enterprise. While we have em- FROZEN SPIRITUAL ASSETS and For years the world has staggered under haastrebmeeenndthoeusfrowzeeinghatssoeftse.coBnoumt iacllstthriengfreonzcey~ one of the major reasons for this situation assets are n~t ~aterial. There are the potential assets of faith, hope, and love frozen solid under ~h.e thIck Ice of prayerlessness, complacency, irritability, and insincerity. Frozen moral and spIrItual assets are, as a rule, exclusively individualistic in nature and self-inflicted.

Many of us have not been worthy stewards of God, wisely dispensing the spiritual wealth entrusted to our keeping. We have permitted ourselves to become pawns and slaves to fluc- tuating commercialism and have deteriorated vinaltuoesspiisriotufapladrwamaorfus~tbiymbpoowrtianngcae titnhtehaelbtaurilod-f materialism. The fair appraisal of intrinsic ing of a life. .

. A power greater than our own is needed to liquidate the frozen assets of the soul. Jesus Chrlst has that power.-Rev. Harry G. Earle, in "The Christian Advocate."

Changing Frontier in

By REV. HERMANN N. MORSE, New York Author of liToward a Christian America"

THE dominant force in the development of its, who always answer the call of adventure, rest- home missions from its beginnings until now less, reckless men for the most part; those who has been the frontier, in much the same way have encountered misfortune, or who have failed that childhood dominates the school, or that sick- to get ahead in the old and have turned to the new ness dominates the hospital. Without the one the for a fresh start, hard-working, substantial folk, other would never have been. ready to pull the wheelhorse's load; and those who just cannot abide the restrictions or accept The historian, Frederick J. Turner, was the the responsibilities of developed community life. first to elaborate the theory of the frontier as a controlling influence in our There are always two national history. Other his- sides of the frontier picture, torians, such as Charles A. What has become of the geo- what is left behind and what and Mary R. Beard and graphical frontier which has lies ahead of the moving pop- James Truslow Adams, have been pushed westward into the ulation line. For the commumade much of the signifi- Pacific Ocean? With churches nities out of which the micance of the frontier. Peter and Christian institutions scat- grants have come there is a G. Mode, in a suggestive lit- tered all over the land, why is greater or less degree of tIe book published a few not the task of home missions stagnation. Ahead of them years ago, emphasized the completed? Dr. Morse answers is the raw newness of the contribution of the frontier tIhnisonqeuesesntisoe nt-haet hleoamset imn ispsairotn. frontier. Thus there has al- task will never be completed unspirit to the development of til every man, woman and child ways been the contrast of American Christianity. In has at least a fair opportunity the old and the new, in some the thought of these writers, to know and accept Christ and sense a conflict between the most distinctive charac- to live a normal Christian life them, a conflict between the teristics of American life in a Christ-governed commu- rigidity of the old and the have been a direct result of nity. That will be only when plasticity of the new, bethe way in which this coun- Christ reigns supreme. tween the conservatism of try was settled and has the old and the adventure- grown to maturity. The ness of the new, between the frontier, or rather the suc- orderly organization of the cessive frontiers, furnished the keynote of the old and the militant individualism of the new. process. At no point in the story of the nation is this so evident as in the development of the home Always, too there has been the sense of change impending, and actually going on. Such change mission enterprise. has been thought of as toward something "bigger Even the more obvious aspects of our national and better," a slogan as typically American as "E Pluribus Unum." A steady and practically history reveal the effects of certain constant, or unlimited growth has been accepted as our na-' at least constantly recurring, influences. New ter- tional destiny. Every new village has dreamed ritories were opened to settlement. Populations metropolitan dreams. Every new business has were redistributed. Our history began on that thought in terms of empire. note and each decade adds illustrations. The process is not yet completed. Only yesterday we It is easy to see why the frontier idea domi- read of new projects in Alaska, in Arkansas, in nated home miss-ions. The man who isn't going Washington, in Tennessee-magnets for thou- anywhere needs no guide. If he is building nothsands of families. Each new advance from first ing, he needs no carpenter. If he is mature and to last had its scouts, pathfinders and surveyors. in good health, he needs neither nurse nor physi- Each drew people out of old settlements to estab- ciano But the frontier meant that many people lish new. Generally, the same three classes of were going places, were building things, were people have responded; the bold pioneering spir- growing up in new environments, were struggling [266 ] to overcome obstacles, were enduring hardships. The following decade saw work extending into Home missions was simply the way of the Church Nevada, Montana, Wyoming, Arizona, Utah and to serve such people. Frontier meant something among the Indians and the Spanish-speaking peo- primitive, unformed, lacking in the privileges and ple in the Southwest. This decade also confronted values which we associate with normal living. the churches with the tremendous problems inci- What the frontier meant concretely in the his- dent to the freeing of theNegro slaves.

tory of home missions is too long and too familiar The next two decades saw the extension of work a story for retelling here. The frontier and home into Alaska, the beginning of work among Hun- missions were children together and grew up to- garians and the definite crystallization of the gether. We may date the beginning of an organ- concern of the Church for its ministry among ized program for home missions on a national European immigrants and for the problems of its scale at around 1800. From that time until the growing cities. At this time, too, the Southern present practically every decade confronted home Mountains were rediscovered as a missionary missions with some strikingly new situation, problem. The same decades saw the initiation of either a new territory to enter, a new type of pop- the modern program of Sunday School Missions.

ulation to serve, or a new sort of problem to solve. In the last decade of the century occurred the Furthermore, in each decade the advance agents beginning of work in lumber camps and, as the of home missions were scouting out the tasks that century was drawing to a close, the entry by the would engage the Church in subsequent decades. Church of Cuba and Puerto Rico.

By 1800, mission work was under way in all The first decade of the new century saw the be- of the Atlantic seaboard and New England states ginnings of the modern programs of country and in Kentucky and Tennessee. Without attempt- church work and of city church extension and also ing too exact a chronology, it will be of interest to the organization of the great interdenominational recall some of the high points of the later progress bodies in tlie field of home missions.

by decades. This was followed by the launching of the The first decade saw work extending into Mich- cooperative program in Santo Domingo, the de- igan, Ohio, Indiana, Louisiana and among the velopment of a program of work among migrants, Cherokee Indians in the south and the Tuscarora the beginning of service to the Filipinos, and the Indians in the north. facing of the emergency situations created by the The second decade added Illinois, and Missouri conditions of the past few years.

when Salmon Giddings established in St. Louis Through all these years the program of home the first Protestant church west of the Mississippi. missions has had to make provision not only for In this decade occurred the great mission tours of carrying the old and continuing tasks, but for Mills and Schemmerhorn through the Mississippi constant extensions into new fields and the under- Valley as far south as New Orleans in which was taking of new tasks. It is natural enough to ask revealed the religious destitution of that great whether that is still true today and whether there era. is still a place for the frontier idea in home The third decade saw work extended into Ar- missions.

kansas and Wisconsin. In answering this question we will consider the The fourth decade was marked by expansion in frontier in four of its persistent aspects.

many directions. Work was initiated in Minne- People on the Move sota, Kansas, Oklahoma, Iowa and Texas. The Ponds began work among the Sioux Indians in The first of these concerns that hardy perennial Minnesota to be followed not long afterward by of all the days of home missions, the new settle- John P. Williamson and Stephen R. Riggs. Jason ment and the problem of 'people on the move.

Lee, Marcus Whitman and H. H. Spalding began People are still on the move in this country. A their epic-making labors in the far northwest. saying of James Truslow Adams that "America The fifth decade added Nebraska in the middle is settled up and Americans must settle down,"

west, New Mexico in the southwest and California is sometimes quoted as though the redistribution on the coast. In the latter state mission work was of American population had practically come to begun within a year after the discovery of gold an end. On the contrary, there is under way right and the start of the great overland trek. There- now a redistribution of population of considerable after population began to flow from both east and magnitude. Many forces are at work in this, in- west into the Rocky Mountain states. cluding drought, unemployment, emergency, pub- During the sixth decade work was begun in lic works, federal policies for the acql1isition of Colorado and South Dakota. The first church for marginal lands for park purposes or for reforest- Orientals, outside of Asia, was organized in San ation, and other forces too numerous to mention.

Francisco. ' So far as the numbers involved are concerned, it

is likely that the present decade will witness as in northern Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. great a dislodgment of people from their old A considerable number of such Homestead Projhomes as any decade in the history of the nation. ects are now under way or are planned.

Not all of such population movements, of course, During the past five years there has been more create new situations for home missions since individual homesteading in some parts of the west much of the movement of the population is into than in many years previous. A missionary in communities already provided with churches. New Mexico, for example, found in a certain area But constantly new situations are being created. several hundred newly arrived families among whom two promising churches have been organ- Some years ago when construction was begun ized. In Arkansas, an area of 20,000 acres of on Boulder Dam, seven denominations associated fine, fertile land has been reclaimed by drainage. with the Home Missions Council cooperated in Recently, families began to move in from different the establishment of a joint religious enterprise counties in the state. Here the missionary has for the 7,000 or more people who made up the organized a Sunday school which has from 150 inhabitants of Boulder City. A minister was to 200 attendance. Elsewhere in the west one established, a church organized, a building erect- missionary reports that he has had contact with ed, and a fruitful program of religious ministry sixty-eight different communities and another has been carried forward. Now this enterprise with fifty-one. In almost all of these settlements is nearing completion well ahead of schedule and no religious work was being maintained except people are beginning to move out. However, what the itinerant missionary could provide. there are still 1,400 children and young people in Boulder City, an amply worth-while field of min- All sections of the country have by now become istry. accustomed to the challenge and the opportunity represented by the CCC Camps. Recently the In Washington, work is under way on the announcement was made that during the present Grand Coulee Dam, which is a very much larger year the number of such camps would be increased project than the Boulder Dam. Here about 5,000 from 1,468 to 2,916, and that the number of young men are working and a cooperative religious pro- men in them would be increased from 303,000 to gram is already under way. This is an irrigation 600,000. project designed to impound the waters of the Columbia River in the Grand Coulee for the ulti- Many illustrations of this sort could be given. mate irrigation of 1,750,000 acres of the Columbia The problem of missionary extension which they basin. The soil is rich, only needing water, and create is no whit less important than the similar when irrigated the basin will furnish homes for problem in the days of the covered wagon. Here 40,000 families on small farms. are people in new surroundings. Some will re- main in a given location only for a short time. Forty-two miles up the Columbia River from Others are building their homes and establishing Portland, Oregon, is the Bonneville Dam now in permanent communities. Whether they are in the process of construction where 2,000 or more men one case or the other, they present a definite need are now being employed. Here, too, a cooperative for the ministry of the Church. religious program is under way. The Unserved Populations Considerable publicity has been given to the various homestead projects being developed by the Equally insistent is the problem presented by Federal Government as a part of its program of the unserved populations, who for one reason or relief and rehabilitation. another are not reached by the existing churches. This is a second aspect of the frontier which has At Crossville, Tennessee, for example, is located long engaged the attention of home mission agenthe Cumberland Homestead. This is designed for cies. Some of the most significant and stirring 350 families, each of whom will have a small farm episodes of home mission history have been conwith a fine modern house. These families are cerned with the efforts of the church to carry its being recruited from the ranks of unemployed ministry of service across the lines of race and . coal miners and others who in their former homes color and class. This phase of extension has been have had an insufficient measure of support, most a task as great in extent as the primary task of of them being on the relief rolls. Here will be geographical extension and has been more difficreated a new community of possibly 1,500 select- cult. This does not present many entirely new ed people. phases, now that immigration from foreign coun- tries has virtually ceased, but in even its oldest In the Matanuska Valley of Alaska, near An- aspects it is a task as yet largely uncompleted. chorage, a similar homestead project is under way which will provide homes for 200 families. These The most recent challenge has been that of the families, many of them of Swedish or Finnish considerable number of Filipinos on the Pacific extraction, with many young children, are being selected from among those who are now on relief

THE CHANGING FRONTIER IN AMERICA

Coast. Before the Filipino immigration was sus- dren in such migrant families hardly one in fifty pended last year the number of arrivals, coming is now being served through this program.

chiefly by way of Hawaii, had reached a total of Frontiers of Poverty 60,000, most of whom have settled in California.

A report' just received from an interdenomina- In the third place we are still confronted by the tional executive, who recently surveyed this situa- frontiers of poverty and need in all the distinctive tion, summarizes the problem in cryptic phrases: missionary areas in which work is being carried Sixty thousand-mostly young men. No legal protec- on. There is a disposition among some to assume tion. Migrant seasonable workers. Living conditions bad. that except for the emergency created by the pres- Gambling and shooting common. Little being done for ent depression, the need for missionary work in them. Not welcome as a rule 'in American churches. the fields of education, health and community The Christian work among them is largely car- service has been largely eliminated by the developried on through Filipino Christian Fellowships, ment of public agencies.

which are interdenominational in character, but A government bulletin has just been received in many cases sponsored and assisted financially reporting the results of a survey of social and by denominational groups. An annual conference, economic conditions in the Southern Appalachi- on a definite constitutional basis, of all of these ans. This document, replete with maps and charts Fellowships on the Pacific Coast is now in process and tables, bears sober testimony to the contin- of formation. There are in California seven dif- uance of those conditions which prompted the ferent centers having each from 3,000 to 10,000 development of the mission program in that area.

Filipinos, while others are scattered all along the A few facts, culled at random from the report, coast. The present program of service needs to show that there is still physical isolation in the be very greatly extended and greatly strength- mountains. In over sixty counties less than a ened. third of the farms are located on improved roads.

Of all the racial groups with which Protestant To anyone who has ever ridden over unimproved mission agencies have had contact through the roads in the mountains this speaks volumes. On years doubtless the least progress has been made 30% of the farms the total value of all farm with the Jews. Much has been written concern- products sold, traded, or used is less than $400 ing the importance of developing the Christian per year per farm. For sixteen townships, the approach to the Jewish people. They are an im- average per farm is $25'7. Let any housewife pressively influential element of our national life. figure how far $257 a year in cash or farm prod- They are widely scattered, being found in consid- ucts could be made to go for the support of a large erable numbers in almost every city and large family. Typical public school conditions are still town in the country. It is conceded that very below average in the mountains. In seven coun- many of them have no more than a nominal at- ties, over one-fifth of the children of public school tachment, if that, to the church of their fathers. age do not attend school. In twenty-three coun- Today, as always, the general attitude of the ties, three-fourths or more of those of high school Christian Church toward the Jews is as great an age are not in school. Eleven counties show an obstacle in the way of the Christian ministry to illiteracy rate of 7% or more among children 10 them as is their attitude toward the Christian to 20 years of age. In seventeen counties the Church. average school year covers less than 135 days. In Almost any of the other distinctive racial two whole states more than one-half of the teach- groups in America would serve as an illustration ers in public school have had no more than high of the need that still remains for the pioneer school education.

extension of missionary work. The national con- . In the West Indies ference, held last winter, on evangelical work among the Italians was an impressive demonstra- A recent volume of the Foreign Policy Associa- tion of the substantial progress which had been tion on "Problems of the New Cuba," gives a made and of the splendid leadership which had vivid picture of difficulties to be duplicated in been developed. But it equally demonstrated the other West Indian islands. This study, while size and importance of the work remaining to be showing the great progress that has been made done. The same could be said of the annual con- in many fields since the formation of the Republic, ·ferences of the Council of Spanish-speaking Work. piles up the evidence of pressing economic, educa- There is justifiable satisfaction in the program tional, health, and welfare needs. Half of the sponsored by the Council of Women for Home population are illiterate. The general standard Missions for service among migrant workers. of living is low and fluctuating. Economic prob- But the satisfaction must be tempered by the lems are complicated and difficult. A summary of realization that of the estimated number of chil- case studies of forty~one typical families showed

that only seven had a total annual income in cash A Frontier of Ideas and Ideals and in goods in excess of $500. Ten families showed annual incomes of less than $300. Finally, there is a frontier of ideas and ideals of which home missions must continue to take ac- Similar citations could be made with respect count. An eminent preacher said recently: to many other large groups within the home mission field. The plain fact is that millions of peo- Scientific knowledge has its limits, not temporarily but ple, quite aside from the emergency of unemploy- permanently. There are areas of our experience where ment, are living below a reasonable sustenance life essentially is and always must be an adventure into level, and that no possible extension of govern- the unknown. The chief value of knowledge is not that mental service can be expected wholly to meet it makes everything certain, but that it constitutes a their needs for the facilities of normal living. frontier backed by vast resources from which expeditions into the unknown may hopefully set out. These things have a bearing upon the service ministry of home missions. Even moreunmis- Home missions has had a value in the Church takable is the case for its evangelistic ministry. Every study of the church situation in America over and above the value of its specific accomhas indicated the uneven degree of success in winning to Christian fellowship the inhabitants of plishments in that it has kept alive the importance different sections and different types of communities. Even more significantly such studies have of' certain great human and religious questions. demonstrated the insecurity and the inadequacy of the churches upon'which many people depend. It has been a concrete demonstration of the The recent volume by Drs. Douglass and Brunner, "The Protestant Church as a Social Institution," Church's concern for human welfare in the broadreveals the fact that the average church both in city and country is below the point of effective- est and most fundamental sense of that term. ness in program, leadership, financial strength and membership. It is pointed out that between Really to apprehend and accept the full signifi- 1,000 and 1,500 rural churches are abandoned every year and that many of these are in commu~ cance of the missionary movement implies comnities which do not receive adequate service from any other existing churches. Thus the rural mitment to the principles of social justice and areas continguous to most cities and towns, the economically retarded areas, generally, and many universal brotherhood. It is still too true that thousands of scattered rural neighborhoods in all parts of the country, are deprived of effective many people are held back in their advancement Christian leadership and service. by handicaps for which they have not been respon- sible and which they cannot overcome unaided.

Many are the victims of arbitrary and unChris- tian discriminations. One Christian mission to America is not completed by preaching the Gospel and by the performance of kindly services for those who are in need-important as these are.

It would not be completed thus, even if all indi- vidual Americans were nominally won to an ac- ceptance of Christian discipleship. Implicit in the task is the making Christian of our collective life and beyond that the christianizing of our total influence as a nation in the world. This frontier of ideas and ideals lies all around us.

Here, then, are four Louisiana aspects of the frontier Purchase which still persist. They do not wear quite the same face as in genera- Ceded by in tions past. They have Mexico different symbols and 1848 must be met with differ- 1 7 8 g e n t measures, but to as great a degree as ever in the past they demand from the C h u r c h of.

Christ a pioneering en- LATER ADDITIONS thusiasm, an unquench- Alaska Territory able zeal and an uncon- Hawaii and Guam Puerto Rico quering faith. The Philippines Virgin Islands, W. I.

"CHARACTER MAKES CITIZENSHIP – RELIGION BUILDS CHARACTER"

was the slogan of the St. John's Lutheran Church School in the civic parade at Allentown, Pennsylvania.

Thirteen nationalities were represented in. national costumes.

The Problem of Unassimilated Americans By the REV. W. C. SCHAEFFER, Allentown, Pa.

Pastor of the St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church T HE presence of the foreigner among us to agitation and incitement to violence that aim again raises an issue that is acute. Sentiment at the destruction of constitutional government and interest in this matter advance and re- and at the overthrow of our institutions. Sixteen cede in waves. For years the attitude is one of such agencies under long range direction by the apathy or aloofness and then suddenly some crisis Russian Soviet are said to be operating here and shocks us to awareness of.the number, vigor and a sharp curb should be put on radicalism foment- origins of our newer immigrants. In times of ed from alien sources. Confirmed terrorists also danger or distress unassimiIated groups are held offer a knotty problem that cannot be handled in suspicion as a menace or a burden and great softly.

need arises for the exercise of fairness and right Moreover the crisis created by non-employment judgment. seems greatly intensified by the unassimilated The many angles to this question defy identical mass of foreign population. Much capital has treatment. Some phases call for highly special- been made of the use of the uncanny coincidence ized skills of trained experts in government de- that the number of unnaturalized aliens plus the partments. None of us are for unbridled license illegal entrants, 5,748,760, equals roughly the [271 ]

total number of our unemployed workers.. These It was in answer to the world's great need that figures can be repeated carelessly enough to imply the Son of God came as the world's Saviour. that the sole responsibility for the present unem.- ployment situation rests with this group. Need offers the challenge to the Church to strengthen rather than reduce the ministering In any case certainly the cure does nQtlie in forces. Jesus' word is "the whole need not a precipitate action making for nominal citizenship. physician but they that are sick." Not survival This high privilege should be sought only on the basis of mature judgment and conviction, a mat- but conquest is the fit slogan of the Church. ter of character not of expediency. Pressure A first approach can be based on that which is directed from any other motive will work disastrously. Isaac F. Marcosson said recently, best in the background of the groups to be influ- enced. Many foreigners who do not impress us Although millions of aliens refrain from assuming the even as literate because of their struggle· with a strange language can order their thoughts coherobligations of citizenship because of indifference or lack ently, have a highly developed sense of apprecia- of conviction, which makes for divided loyalty, others are tion in music and art. Indeed a frequent obstacle is encountered in their loss of respect because glad to do so because of the ~irage of easy money. Since many customs current here run counter to supe- the agitation for the Townsend plan, naturalization of- ficers, particularly in California, have done a booming rior customs prevalent in the old world. In the mind of many aliens culture is more important business with sixty-year and older aliens eager to get under the Utopian umbrella. The prospect of $200 a month for the rest of their lives is obviously a far more than outward acctimmulation which is too gener- ally accepted as a symbol of success among us. potent lure to citizenship than safety and succor under Their filial obedience and'fiqelity in religious obthe American flag. . servance often rise. up ito shame us. In many centers Young Women's' GhristianAssociations have done a noble work. . Groups of fo;reigners are encouraged to give expression "in folk. f~sti­ vals and homeland exhibits to that whicp is p()te~…

and characteristic racially. Often these are liIiked with exhibits of production here that mak~ easy the transition in thought from their native home to the home of their adoption. .

But much more is needed to knit into our na- tional fabric the lives of our new Americans. This is a matter of character and character is the fruit of religion. This is the business of the Church. The point of contact here is in the ris- FOREIGN BORN PREPARING FOR NATURALIZATION ing generation. In the old world, because of the prevalence in most countries of the es,tablished Despite all these difficulties it is amazing how church, religious instruction is incorporated in the most of them dissolve under the application the scheme of general education. We do not have of faith. The problem is largely one of penetra- this in America and we do not want it. But in tion into the isolation of these people's separate our system of education we are under a queer existence and this is the purpose of Christianity. obsession in our interpretation of the principles The crux is not in the barriers raised by the of the founders. Their idea of religious freedom communities of foreigners as much as in the reluctance to function on the part of the people whose was a freedom to cultivate faith and piety. We very business is goodwill. In every community exercise our freedom to neglect faith and piety. where there are foreigners there are churches; As Dr. Butler said last December in his address these churches should constantly be exerting the to the trustees of Columbia University, "So far spirit of interest and helpfulness and serVice that as tax supported schools are concerned, an odd becomes a bond of union and leads to oneness of ideals, aspirations and desires. situation has arisen. The separation of Church and State is fundamental in our American politi- This calls for much reconstruction of thought on the part of the followers of Christ. It is the cal order, but so far as religious instruction is rep:r-oach of Protestant churches that they retreat concerned, this principle has been so far departed under the pressure of need in adversely-changing from as to put the whole force and influence of environments. This is reversing the Divine order. the tax-supported school on the side of one ele- ment of the population-namely that which is pagan and believes in no religion wha,tever . . . The school would. refrain from religious instruc- tion of any type, but it would also cease from a

THE PROBLEM OF UNASSIMILATED AMERICANS

policy which now makes it impossible for the song was arranged to which the children invited family or the church to put religious instruction their parents. A beginning was made with an upon its true basis." Then Dr. Butler declared old-fashioned magic lantern; then a balopticon that the allotment of a definite time for religious was secured; then a silent/ motion picture proteaching away from the school building would jector and now improved sound for a community lead parents and children "to look upon religious night that repeats its program three times and instruotion as vitally important and as constitut- attracts three thousand people. This community ing an essential part of the process of education." night has built up a Sunday church night which We record the solemn conviction that the real draws many of the same audience, and in which menace in America is not in the limited group of familiar visual projection aides are used for the agitators of violence but in the ever-growing hymns and even for portions of the liturgical number of the rising generation, estimated today service. In these ways a whole community of at about seventeen million, whose lives are un- divergent and often hostile elements has been reached by any positive religious influence whom brought together in the spirit of understanding we are yielding up as legitimate prey for exploita- and goodwill. tion. In their hands rests the destiny of our country. Incidentally the life of the church. becomes transformed. Instead of an ailing, anemic church Our foreign population need not be a liability there grows a vigorous, flourishing church. There but an asset. In one great industrial center this are the verve and zest of an enthusiasm that is has been demonstrated in an experiment running born only in engagement in a redemptive task over the past sixteen years. A congregation that and mission. Standards of sacrifice and generosfound itself in the midst of a rapidly-changing ity are set that deepen spirituality and widen the environment made a survey of the pupils in the sphere of influence. A church school whose spirit public school located in the same block with the ordinarily is as dryas dust rises on a tide of church and was amazed to learn that its enroll- youthful devotion. The very neglected groups set ment embraced twenty-two nationalities. Among a tempo for action and movement that changes a the elementary pupils 157 were found who never staid and discouraged congregation into a lifeattended any church school. A weekday school giving source of energy and power. of religion was organized for intensive training in Christian life and leadership on the basis of a This is the Church's contribution to the soluthorough-going study of God's Word. In the first tion of our country's greatest problem. Ours is year the roster of students embraced seventeen nationalities as follows: American, English, Ger- the unenviable reputation of being the most lawman, Italian, Hungarian, Slavish, Austrian, Jew- less nation on earth. Crime cost in excess of ish, Negro, Lithuanian, Russian, Czecho-Slovak- twelve billion dollars last year. Each year we ian, Polish, Hellenic, Irish, French and Swiss. have about twelve thousand homicides, a thousand This school has grown in influence until now there a month. In 1933 over 350,000 persons were comare some 869 pupils enrolled with a faculty staff of mitted to penal institutions, the majority of whom 46 members with daily operation on released time were young .men who never had any religious from the public school. There are approved chan- training. Perhaps some people come by crime nels for registering self-expression in behavior, stUdiousness, witnessing, stewardship and serv- honestly. Nearly all crime can be controlled at ice. Among the teachers each year are fourteen the source by a new conception and a new directo sixteen college students who have the ministry tion being given to growing life. This is the in view and who acquire an invaluable training essence of the mission of Christianity. that will enable them in the future to face with a sense of ease and mastery the grave problems Our day needs a new and vivid interpretation confronting the Church today. It has been proved of Pentecost. Before the Spirit descended on that the one unanswerable argument that can be Peter his speech lacked something. It was wholly put into the mouth of youth today with which provincial. He cowered with dread under the to meet the criticism aimed at the Church is a taunt of a maidservant who challenged him with, changed life, a rich, full life in Christ. "Surely thou art a Galilean for thy speech betray- eth thee." But after Pentecost Peter's language Early in this experience it was learned that it struck a universal note, "Behold, are not all these is not enough to lift children for an hour or two which speak Galileans? And how hear we every a week out of an environment into which they man in our own tongue, wherein we were born? sink back only to revert to type. This was like Parthians, and Medes, and Elamites, and the bailing out a bucketful only for the flood of waters dwellers in Mesopotamia, and in Judea, and Capto pour in again. An evening of pictures and padocia, in Pontus, and Asia . . ." There is one universal language. It is the language of the heart, of love-God's love in Christ.

versus the "Isms"

By REV. GAlUS GLENN ATKINS, D.D., Auburn, New York Author of "Modern Religious Cults and MOtJements," etc.

"ISM" is no word at all, only three letters- It is easy to make all this too remote and the- neither verb, noun, adjective nor adverb- ological, but the practical bearing is plain. Un- just a suffix, and yet a good dictionary has less there is something detached from our con- trouble enough telling what it does to the words fusions, perplexities, even our most promising to which it is added. It changes an act to a programs, we are simply lost in our own fog.

process, a· condition to a theory, a quality to a There is all about us an entangling play of inter- peculiarity, the specific to the general and a prin- ests, each one of which wants to use everything ciple or a program to a state of mind. Finally we else for its own ends, no one of which is ample make a poor, indefinite kind of noun out of it and enough or final enough for the meanings and des- write or talk about "isms," usually to condemn tiny of life. The Church reflects this. It has them, unless they happen to be our favorite shaped so much of its life to fit the patterns of "isms." There can never have been more of this this or that order. An entangled Church cannot than just now. One has only to begin to make a speak to a world of hates and fears and hopes as list of the "ism" words in current use to find that it ought. But Jesus Christ can. For the sake of out. The list would include politics, economics, what is timeless and divine Christianity must not sociology, religion, the whole field of contempora- be captured by lesser interests, used for "ism"

neous thought and action, and before one finished ends.

it there would be a new one. The list itself would Its supreme service is to approach life from the represent the confusions and the quests of a con- outside and from above. And for the sake of our fused and questing time – our present general human interests, it must not permit itself to be state of mind. confined by any social, political or economic pat- Christianity is caught in it all, unescapably. tern. Its mission has always been to save them Christianity has always had enough "isms" of its from themselves. There are ways of living and own. It still has many of the old ones and many working together through which the essential disturbing new ones, or else the old have simply spirit of Christ can express itself better than changed their clothes. It is also involved in the others. No doubt of that. It cannot, we are be- social, political and economic confusions as never ginning to see, be true to itself in many aspects before. Some deny it (a stronger word is really of what we now call capitalism. Some would go needed), some use it, a few are trying to capture much farther. That soulless system, they say, is it. What can it do? What ought it to do? No alien and hostile to the corporate expression of the one can answer those questions finally at present, Christian spirit. Militant nationalism is even least of all in the limits of a brief article. more profoundly impossible for a real Christian- 1. Christianity must, I think, keep above and ity, militarism is utterly un-Christian. But apart from any of them. It is more than anyone Christianity is more than the putting an end to of them; it is more than all of them together- any or all of these.

even when they are friendly and offer themselves There are defensible ideals of a Christian social as fulfillments of the Christian way and spirit. order which have much in common with Socialism, It has a nature and authority above the changing even with the wide and fraternal sharing of re- tides. Any historian would say that Christianity source and production, which lies behind Com- has been an outstanding aspect of Western civ- munism-if the word could be disinfected. But ilization. The Christian historian maintains that for Christianity-to identify itself with these or it has been the pUlsing heart force of Western any form of them. is for it to surrender its mis- civilization. But Christianity is more than any sions and cease to be itself.

civilization. It is the judgment bar of civiliza- II. Christianity has the secret of the inner tions and their final control. It is not history unity which is the conditIon of escape from any speaking to God. It is God through His revelation confusion, deliverance from any "ism." Actually in Jesus Christ speaking to history. they are all marginal. Some of them in the gen- [274 ] eral field of Western religion are a ravelling out IV. Above all we need power, constant, sus- of Christianity itself. They take marginal aspects taining and enough. I would not thresh old straw; of it and make them central (plenty of illustra- but suppose we got what the most humanely gen- tions). They make a new patchwork fabric of its erous, wise and far-seeing of our social programs loose threads. Others are this or that half-truth. are after. What will sustain them beneath the So:rp.e of them oppose interest to interest, class to enormous weight of our sins and our stupidities, class, nation to nation. And most disastrously of the inertias of our habits and self-interests and, all they get into our own inside lives of faitp and above all, the resurgence of what in us is unsocial motivation and divide us ourselves into warring and hungry for power? Can we do it by the laws camps. we ourselves pass? Can we use our own au- Then in thought and deeds and words ~e pro- thority against ourselves? Well, maybe, to a de- ject this inner confusion into all our human order. gree, but there is no guarantee in that, nor in our Here more than anywhere else is the secret of all unregenerated human nature.

our confusion. The real point of departure for This is not begging a disputed question with an any deliverance must be from within the soul. evangelical phrase or offering one solution for all Here Christianity meets all the "isms." They are our problems. It goes deeper. When everything sectarian; it is catholic. They are divisive; it is said and 80 many futile things done, only should unite. They are marginal; it is central. changed men can change the world. They may They work in from the outside; Christianity works and do need to change the machinery through from the soul out. This involves far more than which they work. They need to find channels Christian unity. It involves unity in Christ, be- proper to the flow of their regenerate spirits. But ginning with the divided soul and ending with a they need power to go on, to bear, to believe, to world seamed and broken like a lava field after an hope. They need motivations which reach beyond earthquake. the present to deal with the present. They need something beyond themselves even to be them- III.. Christianity supplies the correction of the selves. partial; half-truths – or less; half-faiths – or worse; half-deliverances – or no deliverances at If there is any empowerment outside Christianall. That centrally is the weakness of every ity to do all this, those who know where and what "ism"; it is never enough. It makes one pro- it is must make their case. They have history gram, one understanding of life and God the whole against them. It may be said, must be said, that thing. And it asks us to take all our noble capac- Christianity has never found or even sought a ity for loyalty and devote it to-just itself. Na- full channel for its power, used it partially and tionalism does that everywhere. Communism through its partial use of its divine enduement does it in Russia, Socialism would like to do it. left a place for the "isms." But it has the Power Like Isaiah's image-maker, any "ism" boils the -and it is nowhere else. When we have seen the pot with one end of its idol-stuff and makes a god Cross for all it is and means and does, the Power of the other. There is no denying the intensity is there. of devotion which may thus be secured, but its very intensity burns it out and in the end defeats *** the very object of it. These points are general but they are capable One cannot even criticize justly, creatively, the of precise, definite application to every aspect of twisting, turning, questing movements of a time what the "isms"-any "ism"-of our over "ismlike ours unless he has a sovereign control from ed" world-stand for. Christianity has an office which and by which to criticize them. Some of above them, detached from them. It approaches the most brilliant of our critics are like people them with the authority of its revelations of God who would criticize a merry-go-round while rid- in Jesus Christ. And without that we are lost in ing its wooden horses. They do no more than our own confusions.

change their mount and criticize the horse they He and He alone can supply' the inner unity were just riding, from 'the next one in front of it which will save us from our divided selves and or behind it. No wonder we keep going round in their issue in a divided world order. Christianity a circle.. I know this is a loose statement but I opposes the complete to the partial, and alone has know equally that it has in it a fact which to our the authority of corre~tion. .

peril we neglect; that Christianity has in it the Christ can supply the power without which even whole truth and the whole authority without what is wisest and most promising cannot main- which we cannot see how partial everything else tain itself. In the Realm of God we find the Di- is and without which we have no place to stand if vine Order, transcending any human order, the we seek no more than to see our world steadily, only revelation which lends object and meaning to see it whole and to see it against the back- to the brief stages of our pilgrimages here-and- grounds of the will of God. now.

New Day and the Old

By REV. HUGH THOMSON KERR, D.D., Pittsburgh, Pa. )ne– Author of "Old Things New," etc.

CHRISTIANITY has had to fight for its life clean hands and sensible speech (is to draw near)"; or, in every age. It has never had an easy again, "He who is pure from all stain, conscious of no sin time. It has had to defend itself in every in his soul, and living an honorable and just life (may generation. After the early Christians had ac- approach)." Such is the cry of those who promise puricepted the call to die for Christ during the martyr fication from sins. But let us now hear what sort of centuries they were afterwards challenged to people these Christians invite. "Anyone who is a sinner," think for Christ in the creedal centuries. For they say, "or foolish, or simple-minded-in short, any un- Christianity is not only a way of life but a way of fortunate will be accepted by the Kingdom of God." By thought and it will not endure as a way of life if "sinner" is meant an unjust person, a thief, a burglar, a it fails to maintain its supremacy as a way of poisoner, a sacrilegious man, or a robber of corpses. Why, if you wanted an assembly of robbers, these are just the sort of people you would summon!

thought. Commenting on this statement, Harnack says: We are constantly speaking as if we lived in a "Here Celsus has stated, as lucidly as one could desire, the cardinal difference between Christiannew world. It is only superficially so. The real problems of life are the same today as in the day ity and ancient religion." Christianity met huof St. Paul and no one can face the conditions of manity where its needs were the greatest and, early Church history without feeling at home. where no other religion could succeed, the Gospel Indeed there is high encouragement when the his- wrought out its redemptive work. It asked for no privileges. It met humanity in whatever contory of the early Church is studied from the point dition it found it and brought to it salvation. It of view of our modern world. It was against had no special message for the rich or the culgreat odds that Christianity made its way. How tu}."ed; neither had it any special message for the it was able to win victories in circumstances and ignorant or the poor but to every man, as a man, conditions so adverse has always been a problem. Christ was offered as the one and only Saviour.

The 'secret of the triumphal march of Chris- There is hidden away in the record of the progtianity has eluded the best historians. In his ress of the Gospel the simple statement, "The dis- ciples were called 'Christians' first in Antioch." "History of the Rise and Fall of the Roman Em- That indeed was a victory! Antioch was the third pire," Gibbon set forth five reasons, namely: the city in the world, Rome and Alexandria alone surzeal of the Christians, their doctrine of immor- passing it. It held a population of half a million. tality, the working of miracles, the moral stand- Situated on the slope of Mount Silpius, with the ards of Christians, and the privilege of political broad navigable river Orontes at its feet, a bouleparticipation. Dr. T. R. Glover, with the insight vard five miles long, paved, not with asphalt or of a great Christian, says that Christianity out- cobble stones, but with the purest of white marble. lived, out-died, and out-thought the pagan world. Surrounded by a wall that clung like a natural It is open to anyone to discover the secret for barrier to the mountain eminence that overhimself. The facts are spread before us in the shadowed the city, it was a place of dreamy pages of the New Testament and it may be inter- beauty-with flowering trees, statues, colonnades, esting and helpful when there is bewilderment and bridges, baths, basilicas, villas, theatres and luxconfusion if the causes for the triumph of the ury, culture, beauty, pleasure, commerce, pagan- Gospel in the early Church be set down. ism, barbarism, superstition and heathen religion mingled there In all the rich luxuriance of the' First of all the early Church proclaimed a G()S- East. It was the melting pot of the nations. The pel. The leaders heralded a Gospel which in its immigration problem was at its crisis in Antioch, highest sense was redemptive. It dealt with sin; but it was there that Paul planted the Cross and personal sin, social sin, sin against God, and it made those laughter-loving people stand at attenpromised recovery. It made no concessions and entered into no compromises. No better statement can be found than that given in the attack upon Christianity by Celsus. This is what he said: Those who invite people to participate in other soIemni- tion. There were no Alps to Napoleon and there ties, make the following proclamation: "He who hath are and can be no obstacles to the Gospel of Jesus [276 ] Christ save in the faithless allegiance of His fol- even after the centuries have passed; the stand- lowers. ard of virtue for men and women. Writing be- Furthermore the early Church cultivated the fore 200 A. D., Clement of Alexandria made this spirit of aggressive evangelism. One hears the announcement: "Our judgment is that the virtue marching past of many feet as he opens the pages of man and woman is one and the same. For, if of the New Testament and follows the history of the. God of both is one, the instructor of both is the early Church. Start in anywhere and we hear also one; one Church, one temperate self-control, the marching of an unorganized multitude going one modesty, common food, marriage an equal forth to its work. Occasionally a sentence is yoke; breath, sight, hearing, knowledge, hope, dropped which reveals what is going on; a sen- obedience, love – all things are alike to them.

tence such as this: "The disciples were every- Those whose life is common have also a common where scattered abroad and went about preaching grace and a common salvation; their virtue and the Word." They had no set method, nor organ- their training are alike."

ized plan. They needed none, for a living faith Anyone who reads the Acts or the Epistles in requires no .fixed method. For centuries this pas- the New Testament will realize that faith was sion for evangelism burned like a flame in the never a substitute for good deeds and that the heart of the Christian Church. Everything was discipline of the Church in relation to moral be- informal, impersonal, and men and women spoke havior was rigorously severe. It has always been the message of Eternal Life to neighbors, ac- true of Christianity, where it has been proclaimed quaintances and friends. They were not content in its purity that personal and social morality, to abide at home but travelled far inland in order followed as a natural fruit of the Christian life.

that the message might have free course and be It was Catherine Booth of the Salvation Army glorified. Origen, writing shortly after 200 A. D., who said to her followers before her death: "We said: "Christians do all in their power to spread will go in more and more for righteousness." It the faith all over the world. Some of them ac- is this same demand which is disturbing the con- cordingly make it the business of their life to science of the world today. The Spirit of Christ wander not only from city to city but from town- is moving through the Church demanding a higher ship to township and village to village in order standard of moral living not only personal but as to gain fresh converts for the Lord." In his related to everything in life, industry, politics, "Church History" Eusebius announces the same education; we will not go successfully forward truth: "Very many of the disciples of that age until the Church challenges the world by a new (pupils of the apostles) whose heart had been standard of personal and social righteousness.

ravished by the divine Word with a burning love One thing more – early Christianity was unfor philosophy (i. e., asceticism), had first ful- compromising. While it had the power of adaptfilled the command of the Saviour and divided ability, nevertheless it was unwavering in its detheir goods among the needy. Then they set out mand that every knee should bow to Christ. Chrison long journeys, performing the office of evan- tianity received, as through tributaries from gelists, eagerly striving to preach Christ to those every direction, the currents that came flowing in who as yet had never heard the word of faith, and from many lands; but all down through the years to deliver to them the holy gospels." Every Chris- it kept its purity and its uniqueness. At the same tian was an evangelistic missionary. Everything time it assimilated to itself modes and customs was personal and life-giving and everywhere the and languages, transforming them, utilizing them, principle was verified that one loving heart sets baptizing them into the message and meaning of all the world on fire. There is no substitute for the Gospel. What it did with customs and lanevangelism even in our sophisticated modern world and again it will return in power. guages it did ,also with diverse nationalities. It A third quality which is discernible among the lifted up into its own unique fellowship men of all early Christians was their moral earnestness. On races and of all nationalities. Here at last, from every page it is recorded that the early Chris- out of racial hatred and national isolation of the tians demanded not ecstasy and enthusiasm, but ancient world, Parthians and Medes and Elamites honest-hearted virtue and supreme moral values. and the dwellers in Mesopotamia and in Judea, The fruit of the Spirit, said Paul, is not ecstasy Jews and Greeks, Cretans and Arabians, but "love, joy, peace, long suffering, gentleness, heard in their own tongue the mighty works of goodness, faith, meekness, temperance." Every- God. It repudiated barriers of nationality; it where and always Christianity has stood for moral claimed humanity as its field and the communion regeneration, for a clean life, for the stricest sort table became the social center of a world-wide of honesty, purity and undefiled righteousness. fellowship.

Take, for example, one issue that is still debated We are being told today that if Christianity is

to endure it must pool its interests with other reli- That inference is not new. Modern perplexity gions; that in order to ward off the attack of god- repeats the age-old problem. The Church of the lessness we must make common cause with all Roman Empire faced it under vastly more allurother faiths. We are told that it is the whole ing circumstances but the Christians of that day line that is endangered and not only the Christian refused to compromise. Instead of lowering the salient. It is a massed attack upon the whole standard of the Cross they lifted it higher. In spiritual concept of life. It is proclaimed on every the words of Dr. William Kemp Lowther Clarke hand that the inherent goodness of man can work of Cambridge, a very competent historical scholar: out his own destiny; that we do not need to postulate God; He is a projection of our wish-think- Had the Church really conformed to Gentile patterns ing. Prayer is defined as emotional release; sin there would have been no persecutions. Paganism had no is called an inferiority complex. Conversion is objection to welcoming Jesus into the Pantheon. But just looked upon as infantile regression. Religion is because Christianity continued true to its Jewish origin, diagnosed as pathological. Walter Lippmann it was fanatically intolerant of rival creeds. For this readramatizes the letting down of the curtain upon son the early Church is an unattractive spectacle to many the great Scenario. He is not happy about the modern men, for whom there is no absolute truth, no final end but he wants to be honest. To many who religion; but because of this the Church survived the were in the audience, he writes: break-up of civilization whereas its mighty rivals have passed away from the memory of all but professional It is now evident that they have seen a play, a mag- scholars. nificent play, one of the most sublime ever created by the human imagination, but nevertheless a play, and not a It is not the modern world or the new age that literal account of human destiny. They know it was a challenges the old Gospel. It is the Gospel that play. They have lingered long enough to see the scene- challenges our age. And a deeper reading of hisshifters at work. The painted drop is half rolled up; tory will tell us that Christ is at work in our world some of the turrets of the celestial city can still be seen, and because His Spirit is at work the waters are and part of the choir of angels. But behind them, plainly troubled and many are afraid. There are things visible, are the struts and gears which held in place what we prize that our children may commit to the under a gentler light looked like the boundaries of the uni- wastebasket but the faith of the New Testament verse. They are only human fears and human hopes, and will not be among them. John Masefield gives an bits of antique science and half-forgotten history, and sym- interview between Longinus-the traditional name bols here and there of experiences through which some in each generation pass. of the Roman centurion who had charge of the crucifixion and whose words "truly this was a Because the foundations of all faith are being righteous man" are found in the Gospel-and Proundermined the inference drawn by some is that cula, the traditional name of Pilate's wife who there should be a consolidation of all spiritual sought to save Jesus from the Cross. At the close forces in order to maintain a religious interpreta- of the day when the crucifixion was at an end, tion of life. This is part of the appeal of "Re- Longinus came to give in his report to Pilate. thinking Missions." The argument runs: When it was ended Procula called the centurion aside and asked him to tell her how Jesus had It is no longer, Which prophet? or Which book? It is died. The centurion told the story calmly and whether any prophet, book, revelation, rite, church, is to then Procula said to him: be trusted. All the old oracles are seeing a new sign: the scorn on the faces of students who know the experiments "So you think He is dead?" in anti-religion in Russia and nonreligion in Turkey, and :the actual religionlessness of much western life. The chief "No, lady, I don't," Longinus replied. foe of these oracles is not Christianity, but the anti-religious element of the philosophies of Marx, Lenin, Russell. "Then where is He," said Procula. The case that must now be stated is the case for any religion at all…. Thus it is that Christianity finds itself "Let loose in the world, lady," Longinus replied, in point of fact aligned. in this world-wit.le issue with the "where neither Roman nor Jew can stop His non-Chrstian faiths of Asia. truth."

Seek ye first the kingdom of God, and all these things shall be added unto you. Luke 12: 31.

Such is the promise; how about the fact? Look back over your life. Have you sought first the extension of God's rule and the incorporation into your own life of His righteousness?

If so, have you in a life of consecrated service actually suffered from want?

"When I sent you forth without purse, or script, or shoes," says the Master, "lacked ye anything?" Like them we must answer, "Nothing." Has one promise of the Lord, in which you rested in faith, failed you? Imagination may picture to us possible want in the future; but when memory draws the scenes on the canvas of the past, she witnesses that, to all His Word, He is faithful that promised. ARTHUR T. PIERSON.

OLD MOUNTAIN HOME NEAR PITTMAN CENTER, TENNESSEE PITTMAN CENTER, WHERE MOUNTAINEERS ARE

Transforming a Gap in the Mountains By JAYS. STOWELL, Philadelphia, Pa. -.~ Director of the Bureau of Publicity, Board of Home Missions, }5t— Methodist Episcopal Church MORE than twenty years ago a home mis- the big world the story was told, friends became sionary wandered into a lonely mountain interested, and after some years things began region some miles from Sevierville, Ten- to happen. nessee. To reach his destination, he had been Human welfare is closely associated with buildobliged to cross and recross a turbulent mountain ings. The first building was erected in this gap.

stream and to pick his way over and around boul- Nothing like it had ever been seen in those Tenders, stumps, ruts, and other impediments which nessee mountains. It was tall, long, and broad; had accumulated over a long period of years, dur- in it were many rooms in which many sorts of ing which ·nature and a rather sluggish mountain helpful activities could be carried on. The build- folk had done little to change the tenor of a life ing was more than a school, for it was a place of which was already one hundred years behind that recreation, a church, and, in the best sense, a in the world outside. There was much of igno- community center. Many who had never before rance, a great deal of superstition, and a general seen so large a building came from the cracks and feeling that things were what they were and that crannies of the mountain to share in the pro- there was little that could be done about the mat- grams, the like of which they had never before ter. There was a type of religion, but of the experienced. Gradually there began to grow up crudest sort, and its leaders were uncouth and around this imposing building neat but smaller untutored. Moonshining prevailed and frequent structures where workers could live and where violence was expected. Many boys and girls were other programs could be carried on.

growing up with no education and even those who One of these new buildings was a medical cenattended the crude mountain schools got but a few ter, and, before long, a doctor was placed in weeks of indifferent attention each year from a charge of the medical program. From time al- relatively untrained teacher. most immemorial, the people. in these mountains Such a situation was enough to stir the hardest had been born, lived, and died without any proheart, but it did more than that in the. sympathetic fessional medical attention. A nurse was emmIssIOnary. It aroused his deepest sympathies ployed and traveled up the streams, carrying her and his most profound interest. Something had ministry of health to people who had never known to be done, but the resources of mountain cabins, what a nurse was intended to do. Boys and girls where regular cash incomes were almost un- and men and women were found to be suffering known, were not sufficient to meet the need. In from all sorts of unnecessary diseases; there was [279 ]

ignorance concerning the most rudimentary laws fruit, but the mountaineers did not know how of health; the death rate was amazingly high, to take advantage of their opportunities. Acand nothing but an equally amazing large birth cordingly, apple trees and other fruit trees, serate kept the population from extinction. Opera- cured for a few cents each, were made available tions needed to be performed and chronic phys- for planting. That was not many years ago and ical ailments were cured. In order that the moun- yet today thousands of bushels of apples are pro- duced in that territory where, a few years ago, DR. THOMAS INOCULATING SCHOOL CHILDREN AT there was almost no fruit. Similar improvements PITTMAN CIDNTER, TENNESSEE were carried on in the growing of tomatoes and various garden vegetables. This development may tain people might not feel that they were recip- be traced directly to the missionary who had. a ients of charity, a charge was made for this vision. medical service, although cash payments were often not possible, and the pay came in the form It was discovered that the mountain women had of the simple products which the mountaineer considerable skill in the weaving of rugs and the could raise on his own few acres, or could capture making of baskets and in other lines of handicraft. by use of his gun in the woods. A great new day These' home industries were developed and a began to dawn up and down the creeks along market was found for the products. As a result, which the mountain people usually live. The mis- thousands of dollars have come into the commusionary was not content with a well organized edu- nity from the outside world for these hand-made cational program and a medical ministry, added to products. the religious ministry which provided reverent worship, religious training for boys and girls and Community pride was stimulated in many ways, a continuous pastoral ministry in the mountain but perhaps in no way more effectively than by homes. the promotion of the annual fair for which people from the mountains worked for months. Home- It did not require a Solomon to arrive at the grown vegetables were exhibited and housewives conclusion that, to a considerable extent, the inadequate economic opportunities of the people ac- ENCOURAGING MOUNTAIN HANDICRAFT AT PITTMAN CENTER counted for the distressing conditions. It was not possible to move these mountain people from their homes and from the little mountain homesteac;ls which they had come to love. But there were things that could be done. Most of the mountain folk had one or more cows, but these were often of a low grade, so that the milk supply was poor. The missionary began to take steps toward the improvement of the cattle strain and very marked progress was made. A similar plan was followed with pigs and chickens, so that the old razorback hog, always an unprofitable creature, became well-nigh extinct. Broods of fine pullets were loaned and the pay taken in a part of the proceeds so that before long a better grade of poultry was found around mountain cabins. The mountainsides were well adapted to the raising of

ITINERANT MINISTRIES IN REMOTE PLACES

vied with each other in preparing the most beau- It might be possible to give figures concerning tiful displays of canned vegetables and fruits. the number of young people who have attended Pamphlets were obtained from the Government and graduated from this school; to point out the in order that the best methods of canning might number of home calls made by the visiting nurse; be used. Many of the products of mountain to list the number of babies ushered into the homes, such as rugs, coverlets, baskets, and the world by a trained doctor; to count the number like were also displayed at these fairs. of diseased tonsils removed; to estimate the tons of foodstuffs produced; to enumerate the number Next attention was given to roads and today, of persons who have joined the church or proinstead of wandering about through the bed of fessed conversion in the religious meetings held, the stream and crossing and recrossing through or to set down many other tables of facts which the water, as one approaches this gap in the could be assembled concerning this work. But mountain, we can drive over a good road ang none of them by themselves nor all of them toreach our destination in relative comfort. gether, can quite tell the story, for the life that this humble home missionary, with his assistants, The enterprise was given the name of Pittman has brought into the dark caverns of the moun- Center from one of its chief benefactors. To an tains, is something beyond ordinary tabulation. outsider there is nothing particularly romantic, It can only be written in the Book of Life itself, poetic or imposing about the name, but it means and when that is written, the -story of the Tennesmuch to those who have watched Pittman Center see mountains must have a very important chapgrow during the past fifteen years and to those ter devoted to Pittman Center and to the Rev. who have shared in its ministry. To thousands J. S. Burnett, a missionary of the Gospel of Jesus of boys and girls and young people in the moun- Christ, who, while laboring in a crack in the tains it has meant opportunity for education, for mountains, caught a vision which he has, to some religious training, and for a new outlook upon life extent at least, been able to transform into a which never would have been theirs had the home reality. mission forces of the country overlooked this gap in a rather rugged and forbidding country.

Itinerant Ministries in Remote Places By REV. COE HAYNE, New York Department of Publicity, Literature and Research, The American Baptist Home Mission Society THE historian's assertion that our geograph- flows continually. About this spring and the dam ical frontiers have vanished may lead us to that has been constructed below it is a cluster of forget that cities are still giving birth to oak trees beneath which in the old days the Indowntown tenements and uptown suburbs and that dians were accustomed to resort. Rev. C. F. homesteading still goes on. Great numbers of Brown, colporteur-missionary in a great section people in urban and rural sections of America of North Dakota, each year plans to hold an allhave no religious privileges afforded them except day service on the Diamond C Ranch especially by virtue of the activities of devoted home mis- for the Russian people who have settled upon sionaries. While there are no longer great areas homesteads in large numbers although widely sepnewly opened to settlement there are still vast arated. Many others attend. The last round-up spiritual areas unexplored. Thousands of homes of the kind was held Sunday, July 29,1934. Three are still far removed from organized churches and hundred people attended, some traveling over just around the corner in every settled com- twenty miles to do so. As usual seats were armunity are neighbors languishing spiritually for ranged under the trees. Three speakers, includwant of Christian sympathy and companionship. ing a Russian, gave four messages during the day. A Sunday school session was held in the forenoon. Gospel Round-up on the "Diamond 0" An hour was devoted to dinner. The dam below the spring provided deep, clean water for a bap- On the southern slope of the Killdeer Moun- tismal service. In 1934 two and in 1933 sixteen tains, North Dakota, sprawls the Diamond C were baptized here. Ranch. The property is blessed with a spring that

A Funeral in the Killdeer Oountry open and said, 'This is the only shirt I have. The last time my wife washed this for me, I had to go Early in October, following the service on the to bed until it was dry.' Diamond C Ranch, Missionary Brown went about fifty miles to begin services in a Russian Baptist "Well, what would you have done in this. case? Church. This is the only Russian Baptist Church I said to him, 'Come out to the car, I have some in the Killdeer Mountain territory. It has no pas- clothes you may be able to make use of. We went tor. The deacons carryon the preaching services. out to the car and I began to take the clothes out. Then I decided to take them into the house where As soon as Mr. Brown arrived in the community his wife and little girl were. I gave them two or he heard that a baby girl, six months old, had died three nice new Turkish towels, a second-hand coat that day in a Greek Catholic home. There are no for the oldest girl, a second-hand pair of stock- Greek Catholic priests for the Russians in that ings for the mother, a warm jacket for the smallarea and Mr. Brown's visit to this home was ac- est girl, hats for four of the family and a sack of ceptable to the family. marbles for the smallest girl. This is all I had. They thanked me over and over for the things, Mr. Brown continues the story: then after kneeling in prayer and praying for "I went over twice that day to the home and the them, and thanking God for the givers who made last time, after reading the Bible and praying, I this giving possible, I took my departure. Later was about to leave when the father of the little I took some second-hand shirts to the man." girl followed me to the door. I turned and asked him if he had engaged anyone to take charge of A Skeleton Key Admits Sixty the funeral. He said, 'No.' Then he asked me if I was going to be around there at the time of the "I had announced a preaching service at a coun· funeral, and I told him that I was and that I could try schoolhouse for October 14th in the evening," help if he wished me to. He said that would be continues Missionary Brown of North Dakota. all right. Evidently he had intended to have the "So far as I know no service has ever been held baby taken out and buried without any funeral as there before. When we got there all was dark. he could not afford to pay for a Greek Catholic 1 got out my skeleton key which I always carry service. in the car and unlocked the building. When we "The next day we deposited the casket into the lighted a light we saw that all the contents were rear end of a truck without an undertaker and piled up in the center of the room for they had started for the church near the cemetery. When been painting the inside. Well, we moved things we got there and took the casket out, two or three around and got things in shape for a service. asked me if they should take the body into the When it was time to begin there were fifteenpeochurch to which I answered 'Certainly.' You see pIe present, and by the time they stopped coming some of the people believed that as the baby had there must have been fifty-five or sixty present. not been baptized and therefore was unsaved its Half of them had to stand up. Everyone was body should not be taken into the church. We surprised to see the rest there, and it was certainly took the casket in and had a 'real' funeral service an agreeable surprise to me. Two weeks later we for the little one. This made a deep impression organized a Sunday school in that schoolhouse." on the parents. They invited me. home for supper and insisted on my staying there several nights Oonversion of An Aged Pioneer during the meetings that followed." The parish of Rev. J. S. Umberger of Okanogan, While the Turkeys Fed on Grasshoppers Washington, is said to be the largest county in the United States save one. Okanogan County ex- "On the 11th of October," wrote Missionary tends 88 miles east and west and 100 miles north Brown of North Dakota, "I stopped at a Russian and south, and contains 18,000 white and 2,500 farmhouse. The man was standing in the yard. Indians. Most of the members of the church, We spoke and I remarked that it was a nice day. which is the only Baptist church in the county, He said, 'It isn't very nice. The weather and live in rural communities, many miles from everything else is wrong. There is no money, no Okanogan. The nearest church of the same comfeed for the stock, nothing to eat, and no clothes.' munion is the First Baptist Church of Wenatchee, 93 miles away. Up Salmon Creek Valley twelve "While I was talking with him, his oldest daugh- miles reside several members of the church. Apple' ter came out and drove the turkeys out into the orchards, cattle raising and mining engage their sun-scorched fields to feed on grasshoppers as attention. During fall and winter the roads bethere was no feed for them at the house. The come impassable and church attendance from that coyotes had killed twenty-one of the turkeys section falls away. From Conconuly eighteen awhile before and now they had to herd them. miles north come a number of members; also from Malott, Omak, Orville, Riverside, Tanasket "I urged him to come out to our services, but he said he had no fit clothes. He pulled his jacket

WORKING FOR THE MIGRANT WORKERS

and Loomis. During the summer, on Communion minded him that she would not cease to pray for Sundays, people drive in from points as distant as him. Orville, 54 miles north, Peteros 34 miles south and various points between. The Methow Valley, 68 Two months later the worship service at Okanomiles away, contributes its quota of worshipers. gan was interrupted by a messenger from an- Out of the thirteen families on the Indian reserva- other old pioneer who lay dying at his home in tion eleven miles east of the Columbia River that Riverside, twenty-one miles away, asking if Mr. are engaged in grain and stock raising, nine are Umberger would come to his bedside. The pastor represented in the church membership. left his pulpit at once turning the service over to Mrs. Umberger. He reached the dying man in During a week in the Loomis neighborhood, time to hear his testimony of faith. "I knew that fifty-four miles northwest of Okanogan, Mr. Um- you would help me just as you did that old man at berger was heartened by the conversion of a Loomis," he told the missionary. Two days later pioneer eighty-four years of age who related that he passed away and a large number of people fifty-eight years before his mother in bidding him from the countryside gathered to honor his good-bye when he left his Indiana home had re- memory.

Working for the Migrant Workers By ADELA J. BALLARD, San Francisco, California Western Supervisor of Migrant Work; Council of Women ~- for Home Missions T HE family case worker of the local social of the families you are caring for work every agency receives the anxious-faced nurse re- possible hour. But if migratory Tommy Jones luctantly. Both know too well the result of needs a crutch or a pair of glasses or hospitalizathe forthcoming interview. Just inside the door tion both the counties in which the work has been of the office stands a migratory family-father done will repudiate responsibility for the needs and mother shabbily dressed with two small chil- of the migrant. Meanwhile the migratory worker dren clinging to the mother's skirts, a child of two who is giving honest service sees the transient, years or less in the father's arms shows decided who has refused to work, getting aid! He gets a signs of malnutrition. free ride and food allowance to take him back to his home. Show me how to cut the red tape Case worker (helplessly)-"I know all you say . . ." Her tone as she left the final sentence is true. The family has worked. They are will- unfinished was most expressive. ing to take any possible work. They came in response to agricultural need. The work has not The nurse nodded curtly. In her heart she paid a living wage, to say nothing of providing knew that the case worker was helpless and that for the period between the harvests. But you the case worker knew she was aware of the hopeknow how my hands are tied. These people are lessness of the situation. The nurse turned toneither residents nor are they citizens!" ward the door without attempt at argument. The migratory family followed disconsolately. Nurse (heatedly)-"No, but they are hungry and homeless. The work has been done within the "The only way we kin git to be resident," venstate. They are not cross:-state migrants. All tured the man timidly as he bundled his family of the year has been spent in two counties. They into the auto, "is to jus' quit tryin' to fin' work have served the community and the children are an' jus' hang on here! Cotton don't make a livin' citizens." all year no way. We might git on relief then, but once ye git on an' ye take a day's work ye git off! Case worker (sympathetically)-"Granted. But An' ye'll starve good'n dead afore ye git on agin! (frowning and speaking sarcastically) relief is Looks like they jus' use us and thin fergit us!" organized on the basis of citizenship and residence. We do not think it best to care for the "No!" corrected the nurse. "Isn't the grower transient. He has a residence somewhere and allowing you free housing while you wait for may be returned to his home at public expense another' harvest?" even though he is deliberately seeing the world on relief funds! I'm aware of the fact that most "Yep," agreed the man. "He's been right good I" And then. slowly, "But we want work!

We don't want charity. If we work fer what the ing with bitterness, a ready prey to the agitator grower kin pay, the 'pinkies' [communists] tell us advising strikes, hunger marches and violence.

they'll bust our heads, iffen e work fer less than This is particularly true in these days when many they say. We know the grower don' git nuff to of the workers of a higher type have been forced pay no such money an' though he sez he'll pertect out of steady employment and into the ranks of us, an' he duz while we'er workin', when we git the migrating throng. in town then hell ketches us. So what's a feller Lack of funds restrict home mission work for the migratory laborer, but in a few selected areas goin' ter do!" enough has been done to prove that the social and The nurse, serving under the Council of Women the religious agencies may lighten all of life for for Home Missions, felt herself unable to answer the wandering group. The results have convinced the question. The problem of the one worker was the community, the grower, the county, federal the problem of two million other workers in the and church agencies that earlier effort to lift , agricultural areas of the United States, and it is standards in the migrant camps failed because of not only the problem of the adult worker. These lack of cooperation between agencies and not attitudes on the part of the state and county because of the lack of response on the part of the migratory laborer.

In one state an officer in the Department of Immigration and Housing observed the work done by the Council of Women for Home Missions in an area where there was little local cooperation.

He invited the missionary nurse into an area where thousands of migratory workers were used and where he would be able to secure intelligent cooperation from various agencies. Four years ago the work began. This season the program as planned is a good example of what can be done in many other localities.

Instead of many scattering camps, difficult to supervise, there will be two large camps. Floors will be provided for the tent city. There will be a full time doctor for the period of the harvest.

Water has been piped into the camps and showers provided for the workers. There will be a camp supervisor for each camp and the missionary nurse to take full charge of the nursing service '

for the camps. The religious and character edu- cational programs are acknowledged to be an essential part of the work in the camps. The county provides the funds for the support of the A MIGRANT WORKER'S TYPICAL TENT HOME nurse and for the doctor. The local community pays for the lease of the camp site; the S. E. R. A.

relief agencies condition the lives of two hundred for the set-up and better sanitation and for the thousand children whose parents follow the crops. camp supervisors. Local club and church women The migratory wQrker has stated the problem will give volunteer aid of ·various types. A local justly. He recognized the helplessness of the church woman has foregone a month of rent for grower to overcome economic handicaps or to her flat in order that it may be reserved for the protect the migratory laborer from the threat of use of the missionary nurse.

the professional agitator. NOr can the grower help But it was the Church which began this pro- the migratory family to secure residence unless gram and the response is the influence which has he encourages them to become applicants for re- brought about an intelligent cooperation on the lief; few areas and no one crop can give contin- part of the migratory workers. It took not pro- uous employment. In order to obtain citizenship fessional nursing skill alone, but an understand-, there must be residence within a community for ing friendliness, to win the migratory family and a period of years! This is generally impossible introduce an educational program which will for the agricultural worker. The fact that the change habits of life and types of thought.

state and the county in which the work has been Out of the years of service in this one commu- done repudiates responsibility leaves hearts seeth- nity has grown a consciousness of the interrela-

tion of all of life. Religious education alone or stop violence and safeguard the migratory work- health service alone could not meet the need. The ers. The treatment of the Filipino in the agricul- Missionary Council had no right to lift from the tural camps, the attitude of the local communities, community the responsibility for the better hous- the prejudice against the East Indian, are other ing, sanitation, health and social relationships of instances where conditions in migratory groups this group serving in the state; but it could and threaten to disturb international relations.

did lead in creating attitudes which recognized A third thing is the relation of conditions in facts and ended in cooperatively meeting the need. the migratory camps to Christian service abroad.

Students from other countries, especially those coming from the Orient, very often serve in agri- cultural fields to finance work in school. Many times such students are the product of missions abroad. They come to America expeclting to find Christian fellowship, but, instead of this find racial prejudice, injustice, impossible living con- ditions, intolerance. As a result faith in Chris- tianity dies and word goes back home that Christianity does not function in America. The missionary in the Orient, and elsewhere, thus finds the work doubly hard. Unless we change our treatment of the agricultural worker from SUNDAY SCHOOL FOR MIGRANT WORKERS India, China, Japan, the Philippines we shall find the work abroad greatly hampered.

This one project is typical of the work of the Lastly, but not least, the young people of the Council in its efforts to meet the need-in the churches today are demanding a Christian ap- cotton fields, in the tobacco plantation, in fruit proach to the social and economic situation of orchards, in cannery areas, in berry patches.

Whether establishing a Christian center, a day nursery or recreational center, or the sending of a Christian nurse and a public health program, the effort is to enlist all agencies responsible for the welfare of the migratory workers. Last year fifty-seven projects were carried on by the Councn in eleven states and many thousands of lives were touched. Forty per cent of the cost of this service was paid by the growers' groups, cannery execu- tives and local communities.

The challenge to the Church is fourfold: This migratory procession numbers millions and is largely untouched by Christian influence. Its childhood is a huge segment of our future citizen- ship. If present conditions are unaltered, these children bid fair to become shifting vagabonds, illiterate and with little or no sense of community responsibility. In California figures show that .

27,000 children of school age are in the agricul- tural camps. In one town in Texas 1400 children ENJOYING A SUN BATH IN CAMP are out of the local school, working in the truck gardens for many months of the year. Thousands the age. They are seeking cooperative service of children are out of school from May to Novem- which enables all agencies, religious and social, ber following the crops in eastern areas. to work together. It has been amazing to note The influence of the general attitude toward the response when this mission work is presented migratory workers in areas where race riots take to young people's groups. One young man, hear- place is a menace to world peace. Last year the ing of it for the first time, said, "I'm sick and treatment of the Japanese going into the agricul- tired of all this fussing about things not being tural areas of the Salt River Valley, intensified evangelistic! As I read my Bible Jesus Christ Japan's resentment against America, in spite of said, 'Go out and do something.' Some of us the fact that Arizona did everything possible to have to preach by our acts, and I'll bet those

COOPERATION AND UNION IN HOME MISSIONS

people get more of a Christian message out of a makes the task more difficult. The camps that nurse rolling up her sleeves and helping them have been touched are pitifully few. when they have a sick baby or a burned kid, than from a preacher coming in once a month to The day has passed when the worker from the preach a sermon! When she goes to court with Council must beg to enter a camp in an agriculthem or puts up a good, clean recreational pro- tural area. The camps asking for a worker far gram and keeps them out of mischief-well, it's exceed the posibilities of the funds available for me for that kind of evangelism!" this cooperative service. County doctors write, "If you could come in for just one season I know And the migrant can be reached. The migra- our growers would finance the service, but they tory family does respond to friendliness. It is cannot believe the work can be done until they possible to inspire a real appreciation of better have actually seen the results." . housing; it is possible to secure better school attendance; it is possible to teach the parent the In the meantime, children are asking as did one reason for restricting his liberty in using the boy overheard after the story hour in "hops," child as a wage earner; it is possible to make of "Who's this guy, God, she's talking about!" the migratory worker a Christian American citizen-but each day of neglect of this challenge And we have not the funds with which to send workers to tell the story!

Cooperation and Union in Home Missions 4f{ I~v. WM. R. KING, D.D., New York ~- – ~ecretary of the Home Missions Council W HAT we see of cooperation and union "warring factions" and see nothing but confusion among the Protestant churches of America and unholy rivalry. Most critics lack historic per- today depends upon the extent of our ob- spective. They base their measurements of progservations and the spirit and method of our in- ress made upon the distance from the goal to be vestigations. As a rule we see in this world just reached rather than upon the distance already about what we look for. Some people do l10t find covered from the starting point.

any cooperation between churches because they It is true, however, that we have "not yet at- do not look for it, or do not look in the right places. tained" satisfactory cooperation and union, but They look for competition and rivalry and see we are "pressing on" with encouraging speed.

plenty. Some years ago I rode a little mountain Cooperation between denominations and among pony for eight days through the tiger and elephant the churches is still very young. The years of jungles of Laos-northern Siam. We were told maturity have not been reached by any means.

that it was a dangerous journey, that the jungles The movement is still in the tender and timid years were infested with tigers and wild elephants. We of childhood and early adolescence.

did not see a tiger or a wild elephant. We were If we go back only a quarter of a century we not hunting for them. We were looking for mis- find practically no interdenominational coopera- sionaries and native Christiansantl we found tion. The older societies, like the American Bible them. Sometimes we make unexpected discov- Society, the American Tract Society, and the eries, but, as a rule, we find what we seek. American Sunday School Union are not interde- It is so with interchurch cooperation. If peo- nominational but are associations of like-minded ple want to believe that the churches are given individuals interested in certain things with no over utterly to competition and divisiveness they denominational control or direction.

can find plenty of evidence to support their views. For three hundred years American Protestant- If they want to believe that the churches are learn- ism was almost wholly divisive. Denominations ing to cooperate and unite they can find abundant were all out for "a place in the sun." Forty or'

proof. The trouble with many who condemn the more divisions of European Protestantism were church for lack of cooperation is their point of transplanted to this country from the "father- view. They project themselves far ahead on some lands" during the first 200 years of our history.

high point of Utopia, where things are supposed Soon they began to spawn and new breeds came to be perfect and all people to be saints, and from into existence until today we have more than 200 that exalted position they look down upon the so-called denominations. About thirty years ago a few far-seeing leaders working upon such mergers and the likelihood is began to cry out against unwise and unholy di- that within the next few years most of the states visions. The first were our foreign missionaries. and many of their counties will have one inclusive They saw the sin of it and began to think and plan Council of Churches which will include in its set- and work together against their common foes and up and program all the interests of the church for the same great common ends. The China within the state.

Council was organized in the early part of this But this is not half the story of the development century. Intermissionary councils and commis- of cooperation and union within the last two sions and conferences were set up on other mis- decades. sion fields. Then the Foreign Mission Boards caught the vision and the spirit of cooperation and Comity and cooperation among local churches the Foreign Missionary Conference was organ- and on local fields have made commendable progized by Mission Board secretaries. The formation ress. More has been accomplished along these of other interdenominational, intermissionary lines in the last two decades than in all the preagencies followed. vious years of American church history. Today comity committees exist in nearly all the large Then the Home Mission Boards began to catch cities and in most of the states. There are perthe vision and were stirred by the same spirit of haps 2,000 Union churches of all types throughcooperation. The Home Missions Council, the out the country. Many cooperative projects are Council of Women for Home Missions, and the being carried on cooperatively by missionary Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America were all organized in 1908. This was the boards and local churches. Home mission fields real beginning of organized planned interdenom- have been allocated. A number of types of work inational cooperation in America. There had been have been merged into departments, bureaus and committees of the two Home Missions Councils, some worthy forerunners, some daring Johns the such as work among Migrants, Indian children in Baptists, preparing the way, but 1908 was the or- Government schools, work among Jews, bureaus ganic beginning of interdenominational, inter- of Church Architecture, Summer Schools for church cooperation for work in the ho.meland. Rural Pastors, Rural Life Sunday, World Day of The spirit deepened; the movement spread. Prayer, religious programs and community Other national organizations saw the need of coop- churches in connection with government public eration. The Christian colleges formed a council. works. An increasing number of service activi- The old Sunday School Association of individuals ties, that can be carried on together better than interested in the teaching of the Bible became by separate denominations, are being committed the International Council of Religious Educa- to the Councils.

tion of the Churches of North America, and No Subsidies for Competitive Projects within the last few months there has come another very significant development of interdenomina- The most recent step in comity has been taken tional cooperation in the new cooperative working by five of the constituent Home Mission Boards relationship of the International Council of Reli- Qf the Home Missions Council within this year.

gious Education, the Federal Council of the These Boards have worked out "master lists" of Churches of Christ in America, the Home Mis- all their home mission aid to churches, and have sions Council and the Council of Women for Home given notice to these aid-receiving churches that Missions. These Councils have set up a joint com- after December 31, 1935, these subsidies will be mittee of fifteen to coordinate the programs and withdrawn from all churches that are in competi- the activities of these four interdenominational tive situations. Questions of competition must be Councils. At last these great national coordi:. settled by the state or the national Home Mission nating agencies are beginning to practice their Councils or Comity Committees before that date.

own preachment. Now that they are beginning to There is no place here for details. We can speak take their own medicine it is to be hoped the de- only in general terms, but these things mentioned nominations will have more confidence in their are steps in the right direction. Some are more prescriptions. successful than others but all have helped to move This new spirit and practice of cooperation is the Church along toward the desired goal. No taking form in recent mergers of state councils one plan or method of cooperation will fit all places of churches. Already ten states have merged the or work everywhere one hundred per cent perfect.

Councils of Religious Education and the Councils Great care must be exercised in each case to find of Churches and the Home Missions Councils into the best plan. Sometimes the best plan is the one inclusive State Council of Churches, or as in allocation of fields and types of work and special some cases, Councils of Churches and Religious projects and churches to some one denomination.

Education. Seven or eight other states are now For example, Alaska, some of the states, and

some of the islands of the West Indies, and nearly authority on this subject, says "a large measure of readiness for union has come to prevail genall the foreign mission fields, have been allocated. erally in American Protestantism."

Other plans include the mutual exchange of I believe that we are working along the right line. Cooperation is the word upon which we churches and fields and projects between denom- must ring the changes at the present time. Union may come–in many cases will come. Weare inations; the federation of churches, and (in the ready now for cooperation. Ultimate union de- pends upon present cooperation. There is wisdom judgment of many, the least effective) the or- in not pressing organic union too hard or too fast, but surely the time is here for cooperation, espeganization of independent community churches. cially in the great missionary work of the churches, both at home and abroad. All of these methods have their advantages and There can be no further advance except as we disadvantages. But they are first steps that must go forward together. A few days ago I saw a truck in Chicago with these words in large letters be taken before the churches can run together in across its side – "Coordinated Transport." Can the Church be as wise as truckmen? perfect union. Sometimes these steps have been faltering, but they have marked a good deal of progress-"we are on our way." , The trend in cooperation has had its most marked demonstration in the organic union of denominations. Since 1900 there have been eleven organic unions of churches involving twenty-five denominations. Rev. H. Paul Douglass, our best The Unchurched Children of America I By the REV. R. W. McGRANAHAN, D.D., Pittsburgh, Pa. -<tSf Associate Secretary of the Board of American Missions, United Presbyterian Church of North America THE importance of bringing child life into 2. The neglected children of the slum areas in close contact with the vital spiritual forces large cities and those in crowded industrial sec- of the Church is self-evident. Here is the tions. clay, awaiting the skilful shaping of the Potter. Here are the lives, awaiting guidance, which will 3. The children of foreign descent, not Amereither make or unmake ,the next generation. The icanized, whose parents have a nominal relation Church will win or lose according as she succeeds to their ancestral church but are now indifferent or fails in reaching· the children. This responsi- to any religious influence. bility goes far beyond simply bringing in the children of families already within the fold. The 4. The children of the godless rich, who give great home mission task today in reaching the neither time nor place for religion. In fullyunchurched groups has no challenge comparable churched communities there are hosts of children to that of plans that give a larger place to reach- who have no contact with the Church of Christ. ing the children of all who are accessible to the Gospel. If the children are won the next genera- Freely speaking, it is estimated that half the tion is won. children of America are in these various groups, so that, of the 34,000,000 American boys and girls Who are these unchurched children? Many of school age only about 17,000,000 are receiving families have such slight touch with the vital, any definite Bible instruction or Christian guidspiritual forces that they could scarcely be classi- ance that will prepare them to solve their life fied as churched, and beyond this a vast number problems. If we exclude those of high school age, of children are destitute of any contact with this about 13,000,000 younger boys and girls are outinstitution founded by Christ to unite His people side such influence. Some of these are under ininto one body. They may be enumerated as fol- fluences antagonistic to the Church; others are lows: in an atmosphere of indifference to religion, while very many are_only awaiting an invitation to be- 1. Those unchurched geographically. They are come followers of Christ. found in isolated farming communities, mining sections, and areas from which the church has What other possible challenge to the Church moved .out, new communities opened by various can compare with this! industrial ventures. From the jungle of neglect of religious training for the young comes the monster of "crime men- ace" that terrifies America ,today. The "Red

THE UNCHURCHED CHILDREN OF AMERICA

menace" of revolution and atheism lurks in that day school period means the departure of children same jungle. If the Church and the nation are and youth in utter indifference to church worship to survive the youth must be saved. We must which usually follows. Here is a great challenge recognize our responsibility, not only for the chil- to lead into church life and activity those enrolled dren who belong to the Church by reason of the in the Sunday school. Every denomination should parents' affiliation, but the unchurched children use every means to prevent this loss to the Church. must be reached or the whole nation is threatened. 2. It should be our aim to reach all within the It is amazing how lightly the responsibility for bounds of the parish who may be willing to religious instruction and guidance rests upon our respond to a kindly approach. An offer to call shoulders as American citiz·ens. We insist that and accompany the children to the church service ample provision must be made for secular educa- might be one of the first steps taken. The varition and we pay billions in taxes for that purpose. ous communions might institute a program While we admit that training the mind and neg- through their Sunday school agencies so that lecting the moral and spiritual may simply make every congregation shall carryon an organized more cunning knaves, we fail to see cause for campaign to greatly increase the number of chilalarm in the growing demand to eliminate from dren under religious instruction. our schools all Bible reading and teaching of moral standards. The great Luther Burbank, who was a 3. There is the challenge to reach unchurched philosopher as well as wonderful plant wizard and communities, mining districts and industrial areas scientist, never lost an opportunity to remind us by some plan of interdenominational work, or that "if we took no· better care of our plants than assignment of such areas to various denominawe do of our childr·en we would be living in a tions. The fact' that most of such areas do not jungle of weeds." The Duke of Wellington used promise the establishment of a self-supporting even stronger terms when he said: "Educate chil- church makes it difficult to induce churches to dren without religion and you make a race of assume responsibility. But such mission work as clever devils." this must be done to save America.

One of the most sinister signs of our times is 4. The big task that will require constructive the deliberate effort to alienate the youth of to- planning and far-sighted statesmanship is to make day by atheistic teaching in high schools and col- effective religious contact with the millions of leges. It was the boast of a teacher in one of our children enrolled in our public schools who now universities, recently dismissed because of his receive no religious instruction. The public school flagrant offences in atheistic propaganda, "They is the only agency which reaches all the children. used to say, 'give me the child till he is 8 years of In most states religious and ethical instruction age and you can have him after that!' But give and even character building have now been elimme a boy or girl for two years in college in the inated from the public school. Dr. Paul D. Eddy teens and I can take his religion out of him." has presented the following plan of cooperation The Church is responsible for seeing that our that should enlist all churches and character-buildschool boards, our church college boards and our ing agencies in every community: state schools do not permit teaching destructive of the Christian faith and life. The principle of separation of Church and State will not necessarily mean the separation of public education Is it not high time that a definite program and religious education in the sense of eliminating moral should be formulated and put into effect to reach and spiritual values or the great basic elements in rethis unchurched half of America's children? It ligion. . . . The new advance of home missions and is truly gratifying that serious consideration is Christian education must be in the field of reaching this being given to it by church bodies, and Sunday unchurched group. New trails in the field cannot be school organizations. blazed by individual denominational effort or independent local church programs. . . . The solution of the problem The challenge to the Church to save her own of reaching the unchurched, providing adequate religious children and to reach the millions of the un- training for all children and youth is to be found in the churched children' in America presents many cooperative study and planning by the Church with all problems, some of which are difficult. the major character agencies in the community: the government, public schools, homes and other agencies. 1. Those enrolled in the Sunday school must be The building of an intelligently coordinated program for won to Christ. Surely the Church must concern character building in the community is the only effective herself deeply with this need. solution.

It is comparatively easy to enroll children in If such a cooperative movement be launched promptly the Sunday school and thus bring them under and enthusiasm created for it such as was realized in the religious influence, even when parents are wholly launching of the Student Volunteer Movement, and plans indifferent, but it is very disturbing to see the made for a sustained program through the future, this wholesale manner in which the close of the Sun- movement might well be hailed as the greatest achieve- ment of our century thus far. May the outcome match the need of these times and reach effectively some of the millions of unchurched children of America!

A Re–Emphasis of Spiritual

By REV. PAUL DAWSON EDDY, M.A., New York Director, Vacation and Week.Day Church Schools, ln~ernational Council of Religious Education "THE Church which for years has professed the economically, insecure, the emotionally un- its interest and concern over the weak and stable, or the mentally retarded child. It is in- helpless, almost turns its back upon these creasingly apparent that these agencies cannot unfortunate children. They ·are not invited. adequately meet the character needs of the total They are too dirty, uncouth and wild. Perhaps group of children and youth of the community they might also contaminate those within the fold. through their independent, unrelated and often At any rate few are called and few come." This competitive program. The State Superintendent is the conclusion of a study of fourteen thousand of Public Instruction in Nebraska states that the juvenile delinquents who appeared before the schools alone are impotent in the face of character courts of Los Angeles in three years. * education needs of the day. The Tenth Year Book "The position of the Church today is one of con- of the National Education Association also states, fusion and uncertainty. It has lost much of the "Our society today awaits a new integration of authority with which it at one time was clothed." t knowledge, aspiration and human purpose – it These are serious indictments from the courts would seem to be a task essentially religious in of a state and the leaders in public education. nature."

They challenge the Christian Church to a reeval- Through the segregation of religion and the uation of its program and work. Such a study secularization of education in the 19th century would lead to the conclusion that the Church has violence has been done to Church and State, and failed to provide adequate Christian character to individual and social character. The narrow training for the less privileged economically, so- sectarianism of our colonial church fathers was cially and culturally, as well as for those of the a contributing factor to the separation of religion more privileged classes. Of course there are in- and education. This isolation of religion from dividual exceptions of successful programs but in the daily educational experiences of the child has general the groups from which our largest num- led to cynicism, materialism and the disintegra- ber of juvenile delinquents come are not reached tion of personality.

by Protestant home missions, Christian educa- During the past decade or more one can discover tion or the Church. Possibly these organizations a distinct trend to reintegrate the basically reli- do not possess the understanding or technique gious or spiritual elements in the program of for attracting and training these children, youth public education and character building. "No and adults. greater task rests upon the secondary schools than In fairness it should be stated that the public to help its pupils find their God. . . . When this schools and the other community character build- orientation takes place life assumes poise, dig- ing agencies have also failed, side by side with the ni,ty, grandeur. Otherwise its strivings, its Church, to reach these groups. While the public struggles, its achievements seem trivial and in- schools may record the attendance of these chil- significant.:!: dren, few would claim that the average public This quiet return to fundamental spiritual school with its traditional regemented program values should be recognized and encouraged by all really meets the consummate needs of these religious faiths. It is a function of the Christian groups. Because compulsory education laws in- Church to permeate the life of the community sure attendance, it does not follow that the time agencies and to appreciate every contribution to of the pupil is spent in creative activities which character development as an aid to the "more are suited to his needs. abundant life." – Recent studies have revealed a School, church and the other community char- great storehouse of latent religious resources in acter-building agencies must admit the failure of public school curriculum and in the activities of their so-called regular programs vitally to reach many community character-building agencies.

• Bulletin, Who Is Delinquent? published by Rotary Club of Los The Church can assisUhese agencies to strengthen AntgeTlehse. Tenth Year Book of the Department of Superintendents of ~ Sixth Year Book, Department of Superintendents, N. E. A., the National Education Association, p 23. pp. 51-53.

[290 ] and enrich the spiritual basis of their program. sion, in cooperation with the major character- In addition to the permeating and indirect in- building agencies of Ohio, will establish demon- stration communities in rural and urban districts fluence, the Church has a unique and distinctive for the cooperative study of community needs and contribution to make to character development. the coordinated program building in which reli- It is a function of the Church to enrich, interpret gion will be an integral part. Duplication and and integrate experiences in terms of specifically competition in the programs of these agencies Christian ideals and purposes. This function must will be eliminated. be performed on the basis of the individual's experiences in his home, school and community, and The Commission will also study the relationship not by the isolated learning of unrelated dogma. of Church and State in education, and the func- tion of religion in character development. The We are lead to the conclusion that if the Church place of the Church in the community, and how continues to follow its traditional program of its contribution may best be made, will receive isolated religious teaching, it can never effectively careful consideration. Some form of weekday reach the unchurched millions of youth. But, if religious education will be developed which will the Church is really interested in the weak, the enrich, interpret and integrate the daily experihelpless and uncouth child, as well as in the more ences of the child in his home, school and comnormal and attractive youth, it must make its con- munity relationships. tribution in coordination with the other community character-building agencies. There is a di- The Commission is composed of national and rect and an indirect contribution which the Church state denominational leaders, leaders in public is designed to make. schools and other character-building agencies, professors of generttl education and religious edu- In Los Angeles the Juvenile Courts inaugurated cation, ministers and laymen. The Commission the plan of bringing the educational, social, civic will encourage the home, the school, the Church and religious agencies in the community into a and other agencies in their cooperative efforts to coordinating council for study and cooperative meet community needs. program building in more than seventy districts of the county. Community councils of character – building agencies are developing in a number of cities and Public school leaders in some states and com- rural areas. Research studies and the experimunities have taken the initiative in developing mental development of programs are planned. It cooperative study and community planning. Some is expected that a conference with the leaders of ministers and laymen have sensed the inadequacy the Jews, Roman Catholics and Prote&tants will of religion on Sundays only and the failure of the be held sometime in the future to consider the Church to reach the unchurched groups, so they common interest of all religious faiths in the eduhave invited leaders to study what can be done. cation and character developments of the child.

The first united Protestant program on a state- By some such united approach we may hope to wide basis to provide religious training in coopera- meet the challenge of sixteen million unchurched tion with the public schools and the other major children and youth, and may overcome the criticharacter-building agencies is developing in Ohio. cism of Juvenile Courts, public school educators, After a year of exploratory study by the Ohio and community leaders. The Church can thus re- Council and the International Council of Religious gain its lost leadership in the community and Education, a commission has been organized which make her contribution in coordination with the will officially represent the Council of Churches in other character-building agencies. Ohio, the Ohio Council of Religious Education, the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America, Let the Church go forward in a united demonthe Home Missions Councils and the International stration, in a national laboratory study and de- Council of Religious Education. This Commis- velopment for these neglected youth..

INTERRELATION OF FOREIGN AND HOME MISSIONS Home missions and foreign missions are the two ends of the same stream, its fountain and its sea. We cannot stop one without drying up the other also. Stop the fountains and the sea will ultimately become a dry bed; evaporate the sea and the fountains will run dry. Home missions are needed to keep the church at home alive and to help it grow. Cutting off foreign mission interest and activity is a sure way of killing home missions. Foreign missions bring returns a thousandfold at home by sending streams back upon the churches to revitalize them and fill them with life more abundant.

Need for Christian

By the REV. J. M. WALKER, D.D., Charlotte, N. C.

Pastor of Steele Creek Presbyterian Church T HE relation of education to Christian char- have lost faith – in God, in themselves, in their . acter is a most vital topic today. An amaz- fellowmen. ing number of new books deal with this Look at the young men who begin a task, but subject. Educational associations of various kinds cannot finish it.

are devoting their time and best thought to it; See how students, trained in institutions of magazines are lending their pages to its discus- learning, are swelling our criminal and delinquent sion; and there is no end to the conferences being lists. held with the idea of finding a solution to the Behold the multitudes without the slightest re- many problems involved. gard to the restraints of the Sabbath.

Out of all this thought and discussion, two Think of the widespread disregard for the things may be said to have become clear: one, Christian standards of sex and bodily purity.

that education must center it~ efforts upon char- Think of the gambling fever that is abroad in acter development. It will concern itself not so the land.

much with subject-matter as with life. Its goal Observe how many homes are broken up, and will be the achieving of a Christian character how the divorce courts are filled.

rather than the mastery of materials. Not that Think of the corruption in politics, and the it will lay less stress upon the acquisition of bribery of justice; the hatred between classes, knowledge per se, but it will d~mand that a great- and the rising war-like spirit between nations.

er emphasis be placed upon guiding youth into an Think of the filth in much of our modern literaunderstanding of that knowledge as it relates to ture and movies; of the unethical practices in his own development in right living. The other business and industries; of the faithlessness of thing is this, the great Christian principles and public servants; and of the wholesale repudiation ideals which were set forth by the Master Him- of sacred obligations. self must find a larger place in our educational processes. The times demand it. All this and much more of a similar kind is tak- ing place among our people, and often right before The Character Crisis in National Life our eyes. The picture is not overdrawn. We have no disposition to exaggerate. Certainly there Our age has made marvelous progress. The· is much in our civilization that is praiseworthy, new scientific knowledge is flying with lightning and for which we should be thankful, but the rapidity across the boundaries of nations, and no symptoms revealed are alarming to say the least.

man can tell what tomorrow holds in store. Yes- What we are chiefly concerned with is the source terday's marvels become today's commonplaces. or sources of this malady. What lies back of this Because the genius of man knows no limit we distress-disorder?

face the future with eager anticipation. How- It is evident that the breakdown is in the realm ever, it does not take a discerning spirit to see of character. Honor and integrity, reverence and that all is not well with us. As a student of our devotion to truth and duty, and the high regard day has well said: "We are like an army that for sacred ideals seem to be a thing of the past may be able to report gains on the right, but with a great body of our people. Principles which which has met with ignominious defeat on the guided our fathers in building this Christian civ- left." With all our furnishings through the ilization have been too frequently thrown over- knowledge of the new sciences; with all the board as something out of date and useless. With equipment that comes with the modern inventions, many, the true has become identified merely with the modern conveniences, and the new modes of the useful, and -the good with that which is pleas-.

communication; with all the vast outlay in edu- ing; there are no fixed standards of truth and cational facilities for the training of youth; still righteousness.

something tremendously important seems to be When we analyse the causes of this breakdown lacking in the lives of our people. Behold the in character and strive to get at the secret for this breakdowns occurring all along the line; men failure, we do not proceed with such assurance.

ffl92 ] In this complex civilization there are too many follow the lead of these antireligionists, and use educacross-currents playing upon the life of the average tioI?al procedures which are based on philosophical theories whIch are destructive to religion. This thing is happening individual, tending either to make or mar his both in public schools and in church schools.

character. It behooves us to tread with humility. 1. First of all, a large part of our educational This secularization of the public education has been going on for years. Perhaps we are just beprogram has been out of balance. We have been ginning to feel the full force of its effect. It was primarily concerned with ways and means rather but logical to expect that a system of public eduthan with objectives. We have said, let facts be cation from which religion had been carefully purveyed, character will take care of itself. We have been too busy mastering scientific methods eliminated would in time become essentially and to give much attention to mastering life. It has actively antireligious. A godless philosophy of been a materialistic age, and the spiritual has been life is bound, as the night follows the day, to propolitely bowed out. Students have been taught to duce a godless civilization. It has laid its blighting put their entire faith in the scientific method as hand upon nearly everything that we held as sacred-upon the home, the family, the church a cure-all for the numerous ills of society. the school, society, and even the business world: "This steady secularization of public education" says one of our Christian philosophers, "is per- We have sown the. wind, and now we are reaping haps the most potent factor in producing a dis- the whirlwind. torted sense of values in the mind of our young It was but inevitable that our nation should be people. While we have been introducing one sub- in for a cruel awakening. All this crass material- ism and antireligious teaching in schools and colject after another of a secular nature, we have leges was bound to bring about a reaction. Truth been steadily eliminating or restricting instruction of a moral and religious nature. Our children has a way of rising to the surface and coming out naturally put the emphasis on the things that are regardless. Then again, too many institutions of learning remained faithful to their trust; and given prominence in their experience." there were too many consecrated teachers of youth Dr. Walter A. Squires, oifn Thoidsaye,x"ceslhleonwt s bhoook~ to be completely swept off their feet by this surge "Educational Movements of antireligious propaganda. The teacher's task, as it has been truly said, is too sacred a thing for fifty years ago moral and religious truths were a vital part of the public curriculum. But since him to be long led astray. The dawn of the new day is here, and the question is being asked everythat time they have become so secularized that the spiritual has been largely eliminated. Culti- where, what can we do to make our nation Chris- tian? What has education to do with the formavation of the spiritual nature has been shunted tion of character? ~nto a corner. The inference drawn by our youth IS that the courses most worth while are those of a materialistic nature, which have immediate and How Is Christian Character Achieved?

tangible value. Consciously or unconsciously, our What is the Christian character we wish to boys and girls have 'imbibed the notion that mak- achieve? To begin with, Christian character is ing a good living is more important than living a not something that varies with the ethical culture good life. The ideal existence is conceived in the of the nation. It is not the product of the theory terms of material comfort rather than in terms of of relativity in matters of right and wrong. It personal honor, integrity, and truth. cannot be said to be one thing in Russia another thing in Germany or Italy, and still quite a dif- 2. A second important factor in the breakdown ferent thing in England or America. Christian of character is found in that smaIi group of anti- character is a product that is discernible wherreligious and atheistic teachers in universities ever it is found-in Christian or in non-Christian who have rejected religion and who are bent on lands. It has certain earmarks which are common bringing higher education in line with their own to all Christians. True, these appear in varying antireligious attitudes. Says Dr. Squires in the degrees of development in the individual as he book above quoted: These "intellectuals," these leaders of our American grows in grace, but the root of the matter is there "intelligentsia" have in some way gained a wide recogni- just the same. The Christian life is the Christtion as leaders in educational science. They seem to as- centered life; and it is the Christ-way of life. sume a sort of proprietorship over such terms as "scienti~c,:' "modern," and "progressive." Unfortunately public The Christian character is the product of the OpInIOn hardly seems to challenge the assumption. . • . Christ-centered life. Christ has been formed in The most serious element in the situation, however does the life through faith. This is the initial work in not lie with these out-and-out antireligiortists. It lies in Christian character formation. By it we mean the fact that a multitude of public educators are blindly something infinitely more than a mere assent to following the theories which this group have constructed a set of propositions about the Lord Jesus Christ. and which they are diligently promoting. It is really re- It may be described as securing the allegiance of markable how some people deeply loyal 'to religion will

one's inner life to the whole personality of the The life of Christ is more surely transmitted Christ. Such an allegiance brings about a change through the example of Christian men and women in personality, which may be gradual or sudden, than through any other source. Students have a depending largely upon his training in Christian decided tendency to become like those who teach experience. But this change is so radical that them. So the life of the teacher, more than any- Jesus called it the "new birth." The Christian thing that is taught, counts most in building up then, is one who has this inner life born of faith or tearing down Christian character. Too much in Jesus Christ. It is this new life that: gives emphasis cannot be placed upon the personality both motivation to his conduct, and power for the of the teacher. We soon forget what we are accomplishment of his God-given tasks. taught; the influence of the life of the teacher Christian character is not only the product of abides-a hallowed benediction or a painful mem- the Christ-centered life, but it is also the result ory of wasted opportunities. The wealth of our of the Christ-way of life. This new life is pat- Christian institutions of learning does not lie in terned after that of the Master. He bears in his brick and mortar, nor in stocks and bonds, but in body the marks of the Saviour. The norm of the the power of great personalities in the faculty.

Christian character is the character of Jesus Him- All that we have been saying but leads to the self. As we study the character of Jesus there truth: Christian character is as much caught as are at least five outstanding characteristics, five it is taught. It develops through the discipline features that were distinctive, which set Him off of life's experiences under the watchful eye of a from all other men. There was His purity or saintly ,soul.

holiness; His love; His forgiveness; His sacri- Second in importance is the influence of a fice; and His humility. These revealed the pas- Christian curriculum upon character formation.

sion of His heart, and they were exhibited in His Just as the Christian is a Christ-centered person- daily life. In this way He set going forces that ality, so the education that is to produce that have in them the making of a new world. It was character must be Christ-centered. That does not not an overstatement that the historian Lecky mean that the facts of science will receive any made in his "History of European Morals" when the less emphasis; rather the more. But it does he said: "The 'three short years' of the active life determine the approach to truth. To begin with, of Jesus have done more to regenerate and soften it recognizes Divinity in the life of things. It mankind than all the disquisition of philosophers says: "Man's chief end is to glorify God and to and all the exhortations of moralists of all time." enjoy Him forever." It further states: "The It is characters fashioned after this pattern that Word of God which is contained in the Scriptures the world needs today. Such characters our edu- of the Old and New Testament, is the only rule to cational institution should strive to turn out. How direct us how we may glorify and enjoy Him."

can it be done? With these .fixed postulates it moves into every It will be readily admitted, that character build- realm of truth with the full assurance, "Ye shall ing is the most difficult task in our civilization. know the truth and the truth shall make you free."

While we recognize that Christian character is Best of all, it is assured that when young life has largely the product of training, still we are much been properly trained, there will come a time when at sea as to the way human personality develops. that life will long for the Perfect Life about which As we have said, there are so many influences it may be entwined and held, just as naturally as playing upon young life – and they are ever on the vine calls for the pole to be its stay and guide.

the increase – as to make our· efforts uncertain. When the main educational forces of the com- It is just possible there may be two forces for munity-,-the home, the church, the school-unite evil to everyone for good constantly working in this holy cooperative undertaking we may con- against our very best efforts. Both the power of fidently look for the issue-a Christian character, heredity and the influence of environment, over the supreme need of our day.

which we have but little control, may largely nul- lify all the nobler impulses that may be brought to bear on a life. Surely to guide one into the way Divine dynamic has its beginning when men of Christian living requires all the wisdom and have reached their end. Its majesty meets us only consecration one can command. at yonder borderline where in our willing and The most potent influence in the formative working we aremade to pant for breath. Where period of one's life comes through the contact my cunning and my fortunes can do nothing, can- with'Christian parents, teachers and professors. not help, comes my God. KARL BARTH.

Church Can Help' the

By EDGAR M. WAHLBERG, Denver, Colorado Pastor of Grace Community Church and President of the Denver Open Forum .

I N DENVER the now aged Father William H. relation of the Church and the unemployed. Un- O'Ryan is most highly revered for two things: fortunately the Church as a whole does not fea- his long and deep love for his church and his ture in the hardships of those who suffer most. determined struggle in behalf of social justice. Economic need is the major interest of most He did not hesitate to state bluntly the problem of people, and in times of stress economic security unemployment and poverty in relation to religion becomes a single issue. The church must be deep- in a meeting of the Catholic Industrial Confer- ly realistic about this question. At present people ence. He said, "Poverty to St. Francis may have are confused and harassed because they are in an been a holy thing, but to emotional stage and cannot John Smith, unemployed, in balance experience with my parish, with his wife and Continued unemployment, hard facts. The Church must five children it is a far dif- voluntary or involuntary, is a bear its responsibility for ferent thing. Poverty leads menace to the material, moral not having helped the people to the very gates of hell. "to discern this time."

Members are lost, not gained, and spiritual wellbeing of the Universal spiritual recovto the church because of iCnhduivrcidhu. al,Tthhee inSatabtielityandof thaet ery will follow universal eco- least. twelve million workers in pauperism. . . . Oligarchy nomic security based upon a in America shouts democ- America to find healthful em- Christian philosophy and racy to fool the people. This ployment constitutes a real cri- economy where earnings are is the meanest kind of oli- sis that threatens disaster. This for the benefit of many rathgarchy. . . . The Protestant paper, by a pastor who has done er than for the profit of the Church has lost the laboring much to help the unemployed in few. Any attempts at reliman because Protestant min- his own city, gives valuable sug- gious revival apart from this isters have not assisted the gestions that may be found use- position will prove to be unemployed or labor. We ful elsewhere. Some will not futile and eventually will de,. are also losing them because apgorienet, wbiutth atlhleaaguretehotrhaatt seovmerey- stroy Christian faith and thing must be done in harmony we have not been true to our add to the common despair. program. . . . The Catholic 7 Any church that shouts the Church is losing more mem- "Kingdom of God" to fool bers each year than it is tak- with the spirit and teachings of the people is a mean church Jesus Christ, to meet the needs of the hour.

ing in by conversion. . . . and it does not represent the To me, social service is re- Master, who was anointed to ligion." preach "good tidings to the The dilemma of the Church and the masses is poor," and who later proved the validity of His presented by H. Richard Niebuhr in his statement, mission to the imprisoned John the Baptist by re- "There is no effective religious movement among porting that the poor "had good tidings preached the disinherited in America. As a result they to them."

are simply outside the pale of organized Christi- Is the Church taking an active place in the hon- anity." est resentments of life? Are churchmen near Professor H. Paul Douglass says in the Spring- those who are clubbed to death in food riots? Is field Survey, "The churches have run away from the Church aware of the dangers of regimenta- the areas of desperate needs." The preacher who tion of millions to the lowest levels of life? Is was asked to speak before a mass meeting of re- the heart of the Church touched by the misery lief strikers was quite shocked when, as he was and tragedy of the victims of modern selfishness introduced as "Reverend," a worker yelled, "We and stupidity? Is the influence of the Church don't want any religion here." This experience feared by the privileged and selfish classes?

and these statements quite characterize the usual Should the Church be an open door for everyone?

[295 ]

As a rule the language of the Church is un- bodies gave leadership much good was accomfamiliar and means little to the unemployed. Its plished. In Grace Church a Self-Help Cooperaappeal often suggests an obscurantism in which tive in two years, with a small outlay of cash, there is no action. The unemployed recognize two did over $34,000 worth of business in furnishing or three significant needs and are waiting for a actual commodities to the poor. It is clear that revolutionary Christianity which deals with real- men who have no wealth and who do not control ity in accordance with those needs. Major moral the means of production struggle against almost insights are dependent upon human needs. A impossible odds, and as a result this first great middle class society with, fair prospects, from and fundamental urge of the unemployed has been which is drawn the major constituency of the largely dissolved. Church, turns its attention to moral questions of a different type than does a society of people out People turned increasingly to what is apparof work, whose future appears empty and hope- ently the only alternative-relief. Agencies were less. Where profit seeking capitalism increasingly inadequate and distributed relief in monthly sums fails to support the people, middle class people as low as $9.00 per month-$13.00 in Denver. will have to decide whether or not to join the The people could not live on this scale and a secdispossessed in a struggle for a truly Christian ond movement developed involving hundreds of social order; organizations and thousands of members. The main purpose was to demand more adequate relief. One fundamental contribution of any church to These organizations were quite resentful and met the solution of this problem is the maintenance considerable opposition but struck fear into sociof an atmosphere of fair play and a platform ety. Some churches accepted the opportunity to which asserts itself in a policy of true freedom work with them. Night after night hundreds of speech. Only in this way can the church be were turned away from packed meetings at Grace close to people and so come to know and follow Church. Gradually, the Government entered the the way of God. Grace Community Church, Den- field and relief was raised to an average of $30.00 ver, maintains a policy sensitive to people in which a month. every minority and oppressed group may find expression. . Twenty-six different unemployed Unemployed soon found that bombarding relief and workers' organizations count Grace Center as agencies was both unhappy and futile. After all, a regular meeting place. Among them are: relief workers or their organizations were not the Baker's Union, Sheet Metal Workers, Truck Driv- ones that put people out of work. Multitudes hurers and Teamsters, Tramway Employees, Tank ried to other extremes and joined visionary move- Builders, Retail Clerks, Auto Mechanics, A. F. of ments born out of hope. Millions joined the L. Rank and File, Unemployed Cooperatives, In- Townsend Clubs, the Utopian Societies, the Techternational Labor Defense, National Workers Al- nocrats, and other organizations. Much energy liance, Colorado Cooperative, Inc., Townsend was dissipated but may have saved the United Clubs, Utopians, Socialist Party, Technocrats, States from more serious disturbances. Ex-C. W. A. Workers, Poultry Cooperative, Farmers Union, Joint Council of Women's Auxiliaries, Another stage involves two directions—{)ne Good Government Club, Voters Clubs, Workers sound, in which people study their problems and Press Conference, League for Human Freedom, attempt to survey life. The Denver Labor College League Against War and Fascism, Labor College, had three terms this past year with courses in Homesteaders Club, Miner's Cooperative, F. E. Economics, Sociology, NRA, History of Labor, R. A. Workers, Relief Strikers, Consumers Coop- Social Insurance, Labor Law, Dramatics, Systems erative Study Club, Transient Boys Club, Workers of Social Change, Proposed Economic Programs, Boys' and Girls' Clubs, and Mooney-Billings Com- and other courses. The other direction represents mittee. another wild fling, this time behind the glittering generalities of such personalities as Huey Long Churches sensitive to what has happened these and Father Coughlin. This second direction replast five years will note the following develop- resents a grave danger in which America may ments. Immediately after the crash in 1929, un- unwittingly be Hitlerized. employed almost in mass resorted to self-help activities. Many organizations developed in The Constitution of the Workers and Farmers every community—{)ver thirty in the City of Alliance of EI Paso County, Colorado, strikingly Denver. This work proceeded largely without similar to others over the country, represents a public approval and was sometimes discouraged more earnest effort by the unemployed. Incidenby both business and organized labor. Social tally, one of the trusted officers of this Alliance is workers generally ignored this outpouring of co- Rev. John Jorden, of St. Paul's Church, Colorado operative initiative, but where churches and civic Springs. This relationship is typical of hundreds of situations and indicates a part that the church can play. This organization strives to be wholly

HOW THE CHURCH CAN HELP THE UNEMPLOYED

American. The Preamble to the Constitution is activities. In many instances all that is needed well worth reading. is encouragement to develop some significantly helpful and creative interests, including interest Because of the hopeless political situation now confront- in Consumers' Cooperatives. Education should ing the United States, and the fact that our Legislative, be dominant. Ministers should be especially Executive and Judiciary bodies are in constant disagree- aware of workers' education, and should promote ment regarding a workable program to stabalize industry related activities of forums, panels, dramatics, and fulfill the promises of a new deal for the masses: We, music, art, and other avocations. the producing citizens of the nation have found it neces- Excellent work is being done in the field of GRACE CHURCH COOPERATIVE POTATO CAMP workers' education. Preachers need to be in- formed. The purpose of this workers' education sary to organize in sundry groups for self-protection not is: "to foster among workers a better understandonly against entrenched predatory wealth as formerly, ing of economic and social problems, interpreting but also against gross injustice caused by political favor- them in the light of accurate information and of itism in the government agencies entrusted with the dole our own experience; to instruct workers in prinand work relief program for its millions of unemployed ciples of labor organization and in method of victims. . . . building an activ.ely intelligent Labor Movement; to encourage the building of a social order ade- Our meetings will be educational in nature and should quate for all the needs of all the people." follow the lines of economic class interest without advocating any special creed or politics and our aim should be the The pall of many churches in unemployed amalgamation of all useful workers of hand and brain, in neighborhoods is poor church attendance and order that a careful and intelligent mass action may be apparent indifference. Cooperation on the part applied in case of a crisis. of the church to meet the real needs of the people will make the minister a busy person with a hun- dred demands: as a speaker before unemployed groups, an advisor, and a leader in the effort to bring about better conditions.

The church should also strive to be a commu- nity center endeavoring to meet special needs- for recreation, nursery schools, activities to pre- A casual observer will note that the world will A GRACE COMMUNI'IW CHURCH BOYS' CLUB whirl for some time to come. This easily reveals the first opportunity of the Church to the unem- vent juvenile delinquency and help with family ployed. Churches need to open their doors and problems. Grace Church received the following allow space to be used by the people. Churches letter from the Crime Prevention Bureau of in the less fortunate neighborhoods should not be Denver: closed week days. More fortunate churches could well afford to help support strategically located DEAR REV. WAHLBERG: churches of the disinherited as centers for unemployed and workers' activities. Grace Church I wish to use this means of expressing to you my comhouses over 300 different meetings a month. The pliments of the effective work you are doing in your December report of the caretaker is interesting. district. "We have at this time meeting here nine labor unions, sixteen educational and workers' classes, four labor auxiliaries, and fifteen other groups. The chapel and rooms iIi the Community Building, including Children's Work and Boys' and Girls' Clubs, are used 365 times a month, not including the Sunday school where the rooms are used again. The Chapel frequently is used and cleaned as many as four times daily, especially on Saturdays -most of the others twice daily."

A second procedure is to cultivate self-help

From a spot map made in the Juvenile Court, I find It is the experience of the writer that the unemonly one boy's case filed in 1932 and one in 1933 in the' ployed, when confidence is established, turn eagerarea bounded by Broadway, West Colfax and Speer. This ly to the Christian minister for guidance. The is indeed a fact to be proud of. Grace Unemployed Cooperative Arbitration Com- mittee, of which the pastor is a member, has been The work of a community center with the necessary able to settle many disputes and has handed down equipment can never be estimated in dollars. Our delin- many interesting decisions. The Church can win quency problem would be practically wiped out if we had many of these people to Christ if, in addition to a sufficient number of such institutions as the Grace Com- shouting the Kingdom of God, it also uses its munity Church. influence to build up the Kingdom and to share its blessings with the workers. Trusting that your good work will continue, I am Respectfully, A labor union took over the job of decorating EDMUND C. YOUNG, Grace Church in which twenty-one unemployed painters donated most of their time until the job Bureau of Probation and Delinquency Prevention. was completed. Asked why union labor was will- ing to work without pay the union boss replied, The Church must give meaning to its social "We men like to help a good cause. A church GOSPel pronouncements if it hopes to win the that is doing the work of your church deserves unemployed to Christ. To announce that the the best. If we had left our job half done, we Church is committed to fair wages and better would always have felt guilty. We just have to working conditions and at the same time to ignore play fair with these boys and girls. And a fellow the plight of workers in any particular neighbor- is willing to do most anything when he is apprehood is a glaring contradiction which indicates ciated. Most folks, it seems, find it a lot easier insincerity. Church people as a rule have no true to damn us and misunderstand us. Here, we have idea of such things as socialism, corporations, seen with our own eyes a real service, and have labor unions, strikes, lockouts, and other social felt a real Christian appreciation of humanity. concepts that are constantly met in this world. You can't turn that down. It ain't profits. folks The unemployed are often more anxious about wants, it's life." finding something good in the Church· than is the Church itself. Religious interest is riot highly developed in the masses. Nevertheless, they are keenly sensitive to a common language that bespeaks fellowship in the struggle to iive.

Juvenile Criminals and the Church By HOMER L. DICKERSON, Nickerson, Nebraska j there is no such thing as "an average juvenile delinquent," we maintain that in the majority of THERE are few social problem~, today of more cases these characteristics are found. Just as we interest than that of crime. _any plans are have what we term the average American citizen offered for its solution. Some may work but so we note the characteristics of the average many are hopeless. There is one thing certain, juvenile delinquent. He may be described as folhowever, that if we can stop juvf!nge delinquency lows: the larger problem of crime is s~lved. How to do this has thus far batHed those'most interested. He is 18 years of age and unmarried. He is a Some believe criminals are born to be at odds nominal member of a church that he never atwith society. Others say that any child born into tends. (See table 2.) His mother and father the environment out of which delinquents come, are of foreign birth and do not speak the English is doomed to spend his life fleeing from the law. language well. (See table 1.) He has been raised in a home in which there has been serious trouble On the basis of an investigation of a modern due either to -divorce or death of his parents., reformatory, we make certain suggestions as to (Sixty-one of the boys did not live with both of what the Church can do about the solution of their parents.) This average delinquent has this problem. always lived in a poverty-stricken home situated in a tenement district of a large city. There are For convenience and clarity we include a chart seven in the family and some of his brothers have of two and have summed up the dominant char- been in trouble with the authorities. The boy did acteristics of the 100 boys and included them in what we call the average delinquent. While we readily admit the weakness of this method, since

JUVENILE CRIMINALS AND THE CHURCH

not like school and often played truant. He began ous to mention. Each situation has its own soluschool at the age of six and left at fourteen after tion; the main thing is that the minister take completing the seventh grade. His mental age an interest in such boys. is approximately ten years and eight months. This young man has repeated at least one grade The program of the Boy Scouts should also in school. Since then he has had two jobs and appeal to boys. Yet our survey shows that only worked on each on the average of nine months at three had membership in that organization. While $16.98 a week. He was unemployed at the time certain phases of the Boy Scout movenie]J.t may he committed the crime for which he was sent to not always appeal, yet the whole program is the Reformatory. His leisure time was spent in flexible enough to be adjusted to many needs. The loafing. Prior to his present committal he has great difficulty' is to get leaders. Here the minbeen convicted of four crimes. ister can be of great help, through appealing to his men to give their time in taking care of a What Can the Church Do? Scout patrol of potential delinquents.

In making recommendations as to what the The Prevention of Delinquency minister can do to aid in the rehabilitation of these boys, first let us consider the position of the Weare not concerned alone in rehabilitating minister in the community. boys but rather in preventing them from becom- ing delinquent. The natural question is what He is the man especially trained to guide those can the minister do about the boy whose parents forces which build character. While it is not cannot speak English freely? It seems only reanecessary or wise, that he be the head of such sonable that he use his influence to obtain social organizations as the Y. M. C. A., the Boy Scouts workers who speak both languages and know and other leisure-time agencies, he should be in both cultures, to act as foster parents to both the constant contact with them and should aid in young man and his parents. If this can not be making their influence felt in the community. Ac- done an effort can be made to obtain members of cording to this survey the Y. M. C. A. and the his church willing to "take" a foreign-speaking Boy Scouts have played little or no part in the family and help to orient them to their new envilives of these boys. Only two have attended the ronment. He can open his church to classes in "Y" and three the Boy Scouts. Such a situation adult education. should not exist. Certainly the recreational program of the "Y" should appeal to the thousands In facing the problem of the school we find it of potential delinquents. Despite the fact that particularly difficult. Our survey shows that 73 per cent of the boys came from cities where overwhelming numbers of the boys studied have the Y. M. C. A. is operating, only two per cent had difficulty in school, many at a very early age. were regular attendants. The ministers can aid in The survey also shows that the majority of the getting boys who need the "Y" into its recrea- boys were below the average mental level. Taking tional classes. It is probable that the apparent all these things into consideration it seems wise, failure of the "Y" is not due to any desire on its that when this situation is known to exist, we part to serve only those of the more favored should adapt our educational standards to meet classes, but rather due to a lack of financial and the needs of this group. They have proven their moral support from those whom the minister can mental handicap, and to continue trying to make reach. Putting it more plainly, the delinquent them measure up to the old recognized educational very often cannot pay for membership. Neither standards simply fosters truancy. Many people can the "Y." Some one else must do it. The today believe truancy to be the threshold of a minister, working in cooperation with the "Y" criminal career. The minister once convinced of secretary, could help in getting his church mem- the necessity of teaching the manual arts to those bers to subscribe toward free memberships for who have difficulty in mastering textbook knowlsuch boys as these. edge should use his influence with the school au- thorities to provide these children with opportuni- The minister should be one to greet the boy ties t(')· develop their talents along the lines of upon his return from the reform school. He their abilities. can act as the one to whom the boy can go for guidance. It would be worth while· for him to The writer is not qualified to offer a perfect see that the young man is immediately given a educational program. Modern educators are free membership in the "Y" and that he be per- working on this and in many cases are doing a mitted to join other clubs provided for him. He fine piece of work. Some examples are the project might prevail upon a member of his church to method, platoon or opportunity classes and trainact as a Big Brother to the boy. The avenues ing in the manual arts. These programs are built the minister can open to help him are too numer- to fit the needs of the pupils. The greatest ob- stacle to that kind of training comes from the

adults who have been through the old system, and ing minister. The laboring man should under- are convinced of its merits and resent any change. stand that the Christian religion functioning If they had the new system explained to them, properly will obtain for him the very thing he many would approve it. The Parent-Teacher As- wants most; that is, a chance to live life at its sociation is an excellent organization for foster- best.

ing understanding between the parent and the Having said all this, the natural question arises teacher. The minister can offer very practical how can a minister find time to do all these things ? help toward this understanding by becoming an One minister may not be able to do it alone but active supporter of this organization and advising groups of ministers, planning together can do the his church members to do the same. work effectively. It is admittedly a hard task. Reformatory officers believe their plan of keep- Some people may be poor and others rich, some live in tenements and others in mansions, some ing every waking moment of the boy's days full of are in conflict with the laws and others obey them, activity, is responsible for their comparatively but all must be served by the Christian minister. small number of disciplinary problems. The His task is to coordinate these diverse groups so Christian minister can learn much from their ex- that the fortunate and the unfortunate will live perience. Many modern communities have very together in harmony, and all will be given an opfew other than commercial amusements for youth. portunity to enjoy the abundant life found in Motion picture shows soon become tiresome, many Jesus Christ. are unwholesome and the boys do not have the money to pay for these amusements. They must TABLE 1 get their recreation some place. Why not in the church? Most of our churches are now used THE JUVENILE CRIMINAL AND THE CHURCH only one or two days a week. It is possible that a Place of Birth Fathers Mothers minister, working with his men could organize United States ……………….. . 44 41 clubs as leisure-time activities, varied enough to Italy ……………………….. . 22 18 appeal to the taste of most of the young people in Poland ……………………… . 8 10 the community. Each local situation should be Czecho-Slovakia ………………. . 3 3 Germany ……………………. . 3 3 planned in accordance with its own needs. Ireland ……………………… . 2 4 Such a program should interest these boys in Russia ……………………… . 2 4 the worship service of the church. There are England ……………………. . 1 1 some who doubt the efficiency of church attend- Australia ……………………. . 1 2 ance as a crime deterrent. A recent report from Lithuania …………………… . 1 1 Scotland ……………………. . 1 1 one reformatory reveals that there is a strong Wales ……………………… . 1 o correlation between church attendance before Haiti ………………………. . o 1 commitment and success on parole, and a still West Indies …………………. . 1 1 stronger link between church attendance while on Ukraine …………………….. . 1 o parole and success. 91 91 CHURCH ATTENDANCE PRIOR TO COMMITMENT Dead (Nationality not known) .. 9 9 Regular ………. 2 failing out of 26 ( 8 per cent) Total 100 100 Irregular ……… 35 failing out of 216 (16 per cent) None .; ……….. 15 failing out of 42 (36 per cent) TABLE 2 CHURCH ATTENDANCE ON PAROLE THE JUVENILE CRIMINAL AND THE CHURCH Regular ………. 2 failing out of 77 ( 3 per cent) Attendance Irregular ……… 29 failing out of 169 (17 per cent) None …………• 23 failing out of 41 (56 per cent) Church Reg- Fre- Sel- Never Membership ular quent dom Ministers cannot obtain work for all the unem- 45 ployed. They can do much, however, to improve Roman Catholic 63 8 1 9 7 the situation. Ample opportunities offer them- 1 4 selves to a minister for making employers more MPArfeertsihcboaydntiesrtBiaaEnpptiis.sct.o.p..a.l ….. 13 0 0 5 5 conscious of the needs of the employees. The 6 0 3 Christian social message from the pulpit should 6 0 1 1 1 be practical enough and so pointed that no em- 2 2 ployer can mistake the practical application. A 0 0 1 '0 modern minister should let the employees in his 0 1 parish know that he understands their· problems Hebrew ………….. 0. 3 0 0 0 and can offer practical advice and help. Labor organizations need the influence of an understand- African Methodist …. 3 0 0 Greek Catholic …….. 2 0 0 Baptist …….. ~ ………. 1 0 1 Dutch Reformed …… 0 .. 1 0 0 Totals ……………. 98 11 2 17 68 The 99th boy stated he was a Protestant but never at- tended. The 100th boy was not a member of any church and never goes. These figures were taken from the boys' own statements.

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II Effective Ways of Working 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO IN THE PROGRAM BUILD- to be used in the year opening in is one of the slogans of the new September, the n thoroughly day. ER'S WORKSHOP study them with your local groupings in mind. If possible, 4. Try to give every person in The "convenient season" for attend a summer conference your organization or group building programs is now upon where the new material is ex- something to do in the line of his us and missionary planners ploited. aptitude. All should work, learn, should take advantage of the fa- pray, give; but why hamper the cilities which summer affords 2. Ca,ter to appetites in the expression of truth by asking for that important bit of church matter of variety and pleasing Moses to make a speech or construction. The plans, speci- flavor. Don't serve the new Aaron to lead a multitude? It fications and blueprints for the things in the same old ways of might well be the task of a definew Home Mission studies are last year. Cast the material in nite committee to find not a but not yet available for your De- the form of p I a y s, pageants, the job for every member. Repartment Editor inasmuch as original dramatizations of the member that aptitudes which naher "mansions" are, like those in study books and leaflets, cos- ture has dyed in the wool can't Dr. Gordon's famous dream, tumed impersonations, visualiza- be faded out in the wash. "strictly limited by the material tions, object lessons, debates, sent up from below," namely, discussions, book reviews, mov- 4. Direct all study or inforsupplied in summer conferences ing and stereopticon pictures, mation into the channel of some and schools of mission study. capitalization of special days and expressional projec.t which shall An abundance of detailed plans events, exhibitions, demonstra- conserve instead of evaporating will be ready for our readers a tions, expressional projects for emotional energy. We learn little later. Meanwhile founda- hand, mind and pocketbook-all about this or that people in order tions may be laid according to the kaleidoscopic colorings for to do for them. the fundamental principles enu- truth which this Department has merated in this issue, and some tried to pass on from its con- 5. Use new charts. Find new specific plans of value are given stituency from month to month. machinery. Steer new courses. herewith. Sharpen up your Write to The Religious Motion But never lose sight of or subortools! Picture Foundation, 140 Nassau dinate the unchanging goal of St., New York City, for its cata- salvation through Jesus Christ On the Ground Floor log covering the widest variety for the whole world. Social of moving pictures available at service is a good means to the 1. Adapt plans to age-require- an insignificant price, if you can end; but it must never be misment and type of mind. For- possibly arrange to buy or bor- taken for the end. A unique iltunately m 0 s t denominational row a projector (s eve r a I lustration of adaptation of old agencies for missionary educa- churches sharing the same in- means to new conditions is aftion bring out annually courses strument, as in some friendly forded by the project called and programs prepared by ex- communities) . Study variety perts familiar with pedagogy and utilize the imagination. Cooperation Between the and current needs. "What is sauce for the goose" is no longer 3. Make sure you serve up P. T. A. and Church Schools considered "sauce for the gan- worthful material, not froth and der," as was formerly the case flavor meant as appetizers. Use The following article is contribin making up missionary pro- materials provided in the United uted by Mrs. J. D. Burton, Disgrams . for men and women, Mission Study Courses, supple- trict President of the Tennessee adults and children. But even mented by your specific denom- Congress of Parents and Teachwell-graded material needs to be inational plans and amplified by ers in the Sixth District: adapted locally, and this requires at least one independent publicagenuine work on the part of tion such as THE REVIEW, which The early history of education leaders. First write your de- sees beyond the boundaries of in Tennessee is the story of the partment of missionary educa- the various communions into the. early academies, in the main tion or the literature secretary Land of Universal Brotherhood private schools taught usually by for all the plans and materials and Cooperation. "Togetherism" ministers who had come into the communities for purposes of [301 ] evangelization. At that time these church schools were looked

upon as "foreign enterprises" Is it not possible that Mrs. Similar themes but much and the teachers as having nothing in common with the com- Burton has, in the foregoing, simpler ones must be used munities in which the schools outlined one of the "next steps" among junior groups. Are the were located and no cooperation with the public schools. This is in Home Missions? foregoing too hard for the averno longer true, and the leaders Instead of a "Preachment" age minister or his membership? in the private church schools The study necessary for adeand in the public schools have by the pastor or a program by quate discussion will in itself be learned to work together. It is unifying education and public the laity, why not have an occa- one of the high values of the sentiment in the Cumberland sional forum? Due to changes project. Do we "tremble for Mountains. The church schools today are rendering a fine serv- in psychology as well as current the ark of the Lord," fearing to ice in Christian education and pedagogy, this method of releas- "unsettle" our church folk? are pursuing the method of cooperation with other groups in ing information is becoming in- Most of the m, particularly the region. The leadership of the two lines finds a common creasingly popular, particularly among the younger generation, m€eting ground in the Parent- Teacher Association Movement among the educated folk inclu- .have already raised the questions which serves the home, school sive of the younger people (but and guidance in their thinking and community. It is nonsectarian and nonpartisan. Much then don't we remember the ex- will tend to clarify rather than is being accomplished in the way of coordination of e f for t. citing debates in "the little old to unsettle. This guidance is one Through this method public and private educators meet in joint red schoolhouse" of our youth ?) . of the major tasks of wide-awake deliberation as to ways in which From Stanley Jones' round table pastors and leaders and will be their programs can be coor- discussions in India even to suc- a direct contribution toward the dinated for the good of all. This involves unification of effort, co- cessful American evangelism, missionary cause. ordination of endeavor and economy of expenditure. pro and con discussions under a The forum method is particu- larly adapted to the considera- The Sixth District of the Ten- leader who holds the reins firmly tion of subject matter in our nessee Congress of Parents and to direct and to prevent a run- new Home Mission study books, away seem to fit the mood of the outstanding among which for Teachers is composed of seven adults is "Toward a Christian counties in the heart of the Cum- present generation. Given a America: The Contribution of berland Mountains. There are live topic, a skilful leader, a Home Missions," by Hermann N. Morse. (Cloth, $1.00; paper, 406 public schools in the district. small group of round-table talk- 60 cents.) An idea of its con- The problem of isolation is a ers who know how to talk, and tents and of the debatable ma- permission for a later free-for- terial may be gained from the large one in a number of places. chapter headings: all from the floor, with a definite Church schools are maintained time limit, such discussions I. Home Missions and the Chrishere by the Congregational, the among persons of any age above tian Ideal for America. Methodist Episcopal, the Meth- the grammar grades may prove II. Home Missions Reach Out. odist Episcopal South and the most fertile. They may even III. Home Missions Come of Age. Presbyterian churches, all oper- furnish a good Sunday evening ating under the boards and agencies of these denominations. service for the harassed pastor who preaches himself hoarse to The method followed is to have the private 'schools as members a handful. IV. Home Missions Take Stock of of the P. T. A. Movement, and to have their leaders participate in In these days of doubt as to the Present. the need of Foreign Missions, V. Evangelization-the Need. the Sixth District Conference of VI. Evangelization-the Means. the State P. T. A. Leaders of why not arrange a forum to ex- VII. Home Missions and Social Wel- ploit such live topics as these: public schools meet and make fare. contact with leaders of church schools in this way, thus pro- Have Foreign Missions outlived VIII. The Ministry of Service. moting mutual understanding of their usefulness? Are we justified in IX. Can Christians Cooperate?

viewpoints and needs. The joint diverting funds so badly needed at X. The Promise and Its Fulfilefforts are eliminating many ob- home to present the Gospel to an un- ment. stacles to the educational development of the region through willing people filled with the national- This study is most timely. Its istic spirit? the P. T. A. program. Can western Christianity be grafted keynote was sounded at the In- on to Oriental civilizations? Or are not their own reformed and modern- ternational Missionary Council ized religions better suited to the back- in its meeting at Jerusalem, by grounds and needs of Orientals? R. H. Tawney, when he said: Will not Buddhism be adequate if "You cannot at once preach the revamped by Christianity? religion of Christianity and practice the religion of material Is any Oriental religion or philos- success, which is the creed of a ophy sufficient for personal salvation?

"By their fruits"-a comparison of twenty centuries under Christianit"y great part of the western world with a similar period under any non- Christian religion or philosophy. and is the true competitor of Christianity for the allegiance May the sacred writings of Bud- of mankind." The 1935-36 dhists or Confucianists be considered their Old Testament, on which to graft studies face up to this fact and the Christian New Testament? To what extent may we now with- study the remedy. After the program builder has read one or draw our support in money and mis- sionaries from mission churches? more of the books written for

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING'

our consideration, forum topics colors and consequent denial of equal- expressed in His commands to His ity in opportunity. followers? (The devotional service will suggest themselves, espe- may well feature these commands.) Disproportional spending upon ourcially when the study is linked selves in building churches and educa- PUTTING THE "I" INTO "FRONup with the book of two years tional plants to the neglect of the less ago, "Christianity and Industry privileged. TIERSMEN"

in America," by Alva W. Taylor. War the traditional method of set- This program may either be given tling disputes. illustrated with the blackboard or a (Price the same as for current chart on which the letter "i" has been books.) Some general discus- Food raised in abundance and de- placed, that letter being enclosed in a sion topics might well be: stroyed, while many are in bread lines. ring in each of the suggested words , Personal expenditure on trivialities and neglect of missionary benevo- Has social service a legitimate place lences. What can you find in the written by the speaker as her theme in Home Mission study and endeavor, spirit and daring of the Pioneer that develops – "p art i e s," "m 0 vie s," or should we confine ourselves exclu- can be used by us as we plan a Chris- "t h rill s," "selfishness," "laziness," sively to evangelistic effort? tian solution in crossing these "open "service," "faith," "industry," etc., frontiers"? treating the large capital "I" in the Can the needs of village or town be same way; or two cards about 8×10 better met by a community church List the qualities or characteristics may be prepared with lower case "i" than a variety of denominational or- of Jesus which you think would be on one and the capital on the other, ganizations? needed by the Christian youth of to- two speakers giving the talk so that day who would enlist in this crusade? one may handle the undesirable and A study of "cooperatives." the other the desirable qualities. In- (The word "pioneer" is used several stead of being written at the time, as American Christianity and a mech- times in Moffatt's translation of the meIttioned previously, the words might anized civilization. New Testament. See Acts 3: 14 and be prepared beforehand and circled Heb. 12: 2.) with red as discussed. Capitalism and Christianity.

Cooperation vs. competition.

The new Home Mission Frontiers.

WHAT ARE THE NEEDS OF HUMANITY? Speaker says the letter "i" repre- Sample Programs This study is to guide young people sents you and me-small and insig- nificant as we feel sometimes, so that The study of frontiers is a in discovering the common needs of we think it makes no difference what particularly helpful one among humanity around the wo~ld and help we do or say. So we put this "i" into the problems of the day. Where "movies," "thrills," etc., and get so are they? What type of leader- them become aware of the human engrossed in putting it into "good ship do they demand? What times" that we forget to use it anysupport can we render from the values to which Christianity has given where else. So long as we do that, it home base? Suggestive program will remain small "i," for it will find captions might be: Trails across emphasis in dealing with the problems its way into "selfishness," "indiffer- Frontiers; Trail Breakers; A ence," etc., and even, perhaps, into Christian Guide for the New of the world's needs. Ask the ques- "unbelief." As none of us wish to re- Frontiers; Scouting for the main "i" all our lives, we must study Kingdom in the Homeland; tion of the topic and list replies on the to put the "i" into "service," "faith," Christianity at the Crossroads in "trustworthiness," "generosity," "kind- 1935; Rediscovering America. blackboard. Leader of the discussion ness," "stewardship," "worship" and This Department is indebted to similar activities, in the course of the Disciples' publications for then directs the group thinking to the which it will grow and become large. packets of literature furnishing (Draw large "I," or second person studies on Frontiers, for young conclusion that we all need about the comes forward with card.) people. Programs might well be built on the topics and subtopics same things, regardless of geography, Many "I's" have become great by of which the following are ex- being put into "frontiersmen" who go amples: race or color; that some races in our forth with faith in God and man to some worthwhile task. There are GUIDEPOSTS THAT POINT THE WAY own land would have their needs met many worthy frontiers. Let us dis- cuss some sponsored by the Church- Jesus Christ the Supreme Pioneer. if we as Christians shared with them the field· of missions. Modern Guideposts Dis reg a r d more fairly; that the nations of the Boundary Lines of Tradition or Race. (The ensuing portion of the pro- To the Frontier of Life Work. world would enjoy a different standard gram includes short talks by several To That of Racial Understanding. members who give sketches of pioneers To World Peace. of living if Christians set out with a in various fields, either of their own To Law Enforcement. denomination or the world at large- To Foreign Lands. determination to share as they have Whitman, Grenfell, John Mason Peck, Call to a Crusade to Cross and Pos- been blessed. ' William Carey, Adoniram Judson, sess Open Frontiers. etc.) The common needs: A good Chris- Some of us would like to substitute tian home; a sound body; a chance the letter "u" for "i" in "frontiers," but it does not work. We cannot turn for, an education; an opportunity to over our responsibility to others with- out halting progress. work; wholesome recreation; friends *** and neighbors; worship and fellow- ship in church. God has a plan for each of us and Institutions through which our needs are met: Home, school, library, church, park, places of entertainment, hospital, stores, banks.

What is expected of each individual if these institutions are to function and meet the needs of the people?

Each person should contribute by (a) Living and sharing as a good cit- izen, regardless of race or color; (b) Working and sharing by giving of the particular ability that is his in con- tributing to his fellow man.

Do your fundamental needs differ from those of others in your commu- nity? Your nation? The world?

OPEN FRONTIERS Why? it is our duty to make the most of the "Frontiers are not East or West, Compare the community in which talents and opportunities He gives us, North or South, but wherever a man you live with. those of mission fields knowing well that the frontiers He fronts a fact." (home or foreign) of which you have appoints for us to develop will enable A Survey of the Facts: studied. Think of the different races us to render a worthwhile service and in the U. S.-Negroes, Orientals, Mex- to find genuine happiness. We know Freedom of youth to make its plans icans, etc., and say whether they have that He will not fail to put the "I" and choose its life work. the privileges which you have. that is Himself into the word: "Thou Common attitude of white people As Christian youth, in what ways hast been faithful in little things, that of superiority to other races or can you carry out Christ's ideals as enter thou into the joy of thy Lord." BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~,===–===–=-======–=-===-===-====—====,~ WATCH AND PRAY before my mouth; Keep the door by Senorita Laura Jorquera of of my lips." Santiago, Chile. The theme is Recently, an exiled German "On Earth Peace, Goodwill To- Recently, Pope Pius XI led his ward Men." Senorita J orquera Christian leader answered the people in praying that the war writes: question, What can we do now makers in the world might be scattered. The implication of Close upon three thousand years for the German people? by say- such praying is that cooperation ago, a prophet of Israel laughed deing quietly – "Too late, too late, risively, saying: "They see visions of with God, our Heavenly Father, peace, and there is no peace" (Ezekiel for the practical help which in prayer and action would 13: 16). And his bitter words have hasten the day when, as Isaiah rung through the years, and are bewould have come if the allies of foretold-"justice shall dwell in ing constantly repeated in the same the last war had granted but a the wilderness; and righteous- derisive tones today. little armament and had pro- ness shall abide in the fruitful ceeded to disarm in their own field. And the work of righteous- All things to the contrary notwithcountries but a little. And now ness shall be peace; and the ef- standing, we believe in and we work fect of righteousness, quietness and we pray for the advent of peace I can only say 'w a t chand and confidence forever." And among the nations, for goodwill there shall be no more war! among men. Pray.''' The implications of his During Holy Week, the presi- "Watch and Pray" are that dents of the Federal Council of Does anyone ask if working friends will keep steadfast and the Churches of Christ in Amer- for peace is home missions? Annot curse another people; also, ica, the American Section of the swer: What price home missions that prayer may bring wisdom Universal Christian Council, the if the world goes to war? how best to help. Do we "watch World Alliance for Internaand pray" that our own national tional Friendship through the Study and Act Rightly leaders, especially in public affairs, be given wisdom? An Months and years have gone American Christian I e a d e r startled a group by praying for Churches, and the International into the study now offered in the Mr. Hitler that he should "look upon his own people with com- Missionary Council, sent out a new home mission study text passion, and thus find wisdom world-wide call to prayer for "Toward a Christian America," for the next steps." Have we peace "To All Who Love Our by Hermann N. Morse. A discusprayed for Hitler? "Lord we believe. Help thou our unbelief." Lord Jesus Christ." Written at sion outline to be used in con- A communication dated March a time when "the spectre of war nection with the study of "To- 28, 1935, from the Woman's Disarmament Committee of Inter- again haunts the world" and ward a Christian America" has llational Organizations wit h when "today the world for which been prepared by Kenneth Dexheadquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, sent an appeal to the Jesus Christ died seems ready to ter Miller, pastor of the Presbywomen of the entire world "to remain calm in the face of the crucify Him afresh," the appeal· terian Church, Madison, N. J. complications and anxieties of the present hour." It begs them urges upon all Christians to Determined effort to bridge any not to circulate alarming and unsubstantial reports, but on the pray for peace in every public chasms existing among the contrary, never forgetting the interdependence of nations, to service, and in their homes; also young, the somewhat older, and keep intact their faith in the ideal of international coopera- that "in our own lives we so older church members is back tion. Do we "circulate alarming and unsubstantial reports" and truly have the spirit of peace of the other texts – "Christian so add to the general disorder? With the Psalmist, may we pray that we can be co-workers with Youth in Action" by Frank W. now, "Set a watch, 0 Jehovah, God in building a peaceful Herriott, and "What Will You world." Do About It?" by Frank W. Her- The next World Day of riott and Sue Weddell.

Prayer for Missions sponsored Will you also seriously con- by the Committee on Women's sider if last year's study of "Th~ Work of the Foreign Missions Oriental in American Life" has Conference, and the Council of changed prevalent attitudes to- Women for Home Missions will ward Japanese, Filipinos, and be on the first Friday in Lent, Chinese? Are our hom e s, February 28, 1936. The pro- churches, and communities gram for 1936 has been prepared changed because we studied?

[304 ]

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOM;E MISSIONS

God forbid that it could have into Christian ways of life, and He applied to the agency for such a job. There were no jobs just then. been only a passing show! true American citizenship. He wanted to be kept busy, he would The Lost Generation of At a recent meeting of the In- do some painting anyway if the dian Committee of the Home agency would furnish the paint. The agency had no paint to furnish. Joe American Indian Youth Missions Councils this question hung around the reservation. Futility, was discussed. It was sug- boredom, the ridicule of the old people The lost generation of Indian gested that missionaries among -well, drinking helped to get through Americans is the present one. the Indians should be supplied the day. Joe started to drink, first Here and there are bright areas with good books on anthropol- once in a while, then whenever he where Indian boys and girls are could get some one to pay for it, or having the opportunities to "life, ogy, as for instance "The Amer- get an odd job for enough to buy a liberty, and the pursuit of hap- ican Indian" by Clark Wissler; drink. piness," but over and around the few bright areas are storm "The Indians of Today," by Schools and communities clouds of suspicion, animosities, George Bird Grinnell; "The where a staff of Religious Eduheated arguments, and the de- Story of the American Indian," cation Directors is now being struction of life processes by the maintained by the Indian Compersons and groups who should by Paul Radin. "Facing the Fu- mittee of the Home Missions ture in Indian Missions" by Mer- Councils: riam and Hinman, and the lat- ter's study, "Indian Americans instead give life energy to con- and Christian Missions" are still Albuquerque and Santa Fe, New Mexico. Number of students enrolled: structive measures. Even church available. "Indians at Work," Albuquerque, 690; Santa Fe, 487. groups during the storm have issued by the Office of Indian Flandreau, South Dakota. Students, given less and less Christian Affairs, is available on request 450. leadership and money for reli- from the Department of Interior, Haskell Institute, Lawrence, Kan- gious education work among In- Washington, D. C. Sas. Students, 675.

dian students. They have grown In the present liquor situation Lac du Flambeau, Wi s con sin. weary in well-doing or they too in the U. S. A., Christian citizens Largely community work where pupils are in public schools. argue about matters which living near Indian neighbors can Salem Indian School, Chemawa, should be secondary to the reli- be of service in preventing ex- Oregon. Students, 300. gious training of these potential Sherman Institute, Riverside, Calileaders of a minority group of ploitation of "the lost genera- fornia. Students, 658. tion." Merriam in "Facing the American citizens. Future in Indian Missions" The educational policy of the From the March number of p(}i,nts out that originally Indians Government is concerned with Indian Truth, published by the were not distillers of liquor. "An building up family-and-commu- Indian Rights Association, the Indian with a little money is a nity life for Indian people. The good customer for the illegal dis- seven schools in which the staff following is ~uoted : is at work will continue. Sev- eral other large high schools When the Wheeler-Howard bill be- penser.. . Prohibition has came a law June 18, 1934, it author- brought a new set of problems. have asked for religious educa- ized .appropriation of $12,500,000 al- Ever since 1802 the Federal Gov- tion directors. The opportunity though not one penny was actually ernment has attempted to con- for mission enterprises of a made available. community type, such as at Lac trol the sale of liquor to ward The Budget estimates as submitted Indians . . . the bootlegger du Flambeau, is increasing. to Congress carried the following items for operating the Wheeler- takes advantage of open coun- Howard Act: Revolving Credit Fund try." And the people are de- With more cooperation of church $5,000,000 or one-half the amount authorized; .for land acquisitions $1,000,~ stroyed! g r 0 ups and individuals, the OOO-<me-haif. of the aut h 0 r i zed One of the directors on the Home Missions Councils are amount; for student educational loans staff of the Home Missions Coun- ready to serve more adequately $175,000c-which is $75;000 below the cils wrote recently: the Indian youth of today. authorization; and for expenSe. of tribal organizations, $250,000 -the Joe comes from a reservation in Bright Areas original authorization. South Dakota. South Dakota is mostly As Congress specifically authorized farming country. In times of drouth Young Indian Wedding: "Not certain appropriations to carry out the there are no .crops. When there are no provisions of the act, it would seem to crops there are no fobs, and no money. long ago a couple of our fine be in duty bound to at least accept the From Joe's home to the nearest well young people expressed their de- budget estimates; otherwise any fail-' of water was a walk of over a mile. sire to be married. Both were ure to secure the results expected can-. :.Joe's father and mother did not care graduates from the Sherman Innot be charged against theadminis:,J' ·much any more. Joe went away to a dian Institute. The young man trative officers. ;' . . . r 'vocational school. Painting seemed to fit him best, and he was good at it. is employed at the Institute on One controversial mat t e r Not particularly gifted as a leader, the farm. As they wanted a Joe was. nevertheless cooperative and quiet wedding we were delighted which limits advance in religious community minded. The staff de- pended' on his support in student ac- to have them choose our home work is the advantages and dis- tivities. Then at his graduation, Joe for the occasion. advantages of recognizing the' went back to the reservation. If ever best in the old' Indian culture a place needed paint it was Joe's own "On the morning of the chosen and customs and using these best home. But the old people grinned. day the bride brought arm loads where was the money to buy paint? elements as bases for growth of wildflowers to decorate the

fireplace. Red candles- were College where they have been Hitherto the Commission on Interplaced on the mantle in accord- students for two years, living at ance with their wish. Lovely racial Cooperation has taken no posisprays of apricot blossoms com- Sherman Institute and earning tion relative to federal anti-lynching their board and room by render- legislation. We were agreed that the primary responsibility for the preven- pleted the decorations. ing twelve hours' work each tion and punishment of lynching rested upon state officials and courts, week. and that, in the last analysis, public Both girls are making very opinion was largely the determining good records in their studies be- factor. Consequently, the Commission from its inception has worked contin- ing on the honor roll. They are uously along these lines, seeking anti- planning to become teachers of lynching legislation in a number of states, urging vigorous preventive measures when lynchings were threat- ened, asking effective court action ,.Ilgainst the members of mobs, and at the same time seeking through all possible avenues of publicity and edu- cation to build up a public opinion that would no longer tolerate crimes of this character.

Lynching records of the last fifteen years indicate progress along the line of prevention. Officers generally are more vigilant than formerly in the protection of prisoners, thereby re- ducing the lynching toll. Meantime intelligent public opinion is practically unanimous in condemnation of mob "By eight o'clock in the eve- violence. On the contrary, with rare excep- ning a few close friends and be- tions, attempts at prosecution in lynch- ing cases continue to be futile. In loved teachers had arrived. The nearly every case the community hyssoft light of the candles and the teria which gives rise to a lynching open fire shed a mellow welcome. makes impossible any effective court "As the music began, the EUNICE LYNN action against the perpetrators of the bride, dressed in blue, and wear- crime. Consequently, in not one case ing a bouquet of violets, came in ten is an effective effort made by quietly in on the arm of the tall the authorities to identify and proseyoung groom. As the age-old cute the members of lynching mobs.

service proceeded the look of Home Economics. Both have Even in the rare cases in which such earnest reverence on their faces been active in the Christian efforts have been made indictments was indeed beautiful. And as work at Sherman, being Church have seldom been obtained, and conthey knelt in the firelight for the School teachers and leaders in victions have usually proved impos- various activities. closing blessing a prayer as- sible. ACT AGAINST LYNCHING Disappointed by this record of imcended from each of our hearts that they might be kept for many potence on the part of state and local officials, the Commission has reluchappy years of usefulness." tantly been forced to the conclusion that little is to be expected from this Eunice Lynn and Viola Meroney are both graduates with Of great interest not only to source, at least in the immediate fuhonor from Sherman Institute, those church groups and indi- ture, and that an appeal to the feda Government Indian Trade viduals who have endorsed a fed- eral courts in such cases is justified school. Both girls graduate this eral anti-lynching law but also and demanded by the conditions. spring from the Riverside Junior to those who have hesitated to do so is the following statement, The Commission favors, therefore, which comes from the Commis- the enactment of federal legislation sion on Interracial Cooperation, to this end, in the hope that federal agents and courts would be in better position to act fearlessly and effec- tively in the prosecution of partici- , Atlanta, Ga. This organization pants in the crime of lynching.

represents thoughtful and con- During the months since J an- scientious men and women, uarY,when the Costigan-Wagner white and Negro, from the four- Anti-Lynching Bill was intro- teen Southern states. Its mem- duced, multitudes of church peo- bership is composed largely of ple throughout the country have church leaders and educators gone on record in its favor. The whose wide knowledge of condi- Department of Race Relations of tions makes any statement is- the Federal Council of Churches sued by them of unusual signifi- has acted as a clearing house for cance. This statement which the denominations in respect to was given to the press and sent this measure, keeping church immediately to all the Southern leaders in touch with its prog- VIOLA MERONEY senators, is as follows: ress.

AMERICA Student Beliefs dispensaries, schools

community houses, Sunday A "City of God" Dr. William Lowe Bryan, schools, churches. President of Indiana University "St. Augustine was not the since 1900 and a consecrated Fifty-two colleges, twelve thelast to dream of a 'City of God,' " Christian leader, has had in- ological seminaries and fortysays a writer in the Presbyte- scribed in the lobby of the new eight universities are among the rian Tribune. The new mayor Union Building the following in- centers of work of the Board of of Vancouver, B. C., ran on a scription: Christian Education. It aids the platform of Christian reform educational work of 9,000 and during the campaign daily The University regards the Universe churches and Sunday schools, attended special prayer services Within whose infinity have emerged and maintains sixty-five Presbyconducted by the First Century terian ministers for work among Christian Fellowship. His first Order-Life-Mai, 50,000 Presbyterian students in public act as mayor was to pro- .Aristotle, Galileo, Shakespeare, universities. It gives financial claim a Day of Prayer, and help to students, recruits new closed the proclamation with the Lincoln, Jesus Christ. ministers and missionaries, eduprayer that He who had once cates the Church in money-raisgiven a vision of the Holy City A questionnaire has been cir- ing and in social progress, stim- "will grant us a vision of our culated at the University, the ulates and develops worship and city, fair as she might be; a city result of which is given in per- work in the local churches, and of justice, where none shall prey centages of students answering: every year publishes millions of on others; a city of plenty, copies of Sunday school lessons where vice and poverty shall Do you believe in God? 96 and illustrated weekly papers. cease to fester; a city of broth- per cent yes; 3 per cent no; 1 erhood and happy homes, where per cent doubtful. The proposed merger would all success shall be founded on bring the boards and agencies of service and honor given to noble- Do you believe in Jesus the Presbyterian Church down ness alone; a city of peace, Christ? 93 yes; 5 and 2. to three; twenty years ago there where order shall not rest on were seventeen. force, but on the love of all for Do you believe Jesus to be dithe city in which they dwell." vine? Answers, 80, 5 and 5. New Homestead Project Important Centenaries Do you attend church? An- Two hundred families on re- swers 89, 8 and 7. lief are to be transplanted to the Matanuska Valley in Alaska. Do you believe in prayer? An- swers 89, 9 and 2.

-Presbyterian Banner.

Consolidation Proposed A project for uniting two or- ganizations with assets of $47,- The present year marks the 000,000 and annual expenditures They have been tentatively secentenary of a number of im- lected from those who from exportant missionary develop- of more than $5,500,000 will be ments in the Protestant Episco- one of the questions to be perience and habits are best fitpal Church-among them: decided by the annual General ted to lead the rigorous life of pioneers in a northern climate. The reorganization of the Domestic Assembly of the Presbyterian They will live in tent cities durand Foreign Missionary Society and Church in the U. S. A., opening the formation of the Board of Mis- at Cincinnati May 23. The two ing the summer while the govsions, superseded in 1919 by the pres- ernment is building log houses ent National Council. bodies to be merged are the and clearing the woods. The Board of Christian Education, The departure of our first mission- and the Board of National Mis- settlers will take with them all aries for China. their household belongings; and sions. tractors and other essential The appointment of our first mis- More than 60 languages are farming equipment, together sionaries to Liberia. used by the 3,900 workers of the with live-stock, will be trans- The inauguration of the Spirit of Board of National Missions. ported to the site of the rehabili- Missions. They conduct 7,000 activities, The year 1935 also marks the trom Alaska to Cuba and Puer- tation project. Each family, un- 150th anniversary of the first to Rico; among mountaineers, migrants, Negroes, industrial der the FERA will be assigned a General Convention held in Phil- groups, Orientals, Indians, Eski- tract of 40 acres of improved adelphia September 27, to October 7, 1785. mo and Spanish-speaking Amer- land and a house. The site is icans. They operate hospitals, 125 miles north of the port of -The Living Church. Seward, on the Alaska railway.

[ 307]

It is estimated that this valley Only eleven groups contain more Mission Exhibit Dividends of 128,000 acres will accommo- than a thousand adherents, the remaining 383 having only a A recent mission exhibit in date 850 additional families on Ottawa disproves the idea that the basis of 40 acre tracts. dozen or two. These minor sects grow at the expense of the larger such methods have had their Since the Presbyterian Church ones, and multiply most rapidly day. The younger Episcopal in the U. S. A. has accepted re- when the parent group becomes sponsibility for this area, it is clergy of the diocese of Ottawa spiritually weak. sponsored this display. Work prepared to care for the reli- -Christian Advocate. gious welfare of these new com- among Canadian Indians, the munities. Rev. B. J. Bingle, Eskimo, and work in China, Jawho has carried on an itinerant extension work in the Matanus- New York's Indians pan, India and Palestine was . represented. Missionaries were ka Valley and is familiar with the conditions, has offered his The Cattaraugus Indian Res- present and gave frequent adservices to the Board for a min- dresses, telling about the work in ervation, some thirty miles from istry to the new families, and he Buffalo, is approximately twelve which they Were engaged. The will be on the ground ready to miles long and five miles wide. building was crowded every aftwelcome them. Arrangements ernoon and evening during the It has a population of 1,500 Senare being made to erect a house eca and Cayuga Indians. The week. After paying all expenses of worship as soon as a suitable Thomas Indian School at Irosite has been designated. a substantial balance was left quois, which is state supported, over to be devoted to the mis- has an enrollment of more than sionary work of the church. 225 orphan and needy children -The Living Church.

To Relieve Tension from the six reservations in the LATIN AMERICA state. A bus service takes 40 Senator Thomas, of Utah, has Indian boys and girls to the New Objectives in Mexico High School at Gowando. a plan, not yet proposed as a Baptist, Presbyterian and In March a conference of edu- definite measure, that there be Methodist Episcopal churches cational leaders and Board Sec- an interchange of American and have united in a program of retaries was convened in Coy- ministry to these Indians, in- oacan, Mexico, to study the Japanese students on a large scale. As Senator Thomas points cluding home visitation, daily whole educational problem in the vacation Bible schools, young light of shifting conditions. A out, students have been coming from the Far East for a number people's conferences, week-day new line of advance was suggest- religious training, social activi- ed and a new policy formulated, of years, but comparatively few Americans. have been studying ties, welfare work and related involving social centers and hos- in the Orient. He believes that enterprises. There are also a tels as substitutes for the tradi- the Japanese universities would Ladies' Aid, Red Cross Society tional evangelical. qay school, provide excellent opportunities and Girl Scout organizations. now made practically obsolete for graduate work. Ten thou- There is a fine relationship be- under the new legislation; in- sand exchange students could be tween the Indians and their tensive promotion of Christian financed for the price of a single education in the, home and the battleship. . white neighbors. -The Christian Advocate. church, and the preparation and -Presbyterian Tribune. pUblication of abundant and ade- The Multitude of Sects "The People's Friend" quate Christian literature. Lay leadership training, parent In a' recent newspaper an- For over twenty' years the training and more literature in nouncement of Sunday services above announcement has ap- the homes were recognized as in New York, Hindu cults out- peared on the bulletin board of foremost needs. numbered Methodist services ad- the San Antonio Mexican Chris- -World Sunday School News. vertised. It is believed that for tian Institute. There are now every religious group which advertises in the press, there are approximately forty' thousand Disaster Turned to Account ten which meet in private, in hotels, halls and apartments. Mexican people, either immi- This is the case not only in New grants or families of Mexican In Mazatlan, Mexico, the Mex- York, but in Chicago, San Fran- extraction, living in the Insti- ican Congregational pastor was cisco and London. All this is in- tute's area. Through its clinic denied the right to preach bedicative of the present confusion and health service, about 100,000 cause the quota of clergy alin religious thinking. The speed people have been helped in these lowed to the state was already with which these cults come and twenty years. Home life has full. His church had been satisgo is most significant. Since been improved, living condi- fied with the regular routine of 1925 no less than 214 new reli- tions have been transformed; public worship, with hardly any gious sects have arisen in Ham- every activity is impregnated interest in social service activiburg, Germany, and 123 of those with the Christian message and ties. This recent restriction sudthen existing have disappeared. ideal. The Institute has, indeed, denly waked up the congrega- tion, and in cooperation with the been "the people's friend." -World Call. pastor (acting as a layman) in

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

a program for social action, they when one considers the handicap children attracted many to are serving the community more which some are under in not being church. Through the children effectively than when their priv- able to read English. There are so adults were won, and a virile ileges were intact. For church few books in Hindustani. One of the work grew up. Young converts services they have joined with men bought a copy of Tarbell's Sun- became keen evangelists and visthe Baptists, whose pastor has a day School Lessons at the beginning ited neighboring villages, in permit to officiate. of the year. I knew he could nO't read many of which groups of Chris- a word O'f English and asked him tians formed. Opposition is not -Missionary Herald. what he would do with it. He replied so open as it was twenty-five that he would have his little boy read years ago, but petty persecution At Guatemala's National Fair it to him each day. During the year is persistent. Thousands of peo- ple are tired of Rome, and un- Guatemala's annual fair in some have come to us from Hinduism, fortunately many of them have November, 1934, gave a splendid turned to atheism, socialism or opportunity to present the Bible and are giving good account of them- spiritualism. to the people. This fair is at- selves. tended by open-minded people -The Christian. who accept everything that is -United Chur,ch Record. offered in a friendly spirit. A EUROPE booth was secured in a good loca- Brazil ForWard Movement tion, expenses were provided lo- Religious Film Society cally, missionaries cooperated A committee to carry out a with enthusiasm. There was also two-year program of spiritual A new organization in Great an Indian helper who had had development along the lines of Britain called "Guilds of Light" experience in bookstand work. the Forward Movement was ap- acts as advisory body to all He had his daughter with him, pointed at the 37th annual Coun- Christian agencies anxious to exin Indian costume. She had cil of Southern Brazil. Statis- periment in the use of the movbeen taught to play the organ. tical reports show gratifying in- ing picture for Christian ends. This in itself drew many people creases in the number of public It has founded the Religious to listen, as it is unusual that an services, in the total number of Film Society, whose work is Indian woman should do any- communicants, in the number of thing but grind corn, do the pupils in the day schools, and 1. The collection of all possible incooking and care for the chil- also a slight increase in total re- formation likely to be of value to anydren. ceipts in Brazilian currency. one desirO'us of experimenting with Many bought copies of the A committee appointed a year the film as a Christian implement. Bible or Testaments; portions ago to study the question of selfand hundreds of Gospel tracts support had reported the follow- 2. The stocking, exhibiting and hirwere given out to all classes of ing recommendations: ing of the types of projector and other people. Cultured business men apparatus most likely to be satisfacstood in astonishment, listening 1. That the self-supporting parish- tory in the hands of the amateur exto words of wisdom from the lips es maintain their contributiO'ns made hibitor. of the Indian brother, or from up to' the present time for the supa plain-looking student. The sale port of the clergy; 3. The production frO'm time to of Bibles was larger than for time as funds permitted, of specially many years. 2. That the congregations nO't yet written films which would be avail- self-supporting increase their contri- able on easy terms to all members of -Bible Society Record. butions toward the supPO'rt of the the Society. clergy accO'rding to a sliding scale. High Standards in Trinidad The scale includes every missiO'n in Two of the Society's films have the district; already been exhibited, "Master- Rev~ D. R. Macintosh, a work- ship" and Inasmuch" ; while er for the United Church in Can- 3. That each parish in additiO'n to' "David Livingstone" is being ada, writes from Princetown, these contributions pay the 7~ per prepared. Trinidad: cent due the Pension Fund; -Religious Tract Society. I was surprised to find the work of 4. That in every parish, cO'ngregathe church in Trinidad so well or- tion O'r missiO'n, there be created and Paris Three-Day "Mission" ganized, and am much impressed with intensified the spirit of general coopthe high standards of the schools. eratiO'n in the wO'rk O'f the Church, In the Latin Quarter of Paris Our mission schools stand high in and that the members be taught to' a three-day "mission" in Jangrading among the schools of the col- contribute liberally toward the sup- uary attracted large numbers of ony, in agricultural work they come PO'rt of the clergy as a means nO't listeners. The speakers-Charles first. One of the schools in this field only of hastening the independence of Westphal, W. A. Visser 't Hooft, holds the record, having taken first the Church but also of stabilizing its Pierre Maury-presented three place for the third year in succession establishment in Brazil. subjects: Existence de Jesusin 1933. Christ; Humanite de Jesus- -The Living Church. Christ; Devinite de Jesus-Christ. I never cease to wonder at the fit- Students in the Latin Quarter ness of 50' many O'f O'ur native preach- The Argentine Field have come to expect the missions ers for their work. They have surely of the French Student Christian made the most O'f the O'Pportunities Facts about the work in Ar- Movement which have been held gentina were brought out at the each winter for three years. The annual meeting of the Evangel- meetings were attended by in- ical Union of South America, held in London. An account was given of the establishment of a church in a small inland town, where first results were 'very meager, but the work of a Bible teacher at open-air services for

creasing numbers during the long history I know no single AFRICA three days – a heterogeneous moment that approaches the New Film Project group of foreign students, Stu- present in its terrible serious- dent Christian Movement mem- ness." What promises to be a valu- bers, communists and many Ro- He concludes his article with man Catholics. All participated able film project is to be under- in the discussions. Perhaps the the following words: "We dare greatest lesson which the organ- not expect too much from men. taken in Africa by the Depart- izers of the mission have learned There is only one thing that we is that students are eager to find can do and that is, to appeal to ment of Social and Industrial out about the central truths of all our friends in all the world the Christian faith, and that to pray to God with us. He can Research and Counsel of the In- therefore it is much less neces- help. He has proved this often. sary than generally is believed to He can turn his severest extrem- ternational Missionary Council. spend large amounts of time and ity of German missions into energy on the preliminary or in- blessing. Therefore let us pray. It IS proposed to establish an extroductory subjects, to which in The danger has reached its peak. previous missions a rather con- Let all help that can!" perimental film-producing studio siderable amount of attention had been given. The missionary societies of at Vuguri, Tanganyika Terri- Germany are joined in a general lntercollegian and association known as the Ger- tory, where both instructional Far Horizons. man Evangelical Missionary Diet. In 524 stations they have and recreational films, based on In Old Castile 1,586 European workers, and 10,951 paid helpers. They care African life, with African ac- Valladolid, at one time the for 1,225,792 native Christians capital of Spain and famous in and 67,000 inquirers. They con- tors, will be made. . These films history as the place where Fer- duct 3,982 grade schools and 109 dinand and Isabella were mar- higher schools with 250,000 pu- will then be exhibited to native ried, Columbus died in poverty, pils. They maintain 31 hospitals and Phillip II was born, is now with 37 physicians. audiences over a wide area in a city of about 100,000. Rev. F. H. Grey was given permission to Protestant Movement in Northern Rhodesia, Nyasaland, hold an eight-day mission in this center of Spain's Reformation, Austria Kenya and Tanganyika. The obwhere many perished in the Inquisition. He writes in the It is reported from the Bureau ject of the scheme is to find out Latin American Evangelist: of Interchurch Aid, Edinburgh, that about 80,000 Austrians are how the African can be helped We had sought to prepare the preparing to leave Catholicism, ground by special prayer and the dis- in addition to the 22,000 who by means of the film to adapt tribution of 4,000 invitations, this lat- have already joined Protestant ter being zealously taken up by the churches. This is in the face of himself to the new ideas, morals, young men of the congregation. From many handicaps. A Roman Caththe beginning we felt conscious of the olic has twice as much opportu- customs and laws, according to power and working of the Holy Spir- nity for employment as a Prot- which his life has more and more to be ordered; and to introduce him to the best of these before his morals and his tastes are corrupted by less desirable films.

The whole project will be worked with the close cooperation of missionary, anthropological and government specialists, and will, it is hoped, prove to be of great value to all who are working for the welfare of the native in Af- i rica.

The scheme, which will re': quire from 18 months to two years to complete, has been made possible by a grant from the Carnegie Foundation.

it in our midst. Notwithstanding the estant and has no church tax to Changes in Seventy Years political unrest and fear as to the pay. Protestant churches are future which followed in the wake of the Revolution, the attendance at the self-supporting. The movement, Seventy years ago in what is meetings was very good, and the results were a real spiritual uplift for which was at first from all class- now the Diocese of the Niger, es of urban population, is now where Bishop Crowther began the believers, quite a number of souls spreading out in the country work, there were no churches or brought under the sound of the Word, some for the first time, and deeply im- among the farmers. It was pe- schools. To become a Christian pressed, and, finally, some led to a nalized by Dollfus and still is. then was to face the risk of persaving knowledge of the Lord Jesus Christ. Those leaving the Church of secution, even martyrdom. To- Rome are ordered to be medi- day, as the result of C. M. S.

Present State of German cally examined as to their sanity. work in the diocese, there are Missions Ministers have been fined for 1,285 churches and 620 schools writing about Protestant opinion with an enrolment of 33,000 p.u- Prof. Martin Schlunk of Tii- of history or even for explaining pils. Scores of towns and vilbingen says in· an introductory Protestant doctrine. When giv- lages are still unevangelized, and article in the Neue Allg. Mis- ing religious instruction to con- wherever new openings are sionszeitschrift concerning the verts they are put under police made there is a ready response condition of the German mis- supervision. Yet the movement to the Gospel. In the Nsukka sions, "German missions are in mounts ever higher. district, where pioneer work be- the utmost peril and in their -Sunday-School Times. gan only some six years ago,

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

there are now forty-five church- stage of development, the prom- and the American Board. Aces with an average attendance cordingly, a joint visit was made on Sunday of 4,000 people, and inence is given to subjects con- in November by representatives the life of the district is being of the two societies, and of the changed. In the Nupe district nected with home building. At Syrian Church. The deputation of Northern Nigeria, which has was impressed with the urgent been a hard and somewhat bar- the L. M. S. School in Tiger need, but reported one encourren field, the past year has wit- aging piece of work. At Kamnessed a record number of bap- Kloof girls have the choice of ishli a church building has been tisms (fifty in all) and also the erected largely as a result of the ordination of Mr. D. T. Sheshi, a four distinct courses: teacher efforts of the local community. native of Bida. He was the first This church was dedicated while convert from Islam through the t r a i n i n g; secondary school; the deputation was present, in a work of the C. M. S. in this area. service conducted in four lan- spinning and weaving; indus- guages, Armenian, Turkish, Ar- -The Life of Faith. abic and Syriac. trial, comprising domestic sci- Chieftain Finds the Way Syrian is becoming more and ence and needlework. Each more conscious of the needs of Sekulu Malenga was a chief- the rural areas. Village welfare tain who had an important part course requires three years' projects were conducted during in the development of the Ga- the summer by the American langue Mission as teacher and study. Personal and community University of Beirut and the adviser of the missionaries in Junior College for Women; but things relating to the country, hygiene are emphasized through- as yet not much has been done language and tribal customs. to meet the religious and evan- He died not long ago at the age out the course. One of the chief gelistic needs of rural areas. of ninety-seven, and just before The Presbyterian Mission is his death he said to the mission- needs of the African girl is to studying the problem, with a ary, Mr. McDowell: view to making it one of its aims know how to use her leisure in the future. I am an old man. I have held my children's children's children. I am wisely. When she leaves school -Near East Christian now tired. In myoId age I have Council News. been blessed: with new friends and and goes back to her home there acquaintances, principally the Lord Palestine's Mission to Jews Jesus, the child of the Great Chief. are often hours a day when she I go to Him and to my fathers with The Church Mission to Jews ill-will toward no man. My going is is left to her own devices. "Way- in Palestine lays the chief emno mystery. Rid of this tired body phasis upon follow-up work with and face to face with my Saviour and faring" (Native Girl Guides) is the individuals who seem of in the presence of the great Elders of most promise. The work of one the people, from Sekulu, Moses and one of the ways that Tige:r: Kloof individual with those who are Joshua on down to the present time, really seeking the truth is held I hope to be able to think more clear- is trying to meet this need. The to be of more permanent value ly and help to a larger degree my than the crowded program of a friends and children. industrial girl with her knowl- large staff of workers. The hos- pital in Jerusalem attracts a Sekulu became a Christian edge of crafts is an invaluable large ilUmber of Jews, and there about seven years ago. At that are vast opportunities for reachtime he held a large audience help in "Wayfarer" work in dis- ing the whole Jewish population. spellbound with the story of his The mission center is on the outsearch for life. He ended with tant places. For eighteen years skirts of Tel-Aviv, with its purethis statement: ly Jewish population – about about six Christ – consecrated 85,000. There are many indi- Today I join the caravan of a vidual Jews and J ewesses living great Leader, and I trust Him to girls pass out of the school each in Tel-Aviv who are definitely lead me to a just settlement of all seekers after truth, and some problems. The little that I have al- year. -The Chronicle. who are very open to Christian ready heard and understood of His influence. The task of the misway of life gives me enough to make Afrikaans Bible Sales sionary is to find them out and a start, and no caravan leader ex- to keep in touch with them. plains the whole trip at its beginning. Although it is only a year For these many years I sought after since the Bible was translated A new development is recordsomething, I knew not what. Now into Afrikaans, over 250,000 ed among Jews in Bagdad. An I have found it. copies have been sold in South ordained Hebrew Christian has Africa. As many as 10,000 Bi- gone there in the dual capacity -Missionary Herald. bles were bought in a single week. About 2'50,000 other peo- Girls at Tiger Kloof ple of the erstwhile Dark Con- tinent will be benefited when the Higher education for African translation of the whole Bible girls is, as yet, the privilege of into Bavenda is completed. For the very few. In their present the last fourteen years the Ba- venda, a tribe of northern Trans- vaal, have had to be content with the Psalms and New Testament.

-The Christian Advocate.

WESTERN ASIA Syria's Needs In recent years, new commu- nities have sprung up rapidly in northeastern Syria. These are very inadequately occupied in the missionary sense. At a meet- ing of the United Missionary Council of Syria and Palestine in Beirut, it was urged that this territory be made a field for united effort, especially on the part of the Presbyterian Mission

of pastor to an Arabic-speaking said: "Perhaps you would like to expense until its industrial pro- Christian congregation, and mis- know why I am a Christian?" They duction justified it. Dakhina, sionary to the 80,000 Jews living signif}.ed yes, and I said: "First of quick to grasp this principle, in there. He has a difficult piece of all, of course, I was born into a Chris- spite of his priestly caste, depioneer work to tackle, which tian home. But while still a boy I cided to learn the dignity of will make a heavy demand on knew little about Christ until I start- manual work. He also learned his patience, pluck and tact. ed to read the Gospels myself. Then the wonders of God's grace, and I discovered that Jesus Himself said, now prays that in spite of Hindu -Near East Christian 'I am the Bread of Life: I am the wife and relatives he will be bold Council News. Living Water. I am the Light of the enough in his belief in the Lord world. I am the Way, the Truth and Jesus as his Saviour, to testify Persia Now "Iran" the Life. I am the Resurrection and to it through baptism. Other the Life.''' Certainly they would Hindus hav~ followed, some have Another change in geograph- agree that no man could live without been baptized. ical names went into effect these things. To this they nodded March 22d, when Persia became assent, and I said further that since From various missions and officially known as Iran – its I had found Jesus as Saviour and distant parts of India, many Inorginal name. It links its people Lord, there had been peace and joy dian Christian young men, of racially and historically with the and satisfaction in my life. There ages varying from 17 to 25, and ancient Aryans. This is merely followed long dissertations from va- often outcaste from industry or an instance of nationalistic sen- rious ones, some of which I did not dependent on missions, were setiment, as by no means all Per- fully understand. They were attempt- lected as students. Many have sians are Aryans. Out of 10,- ing to show that all the prophets be- learned not only to be self-sup- 000;000 people fully 3,000,000 came in reality all that Jesus claimed porting but, being grounded in are nomads of uncertain racial as to the way, the truth, water, life, the Word by means of the threeorIgm. Hundreds of thousands etc. They said that of course there year systematic Bible course, of Jews live here. Many other were some things that they did not and in prayerful dependence on people are of distant Mongolian believe about Jesus, for instance that God, have started out to become origin. Nobody knows definitely He died and was raised again from "Young Pauls." Some have whence came the nearly 1,000,- the dead. I replied: "Of course, saved their earnings and set up 000 wild mountain tribes known every book m.ust bear its own witness. small work shops in their own as Kurds. But by whatever We Christians believe Jesus did rise districts. -Life of Faith.· name it is called, its missionary from. the dead because of the witness needs remain unchanged. Of its of the Gospels and the Apostle Paul." Week of Evangelism 10,000,000 people less than 65,- I told them what the Apostle Paul 000 are Christians. The only wrote in 1 Corinthians 15. Then I Christian forces in Mid-India agencies at work are the Amer- said, "But not alone from this wit- united in a week of evangelism ican missionary societies of the ness do we believe Jesus arose and March 11-18. "Every member a Lutheran, Presbyterian and Sev- is living. We have the witness of our witness for the Lord Jesus" was enth Day Adventists, and the own hearts, and the experience of the the ideal kept in mind. English Church Missionary So- Holy Spirit, and His love and peace. ciety. The entire Protestant For these reasons we believe that He Methods suggested by the Rev. membership is less. than 4,000, arose from the dead and is living." G. H. Singh, Honorary Director with 2,000 of them Presbyteri- I had carried with me a copy of each of Church-Centered Evangelism ans. The ~omanCatholics have of the Gospels, one of Acts, and a for Mid-India, included the folmore than 60,000 communicants. copy of the Psalms. I said to them, lowing:- "I have some copies of the Engil with -Missions. me. Perhaps you would like to see 1. Christians testify, teach and them and have them." They signified work among their own relatives. With Afghan Mull~hs yes, and I drew them..from my pock- et. The musktihid raised them in both 2. Efforts be confined to a single Rev. J. Mark Irwin of Meshed hands to his forehead, and then sat group or caste. describes an opportunity which there holding them with a show of came to him on a recent visit to great reverence. Soon they were in 3. Use of newly-prepared drama on Afghanistan. He asked permis- the hands of the others and they were life of Venkaya, famous robber chief sion of the governor for a visit all looking at them, and reading them of South India, available from Miswith the leading Mohammedan as the conversation continued. sion Press, Jubbulpore, for 2 annas. ecclesiastics. The governor cordially arranged this. Mr. Irwin INDIA AND BURMA 4. Prayer, undergirding the work writes in the Presbyterian: every step of the way. Industry and Evangelism At ten o'clock we were taken to the 5. Thorough preparation prior to government headquarters, and there Ten years ago Edwin Law- March 11. seated around a great table were rence, a young engineer who some ten or more mullahs, with the 6. Work continued for 12 months chief of Foreign Affairs and several held an appointment in India, of the year, fostered by a special comother men. At first I drew a deep mittee appointed at next meeting of breath and thought, 'Now what shall was led to found a new type of the Church Council. I say?" After formal greetings, I service which he named the "In- -The Indian Witness.. dia Industrial Mission," and lo- cated in a vacant mission prop- Floating Hospitals for Bathers erty at Cossipore, Calcutta. The first to join the Mission was a Hindus of India every 27 Brahman, who came looking for years observe a religious festi- on office position, but learned val, of which one feature is a that India sorely needed produc- pilgrimage to the sacred Ganges tion workers, and that this Mis- sion had no funds for overhead

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

River for a ceremonial bath of crisis has brought it about, that and methods of thought. About much work has already had to a dozen native Christians joined puri'fication. The year 1935 be given up even in the Danish the missionary and rendered val- Mission, which has had less to uable service. brought a recurrence of the fes- suffer than others. The other festival was at tival, which took place on Feb- Sangli Ohurch Life Courtallam, where thousands of pilgrims gather to bathe in the ruary 3d. More than 750,000 Sangli, in the Krishna River large waterfall. The people, valley, is the center of many however, were very indifferent, pilgrims invaded Calcutta, tax- enterprises. Willingdon Col- and many said, "Your religion lege, with its 350 students, two is not for us." ing its over-night lodging facili- boys' high schools, a newly- founded girls' high school and -The Christian. ties to the utmost. All along the many primary schools make it an educational and cultural Outcaste Wins a Brahman 1,500 miles of river millions of center. Through the American Presbyterian Industrial and Mr. Pickett, author of Mass others gathered for the same Agricultural School which dates Movements in India, tells this from 1884, Sangli is a pioneer incident: purpose so that the British Gov- in village uplift and rural recon- struction. Within 20 years it . While touring in South India I ernment was gravely concerned has become a center of light for talked with an educated Christian depressed classes. To pursue all Telegu, formerly a Brahman, and over possible epidemics in Cal- these lines of service, the station asked him how he came to accept force last year numbered fifty; Christianity. He replied: "Because cutta from the influx of throngs one ordained and four unor- of a most marvelous personality dained viII age evangelists, whom I met." He went on to tell of pilgrims. Floating hospitals thirty-one teachers, five Bible- how he had been traveling with a women, two colporteurs and gentleman, an Indian, whose convercarrying large quantities of dis- seven missionaries. Within that sation and manner were so cultured year the Central Church has and interesting that he had spent infectants circulated among the been able not only to meet every with him three of the most deligl;ttful obligation, including the pastor's hours of his life. He asked this acbathers. -Missions. salary, but to open a free library quaintance on the train what caste on the Mission compound, to buy he came from. He could hardly cred- Tamil Missions instruments for the singing it his statement that he had been an band, and to supply fuel and oil outcaste. The first speaker said he The veteran missionary of to 30 students attending the five- could not get away from this fact, the Danish Missionary Society, day Bible Institute which was and in the end bought a New Testa- Knud Heiberg, reports in the sponsored and financed entirely ment and studied it. He said the Dansk Missionsblad that condi- by the Sangli Church, with some mystery was explained, "I understood tions in South India are becom- help from the village churches. the power that could transform a life, ing more and more difficult for The Mission had no responsi- and I too accepted Christ as my Savmany of the older missions. The bility except friendly coopera- iour. I hunted up my friend of the Americans have been compelled tion on the part of the mission- train and asked him to baptize me." to retrench increasingly and the aries in Sangli. The Women's German missions are in a pitiful Society is a going concern. It -World Call. state since the German Govern- maintains five Bible classes. ment is preventing the sending Mass Marriage of Infants out of monies. He says that -Western India Notes. what makes the matter all the Their childish eyes bewildered more difficult, is that those in PTeaching at Festivals and their bare feet chafing the India can not obtain clear an- grass, 374 infant couples were swers from their country or Two Brethren missionaries married March 31 in North their boards on the real condi- have recently preached the Gos- Bombay Presidency. It was the tions. pel at two large heathen festi- largest mass child marriage cer- vals. The first was held near emony held in India in many The Tamil Evangelical Luther- Christianpettah, where the god years. Some brides and bridean Church has given almost all worshiped is supposed to be an grooms were mere infants in its workers notice of dismissal incarnation of Krishna. Mostly arms; some were small children. by May 31, and the conditions low-caste people worship at this Many babies, too small to walk, will doubtless force the German temple. The evangelists had to slept in the arms of their elders. missionaries to give up their put up with plenty of noise and Others gurgled happily at the fields of work, unless a change smoke, but they learned a great booming of gun salutes which comes before that time. One deal more of the native customs were a part of the ceremony. German mission which he knows Young bridegrooms arrived in was in this predicament-in decorated bullock carts and were January it received an amount carried before the priests. Many of 80 rupees, while its budget were not old enough to have required more than 3,000 month- even an inkling of what was takly. ing place. All the tiny couples There are some who have great ideas of having the Indian Church continue the work without the help of the older churches. But the time has by no means arrived, and even if there are parts of the work which the Indian Church can undertake in places where the branches have taken deeper roots, the present

then united in a feast, in which Christianity. The prevailing at- tives and backers of one's own the parents joined. titude of the vast bulk of Chi- clique. nese is complete indifference. -New York Times. Among the more educated class- -China Weekly Review. es Christianity is viewed as a Meet the Missionary! foreign importation, an alien, Effective Bravery cultural invasion. There is the Rev. C. E. Chaney, field secre- Communistic attitude which de- Dangiong, Fukien, is in a distary for the Baptist Mission in clares Christianity to be a form trict much troubled by bandits, Burma, after a tour in the Chin of economic imperialism and who make frequent raids on any Hills district, writes in the which condemns it, as it does all unguarded place, burning, loot- Watchman-Examiner: religio"n, as a deadly drug. The ing and killing. As the bandits typical attitude of the young had shown a certain degree of On arrival at Haka various ones Chinese today is that of the ag- respect for the Christian church came to meet us and shake hands nostic or secularist. and its workers, Christians in with us. One was a blind Christian Dangiong sent their valuables to who had heard of the visiting mis- -The Churchman. the church for safety. The sionary and had walked 100 miles bandits heard of this, and choosjust to shake hands. Two preachers The Best Governed Province ing a time when they knew the walked 25 miles to meet the visitor Bible woman was alone at the from the south. One evening I saw In a recent survey of condi- church house, they planned a the shadow of a man on the veranda. tions in China, Dr. Sherwood raid. The Bible woman, suspect- He was slipping away. I called my Eddy reports that of all the ing their intentions, had already companion's attention to him and provinces he visited Szechuen is persuaded the Christians to rewent to speak to him. He had walked the richest but worst governed, move their belongings. Then over 30 miles, and had, unknown to while Kwangsi is the poorest but she put a notice on the church us, been waiting a long time to see the best governed. Here the door saying: "If you want to the visitors. He was too timid to work of Dr. James Yen and the come and search the church, intrude. During the past 35 years National Economic Council was knock and I will open the doors. great changes have taken place in almost complete operation. Don't break down the doors." among the Chins. Every school is in process of de- The second night that she was veloping into a community cen- alone the bandits came, shouting It was my privilege to meet the and battering the doors. She first Chin convert, baptized in 1905, ter, is designed to include the quickly opened them and asked who is now a pastor in the hills. whole community in a scheme of the men not to destroy the There are fully 3,000 baptized Chris- practical education, which aims church, for there was nothing of tians, and nearly 500 came into the material value there. Quietly church this past year. at the reconstruction of all life. talking, she made the bandits But while Dr. Yen's work is quiet. They searched the place, CHINA deeply important and hopeful, and finding nothing, withdrew without a single exception his quietly; the brave woman then Christianity in Last Decade projects are being opposed open- fastened the doors and praised ly or secretly by the beneficiaries the Lord. -C. M. S. Outlook. Prof. James T. Addison of the of the old order, especially the old officials, fighting to keep Gospel Bands in Fukien Episcopal Theological School, their own selfish profit, privilege and prestige. Special meetings in Fukien Cambridge, believes that while Province led to the formation of Dr. Eddy suggested to Gen- 120 gospel bands. These volun- Christianity in China suffered a eral Chiang Kai-shek that China teer teams have won large num- needed not only new men but a bers to the Kingdom. Rev. Leonsetback during the Nationalist new system beginning with a ard Christian tells the story of fivefold program. 1. To have two members of a team. They Movement of 1925-1928, it really only a few laws but enforce were working in a suburb and in them; to protect the peasants each of four instances when they benefited by the trials of those from extortionate taxation; and had brought persons to the point to adequately pay officials so of becoming learners, a man years. A winnowing of weaker they will have no excuse for with much influence there undid squeezing, as in the efficient cus- all their work and turned people and half-hearted members took toms service. 2. To budget, against them. Praying for guid- audit and publish all accounts. ance, they were led to go in perplace and the gl-eat majority who 3. To promptly and surely pun- son to this man and explain the ish. all offenders. 4. To reward Gospel. Taking literature and remained loyal were strength- the honest and efficient. 5. Equal hymns and all the courage they impartial justice to all, without possessed, they came away raened in their faith. The Nation- protecting or promoting unwor- diant, for the man, and his son thy officials or incompetent relaalist Movement served to accel- erate a movement towards fur- ther placing of responsibility for the Chinese Church upon native shoulders and towards develop- ing a trul.y indigenous Christianity. .

The other salient feature in history of Christianity in China during the last 10 years has been the efforts towards union among mission bodies. One-third of the Protestant communicants now belong to the Church of Christ in China.

Dr. Addison names four distinct attitudes apparent towards

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

also, enrolled themselves as Most of these have gone back to the past year Rev. Song Sang learners before the afternoon their villages and started some- Suk has been giving one half his was over. thing-a Sunday school, a Bible time to special temperance work.

-Missionary Herald. Class, a Reading Circle, a Rec- Last June he staged and man- reational Center or a Better- aged a great temperance parade JAPAN Farming Lecture Course. in Pyengyang City where 5,000 "Golden Castle" School These Peasant Gospel Schools, people marched with banners however, have only touched the and flags through the city and some tens of thousands of sheet This (Southern) Presbyterian fringe of the problem. tracts were given out. He has school opened in Nagoya with made a point of urging that oraonly three students. To the gen- -Intercollegian and torical contests and essay writeral public it was just an insig- Far Horizons. ing contests on temperance be nificant part of the Jesus reli- held in all schools of higher gion. Forty-six years have Kyoto Episcopal Mission grade; out of this an interest passed and today it stands with has developed among students. complete internal organization In a crowded section of Kyoto, and full external recognition, a Strenuous ProgTams Girls' Junior College. where most of the people are en- gaged in silk weaving, the Epis- With an expenditure of $30 At present there are about twelve students of Chosen Chris- 1500 graduates of the school. copal Church maintains a center tian College were sent out to six These are scattered as far as of work, both through the spok- of Korea's 13 provinces, two Korea and Manchuria, and even men to each, during the summer to America and England. Among en word and through practical of 1934. These men visited 17 them are wives helping their help given to the everyday life different places and did work in husbands, mothers bringing up 29 separate churches from 10 to their children, consecrated evan- of the people. Its small and in- 24 days at a place, a total of 105 gelists of the Gospel of Christ expensive building is wholly in- days, which made the work cost teachers in kindergartens and about 30 cents per day. In these girls schools, employees in banks sufficient for the need. The meetings they taught a total of and business houses. All of them church is always crowded. A 10,201 children in the day time; are adding to the school's repute. kindergarten, night school, boys' and preached to a total of 22,881 Of those originally connected persons in the evenings. The with the school, only an old fir and girls' clubs, a reading room program was intended to include tree remains. It was planted by the teaching of language, arith- Mrs. Randolph, the founder. and a summer camp for 50 chil- metic, geography, singing, story dren are some of the activities. telling and Bible, to boys and -Presbyterian Survey. girls in the day time, and a pop- Japanese doctors and nurses ular night meeting for adults. Rural Advances In most cases, the men, ashamed carryon a clinic, and if you to let down the reputation of the In spite of rapid industrializa- college or to admit their own intion, 47% of Japan's population should happen to be in the ability, worked in the wee hours is still rural. One of the most of the night and attempted to significant accomplishments of church when Dr. Fujino, a ves- oblige these eager, expectant the Kingdom of God Movement folk. The men of the village has been its pioneering in this tryman in Kyoto, arrives to be- gathered in their room after the field. It adopted the strategy of evening services to talk until trying to capture the nation's al- gin the clinic, you will see him midnight and the children were most 12,000 villages by evangel- knocking on their doors by dayizing and training potential vil- first of all kneel at the altar to light the next morning eager to lage lay leaders. One hundred begin the day's work. short – term Peasant G 0 s pel ask God's blessing on what he Schools have been held in twen- has come to do. . -Korean Mission Field. ty-five prefectures, either under the direct auspices of the move- Much of the cost of this work ment or with its assistance. Each is supplied by a group of fifty Japanese patrons, each of whom contributes the equivalent of $15 American currency a year.

-The Living Church.

Temperance Movement in Korea All Christian churches of Ko- rea are temperance organiza- tions. No one having anything to do with liquor as maker, sell- er, distributor' or user can be a member of any of cthheurcchhuwrcohreks~ but until recently of these schools has gathered ers have been so busy winning ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC some twenty or twenty-five believers and creating their young men and women from as churches that they have not felt Jubilee in Papua many villages and given them a that they had the time or energy Sixty years ago, on November week or ten days of intensive to give to temperance work for 21, 1875, William G. Lawes, with training for Christian leadership nonbelievers. The W. C. T. U. his wife and small son, landed in in their respective villages. Over has been at work for years, but Port Moresby, New Guinea, the 2,000 rural young people have it was felt there should be a man first Europeans to make a home been enrolled in these schools. to lead in this movement. For in that savage land. They came

in the John Williams as mission- over 300 is now over 3,000, with Common Faith, a religion with God aries of the London Missionary 900 adherents and more than left out, advocated in a college which Society. Now a strong Papuan 1,500 baptized children under was once a Puritan stronghold. church has been built up and twelve years of age. The school over 500 Papuan boys and girls of 33 boys has grown into 38 3. The resistance of seven thousand attend the Christian day school. schools with over 1,800 children, German evangelical pastors to Hitler's Today Port Moresby is the res- of whom about 1,600 are Chris- edicts. They declared: "Obedience to idence of the British Governor tians, and from a staff of two the present church government is dis- General and airplanes fly over teachers, there are now 91, all obedience to God." the land that was formerly only of whom are Christians. traversed on foot through dense 4. German Catholics making com- jungles while war canoes plied -Malaysia Message. mon cause with German Protestants the bays and rivers. in defense of their faith.

Early Days in Borneo 5. The activity of the National Con- ference of Jews and Christians in the Just after the B()xer uprising United States. when 16,000 Christians became Hurricane in Cook Islands 6. Declarations by thousands of martyrs, a Christian Methodist '. Protestant ministers against a cruel of Foochow, a man of wealth competitive economic 0 r d e rand and education, decided to do as Raratonga, Cook Is., is asso- against war. the Pilgrim Fathers and seek a land of religious freedom. He ciated with John Williams and 7. A r(!emphasis of the importance found many willing to go, but his feat of building the Messen- of personal religion. where was the land? Like Abra- ger of Peace with no previous 8. The religious literature of 1934 ham he set out, not across the plains, but into the South Seas, shipbuilding knowledge and no shows a tendency away from the de- not knowing where he went. structive criticism which has long When he arrived in Singapore, ordinary shipbuilding materials been prevalent and toward a spiritual he was directed to Sarawak as or tools. Just as the London harmony. the land best suited for such an undertaking, where Raja Brooke Missionary Society was rejoic- owned 36,000,000 acres of good land. Here he met the Rajah, ing in a report of encouraging World Convention of C. E. who not only liked the scheme, but willingly gave land and mon- work done there, and plans for The ninth quadrennial World ey to charter a boat to bring the further improvement, a hurri- Convention of Christian En- colonists over. Then he returned deavor will be held in Budapest to China to get his men, and out cane brought crushing disaster. in August – postponed for one of the crowd he picked about The full extent of the damage is year because of conditions in five hundred men and twenty not yet known. The Mission Europe. The program will give . women, mostly Methodists, and equal recognition to three lan- put them on his chartered boat, House is far enough from the guages – Hungarian, German but sailing away from friends and English-and the speakers and home filled many with fear, sea to have escaped complete de- and conference leaders will be and they put in at Hong Kong. struction. The New Zealand chosen from every part of the It happened that Bishop Warne Government, which has the man- world. Budapest has been a was there on his way to Manila. strong center of Christian En- When he heard of this boatload date, will do all it can in relief deavor for many years. of Methodists on their way to measures, but cannot be expect- Borneo, he went to visit them, and when he saw how fearful ed to rebuild churches and hous- they were, he said, "Don't be es. Friends of the L. M. S. have afraid; I will go with you." He stayed ten days with them, or- subscribed £150, but much more ganized a church, and from this will be 'needed. band has grown a Christian community of more than 10,000. -The Chronicle. BapustS.S.Growth The small clearing in the jungle is now more than 200,000 acres MISCELLANEOUS At the close of 1934 the num- of cultivated land; five little ber of Baptist Sunday school chapels have developed into 46 Epochal Religious Events appointments; a membership of scholars throughout the world The only secular newspaper was advanced by nearly 1,200,- summary of the events of 1934 000. This includes an increase which touched the field of reli- of over a million in the Negro gion appeared in the Boston Transcript. Other pap e r s National Baptist Convention. printed necrologies, chronicles Dr. J. H. Rushbrooke attributes of disaster and crime, but none this large increase in Negro attempted to evaluate the trends scholars to the adoption of in religion except Dr. Dieffen- b:'tch who, in the Transcript, stricter statistical methods, since smgled out several religious a round figure of 1,500,000 pre- events which in his opinion are viously reported is replaced by a as epochal as those which very precise 2,588,834. There is marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modern times. a decrease of approximately Briefly they are: 11,000 in Europe, and this is ex- plained by the fall in Britan. 1. The admission of Russia, an atheist state, to the League of Na- Other continents show little tions. change, with the exception of South America, where last year's 2. John Dewey's Yale lectures, A total of 40,213 has increased to 45,250.

-Watchman-Examiner.

~'=~_ _ _ _—-"""""""~~='"

1 OUf Missionary Bookshelf I Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information I i(i*,,======——-==-=—-==–=======–=-=====~~ , Good Books on Home Missions* tier in relation to its significance We Must March. Honore WiIlsie in church history and its influ- Morrow. William Morrow Co. $2.00. Prepared by the Office of Educa- ence in bringing into being the New York. tion and Publicity Board of distinctive characteristics of National Missions, Presby- American Christianity. Authentic narrative of Narcis- terian Church, U. S. A. sa Whitman, the first white Religious Backgrounds of American woman to cross the Rocky Moun- What do we ask of a reading Culture. Thomas C. Hale. 1930. tains, and the part she and her list? That it shall add to our Little, Brown & Co., Boston. $3.00. husband played in the early hisbody of information? That it tory of Oregon. shall illumine our study with the The author traces the course story of the lives of those whose of religious history from the How Marcus Whitman Saved Orecompulsion was and is: Woe is time of the English "dissenters," gon. Oliver W. Nixon. 1895. Star me, if I preach not the gospel? through the period of dissent in Publishing Co., Chicago. Out of That it shall provoke to a fur- New England and Virginia, print. ther study of the aspects of need, down to the present-day phases underlying problems, and recog- of religious interest. A biography of Marcus Whitnized trends to which a single man, with the interesting incivolume can serve only as an in- FRONTIERSMEN OF THE CHURCH dents of life among the Indians troduction? Brief as it is, it is and an account of Whitman's hoped that the following list The Life and Labors of Bishop Hare. part in the opening of the Northmeets these requirements. M. A. DeWolfe Howe. National west. Council of the Episcopal Church. THE CANVASS $1.00. Francis Asbury, the Prophet of the Long Road. Ezra Squier Tipple. The Epic of America. James Trus- Interesting account of one of 1916. Abingdon Press, Methodist low Adams. Little, Brown & Co., the foremost leaders and cham- Book Concern. $2.00. Boston. $2.50. Reprint 1934. p~ons of the Indians, the first Episcopal missionary bishop to Organizer, founder of schools, Narrative account of the go into South Dakota to labor and "faithful shepherd." growth of America, told through among the Dakotas. In his thirthe story of the most momen- ty-seven years of service he es- Vanguard of the Caravans. Coe tous episodes and the biogra- tablished church policies with Hayne. 1931. Judson Press, Philphies of outstanding leaders in relation to Indians which are adelphia. $1.00. their relation to the panorama still being carried out. of American life. Life story of John Mason Peter Cartwright: Pioneer. Helen Peck, Baptist missionary on the SPIRES AND STEEPLES Hardie Grant. 1931. Abingdon Illinois frontier who preceded Press, New York. $2.00. the covered wagon caravan The Religious Foundations of Amer- across the Mississippi River in ica. Charles L. Thompson. 1928. Life of a "great Methodist and 1817. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. a great man," a pioneer prairie $1.50. preacher responsible for keeping Jason Lee: Prophet of the New Ore- slavery out of Illinois and "hero gon. Cornelius J. Brossman. 1932. Story of the religious elements of many a picturesque affair in Macmillan Co., New York. $3.00. which like the members of dif- the early days of the state." ferent races have entered into Romantic, authentic story of the making of America with an Sheldon Jackson. Robert Laird Ste- the work of the first missionary account of their influence on the wart. 1908. Fleming H. Revell to enter the Oregon country. He national life. Co., New York. founded the first permanent American settlement although CHURCH AND NATION Biography of an outstanding other attempts had been made pioneer worker, a "foreign mis- without satisfactory result. The Frontier Spirit in American sionary" to the Choctaws, a pio- Christianity. Peter A. Mode. 1923. neer in western frontier service, Mary and I: Forty Years with the Macmillan Co., New York. $1.75. best known for his sacrificial de- Sioux. Stephen R. Riggs. 1887. votion to missions in Alaska. Congregational Sunday School and Study of the American fron- Publishing Society. Out of print.

* Suggested Reading List in "Toward a Fascinating account of the toils and sacrifices, joys and re- Christian America," by Hermann N. Morse. wards of a pioneer missionary Any of the books noted in these columns. and now obtainable, will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[317 ]

family which began and carried of the working out of this prin- While our attitude toward the forward mission work among ciple. Oriental is still flexible he recthe Dakota Indians. ommends bending it toward hu- Roving with the Migrants. Adela J. man unity and Christlike under,. THE GEOGRAPHY OF HOME Ballard. 1931. Council of Women standing. for Home Missions and Missionary MISSIONS Education Movement, New York. EVANGELISM Paper,50c. Home Missions Today and Tomor- TUrn to your own denomina- row: A Review and Forecast. Ed- The challenge of the migrants tion for books and leaflets pre- ited by Hermann N. Morse. 1934. came to the author through senting the "pageant of the tri- Home Missions Council, New York. work with them. In this brief umph in Christ." Paper, 75c. book she points out the need of the migrants for love to God and SOCIAL RELATIONS This summation of an inten- the need of the church for love sive study made by the Home for man. .Religion Lends a Hand. James Missions Council is a valuable Myers. 1929. Harper Brothers, source and reference book on the The Machine Age in the Hills. Mal- New York. $1.50. definition, interpretation, analy- colm Ross. 1933. The Macmillan sis, outlook, and forecast of the Company, New York. $2.00. Religion as a helper in social home missions task. progress is the theme developed. This book sets forth the prob- Investigation of the institutions HOME MISSIONS, THE CHILD OF lems of the isolated mountaineer in the United States which apply who in recent years has been this ideal furnishes authorita- . THE TIMES drawn by the wheels of industry tive illustrations. into the hazards of mining life The Challenge of Change-What Is and communities. God and the Census. Robert N. Mc- Happening in Home Missions. John Lean. 1931. Council of Women Milton Moore. 1931. Council of International Relations for Home Missions and Missionary Women for Home Missions and Mis- Education Movement, New York. sionary Education Movement, New Why Wars Must Cease. A Sympo- Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60c. York. Paper, 25c. sium edited by Rose Young. 1935. The Macmillan Company, New Looking beyond the figures of The author presents a wider York. $1.00. the census, the author presents scope for home missions than is the forces which cannot be tabucommonly held and challenges Arguments against war are lated, the spiritual realities of the church to build according to forcefully set forth by ten writ- underprivileged groups. these specifications. ers nationally and international- ly prominent. These arguments In the Shadow of Liberty. By Ed- The Church in America. William batter down all defenses of war. ward Corsi. Macmillan Co., New Adams Brown. 1922. The Mac- York. $3.50. millan Company, New York. $3.00. Race Family and personal experi- From a wide experience and Brown America. Edwin R. Embree. ence appear to have shaped the varied contacts the author sum- 1932. The Viking Press, New York. heart and mind of Edward Corsi marizes the place and work of $2.50. -immigrant boy, settlement the church in our post-war na- worker, Commissioner of Immitional life. Here is a frank, unbiased gration, Director of the Home statement of the trials and tri- Relief of the City of New York CROSS CURRENTS umphs of the "new race," the in- -to a social outlook on life and termingling of black, white, and to a particularly human view- Industry yellow, which forms a tenth of point of Ellis Island. His career the population of the United has been profoundly influenced Christianity and Industry in America. States. by his father, Filippo Corsi of Alva W. Taylor. 1933. Friendship Abruzzi, Italy, who, because of Press, New York. Cloth, $1.00; The Jew and the World Ferment. his aggressive support of agra- paper, 60c. Basil Mathews. 1934. Friendship rian reform, was driven into ex- Press, New York. Cloth, $1.50; ile. Fortunately he was recalled Out of the conviction that our paper, 75c. by his election to the Italian pargreatest social and moral prob- liament-an office which he lems are industrial and that our The writer purposes to dis- never occupied for he was strickin d u s t ria I life has far out- cover how we should act toward en as he was about to give an stripped our moral and social the Jew whose prominence in impassioned response to the ovaadjustments is born this plea for the affairs of the nations as well tion of his fellow-townsmen. The practical Christianity. as in personal conflict is evidence young son was his father's com- that he is in the midst of the panion in exile, and was thrilled Protestant Churches and the Indus- world ferment. by his father's spectacular ca- trial Crisis. Edmund B. Chaffee. reer. 1933. The Macmillan Company, Orientals in American Life. Albeit New York. $2.00. W. Palmer. 1934. Friendship At ten years of age, with his Press, New York. Cloth, $1.00; mother, stepfather, brothers and Individual Christians and the paper, 60c. Church must face their relations to economic life, the writer con- The author shows his readers tends. Labor Temple in New what is behind the Oriental York City, which has been guid- mask-a likable, overwhelminged by Dr. Chaffee for twelve ly human Christian brother. years, serves as an illustration

OUR MISSION:ARY BOOKSHELF

sisters, Edward lalJded in New van through Ellis Island, until nomic conditions in America. work. Two emotions possessed arrested by the World War and By 1932 the outward movement him in turn. His wonder and finally brought to a standstill by of aliens exceeded the inflow. exhilaration prompted by his first view of the Statue of Lib- the Immigration Act of 1924, re- That America continued to be a erty and by the New York sky- flects the extraordinary opti- land of desire, however, is strik- line which, through the haze, he ingly and pathetically illustrated mistook for mountains, quickly mism of America. Mr. Corsi ana- gave way to fear when he over- lyzes the composition of the car- by the large numbers debarred heard his stepfather express avan-English, Dutch, French, because of quota restrictions or concern lest they be turned back Scotch-Irish and German-to because of surreptitious entry. at Ellis Island because of their Perhaps at no time in the his- limited cash. Fortunately for the middle of the nineteenth cen- tory of America has American Edward and for America this tury and then fresh accession to hysteria over immigration been fear was not well-founded for the number of Germans, Irish the Corsi family was included more unhappily illustrated than among the one and a quarter and British. But then the com- by the arrest, the examination million immigrants admitted to position of the caravan changed America in 1907. to Italians, Austrians, Hunga- and deportation of undesirable aliens. Speaking of this Amer- Referring to the next decisive riam'!, Jews, Slavs, Poles and ican mood after the World War Russians though the inflow of Mr. Corsi says "quickly the na- experience which came to him as Irish and Scandinavians contin- an immigrant lad, living in tional hatred turned from a de- wretched quarters on the lower ued in considerable numbers. feated Germany and lashed it- While opposition to immigra- east side of New York, Mr. Cor- self into a rage against all forms si says, tion sprang up from time to of radicalism and all sorts of radicals. Victor Berger, of Mil- Down the street on which I lived time, in the main Americans be- there was a little brownstone house, waukee, was a conservative so- which to many in the neighborhood lieved that America was the land cialist. Senator La Follette was seemed shrouded in mystery. It was of unlimited opportunity where a Republican Progressive. Fed- a settlement house, which some of our parents feared had been put there to any honest man could get a liv- eral Judge Landis of Chicago, in draw Italian children to the Protes- ing and where every clever man sentencing Berger to jail and tant faith . . . The day came, how- ever, when we decided to investigate could amass wealth. This confi- prison, said he regretted that he that house and find out for ourselves dence was not shaken until the what it was there for . . . I remem- world depression settled upon could not have him shot." It ber clearly the day I led my gang into was during these days that the that house of mystery . . . My admis- America like a blight. True cells at Ellis Island were packed. sion to the Home Garden, later Haar- America had imposed upon im- lem House, marked a decisive advance It was then that the "Soviet in my career . . . migrants restrictions designed Ark," the Steamship Buford, to safeguard public health, pub- was dispatched with 249 pris- My settlement contacts and expe- riences gave me a new understanding lic morals and to debar potential oners, all to be deposited in dead of American life and American ideals. paupers. Unfortunately these of winter at the Russian border. It was a new understanding, because regulations did not eliminate This was all a part of what Mr. until then such dreams as I had had "dumping" by foreign countries Louis F. Post, one-time Assistant of the land of promise were well-nigh shattered by the grim reality of what nor preclude the immigrants' use Secretary of Labor at Washing- I had been forced to undergo. Long ton, termed "The Deportations before my mother had gone back to of Canada as a half-way house. Italy both she and my stepfather had The first racial groups, as racial Delirium of Nineteen Hundred realized the futility of their adven- groups, to feel the restraining Twenty." Unfortunately as Mr. ture. America had failed to offer its Corsi came to know, the expres- pot of gold. It had offered instead of America were the Chinese suffering, privations, and defeat. and the Japanese. The Contract sion of this delirium did not end Labor Law became particularly in 1920 but found expression After graduation from Ford- difficult to enforce. Agitation during Mr. Corsi's term of serv-' ham College Mr. Corsi returned ice. Speaking of unknown de- to the Haarlem House as a full- over literacy tests, just before time social worker. While here, and after the World War, re- portees Mr. Corsi says, "I found one morning in 1931, Secretary that many of them were like men Doak of the Department of La- flected the new temper of Amer- condemned to die, praying and bor summoned him to Washing- ica towards immigration. But crying for last-minute reprieves . ton and President Hoover ap- this temper did not have full ex- -clinging to fraying threads of pointed him Commissioner of pression until 1921 when the Immigration at Ellis Island. first Quota Law, based upon the hope." The human interest in Mr. Edward Corsi presents Ellis census of 1910, was adopted. Island as a reflector of the ever- This was followed in 1924 with Corsi is dominant. He tells in changing American mood. The a more rigid Quota Law based considerable detail the' experien- steady march of the great cara- upon national origins with the ces of notable "guests" at Ellis census of 1890 as the base-line. Island both before and during This law clearly marks a change his official relationship with the in the American mind towards Island. He found some of these immigration. experiences humorous, others pathetic and others tragic. In From about 1928 the immigra- tion trend, or to keep to Mr. the first category is that of Migi Corsi's figure, the movement of the caravan, was checked by eco-

Cogic who was ordered deported Conformist. No Anglican needs The sociological expressions because of defective eyesight but a survey to define his parish. of religion are the goal of the the Government was compelled The pages devoted to "Minis- book which Mr. Fenner writes to hold Miji as its guest for the tering to Several Mission Sta- for the men of his own commun- full period of the war and during tions" should be read by all ion. There are excellent advices that time he plied a lucrative American rural Christians. His upon religious education, recre- discussion of lay readers might ation, and the rest of those distrade as tailor and barber.

Pathetic indeed is the story of well be translated into the Pres- ciplines upon which many men Paula Patton who was deemed byterian, Baptist, and Methodist have written well. There are to be mentally defective and languages. These denominations bibliographies for the socially therefore not admitted. Her indulge their members with minded to use in humanizing case shows political vacillation "once a month preaching." They their priestly manners. But to- of the authorities at Washington dilute the worship of God from day the rural saints are turning extending over a period from its Sunday holiness to a pale, to worship and to holiness, with 1914 to 1925 when she was lunar, shirt-sleeve langour. They order and maj esty as the goal of should learn of Mr. Fenner to their aspirations. The Anglican granted legal residence.

"Prince" Mike Romanoff was sanctify the Sabbath and to from whose Ember Days we a grotesque though not uninter- make the house of God holy- have rebuilt Rural Life Sunday esting figure. Repeatedly he ap- Sunday a day of worship. He can teach us about the social peared as an immigrant and re- would train a young man to read ministry of the priest in the day peatedly he was sent back. a sermon every Sunday and con- of joy, of fear, or of grief. A m 0 Ii g other distinguished duct a service of worship while The contribution of Mr. Fenguests were Mrs. Emmeline "the preacher is away at another Pankhurst, Emma Goldman and ner is the latest expression,· and charge." This abuse of little in many ways the best, of the Ignatius Timothy Trebitsch-Lin- churches, closed on a Sunday, denominational hand books for coIn "whom Scotland Yard re- the Church and Country Life when the minister is elsewhere, Movement. A generation ago ferred to as 'the most elusive constitutes one of the great abusman in the world' and whom es of American Christianity. men told me that the country church would be the clue to the United States Marshall James There used to be a Southern union of churches. On the con- M. Power characterized as 'just Methodist Bishop who shocked trary. Each denomination and each of the Christian associaan ordinary thief.' " his hearers with the statement Mr. Corsi's book is full of that "10,000 of our churches were closed last Sunday." He dramatic interest. It breathes with human sympathy and re- meant that their preachers were tions has had its own organiza- away. This "religion of the tions and its own handbooks in flects a fine social sense. CHARLES HATCH SEARS. moon" Mr. Fenner would con- the interest of its own rural units. They all do what Mr. vert by training lay readers. Fenner has done. They inter- The Episcopal Church in Town and The treatment of worship and pret the country church econom- Country. By Goodrich R. Fenner, of architecture are excellent, as ically and socially. I am amused of The National Council (Protes- to see the most conservative of tant Episcopal Church), New York one would expect, and the stand- City. 1935. ards of "church singing" are these churches advised to "make This excellent book begins un- properly high, for the Episcopal the farmer a better farmer." favorably for the non-Anglican, Church has regard "for the That was heresy, for which I as it makes so much of the priest beauty and majesty of the wor- was denounced twenty-two years and his "calling." Outside of ship that is ordered." the churches which have had The chief value of this book is ago. Now rural missions and governmental alliance, there is . in its presentation of the interest agricultural missions have gone small respect for the "divine of a church which sanctifies its all over the world and they have calling" of the pastor. Their re- houses of worship and keeps the highest approval, yet we stand today as denominational spect is for the calling of the them apart from secular use, as we were when Theodore sinner. But Mr: Fenner, subse- which sanctifies its ministers Roosevelt commanded us to proquently appeals to the pastor to and reminds them that they are mote better farming and better recognize his responsibility for priests of God. Mr. Fenner, living.

"making his people better farm- however, does not carry us as ers,"-"mental hygiene," "child far as he might, for he could The time seems to have come well have developed the Angli- for the different communions to training," "visiting the jail."

In his treatment of the "Par- can tradition in explaining the do what Mr. Fenner has in part ish Program" the author is holy offices of marriage and of done and for each to contribute· strong for surveys, organiza- the funeral service. In both of the great religious heritage it tions, publicity. He shows that these the rural pastors have has to the purely religious dehe is not only a priest but a man, much to learn from the Church velopment of the country church a brother, and an America,n; not which has a 'Prayer Book- in worship, in ceremonial, in merely an Anglican-he might great repository of religious sacrament, and in prayer.

even be accused of being a non- faith through the ages." WARREN H. WILSON.

Books Studies in the Gospel According

Matthew. E. Schuyler English. Daughter of Brahma. E. Elizabeth Once untl, ),011 would nt'lcr be ..,ilhout it. $1.75. 226 pp. Revell. New York. Vickland. 64 pp. Revell. New York. FEATURES: Introduction, by Professor George Shaw B.O South American Adventures. Alice Curtis Desmond. $2.50. 284 pp. Education in India in 1932-33. 118 The Lesson Vnu by Ynst, by Rev. David J. Fane, Jr Macmillan. New York. pp. British Library of Information. New York. Lmons from lilt WSD", by Rev Ira E. David, Ph.O Personal Items Siae Ligbls on the Leuo,,_ Selected from Many Authon The Flying Boat. Robert N. McLean. Tit, B~jnntrJ' C14n, by Eleanor M. Jonet and (Concluded from page 257.) 184 pp. $1.00. Friendship Press. New York. Martha L. Fesmire. man, New York City, was elected sec- retary. A Grand-Canyon of Resurrection Re- Tht Primllty Class. by Stella M. Rudy alities. Robert G. Lee. 172 pp. The Junior Clllff, by Addie Marie French. *** $1.00. Eerdmans. Grand Rapids, Mich. SuggeJlions for the Superintendent. by Rev. F L. Squires Dr. and Mrs. Jonathan Goforth, veteran missionaries of the Presby- The New Home. Capt. Reginald Send only 10e in . (or current issue. terian Church of Canada, have re- Wallis. 96 pp. 18. Pickering & turned home and were given a public Inglis. London. Modern Trends in World Religions. reception in Knox Presbyterian Edited by A. Eustace Haydon. 255 Church, Toronto. Dr. Goforth is now Report on the Bihar Earthquake and pp. $2.50. University of Chicago blind. on the Measures Taken in Conse- Press. London. quence Thereof up to Dec. 31, 1934. *** W. B. Brett. 100 pp. Government Race Relations: Adjustment of Printing Office. Bihar, India. Whites and Negroes in the United Dr. Frederick Douglass Patterson States. Willis D. Weatherhead and who was born in Washington, D. C., Statement Exhibiting the Moral and Charles S. Johnson. 590 pp. $3.20. thirty-four years ago, has been elected Material Progress and Condition Heath. London and New York. president of Tuskegee Institute, Ala- of India During 1932-33. S. F. bama, to succeed Dr. R. R. Moton, who Stewart. Map. 197 pp. 38. H. The Drama of the Eucharist. Stacy retired after twenty years of service. M. Stationery Office. London. Waddy. 107 pp. 28. 6d. cloth, 1>1 Dr. Patterson haSi been for seven paper. S. P. G. London. years head of the Agricultural De- Wisdom and Waste in the Punjab partment at Tuskegee. Village. M. L. Darling. 368 pp. A Desert Journal. Evangeline French, 128. 6d. Oxford University Press. Mildred Cable, Francesca French. *** London. 261 pp. $3. China Inland Mission. Germantown, Pa. Dr. J. H. Rushbrooke, General Sec- India Calling: The Memories of Cor- retary of the Baptist World Alliance nelia Sorabji. Cornelia Sorabji. Evolution Disproved. Wm. A. Wil- is spending two months in the United IlIus. 308 pp. 128. 6d. Nisbet. liams. 127 pp. $1.00. Wm. A. Wil- States, expecting to return to Eng- London. liams, Camden, N. J. land in July. His plans include ad- dresses at the Northern Baptist Con- Historical Lights of Liberia's Yester- Forerunners of a New Age. Basil vention in Colorado Springs. He is day and Today. Ernest J. Yancy. Mathews. 75 cents. 90 pp. I. M. C. making preliminary arrangements for $2.50. Aldine Pub. Co., Xenia, Ohio. New York. the Sixth Baptist World Congress which is to be held in Atlanta, Geor- Two Centuries of Student Christian Four Patterns of Revolution. Ethan gia in 1939. Movements. Clarence P. Shedd. Colton. 312 pp. $2.50. Associa- 466 pp. $3. Association Press. tion Press. New York. I If you use New York. In the Shadow of Liberty. Edward PRINTING The Modern Missionary. A study of Corsi. 321 pp. $3.50. Macmillan. the human factor in the missionary New York. YOU will profit from an ac- enterprise in the light of present- quaintanceship with us. We day conditions. C. Hoffman, A. G. The Jew and the World Ferment. do the job complete in our own Hogg, F. Mackenzie, S. Neill, R. Basil Mathews. $1.50. 186 pp. plant, whether it be large or Rees, M. Wrong, W. P. Young. Friendship Press. New York. small. Edited by J. H. Oldham. 128 pp. 18. 6d. Student Christian Move- Let Us Go Into the Next Town. While our specialty is Books, ment Press. London. George P. Pierson. $1. 93 pp. Magazines and Pamphlets, yet Revell. New York. we have a variety of modern The Japan Year Book, 1934. Map. equipment to meet all the re- 1,356 pp. $5. Foreign Affairs Men and Women of Far Horizons. quirements of your particular Assn., Tokyo. Jesse R. Wilson. $1. 214 pp. job. You will find our service Friendship Press. New York. prompt, careful and courteous. Hot-Hearted: Some Women Builders of the Chinese Church. F. I. Cod- The Niger Vision. R. S. Roseberry. Will you allow us to estimate rington. IlIus. 111 pp. 28. Church $1.50. 254 pp. Christian Pub., Inc. on your next printing? We be- of England Zenana Missionary So- Harrisburg, Pa. lieve you will be delighted with ciety. London. our product, price and service. Partners in the Expanding Church. Jesus Through Japanese Eyes: A A. L. Warnshuis and Esther Strong. The EVANGELICAL PRESS Study of the Daily Life of Jesus. 62 pp. 35 cents. International Mis- Toyohiko Kagawa. Trans. by H. F. sionary Council. New York. PrinteTS of Topping and M. Draper. 160 pp. The Missionary Review of tlu! WOTId 38. Lutterworth Press. London. Protestant Church as a Social Insti- tution. H. Paul Douglass and Ed- PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE Outline of Buddhism. C. H. S. mund de S. Bruner. 368 pp. $2.50. Third and Reily Streets HarrIsburg. Pa. Ward. 140 pp. 28. 6d. Epworth Harpers. New York. Press. London. Spirit of Modern France. Helen Hill. An Outline of Islam. C. R. North. 26 pp. 25 cents. Foreign Policy 127 pp. 28. 6d. Epworth Press. Assn. and World Peace Foundation. London. New York and Boston.

Toward the Sunrising. B. H. Bruner. A Student's Philosophy of Religion. $1.50. 280 pp. Cokesbury Press. Wm. Kelley Wright. $3. Macmil- Nashville, Tenn. lan. New York.

Illlportance of Latin

The Foreign Mission study topic for the coming year will be "Revealing Christ to Latin America." This will be the subject of a series of articles in our October number. These are being prepared by men and women of wide experience-Anglo-Saxons and Latin Americans.

A SPANISH AMERICAN FEAST Important Facts as to Twenty Republics ………………… .Mary W. Williams Unevangelized Areas of Latin America …….. " ……………… John Ritchie Religious Trends Among Spanish Americans ………………. .John A. Mackay The Indians of the South Lands ……………………….. .Joseph A. Davis The Conflict of Church and State ……………………… Chas. S. Detweiler Latin American Youth of Today ……………………….. G. Baez Camargo Educational Progress and Problems ……………………….. J. E. Moreland The Living Church of Latin America ……………………. Kenneth G. Grubb Union and Cooperation in Evangelical Work …………… Webster E. Browning The Next Steps in Mission Work …………………… . Ralph E. DitJendorfer Best Books on Latin America ………… '" ……………….. .S. G. Inman Order Your Copies NOW-For Study Circles and Conferences 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD ROBERT E. SPEER, President DELAVAN 1. PIERSON, Editor Send Your Order to MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO., INC., Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pa.

AGENTS WANTED H ERE are some titles of coming ar~ tides in THE REVIEW. Do not THE MISSIONARY REVIEW miss them: can be sold in quantities to every Missionary Society. It fur- Hitler and the Jews nishes information in brief, in- teresting form for leaders and Conrad Hoffmann, ]r. discussion groups. Why not act as our Agent in your church or On the Mosquito Coast community? You can advance Kenneth G. Grubb the cause of Foreign Missions, and at the same time can earn The Next Generation and Missions Robert E. Speer A Liberal Commission The Younger Men's Missionary Congress • Mills ]. Taylor Address-·-Circulation Manager Lost Condition of the Heathen The Missionary Review of the World Henry W. Frost Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa. A. A. Hyde•••A Good Steward Wm. M. Vories What Is a Faith Mission?

Robert Hall Glover 25 cents a copy $2.50 a year

The Missionary Review of the World — 1924 Index

MISSIONARY

REVIEW 0/ the WORLD VOL. XLVII OLD SERIES VOL. XXXVII NEW SERIES Founded In 1878 by Edltor-In-Chlef, 1888 to 1911 REV. ROYAL G. WILDER, D.D. REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON, D.D.

January to 'December, 1924 EDITOR DELAVAN L. PIERSON EDITORIAL COUNCIL REV. A. R. BARTHOLOMEW, D.D. 1>IRs. HELEN BARRETT MONTGOYEBY REV. ARTLEY B. PARSON REV. ENOCH F. BELL MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY FRANKLIN D. COGSWELL FLORENOE E. QUINLAN MRs. E. O. CRoNK RElV. RoDNEY W. RoUNDY REV. PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ, D.D. REV. WM. P. SCHELL, D.D. REV. W. E. DOUGHTY MRS. JOHN FERGUSON REV. F. C. STEPIIENSON, M.D. REV. S. G. INMAN .JAMES R. .JOY REV. JAY S. STOWELL MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD REV. MILLS J. TAYLOR, D.D. REV. SAMUEL L. Loo]'[Js, D.D. FENNELL P. TURNER REV. JOHN BAILEY KELLEY REV. C. E. VE&MILYA, D.D. Rl'lV. JOHN MCDOWELL" D.D. MRS. F. W. WILCOX ROBERT P. WILDER OOPYRIGHTED, 1924-PUBLISHED BY THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC.

THIRD AND REILY STREETS, HARRISBURG, PA., AND 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK BOARD OF DIRI!lCTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, President MRs. E. C. CRoNK WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President HARLAN P. BEAOH WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer ERIC M. NORTH DELAVAN L. PIERSON, &cretary FLEMING H. REVELL ORARLES L. WHITE FREDERICK L. COLVER 1023 MAPS, CHAR TS AND POSTERS Page P;~6 Afghanistan ……………………………… 704 – War Area ……………. Africa Inland Misl'Ilon Territory ………… 977 China's Smokestacks, The Cross and ……… 730 China., Growth of Christian Church in …… 783 Chinese Melting Pot, Protestant Denomina- – in 1900 Protestant Missionary Occupation of …….•.•………•…••….•…•…..•…. 798 tions in ………………………………. 813 – in 19-00, Protestant Missionary Occupation Congregational Convention Poster ………… 29R of .•.•…•.•………………………….•.• 7n99l Map, New Kind of Electric .•……………. 986 Poster …………………………………. – Medical Mission Poster …………………… 381 – Posters for Study of ………………….. 823 Missionary Fields of the World ." 4 – The Church in …. ,. (Insert) 0 ••••••••••••••• 791'1 Play Time in Various Lands ……………… 205 – Unoocupied Cities in . _.'" … " … (Insert) 796 Student COJ;1vention Poster … . …….•…. 381 – Walled Cities of ……………………….. 791 – Volunteer Poster ………………………• 84 PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRA TIONS Page Page Abyssinia, First Am.erican Mission School in 970 Cloud. Henry Roe ………………………… 529 – Hospital in Addis Abeba. American Mission 969 Confucian, Buddhist and Taoist Shrines …. 989 – Market Day in Addis Abeba ………….. 965 Cosmopolitan Quintet, A …………………. 533 – Minister of War, Fitarari Hapta Gorgis 9£1 Crown Point Missionary Home …………… 603 – Prince Regent of …………………….. 964. Cuba, American Baptist College ………….. 1&'~ – Slaves in …………………………….. 966 – Candler College, Havana ….. .. .. 164 Afghan Border, Moslem Guards of ……….. 705 – Presbyterian Workers, RegIa ……. . … 164 Afghanistan, Amir of …………………….. 707 – Ca.pital of ……………………………… 7{)9 Ecuador, Cross in Street of Qu[to ………. 887 – Looking into •.•.•………………………. 703 – Headquarters ot Christian and Missionary Alliance ….•………………………….. 891 Afric&, Hospital Patients at Shillem ……… 627 – Street in Guayaquil ……………………. 800 – Inland MisSion, Seal of ……….•…•…• 976 Eggan, John J ……………. , …………….. W5 – Kanakul"u Carriers …••………………•. 625 Electric Map, Seeing the World by Means of 987 – King of ShUlem and Some of His Wives . 626 Feng, General and His Soldiers Holding Up – Market Place at Shillem ………………. 624 – Witch Doctor's Office •…………………• 421 Their Chinese Testaments …….. Frontispiece African Bride …………………………….. 423 Feng's Army, a Glimpse 01 ……………… 955 – Outstation School ……………………… 425 Gambling Joint, Old ………………………. 6118 Albanian Boys and Girls …………………• 611 Gameweil, Mary Ninde …………………… 814 American University. Cairo .•…………….. 269 Haiti, Pastor and Wife, Jacmel …………… 185 – – ~ Students of …………………… 27Z, 273 Hebrew Christians, Group of …………….. 517 Arizona Border Town …………………….. 265 Hindu Student Volunteers ………………… 52.3 Baptist Church and Sunday School ……….. 59!} Indian in Ecuador, Half Civilized ………… 889 Bibles, One of Mary Slessor's …………….. 885 – Woman of Ecuador …. , ……………….. 889 Brazil, Former CathDlio Priests in ……….. 893 Indians in QUito. Ecuador ………………… 860 Buddhist Monks, Mendicant ………………. 679 – of Peru ………………………………… !Wi International Missionary Union ………….. 712 – Taoist and Confuoian Shrines ………… 989 Italy, Chorus of Waldensians …………….. 350 Burma, Council Chamber ………………… lil1 Japan,Aoyama Gakuin Academy ………….. 124. – Members of Legislative Council ……….. 99 – Methodist Seminary after Earthquake …. 12-3 Business :Men's Club, Shop Meeting ………. 21 – Ruins of Shiloh Church ……………….. 122 – – Evangelistic Club …………………… 19 – Ruins of Trinity Episcopal Church …….. 125 Chapel Auto Car …………………………. 268 Japanese Christian EdUcators ….. 369 – Car ……………………………………. 262 – Fashion Fete, Bride at ….. 134 – – Interior …………………………….. 263 – – Work, Monument to ………………… 267 – F'ete-Nippon Club ……… .. … 13B – – Workers ………………………•…… 268 – Girl Students ………….. . …… 692 – Itinerant Priests ….. . … 681 =China, Buddhist Priest and Helper ……….. 779 ~~a::g~lis:~~:~io:r[nd1~a~ag~!e~ee~'pi~':: i~ – Union Church, Children in … . ….. 525 ~:;~ii~' ~~hi':::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: iii – Famine Camp …………………………. 900 Korea, Vacation Bible Scbool …………….. 40 – Feng and His Soldiers Holding Up Their Korean Christlan, Ye Lang Chai …………. 693 Chinese Testaments ….•.•…… Frontisp,lece – Presbyterian Elder ………………….695, 697 – Gospel Boat in …………………………. fi88 Ladles' Aid Society •……………………… 700 – Iron Works at Hanyang ……… , ………. 775 Leper Colony in Sumatra …………………. 119 – Log Sawing In …………•…………….. 774 Lepers, Chapel Built by ………………….. l?O – Men Nurses, Judson Smith Hospital …… 778 Lepers' Houses in Sumatra ………………. 121 – Nan-Yoh Bihle SchOOl Buildings ………. 594 Logging Camp on Sunday ………………… 264 – Class for Married Women …………..780, 781 Los Angeles Bible Institute ………………. 5,94 – New Type of Road in ………………….. 774 Mansur, MiChael …………………………. 492 – Putting Up Gospel Posters …………….. 595 Mexican Pastor and Family ………………. 111 – Students in Training School …………… 278 Mexicans, Protestant Church for …………. 113 – Using Stewart Money in ……………….. 688 Mexico. Playground in Chihuahua ……….. 175 Chinese Bible Students …………………… 281 – Produce Going to Market ……………… 113 – Christian Church. Traveling Preachers of 895 Missionaries, Home for Children of Baptist 457 – Interpretation of the "Broad and Narrow – Home for Lutheran ………………….• 463 – Winona Lake, Home for ……………….. 460 Way" …………………………………. 8-03 – Poster Fighting Use of Cigar~ttes ……… 805 Missionary' Children, Baptist …………….. 458 – Schools in Confucian Temple ………….. 78').: – Home, Ventnor, N. J. .. . …… 462 – 'Scriptures, Ship'ping …………………… 588 – Students' Christian Association …….. 547, 821 Mohammedan Student ….. 275 – Students Preparing tor Evangelistic M6'€t- Moslem Sheikhs …. … . ….. 270 Moton, Robert R. ..' ……… 49-2' lngs …•………. ,. …………………….. 283 Muskrat. Ruth …… . ….. 49Z – Vacation Bible School …………………. 37 Navajo Girls ……… .. … 00fi – Waiting to Hear ot Jesus Christ ………. 764 – Young Men …………………………….. 604 – Wom~n Preacher •. , .•………•………..•. 279 Near East Conference in Jerusalem …… 412, 414 1024

1924J INDEX FOR 1924

Page Page Negro Baptist Church, Chicago ……. " …… 511 – High School, Atlanta, Ga………………. 500 Sumatra, Church and Hospital …………… 343 – Training Shops at Hampton …………..• 507 – Home Scene in ………………………. ,. 33a Negroes' Need of Better Houses ………….. 506 – Malay Home in ………………………… 341 Nias, Christian Leaders of ……………….. 445 – School for Moslems …… ,.,.,., ………•.. 3413 – Heathen ot …………………………….. 439 – Theological Seminary ………………….. 347 Niasan Ancestral Idol …………..•…•….. ~ 438 Summer School Invitation ……………….. 6.32 – Students ……………………………….. 441 Taoist, Buddhist and Confucian Shrines …. 1189 Niasans, ArIll€d …… " … ' ……………….. 437 Thompson, Charles L ………….. 0 ……….. 445J – Going to Church ………………………. 442 Peeke, H. V. S……………………………. 668 Vacation Bible SChool-Bible Hour ….. :13 RailrQad Men and Chapel Car ….. , ….. , …. 266' Saito, Solehl ……………………………… 37~ – – – HHabit Talk" …………….. …… 36' Sims at Work, Earle D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701 Singh, Sundar … " …. ' … " …….. ", ….. ". 492 Colorado …….. ~ – – In 0' 0 •• 00. • • • • • • • • • • • • 35 Stewart, Lyman ."" …… " ………. , …. ,," 597 Stewart, Milton .""."." ………………… 596 – – – Model of Nazareth made in … ….. 38 Stewart's Bome, Milton …….. ,….. ,…….. 602 Stone, Dr. Mary ………………………….. 493 Wa1densian Ga.-pital, T'orre Pellice ……….. 352. Students, Philadelphia Dining li'oreign …… 55Q – Church, Rome …•…………………… 0 •• 353 – Youth in Germanasca Valley .. 0.0 •••••••••• 351 Watson, Charles R . . . . . • . 271 0 ••• 0 ••••••••••••••••• rrWorld Service" Vblumes ……………….. 454 Y. W. C. A., Racial Equality in ………….. 537 Student Missionary Union, Los Angeles .. 0" 001 AUTHORS Page Page .. …. ~5 Alexander, W. W. …………. Gwinn, Maude ………………… 378 Hall, Ernest F. … .. ………………. 999 Allan, A. M. ……………. .. …. 5-15 Allen, Ernest Bourner ….. 994 Hamilton. Clarence H …………………….. 104 Allan, George . . . .. … 0 … • Harris, Erdman … . ………. 174 629 . . . . .

Allen, Edlth H ……………………………. 551 Hatanaka, H. ……… .. ……… 25& Hayne, Coe …… . ………;>21, 698 Anderson, Frank L ……………………….. 533 Anthony, Alfred Williams Haynes, George E. …. . …. 499 ………….. 916 Archer, John Clark …………………….. 988 ~~:sot~k~ia~tt~i:rtD?o.r.~~~~.:::::::::::::::::::: ~~ Heath, Frances J. ….. . ….. 556- Herndon. Mrs. F. S.. " …… 883 Hil1, William Eancroft …… 2fl9 Bailey, Ruth D …………………………… 174 Howe, Sonia E …………………………… 811 Banninga, John J …………………………. 434 Hurlburt, Charles E. ……………………. 97ff Bartholomew, Allen R. . ………………….. 289 Hut.chison, R. A………………………….. 367 Beach, Harlan P •…………. , •………..•… 374 r;~~;"Ai/G··::::::::::.·:·::: .. ·.:::.:.i70,867·, ~ Beitzel, C. F …………………………….. 974 Geddoe, B. E. .. …………………………… 355 Jansen, Peter C. J ……………………….. 624 Beede, B. Willis .,., ……………… 0 ••••••••• 357 Jenness, Mary ……………………..•…..•. 203 Beets, Henry ………………………….. 357. 6013 Johnston, Julia H. .. ……………………. 996 Jowett, J. H. …………………………….. 97 Blair, William N …………………………. 693 ft~~~e:y~rt£~i~'a~ 'S: .::::::::: :::::::::: ::::::: ~tg Boynton, Frances C . . . . . . . . 0 ••••••••• 0 ••••••••• 74(1 Brock, Mrs. Collins J …………………….. 634 Brown, Arthur J. .. ……………………… 9'51 Kerschner, Carrie M … ,., ….. , …………… ~W4 Browning, Webster E …………………. 2.87,886 Kerschner. Mabel G………………………. 130 Brownlee, Fred L . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552 0 •••••••••••••••• Korns, John H. . ……. ,……………… 0 •••• 901 Burgess, Thomas ………………… 0 ••••••••• 541 Kyle, Alice M………….. 54, 214, 382, 554, 64{), ~14 Burk. Eleanor D. . …•…………….. 0 •••••••• 634 Landes, W. G…………………………….. 44fi Campbell, Ruth M………………………… 635 Laubacb, Frank C. ………………………. 14 Chamberlain, Wm. I ……………………. 45, 364 Lee, Cbarles O. .. …………………………. 546 Cheng, Andrew C. Y……………………… 82'4 C h e s t e r . S . H . . 3'63 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 Lerrlgo. P. H. J ………………………… 42, 355 Lima, Ollveira ………….. : ………………. 513 ChGI, YI Sang ……………………………. 276 Lockwood, Edward H ………………….. 545, 008 Chung, K. T, …………………………….. 799 Longfellow, H. W ………………………… 911 Cleland, C. S. .. …………………………. 965 Love, J. F …………………………….. 42', 357 Cloud, Henry RGe ………………………… 529 Cobb, Eliza P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739 Lowell, James R'lssell ……… . ….. 995 Conning, John stuart …………………….. 830 Lyman, Mrs. Albert .r. …. 740 McCollough, Esther Mary …… 522 McDe:rmott. WilHam F. Cook. Mrs, Frank Gaylord ……………….. 915 . .. 45~ Corey, StePhen J. . ……………………….. 366 McVeigh, Mabelle R. . … 64{) Craig, Laura. Gerould …………………… 99'6 Ma.cGillivray, Ja.net T. ., …… 139 Crawford, Dan …………. . … 29, 425 Mackay, R. P. .. … .. …. 364 Cronk, Mrs. E. C. …….. . …….. 46, MacMillan. Fred G. …..•. 25 128, 200, ll!I3, 374, 455, 541, 631, 726, 819, 900, 987 Magnus, Helaine ………………………… 132 Crutchfield, Margaret …. . ….. 379 Currier, Raymond P. …… Markham, R. H. . ………………………… 607 ………. ….. 98 Masih, Yohan …………………………….. 2!'i~ Davie, George T. B. … .. ….. " …… 955 ~:~~~~~ le~~i! d~"::~::::::: ~.:::::: ::::::::::::: ~r.: Demarest, Wm. T. . ……………………….. 365 Meng, Paul C. ···· ………………………. 0. 820 Detweiler, Charles S……………………… 183 Dickinson, Mary Lowe ………………….. 998 Menzel, Paul A ……… , ….. , …………….. 437 Donaldson, Dwight M …………………….. 7QS Miller, Anna L. .,………………………… 45- Drach, George ……………………………. 366 Mills. Julia Lincoln ………………………. 47 Dushaw, Am.os to ….•…………………….• 517 Minnich, H. Spencer .. ~ …………………… 358 Dysart. MathHde T …………. , …………… 491 Miyazaki, K. ……………………………… 19& Ellis, William T ………………………….. 433 Moffett, Thomas C. .. ……………………… 190 Felton, Ralph A. • ………………………. 971 Moore, John M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538 0 •••••••••••• 0 ••••• Fisher, Galen M……………. , …………… 368 Morgan, Angela ………………………….. 831 Flagg, Alice Amelia ………………………. 3{)1 Morris, S. L. . ……………………………. 383 Flint, Annie Johnson ………………….. 57, 912 Morse, H. N. . …………………………….. 362 FGrsyth, R. C. . …………………………. 959 Galt, Russell …………………………….. 678 Morse, MinnIe E ………………………….. 207 Nell, Samuel G. ……………. . 262 Gates, Herbert W ………………………… 123 Gilbert, Janet ……………………………. £36 Nichols, Florence L. ……….. .. ….. 55-1 Norton, John E. ………….. . ……. 702 Goforth, Mrs. Jonathan ………………….. 1m NortGn, Mrs. Ralph C. … , ….. 628 Goodman, Frederic S……………………… 350 Osborn, Lois C. ……….. .. … 554 Gordon, S. D. …………………………….. 15 Ogawa, K. ……………. .. ……… 524 Goreh, Ellen L. .. ………………………. 388 Guenther, Adeline ………………………… 33 Oxenham. John ……… .. ……….. 993, 995 Parker, L~ura H. …… .. ………….. 13$

Page Page Parmenter, Mary F. . .. , … , … , …………… 278 Staley, Sue R …………………………….. 175 ~:f:g~: ~ii~'b~tb"::::::::::: ::::::::: ::: ::: :::: ~~ Stauffer, Milton ………………………….. 783 Stock, Eugene ……………………………. 709 Peabody. Mrs. H. W. ……………………… 54 Stowell. Jay S. .. …………………………. 110 Peacock, Mary . _, ……………………… 384, 819 Strachan, H. and S. B ……………………. 291 Peeke. H. V. S……………………………. 122 Strong, W. E …………………………….. 360 Phelps. J. W ……………………………..• 358 Swan, Jessie E. . …………..•………….••• 634 Pinson. W. W ………………….•……… 45. 360 SWinehart, M. L ……………… 0 ••••••••••••• 126 Polhemus. Sarah H. . ………………… 214, 30a T a j i m a , Kengo . . . . 691 0 •••••••••••••••••• 0 •••••••••• Pope, Howard W …………………………. 980 T'ao, E. L ………………………………… 005 Powers, Horatio Nelson ………………….. 5~ Tappan, David S ………………………….. 815 Purves, Elinor K . . . . . . . . , …………………. 386 Taylor, J. Hudson ………………………… 711 Quinlan, F10rence E ….. ,………………… . Taylor. Mills J ……………………………. 367 ………… 57. 136. 211, 299, 386, 464, 551, 637. 734 Thomas. W. G. M. ……………………….. 19 RaIl, Harris F ……. , ……. , ….. , ……… , .. 532 'l'hurston, Matilda C……………………… 555 To-wer. Wm. B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0 ••• 0 ••••••• 0. 44 Rawlinson, Frank G…….. , …………. , .8104, 80-5 Richards, Elisabeth E. . ………………….. 461 Tsu, Y. Y …………………………………. 258 Trotter, 1. Lilias …………………………. 42& Rindge, Fred H …………………………… 613 Rinman, J. _. _…………………………….. 619 Van Hoesen, Persis C. ……………… .. .. 713 Root, Edward TaI1madge ………… 995 Vaughan, Harriet …… ….. ……. .. .. 376 Roys, Mrs. Charles K. … . …..• 382 Velte, H. C. …… .. … 114 Rygh, Mrs. George T. . ………. 463 Vagt, Paul L. …. .. ….. 637 Wachob, Blanche ….. 205 Sangster, Margaret E. …… .912, 996 Sohultz, Gertrude …. [4, 214, 382, 554, -64Q Warnshuis, A. L. . . …. 198 Schweinitz, Paul de … 361 Whlffen, Nellie Mo . 189 .0 •••• Scott, Charles E. … ~7hite, Bess Robbins …… 739 . …• 894 Scott, George T. '" …. 41 "White, Charles L. ……….. .. …… 0 356 Seibert. John F. …….. .. …… 366 Wlhittier, John Greenleaf… . ………. 916 Silverthorn, Mrs. E. Ho ………. 0 •• "16, 382 Wilder, Robert P ………….. 0" 003 …………

Singh, Sundar ………………………. 178. 953 Williams, Mornay . . . 876- 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Skerrett, Mrs. Harry H …………………… 741 tM.r0s…O..l.i.v.e.r. Smith, Arthur H ………………………….. 775 Will iam son, .R…. .0 ……………….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 Wils on, Ber 43 Smith, J. T. Brabner ……………………. 0 47 Winsborough, Mrs. W. C …………………. 543 Snead, A. C………………………………. 359 Wyshan, Wm. N ………………………… 9®1. Speer, Robert E …………………… 178, 362, 623 Zaugg, E. H. .. …………………………… 685 Spencer, Mrs. Truman J . . . . . . . . . . 0 •••• 0 ••••••• 738 Zwemer, S. M. . …………………… 118, 341, 877 SUBJECTS, ARTICLES AND NEWS Page Page Abyssinian Moslems Won ………………… 922 – Uganda, Twenty Years ………………… 748 – Prince and the Bible …………………… 846 – – Advance in .. ·., …………………. 0 ••• 150 – Princes in Arne-rica , …………….. ,,, …. 470 – – News from . . ………… ,…….. . …. 568 – WomHn's Guilds ……….. . .. 4-71 – Seen jn, C. S. Cleland ….. , ………….. 965 Afghan Border, Trouble on ………………. 147 – Y. M. C. A. In South ….. .. .. 749 – Frontier, A VISit to the. Eugene Stock …. 709 – War Fugitive's Work …….. "……. .. 397 Afghanistan at Last. Into Dwight M. Donald- – What $1.500 Accomplished …… 471 son … . ………………………,……………..' …..,………..,…,…….. – Why Advance is Essential 646 .00 _70.3 – Work Among Jarawas … ,… -m~~ – Zululand …………… ……… . ….. 0. 224 .. … 924 – Entering ……………………………. 399, 649 Africa, Algiers Mission Band …………….. 646 African Christians, Gifts of ….. . ….• 567 – Belgian Congo Idols ……….. .. … 567 – Clergy. The ………………. .. …. 0 472 Af~~~~~~' Ec~~~~~~nt':::~ ~: ~ ~ ~:: ~:::::: ~~ – British Conference on .. . 748 – Cameroun, New Station in .. _.. 74 o' •••••• – Cannibals Stin in …. .. 92.~ Africans, The Bible Among, Dan Crawford .. ?9 – Christian Headman … …… ….. 73 Alaska, Point Barrow Cut Off … 1001 0 • 0 •••••••• – Church Union in East …. . .. 150 Alba.nia, A Neglected Field, P. B. Kennedy .. 610 – Commission Goes to East . . .. 0 223 – Congo Land Eaptisms ….. " ….. 846 Algerian Mission Band …………………… 150 America from Ruin, Save ………………… 10 – – Hospital Boat , …… 749 Arabia, Fanatical Moslem.s in .. , …………• 009 – Into the Heart of ……………………… 747 – – Medical Steamer ……………………. 397 – – Women, Winning …………………..1OO€.1 – Dan Crawford's Message ., … , …………. 495 – King FeisaI's Bible ……………………. 99"5- Argentina, Church and State in , ………..1003 — Duruma Country, Growth in ……. ' ……100'7 – Fighting Superstition in, Matbnde T. Armenians in California …………… , ……. 558 , Dysart …………….. , ….. , …………… 42:1 ~~~; J~~~I~hnr~~tOi~r th~ 'Tbi~ki~g '~f: 'Y~h;;~ 315 ASi:ft:i~r~bi~~' 'i'~' A~~~i~,' Ch'~i~t:j~~ 0 SO~I'~: 252 — Fiji and Australia ……………………1013 – Gospel by Radio in ……………………. 647 – Halsey Prlntin~ Press …………………. 4:71 Athi!~~, °ln~~:e~a~~:s£~~~';y"::::::::::::::: :l~l – How Christianity Spreads ……………… 92:J ~u~t:I~~i~u~~U;;git~~i~~ni~.:::::::::::: .. ,:::: ~~ Africa Inland MiSSion, Work of ………… 9761 – Johannesbur~ Secret Society, ……… ,., .. 224 – Kanakuru People of West, Peter C. J. Austranan Church Growth………… .. 155 Jansen … ,…………….. . ………… 694 Baptist Investigation, Northern ………….. 656 – Kenya Colony, Education . . …. 647 – Missions, Southern …………………….. 39t – Liberia .. ……… …. … .0…. . . … .o..t1o0O0t0J – LiOns and Letters .·· … – Problems in Burma ….. . … 307 – Women's Jubilee . …. . …. 999 . .. -66, 9~ – Lovedalo Press …………. . ….. 568 Belg-ian, Gospel Mission .. . 318 – Homes, Gospels for .. _ – Medical Education for ……. . 47?j ie~1~~~aJo~phe1r~~~k· i~· …….. 0: ~:::::::::: ~ – Moorish Tangier ……….. .. … 846 – Nigeria …. ,…………. . … 647 – Paganism Doomed ….. . .. 567 – Missionary Agent in Brussels 644 00 ••••••••••• – Races in South ……. . …………. 567 Bennett, Story of Allen, Mrs. Ralph C. Nor- – Revival at Lusambo . . ……. 0 •• 00. 471 – Rlavery ……………………………….. 0 74~ ton ……………………………………. 628 – Soiyawa Tribe of Western Nigeria, C. F. BEST METHODS, Mrs. E. C. Cronk …….. .46, 128, 203, 293, 3'14, 455, 541. ~'l. 72&, 81~. 903, 987 Eeitzel . . . . . 974 0 •••••••• _… • ••••••••••••••••• =Bible Among Africans, The, Dan Crawford . 0 29 ~~:y~~~, C~~~Ch·.· oX .::::::: :: ::::::::::::::: ~~ – S/)uth, and Missions …………………… 92~3 – Sudan ……. …………….. .. … 846 – Today. Impressions of … . ………….. 922 – Churchmen's Missionary SOCiety ……… 66

INDEX FOR 1924

Page Page – Class, Police …………………………… 144 – Gilts from Missionaries ……………….. 7) – in School Libraries ……………………. 481 – – – Prisoners ………….. , .•…………. 745 – in South Seas …………… ' ……..•.•…1013 – Gospel In the Wilds …………. , ……..lO10 – Morrison Centennial and the ………….. 218 — Growth in Forty Years •……………….. 833 -. Reading-Effective Plan ……………….. 153 — Half a Century of Changes in. Arthur H. — SchoolS in China and Korea. Daily Vaca- Smith …………………………………. 775 tion ………………………………….. 929 – Hindrances and Helps to Christianity in. – – Vacation ……………………………. 477 Frank G. Rawlinson ………………….. &04 — Translations, New ..•………………….. 660 — How One Missionary Works in, Charles E. Bibles, Homes Without …………………… %5 Scott " ………………………………… 894 Bolivia and Peru, Neglected Indians in, W. — How to Know and Help ……………….. 819 E. Browning ………………………….. 287 — Important Facts About ………………… 770 – Ba]}tists in …………………………….. 663 — Institute of Self-Government ………….. 832 Bolivian Indian Mission, The. George Allan 629 — Interoreting Christianity to, Edward H. Lockwood …………………………….. 008 Bolshevism and Religion …….. , … , ….. , … 566 Bolshevists, In the Hands of ………… ,., … 817 ~ Last Report from Mr. Byers ………… . 836 Bombay Vigilance Association ……………. 146 — Letter from General Feng ……..•…. .. 227 Boys and Girls, Winning Unchurched, Adeline — Liebenzell Mission ………… . 141 Guenther ……………… , … ,…………. 33 — Light and Shade in ……… .. 571 Brazi1, Christian Progress in …………….. 337 – Literacy Campaign in …………. " …… 3()8 -:- Converted Priests in …………………… 892 – Mah-Jong and Missions ………………… 228 ~ Gospel in Newspapers ………………….. 843 – Mary Ninde Gamewell …………………. 814 – Intolerance in ……………………..394, 100g – Medical Evangelism …….. _……………. 744 ~ New Church Members in ……… . .. 155 – Memorial Fund at Paotingfu ….. _…….. 142 ~ Revivals in …………………… . … 753 – Missio:qaries and Civil War ……………. 47G – Sao Paulo and the Revolution . .. 843 – – Wounded ……………………………. 838 British Exhibition, Missions at ….. . …. 564 – Missionary Byers KHled in Hainan ……. 651 – Missionary Conference ………… . …. 750 – – Hero of Hainan, David S. Tappan …… 815 – Student Movement ………………. , …… 221 ~ Modern Girl in ………………… , …….. 834 Broad Hints from a Wide Trayeler, WilHam – Modernizing Nanking ………………….. 929 T. Ellis ………………………………. 433 – Nat.ional Christian Council ……. , …….. 832 Broadcasting World News ………………… 931 – New Christian Struggle in, Frank Rawlin~ Brotherhood, Adventures in, Mrs. E, C. son ……………………………………. 805 Cronk ….•…………………………….. 726- – New Interest in ……………•…………. 765 – P'oem •…….•……..•…….•…………… 552 – — Prayer Meeting Methods ..•…………. 228 Buddhism, Christianity and ………………. 141 – "No Room fDr Gods" …………………… 5n Buddhist on the' Bible, A …………………. 310 – Pekjng, New and Old …………………. , 833 – Priest Finds Peace …………………….. 928 – – Old Ladies Home ……………………. 309 Bulgaria. Good Books Needed in …………. 151 -' – Union Medical College, John H. Korns 901 – Rellglous Situation In. R. H. Markham … 607 -' Promising Signs in …………………….. 832- Bulletins, Woman's Home ftnd Foreign -' Protestant MissionarY StatisticS for …… 771 (Monthly) ………………….. , ……… ~93 – Shanghai Community Church ………….. 143 Burma, Baptist Problems in …… : ……….. 3()7 – – for Christ …………… , …………….. 401 ~ Chinese Christians in ………….. ,., ….. 927 -' Some Causes of Unrest in ……………… 334 – Free Women of…………………………. 927 – – Religious Ideals of ..•…..•…….. ,., … 769 – Nationalism in, Raymond P. Currjer ….. 98 -' Suffering for Chr1st's Sake …………….. 74-4 – Two Kinds of Religion in ……………… 571 -' Surplus Famine Fund …………………. 143 -' Testimony from Y. Y. Tsu …………….. 258 Business Men's Evangelistic Club-. W. G. M. Thomas ………………. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 – Then and Now, Mary C. Peacock ., …….. 819 Byers, Murder of Rev. George, David S. Tap- – Thousands of Testaments ……………… 928 pan …………………………………… 815 -' Union MiSSions Building ……………….. 744 -' Unrest and Propaganda in …………….. 67() Cairo. American University at, W. Bancroft Hill …………………………………… 269 – Vacation Bible Schools ………………… 477 Cana.da, United ChUrch of ……. .,.~.,., …… 755 – Work of College GradUates …….. ___ ….. 834 Canadian Baptist Jubilee …………………. 392- China's Leadership, Rocking! the Cradle of, Catholics, English-Speaking .. . …… 757 Paul C. Meng …………………………. 820 Centenary Movement, William F. McDermott 45-2 -Northwest … , ………………………….. 573 Chapel Cars, On the Rails with, Samu·el G. Chinese Banditry Continues …….. _………. 141 .. ……………… 262 – Bandits, Methods of ~ ….. _……. , …….. I00!f Neil .

Charity in New York,. Organized ……. .. 220 – Bible Student ………….. .. .. 229 Children. Work for Lost Japanese ……….. 144 ~ Boys, Home for ……. . ………. , … ,., .. 221 Chile, Bible Students in ………………….. 482. – Children Rescued ……………… , …….. 317 – Reform and Reaction in ……………….. 865 – Christians in Burma …………………… 9'27 – Religion in ……………………………. 419 – Church, Progress in …………………… 572 – Selling BibJ~s in ……………………..1003 – Colony in MeXiCO, Jay S. Stowell ……… 110 China, Against Future Faro,ines ………….. 477 – Confession of Faith ……………. , …….. 773 – Agreement on We1-hai-wei …………….. 69 :…..- Cult, New ……………………………… 6-52- – Annamese Bible Conference ……………. 836 – Dictionary-World's Largest Book …….. 2:?il – Anti-Cigarette Campaign ………………. S.~5 – Girls' Idea of God ……………………… 9'29 – Bandits in Batang …………………….. 229 – Home Missions ………….•………… , … 572 – Baptisms AmonR Soldiers …….. , ……… 401 – Illiteracy, Attacking …………………… 929 — Books for Bandits …………………….. 401 – Illiteracy, Overcoming …………………. &.1.3 – Books for the Blind in ………………… 834 – Ku Klux Klan …………………………. 928 – Borden Memorial Hospital ….. ,., ….. , … 309 – Marriage. Problems ot ……………….. 1fJl10 – Canton CQUege Offl.cers ………….. , … 1010 – Nathaniel, A, Mrs. Jonathan Goforth ….. 107 – Chinese Church and, Milton Stauffer., … 783 — Neighbors, Making Friends with, Andrew – Changes in Western …………………… 71 C. Y. Cheng …………………. ""'"'''' 824 – R~~i~::~s . ~~..~~~?~~:. ~~~~~~~.~~ ~~~: ~: 905.- .. .. – Christian Contribution to, Clarence H. Hamilton ……………………………… lQ{ — Christian Educators UnHe …………… ,. 47fl – Schools, Bible in …………….. _………. 4()2 =~~~~~tM~;~ga~ ~ ~ Christian Schools in …………………… 652 – Community House in ………………….. 8.115 – Confucianism in, Results of, R. C. Forsyth 959 – Souls, Awakening of, Mary F. Parmenter 278 .. ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: – Destruction in Kwangtllng ………. 308 – View of the Chinese Church, A, K. T. – Disturbed Conditions in _…………. 308, 10019- – ~~~~~'s' C~~~~~ti~~· :::::::::::::::::: :::::: I~ – Education and Evang-elism in 767 – Every Graduate a Christj~n ……….. 228 Chosen, Pioneerjng in . ~' …….. , ………… , 74l:t – Feng and His Christian Army, George T. Christ-Child (Poem) ……………………. 996 B. Davis …………. ' ……………….. 955 chr~sqan Endeavor in Germany ………..•. 10041 – Genera] Feng Remains True ………….. 14~ Chrlstlan Laymen's League …………… '" 949 – General Feng's Interests ………………. 652 Christianity, World's Debt to …………… 11l1~

Page Page Church and War, The ." ……… ., …… " … 932 Finance, America's Resources ……………. 65i – Presbyterian Foreign Missions ………… 560 – in the Mission FieId, The Ideal, R. E. Speer …………… . . . … _……… 179 – Wealth of Nations …………………….. 576 _ Invigorator, A, Coe Hayne . _….. 698 Financial Creed, A Christian's, Harris F. Rail ………………………………….. 5.3~ – Membership in U. S. A. . ….. . …….. 391 Fitchburg Student Mission ………………. 9f19 Church of Christ Advance'? Shall the, Arthur J. Brown …………………………….. 951 Foreign Missions Conference ……. ,………. 88 Fo~~~~v~~~~~~sTi~e .~.O.~.i.~~.::::::::::::~~~: ~:~ – Retreat? Shall the Christian . _. . .. _ 16,6 Churches, Congress and the …… . 312 College Students and Missions ….. . 374 France, Church at Chateau Thierry ………. 395 Colombia, Civil L,aws in ……….. . 563 – Peace Convention in …………………… 564 . . – .. 2'1'7 – Protestantism in ………………………. 221 – College Students in …………. . 394 – Protestants in Need …………………… 222 – New Methods in ……………… Colored Women's Conferences ……………. 137 Gamewell. Mary Ninde ……………… 0 ••••• 814 German Children, Plight of ……….. , ……. 172 Co.ufue.iallism in China, Results of, R. C. Forsyth …………………… .. .. 959 – Missionaries Return …….. ,., ….. , … ,474. 751 Congo, Mission Fleet for .•.. ,…………. . . 74 ……. Missionary Magazine ………………….. 565 – New Mission in the …………………… 223 …- Missions, Critical S1tuation ln, A. L. Congregational Progress … 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , … 63 Warnshuis ……………………….. 0 •••• 198 Cooperation, Denominational Rivalry Vs. " 941 Germany, Buddhism in …. , ……………. 0 •• 39;) Cooperation in Publication ……………….. 841) Germany, Christian Endeavor in …………1004 – in States and Other Areas …………….. ~99 – Religious Conditions in ………………… 498 – Undenominational conference ………….. 931 – Turning to God? Is ……… "…….. … 990 Copec and Foreign Missions, John M. Moore 538 Gifts) Increase in Lutheran ……………… 999 Costa Rica, Bible Institute in …………….1002- Giye, How Native Christians ……………. S89 Country Churches, Missions in the- .0 ••••••••• 29:~ Giver'S Surprises, A Systematic ….. 197 Cuba, New Chapel in Havana ……………. 217 Giving, Fund Began in Workhouse ….. 642 Czecbo·Slova.khif Prague, a Student Center .. 751 ~ Great Presbyterian Achievement ……… 415 – – Revival in ……………………. 0 ••••• 921 — How the Churches Give 0………. ……. 480 Czecho-Slovakian Congress ……………….. 151 – How We Can Sa.ve Money …. " , …. 416 Danish Missions ……………………. ,.'., .. 644 – Metbodist Benevolences ………… _……. 655 DEATH-Conwell, Dr. Charles E., 0:1': Mexico 331 – Methodist Watches and Missionary Deficits '5.9j – Cowman, C. Eo, of Japan ………. 0 1()22 ••••• – Shall the Church Retreat? …………….. 166 – Good, James I., of Dayton. Ohio ………. 16-3 ~ Southern Presbyterian Gifts …………… 840 – Gunning,.T. W.o of Holland …. ' ……… June – Task of Southern Baptists ·· ……… 0 ••••• 657 – Guernsey, Alice M., of New York ……• .1022 God is Sending Them-Poem ……………… 466 = ::: :',::: – Jowett, John 'Henry, of London ……….. 83 Good, James I,.~ Allen R. Bartholomew …… 289 ~~:1~~' :i~~rick' H~:'~f'Ch'i~'a:'::::: ~~~ Gospel Need in Oregon …………………… 931 Government and Missions in Egypt Today .. 945 – Parker, A. P., of China 1022 .0 ……… 0 •••••••• GreeceJ Missionaries in …………………… 645 – Rockey, Noble Lee …………………….. 600 – Refugee Students in., …….•……… 0 •••• 921 – Scott-Moncrieff, Sir G. K. . ……………. 856 – Sunday SchOOls in …………………….. 566 – Stirling, M. W. R., of Falkland Is. ……. 8:3 Grenfell Hospital Destroyed ……… " ….. 393 – Thompson, A. E., of Jerusalem………… 83 Guatemala, Evangelism in ……………….. 5&2 – Thompson, Charles L., of New York …… a31 Haiti, .New Field in …… , ………………… 1159 – Turner, Mrs. JUlia M., of Philadelphia … 856 Hawaii, Pacific Conference in …… ' ……… 575 – Wagnalls, A. W., of Brooklyn …. ' ._ …… 856 He~~!:~,iZcdhri~ti~ . App;~~C'h .'t~ .'th~: .'j ~h'~ 313 Denmark, New CoIJege in . , … ' …….. 295 Denominational Rivalry Vs. Cooperation .. 941 Stuart conning ……………………….. 830 Disciples, Jubilee o-f ••…..•. ' … S40 Hindu View of Jesus Christ. A ……….. > … 277 – Statistics for …………….. ' ….. 63 Holland, Missionary Union in …………….. 643 Doctrines, Debts and the Boards 8 Home Board Reorganized, U. Po …•.. , … , … 315 Ecua.dor, A Missionary Challenge, Webster – M~ss~on Method~, The Church in the Street 633 – Je'a:rH~~i~~ 'i~ .:::::::: :::::: :::::::::: :::: ~~ – JflSSlOllS Council ……….. " ………….. , 167 American Egypt, University at Cairo, W. ~ – In Southern LOUisiana ………….. .. 932 Homes for Missionaries ………………. :,.:: 455 Bancroft Hlll …………………………. 269 Huguenot-Walloon Celebration … ,. . …… 561 – and the Cal1phate …………………….. 566 Iceland,· The Dilemma. in ………… . …… 320 – Backsl1ding …………… , .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 28 Tmmigrant Protestant Church …. . ……… 558 – Fellowship of Unity in ………………… 566 Immigrants, Hungarian Churches, ,. , …….. 840 – Government and Missions in ………….. 945 – New Americans and the Local Church – Layman's Visit to the Mission Fields, Thomas Burgess …………. , ……….. ,.: 541 Fred MacMillan ………………………… 25 Immigration Problems, Reports ………….. 464 – Leader of Modern ……………………… 149 In the Secret of His Presence-Poem. Ellen – Opportunity in Cairo ………………….. 73 Indi~', X°'i:ithfUi"wii~~;;'::::::::::::::: g~~ – Preaching in MUd V1l1age ……………… 223 – Spiritual Growth in ……………………. 32'0 – Caloutta ……………………………….. 306 ~ Stone Throwing in …………………….. 470 – Ch,:nges,in a Generation .. , ……………. 474 – Thirsty Souls In ., …. 922 0 …………………. – – In HaIdarabad …………….. , ………. 848 Egypt's Politics. ISlam in …………….. ' … 396 – Ca~te D~stincticns> Fighting ………….. 1008 Europe, Churcbes of the Continent ………. 64'2 – ChIld WIdows of ………………………. 92.£ – Encouragement in …………………….. 642- – Chri~t in the Thinking of Asia, Yohan ~~~~~~~~~~~ti :i~::::::::::::':::::::::': ~i – Missionary Athlete, Another ………….1004 – Need for the Gospel …………………… 844 == EUropean Churches in Need …………….. 0 750 Evangelism at Exhibition ……………….. 0 318 – Chapel Cars, Samuel G. Neil ………….. 262' – Comtnunal Riot in, B. C. Velte….. , .. 114 – – Conference on . . 754 0 •••••• • •••• •• •••• ••• ••• ••• •• – CDio~neSsCtiaebnlcieshFmuenndt for . 0 4n – in China, Eduoation and ………………. 7f57 – '" • – London~DubJin Campaign ……………… 65 ': … :::::: 297 in ………. : – FaIthful under Persecution 92f) -:- New York City ………………………… 839 – Gandhi and the Government: . . . . . ::: .. :: 84R – Seamen's Christian Associ.ation .. . …. 841 – – Fre~? from Prison ….. ",.. EVangelist, Convict Turns . . . . …. (x)7 – Gandh~ ~ Advice to Ohristians . ….. 306 Evangelistic Club, Eusiness Men's, W. G. M. – –. POSItIon Today …………. …… 39f1 Thomas. .. ' …………………………… 19 – Glfts from Tree Climbers …. '" '" 57D Federal Council Meeting …………… .. …. 219 – Gospel Story Welcome ……. : 297 Federation of Women's Boards, Report ….. 139 :::::: 571 Feng and His Christian Army, General, – Islam in ……………………………….. 745 – Latest Census Figures …………………. 57(} George T. B. Davis ……. ' ………….. 955 FiJI, Australia and Africa ……………….1013 – Layman's Visit to, Fred MacMH1an ……. 2!1 – Church Finances in ………………… .. 1012 ~eper Settl – an Power ement .. …………….. .0………… 300 – Problem ····,· .. · …….. 68

INDEX FOR 1924

Page Page – New Seriousness in … __ ……………. __ .. 742- – Moslem's Memory ……………………… 69 – National Christian Council of, John J. – Newspaper Evangelism in …………… 742 Banninga ……………………. . …. 434 – Once a Drunken Conductor …….. 23(1- – No Nautch Girls for London . . …. 146 – Preserved Lives Dedicated …………….. 72- – Neo-Hindu Movement……… . …. 650 – Rebuilding Progress …………….. .478, 743 – New Col1ege in South …….. …… 69 – Revival of Old Religions, Robert Cornell – Pilgrim Preachers ……… . …. 226 Armstrong ……………………………. 679 – Politics and Religion ……… .. 474 – Social Reform in …………… __ ……….. 478 – Student Volunteers for ………………… 2~9 – :progress Among the Telugus ….. 848 – Prophecy for ….. . .. . . … 248 – Suffering and Relief in ……………. ,…. 12- – Ramabai Memorial …………………….. 927 – Tested by Persecution ………………… , 143 – Recent Changes in …… _………………. 2450 – Testimony from, H. Hatanaka …………. 256'

– Robber Village Transformed …………..1009 – Yokohama Union Church ………………. 402 – Sadhu Mission …………………………. 746 Japanese and Mission Schools 1n Chosen …. 495 – Secret Believers ……………………….. 147 – and the Social Evil, The ………………. 6721 – Social Service for Women ……………… 571 – Appeal for Helpful Reading …………… 55 – Surrounded by PlaguE' …………………. 926 – Christians Pray …•……………………. 743 – T'wenrty Years at Allahabad ….. , … , …… 474: – Church in Formosa ……………………. 654 – Union Church in Patna ……… ,., …….. 22:6- – Consul in Seattle, Memories of a, Esther – United Church in North ……………….. 475 Mary McC()ll()ugh •.•……•……..•……. 522 – Unoccupied Fields in , …………………. 649 – Courtesy ………….•………………….. 930 – Where God's Love is News …… , ……..•. 299 – Diet, Christians in ……….•…………… 230 Indian Centenary, An …………………….. 650 – Exclusion and MiSSions ……………….. 589 – Farmer, Christian …………………….. 653 – Christian Officials ……………………… 9:25 – Evangelists, Earnest …………………… 918 – Fashions and Customs Fete, Helaine – Government and the …………………… 316 Magnus ……….•.•.•.•…•…………….. 132 – Leaders, Training ……………………… 306 – Girl's Heart …………………………… 574 – l£gislation. New …………………..•..•• 755 – in America and the Exclusion Law, Kengo Tajima, ……•…………………………. 6~1 – Mission for Tibet ……………………..• 3(}7 =- South America …………………………• 753 – – – Christian Treatment of, K. Ogawa .. 5:::4 ~u~~erC::~~;~~:~'s :::::: :::::::: ~'. :'.::::: :1~ – – California. For ……………………… 5-38 – Mines, Women in ………………… __ …. 4:78 – Tribes, Unreached …………………….. 660 – Problem and Christian Missions, E. H.

– Welfare, American …………………….. 482 Zaugg ………………………………… 685 – W-omen and Dances ……………. . .. 221 – Red Cross and the Earthquake ………… 418 Indians Condemn Rites …………… 842 – Superstitions ……………………….. __ .1011 – Crown Jewels, Gathered at Crown Point, – "Who Travel …………………… . …….. 31(1- Henry Beets •…………………………. 603 Japan's Christian Council ……… . …… 930 – 1n Bolivia and Peru, Neglected, W. E. – Religious Conference ………………….. 479 – Je~~~~~~g .:::::::::::::::…. …: ~~ Java, Missionary Visit to Sumatra and …… 341 Jerusalem, American Church in ………….. 569 – Oklahoma ……………………………… 755 Jewish Community Center……………….. 64 – Papago, Mrs. F. S. Herndon …………… 883 – South American ……………………….. 483 – Missionaries, T'raining …•… . ….. 841 -~ What God Hath Wrought for the Red – Testimony ……………..•…………….. 390 Man, T. C. Moffett ……………………. 190 India's Ideals, Christ and . __ . __ …………… 146 Jews Leave Palestine, Many ……………… 9Q4 ~t~~!~if~~~l R~~~iO~'~~y" 'U~i'~~:" p~;~i~' ·C·. 746 – Removing the "Wall of Partition," Amos Int;;~~ci~te~ee~l~w·s·hip· .:~:::::::::::~::::::::: :1'M~ I. Dushaw ………………………… , … , 517 – World Facts About ……………………. 300 Jewish Science Movement ………………..1001 Jews of the World ………………………. 1014 i~r~d~n~ ~e: gf{p~~t~·:::::::::::::::::::::: t~ Judaism" Decline of ……………………… 481 Kanakuru People of West Africa, The, Pet~r C. J. Jansen ………………………….. 624 – in Egypt's Politics …………………….. 39'0 Klan, Protestants and the .. , ……….. , …… 154 – in India ……………………………….. 745 Korea, Beggar Boys in SeOUl …………….. 311 – in PerSia, Influence of W'm. N. Wyshan 9S1 ~- "Menace" to …………………………… 146 – Biederwolf Meetings in Cho-sen … , …….. 231 – Wababis and the Fall of Mecca ……….. 867 – Churches Needed in …… , ……………… 837 ~l~~~s;ct i~r~~~ts;[;~:~~~.~ . : :: :: :: :: :: :: :: ~,~~ – Encouragement from Pyeng yang …. , …. 838 – Fight Vice in •…………………………. 4'1'2 – Floods in ………………………………. 144 .. :::::::.. ..:: – Heroic Sisters on Kusaie ., …………….. 756~~ – Friendly Officials in …………………..1013 haTI~: :;~l~nns~ ~~~~~~.l~~~~:· – Growth in a Quarter Century …… , ….. 10U~ – If I Were a Young Missionary in, Yi Sang ChQi …….•…..•……•……………….. 276 Italy and the Old Gospel, F. S. Goodman …. 350 – Evangelical Christianity in . . .. 593 – Non-ChristIan Men in School ………….. 310 ~!~r~i~{~th:~}~;: : .~::::.:':':.:::.: i~ – Power tbat is Changing, M. L. Swinehart 128 – Revival Among School Girls …………… 14-5 – Rules for Mission Schools …………….. 144 – Seventy Students Eap'tized …………….. 479 Japanj A Message from, Mrs. Frank Gaylord – Severance Medical School ……………… 575 – Tithing Time in .. ____ …………………. 101 =Cook ………………………………….. 9t4 ~~~~rt?:iO~i~t~~~·".. : :::::::::::: ::: … : ::::: ~~~ – Training School Recognized ……………. 403 – Christian Teaching in Schools ………… 4()3 – What Laymen Do In, William N. Blair .. 69~ – – Influence in ………………………… 477 Korean Boy Soul Winner…………………. 73 – Earthquake and the Church in, H. V. S. – Missionary Spirit …………………….. 311 Peeke ………………………….•…….. 1.22' – Presbyterian ChUrch …………………… 6E'~ – – wsses …………………… , •……… 71, 72 – – Growth ……………..•……………… 575 – Exolusion and Missions ……………….. 742 – F'rom Sake to Condensed Milk ………… 57t – Sunday Schools ………………………… 479 – "God's Beautiful Vlllage" ……………… 837 – View of America, A ……………………. 528 – Oreat Christian Hospital ………………. &74 Ku Klux Klan, Chinese …………………… 978 – Hindrances to ChristianitY in, K. Miyazaki 193 – Honors for Christians ……………… , … 309 Latin America, A Paraguayan Politician …. 919 – January Earthquakes ………………. , … 229 – – A Torn Testament …………………… 919 – Living Results of Christianity in, Galen – – Conference at Montevideo …………… 4~~ M. Fisher …………………………….. 368 – – Converts Eager to Preach …………… 64 – Love Offering for ……………………… 997 – – Earthquake in Costa Rica …………… 663 – Lutheran School, Funds for …………..1011 – – Gospel for Road Menders ……………. 918 – Madame Yajima ……………………….. 72 – – Haiti's Sky Pilot ……………… , …… 842 – Nation-wide Evangelism in ……………. 837 – – H()w a Bible Built a Chapel ………… 918 – – In Dutch Guiana ……………………. 752 – – MiSSionary Educati on in ……………. 943 .:.- – Montevideo Congress ………………… 562

Page Page _….. _…….. 995 – – Need in San Domingo … . ………… 752 Nation Christlike–Poem – – Open Doors in, H. and S. B. Strachan 291 National Christian Councils in Asia ………. 333 –. — Racial Intermarriage, Oliveira Lima .. 513 NaMonalism in Burma, Raymond P. Currier 98 – — Spiritual Awakenings in …… _……… 170 Near East, Churches of ………………….. 67 – – Un evangelized Regions in ……. __ …… 217 – – Missionary Conferences ….. _……….. 413 – – Witch Doctors Kill Babies ………. _… 843 – – Orphans Religion, Teaching …………1007 Law Enforcement Convention …………….. 312 – – Relief …………………………….. 61, 648 Laymen's League, Christian ……………… 949 – – Reopening of Tyre ………………….. 847 Leaguej Christian Laymen's ……………. 949 Negro Americans, Fred L. Brownlee …….. 552 Leper Colony In Sumatra, S. M. Zwemer …. 118 – Churches in New york." .. " ………….. 392 – Settlement, New ……………………….. 306 – Migration Northward … , ………………. 841 Lepers, Communion Service for ………….. 572i Liberia, Important Town in …….. , ………1()()& – Migrations ………………………… .4~1, 658 – 'tl1ite World as Seen, by the, George E. Literacy Campaign in China ……………… 308 Haynes ………•…….. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . , ….. 499 Literature for Women and Children in Mis- Negroes, Better Colored Schools ………….. 315 sion Field ……………………………. 996 – Conferences for Colored Women, Mrs. W. Luthera.n Church, Extent of ……………… 60 C. Winsborough ………………………. 543 – Increase In Gifts …………….. , ……… 999 – Racial Good Will Movement, Will Winton – Schoo), Funds for ……………………..1Clll Alexander …………… , ………………• 505 – United Action …………………………. 153 New Hebrides, Chaos in ………………. ".. 74 Lutherans Reaffirm Faith ………………..• 220 – – Depopulation of …………………….. 311 Luxuries, Money for ……………………… 389 – – InjUstice in …………………………. 479 Lynohing, Kentucky Women and … , ……… 154 New Year, The-Poem, Horatio Nelson – Public Opinion and …………… " …….. 39'2 Powers ……………………………….. 59 Lynchings in 1923 ………………………… 316 Nias, A Pentecost in, Paul A. Menzel …….. 437 :Ma.nchuria, Conditions in Harbin ………… 477 Nicaragua.. Moravians in .. _………………. 562 Man's Final Destination, Sadhu Sundar Nigeria, Seiyawa Tribe of Western, O. F.

Singh ……………………………….. 958 Beitzel ……………………………….. 974 Map, New Kind of Electric ………………. 98f). Norton, Albert, of India. John E. Norton . __ 7{}2 ~:~~~~11e~~~~~n. ~l.~~..f.~~. ?~~~~.:.:::::::::: ~i~ Opium, Christians Fighting _. _.. _. 70 – F'ight, Anti- _………. __ ___ ' .. 14:~ Mecca, Wahabis and the Fal1 of __ ………… 867 Oriental Dispersion, The . _….. . …. .. .. 757 Medical College, Pekin~ Union, John H. – Survey, An ………. .. …… 39~ Korns ……………… , …. , …… , …….. 901 Orientals …………….. _.. .. .. 913 Mesopotamia, Chief Cities of .. 649 Our Land For Christ-Paem ……………… 996 – United Mission in ……… . 473 Overflow and the Passion, The, S. D. G'Jrd'Jl1 15 Mesopotamian Treaty …………. _ ……. 398 Palestine, British and Arab in …………… 225 Methodist Centenary Gains …….. .. ,6.1 – Enla.rged Work in ……………………… 149 – Millions ……. _. _… _…………. . . ..100() – In Cana of Galilee …………………….. 648 Methods, Modernizing Mi9sionary … _. 985 – Prophecy Fulfilled in ………………….. 648 Mexican Baptist Pastor ……………. .. 64 – Zionists in, Russell Galt ………………. 677 – Christians, Loyal .. 154 Panama Congress, Progress Since the. S. G. – Evangelicals Unite ……………. , …… 659 Inman ………………………………… 869 – Student Volunteers ……………… … 659 Parable of the Good American. A, A. M. – Build Churches … " ……………………. 394 – Buying Bibles .. _……………………… 752 Allan , ……………………… , ……….. 515 – in California ………………………….. 5,53 Peace, Boys and Girls and World, Mrs. E. C.

Mexico, Chinese Colony in, Jay S. Stowell .. 11(} Cronk …………………………………. Iii4 – Contrasts in, Sue R. Staley ……………. 175 – Message, Wireless ……… . ……… 919 – Neglected lndians of …………………… 155 Peeke, Harmon Van Slyck ……………….. 66-7 – Opp'ortunity in New …………… __ ……. 316 Persia., A Belated Confessbn …………….. 398 – UnderstandIng …………………………. 84.3 – Drawn by the Bible ……………………. 225 Mexican Governor, a Fearless …………… 1000 – Influenc-e of Islam in, Wm. N. Wyshan .. 981 – Martyr ………………………………… 1002; – "Lambs Among Wolves" …………. .. 67 Migrants, Summer Service to, Laura H. – Reoccupied Urumia _… _., .. …. …. … .. 68 Parker ………………………………… 136 – The Saviour He NeeCled .. 147 ~ Wbat Counts in ….. .. 148 Miraole of Spring, The-Poem, Alice Amelia Flagg …………………………………. 3,01 Persian Boys, Ambitious …. . .. _…… 92"4 Mission Board Symposium ……………….. 354 – Orphanage, In a. ………. … &4-7 – Boards HODe to Do, What …………….. 4-1 – Public Appreciative …………… .. … __ 569 – Study Ideas ………………………….. 992 Personalities, Carrie M. Kerschner '" 304 PERS01'lALS .•……… ___ …•………. _.. _… 3, Missionary Progress, Summary …………… 5 83, 1~3, 241, 331, 4<)9, 489, 585, H65" 8f.6. !j7, 938 Missionary's Equipment, A-Poem. J. Hudscn Peru, Church and State in …….. _ … 753 Taylor ………………………………… 711 – Fight for Lioorty in ………………….. 563 Missions Campaign in Rochester, National .. 169 – Neglected Indians in, ,V. E. Erowni"!lg '" 287 – Exchange and Cost of ….. __ …………… 6D PerUVIan Leader a Christian ………. ,…… 65 – jn Egypt Today, Government ana 945 Philippines, 1899 to 1924, The ……………… 312 – Premier MacDonald on . _. _. _. 844- – Bible in the ……………………………. 8,8 MOney, How We Can Save.. . .. _. 416 – Disciples in the ……………………….. 231 Mongol, A Christian ….. 71 – Religious Situation tn. Frank C. LaubaCh n Mongolia, EXlJelled from 886- Physicians Unite for Missions ……………. 15-~ Morals Policies, Public … 313 Pola2;!d and Religious Liberty ………… , … 319 Mormon Centennial, The 482 – Revival in Russian ……………………. 84!) ~ Church in Washington . &57 Poster Suggestions ……………………….. 730 l{ormonism, Good and Evil in . 482- Prayer and Publicity …………………….. 46 – in Idaho ….. . ……. . … . ……. 9~1 – Answered, Kanamf)ri's …………………. 5,n – Present Day ……………………… 39() – Call to World Wide Year of …………… 165 Mormons SUll Polyg-amists ………………. 842 – Evidences of Answered ………………… 24R – Train Children, How ………………….. 64 – for n Life of L,iberty-Poem ………….. 980 Moslem View of Christianity, A, S. M. – Parables of, Sadhu Sundar Sin'?h _….. 178 Zwemer _………. , ……… , ……………. 877 Project Method in MIssionary Educatt-:n, – Women Converts ………………………. 92-t Herbert W. Gates …………………….. 128 – World, Upheaval in ……………………. 847 – Plans, Practical, Mary Jenness… _ 203 Moslems and the Press ., … , ……………… 320 – Work, Real, Mabel G. Kerschner ……… 130 – Anxious ……………………………….. 400 Publicity, Prayer and ……………………. 46 – Being Reached …………..•…………… 748 Questions for a Man at Fifty, A. A. Hyde .. 340 – Conference on Work for ……………….. 47Q Race Prejudice, College Course to Eliminate 550 – Listen to the Gospel, When. I. LiJias Trotter ……………………………………. 426 – – Prayer for Deliyerance from, Mornay Mountaineer's Schoo], A …………………. 480 Williams ……………………………… 876 Mountains, In the Cumberland ……………. 313 – Problem~ Christian Solution of the, Frank

INDEX FOR 1924

Page Page L. Anderson ………………………….. 5:)3 Sumatra and Java, Missionary Visit to, S.

– – Future of the Red Men in Americ:a. M. Zwemer ……………………………. 841 Henry Roe Cloud … , ……. , ………….. 529 – Miracle of Missions in, S. M. Zwemer …. 118 – – Interracial Cooperation in Indianapolis, Sunday School Convention, World ….. , .389, 756 Charles O. Lee ……………………….. 546 _ – Fleet ……………………………….. 314 – – Parable of the Good American, A, M. _ – Progress in Mission Lands, W. G. Landes ……………………………….. 446 Allan ………………………. '" ……… 515 – -. Removing the "Wall of Partitiall," Sunday-schools in Syria . _……………….. 925 Amos 1. Dushaw ……………………… 617 Superstition in Africa, Fighting, Mathilde T. – – The …………………………………. 493 Dysart …………………………………. 42-1 – — What Can Be Done, Bertha G. Judd … 549 Swedes, Missionary Activities of the, J. Rin- man …………………………………… 619 Race Problems in Mississippi ……… 557 Syria, French Rule in …………….. . … 149 – – Solving ……………………•……….. 557 – Hamlin Memorial in …………. . … 1007 – Relations, Britain and ……… . … 844 – Growth of Beirut Press ………… . 648 – – Cbristian ………………………. . …. Z2() – Orphans Govern Themselves ……. 148 – -..0 Way of Christ in, Edith H. Allen .. ' 551 – Sunday Schools in ……………….. 925 – Superiority …. ,., ………………………. 516 Temperance, Anti-Saloon League Rally 292 Racial Good Will Movement, A, Will Winton – Hope of a Dry World…………….. 61 Alexander ………………….. _.. 505 – W. C. T. U. in China………………….. 70 – Integrity, Virginia's …………………… 557 Testimony from Enemies ………………… 1005 – Intermarriage in South America, Oliveira Lima …………………………………. 513 Thompson, Charles L" Missionary Statesm.an 449 Radio, Foreign Mission News by ………… 99() Tibet, American Mission in …. , …………. , 307 Red Men in America, Future of, Henry Roe – Christian Books for ………… "." ……. ' &73 Cloud …………………………………. 52~ – Christians in ………………….. , ….. , .. 400 Rhodesia, Prohibition for ……………….. 151. – Indian M1ssion for …………………….. 307 Roman Catholic-Vatican Missionary Exhi- – Evangelism In …………………………1011 bition …………………………………1004 Tibetan Border, On the ………………. 651, 745 Rotary Club and Missions ………………… 294 – Monks ., …. " … , ……………………… , 475 Rouman1a, State and Church in ………….. 219 Rural Church, Need of the ………………. 314 Tithing Increases Funds ………………….. 839 =- – Test of the …………………………. 841 Turkestan for Christ, Holding ……………. 473 Me~:;gd:. ~ha~IML~r~~C:tP~:. ~~~:.~. ~'..~.~l.t.O.~ ~~ Turkey, Boys' Clubs in …………………… 472 – Future of Polygamy …………………… 569 – Medical Work in Aintab ……………….. 473 Russia, A Crime Against Children …… , …. 645 – Mission Work Resumed ………………… 224 = :lg ~~~i-~~;;:~e ~~1i~~~:Sin' .:..::……….::..:::… : ~: – Outlook for Missionary Work in ………. 674 =~~~~c~h~~dO~i3!~~ "i~"::::::::::::::::::::::: ~ – PlUral Marriage in …………………….. 67 – Social Changes in …………………….. 1007 – What Did the Martyrs See? _… .. 67 =- Communist Idea of LOve ………………. 396 Turkish Government and Religion .. 335 8~~~~~ef~~ ~~~~~:.::'''''''''''''':: .. :::::: :1~ – Persecution, Petty ………… . 568 – Woman Doctor, First ………. . 22fi Turks Close Aintab Hospital ….. . 148 – Methodist Pians for . . ….. 152 – Toward Missions, Attitude of ……… …… 93 – Paganism in …….. .. .. 845 Union Enterprise~ A New, Sarah H. Polhemus 300- – Religious Values in ……… . …… 646 – Hindered. Canadian Church _. _….. _. _. _… 658 Rus3ian Chri3tians Persecuted ……. 845 in –0 Holland, Missionary ……….. .. .. 643 – Churches Closing … 1004 – Southern Methodists for ………… 754 – Communist Rite ……. _ …. 751 – Vote for Methodist ……………. 560 – Demand for Books … . .. 222 United Church, V,"'or-k of the …………….. 943 – Poland, Revival in …………. .. 845 United States, China in the Local Parish, Santo Domingo, Converlidos in Nel1ie M John Clark Archer ………………….. 988 Whiffen …………………. .'…………. : 189 – – Rural Church Under the Microscope, Sc~rrM1~:~~n~~y 'Fi~~~'~~'::::::::::::::::::: i~ _ ~~~~~s ~~ ~h~to~~.:::::.:~:~:::~:~:~:::~:::::l~i – Religious Conditio-ns ……………….. , … 920 Sem~naries in United States, Theological …1000 – – Theological Seminaries ………………1()()o unityW;~tdi~g~h~h~i~~i:~ ~~.~~~~ . .':.'. ~ '.:::::~ 9~~ SerbIa, Protestant Work for ……………… 391) Vacation Bible SchooL Adeline Guenther …. 33 Service, "Applied Christianity" ., …………• 481 – Enlisting a Denomination for World Wit- ;~ti~:~a M1vfs~1g~~~~' Jx~~bit;~~":::::::::::: :~JSM S liam F. MODermott ……………. ."……. 452 VOlWNde:~n~~~~~ ..~~~…~.~V:.: …~~~~~.t…~: 903 sr:!~~~ g;rls~~~e~~~~s. :::::::: ::: :::::::::::: ~:g ;:~~~~:f:ni~c~~r.9 'j;; 'Stciiy':::::::::::::::::: ~~ s: Gradua.tes to Teach ……………………. 69 War, Conference on Cause and Cure of …. 994 War-Mad World, A ……………………… 60 c::; ~l~~:~~~~~~k ~~y~e::.:::::.::.::::::::::: ~l~ – The Church and ……………………….. 932 Slavs in the United States ….. , ….. , …….1001 Washington Convention, The Coming ……. , 852 Social Evil, The Japanese and the ……….. &'72 we~. I£,~t~en~ra .~.i~.s.i.O.; .~i.~l.~,..~~.~'..~~.~~~~~ 183 SoC!al. Service, Studpnts and …………….. 999 SocIah3m, "Red" Archbishop in New York.. 62 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN …… . Somervell, Dr. Theodore Howard, Missionary .. 54. 139. 214, 302. 382, 4£7, 554. 640, 734. 827. 913 Athlete …………………………. . …1004 South America-(See Latin America)." ssa' 734" WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN 912 .. 57. 136. 211. 299. 386, 464. [>51, 637' – – Indian Infanticide ………………….. :::'003 Women Call for Action …………. .'…..'…. : 655 South Seas, Bible in …………………….1013 Stewarts as Christian Stewards, The …….. 59-5 m – in Church, Status of, Mrs. Charles K. Roys .282 Student Mission, Fitchburg ……………… 999 W.;ldEy::~i~t~~~:t'T~uar~e].I~ .~:..~.c.~~.i~.~.:: – Movement, British …………………….. 221 =- Alliance at Oxford ……………………. , 564- – Views of Indianapolis Convention ……… 173 i~l~~roe:s~c:r~~t;~i:' B~~i~' f~'~':::::::: ~: ~:: ~~ Y. M. C. A. Budget for 1924 ……………. 64, 153 – Volunteers for Japan ………………….. 229 – Canal Zone ………….. , ……….. ,., …… 482 Siu'r~;~ ~~~njfri~nd~~r~~~aii~~'s,' 'E~i~~~d' if: 386 = :::::::::::: :::: :::: ::: W Y. W. C. A. Convention …………………… 314 ~a~~~t~f ~~~~e:a~':::: Lockwood ……………………………… 545 Young People and World Peace, Mrs. E. C. Cronk •……….. , …………………….. 64 – – Home Missions ……………………… 2.18 – – Social Servioe ……………………… 999 Youth Movement and Missions, American … 85 – are Reading, What Foreign ……………. 669 – at LouisVille, Methodist ……………….. 5.5.9 Zio~~~~i~n~al:s~f~~e~u~~~ii· G~it' ~:::::::::: =~ – of Europe, Relief of the, Fred H. Rind:se '613 Sudan, Facts About the …………………… 397 Sudanese Chiefe, Friendly ………•……….. 160

NEW BOOKS REVIEWED Page Page In China Now, J. C. Keyte ……………. 583, 851 Adventures in Brotherhood, Dorothy Gtles •. 577 In Palestine at the Empty Tomb, E. E. African Clearings, Jean Kenyon Mackenzie .• 758 African Idylls, Donald Fraser •…•….•…..• 77 Violette ………..•…….•………..•…..• 23£ Afrtcan Life, W. H. Overs …….•.•.•…….1018 In Quest of God, Marshall Broomhall •……• 851 America and the World Liquor Problem. In the Heart of Savagedom, Mr. and Mrs.

Ernest Hurst Cherrington .. , ………….. 406 Stewart Watt ………•………………… 488 Americans in Eastern Asia, Tyler Dennett .. 849 Anglo-South American Handbook, Edited by In the Land of Sweepers and Kings, George W. H. Koebel …………………………. 238 E. Miller •………….•.•…..•.•……….. 935 Answered Prayer in China, C. E. Scott .. 239. 851 Indian Pie, By Several Authors ………….. 582 Apolo of the Pygmy Forest, A. B. LlOyd …. 1018 Arab at Home. Paul W. Harrison …..•…•. 1{):1!) Indische Missionsgeschichte, Julius Richter.. 581 Are Foreign Missions Worth While? ……… 407 Jane in the Orient, Lois H. Swinehart ……. 8521 Argentine Republic, The, Pierre Denis …… 238 John Tengo Jabavu, D. D., T. Jabavu …… 664 Baron Paul Nicolay, Greta Langeuskjold …. 759 JUbilee Story of the China Inland Mission, Beginning Again at Ararat, Mabel E. Elliott 760 Bolshevist Persecution of Christianity, Marshall Broomhall ….•.•.•…..•…..•… 85~ Junior Citizen, The, Joyce Constance Manuel 407 Francis McCullagh ……………………. 578 Kachins, The, O. Hanson …………………. 582, Breaking Down Chinese Walls, E. L Osgood &51 Business of Missions, The, Cornelius H. Pat- Kingdom of God, The, FranCis Asa Wight … 578 Labor in India. Janet Harvey Kelman ……. 486 ton ………………………•…………… 4{)4 Land of All Nations, Margaret R. Seebach .. 577 Call of China's Great Northwest. The, Mrs. Land of Saddle Bags, The, James Watt Raine 759 Howard Taylor ……………………….. 233 Land Systems of MexiCO, The, George Mc· g~f;::i~nCI~~~~~era~i~n~'t.,,:,o~sa~hf~~·d . : :: ~~ Bride ……. , ……. , ……… ". , ……….. 233 China Awakened, M. C. T. Z. Tyau ………. 850 Layman's Confession of Faith, A, P. Whit- China in the Family of Nations, H. T. Hodg~ well Wilson •.•…………………•…….. 662 kin ………………….•….•…••.•…….. 849 Life and Labors of Archibald McLean, Wil- Ham Robinson Warren ……. , ………… 157 China Mission Year Book ………………… 850 China Today Through Chinese Eyes, T. T. Life as a StewardshIp, Guy L. Morrill ……. 237 Life of the AnCient East, The, James Baikie 4()5 Lew and Others ………………………. 78 Lives O'Menj Margaret Pyle ……………… 237 China-Yesterday and Today, E. T. Williams Livingstone, the Master Missionary. Hubert ……………….•….••…•.•…..•…•.•. 75, 80ID ~. Livingstone ………………………… 480 Christian and His Muney Problems, Thel Lutheran World Almanac and Annual Ency- Bert Wilson ..•………………………… 239 clopedia ………………•….. ' ………… 40/3 Christian Education in China …………….• 8150 Magyars in America, The, D. A. Souders …. 406 Christian Literature in Moslem Lands ,…… 79 Maryknoll Mission Letters ……………….• 232 Christian Occupation of China, The, Milton Men, Maidens and Mantillas, Stella Burke T. Stauffer …….. : …………….•…….. 85(] May •.••••.•…•.•……•……..•…..•.•…. 158 Christian Reformed Church, The. Henry Men, Women and God, A. Herbert Gray ….. 237 Mexico, An Interpretation, Carleton Beals .. 934 Beets …………………………………. 760 Miracle Man and the Wonder Book, The, Christian StewardshIp. B. T. Kemerer ……. 6821 Christianity and Economic Problems, Kirby Fred J. Meldan …………………….•… 240 Modern Religious Movements in India, J. N. Page and Others ……………………… 582 Christianity and Liberalism. J. Gresham Farquhar ..•…•.•••…•…..•.•••…..••…. 661 More Twice Born Men, Harold Begbie ……. 238 Machen ………………….. , ………….• 487 My Children of the Forest. Andrew F. Hen"eY 758 Christianity and the Race Problem, J. H. My Nestorian Adventure in China. Frits Oldham ……………………………….. fJl7 Holm ….•.•…•.•……..•…………•….. 75 ChristianIty the Final Religion, S. M. New Invasion of Belgium, A, Philip E.

Zwemer •……………..•………•…….. 663 H<>ward ……………………………….. 759 Contacts with NOll-Christian Cultures, D. J. New Lanterns in Old China, Theodora Mar~ Fleming ………………………………. 661 shaIl Inglis …..•…..•………•………•. 76 Cornaby of Hanyang, Coulson Kernahan and N or Script, Amy Wilson Carmichael ……… 408 Notable Women of Modern China, Margaret Mrs. Wm. Cornaby ……………………1018 Daniel Bula, R. C. Nicholson …….•.•……. 664 Burton ……………•………………….. 850 'Development of China, The, K. S. Latourette 849 Nyasa, the Great Water, William P. Johnson 485 Directory of Protestant Missions in China .. 78 Progress of World Wide Missions, Robert H. Dr. Arthur Jackson of Manchuria, AJfred J. Glover ……………………….. , , , , . ' .. 1016 Coseain ……….•……………………… 851 Race and Race Relations, Robert E. Speer.. 1015 Erromanga, the Martyr Isle, H. A. Robertson 66:3 Race Problems in the New Africa, W. C. Facing the Cl'isis, Sherwood Eddy …… , ….. 406 Faith That Overcomes the World, The, Van Willoughby ……………………………. 404 Religion of Lower Races., The, Edwin W. Rensselaer Gibson …. _………………… 407 For a New America, Coe Hayne………….. 78 Smith …………………………………. 79 Foreign Magic, Jean Carter Cochran …….. 850 Religious and Social Problems of the Orient, Forty-Five Years in China, Timothy Richard 850 Francis de Sales Buchanan, Gilbert White .. 233 Masaharu Anesaki ……………………. 235 Francois Coillard, Edward Shillito ……….. 5S3 Shelton of Tibet, Flora Beal Shelton ….. 239, 851 Frontier Spirit in American Christianity, Social Revolwtion in Mexico. Edward A. Ross 157 Social Survey in Town and Country Areas, The, Peter G. Mode …………………… 584 Galilee Doctor, A, W. P. Livingstune ……. , 76 The, H. M. Morse …………………….. 760 Gateway to China, The, Mary Ninde Game- St. Louis Church Survey, The, Paul Douglas 760 Story of John G. Paton, The, James Paton .. 759 well …………………………………… 24Q Tables in the Wilderness, Amy Wilson Car- General Feng, Marshall Broomhall ……….. 664 Glimpses of Indian America, W. F. Jordan .. 232 michael … ,. ………………………… ,. 237 GUide of Religious Pageantry. A, Mason Timothy Richard of China, W. E. Soothill .. SIll Twenty-Five Years of the L. M. Soo A. T. S. Crum ……..•………………………… 239 Henry Martyn, Confessor of the Faith, Con~ James ………………….•…..•………. 488 When Black Meets White, John Louis Hill .. 237 stance E. Padwlck ……………………. 78- When the East is in the West. Maude Mad· History of the Wesleyan' Methodist Mission- den ……••………..•…•…….•………. 583 ary Society, G. G. Findlay ……………. 933 White Fields of Japan, The, I.lois J. Erickson 23'5 Home and Health in India, The, Kate Platt 334 William Carey, S. Pearce Carey ………….. 581 Home, Saviour of Civilization, The, J. E. Mc- Winning of the Far East, The, Sidney L.

Culloch ………..•…………………….. 1W3 Gulick ………….•……………………. 486 Idea of God, The, Clarence 'A. Beckwith ….. 40'1 World Service of the Methodist Episcopal Ideals of Theodore Roosevelt, The, Edward ChUrch ..•…………………………….. 158 H. Cotton ……•………….•.•………… 664 Year Book of the Churches. ,…………….. 76 Ignatius Loyola, Henry Dwight Sedgwick … 579

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1924

NUMBER Z

.. FEBRUARY, 1924 AMERICAN YOUTH MOVEMENT AND MISSIONS EDITORIAL ATTITUDE OF THE TURK TOWARD MISSIONS A RESIDENT OF TURKEY NATIONALISM IN BURMA—1923 RAYMOND P. CURRIER THE CHRISTIAN CONTRIBUTION TO CHINA CLARENCE H. HAMILTON A REMARKABLE CHINESE COLONY IN MEXICO JAY S. STOWELL A MIRACLE OF MISSIONS IN SUMATRA SAMUEL M. ZWEMER 1l.50A YEAR 2S CENTS A COPY MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY land REILY STS., HARRISBURG, PA. 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK

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CONTENTS FOR FEBRUARY, 1924'

Page FRONTISPIECE …………………… AN "OPEN DOOR" POSTER FOR CHINA EDITORIALS …………………………………………………….. 85 THE AMERICAN YOUTH MOVEMENT AND MISSIONS FOREIGN MISSION EXECUTIVES IN CONFERENCE NUGGETS FROM THE STUDENT VOLUNTEER ()QNVENTION THE ATTITUDE OF THE TURK TOWARD MISSIONS …………………. . . …….. . ….. . " ………………………… BY A RESIDENT OF TURKEY 93 Aver!! d;,seriJminating statement of facts, showing how far Turkish opposition is hindering Christian missions in 1'urkey.

NATIONALISM IN BURMA-1923 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BY RAYMOND P. QURRrEl! 98 A study of the faots ooncerning the awakening of national consciousness among the Burmese.

THE CHRISTIAN CONTRIBUTION TO CHINA …….. CLARENCE H. HAMILTON 104 The definite results of Christian missionary w(»"k as seen after over a century of evangelistic and educational effort in carrying the Gospel to the Chinese.

WANG MEl-A CHINESE NATHANAEL . . . . . . . . BY MRs. JONATHAN GOFORTH 107 The very impres8sive story of a young Chinese and his conversion to Christ.

A REMARKABLE CHINESE COLONY IN MEXICO ……. .By JAY S. STOWELL 110 The results of Christian work among Chinese in Mexico on the Califorma borde…

A COMMUNAL RIOT IN INDIA ………………………… BY H. O. VELTE 114 The thrilling story of the cause and effect of a dash between Mo/wnrvmedans and Hindus, showing the need for strong control in India.

A MIRACLE OF MISSIONS IN SUMATRA . . . . . . . . . . . BY SAMUEL M. ZWEMER 118 Aotual results seen in a recent visit to the Dutch missions in MOolaysiOo, especially in the work for lepers.

THE EARTHQUAKE AND THE CHURCH IN JAPAN …… BY H. V. S. PEl!KE 122 The effect of the reaent disaster upon the native Chr>.stian ohurohes in the Tokyo area and the possible results to the progress of Chr>.stiawity.

THE POWER THAT IS CHANGING KOREA ••……….. By M. L. SWINEHART 126 The wonderful story of spiritual awakening under the injiuence of the Holy Spirit on KoreOons, rlJmlinding one O'f Apvstolil< days.

BEST METHODS FOR PROJECT TEACHING . . . . . . EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK 128 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN •••… EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN' 136 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN ………………………….. 139 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARy………………………………………. 155 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies 25 centll. Published monthly. COPYl"ighted, 1924, by MISSIONARY REvIEw PUBL{SlUNG COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

Robert E. Speer, President Willam I. Chamberlain, Vice-President PUbUcatl~nel~~6~. IgI~r~:tlY'sst;~;ailarrlSburg. Editorial !aJtsrus~~~~~l~, T{5~SFf~th Avenue. Pa. 25c a COpy $2.50 a year New York City Entered as secon4-class matter at the Post 011100. Harrlsburc, Pa., nnder Act ot March 3, 1879. PERSONALS DR. JOHN R. MOTT, Chairman of the In- William ternational Missionary Council, has sailed for Jennings Bryan Enrope and wiII in March and April hold a series of conferences with nlissionaries WOl'k- whom God has raised up in such a ing iu North Africa, Egypt, Turkey, Syria. conspicuous way as 8 champion of and Palestine and other Moslem lands. the Christian faith, w ill write seven illuminating articles on .. .. * The Questions in Dispute RORACE E. COLEMAN, Secretary in Japan for the World '8 Sunday School Assoe;ation, The Inspiration of the Bible has ;recently retnrned to America with a. The Deity of Christ large set of most interestmg slides which The Virgin Birth show the earthquake aud its results. He is The Blood Atonement ready to give lectures and may be addressed The Resurredion of the Body lit 216 Metropolitan Tower, New York City. The Miracles The Origin of Man *** Mr. Bryan will make plain in this MRS. CH,,-RLES M. ALEXANDER, the widow stirring series of articles beginning of the well-known singing evangelist, and early in 1924, and published exclu- Rev. A. C. Dixon, D.D., of Baltimore, Mary- sively in land, were married recently at the home of Mrs. Alexander in Birmingham, England. what is the Bible teaching on each Mrs. Alexander, as Helen Cadbury, was the founder of the Pocket Testament League, an organization in which Dr. Dixon was also . greatly interested.

REV. RODNEY W. ROUNDY, for four years Associate Secretary of the Home Missions Council, has resigned to take a pastorate in the Congregational Church of Laconia, New Hampshire. Mr. Roundy and Dr. Anthony have done very effective service in this in- terdenominational home: mission organiza- tion and it will be difficult to fill their places.

* .. * REV. CHARLES A. BROOKS, D.D., has ,'e- signed as secretary of the Baptist Home Mission Society, to accept a call to the pas- torate of the Englewood Baptist Church in Chicago, Ill. .

* * *' Mrss RUTH MUSKRAT;· ,Cherokee Indian, now a junior at Mt. HOlYQke College, called on President Coolidge on Dec. laUI to ap- peal for more schools for the Indians of America, and afterwards remained for luncbeon at the White Rouse.

OBITUARIES of these great subjects, how each Rfl'. REV. M. W. H. STIRLING, first Bishop has been attacked, and why belief of the Falkland ISlands, and senior Anglican Bishop, died ill London on Nov. 19, 192H, in in these doctrines is essential for the ninety-fifth year of his age. the Bible believer. Your sub- *** scription on the attached ,!e~!~. DR. JOHN HENRY JOWETT of London, for .. CO ten years pastor of the Fifth Avenue Pres- coupon will be dated to byterian Churcb of New York, and perhaps ~~~ the most persuasive and helpfUl preacher of the present generation, died of heart failure include this eagerly ~..,.~ .,-,,< 37 in England on December 20th. The Christian world is richer because of his life and awaited series. at ~~a.<.~<..,0.<l"''.$'''-SUNDAYTHSECHOOL message. t..~"t:'S.1 TIMES COMPANY B•• 1550 REV_ A. E. THOMPSON, the author of "A. ,;,>",…… Phil.d.r"l>ia, Pa. Century of Jewish Missions" and for many years a missionary of the Christian and 0fl1>i-'''O~ For the 25 cents enclosed Missionary Alliance at .Jerusalem, died on ~~llZ)~ December 31st in Nyack, New York. He .."'~<' please send Tbe Sunday School was an able and Christlike man and made Times for 10 weeks, including the a distinct contribution to Christian thought Jseues containing Mr. Bryan's artl. and progress. cles, to Name …………………………••.

Address ……………………..•…

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A STUDENT'S POSTER EXHillITED AT THE STUDENT VOLUNTEER CONVENTION IN INDIANAPOLIS

MISSIONARY

EVIEW'

VOL. FEBRUARY, 1924 NUMBER XLVII TWO AMERICAN YOUTH MOVEIMEN']' AND MISSIONS T HE ninth Student Volunteer Oonvention, held in Indianapolis, December 28th to .January 1st, was unique and, in some re- spects, an epoch-making Oonvention. It was not.a foreign missionary gathering, if one would judge entirely by impassioned missionary appeals and a high tide of enthusiasm for the evangelization of non-Ohristian peoples. Probably not many of the five thousand students who attended the Oonvention, from nearly a thousand colleges and technical schools of North America, were led to enlist in service abroad; but it was a remarkable Oonvention, nevertheless. The full significance of the gathering can only be estimated by its results, and it is yet too early to discover of these, but there is reason to hope that the influence will be great and beneficial, both at home and abroad.

This Convention was a marked contrast to previous gatherings of the Movement, which have all been unusually inspiring student gatherings. This year there was the same evidence of prayerful preparation and of masterly organization; the same enthusiasm and the same sense of latent possibilities, that have characterized previous Volunteer Conventions. But this year there was a differenceas many expected there would he after the incipient insurrection at Des Moines four years ago.

After that Oonvention the students were given a larger share in the executive work of the organization to the extent that younger leaders were placed on the Executive Oommittee and a Student Oouncil was formed, representing the volunteer bands of the United States and Oanada. To meet their wishes, also, the program was enlarged to include many topics such as Race Relationships, Industrial Betterment, International Peace and the Youth Movements-topics not ordinarily classed under "Foreign Missions." The result was at first d,isturbing, but in the end was reassuring, for the students gave encouraging evidence of sane judgment, of a spirit of consecration, of ability in leadership and of a desire to exalt Ohrist.

8S

In other respects, also, the Oonvention was unique. It was not a "spoon fed" audience, or a "table d'hote" feast that was set before the students. It was rather ~{ "cafeteria" or "a Ia carte" bilI of fare. The older missionary leaders did not simply hand out what they thought the younger generation needed, but the youth were consulted as to what they would like to have and how they wished it served. As a result, much of the time was taken up with a discussion of the, before-mentioned topics, related more to the practice of Christianity than to its propagation. But the topics discussed were shown to be closely related both to American student life and to the evangelization of non-Christian peoples.

.Another noticeable change was the introduction of discussion groups, fifty of which, under student leadership, discussed freely the topics of their choice. The climax of these discussions came on Tuesday morning, the last great day of the feast, when, with an able student chairman of their own selection, the whole convention heard fellow-students present different sides of the problems of Race Relationship and plans for the Preservation of Peace. In discussing Race Relationships, a southern student, a northern Negro, a northern college man and a Filipino presented different views. The majority favored no racial discrimination in politics, industry and religion, but none favored intermarriage. It was proposed that, in going back to their colleges, the students work to eliminate the attitude of white superiority, make friends with those of other races, and pro- mote a better understanding in place of race antagonism.

In the discussions on War, which was a favorite topic, all agreed that war is horrible and that it causes more evils than it remedies. The platform debate was conducted hy four men, the first of whom (from California) defended the proposition that military preparedness is the best way to avoid disastrous warfare. Less than five per cent of the students supported this view. The second speaker (from Boston University) upheld the proposition that while war is unchristian, it cannot be immediately abolished and that the best preventative is through education and the removal of the causes of war by Ohristianizing onr political, industrial and social systems.

Abont seventy per cent voted in favor of this platform. The third speaker (from the University of Nebraska) aroused much enthusiasm in favor of the settlement of international disputes through a WorId Court and a League of Nations. The vote in favor of this position was almost unanimous. The fourth speaker (from Union Seminary, New York) bravely defended his position in favor of non-resistance since "war defeats its own ends," causes new wars and is contrary to the spirit and teachings of Christ. Less than ten per cent voted in favor of the extreme pacifist position. .

There were other features in the Convention that seemed strange to those who have attended previous gatherings of the Volunteers.

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

The honored leaders of the past thirty-seven years were conspicu- ously absent from the program. Dr. John R. Mott was not the pre- siding genius, having resigned four years ago as Chairman of the Executive Committee. His place was ably filled by Dr. Joseph C. Robbins while a young man and a young woman student acted as vicechairmen. There was a new quartette, from the Lutheran Seminary in Minneapolis to replace the familiar" Association Quartette." The ,,! only speakers of former Conventions who gave platform addr,esses were Drs. Mott, Speer, Eddy and atson-one each. The only Mis- sion Board Secretary on the program was Robert E. Speer and addresses by missionaries were limited to those by Dr. Charles R. Watson of the American University in Cairo, Dr. Paul W. Harrison of Arabia and Professor Kingsley Birge of the International College, Smyrna-all from Moslem lands. Many other missionaries and secretaries were present and took active part in section meetings of the Convention.

When the Convention adjourned on the evening of New Year's Day, it was, however, with a distinct and devout sense of encouragement as to what the future holds, for mankind under consecrated Christian leadership such as was manifested by this student generation. If the Youth Movement in America can produce and put forward such leaders, there is reason to look to the future with bright hopes for the victory of Jesus Christ over the hearts and lives and institutions of men of all races.

And yet, our hope is not in man, in human leadership or in any man-made program; our hope is in God and in the Gospel brought to us through His Son, Jesus Christ. Here indeed is the ground for encouragement in this Convention. Not only the" elder statesmen" and the missionaries, but the students themselves, in their forums and in platform addresses magnified Christ and upheld His standards. The representatives from non-Christian .Japan, China, India, Africa and the Philippines, with one accord, exalted Christ and His Gospel as the only hope of their people, and they called on His followers in America to come over and reveal Him and His way of life.

The Student Volunteer Movement may be entering upon a new phase of service. It has done a great work which has resulted in over 10,000 Volunteers going as missionaries to foreign fields in the past thirty-seven years. Let us hope that the Movement will not be sidetracked frOID its main purpose to enlist and train students to carry the Gospel to non-Christian peoples. That task is unique enough and great enough to engage its whole attention until "this generation" is evangelized. It is eminently wortp' while for Christian students to meet and discuss present-day problems that have to do with the practical out-working of the teachings and spirit of Christ, but that should not supplant the occasional meetings of Student Volunteers, with others interested, to consider especially the need of vast numbers of our fellowmen who know not Christ, and the

personal responsibility resting upon His followers to make His way of Life known to all.

The solution of the world's problems is not to be found through self-expression and natural race development; it must come through the Christ-expression in human life and the bringing of mankind into line with the will of God throngh the dedication of life to Jesus Christ and His program.

FOREIGN MISSIONARY EXECUTIVES IN CONFERENCE I T would be difficult to overestimate the importance of the annual interdenominational Conferences of the Foreign Mission Boards of North America to the world-wide campaign of Christian Churches. These conferences are what general staff meetings are to a military campaign, for they bring unity and effective cooperation where otherwise there might be failure through lack of harmony. As one of the speakers at the recent Foreign Missions conference at Atlantic City remarked, "The greatest hindrance to the advance of the Christian Church in the non-Christian world is division and discord among the forces that are charged with the responsibility of carrying on the work."

Looking back over the past thirty years since the first of these annnal conferences was held, there are evidences of great progress made through a better understanding of the immense task before the Church, in better methods learned from the experience of others and of more effective coordination among the workers in different branches of the Church. Thirty years ago, the Boards too often entered fields without nuch reference to the work and plans of other denominations and without an adequate knowledge of the comparative needs of different fields. They made their educational, literary and medical programs independently, without considering the time and money that might be saved, and the greater efficiency that might be secured, through cooperative effort.

Plans for the promotion of interest in the Church at the Home Base were dependent upon the ability and experience of individual executives, for administrators took little advantage of the wisdom of other Church Boards. Each worked out its own program and devised its own methods. Today, the wisdom and experience of each board and society are placed at the disposal of all the others through annual conferences and printed reports. Today, also, joint surveys of the mission fields and reports of commissions to foreign lands reveal the most needy fields, the comparatively overcrowded areas, the mistakes in policies, and the most fruitful methods in different missions and forms of work.

Through cooperation with the !nternational Missionary Council, the Protestant Churches of America, Europe, Australia and the

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

mission lands are also brought into close contact in the interest of a united and more effective program.

At the thirty-first annual conference, held in Atlantic City, Janu- ary 8 to 11, the outstanding topics for discussion were the best methods for cultivating interest in the home Church, how more wisely and intensively to marshall the forces for work abroad, how cooper- ation may be made effective in such fields as Latin America, in dealing with the present situation in Japan, and in furnishing ade- quate Christian literature for non-Christian peoples.

The subject of cultivating interest in the Church was discussed at two sessions and it was generally agreed that to enlist effectively the sympathy of Christians at home, it is necessary to furnish them with definite information as to the needs, program and progress of the work, and to show, by concrete examples, how Christians can use their talents and money to the best advantage for the Kingdom of God. One of the methods adopted was illustrated in the recent campaign of education conducted in the Methodist Episcopal Church by Mr. Ralph E. Diffendorfer. In this campaign, bishops, superintendents and heads of Christian institutions were gathered together in a series of training classes to study "The WorId Service of the Methodist Episcopal Church," a very complete and interesting survey volume showing the conditions and needs of the work throughout the world. By a series of training- classes, this method of study was carried down to all the local churches so that, as nearly as possible, the facts were placed before each member. One result, thus far, has been the sale of 400,000 sets of the survey volume, with its 704 pag-es and 725 maps and illustrations. The Free Methorlist Church also reported a successful program for the education of laymen that has resulted in a six-fold increase in gifts to foreign missions during the past few years.

An important resolution, adopted at the Atlantic City conference, authorized the Committce of Reference and Counsel to arrang-e for an interdenominational foreign missions conference to be held in North America during the winter of 1924-25. This will be similar in scope to the Ecumenical Conference held in New York in 1900 and the Edinburgh conference of 1910. On account of the present dis- turbed conditions in Europe and the economic distress, it was not deemed advisable for the British and Continental Societies to join in making arrangements for the coming gathering of Protestant missionary forces but it will, nevertheless, be a: world conference in which leading Christians of other lands will take a prominent part. The time, place. program and personnel are left in the hands of the Committee of Reference and Counsel. The officers for the world conference, 1925, are Dr. Frank Mason Norih, Chairman; Sir Robert Falconer of Toronto and Mrs. Anna Atwater, vice chairman; F. P. Turner, Secretary and Alfred E. Marling, Treasurer.

Other topics discussed at Atlantic City were the Japan earthquake and its results, the needs of Latin America (especially the millions of unevangelized Indians), and the proposed conference to be held at Montevideo, Uruguay in 1925. Preparation will be made for this latter conference by reports of commissions prepared on the field relating to unoccupied areas, the Indians, education, medical and social work, evangelism, literature, the Church on the field and cooperation. Another conference, to include workers in Mexico, Central America and the West Indies, will be held in Mexico City.

Another series of important missionary gatherings are to be held this spring in the Near East under the auspices of the International Missionary Council, and under the direction of Dr. John R. Mott. One is to be held in North Africa, one in Egypt and one in Syria or Palestine to take up the problems peculiar to missions among Moslems.

Noteworthy results of interdenominational cooperation during the past year were shown in the report of the Committee of Reference and Counsel and of the International Missionary Gouncil. The Committefl, of which Dr. William I. Chamberlain has been chairman, is divided into many sub-committees that deal with questions relating to missions and governments, Christian literature in the mission fields, joint educational interests, missionary preparation and missionary research. The report for the past year shows the great value of the work done. For example, the secretary has cooperated with British and American Governments to facilitate the securing of passports for 2,500 missionaries going out to work in India, as well as for many seeking to enter other fields. The problems connected with hindrances to missions in Portuguese colonies and attacks on missionaries in Peru have also been dealt with advantageously. The return of German missionaries to their former fields now under British control has been facilitated and much of the work of German societies has been taken over temporarily by American organizations. The investigations of the commissions sent out to study education in Africa were also greatly facilitated by the cooperation of the secretary of the Committee. It is now proposed to send a joint commission to Japan, representing the various societies at work there, to study plans for reconstruction and extension, especially in the devastated area. Among the problems that such a commission might consider would be cooperative enterprises and agencies, readjustments in location, equipment and interrelationships of denominational enterprises, and the nature and number of workers required.

The spirit of fellowship, understanding and unity engendered by these annual conferences is one of their most valuable features. Only those who have been privileged to attend them can fully appreciate the spirit of earnest devotion to their great task that characterizes these missionary executives.

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

THOUGHTS FROM THE STUDENT VOLUNTEER CONVENTION'

The Wise Men, though they were Student Viewpoints far away, followed the gleam and Are the students of today ready to found Christ, while Herod, though devote their lives unselfishly to Christ only six miles from Bethlehem, never and are they manifesting the power found Him. ROBERT P. WILDER, to move their generation as did the founders of the Volunteer Movemeontf Secretary of the Student Volun- teer Movement. · .. .WALTER H. JUDD, *' .. .. Student Vice-Chairman.

We do not go out as missionaries to discuss theology or " isms, " or to When the present younger generaargue and compel assent to our doc- tion produces leadership and life and trines; we go out to bring the reality sacrifice like that of Speer and Mott and power of the living Christ into and Wilder and Eddy, then only are contact with the minds and hearts of we ready to take the leadership from our brothers and sisters who do not their hands. know Him. H. P. VANDUSEN, PAUL W. HARRISON of Arabia. • • •Union Seminary. *' . . . We must stop trying to "play sare"

Our decision as to the field and na- and be reckless of public opinion in ture of our life work is relatively un- · . the cause of Christ on, the campus. important compared with the fun- FAY CAMPBELL, Yale University.

. damental decision to yield our wills .. We black brothers only ask that you to the dominance of God. stop all color discrimination and give us a right to come to the fountain .. ,. JOHN R. MaTT. Our American college students are sources 0:1" knowledge and culture that absorbed in selfish activities and you white people enjoy. We ask that amusements. We must turn to Jesus your men give us a chance to be Chris- Christ for the solution of our world tian men and women. F. E. CORBIE, problems. 'We must earnestly seek New York University.

for the truth and manifest love of From Christians of Other 'Lands others through sacrificial service, as Those who come over to China as did the Apostle Paul, Francis Xavier, messengers of Jesus Christ must be John Wesley and William Carey. able to speak with conviction and au- SHERWOOD EDDY. thority and power as to His truth; I< .. .. they must come to work as yoke-fel- The missionary enterprise of the lows with Chinese Christians; they past has been the means of releasing must have a clearer understanding of great power to regenerate men i it Christianity and a larger experience has made rich contributions to social than we have; they must be ready to and intellectual life; has poured forth learn as well as to teach.

a great stream of kindness and good • • • DR. CHENG CHING-Yr, China. will and has laid political foundations of new nations. Thinking Mexicans are repudiating • R•OBE•RT E. SPEER. the Roman Catholic Church in Mexico because they say it gives a dead Christ The missionary enteTprise has the to her members and followers. They power to start and to stimulate moral, intellectual and spiritual awakenings . . want a living Christ. all over the world. " ANDREa ASUNA, Mexico.

CHARLES R. WATSON, Only Christ and Him crucified can President of the American Uni- satisfy the soul of my people in India.

versit,r at Cah'Q, TAKER DAB, India.

Each race has its c(}lltribution to the reign of force; (4) cooperation make. All are brothers. Like the for the preservation of peace in place Wise Men of the East, we bring to of ('ompetition in preparation for war; our King gold, frankincense and (5) the recognition of the fundamyrrh-gold, representing business mental unity of humanity, irrespecand organizing ability; frankincense, tive of race, religion, nationality or representing the religious spirit of state of development. worship; and myrrh, representing faith and loyalty-that is Africa's N. W. ROWELL, contribution. Formerly Member of British .T. E. K. AGGREY, Sierra Leone. Imperial War Cabinet.

On Race Relationships * «0 «0 We believe that .Tesus' way of life We believe that war is unchristian and that the IJeague of Nations is the offers the only solution of all racial best means of preventing it, but we should resort to war in case an unproblems and that a proper under- 'V avoidable dispute has been referred to standing of the moral rights, aspira- the League or orld Court without tions, ideals and traditions of other successful settlement.

races will lead to their practical solu- STUDENT FORUM REsor,UTION.

tion. RESOLUTION ADOPTED On Christian Thought a.nd Service AT STUDENT FORUM.

By the Kingdom of God, Jesus The way of Jesus in race re'lation- meant the realm in which God conship means (1) human personality regarded as sacred; (2) the recogni- trolt; and in which man can find all of tion that each racial group has a valuable contribution to make to humanity God's resources available to fight and (3) that the solution of the race problem is necessary for the Chris- against and defeat the evil that besets tianization of the world. humanity. EDWARD S. WOODS, WILLIS KING, Gammon Seminary, Atlanta, Ga. Rector of Holy Trinity Church, Cambridge, England.

.., .., * Christ has never disappointed a yielded life. JOHN R. MOTT. .. " " Let us dig our own way down until All races have contributed to the advancement of the world. There can- we find the fundamental cause of all not be discrimination among the races if the world is Christianized. Deeds, our problems and failures, namely our not words, are needed most in solving the problems we are discussing. sin in failure to follow the will of PEDRO M. BLANCO, Philippines. God for us. ROBERT E. SPEER.

** * Prayer is the most important factor in our search for truth, since it brings On International Problems the mind into a receptive attitude, helps remove prejudice and prepares Statesmen may build the scaffold, us to follow the truth at whatever but religion must fill it with living cost. STUDDERT KENNEDY.

spirit. JOHN R. MOTT. Chaplain to the King of ••• Great Britain.

The Christian conception of inter- *** national relationships involves (1) The Cross means the expression, at respect for international agreements; one point in history, and in a con- (2) placing righteousness and justice crete way, of the eternal love of God. before national self-interest; (3) the It is God in action, revealing His love toward me. EDWARD S, WOODS, substitntion of the reign of law for

of the Turks toward

BY A CIfRISTIAN R.ESIDENT OF TlTRKJ';Y BEFORE the war, the usual attitude of the average Turk to- wards Christian missionary work might be described as utter indifference. He regarded the missionary as having to do with the Armenians and Greeks, but not with himself. Mission hos- pitals were a real blessing to the entire country, and the Turk also appreciated the value of mission schools for Turkish children as well as for others. But from the religious angle, he was, in the main, entirely indifferent to the existence of the Christian missionary. Of course, there were exceptions-where the religious side appealed to a Turkish heart; but in general little interest was manifested by Moslems in Turkey in the religious side of missionary work.

Now, however, it is quite different. The Turk has got rid, by methods which he realizes are not entirely creditable to himself, of practically all the non-Moslem population of the country, outside of Constantinople, and yet the missionary persists in staying in his country. The Turk begins to realize that he is there for his sake, that this Christian foreigner has designs on his religious selfsatisfaction.

This new conception has produced, or rather immensely intensiiied, a feeling of hostility which has now become characteristic of the average Turk in thinking of the American missionary. The latter is trying to undermine his faith in Mohammed, and, therefore, must be restrained in every way-if it is not wise to try to exterminate him. Hostility is more marked than before, especially in official circles.

Before we can understand or deal with this new situation, we must know what is the attitude of our average Turk towards religion; for it is widely at variance with our ordinary conception. A brochure published in Constantinople in 1922 and entitled" Faith and Life," by Ismail Hakki Bey, a professor in the University of Constantinople, is very enlightening. In the opening pages, Ismail Hakki Bey reports the result of a questionnaire sent to the ninety students of the fourth year in the Turkish Normal School for Men, (during 1921) a~d asked their attitude toward the Moslem religion. The professor says: , "Three declined to answer; one said he was an agnostic; one said for the present he was in favor of Islam; one said he was for it, providing it did not interfere with nationalism; one said he was little concerned about it; one said he preferred to speak of conscience {vizhdan) rather than of religion (din); one said that if all the world were of one stock and with one national instinct, there would 93

rm: MlSSI0NARY Rllvl1!lW Oli' 'I'llEl WORLD [li'ebruary

be no need of any religion; one said religion was merely a political or a social convenience; one said religion must not interfere with social or national affairs; one said he felt no need of being a partisan of religion; one said nationalism was also a religion, and that he wanted no other. Seventy-five students were in favor of religion, but demanded that this religion should not be an obstacle to prog- ress, and that it be purified of all fanaticism, animosity and exag- geration, and also from myths and legends. Only on,e out of the ninety was in favor of literally obeying the Moslem religion." The astonished professor goes on to say: "This means that eighty-nine out of ninety either acknowledge no relation at all to religion, or only a very weak or conditional one. And these are the teachers of our nation of tomorrow!"

Here we have an interesting and first-hand indication of the oft-observed fact that, to the Turk of today, nationalism is a much more vital matter than the Moslem faith. For him, the function of Islam is not to preserve him from a sinful life, or to assure him of immo~lity, or to give him communion with Allah, but rather to ,unite all who profess this faith in bonds of national unity, for the sake of political power and life. Of course, the corollary of this is that a Turk, professing Ohristianity,would be a traitor to the national cause, and therefore punishable as disloyal.

Another fact that helps us to realize the attitude of the presentday Turk towards Ohristian missions is that his contact with foreigners, in general, has convinced him that foreigners are in his country for the sake of gaining wealth, that they are parasites, leeches, who drain the country of its resources, which, if foreigners were excluded, would flow into Turkish pockets. Thus their influence is hurtful to national prosperity. In view of the multitude of concession·hunters who have in the past not thought of aiding the country to get on its own feet, but who have been there purely for selfish commercial aims, and also in view of the fact that contact with foreigners has, of late, usually resulted in the loss of Turkish territory, it is hardly possible to meet this objection merely by denial. It certainly has not been possible for Turks to compete on even terms with foreigners, in commerce or in the arts and sciences, or in professional careers; the latter have occupied places that demanded technical ability, because there were no Turks capable (If replacing them. All railroad rolling-stock and supplies came from abroad, and most railroads were operated by foreigners. The telephone company was entirely a foreign concern, paying money to foreign stockholders. The few factories and mills in the country were most of them owned and operated by foreigners, who made money while the average Turk grew poorer. 'We may marvel at the stand recently taken by the Turkish Government, that no foreign doctors will henceforth be allowed to take examinations or secure permission to practice in the

ATTITUDE OF THE TURKS TOWARD MISSIONS

country; but we can understand it when they explain that thus their own physicians will be able to secure the clientele which they cannot now attract away from foreign experts!

Now at last, the Turk has his chance. His unilateral abrogation of the famous (your Turk says, infamous) "capitulations" has been accepted by all the Powers, including the United States, and the Turk is free. He never felt so fine in all his life. He has kicked over the traces in several directions already. He has driven the hated Greeks out of Asia :Minor and, through the League of Nations supervision of the" exchange of nationalities," has even secured international sanction for his policy of expelling Greek and Armenian civilians from his domains. He has driven out his Sultan, and proclaimed his country a republic, even while ninety per cent of his voters are illiterate. He has compelled the evacuation of Turkish waters by the Inter-allied fleet, and by the American destroyer squadronand all this without a fleet of his own. He is feeling his oats!

On occasion, the Moslem can talk of Christians and Jews as ehli kitab, or "people of the Book"-that is, peoples with a revelation from God, which puts them on a separate basis from the heathen. He can recognize the Law and the Gospel as of divine origin. Still, to him the only true religion is Islam; and no other has the right to exist on any other basis than that of servitude. So now, in his antagonism to Christianity, he excuses deeds of very questionable righteousness by appealing to the supreme right of his own religion. But in reality, his purpose in all this is chauvinistic nationalism. "Turkey for the Turks" has been the real rallying-cry since the revolution of 1908, and his present antagonism to Christian missionaries is because he is convinced that they are· undermining his political independence. It is hard to convince him of his mistake in this, because he has chosen Islam as the rallying-point for his nationalistic aspirations, and he therefore has no use for Christianity.

Would it, therefore, be best for us to abandon all effort to convert the Turk? Shall we close up our century of missionary activity in Turkey and leave the Turk to himself 1 A large number of Turkish officials would be delighted, and would hail this step as a distinct triumph for themselves. Such men as Dr. Adnan Bey, representative of Angora at Con~tantinople, who claims to have been instrumental in driving out the missionaries from :Marsovan; Noureddin Pasha, the general in charge of the court-martial which tried and condemned the Anatolia College teachers-these men would rejoice. Not so, however, the common people, many of whom recognize in the missionaries their real friends. Many have been treated in mission hospitals, and know what genuine kindness is; they have sent children to American schools and know what genuine character-building has meant to them.

Look at the Turkish Government's plan for education, and then

see what the people thjnk of it. The Angora Educational Commis- sion recently announced in the Constantinople papers its three aims to be: character-training, education, and specialization. Explaining what is meant by character-building, it states that this is a life-and- death matter; that the young people of today must be prepared to meet the new civilization that is about to dawn. "VVe are surrounded by rival nations, as we long have been and will be in the future; and the first thing we need is to teach unity, with a strong nationalistic feeling. Nothing should hinder national brotherhood and love of country. This is the starting-point in our character-training….. Weakness is the mother of all mischief. To be strong teaches man his responsibility for self-reliance and the protection of his rights." Farther on it says: "What we are after is a civilized and liberal education in place of an artificial one; in place of mimicry, the con- trol of one's own personality; and instead of the old and foreign type, the new and strongly Turkish national culture, and modern training….. "They are, therefore, getting translations made of the school,programs of all civilized nations, and will adopt what they think is best suited to them.

Two trenchant criticisms of this program have appeared in recent numbers of the Constantinople daily Tw~in. One takes the Government to task for thinking that the educational problems of today can be solved simply by logical thinking and discussion, whereas specialization is needed. "VVe admit," says this editorial, "the need of specialists in medicine and in engineering; but we think anybody can be an educationalist. ,Ve have nobody who has made education a specialty. But we cannot simply consult ourselves or invent our own methods. When we want a dreadnought built, we apply to a foreign firm. And in education too, if we want a solid foundation, we must apply to foreign specialists." Another writer criticises the plan to open fifteen new normal schools in Anatolia. This, he says, is a mistake. "We cannot find teachers enough for one good school at Constantinople; nor have we been able to train able teachers from this one institution. How then can we try to open fifteen? Where shall we find the teachers~ 'fo start such a school without them would be but a vain show. The thing to do is, not to open new ones, but to close those we have, and to strengthen the one at Constantinople and make that a good one. The most important thing for a school is not a program, but a teacher and a method."

This freedom of criticism as against the Government in the daily press is an interesting characteristic of the day. Every policy is under fire, and the papers are not censored or hindered. The above quotations show that the reading public is not against foreign influence, as is the Government. They want American schools; and in spite of strong efforts to dissuade Turks from sending their children to mission schools, they coma in increasing numbers. They want

American hospitals, for they do not and cannot trust their own. Some of them want to learn about Christ-Isa el Messih, or Jesus the Messiah, as they call Him. Not very many, it is true; but yet it would open the eyes of the incredulous to be told how many hundreds of seekers there are. They see the difference between the faith and the works of Evangelical Christians and those of the average Eastern Christian from whom they have received their impression of what Christianity is. Sales of Bibles and Scripture portions have been remarkably large since the World 'Var. The Turks are inquiring about Jesus and His teaching. Surely this is not the time to forsake those who wish to learn.

If the Turk is as intelligent as he claims to be, and if his eyes are as wide open as he thinks they are, he will soon learn two things. One is, that the Christian missionaries are not among his people as a menace to national unity or growth, and are not attempting his national downfall, but that on the contrary this influence is lllaking for national strength through righteousness and purity and the stress on character, and on obedience to the two fundamentals of the Christian faith-love to God, and love to man. There have been hundreds of missionaries in Turkey during the past century-nay, thousands; -and we challenge the Turks to show a single one who ·has been a menace to the good of the country. Secondly, he will learn that civilized governments win the patriotism and allegiance of their peoples, not by the cultivation of the nationalistic spirit, but by just and righteous dealing with their own citizens or subjects. To persecute, condemn and execute men of acknowledged good character, simply because they profess a change of faith, is not the mark of a civilized government. A Christian Turk may be as fervent a patriot as any other, if he is allowed to be, by his government and by his own people.

When these facts have been learned and admitted, the Turk will no longer regard the Christian missionary with hostility or suspicion, but will welcome him as a friend of all that is good and praiseworthy and beneficial, all that will build up his nation for the future. Let us give him the chance to see this.

~raping i~ !be dearing of tbe blockeb roab~ wbicb aft tfowbeb wttl) aU s:orts: of wotlblp f)tnbranttS:. Jt is: tf)e prepating of tf)t wap of tbe l.orb. _btu .J turn to !be l.orb in praper J open tbe boors: anb winbow~ of mp ~oul towarb tbe beabenlie~. anb .J optn !btm for !be rtception of anp gift~ of gract wbicb ~ob'~ bolp lobe milp wis:b mt to ttttibt. JIIIp rtbtrtnt !bougbt aull praper Ptrftc~ communion bttWten mp ~oul aull tfJob.-j. H. Jowett.

2

in Burma-1923

BY RAYMOND P. GURR.IER, RANGOON, BURMA Professor in Judson College, Ameriean Baptist Mission M AUNG GALAY, freshman in the Burmese "National Col- . lege, " came to Judson in September of last year. " The National College," he said, "is good for education but no good for a job."

The second half of his observation was true enough. Take his own case: He had left the government school system on the boycott in 1920, expecting great things, as what one of those young adven- turers did not ~ The government schools would soon be emptied; the political boycott that was coming on directly would even take care of the Government itself j and on the heels of that, the burning of British goods I Why, what more could 'Cme want? I f not many school boys had quite so extravagant hopes as the cart driver who, when asked what Home Rule would mean to him, said, "An acre of land and a yoke of oxen for every man Jack of us' '-yet they had pretty definite visions. They saw themselves the bright lights of the new Burma-a Burma in which Burmese bankers and Burmese mer- chants, Burmese judges and Burmese ministers of state (perchance even a Burmese king!) wonld tread upon one another's toes to place in comfortable berths the heroes of 1920.

What Maung Galay had actually seen was rather different. He had seen the depleted government and mission schools rise with a steady curve: Judson College, for example, with 138 before the boycott, 80 the following March at the term-end, 138 at the re- opening in June, and 198 at the next reopening in June, 1922; the lower schools much the same. This meant not only that the boy- cotters were coming back but something more vital and hopeful: the country was astir. Burmese minds were awake; and not only Burmese but Karen, Indian, Chinese; Christian and Buddhist alike. So the schools filled up and there was a larger gross education in 1922 than in 1920. He had seen politics, too, take a queer turn. In May, 1922, the Reform Bill for Burma in practicaIly its final form was published and was found to be liberal far beyond the generaI expectation. Burma was to become a" Governor's province," on a par with the oldest and most self-reliant provinces of India proper; the major subjects, that had been transferred to the portfolios of indigenous ministers in India, were to be transferred here (such as public health, publio works, education and excise) and, in addition, forests, which were transferred in only one other provirice, and the University, nowhere. else transferred; the franchise was to be wide out of all comparison with that of India proper: practically all wage-earning or property 98 KAREN MEMBERS OF THE LmGlSLATIVE COUNCIl, IN BURMA All are ChrisUan except the man at the exll'cmo left. Dr. San C. Po, who holds an American medica l degree is seated in the center. He , itl tho leadin g doctor in Bassetn. among all nationalities and a very public spirited man. The second from the left, Btanding, is the only B.A. tn the group.

J?ea~t~~:p~~~tS~~~~~~~ga~~x!~:n;w~:~ec~~eba'itg;n~~~lef~Or~~~t~fn'¥~~;t; ~~d~ ~1~HBa~~ ~:~11 lately headmaster of the Baptist High School. Tbarrawaddy.

holding males in the south, the heads of all households in the north, and in both regions, women if independent in property or income. That amounted to about twenty per cent of the population. N(l wonder the Nationalists split! Three of the chief leaders with a following, it was said, largely of monks, became the bitter-enders. Practically all the English-speaking men came out for "Ultimate Home Rule by Present Cooperation." Hated Diarchy-the joint government of British and indigenous officers-was at last clearly set for a fair trial in 1923.

So the government schools were not empty, great Burmese business houses had not sprung magically out of the ashes of British goods, and no Burmese Cromwell was waiting to award $3,000 jobs to the heroes of 1920. Maung Galay's plight, like that of many a boycotter, was really a very hard one. It was all the harder from the fact that the boycott had swept him out while still in the first year of high school. Consequently he held, not the government high school final certificate which would have admitted him to Judson and the University, but the National certificate, which, in the situation as it had turned out, was as good as one from Peru. He could not be registered with us and he would not go back to a regular high school. He could do nothing but return to the National College from which, in two years, he would get a piece of paper worth, for a job, absolute zero.

However, he still thought that the National College was, to some degree, "good for education," and back he went. In March he came again to me-for coaching in English. There was no essay work in that subject, he said, and no oral, and if a stl;tdent talked in English outside the English classroom-look out for potten tomatoes! Now no Burman can learn English (any more than any Englishman can learn Burmese, as a lot of us know to our sorrow) without using it Sundays and Mondays, awake and asleep, in the flesh and in the spirit, eating, drinking and dreaming. In other ways, too, the college was on rocks. The lecturers' arrears had been paid up in February after long dela$~nly at the threat of their striking. Then the students had censured the President" for coming to college only on Fridays and then only for five minutes" and had given the Governing Board an ultimatum that if a new President waS not elected by February 18th, they would "have a republican college"; i. e., they would elect one of the lecturers or a student as President!

So we talked a long time about the college and about the seams and air-chambers of national education in general. I had heard before that"it was only hanging on by the grim determination to "stick it out till Mark Hmiter had gone." (Mark Hunter, it will be remembered, was the Big Black Bogie of the boycott. He had been the Director of 'Public Instruction when it came on and, from thf! first, the moving .spirit in the creation of the University. He was due to retire at the end of the 1923-1923 school year.) Maung Galay confirmed my'i,illjn:ession, and in nothing more than in his description of the currlculuQl :of the whole system. Instead of liberalizing the traditional curriculum and showing the men of the old system what was what (as'the.Y:hjld opportunities enough to do I), they had aimed to solve only Glne ,problem: how to make the most B.A. 's in the shortest time.· Firl:?t, they had taken, nBt a new eclectic course adapted for Burma, but the ordinary garden variety of the English public schools. Then they omitted from it all the modern and enriching subjectsdrawing, projects, object lessons and the like. Finally they had cut the time in. two by assigning six months to each grade-but without reducing the syllabus! That was how Maung Galay had left the 8th in 1920 and reached first year college in 1922. The whole thing is a very great fiasco, whose financial failure is a blessing to pr.event a much more tragic educational failure a few years hence; but it is also a very great pity: for the Nationalists had it in their hands to have rekindled one of the smoky and smouldering school systems of the world and lit the East with it; and even their enemies would have been glad.

Meanwhile, the main trend of Burmese affairs in these two years since the boycott has taken a direction: very much toward sanity and true progress.

The first democratic elections went off quietly in the fall. There

NATIONALISM .INBURMA":';'1923"

was, of course, some non-cooperation and a vast deaI ,of:igp.6rance, as there was bound to be at the start, and the poll was consequently small. But one interesting and good result of this was the election of two Karen Christian legislators from "general," i. e. predominantly non-Karen and non-Christian, constituencies. 'This was in addition to the five Karens elected "communally" (i. e. by the Karen community of a district voting separately for a candidate of their own), of whom four were also Christians. One of the two men elected thus by the help of non-Karens and non-Christians-U San Baw-is especially interesting. Though from a strongly non.Christian family, he had been associated since boyhood with th~ great SIR HARCOURT BUTLER TAKING THE OATH OF OFFICE IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBER ON JAN. 2,' 1923 . " ,• ' '

Not many Burmans. unfortunately. appear in this view but th,ree, inoluding.a lady . may be dlstinguishe.d in the lower left band corner and oD.e in the doorway at tht{. rear. .In the rear also, seated to the right of the big Punjabi officer is a Shan princess .with tight jacket and huge turban. Tbe Hon. (now Sir) Mark Hunter is at the aisle-end of the second row) left bank of seats, and across the aisle (in a dark suit) Mr. J. P. Moffitt, the AmeI"ican Consul.

Tharrawaddy Baptist High School, of which Miss S. J. Higby, K.I.H., was principal for so many years. Becoming its headntaster,he was instrumental in building up the broad inter-racial poltcy' of that Karen school in a Burmese district, and it was no doubt'this position and this policy that helped largely in his election. To anyone who knows the intense feeling between Karens and Burmi:ms, not assuaged by the refusal of Karens to have'anything whatever to do ,Vith the nationalist movement, these are very hopeful signs' for' th() future.

On December 2d, just two years after the boycott"Sir Reginald Craddock,the "boycott" Lt. Governor, now retiring, laid the cornerstone of the new (and first) buildings of the University of Rangoon, on the fine lakeshore site north of the city. It was a great day f6r the University, after the storm; a gr:eat:day for Burma if she but knew it; and for Judson College (whodid~know it) a very great day indeed.

Probably nowhere else in the world is a Ohristian college in so un- usual a relation to a state college; and to this must be added the fact that these two are the only colleges for a province of 12,000,000 peo- ple. These two at present are the University. Professional schools will soon be added, but by the terms of the Act, no other colleges can ever stand on equal footing with these two "charter members."

At the University dinner that night the striking words were those in the opening sentence of U May Aung, professor of law and prospective appointee to.the bench of the High Court: "With the going of Sir Reginald Craddock," he said, "passes personal rule in Burma. " This is a great fact for Burma. Every field of life, notably including Christian missions, is being plowed up and replanted by this fact. On.Tanuary 2d, the Governor arrived-the first officer of that rank in Burma, the first ruler of Burma whose rule cannot be "personal" but cooperative with his legislative and ministerial councils. He is Sir Harcourt Butler, a former Lt. Governor here and one to whom the Burmese leaders in the last two years have often referred with affection and regret. He had no sooner taken his oath than he began to justify this public confidence. Though he appointed to the Ministry of Forests one of the" old guard" who had stood by the Government all along, the Ministry of Education he offered to U Maung Gyee, the president of the Nationalist Council of Education! Nothing could have been more diplomatic. The result will undoubtedly be the reunion of the national and government schooh!, making those two adjectives, as they must in a democracy, mean one and the same thing.

Indeed, the new Governor, as reported j.u the Rangoon Gazette, expressed this hope quite openly in an address at the University: I want you to look on this University of Rangoon as the National University of Burma, on which your future prosperity will largely depend … Here, as in India, so-called national schools have sprung up. In India they have languished and I am told that they are languishing here. I welcome any expenditure by private individuals on education, and I hope that the so-called national schoOils will be absorbed into the educational system in some form or another; and I would remind you that the educational system is now and will be in the future a national system. Education is a transferred subject and it will be presided over by a Minister chosen from among the elected representatives of the people, and the policy wiN be dictated by him and the Legislative Council. I think that if once you get fixed in your mind that the Government is now mainly your own Government, and that you will have a large voice, and even a predominaJJt voice, in the management of affairs, some sources of friction which may have existed in the past, here as elsewhere, will exist no longer. You can all, I think, be confident that my Hon. Colleague U Maung Gyee will not be indifferent to the claims of education. .. I did not like to miss this occasion to impress upon you the great truth that the Government is now largely your Government, and that the University will be your University, and that you must look to the University, by maintaining sound and high ideals of university teaching, to play its part, its great and beneficent pa.rt, in the unraveling of your future< as a nation.

NATIONALISM IN BURMA-1923

This is as liberal a keynote as one could wish, to open self-gov- ernment in Burma. Another quotation shows the conserving aspect of the same liberal attitude. Sir Harcourt is quoting from the report of the Commission on the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, re- garding government interference: "If there were any danger that grants of public money~ld lead to State interference with opinion in the Universities, it might be the less of two evils that they should decline in efficiency rather then lose their independence in order to obtain adequate means. But the ways of thought and feeling of the modern British community are hostile to any development in the direction of State contml of the academic spirit, and the public grants already enjoyed by the old Scottish and new English Universities have not led to State inter- ference with opinion and tendency in those institutions. I trust that in this province the same thought and feeling may grow up."

This ought to be of special interest to those leaders of Missions, both on the field and at home, who have been trying to place on the same ground and subject to the same arguments state support for private education in America and in India. The two are, in fact, nonequivalent and non-comparable terms.

That the new legislature is thoroughly conscious of the Government's being, as the Governor pointed out, "their own," was shown clearly enough during the first business session in March. The subject was ehe budget-submitted by the Exchange Council which is the non-popular half of Diarchy. The legislature cut the Police by 10% and narrowly missed reducing :F'orests and abolishing Excise. These may not have been wise moves: though the Police need reformation badly enough, it is not clear how reducing their appropriations by 10% will effect the reform; and a Forestry cut would certainly have impaired conservation. But the Excise proposal was practically a demand for prohibition and it is not dead yet. The debate on these issues showed striking contrasts of technique. The indigenous members almost without exception attacked with illustrations, examples (not always too relevant) and emotional appeals. The Englishmen answered with incisive facts of cold steel. Whether the difference is racial or merely a matter of training may be left to the social psychologist and which is "better" of course wholly depends on whether you are a Burman or not! At least, the first session of the Council showed the Burman members to have it already pretty well "fixed in their minds" that "the Government is now mainly their own Government."

All in all, then, the new nationalism in Burma is well under way. In it the discontented spirit of the last two years is finding outlet and thereby draining off that fester of suppressed aspirations which is what radical nationalism really was. '1'he net result for the Kingdom of God is a keener popular mind and a spirit of self-reliance that inside as well as outside the churches looks the missionary straight in the eye.

Christian Contribution to

BY REV. CLARENCE H. HAMILTON I s Christianity making a really deep and lasting impression on the Chinese? This is a question that is being asked after more than a century of Protestant missionary activity in the world's greatest mission field. Some doubting voices have been raised of late in two American periodicals. Chang Hsin-Hai, a Chinese student in one of our American universities,· states his belief that Christianity has attained some prominence in China chiefly because of its association with extraneous elements of "Vestern ci"vilization, such as its military, financial and inventive power, elements which are viewed as desirable, (or necessary) by the Chinese, on their own account. John Dewey, Professor of Philosophy in Columbia University,t after two years of travel and observation among the educated classes of China, reports indifference to Christianity on the part of the leaders of the new culture movement, and an interest only in t~e social aspect of Christianity on the part of those participants who call themselves Christian.

This new culture movement is a notable intellectual activity occurring among the younger cultivated classes of Chinese society since the war, and is characterized in part by a phenomenal interest in modern philosophy and science, both physical and social, to the end of a criticism and a reformation of present-day Chinese ideals. In both of these voices there is a note which seems to imply that Christianity is an innocuous appendage to more fundamental social forces that have their roots elsewhere than in religion.

The impressive array of hospitals, orphanages, schools, colleges and other beneficent institutions and organizations often cited as the convincing fruits of Christian activity is not infrequently interpreted from another angle as being only the natural flow of Western institutions, resulting from contact between East and West. The view is the more persuasive to the younger Chinese consciousness because cases are citable of Chinese students who return from an education in Western lands with an interest in all the instruments of social betterment without having had any essential participation in Western religious organizations and activities. rrhroughout the pages of the many new magazines arising in China within the last two years under the stimulus of the iww culture leaders the words "social service," "social uplift," "humanitarian progress," "regeneration of society," "salvation of the country," etc., abound, but rarely are they coupled with the name of Christianity.

• Replying through the pages ot the Atla,ntlc .'IIQnthly to Paul Hutchinson's article on "The Future ot Religion In China."

t In the July number of Aria. 104 How deep, then, is the impression which Christianity is making on China f The activities of the various missionary societies, as these manifest themselves like tiny star-spots over the breadth of this great country, do not adequately answer this question. Every Inission can tell of lives transformed under the influence of Christ, of minds quickened and broadened through missionary education, of bodies healed, of individuals drRwn from obscurity into effective service. These characteristic products of Christianity cannot be minimized. But when we take into account the vast bulk of the nation in regard to both territory and population all of this mission activity shrinks to a small fragment of the total picture.

A CHRISTIAN CONTRIBU'l'ION TO SCrENCE AND CHARACTER IN CHINA Anatomy Class at North China Medical College for vVomen .

We must also look more widely than to the spirit and efforts of the Chinese Christians. While we may rejoice at the thousands of Chinese Christians manifesting an interest in the China-for-Christ Movement, and recogni7.e the potentiality of its impulse to send Chinese Inissionaries to the far corners of the land, this is rather a promise for the future than an extensive achievement in the present. The Chinese Christians are still vastly outnumbered by non-Christians. Once more, we cannot content ourselves with simply pointing to outstanding products of mission schools, impressive as may be the force of their effect on Chinese society. Christianity may give direction to genius, and that is a great gift, but what that genius might have accomplished without Christianity or under the impulse of some other ideal, say Confucian or Buddhist, is always an incalculable

factor. Non-sympathizers will always dispute, therefore, the extent of the Christian claim to the result.

All of the factors just canvassed have their undeniable signifi- cance in any complete reading of Christian influence on China. But the true measurement of the depth of Christianity's contribution to China is the depth to which Christianity is responsible for those great modern tendencies of the West to which China is especially sensitive at the present time. We must look as far as the extent of the Christian permeation of modern life. .As a matter of fact we find the young men of Ohina today eagerly alert to appropriate and use for their country all the noblest frilits of Occidental culture, such as the democratic ideals, the humanitarian impulses, the purposes of social reform and reconstruction, the concrete schemes for alleviation and uplift. If these values are the product of Christianity either in whole or part, then Christianity's contribution to China, whether called by name or not, is tremendous. The young thinkers of Ohina may not, as yet, have grasped the connection between Christianity and the choicest flowerings of 'Vestern civilization. They may even couple it ,with darker, more sinister phases, as when one is quoted by Professor Dewey to the effect that" Christ is now riding on a cannonball to China." But we of theWest know how insuperable is the difficulty to separate the spirit of Christ from the development of such institutions as the hospital, the social settlement, the humane prison, the meliorative asylum for mental defectives; and'such movements as those to prevent child labor, to maintain the right of the living wage, to enlarge the sphere of woman, to conserve human life in the conditions of our modern industrialism, to secure to all a common school education, and many more such trends that grow out of a real love for fellow-man. ..A.ndwe know likewise how antipodal to everything for which Christ stood are war, exploitation, selfish aggression, the inhumanity of a depersonalized economic system, and other features of an ugly list of which, in its heart of hearts, the West is profoundly ashamed. If it is our holier goods that commend themselves to present-day China, and they do, then a contribution of incalculable importance is being made by Christianity and one which is as deep and lasting as the appeal of complete liberation to the human spirit. Young China especially admires aJJjl cherishes the Ohristian values in our Western civilization. In this fact there is much hope.

Ohristianity can fail in China only if it fails in its struggle with the grim problems arising from the more evil aspects of modern civilization. If the spirit of essential loyalty to a Person who preeminently embodies the supreme attitudes of universal love and service, if this spirit can permeate the vast, untamed social forces incarnate in the restlessness of the nations of the Western world, there can be no question of its later pervasion of China or of any other land which is the dwelling of men.

Mei-A Chinese

BY MRS. JONATHAN GOFORTH, KIKUNGSHAN, HONAN, CHINA M ANY of China's so-called religious sects are closely alli(;d to Buddhism. The Hsing-shang-ti (merit-seekers) are almost entirely recruited from these Sl?cts. Their ethical standards raise them morally "'>mewhat above the ordinary heathen and not infrequently sincere seekers after something higher and better are found among them. .

This was true of Wang Mei. At the time we shall take up his story this young man, with his family and many of their neighbvrs, belonged to one of the most aggressive of the religious bodies known as the Sheng tao or "Holy Road."

Wang Mei went much further than his family and friends in seek- ing to accumulate merit for the future life. Many long pilgrimages were undertaken to the great religious centers of North and Central China. One. of these jourreys took him five hundred English miles south of his home. Another led far to the north and still another . many hundred miles westward. Thus he became known throughout a wide region as a "holy man."

The belief that the greater the suffering endured by a pilgrim the greater the merit placed to his credit, led Wang Mei and other pilgrims to adopt various austerities, such as wearing wadded gar- ments in summer and thin garments in the bitter COld of the winter season when ascending the pilgrim's paths up to the renowned moun- tain-top shrines. All this failed to give Wang Mei the heart satis- faction and peace for which he craved, and he determined to forsake his wife and children and enter a hermit's cell far off among the mountains west of his home.

How long he remained there I do not know but in February, 1894, Wang Mei left this hermit's cell to visit the shrine of the famous goddess Lao-Nai-Nai (Old Grandmother) at Hsunhsien during the winter festival held there in her honor. Knowing, as we do, the wild wickedness surrounding and permeating to the very core the worship of this goddess and knowing also the gentle nature and deep heart yearnings of the young man at this time we do not doubt but that he must have come down from that mountain top with his heart doubly longing for something different.

Surely a Divine Presence guided his footsteps that day and led him to enter the Gospel Preaching Hall. He stepped inside simply curious to see what was going on. 'rhe Rev. Donald MacGillivray was preaching from the text-" By grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves it is the gift of God. Not of works lest any man should boast." (Eph. 2: 8,9.) 107

Could any message have been more timely' But as Wang Mei listened he became more and more annoyed. He put question after question to the speaker, and finally said angrily, "Do you mean to say that all my years of merit-making go for nothingY" "Absolutely nothing," replied the missionary. This was too much for this "holy" man and he went out from the meeting in hot indignation.

God's guiding Hand had not, however, been withdrawn. Wang Mei had a friend, an idol-maker, Ho-I by name. This friend had become interested in the Christian message and later tried to persuade Wang Mei to go with him to the missionaries at Chu Waug, some sixty li distant. Wang Mei had fully· determined to drop all thought of a new Way of grace, but at last yielded to his friend and together they started for the mission. They arrived at sundown while the missionaries were taking their exercise by a brisk game of tennis. This filled Wang Mei with disgust for he could see no sense in what seemed simple foolishness. (Later he changed his mind and became an enthusiastic tennis player.) Next morning he left without even meeting the missionaries, Wang Mei resolving that this would end the m?-tter. Ho-I had become a sincere, thongh secret, believer, and had a number of Christian books. Some of these he put into Wang Mei's hands after exacting a promise that he would look into them. He did so and God used these books to convince VlTang Mei of the truth of salvation by grace alone.

Wang Mei was prepared by his early life of seeking so that when he saw this truth, the apprehension of Christ as his living, loving Saviour brought great joy and peace into his soul.

He had found peace such as he had never dreamed could ever be his and wJth this new joy in his soul came a great longing to tell others the Good News. ;Vang Mei and his friend, Ho-I, began zealously to propagate the Christian faith and it was certainly remarkable how many converts came at this period of our mission's history from the religious sect to which Wang lfei had belonged.

One of Wang Mei's first acts on receiving Christ was to write a letter to a friend in the" Holy Road," living some fifty li west among the hills. He told how he had found that for which they were seeking and urged his friend and his family to go to the mission at Chaugte. Some months later a missionary touring in this hill region came across this family and found them ready and waiting for the gospel message.

It may be stated just here that there is now in this region a large Christian community with self-supporting church and schools.

A year after Wang Mei's conversion so many in his own region had become Christians that the missionaries from the newly-opened mission station of Changte were invited to visit the homes of Wang Mei and Ho-I and there they found most of the adult members of both families ready to be enrolled as catechumens. The prospect for

WANG MEI-A CHINESE NATHANAEL

the founding of a Ohristian Church were very bright. But scarcely had the missionaries reached home when the Roman Oatholics, hearing of the movement, sent in their agents and with tempting promises of free schools and soup kitchens, and with other temporal advantages, bought up the young converts.

But Wang .l1.ei, young in the faith though he was, had his belief too well founded in Salvation by Grace to be easily turned aside. After a few days, he was convinced of his error and returned to us as did his wife, father, and step-mother, as well as Ho-I and his family. The Romanists, however, retained many, causing a permanent breach in the company of Christian seekers.

Wang Mei accompanied the missionary on his evangelistic tours and even in those early days did much good by his testimonies to what the Grace of God in Ohrist had done for him. During this period he made remarkable progress in the knowledge of God's Word.

When our first boys' scbool was opened, ·Wang Mei was appointed teacher. The boys were taught tennis and Wang Mei became an enthusiastic player. Before he had been two years in the school his marked evangelistic gifts and his knowledge of the Bible led the missionaries to appoint him to the work of evangelism. He had left, however, an abiding influeuce upon the boys and one of them was appointed to take his place in the school.

During the fourteen years of Wang Mei's service in the Mission the missionaries with whom he worked could find no fault in him! Patient, kind, sympathetic, gentle, yet zealous for the truth, he became honored and loved by all. His two outstanding characteristics were gentleness and sincerity so that we used to speak of him as "Our Nathanael." W ere an out-station becoming cold and backslidden, Wang Mei was the one chosen to revive them. Was there a difficult piece of work or an important mission for which a responsible man was needed, it was to Wang Mei that the missionaries turned.

During the Boxer year he faced danger and persecution unflinchingly and by his example and exhortation greatly strengthened the weaker Ohristians in that time of overwhelming horror.

Close beside the mission compound a number of cottages had been erected for the accommodation of the Mission evangelists, teachers and their families. Wang Mei's wife and two boys latterly made their home in one of these cottages. One day the sad news was passed around that Wang Mei had been carried in on a stretcher from one of the out-stations and was lying in his home at the point of death from pneumonia. He was carried to the mission hospital where everything possible was done to save his life. The higher call had come for him and, though much earnest prayer was offered for his life which we thought so needed in the great harvest field around, God saw best to take him into the Presence of his Master by whose grace alone he was saved.

A Remarkable Chinese Colony in

BY REV. JAY S. STOWELL, NEW YORK CITY Committee on Conservation and Advance, Methodist Episcopal Church I N SPITE of recent attempts at "bootlegging immigrants" the Ohinese Exclusion Act seems to operate fairly effectively in keep- ing Ohinese out of the United States. It cannot, however, keep them from looking across the border and wishing many times that they were on the opposite side. This is not because Ohina is so close to the United States, but rather because so many Ohinese have settled in Mexico close to the American line.

One of the most remarkable Ohinese colonies on the Mexican border is in Mexicali, a town in the Imperial Valley, located directly across the line from Oalexico, in southern Oalifornia. A few years ago the present very productive Imperial Valley was a barren desert where the hot sun and the strong winds rendered life almost impossible. Th~n the Colorado River was tapped and the life-giving waters of that great stream were turned into the Valley.

For a time, there was a rapid development, and then, suddenly, in time of high water, the banks gave way altogether and the river ran wild. The vast stream of water, which poured month after month into the Valley, threatened to inundate the entire territory and to make valueless all of the vast expenditures made in the development of irrigation projects. It did flood much territory and create the Salton Sea which bids fair to be a permanent acquisition. President Roosevelt appealed to Oongress to do something about this very distressing situation, but Oongress, as on some other occasions, did nothing.

At last Mr. E. H.- Harriman took the matter into his own hands. Vast quantities of material were commandeered and the fight to check the terrible river was on. It ira'il not a difficult task to narrow the breach, but, as it became narrower, the waters ran still more swiftly and the closing of the final gap was the real test. But Mr. Harriman showed his courage and resourcefulness by loading huge steel railroad cars with heavy rocks and dumping cars, rocks, and all into the gap. The effort was rewarded by success, and once more the Colorado River was brought under control.

Since that time, the development of the Valley has been phenomenal. Ootton, cantaloupes, lettuce, and many other crops now grow in great abundance in the Valley which has been peopled with thousands of Chinese, Mexicans, Hindus, Americans and other folk. All are directly or indirectly dependent upon agriculture as a means of livelihood. On the very border in the heart of this Valley, two remarkable towns have developed in which liv~ thousands of people.

110 These are the twin towns, Mexicali and Calexico. Curiously enough, all of the water which flows into the United States section of the Valley, first goes down into old Mexico and then returns into the United States, on its way providing irrigation for thousands of acres of cotton and other products in old Mexico.

With the development of cotton growing, the Chinese are closely associated. They were able to make very satisfactory terms with the Governor of Lower California and to secure franchises and privileges which were of advantage to both parties. Many Chinese landed first at an American port and then were taken into old Mexico in locked A MEXICAN PASTOR AND HIS FAMILY AbI'D A SOCIAL WORKER IN CALEXICO AND MEXrOALI The Mexicau work in Mexicali is v~ry cl os ely assoc iated with the Chinese work. Although cared for by & separate staff the two missions h a ve. in the past, used adjoining buIldings, both or which a re now in ruins.

steel cars with heavy steel bars at the windows. Once inside Mexico, they may look through a wire fence and watch the Americans on the American side, but are not permitted to step across the line. Thousands of these Chinese, in and about Mexicali, are fine, bright, and attractive young men. Only recently, however, have we discovered their worth and have begun to minister to them in any adequate way. Instead, the United States authoriti es have allowed some of our most disreputable characters to cross into Mexicali and to open dens of vice so extensive and so vile as to be beyond description. Four or five years ago, it would have been difficult to have found a more vicious conclition anywhere. At that time the Christian Church was doing practically nothing to help improve this condition. Since then many

A HEAVY LOAD OF PRODUCE GOING TO MARKET IN MEXICALI changes have taken place. About three years ago a fire swept Mexicali and wiped out the worst section of the city and things have never been quite so bad since then.

For a time, the Congregational Church undertook work among' the Chinese men. It then reverted to the Presbyterians and by them was passed on to the Methodists who were already doing an important pie~e of missionary work among the Mexicans in these two communities. Recently this work has had a remarkable development and many conversions have taken place, more than 100 Chinese young men having been baptized. The work includes the teaching of English, various social activities so much needed among young men in a strange country, educational classe,s, and regular religious activities. The work is very greatly appreciated by the Chinese. Incidentally, one of the regular attendants is the secretary to the Governor of Lower California, who is anxious to learn English.

A few months ago, a second disastrous fire, involving losses totalling several millions of dollars, strnek Mexicali and ·the finely equipped Chinese church was entirely destroyed. A business man immediately offered temporary quarters for the work, and the mission is occupying these until money is secured for the erection of a new building.

There is every indication that the Christian Church is gaining in prestige and that it has a restraining influence upon the whole life of the community. A sharp contrast exists between the Mexicali of today and that of five years ago, due to the direct and indirect influence of the Church of .Jesus Christ and the religion which He came to proclaim..

A REMARKABLE CIDNESE COLONY tN MliJxtCO

The Chinese people in Mexicali are independent so that there is no call for relief work among them but it is quite different with the Mexicans, for whom the mission is called upon to provide garments to clothe the naked and medicine to heal the sick.

The Church is undertaking seriously the task of ministering to a very needy community and is accomplishing worthy results. American Christians should be thankful to grapple with evils which have so often been a disgrace both to us and to Mexico.

A curious incident happened recently when a fine new church was dedicated for the Mexican people at Calexico. The Chinese young men in Mexicali were eager to come across the line and attend the ceremony of dedication. Since this was impossible and the young men wished to have a part in the dedication, they purchased a fine individual communion set and presented it to the Mexican church. Here was an unusual demonstration of the way the spirit of Jesus . Christ reaches over both racial and national lines.

Nor is the influence of this work limited to this side of the world. Letters are constantly crossing the Pacific to Ch~na telling friends there of the .way America is reaching out hands of friendship to them and of the new and satisfying religion which they have found. Many who return to China carry with them the indelible impression of Christ upon their lives. They are foreign missionaries without salary.

Just after the recent fire in Mexicali a young man, who, with his father, had lost everything, including a large sum of cash destroyed by the flames, said: " Well, we have lost all the earthly possessions for which we had labored so hard, but we still have Jesus Christ, and we are thankful and happy."

1111111 THE PROTESTANT CHURCH ~'OR MEXICANS IN CALEXICO

A Communal Riot in

BY REV. H. C. VEL'L'E, D.D., SAHARANPUR, INDIA Missionaxy of the Presbyterian Board" of Foreign Missions SAHARANPUR, though a city of 66,000 inhabitants, is not a place of any great importance; it is just an up-country town. Recently, however, this comparatively unknown city has gained an unenviable distinction through a communal riot, the news of which, flashed along wires, appeared in the newspapers in distant lands. Some friends in America must have been surprised to see in the telegrams, last August, that a riot had occurred here. The information thus given is always meager, and often makes an impression, raising more questions than it answers. For this reason, and also because things that have happened in Saharanpur throw a great deal of light upon present conditions in India, and the great problems with which its people are confronted, it seems best to give a brief account of what really happened.

First, friends need have no anxiety about their missionaries and their work; these have suffered no harm. The riot was not anti- British or anti-foreign, like those in the Panjab some five years ago. Nor was it directed against the existing Government or its officers, like that horrible affair at Ohama Chauri in February, 1922, when a mob of non-cooperators attacked a police post and killed twentysix Indian police constables.

The Saharanpur riot arose entirely out of dissensions that have sprung up between the two religious communities which compose the population. These dissensions constitute the biggest problem that confronts the people of India at the present time. It is not a new, but a very old problem. Only in the political excitement of the last four or five years, the passion for home rule and the anti-British feeling awakened thereby, many lost sight of, or greatly underestimated, the powerful divisive forces which still exist in India, and which constitute a very real and formidable obstacle to the establishment of a government by the people themselves. As Rabindranath Tagore said a few days ago in a public lecture on the problems of India, "The trouble in India is not the presence of a foreign ruler, as many would have us believe, but differences among Indians themselves. India cannot prosper as long as it is a house divided against itself, with its religious communities ranged against each other in opposing camps, each suspicious and distrustful of the other. In times of crisis, there may be a patched-up unity among the communities with their conflicting interests, but, the crisis over, they fall out again, and the blame is ascribed to the foreign ruIer-a charge which is altogether untrue."

114 In Saharanpur, the relations between the two communities had, for some time, been strained. These difficulties have their origin, in a large measure, in a remarkable movement taking place among Hindus all over India. Some have referred to it as the renaissance of Hinduism-if such a thing is possible. Hinduism has never been a missionary religion, but recently in Saharanpur, as elsewhere, Hindus have become aggressive. 'l'hey have been trying to win converts, especially from the depressed classes, such as the Chamars, or leather workers, and to bring' them into the Hindu fold. This the Mohammedans have bitterly resented, and they determined that this new aggressive movement must be checked.

As the days passed, the feeling became more and more acute, and it was evident that unless a reconciliation was effected, an open collision would be inevitable. It was feared that there would be an outbreak during the Bakr-i-Id, (the festival of sacrifice) the most important Mohammedan festival of the year. Nothing happened, at that time, however, the Mohammedans being busy with their jubilations over the Turkish victory at Lausanne. A month later came the Moharrum, another Mohammedan festival, commemorating the sufferings and the tragic death of Hasan, Mohammed's grandson. This festival extends over ten days. The first nine days again went by quietly and peacefully and everybody concluded that the danger was passed. The Magistrate of the District, himself a Mohammedan, believed that he could trust his coreligionists but the events of the next day showed that he was mistaken. Having taken no precautions, he found himself utterly unprepared to deal with the situation. The Hindus, too, anticipated no trouble, and so, when the riot actually took place, their shops and houses were wide open and unprotected. Only the Mohammedans appeared to be prepared and this, along with other circumstances, seems to show that the attack was planned and premeditated.

On the 10th day of the Moharrum, late in the afternoon of the 24th of August, the outbreak occurred, while the taziyahs (models of Hasan's tomb at Kerbelah) were being carried in procession through the streets of the city, accompanied by huge standards, called akharas. The route of one of these processions, carrying an akhara 75 feet in height, lay through a narrow lane, inhabited almost entirely by Hindus and past a small Hindu temple, on the premises of which there stood a pipal tree, whose branches overhung the road. There was enough room on the left for the flag to pass, but the Mohammedans were bent on making trouble, and deliberately steered the cart towards the right until it touched the houses and the flag became entangled in the branches of the tree. They demanded that the branches of the tree should be lopped off to make room for their flag to pass-an act that they knew would wound the feeling of the Hindus, to whom the tree was sacred. The Mohammedan magis-

trate reasoned with the leaders of the procession, but to no avail. Ladders were attached to each side of the flag, and by these the Mohammedans climbed up to the roofs of the houses where the temple stood, most of the Hindus retreating within the precincts of the temple. Fearing that there would be trouble, the Magistrate ascended the second story of a house on the opposite side in order to give orders from the balcony, when suddenly the house was bombarded with brickbats-a procedure which usually marks the beginning of a riot in India. Each side lays on the other the blame for beginning the brick throwing, but it is certain that the Mohammedans were the aggressors that day. The Hindus were taken unawares, and were either too weak or too much afraid, to offer any resistance. The magistrate was helpless, for he had only a handful of mounted police on duty. These fired a few volleys into the crowd, and then retired, leaving the town in possession of the mob.

The news spread like wild fire through the city, and the shout went forth, "The fight has begun. Go for the Hindus! Loot them! Kill them!" The mob-almost entirely Mohammedan-soon swelled into many' thousands. For a while, British rule seemed to have come to an end, and the looters had it all their own way. First the jeweller's bazaar was attacked, then the cloth bazaar. Looting began simultaneously in many places and continued until there was nothing left to loot. Not only shops, but private houses were entered, safes broken open, and everything of value taken. What could not be carried off, was burned in the street. The value of the property stolen or destroyed is estimated at Rupees 1,000,000 (about $300,000). Those who resisted were mercilessly beaten; some were killed. Even old men, women and children were not spared. But Hindus only were the sufferers. Scarcely an article belonging to a Mohammedan was touched.

The next morning, the city presented a scene of ruin and desolation such as had never been witnessed within the lifetime of its oldest inhabitants. Had the British rule come to an end ~ The imagination involuntarily went back to the days preceding British rule, when Arab, Mogul and Afghan poured through the Northern passes, and invaded Hindustan to devastate, to plunder and to kill. Some of the more thoughtful of the Hindus began to ask themselves the question, "Is this what India will be like, when the English have left, and we have the home rule for which we have been clamoring1 Whatever others may want," they said, "no more swaraj for us-at least for the present." The lessons of the riot are obvious. One is that religious ani- mosity is still a factor to be reckoned with in India. The myth of Hindu-Moslem unity, which was to secure immediate swaraj, has been effectually exploded. A unity based on antipathy to Britishers

A COMMUNAL RIOT IN INDIA

and foreigners, and not on mutual esteem, must necessarily be superficial and unenduring.

Sooond, as long as outbreaks like these occur, it is futile and dangerous to press for the speedy Indianization of the civil services. However much the expression may be resented, the "British steel frame" is still needed. Even a non-cooperator, returning from a visit to Saharanpur after the riot, remarked that what the city needed was a just and strong European officer. He aelded significantly, "Had the English Superintendent of Police not been away on duty on the day of the riot, the events might have been very different."

Finally, all who desire India's welfare, especially Indians, will do well to ponder over the principle laid down in the Montague Ohelmsford Report that "division by creeds and classes means the creation of political camps organized against each other, causing men to think as partisans and not as citizens, and it is difficult to see how the change from this system to national representation is ever to occur."

vVHAT INDIA NEEDS But whatever our misgivings or fears, India is now on the way to home rule. The English Government will never go back on the pledge it has given to the Indian people. If recent events mean anything at all, they clearly show how ill-prepared the people are for this tremendous task, and so the question arises, "How are they to be prepared f' l There is no answer but one. Only Christ can solve the problem of nationhood in India. I am not simply expressing the opinion of the missionaries. Mr. K. Natarajan, a Hindu, editor of the Social Reformer, recently said: "There are many eminent non-Christians in India who turn for guidance in the perplexing problems of national life to the teachings of Ohrist. India earnestly hopes that the great body of Christian missionaries in this land will stand by her in her endeavor to apply the teachings of Christ to her national life."

Shortly after the riot, a young man, with whom I have had many an interesting conversation, came to me and said: "The days of Hinduism are coming to an end. It is a dying religion. Unless you bring the Ohristian message to the people, there will be uothing else left to us Hindus but to become Mohammedans and that would be a terrible calamity. Therefore send preachers among our people to tell us what Ohristianity is.' l "But has not Hinduism taken on a new lease of life f II I asked. "Does it not look as if there would be a renaissance of Hinduism ¥"

" No," he replied, "these are but vain attempts to revive a corpse. Hinduism cannot be revived. There is no life, no real life in it.' t

The Bengalee, a well-known pap~r of Calcutta, edited by a Hindu, commenting on the Hindu Maha Sabha movement, has the following: "Everyone will recognize that under the impact of Western culture, caste is crumbling to pieces all over India and the time forces are against its restoration. To think of reviving Hinduism without restoring the caste system is moonshine. Again, to think of restoring caste and forming an eclectic or synthetic Hinduism would be an equally chimerical idea."

That may overstate the case, for we must. not underestimat.e the vitality of Hinduism, or think it is dead. It has had in the past a wonderful power of adapting itself to new conditions. But this much is true, it is fast losing ground and Hindus know it. Therefore this is a time of great opportunity. The doors of the people in Saharanpur have never been so open. In this time of trouble, Hindus and Mohammedans both have looked to the missionary as their friend. Would that we had a dozen missionaries in Saharanpur now to enter the open door and use to the full this new opportunity! Alas, that at such a time as this the Church at home should say to us: ' , You must prepare for retrenchment." ·We need to go forward, but are told to stand still, and even to draw back. I cannot believe that the Presbyterian Church in America will allow the great cause of Christ in India to be imperilled. The Church is able to meet her obligations, and what she is able to do, she will do.

A Miracle of Missions in Sumatra The Remarkable Story of the Leper Colony at H oeta Salem, Sumatra BY REV. SAMUEL IvI. ZWEIvIER, D.D., CAIRO, EGYPT I F ANY ONE doubts the power of the Gospel to transform indi- viduals and to uplift whole communities, let him visit Sumatra. The work of the Rhenish Mission among the Battaks around the great fresh water Lake Toba is well-known as one of the brightest chapters in the history of evangelization. In the short period of fifty years more than two hundred thousand people have been won for Christ; five hundred and sixteen church steeples point skyward where formerly the smol{e of cannibal camp fires arose to heaven in the pathless forest. In 1834 two American missionaries, Munson and Lyman, were killed there by cannibals and a monument marks the spot of their martyrdom. Now we see a theologicaI seminary, large industrial schoo-Is, hospitals and as the crown of their work the Leper Asylum at Hoeta Salem near Balige.

It was my privilege recently to visit this· mission and I shall never forget September 4, 1922, when I visited the leper asylum. It is located in a beautiful valley, surrounded by mountain ranges

A MIRACLE OF MISSIONS IN SUMATRA

A COMMUNITY HOUSE IN 'l'HE MEN'S SECTION OF THE LEPER COLONY and overlooking the Toba See, a short distance from a remarkable sulphur spring bubbling up into a small pool.

The work began in September. 1900, when Mr. Jansen of Amsterdam contributed the sum of five thousand guilders. Since then faith and prayer, together with a liberal subsidy on the part of the Dutch Colonial Government, have developed the work until the total number of inmates is now five hundred, three hundred and twenty being men and boys. A branch asylum was opened ·by the Rhenish Mission at Situmba, where- there are now about one hundred and twenty inmates.

Those who come to the asylum are for the most part heathen but a few are Moslems. Naturally the question of law and order is one of difficulty. The colony from the outset has been self-governing and no pressure, other than moral and spiritual, is put upon the patients to embrace qhristianity; yet out of the total of five hundred at present under treatment all except sixty are professing Christians. None receive baptism until after a long period of preparatory instruction. That their religion is genuine leaves no doubt in the mind of the observer. In spite of their leprosy and their isolation from their people, they seem to be happy not only but joyful in the possession of a common home, a common task, and the great hope in Jesus Christ their Lord. The beautiful church building was built by the lepers themselves.

On Sunday and on week days, religious services are held but attendance is not compulsory. 'rhe spirit of the Christians among the lepers is such, however, that gradually all those who enter the asylum frequent the House of God and enjoy the means of grace. One of the reasons for the success of the work is the missionary spirit which exists among the lepers themselves. They are not looked upon as castaways,. despised .and useless members of society, but as

coworkers for the Kingdom of God. Therefore, although they are themselves supported, they still desire to contribute something toward the work of missions in Sumatra – what a contrast to the selfishness in the homeland where so many consider missions a charity and not a debt, a secondary and optional matter for spasmodic and insignificant giving! Many lepers set aside religiously a portion of their daily rice allotment or do work in extra hours in the garden or at weaving and carpentry so as to have money for the missionary offering. Others raise poultry and do extra sewing or mending. Once a year in accordance with GeTIlJan custom there is a mission feast, a public gathering with musical and literary program, closing ·with a consecration service and an offering. Last year these lepers THE CHAPEL AT HOETA SALEM, BUILT BY THE LEPERS contributed over four hundred guilders to evangelize the pagan and Moslem tribes.

The colony is governed by leaders selected by the lepers themselves under direction of the ·Mission. They 'have two chiefs, Sem and J ohannus, who can he recognized by the yellow stripes they wear on their arms and in their turbans. Under them are three subordinates. Next a committee of four who assist these five leaders to settle all disputes-a sort of Council of nine. In the case of quarrels, petty theft, etc., a regular trial is held and finally decision is made by the Council. The highest fine imposed is fifty cents and the most severe punishment fourteen days forced labor! Cases that require more vigorous measures are referred to the missionary director. Special ones are appointed t.o direct sanitation, agriculture, floral culture, laundry, the care of poultry, pigs, etc. One or two are public writers. These also instruct the children. Officials receive salary, by vote of the Colony-every week an extra kilogram of rice and one gnilder a month for chiefs. Subordinates receive only fifty cents a month. They are also allowed to receive New Year presents from

their fellow lepers. Subordinate officials receive only twenty-five cents a month salary.

When John the Baptist sent two of his disciples to ask whether Jesus of Nazareth was indeed the Messiah, our Lord's answer was an appeal to Ris works-the blind see, the lame ,,,alk, the lepers are cleansed, the deaf hear, the dead are raised up, and the poor have the gospel preached unto them. All miracles find their climax in the miracle of evangelism. To look into the.faces of this great company of unfortunates, disfigured in body, hopeless as regards cure, outcasts from society, disciples of men and acquainted with grief-yet to see in their smile of contentment or the gleaming eyes of childhood the proof of a new-found joy and an abiding hope, this is the miracle of Roeta Salem. Not without reason has it been called the "abode of peace." Renan once defined a miracle as "a thing that never happened." One could wish that he and his disciples might visit the Rhenish Mission in Sumatra and see this living miracle-the transplanting of the fruit of the Spirit into the garden of the soul, making life worth living to those who without Christ lived literally without hope, but now although only a colony of lepers in honor prefer one another, maintain their spiritual glow, contribute to needy saints and make a practice of hospitality.

As we went down the beautiful drivewav that leads from the leper church to the entrance I heard the birds singing and they seemed to say, "Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these my brethren, ye have done it unto me."

HOUSES BUILT FOR FAMILIES OR SMALL GROUPS OF LEPERS IN THE COLONY

OF THE SHILOH CHURCH IN

The Earthquake and the Church In Japan BY REV. H. V. S. PEEKE, D.D., TOKYO, JAPAN Missionaxy of the Presbyteria.n Church in the U. S. A.

I T is not reasonable to pray the Lord for earthquakes and fires as a means of grace, but it is the plain teaching of history that such calamities do often prove to be a blessing in disguise, and the disguise is seldom very hard to penetrate.

The American newspapers have certainly dwelt at length on the extent of the economic disaster that has visited Japan, and while we in the Orient see them seldom and only long after the events chronicled have occurred, we are equally sure that they have not failed to point out that in iudustries and trade, to say nothing of replanning a city better adapted to social comfort and happiness, Japan has been given a splendid, though dearly bought, opportunity to correct the mistakes of the past and begin many things anew- literally from the ground up. .

The same is true of the Christian enterprises of the cities of Yokohama and Tokyo. Locations of churches, style of buildings, and many other things need sorely to be revised after twenty-five or thirty years in any country, and much more so in a country that is in some respects passing through stages of growth almost as rapidly as a western "boom town" in America.

When the missionaries first came to Yokohama they could reside only in the foreign settlement-eventually given up wholly to trade- l~

THE EARTHQUAKE AND THE CHURCH IN JAPAN

or on the bluff. Their churches and schools were located there of necessity. Projects undertaken by late comers, or by the older so- cieties after the restrictions on residence had been removed, could be located according to the demands of the times, but the earlier comers found themselves located poorly, and unable to change, should they desire to do so. Ferris Seminary, a school for girls of the Reformed Ohurch in America, Doremus Seminary of the "Voman's Union Missionary Society and their Bible School, together with the school for Bible women of the Methodist Ohurch, all either totally burned or sadly wrecked, may face, or must face, the question of re- location as well as reconstruction.

The same is true of the old Kaigan Ohurch, the oldest and nearly the largest in the empire, S h i I 0 h Ohurch, a monument to the gener- osity of Dr. Hepburn, famous as a translator. N[anv other churches are in a similar ·plight. Some of the Yokohama churches were not only shaken and burned to the ground, but their organization waS in some cases almost wrecked. Of Kaigan's three hundred hom es, it is reported that only ten were un- touched, while twenty-two of its members are dead. Shiloh lost THE THEOLOGICAL SEMI;-;ARY OF THE forty-three by death. The sad AOYAMA GAKUlN (METH:JD1S'l') AE''l'ER thing is that very many of the THE EARTHQUAKE deaths were of prosperous business men who were working in the brick offices or industrial buildings of the Settlement.

The oldest churches in Tokyo were located in the business part of the city, some of them wel'e quite near Tsukiji, the part of the city in which for many years foreigners were obliged to dwell.

These all burned, and one prominent church, at least, in the higher part of the city whither population has of late been tending. The property loss has been high among these churches, but the loss of life was comparatively small. There will be a gain in combination and even in elimination at the time of rebuilding, althongh, as in the United States, there is a great danger that many parts of the city that are very needy, will be left churchless.

It would be impossible, even if desirable, to attempt a catalogue of losses. The Ohurch of Christ in Japan, founded by Presbyterian

THE AOYAMA GAKUIN ACADEMY. TOKYO, AFTER THE EARTHQUAKE and Reformed interests, lost fifteen church buildings in the Tokyo- Yokohama neighborhood. The Methodists, Baptists and Episcopalians could tell a similar tale, and this says nothing of the damages to schools, the loss of St. Luke's Hospital, the total destruction of all the Christian publishing and book-selling interests of this part of Japan, which is the same as saying ninety-five one hundredths of the whole.

The loss of church officers was considerable, especially in Yokohama, but that of ministers was negligible. The families suffered some. One minister came back to his home to :find his wife and several children burned to death, and his church also a heap of ruins.

The Christian community has taken the blow standing up. If there has been discouragement or despair it has not made itself audible. One church lost its building, a good one, just completed, and with three thousand yen of debt. They hope to be able to collect ten per cent of their insurance, pay the debt with that, and build a temporary church in the winter or spring. The young men of the church out of work have begun clearing the lot of debris. A congregation in Kamamura whose building was lost, immediately purchased a tent and are planning for a barrack building later on. The Fujimi Church, that of Dr.·Demura, the best known and perhaps the strongest in the city, has already dedicated a new barrack building.

Some of the churches are so weakened that they simply must have outside aid to get a vantage point from which to strike out, and funds sent from America will be greatly appreciated and wisely used. The spirit of independence is very strong. A large denominational committee met to consider plans for the future. The whole

i9ll4

committee had been divided into four sub-committees, one to look after needy Christians, another for the needs of pastors who had suffered, another for aggressive evangelism at just this time, and another to plan to help in reconstruction. The question arose as to the attitude to be taken toward help from abroad, and the discussion was warm. There was a dread lest the spirit of independence and the purpose of self-support should be blunted.

It is interesting to note the words of the pastors as they face this new future. One says, "Let us be sure that we have really been purified by fire-that the dross has been burned out." Another says that "in the new church we do not want nominal Christians, but only those whose hearts have really been renewed." In looking over the situation it is perfectly possible to find losses that can well be described as irretrievable, but to the discerning it is possible to find a gain in outlook and in possibilities for readjustment and recommencement that is worth all it has cost.

The coming winter will call for great self-denial. Churches that have only with difficulty become self-supporting must care for their pastors, maintain some sort of place for worship, and at the same time gather funds for rebuilding, and this when each family is facing serious economic difficulties of its own. The churches that have been most prosperous from having a memhership of officers and clerks in business enterprises will suffer most of all. These are very hard times, such as will touch the sympathy of American Christians very deeply, but they will make a chapter in the history of the Japanese Church that will make grand reading a generation or two hence.

THE RUINS OF THE TRINITY EPISCOPAL CHUIWH. TSUKIJI. TOKYO

The_Power~Tha(Is Changing

BY REV. M. L. SWINEHART, KWANJU, KOREA Missionary of the Presbyterian Church South I N KOREA it is considered an honor to be asked to lead a mid- week prayer-meeting! There is no need for the pastor to an- nounce, as a minister of a church in America is said to have done, that on Wednesday night he and the sexton would hold the weekly prayer service I As far as the East is from the West so far is a typical Korean prayer-meeting removed from the cold and formal thing which usually goes by that name in western lands, and so much nearer is it to the warm, powerful, pulsating heart of primitive, apostolic Christianity.

The Korean Christians accept the commands of God's 'Word as they do the promises-literally. They are prompt and simple in their response. All this explains much of the success of their work of se1£- propagation. They know the power of united prayer with a note of intercession in it, and they enter into the spirit of united worship just as they do into the life of daily community service.

At a recent mid-week service in Korea, the leader announced the illness of a missionary and said: "Let us now join in prayer for our brother." The three hundred or more present at the service, as one person, prostrated themselves, their faces to the floor, in the Oriental attitude of prayer. There was a hush, as if each one were searching his heart to cast out anything that might prevent his close approach to God. Not a sound was heard, other than the even breathing of that multitude, as they waited before God. After a minute or two of this close, personal and silent communion, they began to pray aloudmany at the same time, but without confusion. In a short time all were praying, men and women alike. Had they not all been asked to join1 There was no outward demonstration or evidence of excitement. Each worshipper was bringing the case of the sick man to the Lord in his or her own way, and pleading for the sweet healing which would restore him to health. One was heard to say: "Oh, Father, you have need of his help in this world. Tens of thousands are working here, and yet he will be missed. Others may be faithful, but there is always a certain share of work allotted to each and his share will be left undone. Out there in the world there are men and women and little ones crying for him to help them. Hear and answer our prayer, Lor Jesus I sake. Amen.' , This incident is typical of the unity of purpose of the Korean Church. True, there are exceptions which but prove the rule. A member of the church, perhaps an officer, commits an offense against the church, society or the state. It is not condoned or simply made a 126 matter of idle gossip. The church is much too near the vital heart of early Christianity for that. The Church Court is called and the member is given a full and sympathetic hearing. If he should be found guilty, he is usually required to make a public confession before the Church at a regular service, and is suspended from participation in church services or ceremonies, other than as the humble and contrite sinner he has confessed himself to be. This suspension may cover a few months or a year, depending on the enormity of his sin.

Christianity is growing rapidly in Korea. The few hundred ordained ministers, graduates from the Theological Seminaries and the hundreds of faithful helpers who travel the country regions, are having a great influence in bringing this about, but the movement is more largely due to the effective witness and the personal work of the laymen of the church. Following scriptural example, they frequently go out, two by two, teaching and exhorting and influencing the lives of an entire community. At a recent meeting of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, over fifty thousand days of preaching for the coming year were pledged by the laymen present!

Korea was opened as a mission field less than forty years ago. The pioneers in this undertaking avoided the rocks, some of which threatened to wreck, or seriously cripple, missionary effort in other lands and took advantage of the experiences which had proved fruitful. One of the earliest decisions of these pioneers was to encourage ~elf-support in the native churches. This subject has received as much thought and attention by the missionaries in Korea as anyone phase of the work. It is not easy to inculcate a desire to be a selfsupporting Church in such a poverty-stricken constituency and with the record of missionary effort in other fields before them. This is especially true of the Koreans who, as a race, have never (until recently) been noted for their patriotism, pride or spirit of independence. Some of the missions have made it a rule to supply no funds for the erection of church buildings except in places where, in order to accommodate the large numbers of men and women from the country who come to these centres to attend the Bible Classes and Institutes, it is necessary to provide larger buildings than the local congregation would require.

Thus the great need for the carrying on of the work so wonderfully blessed of God, is not for more funds with which to carryon the cause of the Church, but for the support of more missionaries whose main responsibility shall be to direct the education of the youth and the training of leaders, who can lead their own people into the Light.

Through these changes the Church remains true to the teachings as found in the Word of God. By fire and sword; by blood and tears; by success and blessing; in every way possible, God is opening up Korea to the GospeL-World Dominion (London).

BBST

.,.. – EDITED BY MRs. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHLENBERG BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA, P A.

THE PLACE AND POSSIBILITY OF THE PROJECT METHOD IN MISSIONARY EDUCATION T HERE are those who regard missionary interest as an optional attachment of Christianity, and missionary education as a teacher's ,:l"ecepts entirely apart from a pupil's experience. "Project Method," "pupil initiation," "group enterprise," are terms of comparatively recent usage.

Missionary education is advanced further by the drawing-out than by the cramming-in process. Not only the things that we see and the things that we hear are materials of missionary education-the things that we dO' are also of prime importance. No grO'up can list the things other groups should do. Projects are not ready-to-wear garments, neither may they be cut by ready-made patterns.

However, the experiences of others are most suggestive and helpful.

THE USE OF THE PROJECT METHOD wits and developed the power of IN MISSIONARY EDUCATION thinking for one's self. "Experience By HERBERT W. GATES, is the best teacher." True, and one may go farther and say that it is thE! Secretary of the Department of Missionary only teacher really worth while. And Education, Congregationa Education of all experience, that of meeting defi- Society nite situations in life which present problems and of working one's way One of the first things to make clear through to a satisfactory solution is in this connection is the fact that the the best. "project method" is neither abstruse, nor even new. It is the attempt to This illustration shows that the prolearn from nature and from life itself a more interesting and effective way ject method is not a substitute for of teaching and of learning. The pro- study, or for thinking. It includes ject method is as old as any boy that both and gives to both a definite pur- ever grew up on a farm in early days pose that lends significance and in- when access to the store at the trade terest.

('enter was not as easy as in these days Many of our educational leaders of the trolley and the telephone, to prefer to use the term "the problem say nO'thing of the automobile. methO'd of approach" rather than Fnder such circumstances the boy "the project method." If this title had to' meet the prO'blems constantly helps to' describe the nature of the arising through the breaking of wagon process more clearly by all means use or harness or farming implement. it. What's in a name so long as you Ways and means of repairing the grasp the idea T damage and going on with the work What does this method mean as aphad to' be found. It was not always plied to missionary education f It cO'nvenient or easy, but it sharpened means that, in:;;teap of giYing tlie 128

BEST METHODS 12!J

pupil a certain amount of informa- pany it, find out all you can about the tion or assigning a task without any institution and report to the departmotive that particularly appeals to ment at an early date. Then the dehim, we shall bring him to face defi- partment will decide by vote which nite situations which set problems that one it will choose." he wants to solve and then help him to acquire the knowledge and devise This was done, the reports were the means necessary to the solution. made, and the department chose a school in the Southern Mountains. The educational value of the proc- The next question was, "What shall ess depends upon several things. we do'" This led naturally to "What do they want?" First, the definiteness and worth, from the pupil's point of view, of the The discussion brought out other aim or purpose of the thing to be questions; "Who are the pupils Y" done. If it is initiated by him, so , 'Are they boys, or girls, or both f " much the better, but, whether the orig- "HOWl old are they'" "What are inal suggestion comes from him, or their llames f" It was decided to apfrom the leader, it must be something point a committee to write to the printhat he will choose to do. cipal of the schGol and ask for the information needed. Another essential is the amount of study, or research, done by the pupil This was done and the principal's in acquiring the facts necessary to a letter read to the department. Then clear understanding of the problem came the questions, "How much will and the amount and quality of the it cost to buy these things Y" "How original thinking done by him in the shall we raise the money?" Ways and effort to relate facts tG problem and in means were devised involving no little the choice of means for its solution. self denial. Meanwlhile, interest was doing its work. Not a week passed It is also requisite that this study that pupils did not bring in additional and planning shall result in some defi- bits of information about the people nite and satisfactory accomplishment. of the Southern Mountains, their The degree of honest pride that may place in our history, their customs, be taken in the achievement not only and so on. Other projects grew out determines the readiness of the pupil of the main one. One class prepared to undertake the next project that an original program for the devotional may be suggested, but the depth and service, presenting in dramatic form lasting quality of the impressions a scene in a Southern schooL Another made by this one. Above all, it is this prepared several posters. A bulletin board was established and classes took satisfaction which creates attitudes of turns in caring for it and collecting interest in and loyalty tG the whole pictures and items of interest. missionary enterprise. Finally, the money was raised, a Now, for an example or two. committee purchased the gifts agreed The leader of a Junior-Intermedi- upon, they were sent to the church, ate department in a church school a Saturday afternoon wrapping and asked the boys and girls what they packing bee was held, each package would like to do to celebrate Christ- being marked with the name of its mas. Many suggestions were offered, recipient and Christmas seals atbut all agreed that they would like to tached, another committee attended to dG something for someone. When shipping the barrel, and the thing asked What ~ and For whom T they was done. were at a loss. "Very well," said the leader, "here What were the results Y A great are five slips of paper, each with the deal of information had been acquired name of a mission school or institu- about their neighbors to the south, a tion for which you might like to do friendly act of kindness had been something. I suggest that five classes done, and, best of all, everyone agreed each take one of these slips and the pamphlets and references that accom- 4

i30 THE MissioNARY R:I!lvtlilW OF THE WORLD

that it had been great fun and wanted they had helped in a very real manner to kno'w "Now what can we doY" toward the success of the enterprise, and evidence of their new attitude A Primary superintendent had been was shown by the marked ipcrease in teUing her children a series of stories the number of pledges from the young about Japanese children of their own people in the Canvass itself. age. Then came the earthquake and two or three children, influenced by Compare for yourself such methods conversation heard at home, asked if as these with the all too prevalent they might not do something for the method of telling missionary stories, children over there. Being younger giving missionary programs, and takthan those in the former case, they ing missionary offerings with little or gladly accepted suggestions as to what no conscious relationship being estabwas needed. The result was a gift of lished between facts and acts. Which money sent to the Woman's Board of method seems more likely to produce Missions to be used to help a J apa- deep and lasting impressions' Which nese kindergarten, supplemented by a is better calculated to make children gift of cards, each with a neatly and young people regard the missionmounted picture and with blank space ary enterprise as a great and worthy undertaking in which they have a left for writing texts. real shareY The most noticeable thing was the REAL PROJECT WORK joy with which these children shared their spendtng money, denying them- By MABEL GARDNER KERSCHNER selves candy and other delights that they might increase their offering. The misunderstanding of the term "Project" is most appalling. Only Many churches are finding the the other day, a Sabbath School Asso- Every Member Canvass a most valu- ciation Secretary, in discussing" Class able educational project. Here is an Methods, " dismissed the whole subimportant undertaking in which all ject with the passing remark, "We are asked to join. What is it fod need not consider the ' Project How does the church use its money Method'; it is for home-work only." for its own support and for benevolence 1 Why give money aimlessly As a matter of fact the Project without knowledge of its purposeY Method is a technical name for the What can we do to understand this way in which moral persons most enterprise more clearly and to help naturally and normally do things. others understand it? For the individual, a Project is a pur- poseful act-a young man purposes to Questions like these lead to a study u~e his talents for the good of manof the church budgets by the young kind rather than for personal gain; people. They study the work of the a young woman purposes to avail hervarious boards to which money is self of the best educational advantages given, prepare posters illustrating in order that she may the more effecthem, get up original programs and tually serve her generation. For a exhibits that are of interest and edu- class or an organization, it is a group cational value to adults as well as to enterprise-a course of action initiated themselves. In one such church and carried out by the will of the posters made by Juniors and Inter- group_ "It is to this purposeful act mediates were displayed, first at the or course of action, with the emphasis dinner of the Every Member Canvass on the word purpose, and to this only, organization, then in the lobby of the that we should apply the term, church on the Sunday before the Can- 'Project.' " vass. As a result more than one man admitted that he had learned more And there are groups-as well as about the causes for which he was to individuals-which are carrying out give and to solicit gifts than he had these purposeful activitie'8 unconever known before, the young people sciously. Here is a Woman's Missionhad the satisfaction of knowing that

BlllST METHODS

ary Society which is sending a year's program of research and study that subscription to several magazines r.s a was vital and purposefuL Christmas remembrance to a missionary in China. Another group is Whenever the subject of the Project furnishing the Domestic Science is discussed, one is always sure to hear Kitchen in a "Home Mission SchooL" the question: "Can boys and girls A class of girls in a Church School is enter into this type of group entergiving a Christmas party, with tree, prise~ Can they initiate and carry toys, and gifts, for fifty of the less through their own activities ~" Why fortunate children of a big city who not? Why can they not make deotherwise would have no Christmas cisions, under proper guidance, and joy (the names of the children having carry them out in their own little been procured through the Social wayY This very thing happened in Service Exchange to· avoid duplica- the Primary group in the "Little tion). Still another group is making School" at the Chambersburg Misbaby slips for the Social Sernce sionary Conference. The leader had Bureau of the Municipal Courts. All told several stories about the children of these groups are engaged in real in a certain mission in Japan, had missionary service-projects. showed pictures of the mission to the children, and had read a letter from Naturally an enterprise that in- the superintendent of the mission. .Among other things, the letter convolves not only activity but research tained an account of their last year's Christmas festival and suggestions of and study has added value for those articles and gifts that would be acparticipating. Recently a class of ceptable for the next year's celebra- tion. Without any urging on the young business women, as a result of part of the leader, the shyest little girl in the group volunteered: "I a series of studies about the Japanese, could make a scrap-book at home." decided to hold a Japanese party for In the conversation that followed the their friends and the members of the children mentioned a number of things which would be most interestchurch. The whole class acted as a ing to include in such a scrap-book. On the very next day three scrapcommittee to draft the general plans. books were brought in. This was just the beginning! When the Christmas Sub-committees to prepare the pro- package was wrapped and sent, in adgram, draw up the invitations, ar- dition to the letter written to the range f.or the decorations, and provide superintendent by the children themthe refreshments came into being by selves, it contained, besides the three the members of the class choosing the scrap-books already mentioned, one type of service which they desired to large book, showing .American country render. Inasmuch as it was the task and' city scenes and pictures of Amerof the program committee to provide ican children at play, at work, at games, stories, legends, songs and a school, at home, and at church; play portraying Japanese life, it was puzzles; mounted pictures; stuffed essential that they make a study of dolls; and tree ornaments-all made Japanese customs, etiquette, dress and house interiors. The invitations were by the children. dainty paper lanterns and were truly By this time someone will be sure Japanese in spirit. The committee on decorations had to make a detailed to be saying, "Oh those are shopstudy of all Japanese pictures avail- worn suggestions; we've been sending able in order to provide typical missionary boxes and making scrapscenery for the walls of the entertain- books for years. " That is true. But ment hall and background for the it isn't the thing we do so much as the play. The committee in charge of way in which we do it. It makes a the refreshments had to become familiar with Japanese foods and the vast deal of di1ference whether the manner in which they were served. And so, as a result of this one enterprise, there was developed a whole

leader dictates all the activity, or pageants where Japan appears in a whether by stories, pictures and floppy kimono of bathroom demgn. letters she eventually creates in the children a real desire to share what Miss Helaine Magnus, President of they have with those less fortunate the Women's Am1W'ican Oriental Club than themselves, and then allows them of New York City tells readers of the to plan, together with her, and carry REVIEW something about the Wh.yand out the activities which have really What an(1 the How of this Fete, as a become their own. When there is this reS'uU of 1vhich $3,000 in cash, and purposeful activity on the part of the many gifts of material!! for work W'ere group, we may be said to have sent to the three Japanese la,dties achieved real project work. whose letters are quoted.

What will the use of the Project There were two reasons why such a Method in our church school classes fete should be held. The first reason and mission bands mean Y As always was the earthquake. ~With a large . it will mean competent and consecrated teachers. And it will mean a area of .Japan devastated, and thoumore adequate supply of permanent sands of victims destitute, there was missionary textbooks for all ages. a clear call to American women to send The report to a church school class relief funds. or mission study group of a letter from an aunt, a new friendship in The first reason was brought home school or whit not may be the stimulus in a rather direct and personal way. that will call into being an interest in A couple of weeks after the earthand a desire to study the Near East. quake one of the members of the J apa- It will not do for the Boards to reply nese Women's Association told me to such a wish: "This is the year for that they were planning to cut up studying China; we will have ma- their beautiful kimonos and obis to te·rial on the Near East year after make fancy articles to sell at a bazaar, next." We must be ready to meet the as they simply had to do all in their interest of the child when it first power to help relieve the great distress makes its appearance. To do so, we of their stricken people, and to re.. must have an ever accumulating body spond to the personal appeals of their of materials, permanent in character, friends at home. Only a couple of in so far as anything growing and pro- days before I heard this, the bride of gressing can be permanent. the entertainment had shown me her trousseau and wedding dresses, all of A JAPANESE FASHIONS AND such rare beauty as one is seldom privileged to see. The cutting up of CUSTOMS FETE aU that splendor, to make pretty work bags or pillow covers, seemed ruthless Why, What and How dest.ruction, needless sacrifice and ir- reparable loss. The bride's family By HELAINE MAGNUS had lost home and business, and had When the doors of the Nippon Club barely escaped with their lives, and Honse in New York City were opened yet this girl was going to sacrifice her to receive gnests on a November day, precious wedding gown to sell in several hundred people stepped from pieces to aid her suffering country .93d Street-into J apam. women. As necessity is the mother of invention, the idea was born of sho,w- There We7'e .JapanEse men, in wait- ing to' others the things I had had ing, charming young Japan maidens such pleasure in seeing, and of makand matrons as hostess'elf, and irremst- ing an opportunity for acquainting ible Japanese childJren here and there. American women with Japanese cus- As for the Japanese kimonos digplayed toms along many other lines. in the exhibit and W'orn by the hOlftesse.';- W'ell, one undi'JI'standg, after Three letters received from J apaseeing them, the outraged feelings of n€13e ladies formerly resident in New J OJpanese s'pectators of gome American York, now returned to their own land, impressed their American ~ friends as

BEST METHODS 13a

TEA CEREMONY, PRESENTED AT JAPANESE FETE, NIPPON CLUB, NEW YORK The hostess is Mrs. H. Kashiwagi; Mrs. G. Higashi and Mrs. H. Yamaahlta are the guests well as the Japanese ladies now in unanswered. The Fete was planned NeWi York with the urgent necessity as an answer to them. for responding to these personal app eal s : The second reason for the holding of such a fete was to give American "Since you have so kindly shown women a chance to see their Japanese your sympathy with us here we want sisters at home. to turn ourselves to your good-self to help us in our relief work. Mrs. Mit- When it was first proposed, the natsui, her sister-in-law and I with other ural reserve and hesitancy of the ladies are planning to make European Japanese women made them feel no clothing for children under our relief one would be interested in coming to society. It is very difficult to get pat- see their Japanese apparel, and the tern books and knitting books for articles illustrative of life in Japan, children's clothes here, and we would but whE'll an entertainment and a tea be very grateful if you can get some were suggested they immediately beof them for us over there. We need came enthusiastic and set to work in simply cut patterns and books which earnest to interest their American would give some suggestions for the friends and to insure the success of children's clothing. their venture.

"If you can do this will you please T.he Fete offe~ed a valuable opporsend them to Mrs. Mitsui, 169 Homu- tumty to acquamt American women racho, Azabuku, Tokyo, Japan." with Japanese women's customs and to give. an introd~ction that might Two other letters similar to this res~lt m closer frIendship, through lettmg down barriers that at first acwere received. quaintance seem so unsurmountable between the people of our two ooun- Such appeals as these could not go

tries. In the great desire of the J apa- nese friends deeply, were asked to be nese ladies to be hospitable and enter- patronesses. No further contribution taining to the surprisingly large was solicited and each patroness number of guests who graciously came received a complimentary card of adto learn their ways, and to show mission. Circulars were prepared out- lining in brief the various attractions MRS. H. HORIKOSHI. AS A BRIDE AT THE to be presented. The Japanese women JAPANESE FASHION FETE. NIPPON CLUB, formed their own committees to take charge of the diverse activities, and NEW YORK their management of the affair was Formerly Japanese brides wore all white– such as to make seem incredible the the color of mourning to show that thereafter fact that this was practically their they were dead to their homes. In later years, first experience in an undertaking of the daintiest pink kimonos are worn over the this kind. white. Mrs. Horiko,;hi wears also a top coat of eXQuisite design. The hair is braided in a long The funds were raised by the sale plait down the back. of ticke'ts at $3.00 each, and by the sale of Sembie, .Tapanese saltines, rice sympathy with Japan in her affliction, cake, ,Tapanese cookies and fudgethey overcame their usual shyness and made by the ,Japanese ladies who have self-repression in complete self-for- attended the candy cooking class getfulnes,>. twice a month.

Some of the American friends, There were also many articles from whose generous response to an appeal Japan contributed for sale-from for assistance, sent out the day after doll's fans to a beautiful kimono, dothe earthquake, touched their 'J apa- nated by the wife of the Japanese Ambassador to the United States.

The exhibit included exquisite cere- monial cost.umes, kimono and obi of rare art. There were kimono for win- ter, and kimono for summer, kiJrn01W for children, for matrons and for maids, while- the figure of a Japanese gentleman, in proper dress, stood guard over the exhibit room, with its tables of ,Tapanese toys, games, toilet articles, cooking utensils and many other requisites of daily life in Japan.

Guests who understood or heard ex- plained the exquisite and intricate courtesy of Japanese flower arrange- ment appreciated the "Welcome" ex- pressed by the flower arrangement at the entrance, and "Hospitality" symbolized in the· arrangement of the flowers in the tea room, where Japa- nese ladies, attired in artistic kimonos, served delicious roasted tea, !lind wafers.

Most Americans do not understand the seriousness of the "Tea Cere- mony. " It is an occasion for medita- tion and deep, quiet, intensive thought, so all the service must be performed in the most reverential manner. An American guest said to her neighbor, in my hearing, "My!

BEST METHODS

If it takes them as long as this to Young Girl at Housework ….•••…..•.•. make one cup of tea, how long does it …••.•…..••.. Miss Chiyono Sugimoto take them to cook dinned" . Does not that question indicate that there may Boy ….•……… Master Nobutsugu Nishi be educational value to such gather- Buddhist Priestess ……..•… Madame X ings in America' Loan Exhibition of Japanese Garments and A Musical Program followed by a Household Requirements wUI be shown in the Fashions Show was presented three Assembly Room on the main floor between times in succession in order to give three and four o·clock. the many guests a chance to hear and see it. The exquisite grace of the Programs suld by the Misses Yamaguchi and slow, dignified interpretations appear- Miss Sadako Hanta. ing on the program as "Dance, " given by Japanese girls alone, might well Is it not possible that some missionmake America blush for the gay whirls ary societies are so much occupied in of her ball rooms. sewing or raising money for" Foreign Fields" as to lose sight of the fact that Those who contemplate a similar the "Foreign Field" is frequently Fete will be especially interested in right in our midst Y That just around the entire program: the corner is a Christian church the members of which are citizens of the MUSICAL PROGRAM very land for which they are w(Orking, that is struggling against obstacles, 1. Shimai (Noh Dance). and is in need of their help right here. Are we helping the missionaries sent "Hagoromo" (Feather Robe) abroad if we neglect the natives of the Odori–Interpretative Danee. By Miss lands they are sent to, who are here among us, Do not many people lose Ryoko Nishi. sight of the fact that today there are, Tsuzumi (Hand Drum). Played by Mrs. living next door to them people who fifty or even twenty-five years ago T. Ikeda. were separated from them by conti- Utai (Singing). By Mrs. 1. Nishi and nents and oceans Y Mrs. K. Katsuyama. Valuable missionary work may be done in one's own home by opening 2. Sankyoku (Musical Trio). the door and giving friendship to the women from distant lands who are "Shoehikubai" (Pine and Bamboo eager to learn the best of the strange and Plum) new oountry to which they have come, and to whom friendship is both a KOTOS. Played by Mrs. E. Yoshii and pleasure and a privilege. Mrs. Z. Shimizu. "So many Faiths, so many Creeds, SAMISEN. Played by Mrs. K. Ichikawa. So many roads that wind and wind, SHAKURACRI. Played by Mr. M. Ikoma. When just the art of being kind Is what this old world needs." 3. Mai Dance. "TSUR,UKAME" (Stork and . Turtle) •.

Interpretative Dance. By Mrs. H. Tabuea. Samisens. Played by Mrs. K. Ueda, Mrs.

S. Kamei and Mrs. E'. Yoshii. Uta (Singing). By Mrs. 1. Nishi.

Chanoyu (Tea Ceremony) COMBINATION OF MISSIONARY EDUCATION Hostess-Mrs. H. Kashiwagi AND RECREA'flON Guests-Mrs. G. Higashi and Mrs. H. Joy from Ja1?lMI is a new book by Cather- Yamashita ine Aikinsou Miller, published by Heidelberg Ikebana (Flower Arrangement). By Miss Press, 15th & Raee Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. It wntains suggestions for programs Tomoko Ariga fo1' large and small groups-for indoors and out-of·doors occasions.' .JAPANESE FASHION SHOW * There are poster patterns and party plays, Dress of a Married Lady.Mrs. T. Minagawa Price $1.00; Poster Packet. 60 cents; Book Bridal Dress ………… Mrs. H. Horikoshi and packet together, $1.50. Young Girl Student …. Miss Kazuko Kume

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY SUMMER SERVICE TO MIGRANTS ties cover three phases: First Aid, in- By LAURA H.PARKER eluding baths and nursing; Domestic Executive Supervisor, Work among Farm Science and Art, including hot lunch- and Cannery Migrants es and handwork; and Playground TToo lbievealtioveiti,ntosucghiveantoagiet!! work. aWre otvheen ftuhnroduamghenthtaeIBe n0 tf i rCe hpr.o- g-ram 1."18- A rare opportunity for giving is tian Americanization. The "TJittle House" is a joy spot offered to young American college in the lives of all, as for the first girls throug-h the fascinating field of time children tingle with the thrill of service among !<'arm and Cannery a bath all-over, learn to make useful Migrants-the neglected folk, "bY-and pretty things, to play happily out- products of seasonal industries," of-doors and to store up in their little nomads without real home or church minds Bible verses, beautiful songs life. and stories, to take the place of ugly The 1923 summer season of Farm "swear words" and lies. The moth- and Cannery migrant work is now ers realize the difference as they see history-a' history covering six sta- their children obey for the first time.

tionl'l in Pennsylvania, Delaware, The churches in the various local Maryland, and New: .Jersey open for communities render real service in a total period of 69 weeks or a year providing leadership for groups of and a third. This work was financed older boys and girls who work in the by eleven National Women's Mission cannery in the day time. They come Boards, Colleges, and local Women's to the house' at night for carpentering, Church and Missionary Federations, sewing, games, etc.

the funds being dispensed through The County and Red Cross Nurses the Council of Women for Home and Home and Farm Bureau agents MiSl'lions. cooperate most effectively and enthu- The nationalities served ware Ital- Riastically.

ian, Polish, Lithuanian and Negro. The canner is interested for he sees The parents, recruited from a nearby that under right leadership this plan city by a convincing- "row boss," work works. As one says, "If industry is hard in the cannery from morning till to come before child welfare-which night. Even after they return to in thi~ case it undoubtedly does–and their one-room shacks they have little deprive the infants of their mothers, or no time for their children. The it is not unreasonable to ask industry children run wild, hang around the to take care of the child while the cannery, get into danger and mischief. mother and father are taking care of Here is our golden opportunity! industry." Writes a social worker in With w:hat joy the little people now a large org-anization, about our farm come to the " Sunshine Cottage" and cannery service, "It is the sound- which has been erected by the canner est piece of Americanization work it specially for the work and is equipped has been my gratification to see."

with bath and shower. Very soon How the horizon of the college girl they become well-acquainted with the who carries on the work expands as "nurses," as the mothers call the she lays her life alongside the lives young college girls who care for the of the people who need, so sorely, love children. "My, how they love the and intelligent sympathy! She her- nurses" is the oft-heard comment self draws upon every bit of her prac- from the weary mothers. The activi- tical experience, technical training, 136 -common sense, sense of humor, and ;gates with expenses paid, all the con- :spiritual power to answer the calls iel'ence Social Service Superintend- :made upon her. ,ents east of the Mississippi River. The ·conferences were invited to send othet- The children grow by leaps and delegates at their own expense. Thi:s :bounds-not only physically as a re- meeting marked a great forward sult of the nutritious hot lunch, but movement in the states represented. mentally and spiritually. Our goal is to teach them to keep their bodies, In November of 1923 a similar meetminds, and souls clean-they "who ing was held in Dallas, Texas, for all are the hope or the world," the citi- Social Service Superintendents west zens of tomorrow. of the Mississippi River. Seventy-five delegates, including Social Service Children in whose frail arms shall rest Superintendents and other conference Prophets and singers and saints of the West, officers, were present throughout the Newcomers all from the Eastern seas, three days of the meeting, which was Help us incarnate dreams like these, lpresided over by Mrs. Luke Johnson, Forget and forgive that we did you wrong. chairman of the Commission. Inter. Help us to father a nation, strong !Cst was marked from beginning to end, Tn the comraaeship of an equal birth the clima-"{ being reached in the clos- In the wealth of the richest bloods of earth. ing message of Mrs. Janie Porter Bar- rett, superintendent of the Virginia NEWS NOTES State School for Delinquent Girls at Peak'8 TUl'nout. The morning hours Methodist Episcopal. South were spent in discussion of the follow- ing topics: "The World Races," led RE:I!:OVAL OF SCARRITT TO· NASHVILLE by Mr. Robert Eleazer. Educational 'Secretary of the Inter-racial Commis- Last wint~r a joint program of sion, "Missionary Education and Race missionary training was drawn up by Relations, " led by Miss Estelle Has· a committee representing the Board kin, Cultivation Secretary of the of Missions, the 'Voman '8 Missionary Woman's Department, Board of Mis- Council, the two Schools of Theology :sions, and "Negro Literature and at Atlanta and at Dallas, and the ~!l..rt, " led by Miss Mary DeBardel- Scarritt Bible and Training School. eben, Bible Tea.cher, University of Adopted by the Council in April, it Oklahoma. The afternoons were given was adopted by the Board in May. In to forums for the discussion of meth- September the Board voted that the ods to be used in local communities Scarritt Bible and Training School be tv further better race rela.tions. located at Nashville, Tennessee, and ., may be affiliated with the George The Dallas meeting, more than any Peabody College for Teachers with other which has been held by the the understanding that it shall have Council, was marked by a deep sense its own separate identity, free from of feeling of sisterhood of the races. any organic alliance with or control 'rhis was evidenced as Miss DeBardel- by any other institution." eben voiced in a most sympathetic and telling manner the heart-throb of the The Scarritt Bible and Training, an Negro as presented by him through his institution for training both home and own literature. foreign missionaries, has been estab- lished for more than thirty years at Presbyterian. U. S. Kansas.City, Missouri. The initial investment for the institution in re- CONFERENCES FOR COLORED WOMEN locating it in Nashville will amount to $950,000. The :first conference for colored women ever held in the South was SocrAL SERVICE INSTITUTES organized seven years ago by the Woman's Auxiliary of the Presby- A year ago the Commission on Race Relations or the Woman's Missionary terian Church, U. S. This year seven Council, Methodist Episcopal Church, South, held a meeting in Atlanta, Georgia, to which were invited as dele·

conferences for colored women have with a full corps of officers and twelve been conducted in seven southern charter Auxiliaries.

states-Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Mrs. Winsborough, Superintendent Louisiana, North Carolina, South of the Woman's Auxiliary, traveled Carolina and Virginia. About five the full length of the Rio Grande hundred delegates in all attended these Valley, in the spring, visiting each of conferences-delegates of various de- the interesting towns dotting that nominations, for there was nothing magic section of Texas, and ending denominational about the meetings at Brownsville, she started on a. trip except their financing. These dele- to the Southern Presbyterian territory gates came from about three hundred in Mexico.

different communities, the majority at The WOmen of the Auxiliary have the expense of the white Presbyterian recently contributed $50,000 to estab- women of their home towns. lish a similar school for Mexican girls The faculty consisted of leaders of to be located at Taft, which has of- both races, men and women. In addi- fered one hundred acres of land and tion, the delegates themselves told of $10,000 for the establishment of the their needs and work in community school at that place. It is expected betterment, and the practical results that this school will be ready for stu- of the teachings enjoyed by them in dents by September, 1924.

former similar conferences. WOMEN'S PARTICIPATION The Bible was taught every day. The Woman's Auxiliary, as its Classes in ,sewing, cooking and nurs- name indicates, is entirely auxiliary ing were taught by experienced lead- to the general work of the Church and ers, and a clinic was conducted in the the funds are all disbursed by the presence of the delegates. Executive Committees (Boards) of the ()hurch, hitherto composed of men A demonstration on how to organize only. The women have had no ad· and conduct community clubs held a ministrative power and no voice in the prominent place on the program, with disbursement of funds until now. At brief discussion by those delegates who the meeting of the General Assembly belong to such clubs. A playground in May, 1923, in answer to an overdemonstration was given each day and ture from St. John's Presbytery, the value of supervised play in the Florida, the General Assembly diformation of the child's character was rected each of the Executive Comemphasized. mittees (Boards) to elect three wom- en members on the Committee. This The results of these conferences in acHon carried by a large majority. the communities from which the dele- ~ates come are most encouraging. The Foreign Mission Committee, Sewing schools, public playgrounds, Committee of Home Missions. Comcommunity nurses, Sunday-schools, mittee of Christian Education and Ministerial Relief, and Committee of better school and church buildings, Sunday School Extension and Young and more sanitary homes and schools People's Work now each consists of are some of the features which have eighteen members, three of ~hom are been introduced into colored communities by the returned delegates.

TEXAS NEWS women. In view of the fact that the The Southern Presbyterian Church Presbyterian Church, U. S., has been has a Mexican Presbytery in Texas among the most conservative denomin- covering a constituency of about ations in regard to the election of 25,000 Mexicans. A Mexican depart- women to official positions, and also re- ment in the Theological Seminary at calling that the women of the Church Austin has also recently been estab- did not form a general organization lished. In August, the women of the until 1912, this action is epoch-mak- Texas Mexican Presbytery organized ing in the history of womllll'~ work in themselV'es into a Presbyterial Society, the Qhu,rc4,

Woman's Foreign Mission

ANNUAL MEETING Students and Young People Officers of the Federation of Woman's Several of the delegates had come from the student gathering at In- noards of Foreign Missions of dianapolis and these lent emphasis to one of the strongest elements of the North America for 1924 program, the heed for concentrated effort among the young women and President-MRS. E. H. SILVERTHORN. children of to-day to win and hold Vice· President-MRS. WILLIAM MACDOWELL. their lives for Christ_ Vice·President-MRS. W. C. WINSBOROUGH. Recording Secretary-MIss VERNON HALLI· Dr. Mary McDaniel, under appoint- ment to the Shanghai Medical College, DAY. giving her impressions of the conduct and effect of the Student Volunteer Treasurer-MRS. DEWITT KNOX. Conference, pointed hopefully to the Executive Secretary-SARAH H. POLHEMUS. future leadership in Christian effort that is being made ready in the suc- Standing Committee Chairmen. cession line to such present-day leaders as Speer, Mott and Eddy. Student Work-MIss FLORENCE TYLER. Methods of Work-MISS AL~[A NOBLE. Linked to the problem of the stu- Summer Schools and Conferences-MIss dents in America is that of higher edu- cation for the Nationals studying in MARY PEACOCK. America and abroad. Christian fel- lowship alone holds the key. Christian Literature for W (Yfflen and Chil- dren in Foreign Lands-MIsS ALICE M. Christian Colleges for Women in the KYLE. Orient Interdenom'national Institutions on the For- eign Field-MRs. W. A. MONTOOMERY.

Central Committee–MRs. H. W. PEABODY. Publication and Literature-MIss GERTRUDE SCHULTZ.

Local Federations-MISS CARRIE KERSCH- NER.

Constitution and By-Laws–MIss MARGARET HODGE.

REPORT Federation of Woman's Board of It has been possible through the three million dollar Building Fund to Foreign Missions of North furnish permanent plant and equip- ment for seven of these colleges, three America in India, three in China, and one in Japan. It is a noticeable fact that, MRS. JANET T. MACGILLIVRAY in the distribution of this fund as re- quired in the field, the total expense of "Blest be the tie that binds" administration was met from the in- terest. Completing the first decade of federation, the Annual Meeting of the Christian Literature for Women and Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America was held in New Chlldren in the Foreign Field York City, January :fifth to eighth_ Twenty-seven of the thirty affiliated Miss Kyle told of the project of the Boards were represented by mission- past ten years to launch certain enaries or members. terprises for the provision of suitable reading material for the Wom€'1l and This annual gathering is more than children of foreign lands. That "ina visible expression of the forces of fant cry" has learned now to stam- Christian womanhood in the home mer in three languag-es "Happy Church, for, through this body, there Childhood" and "The Woman's Meshave been established definite pieces of senger" in China, "The Treasure work in the Orient and at home which Chest" in India, and" The Light of no single Board could effectively car- Love" in Japan. While the Boards ry through. The Federation func- have loyally carried their pledge, the tions mainly through standing committees whose reports form the center of interest at the conference.

139

five thousand dollar budget is far religion and education to get together from sufficient to satisfy the hunger and work out some basis for lasting and thirst for pure and wholesome peace. To such a cause, a Christian reading matter. sisterhood of the world can make a worthy contribution by uniting in the International Fellowship vital things and the things which are being sought to-day by Christian wom- The social side had its share in the en. program as we spent one evening under the hospitable roof of the National Later, the Federation eoxpressed Y. "V. C. A. There missionaries and unanimous approval of such a plan, members of the Boards met in close and the first link was reported by fellowship. It was a world link. those members of the Federation who Among them was Miss Underhill of had presented the plan to Christian Great Britain, Miss Edwards and Miss women in Europe and the Orient dur- Sorabji, both of India; missionaries ing the past summe·r. A strong comfrom Egypt, China, Burma, India, mittee was appointed to prepare and and Japan, seventeen in all brought present plans. Two activities are althe needs and greetings from their ready in mind: first a ten-day instirespective countries. tute at Vassar College in June, 1924, with a limited delegation of one thou- World Federation of Christian sand, for the study of Christian In- ternationalism and Friendship, the Bi. Women ble and Prayer; second, the- issue of a quarterly Bulletin, with associate Mrs. Peabody, who, for forty years, editors in different countries, this Bulhas been a leader of women's mission- letin to be the seedlet some day to ary effort, and is called "the beloved grow "like unto the Tree of Life" prophet and seer of the Federation," which grew somehow on both sides of brought to this meeting her vision of the River. the climax of its activities-the proposal for a federation of the Chris- Thus did the retiring President with tian women of the world. "There is her benediction hand into the care of nothing so powerful in this world as her successor, Mrs. Silverthorn, this a gre-at ideal whose time to be born greater vision and larger programhas come." Many thousands of Chris- the consummation of this great ideal. tian women are to be found ready to be herded together through their na- DO WE THINK MORE OF tional Christian churches in the Orient. To give publicity to this vision, 1. Money or of Men Y an open meeting was called for Sun- 2. What we may get or what we day afternoon. may give? 3. Custom or of Consequences? In far oft' India during a sleepless 4. Reputation or of Reality? night the dream of a great Christian 5. Culture or of CharacteT? world-sisterhood unfolded itself to 6. Self or of Service 1 "our sE"Cr" and almost simultaneous- 7. Our Comfort or, God's Comly this thought was born in the mind mands! of a young Korean girl. Most impressive were the messages spoken in DO WE ACT MORE ACCORDING TO support of this great ideal as given by leading Christian women of the Ori- 1. Impulse or Principle! ent, the product of Christian missions, 2. Temporal or Eternal profit f Miss Sorabji of India, Komarya San 3. Sight or Faith in God! and Mrs. Abita, sister of Miss Tsuda, 5. Worldly Standards or Divine of Japan, and Miss Sung of China, as Lawsf well as representative Board members. 6. Human Passions or Christian Since diplomacy and statecraft, we Desires? are told, have failed, it l'e~ains for 7. Praise of Men or Glory to GOO Y

NlBWS· FROM ,MANY

CHINA December 20th on payment of 18,000 Chinese Banditry Continues strings of cash.

THE demoralized political condition Christianity aud Buddhism in all parts of China continues to be emphasized almost daily, says The ONE of the missionaries of the Continent, "by reports of banditry, Disciples writes in W/Nld Call: internecine warfare and inefficiency "The churches in Wuhu are planning and corruption of government offi- to hold a big union meeting this fall cials. Despite the demandl:l for pro- and they will probably put up a mat tection of foreigners made following tent in a prominent place. The Budthe Lincheng episode last spring, not dhists are now in the midst of a big only by the United States but by other meeting which is to last for three foreign nations who have citizens in months. They have invited one of China, banditry continues unabated in their famous priests from afar and he many sections, and the miSll'ionaries, Ims come with twenty assistants. They in particular tliose who live in interior will contribute more than $10,000 in Chinese money for this meeting. It towns, are in a state of suspense. But is sponsored by the local officials and the situation in some port cities, des- i~ very far-reaching in its influence pite protection from foreign gunboats, among high and low alike. You see is almost as bad as that in the interior. we need your prayers for our meet- Hunan province in central China, ing, when in the midst of such deepwhich has been a bone of contention rooted superstition the Church meets between north and south China for to engage in battle royal against the years, is demoralized." rulers of darkness."

A Presbyterian missionary in Heng- chow writes: "We know not what a The Liebenzell Mission day may bring forth. Wild rumors of the retreat of soldiers upon our city THE LiebenzeH Mission is associafill us with dread, not so much for ted with the China Inland Misourselves as for the poor people who sion, with missionaries in the province are at the mercy of the bandit-soldiers of Hunan. Its headquarters are at such times." in Liebenzell, Wurttenberg, Ger- many. Its American secretary is A press dispatch from Shanghai, Rev. G. A. Schmidt, 735 Sweeney dated December 31, reports the cap- Ave., Burlington, Iowa. The support ture of three American Lutheran from Germany having been cut off by BrethrC'll missionaries. Mr. and Mrs. financial conditions there, the Mis- Bernard Hoff from North Dakota, and sian is making a special effort to gain Mrs. J. R. Kilen, by the notorious American aid. Superintendent Witt bandit, Lao Yang Ren. The cable says that in a raid on the town of writes of the work: "At four places Tsaoyang in North Hupeh province, the greater part of the year had to be Mr. and Mrs. Hoff were wounded and devoted almost entirely to relief work. Mrs. Kilen was captured. Mr. Hoff And as roadbuilding in the aid of has since died. famishing people needed our assist- ance in superintending, the work at An American Evangelical Church two more stations was severely crip- pled. Also for the greater part of the missionary, Dr. E. W. Schmalzried, of year two other stations were without Tungjen, Kweichow, who was recently captured by bandits, was released on 141

resident workers. One station had months before, invited Feng from been destoyed by robbers in 1921 and Honan Province to be inspector genthe erecting of indispensable buildings eral of the capital city, with the undermade reg~lar station work impossible standing that cash ttl pay his troops for the wllOle year. The work cannot for garrison duty in Peking would be be extended as it ought to, open doors forthcoming regularly. But in ten cannot be entered, many more Chi- months Peng got less than a full nese workers need to be employed and month's wages for his men, and he cannot-all on account of funds con- succeeded in maintaining his position stantly being low. So you see we had in the city only by borrowing $1,000,- a sufficient number of real 'difficul- 000 in his own name and teaching his ties,' not to mention robbers and false soldiers to support themselves with prophets who were strongly in evi- gardening, weaving, soap-making, dence too." chair-making, and other lines of in- dustry. Within the city of Peking Shanghai Community Church the Government was getting over $300,000 a month from taxes on local THE community church of Shang- trade and Feng asked if he could have hai, organized three years ago with for his soldiers whatever there might 251 members, now numbers 469 and is be any month above $300,000. This continually growing. Rev. Clifford M. was refused, and thereupon Feng quit, Drury, an American preacher, is pas- withdrawing his soldiers from the tor of the church, and under his city. This left President Li helpless leadership a'considerable congregation and his abdication was inevitable. has been built up. The afternoon service frequently brings out four While Feng was making this fight hundred people. The Sunday-school to g'€'1; honest pay for his soldiers, Genis at present scattered around in sev- eral Chang, the notorious bandit eral adjacent buildings. As soon as it governor of Manchuria, offered him a has its own quarters, it will at once million dollars down with regular make a large growth. The church is monthly payments thereafter, if he missionary, and already has a consid- would desert Li and come over to the erable budget of benevolences. Twen- Chang side. Feng refused. ty denominations are represented in the membership of the church. It is Memorial Fund at Paotingfu DOW planned to erect a suitable building, at a cost of $50,000, Of this THE Paotingfu station of the Ameramount $34,000 has been already ican Board in North China was pledged by the residents in Shanghai, opened in 1872 by Rev. Isaac Pierson, the money being given in considerable and has, therefore, celebrated the commeasure by missionaries on modest pletion of fifty years of eventful salaries. It is proposed to carry the service. It will be remembered that campaign into AmeTica for further it was at Paotingfu, during the Boxer aid from the American churches. outbreak, that Tracy Pitkin laid down his life. Part of the jubilee celebra- General Feng Remain5 True tion has been the raising of a memorial fund to bear the name of its founder, BECAUSE General Feng Yu Hsi- Isaac Pierson. The 1l1issionary Herald ang resigned his office in Peking says: "This memorial will take the at about the time of President Li's form of some permanent improvement abdication, some people both in China in the plant and equipment of the and in America have blamed the for- station. It has already passed the mer for the latter's rash act. Those $1,500 mark. The first item of imwho know General Feng claim that he provement is the electric lighting of is much maligned. This summary of the entire compound. All the resithe situation is given in 'l'he Conti- dences have to use oil lamps. It is nent: It was President Li who, ten difficult and somewhat dangerous to

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

run schools and dormitories with lan- China is requiring the people to plant dIes and lamps. This Memorial Fund opium even against their own wishes, will place electric lights in each one of and that the habit of smoking is the institutions in the station. The everywhere on the increase among church will be well lighted and the officials, scholars and merchants; that streets approaching the compound will areas where opium has never been have sufficient bulbs. All of the resi- grown before are producing their dences, the schools, and the compound quota, and that punishment is being itself will be lit. The station has been inflicted, not on those who deal in the asked to suggest the remainder of the traffic, but those who refuse to do so.

memorial. It will quite possibly be They ask that every means should be the nucleus for the new building in taken to call public attention to the connection with the boys' school." grave situation. Another resolution has also been passed appealing to the Chinese Women's Convention Christian Church to unite with mis- CHINESE women met in the first sionaries in China in prayer that the national convention of their Church in China may be saved from Young Women's Christian Associa- contamination by the evil. -The Life tion at Hangchow October 18th to of Faith.

27th. The best modern thinkers of the country, men and women, ad- Surplus Famine Fund T dressed the delegates, and the great HE $900,000 remaining in the China famine relief fund, says change which has taken place in the womanhood of China was marked in The Continent, "has been appor- this meeting; breadth of mind and tioned as endo,wments to two union openness to new impressions were evi- missionary institutionS'-the universi- dent in all the sessions. The delegates ties of Nanking and Peking. The for- eame from twelve leading cities of mer university has done extensive China, and represented ninety-two agricultural and reforestration work, schools and colleges. The leadership and three quarters of the fund wJll go of the Chinese Y. W. C. A. is being to it, the balance going to Peking Uni- placed more and more in the hands of versity. By terms of the plans pro- the Chinese women themselves. The posed by the universities and accepted financial support of the work in China by the relief committee the fund will is almost entirely from native sources, be uliled to pr~vent future famines and and the Chinese women are building to maintain the cooperation of the up Association work in a marvelous existing famine relief organizations."

manner. Among the convention top- ics were considered the responsibility JAPAN-CHOSEN of Chinese women in the national life Tested by Persecution of their country, women's duty in the H E. COLEMAN, Educational Church, in industry, in education, and • Secretary for Japan for the in health and civic welfare.-The World's Sunday School Association, Continent. tells of some conditions which he The Anti-Opium Fight noted on a recent trip to the West Coast. "Ch ristian work in this section A RESOLUTION regarding the re- is very backward and the Buddhism crudescence of opium cultivation very active. We found a number and traffic in opium and morphia in of Cases of serious persecution.

China has been passed by the directors One girl we heard of was taken from ofthe London Missionary Society, and a school where she had become a Chrishas been sent to the Foreign ~ce, tian and when she refused to marry a the League of Nations, and the League non-Christian who had been aelected of Nations Union. They state that for her, she was badly beaten, taken military greed in many places in from her sick bed and banished from

MISSIONARy'RJifV'IEl"tV tiFTHE WORLb

her kome. She was helped by friends though not a Christian himself, urges and finally found safety in Tokyo. his men to make good this opportunity At Nanao, a harbor town, where an to stLldy Christianity. At a special evangelist went a few years ago, the meeting Chief Justice Watanabe people refused to sell him anything to helped in presenting the Christian eat. At present two earnest girls are message to the officials. The men, say conducting a kindeTgarten and the the missionari~s, "are allowed to leave little preaching place and kindergar- their officer; early to study the religion ten where I gave my lecture on Sun- which some people in America believe day-school work was well filled. The the- Government is trying to stamp missionary in charge said it was the out. "

largest gathering he had seen there for a long time. 'I.'hose who become Chris- Rules for Mission Schools T tians under such hard circumstances HE significance for mission schools of the latest educational ruling by generally become good ones."

Work for Lost Children the Governor General of Korea is discMsed by Rev. Alfred W. Wasson B OTH Mr. H. E. Coleman, Secre- in the K orea Mission Field. He says: tary for the World's Sunday "Quite a number of mission schools School Association in Japan, and Rev. anet all others posse'SSing sufficient re- Shoichi lIIUl.mura, National Secretary, sources to meet the requirements have engaged in .extensive relief work in the conformed to the government system first few days after the earthquake. already. The only important schools As soon as the first stage of relief work of high school grade remaining in the was over, the National Sunday School unclassified group are mission schools.

Association was given charge of the This point is significant. It shows the lost children, 149 of whom were cared friendly and fair attitude of the Gov- for by the loving hands of volunteer ernor-Gmeral toward mission schools.

Sunday-school teachers, students and The wording of his memorandum does others. By the middle of October all not limit its application to them, but had been returned to parents or rela- in the concrete situation which is tives but twenty-nine, and these were found in Korea today the mission quite comfortably housed in the tem- schools are the ones benefited. It is porary home that was built for them. easy to infer that it was made for the At the end of six months those re- express purpose of relieving them of maining can easily be placed in embarrassment. Schools which enjoy orphanages or homes and the work full government recognition are not will end. This six months' work will allowed to include religious instruc- cost however $5,000 and most of it is tion in the required course of study, still unprovided. There is now a fine but must give it, if at all, outside of opportunity to lead in the social and the curriculum. The new ruling pro- religious work for children in the 150 vides a way for church schools to ob- tents, secured from the American Red tain a different kind of recognition Cross, which have been erected on the which will give them unrestricted burnt church lots in twenty-five cen- liberty of re-ligious instruction, and at ters, and the National Sunday School the same time permit them to enjoy Association will lead in the work for some of the privileges of schools hav- children in this devastated area as ing full government recognition."

soon as funds are available.

Serious Floods in Korea A Police Bible Class T HE Bible class conducted for HE story of the great disaster in T police officers in the city of Seoul the news of the terrible floods which Jipan in September crowded out has been especially commended by the made the summer of 1923 memorable head of the Police Bureau, who, for the Korean pe()ple. Rev. C. A.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Clark, Presbyterian missionary, writes deep effect on the girls, because it was fromPyengyang: "The first floods the first effort and the. girls were very came along the Taitong River and hard to touch. One could hardly find swept the province and the province a less promising group among whom south of it. In Pyengyang city, 700 to hold revival meetings. Very few of houses were washed away and the the girls really knew Christ and many whole lower end of the city was under of them were not the least interested water. We opened all of the dormi- in learning of Him. One class had tories of our schools and Bible insti- threatened to strike because they had!. tute[l to the refugees. The· Govern- to study the Bible. The results were: meut opened the. town hall and the all the more wonderful because of public schools, and still great numbers this spirit of antagonism which had had to camp out everywhere on the to be overcome." ground in open spots. This was hardly past when a similar flood came on Progress in Formosa the Ya1u and swept the country on both sides of that river. Then came THE churches established in Fora great tidal W3ye all along the west- mosa by the English and Canadian ern coast from Chemulpo to the Yalu. Presbyterians have the custom of tak- '1'he area covered by these variou;,; ing a census every ·five years. Such floods was fully one third of all Korea, a census, taken a few months ago, and even outside of that district, mil- shows an increase in the number of lions of dollars worth of rice fields adherents from 28,507 in. 1918 to 29,- with the rice almost ready for harvest 560 in 1923. The term" adherents" were broken down or covered with has not been carefully defined. In sand and stones. I have been out in some places, the figures returned my country district this fall 'and have showed those who were baptized and seel1 great stretchEs of beautiful rice those who were applicants for bapland which this year will not yield a tism, omitting unbaptized children of grain of food." Christians and new adherents. Re- ports were received from 152 churches Revival among School Girls and chapels. The total population of Formosa is 3,614,278. The churches AT the time of the prayer retreat of these fcw mi'lsions form a united held at the Seoul Evangelistic Chinese Church. The only other Prot- Center last spring one of the women estant missionaries that work in the said, "This ancient house is shedding Island are those of the Japanese tears of repentance. This house, which Church working among their own was the home of the king's concubine, people. The number of Japanese is now becoming a power for good." Christians in Formosa is not included "If this were true then," wTites Miss in the above. Marion E. Hartness in the Korea Mission Field, "it was much more so at SIAM AND MALAYSIA the time of the revival meetings at the Center earlv in June. This was in- Siamese Christian Boys deed a time ·of repentance and turning to God such as the most hopeful of I N the Bangkok Christian Oollege the workers at the CenteT had not the Bible is taught in all the had the faith to expect. It was hoped classes each day. It is an inspiration that this series of revival meetings to see five hundred boys gather at conducted by Rev. L. C. Brannan, of chapel hour to sillg the gospel message Choonchun, might be the entering of Christ, and then listen while the wedge for personal work and for later Christian Siamese teachers in turn fruitful efforts in leading the young read and explain the Scriptures. A women in the girls' scnool to Christ. few year::; ago, a Christian Endeavor It was not expected that this first at- Society was organized. Its present tempt would have any widespread or membership is 160. There is also a temperance society, with forty-five

members, who have pledged them- in England to address an earnest apselves to abstain from intoxicants, peal immediately to their own misbetel nut, opium and tobacco. Such sionary soeiety to take prompt steps an organization is greatly needed to ensure that this proposal is not among this people, where children carried out." who can hardly walk are seen chewing betel nut and smoking cheap ciga- Christ and India's Ideals rettes. The Christian boys, of their own accord about one year ago, organ- REV. w. E. TOMLINSON writes ized a Morning Watch. Each morn- in East and West: "In our atlng, between six and seven, they tempt in Mysore to show that Jesus is gather for a little service of song, the Saviour for whom India waits, we rcading of the Scriptures and prayer. have remembered some of the great The attendance varies from ten to type!:! of Indian religious experience, thirty each morning. and have- sought to lead the people to draw the conclusion for themselves "A Menace to Islam." that He fulfills every type. For ex- ample, he is the supreme sadhu, pos- The Muslim, a Moslem paper pub- sessing everyone of the six marks of lished in Singapore, caUs attention, in the Indian sadhu-quietness, peace, its September, 1923, number, to the forbearance, and the re'8t. Again, He "menace" of The Moslem World is the gurlt, manifesting supremely the Quarterly in its influence on Mos- foul' characteristic Indian marks of lems. The· Singapore editor claims the authority of the teacher – that that all true Moslems are true Chris- he should know his subject; that he tians since they accept" the prophet- should be able to teach it; that he hood and divine messengership of should live as he has taught; and that Jesus." He fears, however, the effect he should be able to make his teachof establishing Christian schools and ing universal and world-wide. How hospitals and of distributing Chris- perfectly Christ fulfils this Indian tian literature. anticipatioll of the parama,guru, the supreme world-teacher! Then he is INDIA AND BURMA the maharishi, or great seer, living on earth, but with treasure and heart hid No Nautch Girls tor London in heaven, surrounded by the many and the phc·nomenal, but absorbed in NEWSPAPER reports of the Em- the one and the real, enduring as see- pire Exhibition in London did ing the invisible, the seer supreme. not refer, one way or the other, to the And in the world of men and things presence of nautch girls from India, Jesus is dharn<araja, king of truth, but the following quotation from the dying rather than make compromise Dnyanodaya illustrates the position with evil. Small wonder that when taken by the Christian press in India the faets of the life of Jesus are on the moral question involved: "We preached to Indians thus the conearnestly hope the Hindt. of Madras fession invariably follows: •If we has adequate authority for the state- could see a sadhu, a guru, a rishi, a ment 'that the Government of Madras king of truth like this, it would be have decided against entertaining so just as though we had seen God!' " discreditable a proposal as that of -Record of Christian Wark. Rending a party of nautch girls to the Empire Exhibition' in London. If a Bombay Vigilance Association famous English dancer booked for dancing in India ·could be forbidden a THE Bombay Vigilance Committee few years ago because of the slur it has been reorganized into a larger would cast on English people, a sim- and more influential body called the ilar principle should be applied in the Bombay Vigilance Association, with case of Indian dancers. We therefore the following objects: appeal to every reader of these lines

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

To secure recognition of the prin- Trouble .on Afghan Border ciple that the moral law is the same for men and women; to suppreSB and ACCORDING to reports received prevent the traffic in Wlomen and girls late in December from both and the outrage, corruption, abduc- J.Jondon and Allahabad, the turbulent tion and prostitution of persons under northwest frontier of India is again eighteen; to dew-escue and vigilance causing apprehension to the British work in ge'neral; to see that the pro- Government, the result of strained revisions of the Indian Penal Code and lations with Afghanistan. For several the Prevention of Prostitution Act of weeks the British have been exerting 1923 are efficiently carried out; to pressure upon the Afghan Governprevent the publication and sale of in- ment in order to bring about the decent and obscene pictures, books and punishment of the fanatical bandits papers, and of objectionable advertise- responsible for a series of murders of ments, cinema films and theatrical British officers and women at widely performances; and to carry out active separated outposts along the frontier propaganda work for the ultimate and during the last year. Three of the complete abolition of brothels. The victims have been women, and the objects of the Association are to be public, both in India and England, is carried out by all or any of the fol- incensed against the outrages, which lowing means: the initiation, promo- have gone unpunished. Although the tion, and securing amendment, of the crimes are not directly traceable to laws of legislative and local bodies Afghan government agents, the destouching any of the matters covered peradoes who raided the British side by the objects of the Association; the of the frontier have taken refuge in initiation and conducting of any legal Afghan territory and have even been proceedings; the educating of public welcomed and sheltered at the capital, opinion by the holding of public meet- the Moslem inhabitants there, accordings, dissemination of literature and ing to reports received by the British, any other means. being ready to pay tribute to anybody who takes the life of a Christian. Many Seeret Believers THE NEAR EAST REV. JOHN E. ROSS, missionary of the Presbyterian Church in The Saviour He Needed the U. S. A. in the Punjab, writes: "The mass movement in India has REV. W. M. MILLER, American been among the outcastes, but there Presbyterian m iss ion a r y in is a mass movement of interest in Meshed, Persia, tells the story of a Christianity going on in India today Moslem physician who came of his among high caste. people; not many own accord to inquire about Chrisof these have confessed Christ openly, tianity: "We talked a little while. but the dav is not far distant when and I sent him to his home to com~ Hindus in "great numbers will do so. pare St..,Tohn with the Koran and see Although not many students in mis- where the promise of a Saviour could sion high schools have become Chris- be found. That evening and again the tians, yet these students from mission next day hB' returned, saying that the colleges and schools in Saharanpur, more he read the Bible the more confmd in fact all over India are invari- vinced he was that Jesus Christ was ably friendly to Christianity and the Saviour of all men and that after many of them are secret believers. Him there was no prophet. 'But These institutions are second to none why,' he asked, 'why did Mohammed as agencies of evangelization. The tell such a lie in claiming to be the students are increasing interest in successor of Jesus? and if Islam was Christianity and some day, when the false how could it have succeeded as movement ripens, these will be among it has done~' Vve tried to answer him, the first to become Christians." but he fought hard against accepting Christianity and we saw that only the

Spirit of God could give him that plaid of white, black and pink. The peace of heart which he wanted. Next girls are v('ry proud of these simple morning before breakfast he knocked dresses and their modish American at our gate and his glowing face told cut, although they fully appreciate the story. 'My heart is all at peace that they represt'nt responsibility and now,' he exclaimed, 'be·fore I went to sleep last night I asked God to give • that they symbolize service to others. me a dream that would show me who my Saviour is, and in my dreams I What Counts in Persia thought I was sick, and I saw a young man with radiant countenance coming APRESBYTERIAN missionary in to me and saying, "I am the one you Teheran, Persia, writes: " A asked for." "But I did not send for mollah, a Hindu converted in Burma, you, " I replied. "Have you .for- an Arab who is through with Islam, a gotten 1" he said, "I am the SavlOur man in high office in the Persian you asked for be·fore you went to army, a young Mohammedan and a sleep." I rose to go to Him and awoke Jew are- among the present-day infrom sleep. But now I know that quirers. Christians and inquirers Jesus is my Saviour and He is alive from other places are also in eviforever and ever.' " dence. " Another, in Ramadan, says: "Work for Moslems is what is going Orphans Govern Themselves to count for the salvation of Persia. When a man who was once a Moslem A N exp~rime-nt in self-government can go to his fellow and say, 'Yes, I among 500 girls at J uniyeh or- was once like you are now, but I have phanage in Syria is· meeting with found there was nothing in it, and great success, according to Miss Kath- now for ten years I have bee-n a Chriserine Ogden Fletche-r of Amherst, tian and find it gives complete satis- Mass., recently returned from four faction,' it will have a far greater inyears' overseas service. The girls are- fluence than for an Armenian or an divided into groups of forty with a Assyrian against whom the Moslem leader, each group in turn having a has a prejudice to begin with, to try "faculty advisor" among the adult to urge him to embrace Christianity." personnel of the orphanage. This advisor is "drawn" in order that there Turks Close Aintab Hospital may be no partiality in the system. The group of forty is divided into I T was reported by the Missionary four groups of ten each, each of these Herald in Decembe-r that Dr. groups choosing a representative from IJorrin Shepard, of Aintab, had been among their number. All grievances ordered to give up practicing mediare settled in the small group if pos- cine and surgery in Turkey, and that sible; if this is impossible they are the hospital had been closed by the laid before the leader of the large Government. He and Dr. Caroline group. If the matter under discus- Hamilton had been doing a great and sion is too serious for settle-ment increasingly popular service for the among the girls themselves, the help Turks at Aintab since the reopening of the advisor is sought. All matters of the hospital in the fall of 1922. of general interest are discussed in meetings of group leaders, and as- Dr. Shepard has never been persemblies of group leaders and ad- mitted to take examinations in order visors determine- general policies. to secure a license to practice in Group leaders hold office for six Turkey because of the present policy months, and are distinguished by of the Turks to prevent all foreign wearing a simple gingham dress, cut doctors from entering the country. by American pattern, of a uniform Those formerly licensed will continue design and color sche-me – a small in their practice, and perhaps in time the restriction against others may be removed. '1'0 this policy the Board must submit, although it is a serious

1924J NEWS PROM MANY LANDS

restriction upon its medical work. The Zionists every month, and their num- closing of the hospital, howeyer, is a bers are bound to increase. These yery different matter. For nearly H a,znfz'/:Crn or 'pioneers,' as they are fifty years it has served all the people called, many of whom are young men of Turkey and has been fully recog- and women of high education, are nized by each succeeding government. great idealists, and enthusiasts, who It is clearly covered by the terms of are ready to endure aU sorts of pri- the agreement reached at Lausanne vations in order to build up the Jew- between the United States and ish 'National Home.' They are from Turkey. aU accounts very accessible to the The State Department at Washing- Gospel, especially when brought to them hy Ifebrew Christians, and are ton is taking up the question of the eagerly reading the New Testament. .. closed hospital and expects to secure The British Society has recently deits reopening. Many local difficulties veloped an important work in Haifa, are created by ignorant officials, living which is destined to be the chief port remote from Constantinople. of Palestine, and the place where French Rule in Syria most of the Hal'lttzim are landed on their first arrivaL" REV. GEORGE A. FORD, D.D., Amel'ican Presbyterian mission- AFRICA ary in Syria since 1880, writes of A Leader of Modern Egypt present-day c@nditions there: T "Hopes are high for the future of HE Field Secretary for Egypt of the World's Sunday School Assothe missionary work in Syria, especially for the Moslem branch of ciation is Sheikh Metry S. Dewairy.

it, now that the administration is free He has earned this title of "Sheikh"

from Moslem domination. Earnest by his election as an elder in the seekers must still face the fanaticism Evangelical Church of IEgypt. In of their relatives and friends, who are Al'abic-speaking countries the usual greatly stirred and enraged that Mos- meaning of "Sheikh" is village chief, lem overlordship in that part of but it is also used as a title of respect Islamic territory is replaced by Chris- toward older members of the clan or tian. I am confident that this bitter- tribe. MI'. Dewairy is a man of many ness will pass gradually and that the actiyities, but he has touched the Mohammedans will grow more and greatest number of lives through the more accessible to the Gospel."-,- thirty books he has translated from Presbyterian _71'1agazine. English into Arabic. He serves also as an editor of two United Presbyter- Enlarged Work in Palestine ian religious weeklies. One of these is AN arrangement for joint work in for children and young people, and Palestine has been made between both publish Sunday-school articles. the Hebl'ew Christian Testimony to The force of his personality is felt Israel and the British Society for the throughout the country as a Sunday- Propagation of the Gospel among the school organizer for local, provincial Jews. Rev. David Baron, of the first- and national conference'S. He haR named organization, writes of present also been very effective as the organ- izer and the first General Secretary conditions in Palestine: "Although the stream of Jewish of the Laymen's Movement in Egypt.

immigration into Palestine is at pres- ent not at all so large as the Balfour Unreached African Tribes C Declaration and the Mandate had led F. BEITZEL, of the Sudan In- • terior Mission, writes in themany to expect, still about] ,000 J ewish young men and women of the best Et'angelical Christian and Mis'sionary type of manhood and womanhood are Witness of the present struggle be- being brought into the land by the tween Islam and Christianity for the

native African, a conflict which he Friendly Sudanese Chiefs says will be fought to its climax in the Sudan, and then goes on to say of his I N a recent letter from a medical own work: "The very province we missionary of the Church Missionare living in is calle'll Ba,u,chi (slav- ary Society stationed at Omdurman, ery). The mountains around are full in the Northern Sudan, the following of ruins and tiny farms among the striking passage appeared: "The inrocks where these Jarawas took creasing tolerance of the people is refuge. Miles of stone fences can be remarkable. There is a marked tendseen which fortified these people ency among Moslem sheikhs and reagainst the horsemen. This Jarawa ligious leadeTs to discuss Christian tribe of many thousand are among the doctrines openly and to call in for few neveT conquered. They have had friendly talks. They are difficult to a great hatred for the Moslem and convince, of course, and often do not only a few have as yet accepted their want to be convinced … but the cultireligion. This is a miracle, since they vation of the friendship of the reare practically surrounded by Mos- ligious leaders does much to encourage lems, north, east and west. How for- t.he ordinary people … and it also retunate that we came heTe though it is moves suspicion. " the eleventh hour! They are hard pressed to become Moslems, but now Regions Beyond in Uganda t.hey are going to hear of Christ first. Farther mLst is another large pagan THE Bukedi Country of the Uganda tribe, the Tangali. We have six work- Protectorate was first occupied by ers the're. So that here is the real agents of the Church Missionary Sobattle line and the eleventh hour." ciety in the year 1900. Now the op- portunity of advancing into the Algerian Mission Band adjoining territory of Karamoja is presented, the British Government MISS 1. I1ILIAS TROTTER and having given the necessary permission. 'l'he people of Karamoja are a nomad 1. Miss Harworth, two English tribe; raids are frequent, and life is ladies, who landed in Algiers in 1888, hf'ld cheaper than booty. A worker were joined two years later by Miss in Bukedi writes that while there is Freeman and labored to spread the s.till· much waiting to be done in Gospel among Moslems. From one Bukedi, it is not possible to ignore the small station the work grew and they regions beyond: the Gospel will be went to many different places, even the best means of civilizing the peofar down into the Desert. In 1907 ple, and it is a matter for thankfultwo Sundav-school steamers en route ness that the door is now open for to the Wo;ld's Sunday School Con- Bukedi Christians to become missionvention in Rome stopped at Algiers aries to their neighbors. and eighty of the number visited this mission. A band of women on ship- Chnrch Union in East Africa board was organized as the Algerian Mission Band, under the care of the AT a conference of the" Alliance of W orId 's Sunday School Association. Missionary Societies" held at Since 1907 the work has grown rapidly Kikuyu, Bast Africa, the following in North Africa, new stations have resolution was adopted: been opened and the Gospel has been taken far into Algiers. Boys and girls " As a definite step in the direction have been taught, Christian literature of forming a United Church in Kenya printed, new workers added to the Colony, the Conference would urge force; there are native Christian that at future ordinations of African homes won and the end is not yet. ministers, the various churches accept- On many sides doors are opening and ing the basis of the Alliance should be there is a great need of additional represented by those authorized to funds and helpers. ordain in the various churches, who should participate in the actual or-

1924J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

dination, so that all African ministers reported a deficit and stated that un- so ordained would be fully recognized less a permanent increase of annual as ministers in aU the churches con- income of £20,000 is secured, retrench- cerned. They earnestly appeal to ment will be absolutely necessary.

their home churches to sanction such The women of the Church came to the an arrangement as early as possible." rescue, as has so often happened in As Dr.•J. N. Ogilvie points out in this country,. Their action ,is de- Life and Work, the suggestion prac- scribed in characteristically British tically is that a common ministry fashion as follows: " The Women's should precede a United Church, and Foreign Mission Committee forwarded that this common ministry be secured a spontaneous suggestion that, subject by a common ordination service. The to the conrurrence of their Presby- ministers thus ordained would be terial Committees, there should be a neither Episcopal nor Presbyterian Joint Effort in 1924 to ensure an in- nor Congregational but all three; and come on a permanently increased ministers of the Church of Christ in scale, the total amount received from Kenya.-South African Outlook. congregational contributions and from donations to be divided between the Prohibition for Rhodesia two committees in a fixed proportion SOUTHERN RHODESIA, the new- mutually agreed upon." est member of the British Empire, is "headed straight for prohibition" Czecho-Slovakian Congress in the opinion of W. E. (" Pussy- SEYER~~ thousand Protestants of foot") Johnson, who has recently con- . the new republic of Czecho-Sloducted a campaign there. He says: "On October 1st she inaugurated her vakia met recently at Constance in a new 'responsible government' and congress. The felIo,wsmp of the ocstarted out for herself. And almost casion was so joyous and spontaneous immediately, she also launched a that it was decided to hold a similar lively campaign for local option. meeting in five years in which the Slovaks will be hosts. It was unanI- Rhodesia starts off with complete woman's suffrage and one woman is mously determined that a Protestant already a member of the temporary church federation embraCIng the evanlegislative council. This is one reason gelical churche~ of the whole republic why the drys are so confident. .. Sell- should be immediately formed. The ing liquor to natives or Indians is congress was received by the president prohibited under a penalty of £500 of the republic with honors. The folfine or six months' imprisonment for lowing description of the proceedings the first offense and a year's imprison- is of interest: "The congress con- ducted a theological (scientific and ment for the second offense. The practical) course of lectures given by results of prohibition of liquor to na- the professors of the Hus theological tives are so satisfactory that the demand is vociferous to extend the same faculty of Prague and the t.heological pmtecbon to the white population, academy of Bratislava and some of many of whom need it much more the leading men in the Church under than do the natives." the auspices of the John Hus theo- logical faculty.' '-Christia.n Century.

EUROPE Good Books Needed in Bulgaria Scotch Missionary Finances REV. PAUL L. MI8HKOFF, a representative in Bulgaria of LIKE some of the mission boards in the Russia Evangelization Society, the United States, British mis- writes, in appealing for funds to desionary societies are reporting finan- velop colportage work: "It is imposcial difficulties. The Foreign Mission sible to form any right conception of Committee of the United Free Church the immense quantities of pernicious of Scotland, at its November meeting,

literature that are circulated through- Methodists. The project of expansion out the country, doing incalculable forms a part of the post-centenary mischief to young and old in every advance movement of American Meth- class of society. The injury done to odism … Moscow is to be the center boys is terrible, demoralizing their of the more ambitious activities of minds and leading many to prison, to American Methodism in Russia. Here suicide, and even to murder. We there will be a building with complete greatly need money to pay for the equipment for church work, a night translation of good Christian books school, hostel for students, training into Bulgarian. We have not many school for ministers and a small pub- good books for the young people. They lishing plant. Petrograd, according are in grave danger of being cor- to this project, is to have a similar rupted by abundant translations from series of buildings and enterprises, the French. Another great reason for but on a smaller scale. In five other colportage work lies in the famine of cities-industrial schools will be opened, the Word of the Lord, which prevails in buildings provided by the Governthroughout the country. I believe if ment but equipped and kept in repair we have funds to distribute 20,000 by the Church. The Government also Bibles and New Testaments a general is expected to lend land for three religious awakening will take place agricultural schools, besides buildings soon. Our monthly paper, The Spir- for two deaconess hospitals. The enit1J,al Renewal, is undoubtedly doing tire project calls for an outlay of a great work: It enters villages never $270,000 in 1925 alone, with probably visited by a. preacher, and is valued sizable illcreases thereafter." Both by a multitude of Greek Orthodox evangelistic and educational work readers. Copies sent to villages are were begun by Methodists in Harbin often read aloud in the village cafes in May, 1923.

and passed from hand to hand until each probably reaches twenty peo- NORTH AMERICA Day of Prayer for Missions ple. " THE first Friday in Lent, March Among Russians in Poland 7th, is to be observed through- THE Rm;sian Missionary Society out the United States and Canada as reports thirty-four representatives the Day of Prayer for Missions. The at work under Soviet rule in Russian Council of Women for Home Missions Poland. Rev. R. Boyd Morrison says and the Federation of Woman's that in one part of the country a thou- Boards of Foreign Missions through sand people had been baptized in one a joint committee each year publish a year. It was simply marvelous, and program for this interdenominational there was no outstanding revivalist ob8ervance, the theme for this year or missioner, just the simple testimony being "The Spirit of Power." The of men whose hearts were filled with program is by Mrs. DeWitt Knox, love to Christ and the souls of the people. Missionaries are needed, who has so acceptably furnished many BibleEi are needed; a missionary told previous programs. In the five parts, him of thc village in which he lived entitled Praise, Prayer, Purpose, where there are ten families and only Practice and Power, all hymns and one Bible for them all. scripture passages are printed, so that groups not having Bibles and hymnals at the place of meeting, Methodist Plans for Russia nevertheless have the full text. Sug- gestions as to hours, leade'rs, 8peakers, PAUL PATTON FARIS describes etc., and useful information in regard in The Continent, what he calls to the Federation and Council are "an attempt to revive vital religion printed on the back. The program is in the land of the soviets" which is priced, as usual, at two cents each, "about to be launched by American $1.50 per 100.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Lutheran United Action Presbyterian Physicians' Missionary Movement." The physicians held a AT the Lutheran World Conven- special meeting at the request of Mr. tion, described in the October Charles A. Rowland, of the Executive REVIEW, a committee of six was ap- Committee of Foreign Missions of the pointed, with Dr. J. A. Morehead, of Presbyterian Church South, to hear St. Olaf College, Minnesota, as chair- reports of the work of medical misman. This group of six has met and sions in foreign lands. Letters were organized accepting the authority and read from missionaries on the field, responsibilities assigned them by the pictures were shown and addresses World Convention. Upon the basis were made, and the outcome was the of a brief confessional statement, and formation of this neW! organization. by direction of the 160 delegates from It is hoped that all the physicians of 22 countries who represented ecu- the denomination may be informed of menical Lutheranism they will deal the present needs of its medical miswith the following activities: (1) sionary work, in order that they may Relief work among Lutherans encoun- cooperate more fully with the men on tering hardships because of World the field and interest the members of War or post-war conditions. Russian their profession at home in this imreorganization and support of German porta1lt branch of missionary enterparishes and institutions are most prise. Among the points convered by prominent in this department at the the statement issued are the followpresent time. (2) Phases of foreign ing: mission operations which call for unity of policy and cooperation by all parts That the Executive CommHtee of Foreign of the Lutheran group. Several Missions at Nashville be requested to render flourishing mission fields, which Ger- every assistHnce possible to this Movement, man societies cared for in Africa, aud to assume the active reponsibility for East and Central, in India, in New bringing about closer re-lations between our Guinea, and in China now need com- medical'men at home and abroad; that anplementary or occasional support from nual meetings be held in conjunction with Ii general treasury. (3) Because pres- the Southel'll Medical Association Meeting; ent conditions indicate that there will that reports of this organization be fur· be numerous and various shiftings of nished to the secreta.ry of the Southern Med· population from Lutheran lands to ical Association and the church papers." Russia, the i .. mericas and other countries, the Executive Committee are Y. M. C. A. Budget for 1924 directed and empowered to prescribe a policy by which migrants can be ABUDGET of approximately $3,- followed by their church. (4) The 000,000 to carryon the 1924 Y. Church as a whole will be made ac- M. C. A. program was approved by quainted with movements that act the International Committee of Young against spirituality and the evangel- Men's Christian Associations of North ical faith. Lutheranism has suffered America, at its annual meeting in from matflrialism, also from political Atlantic City, N. J. Of this $900,000 and ecclesiastical combinations during will be apportioned to work in the the pa~t fifty years. Its relationships United States; $1,400,000 to Asia, to European state governments. Espe- Latin-America and Africa; and $700,- cially in Germany, have radically 000 for the European division. altered since the war. A Quiet, Effective Work Physicians Unite for Missions A LADY in Framingham, Massa- AGROlTP of physicians, attending chusetts, (Miss Elizabeth Merriam the sessions of the Southern Med- of 100 Beech Street) has hit upon a ical Association in Washington, D. C., very simple but effective method of November 12-16, organized "The evangelism with her own home as a center. She sends out circular letters to pastors' wives asking their cooper- ation in leading people to read the

Bible. Miss Merriam offers to send rather than of a great national servfree twenty-four copies of the "Gospel ice. " of John" for distribution among those who will read it, and offers' to Kentueky Women and Lynching follow this with a free copy of "The Acts" on request from any who have FOLLOWING the action against read the GospeL She has already lynching taken by the woman's broadcasted 1,500,000 copies of this se-ction of the Commission on Inter· little vestpocket edition of Bible books racial Cooperation, and reported in and 70,000 readers of " John" have the December REVIEW, groups of wom· written for copies of the "Acts." en have been organized in nearly all The enterprise costs this Christian the Southern states for cooperation worker about $6,000 a year. Her with state interracial committees and stock includes the Bible in thirty-one wih the various denominational and little volumes with eighteen maps at civic bodies in the interest of better five cents a volume. Miss Merriam race adjustments. Kentucky Wiomen, hopes that those who have read OUl) at their ~tate interracial conference, book will send for the others. issued a vigorous statement, which congratulates Kentucky on its recent Protestants and the Klan freedom from lynchings, condemns the injection of race prejudice into CONSIDERABLE space in papers political campaigns, demands a single and magazines is being given to standard of morals that will protect the activities of the Ku Klux Klan. the integrity of both races, and de- Arthur E. Holt, writing in The Amer- elares for the protection of the life ican Missionary (Congregational) , and pro.perty of all alike, and for fair says: "No one can thoughtfully con- divigion of school advantages and sider the fact that thousands of Prot- other public facilities. It was recom· estant men have been organized in the mended that in every community an hooded klan without recognizing that interracial group of women be formed there is something woefully lacking in for mutual understanding and coop- Protestantism when this can be done. eration, particularly in matters af- When one sees on the one hand the fecting the welfare of women and marvelous growth of the Rotary and children. Kiwanis Clubs and on the other a secret organization recruited largely Loyal Mexican Christians from the ranks of Protestantism all growing up alongside the Church, he ALONG the Texas-Mexico border the is compelled to admit that the Protest- M. E. Church South is carrying ant churches and the Protestant min- on a successful mission, of which the isters have failed in the organization Home Secretary, Dr. R. L. RUBsell, of these men for constructive pur- reports: "I was much encouraged poses. '1'here is one clear and certain with the fine spirit manifest on the message growing out of the Ku Klux part of the Mexican Christians. Our agitation upon which all of us ought work has grown so rapidly there in to agree. There should come into the the last three years that it is imposfield an organization of Protestant sible for us, with the present income men whose activities and purposes of the Home Department, and the should be constructive, tolerant and number of workers we have, to take true to the traditions of Protestant. care of them. The pastoral charges ism. We need a new and construc- have increased fifty per cent in the tively militant type of Protestant last two years, and there has been a churchmanship. It has been the large increase in membership for the neglect of this which has caused the last three years. The Mexicans are present situation. Protestant men are moving into Texas in large numbers organizing on the basis of a prejudice and are not confining themselves to the border, but are reaching the cities.

1924J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

This Mission has taken care of its New Church Members in Brazil Centenary quota and, in order to release money from the appropriations REV. H. 1. I,EHMAN, evangelistic from the Board to take care of new missionary of the M. E. Church work, the Conference voted unani- South in Santo Angelo, Brazil, a new mously to continue paying their Centenary money and use it in taking station opened in the Centenary camcare of the new work, each preacher paign, reports on spiritual progress voting to reduce his appropriation to in the churches under his care: "Durthe amount of the Centenary money ing the last five months, in wihich I which his charge had been paying. conducted meetings of one week each They have both faith and courage. in Sao Lucas, Palmeira and Sao Luiz, The new building for the Wesleyan Institute, San Antonio, is nearing besides helping in two other cam- paigns and the work in my own ciras completion, and is a joy to the work- cuit, there have been 270 people who came to the altar in response to the ers. Some fine young preachers invitation to accept Christ as their as we have in our Church are being turned out by this Mexican schooL" Sreasvpioonudr~din addition to the sixty who to the calf" here in Santo LATIN AMERICA Angelo during the week that Brother Neglected Indians of Mexico 'ferrell of the Porto Alegre College REV. L. L. I1E.GTERS, Field Sec- retary of the Pioneer Mission preached for us. If the proportion of Agency, has recently published a small pamphlet on the Indians of Mexico as those who were really converted should a result of his study on the field. be as large as when Jesus cured the This investigation shows that among ten lepers there ought to be more than the 10,000,000 Indians in Mexico, thirty who will join the church." there is one tribe of over 500,000; three tribes between 200,000 and 300,- ISLANDS OF THE SEA 000; one tribe of more than 150,000, but less than 200,000; there are Australian Church Growth seventeen other tribes having over 20,000; five tribes having between THE census of the Co.mmonwea~th 10,000 and 20,000; six tribes between of Australia, taken 1Il 1921, lll- 5,000 and 10,000 and seven tribes hav- eludes religious statistics, and shows ing less than 1,000. Many of these some remarkable changes. The Indians do not speak Spanish but Anglicans have always been the only their native Indian vernacular. largest body, not only in the Common- While some of the tribes are in terri- wealth but in each of the six states of tory aAsignedto the various Protes- which it is composed, but it appears tant Mission Boards, Mr. Legters has from the latest returns that they have discovered only two evangelical mis- increased during the ten years much sionaries in all Mexico who are work- faster than the population, while the ing among the Indians who speak only other three large bodies-the Roman their own vernacular. Catholics Presbyterians, and Metho- dists-while they have increased in There is immediate need of at least numbers, have decreased relatively to twenty-seven men for the tribes of the population. This is true not only over 20,000. The cost when on the in the Commonwealth as a whole but field need not be large, for living ex- in each State separately, with the one pense is low. The missionaries should exception of the Methodists in Queel!-sbe married men so that the cost would land. Thus in the' six States, of VICthen be between $100 and $200 per toria (1) , New South W ales C~l') , month. This would care for all their Queensland (3), South Australia (4!, expenses for the present. Tasmania (5), and Western AustralIa (6), while the increases of population were 16.4, 27.5, 24.8, 21.2, 11.8, 17.9, and for the whole Commonwealth 22.0 per eent respectively, the Anglicans have increased 33.0, 40.0, 46.0, 45.9,

27.0, 40.0, and 38.7 per cent re- lages. This enterprise, under the spectively. United Presbyterian Churches of America, began nearly seven decades Church Union Plan in Austra.lia ago. Hundreds of lives and millions of dollars have been invested in it. F OR many years the Methodist, The care of the body, mind, and soul Congregational and Presbyterian have been carried on together; Amerchurches in Australia have been con- ican medical care is available in two sidering action with a view to the well-appointed American hospitals at formation of a "United Church of 'ranta, which is the third city of Australia. " If the union had been Egypt, between Cairo and Alexandria, consummated, it would have resulted and at As~iut, which is the center of in a Church which would have been Middle Egypt." Mrs. Seton also an exceedingly strong factor in the Iluotes the following from a mission religious life of the Commonwealth. booklet, "America in Egypt": "The The basis which was finally evolved 172 Americans – ministers, doctors, was accepted by the Methodists and, nurses, ana teachers, and the wives of after much discussion, by the Congre- missiona.ries-are just folks, like those gationalists. The really formidable at home. 'rheir work familiarizes them opposition proved to be that of the with Real Egypt, which lies just Presbyterians, although it was the around the corner, so they become Presbyterian Church which initiated members of city councils, counselors the whole discussion. The Presby- in important civic and ecclesiastical terian opposition was critical of both t.OUI'S, preside over a college or drink the proposed polity and the proposed ciilllamon tea in the poorest home in a doctrinal schedUle, and another factor village with equal facility. There in the situation was that the stand- isn't a halo in any of the mission's ards of ordination in the Presbyterian equipment. " Church haye been, and to some extent still are, considerably higher from an Another Basis for Giving educational point of view than those enforced by the other negotiating MRS. S. is a woman of moderate churches. In view of the collapse of means-a widow with seven marorganic union, efforts are being made ried children. All of them are comto revive the idea of interdenomina- petent and self-sustaining. The entire tional cooperation, to which all parties family maintains eight motor cars. are theoretically committed. At a meeting of the National Re- GENERAL form Association, Mrs. S. heard the speaker say the people of the United Missionaries "Just Folks" States spend seven billions a year on automobiles, and heard him ask the MRS. GRACE THOMPSON SE- question: "Which is the more precious TON in her book, "A Woman to you-your motor car or the up- Tenderfoot in Egypt," calls the Unit- building of God's Kingqom?" Mrs. ed Presbyterian Mission in Egypt" a S. called all her children around the monument to the power of religion home table for the next Sabbath day and response to the Christ call, 'Go dinner, and told them: "As for me, ye into all the world and preach the I shall give twice as much to the Gospel to every creature,' " and says Church and to its agencIes as it costs of its work: "The Madrasset el-Im- to run my automobile. And I want rican (American School) is established you children to do the same. I would in 17.5 villages from the college at be ashamed to meet my Lord if my Assiut with 700 students, and the record showell that I cared more for Pressley Institute, with 400 girls, to luxurious riding on earth than I the pioneer work in mud-brick vil- cared for the eternal Gospel."

A& '=… THE MKSSIONAl~Y 1lllBHRARY ~

~ uU<i" ~ "UU'U""~ iriJij' avo "bUD ThBeyLWifeillaianmd RLaobboinrssonofWAarrcrheinb.aldlIlMusc. Le3a9n9. ~an except Alexander Campbell, the pp. St. Louis. The Bethany Press. $1.50. lounder, had so high a place of honor. Dr. McLean was too broad a man to 1923.

In September, 1921, Mr. McGavran, be confined to one bran,ch of the one of the fellow-workers of Secretary Church of Christ; and especially in McLean, wrote an excellent sketch of union and denominational executive his life for this REVIEW. Yet so wor- meetings he was an active partici- thy a missionary promoter and so pant. Wisdom was stored in his brain eminent a Christian leader demanded and t.he ~ord, so often fitly spoken, a fuller portrayal of his fruitful life. was lIke an apple of- gold in a pic- In this volume such a full-length pic- ture of silver."

ture has been drawn by another fellow He was a fertile writer in both his Disciple, who as editor of the WORLD denominational magazines, and was CALL has made a name for himself as th.e ~uthor of a number of books upon a superlative contributor to the liter- mlssIOns, the most notable of which ature- of Missions. were the history of his own Missionary From his youthful days in Prince Society and "Where the Book Edward Island this son 0:1' Scotland, Speaks." His outstanding character- one 0:1' fifteen children all of whom istics were- his modesty, strength, survived to their maturity, displayed ene~gy, lo,:e, courage, integrity and a character and energy presaging his the l!Idwel~lUg Chr~st ~hich had many effective future. As carriage builder, mamfestatlOns. Hls blographer adds: as student in Bethany College, that "The most striking fact in the life of cradle of the Disciples of Christ, as this lone man was that he was never preacher, as President of his .Alma alone; but wherever he went or tar- Mater, as Secretary and President of ried, there was the Christ, whose he the Foreign Christian Missionary So- was and whom he served, with a pure ciety, as Vice-President of the United heart fervently." H. P. B.

Christian Missionary Society, he al- The Social Revolution in Mexico. Edward ways "carried on" and frequently Alsworth R,oss. The Century Company.

"went over the top" as leader of ap- New York. 1923.

parently hopeless dashes for advanced A book from Professor E. A. Ross positions for Foreign Missions. Thir- of the University of WiscolLgin is al- ty-nine years of faithful study of mis- ways interesting. Ever since he wrote sions through books and personal visits the" Changing Chinese" the public to the fields, and his persistent em- h~s lo.oked to ~im for interesting so- phasis of the Great Cause were not in clOloglCal studles on various different vain. No man of that denomination parts of the world. Dr. Ross's latest was more widely known in his own sh~d.y is c?aracterized by his usual Church; and no other foreign mission SPlrIt of faIrness and sympathy with Secretary has been privileged to com- those.about whom he is writing. .

mission e·very missionary sent out in Thls book, ho,,:ever, is not up to a thirty-nine years-more than four careful study whlCh we would like to times the number of Jesus' Seventy. have seen Dr. Ross make of the com- In the denominational conferences plex situation as it appears after and conventions of the Disciples he twelve years of social and political was most prominent and influential; revolutio~ .. This is n?t to say how- and among his fellow believers, no ever that It lS not both mteresting and 157

valuable reading. Students of Mexico Men, Maidens and Mantillas. Stella Burke May. The Century Co. New York. 362 will not find anything particularly pp. Price $3.50.

new in the book but the general reader This is a Latin American travel who wants to know something of what book, mostly about people, especially all the past decade of turmoil in about women. Except as background Mexico has meant will find this book it does not deal with the glory of the enlightening. Andes, the melancholy of the Atacam- rna desert or the vastness of the Ar- The most important chapters treat of "The Mexican People," "The gentine campo. Those readers who go with the author to visit the Women '8 Sickness of Mexico, " "Politics, "

"Land Reform," "The Labor Move- Club of Santiago, the Women's Labor ment," "The Church," "Public Edu- Organization of Peru, or the League cation. " for the Emaucipation of Brazilian The following paragraphs gives Women, will get a hint of the chang- some or the most interesting views of ing woman of Latin America.

Professor Ross concerning education. "Men, Maidens and Mantillas" was He says: "As one goes about visiting written after over a year's travel in public elementary schools, the eye Latin America, the author stopping in lights on much that is depressing. the more important countries to live Rooms ill lighted, tiled floor broken awhile and mix with the people. She met the wives of the presidents, enterand full of holes, bare splotched walls, poor blackboards, no charts or teach- tained and was entertained, and was ing apparatus, three children crowded always eager to see all levels of the into old-fashioned seats meant for two, various people. s. G, I.

no playgrounds save the diminutive paved patio, from forty to sixty pupils World Service of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Illus. Large 8vo. Edited by to a teacher, exercises disturbed by Ralph E. Diffendorfer. 704 Pl'. Com- mittee on Cons81·vation. Chicago. 1923. noises from the narrow dark street! The forward movement of Meth- As I witnessed children cooped up in odism throughout the world is out- lined in an unusual volume issued by such cheerless rooms, ruining their the committee on conservation and eye-sight poring ove'r books in t~e control, cooperating with the denom- inational Council of Boards of Benevsemi-darkness, I wondered whether It oleure of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Pointed and enthusiastic would not be better to let them play statements concerning the opportunity of American Methodists to serve the all dav out on the hillside in the sun, peoples of the world-facts illustrated by numerous photographs, maps and even thongh they grew up illiterate. charts fill these seven hundred pages. The book is designed primarily as a At least thev might grow up strong textbook for nearly 4,000,000 Meth- odist members in preparation for their and we,Ii, which they can never do in "world service program" of the next ten years or more. It is, however, of such quarters. interest and value to all Christians as an example of what one branch of the "As one passes from such a school Church is doing and: of its vision and program. " The World Service" now to an American mission school with is in its fifth printing, totaling 250,000 skylights, bright picture-hung walls, copies. The demand for it is so ex- tensive that another addition of 250,- fine blackboards, gay charts, good 000 is to be published. The aim is to put it into every Methodist home. wooden floors, one desk to a child, and only twenty or thirty children to a teacher it is borne in upon one what a service the missions are rendering in holding before the Mexican masses an example of what a school should be."

Professor Ross's general conclusion is that the Mexicans are not quite as wide-awake as some others but that they can make good if given a chance.

Such a chance they have never had up to the present time. s. G. I. Study Bible Now!

Better Than College Course William Lyon Phelps, A. M., Ph. D., professor of English language and literature at Yale University, says: "I thorou.qhly believe in a universihJ education for both men and women; but I believe a knowledge of the Bible witho~<t a college course is more valuable than a college course without the Bible.

"Everyone who has a thorough knowledge of the BiMe may trul}! be called educated; and no other learn- ing or culture, no matter how extensive or elegant, can form a proper substitute."

And PRESIDENT HARDING said: President Warren G. Harding "I have always believed in the inspiration of the Holy Scriptures, whereby they have become the expression to man of the Word and will of God."

The Correspondence method of Bible study is the best method for securing a thorough knowledge of tha. Bible-better than any oral teaching can possibly be. More than 7,000 persons of 40 different occupations are now enrolled in one or more of the Moody Bible Institute's Correspondence. Courses studying the inspired Revelation under the directIon of eminent, Spirit-filled, Bible scholars. To really know the Bible is an education out of which springs the fullest and best development of one's powers in any vocation. This marvelous }look has moulded earth's loftiest characters. It meets man's deepest needs. It charts the only path to real and lasting success. Dig in it as for gold and you will secure treasure of value and extent beyond any calculation. Letters of warmest appreciation are constantly received from students and grad- uates. For example: "It has never been my privilege to be "I finiShed the Scofield Bible Course about fascinated with Bible study as I am with this course." three years ago. It has been of greater value to me than any other training I have ever "I have come to know the Bible in an entirely new light. The Old Testament is had, though I spent four years in college." now intensely interesting." A Clergyman says: "I often mention in "The benefits I have received from the my sermons that a Correspondence Course Synthetic Course are beyond estimate and above price." from the Moody Bible Institute has been of No matter what your occupation you can far g-reater value to me than all of my Bible study the Bible by correspondence. These and theologicnl work in college." courses open a new world to you-broaden your Vision, develop your understanding, answer Enroll Now! ~ou will be a personal pupilyour questions, help solve your perplexities, tIme, place and amount of give comiOTt and encouragement. stucIy under your own control. The prices are below cost-these courses are not sold for pront. We Offer Eight Courses by Mail There is no better time to start than NOW. SemI the 'coupon at once for Free Prospectus Synthetic Bible Study; Scofield Bible Course; Practical Christian Work ; Bible r—— ileserib'ng our eight Courses in detail. Doctrine; Bible Chapter Summary; Intro- Mail the Coupon Toda'Y""—-… ductory Bible Course; Evangelism; Christian Evidences. THE MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE Dept. 5782, 153 Institnte PI., Chicago, Ill. The MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE Send me your prospectus giving complete Dept. 5782, 153 Institute Place information regarding your eight COurses in Correspondence Bible Study.

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Please mentioD THE M1SSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. FOREIGN MISSION BOARDS AND be held February 21, 1924, itt the con- ference room on the eighth floor of 156 THE REVIEW Fifth Avenue, New York City at 3 P. M. Dr. Robert E. Speer will pre- The Foreign Missions Conference of side and reports will be' given as to North America at its meeting in At- the progress of the REVIEW and as lantic City received the report of its to the present situation in the home committee on the MISSIONARY REVIEW and foreign fields. Directors will be OF THE 1,VORLD and again adopted reso- elected for the coming year.

lutions in favor of continued coopera- Friends of the REVIEW and of Christion between the Mission Boards and tian missions throughout the world the REVIEW. Their resolutions unani- are cordially invited to be present.

mously adopted are as follows: DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary. "1. That the Conference express NEW BOORS again its conviction as to the unique value of the REVIEW to the mission- Twelve Tests of Character. Harry Emerson ary cause and urge the Board to Fosdick. 213 pp. $1.50. Association cooperate still more effectively by fi- Press. New York. 1923. nancial appropriations, by helping to increase the circulation and by fur- Nineteenth Century Evolntion and After. nishing denominational missionary Marshall Dawson. 145 pp. $1.50. Mac· news. millan Co. New York. 1923.

" 2. We recommend that the Boards Five Hundred Bible Readings. Sixth earnestly cooperate with the manage- Edition. F. E. Marsh. 366 pp. 48 6d. ment of the 'REVIEW in the effort to Pickering & Inglis. Glasgow. 1923. find some practical plan whereby the REVIEW may be accessible to all of Race l'roblems in the New Africa. W. C. their missionaries, to their pastors, and Willonghby. 294 pp. 15… Oxford Uniat least to the leaders in missionary versity Pwss. London. 1923. societies and study classes in their home churches. Nyilak and Other African Sketches. Mabel Easton. 95 pp. $1.00. Fleming H. "Respectfully submitted, Revell Co. New York. 1923.

"HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY Apolo of the Pygmy Forest. A. B. Lloyd. 62 pp. 18. Church Missionary Society. "ENOCH F. BELL ARTLEY B. PARSON London. 1923.

"JAMES R. JOY MILLS J. TAYLOR Frontier Spirit in American Christianity. Peter G. Mode. 196 pp. $1.75. Mac- "L. B. WOLE' WILLIAM P. SCHELL millan Co. New York. 1923.

, , Cha~rman. ' ) World Service of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Ralph E. Diffendorfer, Editor. The Nominating Committee of the 704 pp. Committee on Conservation and Conference appointed the following Advance. Chicago. 1923. committee to represent the Foreign Mission Boards on the Editorial Coun- Woman and Stewardship. Ellen Q. Pearce. cil of the REVIEW for the coming year: 67 pp. New Era Movement'. 156 Fifth Dr. Mills J. Taylor (United Presby- Avenue, New York. 1923. terian; Mrs. Henry W. Peabody (Baptist) j Rev. Enoch F. Bell (Con- Christianity and the Religions of the gregational); Dr. Paul de Schweinitz World. Albert Schweitzer. 93 pp. $1.60. (Moravian) j Mr. James R. Joy George II. Dorau Co. New York. 1923. (Methodist); Rev. Artley B. Parson (Protestant Episcopal); Dr. William Kingdom of God. Francis A. Wight. 256 Schell (Presbyterian). pp. $1.50. Fleming II. Revell. New York. 1923. The Home Missions Conference took similar action at its annual meeting, a Ignatius Loyola. Henry D. Sedgwick. 399 report of which will appear in ou'l:' pp. $3.00. Macmillan Co. New York. 1923. March numbeT. Conservatism, Radicalism and Scienti:flc Annual Meeting of the Review MethOd. A. B. Wolfe. 333 pp. $3.50. Macmillan Co. New York. 1923. The annual meeting of the Missionary Review Publishing Company will Let Us Go On. W. H. Griffith-Thomas. 195 pp. $1.50. Bible Institute Colportage Association. Chicago. 1923.

Davidson College. Cornelia R. Shaw. 307 pp. $1.50. Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. 1923. Chinese Recorder JOURNAL OF THE CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT IN CHINA There's No Better Place Independent Interdenominational International For a Bible- Established Fifty-four Years The oldest than in the hands of Seawell. Aims. to Interpret China of To-day as Seen Bibl,' So- The distribution of f"ee Bihles in New Intellectual Life. Social Change. and Religious cietY1Jl.7C·i:(' (in .s:{ different languages) to Movements York and sailors from all nations who comc Original Article. hy Chine.e Writers the only or· into our harbm', is a most effe('- tive Wa y to introd lIce the 'V ord .A Necessity ta Lihrarin and those Concerned ~'ith gB1t!~atloll of God 'into many places where the Needs and Aspirations of Changing China ~//zatd,.drib­ it is needed. Each month oycr 8,000 Bibles are distributed to PuBLISHED rvIONTHLy-Each issue contains at tltes Bibles seamen. 1east sixty-four pages. free in the Cit)' aJld Your donation can do untold SUBSCRIPTION- United Stat~s and Canada, good in aiding this "'ork, and $3. 00 gold. "arbor of throul'-'h the annuity plan will New .york. provide an absolutely safe inycst- CHINESE RECORDER ment for you with a high rate of interest. 5 Quin.an Gardens. Shanghai Write For booklet 7 Sample copy sent on request.

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5 E. 48th Street New York City NEW BOOKS When Black Meets WILite. John L. Rill. 14H Pl'. Argyle Publishers. G'hicago. The Call of China's 'Great Northwest. 1Irs. 1922. Howard Taylor. 215 pp. 3s Hd. China Inland ;lIission. London. 1923. Our Neighbors. Aunie lf. ;lIacLean. 288 Pl" :~1.75. ::Iacmillan Co. ~ew York. William Carey, S. Pearce Carey. 413 pp. 1922. $0.50. George H. Doran Co. Xew York. 1923. Missions of the Evangelical Church – Annual Report, 1922-23, Eclitetl by G. The Winning of the Far East. Sidney L. E. Epp and B. II. Xiebel. 230 pp. Gulick. 1b3 Pl'. $1.3". George H. Doran Missionary ::Sode!y of the Eyangelieal Co. KelV York. 1923. Church. Clevelall[l. 1923.

Beginning Again at Ararat. ;lIabel E. llig Mark. Anna:L.Tohannsen, 102 pp. I1IioH. 341 pp. $2.011. Fl(,lI1ing H. 2,.. China Inlancl :lIissian. Lonclon. 1923. Revell Co. New York. 19~4. Maryknoll Mission Letters, China. Vol. 1. Nyasa, the Great Water. 'Vm. P. Johnson. 359 ['p. $3.00. J'lInclllillall Co. ~ew 2110 liP. $2.511. Oxford (Tnin'l'sity Press. York. 1923. Kew York. 1922. The New World of Labor. Sherwood Eddy. The High Way. Carolille Ahnter "1as011. 216 pp. $1.,,0. George H. Doran Co. 382 pp. 42.00. Fleming H. Revell Co. Kew York. 1923. New York. 1923. Why God Used D. L. Moody. R. A. TOlTey. Hawaiian Historical Legends. W. D. ;'9 pp. 35 centRo Fleming H. Revell Go. Wcsteryelt. 215 pp. $1.50. Fleming H. Xcw York. 1923. Hevell Co. New York. 1923. The Character of Paul. Charles E. .Teffer· Missionary Diagrams and How to Make SOil. 381 pp. $2.25. "facmillan Go. Them. Edited by HUgill Martin and New York. 1923. Illustraterl by A. J. ~{elloy. 62 pp. 18 6el. Unit·erl Coundl for' :'otissionary Famons Figures of the Old Testament. Edncation. London. 1923. William ,T. Bryan. 242 Pl'. $1.50. Flem· ing II. R,evell Co. ="ew York. 1923. Mission Methods. Carrie Lee Campbell. 65 ]Jp. $1.00. Presbyterian Board of the Orthodox Christianity vs. Modernism. Wm. South. 3910 Seminary Avenue, Richmond, Virginia. 1923. .rennings Bryan. 48 pp. 35 cents. Flem- ing H. Revell. ="ew York. ]923.

Please mention TIlE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. .

r.:sHha:: 348 roeLEi:~gT:A~ HALF

MACLAREN!S EXPOSITIONS of Holy Scripture T HIS is a set of books which, after you possess it, you will agree is worth any price ever asked for it. .Just new we have 348 sets which we secured at a :mving that We pass on to 348 prompt Missionary Review nad{'rs. These books will not merely grace your library; with your Bible and your own fundamental Imowledge of thin~s human and Divine, they will provide spiritual and mental ·foed for yourself and those Who look to you for spiritual teaching and uplift. And you may have them, if you hurry. for less than h&lt price. Examine them. They are now offered to Missionary ,ReviEw readers for the tirst time at a vrice less than half at which this monumental work has sold in its original and more bulky form.. A truly 'Wonder~ iul opportunity.

IS YO·UR WORK EFFICIENT? In these days so much emphasis Is being placed • upon the social and educational activities of Church organization that failure of the real object of the Church's mission is threatened. Safety against such a condition is provided only in the highest spiritual equi{lment of preacher and teacher. The people will foHow dl;!votion to fixed and well-established principles. The money to equip and work the machinery of an active Church will come freely from a people who C,an "give a reaE-on for the hope" that is in them.

WHO ARE THE SUCCESSFUL PREACHERS? ~;:: d:~u~ea:l'in~uc~:s~~ ful preachers who Come to your easy recoIlection. You will agree that where the preaching has been of the ~~~~~:l,~ca}o;::hs~~~~e;~PF.thB:e lt~;;r ,~eJ~ H.dJ~~:tt ~e~Y:;lln£'r ~/:fg~~;::, go::~ fJ:UP~~t~~~ost~' a~dmr!:~~~ more are conspicuous examples. Is it not notable that not one of these men depended upon so·called timely topics or essays-but rather on emphasis upon the teachings of the Word of God and the need for personal salvation?

HOW ABOUT YOUR OWN CHURCH? ioheg~if~tgn ag[iv~O~~m~~~if~n i~l:ri~ parallel lines with the theatre, the moving picture show. the lectllre platform or the concert hall; if you do you are defeated before you begin. The message and the power of the' Church are greater than anyone or all of these social forces combined. The world is hungry to·day for the Gospe1-and its need is great. The Sl1CCCSS of your Church and of every ChUl~.h is in the ("ffeeth-eness of the pulpit message-in the simple. earnest, fearless preaching and teaching of the Word of God-such preaching and teaching as Maclaren's.

Read These Sixteen Opinions of Moulders of the World's Thought Rev. J. H. Jowett, D.D., recently pas- Tl'_e Christian Advocate: It would be T1::e Record of Christian Work: Of tor Fifth Avenue :Presbyterian Church, difficult to find in equal Compas.3 so prieelf'ss v::.11}e to ministers and Bible New York: Dr. Maclaren is as dis· mu('h of sound learning and spiritual students alike. tinguished for his mastery of the ¥h!g~~tistian Wor1~: Dr: Mac]a~n's ;:r~aR~~S;~~~eI:~el~ig~~~~;i:but~Jn sr~ Bible in the original language as fot"

his marvelous oratory. work IS fresh. shmulatmg•• brlg.ht~ Biblical knowledre. Truly a monu- ReV'. Robert 8. }{~cArthur. D,D., e:llld ,?y tbe play of a fl.nn.;hfi~d lm- mental acllfererr.ent! President of Vlorld's Baptist Congress, New York: The wide circulatIOn or ~{~~:ttI~~d n~~~d;:uallY helPful,lU the The "British Weekly: Few, ~f. finy.

thef:1e volumes wHI prove a 'blessing T~:& Westmi::.~ter: 'the- ('omf)lete f"et expositors baye the same felH.'lty a~ f':-oms a comment!'ry 0'1 tbe cnti:r(> Dr. Mnelarcn in perceiying and liftto the entire Chrlsti:::n Church. :Prof. Willbm Cleaver Wilkir.son, Au- Dible that cannot be replaced by any bg into prominence the really t"flseD· thor of "Modern M:lsters of Pulpit other. tia! points.

Discourse:" Dr. MaC'l~ren~s wo""k 'I!:e Congregationalist: Fruttful and The Outlook: These volum(>F; urI:' a equals, if it do(>S not exceed in prc3- stimulating lesson"l b Iivi:-g men 3::0 t:-eusnry of thought for ull who study ent practical value to minitlters, any ~;{:;:.n. These volumes have abiding the Scriptures. single similar body of produC'tiQu e:x~ jsting' in any literature, ancient or '!~:e Presbyterian: Dr. Maclaren ex- The Bap tist Arg us: Dtrh. eMhai.lcllatorep~n, a modern. pressf'S bis tl:wugbt in sud.] eXfjl:bite CO]OR"CC:, seizes upou of The ContiILsnt: These expositions are f::t(~ ~~~u~~~e~~~g~:;r1. as to put it ~~:or~~~:~ian Index: Nowhere can the ripe fruitage of a long pulpi t life. It is a modern preaC'her's commentary. T~e B:dtimore Methodist: Spiritual there be found clearer exposition .of It is a busy student's shnrt cut to WIsdom, s(IInd and Judd eXf)u'.;itjO:l, tIle Word, O(·C'Vt'r insight into ~ts the main sriritual meanings of the Apt Bnd pidu7'(>sque iUu~tration are 8~lirit, llor ri('her clothing of lts Bible. combtned in Dr. Maclaren's wo:·k. truths in lnllguage, "'S.-s.-s-c-a-A-N-T-O-N-C-014-PA-N-Y-,- – – – – – . , THE BOOKS AND THEIR MAKING ~; ~gi~m::eafa~~ 146 Plimpton Bldg" Ha.rtford Conn, brary. Each vclumf! is G x 9 x 2 inches. ThE: set weighs 47 pounds. TlJe printing is done from the plates of the – Send me the set or Maclaren's EXJ)ositions highest-priced edition ever published, on specially-wade paper and the binding is substantial cloth; library style. of Holy Scripture in 17 volumes, for which I The tyV€ is clear and the margins liberal. The index rounds out and completes its usefulness and utilitY. It send yoI $3 herewith and $:3 each month for js indexed and cross-in<lexed, greatly facilitating the ready URe of any passage of Scripture. At less than half lJrice eight months ($27 in all) or $22 additional no minister or teacher can aHord to deny himself this work.

as pax..mcnt in full within five days I 'ret~ How to secure this great work at less than half serve tne privilege of returning the books uf former price !:~~ I$~ii.e °fn t~~: ~~~s!~t 3~o~~lU~!~ you within 5 days and you will send back my venient and equally elegant 17 volumes, you save more $3 less the return charges. tllan ene-half. To secure this set at less than ,half pri~e, fin out and mail the coupon. Name ….. .

Address

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1923

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Write for information concerning the Annuity Plan to: George M. Fowles, Treasurer, Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue. New York City. or . W. J. Elliott, Treasurer. Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Method- ist Episcopal Church. I 70 I Arch Street. Philadelphia. Pa.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review 0 f the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editol CONTENTS FOR DECEMBER, 1923 Page FRONTISPIECE ……..•………. TANElAKI HARA AND JAPANESE EX-PRISONERS EDITORIALS ……..•…………………………. _.. _…………….. . 965 A CONFERENCE FOR BETTER CITIZENSHIP THE COMING STUDENT VOLUNTEER CoNVENTION GOING FORWARD IN 'fURKEY INTERDENOMINATIONAL M,SSIONARY AGENCIES GENERAL FENG AND SOCIAL SERVICE ……. _…… By ROSALIND GOFORTH 973 A story of the remarkabie work itone by the Christw,n Chinese general among his solitiers anil their wives.

THE MISSIONARY EDUCATION OF CHILDREN ……. By SOPHIA LYON FAHS 976 liteas anil ideals in reference to the benefits anit best methods of giving chUdren practioal missionary interests.

THE RECENT PROGRESS IN SIAM …………………. By R. O. FRANKI.IN 979 Signs of development in the unilerstanding of Christianity and itevelopment im modern methods as shown in the small but progreS!rive kingdom itn Southeastern Asia.

A JAPANESE CHRISTIAN WORK AMONG PRISONERS ••.. BY TAIlCHI RARA 986 A moitern miracle of missions, working in the heart of a Japanese, and leading him to rescue criminals among his countrymen.

WHAT THE JAPANESE ARE READING . • . . . . . . . . . • . . . . By S. H. WAINRIGHT 991 The oharacturistics of the Japanese and their interests as shown in the type of literature from which they receive their education anil ideals.

OPPORTUNITY FOR CHRISTIAN EDUCA'frON IN JAPAN By C. K. LIPPARD 996 Evidences of mental hunger in Japan anil wOl){,s in which <Jh.ristian teaohers are supplying the Med.

THE WOMEN OF THE SUDAN …………… _…… By MRs. DAVID S. OYLER 999 ChOJracteristics and customs of the dark-skinneit, Mohammedan WOmen of Upper Egypt, showing their need of the Gospel.

THE STORY OF NYAKEIRU ..•……..•…….. By MRs. JOSEPHINE E. ;HOPE 1002 A girl of Bri.tish East Africa and her life before and after she came in contact with Christian missionaries.

RECENT SUNDAY-SCHOOL PROGRESS .. _……………… By W. C. PEARCE 1004 The forward m.ovements in all parts of the world since the Tokyo conve"tinn.

OUR.BROTHER, THE JEW …………•…………….. JAMES TOOKER FORD 1006 The un·Christian neglect of our Hebrew neighbors and ways in which they may be brought into touch with Christ.

BEST METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK 1009 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN . EDITED BY MES. HENEY W. PEABODY 1017 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN …… EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 1021 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ……………………..•.•..••.•.••…..•••• 1024 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARy ……………………………………… . 1039 INDEX FOR THE YEAR 1923 ………………………………………• 1045 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1923, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

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Robert E. Speer, President Willam I. Chamberlain, Vice-President Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary Walter McDougall. Treasurer Publication office, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Editorial and Business Office, 156 Fifth Avenue. Pa. 25c a copy $2.50 a year New York City Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3.. 1879. ,-ate ~out ~bri5tma5 ~lbiulJ €ount Write for 0 … Xmaa Catalogue (free) which Can You is packed full of helpful Gift Su""eationo Follow the Afford to Miss S. S. Lesson$ with our 1924 QCfjristian QCaltnbar what you find in The Sunday School Times in every issue in its Lesson Helps FEATURES alone ?-and many take the Times for its other rich departments. On the Interna- S.S~LeQOOnaand tional Uniform Lessons- Daily Readings Carefully choe.en Dr. Griffith-Thomas tel[t for eo.ch day, formerly of Oxford, England, now one of Family Worsbip Portio.. :o~ertih:'sle:::~!~S~n~!~rze~ea~~~h. shows 12 Beautiful EngraviDgB FRONTISPIECE Ridgway's Busy Men's Corner "Help Lord or gives men a Christian ironmaster's under- I Periah" standing of the Bible.

By Plockhlnl Getting Started in Class in the Finest Color by Howard A. Banks, shows how to gr-ip Work Possible from the beginning. 30 Cent. Each Cartoons That Capture 4 for $1.00 12 fa. $2.75 have made Dr. E. J. Pace famous the 25 fo'$5.00 50 fo.$9.50 world around. 100 fa. $17.00 Lewis Sperry Chafer CARRIAa£ PAID ldoal for a CJuishp••r Mew Year Gill Ag.nla Further reductions on larger quantities noW shows you God's own prophecies in Wanted Ideal (or Pasllrs and Teaders to use as Gifts the lessons. in. every Church EVANG.ELICAL PUBLISHERS Fountain Pen Little Jets 859 College Ave., TORONTO, Canada those inimitable outline creatures of a f:~~ds'bi"~~e a;'d Sy~~~g; ar:ndafi:I~,S~~: Fellows" omora5k, es you eager to face your class of"

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MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL. DECEMBER, 1923 NUMBER XLVI TWELVE THE COMING STUDENT VOLUNTEER CONVENTION T HIRTY-SEVEN years ago, the Student Volunteer Movement was founded at Mount Hermon, Massachusetts. Since that time, they have enlisted thousands of recruits for foreign missions and have helped to stir up the Church at home to support these recruits by prayers and gifts.

The ninth International Convention of the Movement will be held in the Cadle Tabernacle, Indianapolis, Indiana, from Friday, December 28, 1923 to Tuesday, January 1, 1924. About six thousand delegates are expected from the colleges, universities and technical schools of the United States and Canada. The delegations will be made up from the students who have been positive factors in the Christian life of their institutions. At the Des Moines Convention in 1920, there was 6,890 delegates from 949 institutions.

The purpose of this Convention is to bring together those who look upon Jesus Christ as the Lord and Saviour of men, the Hope of individuals and of the race, and who make the proclamation of His message and the extension of His sway throughout the world their great aim in life.

The program of the Convention opens with addresses on present-day social, political, racial and industrial problems, followed by group discussions on these topics and the .relation of the Christian l:nissionary enterprise to them. Then will follow the consideration of separate mission fields; the missionary message; the call for recruits and their preparation, and the results of world-wide Christian missions. A great missionary exhibit will consist of maps, pictures, books and magazines relating to missions. The speakers will include men and women of international reputation and native Christian leaders from the great mission fields.

The Student Volunteer Movement has already been used to accomplish great things for the Kingdom of God and its past conventions have been remarkable under the leadership of such men as 960

Robert P. Wilder, John R. Mott, Robert E. Speer and Fennell P. Turner. They have not only awakened missionary enthusiasm but have greatly deepened spiritual life and stimulated personal Christian service and consecrated giving both among students and older laymen.

Today, the conditions, in Church and society, are very different from those that confronted us in the early days of the Movement. Then the whole Church needed to be aroused to the ~issionary responsibility, the foreign missionary enterprise was on the defensive, the student body had scarcely been touched, and ignorance of moral and spiritual conditions in foreign lands was appalling. Today, through conventions, literature, travel, political movements and great catastrophes, the world has been brought near to all except the most hopelessly narrow, unchristian and provincial. Facts as to the needs of men and the results of missionary work have enlisted the sympathy and cooperation of the leading laymen and women in all 'classes of society. Giving has greatly increased and the whole program is considered on a broader scale. There are many reasons for thankfulness and encouragement.

. At the same time, there are grave dangers and additional reasons for earnest study and prayer.

1. The very success and popularity of foreign missions involve danger lest the work be undertaken too lightly and by those not called of God and fitted spiritually for it.

2. The larger incomes of missionary societies (still too small to meet the need) involve a danger lest money be spent too freely on expensive institutions that do not produce proportionate spiritual results. .

3. The spread of mqdern civilization involves a danger lest-the missionary life become too comfortable, losing its pioneer quality, and lest volunteers be attracted to it for other reasons than their desire to bring Christ and His Gospel to those who do not know Him.

4. Modern rationalistic and socialistic ideas have permeated colleges' and technical schools to such an extent that there is. constant danger lest merely huma.nitarian motives lead men into the mission field and lest they there attempt to save men for this life only and by a denatured Gospel, while they offer no Flure remedy for sin and no 'adequate basis for a Christ life, character and service., The real Gospel, which is the" power of God unto salvation," is in danger of being sidetracked to a secondary place or left out altogether.

5. The study of non-Christian religions has led to the discovery of many beautiful ideals in them that have failed to save their devotees fiomsin and failure. This discovery has led some to give up belief in the necessity for accepting Christ and His Gospel as offering the only Way of Life.

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

The need for missions has not changed-the wages of sin is death today, as in Apostolic days, and all men need God's way of life as revealed in Ohrist. The basis of the call for recruits is the same –the commission of Christ to His disciples to preach the Gospel to every creature. The missionary message has not changed-it is the free gift of Eternal Life for this world and through eternity to those who accept Jesus Ohrist as divine Saviour and Lord. The power on which we must depend for success has not changed-it is the power of the Holy Spirit, working through those who obey God, to transform them and to make their lives fruitful. The reward for consecrated missionary work at home or abroad is the same-it is the approval of our Lord, the joy of service to man and the consciousness of having been used to help carry out the great program of Christ for the world.

Pray for The Student VOl1tnteer Convention.

OONFERENOE FOR BETTER CITIZENSHIP T HE -Christian's citizenship is in Heaven. His primary re- sponsibility and loyalty are to God-but while we are on earth, we have also a duty toward human rulers and toward our fellowmen. The clear teaching of the New Testament is that followers of Christ shall so live as to help and not hinder the temporal and spiritual progress of their fellows. God has set mankind in families; He has given laws to govern our relationships, laws such as harmonize with our best good, and He has taught principles of righteousness, love and service that, if carried out, would make a Heaven on earth.

The recent Citizenship Conference at Washington, D. C. (October 13 to 15) was Ohristian in spirit if not in name. About one thousand men and women gathered from all parts of the country to consider ways in which A.merica may be made a better country and exert a better influence on the world. Churches, welfare organizations and other bodies were represented. The main topic was "How to Secure Better Law Enforcement," including that of the Eighteenth Amendment.

The evils of strong drink are evident in politics, in industry and in society in general. The introduction of the law against its manufacture, transportation or sale was for the benefit of mankind and the enforcement of the law in most parts of the country has helped greatly to lessen intemperance, poverty, vice and crime. At the same time a spirit of lawlessness has been revealed and the disregard of the law has had an especially baneful effect on American youth -not only in intemperance, but in dishonesty, vice and crime. It was the aspiration of Lincoln that "reverence for law might become the political religion of the nation." Those who disregard the

Eighteenth Amendment would make an exception in the case of any law they personally dislike to obey.

A large number of influential public-spirited citizens spoke at the Washington Conference. Governor Pinchot of Pennsylvania and President Coolidge are strongly urging the full observance and en- forcement of the law and the chief state executives have promised their cooperation to this end.

The following recommendations were among those adopted at the Conference: 1. We recommend that the spirit and purpose of this conference be conserved and promoted by the creation of a committee of one thousand, composed of representative men and women who will give their whole-hearted support to the plans and program adopted.

2. The Conservation Committee is specifically instructed, in such cooperation with other agencies as may be practicable, to organize union law; enforcement mass meetings and conferences in twenty or more of the great centers of the- nation, at the earliest possible dates. In each of these mass meetings, the existing agencies shall be requested to arrange for village, town and city law enforcement meetings with programs which shall as far as possible. parallel in spirit and in method.

3. We recommend that the Conservation Committee· confer with the presidents of schools, colleges and universities, concerning the presentation of this great question to the student body of our country by carefully selected speakers.

4. We recommend that the Committee consider the advisability of making a nation-wide call that the second Sunday in Jannary of the coming year be observed as Prohibition and Law Enforcement Day; that programs be prepared by churches and other organizations committed to the high ideals of Chistian patriotism for the use of Sunday-schools and Young People's Societies; that sermons be preached and united mass meetings held. Particularly do we appeal to the preachers and to all other religiou~ workers.

5. We recommend that a united community campaign be organized in every village, town and city to support· aggressively the local, state and federal authorities in the enforcement of all laws, particularly the Eighteenth Amendment, the Volstead Act and all other supporting legislation.

The greatest need is for adequate education and the extension of Christian principles to overcome intemperance and lawlessness. In homes, churches, and schools, precept and example must teach obedience to divine and human laws. Community conferences, in cooperation with permanent temperance and good citizenship agencies, should promote prohibition and law enforcement educational campaigns, directed toward building sound public sentiment along the following lines; a. The temperance training of youth through instruction of all pupils in all public schools in the nature and effects of alcoholic beverages. Such instruction is required by the school laws of practically every state but may be neglected. Training to total abstinence and law o~servance in Sunday-schools and other organizations for youth also is vital.

b. Widespread dissemination of the underlying reasons for prohibition which brought about the Eighteenth Amendment.

c. Unceasing and systematic information to the public as to the authentic benefits of prohibition through press, pulpit, platform and personal testimony. This effort should include correction of false statements.

d. Information and arousement of all citizens as to their responsibility for observance of law; statements of the concrete methods by which they may assist in law enforcement.

e. Promotion of city-wide campaigns to bring the truths concerning beverage alcohol, prohibition and law enforcement to the foreign language speaking population. Preparation for foreign language newspapers and journals of special material.

f. The use of moving pictures which may be installed on vans and at a comparatively small expenditure made available to the Yarger cities. Demonstration and exhibit booths and literature and speakers at county and state fairs. Law enforcement expositions organized by the cooperative agencies.

The real issue before the American people is not-Shall the Eighteenth Amendment and the Volstead I-Iaw be modified or repealed ~ It is-Shall the law be nullified by a law-defying minority~ The issue involves far more than the enforcement of prohibition. It strikes at the heart of free government. Can American democracy protect its institutions and perpetuate itseln The Conference offered a strong challenge to those who are opposed to the' Eighteenth Amendment to come out into the open, and repeal the Amendment if they can and to observe it until they can. "Hip-pocket guardians of personal liberty" are teaching the doctrine of qualified allegiance to established law. The American people should see to it that only those men are elected to public office who, in the words of Lincoln, will neither violate, in the slightest particular, the laws of the land, nor tolerate their violation by others. Lawmakers should not be lawbreakers. Grave responsibility rests upon the courts to compel obedience on the part of those who by open violation are bringing the administration of justice into disrepute. We urge upon the federal and state judges the need of more stringent action on the part of the courts to prevent the law's delays and of extreme penalties for persistent offenders, to compel the law-breaker to cease his lawlessness, and to arouse in the cynical and indifferent a new respect for law. The powerful influence of the press, through its editors, artists and reporters should be used to command respect for law; and its news columns, its editorial pages, or its cartoons and illustrations should not be used to hold up to ridicule and contempt our Constitution. Our homes, our schools and our universities must instill a respect for law into the hearts and minds of the youth of today who are to be the citizens of tomorrow. Our churches must preach the practice of unselfish loyalty.

GOING FORWARD IN TURKEY T HE success of the Angora Government in regaining posses- sion of Constantinople, compelling American and European governments to give up extra-territorial rights in Turkey, eliminating the Armenians from consideration, and gaining full

independence for Turkey, may mark a new era in Christian missionary work among the Turks.

In past years, the Turks have been driven to permit Christian work in their domain, but it has been, for the most part, confined to the Christian populations~Armenians, Syrians and Greeks. Few Turks have attended Christian schools and fewer yet have received the Gospel of Christ. Now, foreign missionaries will no longer belong to 'a privileged class, and may suffer new hardships and increased opposition. But from the beginning of Christianity, the messengers of the Gospel have not been promisel immunity from persecution, and the blessing of God has accompanied those who have – – endured hardness as good soldiers of Jesus Christ. The Turk and L OuuplfJdSta~_ FOIIIMt'Saatltnt. _ _ _ NDm~WunderUued selLE or IoIIILES , ._1108111.0 other Moslems are not excluded from the number of those to whom the Gospel must be preached, and the promise of the presence and power of Christ is to those who go out to preach His Gospel. It is not sufficient to feed the hungry in Turkey or to heal the sick and educate the ignorant~we must also preach the Gospel to all.

The attitude of the present Turkish Government toward Christian work is shown by the fact, just reported, that Dr. Lorrin A.

Shepard, of Aintab, has been ordered to close the Azariah Smith Memorial Hospital and to give up his practice of medicine and surgery in Turkey. When the work opened last year hopes ran high, for patients had increased rapidly, Dr. Kalpakian, the mission eyespecialist, had gained an enviable reputation, :finances had been put upon a sounder basis, and evangelistic work had been strengthened.

At the recent meeting of the American Board of Commissioners

EDITORIAL COMMENTS ·971

for Foreign Missions, held in Springfield, Massachusetts (October :L9), the question of the future of missions in Turkey was considered and the following resolutions were adopted: 1. The .American Board recognizes and accepts its unique responsibility for missionary work in Turkey and proposes to carry it forward as rapidly as circumstances permit, 2. The American Board recognizes and accepts its responsibility towards the refugees from Turkey now in Greece, Syria, and the Caucasus. It pro- poses to continue its aid in maintaining the moral and spiritual ideals of these stricken peoples in their exile. .

3. The American Board commends the earnest faith and courage of its missionaries in the Near East which prompts them to plan for a large advance both among the peoples of Turkey and the exiles. While it is. not practical to fully carry out these plans at present, the Board recognizes the work as established and important and equally worthy of consideration as that in any of its mission :fields.

Turkey has been proclaimed a Republic, with Mustapha Kemal, Pasha, as the first President. He is given large powers and is unfriendly to Christian missions but if the Church of Christ accepts the challenge· of the Turk, and determines to go forward with the program of Christ in Turkey, a new era of blessing may come and many followers of Mohammed will become followers of the Lord Jesus Christ.

CHINA'S NEED FOR CHRISTIAN EVANGELISM SO much has been written about the success of Christian missions in China that many do not realize that the great need of the people has scarcely been touched. We forget that, with four times the population of the United States, China has less than one- thirtieth the number of ordained Christian preachers (foreign and Chinese) that there are in America. Vast areas are still untouched and millions of Chinese have never yet so much as heard of Christ. Two thirds of the Protestant missionary forces and one third of the Chinese Christian workers are located in cities with populations of 50,000 or over.

About three fourths of the total territory of China has been accepted by Protestant missions as their responsibility, but much of it is not occupied, even inadequately. In one third of this territory the people are still more than fifty miles from any evangelistic center. Add to this the territory of 437,000 square mile$ (larger than the Atlantic States from Maine to Florida)not even claimed, and we have nearly one half of China out of reach of the Gospel message. One fourth of China proper still remains unclaimed by any Protestant mission or Chinese Christian society while Manchuria, Mongolia, Sinkiang, Kohonor, Chwanpien and Tibet are practically unentered. At the same time, the yearly increase of the non-Christian population by birth in China is larger than the present total number

of Christian adherents (Protestant and Catholic)! China increases by about four million births a year while the increase of even nominal Christians is less than fifty thousand a year.

INTERDiENOMINATIONAL .MISSIONARY AGENCIES A NEW missionary organization that is not duplicating the work of other societies but is endeavoring to supplement their activi- ties and to prepare for advance, is the "Pioneer Mission Agency,"* established "to learn and publish the need and to forward workers and means to other organizations for pioneer work." The Agency is especially active at present in surveying neglected fields among the Indians in Latin America. The Field Secretary and General Secretary have recently visited Mexico and Central America and Rev. Howard B. Dinwiddie is now taking an extensive journey into northwestern Brazil and the neighboring countries.

In Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil are millions of unevangelized Indians. Mr. Dinwiddie hopes to discover the facts that will interest Christians in practical plans for work among them. Volunteer workers and funds will then be sought and an effort will be made to enlist the cooperation of societies that may be able to take up the work.

A number of interdenominational missionary agencies have become well established in America, some of which, like the China Inland Mission, cooperate with existing denominational boards and do not seek to establish new sects in the mission fields. Others, like the Christian Missionary Alliance, practically work on a denominational basis. Ten mission agencies have formed an Interdenominational Association.t These are the following: Africa Inland Mission, Bolivian Indian Mission, Bible Rouse of Los Angeles, China Inland Mission, Central American Mission, Evangelical Union of South America, Inland South America Missionary Union, South Africa General Mission, Sudan Interior Mission, and the Woman's Union Missionary Society.

This Association has been formed in order that each mission may benefit by the experience and cooperation of the others. It would be well if the candidates for these societies could all be thoroughly trained and given practical experience in some evangelical missionary training school. The commission of our Lord to evangelize all nations should enlist everyone ofRis followers in the work but there is ample room for differences of administration unified under the same Lord and working in the power of the same Spirit.

·The headquarters are at 80-82 Stafford Building, 1114 Chestnut Street. Philadelphia. Omears -J. Harvey Borton. Chairm<zn; B. F. Gulp, Treasurer; H. B. DinWiddie, GeneraZ Secreta'rY.

tThe officers are Rev. Henry W. Frost, American Seoretary of the C. I. M., Presidr:mt; Mr. Paul H. Graef, Vice-presid.en.t.. and Rev. .Joseph A. Davis, Secretary-Tre~wrer. Th1;lir headquarte~ are at 113 Fulton Street, New York.

WIVES OF GENERAL FENG'S OFFICERS LEARNING USEFUL

General Feng and Social Service BY MRS. JONATHAN GOFORTH, KIKUNGSHAN, HONAN, OHINA Missionary of the Presbyterian Chnrch in Canada, 1888· CHINA'S Christian Gene.ral believes in social service from the bottom of his great, sympathetic heart. But he does not bp.- lieve in divorcing social service from its instigator and source of power-Jesus Christ. While in Kaifeng, the capital of Honan, last October and November, we saw the city placarded from end to end with pictures and writings, all bearing on truths for the uplift of the people both spiritually and morally.. While General Feng improved the roads, public lighting and such matters, he also turned his attention to the poor, destitute, old men and women begging on the streets. He had a large temple emptied of its idols and prepared for the accommodation of these wretched creatures. Food was given them twice daily and preachers appointed to preach daily the Gospel of salvation for their souls. One of the first things that the new governor did after General Feng left was to order all these poor people out, in spite of the coming winter, and the idols replaced because "his mother wished to worship the gods!" An industrial school for women was started which gave employment to many and lessened the multitude of those who were living on "the ragged edge of ruin." Arrangements were made with the missionaries to do 973

Christian work among these women and night schools were arranged for men and boys. , In the army also, there were many signs of the highest ideals of Christian social service that were being carried out. Soldiers were tnught trades while, at the same time, the spiritual teaching of the men was kept prominent in the army routine. Four Christian chap- lains are kept working at high pressure arranging Bible classes and other meetings. On Sundays from fifteen to twenty services are held in different parts of the camp.

General Feng's pet project seems to be the school for his offi- cers' wives and children. This, I was told, he supports entirely him- self. The children are taught from kindergarten up as in other schools and the women attend classes for reading, writing, etc., in the fore- noon and the afternoon is given to industrial work. Forty sewing machines aTe in constant use on which these the women make undergarments for the soldiers.

Instruction in "First Aid" is given by the lady missionary who is in charge of Christian instruc- Used ~~ t,,~!:~7r;;1~~T~~us~~eS~:RJapan tion. Forty of these soldiers'

wives were recently baptized.

During the slack New Year season, when the soldiers were most likely to be restless for home, General Feng arranged an open-air theatre for his men, and here was combined hearty amusement with Christian teaching and morality. All the scenes were arranged and acted by the soldiers themselves. From the constant and hearty applause this unique theatre certainly seemed to be a great success!

Undoubtedly one of the reasons why General Feng has the love of his men is that he thinks for them as a father for his children!

The same Christian spirit of service and pity for others is becoming evident in some of his officers. General Chang Chih-chiang, while in command of the brigade stationed at rrunghsien, near Peking, last winter, had the Christians of Tunghsien canvass the city shortly before Christmas for the names of all destitute people. On Christ- mas Day, he sent to each a gift of some pounds of corn meal from the Christian soldiers! Had a whirlwind struck Tunghsien it could hardly have causJ;)d more stir. For till then the people connected soldiers only with war, rapine, theft, pillage, and oppression.

Colonel Hsu (or Shih) and his wife had had several children,

GENERAL FENG AND SOCIAL SERVICE

all of whom died. When he was put in charge of the arsenal at Kaifeng with a fairly good salary, he and his wife determined to keep only enough for their bare needs and to spend the remainder in starting and supporting a school for the wives and children of the arsenal employees. The story of their work is one of the most beautiful I have ever heard. When called to leave Kaifeng, the Colonel handed over the entire school equipment to the Baptist Mis- sion and also left a sum of money as endowment for the support of a teacher.

China is passing through a time of "troubled seas" such as the oldest missionaries now in China have never before known even in the Boxer days. The political chaos and military disruption affect the Christian army as a matter of course. The Government gave definite promise to General Feng of support if he came to Peking but these promises have not been kept. The thirty thousand troops now under the Christian General have had barely sufficient to keep them from st.arving and have had nothing to send to their needy wives and children at home. Other armies in China have broken loose and have pillaged long before being tested as these soldiers; yet we are told that the discipline in the Christian army remains as perfect as if all the men were being paid to the fulL What would British or American soldiers do if left to starve by their GovernmentT Though the clouds hanging over China were never darker than now, yet there are gleams through the darkness brighter than any we have ever seen. We therefore take hope and go forward.

Moral slackness, as revealed in financial dealings, failure to dis- tinguish between truth and falsehood, toleration of superstition, dalliance with the evils of gambling, intemperance and polygamy.

The weakness of the missions as revealed in unwise selection and training of missionaries. race prejudice, sectarianism and petty jealousies, failures of adaptation in architecture, manners and temperament, forms or worship, unwise use of money and domineering of the mission by the missionary.

As revealed in personal failures in Christian living, in the perception and proclamation of the Message, failing to perc€ive and sypport the existing good outside of the Church, emphasizing nonessentials, appealing to self-interest rather than challenging to service, and disunity.

A few months ago, a statement was published in American papers as a cable from China. to the effect that General Feng had been excommunicated from the Christian Church by a body of his fellow..Christians on accoupt of certain irregularities in connection with the deposition of President Ll Yuan Hung. Word has been received from Dr. George L. Davis, Secretary of the North China Mission of tba Methodist Episcopal Church, of whl"h Geneml Feng is a member, to the effect that this story is e.ntirely without tounda.tton. In fact, no. such IIlle€'Ung as that l'el,)Ortad In the cable dispatch was ever held In the Y. M. C. A. ot Tientsin. General Feng has JlIJI,lly enem.ies 'Who 'Would be very much pleased it they could prove any substantial accusation against him. One of the grlev&nces brought up by hls enemlea comes trom the facot that the General aSked the Government tor money to pay his soldiers wb) are nearly a year in arrears in the amount due them.-EDITOR.

Missionary Education of Children*

BY SOPIDA LYON FAHS, NEW YORK H OW closely is the child's missionary education related to religious education 7 Is missionary education something to be added in order to promote an enterprise, or is it an essen- tial part of religious training V Should our controlling purpose be the child's religious growth, or should it be the raising of money for a cause 7 Should missionary societies decide first how much and to what objects they wish children to give, and then tell the children facts which will stir them to give, or should they first ask what kind of information concerning missions will yield the richest results in character building, and then study how they may direct the child's resulting natural desire for activity so that it will really count for good in this world of need '{ Personally, I am ready to defend the proposition that missionary information should never be given to children with the primary object of raising money. I realize that it is easier for a camel to go through a needle's eye than for a missionary society to forego the money aim in its dealing with children. For the sake of the Kingdom of God in which impossible things are done; however, I believe that the religious educational aim should control. My reasons are as follows: 1. If at the outset we decide how much and to what we think our children should give, then by the narrowness of our aim we limit the. character and the amount of the instruction we may give the children. The material we choose may not contain the facts which would most interest them, or which would give them what would result in the greatest contribution to their spiritual growth. By the narrowness of our aim, we also lose the opportunity of putting missionary teaching directly into the curriculum of the Sunday-school. It must forever remain as an extra to be introduced incidentally.

2. My second reason for believing that the educational, rather than the money aim should control is that the financial resources of children are small. If money be the object of our work, the same amount of energy devoted to adults would yield far larger financial returns.. We may not entirely disregard the contributions of the children, since in one denomination alone the Sunday-schools give yearly about one million dollars to missions, although a small proportion of those gifts come from children under twelve or fourteen, 01;l.t of their own allowance or their own earnings. Much of the money given is handed over to the children from their parents. If we were to insist that all the money given by children under four- *Part of an address delivered a few years ago at a Foreign Mission Conference.

976 teen must come out of their allowances or earnings, the results would no doubt be comparatively small.

3. If our purpose is to promote the habit of giving, then our aim is educational, and the amount of money raised must be held as insignificant. We must concern ourselves primarily with the motives, the spirit that prompts the giving. So long as we bring pressure to bear upon teachers of Sunday-school classes and upon leaders of Mission Bands to raise a given amount of money, there is almost certain to be a disregard of the methods by which the money is raised and a careless attitude toward the place from which the money comes.

If we really wish to develop the habit of generosity in children, the first acts of giving must not only be genuine, they must also be enjoyed. It is a psychological law that the first acts in the habit forming process must be accomplished with pleasure. The family horse runs faster when driven homeward than when driven away from home because the homeward journey is associated with the pleasure of rest, shelter and food.

There are parents who, having compelled their children to attend church when young, thinking that thus they would develop the habit of regular church attendance, are disappointed because when their children reached the age of independence they never entered a church. The mistake lies in not knowing that a child's enjoyment of church is essential if going to church is to become a habit.

In developing in children the habit of giving, they must be made to enjoy their first experiences in giving. How then may this be accomplished 7 1. Giving is enjoyed by children when it results spontaneously, when they have vividly pictured concrete situations until they feel them for themselves. This is frequently done through a series of related stories which are discus'sed and dramatized by the children or presented through various forms of hand work on the sand table. After such intimate acquaintance with a concrete situation, giving comes as a relief to the child's feeling of sympathy and he enjoys it.

2. The child enjoys feeling that his giving is the result of his own choice. If a given cause for which he himself does not particularly care has been imposed upon him, he feels that he has been over urged, or must give because others are doing so, and he is robbed of the joy of giving.

3. If the child can follow his gifts and see that the results have been good, he experiences joy. Let us provide a means of contact between the giver and the recipient of the gift. This is one phase of what it really means to subordinate a money aim to an educational aim in our missionary education.

In brief outline let me suggest three important ways in which missionary material may contribute to the development of religious and Christian character in our children.

2

1. A study of missionary material tends to enlarge the child's sympathies and his appreciation of other human folks. The child's experiences with other people are very limited. Missionary material may give him something akin to what travel might do. A wider ac- quaintance with folks softens prejudice, and develops a brotherly spirit. This broader stretch of the sympathies also tends to develop a sense of varied needs and creates the desire to help.

2. The stories of missionary heroes, native and foreign, by the power of example, leads the child to live a life of greater unselfishness, to undergo hardship and to persevere in difficult undertakings for the sake of service; to have greater faith in God's protection and a keener sense of obedience to duty. Through presenting strong virtues in vivid and concrete form in the lives of real heroes, missionary stories inspire the child to imitate the good.

3. Missionary stories, especially those that present contrastirig pictures of the results of non-Christian faiths, and the transformations which Christianity brings, enrich the child's appreciation of :t loving.God, of Jesus and of His teachings. The child appreciates Jesus far better when he learns what human folks have been and done who have never known Him.

If we set before ourselves such worthy aims as these, and free ourselves of the money motives, then we make possible cooperation. We can all work together upon the essentials and leave the less important denominational phases of the enterprise to be taught when the children have reached their later teens. The juvenile mission books are of an inter-denominational character. We should advance, however, still farther and make all our literature for children, our books, our pamphlets, and our magazines for the use of all the ('hurches. It will mean greater economy and greater efficiency.

It is of no concern to the child whether a given missionary hero be a Baptist or a Presbyterian. It is neither democratic nor Christian to teach him only or even mainly of the heroes of one branch of the Church. Nor should he be deprived of learning about the work in Turkey and Egypt simply because he may not happen to be a Congregationalist or a United Presbyterian. If in our work with children we surrender the purpose to extend denominational propaganda, we are then free to choose the best material that is available in the work of all denominations.

No large missionary program of education can be promoted without the closest cooperation between the Sunday-school and the missionary societies. This is part of the work of the Church's school of religious education, which is called the Sunday-school. Hitherto, missionary education has almost entirely been a thing incidental to the work of the Sunday-school. We must make it a vital part of the child's religious education, carried on by that organization which should be worthy of its name.

AND PUPILS OF BANGKOK CHRISTIAN COLLEGE

Recent Progress in Siam BY REV. R. O. FRANKLIN, BANGKOK, SIAM Missionary of the Presbyteria.n Church, U. s. A.

SlAM is a country that has never been brought prominently before the world and many people in America know very little about it. They may have heard of the "Land of the White Elephant" or the "Siamese Twins" but that is about the extent of their knowledge.

Siam is at the southern extremity of the vast continent of Asia, sandwiched in between French Cambodia and Anam on the East, and British Burma on the West. It is one of the small independent countries of Asia, but has lost considerable territory to France and England within the last few years. It is nearly 1/200 miles long from north to south, and about 500 miles wide in its widest part, and the area is nearly 220,000 square miles or about equal in size to the six New England States, plus New: York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Ohio. It is as large as Japan and Chosen combined.

The climate is tropical; the seasons are two, the wet and the dry. From November to May scarcely a cloud obscures the sky, and from November to February the weather is delightful. Physically, Siam is greatly diversified. The north isa land of mountains and valleys and rushing streams, one of the mqst beautiful regions in the world. The eastern part is table-land; the central is a large alluvial plain; and the soutpern part is a mountainous peninsula.

979

The people belong to the Tai or Shan race, whose original home was in central and southern China. They are not Chinese, being more nearly allied to the Aryan raCes than to the Mongolians. Sta- tistics are not altogether reliable, but it is estimated that in Siam proper there are about 10,000,000 Tai people, and in southern China, l<'rench territdry on the east and British territory on the west, there are another 10,000,000, making a total of 20,000,000 or more of the Tai race.

The Siamese lack the persistence and. industry of the Ohinese, though a marked growth along these lines during the last few years, is very evident. The climate begets indolence and prolific Nature readily supplies most of man's necessities. The people need little clothing, and no fuel except for cooking. Fish are easily caught, and tropical fruits and vegetables grow with little or no cultivation.

Houses can be built in a few days, at practically no cost, out of the ever-present bamboo.

Under these circumstances, we marvel, not that the people are so backward, but that they have made improvements which cannot be paralleled in any other Asiatic country, unless it is Japan.. In China and the Philippines foreigners are largely responsible for the many wonderful improvements; but in Siam improvements are for the most part the result of native efforts due largely to the influence (f Christian ideals. Bangkok and other cities have miles of good roads and beautiful broad avenues, which are a great contrast to the narrow gutter-like roads of China. The well kept lawns and beautiful public buildings, from one end of the kingdom to the other, are a constant surprise to the traveler. Telephones and telegraphs extend everywhere, so that we may send messages to loved ones in the home- land from most any point in the Kingdom. The government postal system is a credit to any country. Free, well kept public schools are spreading to every part of the realm. In 1899, a royal decree made Sunday a legal holiday. Bangkok used to be called the Venice of the East, but its good roads, with every conceivable form of modern con- veyance, are causing the old and slow method of travel by boat to become obsolete. When they first began to build railroads an old Siamese Christian said, "They will never be a success in Siam, for it will take all their earnings to pay guards to protect the rails and ties from thieves." Now railroads run from the capital to every part of the kingdom.

The Siamese are eager to learn, and not only flock to our mis- sion schools, but many of the more ambitious go abroad to study.

England has been the favorite country for foreign education but now larger numbers are coming to America every year. Eight young people came over with me when I last returned, three of whom were girls in their early teens, sent by the Queen Mother to prepare for medical work among the women of Siam. •

RECENT PROGRESS IN SIAM

Siam is one of the most difficult mission fields on earth. It is the stronghold of Buddhism. No other country can show so many gorgeous temples, or such an army of priests. The Government re- ports one of these wonderful temples to every 1,185 of the population, and one yellow robed Buddhist priest to about every 50 of the popu- lation. Until a few years ago no one was allowed to hold govern- ment office till he had spent at least three months in the priesthood.

'Ve are thankful that today many of the most important offices in the government service are held by Christian boys and by graduates from the Bangkok Christian Col- lege. A few years ago a new de- partment, Commerce and Statis- tics, was opened and for the first time in the history of the kingdom a competitive examination was held. Nai Sadap, one of our most devoted Christians, a teacher in the Bangkok Christian College, entered the contest, and secured the second best grade out of near- ly one hundred contestants. '1'0- day he is the head of the depart- ment. The man who stood highest had had four years of study in England.

The Government and business A ~'ORMER S'l'UDE N1' OF BANGKOK CHRISfirms realize that there is a stamp TIAN COLLEGE; NOW HIGHLY of honesty and true manhood upon HONORED IN GOVERNMENT CIRCLES our boys that is worth securing. vVe are besieged with letters asking for the members of the graduating classes from Bangkok Christian College, and offering them salaries far above what they would receive as mission school teachers and Christian helpers, but nevertheless a sufficient number of our earnest Christian young men stand by us to fill all the vacancies in our teaching staff, and to supply all Christian workers that we can support.

Siam is also distinctively a Presbyterian mission field, made so by an agreement between the different denominational Boards. Sta- tistics show, however, that it is one of the poorest manned fields in the world. China, although having forty times the population of Siam, has one ordained Pr9testant missionary to every 321,287 people. Japan has one ordained Protestant missionary to every 192,955; India, one to every 208,719 of her population; Africa, the great dark Continent, one to every n,782, while Siam and Indo-China have only one ordained Protestant missionary to every, 797,428 of

the population. With these odds against us, it is not surprising that the work moves very slowly. If we could supply Siam with an ade- quate number of Ohristian missionaries, I believe that in a few years we would see results as wonderful as in Korea. Siam is open for the Gospel of Jesus Ohrist today as she has never been before.

The Siamese soldiers coming back from the great World War have opened the country to Ohristian and American influences in a most wonderful way. They came back saying, "The American sol- diers were true gentlemen. If the American boy had anything to eat, the hungry Siamese boys always got the larger portion. If they were cold, the American boy divided his blanket with them. If they were homesick, the American boy tried to cheer them up. If their truck was stuck in the mud or in a shell hole, the American boy helped them out." Siam is ripe for American Ohristian influences.

Regular organized mission work, under the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, began in Siam about seventy-four years ago and the first Presbyterian church was organized on August 29,1849, the membership of the church being made up entirely of the mis- sionary families. It was another ten years before there were any Siamese converts to gladden the hearts of the missionaries.

In the early days of Ohristian missionary effort, the attitude of the Siamese Government was decidedly hostile. When au embassy from America arrived in March, 1850, to open friendly negotiations with a view to a treaty, the King refused to receive it. The mis- sionaries were not subjected to personal violence, but the unfriendly attitude of the Government and higher classes was so well known, that obstacles confronted the little band on every side. No Siamese landlord dared to rent or sell them property, and the missionaries were often in great need of suitable shelter.

Fifty years ago, as the number of converts grew, many of them were cruelly treated, even to imprisonment. Today, there are nearly 10,000 converts, many of whom are in positions of influence. The late King once said to the American Minister, "I am always glad to encourage the American missionaries, for I know they are the truest and best friends to me and my people." The late King and the present King, together with members of the royal family have given large sums of money toward the support of Ohristian institutions.

It is a common saying among the Siamese, wrhe Americans are the only foreigners who are here just for the good of our country and people." At present three nephews of His Majesty are studying in the Bangkok Ohristian Oollege, and a number of princesses attend the Harriette M. House school for girls. .

Until Ohristian missionaries went to Siam the position of the women was very low. The Harriette M. House school was the first school for girls in the kingdom. It had a slow beginning, but now schools for girls have sprung up all over the country, and today,

RECENT PROGRESS IN SIAM

as a direct result of missionary work, the girls of Siam are taking their places beside their brothers in many lines of work.

Throughout the length and breadth of the land you will find young men and women from the Bangkok Christian College and the Harriette M. House school for girls occupying a large per cent of the most important positions both in government and in commercial life.

Let me introduce you to a few of our Christian workers. Kru· Yuan, the oldest Siamese worker in the Presbyterian mission, was for many years the only native minister in lower Siam. He is faithfulness personified, and besides being an earnest preacher and pastor there is not a coolie in Siam who does any more manual labor than Kru Yuan. He is his own janitor, gardener, and carpenter. Had he entered business or accepted any of the numerous government positions offered him, he could have been a rich man today, but instead he has chosen to serve the First Church in Bangkok for more than thirty years, at a salary of about thirty ticals (or about twelve dollars and a half) per month. He is a remarkable speaker and debater. A number of years ago a strong Buddhist challenged him to a debate on Christianity and Buddhism. Kru ANJ~Jhi?~E c~~I~¥i~~S~Dii3fT~g~NE Yuan won the decision even though the judges were Buddhists. Much of the success of the work among the women of Siam today may be traced back to Kru Yuan's faithful work, for he and his wife were large factors in establishing the Harriette M. House school.

Another wonderful character is Kru Kim Heng, Pastor of the Second Church, which is connected with the girls' school. He was a teacher in the Bangkok Christian College for a number of years, and when the College was moved from the old site down on the river, to the new place up in the city, the people of the community sent in a request that Kim Heng remain at the old place and continue a day school. He did so, and was most successful, not only as head teacher but in bringing his pupils into the Sunday-school and church. For many years almost every child enrolled in his day school was also "Kru Is the Siamese word for teaoher or preacher.

enrolled in the Sunday-school, and through his untiring efforts many were won for Christ. Six years ago, although he had never had any theological course, he was called to take up the pastorate of the Second Church. He is an excellent preacher and much of the strong spiritual influence that is felt in the school is the result of his earnest efforts.

Kru Pluang is a man whom I love as my very own brother. He was a young teacher in the Bangkok Christian College when I first arrived in Siam. He spoke English fluently, was much interested in athletics, is a strong tennis player, has a splendid voice and can play almost any instrument. He continued his work in the College until he was called to the pastorate of the Fourth Church in Bangkok, the church connected with the College. He is a great preacher and pastor and his influence upon the college students is very powerful. At the request of the Christian students, he teaches a large mid-week Bible class in his own home. Kru Pluang has had many offers to take up other lines of work that would mean a salary two or three times the amount he receives as pastor, but he said to me: "I feel that God has called me to do the work I am doing, so better paying positions do not tempt me. " His wife is one of the remarkable women of Siam. She is a graduate of the Harriette M. House school and soon after she had her own home began a school for little children. It has grown till now she has more than two hundred enrolled. In the early days of her school work a number of her patrons came to her in a body and said, "If you do not quit teaching our children so much of your religion, we will take them out of your school." She replied, "Do as you please, but every child that comes to my school will be taught all I can teach them of the religion of Jesus Christ, for I know it is the true religion, and no power on earth can keep me from talking about Him." Very few of the children were taken from her school. .

Nai Noon, ("Nai" is the Siamese word for Mr.), has always been an interesting character. A fight with another young man led him to give his heart to Jesus Christ. He was disowned by his parents as soon as it was known he had become a Christian, but the young man was so earnest and patient that after a few years he was taken back into the home and almost every member of the family has been won. for Christ. During the years of waiting he succeeded in removing the little family god, a little image of Buddha, made from the sacred bho tree and covered all over with gold leaf, to the home of the missionary who by his request carried it to America.

Maa Cham, ("Maa" is Siamese for Miss), is the only daughter of a very wealthy nobleman, who became a Christian some time before she was graduated from the girls' school. She remained as teacher for a number of years, until a call came for some one to go and begin school work for the girls at one of the out stations.

RECENT PROGRESS IN SIAM

When she asked her father's permission to go there, he refused. and demanded that she give up her religion and return home to take care of him. In response to her entreaties he finally said, "Either come home and give up your religion or I will give you up." The girl replied, "Father, I love you most dearly, I am willing to do anything for you, but I cannot give up my Saviour, nor can I give up His work." She was driven from the home and for years all she had to live on was what she could earn from that little girls' school.

I know Df no brighter jewels than many of these Siamese Christians with whom I have had the joy of laboring. This band of faithful souls will continue to exert a Christian influence in the Kingdom of Siam, until, in God's own good time, this little kingdom will be counted among the Kingdoms of our Lord and His Christ. I know of no place where young, energetic, consecrated life could be invested,. that would bring richer dividends than in Ohristian work in Siam.

A GRADUATING CLASS'OF YOUNG MEN FROM BANGKOK CHRISTIAN COLLEGE

A Japanese Christian Among

The story of Taneaki Hwra and his work for prisoners, as told by his son who has been studying sociaZ betterment methods in America.

BY TAlleHI HARA I AM very glad indeed to express our thankfulness for American Missionary, and to tell about my father's life, believing it will interest you. _ '

About fifty years ago the seed sown by Dr. David Thompson, who was one of earliest missionaries to Japan, had grown up in my father's soul. My father's name is Taneaki Hara and our family stood on long tradition. Finally he was baptized a Christian in 1874.

He always prayed for the salvation of his family and our country, but he suffered persecution and fought against anti-Christianity.

There were very few Christians then in Japan. My father did not labor as a preacher but was busy in the works of mining and pub- lishing, especially the latter. In his not-busy hours he sold Bibles and did work as a Christian because he thought that to sell the Bible and other sacred literature, was a means of evangelization.

Suddenly he was arrested on a cold winter morning in 1882, and put in prison for three months, on Ishikawa Island because he put forth pictllres with explanations advocating the principles of liberty.

'When his young wife came to see him off, my father told her that the island prison was very inconvenient to visit, and that it was more important to carryon their work in publishing and mining. He added with tears: "I know it is a very heavy task for you, but I hope you will believe in the help of Jesus."

Listening to his words, she kept quiet with a pale face and fired mind. It seemed that she could not carry such a heavy burden but soon she recovered her courage, reminding herself of some Japanese heroine who was very patient and brave in adversity. So she said to her husband: "I will keep them through all your absence."

Then she turned back to hide her rainy face from her husband and bowed with her heavy burden. My father, who was only eighteen years old at that time, prayed for help from Heaven for my mother.

At that time our prison condition in Japan was antiquated.

There were a few big rooms, and each room kept about one hundred and fifty prisoners, including every kind of criminal. Every room had two or three chiefs, who were the most powerful prisoners.

When a prison officer took my father to a room, one of the chiefs brought him to the center of the room as a custom of initiation. He saw so much earnestness on my father's face that he seemed familiar to him. At first he could not remember when he had seen my father before. So he opened his mouth and asked: "Don't you know me?"

.986 My father replied without hesitation: "I do not know who you are."

The man again said, "Where is your homeT and what was your 'work1"

My father said: "My home is in Kanda, Tokyo, and publishing is my work."

The chief took a small book from his pocket and hastened to say, "Don't you know this book?"

"I know well," my father said, "it is the Bible. I was selling books in my store. "

Thus answering, my father looked upon his face with curiosity.

The chief suddenly sat down there and cried out, saying: "Ah I you are the preacher to whom I have listened. God has sent you here."

He changed his attitude and showed his respect to my father, telling him: "It was one summer evening, while I was taking a walk I on a street in Kanda, after an offense, I. found a large crowd of people. The preacher was talking about the salvation of sinners. Of course I could not understand his speech, but I got a book, and it was from this book that I found a new light coming into my heart.

After thinking and thinking, I be- gan to feel that I was a sinner, and then I suffered so that I could not live any longer as I had been living. I went to a keisatsu (police MR. HARA IN HIS OFFICE station) after many hesitations, and confessed all my sins and offenses. Though I became a prisoner, I always endeavored to learn by reading this book about God and Jesus, and the salvation of sinners of which the preacher had told us.

It is very difficult to understand the meaning of this book. I was very anxious to get a good teacher, but it was impossible in prison.

Now God has given me the opportunity. You have come here my teacher. It may be unfortunate for you, but we are very happy to have you here. My desire has been granted!"

'1'hat evening he introduced my father to other chiefs and after conferring, they decided to listen to my father's preaching. The prison officer consented to their proposal. My father preached for them on every night with thankfulness to God for the opportunity.

A few days afterward the prisoners in the next building also offered to listen to his preaching, and the officer brought them to my father.

Thus the majority of the prisoners in Ishikawa Island came to listen.

Two months passed, and it made my father rejoice to find that

the prisoners awakened spiritually. The winter grew colder and colder and as my father was not accustomed to such a prison life, he got special blankets from an officer, but he had to sleep on the floor without tatami (Japanese mats). My father caught one very bad cold and many prisoners came to nurse him, but did not know how to treat the sick. At last he took typhoid fever, and was carried away to a separate room. There were many lying sick. Doctors and nurses in the prison were so scarce that they could not take care of all of those suffering prisoners.

My father spent one week in this separate room, helpless, lying in pain upon a dirty bed. He felt lonely, worrying about his family and business, but he always prayed for the help of God, saying, "Oh God, I do not mind about death, for I believe you will help my young wife and our child, but please show your glory among our countrymen through the death of my body. "

He kept quiet, taking the doctor's advice, but soon after he was suffering with a high fever and became unconscious and they said he was dead. ,His body was carried out and placed in a room with many other dead bodies. It so happened that a prisoner passing by the room noticed something move. Fear ran him away, but his curiosity compelled him to return and he watched the dead bodies in the room until he saw one of them stir. It was my father. At first he was astonished but soon he was delighted when he realized that my'father might be saved. He went quickly to call for doctor, who came with an officer. They examined the body, and found that he still lived, so they carried him back to the sick room and after a time he exhibited a mysterious recovery.

When he had finished his term in prison my father returned to his beloved wife. His face, however, was pale and his body weakened and emaciated. They cried with joy and without words and gave God their hearty thanks. My father's business of mining and publishing were waiting for him, but so deeply had he been impressed in the prison by the need of prison reform and with dire necessity to take care of ex-convicts that he could not easily go back to his work. He thought the best way was to get guidance from God and went to the church to pray every day and night for one week. As he prayed on the seventh day: "Oh God, please show me your will. What shall I do with my life? Give it to my business or to the prison work?" he went into an unconscions state on account of physical fatigue and he says that while he was in that condition, he saw Jesus, and heard Him say: "Remember them that are in bond, as you were in bond with them." He awoke and was filled with glory, reflecting on the words: "Remember them that are in bond as you were in bond with them."

He prayed again: "If the dream was your holy suggestion, Oh Lord show me your advice in the Bible."

1923J A JAPANESE CHRISTIAN AMONG PRISONERS

After this prayer, he found the following words of St. Paul: "For thou shalt be his witness unto all men of what thou hast seen and heard." (Acts 22: 15.) He was delighted and determined to dedicate himself to the Christian service among imprisoned people. He was encouraged by his wife's joyful agreement for his new work.

Immediately he sold his mines and publishing store, and started in his prison work. This was in the year 1883 that he became the first chaplain in the prison. He began. to work for prison reform and stimulated our government and public opinion, to take better care of prisoners and ex-convicts. He opened his home to ex-prisoners and treated them as if they were his real children.

Now after forty years in this work there are 7,193 ex-convicts ~who have received my father's care. Seventy per cent of them have reformed and have become the normal citizens. It has been his privilege to bring many to Christ. He has recently written a book on his forty years' experience. My father is now seventy years old, and he tells us always that our God never rests from His work, and so he should not either.

Recently my father's work was praised by the Japanese Emperor who has given a private contribution. However, my fath~r has never received any financial aid from the government because he wanted to retain his personal freedom in his holy work. He has spent all the money he had and is maintaining his work by the contribution from personal friends in Japan and abroad. He earnestly asks the help of Christian brothers and sisters in this work of God.

During forty years, since he began his work, the prison conditions in Japan have greatly advanced. Lately our government also has taken great interest in the establishment of homes for ex-convicts so that at present 625 homes are taking care of them.

My father has indeed rejoiced in the rapid increase of the number of these works but however much numbers may increase, if the ex-convicts are not reformed, there is no satisfaction in it for him. If we ask him what power can accomplish this reformation, his answer is, "Christianity." Indeed the sympathy needed for them is that which comes from the constraining love of Christ. My father's book explains his forty years' experience and I am going to translate this book into English. Here you will find the fruits of the seed your missionary sowed.

Among those ex-prisoners who have been sheltered at our home, there are highway robbers, murderers and sneak thieves. As soon as they come to our home, my father questions them with hearty sympathy as to the offense for which they were imprisoned 7 From which prison they have come1 What have been the resulting conditions of their evil lives 7 Where are their families living and in what

condition 7 And then he gives them his brotherly hospitality in our home.

If possible he brings their families together soon, and if they want to stay in Tokyo, he finds jobs for them. Thus they stay quite freely in our home for some days as members of my father's family. Some of them may run away from our house, and in this case· it is natural to suppose that they would pick up and take off with them any property that they saw lying around, knowing all the ways of the house. They usually escape at night but in all the forty years of his labor no such theft has ever taken place. Of course, this is due to the Providence of God, but -there is also something in the hearts of these people that accounts for it.

God is persistently calling sinners and they cannot rest in their sins. My father believes that it is his holy privilege to bring them near to the love of God. In his long experience he found out that better housing aided very much in the prevention of criminals. For a trial, he has built about fifty small tenements for as many families who had b~en living in slums and the results have been very satisfactory.

Meanwhile I had grown up, a second generation of Japanese Christian, and I took a position at a bank in Japan after graduation from the economic department of Keio university in Tokyo. I continued in business about ten years and progressed in the bank. But as my spiritual life gradually improved, it was my heartfelt prayer and wish to improve these poor classes and to lead them to Christ. I could not see them without tears of sympathy and felt horribly sorry. I spent my time and means as I could in my business life to help and to educate them. At last I gave up my position in the banking business and started on Christian service work. As the first step I came to America to study her religious social service work.

When I go back to Japan after finishing my study here, I shall assist in my father's work and we have plans to build up four or five hundred small houses, also a settlement house and playground in the slums to gather poor people as our neighbors and work to improve their living condition and spiritual life by education.

I pray the glory of God will show among these people by using my body and spirit which I have dedicated to Him, as He has shown through my father's life.

SOME SIAMESE PROVERBS When a dog bites you, don't bite back. Toothless old tigers often memorize the commandments. He fled from the tiger and ran into a crocodile. It is easy to find friends when you are feasting; but difficult when you are dying.

the Japanese Are

BY REV. S. H. WAINRIGHT, TOKYO, JAPAN Secretary of the Christian Literature Society of Japan PRESENT-DAY Japanese come as near to reading all that there is to be read as any other nation. The old book stores, con- taining the Chinese classics and other writings in the Chinese, are no longer, as they once were, the corner-stone of culture in Japan. Only special students patronize them and they are few and far between. The younger generation not only takes little interest in books in Chinese, but they find difficulty in reading them. Gradually the number of Chinese characters required to be learned by the students in the schools has been reduced. The literature of China is now a sealed book to the present generation of Japanese throbbing with new life. Buddhism is putting out literature, but it consists principally of p'opularized editions of earlier literature.

The literary tastes acquired through a study of Chinese literature now seek satisfaction in the literature of Russia and other countries in Northern Europe, Germany and France, but especially in the literature of England and the United States for the great medium of culture in Japan is the English language. Two notable daily newspapers published in Japanese are issuing English editions daily. Think of the scope of modern education by which a generation has been prepared with sufficient capability and interest to subscribe for daily newspapers published in English! Besides these, there is a well known daily newspaper and a weekly magazine, owned and edited by Japanese, and both published in English. While English is the language of culture and commerce, there is no prospect of its becoming a colloquial substitute for Japanese, which of itself is highly developed and capable of further expansion and modification.

What the Japanese are reading is indicated in the sources and li'cope of literature now current in Japan. The news stand, as in the West, is becoming a competitor of the book-stores and one wonders what time is left for serious reading of books after so many periodicals have been perused. One good thing about the daily newspapers is that the outside page is given to the advertisement of the latest books. Sensational events, murders, robberies, divorces and elopements find their place on the "third page," which is the scandal page in Japanese journalism. It is an index of the very real interest the Japanese take in books, that these book advertisements occupy the most prominent place in the daily newspapers at a high cost of advertising. Even the department stores are unable to compete with the book dealers in securing the most desirable space in the daily newspapers.

991

If we take literature in the broad sense as the test of culture and as an index of the main current of national interests, we may de- termine what a nation is reading by discovering the authors who are most prominently before the people, especially in a nation so subject to fads as the Japanese. It is probably true that among the Ameri- cans the fad centers in a book, while in Japan interest centers in the author.

The successive phases through which the reading interest has passed since the country was opened may be indicated by the interest taken in such writers as Rousseau, Spencer, Tolstoy, Eucken and Karl Marx. These names have been at different times focal centers of interest on the part of the reading public in Japan.

The first impression made by our Western civilization on Japan was the political liberty enjoyed by Occidental nations. The history under the Tokugawas, to which they had been accustomed, was pa- ternalistic and despotic in the extreme. Therefore, the writings of Jean Jacques Rousseau were read with eager interest and his name was potent in the creation of parliamentary government in Japan. The defeat of the French in the Franco-Prussian War resulted in a change from French to German influence in the moulding of J apa- nese institutions.

Next came Herbert Spencer as the outstanding represent&,tive of the age of science and the power gained through invention, ex- ceeding anything pictured in fable or dreamed of among the J apanese. Huxley and Haeckel were also well known and their names were linked with Spencer's, as was that of John Stuart Mill with Rousseau's. Darwin's "Origin of Species" was read by some and yet the great interpreter of evolution was Herbert Spencer and his books were to be seen everywhere.

Realism and naturalism in literature and the pursuit of money .and success in business life were new to the Japanese. Political economy was not foreign to Confucianism, but, as the science of money making and capitalistic production, it was new. It formed no part of the moral equipment of the good citizen. The new ideas caused Tolstoy's sun to mount on the horizon while the light of Herbert Spencer's philosophy was setting. Tolstoy has exhibited a vitality that Spencer was not able to maintain, and the consciousness of a moral law, absent in Spencer and present in Tolstoy, may account for the difference. It is probably true that Tolstoy's influence was due to the ascetic strain in his message; his disapproval of money making and his detachment from the feverish thirst and ambition of the great age of economics then dawning in Japan. At any rate, his writings, introduced by Tokutomi, the novelist, gained vogue and still command a wide reading.

When the thunderbolt of the European War came with tragic suddenness in 1914, Rudolf Eucken was preparing to make a tour

WHAT THE JAPANESE ARE READING

through the Orient and to give a series of lectures in Japan as the guest of the Tokyo Imperial University. His name had become a household word with the Japanese and it is not easy to explain the psychology of a prepossession so complete as that of the Japanese reading public with the name of Rudolf Eucken. Tradition and cul- ture through generations of the past had inculcated in the mind of Japan a certain aversion to materialism. When Eucken adopted the term "spiritual" as the keynote of his philosophy, he not only ap- peared to be a man with a message in his own part of the world, but his inspiring productions evoked a response in the mind of Japan as real as it was general. The Japanese thought they had found in Eucken a prophet of a spiritual civilization, something of which they felt the need. This tide in favor of Eucken was broken by the clash of arms and the European INar absorbed all interest and thought for the four or five ensuing years.

Today the name that suggests itself as symbolizing the active interest and serious tendency of the Japanese reading public is that of Karl Marx. The trend now foreshadows struggle, not on the part of individuals, but between great sections of the popUlation; between the ultra-conservatives and an increasing number to whom socialism appeals with an attraction as deceptive as it is irresistible. For a long time, the discussion of socialistic subjects was denied to the public and a strict censorship kept that particular type of literature out of the market. The policy now seems to be that set forth in our hearing by a recent Cabinet Minister who declared that thought must be overcome by means of thought. The wider tolerance consists rather in the recognition of a scientific study of all phases of current thought, even of Communism and Socialism, as something the intelligent public, as well as the students, may be permitted to enjoy. Radical tendencies are strongest among students, laborers and to some extent among farmers. The strength of the new radical ideas is not in their intrinsic reasonableness, but rather in the indictment brought against existing conditions.

We have not taken account of the small but disproportionately forceful influence of the professing Christians, nor has there been any attempt to specify the type of reading now prevalent. Bergson's name may be placed alongside that of Eucken and WaU Whitman might be mentioned as connected with the more recent phases of democracy. Walter Pater, whose cult of beauty is opposed to asceticism, is having a certain vogue among university students and many new books on psychology and sex problems are thrusting themselves more than ever into the foreground. Popular novels written by Japanese show an increasing tendency to bring religious subjects into fiction. New discoveries in English literature are constantly being made by the Japanese, who find themselves much interested, for example, in Amiel's Journal, and his melancholy introspection.

3

The relation of Japanese reading to Christian opportunity and obligation may be easily seen. The national mind is being increasingly subjected to Western literary influences. National traditions are losing their power and the mind of Japan is capable of being moulded for good or evil. During the past decades, the Christian religion has been regarded with suspicion and fear, as if it threatened to undermine loyalty and filial piety hitherto regarded as the foundation of the State. The more recent trend is making Christianity appear to be not a radical but a conservative force, capable of offsetting destructive influences more menacing than ever before. There is an unwholesome tendency, generally speaking, in the literature of the present and the most powerful corrective is to be found in the Bible and in Christian books. Jesus said to His earliest disciples, "Ye are the light of the world," and He added, "Neither do men light a lamp, and put it under the bushel, but on the stand; and when the true light should be put, not under the bushel, but on the it shineth unto all that are in the house." If there ever was a time stand that.time is now.

Present-Day Ideas in Japan A paper presented at the National Conference in Tokyo, and prepared by Prof. S. Saito, of the Tokyo Imperial University, Dr. M. Uemura and Dr. S. H. Wainright I. MORAL IDEAS.

M OST of the intelligent Japanese young men of today are eager seekers after truth.. This may be a good influence of naturalism. They prize truthfulness more than righteousness. Though they are more anxious to know what life is than what life ought to be, they cannot be stigmatized as immoral, for to be' truthful is highly moral. They are taught in school what is the summum bonum according to an old moral theory, but their minds are too flexible to keep hold of that old theory and not to be held on by new ideas that are inundating the whole land. So that they are often puzzled about te'lling right from wrong in some particular cases. And it is one thing to be indig·nant at hypocrisy and another to be unrestrained in natural impulses. There lie pros and cons on the present state of morality among young men.

Looseness in marriage bond and publication of so many books and periodical articles on sexual problems are against the extension of Christianity.

Pros: II. PHILOSOPHICAL IDEAS Cans: 1. Neo-Idealism is winning its way. 2. Some books on philosophy of religion are selling well, and they came mostly from the pen of Christian scholars. 3. Bankruptcy of superficial optimism: the Great War has done this. 1. Some of the above mentioned books are heterodox.

III. RELIGIOUS IDEAS Pros: 1. People are becoming religious. They "stretch lame hands of faith, and grope, and call to what they feel is Lord of all.))

PRESENT DAY IDEAS IN JAPAN

2. Christian phraseology is so widely used that even lives of Bud- dhist priests are written in Christian coloring, sometimes putting St. Paul 's s!ly~ng into the mouth of Shinran Shouin. This ten- dency at once facilitates and becomes an obstacle to the 'propaga- tion of Christianity.

3. St. Francis of Assisi is well known. Cons: 1. Theistic tendency.

2. Mysticism, spiritual influence of which is doubtful. . 3. Superstitions old and new.

4. Shinto. Some government officials are forced to worship Shinto.

IV. LITERATURE Pros: 1. Works written with moral earnestness are read most o:f' all. Among them, T. Kagawa's works are downright Christian, and though H. Kikuchi's and S. Mushakoji's are not the Christian spirit they urge one to be moral.

2. Some Christian poets are popular among students of European literature; e. g., Dante, Milton, Browning, Thompson, and some French Catholic poets.

3. Most of t.he young men interested in literature like Dostoiefski and Tolstoi.

4. Such intellectual delicacy and impressionability as shown in W. Pater, who is well known among thoughtful young men, will create pro-Christians of the type of Marius the Epicurean.

Cons: 1. Most of the Christian writers have not fascinating literary style. 2. Works without Christian consciousness of sin (e. g., W. Whitman and O. Wilde) are in vogue. 3. Some novelists write opprobriously about Christianity. 4. JEstheticism. Pater may lead one to Hellenistic enjoyment of life rather than to Christian blessedness.

V. EDUCATION Pros: 1. Creation of the Western mind. 2. Teaching of modern languages of Europe, especially English.

3. Many hymn tunes taught at primary schools make it very easy for non-Christians to join in singing hymns.

4. People are now much interested in higher education of girls. Cons: 1. Worship of national gods at some Shinto festivals.

2. No programme for scientifically teaching boys and girls what re- ligion is. 3. In primary and middle school textbooks there are too many tales which tend to give boys and girls unsound ideas of patriot- ism and heroism.

. VI. SOCIAL PROBLEMS AND MISCELLANEOUS Pros: 1. People are inclined to regard a laborer not as an instrument but as a personality.

2. The idea that" labomre est orare" can be introduced by the labor .movement. .

3. Sympathy for the poor.

4. Internationalistic movements.

5.. Popularity of Christmas festivity.

.6. Sunday observance is facilitated by the growing custom of having rest on Sunday.

Cons: l. Materialistic view of life inculcated by some Socialists. 2. Jingoistic Nationalism.

3. Irregular daily li:f'e.

Opportunities for Christian

in Japan BY REV. C. K. LIPPARD, D.D., KOBE, JAPAN Missionary of the Lutheran Church in America, 1900· T HE Japanese have always appreciated education, but it was not until the Meiji Era that an attempt was made to popularize it. At the beginning of the reign of Meiji Tenno (1867) it was decided that his Government shonld seek for information in all parts of the world. Japan has been greatly benefited by the splendid minds that were sent to study in the leading universities of Europe and America. Through the leadership of those well trained men great progress has been made in civilization and, today, Japan can stand shoulder to shoulder with civilized nations in so far as material progress is concerned. Nor has she discontinued this policy, for even now her young men are found in great numbers in the leading universities of the world.

But the emphasis upon education has been shifted to the homeland. The Japanese are now insistent upon building and equipping universities and schools of higher learning so that the great number of students seeking .for higher education may be accommodated. Even greater emphasis is being laid by the Central Government, and by the country at large, upon general education. Attendance at primary schools has been made compulsory for boys and girls alike, and now 97 per cent of the children of school age are enrolled in such schools.

While Japan is able to take care of the primary education of her people, she cannot accommodate the large number applying for entrance to the grammar grades and higher schools. In 1920, 134,518 boys applied for entrance to the middle schools; only 52,599 could be accommodated, while of the 59,205 young women who applied for admission to government higher schools, only 38,837 could be received. To provide fully for these boys and girls 260 new schools would have been needed.

This situation forms the finest opportunity for the Church to supply Christian education. So eager are the boys and girls of Japan for education that they will enter mission schools in spite of their foreign attachments and their Christian character.

THE EFFECT OF PURELY SECULAR EDUCATION In government schools religion of all kinds is omitted. Little wonder, then, that her education is materialistic, bringing forth a brood of agnostics and atheists to be the leaders of .Japan. Such education naturally blunts the finer sensibilities of the rising genera- , 996 tion. Students may be told to "be good"; but the power to fulfill the command is lacking.

What Japan has provided for the moral development of her students is embodied in what is known as "The Imperial Rescript on Education. " This enjoins four cardinal virtues: namely, benevolence, righteousness, loyalty, and filial piety. By insistent and persistent effort on the part of the instructors a knowledge of these virtues is being fixed upon the hearts of the students.

Loyalty to the Throne is the one cardinal virtue universally insisted upon. By displaying the Emperor's picture in the assembly room of the schools on certain holidays, and by the public reading of the "Imperial Rescript on Education" they try to inculcate a reverence for the Imperial House that amounts to what is considered by many intelligent men of Japan, equivalent to religious worship.

The effect, on the one hand, has been to make the Japanese extremely patriotic, and on the other hand, to narrow their international thinking ~o such an extent that it is extremely difficulty for them to sympathize with other nations. Many educators consider this attitude essential to the preservation of the national life and mortllity.

In the instruction given the children of Japan, Ohristians recognize a distinct lack of that high moral sensibility found in Ohristian teaching that renders such splendid service to the young in their search for moral standards in sex relationships and in all public activities.

EDUCATIONAL WORK BY MISSIONARY AGENCIES There are at present, in Japan, 303 Ohristian kindergartens with 9,910 pupils; 20 Primary Schools with 2,946 pupils; 34 Middle Schools for boys with 9,151 students; 55 Higher Schools for girls with 11,251 students, and 7 Industrial Schools with 1,222 students. 'l'hese schools, wherever found, are powerfully influencing the pupils and, in a measure, the entire development of national education. Especially has Christian education had a leading part in making Japan see the need for schooling her women above the elementary grade. If Ohristianeducation in Japan had Jone nothing else, this alone would be well worth its cost.

Ohristian education has undoubtedly produced practically all of the pastors, evangelists and other Ohristian workers who have thus far advanced the Ohristian cause in Japan. Its results are seen also in the young men and women who return to their homes to enter secular callings and who carry with them the Christian message which exerts an influence far beyond our ability to describe. Through these men and women the national life of Japan has been and is being made better.

Christian eduction has produced SOme of the leaders of Japan

-such men for instance, as the present Counselor to the Imperial Prince Regent; such a leader in philanthropy as Tomioka who for fifteen years has been the leading spirit in the Department of Home Affairs and matters of social welfare and reform; Kagawa who is now doing such a wonderful work for the uplift of the laboring class in Japan, is another product. It has produced leaders in every department of life, especially in literature, in law, and in social reform. Finally, Christian education, more than any other influence, has created a world outlook and fostered a sense of universal brotherhood in the hearts of the Japanese.

Among the outstanding triumphs of Christianity in Japan, Christian education takes the leading place. Although the results have not been what eager hearts may well desire, the fact that 30 per cent of the graduates of Christian schools go out as avowed Christians is reason for encouragement. If "there is joy in the presence of the angels over one sinner that repenteth," the approval of Heaven would seem to be given to this form of Christian work in Japan. We cannot be pessimistic in the face of such results.

Today the dawn of unprecedented prosperity is breaking upon the Christian schools of Japan. But there is one serious consideration for the leaders of the Church to face. This is found in the fact that the Imperial Government through the Department of Education is making a fresh study of educational methods the world over, and through constant supervision is increasing the efficiency of its schools and raising the standards of secular education. These standards must at least be met if Christian education is to be worthy of its name and press forward to the attainment of its ultimate goal.

The opportunity for unique service is before the Christian forces of Japan, and the Church must make a mighty effort to equip her educational institutions there with well trained and truly Christian teachers in order that a representative native leadership may be raised up, upon whom shall rest the ultimate evangelization and Christianization of that Empire.

This life is school-time. Whatever word God writes on top of your page – Patience, Courage, Love, l<~orgiveness, Resignation, Servicecopy it over and over till He gives you another word. Never murmur. Do your best to solve your problems. If you are in the dark, say: "Speak Lord, for Thy servant heareth. " When you feel like complaining, listen. Be still before God. David said, "I was dumb, I opened not my mouth; because Thou didst it." That is better than moaning and lamenting; but let us leap from David to Jesus, and say, "The cup which my Father hath given me, shall I not drink it Y" "Father, glorify thy name." So shall we be made perfect through suffering, and the trial of our faith be found to praise and honor and glory at the appearing of Jesus Christ in us now, and in the day of triumph by and by.-ltIaltbie Davenport Babcock.

OF THE SUDAN WHO NEED THE GOOD

The Women of the Sudan BY MRS. DAVTD S. OYLER, DOLAIB HILL, SUDAN American United Presbyterian Mission T HE inhabitants of the Sudan are not a homogenous people, but tribe borders on tribe. While they mingle to some extent they do not assimilate, each tribe retaining its own customs and traditions. The one hundred and fifty tribes of this vast country are thrown together and often some tribes oppress their brethren. The northern Sudan is Moslem, and the women are subject to the same influences that drag down their sisters in other Mohammedan lands, though the natural kindliness of the Sudanese may mitigate their burdens.

In the southern portion paganism predominates, and each tribe has its own religion. The tribe among whom we work is known as Shilluks (the Arabic name), but they call themselves Shulla or Shole. While ·this tribe is not large, it is the only tribe that has been able to hold its own among tribes far superior in numbers for it has a strong central government with a king. Their holdings on the banks of the White Nile and the Sobat have been coveted by other tribes, but by bravery they have held their possessions, and have been able to retaliate on their enemies. In 1871 Schweinfurth estimated the population at 1,000,000 but at present the estimates vary from 60,000 to 200,000. Not only were men killed in battle, but the young and feeble were slaughtered by the invaders and the more promising men were carried off to the Dervish capital. Women have a high position among the Shullas, in direct contrast to the position 999

of Mohammedan women. When a chief is Clhosen for a village, the women have a part in the ceremony, and formerly some women were able rulers. In councils between tribes, or in deciding for war, the women also have a minor part.

When trouble appears, and war is imminent, all the men able to carry shield and spear hasten to the encounter. The fights are usually local feuds, and are staged near home. The women follow close behind the fighting men in order to bear the dead from the field of battle, and to help the wounded to places ·of safety. In defeat women have even pleaded with their victors to spare their wounded. The Shulla code of honor will not permit a man to injure a woman in battle.

The marriage customs have a large part in fixing the place of women. The dowry is large, ten head of cattle being paid by the young man for his bride; also the father-in-law extracts many sheep and other treasures from his prospective son-in-law. The young man approaches the girl first, and if she gives her consent he goes to the father. If he refuses the marriage does not occur. However, after the girl refuses the case may be carried to the father, and he may reverse the girl's decision. In that case it becomes a test of endurance between the girl and her father, and if she endnres the prescribed tests the father cannot marry her off against her will. In the choice of husbands the girls seem to have considerable latitude._ A man physically inferior has a difficult time getting married; and many men considered good "catches" by the fathers are refused by the girls.

A wife is expected to bring with her to her new home a supply of simple cooking vessels, and some clothes. Contrary to our custom the husband and wife do not care for each other in times of sickness, but their own relatives must minister to them. If a wife dies without children her father must refund the cattle. If she is immoral, lazy, a poor cook, or unable to bear children she IDay be returned to her father, and the dowry is refunded. On the other hand, if the cattle die, the husband must replace them.

Polygamy is permitted, and the number of wives a man has is limited only by his powers to buy. Very few of the young men have more than (me wife, but many of the old men have many. As daughters marry off their dowries bring in new wives for the father. The women are property to the extent that they are bought by the dowry, and are also inherited. When a man dies his eldest son inherits his wives, with the exception of his mother, who goes to the nearest male relative. Should a man die without a son, or if the son is a minor, his nearest male relative gets his wives. When a father dies the brother gets the dowry which his sisters bring. In spite of the financial basis of the marriage true love is frequent and very often brothers and sisters are dev'oted to each other.

THE WOMEN OF THE SUDAN

In distinction from the Mohammedan, the Shulla is as pleased over the birth of a girl as he is over a boy. When a man is asked which he would rather have he usually says that it makes no difference to him, except that he does not want all his children to be of the same sex. A son keeps the father's name alive in the village, but the daughter brings wealth.

The mother holds a large place in the affections of her children. Unfortunate is the lad whose father has passed away to the Great Beyond, the region which holds so much terror for them; but more unfortunate still is he whose mother is dead. It does one good to hear the way some of the young men speak about their mothers. Their pride and affection are often as great as those in our own land. Our second convert, who has always been respected for his morality. attributes this to the training he received from his mother. Since his conversion he is seeking to lead his mother in the Way of Truth, and she has become a diligent enquirer. However she is not typical of her race because very few teach their children to be truthful and clean. Frequently parents encourage their children to steal or deceive for profit.

The women are so ignorant that they do not know enough to be good mothers. As a rule they are neat housekeepers and frequently permit those dependent on them for food to go a day without anything to eat, just because it did not suit their convenience to cook that day. They often get sulky, and run away from home, because of some wrong, either real or fancied. Scolding and quarreling are frequent and men have the right to whip their wives. Occasionally one is brave enough to avail himself of that prerogative. One man, when reproached for whipping his wife, replied, "It is absolutely necessary for a black woman to be punished sometimes, or she will become so disobedient that she will not do a thing her husband desires. "

Some of the women are pure, but many of them are immoral, and impurity is often treated lightly. Their standard is different from the white man's as the greater stigma and the severer punishment are placed on the man, even when the woman has deliberately led the :plan astray.

The Sudanese women lack ambition, and without enquiring minds they stolidly accept that which has come down to them from the ages. They are opposed to the advance of new ideas, and' hence it is difficult to interest them in the Gospel. However, they are very slowly, but surely turning to the light. Some have already been baptized, and others have been placed in an enquirers' class.

From their ignorant ancestors, they have received a heritage of superstition; a heritage of ease and laziness, which cannot be overcome until a new power arises in their hearts; a heritage of slavery

and oppression; and an animistic religion which makes the poor devotee a prey to fear.

To assist in their elevation they have physical strength, and a nature which thirsts for knowledge of the unseen. The joyousness and cheerfulness of the race give them a bright promise for the future, in the day when the darkness of the centuries shall disappear, and the Light of the world shining into their hearts shall lead them to take an interest in the great realities of the world beyond and to become children of the Heavenly Father.

The Story of N yakeiru-An African Girl BY JOSEPHINE B. HOPE, KIJOBJ T HIS morning one of the native girls came into the dining- room of the mission at Kijobi, British East Africa. She came in singing happily, with some dishes in her hands, which she arranged on the shelves. She is good looking in her dress of dark blue print, with no heathen ornaments on her, and it was hard to realize that a few weeks ago she was a heathen, dressed in skins, living in a native hut.

The story of Nyakeiru's childhood is that of almost every other child of her tribe. They keep no account of birthdays or birthplaces; so her earliest rec{)llection is that of being left in a village with the other children while the older people were absent all day.

Her father had nine wives and each wife had several children. Day after day, they were left to amuse themselves or abuse each other as they pleased. Can you imagine a worse condition of child- life~ In this part of Mrica the boys usually wear no clothing at·all until seven or eight years of age, and then their attire is limited to a girdle or loin cloth. The little girls of four or five wear a tiny apron, and not until about ten or twelve do they put on the regulation skins which partially cover the body, After the men of the village have stretched a goat or sheep skin to dry and left it, the children scrape off the inner skin and cook and eat it. They eat the skin and legs of the wild partridges, of which the elders have eaten the better parts.

When Nyakeiru was about ten, a great famine came and brought much suffering, especially among the women and children. The father had issued his commands that the children were not to go to the garden for food, because he wanted it all for himself. He often let the children go hungry, while he gorged himself and grew fat. But the children had a little pot hidden away in the bushes, and they would steal into the garden,. procure food, and cook it far from the village. One child would stand on watch lest the father discover

THE STORY OF NYAKEIRU-AN AFRICAN GIRL

them. Many a time they were discovered and severely beaten. The mothers fared as badly as the children, and although they tried in every way to lessen the suffering of their little ones, what could they do? Many children were killed when caught stealing food. To make lilatters worse, smallpox broke out; and without care or attention three of her father's -wives and many of the children died.

Once her father made a raid on a neighboring tribe, the Masai, to procure food and after a fierce battle, he with his men brought THE HOME OF AN AFRICAN INLAND MISSIONARY IN KIJABI. BRITISH EAST AFRICA home a goodly share of the enemies' herds. F'or once there was more food than the men could devour.

Many a time, all that the children had was the greens they found and ate. But Nyakeiru and a number of her brothers and sisters, as well as her father and mother, lived through the famine, and she grew up until she was old enough to be sold as someone's wife. She was nOw old enough to attend the native dances; Nyakeiru had" entered society," for she belonged to the upper class.

About this time the Swahilis, a tribe that had been enslaved by the Arabs at the coast and were much used as porters throughout the country, were troubling the A.gikuyu much. Kiheriko, the father, went to Kinyanjui, the paramount chief of southern Gik~yu, a man

with fifty wives, and told him he might have one of his daughters if he would give him and his people protection. His eldest daughter refused to go, aud was immediately bought by another man. Wan- gesi, the second daughter, was refused "point blank," so it fell to Nyakeiru to go. She feared the great chief, with his many wives whom he often beat severely, and she too refused to go. Her father tried to beat her into submission and her cries were heard by one of the mission boys, who rescued her. Finally she succeeded in escaping from her home, and was concealed at the mission for several days. In the end her younger sister was given to Kinyanjui as she was not only willing but desired to become the wife of the chief.

A few weeks later Nyakeiru was sold to a young man named Kagia, a Masai-born, who had been brought up among the Agikuyu. He had one other wife, inherited at the death of his older brother, but professed to love only Nyakeiru. Shortly after her marriage she found her husband to be a brute" and he treated her cruelly. She finally was compelled to seek refuge agaiu at the mission station and was v.ery ill for many days from the beating he had given her. Her husband threatened to kill her when she came back, so that prayer was 'Offered for her. The impossible came to pass for her father paid back the goats and sheep he had received for her, and her husband was compelled to give her up as he wanted only to "wreak his vengeance on her and to torture her.

Nyakeiru lives now at the mission, happy and contented. She has a true, sturdy nature and two weeks ago was baptized. Her testimony given before all the people was straightforward and sin- cere. She is bright in her school work, happy and capable in what- ever she undertakes to do, but best of all she is a shining Christian.

Recent Sunday-school Progress BY DR. W. C. PEARCE, NEW YORK CITY Associate General Secretary of the World's Sunday School Association Xthe World's Sunday School Convention in Tokyo, three years ago, provision was made for the organization of national sec- tions of the Association in addition to the British and American sections. It was the conviction that the time had arrived for extending the work and for making the Association a veritable spiritual League of Nations. This provision was supported by the adoption of a policy of world visitation in order to promote the organizations of these national sections. Already thirty nations have been visited, containing eleven hundred millions of the world's population. In some, national organizations were already formed and in other nation"s plans were made to organize in the interest of a cooperative program of religious education. It is impossible to estimate what

RECENT SUNDAY-SCHOOL PROGRESS

the formations of these national sections may really mean to the Christian work of the world, especially since these national organizations are officered by Christians who, by experience and spiritual and intellectual attainments, are highly qualified to lead such a movement. One's heart feels a thrill of encouragement when the following nations are mentioned amongst those which have formed national Sunday-school. organizations-Australia, New Zealand, Czecho- Slovakia, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Turkey, Denmark and Algeria. In other lands, such as India and China, old Associations have been or are being modified to meet the larger demand made upon them.

The production of indigenous Sunday-school literature is a very evident universal and long-felt need which was very fully discussed at Tokyo. The missionary, patriotic and native illustrations used in English Sunday-school lesson helps are naturaliy taken from British and American history and, therefore, do not appeal strongly to other people. There may be unity in the selection and exposition of lesson courses, but there should be much modification in illustrative material to be effective in other parts of the world. Sunday-school literature in America and Great Britain has made it possible for the common man to qualify as a fairly efficient Sunday-school teacher and any large Sunday-school advance throughout the world depends on the development of indigenous lesson courses and literature. A Joint Advisory Lesson Committee has been appointed, composed of representatives from The Foreign Missions Conference, The International Sunday School Council of Religious Education, The Committee on Cooperation in Latin America and The World's Sunday School Association. The cooperation of Great Britain has also been assured. Provision is also being made for men, experienced in curriculamaking, editorial work and publication of literature, to visit the various parts of the world and, by conference with leaders and personal interviews, interpret our experience to them. Everywhere quick and hearty cooperation is anticipated.

A Larger Financial Support.-Since the Tokyo convention, the annual budget has been increased from about $60,000 to $96,000. This means a larger secretarial staff and more appropriations for literature and leadership training.

Space does not permit to mention in detail the preparation for the next world's convention to be held in Glasgow, Scotland, during the third week in June, 1924; the great work of the Surplus Material Department; the visits of denominational experts to various fields, and the remarkable service of the national secretaries in various countries.

Brother-the

BY JAMES TOOKER FORD, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS F OR more than a hundred years, the Christian Crusaders of Europe were engaged in a supreme effort to rescue the Holy Sepulchre from the hated Mohammedans. Five million men set forth on this holy adventure to kill or conquer the sacrilegious hold- ers of the sepulchre, most of them dying of disease or in battle in the attempt. In this enterprise, they thought to show a splendid loyalty to the Cross, but how strangely did they misinterpret the spirit and life and teaching of our Lord! He would have had them rescue Mohammedan souls and not fight for a Christian tomb. He would have had them die to save men, not die to kill unbelievers.

For nearly two thousand years, multitudes of those who claim to be Christians have secretly or openly despised the Jew, thinking that by. doing so they were showing loyalty to Christ. Through centuries they have either neglected, ostracized, persecuted, or massacred the Hebrews to prove their devotion to the Crucified Christ. How sadly have we misunderstood and misinterpreted Him. He died for His own nation as well as the Gentiles and He calls on Hili! followers to die to save the Jews rather than live to despise them~ Strange that almost the whole Christian world fails to love the Jew! In some countries pogroms are the order of the day I Even in enlightened America we look down upon the Jew, passing him by without a friendly thought.

There are fifteen million Jews in the world; over three million in the United States, one and a half million of whom live in New York Oity; three hundred thousand are in Chicago. They often become our next door neighbors. In place of sharing the universal coldness, we should rather love and serve them. We should be in continual prayer on their behalf, being so closely in touch with our Saviour that we would cry, "My heart's desire and prayer to God for Israel is that they may be saved."

The Ohristian's treatment of his Jewish brother through all the centuries, since the time of the early Church, has not recommended the religion of Jesus to our Hebrew brother. It has been a travesty of Ohristianity, a dishonor to Him Whom we profess to honor, a disgraceful volume (not a chapter merely) in the history of Christian civilization. How can we present Christ personally to the Jew unless we iirst treat him as a brother1 The experiences of the recent war ought to obliterate racial antagonism, for nearly 200,000 Jews were in the armies of America and over two thousand of them laid down their lives for American ideals. 'rhis ought to help Americans, and especially Christian Americans, to treat the American Hebrews as brethren.

1006 Three successive American ambassadors to Turkey were Jews and the first one, (Mr. Straus) drew on his own private purse to help Christian missionaries in distress; the second one (Mr. Morgenthau) offered a million dollars to help deliver the Annenian Christians from the clutch of the Moslems.

A missionary to China and India learns the language of those whom he seeks to reach, and lives with foreign peoples that he ]!lay tell them of Christ and the Cross. But in America are neighbors, speaking the same language, passing us daily to their work and recreation, fellow-citizens of the same republic, as Christless and Crossless as any Hottentot of Africa or Brahmin of India. The Hebrew people as a class are law-abidingo-not brawlers; nor were they addicted to intemperance. Strong ties bind together their large and happy families. They are industrious and in many instances, by pluck and ability, have risen to places of commanding influence.

Two hundred and fifty millionaires are Jews and two thirds of Ne:w York City's wealth belongs to them. They are not heathen but they are non-Christian-and they glory in the fact. The Jew relies on no savior. He relies on himself for his salvation as fully as any Hindu fakir or Moslem devotee. His theory and practice of religion entirely exclude the Cross. To him moral standing before God depends on the balance struck between one's good and bad deeds which in the final judgment are weighed one against the other and if the good deeds outweigh the bad the man enters by right into the gates of Paradise. He is his own savior. As with a sponge on a slate he wipes out the atoning blood of .Jesus. His only sacrifice for sin is a fasting with confession of sin on Yom Kippur, the great Day of Atonement, on which day every loyal Hebrew afflicts hIS soul by abstaining from the least particle of food or drink from sunset to sunset, and by confessing all manner of sins, many of which he may not be consciously guilty of. He thus cleans his slate before God. In his confession he says, "',ve have robbed, we have spoken falsely, we have committed iniquity, we have done violence, we have forged lies, we have scoffed, we have revolted, we have blasphemed, we have been rebellious, we have persecuted"; and so on through a long list of sins. This is their atonement for their souls.

The doctrine of vicarious sacrifice for sin is as utterly repudiated by the modern Jew as by the Brahmin or Confucianist. The one great central doctrine of a divine-human Redeemer, the only hope of a sinful world, does not exist in his experience or philosophy any more than in the experience and philosophy of Marcus Aurelius or a modern Hindu fakir.

What are we Christians of today going to do about this ~ The Church of the first century carried the doctrine of the Cross first to the Jews and then to the Gentiles. Of course it suffered persecution, and we today may suffer persecution if we carry the Gospel

of Jesus to them, for to them the doctrine of Christ as a divinehuman being is blasphemous and contrary to their daily repeated word: "The Lord our God is one God." 1'he Trinity to them means three gods and to worship such means idolatry. -With the veil still on their hearts, they hate the Cross and hold that "the preaching of Jesus is a dog's work." It must be confessed that for seventeen centuries the Jew has seen nothing in the Christian's spirit or con- duct toward his people to recommend Jesus to him, or that would help to remove this veil. No wonder he is clannish and has developed characteristics which have separated him from the rest of the world! Persecution! "Christian" persecution through all these long dreadful centuries has developed or intensified his racial traits.

Gorlchakoff spoke of the Russian Jew as a great scourge upon any people. Bismarck answered that the Government's policy toward them had given them the character of which he complained. .

They are now perhaps at the greatest religious crisis in their history. Business relations and the adoption of Gentile customs are tending to break down their exclusiveness and their re- spect for the forms of their religion, so that the tendency of their young people is to break away from the old orthodox Jewish faith and drift into" no religion," to become agnostics leading prayerless, godless lives. A number of Jewish writers are expressing the fear "that Israel will be swallowed up of the nations." But we cannot share in this fear. Somehow God, Who has mysteriously kept them as a race through the distressing past, will weld them still for the great plan of the world's redemption. Sometime they will become the world's greatest evangelists. But their condition now is appalling. The statement of a young Jew to the writer doubtless describes the actual spiritual condition of a very large majority of young Jews. He said, "I never read the Bible and never go to the synagogue except on Yom Kippur. I serve God one day, and serve myself the rest of the year." .

Is it not for the lack of sufficient consecrated, loving, gospel work among them that young Jews are growing up to have no reli- gion? They are giving up the religion of their fathers, which con- sists largely in forms and customs, observance of days (mere dead works), and, being poisoned against the Christian religion, are now practically without religion. The Christian Church of America is doing precious little to stop this dangerous drifting! By our neglect, we are allowing a mass of the most inflammable material to accumulate in our communities (these bright active impressionable and excitable young minds without the conserving force of religion) and a spark from somewhere may set aflame a political conflagration.

Then we will rue our neglect but it may be too late. It is a plain truth that where there is no religion-no morality, and if no morality -then pandemonium.

MBTHODS

Zili14JS! d! ;I ,was Wi EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, ROOM 721, MUHLENBERG BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA, P A.

FINDING THE OPEN DOOR T HE MASTER Who gave His unqualified, unlimited commission- " Go ye into all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature" -could easily have qualified and limited it, if He had not meant that it should be unqualified and unlimited.

We have no more right to conclude that only a fem Christians are called to go into all the world to preach the Gospel than we have to assume that the only door of obedience to His commission is entered by the actual purchase of a steamship ticket to some foreign port.

Our churches should lay on the heart of every member the individual obligation to the great commission, and then help each one to find his own open door of opportunity.

PRINCIPLES AND METHODS secration of both life and money, Three Principles rather than on "raising money."

1. No Christian should decide on 3. Special vocational meetings for his life work without giving first con- high school boys and girls may include sideration to direct missionary serv- the presentation of the missionary ice in the home or foreign field. calling, with its many phases of in- 2. Those who decide they cannot go dustrial, medical and agricultural in person have no less responsibility work. Frequently, a series of voca- for the salvation of the wPrld than do tional leetures or talks is given w!ith those who actually sail on ships or no mention of missionary opportu- travel by rail. Whatever a Christian's nity. Activity on the part of the mis- place of residence may be, his purpose sionary leadership of the community must be a missionary purpose. might have resulted in the inclusion 3. It is the responsibility and the of "The Missionary" under list of opportunity of the Church to help topics on vocations to be presented.

each member to find the door of re- 4. Denominational student secresponsibility through which he can best give his answer to his Master's "Go taries may mail bulletins and other yeo " literature to all of their high school Six Methods and college students. 5. Communities or the individual 1. By regular and systematic teach- churches may arrange special lunch- ing in the Sunday-school, each scholar eons or suppers to which various may be brought to face individual re- groups – doctors, nurses, teachers- sponsibility for life service. may be invited to consider a program 2. In the missionary organizations of special needs.

for the children and young people of 6. Students in colleges should have the churches, the stress should be laid (a) The best missionary speakers quietly and persistently on the con- obtainable during the year.

1009 4

(b) A schedule of mission study Their outfit was prepared and they classes. I'i J were ready to sail to Brazil. At '8 meet- (c) Opportunity to attend na- ing of the Presbytery called in the tional, district and state student mis- church in Midway, the question was sionary conventions. again opened and by a small majority (d) Missionary guests of various it was voted that after all it was too nationalities. expensive to send a family to the field, (e) MilSSionary posters and charts so that their commission was recalled on the wall. -even before they had sailed.

(f) :Missionary books in the library As the members of the Presbytery and missionary magazines and leaflets came out of the meeting, Mrs. Moffett in rCllding rooms. faced them in the vestibule. Tears (g) Missionary prayer circles. were in her eyes and determination (h) A program of actual commu- was in her heart. " You wiU not let nity and missionary service. me go," she said, "but I'll send every child I have." A great peace filled THE WOMAN WHO WENT EIGHT her heart. She had prayed earnestly TIMES OVER INSTEAD OF that God would not let her miss His ONCE ONLY will for her life. It had been hard to understand why, again and again, the About fifty years ago, Carrie Lena door had been closed before her eager Crawford, a high spirited, popular feet, but now the answer was clear. "The door is not closed. You are to girl of old Kentucky, faced many go–not in person, but through your doors that opened before her invit- ingly. She was full of fun and a rol- children. " lickingly good humor. When she studied the Westminster Catechism she She not only gave her children but learned not only the first phrase of the she trained them for lives of service. answer to the question "What is the There was no long-faced Christianity chief end of man T" "To glorify in her life. Her piety was deep and God"-but also the second phrase- genuine but she entered into the "And to enjoy Him fo'rever." She sports and pleasures of her children as "enjoyed" her Lord so thoroughly if she were as young as they.

she wanted to share her joy with the About twenty-five years she spent in whole world. getting ready to go, not as one mis- sionary, but as eight missionaries- Before the Student Volunteer through her eight children. Movement was organized, she offered herself to the Foreign Mission Board Then one day she was stricken sudof the Presbyterian Church. "Too denly. "Only a few days more," the young" was the reply. "It is not ad- doctor whispered. "Even so, come visable to send such a very young and quickly, Lord Jesus," she answered inexperienced girL" with confidence and joy. She went happily home, knowing in her heart Miss Crawford became Mrs. Alex- that, although her own eyes might ander Stuart Moffett and she and Dr. never see the ships on which she sailed Moffett both volunteered for foreign to foreign lands, some day she would mission service but again the Mission g(}-eight times over. Aud she did go.

Board said " Not advisable." Rev. Lacy Moffett. Years pasl>ed but the missionary Miss Carrie Lena Moffett. Mrs. May Moffett Crenshaw. purpose did not pass from their Mrs. Emma Moffett McMullen. hearts. When Dr. Moffett was pastor at Midway, Kentucky, and he was fifty years old and his wife forty-nve, Mrs. Paxt.on Moffett Crawford.

they offered themselves once more. Miss Natalie Moffett – her children They had six children, and planned to are in foreign mission service today.

place the older ones in school in Amer- Another son, Rev. Harry Moffett, who ica. At last they were accepted. was unable to go to the foreign field

BEST ME'r1!ODS

because of ill health, is at work with a not only her own distinguished son, missionary purpose in America and but also more than forty other young another daughter, Mrs. Maude Mof- people into Christian service through fett Walker, is living in America, her prayers and her personal work.

training her own children for Chris- A school teacher in teaching geog- tian service. raphy ineidentally taught missions So did Carrie Lena Crawford Mof- also.

fett go eight times over instead of Eliza Agnew, "Mother of a thou- once. sand daughters," went out from that HER SECOND CHANCE class to Ceylon.

In a recent convention, a young col- A Sunday-school snperintendent inlege woman was introduced as a stu- terested himself in the circulation of dent volunteer. Her face was radiant missionary papers in his school. A with the light of a great purpose. In little girl who became interested in clear tones she told of that purpose. reading the papers became a valuable missionary in Japan.

A father took time on Sunday after- noons to talk with his little son aod show him missionary pictures. The father never 8ailed as a missionary • but the world knows of the work of Alexander Duff, the son, who became the pioneer of higher education in India.

Someone placed a missionary book, "The Star of the East," in the hands of a young man. Adoniram Judson read the book and decided to give up his delightful parish in Boston to fol- low the leading of the Star into the mis~ion field.

John Williams, "Apostle to the South Seas," attributed his first in- terest in missions to the stirring mis- sionary sermons preached by his pastor.

Mothers and fathers in their homes, Sunday-school superintendents and teachers in the schools, pastors in their pulpits, friend:; across the street- MOTHER AND DAUGHTER whatever our occupation, whatever As she sat down a woman arose, her our limitations, many who cannot go hair was white and her shoulders were in person may go through others they bent with the burdens of ye'ars. In lead into the work.

her eyes was the glory of the girl's Through Gift. of Money face as she said: " This is the happiest day of my life. In the children's Mis- Justinian Von Weltz, Austrian sion Band I trained her with mission- nobleman of nearly three hundred ary interest for missionary service and years ago, sold his entire estate so I feel now as if I were going out as a that he might get funds to establish a foreign missionary myself. " school for missionaries.

Pastor Stearns of Germantown, Pa., ENGAGING INDIRECT PASSAGE gave aU of the many and the large The mother of the famous mission- honorariums which came to him from ary, Jacob Chamberlain of India, led his Bible teaching and platform work,

after he had taken out his actual ex- tary, Women's Home Missionary Sopense of travel, for sending out and ciety of the Methodist Episcopal supporting missionaries. He led his Church, has worked out a very effeccongregation so to understand the pos- tive way of telling the story of the sibility of going into all the world that children's work with dolls. they gave one million dollars for foreign missions during his pastorate, From the ten cent store she pursupporting missionaries in practically chased a number of celluloid dolls, every land of earth. three and a half inches high. Their vampish expression was so entirely A student volunteer, who was de- subdued by the attire in which she tained in America, became pastor of arrayed them, that other admiring a weak, struggling congregation in the workers have been slow to believe the West Virginia coal fields. The feel- statement as to whence the dolls came. ing of responsibility for going to the Clothes make the dolls. foreign field was so great he worked unceasingly until his little congrega- Dressed to represent the different tion supported a missionary. nationalities in America, for whom the children are working, the dolls A Georgian of large wealth who had help the secretary to tell most interestbeen living in extravagant luxury put ingly the story of the children of himself on a salary which he agreed many lands, supported by the special was generously large for himself and gifts of the children's societies. The his family and gave the balance of his clothes are stiff so that the dolls stand income to sending out and supporting alone. Every child loves a doll that missionaries. can stand by itself.

Including America As each doll is introduced, the chil- dren tell with great interest all they Surely the Lord did not intend to know about the work being done for exclude America when He gave His the children of the nationality repregreat commission. It requires as true sented – an orphanage for the Haobedience, and sometimes a more diffi- waiian children, another orphanage cult obedience to cross the street in for the Alaskan children, a sleeping missionary service than to go across porch for the Mexican children. the ocean. The whole world has sent its representatives to America, yet The secretary intersperses their many students say the door to mis- questions and answers with stories. sionary service is closed to them if Then she displays dolls of nationalithey cannot go to some foreign coun- ties for whom they are not doing anytry. thing and gives them a forward look to new work that should be begun. "One Chinese student who returns from America to China thoroughly As the doH from Czecho-Slovakia is Christian is worth a whole mission shown, she sings "Jesus Loves Me" in station, " declares an outstanding Czech. When the children are asked leader of Christian work in China. what song it is, all hands go up and they give immediate answer. Then all "Go ye." join in the chorus, the Secretary still The whole world-our parish. singing in Czech and the children in The place which needs us most and English. They agree that God does in which we can accomplish most- understand both languages and that our station. He understands all the children of Our life, our money, our influence, every land whate'Ver language they our time and talents – our opportu- speak or sing. Almost without realiznity. ing that they are being taught, the children, who attend the special chil- PRACTICAL METHODS FOR PRAC- dren's meeting, held by this Secretary as she visits the women's missionary TICAL LEADERS societies in her territory, learn lessons Tell the Story with Dolls Mrs. Collins J. Brook, Field Secre-

BEST METHODS

of international friendship and good The guests first assembled in the will as well as lessons about their own band-stand for the regular missionary denominational missionary work. program with some additional special Secretaries who are forward-look- features. Then the picnic supper, ing will not be content with their which also had additional special fea- tours of visitation of churches unless tures, was served. Toasts from the at every church there is a special various departments were proposed.

meeting or some special features for The President of the Women's Mis- the children. sionary Society made a plea for new THE BEST IS NOT TOO GOOD members. One of the members of the Young Women's Society gave a reoad- One of the Tennessee Auxiliaries of ilng and the president of the Chil- the Woman's Home Missionary So- dren's Society appealed to mothers to ciety of the First Methodist Episcopal send their children to the meetings.

Church has a quartette of musical Everyone had a good time and an women w:ith exceptionally good and added interest was given to the work well-trained voices. The President of of both the Ladies' Aid and Missionthe Society, who is also Chairman of ary Societies. the Musici Department of the Wom- an's Club, believes that the best talent DISCARD OUT-OF-DATE FACTS is not too g09d for the missionary so- Railroad s~hedules frequently give date ciety. The members of this quartette of iBRuance followed by this request: " Di4cllIrd all schedules of prevwus dates." have accepted responsibility for the In order that writers, speakers and leaders music for missionary meetings and may have up·to-date information, with give much time, thought and talent to enough perspective for a discriminating es- its planning, preparation and rendi- timate of values, various outstanding leaders have been aslied to give statements and comtion. They help also at district and ments on the events of the year 1922 in the conference meetings. various countries in which they are working.

Of course, this means special re- Rev. E. C. Lobenstine, of Shanghai, hearsals which take time from the formerly Secretary of the China Continuadays filled with professional duties, tion Committee, writes of the year 1922 in but these talented and trained women China: offer their talents and training gladly, The year 1922 is certain to stand because they love to work for the Ijord out in the history of Christian mis- and His kingdom and because a mis- sions in China as an important land- sionary society, in a talent search, mark. It saw the crystallization of made place for their talents. movements that had been gradually taking shape for years. It marks the BRING YOUR OWN SANDWICHES end of one period in the history of Picnic meetings for the summer modern missions in China and the months should be planned early in entrance upon a new era, during which the leadership will pass inthe year.

Last summe'r the members of the creasingly into Chinese hands and the. Women's Missionary Society of The missionary will have the joy of a new First Lutheran Church of Freeport, fellowship in service with the Chinese.

Illinois, invited the members of the THREE IMPORTA_"'T STUDIES OF MIS- Ladies' Aid Society to be their guests SroNARY WORK WERE COMPLETED AND for a picnic supper. Husbands and PUBLISHED IN THE· SPRING. The first children were included in the invita- of these, the monumental survey of tion. "Bring your own sandwiches The Christian Occupation of China, is and a dish to pass" is a favorite sen- regarded by the International Review tence for Illinois picnic. instructions. of Missions as "the most effective sur- The possible contents of the "dish to vey ever made of any mission field."

pass" add an element of pleasurable It shoWIS the numerical growth and anticipation and speculation. the geographical expansion of the

Christian movement, the number, loca- Christian Conference. Five Commistion and character of the institutions sions spent the greater part of two it has founded, and the successes years in studying different aspects of which it has thus far achieved. There the life of the Christian Church." is very much to encourage in the picture which it presents. A NATIONAL CHRISTIAN CONFER- ENCE WAS HELD IN SHANGHAI IN MAy. There is revealed a healthy growth and a steady raising of standards. The Conference was attended by some The Church is seen to be much six hundred Chinese delegates elected stronger and far more influential than by the different Church bodies, by a it was te'll years ago. Especially note- slightly smaller number of missionworthy is the evidence of the large aries elected by the missions in China, degree of cooperation and union be- and by representatives of the boards tween the one hundred and thirty of foreign missions abroad. different missions, and the working of the principles of comity agreed upon The Conference ushered in a new a few yl'ars ago. At the same time, era in the life of the Church in China. the survey makes it very clear that, The reports gave everyone a clearer as yei, little or no progress has been understanding of the combined made toward the development of an strength of the Christian forces. The indigenous Church in China. Instead, presence in the Conference of the the severai missions have partitioned officially elected delegates from prac- China among themselves, staking out tically every Christian group strengthdenominational spheres of influence in ened the sense of Christian solidarity which, apparently, as the inevitable and awakened the hope that the day accompaniment of their work of evan- was not far distant when all of the gelization, they have transplanted, for Christian forces represented might the most part, Western denomina- present a united front. New momentional churches. tum wag gained for the tasks that lay ahead. The report of the Educational Commission, sent to China in the au- The outstanding impression of the tumn of 1921 by the missionary boards Conference was undoubtedly the high of America and Great Britain, deals qualities of leadership shown by the in a constructive way with the exist- Chinese. The men chosen to fin the ing situation in mission education, most important offices in the Conferemphasizes the necessity of raising the ence were Chinese widely known and standards of elementary and second- honored. They had already won the ary school work and of correlating confidence of the missionary body. more closely the higher educational Many of the speakers were Chinese. work. It urges the development of Their loyal devotion to Christ, their one system of Christian education to cle-ar recognition of the fundamental serve all of the Churches. It lays Christian verities, their passionate great emphasis upon the necessity of longing to give their people the beneimproving the quality of the work fits of the Gospel, the discernment and done even though this means the clos- s~und ~udgment displayed by them in ing of some institutions. The great dlscussmg the task facing the Church, value of the Commission's work was and the masterly way in which the at once recognized, and the respon- officers of the Conference handled the sible authorities both in China and difficult situations that arose- conabroad are engaged in studying how vinced those present who had eyes to they can best carry out the recom- see and an understanding heart that mendations contained in the report. the old mission-centric period was fast ~assing, if it had not already com- The results of the third line of investigation are to be fonnd in the re- * NOTE: Copies of the report may be ordered ports prepared for the National through the Committee of Reference and Council 25 M.adison Av~.• New York, or through the S~andmg C~n:ll:l1lttee of the Conference of Mis- SIOnary SOCIetIes of Great Britain and Ireland Edinburgh House. 2 Eaton Gate. London S. W. 1:

pletely passed, and that we were step- work to an end and in making way for ping across the threshold of a new era. a more directly representative council.

The commission reports and ad- The new Council is not a Church dresses made it clear that there was a Court. It has no legislative functions whatever. It is merely a useful orwidespread feeling among Chinese ganization to bind together Chinese that the foreign character of t~e Church was hindering the more rapId and foreign Christians of every naspread of Christianity, and that the tionalitv and Church who are predevelopment of an indigenous Church pared to confer and work toge~her. should henceforth be made an essen- "The main purpose of the Coun!'Il as tial part of every missionary program. of every Christian agency is the re- The Chinese said very frankly that generation and spiritual upbuilding our Western denominational distinc- of individual men and w;omen and the tions did not interest them, and that permeating of all phases of life and a divided Church in China could not society with the teaching and inmeet the needs of the case. They fluence of Christ. It wtill seltk to called therefore, for more earnest deepen spiritual fellowship between efi'o'rt; toward Church union and its members and between representaurged that steps be taken to make the tives of the Churches. It will act Church more Chinese through the as a central bureau of informaraising up of more thoroughly trained stieoanr~hbeanad base for progressive reaCnhdinweose~eannda through giving such men a clearing house for new larger share in determin- tidheeas~ieawnsd will endeavor to express ing missionary as well as Church of the Churches and mis- policy. sions on great public. and moral ques- They called for a Church that tions on which there is a common mind. " would be thoroughly Christian and at the same time thoroughly Chinese- The Council maintains an office in Shanghai with a staff of two Chinese not American or British or Contin- secretaries of whom one is a woman, ental not Anglican, Baptist, Luth- and two fdreign secretaries, Bishop L. eran,' Presbyterian or Methodist, but H. Roots (American), Dr. Harry T.

Christian and Chinese.

A COMMITTEE OF ONE HUNDR.ED WAS Hodgkin (British). The Council is ELECTED by the Conference as a con- financed by cont.ributions from the covincing proof of the purpose of the Christians in China to move forward operating churches and missions. * together. This committee will serve IN 1922 FOR THE FIRST TIME IN ITS as a bond between the Chinese HISTORY THE WORLD STUDENT CHRIS- Churches and the missions. It was a TIAN FEDERATION MET IN CHINA. The distinct forward move. The name choice of China for this meeting was chosen for the neW organization was in recognition of the growth of Chris- "The National Christian Oouncil of tian influence in that country and of China. " In 1913 when the formation the increasing importance of China of such a council was proposed it was in the life of the world. There were found that the missionaries were nc.t six hundred Chinese delegates and yet convinced of the necessity of it. representatives from thirty other The China Continuation Committee countries. One important feature of was accordingly chosen as an ad-in- the meeting was its strong stand for terim body. Its nine years of service Christian internationalism. A Chinese proved that such a committee could was elected as Oriental Secretary of render valuable service without in any the Federation.

way infringing upon the righ~s fl:nd responsibilitie.s of the. authont.atlVe ·NOTE: The National Christian Conference put religious bO~I~S,. and. It a?co~dm~ly took the imtlative III brmgmg Its itself on TPcord nE: oPP'lsed 1.0 any development of a NatLmal Chinese Church that should not be in harIL'c.ny with a vital Christian Inter.. nationalism.

The publicity given by the press to MISSIONARY INSTITUTIONS IN CHINA the holding of the meeting of the Fed- was another important development. eration in the capital of China, the One of these was to Hong Kong Uniseat of the "New Thought Move- versity (British). Others were to ment," led to an attack by non- Nankai College in Tientsin (a semi- Christian Chinese on the Christian private college founded by Dr. Chang positions. This attack was part of a Po-ling) and South Eastern Univerbroader rationalistic movement which sity in Nanking (a Chinese governis questioning the validity of the ment institution). Both Dr. Chang claims of all religions and the founda- and Dr. P. W. Kuo, the president of tions of the whole order of Chinese South Eastern University are earnest society. It was a striking testimony Christian men, prominent in the shapto the growing influence of Christian ing of the Government's educational ideas on educated Chinese. Its effect policies. The China Medical Board on the Christian Church may well also made a grant to assist a group of prove beneficial rather than otherwise, young Chinese physicians in private for tlie attack is far more intelligent practice in developing a hospital. than pre'Vious attacks in the past, and should lead to a more intelligent THE COMPLETION OF THE NEW grasp by the Christians themselves of TESTAMENT IN THE NATIONALPHONETthe fundamental Christian positions, IC SCRIPT gave a new impetus to the and to more Christlike living. It also campaign for a Bible-reading Church makes imperative the preparation of as did also the provision to print the a new and much needed apologetic lit- Old Testament as well. Test classes in erature. teaching illiterate women in difl'eTent parts of North China proved that an THE YEAR SAW A NUMBER OF NOTE- illiterate adult of average intelligence WORTHY DEVELOPMENTS L"I EDUCATION. can learn to read in the phonetic in a The most important of these (apart few weeks' time, provided the local from the merit of the Educational dialect spoken does not vary greatly Commission ~lready referred to) was from the pronunciation of the "Kwoh the invitation from the educational yii" or national language. authorities of the Chinese Government to Dr. Paul Monroe, of Teachers' THE YEAR 1922 GAVE CHINESE College, New York, to VIsit China and CHRISTIANS FOR· THE FIRST TIME A to advise them with regard to their SENSE OF PROPRIETORSHIP IN THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. The churches educational system. When one con- had been and still were largely "missiders that it is the future education sion churches." While the heir was of one fourth of the human race that a child, the tutor had been the masteT. is at stake it is impossible to exaggerate the importance of the foundRL The National Christian Conference tions now being laid by the Chinese was the celebration of the heir becom- Government for its new educational ing of age. It changed the relationstructure. It is gratifying to know ship of missionary and Chinese Christhat several of the Chinese in educa- tians. The tutor is henceforth a guest tional positions of the highest author- in the home. As the year drew to a ity are Christians. close it saw the host and his guest, hand in hand, a new light of under- This invitation to Dr. Monroe is standing in their eyes, a new hope in part of a settled policy to seek in all their hearts and their faces uplifted important matters the advice of the toward the future, while over their highest authorities to be found in hends floats a banner on which in other lands. Chinese characters, copied from rub- bings of the tomb of Confucius, is in- THE DECISION OF THE CroNA MED- scribed the watchword of the Chinese ICAL BOARD OF THE ROCKEFELLER Church: "China for Christ." FOUNDATION TO MAKE GRANTS TO NON-

Woman's Foreign Mission

Editorial Committee: MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY, ALICE M. KYL.E, GERTRUDE SCHUL.TZ One of the beautiful new buildings may rejoice who had part in this beausecured during the Union College tiful undertaking. Campaign is completed. This lovely Indian chapel at Madras was dedi- Around the world, the colleges are cated July 9, 1923. The gift, which rising, expressing the love and Chriscame from a friend who was unwill- tian sympathy of American women for ing that her name should be known, the women of the Orient. has met a great need, and is a beautiful lesson as it stands in the ccnter We are so glad to know that the of the college compound making the Woman's Union Christian. College in Japan, which stands on a hill ten miles from the center of Tokyo, was THE NEW CHAPEL AT MADRAS CHRISTIAN COLLEGE religious life and worship of the col- not injured in the recent earthquake lege central in the whole life of ·the and fire. Money raised for the college girls. was not deposited in Oriental banks, The inscription on the tablet is as which are more or less uncertain, "but follows: has been kept in bonds in the Old "To THE GLORY OF GOD, THIS Colony Bank. Letters of credit were CHAPEr" THE GIFT OF AN UN- given to representatives in China, KNOWN AMERICAN FRIEND, WAS India and Japan which might be paid BUILT A. D. 1923." at any time. In this way, none of the Miss McDougall's description of money was lost in the Japan disaster.

the dedication has gone to the un- The treasurer recently said that all named giver who must rejoice, as all the expenses of handling the funds 1011

will be paid from the interest received ANNUAL MEETING OF FEDERAso that, of the money given for the TION colleges, not so much as a postage stamp will be held back from the field. 25 Madison Av'e., New YorK Those who have helped and who are JANUARY 5·8, 1924 so interested in the growth of these colle-ges will rejoice that every word Saturdll1l A. M., 10·12: 15-<Meeting of the from them is a good word. Executive Committee.

We are aIL'{ious about the student Saturday P. M., 2·4: 15- Report on Student body in Tokyo. We cannot know, per- Work and Foreign Students in America. haps for a long time, how many of them lost their lives or all they have Discussion: The Religious and Missionary suffered, and we shall not know Situation among the Students in our whether they can return to college. American Colleges. Many of them are utterly destitute The Foreign Student Situation in the and will not have the means to come. U. S. What can we do about iU For that reason, we are earnestly hoping that those who can will send to Evening Supper: Oxfo,rd Conference: the treasurer of our Union Colleges Internationalism and American Reac· gifts for ~cholarships. Even with the tion. higher priees, $150 will give a girl The Condition of the Protestant college training, board and tuition, for Cause in Europe and our Responsibility. a year in Tokyo. Will not many send that amount to help girls to finish Sunday, 3: 3[)·5: CHRISTIAN INTERNATIONtheir course and be ready for the great ALISM: Leading speakers. Also two· work of rebuilding Japan, spiritually minute speeches by distinguished Ori· as well as materially' Indeed, all of entals. our colleges will welcome these scholarships. Ten thousand dollars Monday, 10·]2: 15: RBLATI()INSIDP OF FEDinvested in a scholarship fund in ERATION: To Boards, to City Federaconservative securities would pro- tions, to Schools of Missions. duce a scholarship for four years. Weare also seeking professor- Discussion: Uniting our Treasuries. Unused Resources. ships, and have already received the. Study Books for 1924; led by Mrs. promise of one. For an investment of Silverthorn. $2~;UOO, we can provide the salary of Federation of Christian Women of the a teacher perpetually in one of the World, Mrs. Henry W. Peabody. colleges. These are great opportunities and ought to appeal to those who 2-4: 15: Discussion: The Scope and are internationally minded or who be- Place of Distinctive Woman's Organi· lieve that women should have an op- zations for Missions in the Changing portunity to fit themselves for Chris- Order. Led by Mrs. Thonuts NichOlson. tian service or those who are interested in perpetuating the great work which 8 P. M.: 'LAw ENFORCEMENT: Ad· dresses by Ron. Mabel Walker Wille· our mothers founded in all our for- brandt, Washington, D. C.; Mrs. Tilton, eign mission fields. That work, some Mrs. White; Mrs. Bennett; in the day, must pass into the hands of these Town Hall, 113 West 43d St., New men and women whom we are train- York. ing. Let us he sure that they receive the Christian training of these col- Discussion: How to Develop Oriental leges rather than the non-Christian Christian Colleges,: Have we any fur· influence of the Government schools. ther responsibmty f Christian Literature in Foreign Lands: What is the next step'

The Council of Women for Home Missions has been invited to cooperate in the Monday evening meeting on Law Enforcement, which will be of intense interest to all women citizens. It is rather depressing to hear the statement made that if the Church women had been alert and had exercised their rights to vote in New York state the Mullan-Gage Bill would not have been repealed.

There .is a close relationship between the present situation of lawlessness in America today and our attempt to give a message of hope and goodwill to the nations of the earth. We are interested as foreign mission workers,

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

in all movements toward internation- Christian Association. Men are welalism. We were struck, however, with come as well as women. the pertinent remark of a woman who was urged to adopt the principle, A crisis is before us. Every force "Substitute law for war." She asked, of evil is mobilized to break down with reason, "Is America in a position Prohibition and Law Enforcement. to make that statement just at pres- Christian women, known as "rockent? If she cannot enforce her laws ing-chair saints," have no right to within her own borders according to protection and no claim to sainthood her constitution. what law has she to or citizenship unless they know the offer the world T" facts and help to save America by changing public opinion and through Other matters of vital importance their votes. to all our Boards will be presented at this meeting of the Federation in J an- The world is watching America. uary. An invitation is extended to We who represent the great groups of members of Boards and leaders in our women who, through sixty years, have women's mIssIOnary organizations, organized and worked and given great local, state and nat.ional, to att€'lld all gifts for Christian Internationalism sessions, except those of the Executive (another name for Foreign Missions), Committee. must see that America is fit to rally the nations for righteousness. An invitation is extended to all Women's Boards of Foreign Missions A clip sheet ia published by the Law Enforce.. and their officers, with any district or ment Committee and can be secured from the state board· members or officers, to National Ofli'ce, 302 Ford Building, BostOD, participate in the annual meeting and Mass., or from your Women's Board. Books in discussions of the Federation. quantity may be ordered from the same address.

The public meeting on Christian Do not wait for a State Committee. Begin Internationalism will be held on Sun- in your town with your Church women's or· day afternoon, (January 6th) when gan~ations, Rome aud Foreign, your club, the subject of a World Federation of your Parent Teacher, King's Daughters, Christian Women will be presented W. C. T. U. Get together and plan your by Mrs. Peabody. Save America. Campa.ign. The material for programs is in the book. The clip sheet At the public meeting at Town tells how to use it. Hall, Monday evening, on behalf of Law Enforcement in America, Hon- WOMAN'S NATIONAL COMMITTEE orable Mabel Walker Willebrandt, Assistant Attorney-General of the FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT United States, will speak on Law Enforcem€11t and American Women. We take the opportunity of print- Mrs. Elizabeth Tilton, author of ing the announcement of "Save "Save America" and Legislative America" which will be used as a Chairman of Parent-Teacher Associa- study book, in addition to those on tion, and Mrs. Edward Franklin foreign and home mission topics. White, Legislative Chairman of General Federation of Women's Clubs, "Save America" (128 pp.) is full will also speak. This will be a notable of the most interesting and important meeting in which many leaders of the material colleated by the best expert affiliated national societies and fed- along this line. Mrs. Elizabeth Tilerations of women will have part. ton, of Cambridge, Mass., is well This meeting is under the Women's known through her articles in The National Committee for Law Enforce- Survey, her distinguished service on ment and is called by the Federation the Woman's Joint Congrel'lSional of Women's Foreign Mission Socie- Committee, and her position as Legisties, the Council of Women for Horne lative Chairman of the Congress of Missions and the Young Women's Mothers and Parent-Teacher Associ- ations. There are also articles by the following authorSr-Mrs. Kathleen Norris, Hon. Mabel Willebrandt, Ida Tarbell, Mary Anderson, Professor Henry Farnam, Professor Albert Bushnell Hart, and Judge William Boardman. Perhaps the most impor-

tant of all are Mrs. Tilton's articles. Ammunition for the battle, arguments, facts, In the one on Race Survival she statistics of every sort, with clarified statestates that the two great enemies of the race, according to Richard Cob- ments of the present situation, political and otherwise" (4) Programs for clubs, churches, piazza groups; debates, e·te, All to work den, are alcoholic liquor and war. He towards Registration Rallies in the spring stated in 1855 that America was prob- of J924–object to get every last law-abidably the place where the battle for race survival would be fought out, if ing citizen registered. Save America Ral- lies in Odober, 1924, every last dry to the polls voting right.

America did not become too choked Register! Enroll! Votel with prosperity. 25 cents, SelI a million 4'Save America.u Many women do not realize that 302 Ford Bu.ilding. Boston) Masl!.

this battle is still on in America. The EVERYLAND victory may be decided this year. CHRISTMAS IS Oo~nNG! Have yon sub- scribed to the best Christmas preseut for Are we women ready for the test of boys and girls, the magazine Everylani17 ourcitiz€'llship 1 We have the organizations in our Home and Foreign Mis- It is the only one with the definite objec- tive, W:orld Friendship. It is Christian. It sionary Societies to the last frontier. tells wonderful stories of Home and Foreign Missions and World Peace. Children love it, We have local women who will re- Onr Boards have promised to stand by_ spond if their Boards call them to meet this situation. You are not doing your duty unless you see that the children of your Church and homes We quote from the circular issued have Everyland. by the Woman's National Committee Subscription $1.50 a year. Headquarters -E1Je'I'yland, West Medford, Massachusetts. for Law Enforcement. 'Vondcrful premiums are offered, an il- THE 19TH AMElNDMENT CoMES TO THE RES- lnminated message for your boy and girl to OUE OF THE 18TH AMENDMENT be framed and hung in the room, beautiful The Woman's National Committee. for pictures. Send for premium list· and send Law Enforcement has been formed to put your SUbscription as soon as possible for Everyland. Do you want World Peace~ Allegiance to the Constitution and Observ- Then educate your children in World Friendance of Law into the heart of every Amer- ship which is a part of world-wide Chris- tian missions. ican eitizen and to work for the enforcement of all law with special stress on the Prohi- bition Law, that being today the front where What the Christmas Bell Said the battle against lawlessness must be By MARGARET R. SEEBACH waged.

The Committee has affiliated with it the "I ring the bells," said the Christmas bell, following organizations all of which have "The whole wide world around; passed strong enforcement resoJuUons- Each bell that rings for peace or joy General Federation of Women'8 Clubs, Has caught my silver sound.

Young Women's Christian Assoeiation, Con- gress of Mothers and Parent-Teacher Asso- "I hush the jangling temple bells ciations, American Legion Auxiliary, Fed- That tell of woe aud sin; el'ation of Women's Boards of Foreign I ring them ont of every land, Missions, Conncil of Women for Home Mis- I ring the Christ-child in.

sions, International Order of King's Daugh- ters, National Council of Women, Woman's "The church bells ring because of me; Christian Temperance Union. Becanse I ehime His birth, This war for enforcement of law, the The sounds of Sabbath chimes go out Committee realizes, must, in the last analy- To circle all the earth_ sis, be won at the polls, for law enforce- .ment officials are either elected or appointed "The school bells ring because of me- by elected officials. The Committee, has, Al! knowledge comes from Him; therefore, prepared a tool for producing in They tinkle on beneath the Star 1924 an avalanche law and order vote, that That never shall grow dim.

'sball secnre dry officials from President down to the last Alderman. This tool is a book "The joy-bells ring for every heart, Because of Him who came entitled To save the dark and weary world "'Save America." From ignorance and shame_ edited by Elizabeth Tilton, ProgrartIB by Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, Chairman of the "Then ring with happy chime today General Committee.· "Save America" tells The school bells of Japan, (1) What leading women think about Pro- And teach her gentle maids to know hibition, (2) How to enfores the law, (3) The blessed Son of Man I "

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK THE CHRISTMAS CHILD , nity trust, due to the fact that behind The little Child J esllS, all smiling and sweet, it are the commercial interests of large Lies in a cold manger, Wise Men at his feet. financial inst.itutions which desire to retain within their own administration o 'erhead in the sky, rays stretched to the the estates and deposits of their cus- tomers after these customers have earth, Shines the Bethlehem star that tells of His birth.

Chant praises, shout welcome, died. Exultantly sing I Second, already some of the more Hail with glad greeting sagacious administrators of these com- The Christ.(,'hild our King. munity trusts have discovered that The little Child Jesus, asleep in the hay, the community trust is not broad enough in its scope to command the Brought from the Father a guide to the full confidence of men who think in terms of human welfare and continu- Way- ing approval. Some are already mak- ing modifications of the principles The Way we must travel, the pathway of upon which they were originally es- Love, Come, follow the Light that shines from above I -K. N. B.

WISE PUBLIC GIVING tablished, in order that they may be From the report of the Committee on Trusts the custodians of larger benefits than of the Home Missions Council and Council of Women for Home MissiQns for 1922, Charles those which pertain solely to the com- L. White. chairman. munity.

In January, 1922, the Home Mis- Third, already in one community sions Council and Council of Womffi where the community trust has been for Home Missions appointed a small established, two groups of men related committee, which was called the Com- to the management of the community mittee on Trusts, whose duties how- trust have deemed it desirable to or- ever have been much broader than the ganize, outside of this community name indicates. Thil:l committee has trust, separate trusts for the adminis- held two largely attended conferences tration of funds designed for religious composed of treasurers and financial purposes. One large financial insti- secretaries of missionary boards and tution entered into a community trust other religious organizations at which agreement and laterwithdrew from it, the following subjects were con- clearly recognizing that the plan was sidered: Systems of accounting, an- not broad enough to satisfy the legit- nuities, community trusts and the imate needs of its constituency Uniform Trust for Public Uses, uni- t.hrough any considerable lapse of form legislation affecting missionary time.

benevolences, and publicity in the in- Fourth, one of the most prominent terest of annuities, bequests and dona- financiers of the country pointed out tions to missionary objects. the perilous possibilities for the phil- Community Trusts anthropies of the country and the world at large, if the community trust The plan of community trusts, idea were to hold in a city like New which was inaugurated in Cleveland York, where much more than one half in 1914 and has been adopted in over of the fluid wealth of the country is forty cities of the country, has been in centered, and benefits were only to use long enough to justify certain accrue to the residents of New York.

conclusions. l!"ifth, the principle embodied in the First, there is very serious peril in- community trust, in accordance with volved in the growth of the commu- which the benefits of a donation or a 1021

bequest may in later years be trans.. and character, having power to accept ferred from an object no longer pos- trusts for its own purposes and suitsible to maintain, to some other object able equipment for the management which is c10gely related to the original of trust funds, he may wisely make intentions, under the direction of a his donations and bequests directly committee qualified to make decisions, to such corporation as trustee for has been proven of great and abiding such purpose. value. The possibility of substituting one benefit for another kindred to it (b) W:hen a persun contemplates obviates all of the infelicities and in- the creation of a trust for some charijustices which have been so well- table object and is uncertain as to the known under the common designation precise methods of carrying his purof "the grip of the dead hand." pose into eifectorcontemplates benefit- ing a class of persons, an organization The Uniform Trust or a group of organizations, the per- petuity or management of which may .A plan entitled The Uniform Trust be open to question – in these and for Public Uses, has been drawn by similar cases of doubt and uncertainty Daniel S. Remsen of New York City, -he may wisely make his donations an expert in the preparation of wills. and bequests to a suitable trust com- This plan embodies within it the prin- pany or bank, having trust powers, ciples last mentioned respecting the which is prepared to receive trusts substitution of a vital interest for under an agreement known as The a dead interest when conditions, Uniform Trust for Public Uses, and through the lapse of time, have alto- thus avail himself of suitable progether changed from those which ex- visions therein made for future isted when a donation or bequest adjustments and adaptations safebecame established as a trust. The guarding his original intentions and Uniform Trust for Public Uses has tending to reduce causes for litigation been submitted to a large number of to a minimum. legal advisers. In its final form the plan has met general approval from One of the great benefits of The many official and legal advisers of Uniform '!'rust for Public Uses is that Protestant, Catholic and Jewish or- it may be in use all over the country, ganizations and also from many may be known in every part of the financial institutions, some of them land, and lends itself to common unthe largest and most influential in the derstanding and common publicity. country. The benefits of this trust plan will accrue, not to that large majority of The following statements express our people who know exactly what the sentiment of a conference of treas- they wish to do and are proposing to urers and financial secretaries of mis- make our organizations the custodians sionary boards: of their funds, but to that small minority of individuals scatteTed 1. As a general rule philanthropic throughout the country, who are more purposes can best be promoted by or less detached from church relationdirect and absolute donations and be- ships, and yet through inheritance or quests to suitable institutions engaged tradition, or in some other way, have in the desired work. a desire to benefit the objects for which the Boards exi:>t and without 2. If a public. benefactor does not knowing precisely how to do it, turn wish to make an absolute donation or to the trust company or bank with bequest but desires to create a trust which they have .for a long: time been he should do so preferably under one doing business and make them their of the following plans: trustees or seek their counsel and ad- vice. In such cases, if The Uniform (a) When a person has clearly in Trust for Public Uses has been mind a definite object for which he adopted by the trust company or the desires to create a trust and that object is cared for wisely and well by a suitable corporation of permanence

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

bank which is consulted, then the pos- absolute gifts and gifts in trust for sibilities are at hand for the inten- charitable purpose; tions of the donor or the testator to be carried out in the interest of non- 5. By furnishing forms of and inlocal objects. formation concerning gifts during life as well as devises and bequests suit- There are valuable services which able for various charitable purposes; the community trust can render to its own community. The Uniform Trust 6. By encouraging a sound policy for Public Uses me€ts equally the same in the selection, constitution and operlocal needs and at the same time makes ation of committees and other agencies full provision for non-local benefits of for distribution of funds to be shared a wider scope, both national and world-wide, in which missionary or- by a group of charities Ci. e. to superganizations are interested. vise uniform trusts within certain Central Body for Advice fields) ; At one of the conferences an expres- 7. By encouraging the making of sion of opinion was formulated as better wills with a view to the prefollows: vention of unnecessary litigation Cco- operating with State Bar Associations There should be created a Bureau, and similar bodies) ; Committee or Association for the Promotion of Better Wills and Wiser 8. By furnishing the cooperating Pnblic Giving to represent and speak agencies a codification of the laws of for and work in the interests of the the various states covering wills, legabodies which compose the Home Mis- cies, inheritances, taxes, etc. sions Conncil and Council of Women for Home Missions, which may grow Financial and Fiduciary Matteu to include the Foreign Missions Oonference of North America, the Coun- The Annual Meeting of the Home cil of Church Boards of Education, Missions Council and Council of the Y. M. C. A., the Y. W. C. A., and Women for Home Missions in Janany Protestant denomination or de- uary, 1923, appointed a Committee nominational board. on Financial and Fiduciary Matters, to succeed the Committee on Trusts. H may render important services: Thii:! committee gives attention to 1. By formulating canons of wise all of the interests related to these public giving; subjects, and seeks the fullest co- operation possible between mission- 2. By encouraging the intelligent ary, educational, and philanthropic understanding of the broad field of organizations. charitable purposes and the portions and classes of the human race requir- Correspondence', which is cordially ing assistance, with a view to aiding invited, may be addressed to the Home in the selection of wise charitable pur- Missions Council, 156 Fifth Avenue, poses and means of benefaction; New York, N. Y.

3. By furnishing information re- The leaflet, "Wise Public Giving," may be garding agencies for the promotion obtained from the Home Missions Council for of charitable purposes generally or in 4 cents, $4.00 per 100; also the pamphlet, particular fields of charity, including "Annuity Funds for Missionllry Work," 6 cents, corporate names, etc.; $4.50 per 100.

4. By furnishing information as to TO GIVE IS TO LIVE the advantages and disadvantages of He is dead whose hand is not open wide To help the need of a humau brother, He doubles the leugth of a life-long ride Who gives his fortunate place to another; And a thousand million lives are his Who carries the world in his sympathies, To give is to live.-Lowo!!.

FROM ,MANY

NORTH AMERICA are 1,700,000 members in these Pres- The lVeek of Prayer byterian churches in the United T HE annual week of prayer for the States. churches is set for January 6 to 12 inclusive. The Federal Council of National Missions Conferencc T the Churches of Christ in America HE Board of National Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the asks all Christians to observe this week at this time of great need for u. S. A., which has come into existence temporal and spiritual wisdom and as a result of the reorganization of the for the manifestation of God's power various boards of that church, held in in all parts of the world. Pray for New York City September 20th to the purity, unity and peace of the 26th a conference composed of execu- Church of Christ, for the regeneration tives and staff counselors of the board, of individuals and the reformation of together with representatives from society, for more evidence of Christ- each synod and also from certain like love and more self-sacrificing designated presbyteries. Under this devotion to the cause of Christ call 105 men and women came together throughout the world. in this conference.

The main topics suggested for ser- These represented a personnel of mons and prayer services have to do 4,445, conducting 7,700 different en- with thanksgiving, repentance and terprises within what is to be in the intercession concerning the Church future jurisdiction of the Board of universal, the nations and their lead- National Missions. The principal ers, foreign missions, education, the work of the conference was the prep- home and the youth, and home mis- aration of the budget of askings for sions. Copies of the circular, con- the coming year, the year 1924-25.

taining lists of topics and Bible Other matters of importance also came references, may be secured from the before the Council, such as a unified Colinoil at 105 East 22d Street, New promotional program for the Board York City, of National Missions, a projected building program covering a period Presbyterian Missions in Peril of five years, and organizational sug- AC.ALL has gone out to Presbyteri- gestions for carrying out the work of ans to make sacrificial gifts in the National Board of Missions order to prevent disaster to the mis- through synods and presbyteries.

sionary work of the Church. Owing to expenses incurred during the war, and Conference of Governors to other causes, a deficit of $657,187.57 GOVERNORS of thirty-two states has been accumulated. If this is not and two territories assembled in provided for from increased gifts, it Washington on October 20th, at the will mean the closing of stations and call of President Coolidge, to con- the curtailing of the work in a way sider the subject of law enforcement, that will involve disgrace, if not dis- and in particular the enforcement of aster. The Board of Foreign Missions the prohibition laws.

calls earnestly upon the members of Speeific problems in which the the Church to avert this catastrophe states and the nation can cooperate, by making sacrificial offerings with a as outlined by the President, have 33% increase over last year. There respect to the smuggling of aliens into 1024 the United States, the regulation and be required to appoint their represale of narootic drugs, and prohibi- sentatives and the first meeting of a tion. Attorney General Daugherty General Council, elected according to and Prohibition Commissioner Haynes the constitution and method of the also spoke to the governors, reempha- United Church, will be held. The prosizing the President's plea for state vision made for the governing bodies cooperation in law enforcement. of the United Church consISts of an interesting combination of the polities The governors pledged their sup- of the three churches. The unit of port to the following program: organization is the" pastoral charge," which may consist of more than one 1. Coordination of all federal, state, local church, and be governed by an county and municipal forces. official board, made up of a session and a committee of stewards. The 2. A caU on the press to support prohibi. next higher body is to be called a pres- tion law enforcement, stress law observance, bytery, and consist of the ordained and treat the enforcement program in a ministers and an equal number of non- manner commensurate with the gravity of ministerial representatives. The con- lawlessness. ference, meeting annually, and con- sisting of the ministers on the rolls of 3. A summoning of conventions of the presbyteries and an equal number municipal, county and. state enforcement of non-ministerial representatives, officials at convenient dates to discuss and constitutes the link between the pres- adopt a program for the state, the federal bytery and the General Council, which government pledging every possible support is to meet once in two years. to these eClUventions. A Useful School for Aliens 4. A eall on prosecuting attorneys to confer, the governors pledging support with ~~THE School for Practical Arts" every faeility to aid in such discussions. for immigrants and their chil- 5. Adoption of all practieable means to dren, was founded in Old Concord, cause lawless citizens and aliens to respect near Washington, Pennsylvania, in the majesty and sanctity of the law and 1920, by the Presbytery of Washing- the various agencies enforcing it. ton as an interdenominational enter- prise. It is an industrial and farm 6. Cooperation by national authorities in school for which 370 acres of land all these activities. were donated by the Rogers family. The support comes from voluntary 7. Education of children to the evils of contributions. Last year it cared for the use of alcohol through the superin- twenty-five boys and girls, ranging in tendents of instruction in the public sehools. age from ten to twenty-six, and from the first grade to high school. Many The United Church of Canada can speak no English and therefore could not attend public schools. THE organization by the Presby- terian, Methodist and Congrega- The institute takes the pupils out of tional Churches of the United Church evil environment, teaches them Engof Canada, was discussed in the Sep- lish,gives them Christian instruction tember REVIEW. Certain legislation and trains them for· useful tra:ies. must be passed by the Parliament of Canada and the provincial legisla- 'rne trustees are prominent pastors, tures, to give effect in the civil law educators and business men of Washto the union. When the proposed ington, Pittsburgh, Wheeling, Clevelegislation has been secured, the 350 land and elsewhere. The president is members of the first General Council, Dr_ Joseph W. Dunbar, the secretary, for whose appointment provision has Rev. C. L. McKee of Washington, Pa., already been made by the three unit- and the treasurer, Professor O. F. H. 'ing Churches, will meet and will have Bert. two years, if necessary, within which to organize the United Church on the lines laid down in the "BII.!!is oI Union. " All existing courts, committees, boards, etc., will continue to function as at present until the reorganization is effected. Within two t"ears after the meeting or the first General Council the newly ol'ganized conferences of the United Church will 5

The curriculum is adapted to the received by Dr. W. O. Forbes of needs of these foreigners and the cost Seattle, superintendent for home mis- of tuition and board is very low. The sions of Washington Synod. Nearly greatest need of aliens in America is $2,500 has already been subscribed.

practical Christian education. This -The Continent.

will make them assets and not liabili- ties. The institute greatly needs ad- Southern Women Fight Lynching A ditional funds to furnish adequate T the annual meeting in Atlanta of the Commission on Interracial equipment and support for this important work. Cooperation, the woman's section of The Gideons' Bibles the Commission brought in a vigorous paper on lynching and asked the Com- THE society of Christian traveling mission to authorize that the matter men known as the Gideons has be brought to the attention of the placed in hotels of the United States various women's organizations of the and Canada 558,619 Bibles. The South and that they all be asked to largest number, 54,916, have been cooperate in a sustained and syste- placed in the hotels of Illinois. Other matic efl'ort to eradicate this great States follow in this order: California, evil. The Commission, which has been 46,266; Pennsylvania, 36,679; Ohio, constantly at work to this end, gladly 36,464; Iowa, 25,929; Texas, 25,399; gave its approval to the plan by un- Michigan, '21,5il3; and New Jersey, animously adopting the resolutions 20,059. presented by the women, which were "This, " comments the Watchman- in part as follows: Exanvi.ner, "is a noble and praise- Resolved, That we deplore the failure of worthy work. We wonder how many state governments to handle this, the most conspicuous enemy to justice and righteousof these Bibles are really read. The ness, and the most fiagrantviolation of the Gideons hear of many who read them, Constitution of our great nation, and that and many who are recalled to better we definitely set ourselves to the task of living by these Bibles." creating such seutiment as is possible to us in each State of our territory to the end Memorial to Pioneers that not only sufficient laws shall be enacted to enable the trusted officers of the law to THE name of Dr. Marcus Whitman, pioneer missionary to the North- discharge their full duty, but to secure the enforcement of the laws now in existence.

west Territory, has become famous, but his associates are less widely Indian Medicine Men M known. Dr. and Mrs. Whitman and ISS FRANCES DENSMORE, of the bureau of ethnology of the Dr. and Mrs. H. H. Spalding were the first Protestant missionaries in Smithsonian Institute, who has that region, the ladies being, as one made long study of the methods of inscription puts it, "the first white Indian medicine men, says that they females to cross the Rocky Moun- use music to treat both physical and tains." In 1847 Mrs. Whitman and mental or nervous disorders, its main Dr. Spalding were massacred' by appeal lying in the power of rhythm.

Cayuse Indians, and three years later Some l!Iedicine men give herbs and Mrs. Spalding died, never having com- sing to make them efl'ective; others pletely recovered from the shock of sing to the patient, but do not make the crime, for which she believed the use of herbs. Sometimes the Chip- Jesuit missionaries to be responsible. pewa doctor sings: " You will recover, The Christian people of the North- you will walk again. It is 1 who say west have not forgotten the memory it. My power is great." This is for of these martyrs, and have been ac- patients unable to walk. There are cumulating a fund to erect a suitable different songs for different ailments, monument to Dr. and Mrs. Spalding. A Yuma medicine man said: "After The money for this purpose is being singing my fourth song, I always ask

NEWS PROM MANY LANDS

the patient if he feels better. The Orientals in Vancouver sick man has always said that he felt better. " A song is usually sung four THE many Chinese and Japanese in times, then there is a pause, and the Vancouver and other parts of song is again sung four times. Some- British Columbia constitute a mistimes there is no singing, but a drum sionary opportunity, of which Miss is beaten or a rattle shaken. Here the Hellaby, of the Anglican Chinese throbbing rhythm is depended on to Mission, writes: "The living condihold the attention of the patient. The tiolls of the Chinese are largely re- Indians are masters of rhythm, says sponsible for the vices to be found Miss Densmore, and she believes they among them. 'Vhen they come here could teach the white race something they are generally young and inex- .about its curative power. perienced, probably never having been away from their. native village before. On the Mexican Border They are cut off from the examples and influences that have guided them THE missionary work of the M. E. hitherto, and from all semblance of Church at Mexicali met with a home life, and lodge in crowded quarserious loss when a $2,000,000 fire ters with men whose morals are neceswiped out the center of this important sarily of a very mixed description. point on our Mexican border and, with Their mental and spiritual equipment many other buildings, destroyed both are pitifully slender compared with the Chinese· and Mexican churches the demands made upon them, so there. Th'e Chinese plant had been in there is small wonder if before long use only about two years and served a they acquire the habits of their asgroup of several thousand Chinese sociates, not always from choice, and engaged in the raising of cotton and with many an inward struggle. Those in other pursuits in the Imperial interested in the distribution of drugs Valley. Most of them are men and induce these young people to form a many of them young men in great taste for them, so that they will do the need of friendship and guidance. At work of distribution in order to obpresent temporary quarters are being tain wherewith to supply their own used, but they must soon be vacated. needs, and when anyone is caught and English classes form an important brought to justice it is generally one part of the work here, and one of the who is himself a victim of others who regular attendants at these classes is remain safely in the background." the secretarv to the Governor of Lower California.• Next door to this Chinese LATIN AMERICA church stood the Methodist Mexican mISSIon. The building used was a Child Labor Banned in Mexico rented structure, but its destruction has caused serious embarrassment to SENOR F. ROEL, New York Conthe work. Following the fire a poor sul General from Mexico, speaking Mexican woman offered the use of her at the International Humane Confersmall home made of sticks and grass, ence, which met in New York City in and services are being held in it at October, said that 1,500,000 children present. A home must be provided between the ages of four and fourteen for this Mexican group. All of this have been liberated from a working work is directed by the workers from day lasting from dawn until nightfall the mission in Calexico, California, by the child labor provision of the which forms practically one commun- Mexican Constitution. Under the ity with Mexicali, although the two Com;titution, a maximum day's work places are separated by a more or less for children between twelvc and sixinvisible international line. The teen years of age is six hours, the Con- Methodist Church is entirely respon- sul said, and child labor under the sible for the Mexican as well as the age of twelve has been abolished, Chinese work here. while the Government is rapidly es- tablishing both day and night schools

for the development of these children, have destroyed religious liberty and who, he added, in the days of peonage closed all non-Romanist public wor- were driven to prolonged labor which ship. But the Peruvian Congress dwarfed them physically, mentally would not approve the concordat, The and morally. 'Roman Catholic archbishop theI). 1I0n- ceived another sehe'llle for accomplisl1- Progress in South America ing the s'arne end without having to W H. PEARCE, Associate General submit it to the "godless" Congrel!ll. • Secretary of the World's Sun- r~ast summer, with the President's apday School Association, writes after a proval, he announced that he WaS recent tour in South America, of the development he observed along var- going to consecrate the whole Peru- vian people to the Sacred Heart of ious lines: Jesus. That meant that every Peru- "Progress is being made in temper- vian would be understood individually an ce reform. A striking instance is the leadership of President Alassandri to have committed himself to "the of Chile. He himself is a total ab- Sacred Heart." The students of the stainer and an avowed advoeate of prohibition. During the recent Pan- University and the five thousand American conference at Santiago, he gave a dinner to the delegates from workingmen who are in university ex- the United States and served no strong tension COilrses -immediately protested.

drinks. Judge of my indignation to They arranged f()r a procession Ie'am that afterwards a dinner was and public meeting. As the pro- cession rna-rched up the stre~ts of Lima given by Mr. Fletcher, leader of the it was halted and fired upon. A *stu- U. S. delegation, and drinks were dent and a workman were killed. The served. President Alassandri was government soldiers tried to get pospresent and turned down his glass. session of the bodies, intending to " Considerable progress is being give them a quick and secret burial made in behalf of education. Increas- and so prevent any d€'lllonstration in ingly large plans are being made to connection with the funeral. But the provide public schools. We saw students and workmen secured the scho()l buildings that w()uld do credit to any community or nation. The re- bodies and all night long, more than quirements for the professions are be- a hundred strong, they guarded tl1em ing continually raised. Opportunities inside of the university building. for agricultural and mechanical edu- They threatened to burn the Univercation are also being multiplied. But sity sooner than surrender the bodies, it is most difficult for South American At two a. m. the President of the Releaders, bound by tradition and training to a policy of education of the public came and called off the soldiers. leaders only, t() become enthusiastic in The next day something like ten thoubehalf of universal education. And so sanrl people formed a great procession long as from sixty to eighty per cent at the fune·ral of the martyrs. Soon of the people are illiterate, religious after notices appeared that the plan to consecrate the population had been given up. The archbishop himself took an early ship for Rome.

-(Jhri.~tian Wark.

education is m()re difficult." . Ene:mies Reconciled Religious Liberty in Peru REV. ANGEL ARCHILLA tells in the Latin American Evangilist THE President of Peru is so ardent the story of two Veneozuelans who had a clerical that he attempted last been bitter enemies for many ydeaayrs~ spring to get the Peruvian Congress seeking each other's lives. One to adopt a concordat between Peru native evangelist called at the home and the Vatican. The concordat would of one of them, opened the Bible and have re-established in Peru the status began to read the Sermon on the there before 1910. Practically it would Mount. The- people of the house were

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 1()29

very much interested in the stranger Dr. Nightingale said that in Eng- and his message, but when he read the land there was a Federal Council of words of Jesus, "Love your enemies," Churches, but that it could deal only this man turned pale, and said, with ecclesiastical matters and could "There is only one man in Venezuela not touch any of the public questions and in the whole world, whom I can- of the day. Just now the great theme not either love or bless or pardon. For of the Council is the union of the the rest, I like it all, it is very Anglican and the Free Churches, the precious. " , fate of which is not determined and The evangelist, seeing him so moved, the issues of which tremble in the invited him to kneel with him in balance.

prayer; and when they rose from their knees the man who had so hated Eva.ngeU.m in London T his enemy was able to pardon him, to HE month of October was given over in London to evangelistic love him, and to bless him sincerely and from his heart. The story of this meetings under the auspices of the marvellous change soon reached the Metropolitan Federation of Free ears of the other man, who thought he Churches. The leaders were Bev. would find out what had wrought the Douglas Brown and Rev. Lionel supposed miracle and bought a Bible ]<'let~her, and their efforts were richly that he might see for himself. He blessed. Mr.· Fletcher stated in the searched for the Sermon on the Mount opeoning days of the campaign that its and having found it, read it oveor and object was not so much the holding of over again. Then, without dagger, or a series of gospel meetings as such, gun, or 'fIUIchete, his only weapon the as an attempt to awaken the churches Word of God, he started out to find the man that had been his enemy. to a proper sense of their responsi. And these two who for long years had bility to win the outsider for Christ. lived with the one thought of killing At the ministerial conferences which each other, now, moved by the love of were held, both missioners were deep- Christ, embraced each other as broth- ly impressed with the enthusiasm, esers pardoned and reconciled. pecially of the younger ministers. They are anxious for some new form EUROPE of evangelism to meet the changed ctmditions of the day. Several of these Councll of English Churches ministerial conferences included the REV. THOMAS NIGHTINGALE, Anglican clergy. In several of the D.D., general secretary of the Na- districts t.hey united with the Free tional Council of the Free Churches Churches in furthering the campaign of Great Britain, gave two addresses by local simultaneous missions, in on "Christian Unity" this autumn in some cases extending over several New York City under the joint aus- weeks. The campaign aroused napices of the Christian Unity Founda- tional interest.-The Life of Faith.

tion and the New York Federation of Churches. He spoke of the council of The Bible in IrelaDd C Christian churches in England, which ONSIDERABIJE light on the con- dition of Roman Catholicism in includes Roman Catholics and the Salvation Army, and said that its mem- ll.'eland and also its social relation to bers are agreed on four lIUItters of Protestantism may be obtained from social legislation, the gaining of the the 74th annual report (1922-23) of first of which they owe to Lady Astor: the Societ~' for Irish Church Missions That no intnxieating drink shall be sold to the Roman Catholics, with which is to. youth under eighteen 'Years of age; local incorporated the Scripture Readers' option fnr England and Wales; Sunday closing o.f public houses; placing social Society and the Irish Society. This clubs under the same police supervision as society dates back to 1846, when the earnest effort began to be undertaken the public houses.

to promote Reformation principles in show many signs of vitality. Yearly Ireland, largely through the distribu- conferences are held for the deepention of the SeripJures. Work is car- ing of spiritual life and there is an ried on in English and Irish. It is increasing desire for Christian unity. regarded as a link between the Epis- The- Bible and other Christian litercopal churches in Ireland and Eng- ature exercise a great influence on all land, to the latter of which it looks classes and one third of the newsfor a large share of comfort and sup- papers are avowedly Christian. As in port. Last year's report is distinctly other countries, religious education optimistic. A wave of revival blessing needs to he safeguarded against the swept over the North of Ireland, and inroads of rationalistic unbelief. the agents of the Scripture Readers' Society were happily engaged in help- The missionary interest of Swedish ing to shepherd the results. Hun- Churches is evidenced by the activity dreds of men and women have been in SC341dinavia and in foreign lands. raised to newness of life, and the The Lapps were evangelized by King Scripture readers. who work among Gustavus Vasa and other foreign work them are warmly appreciated by the was undertaken in heathen lands as rectors who superintend their labors. early as 1634. There are today about Six colporteurs were at work during 635 Swedish Protestant missionaries the year, llnd in spite of troubled in foreign lands, not counting those times a decided increase in colportage sent out from America.-DR. JOHN sales is reported.-Record of Christian Work. RINMAN.

Religious Progress in Sweden Catholics in Italy and Ohio WHEN Ansgar, the Apostle of the THE opposition of the Vatican to North, visited Sweden in 830 the activities of American Meth- A. D., he found that the Gospel had mlists in Rome has been noted in the already been introduced some years REVIEW. Now the Chrisi'ia.n Century before by Scandinavians who had quotes a report that the Italian Govheard of Christ in other parts of ernment has warned the Methodists Europe. The :first country to break in Rome that it will not tolerate the away from the papacy was Sweden, existence of their conspicuous Protfor Protestantism was made the state estant school, wllOse commanding site religion in 1593. Since that time, upon one of the hills of the ancient Sweden has progressed steadily in city is an affront to the Catholic peoeducation and religion. Many schools ple of Rome and an insult to the Holy are supported by the churches and Father. "Catholicism is the religion missionary societies. uf a majority of the population and Protestantism must confine itself to The Lutheran State Church now humble locations." In contrast the comprises 2,588 parishes which sup- editor places a report from Cleveland, port a Foreign Mission Board and a Ohio, where a movement is on foot to Young People's Church Movement. l'ajse $3,000,000 for a Jesuit univer- The FTee Churches include the Swed- sity. The appeal is to all citizens reish Mission ~tls.<;ociation (Independent gardless of creed, and there will Lutheran), with 100,000 members; doubtless be generous response from the Bapti.sts, with 60,000 members; many non-Catholic citizens who conthe Methodi.sts and Salvation Army. sider that the Jesuit control is merely rrhese Free Churches conduct their an incidental feature, and continues: own theological seminaries and Sun- u It is a Httle hard to have satisfacday-schools, and cooperate in the tory reciprocal relations with an or- Young Men's and Young Women's ganization which claims equal rights Christian Associations. In religious where it is in a minority and exclusive life and activity, the Free Churches rights wherever it has the power to enforce them." .

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Outlook in Czecho-Slovakia appreciative parents. We are in daily ONE of the most cheering features touch with nearly one thousand peo- of the modern movement in ple, children, parents and friends. Czecho-Slovakia, according to a cor- The instruction has been in Polish, respondent of The Life of FiUth, is the national spirit has been empha- "the number of young men who are sized in these schools. They have dedicating themselves to the ministry recognition at last from the Polish in the Evangelical Churches. Though Government, being the first piece of the membership of the Roman Catholic Methodist work to receive official sup- Church still far outnumbers the Evan- port in Poland. In the years to come gelical membership, there are almost we can enjoy more and more privias many students in the Protestant leges. It is very important that this Theological College as in the Roman work be continued. As you have Catholic Seminary. Many of the min- heard there were 88,000 boys and isters speak English, a certain pro- girls on the streets of Warsaw last portion of them having spent part of September without schooL Our work their time in Scotland as students in has reduced this number by 400, but the Presbyterian theological colleges the great task lies ahead."

there, and others having returned from .America, where there is, of AFRICA course, a large Czech population. This Religious Liberty in Egypt T widespread movement has taken place HE new Constitution of Egypt, says the Record of Christian Work, almost entirely in Bohemia proper, and is found only to a limited extent generously safeguards such religious in Slovakia, the southern portion of liberty as now exists. While Article the republic; but there also the fire .149 states that Islam is the religion burns. Just at a time when Protes- of the state and Arabic is its official tantism throughout Central Europe langnage, we find the following: Aris in distress in so many quarters, ticle 12. Liberty of conscience is abpartly owing to the difficult economic solute; Article 13. The state protects, conditions, and partly owing to the in harmony with usages established in fact that so many Protestant churches Egypt, the free exercise of any reclosely linked with the State receive ligion or faith, on condition that it is less money from that source, it is not contrary to public order or good heartening in one quarter to find such morals; Article 16. No restriction marked advance, in which wisdom, in- will be imposed on the free use of any itiative, and eagerness are significant- language in private relations, in trade, ly combined." in religious aifairs, in the press or in pUblications of any sort, as well as in Methodist Schools in Poland public gatherings.

PROFESSOR F. C. WOODWARD, Winning the Chief's Consent superintendent of the educational and industrial work carried on in OKITO and Ngongo are two wives Poland by the M. E. Church South, of the African chief Wembo writes: "We wish you could have Nyama, who since 1916 have been been with us today as we visited the wanting to be baptized. Says Mrs. four schools of the mission conducted D. L. Mumpower, of the M. E. Church this past year for street children. It South: "The Catholics, who fight us was a most impressive sight. With by telling the natives things about us dirty little bare feet, ragged clothes, which arc not true, told the chief that pinched faces, but with glowing eyes, if he ever let any of his wives come these little tots of seven and eight into our church organization he would years received their certificates, kissed have no more control over them; that their teachers' hands, made stiff bows, if at any time we wanted one of them and rushed to the arms of poor, but for a wife for one of our workmen or

for one of our preachers we would just tion which, if unaccompanied by take her and that he would be power- Christianity, will mean worse than less to do anything. This was told heathenism to the native and a lost him when we began our work and the opportunity to our Church. "

chief believed it. Even later when he Embarrassment of Success knew us well, he wouldn't allow any of his wives to be baptized. He was ALETTER from Rev. John M. still afraid to run any risk." Finally Springer, D.D., of the Rhodesia in 1922 he gave his consent to the Mission of the American M. E. baptiilm of Okito and Ngongo, but, Churcll, gives two glimpses of the says Mrs. Mumpower, "I told him a work: "It is necessary to have one paper would be given him saying that of our strongest pastor-teachers at Okito and NgOIlgO were his even Mt. Makomwe to deal with the chief though members of the Church. .And and this man is really acting as the I told him that if anyone ever tried head pastor of the circuit. He has to take them away from him on the inaugurated monthly meetings to be ground that they were Christians he held at the various stations in turn, was to come to the mission and pre- where there is a miniature three-days sent that paper. He was willing to do camp meeting and with camp meetthis. A paper means so much to ing results. Indeed, the success of them. .And I am sure that when that work is our present embarrasschief Wembo Nyama dies that paper ment, for we had four deputations tG will be found among his valuable pos- the main meeting at Mt. Makomwe, numbering about fifty each, asking sessions. ' '-Mig.'nonary Voice. that they might have pastor-teachers, A New Congo Station as they were from five to ten miles SOUTHERN Presbyterian mission- from any other station. That was a aries in the Congo have sent to wonderful meeting and as the bell the home Church an urgent appeal for rang out for early morning prayers men and money to open a new station and the more than four hundred young Oll the southern frontier of their pres- people gathered under the trees in ent mission. These are some of the that romantic spot, we were reminded arguments that they use: "(1) Since of Lake Geneva and other of the the Southern Presbyterian Church has young people's conferences that we assumed before the world the respon- bad attended at home …. About 1,500 sibility of the evangelization of all the native people assembled at Umtali Buluba-speaking tribes of the Congo, the day before conference. They came and since the natives of this new dis- from all parts and there would have triet speak the Buluba dialect, they been many more if we had known the are strictly our responsibility, and if date of the conference long enough we fail to enter into their territory ahead to tell the farther stations.

with the Gospel, no other missionary There were over 100 pastor-teachers society will. (2) They have long and 880 Christians partook of the sac- awaited our coming, and many times rament. We could not help contrast- native delegations have walked 200 ing this with the condition we found miles into Luebo to ask for native on arrival in 1901, when there was teachers. How long must they wait T not one member, probationer or hearer (3) If Ilative teachers are sent so far connected with our church. God away with no mission station near by hath wrought wonders in this work."

to follow up their work, no permanen.t NEAR EAST work can be established. (4) A rail- The Republic of Turkey road now under construction will not touch any of our present mission sta- ASSOCIATED Press dispatches tions, but will pass through this new from Constantinople late in Octerritory. It will cause an influx of tober announced the establishment of commercialism and Western civiliza- the Turkish Republic, with Mustapha

1923J NEWS FROM M~NY LANDS

Kemal as President for a term of four ized the International Near East Re- years, subject to reelection. Accord- lief A~sociation, with its objective as ing to the new Turkish Constitution, follows: " To promote cooperation the National Assembly will have legis- and increased efficiency on the part lative power only, the executive power of all organizations and individuais being intrusted to a Cabinllt rll!>pon- who are seeking to relieve suffering, sible to the Assembly. A Council of provide for the care of orphans, or State will fulfill the functions usually otherwise promote the moral, social, cared for by a parliamentary upper economic. educational and industrial house. The members of this Council development of the Near East."

will be appointed by the President of Cbarles V. Vickrey, Secretary of the the Republic. American Near East Relief, was elect- Church and State m Turkey ed President and Chairman of the Executive Committee.

OLIN P. LEE, recently Y. M. C. .A. secretary at Adana, is quoted in The Jerusalem Patriarchate the Record of Christiam Work as stating that the separation of church and PROFESSOR CHA.RLES H. state is one of the real reforms at- BOYNTON, of the General Theotempted by the Turkish (ffivernment. logical Seminary, New York, recently returned from the Near East, is " The change effected will in time have far-reaching consequences," he quoted in the Christian Century as follows: "There is no question of the says. "One of the new measures, I am told, requires that all boys who are seriousness of the situation that exists being educated as Moslem religious in the Orthodox patriarcbate of Jeruteachers must have their early train- salem today. It is not only a question ing in the secular schools maintained of the maintenance of the sallred by the G1.Ivernment. After so many . places in the Holy Land, which are Yllarl:> in thllsll schools they will enter under the care of the patriarchate, the religious schools. Heretofore can-, but the downfall of the patriarchate didates for the priesthood have taken would. mean the disintegration of the their entire education in the religious Church in the Near East……. The schools. If this reform is carried out, finances of the patriarchate are in a it cannot help but have a liberalizing depldtll.ble condition; due largely to a influence in time. The better class of series of misfortunes rising from the Turkish leaders is decidedly limited. There are not enough to go around. World War ….. The position of the The opposition to even such changes dhurch in the Neat 1llast is not com- parable to any of the church activi- ties 8S we know them bere. The as that proposed is formidable. One sphere of t.he Church is much wider of the reasons for the great interest taken by the present government in the1'e, extending to education, general orphanages for Turkish orphans is welfare and even legal protection of its communicants. There are no pubthat they rely on these orphanages in lic schools, as we know them here, and another generation to furnish a crop education is entirely in the hands ol of recruits for the progressive ele– the Church. The ChUrch i. unable to ment." maintain schools at present and; as a !esult, the child!en ot <h1hodox par- Union in Near East Relief ents afe being brOU15ht up in igno- A$ the result of a conference held rance or faced with the alternative of at Geneva in September by rep- attending Mohammedan schools, which resentatives of Australia, Belgium, they will do only in very rare cases.

Czecboslovakia, Denmark, England, Practically the entire Christian popu- France, Germany, Sweden, Switzer- lation of Palestine of school age, com- land, United States of America, prising about 8,000 children, is left Greece, and Cuba, there was organ- without any means of Christian in-

struction. This means that, unless aid Through these agencies there has is brought and the patriarchate en- arisen a Protestant community in that abled to renew its activities, the next city some of whose leading young men generation in the land where Chris- are graduates of Beirut College and tianity was born will be utterly igno- are among those now most importurant and Christianity will perish in nate for America to give them leaderthe land of its birth." ship and encouragement in the great work to be done, not only in Mosul, Greek Patriarch Dismissed but down the whole valley of the Arab Kingdom of Irak to the Persian Gulf. ACCORDING to a dispatch in the Since 1918 the ~~merican Near East New York Times, Papa Eftim, or Relief, made up largely of mission- Efthimios, who is supposed to en- aries, themselves exiles from Persia joy the patronage of the Angora Gov- and Kurdistan, have cooperated with ernment, appeared early in October the. British in caring for 45,000 Chrisat a meeting of the Council of the tian refugees-30,000 the remnant of Ecumenical Patriarchate and ordered the Christian population of northwest the councilors to sign a document dis- Persia that had fled before the commissing the Most Rev. Meletios Meta- bined Turkish and Kurdish armies, xakis, Greek Patriarch of Constan- and 15,000 the survivors, mostly womtinople, who is now in retirement in en and children, of the Armenian a monastery on Mount Athos. The deportations. This humanitarian Archbishop of Cresarea resigned and service has served as a striking apthe Archbishop of Rhodopolis assumed proach to the Arab, so long inaccesthe Patriarchate as locum tenens. The sible to the Gospel. Work is now becouncil, apparently seized with panic, ing carried on at Mosul by the Presyielded to the demands of Efthimios. byterian Church in the U. S. A. The mission house built by the C. M. S. New Work in Nineveh has been purchased and Rev. James W. Willoughby and Rev. Roger C. "WHEN the word Mosul appears Cumberland are on the field. in our current papers and mag- INDIA AND MALAYSIA azines," writes Mrs. E. W. McDowell, "not every one locates it at once as Changed Attitude toward Christ the site of ancient Nineveh." Mosul was made a Protestant mission center REV. STANLEY JONES, a Methby the American Board, in the early odist missionary, spoke at the part of the last century and became annual convention conducted by an outpost of its work at Mardin in American Presbyterian missionaries· Turkey; but later the work in Mosul at Saharanpur, in the Punjab, and was transferred to the Church Mis- told of the changed attitude of India sionary Society of London. A small toward Christ. Nine years ago Dr. work was carried on by this society John R. Mott spoke to educated nonuntil the great war, when, because of Christians in a large hall in the city England's heavy financial burdens, of Madras. In the midst of his adthe las! missionary of this society, dress, when Dr. Mott mentioned the Miss Martin, was withdrawn in the name of Christ, the audience hissed. spring of 1922. The Presbyterian Recently Dr. Jones gave a series of work over the border in Persia has addresses in that same hall to edutouched Mosul through its touring cated non-Christians. The size of the evangelists who have at times for audience increased night by night and t.hirty-five years made Mosul a center the last night the hall was filled and while working in the mountains of people were standing outside on the Kurdistan among the Syriac-speaking verandah. Dr. Jones's message e-very people, some of whom live in Mosul night was Christ. The last night he and on the contiguous mountains.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

told them how to give themselves to Christian Women Organize Christ. Then he said, "I am going to pray a prayer of surrender to PRESBYTERIAN missionaries in Christ," and he asked that all who Vengurla, India, report the growth could, pray after bim sentence by sen- of independence and self-reliance tence. Most of the people in the large among the Christian women. They audience repeated the prayer after have organized a society to carry the him. Christian message to non-Christians in and around their own city, and to Reorganbation in Bombay aid the local church as much as pos- sible. In an intensive evangelistic THE Representative Council of campaign carried on by them nearly Missions in Bombay Presidency, one thousand persong over fourteen at its twelfth annual meeting in Sep- years of age were reached by six tember, worked out into its final form teams. Over 400 gospel portions and a plan whereby Indian Christians hymn books were sold. All their may have an equal amount of repre- prayer me'etings are permeated with sentation with missionaries on the the theme of s(iul winning, and the Council. The Council now changes quickening of their own spiritual life its name, bencefort}l being called The is very noticeable in consequence. Bombay Christian Council, on which Indians and .non-Indians will sit in CHINA … equal proportions. The new Council will be made up of 76 members, com- Prayer for Language Teachers prising 24 representatives from 11 central Church organizations in West- AN organized prayer-effort to win ern India controlling over 100 to Christ the Chinese teachers of churches, 27 representatives from 21 the Nanking Language School started missions with several hundred mis- last year. Weekly and finally daily sionaries, 6 representatives from other meetings were held with them, and at missionary bodies such as the Bible the same time the students were de- Society, and 19 coopted members. In- voting ~pecial services to pray, plan cidentally, the neW Council is an elo- and work for their conversion. Before quent proof of the growing Christian school closed twenty-five teachers unity in India.-Dnyanodaya. signed cards declaring their definite desire to become Christians. In June e'ight of the teachers united with the Church.

Outcaste Mass Meeting A Bible-Reading Church AREMARKABLE meeting of Ma- AT the annual meeting of the hars, Mangs and other outcaste Australian branch of the China communities was held in Peth village, Inland Mission an address on the il- Bombay Presidency. The local com- literacy of China and what the new mittee built a large tabernacle, with phonetic script is doing to combat it corrugated lron walls and burlap roof. was delivered by Miss Susie Garland, On the floor were 400 or 500 outcastes secretary of the Phonetic Promotion seated. On the platform were the ed- Committee. She said: "Thank God ucated men who led. The chairman We' have today the whole of the New was a Mahar, a memher of the Bom- Testament in this phonetic script. We bay Provincial Legislative Council. A have also some books of the Old Tesfew Brahmans were in the audience. tament, several hymn books and a REsolutions were passed for compul- number of gospel readers and various sory education of their own communi- other books. A great variety of ties, and for improving habits of primers, charts and other teachers' people, especially in the abolition of helps, with much material for propacarrion eating. The last resolution ganda work, has also been prepared. expressed their appreciation of the The motto of the Phonetic Promotion work done for them by missionaries. Committee is 'Every Christian a

reader of the Bible and every Chris- faith of Christ crucified, and they tian a teacher of illiterates.' At the have begun the manful fight under National Christian Conference in His banner against sin, the world, and 1922 we had one Chinese Christian the devil. And we must pray that who 'came a long railway journey to they shall .continue to be Christ's show us how he could read the pho- faithful soldiers and servants unto netic Testament. He was a farmer, their lives' end."

and quite illiterate, unable to read or to write. In a neighboring village a Child Labor Question in China friend of his had learned to read phonetic script. He had not been prop" THE first article of the labor proerty taught, but had picked it up f~om gram adopted by the Chine~e somebody else. In a very short tllI~e Christian Conference, and quoted lD the farmer, with the help of thIS the REVIEW, reads, "No, child under friend, learned to read the New Testament. He was so delighted when he twelve to be employed." This article had learned to read· himself, and to write a little, that he had begun to went into effect September 1st under teach his fellow-villagers, and when he came to the Shanghai Conference an agreement of the cotton mill ownhe had twenty people in his own village studying the Bible, learning to ers near Shanghai with the Child be Christians, and preparing for baptism. This is only one of six or seven Labor Committee sitting in that city, villages opened to the Gospel in that particular distriet· through the teach- and aU children under twelve were ing of phonetic script." dismissed from employment. Previ- ously several thousand minors had been employed. Chinese women's scilounbs~cehdouoclsatiaorneawl aourkthinogrituiepsoannad mis- free educational program for these juve- nile workers, to go into effect immedi- ately. Industrial standards in China A Ohinese Judge Baptized are slowly but sur()ly making an im.

I T was a great occasion for the Chi- pression upon public opinion, and nese Christians. in Yunnanfu, Miss Agatha Harrison, head of the South China, when the chief judge of industrial work of the Y. W. C. A. in the District Procuratorate was bap- China, has been one of the most eftized. Rev. E. S. Y"u, a Chinese pas- fective agents in bringing this about. tor writes in the C. M. S. Outlook In China mere babies toil at night, of'the occasion: d This judge is the work in ten and twelve-hour shifts, first official holding any important po- stunted and dwarfed by their unchildsition to join any Christian church in ish toil. In Peking twenty-seven arthe province. He and Mr. Han, the ticles of labor legislation have been husband of our newly.engaged woman introduced. The aim is to get these evangelist, were baptized at the same articles accepted and enforced in diftimc. It simply did one good to hear ferent industrial centers, working them answer the questions demanded through the local Chambers of Comof them reverently, distinctly, and merce. 'rhe Chlld Labor Committee !l.udibly. The whole congregation was in Shanghai, which was instrumental most orderly and serious, and wit- in bringing about the present child nessed the rite with reverence, accom- labor situation there, was appointed panied perhaps also with suppressed by the Municipal Council of the local excitement. On the other hand, I was government.

deeply impressed by the naturalness and serenity and readiness of the two Attacked by River Bandits B brothers I had the privilege to bap- ANDITS are familiar figures in tize. There was no doubt but that reports from China nowadays, they fully realized the significance of but the following experiences of Rev.

the step taken. Thank God that they and Mrs. M. S. Schlichter, of the have not been ashamed to confess the China Inland Mission in Anshun,

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

K weichow Province, are unusual in Missions to Tibetans T that they occurred on a water trip. HE China Inland Mission lms a mission at Tachienlu, on the east- He writes: ' ,We had gone only about ten miles from Panghai when a band ern border of Tibet, where the people of robbers along the river bank fired are found to be very ready to hear at the boat just ahead of us, calling it the Gospel. The Disciples of Christ in to shore. 'l'hus we escaped, but we are also carrying on a work on the met another band a couple of miles Chinese border and the Seventh Day farther on. This time they fired on Adventists have recently opened a disus and ordered us to land. W €' obeyed pensary in Ta-chien-Iu. From Darat once! a..Ttd when we had come to land jeeling, India, missionary work is they proceeded to go through our be- done by Scotch Presbyterians on inlongings, helping themselves to what- dustrial and C'vangelistic lines and the ever they wanted. The'Y took of our Moravians have a station on the southgoods to the amount of about $100, west border in "Little Tibet." Most and then left us, uninjured, for which of the Bible is translated and printed we were thankful indeed, for they in Tibetan and there is a great need were a fierce looking lot, all armed and opportunity for the distribution with rifles, swords and short knives. of Christian literature. Three or four miles farther down the river we were fired on by a third band, JAPAN-CHOSEN but this time we were right near a Faithful Japanese P swift rapid, and the boatmen seeing ERSONAL letters from Japan since the earthquake bear frequent their chance to escape put all strength to the oars and got to the rapid be- testimony to the faithfulness and loy· fore the robbers were near enough to alty of Japaoose servants and helpers. force us to land. After that we had An American lady who lived next door clear sailing down to Shanghai, thank to the building of the Woman's U:r;tion God!"-China's Millions. Missionary Society in Tokyo was im.

Each One a Street Preacher prisoned by a falling roof, but was released after a time, not badly in- ANEW method of street preaching, jured. Later she was with the Japa- which puts all the Christians at nese group at the mission until taken work instead of one or two, was reo- away in a refugee ship to Kobe. She cently tried by some American Pres- writes: "Servants were heroic-won- byterian missionaries from Hengchow, derful-everywhere. They cannot be HlIDan Province, China. Mrs. G. L. too highly praised." A Mrs. Akana Gelwicks writes of it: "On a recent was caught in the burning city and it trip to one of the older congregations was ten hours before she could reach in a county seat, we instituted a new, her home. There she found· her serv- plan of street preaching. Formerly ant, a Japanese maid who had been after singing a hymn, different per- with her six weeks, faithfully caring sons spoke in turn, one addressing the for the little boy, Paul. She had run entire group. This limits the number with him to a safe place at the time of who can assist. Our new plan is for the first shock, but later had returned all to gather in the church for prayer to the house which was still standing in the afternoon. Then we take the and, although it was shaking and very large character hymn charts to the unsafe, had entered it and gathered streets, each person carrying some together her mistress's and the little tracts to give out. After singing to boy's clothing and other necessities draw a crowd, no one would address and removed them to a place of safety.

the entire group, but each would talk Mrs. Akana writes: "I do not dis- to one or more pegple in the group, count all the stories which must have and thus have a share in the work. come to America of violence and rob- This plall was tried and worked splen- bery, and doubtless most were true, didly. " for it was bound to be, given all the

conditions, but my own personal tes- solved that a campaign for the- eraditimony is that I saw nothing but cation of leprosy within the Empire quiet and order and a great many had become necessary. There were mutual kindnesses.' 1 present at this inaugural meeting a number of prominent medieal men. Bibles for Japan The objects of the new Association will include the support of leprosy THE effects of the Japanese earth- research and the extension of the use quake are being noticed along f'f the latest methods of treatment of many different lines of missionary ef- the disease, also further means for the fort. One of these was the shipment reduction and cV6ntual eradication of by the American Bible Society in Oc- leprosy in the various parts of the tober of five truckloads of Bibles Empire. The Rev. Frank Oldrieve, printed in Japanese. The shipment is Secretary for India of the Mission to the- first vf a series to be made from Lepers, has accepted the appointme~t th!' United States until the society is of Secretary of the new Association. able to replace plates destroyed in the -Without the Camp. earthquake and to resume printing in Japan. More than 500,000 volumes, Presbyterian Allianee Meeting it was stated, already have been printed in New York by photographic proc- FURTHER reports of the Zurich ess to replace the volumes ordinarily meeting of the Presbyterian Alliprinted in Japan. ance, referred to in the November REVIEW, state- that the 125 delegates GENERAL represented twenty-six countries and thirty-eight different churches and in- Leprosy a World Problem cluded the leaders of the churches of continental Europe. The conference THE problem of leprosy has rE"- discussed the condition of the Euro- cently been approached from two pean churches and what might be done broad points of view. The first was to help them, the revival of the work indicated in the Third International of the Roman Church, church unity, Conference on Leprosy, held at Stras- the social problems of the churches, burg, JUly 28th to 31st, under the and the oppression suffered by the auspices of the French Government on churches in southeastern Europe. In the occasion of the centenary of the Transylvania two hundred congregabirth of Pasteur, when delegates were tions may be lost unless there is impresent from almost every part of mediate relief. Churches there, in the world where leprosy is prevalent. Jugoslavia and in Czechoslovakia are The Conference met in the Institute of undergoing difficulties. The confer- Hygiene, and was opened by the Min- ence suggested to the Eastern (Euroister of Hygiene. The later sessions pean) and Western (American) secof the Conference were presided over tions of the Alliance that they appoint by the Preside~t, Dr. Jeanselme. The a joint deputation to visit these coun- Secretary was Dr. Marchoux. At the tries and examine into conditions in various sessions the subjects dealt with them. " The conference, " says a were: Statistics from the Countries writer in Chrigtian Wark, "is a pleaswhere Leprosy is Prevalent, the Eti- ant contrast to the earlier one at Lauology of the Disease, Pathology of sanne. There the churches, just come Leprosy, Treatment, Social and Pri- out of the Great World War, weore all vate Prophylaxis and Legislation. in great straits and some quite dis- organized. Today, in spite of poverty The second matter of interest to and oppression, they are thoroughly friends of lepers was the organization organized, hopeful and ready for of the British Empire Leprosy Relief work." Association at a meeting held recently in the India Office, at which Lord Chelmsford presided, when it was re-

MIlSSJ[ONAllY

The .Tew and Xis Mission. I!;enry Ostrom. ecy or with his outline of coming Cloth. 157 pages, $1.25. Bible Institute events, but all should agree with his Colportage Association. Chicago. 1923. meanwhile program of giving the Gospel to the Jews as individuals. He The mission of the .rews in the past says: "What is the Christian's pres- ent-day duty in behalf of the evanis generally acknowledged. Other na- gelization of Israel f On the very face tions fulfilled the divine purpose in of it, the answer to the question must various ways, but to Israel was given be measurably affected by the fact the supreme privilege of being the that fifte€'ll million souls of men in blindness and hardness of sin are in channel through which the revelation the presence of Christian people, of God and His salvation was given to whose field is encompassed by nothing all the world. Not all Christians, less than the word 'whosoever' ….. . however, think of the Jews of the How a person with a Bible in his present day, or of those in America, hands can advocate missions to Mex- icans, missions to South Americans, as related to a present or future pur- missions to Alaskans, and to Asiatics, pose of God for the world. Africans, and to the benighted among the isles of the sea, and neglect or It is this aspect of the Jewish prob- oppose missions to Jews challenges reasonable consideration." lem which is considered in this volume. The author recognizes in the marvelous preservation of the Jews throughout the ages, amid all the flux of time and circuIIlBtance which have submerged other nations, and of persecutions specially designed to destroy Tthheemy, thhea-vfeulfreilCm€e.lvnetdofaa "dicvainlhe.npgla0nf. India's Religion. By Dr. Julius Richter, Professor of Missions at the University God" which has never been revoked. of Berlin. One of the "Philosophische They have a mission which it should Reihe," (Row of Philosophical Books).

be the concern of the Christian Rosl & Cie. Miinchen. 1923.

Church to understand and consider in In its slavish adherence to details, the carrying forward of its work. its comprehensive mastery of the sub- The author links the future of the ject and its presumption upon the Jews as a nation with their accept- inte-lligence of the readers, Dr. Richter ance of Christ when He returns to has given us a typical German study reign in .Jerusalem. The present of the subject. It is tended to serve movement looking toward the estab- as a mission study book, but is far lishment of the Jews in their ancient above the level of such books in the homeland indicates that the divine English language. After tracing his- purpose is on the way to fulfilm.ent. torically the development of India's Their return unevangelized will be religions from the time of the Vedas attende-d by widely extended apostasy, to modern Hinduism, the author gives n- the rapture of the Church, and the a rather extended analysis of the chief appearance of Anti-christ. Then, types, including the modern practical nally, Christ will come with His saints movement looking to religious and to reign in .Jerusalem, the Jews will civillibert.y as headed by Gandhi and be won to Him and under His leader- other leaders. The book is a fine COll- ship will become the evangelists of tribution not only to the study of the nations. comparative religions, but also to the Many Christians will not agree with modern missionary problem as such.

the author's interpretation of proph- It blazes the way fQ:r a higher type of 1039 .

lllisslOnary textbooks. It should be The "fudustrialization of China" translated and placed at the disposal of English-speaking students and sup- is a good chapter for business men; porters of missions. and to save her from the dilemma of China in the Family of Nations. Henry T. materialism and militarism, which Hodgkin, M.A., M.B. 267 pp. New York: GeorgE' H. Doran Company. $2.00. 1923. Occidental Powers have thrust upon A former medical missionary in her, Dr. Hodgkin thinks that we find China has' returned thither after years of successful service in England "a missionary task of the first magas secretary of the Friends' Foreign Mission Association. Acting now as a nitude. We owe it to China to give Secretary of the China National Christian Council, he has unusual fa- our best thought and some of our best cilities for knowing the Republic in its varied secular, international and people to her to help in the solution religious aspects. It is thus a volume which records, interprets and enforces of a problem we have done so much truths which every Christian of broad vision should know. to create."

The opening chapter is rather com- "The New Thonght Movement," monplace, and the second one on the treasures of the past, is not especially which most surprised Dr. John R. new. After passing those pages, the reader is plunged into international Mott in his last visit to China, is very themes W:l in 1840 China began to touch outside nations in a serious way satisfactorily set forth in chapter X, and respond to the new contacts. Then the Republic is unfolded to us, though. thanks to the helpfulness of Dr. T. T. pue wonders whether the Chinese would agree with him in some of his Liu and Dr. de Vargas. pritieisms of that chapter. In chap- ters VI and VII the author discusses In his final chapter, "China's Gift what he rightly calls "one of the JJlost difficult o.f all the questions con- to the World," Dr. Hodgkin comes to cerning China's relationships to for- eign powers." As a member of the the hardest part of his task, he as- Society of Friends he accomplishes his task with some frankness and serts; and he forsakes his rOle of his- vigor-yet he "speaks the truth in love. " Rarely have we seen so con- torian and assumes the mantle of the cise and yet complete a summing up of the China-Japan question as is prophet. It might better have been found on pp. 134-38. entitled, "Gifts Most Needed from the Now ~ goes afield, and in "China, Europe and America" we have an ex- Christian World"; and in his five ceedingly clear presentation of thC' outsta.nding relationships and prob- specifications on pp. 243-49, following lems of this international group. It is .rather startling to read here, "I think his list of six great needs of China, no European nation is so popular in China today as is Germany," and Rus- the Christian reader sees what the sia fares better in his treatment than it usually .does-as in Secretary Church can do to bless that nascent Hughes' utterances, for eXlimple. Republic to realize its manifest des- tiny in Asia and as part of the unified world. H. P. B: The HistOl'Y of the Yornbas: From the Earliest Tim.es to the Beginning of the British l'rotectorate. By the Rev. Samuel Johnson; Edited by Dr. O. JohnBon. With a map and Frontispiece. New York: E. P. Dutton & Company. 1921. pp. Iv & 671. :li8.00.

The author, an Anglican clergyman -of Yoruba parentage, patriotically de- termined to write a history of his fatherland, and sent the manuscript to a publisher in 1899. In 1900 the publisher said he had lost it; and in 1901 the author died. Some years later, his brother set himself to write the history anew, availing himself of copious notes and rough copies that thc author had left; and in 1916 he sent the publishers his new manu- script, by a boat that was captured by a German raider. The manuscript was I!:iven up for lost; and in 1918 the fateful document was delivered to the London printers. By this time, the sion upon Calcutta. Yet Dr. Duff cost of paper had enormously in- went to get inspiration and direction creased, and publication was delayed of a sort from the little veteran. He till 1921. decided to cut loose from the Seram- The book is not so much a history pore Triad in one vastly important as a compendium of facts and tradi- particular-he would employ English tions concern~g Yoruba speech, cus- as the basal instrument in his propa- toms and doings. .As an African ganda; and it was what made Lord attempt to produce African literature, Macaulay famous, that he was led to it deserVes commendation j but its follow in Duff's wake in this policy. misuse of pronouns and lack of logical It is in chapter XIV, "The Christian sequence tends to confuse English Educationist," that Mr. Paton makes readers. It is lilrely to do its best ,his best unit of contribution, though work in Nigeria; but its tales of throughout the volume he throws in avarice, ambition, truculence, treach- frequent references to educational cry,· petty intrigues, jarring cliques, theories and practices later than those slave-raids, and gory glory are a use- of Duff's day. His final chapter, "The ful corrective to the belated European Man Himself," is a portrait worthy notion that Africa's" simple children of being enshrined in every earnest of nature" would be happy enough student's heart and frequently looked if only Europeans would leave them upon in reverence. The volume lacks alone. A book for the Reference Li- color and the inspirational quality brary and the shelves of the specialist, which Duff ought to evoke, but it is rather than for the average reader. most worthy of every intending mis- sionary educator's careful reading. w.c.w.

Alexander Duff. Pioneer of Missionary Edu· 1I. P. B. cation. William Paton. 240 pp. New York: George H. Doran Company. $1.50. Henry Loomis. Friend of the Ealt. Clara 1923. Denison Loomis, with introduction by Rob- ert E. Speer. Portrait, 150 pp. $1.25. Dr. George Smith's full and Fleming II. Revell Co. New York. 1923.

abridged editions of Duff's life are This is a simple record of a noble out of print and altogether too full missionary life,.by the missionary's for the present-day reader, classics daughter. In the introduction, Robthough they were. Mr. Paton of Cal- ert E. Speer says: .

cutta has now written. a sizable and "The best values of life and char- readable life of one of the most forma- acter were in Henry Loomis-loyalty, tive and strongest of missionary edu- faithfulness, modesty, industry, con- cators. One hardly knows why the siderateness, love. Every memory of author should have chosen the sub- him is cleansing and genial. "

title, "Pioneer of Missionary Educa- Of New England stock dating from tion," when he wrote only thirteen 1639 in Connecticut, Henry Loomis miles from Serampore where Carey, was born in 1839, entered Hamilton Marshman and Ward had erected its College in 1859, enlisted in 1861, was famous College, the first institution in 21 battles and skirmishes, twice empowered to grant degrees in the wounded in the Wilderness and was India of a century ago. Of course at Ilee's surrender at Appomattox. they did many other things and 1'e- Graduating at Hamilton in 1866 and ceived their salaries from the East at Auburn Senrinary in 1869; in India Company, but they certainly 1870-71 in the Hawaiian Islands to were missionary educators all the attend the jubilee commemoration of same. the establishment of missionary work, he was, from 1872 until a health Mr. Paton calls Carey a "great edu- cationist" and admits that Serampore breakdown in 1876, in Japan under College had a great work, though too the Presbyterian B{)ard-with an infar away to make much of an impres- spiring life companion in Jane Her- 6

ring Greene. Back to Japan in 1881 Ian P. Beach and prepared under the to continue until his death in 1920, direction of the Board of Missionary Loomis came into close touch with Preparation. The author is Professor such historic personages as Prince Ito, of the Hist'lry of Religion and Mis- Prince Katsura, Bishop Honda, Kim sions in the Pacific School of Religion Ok Kyun. His services in the work and has spent over ten years with of the American Bible Society in Ja- Buddhist peoples of eastern Asia. He pan and Korea for a generation; his is therefore thoroughly familiar with devotion to wounded and prisoners their life and literature and has given in Japan's wars with China and Rus- us an interesting volume, well written sia; and his accomplishments as ento- and of practical value to students or mologist and his graces as hospitable workers in Buddhist lands.

host, friend and Christian-all are. This volume deals especially with well presented in this loving filial the Buddhism of Burma, Ceylon and sketch by one who helps now in Japan Siam, commonly known as the Hinato perpetuate the sweet savor of the yana, though it has departed far from name of Loomis. J. G. D. the ideals of the founder. In a few Congo Missionary Conference. A Report of vivid sketches the religion of these countries is portrayed as it is lived the Eighth Congo General Conference of by these people. We see the monastic Protestant Missionaries. 214 pp. Bolobo; Congo BeIge. 1921. school and its moral teaching. We This report should be available for gaze upon the women the supporters all students of African missions, and of conservative religion. We also realespecially for all secretaries of socie- ize as never before the moral needs ties having work in that continent. It and the social conditions.

is not as devoid of general interest as In the sixth chapter the author dis- so many reports are, for the reader is cusses B'uddhism as a living religion carried into the midst of African mis- pointing out its strong side as well as sionary counsels and sees, probably its weakness. In chapter seven he for the first time and very intimately, treats the approach to the Buddhists the conditions and problems which of Southern Asia, where the emphasis face missionaries there. How invalu- varies in each country and so each able for missionary candidates and has its distinct problems. In all these junior missionaries in the Congo lands, however. the missionary must would be Dr. Mumpower's paper upon have clear Christian convictions; he "Means for the Development of the must be willing to appreciate new as- Native." And Mr. Roome's paper pects of old truth, and must have a upon "East-West Africa Chain of sympathetic sense of beauty and Mission Stations" would answer in a humor. The last paragraph of the measure questions as to further ex- chapter thrills with the opportunity pansion in Equatorial Africa that to win these son!! of the East to allegi- Board secretaries are often asking. ance to our Lord and Master who WhHe the discussions are only briefly placed so much stress on the mystical reported, the minute secretaries were side of 'religion.

evidently master hands in selecting es- While the author appreciates the sentials in such informal discussions. good points of Buddhism, he also con- We commend the Report and con- structively criticizes its weaknesses so ,gratulate its compilers. H. P. B. that the small volume is the harbinger Buddhism and Buddhists in Southern Asia: of the new approach to these great re- By Kenneth J. Saunders. 12mo. pp. xiii ligions in the spirit of Christ.

and 75. $1.00. The Maemillan Company. Appendix I gives use,ful hints for New York. 1923. preliminary readings on Buddhism in This is the second volume of the Southern Asia. Appendix II contains "World's Living Religions Series", a practical bibliography of thirty- edited by Frank K. Sanders and Har- four items. L. H.

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The Chinese Recorder JOURNAL OF THE CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT IN CHINA Independent-Interdenominational- International Established Fifty-Four Years Aims to Interpret China of To-day as Seen in New Intellectual Life, Social Changes and Religious Movements, Original Articles by Chinese Writers A Neces.rity to Libraries and those Concerned with the Needs and Aspirations of Changing China PUBLISHED MONTHLy-Each issue contains at least sixty-four pages SUBSCRIPTIoN-United States and Canada, $3.00 gold CHINESE RECORDER, 5 Quinsan Gardens, Shanghai Sample copy sent on request At the Mercy of Turkish Brigands Three New Books by Miss APPLEGARTH A new book, by Mrs. D. C. Eby. A gripping nar- SHORT MISSIONARY PLAYS rative of tbrllUng experiences, .and hair-breadth escapes of five missionaries and three hundred More SHORT MISSIONARY PLAYS Armenian orpbans. occupying a compound tor several months, directly 'between the besieging Turk- Miss Applegarth has done nothing more original ish forces, and the Armenian city of Hadjin. than these plays, which cover both Home and Fascinating as fiction. but absolutely true. 285 pages, cloth bound, price n,75, Foreign Missions. T'ney are so simple that the smallest churches can produce them, and their Redemption Completed missionary appeal is far greater than any address. B,. REV. J. A. HUFFMAN Titles in. UBhort Missionary Plays": Color Blind; An exceptional book, touching every aspect of 'Kimona; The Latest Victor Record; Just Suppose; hUman existence. It treats man in all his rela- The Girl Who Fell Through the Earth; Seven Keys to Mr. Bald Pate i Hands Up !; Fare, 'Please j' IndeI1ble j tions. from his Eden Paradise to the eternal state. The Gospel According to the Telephone Book: Paln It is not speculative, but entirely Scriptural, un- StI"<let. folding the Word of God in an unusual and interesting 'Way. It is a classic on full salvation. Contains oveJ" two hundred pages, frontispiece of the Titles in ."More· Short Missionary Plays'·: Empty Stockings; Christmas Tree Pageant; Strictly Private; author and j8 BUbstantially and beaut1fu]]y bound Galatea Takes a Lease on Life; The Yes-But-ers j In cloth. Price, prepaid ,1.20 Katy-Did; Watt a Minute j Jack the Giant Killer; The Job a World Example Subscription Clinic i Mrs. Jarley's Wax Works i The Child in the Midst. Each. Net '1.,5(1 By REV. J. A. HUFFMAN SOME BOY$ AND GIRL$ IN AMERICA The author takes this exceedingly difficult book and unfolds it until it becomes one of the interest- Twenty delightful stories of children from other ing and Bublime books of the Bible. lands who have made their home in America. A.n Evangelist Bud Robinson says of it :-"Shake up indispensable aid to teaching Home Missions to ~tiI,!r a~:j~~' a!~r~O~~~l °ri~~ s~~~ ~fet~!eri~t~:t little folks. The titles will fix a child's attention food that you ever feasted upon. tl at once, such 'IlS "Let's Discover America"; 94 pages, cloth bound. Price, 60c, postpaid. "Banana Beppo 's Go-cart", "Mind your P'iI and Q's"; " The Orphan, and the Bottled Bethel Publishing Co., Dept.37A Cow"; ete. Illustrated. Net, $1.60 New CarDale, Ohio _ I' , A….. At YOUT ReIil/iou. BooA Store 'I CEORCE H. DORAN COMPANY 244 M.di.on ·New·York Please mention THE MISIJIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers.

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CONTENTS FOR MAY, 1923 -Page FRONTISPIECE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A DEVOTIONAL SERVICE IN GENERAL FENO'S ARMY EDITORIALS ..•……………………………………………•……. 333 SUMMER SERVICE BY CHRISTIAN . AMERICAN RESPONSIBILITY IN EUROPE STUDENTS THE PRESENT CRISIS IN AFRICA RELIGIOUS PROGRESS IN AMERIOA THE Y. M. C. A. AND THE CHUROHES FENG YU·SHIANG, A CHRISTIAN GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BELLE M. BRAIN 343 The inspiring story of a remarkable Christian general of the Ch,inese army who has enlisted thousands of his men as Christian Bib Ie stuilents a-nil hM cleaned up the aities where he has been. stationed.

SIAM, THE LAST STAND OF BUDDHISM ……………….. JOHN N. MILLS 355 A traveler's observations in the "Land of the White Elephant," where Buddhism hM been the State religion but where Christianity is steadily growing in influence.

GETTING GOD COUNTED AMONG THE MEXICANS …… ROBERT N. McLEAN 359 A picture of the conditions prevailing among the Mexicans n,orth of the Rio Grande' and of the evangelical Ch,ristian work whAch is introducing God tis a vital foree in their lives.

THOUSANDS OF CONVERTS FROM ISLAM ………… SAMUEL M. ZWEMER 364 The remarkable results of the work of the Rhenish Missionary Society -and the Dutch missions in Java and Sumatra a.. noted by Dr. Zwemer on his recent visit to Malaysia.

KHAMA, A CHRISTIAN CHIEF OF AFRICA ……………….. J. C. HARRIS 365 A biographical sketch of the Ch,ristian kinlg of the Bamangwato who learned of Christ through David Livingstone anil who governed his people according to Christiam. principles.

FOR MOTHER'S DAY-A MISSIONARY MOTHER.. By A MISSIONARY DAUGHTER 372 COOPERATION AMONG THE CHURCHES OF CANADA . . . . . . C. E. MANNINO 373 The story of how the Protestant C1vwrches of Canada luwe accomplished the kind of churoh urdon 80 mueh talked about in the United States.

AN INDIAN'S GIFT TO HIS PEOPLE …………………… C. H. BURKE 376 CONFLICTING FORCES IN-PAPUA …………………… CHARLES W. ABEL 377 The ili1/ioolties eneounterea from heathenism and from mcious white men by missionary foroes in their efforts to Ch,ristianize the people of BrUish New Guinlea. FARMERS AND THE COUNTRY CHURCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. R. MANN 383 The relation of better far'ming to better Christianity in the rural ilistriots of America, Gf! proved experimentally. BEST METHODS UNDER DIFFIOULTIES ……………. MRS. E. C. CRONK 386 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN …… EDITED BY FLORENOE E. QUINLAN' 392 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN …………………………. .

…. _………………… EDITED BY Mas. HENRY W. PEABODY AND OTHERS 395 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ••…………………………………….. _ 399 MISSIONARY LIBRARY .•……………………………………..•••. 415 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 eents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1923, by Missionary Review Publishing Company, Ine. All rights reserved.

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Please mention THu MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD In writing to advertisers. ~I====================~ MR. ALFRED Z'ARIR, of St. John's School, Agra, and author of ' 'A Lover of the WANTED Cross," is preparing for his M.A. and tak- BIBLES for BULGARIA . . ing a course in journalism at Oolumbia Uni- We sent our Missionary, Rev. Paul Mishkoff, versity, New York City. (Moody Bible Institute Graduate), at Philip- popolis, Bulgaria, $300 to purchase Bibles. REV. SOLOMON BIRNBAUM, director of the Soon this reply came: Emmanuel Neighborhood House, Baltimore, "In one meeting 360 professed Christ; 400 I . . . has accepted the chair of JewIsh Missions in anotheT." in the Moody Bible Institute, Chicago. N ow he writes this appeal: "If I can haye 20,000 Bibles and new Testa- REV. DR. A. OLTMANS, for thirty-seven years a missionary 0'£ the Dntch Reformed 0t ments, I tell lOU 'We can shake Bulga,ia, with Church in Japan, has been appointed one of three missionaries, who, with three J ap- the h.lp God, ami 'Win thOtUands of souls . . . anese Christian scholars, are to translate a /0' Ch,ist. '

new version of the Old Testament. No overhead charge; 100 per cent. of all Scripture gifts goes to the Field, Mlts.•TOHN H. WYBURN, superintendent of the McAuley Mission on Water Street, Send )'our gifts to New York City, since her husband's death, has recently married Rev. Clarence C. Fitch, Russia Evangelization Society a Baptist evangelist. She is to be succeeded (International_Interdenominational) . at the Mission by Alexander L. Jones of ARNO C. GAEBELEIN. D.O.• President ALWYN C. BALL. JR•• Vice President Washington, D. C. COL. E. N. SANCTUARY. Treasurer DON. O. SHELTON. Executive Committee REV. DR. AND MRs. DAVID DOWNIE, for nearly fifty years missionaries of the Amer- NORMAN J. SMITH. General Secretary ican Baptist Foreign Mission Society in Room 520 156 Fifth Avenue, New York South India, celebrated their golden wedding anniversary in Nepor:. YOUR BOYS AND GIRLS SHOULD NOT MISS REV. DWIGHT W. LEA&NED, D.D., of the Doshisha University, Kyoto, was the only EVERYLAND foreigner honored by the Japanese Government on the occasion of the celebration cif the fiftieth anniversary of the establishment of the educational system in Japan. He received from the Emperor a silver cup, and from tHe 'Educational Depru-tment a gold medal. and a silver goblet, besides a handsome scroll.

OBITUARY Here are some of the good things in F&ANCIS W. AYER, known not only as an the May num.ber: advertising pioneer, but as leader in state and national affairs both of the Baptist The Mugger-Much-Oscar MacMillan Buck India Inklings-Margaret T. Applegarth Church and the Y. M. y. A., died on March Hasan-Charlotte E. Young "Fare, Please"-APlay-Margaret T. Applegarth 5th in his seventy..-.fif.t.h y*ear. Little 'Round-The-World Stories-J. Mervin Hull REV. GEORGE F. FITCa, D.D., of the Everyland Exchange-Katherine S. Cronk Central China Mission of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., died in Shanghai, Boys and Girls Love Everyland February 11th, after fifty-two years in China, which so his associates said, have IT BROADENS THEIR VISION made "his name known and the power of his eharaeter felt in the far earners of the IT CULTIVATES WORLD FRIENDSHIP nation. "

*** IT·GIVES THEM SYMPATHY FOR MISSIONS LORD Krn NAIIlJ), kn<>wn and loved allover the world because of his long conneetion with the World'8 Evangelical Alliance, died Special Combination Offer-Saves $1.00 Everyland ($1.50 per Year) in London, JanUl,ry 30th; in his seventy- MissionaryReview of the World ($2.50 a year) sixth year. **• Together $3.00 a Year REV. ALFRED DEWITT MASON, D.D., former editor <>f the Chriati.wn Inte!Ugencer, and a leader in Reformed Church activities, died in Brooklyn, New York, on January THE MISSIONARY REVIEWofthe WORLD 27, 1923. Dr. Mason was a generous sup- porter and an able advocate of ("'hristian Room 1018, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City missions.

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A DEVOTIONAL SERVICE IN GENERAL FENG'S

Officers arc r eadIng the Scriptures to th e m en while arms a re stacked neaI'by a:Q d soldiers are patroUng. Discipllne is coupled with devoti on

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL. MAY, 1923 NUMBER LXVI FIVE SUMMER SERVICE BY CHRISTIAN STUDENTS E XPE~njmCE in the joy and worth-whileness of Christian serv- ice often brings a call to the mission field. The Congregational Sunday School Extension Society sent out in the summer of 1921 nine young men and seven young women students, representing thirteen colleges of eleven states, to engage in Christian work in home mission fields. The result of the experiment was so satisfactory that last summer thirty young men and eighteen young women students from thirty-one colleges were commissioned and over two hundred applied. All but three of the young men and all but two of the young women returned, definitely committed to Christian lifework at home or abroad.

Dr. W. Knighton Bloom, Extension Secretary says: "These groups of youthful messengers of the Christian evangel went out facing this challenge: ' Using my life where it will count the most for the summer months.' With Christian character, abounding enthusiasm and a definite vision that led them on, thirty-nine young men and twenty-five young women interpreted the fundamental things of Christianity in terms of practical everyday living. They urged other young people to reach the highest possible, along religious and educational ideals. They taught and lived the joyous, wholesome religion of Christ, and their reward was the joy of Christian service and the greatness of Christian accomplishment. Under the direction of state workers and missionary pastors, many phases of service entered into the summer's program. New Mission Sunday-schools an(j Young People's Societies were organized; Daily Vacation Bible Schools were held; Sunday-school classes taught; and other activities included Teacher Training classes, Community clubs and Story Hours. Especially helpful was the large amount of parish visitatiol1, often reaching out through its helpful ministry into remote rural communities. "

333

A western college Student Volunteer went to a little church on the plains of North Dakota with the feeling that the task was so great and he was too small. Some week days found him spraying potatoes, driving cattle or helping with the harvest as he boarded in the various homes. He got next to folks! He mediated between two neighborhood factions; encouraged and enlivened a struggling Sunday-school with its home in the district schoolhouse, and through it all extended the Kingdom and the influence of the little church. Down in the Central South a consecrated young man and true missionary organized ten Sunday-schools in ten weeks, and is not content until leaders, literature, and if possible, teachers' training classes, are assured.

The young woman whose weekly report closed with "yours in a very glad service," thinks" the life of any worker should be one of romance and delight." She took a group of shy young girls, whose ranch homes were so scattered. that a weekly church hour under a great tree on one ranch was of greatest moment in their lives. She acted as a camp nurse for seventy Camp Fire girls for a week, and incidentally rowing instructor, Bible class teacher, and general lecturer on etiquette. She called in homes where mothers had long repressed the things nearest their hearts. She took charge of regular services and teaching Bible class, and lining things up for teacher training. Her testimony rings true: "I believe that one absolutely must h.ave in order to share, and that people are more hungry than I would have dared to believe for the message of Christ, and more truly, for Christ Himself. This has been a great summer and if any other girl who has gone out and has had experiences similar to mine can yet keep from life service, then I simply cannot understand how such things can be. I have exulted in the romance of it, have grown stronger in the work of it, and my faith in God and in man is more a part of me than it ever was before. Christian service does demand the very best one has to give, and I think that is but a part of its challenge and its charm."

A young man assisted in a rural field in one of the most northern states. He touched ten fields, organizing Sunday-schools, leading youngsters and young folks in happy recreational activities. Across the continent another young man "drove a pony or rode a Ford" along trails leading to isolated homes and district schools.

Four students worked with a cotton mill town as center. One who directed the Vacation Bible School in the town had her first class at 5: 45 A. M. The succeeding duties of the day involved giving swimming lessons, calling, junior choir practice, and usually closing with personal work or other services at evening meetings. With such a program she says, "I can't express the feeling I have when I realize that every minute of every day is spent in Christian service and that one does not have to be sad or long-faced about it either, for I surely am having one happy time."

EDITORIAL COMMENT

RELIGIOUS PROGRESS IN' AMERICA STATISTICS are notorious f.or not always telling the truth and for never telling the whole truth, but they are of value never- theless. When gathered on a uniform basis the comparison with other years is very informing. Dr. H. K. Carroll, has recently published his annual tables in The Christian Herald, (New York) and"reports a gain of 948,347 in church membership in the United States for 1922. The United States census for last year is the basis of the report. This gain brings the total number of members in all religious organizations in this country up to 44,663,684.

Approximately sixty per cent of the total numerical strength is included in the churches making up the Protestant Evangelical group, which has a total of 27,256,001 communicants and recorded a gain of 828,600 in 1922. The gain of the Roman Catholic Church was 89,016, on the basis of 15,478,099 communicants or 85 per cent of the Catholic population. The Eastern Orthodox group aggregating 625,944 communicants had a gain of 32,500 for the year. The Roman Catholic gain is smaller than usual, due, perhaps, in part to restricted immigration.

Among the Protestants, the largest denominational group is the Baptist, which reports a gain of 305,597 for the year, making the number of communicants in its fourteen bodies total 8,303,824. The Methodist group of fifteen bodies drops into second place, with a gain of 269,198 and a total membership of 8,270,704. The eighteen" Lutheran organizations record an increase of 58,839 and rank third with a total membership of 2,443,016, followed closely by the Presbyterian group with 2,401,267 communicants and a gain of 53,122 for the year. The Disciples of Christ, with 1,552,713 members and a gain of 32,998, and the Protestant Episcopal, with a total membership of 1,129,613 and a gain of 36,808, make" up the other Protestant groups having more than a million members. The Congregational Church now has 848,318 members after making a gain of 10,047; and the Reformed group records a gain of 11,256 and a total membership of 522,161.

The largest single Protestant denomination is the Methodist Episcopal Church (Northern), with 4,085,016 members, and the second is the National Baptist Convention (Colored) with 3,426,506, the Southern Baptist Convention standing third with 3,339,118.

The increase in the number of ministers aggregating 4,238 is less than that of 1921. The large gain in ministers reported for the African Methodist Episcopal Church, 823, covers the gains of several years. .The entire Presbyterian group gains in 1922 only 45 ministers, while the Protestant Episcopal Church actually reports a loss of twenty-four.

The total of churches, 238,681, shows a gain of 2,588, more than half that of 1921. The Presbyterian group suffers a loss of 165,

DENOMINATIONAL STATISTICS FOR 1922 (:E'rom The Christian Herala., New York) Min· Com,muni· Gaflns in 1922 isters cants Churches Min. CM. Com. 1,662 139,277 Adventists, 5 Bodies …… . 700 2,931 10,0.00 33 20. 2,698 Assemblies of God …….. . 20.0. Baptist, 14 Bodies (a) …… . 48,170 8,303,824 665 2,344 305,597 Brethren (Dunkard), 4 Bodies 3,719 67,801 142,485 5,343 Brethren (Plymouth), 6 Bodies 1,304 13,244 d338 24 204 458 5,962 Brethren (River), 3 Bodies .. 34 122 5,(;39 Bnddhist Japanese Temples .. 13 12 Catholic Apostolic, 2 Bodies .. 13 2,768 Catholic Eastern Orth odox, 9 506 515 625,944 50 as 32,50.0 Bodies ……………… . 89,0.16, 22,630 17,10.8 11>,568,099 443 384 Catholic Western, 3 Bodies .. . d2,931 Christadelphians ………… . 76 3,890 100 Christian Church ……….. . 899 1,10.8 94,153 38 14 Christian Union ………… . Chureh of Christ Sdentist … . 370 322 16,900. 20. 2 Chureh of God and Saints of 3,578 1,789 146 73 Christ (Colored) ……… . Churches of God (Winebrenner) 101 94 3,311 Churches of God, Gen. Assembly 40.7 456 26,372 dl4 d69 d2,300 Churches of the Living God (Colored), 3 Bodies …… . 923 666 21,076 160. 113 2,828 Churches of the New Jernsalem, 125 130 3,00.0 d75 d35 dl,GOo. 2 Bodies ……………. . 111 106 7,879 d17 d33 d1,521 Communistic Societies, 2 Bodies 13 1,784 d6 d117 5,761 848,318 d20 Congregational Churches (a) . 8,,365 5,824 156 d49 10.,047 Disciples of Christ, 2 Bodies . 1,591 14,167 1,552,713 d234 32,998 217,189 3 EV!lJ1gelical Church …….. . 444 2,392 13,933 d54 3,525 EV!lJ1gelistic, 15 Bodies ….. . 34 20.7 17,962 16 EV!lJ1gelical Protestant …… . 37 5 15,922 Evangelical Synod ……… . 1,152 290,782 28 29 1,330 6,225 d1 692 Free Christian Zion (Colored) 35 552 :E'riends, 4 Bodies ………. . 1,374 118,083 195 139 d131 Jewish Congregations 721 1,0.13 357,135 58,839 1,901 d141 13 Latter·Day Saints, 2 Bodies 8,690 1,721 587,570. 1,308 23 2,479 Lutheran, 18 Bodies …….. . 10,065 2,443,016 10 269,198 Scandinavians, 3 Bodies ….. . 14,110. d4 Mennonites, 12 Bodies …… . 536 437 36,802 1,509 1,610 969 Methodists, 15 Bodies ……. . 45,263 85,0.:12 Moravi!lJ1s, 2 Bodies …….. . 63,30.6 8,270,70.4 Nonsectarian Bible F ft, i t h 147 156 25,254 Churches ……………. . Pentecostal, 4 Bodies ……. . 51 61 3,189 3 243 Presbyterian, 9 Bodies …… . 3,002 1,815 64,,221 2,059 Protestant Episcopal, 2 Bodies 14,320 15,653 2,401,267 431 39 53,122 5,777 7,819 1,129,613 36,808 Reformed, 3 Bodies …….. . 2,713 522,161 45 d165 11,256 Salvation ArIllO' ……….. . 2,250 1,262 52,291 6,322 American Rescue Workers … . 3,940 d24 d136 3,526 Schwenkfelders ………… . 90. 3,526 290 7 1,377 28 d3 41 Social Brethren ………… . 6 Society for Ethical Culture .. 19 950. 212 145 9,679 10 7 3,210 Spiritualists ………….. '. 290 90 Temple Society ………… . 11 60.O 50.,000 Unitarians (e) …………. . 500 260 d3 42 United Brethren, 2 Bodies … . 2 2 448 71,110. 62 <1149 Universalists (g) ……….. . 492 3,627 385,861 Independent Congregations .. 2,209 850 620 59,650 267 879 48,673 Grand Total in 1922 202,681 238,681 44,663,684 4,238 2,558 948,347 Grand Total in 1921 …… 198,443 236,123 43,715,337 4,396 4,953 1,0.13,296 (a) Estimated increases for 1922 based on average gain of three years. (c) Census of 1916. (d) Decrease. (e) Canvass of denomination not yet com:plete. Constituents, 10.8,560.. (g) Returns new canvass incomplete.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

the Protestant Episcopal Church of 136, the United Brethren of 149, the Reformed group of 3, the Disciples of Christ of 234, the Methodist Episcopal Church of 169, while the total gain of the whole Methodist group is only 23.

The percentages of gain in communicants is illuminating. The largest is 6 per cent among the Moravians and the smallest gain is six-tenths among Roman Catholics. A loss is reported among communistic bodies and the Mormons (Latter Day Saints). These figures relate only to numbers-there is no way of showing spiritual conditions by statistics.

AMERICAN CHRISTIANS' RESPONSIBILITY IN EUROPE I T is becoming more and more evident that the world is a unit. Germs may be isolated for scientific purposes, but germs do not remain isolated. Individuals may be placed in solitary confinement for the good of society, but normally men live in communities. Hermit nations have been known in the past but have not been able to keep their ports sealed. Churches and Christians cannot live normally if they attempt to ignore their obligations to mankind, near and far. Disciples of Christ, by whatever name they are called, should be united in their warfare against sin and all things that are anti-Christian, whether these are American, European, African or Asiatic.

European Protestant Christians have, in the past, lived their own lives and have done their own work without much reference to America. Now, however, when the war has left Europe bleeding and impoverished, it is time for America to show Christian sympathy and to help in reconstruction. This is more and more being recognized and various .American denominational organizations are giving financial and other help to European Churches in their reconstruction work and in the support of their missionary activities. The French and Belgian Churches need help, as do the Waldensians of Italy and the Protestants of Czecho-Slovakia, Poland and other countries. The foreign missionary work of the European societies has greatly suffered because of the war and Switzerland, Germany and France have carried it on only by great sacrifices.

Following the investigation of the Federal Council "Commission on the Relations with Religious Bodies in Europe," an agreement was made with the Swiss Federation of Churches to set up a Federation of European Protestant Churches through which relief work could be carried on. To do this efficiently will call for about six thousand dollars for the coming year, and a recent conference decided that American Protestantism ought to give practical evidence of its greater desire for closer cooperation among European Protestantism by contributing two-thirds of the budget for the coming year.

The Federation is planning to secure 'accurate information concerning the condition of the Protestant Churches of Europe, es- pecially in central and southeastern Europe-the effects of the war upon regular church life-church attendance, church membership, church revenues for all purposes, pastoral support, church buildings, orphanages, homes for aged, hospitals, schools, colleges, theological seminaries, home and foreign missions ¥ In some countries the relation between Church and State has been so changed that it is necessary to establish a new basis of church membership and a new system of support for all forms of church work, and this at a time of great upheaval in political, commercial and social life.

"The Church, thrown upon its own resources," says Bishop .Tames Cannon, Jr., "may be stimulated to develop a system of self-support free from state dictation or control, and be far stronger than before, because it will be the recognized activity of the loyal followers of Christ. But the period of transition is critical, and the wisest, most devoted leadership may fail in the face of the tremendous obstacles which confront all constructive efforts in Europe today. It may be true that the conditions today are the natural results of the evil courses of yesterday. The important question today is, How can American Protestantism help European Protestantism to stand upon its feet and to fulfil its mission ~"

Though America may refuse to enter the League of Nations, American Churches cannot afford to hold aloof from biking their full responsibility in the family of God. The call to the American Churches to evangelize Asia and Africa is no more urgent today than is the call to go to the help of our fellow Christians in Europe in this hour, not only of their extremity, but also of their opportunity.

THE PRESENT CRISIS IN AFRICA ..Ll. AFRICA is a continent of tremendous distances and many di- verse peoples. There are, however, certain problems that relate to the whole, such as the progress of Islam, the relation to European governments, commercial development, education and Christian evangelism.

Equatorial and West Africa are now passing through a serious crisis-social, political, economic and religious-according to M. Elie Allegret, director of the Paris Evangelical Missionary Society, in the International Review of Missions for April. Everything is in a state of ferment in this continent which was formerly a sleeping giant. Contacts with European civilization have not only brought a critical spirit, new ideas, new methods and new highways of life and thought, but have introduced alcohol, firearms, epidemics and new vices, Material progress has deceived many superficial observers. The war, to thousands of Africans, lessened respect to Europe and for'the white men who fight each other and for the

EDITORIAL COMMENT

white women who minister to men's vices. The Pan-African move- ment, introduced by Negroes from America, and the Bolshevist tracts scattered along the coast have given the Africans new conceptions of their own importance and have made them less willing to follow the white man's lead.

"From the social point of view," says M. Allegret, "everything in Africa is disintegrated, the old framework of the family and of the tribe hardly exists any longer; all the old organization has crumbled. The native family life is weakened. In its enfeebled state, the ancestor, its head, is bereft of authority, and in the future, native political authority will destroy that of the family. The emancipated natives constitute themselves into unorganized groups which are not coordinated nor sustained by any tradition of race, nor by recognized custom, nor by any discipline, and to which only the force of our occupation can lend an appearance of .order."

The moral crisis is seen in the new spirit of acquisitiveness in the Africans, and in the new vices acquired. A smattering of knowledge, without the stability of Christian character, has put new weapons into their hands, as though a man were given charge of a locomotive without knowledge of how to control it. The African has ability and great possibilities if he is trained not only in mind and body as to his relation to the material things but in reason and conscience as to his relation to God and his fellowmen.

The root of the matter is the religious crisis, according to M. Allegret. When the Africans are set free from their old religious moorings, they must drift on the rocks unless they are given a right goal, a new chart and new power. In many places there are unsuccessful attempts to return to ancient paganism with its secret societies, fetishes and heathen rites. Islam has taken advantage of the unrest to give the people a substitute for the true religion in thought and life. But Islam fails to produce real progress, industry, improvement in the status of woman or the proper development of children. Islam is a menace in Africa that can only be dispelled by the work of evangelical missions.

There are obstacles to mission work both in the failures of the Church at home and in the attitude of those on the field. The Church is attempting to conduct the greatest possible campaign with inadequate forces and equipment, with too little of sacrifice. Enemies on the field have also misled the Africans. Some are crying out, "Mrica must be developed by Africans-do not listen to the whites." These leaders wish to establish Mrican laws and customs, including an Mrican Church, even if it is full of superstitions, polygamy, witchcraft and other evils.

"What is needed to liberate and elevate Africans," says M. Allegret, "is regenerated men, the bearers of a new life….. The

hour has struck when it is imperative that at all costs the Gospel of Christ should be given to Africa." All well wishers for the blacks are increasingly·recognizing this need and even merchants and European officials. The report of the Belgian Colonial Congress says: "Hand in hand with the raising of the material and intellectual standards of the Negro must go a corresponding raising of the standard of morals, otherwise we nm the risk of crude, unregulated work which will not stand the test of time. This is not the least laborious nor the least delicate part of our task, for it is a question of raising the soul of the Negro from the depths where it has been iu captivity for centuries and of leading it to the heights to breathe a life-giving air. To speak more plainly, it is a question of inculcating in him a new code of morals….. Moral improvement ought therefore to be one of the main concerns of those who educate the black races….. The Christian religion is the religion which must serve as the basis of the black man's moral education….. Our conclusions should be clearly stated. They are these: provided liberty is guaranteed everybody, official instruction should be Christian in character. "

There are, fortunately, signs of religious awakening in various parts of Africa and these need guidance. From the Gold Coast, the Cameroons, Angola, the Congo, Nyasaland and elsewhere come reports of earnest seeking after the 'Way of God. "Prophets" appear and sometimes lead the people to destroy their fetishes and discard their pagan customs but cannot lead them into the full light of the Gospel. In the Gold Coast, a "prophet" called Harris gathered a following of over 100,000 persons and similar movements have been reported from the Congo. The danger is that a religion will be developed without high moral standards of life, mental education without spiritual insight, and religious. fervor without self-control.

The evangelical forces in Africa should be strengthened. They should perfect their methods and work together more harmoniously. Missionary conferences have already produced some good results. Further agreement and cooperation is needed with emphasis on the essential matters of faith in Christ and loyalty to His teachings and room for differences of viewpoint as to non-essential details of belief and methods.

Africa is calling for the best that America and Europe can give -not what they have discovered or manufactured but that which has been revealed to them from above, the full and free Gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God, given in love and in the power of the Spirit of God.

EDITORIAL OOMMENT

THE Y. M. O. A. AND THE OHUROHES SOME reports of the Oonvention of the International Young Men's Ohristian Association held in Atlantic Oity (November 14th to 19th) have implied that the Association adopted resolutions which would practically sever its connection with evangelical Ohurches. This is a wrong interpretation of the action taken in relation to membership in the Association and eligibility to boards of directors. What was done was to pass a resolution permitting any Association to admit to its Board of Managers men (not to exceed in number ten per cent.) who are members of the Association but not of the Churches eligible to membership in the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America. These men must accept the so-called "Paris Basis" (1855) signifying their sympathy with the purpose of the Association "to unite those young men who, regarding Jesus Christ as their God and Saviour, according to the Holy Scriptures, desire to be His disciples in their doctrine and in their life, and to associate their efforts for the extension of His kingdom amongst young men," This is adopted as an alternative to the so-called "Portland Basis" (1869) which requires that all members of boards of directors shall be members of evangelical Churches.

There is no evident lack of loyalty to Christ or to His Church in the resolution adopted at Atlantic City. All the members of that convention are members of evangelical Churches and most of them are active workers in those Churches. There may be very little change in the standard requirements for membership in Associations and on Boards. The Portland Basis may still be followed by those who prefer it, but the Paris Basis is offered as an alternative.

Whereas the movement for a broader membership basis has generally been supposed to look toward the admission of some who do not accept the deity of Christ, the real purpose is to make it possible for some Associations (notably Railroad Y. M. C. A.s) to admit Roman Catholics and possibly Christian Scientists, Universalists and others hitherto not included. The practical effect of this resolution will be to place in the hands of local Associations, rather than in those of evangelical Churches, the interpretation and application of the rule for membership. There is great need to safeguard the Association from the inclination to give a voice in its management to men who, although of high character, good standing in the community and financial supporters of the Association, nevertheless are not wholly loyal to the claims and teachings of Jesus Christ as recorded in the New Testament.

The Young Men's Ohristian Association at Atlantic City also followed a similar action taken by the Young Women three years ago when they decided to admit to voting membership in their College Associations those who are not members of evangelical Ohurches. It was stated that this action was demanded by College Associations

which hold that it will enable them to do a larger work among students. The stipulations of the College Association program are thus stated: "To lead students to faith in God through Jesus Christ.

"To lead them into membership and service in the Christian Church.

"To promote their growth in Christian faith, especially through the study of the Bible and prayer.

"To influence them to join in united effort with all Christians to make the will of Christ effective in human society and extend the kingdom of God throughout the world."

The commission declared that this change of basis had been most strongly urged by those student Associations which are most successful in developing ~evout and powerful spiritual character. It was not, they affirmed solemnly, a step toward laxity but a step toward reality.

Another action taken at Atlantic City followed the report of the Commission on Approach to the Churches presented by Dr. William Horace Day, of Bridgeport, Connecticut. This report made clear the basic principles of cooperation between the Association and the Churches-first the supremacy of Christ, and second, the primacy of the Church. At the same time, while advocating close relationship with the Church, it declared in favor of the entire independence of the Association from any ecclesiastical control. The duty of the Churches is to sustain and give counsel in the work and the duty of the Association is to endeavor to lead men and boys to become true disciples of Christ and useful members of His Church. The International Committee was authorized to invite each denomination to appoint a member of a general counseling committee and to designate a standing committee on the Y. M. C. A. to confer with representatives of the International Committee on matters of mutual concern.

The Convention, which represented a membership of about 1,000,000 men and boys in the United States, also voted for an enlarged program of religious work with more spiritual emphasis and evangelistic ideals. It adopted resolutions for more extended work in behalf of colored men and boys, for continued service in wartorn areas in Europe, for the enforcement of prohibition laws, in favor of governmental help for the persecuted Christian minorities in the Near East, and for more adequate steps to promote industrial justice and international peace.

FENG (center) AND FIFTEEN CHRISTIAN OFFICERS IN HIS

These first of!icers to be baptized were admitted to the Presbyterian Churtm.. Ch a ngteh, Hunan, Nov., 1918. Another ftfteen were admitted in Dec., 1918.

Feng Yu-shiang, A Christian General BY BELLE M. BRAIN, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK Author of" Holding the Ropes, " "The Transformation of Hawaii," Etc.

G ENERAL F;ENG is a remarkable man. Four years ago he was almost unknown, even in China. Now, after being gov- ernor of two great provinces, first Shensi and then Honan, he is Inspecting General of the Chinese Army with 30,000 men under him and many think that he will be the next president of China.

He is described as a man of impressive appearance, over six feet tall, powerful in build and every inch a soldier. "His face is grave and dignified," says Dr. Sherwood Eddy, "but full of charm especially when it lights up with strong emotion or kindles with his keen sense of humor. He seems to unite the stern discipline of Oliver Oromwell with the mystical devotion of Ohinese Gordon and the Christian character and quiet dignity of Stonewall Jackson."

Feng Yu-shiang was born in 1880 in a little village in the province of Anhwei, eastern China. 1'he family was poor and the boy grew up in ignorance. About the year 1897 he enlisted in the army and while .a raw recruit in Paotingfu first came in contact with Christianity. But he hated it, for he heard stories about missionaries digging out the eyes of children in their hospitals to concoct a mysterious liquid for sending telegrams, and he believed them.

Whenever he could he made trouble for the missionaries. Once when he overheard a missionary preaching from the text, "If any man take away thy coat, let him have thy cloak also," he started off with his table to see if the preacher meant what he said. During an 343

epidemic of cholera when the soldiers were sent through the city shooting into the air to frighten away the cholera demons he fired his shots at the sign-board of the American Presbyterian'Mission.

But in July, 1900, Feng saw Ohristianity in a new light. The Boxers were doing their deadly work in Paotingfu and had gone to the mission of the American Board'(Oongregational) bent on mur- dering the missionaries and the Ohinese Christians who had taken refuge with them. They were hacking at the massive wooden gate when suddenly it swung open and Mary Morrill, oile of the mission- arie's, came out alone. The mob was awe-struck and listened in. silence while she told them that the mission- aries were their friends and reminded them of what they had done for their people.

But the mob insisted that GENERAL FENG AND TWO OF HIS they were enemies and they OFFICERS must kill them.

"Then," she said calmly, "let me die for the others. Here am I; slay me but spare my friends."

Something like a wave of pity swept over the mob and one by one they shuffled off. Later, however, they returned and took Mary Morrill to a temple where she was kept over night and was then taken out and beheaded.

In the providence of God, young Feng was a witness of it all.

The soldiers were ordered to follow the Boxers around and make a show of protecting the foreigners but not to interfere. As he stood opposite the gate of the mission and saw Mary Morrill come out and offer to die' for her friends, a deep impression was made on the young soldier and a seed was planted in his heart that, after many years, came to full fruition.

Later when his regiment was in Peking, Feng suffered from a bad ulcer and went to two different Chinese doctors. Each wanted $60 to treat him so he went to a missionary doctor who made no charge, but said, "I want you to remember that God in heaven loves you and sent me to cure you. " Some time after this, when Feng was in Manchuria, he went to another missionary doctor to be inoculated for the plague. Again there was no charge, and the doctor said much the same thing to him as the doctor in Peking. These two experiences opened Feng's heart still wider to the Gospel.

In 1912 the real turning point came in his life. John R. Mott and Sherwood Eddy came to Peking for an evangelistic campaign

FENG YU-SillANG, A CHRISTIAN GENERAL

and Feng went to the meetings. Through an address by DoctOl Mott he found Christ and after attending a Bible class taught by Pastor Liu of the Wesleyan Mission, he was baptized and joined a Methodist Ohurch. He was now a Major with 500 men under him and at once began trying to win them to Christ.

While in the Bible class, preparing for baptism, he passed through a time of testing. His older brother "turned bad," and putting away his wife married an- other woman. This angered Feng and he vowed vengeance, where- upon his brother sent him a defiant letter challenging him to fight.

But that day the lesson in the Bible class was on the text, ' ,Vengeance is mine, I will repay, saith the Lord." This led Feng to the de- termination to try to win his brother and instead of fighting he sent a present of money with the promise of more if it was needed.

This touched his brother so deeply that he put away the evil woman and took back his lawful wife.

Before his conversion Feng had a bad temper and he frequently struck his men on the parade ground. His wife, Feng Tai Tai, also had to submit to ill treatment.

Courtesy of The Literary Diyeat Now, however, Feng's bad temper A RECENT PORTRAIT OF GENERAL FENG is gone. He is a strict disciplina- rjan but his men adore him and his (The GeneraL Gm"don of China) wife testifies that since his conversion he has never spoken an unkind word to her.

In 1918, when the clash came between North and South China, Feng won his first fame. He had been promoted to be a Brigadier- General and had a command in the province of Sze-chwan. In a conflict with the Southern army he had run short of ammunition and was forced to retreat. But he soon returned with fresh supplies, renewed the attack, smashed the only bridge over the river and forced the Southerners to surrender. Then he disarmed the enemy forces, and disbanded them, giving to each officer $10 and to each private $5 to enable them to return home without looting. This amazing method of dealing with a defeated foe was reported far and wide and was a great advertisement for Ohristianity.

In June, 1918, the city of Ohangteh, Hunan, fell into the hands of the Southern army and Feng was sent to retake it. He first suc- z

ceeded in occupying strategic positions and then sent word to the Southern commander by two missionaries: "I have orders to take this city and I will take it. You just leave and go south to avoid loss of life." The hint was taken and F'eng entered the city in triumph, winning the victory without bloodshed.

The city was in a sad plight. It had been occupied by several different armies in turn and had been at the mercy of cruel and licentious troops that had roamed about the streets with fixed bayonets, looting the shops and abusing the people. Shops and factories had been closed for months and there was a general air of destitution and despair. But Feng soon changed all this. He ordered the shops and factories to be reopened at once and in an incredibly short time the city took on an air of peace and prosperity that was in sharp contrast with its former condition. When the people found the soldiers coming to their shops as paying customers and treating them civilly, they could scarcely believe it.

Here at Ohangteh General Feng worked out the famous Puritan program that has made his anny a regenerating force wherever it has been stationed. Here too he prepared his famous little manual, "The Spirit of the Soldier," which all of his men are required to memorize. It contains the rudiments of military training and quite a little Ohristian teaching as well as many illustrations drawn from the lives of such famous Ohristian military leaders as Oliver Cromwell and General Gordon.

As General Feng was stationed in Ohangteh for two years and had unrestricted authority over a large military district, he was able to work out his plans without interference. The first thing on his program was a "house-cleaning" so thorough that, as an English visitor says, "Ohangteh became a living miracle-a Ohinese city that is the cleanest in the world! " Gambling and opium dens were closed, all prostitutes were ordered to leave in three days, and theaters were transformed into preaching-places and schools. Bible texts and moral precepts were also painted in large Ohinese characters on the walls of every available place in city and camp to do their silent preaching to people of all classes.

After the city had undergone its wonderful purifying, it is said even a Ohinese woman could walk from one end of it to th.e other with perfect safety either night or day-an almost unheard of thing in any city, either Occidental or Oriental, with a camp of nearly 10,000 soldiers near by.

The General is a great enemy of dirt and in the military camp everything was kept in perfect order. The beds were spotless and guns, bayonets and buckles were kept well polished. Every man had his own mosquito net, individual drinking cup and toothbrush, besides a Bible and hymn book. Loafing on the streets, smoking, drinking, gambling and the use of profane language were strictly

FENG YU-SHIANG, A CHRISTIAN GENERAL

prohibited. -While the General's rule over his men is very strict it is so combined with love that they admire him for it and look upon him as a father. He calls them his boys.

General Feng believes in work as a great character builder and one secret of his success is that he keeps his men busy. Something is provided for almost every hour in the day. Besides the military drills there: are athletic exercises in which prizes are offered, and schools are conducted with regular courses of study. In the camp atChangteh there were factories equipped with knitting machines for knitting socks for the army; sewing machines for making uniforms i and looms for weaving cloth. The older men are taught useful trades so that they may earn an honest living when they leave GENERAL FENO'S COMMISSIONED OFFICEHS ASSEMBLED FOR BIBLE STUDY Mr. Charles G. Trumbull 01 Philadelphi a , E ditor of 1'he SUndo,y School Ti'rr1,€s J gave the Bible lesson and Rev. Jona.than Goforth, a missionary. interpreted the army and not resort to brigandage as is the custom in the case of many Chinese veterans. In everything the General sets an example to his men. Every day he gives definite time to study and works for an hour in the shops.

At the same time evangelistic work was being carried on in the camp. Religious services were held at regular times during the day and the men were encouraged to read their Bibles and to pray. The singing of Christian hymns was a great feature of the work both in camp and on the march, "Onward, Christian Soldiers," and "0 Come to My Heart, Lord Jesus," being the favorites. "To hear a company of soldiers sing 'Onward, Christian Soldiers' as they march through the streets, is inspiring at any time," wrote one of the missionaries, "but when the soldiers are Chinese and the city is in tHe interior of China, it gives one a feeling of surprise and pleasure. "

Many of his soldiers were already Christians but Feng craved

GENERAL FENG'S SOLDIERS-TWENTY THOUSAND STRONG-GATHERING TO PRAY FOR RAIN them all for Christ. So he invited the missionaries in Ohangteh and special speakers from outside to come and hold meetings and Bible classes. Among others Doctor and Mrs. Jonathan Goforth came and the Rev. Shen Wen-ch'ing of the 'Wesleyan Mission in Peking. To all he gave the same admonition: "I do not want you to speak of patriotism or morality but of salvation through the Lord Jesus Christ. "

As a result of all this seed-sowing, conversions were constantly taking place in the camp. The General himself is a fine speaker and has great power in public prayer. He is very patriotic and longs intensely for the redemption of China. Once when praying for his country he broke down and sobbed like a child and officers and men all over the room wept with him.

While at Ohangteh General Feng passed through a sad experience that greatly deepened his spiritual life. This was the tragic death of his friend, Doctor Logan, who had charge of the Presbyterian Hospital and was much loved by the Chinese. In December, 1919, the General asked him to make a call on a relative of his wife who was ill at his house. The man was mentally unbalanced and shot the doctor while being examined. He died in a few hours and the General was heart-broken.

A few days later when he called on Mrs. Logan to express his sympathy, she noticed that his long, black, silky mustache was gone. When she asked him about it he said that the doctor's death had been a great shock to him and he could not shake off the feeling that

it had happened because he himself was not right with God. So after laying bare his heart before God he had rededicated himself to His service and in token of this had shaved off his mustache.

In the summer of 1920 all Northem troops were forced to leave Hunan and Feng withdrew from Changteh. One of his last acts was the public burning of 106,167 ounces of opium (worth $10 an ounce at Hankow) which his men had captured during their twoyears' stay. The people were sorry to see the army go and in appreciation of their services the city officials gave each of the 10,000 men a medal.

The withdrawal from Hunan was accomplished without the loss of a life or a pound of baggage. This seemed a miracle for the army A BAPTISMAL SERVICE FOR OVER 950 CHINESE SOLDIERS AIt Sinyangchow, Honan, in May 1921, the Y. M. C. A. llut was filled three times over, the men going forward for baptism in groups of about twenty. Rev. Jonathan Goforth officiated was hemmed in on three sides by hostile forces. The men attributed it to prayer and said: "Are we not the soldiers of the living God' Did He not keep the enemy from attacking us 'I"

After several months in camp near Hankow, General Feng was ordered to Sinyangchow, an army center in southern Honan. Here he put on the same program of reform as at Changteh. At first there was some opposition when the 300 prostitutes of the city were ordered to leave. The city officials begged him to let half of them stay, but his answer was, "Not even one!"

Sinyangchow was notorious, even among Chinese cities, for its bad streets and roads, but Feng put his men at work on them and soon they were among the best in the province. He also drained the filthy ponds around the city and for these and other public services, Sinyangchow was decorated during the Chinese New Year's holidays,

in his honor. Almost every house displayed a scroll praising the Ohristian General and his army.

The stay at Sinyangchow was a time of great blessing. A Y. M. C. A. hut, called the Logan Memorial in honor of the dead doctor, was erected for the use of the soldiers and Pastor Shen who had been with the army both in Ohangteh and Hankow, came from Peking to hold a series of meetings. On the last day of his stay he baptized 600 men, all of whom had been prepared by long courses of Bible study.

Early in May, 1921, Doctor Goforth arrived for a stay of fifteen days. Six meetings were held every day beginning at 7 a. m. and the interest was very great. On the last day, Sunday, May 22d, a series of baptismal and communion services was held in Logan Hut at which 960 men were baptized and 4,606 sat down at the Lord's Table. The meetings began at sunrise and ended at sunset, and as the hut only seated about 400, the men attended in relays. As group after group marched through the city streets and out half a mile to the hut, at intervals during the day, in smart military style yet with very deep reverence, the city folk looked on and marveled.

"It was perhaps the greatest 'Day of the Lord' Ohina has ever seen," say Doctor Goforth, "but there are greater days ahead if the Lord tarry. It looks as though the whole army would turn into a preaching band. The General himself, four of his Oolonels and one Major say they are pressed by the Spirit to give up the army and go to preaching. IJ Shortly after this General ]'eng was ordered to Shensi where General Yen had been appointed Governor in place of Governor Oh'en who had disobeyed orders from Peking. Oh'en was making a stubborn resistance, but on July 7, 1921, after several hot battles near Sianfu, General Yen entered the city followed by General Feng and his men wearing the medals that had been given them in Ohangteh. There was no looting such as is customary when a victorious army enters a city, but in the evening the soldiers were heard singing hymns in their camp.

Most of those wounded in the battles were brought into Sianfu. Feng sent word to Doctor Broomhall of the Ohina Inland Mission that he would be glad if his men could be cared for in the mission hospital until his own base hospital was ready. Soon the wards were filled with Ohristian men who sang hymns and took a keen interest in the services. Presently the General himself came to see them. As he entered the wards they struggled to salute but he forbade it and went from bed to bed patting them affectionately and showing great concern over their suffering.

The missionaries in Sianfu gave General Feng an enthusiastic welcome. On the first Sunday there was a parade service at which one of the missionaries preached, five colonels prayed and the sing-

FENG YU-SHIANG, A CHRISTIAN GENEHAL

By courtesy of A H i-he World GENERAL FENG BURNING 106,067 OUNCES OF OPIUM CAPTURED AT CHANGT'EH ing was wonderful. "It was enough to make the old missionaries weep tears of joy," says one of them. "Twenty years ago there was hardly a Christian in the city and now there are thousands praising God."

Later in the week there was a reception given by the four missions of the city in a large church near the "Vest Gate. "General Feng came in, magnificent and calm, head and shoulders above his people," wrote Mrs. Broomhall. "He was followed by-oh, dear people, can you believe it ?-his staff, five military men in full uniform with sweet Christian faces and Bibles undeT theiT aTms!"

Then came a tragedy. After seven weeks in office, Governor Yen found his task too heavy for him and committed suicide by taking an overdose of opium. This made Feng acting tuchun or military governor of the province and the missionaries began praying that he might be continued in the office. In September, 1921, a telegram finally came from Peking announcing his appointment and General Feng became Governor Feng-the. first Christian governor of China.

It was a great honor and there was general rejoicing among Christians all over China. But it was a hard place to fill, for conditions were bad in Shensi. But Feng took up his task as from God and was soon carrying out his program of reform in a way that amazed both Chinese and foreigners. One of his first official acts was the clearing out of a whole street of officially recognized brothels that were a fruitful source of revenue to the police. It was a daring thing to do, but Feng knows no fear when there is a wrong to be righted.

In the spring of 1922 an emergency call took Feng away from Shensi. Governor Chang Tso-lin of Manchuria, an ex-bandit sus-

pected of being in league with Japan, came down to Peking and the government was in danger. General Wu Pei-fu, an ardent patriot, challenged him to fight and ordered General Feng to come in hot haste to his aid. This involved a forced march of 200 miles, mostly on foot, but Feng arrived in record time. There was a hard-fought battle near Peking and Wu was losing; but Feng made a flank attack that saved the day. This brought him into great prominence: General Wu gave him unstinted praise and so did the press dispatches. The New York Times and other papers hailed the" Christian General" as a victor and The Literary Digest told the story and printed his picture.

But Feng gave the glory to God. Before the battle the officers held a prayer-meeting and one of them prayed that if it were possible they might be saved from fighting and killing their fellows; but if not, that they might do it without hate in their hearts. '1'hey went into the battle singing "Onward, Christian Soldiers," and God gave them the victory.

The scene next shifts to Honan where the corrupt governor, Chao Ti, while professing friendship for Feng and Wu, made a treacherous attack upon a detachment of Feng's forces who were guarding the railway junction at Chengchow. They were outnumbered ten to one but the result was a victory that drove the traitor into exile. It seemed a miracle and again Feng and his men thanked God. But the victory had been won at great cost. Many of Feng's beloved boys had laid down their lives for Ohina and many more had been wounded.

General Feng was now made governor of Honan and ruler of its 35,000,000 people-one-third as many as in the United States. Conditions were (and are still) very bad in the province. It is overrun with bandits and life and property are not safe. The task was heavy, but as in Shensi, Feng took it as from God and soon his regular program of evangelism and social reform was in progress. On June 9, 1922, there was general rejoicing all over Christendom when the press despatches announced that he had issued an edict prohibiting foot-binding throughout the province.

Kaifeng, the capital, was thoroughly cleaned up. Within a few days after he came into power, soldiers were busy plastering and whitewashing the massive walls of the great gateway and painting them over with Bible texts and moral maxims from Confucius. Soon the whole city was adorned with mottoes and pictures in color setting forth the evils of gambling, drinking, opium smoking and other bad habits. Whichever way one looked crowds might be seen studying them and taking in their teachings.

In China the governors of provinces rank next to the emperor or president, and live in almost regal style. But Governor Feng lives very simply. He always wears the same cheap cotton cloth as his

FENG YU-SHIANG, A CHRlS'nAN GENERAL

men and, save for the band on his cap, the ribbons on his breast and his outstanding personality, there is little to distinguish him from them. In Honan the former governor had used up all the taxes and money was scarce. So Governor Feng instituted a campaign against luxuries, setting the example himself. He keeps a motor car to use for visiting officials, but rarely uses it himself. He goes on foot or rides a bicycle.

The story is told that when the .city officials called on him in their lovely silks and satins he apologized to them and said that his place was not fit for such grand clothing and that the seats were so dirty he could not ask them to sit down! The seats were clean, of course, but the visitors took the hint and next time came in cotton clothing.

Another story says that one day when he was caught mopping a fioor, his staff re- monstrated. They said such work was beneath the dignity of a man who was both a general and a governor and quoted Confucius to prove it.

"But what does Christ say 7" he asked. "Find me a text in the New Testament Courtesy or th o M i 8sionary Tidings on the subject." They went off but were soon back with GENER AL FENG'S ARMY AT P RAYE R the text, "Whosoever will be great among you, let him be your min- ister; and whosoever will be chief among you, let him be your servant. " This settled it and they had to acknowledge that their leader was right.

General Feng makes constant use of prayer. That spring there had been a long dry spell and the crops were in danger. So he set apart three days for fasting and prayer. All the missions in the city were asked to pray for rain in their own churches on Sunday and Monday, June 25 and 26, 1922, and a great mass meeting for prayer was held on the parade ground on Tuesday, June 27, beginning at six in the morning. About 10,000 soldiers were present besides a large company of missionaries and Chinese Christians from the city.

It was a wonderful meeting. One of the officers led it and the

Governor himself made the closing prayer. In a clear, strong voice that could be heard by all, he prayed that if God were withholding His mercy because of sin, He would let the punishment fall on him and not on the poor ignorant people. The tears were streaming down his cheeks at the close and many said they had never heard such a prayer. In exactty two hours there u'as a refreshing shower and two days later more rain fell.

Conditions were so bad in Honan that Feng felt the need of a larger army and in July, 1922, issued a call for recruits.. With his famous division as a nucleus, he now formed a well-disciplined army of 20,000 men which commands the respect of military men and is the cleanest and most Christian in the world. There is no drinking, no smoking, no profanity, no idling and most of the officers and a majority of the men are active Christians. New recruits are always invited to a Bible class and are taught to sing hymns. No pressure is brought to bear to make them become Christians but some Qf them were heard to say that they might as well be Christians for they ha~ to act like Christians any way!

After being governor of Honan for about six months, General Feng was made. Inspector General of the Chinese Army and was ordered to proceed to Peking. The great mass of the people petitioned to have him remain as their governor, but this was refused and by the middle of November, 1922, Feng and his army were gone.

"No evangelists ever went to their tasks with more uplifted souls than these men left for Peking to witness for Christ," says Doctor E. Stanley Jones who was in Kaifeng with Doctor Sherwood Eddy holding meetings shortly before they left.

Some of General Feng's friends fear that he and his army have been sent to Peking to starve them out. They had not been paid for months and in Peking would have no provincial resources to draw on. It is said that he is allowed $50,000 a month for expenses, but this would not be sufficient for the 30,000 men under him now. The General himself wonders if they are going to take his army from him. If such a calamity should happen it might release hundreds of spirit-filled men to preach the Gospel in China, and perhaps prove a blessing in disguise.

The next chapter in this wonderful story will be awaited with interest. What it will be is known only to God. In the meantime there should be much prayer for this Christian General and his Christian army in China.

"Siam, the Last Stand of Buddhism~'

BY REV. JOHN NELSON MILLS, D.D.

I Nane of his sermons to the Wild Tigers, delivered in 19.14, his Majesty, Somdetch Phra Paramendr Maha Vajiravudh, de- clared that Siam is the last stand of Buddhism. . In Japan the popular form of Buddhism has practically become Unitarianism. In India and Oeylon Buddhism is more or less mixed with Hinduism and Mohammedanism. But in Siam it has full sway, and possesses an almost universal hold upon the people.

The present-day Buddhism of Siam may not be in its original form. Buddha taught that there is no God, and hence no place for prayer; but the Buddhists of Siam pray.

Buddha taught that there is no personal future life, hence no need for works of merit to obtain a better place in a future state. But the Siamese devote much time and spend large sums of money "making merit." They build temples, they refurbish old temples, they support priests, they give alms to the poor, they even make presents to missionaries in order that they may lay up treasures in heaven or its equivalent.

Buddha denied that there are such things as evil spirits, but practically every Buddhist in Siam is an animist. The Laos of North Siam are more animists than they are Buddhists. Nearly every house in North Siam has its spirit box, to receive offerings of food and where incense sticks are burned. Even many Buddhist temples have them. This belief in evil spirits gives an opportunity to the missionary to deliver his message that would not otherwise be possible. He can tell these spirit worshipers that Jesus Ohrist came into the world expressly to cast out evil spirits and to deliver -His people from fear. That the Gospel has spread so rapidly among the Laos is doubtless due, to some extent at least, to this fact.

But notwithstanding this all-prevailing influence of Buddhism in Siam, the King has felt called upon to sound the alarm and to announce publicly that if Buddhism disappears from Siam its last stronghold has been taken. There are 180,000 Buddhist priests in Siam, or one to every forty-three of the population, one to every twenty of the male adults. (We have only one Ohristian missionary for every 100,000 of the population.) Bangkok alone has 390 Buddhist temples; Petchaburi, not a large city, has ninety-nine. Priests teach that the Siamese sovereigns are lineal descendants of Buddha and one of the titles of the King is "Lord Buddha." They teach that the people themselves have sprung from the early disciples of Buddha. It is still expected that every young man shall serve a few months in the priesthood, and no respectable family would think of 355

giving their daughter in marriage to a young man who had not so served. The present King took his apprenticeship as a priest; and his father, who had ascended the throne at the age of ten years and was married at fifteen, renounced the throne and divorced his wife that he might be a priest for twenty-three days. Now, in entering the priesthood one automatically divorces his wife and gives up all worldly possessions as well as social and official position. It was necessary, therefore, for King Chulalangkorn, when he demitted the priesthood, to be crowned the second time, and to be remarried.

The King evidently knows more about the state of religion in Siam than the casual observer. In these sermons to the "Wild Tigers" he calls attention to the large number of lazy priests, claiming that they have entered the priesthood in order to get an easy living, since the only work required of them is to go from house to house and have their rice bowls filled by a people anxious to "make merit." The King even charges, what no traveler or foreigner would dare do, that there are thieves in the pnesthood who have adopted this cloak in order to make their thievery easier.

Young men are not now regarding it as absolutely necessary or even important to give several months' service to the priesthood. And while there is at present great activity abont the temples, new gold going on the pagodas, fresh lacquer on the altars and new Buddhas along the temple walls, there seems to be a feeling among the more intelligent that this is only a last effort to make a dying thing appear alive.

But by his remarkable efforts to strengthen the people in their inherited faith the King has made more difficult the work of the missionaries. His father frankly advised his subjects to investigate Christianity, and to adopt it if they found it better than Buddhism. The present king, on the other hand, tells them that to become a Christian is to be disloyal to the country, and that Buddhism is and must continue to be the national religion of Siam. The missionaries observe that it is becoming more difficult for a Christian to obtain political preferment. The King is an intelligent man, with eleven years of foreign residence behind him, several of them spent at Oxford University, England. ,Vhile there he won a prize for an essay on Christianity. We can scarcely believe that the King is sincere, however, when he says that, because he has investigated Christianity, knows it better than many Christians, he is convinced that Buddhism is better, at least for the people of Siam. He has decreed the substitution of the Buddhist era for the Gregorian, adopted by his father in 1889, so that the present year in Siam is officially 2464 B. E. (Buddhist Era), the year beginning the first of April. The Ministry of Public Instruction directs that the pupils of all schools be taught the precepts of the Buddhist faith. In the police stations, army barracks, asylums, etc., Buddhist chants and

"SIAM, THE LAST STAND OF BUDDHISM"

prayers are said regularly. Images of the Buddha appear even on the brackets of the University Medical School. According to Dr. Robert E. Speer: "The Japanese Government has made it very easy for Christians in the schools of Japan and Korea in comparison with the situation of the Siamese Christians." Even in Turkey and Persia it has been possible for Christians to hold office. And religious tests have been abandoned by all progressive states.

The King's attitude towards religion is doubtless dictated by policy. He came to the throne in the midst of a revolution. Many things have transpired since to weaken his hold upon the people. The encroachments of foreign nations make it uncertain how long there will be an independent Siam. The country is now filling up with foreigners, so that North Siam is really more Malay, Burmese and Cambodian than it is Siamese. Bangkok, the capital city, with its quarter million Chinese and many thousand Indians, Malays, Hindus and Mohammedans, also presents a serious national problem. There is nothing upon which the Siamese people are more united than religion, and the King, sharing doubtless the opinion expressed in his inaugural by Governor General Wood of the Philippines, that no nation or state can advance or remain secure without a foundation of religious faith, has been led to take the position he has, probably for this reason.

Like his father, the present King has given generously to the support of mission hospitals, having contributed several thousand ticals to the Presbyterian leper asylum at Chiengmai, the first and only institution of the kind in Siam, 3,000 ticals each to the hospitals at Petchaburi and Tap Teang, etc., and, like his father, has adopted Christian institutions as rapidly as place could be made for them.

Through his Minister of Foreign Affairs he acknowledges that it was missionaries who first brought civilization to his country. It is evident how great and valuable are the benefits which missionaries have conferred upon Siam. It was Dr. Davenport, a missionary, who, in 1836, gave to Siam it first printing press, and produced the first Siamese type. It was Dr. Van Dyke, another missionary, who first organized public education. The first dictionary of the Siamese language was the work of a missionary. It gave the definitions in English, French and Latin as well as in Siamese. When King Chulalangkorn wanted to establish a government educational system in Bangkok in 1878, he called Dr. McFarland from Petchaburi to thus lay the foundation of King's College. For several years Rev. E. P. Dunlap, D.D., beloved and honored by Siamese from the royal family down, was Superintendent of Education in the Province of Trang. The first school for girls was that established by Mrs. House, now and for many years under the efficient leadership of Miss Cole. Many princesses of the royal family have been and are being educated here. Dr. Hayes opened the first hospital for the

insane, and Dr. McGilvary first brought quinine to the country. It was necessary for him to ~ire the natives to take it, but today it is sold in the market places, being called "white medicine." The first dispensaries were those of the missionaries; and when Dr. Bradley, in 1840, prevailed upon the Siamese to be vaccinated, he virtually put an end to the scourge of smallpox. Dr. McKean's leper asylum at Chiengmai has so demonstrated its usefulness that the government is planning to duplicate it in the south. Dr. McKean prophesies that leprosy will be entirely eradicated from Siam during this century. When it was desired to add a medical department to the National University, the services of Dr. George B. McFarland, the distinguished son of a missionary, were requisitioned to carry out the plan. Missionaries secured the abolition of slavery and gambling, and a missionary, the Rev. Dr. Matoon, was the first United States Consul. We might go on enumerating the great and lasting benefits con- ferred upon Siam by the Christian religion through its missionaries. While w~ acknowledge also the benefits given to Siam by Buddhism -the bringing of education and religion, the arts and some of the sciences to a people who were savages-it is clear that only faith in a living, personal God, as manifested to the world in Jesus Christ, can bring to this beautiful land the power and regenerating influence which the King and all observers acknowledge that it needs today.

GOOD MOTTOES FOR MISSIONARY MEETINGS "Unless Jesus Christ is Lord of all, He is not Lord at all." "The church that forgets itself in its passion for others will in that forgetfulness find itself." "This is a lost world to be saved, and not simply an ignorant world to be educated." "That life is most worth living whose work is most worth while." "If we have not enough vital religion to share it with all the world, it is doomed at home." "The best remedy for a sick church is to put it on a missionary diet. " "Love never asks how much must I do, but how much can I do Y" "You might as well try to cure small-pox by scenery as to try to save souls by improvement of environment." "Let us fail in trying to do something rather than sit still and fail by doing nothing." "God will not look you over for medals, degrees and diplomas, but for scars." "With God go over the sea; without Him not over the threshold."

COMMUNITY HOUSE FOR MEXICANS AT LOS ANGELES

Getting God Counteq among the Mexicans BY REV. ROBERT N. McLEAN, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA Asst. Secretary (}f Presbyterian Board of Home Missions, in charge of Spanish Work in the Southwest I T was a new Home of Neighborly Service-the very newest, and I had gone to visit it on a Sunday morning. During the past winter, thousands of Mexicans have come to Los Angeles from Texas, Arizona and New Mexico, and have settled in groups, some large, some small. In one district adjacent to Los Angeles as many' as eight hundred lots were sold to Mexicans in the space of six weeks. Almost overnight broad acres of pasture land have been covered with shacks. The streets are lanes between huts-deep dust in summer, deeper mud in winter. The houses are "jacales," built of most any material at hand, and in many of which the Standard Oil Company has given significant and evident cooperation.

My new Home of Neighborly Service was located in one of these mushroom settlements. The district was rough, and looked it. So was the house. But it was a palace compared with the rest of the houses in the neighborhood, and it was painted. In front there was a tiny porch, above which a neat black and white sign in old English proclaimed that it was a home, whose business it was to serve the community.

The little Sunday-school was already in session when I arrived. The room was small, and the children were huddled like sheep in a 359

corral. The crowded appearance was exaggerated because all were so alert and active. They had a great deal to say and they were all busy saying it. The work was new, and these children were as undisciplined as a lot of young colts sired by wild horses, and fresh caught on the plains. A bright young girl of about seventeen was leading the singing and she was having the time of her life. The hymns were in Spanish, but she talked to the children in English, and they answered her in the same tongue. The conversation went something like this: "Now we'll sing number one hundred and eighty-five." Confusion. Finally a voice piped: "What number didja say1" "One hundred eighty-five, ya nut! Don't ya know your num- bers yeU" Then they sang; and the young lady leading soon betrayed the fact that while she spoke Spanish with the grace of a Don when conversation with some of the older children demanded, she was rather helpless when it came to reading the tongue of her fathers. Later the head worker took charge, and order took the place of confusion. Then the secret was out. Because the work was new, this wild young colt, by that sheer power of personality through which certain persons ruled over their fellows before history began, was the leader of the children in the community. Rough as she was, she was the key to the situation, and was being tactfully used to unlock the door. I was invited to speak. Awed by the way in which Shakespeare and Cervantes had been juggling for position, I knew not which to favor. "Which shall it be children, English or SpanisM" I asked the children who gazed up at me through boring black eyes. "English!" came back the cry in unison. ' 'We don't know that stuff!" I was reminded of another time when I had put the same question in another way. "How many of you speak Spanish f" I asked in English, and most of them raised their hands. "How many of you speak English f " I countered in Spanish, and every hand was raised save that of a small boy on the first row. One ought to know better than to try to be facetious with young America, even if it is young America only in the making. But I fell. "Aha!" I said, "here's a boy who speaks neither English nor Spanish. Can't you talk, son1 ,That do you speak~" Like a knife-thrust came the answer: ,'I speak American!" The fact is that the public schools are changing the language of the children. Spanish among the youngsters is only for home consumption.

GETTING GOD COUNTED AMONG THE MEXICANS

So Shakespeare won that morning in the newest Home of Neigh- borly Service, and I never had a more attentive audience as I told them a story they had never heard before-the story of a little boy who helped the Master feed a multitude by the shores of a lake.

Afterward kodak pictures were taken, and they thought they were going to be in the movies. Having left the "Home," I thought that I would like another pose of a peculiarly interesting group.

Driving back, I found that all the children had gone, save one par- ticularly bright little fellow who was playing in the yard.

"Felipe," I said, "I want an- other picture. Call those b<lYs who were with you in the last one."

, ,Aw, I can't get those kids now! They've all gone to a dog fight I"

So I went too-that is, home- ward.

Such is the community, which like a dozen others has sprung up on the edges of Los Angeles.

But what is a Home of Neigh- body Service and what is its pur- pose~ The Home of Neighborly Service is an honest effort to get God counted in the Mexican popu- "THE KEY TO THE SITUATION" lation. These people fill the old houses and tenements in the doWIl- town districts, or line their" jacales" along both sides of new streets in settlements they build for themselves. They are all counted by the census takers. Social surveys are made, and church maps are pre- pared. The Chamber of Commerce can tell you its estimate of the number of Mexicans in a given place. But nearly always God is not counted. Just as it was the duty of the Church in the early days of home missions to get God counted in the census of every new town in the West, so it is her business to get a place for God in the life of everyone of these Mexican settlements. For the Mexicans whether we will or no, are pouring themselves into the stream of our national life, and these currents must be cleansed and filtered by the power of God. In most Mexican communities, God is not counted. True He is mentioned, and in certain ways He is honored, but as far as having any vital bearing upon conduct is concerned, He is non-existent.

Occasionally the machinery of worship still grinds on; but more often even the machinery has been junked. In a large and populous county of California the health office was making a survey of the Mexican 3

population through the aid of its visiting nurses. The blank was rather complete, and one question asked was the religion of the family canvassed. One report taken at random showed 146 Mexican families visited, only 64 of which claimed to be Roman Catholic. Some few were Protestant, but the great majority frankly asserted that they had no religion whatsoever.

When the house has thus been "swept and garnished," it is highly important that the Good Spirit enter, ere the evil spirit return with his nefarious company. Sometimes the feeling of antipathy toward "the church" is inherited by Protestantism; sometimes the honest conviction that all Protestants have horns and tails makes it hard to get God counted. In such communities the Home of Neighborly Service offers a point of approach. The program varies in different places, but the commonest method is through the medium of English classes. The mothers frequently furnish a key to the situation, and often they are the ones first touched by the new enterprise. Mrs. Garcia resents it when a "home visitor" comes to her little house, and makes friendly observations, however kindly, upon the subjects of home-making, care of babies or personal hygiene I But Mrs. Garcia realizes her ignorance of the English language, and is eager and anxious to learn the meaning of the strange words which she constantly hears in this strange land. With Mrs. Rodriguez and Mrs. Lopez and Mrs. Sanchez and others of her neighbors, she visits the Home of Neighborly Service for her first lesson in English; and as soon as she steps over the threshold, the neat appearance of the house has taught more about home-making 'than a "visiting worker" could teach in a thousand years.

A course in English is easily based upon the house, and the articles it contains; and in learning these words, the wife and mother is familiarizing herself with the vocabularly of the things which she sees and uses most often. The work may cover a whole year, or several years; but the teacher by taking her class from room to room, gives lessons in home-making, care of the house, care of the children, cooking, sewing, sanitation, and marketing. As the confidence of the mothers is won, the children can be invited to play in the yard while their mothers take their English lesson. Then comes the "story hour" on Sunday afternoon. This easily grows into a Sunday-school, and the Sunday-school eventually becomes a church.

As the work grows other features are added, such as night school, clinic, employment bureau, boys' and girls' clubs. In some places a Daily Vacation Bible School, with its craft work, its picnics and its Bible study fill the house and the yard with eager children; and through them a contact is made with the community. All this calls for the aid of volunteer workers; and so the Spirit of the Master is brought to these alien strangers.

But the work is not merely a work of beginnings. All of the

1923J GETTING GOD COUNTED AMONG THE MEXICANS

larger denominations have been busy at the task of getting God counted among the Mexicans for the past decade, the Presbyterian and Methodist Churches, for the past quarter century. There are at the present time, about twelve thousand Protestant Mexican church members in the Southwest, not to mention the Sunday-school scholars, nor that large mass of adherents or occasional attendants who walk the dim borderland between doubt and faith.

The Church of the Divine Saviour, in EI Paso, Texas, is a fine .illustration of one of these Spanish-speaking congregations. The bp.ilding is both adequate and churchly, and meets the Mexican halfway in his innate love of the beautiful. There are ample facilities for a departmentalized Sunday-school, together with an auditorium that will comfortably seat five hundred people. The church functions not only through its preaching and prayer services and its Sundayschool, but also through a night school, a Saturday morning school of religious education, a day nursery, a Boy Scout organization, a Girls' Reserve, and a Woman's Club. There is an employment bureau and ample opportunity for social life, especially on Friday nights. But the most significant thing in the life of the church is the Prayer League which meets every Sunday night before the evening service. These simple people ask things from God, and get them. The church was organized in 1915, and since then, not less than eight hundred people have united with it upon confession of faith. El Paso is the chief entry port, and the distributing point for Mexican labor all over the Southwest. As a consequence, there is scarcely an evangelical Mexican church of any denomination which has not felt the pulsating life of the El Paso church.

Two men recently were overheard talking in the smoking compartment of a Pullman car. The conversation of both was highly seasoned with oaths, while each unnecessarily assured the other that he was not a churchman. They agreed, however, that they must do the fair thing and admit that America owes her greatness to the Bible. Had Cortes landed at Boston instead of Vera Cruz, the Berkshire Hills today might be full of bandits; and had the Pilgrim fathers turned the prow of the Mayflower into the harbor of Vera Cruz, what we call Mexico might today be a great evangelical Christian nation.

Nearly two million Mexicans in our American commonwealth present a complex problem. Diverse will be the methods attempted in its solution; but real success will come when we can get God counted in the census of every Mexican community.

A CONGREGATION OF CONVERTS FROM MOHAMMEDANISM AT SOLO

Thousands of Converts from Islam REV. S. M. ZWEMER, D.D., LL.D., CAIRO, EGYPT T AST summer the two months that I spent in Java and Sumatra vis- L iting a score of mission stations, holding conference with mis- sionaries and planning for the production of Christian literature were full of inspiration and encouragement. The first meeting I attended was a week-day prayer-meeting at Modjowarno in East Java. In a beautiful chapel built by converts from Islam, I found an audience of nearly two hundred, all of them converted Moslems. There was no missionary present. It was an ordinary weekly prayermeeting, but I had a visible answer to the old-time objection, "it is no use trying to convert Moslems." The missions in Java are under the Dutch Church of Holland and in Sumatra are under the Rhenish Mission. The methods used are not different from those followed in other lands. Educational, evangelistic, and medical work all have their place and power. The Dutch missionaries are thorough in the preparation of their workers, in the training of their helpers, and in the preparation for baptism. The Gospel of Christ has shown its power i compromise is not considered possible with Islam. Controversy is avoided wherever possible and converts are protected by isolation or insulation from their old environment. A number of Christian villages have been established with government approval where new converts find refuge and protection. Industrial work is to the front and an asylum for lepers and other unfortunates has deeply impressed the Mohammedans. Out of a population of thirtyfive millions in Java, there are nearly thirty thousand Moslem converts. With those in Sumatra and the other Islands won from Islam, we may count over forty-five thousand. The results among the heathen tribes are tenfold and the total number of native Christians in the Dutch East Indies is close to six hundred thousand.

3640

Khama-A Christian Chief of

A Friend of Livingstone and a Great Ruler "you BY J. C. HARRIS Author of "Khama, the Great Chief"

need not have the wagons watched now. We crossed into Khama's country last night, and none of his people will steal anything." 'l'hat remark of a British officer accompanying a party of white people traveling in the heart of Africa, is a fine tribute to the Christian leadership of King Khama of the Bamangwato. Here in the heart of Africa, on the edge of the Kalahari desert, surrounded by war-like natives, by the Boer colonists, by German settlers and by English traders and developers, King Khama has wrought a state of which civilized lands might well be proud. On February 21st, King Khama died in his ninety-fourth year having lived a life unique in the annals of kingship, whether African, European, or Asiatic. It is not often that an African lives to the age of ninety-four since conditions of climate, of warfare, of living are against it. It is not often that a king in Africa-or elsewhere for that matter-lives to the age of ninety-four; unusual temptation to lives of excess are against it. King Kharna's story is unique in Africa and unique among kings.t Bechuanaland lies between the Orange River on the south and the Zambesi on the north, a narrow strip of country about 1,000 miles from north to south, and with an average breadth of 300 miles from east to west. The southern portion is called British Bechuanaland, having been proclaimed a Crown Oolony in 1885. The northern and larger portion is the Bechuanaland Protectorate, in area about 275,000 square miles, over five times the area of England and "Vales. The Bechuana people are divided into various tribes, each retaining some of the ancient totemic names and customs, ruled by hereditary chiefs, under the paternal sovereignty of Britain. The chiefs have almost despotic power so far as tribal customs and laws are concerned. Crimes and laws affecting white men are dealt with by British magistrates. By all the laws of precedent and all the principles of eugenics, Khama ought to have become a super-savage, a scheming, relentless, black butcher, in a red blanket, and, had he done so, ere this, his name would have been blotted out of history and his tribe would have passed into oblivion before the decimations of war, famine, pestilence, and the civilization of "Cape Smoke." But by some divine alchemy the entail has been broken, and a character drawn from such springs has been for fifty years as a Well of Life in the Deserts of the Great Thirst Land. From what ancestors did he draw that t Quoted from M. L. Fiske in the Ohristian Advocate. 365

strange dignity, that perplexing rectitude, which have made his name respected alike by black and white, by heathen and Christian, by trader, hunter, soldier, and missionary'

Khama stood so utterly apart from his ancestry, and had so utterly broken "his birth's invidious bar," that some have declared that he owed nothing to heredity. He came from a long line of polygamous and savage chiefs, though the records of his Royal House are mercifully hidden in kindly oblivion.

Khama was described by Sir Frederick Lugard as the greatest living African. He ruled over 35,000 subjects, and his life was one of the romances of Christian mission work.

"He worked as a boy of twelve with his father, who was a witch doctor, and then the chief met David Livingstone," Basil Mathews of the London Missionary Society writes. "This was on Livingstone's :first exploring journey in Central Africa. In his early twenties Khama became a Christian and was baptized with his wife. He infuriated his father by refusing to be a polygamist or be associated with witchcraft.

"Khama was a great prohibitionist. He fought the manufacture of kaffir beer by his tribe because he saw its demoralizing influence, and was so furious with the white settlers who, after repeated warnings, refused to stop selling spirits that he exiled them from his territory. "

Khama :first heard the Message of Christ from the unknown trader or hunter who visited his father. Later he saw Livingstone and Moffat, and heard it from them. The London Missionary Society, yielding to advice from Moffat and Mackenzie, decided to occupy Shoshong as a center for the work amongst the Makololo, the Matebele, and the Bamangwato tribes.

Mackenzie threw himself into the work of evangelizing the Bamangwato, with all his heart. For a time he had as his colleague Roger Price, a man who to this day is remembered by the natives as one who spoke their language better than any white man they ever knew.

Khama became chief of the Bamangwato, by the election of the head-men of the tribe, in September, 1872. He accepted the position with some reluctance. "I have not fought for the chieftainship, but for my life," said he.

Under any circumstances it was no light task to rule a people bred in bloodshed and superstition-"half devil, and half child"; but to break free from the only forms of restraint known to them, and to appeal to motives foreign to their thought, was as dangerous as it was difficult.

His first dilemma arose from the fact that, as chief, he was officially responsible for the due performance of certain heathen rites and ceremonies involved in all the popular traditions of the tribe,

KHAMA-A CHRISTIAN CHIEF OF AFRICA

and regarded by almost all the people as essential to their very existence. A.s chief, he now represented this cultural inheritance, and these "short-range animal emotions," as Benjamin Kidd calls them, and which, he declares, become of less and less importance as civilization advances, but which are, nevertheless, tenacious in the primitive and savage mind. A.s a private person, he had, at no little cost and peril, broken away from the herd, but to do so as chief demanded courage and conviction such as few men possess.

The people were about to com- mence to dig their gardens, mid this was always done with elabo- rate ritual, the origins of which run back into immemorial myths, and which seem to have some kind of relation to the rites of Adonis described in Fraser's "Golden Bough. " Khama called the tribe to his "letsemma," as a Christian chief, in a Christian way, and thus publicly acknowledged from the outset his adherence to the Chris- tian faith. He told his people that, while he did not prohibit heathen ceremonies, they must not be per- formed in the khotla, and, as chief, he would have nothing to do with them. KHAMA, APTER FIFTY-FIVE YEARS' RULE Then followed a CIJristian service, led by Mr. Mackenzie.

The next difficulty concerned the white traders who hall come to live in the town, or who from time to time passed through the country. From the days of his boyhood he had seen the ravages which the white man's drink caused amongst the native people, and a strong determination had grown in his mind that, if ever he became chief, he would keep this curse from his country.

On becoming chief, Khama had stated his wishes to the traders individually, and for a time there was some improvement, but he found that newcomers were bringing the drink into the country. So, on January 1, 1873, he called a meeting of all the white men, and they came, to the number of twenty-one, though several only came after repeated summons. His speech was clear, direct, and imperative. He formally announced his law about "boyalwa" (strong drink). It was henceforth illegal to sell it in the town or to bring it into the country.

Khama's prohibition of the white man's brandy, though regarded by some as arbitrary, and by others as fanatical, was so

obviously based upon sound reasons that it could be defended by all classes as a mattQr of social and economic expediency. Such conscience as existed amongst his own people supported him, and very few of his head-men opposed him, openly, at least.

When Khama donned the leopard's skin, the insignia of his chieftainship, he found himself faced by active and relentless enemies. First there was the deep undertow of paganism. Many of the old men clung to the ancient customs, and tried in every possible way to perpetuate them. The people, though many of them had forsworn the superstitions in which they had been bred, were still subconsciously dominated by them. "When the half-gods go, the gods arrive "-but the half-gods linger long. In Britain, after centuries of Christian tradition, we are still swayed by the gods of the gutter, and can it be wondered that a people steeped in centuries of fear and savagery should still tremble at the glance of the witchdoctor1 Then, on the borders of the Bamangwato country, were the Matebele, and other tribes, waiting like hungry wolves for any chance of attack. Next, the Boers were intriguing and fomenting intertribal quarrels all around, with the ultim~te intention of getting possession of the country, and unscrupulous traders were always on the watch for any opportunity of smuggling in the prohibited brandy. Moreover, famine always hovered near; drought and rinderpest were the frowning faces behind every smiling harvest.

In the face of odds like these, Khama took up "The Black Man's Burden," made sometimes all the heavier by the White :Man's greed, to build up law and order out of the ruins of anarchy.

In May, 1885, seventy British troopers rode into Shoshong, under the command of Major-General Sir Charles Warren, and the country was formally proclaimed to be a British Protectorate.

Great meetings were held in the crowded khotla, and the representative of the Great White Queen, Victoria, was handed a document which stated Khama's views, and revealed no less his character. Khama's 'statement expressed his willingness and desire that his country should be under the protection and control of Great Britain, that the English people should come and live in it, and he offered to fight alongside the British in any time of necessity. He, however, definitely required that certain rights should be reserved to him as chief and to his people. He wished not "to be baffled in the government of my own town, or in deciding cases among my own people according to custom." He desired that the tribal laws as then in force should be maintained, especially the law concerning intoxicating drinks, and the law regarding the lands of the Bamangwato unalienable. He offered to hand over a tract of land to the British Government, and said: "I feel that I am speaking to gentlemen of the Government of England. Shall I be afraid that they will requite me with Boloi" (witchcraft-deception) l' After many speeches by

the head-men and councillors, Sir Charles Warren replied: "I am glad to hear Khama, your chief, speak. Your chief speaks in the interests of his people, as a chief ought to speak. Khama is a true chief."

In November, 1899, Ma-Bessie, Khama's wife, died. His eldest daughter, Bessie, acted as his housekeeper for some time. until, about a year later, Khama married Gasekete, daughter of one chief and widow of another. Unhappily she also died eighteen months after the marriage. His third wife was Semane, a fine Christian woman, trained in the London Missionary Society school, and it has been OVER 2,500 PRESENT AT A SUNDAY SERVICE IN KHAMA'S PLACE OF ASSEMBLY suggested that it is possible that their young son may be designated to the chieftainship.

In 1892, definite proposals were made by Cecil Rhodes that the southern portion of the Protectorate should be annexed by the Cape Colony, and that Khama's country should be handed over to the Chartered Company. There were doubtless financial as well as political reasons for this project, but Khama had moral and political reasons for resisting it.

So Khama, and the other chiefs involved in the matter, decided to "appeal to Cresar." In 1895, accompanied by Bathoeng, Chief of the Bangweketsi, and Sebele, chief of the Bakwena, and under the guidance of the Rev. W. C. Willoughby and the Rev. E. Lloyd, Khama came to England, to place his case before the British Government.

The chiefs were well received wherever they went. Their picturesque personalities appealed to the imagination, even where they did not challenge the conscience, of the British people. Their case

was greatly helped by Mackenzie's article, and by the advocacy of W. T. Stead in the Review of Rev·iew8.

The chiefs were determined not to come under the rule of the Chartered Company. They insisted on remaining "children of the Queen. " In the end Khama won. In November, 1895, Mr. Chamberlain gave his decision, which provided that a strip of territory on Khama's eastern border, not exceeding ten miles in width, was to be handed over to the Company for the purpose of building the railway to the north; and similar concessions were to be made by the other chiefs. But the chiefs were to live, as heretofore, under the protection of the Queen, and were to rule their people as hitherto. "White man's strong drink," wrote Mr. Chamberlain, "shall not be brought for sale into the country now assigned to the chiefs, and those who attempt to deal in it or to give it away to black men will be punished."

The Bamangwato have been lifted out of savagery through the devoted labors of the missionaries of the London Missionary Society, which has been the only Christian organization at work amongst them from the days of Livingstone. The policy of the Society is that of a broad and sane evangelism, and its aim is not to make sectarians of any particular type, but to teach the great evangelical truths common to all branches of the Christian Church. Khama saw, as all sensible men must see, that to introduce the rivalries of warring sects amongst his people would only lead to confusion and strife. Sectarian divisions have caused so much mischief amongst white Christians that it seems incredible that any should wish to impose its alien bitternesses amongst the heathen, especially while there are millions of other natives still unevangelized. It would appear, however, that there have been some who have not scrupled to depreciate Khama's character and belittle the Bamangwato Church, because they do not conform to their own ecclesiastical fold.

No living African has so completely vindicated the potentialities of the Bantu race, or won so high a place in the aristocracy of character as has Khama. True, he escaped the woe pronounced upon those of whom all speak well, and he has enemies and detractors. That is an added testimony to his character. But tributes to his greatness come from the most unexpected quarters. In "The Diary of a Soldier of Fortune, " by Stanley Portal Hyatt, the author shows his aversion to missionaries and their work, and his contempt for the native people, of whom he speaks with the characteristic arrogance of the white globe-trotter. And yet he says "Khama is a native statesman and a black gentleman …. r admire him as much as I detest his people …. I have no love for missionaries, and even less for native Christians, but the greatness of Khama goes far towards redeeming the faults of all the others." At the end of his

KHAMA-A CHRISTIAN CIDEF OF AFRICA

o EHG~/SH /4/l.. £.3 100 ,2{)O .100 ! I , !

KHAMA'S COUNTRY. THE BECHUANALAND PROTECTORATE days, Khama found that "the price of peace is eternal vigilance." He was faced by the old, old foes of drink, of heathenism, and family intrigue, with the added confusions of plausible and intolerant sectarian,ism. The Bamang'Wato Church will have to pass through the fire of. persecution when the sheltering support of their old chief is gone and the long-suppressed forces of heathenism break out anew. The prestige and influence of the chief have been a great help,· but in some degr.ee tended to retard the development of independentJ~on­ viction and- personal sacrifice for their faith. It has been a 'state church, with all the advantages and all the perils of such patronage.

But for all that, it stands as a well in the desert and a miracle in the earth. From that Church, where the chief led his people to prayer, and where true Christian characters have been formed, there spreads out into the wastes a stream of influence that makes for healing and light. For many years the Bamangwato have sustained their own mission work at Lake Ngami and numerous little stations in other lonely outposts. Khama has shown the world what potentialities are hidden under the black skins and behind the inscrutable faces of the natives. He vindicated the manhood which comes to birth under the power of the Christian faith. He was a Kaffir, a man, a king, and a Christian.

A MOTHER'S DAY SUBJEOT-THE MISSIONARY MOTHER By A MISSIONARY DAUGHTER N o artist has yet painted the Missionary Madonna. The true artist ~ould stand humble and helpl('ss before such a th('me. No classic portraiture of Materna would help him, for he would instinctively know that here was the Great Paradox. 'What classic Madonna is portrayed without a child? Yet it would not be appropriate that a little child should be figured nestling in the lap or clinging to the robe of the Missionary Madonna. Her arms would be empty and the look in her eye would suggest the uttermost parts of the earth. One would know that the whole world is hers because she has given of her own to it. Nor would the expression betoken a giving begrudged. The pride of an heiress woUlld sit upon her brow, for she counts herself not worthy to keep her own and in her meekness she inherits the earth. One who would look closely would notice the delicate, petal-like ear, intent to hear the slightest whisper from above, from abroad, from within; and the lips parted slightly in acquiescence to that whispered message. Eagerness and response would both be seen, and would tell the story of unfaltering patience and active devotion. Courage and joy would shine from her eyes, betokening bravery humble in its infinite strength and a heart of gladness such as the God of Joy Himself bestows.

Surely the true artist might well despair of finding a model for such a conception! Yet if the creative power of a master-mind and the skill of a master-hand were mine, so that I might attempt the portrait, I would give it the expression, the features, the character, the spirit of self-sacrifice of my Mother.

But what need for an artist to paint her picture f She is carried, not as an idealized portrait but as a realized life in the hearts of those who fondly call her Mother. Nor is the critic's comment necessary on this or that feature of such a portrait. Its whole significance is interpreted by its ruling passion: THE UTTERlIWST FOR THE HIGHEST. Nor need the philosopher try in vain to account for such a life. It is itself an interpretation of the Life Broken by Love.

among the Churches in

BY REV. C. E. MANNING, D.D., TORONTO, CANADA General Secretaxy of the Board of Home Missions, Methodist Chilrch of Canada FOR twenty years organic union between the Presbyterian, Con- gregational and lVIethodist Churches in Canada has been a prominent issue. When the General Conference of the Methodist Church was in session in the city of Winnipeg in 1902, two of the three outstanding Presbyterian ministers who addressed the Conference as fraternal delegates from the Presbyterian Church made a strong and impressive appeal .fot the union of the Methodist and Presbyterian Churches. The result of this appeal was the appointment of committees by the Methodist, Presbyterian and Congregational Churches, with a view to framing a basis of Union on which they might consummate an organic Union, which would constitute them one great Church. These committees met in joint session in old Knox Church, Toronto, in December, 1904, and at in-. tervals thereafter until in 1908 they presented a completed draft of a Basis of Union, which with slight modification has been accepted as a satisfactory Basis of Union by the three negotiating bodies.

The members of the three Churches have signified by vote their acceptance of this basis. This action on the part of the people has been confirmed on different occasions by the highest courts of the denominations concerned. Competent lawyers have drafted the necessary legislation to complete the Union. The proposed bill for the consummation of the Union was adopted by the Joint Union Committee in September, 1922, and with slight amendment unanimously accepted by the Methodist General Conference the following October. It will be considered by the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church at its meeting in June, 1923, and by the Congregational Union at its next meeting, when, if adopted by these two bodies, the Dominion and Provincial Legislatures will be asked to give legal sanction to the proposed Union and constitute the three Churches "The United Church of Canada."

The foregoing statement is necessary to an understanding. of the very extensive cooperation which has been carried on between the three negotiating bodies in recent years. Prior to the adoption of the Basis of Union in 1908 some attempts had been made to avoid overlapping and unworthy competition between the Presbyterians and Methodists in their mission work in the rapidly developing areas of Western Canada. These were but moderately successful. It required the atmosphere created by the negotiations looking toward organic Union to enable cooperation to proceed on anything like an adequate scale.

373

In many small villages and sparsely settled areas the people were very impatient over the unnecessary duplication of effort and the waste of resources involved in having two or three churches and as many ministers when one church and one minister would better meet the needs..They consequently proceeded to organize Local Union Churches, which now number fifty-five. These are really independent congregations made up of members of various denominations, but chiefly of Presbyterians and Met.hodists. They have adopted the Basis of Union referred to above, and if organic Union is effected between the negotiating bodies, will form part of "The United Church of Canada." In the meanwhile they are independent of the parent bodies, being connected with them only through the medium of an advisory council, with which they confer from time to time. They claim to be the pioneers in a great movement which they expect will ultimately result in the inclusion of all the Protestant Churches in Canada in one great Christian Church.

At the time these Local Union Churches were being formed, a larger measure of cooperation between the denominations negotiating ·Union was urged in resolutions of the highest courts'. In 1911 an agreement for cooperation was adopted. This was amended in 1917 and again in 1922. It provided for cooperation by delimitation of territory and by affiliation of the membership of cooperating congregations with one or all of the parent bodies.

Nearly if not all of roral Western Canada has been divided between the negotiating bodies, each having its territorial sphere of responsibility upon which the other cooperating Churches agree not to encroach. In some areas which are served by only one of the Churches, two or more membership rolls are kept, on which the names of the people are entered according to the denominations to which theY' belong. These Churches report regularly to the parent bodies and are under the jurisdiction of one of them as agreed upon by the Cooperation Committee.

Of approximately 400 pastoral charges in Saskatchewan there are only 29 which have not been affected by cooperation. In a certain section of the Province of Ontario 169 pastoral charges have come under cooperation. Prior to cooperation they had 767 preaching places; they have now 598, or 169 less than formerly. This does not mean that the people are without religious services. Formerly in many places the Methodist and Presbyterian Churches conducted services in the same community on the same day, and often at the same hour; now the congregations worship together and are served by one minister where previously they had two.

By cooperation in Ontario 111 ministers have been released for work on other fields and large expenditures of money avoided.

According to figures obtained in January, 1923, 1,245 pastoral charges had been affected by cooperation or IJocal Unions. 1,014 of

COOPERATION AMONG THE CHURCHES IN CANADA

these were by delimitation of territory, 176 were affiliated charges and 55 were Local Union fields. This is not a local movement. It has spread throughout the whole Dominion and extends from Halifax on the east to Vancouver Island, in the Pacific Ocean, on the west, a distance of 3,500 miles; and from the American border to as far north as there are people to serve. There are not a score of mission fields west of Montreal where there is overlapping or duplication of effort by the negotiating bodies.

This movement is not confined to pastoral charges. It extends to social service work of various kinds, to summer school arrangements, to theological colleges and to the pUblication of Sundayschool periodicals. There are four theological colleges in the city of Montreal, established and maintained by the Anglican, Presbyterian, Congregational and Methodist Churches, respectively. The students in all of them sit in the same classes and take lectures from the same professors. A similar arrangement obtains in some other university centers in Canada.

The Presbyterian, Methodist and Congregational Sunday-schools use the same Sunday-school papers, which are published by the Methodist Publishing House in Toronto, each denomination having· its imprint on the papers sent to its schools. The Religious Education Boards of the three bodies meet together and plan their work in joint session.

The diversified character and the great success of cooperation between the Ohurches named offer a most impressive object lesson. It was made possible first by an appreciation of the magnitude of the task confronting the Oanadian Churches through rapidly extending areas in cities and country places to which they could not minister without uniting their forces, and second by the atmosphere of goodwill and kindly feeling associated with the Union Movement.

Perhaps it should be pointed out that the proposed Union will be different from any other recorded Union of Protestant bodies. Different branches of the Presbyterian Ohurch in Canada united years ago, as did also various branches of the Methodist Church; but they were but branches of the same parent bodies. They subscribed to the same creed, had much the same forms of church government and similar forms of worship. They had very little to surrender in coming together. It is quite different in the proposed Union. It means that these three Ohurches, each of them with a great history and with traditions which are very sacred, have agreed to ignore their differences, subscribe to a common creed, accept the same form of church government, surrender the names by which they have been known, and for the glory of God and the good of Canada become incorporated in one body and constitute "THE UNITED CHURCH OF CANADA." If this Union is accomplished it will be one of the most important achievements of modern times.

AN INDIAN'S GIFT FOR HIS PEOPLE HON. CHARLES H. BlTRKE, WASHINGTON, D. C.

"Jackson Barnett is reputed to be Oklahoma '8 wealthiest Indian…. He is probably the most advertised Indian in the United States, not only because of his great wealth, but on account of his marriage about three years ago to his present wife, who is alleged to have kidnapped him from his guardian in Oklahoma and to have taken him to Kansas, where she married him…..

"Upon the r~quest of Jackson Barnett himself, and in view of these experiences and of the fact that-aside from his wife-Jackson Barnett has no living relatives who have any legal or moral claim upon him, it was concluded by the Secretary of the Interior and the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, after a full personal consideration and consultation with A. J. Ward, Creek National Attorney, and Superintendent Locke, of Muskogee, Oklahoma, to make such a disposition of the bulk of this estate as would remove it as a further temptation to those whose interest in Jackson. Barnett is prompted only by the fact that he has money.

"There has been given to the American Baptist Home Mission Society of New York, as a permanent endowment fund for the use and benefit Of Bacone College and Murrow Indian Orphans' Home at Mus- . kogee, Oklahoma, $550,000. To insure to Barnett an income sufficient for his needs, regardless of any contingency during his lifetime, the society has guaranteed to him, as a first charge against said fund, the payment of $20,000 a year as long as he lives, out of the income from his gift…..

"The same amount, $550,000, has been given to Mrs. Barnett, and she in turn has created a trust fund of $200,000, the income from which to the extent of $7,500 a year will be paid to her husband during his lifetime….. These gifts have been made absolutely, and are not conditional or in any way dependent upon the guaranties of income…..

"During the last two and a half years the Indians of Oklahoma have made other gifts of approximately $475,000 for the land, buildings, equipment and endowment of the Murrow Indian Orphanage and Bacone College. These gifts have been approved by the. Indian Bureau. The General Education Board of New York has also made a gift of $80,000 and the American Baptist Home Mission Society $40,000 for the buildings of Bacone College. These gifts from the Indians and their friends amount to $1,145,000, of which $700,000 is for endowment and $445,000 for land, buildings and equipment. The student body of both institutions is made up of representatives of twenty-one Indian tribes, coming from wide Indian areas….. President B. D. Weeks, the head of the schools, is enthusiastically devoted to the upbuilding of these institutions and to the intellectual and moral enrichment of Indian youth."

The gift of $80,000 by the General Education Board and the gift of $40,000 from income of special funds by the Home Mission Society were conditioned on the gifts of large sums by the Indians, and have led, through the efforts of President Weeks and others, to the remarkable gifts mentioned by Commissioner Burke. The Murrow Indian Orphans' Home is under the direct supervision of the president of Bacone College, and while it has been supported chiefly by the Indians, the salaries of certain teachers and matrons have been paid by the Woman'8 American Baptist Home Mission Society.

OUTSTATION SCHOOL IN THE KWATO MISSION USED ALSO FOR A

ConAicting Forces in Papua Modern Civilization and the Gospel of Christ BY REV. CHARLES W. ABEL, KWATO, NEW GUINEA T HIRTY years of Christian mission work in New Guinea has produced marked results upon the aborigines who have been thus brought into contact with western civilization. The savage cannibal tribes who, at first sight, might have been considered almost hopeless, have in a remarkable way responded to the appeal of the Gospel. As new districts have been opened up to the East and to the West, missionaries have undertaken a seemingly impossible task, and after a few years have proved the power of Christ to transform the most degraded men. An important part of the evangelistic work in the island is now being conducted by Papuan converts who were formerly degraded savages. Along hundreds of miles of the coast simple but sincere Christians, scattered in scores of heathen villages, make up the membership of the young Church.

The triumphs of grace amongst these backward people make an inspiring story. But, fortunately, this is only one aspect of the case. While multitudes of this barbarous people have been brought to the knowledge of Christ, other forces have been at work which, if not controlled, must lead to their extinction. When I first went to live in the southeast of New Guinea there were only seven white men in that part of the country and they were not all permanent residents. In those days we lived among a strange aboriginal race on whom western civilization had made no impression. One had only to pene- 4 377

trate a few miles into the interior to discover that no white man had ever been there. The savage and untutored natives were not merely curious to catch a glimpse of the strange foreigner but they were bewildered by the spectacle: Wllen the novelty wore off and we were able to go about our work, free from unpleasant scrutiny, we were still conscious of being odd persons who did not fit in with the prevailing conditions. The feeling of isolation was sometimes almost as acute as if we had been living on an uninhabited island.

Today, in the center of this same locality, there is a small, growing township with three hotels, three large general stores, various government offices, bonded stores and warehouses, a bank, a cinema theatre, wireless telegraphy, a hospital and a number of private dwellings. A regular line of steamers connect this port with Sydney, New South Wales, calling every three weeks. White men have taken upland along the coast and have formed plantations for the cultivation of cocoanuts, rubber, etc. The white population numbers about 700 people who either reside in the township or make it their busine·ss headquarters. The coast is sometimes quite alive with the sails of white men's boats.

This drastic change in the conditions of the' country has been a serious matter for the Papuan. Both government and mission reports state that the native population is diminishing and there is also a marked declension in the alertness and vitality of the people. The houses that the natives build today are generally inferior in size and in workmanship to those they used to make with crude implements before the advent of the white man. While most of the glaringly vicious practices of their former savage life have been set aside, abortion and adultery have alarmingly increased and divorce, which thirty years ago was very rare, is now common.

It may be difficult to understand how such havoc is wrought among a people who have been brought under a flag which is pledged to safeguard aboriginal rights and who have given the benefits of the Gospel. With the incoming of western civilization, the Papuan has received many real advantages. The local government has made good laws and commerce has brought material benefits. Mission reports are also encouraging. But in spite of the good which these forces have brought to the Papuan in both material and spiritual things,· his old life has been so shaken to its foundations that he is faced with racial disaster. The new order has in it destructive elements far more evident in their results upon his life than are the constructive forces. Benefits have been doled out by the handful; while the things which are bringing about his material doom have been distributed broadcast.

For example, abortion was always practiced to some extent by the Papuan, but formerly this was largely due to the division of labor, which allotted the work of agriculture to the women. The men

CONFLICTING FORCES IN PAPUA

felled the heavy forests, chopped up and burnt off the timber; fenced in the garden; dug up the soil and then left the cultivation of grain, tare and sugar cane to the women. Every women had to do her share or she and her family were short of food: Often the woman could not spare the time to bring up a large family of children and this led to abortion. But the marked increase in this practice is due to the entire breakup of the old clan systems under which these people formerly lived. In one generation the Papuan has changed from a position in which he had next to no responsibility except as a member of a clan, to one in which he stands, almost independent of any rela- tionship to the community. Woman can no longer depend upon the cooperation of her sex in the pro- duction of food, so that it is more difficult under the new conditions for her to regard motherhood with complacency.

This radical change from en- tire dependence upon the coopera- tion of his fellows to an almost complete independence of them has been promoted by unexpected causes-such as the enforcement of inter-tribal peace and the con- A TYP ICAL NEW GUINEA NATIVE sequent intermixing and intermar- rying of former neighboring and enemy tribes. This far-reaching effect brought about suddenly by government ordinances, cannot be over-estimated. Among other things it has dispensed with the pri- mary necessity for the clan system-united action against a common foe was necessary for self-preservation. It has been one of the chief factors in forcing individualism upon the people.

The introduction of steel axes, knives, :fishhooks, matches and a hundred other things which commerce has popularized and which become immediately indispensable and easily procurable, has struck a deathblow at the center of the Papuan social system. Stone axes and shell necklaces, which Papuans used to prize, have lost their value because steel axes and imported beads are found in the white man's stores in unlimited supply. Any native can get the necessary price by selling a few fowls or pineapples or by engaging in some kind of service for the white man. It was with his former wealth that the Papuan secured a wife and to make an initial present to his bride's family he had to elicit the help of everyone of his relations.

He had, therefore, to satisfy them in his choice of a wife so that mar-

riage was a family-almost a tribal, as well as a personal-contract. Commerce has helped to change all this by destroying old values and by making the indispensable new things so easily accessible. If a man wants to get married today he is no longer restricted to the former friendly tribes in his choice of a wife, neither is he dependent upon the help of his relatives. He pleases himself and both the man and the woman have a new· sense of individuality. The change which has made marriage easy has also made divorce easy. Under the old system, in order to put his wife away, a man had to break a contract between two tribes. The present which his family had given to the parents of his bride was an important investment, the equivalent of which was in after years returnable to them and then passed back- wards and forwards between the two peoples. No man dare lightly break such a contract. If he did, he could not remain with his di- vorced wife's tribe; he could not return to his own people and, if on rare occasions, he might break through conventions, what chance had he of remarriageT This new independence brings him no responsi- bility and no restraint; consequently divorce is common.

It can easily be seen how, for similar reasons, adultery has spread within recent years. Under the old native law the offense met with the penalty of death. There was no escape from this and it acted as a powerful deterrent. Under British rule, adultery is pun- ished by the infliction of a fine or a few months' imprisonment!

In former days homebuilding was, like agriculture, a community affair. Heavy timbers and materials for walls and roofing had to be fetched from long distances. Today the Papuan cannot obtain labor on the old terms by merely providing the laborers with food while they work. Now a native looks upon labor in the light of dollars, so that housebuilding has become a more difficult proposition-hence poorer houses are built.

These are illustrations of ways in which Western contact with these backward people has resulted in some form of retrogression. The two largest factors in his general declension, however, will need no explanation-namely, the introduction of diseases formerly un- known to these people: venereltl, phthisis, measles, whooping-cough, etc.; and the fact that by compelling the Papuan to live at peace with his old enemies, many of his former industries and nearly all his art have been destroyed.

Notwithstanding the seriousness of the present situation, how- ever, there is no reason why the changes should result in such tragic disaster to the Papuan. The decline is not inevitable, if we are suf- ficiently awake to the danger and sufficiently interested in his welfare to give him needed help. The Papuan has proved himself ready to .seize an opportunity of self-improvement. He is teachable, capable, adaptable and if he is carefully trained when young, he becomes

CONFLICTING FORCES IN P APUA

lIlR. ABEL LEAVING THE HEAD STATION, K WATO, FOR A lOO-MILE JOURNEY IN A D UG·O UT CANOE industrious. We need to give him instruction in such branches of skilled mechanical work as shall fit him to make the best of his latent abilities and to equip him to be of service to his fellow men.

The task of assisting this backward people through this transition period will be neglected unless it is undertaken by the Christian

Church. Philanthropy and humanitarianism are not long-sighted enough to reach these far-distant, little-known Papuans. The salvation, physical as well as spiritual, of these out-of-the-way natives rests with the Church because Christians alone will go to the very ends of the earth to discover and minister to those in need. It is to us that the command comes, as we have opportunity to "do good unto all men, especially unto those who are of the household of faith." No merely material help can meet a case like this. It would be waste of money, and waste of effort to attempt to set the savage man upon his feet merely by educational methods. The regeneration of his heart must precede the reconstruction of his life. Only the power of the crucified and risen Christ working through the Holy Spirit can accomplish this. When we deal with the renewed man" old things have passed away," all things become new, and the most difficult problem is simplified. But these babes in Christ become the care of the Chu~ch.

What a field for Christian service New Guinea presents to the yout.h of America! "'-IVe need young men of consecrated life and prac- tical experience and skilled in various branches of knowledge to give at least a part of their life to the Lord in service for the Papuan.

As in the early Church, we need today for this special ministry "men of honest report, full of the Holy Ghost and wisdom whom we may appoint over this business." .

(FO'1' a Ust of special needs 8e~ the back cover of the REVIEW.) THE AMBULANCE AT KWATO MISSION STATION Tb is ambu lance and the building were g1"en as a memorial to an Anglican nurSe who lost her Ure in an epidemic. It was built by Kwato Dative carpenters and was opened by the Lieutenant-Governor, Judge Murray. C.M.G.

and the Country Church*

BY PROF. A. R. MANN, ITHAOA, NEW YORK Dean of New York State College of Agriculture SEVERAL years ago the New York State College of Agriculture at Cornell University made a detailed study from a farm man- agement standpoint of all the farms in Tompkins County, New York. There are eight towns, or townships, in the county, exclusive of Ithaca. When the study was completed, the results were summarized by towns, and the eight towns were listed in a descending scale according to the relative prosperity of the farms within the several towns. Two years later, Reverend C. O. Gill was sent into the county to make a detailed study of the program of the rural churches. Mr. Gill spent the time necessary to.get the records for a twenty-year period for all the churches of all denominations in the county. He listed the eight towns in a descending scale according to the comparative decline in church vitality and serviceability. These towns were found to rank in the same order in the two surveys. The churches registered accurately the economic prosperity of the people who constituted their actual and possible constituency.

While economic prosperity does not guarantee religious vitality, the fact remains that in general there cannot be erected a Christian social structure on an economic base which cannot sustain it. Excessive prosperity may be injurious to church activity, but farmers generally are below the income group at which interest in the fellow man and in spiritual values develops. The problem is to bring the farmer's income to a point at which it is possible for him to live in reasonable comfort and in good health, with a surplus on which his children can go to school and to church and which he can share with others in the support of community institutions.

Professor Gillette, speaking of the social gains which come from improved economic conditions resulting from the devices, methods, and inventions of the American people, says: "Compare Oriental society, where philosophy and faiths have flourished for ages, as never in the Western world, with Western society after the invention of the railway. The former has remained inert and passive. It seems powerless before the advances of the Occident, notwithstanding the hundreds of millions of people whom it includes." Other things being equal, the community that manifests the most vigor-and progress in intelligently improving its methods of production is likely to be also the one showing the most vigor and vitality in improving its social conditions.

.. Oondensed from an addreso before the lnternat!()nal ASSOCiation of Agricultural MiSSions, Ni>'' Y(I1"k. December 7, 1920.

383

Agricultural education has everywhere concerned itself also with the human, spiritual aspects of country life as distinguished from the economic. Agriculture is both an occupation by means of which persons make a living, and a mode of life. Oareful students of the history of mankind have repeatedly ShOVlIl that if the intellectual and spiritual nature of man is to be developed there must be some measure of release from physical exertion. Extreme physical and mental activity are incompatible. By improving the methods of farming and somewhat lessening its burdens and exactions, agricultural education seeks to set free, in a limited degree, botli the time and the inclination for the things of the mind and the spirit. Farming needs to be improved if the higher interests of life are to thrive. A civilization which is spiritual cannot find a healthy rootage in a situation which is either economically poor or physically exhausting. It may find some rootage, but not the sort which leads to abundant life or the full expression of the highest nature of man.

Improvements in farming are not a final end in themselves, but are means to higher ends,-way stations on the route to intellectual and spiritual goals. The final term in the whole country life enterprise is the farmer itself-his elevation, making possible to him the best fruits of an advancing civilization, enlarging and enriching his personality and his spiritual resourceS.

The great need everywhere, in the home lands and in the mission lands, is for trained resident leadership. This leadership should combine character training and technical training. In America agricultural schools and colleges are training the leaders who will stay in the country and influence it. To an ever-increasing extent will they be the successful persons in agriculture who find in this calling an outlet for their best abilities and ambitions. To send into the country, at home or abroad, leaders with superior training in agriculture and with clear and established Ohristian ideals, is gradually to mould and possess the rural population of the future. We are now training tpe leaders of the next generation. The person who comes to a community bearing aid to relieve human need and to increase human comfort, gains entrance and is received. Demonstration of superior ability in the workaday things begets confidence and opens the way to wider influence.

It is frequently necessary and desirable for a time, to subsidize social institutions from without until their value has been demonstrated to the people of the locality. But the institutions will never be a vital part of the people until they are supported and developed by the community itself. In the beginning, missionary churches in the rural places frequently have to be subsidized or financed from the outside. A program which frankly seeks the highest welfare of the people served will seek, however, to make the institutions stand on their own feet as quickly as possible, lest the people be pauper-

FARMERS AND THE COUNTRY ORURCH

ized and spiritually impoverished. If this desirable end is to be accomplished we must have, among other things, two conditions Which the teaching of agriculture seeks to bring about: First, we must have a thrifty and reasonably prosperous popu- lation. An unthrifty population is a hopeless group in which to develop eagerness for spiritual yalues. The church in such a situa- tion quickly finds it must inculcate thrift if it is to advance sub- stantially in its evangelical endeavors.

Second, there must be a relatively permanent population. In America one of the most destructive conditions with which the church has had to contend has been the shifting rural population, the farmer who does not establish himself long enough in any com- munity to become a part of the community life or become interested in its institutions. Other things being equal, the strong church will be found where the population is relatively the most permanent. It is a first consider~tion with the church that the community shall have holding power for its people. One of the first essentials to such holding power is the ability to acquire a good living and the en- couragement to long land tenure or ownership. The church needs the results of agricultural teaching in these fields if it is to thrive.

But economic success alone does not guarantee holding power; it must be accompanied by a healthy development of social institutions, particularly of the school and the church. The interplay and interdependence of the social and economic forces in a community is one of the most evident facts in country life. The two cannot wisely be separated. In America our most successful rural ptistors are recognizing that they must seek to promote the total life of their communities if they are to achieve their :;piritual objectives. Colleges of agriculture receive great numbers of requests from country preachers for aid in their work; and there is no class of calls to which the colleges are more ready to respond. The colleges of agriculture, on the other hand, look on the churches as permanent institutions in the country life which should be made highly serviceable. The colleges are concerned with the promotion of country life as a whole, spiritually as well as economically. They are therefore deeply concerned as to the efficiency of all the permanent institutions ministering to country life.

The development of agricultural missions is a component part of the foreign missionary enterprise, as an opportunity for the largest service to the people and as an accelerator of the higher social and spiritual ends which have always been the chief purpose of missionary endeavor. The importance of agriCUltural education and research to national economy and integrity and to social advancement has dawned on the world; and its development is going forward rapidly. The missionary agencies have a strategic opportunity which may escape them if they do not lay hold on it.

MBTHODS

EDITED BY MRs. E. C. CRONK, 844 DREXEL BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA PECULIAR DIFFICULTIES OR UNUSUAL OPPORTUNITIES?

I N any average assembly of miS&ionary workers about one hundred per cent could testify that they are laboring under peculiardifficulties.. .A few are such masters of tine discrimination that they would say rather that they were having unusual opportunities.

Two men were cast into jail. One sat down in hopeless despair, and surrendered to his peculiar difficulties. The other rose up to meet the unusual opportunity of days and months and years of uninterrupted leisure. He called for pen and paper and gave to the world Bunyan's , ,Pilgrim's Progress."

Two men were stricken with blindness. One bowed low under his peculiar difficulty, and with placard proclaiming to every passer-by his affliction, and tin cup in his hand, stood at the street corner waiting for sympathetic pennies. The other stood erect lifting his blind eyes to heaven and said, "What is it Lord?" Into his heart came the de- termination to open the Bible and the pages of history and literature to other blind eyes. He gave t() the world the Moon system, of reading for the blind with this simple testimony: "It has pleased God to bestow on me the talent of blindness. I have tried hard not to bury it in the napkin of despair and hopelessness but to use it for his glory." Tw~ WOlnen went out from offices of New York specialists with the words of diagnosis of incurable disease ringing in their ears. One be- came a despondent burden to her friends because she could not face her peculiar difficulty. The other said, "To me, a diagnosed leper, has been opened suoh a door of opportunity as has never before boon opened to any woman of America," and Maxy Reed sailed back with a song to meet her unusual opportunity of work among the lepers of India.

If you want to work "under peculiar difficulties" you need not move. There is a convenient street corner near by, and there are always'

a few kind hearts to drop sympathetic pennies into any extended cup.

If it is sympathy you crave, stand still, adjust your tag and hold out your cup. But if it's unusual opportunity you long for, lift up your eyes' and look. .

Peculiar difficulty or unusual opportunity is yours for the choosing.

A FEW SUPPOSITIONS took a long-time contract in the moun- Suppose you had been president of tains of the south, would you be deso- one of the livest missionary societies lated by the peculiar difficulties or would you see, as one woman saw, an in New York. Suppose you had served unusual opportunity to start a moun- on national and international boards tain Sunday-school; to secure proper and committees. Suppose that one medical attention for defective chil- day your. husband, a civil engineer, dren; to enlist hundreds of friends in 386 supplying clothing, books cl.D.d maga- your unusual opportunity by starting zines for those in need and in pro- .. . Moonlight Schools and Torchlight viding scholarships for bright girls Schools for men and women who must and boys' work all day T..

'" '" '" Suppose that you were a Sunday- school superintendent who did not Suppose that when you were a have one teacher who had a vital inchild, you had had an illness that left terest in missions. Would you despair you with a slight iameness, which be- or would you arrange to send one or came more and more pronounced until more of your teachers to the best you could no longer walk but had to Summer School within reach and then face the balance of your life from a have a teachers' Mission Study Class hospital bed. Would you spend that or Discussion Group the next fall Y life explaining to your friends and yourself and your Lord what great A HOSPITAL READING CIRCLE things you would do if it were not for "Likely about a month." the peculiar difficulties under which For a busy woman who was used you were placed or would you do what to doing things the doctor's answer Ida Gracey did, convert the sympathy to the question, "How long will I that was aimed at her into sympathy have to stay at the hospital!" was for uncared for, crippled girls in not esveeially inspiring. "It won't seem long, " he added en- China, until by letters, and conversa- couragingly, "because you know you tion, and prayer she secured $3,000, can roll around in your wheel chair to build the first home for crippled after this week. ' , The Patient sighed, "Please hand girls in China T… .. .. me my book," she said to the nurse as the doctor went out. Suppose that you lived in a good "What are you reading'" asked the other Patient in her double room. residence section of Philadelphia, and "The new Mission Study Book. I was ready to get up a Reading Circle that day by day Italian laborers en- in our Church when I met with this dreadful accident, and now I can't croached more and more in your do a thing." "Cheer up," encouraged Patient street. Suppose you saw one "re- Number Two. "I'll join. I was on my way to a Mission Study Class spectable" famBy after another move when an automobile struck me." "Isn't that great !" said Patient away in disgust. Suppose you saw Number One, with enthusiasm. "I don't mean the automobile striking your husband's congregation fall off you, but the idea of having a Reading Circle in the hospital. It'll work too. in -attendance Sunday after Sunday. People would join anything in a hospital. " Would you pack up and move out to That was the beginning of it. There was a rapid succession of events which escape the peculiar difficulties that resulted in two friendly-rival Reading Circles. Missionary books, leaflets and made your work impossible or would magazines were included. In a few days two wheel chairs were running you have the vision Lillian Weaver races up and doWn corridors, in par- lors and out on the sun porch. Cassiday had to see the unusual op- portunity that had come to her doors, to begin an Italian kindergarten and mission? '" '" ..

Suppose that you were a pastor who had been ueed to large city c.ongrega- tions and that you had been told by your physician that your only hope for life was in a high altitude; sup- pose you had taken a congregation in a neglected mountain district. As you met day after day men, women and children who could not read or write would you complain about the hopelessness of working under such peculiar difficulties or would you face

Gossip travels last even in hospitals Typical Oues and soon everyone knew about the CASE I.-Symptoms: Congregation Rival Reading Circles. The head. divided into two factions. Constantly nurse kept close watch to see that no fight each other. Great bitterness. patient was annoyed and the staff Diagnosis: Apparently a peculiar physicians, noting what an added im- difficulty. In reality an unusual oppetus was being given to the complete portunity. recovery of convalescent patients, Treatment: The only hope is to get agreed that a bulletin announcing the both factions under such a heavy daily score should be· placed in the mutual responsibility that only their hall. Doctors, nurses and other mem- combined strength can lift it. Underbers of the hospital sitaff became so take the support of a missionary. If interested that they joined, and after this does not engage all the fighting reading a ~eafiet, read a book. energies, take two missionaries 01' a whole mission station. Make a survey The end f Why, the end isn't in sight yet. Two nurses and one doctor to discover the need for community decided to go into medical mission service. Put everybody to work. The work, a number of men and women fact that two factions will fight each who had never known anything of other is a hopeful sign. They have missions were interested and half a fighting blood and if anyone is ailert dozen people decided to have reading to lead them to a proper battleground circles if they ever got home alive. and enlist them in a worth-while task they will do valiant service. "IF IT WERE NOT FOR THE CHIL- CASE No. 2.-Symptoms: Women DREN" intensely interested in clubs and civic What officer of a missionary society affairs. No interest in Missions.

has not heard the tired mother say Diagnosis: Do not mistake this for she would come to the society, "if it a peculiar difficulty. It is generally were not for the children." Here is prevalent in many sections. Close the challenge of oppo·rtunity which diagnosis pronounces it an unusual one society met by arranging parallel opportunity.

meetings for children. There were a Prescription: Women who are few volunteer nurses to care for the working in clubs and civic a.ff'airs babies amI several teachers to tell are women who do things. They wiH stories and direct play and hand work. not give their time to a Missionary The eager children soon became the Society that is not doing things.

best attendance officers bringing their Study carefully the program and motbers, aunts, and big sisters with leadership of your society. Counsel them. with .your consecrated club women as to plans that will enlist the women BE A DISCRIMINATING DIAGNOS- you want to reach. Assign big tasks TICIAN to women of big capabilities.

"A good practitioner but an aw- CASE No.3. Symptoms: "Only a fully poor diagnostician," said some- few people in our Church will work. one of a certain physician. "If his We have to count on the faithful few patients don't die before he discovers for everything;"

what is the matter with them he'Il Diagnosis: Clear case of opportu- most likely cure them." nity for enlisting more workers.

That is the ease with many mission- Prescription: By rotation of of- ary workers. The reason we lose so ficers, train various· women to do many cases is because our diagnosis various types of service. Study aU is "difficulty" when it should be "op- available talent and put it to work.

portunity. " The treatment that will Avoid "glittering generalities" in kin in one malady will cure in an- asking for service. A woman who will other. neve~ give a second thought to the

~EST

implied request "We doso long to have Prescription: Circulate freely the you work in our Missionary Society" MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD.

may give specific response to "Will Give from five to fifteen minutes to a you get twenty-five girls to sing at good speaker to present it at every the next meeting' Have them dressed conference and eonvention. List it in in Red CrosEl uniform and ask them your missionary literature announce- to sing the Crusade of Compassion ments. Require it in your standards Hymn." Make your meetings depend of efficiency in Mission Study or Read- on as many people as possible. Lea,rn ing Circles. Subscribe for it for all as a leader never to do anything you your home and foreign missionaries.

can train anyone else to do. It's Rapid and continued improvement is!

easier to do things oneself than to sure to follow this treatment, strength- train others, but prophet-leadership ening the heart action of any denomi- trains its successors. nation or congregation.

CASE No.4. Symptoms: "No men CASE No.7. Symptoms: Members interested in missions in our Church. of missionary society are listless in Only women in Mission Study Classes. " the spring. Do not attend meetings. Diagnosis: Opportunity for espe- Diagnosis: Exceptional opportunity to enlist men. cially inviting Spring plans. Presc.ription: The following used Presc'ription: Begin with a Discussion Group. 'Get the best man to be by IIJl Evangelical church in Cleve- land, Ohio, was very effective.

had, to conduct it. Any of the new ~priug 3nilwer :Seding Mission Study books will furnish basis of ti)r of discussion. Hold meetings at _ay moman's missionary ~oddg church or some home, or downtown .dlunilllY EU~ttittg, lat, 7:311 , ••• at a club or hall. Serve lunch or supper 80 that men can come to class Q!aluaryR' Q!l1urtl1 directly from their work. A IItl)lIn IUIiI IIrll11tatu:~1I 'r"gram will bl! rl!ttllenll by ilJe 1I"….aa lItirrle. CASE No.5. Symptoms: Only one woman will lead in prayer. lIl)I! lIarma cGlel! ClUub will ailtg.

".1lI. m,. A–a. …rltg:n …. Jhp.

Diagnosis: Opporrtunity to train E"I!ry Ani"I! llnil A ….ariat" .mb…. fa mllltrll others. attil will rrri""I! a Prescription: Prepare program of ~priug 1lflown iliIoquet.

prayer as carefully as you do pro- "This invitation was sent to every gram of study. Have chairman in member or prospective member a week charge who outlines the things for or two in advance. On the morning which your society should pray defin- of that lovely May Day a group of itely. Ask women to pray for specific the younger women who had recently things. If necessary, write words of joined the society, and who drive their prayer for them. After they grow ac- own cars, drove out to the farm and customed to the sound of their own woods of one of our members to gather voices they wiN phrase their own a variety of flowers and great branches prayers. Give to every member a list of blossoming trees to beautify the of objects of special prayer for the assembly room. We arranged about month. Circulate literature on prayer. two hundred bouquets of flowers and CASE No.6. Symptoms: Lack of put them in baskets to float in the knowledge of world missions. No in- water of the spring by the old rustic terest in work of any other Boards. spring-house while we ate our picnic Positive ignorance of general home lunch in a lovely woodsy spot near and foreign mission work. where Garfield used to live and prac- Diagnosis: Opportunity to eirculate tice speaking in his father's woods.

up-to-date interdenominational mis- "That night there were II hundred sionary magazine. and twenty-five at the meeting instead

of the usual thirty or thirty-five. To- not .on Broadway, New York City- and a crowd of about 500 men and ward the end of the program we called women had gathered to hear what the man on the box had to say. They an intermission and a group of six heard the story of God's love, and hearts were moved. In response to women presented the bouquets which an invitation to accept God's gift of Jesus Christ as Saviour and Lord, they carried in pretty sandwich several had raised their hands. When the leader learned that the two were baskets. When we began the meeting GeI".lllan and F'rench, he asked them to make a full surrender, with the rethe weary look which proclaims the sult that they publicly knelt in prayer.

advent of spring housecleaning days Among the "soap-box orators, " some of whom are politicians, Ethical was in the eyes of the women. It Culturists and Free Thinkers, who boldly give vent to blatant blasphemy, was all gone when the beautiful spring the Institute's staff of trained outdoor speakers proclaim the Gospel of the blossoms brightened the entire room. Lord Jesus Christ to the great mul- titude who throng our city streets. "Three other groups gave the pro- Many have questioned the wisdom gram. Four in costume, gave mono- of attempting to preach the Gospel in the highways and byways, feeling logues, four spoke from home-made that the subject is too sacred for the street and that the church building charts, and the Glee Club composed is the proper place for the proclama- tion of God's Word. of members of the society sang. About We have, however, the example of forty members had some part in the our Lord and the Apostles. As He and they went up and down throughmeeting. MRS. W. L. NAUMANN." out the land, they gathered the crowds on the seashore, at the roadside, in CASE No.8. Symptoms: Dozens of the city streets, in the market places, and on the hillside to proelaim unto women shut in because of illness, or them God's plan of salvation. We have, also, the example of such men detained by business or domestic ob- as Savonarola, George Whitefield, Charles Wesley, William Booth, and ligations from attending regular mis- a host of others.

sionary me'etings. We have also the Lord's command to go and disciple the nations, Mat- Diagnosis: 'fhe symptoms have dis- thew 28: 19. We know of no other way to obey this command than to do couraged many leaders who are con- just as we are told, that is, GO. It sometimes appears easier to prepare vinced they have a case of "peculiar an attractive program and send out invitations for the people to come, difficulties. " In reality there is a but experience teaches that sinners do not readily accept such an invigreat opportunity. ' tation.

Prescription: Start an Extension "Mike" L…. , an Italian truck driver, had received many invitations Department for all those who can not to attend the meetings but never gave heed until his little son was attracted attend tbe meetings. Duties of ex- tensiOll members should be to pray for the work, to read letters or literature sent them regularly and to make reg- ular offerings. In the Methodist Epis- copal Church the eleven branches of the Women'8 l<'oreign Missionary So- ciety have about 40,000 extension members who support thirty-three missionaries.

REACHING THE MASSES By JOHN N. WOLF General Director of Evangelistic Work, National Bible Institute It was a strange sight the policeman saw as he pressed his way through the crowd at a National Bible Institute outdoor evangelistic meeting – one that caused him to pause in perplexity. Two men, one a Frenchman, the other a German, were kneeling side by side at the curb while another man prayed aloud.

It was midnight-but that matters

19:!31 n:FJST MElTlIO:DS 3!1l

to a meeting on the corner and became Nothing that is really worth while acquainted with one of the Sunday- ever happens by chance. In order school teachers, who was not ashamed that our outdoor evangelistic C!liIDto stand on the street for Christ. He paign may be fruitful, OUI' plans are became a member of her class and carefully laid. one night said to his father, "Pop, you ought to go over and hear those people The National Bible Institute has alsing. " That night "Mike" attended ways endeavored to preach the Gospel the outdoor meeting and turned to as often as possible, in as many places Christ. The next night he brought as possible, and to as many as poshis wife and she, too, was converted sible. This being our aim, the aggresand so an entire family was brought sive campaign is planned to reach out of darkness into Hght. all classes and all races. Meetings are held in the financial districts for In no place in the wide world are reaching the bankers and brokers, in we better able to obey the great com- the "Hell's Kitchen" district where mand to " disciple the nations" than vice holds sway, at the various sumon the streets of our great city of mer resorts, and in the great "White 'New York. Here are gathered to- Light" districts. We have had meetgether people out of every country, ings for Jews, Russians, Italians, every kindred, every tribe, and every Pol e s , Ruthenians, Lithuanians, tongue. Here we have more Jews Greeks, Germans, and {)thers, in the than in .Jerusalem, more Irish than in various sections where they colonize, Cork, more Germans than in Berlin, addressed in their mother tongue. more Hungarians than in Budapest, One of these, a Roumanian Free more Italians than in Rome, to say Thinker, waf! converted and in a short nothing of the Greeks, Spaniards, time brought his sister to Christ, then Poles, Scandinavians, and in fact, all his old mother and is now laboring the other nations on the face of the with his infidel father. earth. Many times the people have stood Recognizing the efficacy of street "in season and out of season" in the preaching in reaching the people with rain and in the snow, and oftentimes their propaganda, the Bolshevists and when the thermometer registered 100 Free Thinkers have been swift to avail degrees. Even in zero weather peop~e themselves of the opportunity of pre- have stood and listened to the Gospel senting suchtopics as "Free Love," message. Our campaign is planned "Knocking the Bottom out of the according to the motto of the National Bible, " "Letting the Daylight into Bible Institute, "Aggressive-Evan- Hell," "Revealing the Fake of Chris- gelism-Every-Day-in-The-Year." tianity, " etc. Meetings have been conducted on the street corners for "I never believed in the Bible or the avowed purpose of denying God Jesus Christ lmtil I started to come and His Word. Some of them open to these meetings, but you fellows with the most blasphemous parodies have got me now," said a young man on Christian hymns. after he had at.tended our meeting at While all this devilish influence has been at work, some Christians, utterly Wall Street for two weeks. Punctuunconscious of the appalling dangel' ally at the appointed hour the meetto which their boys and girls are sub- ing is opened and within a short jected, seem content to attend the regular church sel'Vice and occasion- time there is a regular constituency who gather day after day to hear the 8!lly contribute something toward the support of missionaries in the foreign Gospel message. As by constant fields but are indifferent to the great hammering the rock is broken, so by opportUnity and tremendous need at hearing the message day after day their own door. the hardest hearts have yielded to the claims of God.-The Bible Today.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY MISS FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, NEW YORK MAY AGAIN * But the story is incomplete and the By LESLIE PINOKNEY HILL impression misleading if we refer only to the plan for the physical en- Again the southeru winds at ease joyment. In increasing numbers, Caress the blossom·laden trees, women and men are seeking resorts While 0 'er the heavens gay which provide, not only rest. and Is writ in gold and hues of wine A brightly blazoned seript divine- recreation for the body, but mtel- May COme.9 again, sweet May. lectual and spiritual contacts as well.

Again what glories wake the dawn, Those desiring this threefold bene- And how old warrior trouble, wan fit we invite to a contemplation of the And weak, is driven out; places and programs of the Schools. With what clear throats the sparrows sing, of Missions affiliated with the Coun- cil of Women for Home Missions. How musical the drone bee's wing, In seventeen different centers of our And how the children shout!

But sweeter than an nature rife country, as you find r~corded b~low, With Bong and bloom that zest of life these Schools are bemg sustamed. The places of location are, many of Which fills the spirit up them, of such wondrous charm as to With joy new·born of homely food And peaee that whispers "God is good,"

And overruns my cup. attract thousands not drawn by the In coat of hope-and·courage clad, spirit of missions. I am a bold Sir Galahad, Other thousands are no less ap- On quests that cannot fail, preciative of Nature's call, but to For with elear vision now I see them the challenge of the complicated That one who daily walks with me and perplexing problems facing the Holds up the Holy Gxail. Church today has become irresistible.

SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS In 1922 over 7,100 were registered in attendance upon the Schools of Mis- By FRANCES MAOMILLAN FERGUSON sions affiliated with the Couneil. The Chairman of the Committee on Schools of attendance is increasing and other se('tions are requesting the establish- Missions Council of W(}men for Home , Missions From my window I have been look- ing of Schools. . . ing upon the fast falling snowflakes, myriad upon myriad being added to Program commIttees are un~easm.g­ the already bountiful provision. Turning from the lure of Winter's ly a;lert to provide that whlch wlll charms to peruse a [etter from a friend, I find that one of the principal prove truly helpful in equipping for topics is where and how we shall spend the coming vacation season. service. Women, gifted in the art of While still "snowbound," and wrestling with fuel administrators l.est we teaching, are responding with marked shiver unduly, we are plannmg to avoid the heat of summer. devotion to the numerous requests for leaders in the study of the textbooks.

Not only is the subject matter clearly and logically presented, but the text is both illuminated and supplemented by the results of reading and research, furnishing those in attendance upon the classes program material sufficient • This poem by a Negro poet is found in The to challenge the most intellectual Wings of Oppression. It Is copyrighted by The womi'n of any community.

Stratford Company who have kindly given per- The Schools also provide classes in mission to the Council of Women for HOIl!e methods both for adult and for junior Missions to reprint several poems from thIS groups.' No program is complete volume; others may be found in the November issue of the REVIEW.-EDITOR, 392 without classes in Bible study, and Where I may climb and drink the pure trained Bible teachers are more and llew day, more in demand. The missionary textbooks afford new treasures for re- And see where winds away search each year. The pnth that God doth send me, shining Among the most delightful experi- clear.

-Edward Rowland Sill.

ences in attendance upon a School of HOME MISSIONS INSTITUTE, Missions are the personal contacts, CHAUTAUQUA and some of the most enriching of these are afforded by the presence of By FIU~(lES MAOMILLAN FERGUSON home missionaries. How vitally they Chairman of the Committee on Chautauqua, relate us to their various fields of Couucil of Women for Home MissioIll!

service! Beginning on Saturday, August The pr[)gram of a School of Mis- eleventh, and continlling through sions is not. a static thing but 'one of Friday, the seventeenth, the Home constant growth and development. It Missions Institute under the direction is a reservoir of instruction, method of the Council of Women for Home and suggestion. The thousands of Missions will be held at Chautauqua, women in attendance each year upon New York.

some School of MiS1>ions are so many Hundreds of women will be present human channels conducting the in- and register as participants in this spiration and instruction received school for the study of missions and into the places of personal contacts, training for leadership. Very many refreshing fields of opportunity with if not everv state in our Union win deeds of loving service. be repres;nted, and many lands The task of the Church in the home- across t.he sea. We may with a great land is almost overwhelming; the degree of accuracy use the words of . enemy seems to have eome in like a the apostlel in describing the assem- blage of women at Chautauqua for flood. But in the great phalanx of our Home Missions Institute that they trained Christian workers may we are "from every nation under not see the Spirit of the Lord lifting heaven. " up a standard against the forces of evil? One need not assume the role of a The Horne Mission theme for the prophetess in speaking thus conficoming year is "Saving America dently of that which has not yet come through Her Girls' and Boys." This to pass.. ,Ve are but anticipating the subject of vital interest should compel future in measure as. the experience the attendance of women in greater of the past jnstifies. In this confinumbers than ever before in the dence the Chautauqua Committee of Schools of Missions, where under the Council of ,Vornen for Home Mistrained leadership the possessions and sions is planning for the summer of possibilities of "our second line of 1923.

defence" will be reviewed. ,Vill you The program has not yet assumed be there to participate in the review? sufficiently definite form ·for publica- tion but in the indistinct outline we A BRIGHT HILLTOP see many good things in store for Not some dread cavern, hoar with dank and those in attendance. The study of mould, the current textbooks for adult and for junior groups, always. occupying, Where I may creep, and in the dark and p,erhaps, the center of the arena of cold i~te'rest, will be led by those fuBy qualified for the task. The very fre- Offer some awful incense at a shrin!) That hath n(} more divine Than that 'tis from Life, and stern and old.

But a bright hilltop in the breezy air quently expressed desire for the study Fresh with the morning sunshine, high of methods hal': borne fruit and this and clear, year a class in methods under a thor- 5

oughly approved leader will be a new 8-Mrs. Elijah Barton, 4259 Linden feature of our program. Young wom- Hills Boulevard, Minneapolis, Minn. en's work will be emphasized. De- Mt. Hermon.. Oalifornia-June 24-30-Mrs. nominational rallies and eonferenees Paul Riymond, 90 Santa Moniea Way, are being planned. San Francisco, Oalifornia. Mountain Lake Park, Maryland-July 30· The Chautauqua Committee earnest- Aug. 6-Mrs. May Leonard Woodruff, ly requests that as many home miS,. Allendale, N. J. sionaries as possiMe will plan to be New Orleans, Louisiana- November- Mrs. W. B. Sommerville, 1718 Palmer present during the week of the Insti- Avenue, New Orleans, La. tute. Their presence and their liv- Northfield, Massachusetts–July 5-13-Mrs. ing, vital messages are an inspiration. T. Raymond St. John, 341 Webster Avenue, Long Island City, N. Y. The Chautauqua Institution has Oklahoma City, Oklahoma-June 4-9-Mrs. very generously accorded to our Insti- Frank Hampton Fox, 1946 W. Park, tute the privilege of placing a speaker Oklahoma City, Okla. in the amphitheater four mornings St. Petersburg, Florida-.Tan. 28-Feb. 2- Mrs. G. W. Cooper, 250 Fifth Ave. N., at the ten-forty-five hour. The un- St. Petersburg, Fla. usual privilege and opportunity which Southern California (Los Angeles)-June this affords of extending the influence 4·8-Mrs. Q. G. Rowley, 181 S. Virgil of home missions in this place of al- St., Los Angeles, California. most universal assemblage is gratify- Wilson College, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania ing indeed. Four great missionary -June 28-July 6-Miss Mary O. Pea· addresses may be anticipated. coe.k, Torresdale, Pa. Winona Lake, Indiana-June 18-25–Mrs. The New York Symphony Orches- R. M. Peare, 5759 Winthrop Avenue, tra will give a concert each evening Chicago, Ill. and on Wednesday afternoon. Other features, speeial in eharacter, are Home Missions Institute being planned and we believe we are safe in promising to all who come to Conducted by Council of Women for Home Chautauqua, August eleventh to Missions seventeenth, the opportunity of instruC'tion and training under skilled Date and ChaW-man for 19183 leadership, the most wholesome and delightful fellowship and entertain- Chautauqua, New York-Aug. 11-17-Mrs. ment in harmony with the spirit of John l"erguson, 10 Sterling Avenue, White Plains, N. Y. missions. PRAY-GIVE-GO Schools of Missions Three things the Master hath to do, Affiliated with the Oouncil of Women for. And we who serve Him here below Home Missions And long to see His Kingdom come May Pray or Give 01' Go. Dates and (Jlwirmen, for 19183 He needs them all,-the Open Hand, Bethseda, Ohio-August 7·10-Miss Mary I. The Willing Feet, the Praying Heart To w ,1<: together and to weave Scott, 310 Tomlinson Ave., Moundsville, A three-fold cord that shall not part.

W. Va. . Not all can Go; not all can Give To speed the message on its way, Boulder, Colorado-June 20-28-Mrs. A. A. But young or old, or rich or poor, Or strong or weak-we all can pray- Reed, 670 Marion Street, Denver, Colo. Pray that the gOld·:filled hands may Give Dallas, Texas-Sept. 23-28-Mrs. L. P. To arm the others for the fray; That tbos'} who hear the call may Go; Smith, 1933 Drexel Drive, Dallas, Texas. And Pray-that other hearts may Pray!

De Land, Florida-Feb. 4-9-Mrs. John W. -Selected.

Smock, 320 N. Boulevard, De Land, Fla. THOSE WHO GO Houston, Texas – Oct. 1-5 – Mrs. O. C. For those who go, Lord, hlessed days Of song and service, prayer .and praise; Weaver, 6709 Sherman Street, Houston, The strength to labor, and the graee To meet I'ach care with smlling faee. Texas. Thy faithful friendship may they know; Thy blessing, Lord, on those who go. Illinois-Missouri (Greenville, m.)-July 17· 21-Mrs. J. D. Bragg, 638 Oakwood Ave., Webster Groves, Mo.

Lake Geneva, Wisconsin-.Tune 25-July 2- Mrs. R. M. Peare, 5759 Winthrop Ave- nue, Ohicago, Ill.

Minnesota (Minneapolis-St. PauI)-June 3-

Woman's Foreign Mission

Editorial Committee: MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY, .A.urcE M. Kn,E, GERTRUDE SCHULTZ When you receive the May number Honorable ,Japanese Fan," by Marga- of the REVIEW the study books for the ret Applegarth. This will provide a year will be ready for you. study book and a story book for the Weare to make the closer acquaint- Juniors from ten to fourteen years of ance of our nearest neighbor, Japan, age. Sunday-school classes, Mission this year, through several new books. Bands, Christian Endeavor societies The Senior book, "Creative Forces will find it fascinating. Everybody in Japan," is by Galen Fisher, who knows what a baseball fan is. Miss has done a fine piece of work for the Applegarth believes that we must have Y. M. C. A. in Japan. Its chapters enthusiastic boys .and girls who know give an idea of the scope of this book. why we should be warm friends to all 1. Assets and Liabilities of the Japanese the boys and girls in old Japan. In her "Suggestions to Junior Leaders" People.

2. Militarism, Reaction and Liberalism. Miss Applegarth will show how to use 3. Social Pa'oblems and Christian Solutions. this delightful book. Those who wish 4. Religious Resources and Problems. 5. Epochs and Achievements of the Christian to make it into lessons may do so, those who prefer to dramatize it will Movement.

6. The (Jhallenge of Today and Tomorrow. have no trouble in following Miss Miss Charlotte DeForest, president Applegarth's suggestions. Chapter of Kobe College, has written the book headings are: for women and gIrls. It is called, Introduction: Wanted-A Fan. "The 'Woman and the Leaven in Japan, " and has a very artistic Japa- 1. The Basket that Opened a Door. "",. nese cover, designed by a Japanese 2. On the Wings of a Paper Prayer. ……

3. A8tonishing J apaneae Prints.

4. The Honorable Inside·of·the·House.

artist. Miss DeForest has brought 5. After Five Sleeps; or the Worm That Turned. into this book so much of interest and 6. Butterflies and ABO's. charm that we believe many will come to a' new understanding and apprecia- Miss Gertrude Schultz is preparing tion of Japanese women who are de- the "How to Use" for "The Woman veloping into one of the most impor- and the Leaven in Japan" with a tant factors in the new Japan. This series of " Outlines of Creative Forces book is illustrated with an unUlmwl in Japan." She will suggest plans collection of beautiful photographs for study classes and will also fur- which are reproduced, twenty-four of nish programs for the monthly meet- them, to illustrate her chapters. ing of the 'Women 's Missionary So- 1. Then and Now. cieties.

2. The Japanese Family System.

3. The Lif~ of a Girl in Modern Japan. Do Yon Kno….. EVERYLAND7 4-. Women's Colleges in Japan. 5. Fields Where Japanese Women Have This is the child of the Central Committee on the United Study of Succeeded.

6. What Christian Women Are Doing in Foreign Missions. It aims to provide Japan. good stories and pictures for boys and Last, but not least, comes "The girls of all ages, not just the very little children, although they have a The prices of th e books are: the Senior book, in paper, 50 cents, p()stpaid, and in cloth, page or two. It is a magazine of 75 cents, postpaid; for the Junior book, In World Friendship. The only world 13ap-er, 40 cents, in cloth, 65 cents. uHow to friendship thus far possible has been Use" and "Suggestions," 15 cents each.

895

that established on the teachings of sibilities. Will you undertake to cir- J eSllS through missions. Everyland culate EveTylund? Write to West carries closely this thought and en- Medford, Mass., and get sample copies deavors to help boys and girls. in all and suggestions. See what you can do the countries of the world to know immediately, for only as the magazine and understand and like each other. succeeds in getting on a fair basis this We talk a great deal about plans and year can it hope to go on. leagues to prevent war. We shall never do it by leaving pe0p'le without THE WORD IS JOYI the knowledge that will help them to appreciate their neighbors in other Everybody must share in the joy lands until they are grown men and that has come to the women who have women. Germany began to train chil- held the outposts in China, India and dren in militarism when they were Japan. It was such a delight to be from eight to ten years of age. Why able to cable them that the Woman's are we ilOt training children as lovers Union College campaign wo,s over and of ppacr and goodwill 1 I do not know their buildings were assured. of any reason except that we do not take the trouble. Now the letters are coming back and we realize what it will mean to them. Here is a magazine ready for you Are you not glad you helped? at $1.50 a year. It is expensive, to produce, for w'~ pay for the best stories From Mrs. Alice B. Frame, of and pictures. It cannot possibly pay Yenrhing College, Peking, comes the for itself without a large circulation. following: What will you do to stimulate the circulation of Everyland this year? "I'm' sure you will excuse a borrowed What is to hinder your taking it in typewriter, and even red ink, for it is all your Sunday-school; a subscription that is at hand, and I simply must write you for each class? Get it into your Pub- at once of our joy over the news that was brought by your cable this morning. lic Library. One of the best libraries 'JOY' seems a pale word. Ever since in America has subscribed for twenty- January 1st, we had been on the watch for four copies. "Ve actually have more a cabl e from you. The college girls would subscriptions today from Public Li- ask wistfully, now and then, 'Has any word braries than we have through anyone come–yet T' for they seemed to have felt of our Mission Boards, and yet this that when we cabled the $1,200 l'Ifex. which magazine, which includes Home and they had made by heroic exertions in giving Foreign Missions, is intended to meet 'Much Ado about Nothing,' before the the needs of Mission Boards which can- end of the year, that perhaps it had comnot afford to pllblish denominationally pleted the three million dollars! So we a magazine of the quality that wiH waited and waited, hope ebbing a little lower attract growing boys and girls. Sup- each day, though it just seemed to me that pose you take a little trouble for this after all the labor and prayer that have been enterprise and make it a success. put into raising that fund, it simply aoUld There will never be any money in it, not fail. And all my letters from home for we cannot obtain advertising for friends, from California to, Massachusetts, a children's magazine, but it might be had told of the superhuman effort you and created self-supporting and will, we Dr. Scudder and others had been making. hope and pray, save life through world friendship during the impressionahle So when this IDo.rning the stately old gateand unprejudiced years of childhood man brought in a cable I opened it quite and youth. Some of you who read this indifferently; but I was fairly petrified may regret that you cannot do great with joy when I read those magic words, things for the Master. Perhaps you 'Fund completed.' It was almost time are less active than you were. Here for the bell which marks the end of the is a simple, easy task with great pos.- class period, so I flew for our big Yenehing flag, sent word to all the teachers to come into the central court in front of the library when the bell rang, and ordered the funny old bellringer to ring the bell as he never rang it before! He did! And the girls came pouring out of the laboratories and class-rooms, trailing note-books and pencils, with puzzlement all over their faces as they saw me waving the cable on the library steps, and the blue and gold Yenching ban- ner waving beside me. 'Come,' I called,

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

'Come and hear the news I' And they came, in fatigue and strain and how marvelously crowding up excitedly. So then I told them. you have carried through this wonderful And they did what I have never seen re- achievement. served, dignified Chinese students do before, -they just jumped up and down, and "To us, of comse, it is just like a wonclapped their hands, and began to sing, derful dream, but we keep reminding our- 'Yenehing will shine tonight '-thongh I selves that it is true. Thanks that cannot think there were lump' in their throats just be expressed in words are all we can offer as there was ill mine, for the pretty tUlle to yOll and all who worked with you and to sounded a little husky. And then they said the Christendom of America. I think of again, 'Tell us again how much it is I' and so many whom I personally know who have then they clapped again, and burst into the toilet! and worked so splendidly for us and real Yenehing song, in stately Chinese. If it is a great joy to remember their names you could have seen tbe solemn-glad look on and faces. their faces as their voices rose and fell in that quaint Chinese music with its words of , 'Of course, there is another side to it, fervent loyalty to their beloved Yenching; and we do deeply feel the ;responsibility. if you could have heard their burning If so many in America trust us so much we prayers of gratitude in their little prayer- must indeed see to it that the College proves groups that night … itself worthy of the trust.

, 'I musn't write more. I fear it all "Thanks more than I can say." RounLis rather incoherent and confused. But I am only trying to say thank you I " Ginling cables "Gktd Gratitude." Dr. Scudder, of Vellore Medical Miss Florence Nichols, of Isabella School, is here and has helped to bring Thoburn College, Lucknow, India, about this happy ending. writes: A LITERARY TREASURE CHEST " Just as our 'College Day' closed yesterday I received your wonderful cable- The Federation Committee on gram. I think you have done remarkable Christian Literature is glad to present work to have got the whole amount of money. its latest ward to the readers of the I am sure all Our Colleges are deeply grate- REVIEW. Although less than a year ful to you, we are especially so, because am old, this chrld is outgrowing her buildings were all started and we were clothes and the anxious parents are doubtful whether we would :finish them_ looking eagerly about for the where- Now this welcome news makes us feel that withal to replenish her wardrobe! We we shall be ahle to :finish in good style." commend to yonI' interest and con- sideration thi~ new magazine for boys Dr. A. K. Reischauer, of the Wom- and girls of high school age in India an's Christian College, Tokyo, Japan, -The Tt'easure Chest. says: A million boys and girls of school "Your cable 'Fund Completed' .reached age in India who can read-and no me on Friday and you can imagine what a yonng people's magazine or periodical joy it was to get it. I at once reported till The Treasure CJtest appeared last the good news to all those whom it most July! cone.erns and they join me in congratulating you upon your success aud in thanking you Only a fraction of this million use for your self-sacrificing labors which have English, the rest using one or another marle this success a possibility. I felt like of the ten great language3 of India, sending such a message by cable but I do but as there are some English reailers not want to spend a cent of this precious in each of these language areas, The money that is not necessary. Once more, TreaS'ure Chest first appeared. in Eng- 'Congratulations and Thank You.' " lish as the best way to introduce itself to the whole of India. Already there Miss Eleanor McDougall, of Wom- is such a demand for translations that en's Christian College, Madras, India, it is planned to reproduce it in six of writes: the chief vernaculars as soon as funds are available_ It costs only $300 a "It is really very difficult to Bay any- year additional for each translation! thing to you about the splendid fact con- The editors are chosen and waiting, veyed by your cablegram. Some of us the readers are ready and waitingcould not sleep that night for joy, and I but the money for each translation thought that you at last were sleeping, perhaps. after the strenuous strain and effort of these twenty-seven months. I was with you, you may· perhaps remember, in November, 1920, wheu you first conceived that great idea and I know what it has meant 398 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [May must be provided before the new be secured. Each vernacular edition editions can be attempted. will cost $300 annually.

Did y01t ever think what it would What It Costs mean to learn to read, and then have nothing to rBad't That is the 'case The budget for the English edition with very many young people in India of this" Treasure" is $4,000, of which and it is to meet that need that The the subscription list provides $1,000. Treasure Chest is trying with "things The l<'ederation Comrrittee 011 Chris- tian Literature is asked to give $3,000 new and old" to fill the minds of in 1923. This $3,000 is beyond its India's youth with treasure worthy present resources, so that a special of the Kingdom of Heaven. appeal is being made to interested Its History friends for financial help.

For eight years the plan to meet What Its Readers Say About It this crying need has been thought of A missionary writes: "I have never known in long years in India, any by the present editor, and five years missionary enterprise win such quick and enthusiastic response from Chrisago the Interdenominational Commit- tian and non-Christian alike." .. , An English newspaper in India says, in tee appropriated $500 for this pur- the course of a very favorable press notice, "The whole forms a toute enpose, but pressure of other missionary semble which is simply amazing for the value of three annas (six cents)." work made it impos.<>ible for a mission- …. A missionary's son writes, "I like The Treasure Chest better than any ary to be set aside for this literary magazine I ever saw." … A travel~r writes, "The pictures are so natural venture, till the beginning of last year. I feel as if I were in India again." …

With the meagre $500 (now consider- ably dwin~led, owing to exchange), the magaZlne was launched inearJtuhley~ 1922, "like the frail little lights that the Indian women set afloat on a stream," as the editor put it.

But the currents of God have directed its course and it has reached eacl1 monthly" port" safely with rich and Its Supporters enriching cargo. ' Back of the editor and publishers What It Is there is a committee of Christian o An attractive magazine of twenty- women representing the Federation of Woman's Boards of North Amerfive pages for cboomyspeatintidonsg,irlcs~rwreintht ica, eager to feed the intellectual stories, prize bread-line of starved India. Its name is the Committee on Christian Literaevents and tid~its for little folks; ture for Women and Children in Mis- sion Fields, and it already has literary departments of nature study, "The work in Japan, China and India. Its chairman is Miss Alice 11:. Kyle, 14 Enchanted World" and "The Treas- Beacon St., Boston, Mass. It has appointed Miss Ruth Robinson, ure Chest Exchange"-giving games BangaIore, India, as editor of The Treasure Chest. hobbies and" Bright Ideas" -are very.

popular. The price is two rupees a year, about six cents a month, and it already has over 1,000 snbscribers, WIth a prospect of doubling the num- ber within the first six months. The orig:inal illustrations are provided by Treasure must be put intO' the chest IndIan school boys and girls and the before the children of India can draw entire contents are kept true to Indian it out.

thought and put in Indian setting, A Divine Alchemy transmutes the even though for these first months gifts paid in America into printed there has been only the English page and picture that carry the mes- edition. Vernacular editions are be- sage of the Kingdom to the mind and TinagmpillaannndedHiinndRioams asnooUnradsufuMndasracthai~ heart and scnses of India's girls and boys. .

FROM ,MANY

INDIA again carried off by the Ellore girls Nationalists Qnote Bible and boys in the joint boarding school I N no other presidential speech de- Bible examination. All the children livered at the sessions of the Na- belong to the Scripture Union, and tional Congress of India were there every morning at prayers the portion so many passages from the New Tes- is read by one o'f them and explained tament as in the much-discussed by one of the teachers or myself. "

speech of Mr. C. R. Das at the last An Estbnate of Gandhi Congress.

W The Christian Patriot of Madras RITING of the political situation in India t(}-day, The Harvest says: "The trial scene of our Lord before Pilate was, almost the whole Field makes an interesting comment: of it, quoted from the Fourth Gospel "There are those who condemn the as furnishing the ideal to which Government, and make comparisons Mahatma G,andhi's trial approxi- between the trial of Mr. Gandhi and mated. Then the passage that Jesus that of Jesus Christ. Jesus was came to set father against the son, the charged with sedition against the mother against the daughter, etc., etc., Roman Government, but there was was cited as an authority for the in- not a particle of evidence forthcom- evitable dissensions produced in fam- ing. If Mr. Gandhi had been as sane ilies by the non-cooperation move- as Jesus Christ in his political rela- ment. Then the president exclaimed tionships, India would have been that the Son of God came not to much quieter to-day. It is difficult bring peace but a sword. Our readers to attach moral blame to Mr. Gandhi mayor may not approve of the ap- if he really thought the Government plicabilit,y of these citations from the was 'satanic' and should be over- Gospels to contemporary political thrown. That is a question that he events and personalities; but is it not must settle with his own conscience.

a great thing that the sayings and He did acknowledge that his leader- events of the Gospels should be fixed ship had cost the lives of scores of upon as the principal authorities and people, and he fasted accordingly. He ideals to which our leaders turn where knew that he could not hold in check they are contemplating facts'" the unruly elements to be found in Bible Study in Schools every large center of population, and he ought to have completely stopped SO MUCH of the success of mass his propaganda. But he had called movements depends on the train- into being passions he could not coning of the future leaders, pastors trol, and he was compelled to do what and teachers that it is satisfactory his judgment disapproved. Doubtto hear of the good progress in the less he is glad to be taken away from C. M. S. Schools at Ellore, in the the situation he has created and could Telugu country. Rev. E. Evitt not guide." writes: " We try to lay stress on the spiritual side of school life, and in this Prohibition for Bhopal A we have the hearty support of our DISPATCH from Bhopal, dated February 21, 1923, quoted in the teachers. The children are helped to form habits of Bible study and prayer. Indian Witness, reads: The highest Scripture prizes were "Among the reforms introduced 399

recently by Her Highness the Begum pledge themselves, in the sacred name of Bhopal is total prohibition in the of love, that they themselves will state. Hitherto the state derived a strive to ;Jive always in an atmosphere revenue 01 Rs 4()(),()()() to Rs 5()(),O()() of love, and partieularly: (1) That per annum from liquor contracts." they will love in deed-trying every Bhopal is a Mohammedan state with day to do something that will make an area of over 6,000 miles and a someone else happy and to show some population in 1921 of over one mil- act of courtesv to a member of anlion, ranking next to Hyderabad other community. (2) That they will among the Mohammedan states in love in word-neither speaking harsh- India. The throne has descended in ly to anyone, nor repeating any the female line since 1844. The sultan unkind slander or criticism of any- J ahan Begum succeeded on the death one, least of al'l, a member of another of her mother in June 1901 and is race; but that, instead, they will said to be the only woman ruler in deliberately pass on any kind thing India. In a speech during a recent they hear about anyone else, espevisit to Bhopal, the Viceroy pointed cially one from whom they differ. out that, at the outbreak of the World (3) That they will love in thought- War, Her Highness the Begum placed sending out loving thoughts to all the whole resources of her state at the against whom they bear a grudge, fordisposal of the British crown. His giving any unkindness that may have Excellencv also referred to the re- been done to them, and abstaining forms instituted by Her Highness in from imputing any wrong motive to the interest of her people, showing those from whom they differ. real progress in education, social service and the foundation of a con- MALAYSIA stitutional government. This latest reform is perhaps the most striking The B ..t ..k Mission of all. DOCTOR W~NECK of the Rhen- A Cotnradeship of Love ish Mission in Sumatra has begun a Batak Commentary on the Epistles SOME lovers of India," says the of Paul, having already published Indian Witness, "feeling very Commentaries on Matthew and John. humbly, yet very intensely, their own responsibility, are banding thpm- In Angkola, in the southern porselves together into a Comradeship of tion of the Batak territory, the Sari- Love: a comradeship which shall in- kat Islam is rapidly developing a clude Indian and English, Hindu and Mohammedan consciousness of unity. Mohammedan, Jain and Parsi, Eu- New prayer houses and schools have ropean official and Christian mission- been built and many children have ary, Brahman pundit and humble been taken from mission schools. The laborer, village farmer .and city clerk, situation demands a more comprehenmerchant and professional man. The sive program of Christian education Comradeship is to be neither political if effective resistance is to be offered nor missionary, sectarian nor racial. to this movement. Nor will those who join it have to leave their ordinary daily avocations. Christians in Dutch East Indies It only aims at binding together men and women of good will, who love The following figures are taken India, in a common effort to spread from the yearbook 1922-23, giving the everywhere the happy, trustful at- number of Christians in Dutch Mamosphere of loving kindness. It has laysia: no organization, no office-bearers, and no subscriptions. It has, however, Nederlandsch Zending Genootschap: stringent rules. Those who join it Java ………………….. 13,555 Elsewhere ……………… 3,868 POS80 ••.•….••••••.••.•••• 825 Elsewhere ……………… 7,062 Utrecht Zending Vereeniging: New Guinea …………… . 7,258

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Ralmaheira, ……….. . 8,357 ternational ,Justice and Good Will of 2,542 the l"ederal Council of Churches, (2) Boel'Ye, ……………….. . The Fellowship of a Christian Social 88,351 Sangi en Talaud Com.: Sangi Is………………. .

Rhenish Mission: Order, fostered by Dr. Sherwood Sumatra ………………. . 195,338 Eddy, (3) The 1<'ellowship of Recon- Nias …………………. . 42,193 ciliation, and (4-) The World Alliance for International Friendship Through Mentawi ………………. . 682 Salatiga Mission: Java …………………. . 1,927 the Churche&." Jav,. Comite: 177 Oftlclals and Gentry Baptized SU1l1atl'a .•…••••••••.••…• Java ….. , ……………. . 3,500 MAGISTRATES and officials are Netherlands Zendings Vereeniging: 3,386 1,539 1 prominent in nearly all of the Java …………………. . churches of the American Board Mis- Baptist Society (Dntch): sion in Shensi Province, China. Rev.

.lava …………………. .

Sumatra ………………. . 68 Watts O. Pye writes: "One inter- Gereformeerde Kerken Zending: 3,718 esting development at Mi Chih Hsien 1,289 has been the reaching of a family of Java …………………. . thirty-six members, all of whom are Methodist Episcopal Mission: Java ………………… ..

Converts of Missions ……. . . .. 394,645 now Christians, although not all at Native Protestant Churches in Dutch the time of my visit had been received into the church. They have turned East Indies: over their family temple to become Java. . . …… . . …….. . .. . 9,901 Islands '" .' …………….. 352,146 the chapel for their village. The Native Roman Catholics. …. .. . .. 38,530 county magistrate at Mi Chih Hsien Total Church Members …….. 795,222 was baptized at the time of my visit. He is a fine type of man and is setting Among the adult church members an example which is new to the the converts from Islam number about thought of many people in the con- 37,526 in Java alone and there are duct of the gcrvernment officials. He 8,000 in other islands, making a total religiously observes Sunday, his of 45,526 Christian converts from Is- yamen being closed on that day, and lam. all official business is obliged to wait until Monday. He and his wife at- CHINA tend church services regularly, and he gives his whole-hearted support to Peace Movement in China the work of the church. In his great room he has a number of' Scripture ~~THE present attitude of the Chi- posters which we supply to our nese people towards Peace Move- churches, while in his guest hall he has put up a great variety of Chrisments is one of watchful and cautious tian tracts and posters, and every waiting. Furthermore at present the guest who comes receives an explanafear of international control tends to tion of Christianity. .. Seven or eight throw the balance of opinion rather of the leading gentry of the town who against than for Peace Movements. have been coming to a fuller under- Yet, Christians in China must do standing of the Christian life have more than sit on the fence. And we decided to take together the new step are persuaded that after further re- of uniting with the church." flection they will." The recent visit of Dr. S. L. Gulick, representing the Federal Council of Churches is the occasion of these remarks by the Chinese Recorder, which goes on to say: "The situation, however, as to how Oooperative Movements in China F the Christian forces in China should ROM Mukden to Wuchang, and Sianfu to Chefoo came some sixty participate in the International Peace Movement is complicated. by the Chinese and foreign delegates of many fact that four such movements from different missions and churches, at the the West are moving into China. invi~ation of our School of Theology, These are (1) The Commission on In- to dISCUSS the problems of theological

education here in Tsinan a few days province, a police superintendent, ago. Men from practicarlly all the lawyers, and officials of various kinds theological seminaries and Bible made public decisions."

schools in North China lent their help to the discussion of what should be Bolshevism in China M done in training Chinese men and RS. M. E. F. DAVIES writes in the C. M. S. Review of condiwomen, not only for the primary tasks of pastoral and evangelistic work, but tions that constitute "a world menalso in the field of religious education ace." She says.: "Bolshevism has and social service. become so popular that imprisonment Nowhere in the world has there no longer threatens its followers, and been more advance made in interde- a party of sixty men, including teachnominational work, than in parts of ers as well as students, recently went North China, our own University hav- to Russia to study the Soviet at first ing now eleven different denomina- hand." There could hardly be better tional agencies snpporting it. Definite soil for revolutionary propaganda plans have now been made for the than China at the present time. The union of the North China Medical universal misery has caused deep dis- School for Women with our School content with the results of the revoof Medicine, and its removal to Tsinan lution, and faith in democratic govin the near future. The coming of ernment by representation has waned. women students into the School of "It would be no exaggeration to say Medicine will probably necessitate that ninety-five per cent of the rural their admission into the Pre-medical population of China, judging the Department and thus lead very soon Chinese Republic by results, think to co-education in all departments and now that the overthrow of the emschools of the University.-Shantung pire wa~ a criminal mistake." The Christian University Notes. merchants and town folk also find repUblicanism a dis.mal failure, for Decisions in China they see ou the one hand a futile ~~CHINA is dead ripe." This is Parliament engaged in squabbling, the verdict of E. Stanley .Jones, and on the other rapacious military of India, who accompanied Sherwood governors, who fleece the people, en- _Eddy in his three months' evangelistic courage their vices that they may tour through the chief cities of China. make money out of them, and allow He savs in the Christian Advocate: brigandage to continue unchecked. "In rigard to the attitude of the edu- The younger men of the intellectual cated classes of India compared with cla&'l, who had the chief share in those of China we are ten years be- bringing about the revolution pf 1911, hind in India. After the struggle and are asking in despair: 'What shall strife of things in India it seemed be done" and the Russian agents of almost too easy to get men to decision Bolshevism are at hand with an anin China… The last thing that we swer. " saw as we steamed out of Hong Kong leaving China was Morrison's Hill. Tibet-A Challenge I thought of how he worked for years HARLES R. KOENIGSWALD, without a convert. Here we had been C one of the workers of the Chris- able to see more than 3,000 in the tian and Missionary Alliance in Tibet, three months. In addition to these caBs the present "the golden hour of 3,000, others signed up for Bible the Church's opportunity" there. He classes. They were the very cream of writes in The Alliance Weekly: "The China's life too–the young men and attitude of the priests towards us as women of the colleges and schools. missi onaries of the '.Jesus religion'

Some officials such as a marshal in has changed very materially since the the army, a police commissioner of a humiliation of the Tibetan by the

1923J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Mohammedans. Even as recently as ures against "dangerous thoughts"

seven years ago the missionaries were concerning communism and Bolshe- not allowed to remain in Labrang vism have the natural effect of arous- more than one night. Now it is the ing a keen interest in them. Dr.

privilege of three of us to make our Sherwood Eddy, in his recent tour of home here, living in rooms rented in .Japan, says he was frequently asked one of the inns of the' place. We vis- by his audiences for information ited the leading ecclesiastic of North- about the Russian soviets. The poliee east Tibet, who appointed a ',living authorities are now agitated over the Buddha' to show us around the students of higher schools who wish to monastery. At that time we were help on the emancipation of the pro- admitted into buiMings where no letarians. A Tokyo university asso- foreigner had been before, and looked ciation is planning to unite all organi- upon images hitherto hid from the zations in other universities, colleges, gaze of unholy eyes. F()r the purpose and high schools, which are interested of renting larger quarters where we in the welfare of the working classes, might live until our own compound is into one "Free Students' Associa- erected, we recently called on two of tion. " The authorities seem to regard the leading officials in the monastery. this as a communistic affair, and are They were very kind to us and prom- carefully watching the movement.

ised to do what they could to help us. We ha:ve been also struck with the Good Will in Japan mute appeal of a waiting people. " D R. SIDNEY L. GULICK, Secre- tary of the Commission on In- Marauders in West China ternational Justice and Good Will of T HE Chienchang valley forms the the Federal Council, has been making main road between Szechuan and an extended tour in both China and Yunnan. In spite of its dangers and Japan. In the latter his itinerary the constant inroads made by the was in charge of a joint committee, Lolos among whom as yet no mis- representing the Federation of sionary work is carried on, it is at- Churches, the Federation of Mistractive to the Chinese because of its sions, the W orId Alliance for Interfertility. During the past year 23, national Friendship Through the villages have been burned down and Churches, the Japan Peace Society, 1,700 Chinese have been carried away the League of Nations Association, the captive by these tribes people. The Woman'8 Peace Society, the Y. M. sight of burned, pillaged, and depopu- C. A., the Y. w. C. A., the Associalated villages is described by Dr. tion for Reduction of Armaments and Smith, the Swedish botanist who re- the W. C. 'f. U. Dr. Gulick lays cently visited this valley. He tells special emphasis upon the. contribuof passing village after village from tion which the Christian movement in which the inhabitants had been car- the Orient is making toward the reried off en masse to the mountains to conciliation of Japan, Korea and be slaves and servants to the wealthy China. In the Japan Adverliser he is Lolos, who as yet have never been quoted as saying in an interview: subjugated by Chinese soldiers. "If the military policy of Japan in JAPAN-OHOSEN 1915 had been continued until the "Dangerous Thoughts" in Japan present day, Shantung today would be as mu('h a part of Japan as is UNDER the title "New Days and Kor.ea. The permanent barracks, New IJeadership," a recent con- wireless stations and hospitals erected tributor to the Mainichi writes of the at Tsinanfu are evidences of the devital need in Japan of "real leader- cision of the militarists to make the ship with vision." The Japan Chron- occupation of Shantung permanent. icle also shows how the panic meas- All these have been handed over to

China, however, and today everything or to provide the dress materials. In points to a new era in the relations November the dolls were collected, between Japan and China." and an exhibit was held at which two hundred and fifty pairs of almond Self-Support in Japan eyes took their last excited look at ONE of the most significant signs seventy dolls in soft, bright kimonos of Christian progress in Japan is before starting them on their long the rapidly increasing number of self- journey to the Cumberland Mounsupporting churches. For example, tains. When Miss Pierson handed in the Hokkaido district at the spring these out to her little p'upils in the meeting of presbytery in 1921 it was school at Christmas time, their joy thought that possibly within the next was unbounded. Thus another link three years three of the churches was welded to bind America and might be able to place themselves on Japan tog'ether."

the self-supporting roll. But within Fruits of the Gospel just a few months the churches at THE following scattering items Nokkeushi, Takigawa and Engaru had from Chunju, Korea, show some become independent, assuming fun of the fruits of the Gospel, which was responsibility for their work. At first preached there twenty-nine years Takigawa the impetus toward self- ago; The first group of Christians support became active when the mis- baptized in Chunju numbered five, sion board. was not able to provide an one of whom was a boy of twelve, who increase for necessary evangelistic is now a pastor. The Korean Assistwork. Prices were "sky-high" at ant Principal of the Boys' School is that time, hut Takigawa congregation a Chunju bQY, a member of the West found, to the surprise of its, members, Gate Church, and a graduate of the that it could easily increase its month- Imperial University of Tokyo. The ly contributions· to the self-support first church in Chunju was a strawbasis. roofed, mud-walled building, seating Japanese Dolls for American Girls about sixty persons. It has been re- MANY a little girl in an American placed by a tile roofed brick veneer Sunday'school has dressed a doll builrling, with a'seating capacity of as a Christmas gift to be sent to the about nine hundred. In a country Far East, but who has heard of congregation there is a family in Christmas dolls sent from the Orient which the children have the following to American children Y Here is the names: The eldest, a, girl, "Sorrowstory; "A personal letter was re- ful"; the second, a girl, "Godceived by Miss Grace Curtis, one of given" ; the third, a boy born on the teachers in the Sapporo Girls' Christmas. and therefore named" Joy- High School in Japan, from her aunt, fnl Day." It is easy to guess when who is a missionary among the moun- this family became Christian.

taineers of West Virginia, telling of how some of her little school children Recommends but Cannot Accept A had offered all their savings for a tinyLTHOUGH he cannot accept it himself because he is high priest Japanese doll she had received. A girl from each class in the Sapporo of his family clan, a former minister school, after having been told of the of edueation in Korea is warm in his life of the mountaineel1S, presented recommendation of the New Testa- its various phases to an interested and ment and its teachings to his friends,.

enthusiastic student body. When an Some time ago a missionary worker oP'Portunity was given after the meet- presented the man with a c0P'Y of the ing, there was a stampede to sign up New Testament and asked him to read either to dress little Japanese dolls it. The missionary had some doubt in for these mountaineer school children, his heart, however, about the man's

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

doing so, and was' surprised when he Easter in Honolulu later visited the town and called on the clan chief again, for the former THE Honolulu Ad Club pays the ·minister responded emphaticaLly: following tribute to a deceased "Read it? How could I help reading member: it T I read it clear through. If we all Jived by it, what a good world this " .Johnny Martin was poor and of would be." But the man could not lowly station, yet he carried the gospel come out and avow Christianity. "I of kindlinc.<;s into the byways of Honoam in a difficult position," he said to lulu for years. He held weekly servthe missionary. « As high priest of our ices in the penitentiary and the clan it is my duty to offer sacrifice to 00unty jail. Always he found some the spirits of our ancestors. I cannot way, frequently made practical by Ad easily profess Christianity, but I do Club backing, to aid those less forturecommend it to my neighbors and nate than himself. It was he who have advised my nephew to believe." originated the now annual· and very splendid custom of sunrise Easter ISLANDS OF THE SEA services on PunchbowL" One who was present at this service in 1922 Church Union among Filipinos writes of it: "We saw Buddhists, Taoists, Shintoists, Methodists, Chris- REV. F'RANK C. LAUBACH, tian Scientists, Congregationalists, Ph.D., missionary of the American Mormons, Catholics and pagans there Board in the Philippines, writes of .. , The Royal Hawaiian Band played two aspects of the movement toward and Governor Farrington read the church ullion there: "A meeting was Scripture. The multitude joined in held recently of represesntatives of all 'All Hail the Power of Jesus' Name.' the mission boards but one to lay plans Then, while all stood reverent in the for a United Christian Church of the morning stillness, an impressive Philippines. It is to be Congrega- pageant was enacted depicting the tional in government and to ignore events of the first Easter morning. entirely the question of doctrine. The There in that rugged setting, looking meeting voted unanimously to submit down on the far-spread city of Honothis to the churches for their con- lulu, Christ was exa;ted against the sideration. I predict that a United glory of the dawn as it broke over the Christian Church of the Philippines horizon of the mid-Pacific!" will be a realitv within one or two years. At the G~nference, which just NORTH AMERICA closed here at Baguio, consisting of representative students, the greatest Life Service in Home Missions Filipino Christian leaders in the Islands solemnly decided to establish THE Student Fellowship for Chrisa United Christian Filipino Church, tian Life Service, which seeks to if the missionaries did not beat them present home missions as a life servto it. The most astounding fact about ice to the students of our American this meeting was that Roman Catholics colleges and universities, completed in demand that this united Filipino February its first year. There has church shall include them. Not, of been appointed an Advisory Council course, as a denomination. They are of men and women representing the perfectly clear that the Roman Cath- Home Missions Council and the Counolic organization will never unite with cil of 'Nomen for Home Missions, Council of Church Boards of Educathe rest of us, but there are thousands tion and other religious agencies, to upon thousands of nominal Roman act in an advisory capacity with the Catholics who will never come into Executive Committee of students. any Prote~tant denomination but who will join a movement of this kind. " The Fellowship was effectively pre- sented at student conferences all over the country last summer. This spring regional and group Student Fellow-

ship conferences are being held at front rank so far as preponderance in which regional committees are being Slavic population is concerned. These appointed. The Southern Regional Slavic groups are. highly organized Conference was to be held at Atlanta, both locally and nationally. The press Georgia, April 6-8. In the East there is a powerful force in moulding pub-' were to be conferences at Yale Uni- lie opinion among them. Religiously versity, New Haven, Connecticut, they belong to the Greek, Eastern April 20-23, and at Pennsylvania Orthodox, Greek and Roman Catholic State College, State College, Pennsyl- churches, with a few Protestants, some vania, April 13-15. fanatical sects, and a few Moham- medans. -Christian Century.

Methodist Budget for Year A FTER an all-day discussion, the Christian BusinellS Men Organize Council of the Boards of Benevo- ~~T HE writings of Roger Babwn lence of the Methodist EpiscopaJ. and other leading Christian lay- Church, including Bishops, Board Secretaries, other ministers and lay- men have led to stirrings of heart in men to the number of 150, decided at many cities," says The Christian Cenits meeting in Chicago, January 24th, tury. The Christian Business Men's Federation was organized recently on that the annual needs of the Church – a national basis at Kansas City. Arfor all benevolences were $28,045,173, and that the Church should be asked, rangements for the first national conon the apportionment basis, for $18,- vention to be held in Detroit are being pushed with vigor. The new orgillliza- 500,000. The amounts were recom- tion will seek to apply the Golden mended by a special committee of Rule to modern life and when in twenty-five, of which the Rev. David doubt seek the leading of the Holy G. Downey of New York was Chair- Spirit through prayer. The central man and James R. Joy of New York, aim is stated as an effort "to assist Secretary. The largest apportion- men in searching out and applying ments are $6,800,000 each for foreign and home missions. The Board of the laws of God in commercial rela- Prohibition, Temperance and Public tions.' , Morals, which received last year $149,- 284, was apportioned $250,000. . Helping Girl Mothers -New York Times. DURING the past year 13,500 girls Our Slavic Population and babies have been helped by the homes established by the National THE conference on Christian work Florence Crittenton Mission through- among Slavic peoples in America, out the United States. Five of these held in New York under the auspices homes are in New Jersey, and of the of the Committee on New Americans girls in these it is reported: "The of the Home Missions Council and the average age of these girls is less than Council of Women for Home Mis- sixteen years. Some of them are so sions, brought together one hundred young that they did not know what representatives from a dozen denomi- they were doing, others were promised nations. It was stated that in the marriage, a few of the older ones United States there are approximately needed food and shelter and hoped 6,000,000 Slavic immigrants and this would be an easy way to get it. Slavic people of the second generation, while another group were the victimEl distributed as follows: Poles, 3,000,- of brutal assault. We keep the baby 000; Jugoslavs, 1,525,000; Slovaks, with its mother as long as possible- 425,000; Czechs, 400,000; RusroaIlB, always if we can-because her intense 400,000; Ruthenians, 350,000. Penn- love for babies is the greatest help in sylvalJia leads, while New York, bringing the child-mother back to Illinois, Ohio and Michigan are in the right thinking and right Hving."

Hl23] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

A Negro Pledge Women United to Stop L",nching."

DELiN KELLY MILLER of How- The expenses were entirely for propa- ard University quotes the follow- ganda, nobody receiving any salaries. ing pledge, which he says has been "In one day's advertising at least taken by large numbers of Negro students: "I will never bring disgrace five million men and women read the upon my race by any unworthy deed facts and thousands of them for the first time."

or dishonorable act; I will live a clean, decent, manly life, and will ever Orientals in California T respect and defend the virtue and HE First Congregational Church of Los Angeles has been carrying honor of womanhood. I wiU uphold and obey the just laws of my country on for twenty-five years an effective and of the community in which I live work for Chinese, who now have a and will encourage others to do like- church membership of 150. The wise; I will not allow prejudice, in- equipment has been very inadequate, justice, insult or outrage to cower my but plans have now been made for a spirit or sour my soul, but will ever beautiful church building, and the preserve the inner freedom of h~art American Missionary Association has and conscience; I will not allow my- turned over property for it. Money self to be overcome of evil but will is being raised, both among the strive to oyercome evil with good; I Chinese and among the Americans in will endeavor to develop and unceas- Los Angeles, and it is expected that ingly to quick'en the sense of racial within a year the building will be com- duty and responsibility; I will in all pleted. In Dinuba, California, a: new these ways aim to uplift my race, so church buHding has recently been that, to everyone bound to it by ties dedicated by Japanese Christians of blood, it shall become a bond of under the auspices of the M. E.

ennoblement, and not a byword of re- Church, South.

proach. "

The Church in Metlakatla E:lforts to Stop Lynching T T is significant and encouraging to HE unique personality of William Duncan, the pioneer missionary I note, says the Southern Workman, sent to Alaska by the London Missionthe increasing evidence in leading ary Society over forty years ago to Southern papers of frankness in the work among the Indians, has left its discussion of the lynching evil. To stamp upon the Christian community judge by recent emphatic utterances in Metlakatla. Another striking per- in such papers, the people of the sonality, though very different, is that South are feeling strongly the respon- of Edward Marsden, the native Alas- sibiIity placed upon their shoulders kan pastor of the Presbyterian church by the failure of passage of the Dyer which has been organized there since Anti-Lynching Bill. That this is not Duncan's death. Sheldon Jackson merely talk may be judged from the discovered Marsden's ability as a lad, fact that last year in Georgia alone and sent him to school. He worked twenty-two indictments were returned his way through college and seminary against alleged lynchers and four con- in the United States, and then went victions secured carrying penitentiary back to his own people. He is a man sentences. There is no doubt that the of exceptional gifts along several interracial committees of the various lines, and is now directing his people States are helping greatly to bring in the erection of an up-to-date build- ,about this better state of things. A ing at a cost of about $6,000 which campaign against lynching has also could not be duplicated in the States been conducted bv colored women or- for less than $15,000 or $20,000. A ganized as the Anti-Lynching Cru- better organized church it would be :saders. The slogan was "A Million hard to find, for it has its Sunday-

school, its women'8 s{)cieties, its Chris- could be obtained from a neighboring tian Endeavor Society and a prayer- town. Such was the entrance of the meeting circle. Gospel into this town.

LATIN AMERICA Christian E:mployees Wanted Presbyterians in Mexico S EXICO SYNOD is the only na- INCE the war, Colombia is de- M tive body which takes the initia- rate, and new banks, and' offices are veloping commercially at a great tive in evangelistic plans, and one of being opcned, causing great demand the goals set for the coming months is for young men with commercial train- an evangelistic campaign to bring in ing. The Presbyterian Boys' Board- 2,000 new professing Christians dur- ing School at Barranquilla, of which ing the year and a total goal of 15,000 Rev. 'V. E. Vanderbilt, D.D., is prin- members by 1926-the next meeting cipal, met the situation by offering a date. An effort to raise 400,000 pesos complete commercial course.

with which to build a cathedral Before arranging the course a num- church in Mexico City is also planned. ber of the Colombian and foreign 'l'he two Presbyterian mission boards business men were consulted as to having work in the country will be what they would require in a young asked to aid in this object but the employee. Every man laid stress on Mexican Presbyterians themselves, ex- the fact that he wanted honest, de- pect to raise most of the fund. Plans pendable young men who could be have also been started to ceiebrate the trusted and who were capable of ac- twenty-fifth anniversary of the synod cepting responsibility. Perhaps these in 1926 by the organization of a Gen- men didn't realize it, but what they eral Assembly with three synods. really wanted were Christian young -The Continent. men and when thev said how difficult it is to get trustworthy employees, How the Gospel Entered they were admitting the need of Chris- THE bulletin issued by the Presby- tian education. Mission schools are terian Board of Foreign Missions the only ones in this country which tells of a Brazilian pastor and his friend who went to a little town are developing Christians. What an famous for its miracle-working image, opportunity we have and what a privitaking their Bibles with them. They bought a little house, cleaned it thor- lege it is to have even a small part in making the men of a nation.

-Presbyteria,n Magazine.

oughly, and furnished it for a care- New E,… Movement in Chile taker, fitting up the front room for meetings. They then announced by "OUR Chilean New Era Movement handhills that there would be preach- is rolling along toward the end ing of the Gospel at a certain hour. of its third fruitful year," writes Rev. What was the result ~ Instigated by Edward G. Seel of Santiago, Chile.

the priests, a crowd of about 500 per- "Our churches have made great sons gathered together, heaped into progress along the lines of steward- the street everything the house con- ship, evangelistic activity, mission tained, even to the doors and windows, study, family worship, and young peoand madc a big bonfire, including the pIe's work, and it is our hope that Bibles, Testaments, tracts, etc. In the next year we may be ab~e to carry house they scraped off the walls the out both in Sunday-schools and texts which hali been painted thereon. churches the comprchensive program Then someone . shouted out to lynch of seasonal activities that has been the pastor and this cry was quickJy prepared. Our home department, taken up. He was rescued, however, which has become a sort of baby welby a courageous police sergeant who fare bureau, has promoted and pre- kept him safely in jail until help pared material for a monthly study

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

course for mothers in our churches, This conviction is honestly held, but and next year plans to advance we are convinced that it is erroneous further along the line of Christian and that a general ecclesiastical unity ideals in the home, this latter being can best be gained when those who are a form of instruction that is greatly really one in heart, doctrine and as- needed in all Ilatin lands. Among piration come together and maintain the results of the New Era in Chile their individual outlook and make may be mentioned an eighty-five per their joint contribution as one great cent increase in contributions for all Church."

purposes in our churches, five hundred decisions for Christ in the Holy Week CODlDlunist Sunday-schools Simultaneous Evangelistic Campaign ~~WE are not Christians; we are this last year, a hearty interest in members of the revolutionary world evangelization, a stimulating working class. 'We fear no God; we senfle of the unity of all our work in are revolutionary Socialists." This this land, and the setting up of the doctrine is instilled into the pupils at- family altar in hundreds of homes." tending the Red Sunday-schools of the -Record of Christian W ark. Communists in England. Evangelical EUROPE Christendom comments: "The danger New Bible College, London is at our doors, and must be overcome by Christian teaching… Rightly in A NEW tr~ning center for Chris- England, we enjoy great freedom, and tian service was opened in Lon- believe that a safety valve is an ad- don in February. It bears the name vantage. But it is far better to avoid of All Nations Bible OOillege, and danger than to promote it by inac- stands in nineteen acres of ground on tivity. Here and there parents may Beulah Hill, Upper Norwood. This wish to have their children indoc- college has been founded "to equip trinated with anti-Christian commun- students spiritually and physically ism, but the majority of parents desire for missionary life, and to impart their little ones to grow into good men necessary mechanical and technical and women, and in the depths of their knowledge," and Rev. Dr. F. B. Meyer hearts they know that Christ alone is the principal. In view of present- can bring this to accomplishment. The day theological controversies in Eng- best way to defeat the Red Schools is land, the school has issued a doctrinal to work more whole-heartedly for the statement, which is signed by all the Christian Sunday-school."

members of the council.

A Central Protestant Bureau I Methodist Union in England T will be remembered that, as the result of sympathetic help from the ~~THE majority in favor of Meth- odist union among the Wesley- American churches, through the Fed- ans in England shows that the main eral Council, there was held in Copen- body is strongly in favor of putting hagen last summer the first official an end to the divisions that have kept gathering of Protestantism in conti- Methodists in different camps." nental Europe, there being seventy- This is the verdict of Evangelical five delegates present, representing Chri,stendom, which continues: "The thirty-seven church bodies andtwenty- need of a united Methodist witness is one European nations. As the result far more important than the main- of this conference, there has now been tenance of a number of churches that established by the Swiss Protestant are fundamentally at one. The strong- Federation, with headquarters in est opponents of the plan for union Zurich, a Central Bureau of Protes- take their stand on the dread that tantism for Europe, for the immediate Methodist union may put a brake on purpose of securing and coordinating th!l movement for a wider reunion. relief for the needy churches and re- 6

ligious institutions of the Continent. and the Methodist, which, perhaps, The director of this organization is especially hear the call to Russia just Dr. Adolf Keller, Secretary of the now." Swiss Protestant Federation. The Federal Council, with the assistance Religions Work in Spain of its constituent bodies, has' underwritten two thirds of the budget for AT a great conference held in Lonthe Bureau. The Executive Commit- don and participated in by Eurotee is made up of representatives from pean and American Baptists it was the Swiss Federation, the churches agreed that" the Southern Baptist Conin the Scandinavian countries, Hol- vention should be responsible for Bapland, and Great Britain, with Dr. tist missionary work in Spain. Dr. Macfarland as advisory member for W. O. Carver, of the Southern Semthe American churches. iuary at Louisville, writes after a re- cent visit: Bolshevist. and Christianity "Spain is the last stronghold of V ARIOUS reports have come of the mediffi'alism and so of religious and way in which the Bolshevist gov- political bondage. The Catholic ernment is trying to split up the Church glories in Spain, and glories Church and weaken its power in in her shame. Illiteracy is sixty per Russia. Gh ristian lVark comments: cent. Superstition is supreme. For "If it were, simply a matter of split- months, beginning last summer, the ting up the Church or weakening its Church has carried an arm of Francis power as an organization it would not Xavier from city to city throughout be a vital concern. The fact is, how- the COIDltry for 'veneration of the ever, that the Bolshevists apparently faithful.' " really want to destroy part of the noble ideals of self-sacrifice and self- Besides Baptists, there are at work abnegation which are bound up with in Spain missions of the Plymouth real Christianity. If they took the Brethren, Scotch Presbyterians, Engattitude of "Some of our own 'radical' lish Wesleyans, Methodist Episcopal organizations, that of the 1. W. W., (taking over the support of an indefor instance, it would be a different pendent work), Congregationalists of matter. Buch organizations may dis- America, Episcopalians, and a Geragree with the organized Church, but man group Lutheran in fact but unmany of their members accept most denominational in attitude. Together earnestly the essential truth in the it is estimated that there are 10,000 character and in the teachings of evangelkals in the whole country, but Jesus. The 1. W. W. see' Comrade the estimate is not well supported by Jesus' as a great friend to humanity. statistics. All but the Baptists and The best of them want to be friends Episcopalians are somewhat loosely to humanity themselves, and in many associated in the Evangelical Spanish cases, with great sincerity, they look Church. -Watchman-Examiner. to .Jesus as their Leader. But the Bolshevists, in spite of the unselfish- A Revival in Bulgaria ness with ·which they have treated Persia and China and some oftheother REV. PAmJ MISHKOFF, a forneighboring states, have, in general, eign student at the Moody Bible broken down brotherly kindness where Institute, Chicago, writes from Philipthey have dominated. Let no Amer- popoli, Bulgaria, under date of Febican Church become a cat's paw for ruary 15th to the Russia Evangelizathe Bolshevists in their attempt to tion Society of New York, quoting weaken vital Christianity in Russia. from one of the local papers which We send out this appeal especially to describes the evangelj~~ic meetings as the great churches like the Baptist follows: "Nine meetings were held in a great hall in Philippopoli and were ad- dressed bv Rev. Paul L. Mishkoff, representative of the Russia Evangeli-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

zation Society· of New York. The and the languages of India there is great hall, which seats 1,500, was a better showing, but even in these overcrowded. 'fhe people blocked up dominant languages the Moslem press the alleys, the corners, the galleries, is far more Mtive than the Christian the stairs, the entrances and the plat- literature societies. form. 'Vomen and men, parents, business men and officials were in their -The Continent. seats when it was too early yet for the meeting to begin. The Palestine Government "Never have such meetings been T HE (}rgan of the Church Mlllsions held in this, the second capital of Bul- to the Jews, Jewish Missionary In" garia. The multitudes have hungrily telligence, comments with satisfaction taken in the Gospel truth for an hour on the following official statement by and a half evening after evening. Gos- Sir Wyndham Deedes on the relation pel songs can now be heard in the between the Palestine Government st.reets … After the ,last. meeting those and missions: who had resolved to read the Bible and lead a true Christian life were "I hope that in the future, wheninvited to remain. More than four ever there is a British administration, h1mdred 7'emained! New Testaments they will cooperate with the missionand Gospels were given to them and aries and other bodies engaged in raismany asked that the meetings be con- ing the spiritual welfare of the people. tinued." . I do hope that the spiritual side of things will be closely associated with MOSLEM LANDS the administration. It is now the time to effect the only change possible in Literature for Mosle:ms world affairs, that is through religion and Christianity… Our idea is not T HE general field committee of the … to do away with the work of the American Chri"tian Literature So- missionaries. On the contrary we ciety for Moslems met at the American wish for their cooperation. Both the University in Cairo, Egypt, last No- Educational Department and the Pubvember and adopted a report resulting lic Health Department are most gratefrom a year of arduous labor on the ful £01' all the help given by the mispart of various Area Committees. The sionaries during the past year." entire Moslem world popUlation had been divided into twelve language Refugees in Constantinople areas, and the final survey represents the findings from Morocco to western REPORTS from various sources em- China and from Russia to Cape Town. phasize the desperate plight of The chairman of the committee on the the refugees now in Constantinople. field is Dr. F. W. MacCallum of Con- The Orient News speaks of "ten thoustantinople. The survey gave cause sand half-starved women and chilfor gratitude that much had been ac- dren, uprooted from their homes in complished, but also for grief that in Anatolia, waiting to die on the muddy great language areas the total output floors of the Selimieh Barracks stables, of Christian literature is so small and Scutari, unless humanity comes to weak. The 200,000 Christians, for their assistance," and competent obexample, that. speak the Battak lan- servers report to the Near East Reguage in Sumatra and form a solid lief: "Present state of affairs at barrier against. the progress of Islam Constantinople is an outrage ,t~·hu­ all around them among pagan tribes, manity and a serious menace to the have only one pamphlet of a score of health of the world. Effective quarpages that tells of Islam in relation antine is impossible owing to magni" to Christianity. The literature in tude of the problem. Filth and offal, Turkish and in Persian is altogether thrown from disease-laden ships, is inadequate and antiquated. In Arabic devoured by fish, which in turn are eaten by the people of the city. Fish-

ermen are infected from handling fish. Society.' He then purchased several Filthy rags of garments are washed ashore constantly. In refugee camps copies." -C.MB. News. ashore the chances of infection are even greater. For example, 500 per- AFRIOA sons are crowded into stables outside Selemie barracks, mostly insufficiently Christ or 1s11..n clothed, lying either on. b~re ground or on a thin pallet of qmltmg or sack- T HE Wesleyan Methodist Missioning. On one such quilt we saw seven ary Society, according to the people, all ill with typhus and dy- C.M.S. Review, reports the beginning of a mass movement among the Mensentery." dis in the Sierra Leone Protectorate. At Segbwema, the paramount chief, Greek Refugees in Syria all his sub-chiefs, and more than 150 other men enrolled themselves as cate- A TELEGRAM from Beirut, dated chumens on one day, and others after- March 19, 1923, received at the wards followed their example. Near East Relief office, reads: "Sit- Arrangements had been made also for uation at Mersine is desperate. Turks the enrollment of the wife of the parademand immediate departure of 3,000 mount chief, together with the wives Christian refugees there. Otherwise of the sub-chiefs, and other women. they will be forced to return into Ana- The paramount chief of Bunumbu, tolia. Near East Relief Budget for about sixteen miles from Segbwema, Syria is wable to meet expense. also wished to become a Christian and Athens reports Greek government un- to bring all his people with him. Here able to pay cost of transfer although it was a question of Christianity or Near East Relief manages the move- Islam. A mosque had been built, and ment and feeds them en route. Con- the chief was waiting to know whether dition of 12,000 Greeks at Aleppo and the Wesleyans would open a church Alexandretta is scarcely less desper- and school or not. The society has ate, although McAfee reports Athens promised to send him an African now promises to accept them into teacher at once and a foreign mission- Greece before May 1st. In view of ary as soon as possible. our emphasis on refugees' plight in raising funds, I believe Near East Re- A Delicate Situation lief should make a special appropriation to feed these total 15,000 refugees REPORTS received from Kenya until May 1st, the cost not exceeding Colony show that the movement $2,000 weekly. Prompt action im- among the Africans which led to perative. " serious disturbances at Nairobi in March of last year has affected mis- A Persian Governor's Tribute sionary work considerably. One mis- sionary says that Harry Thuku, the ~~WHEN I called on the Bakhtiari agitator, whose arrest brought the Governor of Z–," writes a trouble to a head, exercised a dis- tinctly dangerous influence throughcolporteur of the British and Foreign out the whole Colony, and adds: Bible Society, "he received me with "When I arrived last year from furmuch favor. In the presence of all lough, I could see a marked difference the men gathered, he took up a Bible in the demeanor of our' senior teachers and said: 'Blessed are they who have and there now exists a decided line of such a. spiritual calling, and such good demarcation between natives and nonbehavior. Verily it is truth that the natives, including men missionaries. Christians are the salt of the earth, Most of our teachers have been conand but for them all men would be centrating their best energies on polidestroyed. And especially does this tics, agitating their minds with inapply to those who are of the Bible fiammable speeches, to the detriment Society and the Church Missionary of the work in general. The offertories

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

are two-thirds less than in 1919, prob- of cruelty, he is now known far and ably owing to the large sums given wide for his steadfastness to the faith for political propaganda. School at- and his righteous justice."

tendance has likewise suffered, and A Congo Revival fewer converts are coming forward." "GOD has given us a wonderful re- Anot.her missionary affirms that the natives still entertain much suspicion vival at Sona Bata," writes of both foreign missionaries and gov- Rev. Thomas Moody, a missionary of ernment officials. Many of the leaders the American Baptists in the Belgian in the movement hold office in the Congo for over thirty years. Last Church, and it will take some time and year in seven months over 1,500 were also sympathetic handling of the baptized and this refers to only one whole matter to win back the entire of a dozen or more mission stations.

confidence of the people. At Sona Bata last September, they Two African Kings held a mato'ndo country association camp-meetIng. Nine of these matondos T HE American Presbyterian mis- had been during the year at the mis- sionaries in the Kamerun have sion station and at twenty baptismal been having some interesting exper- services in different parts of the field iences with the king of the Mekae over 2,000 had already been baptized tribe, Beyene by name. Mrs. G. C. last year. Mr. and Mrs. Moody had Beanland writes of a recent visit to been out in the district of 10,000 his town: "The Governor had sent square miles among 80,000 people for him a letter telling him he must show six weeks of strenuous work.

the missionaries every attention and On September 22d, the people com- we were royally entertained. We menced to come until at night there slept in the house he had built for us, were a thousand people present. Then and he sent us his soldiers and police- all day Saturday they kept coming men to use as we wished… Reyene until 1,500 people were sleeping all has until recently done all he could over the lawn and in other available to oppose the work of the missionary, places. "On Sunday, the great day and has refused to allow his wives to of the feast," writes Mr. Moody, "439 become Christians, but since our visit were buried with Christ in baptism.

there last year, he has promised to do Coming up they all formed in Ene better, and now he seems to have had were given the right hand of fellow: a complete change of heart for which ship, and received into the Church.

we are gratefuL" Tthwaonkhsgoiuvrisngofopffreeraincghinagndfoltlhoewecd~ma­ What may be hoped for from these beginnings ·is seen in a recent letter munion service. The revival is still from Rev. A. B. Patterson, of the going on. Last yeaT we baptized over same mission, about Olama, another 1,500. This year 3,000. The thanks- chief: "When Mrs. Patterson and I giving offering Jast year was a total arrived in 1911, Chief Olama was fol- of 3,:130 francs; this year over 5,550.

lowing in his father's footsteps and The increased offering has taken care struggling along with over a dozen of the increased work."

wives. The Gospel found a lodging in Olama 's heart and for the past ten GENERAL years he has been living a clean, use- The Same Old Arguments I ful life for Christ. He is a church T is a clever bit of satire which the Church Times of London brings member and an elder. His former wives were freed and he has one wife before us in putting into the mouth of who has borne to him two fine chil- a proconsul, "a traveled gentleman" dren. They are a happy family. fourteen centuries ago in Rome, this Whereas OIama has always been comment on the rumor that Gregory known as a man of power and often the Pope intends to send Augus,tine

and some forty monks to Britain: dueted in Connecticut the next two "A good worthy man, Gregory, but years in an effort to implant Mormon- with no knowledge of the world, and ism, minus polygamy, in this section dreadfully addicted to sentimentality. of New England.

Recall the absurd fuss he made when he was Archdeacon over the angel Baptist World Congress T faces of some little fair-haired Angles HE third congress of the Baptist World Alliance is to be held in in our market-place. Why, everybody knows that the Angles or Saxons, or Stockholm, Sweden, July 21-28, 1923.

whatever they call themselves, have It is expected that the Baptists of con- quite a decent religion of their own, tinental Europe, of England, Canada or at any rate as good a one as they an(l Australia will be represented b~'

require for their peculiar needs. What large and enthusiastic delegations, I say' is, 'I,eave them alone. Ten to and that at least one thousand will one, if you upset their native belief, attend from the Northern and South- you will only corrupt them.' And just ern Baptist Conventions of the United think how much more good Augustine States. This congress would have and his companions could do at home. been held in 1916 had it not been for I consider it is an utter waste of the World War. When the 1911 Alli- effort to try to Christianize a few of ance met in Philadelphia it was ex- those remote islanders." pected that the next meeting would be held in Germany. Because of the Mormonism Outside of Utah unsettled conditions in Germany the THERE are two main divisions of executive committee of the Alliance Mormons, the Reorganized Church, wisely decided that it would not be with headquarters at Independence, best for the congress to go there.

Mo., and the Organized Church, folc W· lowers of Brigham Young, with head- C.hristian World Travelers quarters at Salt Lake City. Mormon ITH the approval of the Boards missionary propaganda, which is well- of Missions of the various de- organized and far-reaching, centers nominations, the Missionary Educa- chiefly in the Utah church. tion Movement, 150 Fifth Avenue, Missions are located in Australia, New York, announces the opening of Great Britain, Eastern Canada, Den- a new department to guide American mark, Hawaii, Japan, Netherlands, travelers through mission lands, in New Zealand, Norway, Samoa, South order that they may appreciate what Africa, Switzerland (including Ger- is being done for the redemption of many), Sweden, Tahiti, and Tonga. the people.

In the U. S. A. there are the Central Few tourists receive much, if any, States Mission, Independence, Mis- impression of the success of mission- SQlJri; Eastern States Mission, ary work in the countries through Brooklyn, New York; Northern States which they travel. Too often travelers Mission, Chicago; Northwestern say, "I didn't see any missionary States Mission, Portland; Southern work in China" or "I was told that States, Atlanta; Western States, Den- India would have been better off if vel'; and California Mission, LOB the missionaries had never come." Angeles. The Travel Department of the Mis- Following an active house-to-house sionary Education Movement will per- campaign for "three weeks in Decem- sonally conduct parties to see the ber, Mormon church services were held great work of Christian Missions and in Hartford, Conn., for the firBt time will, at the same time, give opporwith a small crowd attending. Four tunity for sight seeing under the best Mormon missionaries from Utah, all auspices. The :first tour will start young men, are in charge of the cam- for Japan, Korea and China in Oc- paign, which they say is to be con- tober, 1923.

MISSIONAl~Y

Education in Africa. Report of the Phelps- "Not.withstanding the limited per- Stokes Fuml Commission, prepared by sonnel, the inadequate equipment, and other difficulties of pioneer conditions, 'fhomas .Tesse .Jones. Maps and illustra- some missions have been remarkably tionb. 8vo. 323 pp. 297 Fourth, Ave- nue, New York. 1923.

I n this study of West, Sonth and successful in the organizing and main- Equatorial Africa made by the Afri- taining' ()f educational activities. Records show that some of the most can Education Commission, under the effective elements of education now anspices of the Phelps-Stokes Fund being incorporated in the school and the Protestant Foreign Mission systems of America and Europe have Societies of America and Europe, originated in the schools of the home mucll light if' thrown on the" Conti- and foreign mission fields." . nent of Misnnderstandings," its people and mission work. In making Four essentials of edncational its study the commission spent ten policy and organization required t0'

months in the field during the fall of give Africa au adeqnate and real sys- 1920 and the .following winter, and tem are recommeuded under the titles, traveled more than 25,000 miles "Adaptations of Edncation," "Or- and visited scores of schools and ganization and Supervision," "Edu- mission stations supported by the cation of Masses," "Native Leader- churches of America and Europe. ship," and "Cooperation." To each Although such educational facilities of these is ilevoted a chapter of the as the African natives now have are report.

largely to be credited to the mis- The findings of the C0'mmission are sions, and although "a really great sympathetic toward Christian misservice" has already been rendered sions and are helpful in P0'inting out to the natives along these lines, there possible weaknesses and lines of adhas been an unevenness in the effec- vance. At the same time, there is tiveness of the schools, due largely to occasionally evident the modern spirit a diversity in the conception of the of readiness to discard the old befunction of education. Some missions cause it is old even though it may have have conceived of education merely as prodnced great results, and to adopt mental discipline; others have re- modern methods and machinery that stricted it to teaching the natives to have 110't been sufficiently tested. read the Bible and thus to under- There are good scientific methods and stand the spirit of Christianity; in much m~y- be learned by experience too many cases the schooling has been confined to classroom work based on but, after all, most important is the the traditional dassical preparation IJersonality, devotion and power of for Cambriilge, Oxford, or American the teacher who has been taught by colleges. Too frequently there has God and by experience.

been no general supervision over The Church in America. William Adams groups of schools, and mission boardfl Brown. 12mo. 378 pp. $3.00. The serving the same communities could Macmillan Co. New York. 1922.

Rtrengthen their work by cooperating Dr. Brown, as Chairman 0'f the in the SUPP0'rt of a single secondary Committee on the War and the ReschooL Yet there have been very ligious Outlook, and as Secretary 0'f definite accomplishments in the field t he GeneraI War-Time COIIl.1Ilission of African education, according to of the Churches, has had exceptional the report which says: opportunity to understand "the pres- 415

-ent condition and future prospects 1etics have ever given to the unhearof American Protestantism. ' , He speaks "to all who have won from oring ears of theologues. The book is yesterday's experience the hope of a value, not for its specific instrucbetter tomorrow." He does not blink tions, but for its attitude of intelligent the facts which break the heart. He reverence toward the preacher's task. states frankly the case against the Church as the Great War found it, NEW BOOKS and as the Great War left it. But the facts are to him problems for In the La,nd of Sweepers and Kings. Geo. solution, not incentives to despair. E. Miller. 194 pp. $1.00. Powell & With courage he discusses the partial White. Cincinnati. 1922. tailure of the Inter-Church World Movement, the current vagaries of Kashmir in SunUght and Shade. C. Eo religious thought and organization; Tyndale Biscoe, M.A. 315 pp. J. B. and suggests definite measures by Lippincott Co. Philadelphia. 1922. which the churches may hope to "get together" and "think together" for The Karen People of Burma. A Study in their world task. Anthropology and Ethnology. Harry I. Marshall. 329 JlJl. Ohio State Uni- Missionary Messages. By Rev. James F. versity. Columbus. 1922. Love, D.D. 12mo. 147 pp. $1.25. George H ..Doran Co. New York. Sunrise in Aztec Land. Wm. A. Ross. 242 pp. 50c paper; 7510 doth. Presbyterian While coming from a Southern Committee of Publieation. Richmond. Baptist, many of these messages are 1922. not for Baptists alone. The general topics relate to the value of the mis- The Hill Tribes of Fiji. A. B. Brewster. sionary ideal, the new world condi- 308 pp. 21 s. Seeley, Service & Co. tions, missionary messages and suc- London. 1922. cess, the religion of the future, etc. Baptist topics treat of the Home Base, Human Australasia. Charles F. Thwing. the Baptist program in Europe and 270 pp. $2.50. The Macmillan Co. elsewhere. They are stimulating for New York. 1923. thoughtful readers. In the Heart of Bantuland. Dugald Camp- Preaching and Sermon Construction. Paul bell. 313 pp. J. B. Lippincott Co. B. Bu.ll, M.A. 8vo. 378 pp. $2.50. The Philadelphia. 1922. Macmillan Co. New York. 1922. Midst Volcanic Fires. Maurice Frater. The writer, who describes himself 288 pp. $2.25. Pilgrim Press. Boston. as a Priest of the Community of 'the 1922. Resurrection, is an Englishman, who walks frequently in a world unknown With the Judeans in the Palestine Camto the average Protestant American. paign. J. H. Patterson. 270 pp. $2.25. He rlwells with extraordinary empha- The Macmillan Co. New York. 1922. sis on doctrine, discipline and devotion, and especially upon " The Chin,a's Crossroads. Elliott I. Osgood. 229 Blessed Sacrament." pp. $1.00. Powell & White. Cincin- nati. 1922. The book abounds in admirable sentences. For example: "What God Christian Education in China. Committee wants is not the patronage of our of Reference and Counsel. 419 pp. intellectual approval, but the entire $2.00. Foreign Missions Conference. surrfmder of our will;" again: "The 25 Madison Avenue, New York. 1922. sins of good people come chiefly from exhaustion. " Prem Masih of Damoh. Geo. E. Miller. 127 pp. $1.00. Powell & White. Cin- With fine humor and ample illus- cinnati. 1922. t.rations t.he author gives the ancient monitions which teachers of homi- All in a Life Time. Henry Morgenthau. 454 pp. $4.00. Doubleday, Page & Co. New York. 1922.

Wiliamu, Mariner, Missionary (The story of John Williams. Ernest H. Haynes, 111 pp. 1 s 2 d paper; 1 s 9 d doth. Livingstone Press. 48 Broadway, West- minster S. W. I., London. 1923.

Pandita Ramabai. Clementina Butler. 94 pp. $1.00. Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. 1922.

Missionary Program Material. Anita B. Ferris. 153 pp. Missionary Education Movement.. New York. 1922.

Education in Africa. Thomas J esse Jones. 323 pp. Phelps-Stokes Fund. 297 Fourth Avenue. New York. 1922.

The Missionary Review of the World — July 1913

R. MOTT AND THE NATIONAL MISSIONARY CONFERENCE AT SHANGHAI. CHINA

Courtesy of the Con.gregationalist This conference was held from March 11 to 14 and was the largest and most impo~tant of a series of six held in different places under the direction of John R. Mott. chairman of the Continuation Committee of the World Missionary Conference of Edinburgh. The picture shows Dr. Matt. Dr. Smlth. Bishops Root and Bashford and other well·known workers. An account of the conferences and revival meetings conducte<l by Dr. Mott and by Mr. Sherwood Eddy is printed in this number of the REVIEW.

Missionary

® of the World ~ Vol. XXXVI, No. i JULY, 1913 Vol. XXVI, No.7 Old Series New Series Signs of the· Times THE CONFERENCES IN CHINA has not been entered at all, altho five or six missions are working along JOHN R. MOTT, representing the its borders and ready to take the Edinburgh Continuation Commit-· first opportunity of pre5sing into the tee, held five sectional conferences country. A survey of the entire Chiwith the missionaries in various parts nese field is to be made and a mapof China, and, finally, March I I to ping of districts yet untouched is re- 14, conducted a national conference quested immediately. It was voted in Shanghai. Delegates came from that no mission should hereafter the churches of the whole nation, enter any occupied district without and canvassed the results' so far the fuIl consent of the forces already obtained in the evangelization of the on the ground. Chinese people and the principles upon which the further development The conference spoke with positiveof the missionary enterprise in that ness in favor of a &ingle missionary land must be prosecuted. There were church in China, eliminating all West- 120 mission representatives, two-thirds ern denominational lines. Even pendforeigners and one-third Chinese. ing actual organic union, it was ur- gently recommended that all churches It was agreed that under present should discard every distinctive name circumstances no one can say pre- and assume only the single title, The cisely how much of China remains Christian Church in China. Churches yet to be evangelized, but the prov- which already enjoy intercommunion inces of YJ,lnnan, Kwangsi and Kwei- were urged to combine at once, while chew in the extreme southwestern federation, local and provincial, was portion of the country and Kansuh in recommended where churches felt the northwest are as yet almost un- unable to surrender denominational touched. Mongolia, an especially dif- peculiarities. A hymnal for all union ficult field, has &carcely ten mission- churches and a book of prayer for aries in all its vast extent. Eastern voluntary use in public worship were Turkestan, an immense area, is occu- ordered prepared by committees appied in only three centers in the ex- pointed. It was also recommended treme west, around Kashgar. Tibet The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed articles in these pages.-EoITOR.

that the Chinese be received to a men of committees, in each case treat- share in the administration of foreign ing their subjects with breadth, com- funds used for the support of their prehensiveness, sympathy and in~ight. churches; that church buildings as far as possible should be built on Among them were pastors, evanground not owned by the missions; gelists, translators, educationalists, and that Chinese congregations and editors. Many had been abroad, should be encouraged to send repre- some of whom had passed through sentatives to local and district organ- educational institutions in the West izations in which missionaries have with distinction, while others had no part. graduated from Christian colleges in China. Their presenc;e was not only The boards at home were urged to a significant indication of progress send only the most thoroughly trained and development in the Chinese and educated missionaries, men and Church, but a prophecy of the day women, already tested af. to their not far distant when they will take a ability to acquire a foreign language. prominent part in the administration No candidate should be considered of the Church and its varied activ ities. qualified for any form of mission work in China unless he is regarded I THE CHINA OF TO-DAY as capable of assured success in sim- N the newest republic of the world ilar work at home. All workers en- -the only republic of Asia-we tering China for the first time should have a strange mixture of progressive be sent out for a period of service enlightenment and of superstition. as itinerants in the field, in order that The roar of tin pans to frighten off they may become thoroughly ac- "the dragon which is devouring the quainted with Chinese conditions. moon" is mingled with the whistle of Schools for instruction of mission- the locomotive and the sound of aries in language were recommended Christian church bells. The old in Peking, Canton, Nanking, and farmer in skull-cap and long dress, Hankow. lights his brass pipe with flint and steel while he looks with wonder at CHINESE CHRISTIAN LEADERSHIP a young Chinese dandy in western clothes smoking an American cigaret. THE Shanghai National Confer- ence, to which reference is made The old is passing and the new is being adopted-a mixture of evil and above, is the fourth gathering held good. But the outlook is hopeful. in Shanghai, representing the en- "Never were the missionaries so glad tire Protestant missionary body, but and hopeful as they are to-day," the first to be truly national, in writes Rev. Edward H. Smith, of that Chinese Christians took an active Inghok. "The year one (according part. There were present between to Chinese reckoning from the found- 30 and 40 Chinese men and women, ing of the republic) has been the several of whom spoke English fluent- greatest year for mission work we ly-two of them with remarkable have ever known. There is promise skill and accuracy translating every- everywhere of a great revival of thing said or done from English into learning, of patriotism, of ambition Chinese, or from Chinese into En- and hopefulness, and, deeper than all, glish. Several Chinese were chair-

OF THE

of religion. The pas5ing months have Britain, Sherwood Eddy, S. K. Tsao emphasized over and over again this of China, J. R. Isaacs of India" Baron new spirit. Within the chutches there Nicolay of Russia, Robert E. Speer breathes a new optimism, and inde- of New York, Fletcher S. Brocknldil pendence and determination to do their of China, Bishop Charles H. Brent of part of the evangelism of China. We the Philippines, President Howard S. begin to see now what we have be- Bliss of Syria and Dr. John R Mott. lieved for a long time, namely, that self-support will come, and come to Dr. Matt reported that $1,000,000 stay, when the Chinese church cOllies has been given for buildings for SlUto a consciousness of itself as a power- dent work during the past four years ful, independent entity. The self- re- since the last Conference. The numspect, the pride of race and country, ber of students for the ministry has inwill accomplish what no amount of creased by 1,500 and the work has urging and pleading and scolding grown in strength and influence, especould do. That is the impulse which cially in South America and China. is from within." Two great needs were presented to the student world in' order that they may WORLD CONFERENCE OF CHRIS· develop in power. The first is more earnest study of the Bible as the A TIAN STUDENTS foundation of spiritual strength and REMARKABLE gathering of stu- the second is an advance movement dent leaders .from all over the in India, China and Russia during world was recently in sessioll at Lake the next four years. India es~cially Mohawk, New York (June 2 to t$). needs our attention since here the Over 300 delegates and speakers came anti-Christian forces are the strongest together, representing the I56,000 and most active. students of the world identified with the World's Student Christian Asso- The World's Student Christian ciation. This was the tenth and the Federation has accomplished great largest conference of the Federation things through the blessing of God, and was remarkable alike for its per- but still greater opportunities are sonnel, the range of subjects discussed before it. "Not by might nor by an and value of the papers presented. army, but by My Spirit, saith the Lord of Hosts." The student leaders, with Dr. John R. Mott as General Secretary of the UNION FOR CENTRAL INDIA movement, are an able and consecrated WORD comes of another movebody of men. The Federation was formed for the purpose of uniting ment for a union of the Christhe Christian students of the world in tian churches of Central India:. The work for their fellow students and to Jubbulpore Conference on Federation, prepare them to take their place as representing seven of the leading mis- Christian leaders of the next genera- sionary societies working in Central tion in every country of the world. and Western India, has declared in Forty lands were represented at the favor of a federation of "al1 churches recent conference and they listened to and societies that believe in God such men as President Iburka of through Jesus Christ, His only Son, Japan, Robert P. Wilder of Great our Lord and Savior, and that ac- cept the Word of God as contained

in the Scriptures of the Old and New Experience with the Filipino people Testament as the supreme rule of in the provincial centers indicates that faith and practise, and whose teach- they would gladly welcome such a ing in regard to God, sin and salva- movement. They are tired of the tion is in general agreement with the divisions that now exist among them. great body of Christian truth and Surely the tie of Christian fellowship fundamental doctrine of the Chris- is sufficiently strong among those now tian faith." It was agreed that the within the various churches, and their federation shall not interfere with the recognition of one another's true existing creed of any church or so- Christian character should be sufficiety, or with its internal order or ciently real and sincere to justify external relations, and that the ob- their endeAvoring to become one in ject of the federation shall be to at- outward church organization. Antain a more perfect manifestation of other sign of vitality is the response the unity of His disciples for which of Simon Igloria, a Filipino clergythe Redeemer prayed, by making the man, to the call to go out and minwelfare of all the churches in the ister to his 10,000 fellow countrymen federation an obj ect of vital interest in the Hawaiian Islands. and concern to all. ILIQUOR TRAFFIC IN KONGOLAND ADVANCE IN THE PHILIPPINES T is good news as reported by the Native Races and the Liquor TrafpROTESTANT Christianity among fic United Committee, that from Feb- the Filipinos is showing unmis- ruary 1st absolute prohibition of the sale of alcohol to the natives of the takable evidence of its vitality. A Kongo region has been enforced. union Christian college is planned Penalties for breaches of the law for Manila, to be under the direction have been fixt up to £400. The of seven Protestant missionary 80- ordinance was passed on November cities. A union church is also advo- 23, 1912, rendered necessary, says cated for the members of the Annual the British consul at Boma, "by the Filipino Conference of the United ravages caused by the consumption Brethren in Christ, who have recently of trade-rum and gin among the namemorialized the executive commit- tives." These liquors came principaltee of the Evangelical Union to learn ly from Germany and Belgium. The the opinion of the various Protestant London Friend says: "We wish that churches and missions in regard to "imilar stringent action could be taken forming one United Protestant Church in West Africa, where, according to in the Philippine Islands. the Board of Trade returns-in our colonies of Southern Nigeria, the The various Protestant conferences, Gold Coast, and Sierra Leone-the presbyteries, or associations are asked importation of spirits has risen in six to elect two representatives each and years (I906-19II) by over 2,000,000 the missions two representatives each. gallons, from upward of 4,700,000 The executive committee of the gallons to more than 6,800,000." Evangelical Union is asked to convene these representatives to discuss The saddest part of Mr. J. H. Hardifficulties, advantages and methods involved in forming one United ris' recent book, "Dawn in Darkest Protestant Church.

Africa," deals with the evils which entals in America, to division of ter- have been increased if not introduced ritory and adjustments between es- by contact with professedly Christian tablished missions. They also make nations. Firstly the liquor traffic. specific recommendations for inter- Over 6,500,000 gallons of spirituous denominational employment of three liquor of European manufacture traveling evangelists among the Japa- were imported into the British colo- nese, Chinese, and Hindus, these nies of Sierra Leone, Nigeria, and the evangelists to be under the supervi- Gold Coast in 1911. "Drunkenness," sion of the Standing Committee and Mr. Harris says, "is admittedly on to be supported by the various de- the increase in the Gold Coast, and nominational boards engaged in work this is so obvious that three years· for Orientals.

ago the Governor sounded a warn- These plans were cordially ap- ing by saying that he recognized proved by the Home Mission Council drunkenness was becoming one of the at the annual meeting, and recom- most dangerous enemies to Christian- mended to the various boards having ity." Yet, apparently it is not that missions for Orientals in America.

it pays the merchant, for "If you The plan for a missionary among could stop the demand for intoxicat- Hindus was especially approved.

ing liquors," said one of them, "it Since 1907 over 6,000 natives of In- would pay me to give you £20,000." dia, including Hindus, Sikhs, and It is not one nation only that is to :Mohammedans, have come to Amer- blame. "Over I,OOO,OOO cases of ica and there are more than 4,000 Hamburg spirits," 5aid one official, now in the country. Only spasmodic "are retailed to the natives here by a local efforts have been made to show single firm every year." And again them the meaning of Christianity, and we read, "France to-day recognizes there is need for immediate interde- the terrible evils which follow in the nominational work for which there train of absinthe-drinking in the must be made adequate financial pro- homeland, yet she can calmly look vIsIon.

on while natives stream into the lit- A VOLUNTEER MOVEMEN~ FOR tle drink stores of French Kongo with their 25 cent pieces to purchase HOME MISSIONS nips of what I was assured by the vendor was the worst form of drink T HE appeal to the heroic, which in the whole of the African continent." has marked the work of the Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions, has drawn many young men and young women to the COOPERATIVE WORK FOR foreign field. There has been a lack of a similar A ORIENTALS S a result of the Neglected Fields appeal and a like organization to Survey of the Home Mission draw educated young Christians to Council, the committee of American undertake the hard missionary tasks Workers for Orientals on the Pacific of the homeland. The Presbytery of Coast has prepared a careful state- Ogden, in the Synod of Utah, has ment of principles relating to co- proposed a plan which amounts to operative effort in missions for Ori- a Student Volunteer Movement for

Home Missions, asking the General zation of the cemeteries. Education Assembly to instruct the Home Mis- is to be free, and teachers' salaries are sion Board to offer to students in col- to be increased, while the condition of leges and seminaries, by special visita- the working classes is to be improved.

tion if necessary, the opportunity of The Premier's earnestness in regard signing the following declaration: to religious freedom is shown by the "Unless God in His providence cancellation of the punishment of six should otherwise direct, it is my hope months' imprisonment inflicted upon and purpose, when my preparation is a Protestant soldier because he re- completed, to spend at least three fused to kneel during a mass in Fer- years in some form of Christian mis- rall. A regUlation which will make sion service under the American i~possible the repetition of the inci- flag." dent is to be drawn up and published.

Such a challenge would certainly T THE SYNOD OF FORMOSA turn the attention of the very choicest HE Presbyterian Church of Engyoung men and women to the oppor- land commenced its work upon tunities for heroic self-sacrifice within the island of Formosa in 1865; the the bounds of their own nation. And Presbyterian Church of Canada sent their response would in turn, just as its first missionary, the great Dr. happened in foreign missions, chal- George L. Mackay, to the heathen of lenge the church at large to far more northern Formosa in 1871. The work generous giving toward the support of both churches has marvelously of a work for which such lives were prospered until the English Presbyready for consecration. terians now have 94 stations, 5 self- supporting pastorates, and 3,767 com- At Bonebrake Theological Semi- municants, while the Canadians have nary, Dayton, Ohio, an institution of 54 stations, 7 self-supporting pastorthe United Brethren Church, a band ates, and 2,097 communicants. '.chere has already been formed along the has been a Presbytery of South Forlines of a Home Mission Student mosa of the Presbyterian Church of Volunteer Movement. If this move- England since 1896. which was folment should become general among lowed a few years later by a Canadian the students of the country it might Presbyterian Presbytery of North do a great work. The following quo- Formosa. These two Presbyteries tation from Dr. Francis E. Clark has met in Chiang-hoa (Shoka) on Octobeen taken as a motto: "The more ber 24, 1912, aild formed the Presby- I see of America and the world, the terian Church of Formosa, setting lip more convinced I am that the home also the Synod of Formosa. An immissionary holds the key to the situ- portant forward step has thus betH ation."

I LIBERAL LAWS IN SPAIN taken in Formosa, and it is expected N Spain, Count Alvaro de Ro- that the Synod will at once enter manes, the new Premier, has an- upon a joint work among the 120,- nounced his program, which is strong- 000 aboriginal (Malay) mountain ly marked by liberal tendencies. He savages, whose districts have been promises complete religious freedom, recently opened up by their subjuga- obligatory civil marriage, and seculari- tion. by the Japanese.

GIRLS OF CISHSOC, OUTSIDE

'fh lS village was leveled to groun d . because of wickedness among th e people THE GOSPEL AND ITS OPPONENTS IN PERSIA B Y REV. FREDERIC K G. COAN, D .D., URU M IA, P ERS I A ]..{issionary of the Presbyterian Boa rd of Foreign lt:ission!; mI T sometimes .seems that were going on in the Near East, in God moves slowly in Turkey and Persia that were des- matters pertaining to tined to overthrow on the one hand the upbuilding of His the despotic rule of one of the kingdom, and men are world's most infamous, as well as tempted to say, "How most able rulers, and on the other long, 0 God, how long," as they hand to remove from the throne in see the triumph of the wicked and as Persia, in the person of Mohammed tyranny and oppression go appar- Ali Shah, one of the worst char- ently unpunished. But when God acters who has ever disgraced that does move, there is nothing more . throne. He was apparently a man startling and wonderful than the without any sense of honor, cruel, rapidity with which He is able to sensual, and proud.

overturn systems and monarchies Since we believe that God rules that are centuries old. He often in the affairs of this earth, we see works where we least expected it that the great changes that have and accomplishes that of which man taken place in Persia have a 1110st had not dreamed. important bearing on Gospel work in While the thoughts of many were that land.

directed to the great changes taking Compa re the present situation with place in the Far East, movements that of eighty years ago, when Gos-

pel work was first undertaken in Christian, had by contaci for many Persia. centuries with Islam, lost all but the name Christian. Their priests were At that time Persia was exceed- ignorant, the services in the ancient ingly difficult of access, with a long Syriac unintelligible to the common sea voyage to Trebizonde, on the people, and religion consisted mostly Black Sea, and then over 700 miles of the observance of the long fasts overland to the plains in Azerbaijan, and pilgrimages to the different over caravan tracks, with no inns, churches made sacred by the various and stables the only place where the saints in whose honor they had been traveler could, in common with the built and named. beasts of burden, find shelter. The people were most lawless, and travel- The hope was that out of a re- ing was unsafe. vived and spiritualized ancient church might be raised ·up a force that In U rumia itself, in the very north- would ultimately be ready, when the western part of Persia, lived some door opened, to carry the Gospel to 30,000 Nestorians, a small remnant its Mohammedan neighbors. of that old church that clung to , the doctrines of Nestorius, who was Schools were opened, and in time excommunicated by the Council of young men trained up for tht! min- Ephesus (43 I A.D.), for his teach- istry, the sick were treated, villages ings concerning the dual nature of visited, and by means of personal Christ. The larger portion of the contact, prejudice was being gradu- Nestorian Church existed in the ally broken down, hatred removed, rugged mountains of Kurdistan, west and our neighbors, the Mohammed- of Urumia Plain, with its patri- ans, were gradually being brought archate at Kochanes, about roo miles into contact with Christianity through from Urumia, where they still cling the lives of the missionaries and to their wild mountain homes, and converted Nestorians. in spite of massacres by the Kurds, and constant feuds among them- It was a period of seed sowing, selves, they have to this day held of preparation for the great changes their own. Aside from something that were to take place in God's own like 80,000 Armenians, Jews, and time, whenever His Church was Parsees, the rest of the popUlation ready to do its part. of Persia was Moslem. Nothing has done more to show While the object of the early mis- the follower of the false prophet the sionaries was ultimately to reach out spirit of the Gospel, and break down to the Mohammedans, it was natural his prejudices, than the work of that with an open door among the the missionary physician, and the Nestorians, who welcomed them from atmosphere and blessings of the mis- the first, and the great difficulties sion hospital. Here all classes and in the way of work among the Mos- nationalities were received, and here lems, they should devote most of through the ministry of suffering and their efforts for many of the early its relief by the skill of the West, years toward the evangelization of lessons were taught not possible any the Nestorians, who, while nominally other way. It is rare, with all honor to others, to find in any missionary

GOSPEL AND ITS OPPONENTS IN

field men of such ability and skill courteous treatment. Our native and Christian character as those who evangelists have gone up and down were the pioneers of this great work the land and preached in many vilin Persia, and the names of Wright, lages, and in addition to the small Grant, Cochran and Holmes will ever towns on the main lines of travel, live in the hearts of the thousands they have. gone up into many of the who learned to love and bless their out-of-the-way valleys and villages. memories. Missionaries, men as well as women, have spent years .in this line of work, The work gradually broadened, and until thousands have heard the messtrategic centers, like Teheran, the sage. Colporteurs have scattered the capital, Hamadan, and Tabriz, were Word of God in many a town and seized. Those who had been trained village, and one of them, a modern in U rumia College and Seminary Paul, has often been beaten and perwere the pioneers to start the work secuted, but has continued his work in these centers, and in a number of with new zeal and consecration, until smaller places like Salmas, Khoi, he is respected and loved everywhere. Maragha, Soujbulakh and Kerman- A small band of true believers has shah, where many of them gave been gathered together, and we bethemselves to the cause, will ever be lieve that there are many others who remembered for their saintly lives. believe, altho not daring to make a public confession of their faith. Some . But many years of patient toil and have suffered martyrdom for Christ's praying and waiting went by before sake. the great desire of our hearts was fulfilled, in being able to welcome to Political Changes our schools the Moslem as well as the Christian youth. We must glance for a moment at some of the great changes that have Especially in Urumia, the first taken place politically in Persia, in place occupied, was the waiting long, their bearing on God's work. In and aside from a few irregular pu- 1890, when Nasiru'd-Din Shah pils, it is only about fifteen years, granted the famous Tobacco Concesfirst in Tabriz and later in Uramia, sion to a British corporation, the since the boys, and then the girls, movement for political liberty was came to us. We rejoice now in an started. The Persians then began to attendance of about 200 Moslem pu- wake up to the fact that their King, pils. for his own selfish [..,leasure, had bar- tered away their rights, and that for The Situation To-day a small sum, and to a foreign power. The world was surprized when a Aside from the attendance of the nation could in a day swear off Moslem pupils in our schools, oppor- smoking, put away all their pipes, tunity is afforded to-day, all over Persia to go and preach the Gospel a and close all their tobacco shops, and to Mohammedans, and if wisely, tactfully, and lovingly done, it need not by putting stop to the use of toarouse opposition. In all the tours bacco, force the King to rescind the made among Moslems, I have never concession at a great loss to himself yet met with a rebuff, or had any- and the Persian Government, for the thing but good attention and most

British corporation took an indemnity earnest of what they are able to of $500,000, borrowed by the Per- do, if only unhampered by foreign sians at six per cent. They were intrigue, and sympatheticalIy helped. thus forced to pay annually a sum of $30,000, for something for which Among the great changes that have they had received no return. taken place, a striking fact, and one of great significance, has been the Stirred up by Japan's victory over valuable services rendered by the the great power of the north, and the very class usualIy opposed to change great achievement of the Turks in and relorm, the ecclesiastics. Great gaining a constitutional government, has been the service rendered the and wearied with the tyrannies of cause by the great mujtaheid<;, who. their rulers, which had been growing by means of telegrams and letters, worse as the years went along, an and their speeches, ever encouraged agitation was started for a constitu- the Persian people in the great strugtional government, and wrung from gle for freedom; this, too, in spite the dying King Muzaffaru'd-Din of the fact that a constitutional gov- Shah shortly before his death, Janu- ernment would curtail their power ary 4, 1907. and lessen their influence. To-day, newspapers have sprung up every- But the end was not to be won where, and public affairs are discust without much bloodshed and great and criticized, as was impossible besacrifice, and in the struggle one of fore. Some of these papers are acour Americans has the honor to have complishing a great deal by means laid down his life to help the poor of cartoons, where those who can Persians achieve their liberty. not read are able, by means of the pictures, to understand. In these car- It is not my purpose here to trace toons, jests are levied against timeall the struggle that lasted from 1905 honored customs, and many religious to 1909, the invitation on the part ideas, as well as religious leaders, are of the Persians to have the Ameri- held up to ridicule. can Government help in the readjustment of its finances, and the Most marvelous of all has been the dispatch of W. Morgan Shuster, or part played by woman in all the his eight months struggle against the great changes that have taken place. opposition of the Russian Govern- Mr. Shuster, in his interesting book, ment, and the indifference of Great "The Strangling of Persia," says, Britain, until he was compelled, in "The Persian women, since 1907, had the interests of peace, to withdraw. become, almost at a bound, the most The occupation of northern Persia progressive, not to say radical, in the by Russian troops has followed. Suf- world. That this statement upsets fice it to say that whether successful, the ideas of centuries makes no difas judged by the outer world, or not, ference; it is the fact." a great change has taken place, and the very fact that the Persians We must remember that the women wanted a change, and were able, at in Persia, as well as in all heathen the great sacrifices made, to obtain countries, have suffered most, and it, has been a most encouraging hence, hailed with eagerness and parevelation of their character, and an thetic interest anything that would

GOSPEL AND ITS OPPONENTS IN PERSIA 49

bring them greater liberty. It was Now, what are some of the diffithis that enabled them to break culties in the way of reaching the through the most sacred and rigid Persian Mohammedans with the Goscustoms, customs that had bound pel of Christ? them for centuries, and to assert themselves and encourage the men Of course, the first and greatest in the great struggle that was going difficulty is that presented in the reon. It was 300 women, clad in the ligion itself. conventional dark robe and white veil, who went to the Medjlis, Parlia- It is impossible for one who has ment, demanding adm;ttance. VVhen not lived for many years in a Mo- hammedan country to realize what a terrible effect and influence a re- OPPONENTS-TURKISH MOSLEMS AT PRAYER ON THE PERSIAN BORDER face to face with the President, they ligion such as Islam, held and praclaid aside their veils and showed their tised for centuries, has had on its concealed weapons, saying that they millions of followers. Proclaiming would kill their own husbands and and commanding the worship of one sons, and leave behind their own God, and attributing to Him justice dead bodies, if the Medjlis wavered and mercy. it has given a false conin its duty to uphold the liberty and ception of God Himself. Denying with dignity of the Persian people and horror and intense feeling the sonship nation. of Christ, it has robbed the world of its Redeemer, and made him simply It is the women who have opened one of the prophets. It has given a schools, and Moslem girls are crowd- wrong conception of sin, and God's ing into our schools as never before, relation to it. Sin is recognized and in their eagerness to learn and take admitted, but with no idea as to what part in the affairs of the home and it is. It calls for retribution, but nation.

not reform. Repentance is simply mercy of God, knowing that He is regret, not for the sin itself, but the too merciful to punish me for a thing punishment for it, so that a Moham- I wish to do, when I admit that I medan who has suffered in hell for have broken His commandment." his sins can be admitted to God's presence, not that his character has God is not bound by the moral changed, but because he has suffered. laws that bind man, and a thing Prayer is simply the performance of becomes wrong only by His fiat. A duty; it is not communion with God. Mohammedan writer, after praising The month of Ramazan commands the provision that allows a man to a rigid fast, but as day is turned have four wives, gives this liberty as into night, the time of eating alone a proof of the divine origin of Isis changed. One may imagine what lam, for, "as God knows the natural hardships this brings to the poor, tendencies of man, such permissi::m who are dependent on their daily exalts His mercy and compassion." labor for bread, as well as the de- Now, this is the system that the rangement to the whole· system and Gospel of Christ has to meet. The digestive organs, where all the laws Sermon on the Mount is diametricof nature are defied, and excess of ally opposed to everything in Islam. every kind is indulged in more than Cbrist called for self-denial and the at any other time. taking up of the Cross, the cruci- fixion of self, and all its evil desires. The giving of alms is commanded, Cbrist offered, in this life, hardship, but only to Moslems; thus is ha- shame, hunger and thirst, and persetred toward all who are not Moslems cution and death, and held out in the kept alive. future world nothing of a physical nature, but such holiness and sinless- Everything done in the line of ness as are alone compatible with the worship or good work has as its ob- nature of God. ject the accumulation of merit, and is thus robbed of all disinterested- Another difficulty in the way of n·es;' and unselfishness and love. work for Mohammedans is the wrong ideas that have been imbibed from What is the moral effect of all centuries of contact with a false Christhis? It is to divorce religion from tianity. It is a sad fact, and one that moral conduct. Everything contrary should make us hang our heads with to God's commands is condoned by shame, that in God's providence, Mothe expression, "God is merciful." hammedanism has from the first been A good example is that of a Moslem the neighbor of Christianity. Had who was expostulated with when the church been true to the teachdrinking wine, as violating the ings .and life of Christ, Mohammed commands of the Koran. His reply would never have risen or succeeded, was as follows: "If I say that and to-day we must accept its existit is right to drink this wine, I deny ence as retribution for the failure on God's command, and He would pun- the part of His people to show the ish me in hell for blasphemy. But true spirit of Christianity. Anyone when I admit that God has com: traveling in the east, and coming in manded me not to drink, and that I contact with the Greek Orthodox,' sin in doing so, I cast myself all the

GOSPEL AND ITS OPPONENTS IN PERSIA

Roman Catholic, and many other way of the work in Persia is the sad Oriental churches, with all of their existence of denominationalism and abuses and forms of idolatry, must rivalry among some of the Christian realize what a terribly wrong con- churches, who should unite in the ception they have given of the Gospel preaching of Christ. In one small of Christ. town, and in the surrounding plain, where for over 50 years the only When Mohammedans see Christians missions that existed were those of lying, dishonest, immoral, drunken, the Presbyterian Church and the Roand revengeful, as ready to take life man Catholic, there have come in toas are their wild Kurds, what must be RETURN FROM A MISSIONARY TOUR, TEHERAN~ PERSIA the effect? Intensely opposed to all day several bodies of Baptists, against forms of idolatry, one of them was all the rules of Christian comity. invited into a Christian church, and One of their workers has openly when he saw the people falling in promised not .to teach the 'Gospel or adoration before a picture of Mary, religion in his schools, and yet calls he fled with horror. himself a missionary. Other denomi- nations also occasionally enter where One of the hardest tasks we have they are not needed. had all these years in Persia has been to undo this terrible influence, It is not the evils of Islam, great remove this false conception, and as they may seem, the opposition of show what a true Christian is. That the government, or dangers from evil can only be done by the life, and it men, that the missionary fears and takes years to teach the difference. dreads, but the demoralizing and dis- heartening effect of these rival mis- StilI another great difficulty in the

sions among the N estorians. They hindrances they have put in the demoralize their representatives by way of His servants, the missionaffording a salary for the minimum aries, and the offense they have given of work, and are not accountable to to the very ones they have pretended any responsible body. Moreover they to evangelize. are demoralizing to the people themselves, who are imprest with the Had the field not been divided by ease with which one of these 50- rival sects and progress retarded by called missionaries, whether Nestor- wrong methods, to-day there would ian or American, can enlist the sym- have been a self-supporting church, pathy and support of some church self-respecting people, and far greater in America. Lastly, these independent progress would have been made tomissions put a stumbling-block in the ward the evangelization of the great way of the Mohammedans who see mass of Mohammedans all about us. the Church of Christ divided. May we not hope that the church at home may yet awake and realize the It is a waste of precious money, great mistake of stich work. energy, and effort, for there are plenty who have not heard the Gos- We must believe that a better day pel, and Persia is a wide country, is going to dawn on poor Persia and but, alas, those who are there for that God has been moving in the the love of ease and personal com- great changes that have taken place. fort are not willing to go into new And let us hope that this portion of fields and do pioneer work. the great Islamic world, more ac- cessible than most others, may yet God alone knows what an answer be won to Christ, and send out from some of His foolish children have its ranks those who shall reach Mosto render that last day for the lems in other surrounding fields.

EXCUSED FROM GIVING TO MISSIONS You may be excused from giving to if you believe That the world needs no Savior and, therefore, does not need Jesus Christ and His gift of Eternal Life. That Jesus was mistaken in the Great Commission in which He directed His disciples to "Go-preach . . . to every creature." That the Gospel is not the power of God unto Salvation to everyone that be- lieveth. That you owe nothing to Christianity and that heathenism is as good as Chris- tianity, or better. That a good rule is "everyone for himself, and the devil take the hindermost." That we who have larger privileges are not "our brother's keeper." That there is no truth in the Universal Fatherhood and love of God, or in the brotherhood of man. That the cruelties of war and slavery, of witchcraft, child-marriage, and the abominations of heathenism are none of our business. That there is no need for us to work and pray that the Kingdom of God may be . established in the hearts of all men. That there is no such thing as Christian stewardship or personal responsibility to God. Are you willing to take your stand on this platform by asking to be excused from helping toward missionary work?

NILE M1SSION BOAT UIBISU AT

Built originally for Sa'id Pasha, Viceroy of Egypt. Later bough~ by the .Amencan Mission. Rebought and remodeled by H . H . the Maharajah Dhuhp Singh and presell1ted by him to the Mission in 1874. Used for reaching the Ni.e villages with the Gospel, AMERICA'S CONTRIBUTION TO EGYPT THE YOUNGEST NATION TO THE OLDEST BY REV. FRANCIS E. CLARK, D.D. President of the United Society of Christian Endeavor [!TJ.HAT visions of hoary youth, eager to learn, aspiring to be ant i qui t y the word a noble Christian man, is better than a dead Pharoah. Such youth are . "Egypt" conjures up! gathered by the hundred in the many schools-elementary, secondary, and . The p y ram ids, the of collegiate rank which this great mission has established all up and Sphinx, old Seti I, the down the Nile. Yet I am told that not one American visitor to Egypt . Pharoah of the oppres- in ten, perhaps, not one in a hundred, ever VISits this miSSIOn and its sion, lying in his musty cerements schools. Every American who has been to Egypt would be ashamed to in the museum at Boulak, with none return home and acknowledge that he had not seen the Pyramid of Gizeh so poor to do him reverence. We or looked into the disfigured face of the Sphinx. He would not go up think of Thebes and Luxor, with to the Second Cataract, and confess that he had never seen the marbles their mighty monuments that stretch of Luxor; but he will return to Amer- ica and never be ashamed to say back to the dawn of recorded time.

But to-day there is something even better worth studying in the land of the Pharoahs, and that is the en- nobling, uplifting work which our American missionaries of the United Presbyterian Church are doing for the youth of Egypt.

If a living dog is better than a dead lion, surely a live Egyptian

THE NEW AMERICAN MISSION BUILDINGS AT ASSIUT that he saw nothing of the fine Amer- while neither Cook nor Clark nor ican college at Assiut, or the impor- any of the tourist agencies make a tant schools at Assuan. specialty of missions. However, if Shepherd's Hotel, one of the most they will believe me, they would noted caravansaries in all the world, . see a phase of Egyptian life quite as is almost directly across the street well worth seeing as a few more from the great American Mission mummies or mosques, if they would building, with its two large audience break away from their chattering rooms, its services in Arabic, Eng- guides for a few hours, and see the lish, Turkish, Armenian, and Italian, new American College for Girls or its large boys' school, its two Chris- some of the many primary mission tion Endeavor meetings, and its abun- schools for boys and girls with which dant evangelistic work. Yet hun- Cairo is dotted.

dreds of Americans stop at this hotel The mission of the United Presby- every season, many of them Chris- terian Church of Egypt is unique in tian men and women, and compara- having a whole nation for its field, tively few of them go across the with few other missions in its terri- street to the Mission building, tho tory, and these (it may be said not its services are advertised in Shep- unkindly) of by no means equal im- herd's and all the other hotels. portance, tho the Church Missionary One excuse which such tourists Society of England is doing a good often make, which has a certain work in some parts of Egypt. The amount of validity, is that they are United Presbyterian Church has done with a party, and are 'hurried by wisely in so largely concentrating its their guides from place to place, men and money in this hopeful and

AMERICA'S CONTRIBUTION TO EGYPT

A THIRD CLASS WARD IN THE MISSION HOSPITAl., ASSI U T, EGYPT fruitful field, and occupying it so it was given to the Mission by the thoroughly from the Delta to the then reigning Khedive, in exchange upper waters of the White Nile. for the building then owned by the Mission, which the Khedive coveted Almost sixty years ago the Mission for one of his own relatives. His began its work in Cairo, the metrop- Majesty (is that the proper title?) olis of Islam, a great city of nearly gave the missionaries several thoua million inhabitants. Here are now sand pounds to boot, and the site six preaching stations, where crowded on which they have built their great services are held every Lord's Day, central premises proved to be an day-schools and boarding-schools for excellent bargain and has constantly boys and girls, an orphanage and a increased in value during all these theological seminary, besides the years. Girls' College before alluded to. No wonder that the score of American The mother of the Mission is Mrs. missionaries in Cairo are kept busy Harvey, whose honored husband, a from morning till night with their pioneer in Egypt, died a few years abundant educational and evangelistic ago; and ·to hear her reminiscences of duties. How so few can accomplish her life here is an education in itself. so much is the only wonder. As she recalls the long journeys up the Nile, which used to take days The Mission is particularly fortu- and weeks (the same. journey which nate in its great central building in can be done on the swift English the very heart of Cairo. The property trains in a few hours); as she tells is said to be worth now nearly a mil- us of the poor Egyptian Christian lion dollars, but was obtained almost woman, who wanted to dedicate her three score years ago for a "ery week-old baby to the Lord's service, modest sum. If I remember aright,

and so placed him on the contribu- Another important center of this tion plate as it was passed on Sun- Mission is at Assiut, two hundred and day; as she remembers, with a merry fifty miles up the Nile. Here is a twinkle in her eye, the rich American great college for men, with hundreds lady who spent a winter at Shepherd's of students, and as fine a body of Hotel, where she had to pay six or young men, judged by their intellieight dollars a day, and who visited gence and earnestness of purpose, as her several times, expressing a great I ever had the privilege of addressing. interest in missions, who said as What a contrast does such a college she was leaving for the last time, offer to the sights which the tourist "I do want to do something for the usually sees as he journeys up the great cause," and prest a silver quar- Nile either by rail or river? He ter into Mrs. Harvey's hand; as the sees beautiful palms, to be sure, shadmissionary of many years' experience owed in the river or the placid carecalls these and many another inci- nals. He sees the verdant fields dent, we realize something of the which have been cultivated for five humor as well as the pathos of mis- thousand years and yet are as rich sionary life. and fertile as ever, thanks to the be- nignant Nile. He gets an occasional Other veterans who are stilI doing glimpse of a pyramid, large or small, valiant service in Cairo are Dr. and or of a ruin that was a ruin two mil- Mrs. Watson, and Dr. and Mrs. Gif- lenniums ago. He sees some signs fen, while Miss Anna Y. Thompson, of the recent prosperity which good tho she has been on the field as long British government and American as almost any of the missionaries, tourists have brought to Egypt. has lost none of her enthusiasm, and is as untiring in her evangelistic But when the traveler looks at the zeal as ever. Who can measure the common people, he sees little imaggregate work of forty years of provement over their condition in the such a life, the hearts comforted, the time of the Pharoahs. The majority ideals exalted, the souls saved! Many of the people are still dirty and half younger missionaries in Cairo and naked. They still live in mud huts, elsewhere in Egypt are worthy suc- with no windows and no chimneys, cessors of the pioneers who have and with doors so low that a donkey made the Mission a synonym for can enter more easily than a man. effective Christian work throughout Scores of villages of such houses he the world. sees, mere square boxes built of dried mud, which would dissolve in The Girls' College of Cairo, tho an hour if a heavy shower ever visonly three years old, is already over- ited that part of Egypt. crowded, and gives promise of taking its place among the best of higher Thus the traveler journeys up the educational schools, while at the same great river until Assiut is reached. time it gives no signs of yielding to Then what a new sight breaks upon the temptation to which some girls' his eyes, wearied with the drab moschools both at home and abroad notony of the mud villages. Look! have yielded, of subordinating the Thete is a fine American College, spiritual to the intellectual. visible for a long distance as the

SYNOD OF THE NILE-MARCH~

CLASS, 1909, GIRLS' BOARDING SCHOOL, NOW CAIRO GIRLS'

The Late Miss Ella O. Ky le, the Principal, Seated in the Center

AMERICA'S CONTRIBUTION TO EGYPT

train approaches the city, its six or of the rich contrast strangely with eight white stone buildings glistening the mud hovels of the poor, but we in the tropical sun. feel that the only influence that can really transform the hovel is found We soon enter the admirably ap- in the college, the church, the great pointed college grounds. It seems girls' school, and the mission hospilike a little earthly paradise after tal of Assiut, for in these the Spirit the long ride with the fine dust of of Christ reigns. the Desert of Sahara sifting in at every crack. Here are flower beds America has sent many bad things THE ASSIUT PRESBYTERIAN CHl)f,.CH CARED FOR BY AN EGyPTIAN PASTOR full of glorious bloom, lawn-tennis to the Orient, the saloon, the godless courts and a football field crowded traveler, the merchant intent only with athletic young Egyptians, for it on the almighty dollar, but we feel is the recreation hour when we ar- that she has done much to redeem rive. Here are commodious recita- her credit and to turn the balance tion halls, laboratories, and teachers' to the other side by establishing such residences (the students' dormitories institutions as those I have described are some distance away in the city), at Cairo and Assiut, and for these and above all there is the spirit of institutions credit is alone due, under Christian enterprise, of true gentle- God, to the American missionary. manliness, of clean sport and earnest studiousness. The college is a direct feeder of the mission. Most of its graduates As we go into the city the palaces have gone into the ministry or into

distinctive religious work, special re- the good work which the nearly one vivals are frequently enjoyed, when hundred and fifty Americans conmany of the students confess Christ, nected with this mission are doing and scarcely does a young man grad- in the Master's name all up and uate without becoming an avowed down the Nile. A strategic position and active Christian. This, it seems in Alexandria, Egypt's great seato me, is the great function of a mis- port, is occupied by Dr. Finney and sionary college. Should I go far his co-laborers, and again as in Cairo wrong if I say that such training in the very heart of the city we find should be the great obj ect of every a splendid missionary plant, every Christian college? Alas! that so inch of which is utilized. In Cairo, many colleges, founded in faith and Alexandria, Assiut and many other prayer and with the sacrificial gifts places are Christian Endeavor soof devout Christians, have so far cieties, scores of them in all, for the wandered from their early purpose society has been used as one of the and highest aim! chief evangelical features of' the Mission. The true design of a Christian college has rarely been better stated than I might enlarge upon the two hunin the opening paragraph of the dred preaching places, the. twelve Assiut College Year-Book for 1912: thousand native converts, the seven- "Assiut Training College was .estab- teen thousand boarding and daylished and is conducted as an evan- scholars, the more than fifty thousand gelical Christian institution. The open patients in hospitals and clinics. Scriptures and the frank and free in- whose bodies every year are helped vestigation of the credentials of the if not healed. But figures mean lit- Christian faith, and its results in the tle unless interpreted by sympathetic individual or nation, are the prime hearts, and all can be summed up in factors in the life of a college. The the thought that as the Nile overaim is to cultivate that upright, re- flows its banks every year, and brings fined, influential Christian manhood, food' and life to all the millions of and the formation of that personal Egypt, so this overflow from the character, which will most uplift man- Christian resources of America is kind, spiritually, morally, i1.1tellectual- bringing the Bread of Life to thouly, physically, socially, politically, eco- sands who will distribute it to other nomically." thousands, until, please God, the spir- itually-hungry millions of this ancient, We have not space to tell more of histori~ land are also fed. the important Nile Mission Press or of SUPERNATURAL-FROM BENEATH "You can not explain the wickedness of the world as merely human. It is human, plus something; and that is why non-Chrh1.ian religions are successful. They are supernaturalfrom beneath.H This, indeed, is a true saying, Elimin'ate Satan from the non-Christian religions ano they would be so powerless that we should have nothing to fe-ar from them. It is the satanic presence and power in them which makes them grip and hold the hearts of men. and which makes them almost invincible. "We wrestle not a'gainst flesh and blood-but against principalities, against powers." JIence, there is but one religion can conquer; it is that one which is s.upernatural-from above. And this religion is the Gospel which has been committed unto us, and which God has commanded to be preached to the ends of the carth.-REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.O.

OF THE CHINESE AMERICANS OF THE PACIFIC

CHRISTIAN WORK FOR ORIENTALS IN AMERICA BY REV. GEO. W. HINMAN mT HE report that Sun Vat in Honolulu, gives to mission work Sen, first provisional for Orientals in America a new dignity president of the new- and significance. ly-formed Republic of China, dated his first No class of immigrants to our impulses to a life of shores exert so profound an influence Christian altruism f~om the days when back upon their native lands as do the he studied in a mission night school Orientals. The sharp contrast be- tween their native customs and Ameri-

can life makes them seem incapable of of the Japanese are in the Pacific and assimilation, a hopelessly alien element mountain States. San Francisco has in the midst of our communities. But 10,000 Chinese and nearly as many the extent to which their standards of Japanese. Los Angeles and Seattle living and their social and religious have very large Japanese populations, ideals are modified by contact with a and Portland, Oregon, a large Chinese Christian environment can only be popUlation. But New York has nearly understood by those who have seen the as many, about 4,600, and Boston, home life of these people in the back Philadelphia, Chicago and St. Louis country villages of China and Japan have Orientals in sufficient numbers from which they have come. When to make the problem of their evanthe Oriental communities in America gelization a vital one to the churches. seem least responsive .to the influences of our civilization, the fault is. usually Besides Chinese and Japanese, there ours more than theirs, for we segre- are in America some 500 'Koreans, gate them in the worst districts of our mostly Christians, 500 Filipinos, and cities, we exploit their peculiarities 3,500 Hindus. and especially their vices for the amusement of tourists, we deny them The Chinese in America are not generous opportunities of develop- truly representative of the whole counment, and then find fault with them try, but come from a small section of because they are backward. Southeast China, between Canton City and Hongkong. They all speak the In spite of the bitterness of feeling Cantonese language, and only those shown toward Orientals, on the Pacific American missionaries who have been Coast especially, it yet remains true stationed in the Canton province are that a profound and uplifting impres- able to assist materially in the work sion has been made, not simply on the for Chinese in America. It is difficult few who have come here, but on the to realize how restricted is the terrimillions of their countrymen. With- tory from which they come, and yet out ill the slightest degree belittling the in spite of this, the returned Chines~ work of American missionaries in immigrants have very strongly affected China and Japan, we may safely as- the religions thinking and the political sert that some of the best missionary and economic development of their nawork done in the Orient has been done tive province, and in turn Canton through the changed ideals of returned province has been a leader in the Oriental emigrants. movements which have made possible the new Republic of China. Altogether about 450,000 Orientals have come to America since r850, of Japanese immigrants have also to a whom less than r50,000 remain in this considerable extent come from a single country. The present Chinese popu- region in the Southwest coast provlation is only one-fifth of the total ar- inces where economic conditions were rivals from China. Japanese came to particularly hard. America in very large numbers between 1900 and J908, but since then Since Asiatic emigrants come to this have been decreasing. About 75 per country almost exc1n"ively for ecocent. of the Chinese and 95 per cent. nomic reasons, hoping in a few years to secure financial indevendence and return to their native land, they are

WORK FOR ORIENTALS IN AMERICA 50

not especially responsive to religious in these night schooJs thought only of appeals. Unlike the early pilg rims to the financial advantage, but few were New England, they do not come seek- able to avoid the definite religious iming liberty to worship God, but liberty pression produced by the personality to make money. But they find them- and the teaching of the missionary. selves seriously handicapped by their Thousands have gone back to their ignorance of the English language, and own countries to testify for Christianmission work is usually begun with the ity with a power that few American night school, which offers to adult Ori- missionaries can exercise. From these MISSION DAY SCHOOL FOR CHINESE CH ILDR EN, SAN FRANCISCO entals an opportunity to increase their night schools have come many who earning capacity by learning to com- gave themselves to the work of the municate with Americans. In hun- ministry, many who undertook addreds of Eastern churches Sunday- vanced studies to prepare themselves schools for teaching English to Chi- for positions of great usefulness in nese have been carried on for many China and Japan. years, but where larger numbers of the Orientals are gathered together, as in Among many instances might be the Coast cities, night schools have mentioned Rev. H. Kehara, converted been held, in which one or two paid in a Methodist mission in California, missionary teachers with volunteer did splendid pioneer foreign missionhelpers give instruction every night. ary service in organizing Japanese mis- Very many of those who have studied sions in Hawaii and Korea. Another product of California Japanese mis-

sions, Mr. Sho Nemoto, has been the number of women were imported for leader of temperance reform in the immoral purposes. The traffic in slave Japanese Parliament, and has secured girls among the Chinese has been al- the passage of a bill against the use of most completely stopt, and few Jap- tobacco by minors. Among the Chi- anese women are admitted except nese there are still large numbers who those who are the wives or promised have become leaders of their people in wives of Japanese residents. Mission- America and in China through the in- ary work for the women of the Ori- spiration and uplift which have come ental races has proved a very effective to them through Christian missions. and useful method. For many years Rev. Ng Poon Chew was educated in heroic work was done in the rescue the Presbyterian Mission of San Fran- of Chinese slave girls by the Presby- cisco, finally graduated from the theo- terian missionary, Miss Donaldina logical seminary, and was ordained as Cameron, and there are now rescue a minister. He is now serving as homes for Chinese girls in San Franeditor of the leading Chinese daily cisco, maintained by the women's mis~ paper of San Francisco, and is in great sionary boards of the Presbyterian and demand as a lecturer on the New the Methodist churches. There are China. Dr. Fong Fou Sec, a gradu- also homes for Japanese girls in Seattle ate of Columbia University, is now and elsewhere. Many are received preparing the text books of reform into these homes who have not fallen movements in China which are being into immoral lives, but who are espe- issued by the hundred thousand from cially exposed to such a danger.

the Commercial Press in Shanghai. Often the young girls who have been Twenty-five years ago he entered a trained in these homes become the mission school in CaHfornia to begin wives of Christian Chinese and Japan- the study of English. ese, and carryon in their own homes In the days when the Oriental popu- and in the training of their children lation was almost exclusively adult the Christian culture which they have ma.l.es, the night school was almost the received.

only means of approach and religious Many missionary visitors attempt to influence. In rec~nt years, however, bring comfort and help as well -as the number of Chinese and Japanese Christian instruction to the Chinese women in America has very largely and Japanese wives and mothers who increased. It is still small in compari- have so much less contact than their son with the number of men, the pro- husbands with the civilizing influences portions for the whole country being of American life. The citadel of su- one Chinese woman to every fourteen perstition and idolatry is often found Chinese men, and one Japanese wo- in the home. The family shrine is kept man to every seven Japanese men. In up and daily worship performed before the Eastern States the proportion of it by the women of the family. Few of women is much smaller, but in the the women have the opportunity to large Oriental centers on the Pacific learn English, and it is particularly Coast family life is coming to be more difficult to reach them except by the common. In the early years of Ori- universal language of kindness: When, ental immigration a very considerable however, they have learned the &pirit

WORK FOR ORIENTALS IN AMERICA

of the missionary, they are more ready the most rewarding of all our work. to accept her teaching about a God of In a few cases day schools are mainlove. tained by the different missions for the education of Chinese and Japanese The Orientals are regarded as the children, but more commonly the chilmost un-American of all the immi- dren attend the public schools, either grants who have poured into our coun- special Oriental schools or along with try. It is taken for granted that the American children, and come to the Chinese are all aliens, and it will be a AN IN.TERDENOMTNATTONAL JAPANESE MISSIONARY SOCIETY, SAN FRANCISCO surprise to many to learn that one out mission for supplementary instruction of every five Chinese in this country after the close of' the public school. is a native-born American. The Jap- Such supplementary instruction is anese are later arrivals, and the pro- often given in the native language of portion of American-born among them the children, teaching them to read and is very much smaller. But much more write the Oriental languages and to commonly than among the Chinese, the memorize Scripture verses and hymns. Japanese immigrants bring or send for While a very considerable proportion their wives and raise families of chil- of the adult Chinese and Japanese dren. population are indifferent to religious appeals or inaccessible to missionaries, The missionary agencies of . the there is no good reason why every churches are now giving a great deal Chinese and Japanese child should not of attention to the work for Chinese be enrolled in a mission school and and Japanese children-in some ways

receive the most careful instruction.' Confucius. But most of the Chine~e Few Oriental parents make any objec- religious worship in America is simply tion to the attendance of their children, a survival of old superstition. The pre- and the impression produced upon the vailing forms of worship are Buddhist children and indirectly upon their pa- and Taoist. Much of the religious rents by sllch schools is very great. feeling and ceremony center about the The results of mission work for reverence for ancestors and the fear Orientals are not to be completely of those spirits which inhabit the fam- realized by a casual inspection of the ily shrine and note the actions of the mission schools. The tide of Oriental household. Good luck characters on emigration is rapidly flowing back to bright red paper are posted conspicu- the countries of Asia. The stream of ously on the door-posts of Chinese pupils coming into the missions for a houses. In I 906, 62 Chinese temples month or a year of study is very great. or joss-houses were reported in Amer- It is impossible to keep track of them. ica-32 in California and IS in New But it is unmistakable that they carry Yark. These temples represent no dis- back very definite impressions to the tinct ecclesiastical organization, have home viI1ages in China and Japan. 110 priests, no missionaries, no relief Few may attain to the highest stand- agencies and no register of members.

ards of Christian civilization, but they No sermon is preached, no sacred day rise so far above the narrow supersti- is kept, and no religious instruction tion of their home villages that they given. They are simply shrines to par- seem to their own people completely ticular gods, where images of Buddha Americanized. Missionaries from the or other deities are set up behind gaily Canton province tell of many whole decorated screeris and worshipers come viIlages transformed by the new spirit to consult the gods as to their fortune of an emigrant returned from Amer- in proposed undertakings.

ica. The children of the emigrants, The Japanese, however, are much however, those who are growing up more active in their religious life and with little knowledge of the land of propaganda. Japanese Buddhists have their ancestors, will be in a very la.rge missionary agencies in many coun- measure true Americans if we provide tries. There are said to be IO mis- them adequate religious instruction sionary districts in the United States and after that receive them with some with headquarters at Kyoto, Japan.

real sincerity into the brotherhood of In 1906 nearly $4,000 were sent from American life. Japan for missionary work in Amer- A very significant phase of religious ica. Thirteen Buddhist temples were work for Orientals in America is that reported in California, with I9 min- done by representatives of their old isters. These temples often closely re- faiths. Some of the Chinese students semble Christian churches, and their in America have sought to strengthen activities embrace the usual round of the authority of Confucianism among institutional work in the Y. M. C. A.

the masses of the Chinese in America. The Buddhist temples maintain regu- Religious services have been held in lar preachers, with services on the Sab- the Chinese theaters and addresses bath, and teach the children in Sunday- given, preaching the moral system of schools and mission day schools.

WORK FOR ORIENTALS lN

Tlhee Buddhist magazines are pub- ever of the significance of Christianity.

lished in America. A very few Amer- The American Bible Society has for icans have joined the Japanese Bud- a few months employed an agent to dhist temples, but most 'of the mission- distribute Bibles among them and hold ary work of the Japanese Buddhists is such services as he could. Rev. C. R.

for their own people, and is undoubt- Hager has maintained a Sunday- edly sincere. Buddhism in Japan bas school for them at Claremont, Cal., but been very largely influenced by Chris- scarcely anything else has been done tianity, and the religion taught in these for them. The Standing Committee temples is a dilution of Christian ethics of American Workers for Orientals, with Buddhist philosophy. Organiza- representing the various missionary tions similar to the Y. 11. C. A. and boards in federated work for Orien- the Y. V. C. A. have been forme<1by tals, bas j list commissioned an edu- Japanese Buddhists. There are in cated and consecrated Christian Hindu America 12 organizations of the Young to take up WOl'k among his own peo- Men's Buddhist Association, and 10 ple on the coast. H is support is to be organizations of the Yonng Women's provided for by several missionary Buddhist Association. boards cooperating, and it is hoped that H indus in America have been almost the reports of his war k to the various absolutely neglected by their co-re- mission boards will stir up the Chris- ligionists in India as well as by the tian church to an adequate provision Christian churches of the coast. The for this neglected people.

masses of the Hindus are Sikhs, tho Following is a summary of organ- a few are Mohammedans. They main- ized work for Orientals, as nearly com- tain the traditions of caste, and some- plete as it has been possible to make times burn the bodies of dead com- it: rades, scattering the ashes on the Boston has 12 Christian schools for rivers, as they did beside the Ganges. Chinese, three of them carrying on In San Francisco there is a large, fine regular work in Chinatown with resi- Hindu temple, but it was not erected dent American or Chinese workers.

for religious instruction to the peo- One is maintained by the American ple of India who come to these shores. Sunday-school Union and one is a Instead, it is the home of sleek and Chinese Y. M. C. A. home. Through- specious Hindu philosophers who seek out New England there are 42 Sun- to persuade Americans that India has day-schools and one independent mis- a better religion. sion for Chinese. Most of them are Since 1907 large numbers of Hindus connected with a Chinese Sunday have come to the Pacific Coast, but school union.

not one in a hundred at them has heard Philadelphia has a Chinese Baptist an intimation that this is a Christian church with a Chinese pastor. It has country. Almost absolutely untouched 30 members with 45 pupils in the Sun- by the religious forces of the country, day-schools and one independent mis- they have wandered from British Co- 5 other active Chinese Sunday-schools lumbia to Mexico, exploited merely for in Philadelphia.

their labor value, and very many of Chicago has 12 schools for Chinese, them return to India as ignorant as maintained by Baptists, Congregation-

alists, Presbyterians and Methodists, 8 three of these are in California. There of them regular missions. There is are 14 maintained by the Methodist I ordained pastor working in the Con- Episcopal Church and 10 each by the gregational mission. About 200 Chi- Presbyterian and Congregational denese attend regularly the different nominations. Two others are indeschools. There is a Chinese Mission pendent missions. Among Koreans Teachers' Association. The Y.M.C.A. there are 8 missions conducted by the has undertaken work for the Jap- Methodists, M. E. South, and Presbyanese in Chicago. terians in 8 places in California. The Catholics have done almost nothing in New York has 5 missions for Chi- mission work for Orientals on the nese, 3 in Chinatown, Episcopal, Bap- Coast. tist and Methodist, a Presbyterian mission in another part of the city, an- With the largest Chinese population, other Baptist mission in Brooklyn. San Francisco is naturally the center The Presbyterian mission has an or- of Chinese missionary work, with dainecl pastor, an organized church of I I missions under 7 denomina- 43 members, a Sunday-school enroll- tions. Fine buildings have been ment of 112, and contributions for va- erected for the work of the Baptist, rious purposes, amounting to $1 ,500. Congregational, Episcopalian, Metho- A few other churches have Chinese dist and Presbyterian missions. The classes in connection with the Sunday- cities across the bay from San Franschool. No Christian denomination cisco, Oakland, Alameda and Berkeley, owns property occupied as a Chinese have II missions, carried on by mISSIon. There are 3 Japanese mis- 7 denominations, twice as many in sions in and about New York, I is car- proportion to the popUlation as in San ried on by the Methodists, I undenomi- Francisco, but with much less equip- ~:ational, and I under the Y. M. C. A. ment for the work. Los Angeles has in Brooklyn. 8 missions for the Chinese, carried on by 6 denominations, Sacramento 4, and Some mission work is done for the Seattle 2. Chinese in St. Louis, New Orleans, EI Paso, Kansas City, Denver, Salt Lake The great centers of Japanese popu- City, and at points in New Mexico and lation on the Pacific Coast are Los Arizona. Angeles, San Francisco and Seattle. There are 7 churches and missions in On the Pacific Coast there are 54 Los Angeles, and 3 more in suburban missions for the Chinese in 25 towns towns, conducted by 7 denominations. and cities, carried on by 7 denomi- There are 5 missions in Seattle, under nations, Methodist, Baptist, Presby- as many denominations. Several of terian, Congregational, Episcopalian, the Japanese missions in Seattle are Christian (Disciples), Cumberland well equipped with buildings. In San Presbyterian, and 3 independent mis- Francisco and the Bay district, 16 sions. For Japanese there are 72 mis- churches and missions for Japanese sions in 40 cities and towns, carried are maintained by 8 denominations. on by 9 denominations, all of the There is also a Japanese Y. M. C. A. above, except Cumberland Presbyter-' and an independent mission. The ian, and in addition, Friends, German Methodists have a fine building for Reformed, and M. E. South. Forty-

WORK FOR ORIENTALS iN

their Japanese church and school in throughout the United States, no re- San Francisco, but in general much porting of the total number of conver- less has been done in the way of proper sions or presentation of the influence housing for the Japanese mission work upon China and Japan of those who than of the Chinese. have been converted in this country, A most interesting development of seems to the missionary worker so im- the work for Chinese in Chicago is the pressive and so satisfactory as the recent organization of a union Chi- establishment here in AmeriCa of nese church, various denominations strong, well-organized Chinese and which had previously maintained sep- Japanese churches. These churches arate work uniting in what ought to be a very strong central organization.

Mission work for Chinese in New York is pitifully inadequate. Tho that city is the third in Chinese population in the United States, comparatively little impression has been made upon the community by the religious work done. One special reason for the bar- renness of the soil religiously is, how- ever, the fact that the community is far from bcing a normal one. A com- munity largely of adult males, with- out the restraints and interests of fam- ily hfe, purely commercial in its in- stincts, and in addition exploited for the sake of curiosity and vice, is not a promising field for missionary en- deavor. The segregation of the Chi- nese among the lowest .outcasts of REV. NG POON CHEW American life puts a terrible handicap upon any agencies which seek to give Editor of the Chinese and Western Daily Reporter them American Christianity. have their own Chinese or Japanese Comparatively few Japanese are to pastors, who conduct services in their be found in the Eastern cities, and native language, and in some cases are where they are gathered in any num- self-supporting; they show initiative, ber, work is being begun for them and take responsibility for advanced under the auspices of the Y. M. C. A. missionary work both in their own Many are working on the railroads in land and in neglected communities of the intermountain district of the West, Orientals in the United States. They and a special Y. M. C. A. secretary, organize Sunday-schools, hold prayer a Japanese, has been appointed to look meetings and conduct special evan- after the religious interests of the gelistic campaigns. The Chinese of Japanese on the Union Pacific lines. . San Francisco have recently held union No listing of the many missions meetings at which 500 were present.

maintained for Chinese and Japanese The Japanese have an interdenomina-

tional missionary society which sends ists, preaching in the native languages. missionaries to the t111reachcd agricul- Plans are now being made by which tural COl111l1ul1Ihes throughout the the various missions acting together State. The union magazine of the may send out trained Chinese and Chinese is called the Radiator or Light ] apanese preachers to reach these Bearer, and the Japanese union maga- neglected fields. The greatest need of zine is entitled the New Heaven and Oriental mission work at present is the IVew Earth. Japanese Christians for special funds to commission conmanifest in their religious work the secrated evangelists for this work. same enterprise, ambition and desire for independence which they show in Not less important, however, than their business and political relations. the reaching of all Orientals in Amer- Chinese, until the recent revolution, ica with the message of Christianity, were more inclined to depend upon is the development of a more cordial American aid and direction, but the brotherly spirit toward them on the emancipation of the Chinese people part of Americans. The progress of from Manchu tyranny has made a re- mission work is greatly handicapped markable change in their disposition to by the racial prejudices so often rehear the gospel and to take upon them- vealed in intercourse with the Orienselves the responsibility for church tals. Those who assert that the Oriwork and missionary extension. ental can never be assimilated, tacitly assume that he can never be Chris- Japanese in America give more at- tianized. The social implications of tention to the extension of Christian Christianity-justice, kindness and work among their own people here, mutual respect-are just as quickly altho many go back and give personal perceived by an Oriental as by an service in the evangelization of Japan. American, and an offer of Christianity which does not promise also the recog- In view of the considerable amount nition of brotherhood, too often fails of work for Chinese and Japanese re- to appeal to the Oriental in America. ported above, it might appear that the Christian churches of America were The program of Oriental mission doing their full duty in this foreign work is plain and simple. God has missionary work at home. Very care- sent to us a comparatively small numful investigations have been made, ber of representatives from Eastern however, in connection with the Home lands, to whom we may give an object Mission Council's Consultation upon lesson as to what Christianity is and Vestern Neglected Fields, which re- what are its effects. Most of these veal the fact that in California alone Orientals will return to their own land there are about 14,000 Chinese and as missionaries of the gospel we give as many Japanese scattered through them. Their whole life here is a trainthe country, remote from missionary ing school, and we are to determine centers, who are practically untouched the character of the instruction, by Christian influences. The best whether it shall~ be a knowledge of thought of expert Christian workers God and His love revealed through for Orientals recognizes that these men, or a training in greed and a country communities of Orientals can revelation of the vices and the prej uonly be reached by traveling evangel- dices of so-called Christian people.

THE WOMEN IN SOUTH AMERICA*

BY MISS FLORENCE SMITH, VALPARA]SO, CH]LE eN Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions orth) OMAN! it is a word to us the cup of pleasure, that mysterious IWI conjure with in Latin cup that traitorously hides in its America. From Mon- depths the bitter dregs of remorse and terey to Punta Arenas, _pain.

"All that there is of beauty, tender. from Peru to Uruguay, -ness, sweetness and sublimity increa- a Woman is exalted tion brings to memory the name of our and enthroned. In the cathedral of Celestial Mother, that name which the every metropolis, in every church in evening zephyr whispers, that name town and village, in every chapel of before 'which the most powerful inthe country-side, a Woman reigns su- telligences of the highest seraphim humble themselves-Mary, the queen preme. From the top of San Cris- of grace, the sovereign of love, the tobal, the mountain which dominates comfort of all who suffer, the charmer the entire Santiago plain, a colossal of the world. Enthusiastic hymris of statue of the Virgin Mary looks down praise ascend to her throne, and she upon hundreds of thousands of faith- is the everlasting fountain of grace and benediction to all her sons."

ful devotees. To be sure, it is a stony ear which she turns cityward, but the Surely in a land which has exalted cries which ascend to her might rend the ideal of a sinless, unstained wo- a heart of stone. manhood above every other ideal, we In a paper, bearing the official may hope to find actual womanhood benediction of the Papal Nuncio raised to a level of purity, of intelli- published in Valparaiso last Decem- gence, of culture unknown elsewhere.

ber, we read the following: "One Is it not a legitimate 'expectation, when name we have engraved upon our we consider that for 400 years there hearts with indelible characters, name has been no power, political, economic, to our lips sweeter than honey from social or religious, to gainsay the propthe honeycomb, and which sounds agation of that ideal, nor any lack of more gratefully in our ears than all the harmonies of the world. This material or human instruments to em- dear name that makes angels wonder body and proclaim it?

and enamors men, that enfolds all the How has it worked out? Ask the beauties of heaven and excels those of nature, is the name of Mary Immacu- women of Colombia as they work with late, the Mother of Beautiful Love. pickax and shovel on the highway, or When the two supreme emotions of stagger under burdens too heavy to be pain and joy embargo our being, that borne. Ask the women street-car conname rises spontaneously from our heart to our lips, because the divine ductors of OJ.ile. Ask the multitudes music of that sweetest sound calms of women in the whole continent, the pain of €lur soul; and at the same who have lost honor, self-respect and time, the name of Mary is the only hope. Ask the mothers of the 40,767 song of praise her devout son knows babies who died in Chile alone in ]909, how to raise when joy floods his soul. less than I year old, because of alco- "Immaculate Mary, be thou our refuge when the brilliant and deceptive holism and anti-hygienic conditions.

fantasies of temptation smilingly offer Ask the Bolivian Indian mother as * An address at the Conference on Missions to Latin America, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, March 12 and 13, 1913.

she sings this lullaby to her newborn plies equally well to many other parts babe: of the continent.

"In a night of torment. was I con- A story is told of a young AmeriCan ceived; therefore I am hke a cl~ud who, having business in' South Amer- ica carried letters of introduction to dwihssicohl~edsairnktewairtshabt itthteernsleisgshtaenstdbgrenaetfh, a p'rominent family in one of its large cltles. At the first opportunity he of the wind of adversity. Thou, little sought to present his letters. The house was charming, with its wide one, hast come to a sad refuge. The corridors and inner court, where the rain and the torment have been thy fountain and the palms presented a cradle. Abandoned and alone, I er.r~d, most refreshing contrast to the glare of seeking a loving heart. No oneYlt1es the street. The mother, fashionably my misery. Cursed. be my ,blrth- drest, rotund and smiling, received cursed my conceptIOn-cursed the world-cursed all things-cursed myself."

Not only has Mariolatry not worked him most cordially and presented him out to the uplifting of Latin American to her 5 fashionably drest, rotund and smiling daughters, who were womanhood, but it has had a definite seated in a row in 5 bentwood rockinfluence in degrading the marriage re- ing-chairs in the salon. The young lation and the sanctity of motherhood. man, eager to make a good impression, Mary, the Virgin Mother, is spotless; sought anxiously ,suitable topics of Mary, the mother of James and Joseph conversation. A grand piano gave and Judas and Simon, is defiled. On him the cue: the one hand it has upheld celibacy, teaching that all love is lust; on the "I suppose you are all very musical," other, it has dragged its own priest- he began. "No doubt you sing as weII hood through the mire of profligacy. as play the piano?"

Sr. Arguedas in his book entitled "Oh, no; we play very little-it is "A Sick People-a Contribution to the Psychology of Spanish American Peo- such trouble to practise." "Ah! perhaps you incline to art. ples" (published in I 909) says that the women of Bolivia (referring only You 'draw and paint, do you not?"

"Oh, no; not at all. It is such a stupid pastime." to white women of the aristocratic class) "yet remain in the condition "WeIl, of course, it might be a little in which women of the Middle Ages arduous for such hot weather. I have lived," and quotes from a leading always heard, now I come to think about it, that South American girls are newspaper of Bolivia this arraignment of upper class young women: very domestic. No doubt you can all cook delectably, and do any quantity "The girls of to-day are fo?lish and unsubstantial because ever smce they of that exquisite embroidery."

were IO years old, they know nothing "Indeed not. That is the cook's but how to do their hair in this man- business. And as for the embroidery, ner or tlhataet~t and to dress themselves it is much easier to buy it from the in the fashion; while all the Nuns."

time they know not how to. read or "Well, and what do you do, if I write, to sew nor to cook-m short, may ask?" inquired the embarrassed nothing." ". This was written of BolIVIa-It ap- young man.

THE WOMEN IN SOUTH

"Oh, we just rock," was the reply. proved good and obedient after 6 Are then the women of Latin Amer- months."

ica in general more foolish and empty- Or, as the Indian woman's lullaby headed, more ignorant and immoral says: than our own women? There is but "Abandoned and alone, I erred, one answer-a sad affirmative. Is it seeking a loving heart."

to their shame that it must be said? These are not suppositious excuses.

No! a thousand times, No! But to They are actual statements, written in the shame of their environment, and letters of blood in God's book of re- to the everlasting shame of the Roman membrance. Who will deny that thet;e Hierarchy which through four centur- is a work to be done for the women ies has exploited them, and instead of of Latin America?

the Bread of Life has presented to What Are We Doing? them a dead Christ and an ideal of womanhood which is at once a blas- According t 0 the World A tlas of phemy and a mockery. Ignorant, they Christian Missions for' 19II, there are certainly are. In Chile, one of the most actually working in South America, enlighted of the South American re- Central America and Mexico, 354 marpublics, 60 per cent. of the entire ried women missionaries, and 234 population are said to be illiterate. As single women, including all American, Mr. Speer aptly says in his "South British and international societies of American Problems": "With the op- every denomination. Of these, 24I portunty and resources of the Catholic married women and 151 single women Church, the Protestant missionaries represent the American Church. now at work in South America would There is a great work for married wogive the continent more and better men to do. A real home is an object education in 20 years than it has re- lesson in a universal language, but it ceived in the last 300." must be an open home. It must be open to all classes and conditions of Immoral? Perhaps, as we count women, from the aristocratic, highimmorality.. But who of us dares to born senora to the dirty and unworthy say that, given their heritage, their woman of the street. It must be open ignorance, their temptations, we at all hours, at the expense of muchshould not have sunk so low? Lis- desired privacy and legitimate leisure. ten- It must be free from every sugges- tion of patronage or condescension. "I was only 14-1 knew nothing; Many missionary wives are doing a my mother sold me."

"The times were hard; I had no great work in the cities in which they work, and a sick sister to feed." live, in connection with established "I was an orphan; my aunt churches and schools, but many are so tired of me and connived with an tied by household cares and responsi- evil woman who caused me to be bilities that it is the exceptional mis- drugged." sionary wife who is able to do aggres- "My own father seduced me." sive work outside of her own home "I did not know how to work-to and church.

beg I was ashamed." Of the lSI unmarried women rep- "He promised to marry me if I resenting American boards in Latin

America, all but 9 are in school work, the South American Missionary Soand that number might be doubled, or ciety mentions 28 single women, but even trebled, and still not touch more it is not stated how many of these, than the circumference of the existing if any, do evangelistic work. For the need. I believe there is scarcely a sake of argument we might add 6 town of IO,OOO people throughout the more, which would give each one a length and breadth of the South parish of I,ooo,ooo in round numbers. American continent where a Christian It is a little difficult to account for school might not be established, pay- the neglect of this kind of work in il)g from the beginning one-half, at Latin America. The Presbyterian least, of its running expenses, and Board alone has in China 20 unmarwhere the young women who should ried women in evangelistic work, in be willing to sink their lives in it India IO, in Japan IO, and in Korea would not reap a harvest of one hundred fold. Especially productive of I4· results are the boarding-schools. It is 1. There is a great field of work wonderful to see the changes wrought in the lives of boys and girls, even open to such women in following up after a few weeks spent in an atmos- educational work. Every school phere of real Christian kindliness and opened in Latin Ameriea means an effort. entrance at once into scores of homes. The teachers themselves can not do But it is not of this class of work, this work. It is not fair to expect effective and productive tho it be, that that they should. All mission schools I wish to speak. It is of the work of are undermanned, in both educational the other 9. and domestic departments. Most teachers have extra classes or social I have examined quite carefully the work for evenings and Saturdays. It reports of 7 boards working in Mex- is physically impossible for them to ico, Central and South America, and follow up the avenues of influence have found exceedingly meager ref- opened to them through the school. erences to the evangelistic work being Take, for example, the Escuela Popudone by women. The Presbyterian lar in Valparaiso, with 300 children Board has but 3 women for that work in the central school and 200 more in this entire field. The Domestic and in the 5 neighborhood schools scattered Foreign Missionary Society of the over a radius of IO miles. The princi- Episcopal Church mention 2 deacon- pal of that school teaches half of the esses, the Baptist Board I nurse, and day, and visits and teaches English in the Southern Baptist Board 2 women each of the neighborhood schools every evangelists and a third, who is also a week; she is without help in the overteacher, who gives a part of her time sight and management of the boarding to evangelistic tours. This makes a department; she holds a weekly norgrand total of 9 single women to do mal class for her teachers, a mid-week the work of evangelization among the evangelistic service, and a Sunday- 15,000,000 of adult women, which is a school for 100 children on Sabbath conservative estimate. It may be, of morning. Can she work among the course, that there are others whose families of the school children in adwork is not reported. For instance, dition? And yet at least one-half of

THE WOMEN IN SOUTH

the effectiveness of the Escuela Popu- told that one worker could not prop- lar, as a missionary agency, is entirely erly care for the spiritual needs of lost, simply because there has never more than 30 families. A successful been a young woman who could give senior worker in an uptown church in her entire time to following it up. New York told me that 100 families The Escuela Popular draws children constituted her parish. Think of it! from the upper middle class who can In Valparaiso alone, there are IS hills, be reached by the gospel in no other each with a population of 10,000, and way. Many of them are socially su- IS young women might sink their lives perior to our humble chapel services. on those IS hills, working night and Many of them, having become disillu- day. I know a New York suburb of sioned in regard to the professions of 10,000 people where there are 6 Prot- the dominant church, have drifted to estant churches, with 6 ordained pas- the extreme of open indifference and tors, a city missionary, a city club, a godlessness. In the school, each child civic league, a woman's club, a hospi- has his Testament and his hymn-book. tal, a home for crippled children, a He takes them home. Who shall open day nursery, a babies' dispensary, to them up and explain their message to say nothing of public and private the mothers? The child has advan- schools which make for righteousness, tages which his mother has not, super- and where, when some existing slum stition loses its hold upon his open- conditions were brought to their no- ing mind; too often this reacts upon tice-conditions which are the normal, his home and parental authority-he every-day occurrence in South Amer- involuntarily comes to depreciate that ica-over 100 Christian women rose which can not keep pace with himself, up, eager to put a shoulder to the and to rebel against parental restraint wheel of social reform. It is not that and discipline. The fault is not with we would have fewer instruments of the child-it is the misfortune of the righteousness in New York suburbs, mother. How often one hears it said, but oh! we do appeal for more for "Oh, let us work for the children, the Latin Ameril;a. old folks are hopeless." My heart goes It is readily understood, therefore, out to those hundreds of thousands of that the present force of single women women, ignorant and superstitious, if in South America would be totally in- you will, but many of them toiling on adequate to the needs of even one city day after day, faithful to the light like Valparaiso. How, then, shall we they have, uncomplaining, never compass this great work? By train- dreaming to overturn existing social ing Latin American women to do it. conditions by revolt, sacrificing them- This is the second great work for mis- selves that their boys and girls may sionary women evangelists to do. have advantages they never dreamed There are noble women in the Evanof. Shall nothing be done for them? gelical churches in Latin America, who 2. But if Latin American women have been educated in mission schools, are to be evangelized, it must be done wives of pastors and evangelists, of by Latin American women themselves, elders and deacons, eager to help their -otherwise the problem is truly hope- countrywomen, but they do not know less. At the Bible Institute we were how. Many of them do yeoman ser-

vice in opening their houses for neigh- This work should not be limited to borhood meetings, even tho it often one church or to one city. Here is the means a persecution before which danger. The suction of organized many an American woman would. work is tremendous. Here is some- quail. Any number can be found who thing definite already begun, says one.

are eager to accompany the mission- Is it not better to put all my weight ary on a round of visits in their neigh- here, in building up this good work, borhood. It is true that many who rather than to spread myself out over are most capable are most tied down fields where nothing has been begun?

by domestic conditions; perhaps the And before one realizes it, he is swal- majority of middle class women in lowed up in the vortex of church or Latin America help their husbands in institutional activity, very good in it- some way to earn the family income. self, and he is doing the work him- But much volunteer work can be done, self, with I pair of hands which he and that is the best sort of work. sr.o!'!d be training 10 other people to Where women show unusual aptitude, do with 10 pairs of hands. In every a small sum to recompense them for field there are small churches, or coun- the 3 or 4 hours taken away from try groups, where most effective work other work will often open the way may be done in organizing Sunday for really efficient service. I believe schools, helping the pastor's wife and that groups of such women could be training a selected group of women.

formed in many of our Latin Amer- One woman evangelist might easily ican churches, and banded together for h:,IC a chain of 15 or 20 such groups, systematic Bible study and aggressive to be visited and supervised success- evangelistic work in town or city. ively.

They know their people. They them- 3. There is still another field open selves have suffered in spiritual dark- to the woman evangelist, and that is ness. They know the Latin ways of the work which Miss Williamson in thinking. The best-intentioned for- Brazil and Miss Scott in Colomhia are eigner in the world makes more blun- doing. Miss Scott had heard the call ders during the first IO years of his of the women ringiiIg in her ears for missionary service than all the good years, but she was bound hard and he accomplishes can atone for. Great fast in the daily routine of an under- care must be exercised in choosing manned school. And it was not with- these women. They must be married out many pangs of misgiving, and women. They must be of good report. growing pains on the part of the mis- They must be taught to hold their sion, that she finally wrenched herself tongues. But I believe that we err in free. First, she went alone to live requiring too high a standard of birth in a little village 20 miles away, where or education of them. One of the there was I Christian family, follow- most effective personal workers I ing up such opportunities as came her know is a woman of the ignorant, way, or which she could make for her- lower class, but she knows the Savior self. Now she is in Cartagena, the and the Gospel. Each one has abun- seat of the old Spanish Inquisition, dant opportunities on her own class a walled city, and with a second wall level. of fanaticism and superstition reach-

THE WOMEN IN SOUTH

ing unto the heavens. No work had should be careful to have the backbeen done in Cartagena; it was deemed ground of -a home, however humble. by many absolutely impossible to do She may have to establish a school as any work there. But Miss Scott went an opening wedge in S0me places, but in quietly and unobtrusively with an it would be only an elementary school, earnest evangelist, a Spaniard, and his and she would seldom have to teach wife, and there, outside the city wall, it herself; she might often have to I visited her in November. A tiny teach the teacher. four-roOlped cottage accommodated To sum up, then, many more women her and the evangelist's family, and should be sent to Latin America for housed a day school in charge of a Co- evangelistic worklombian teach~r besides. And Sr. Re- 1St. To follow up school work aldOJl.lo was holding neighborhood meet- ready existing. ings every night in the week, with an 2nd. To train Latin American atttncldnce of over 100 at each. Doors, Bible women. windows, patios, adjacent walls, all 3rd. To travel among the smaller crowded to hear the wonderful word~ churches, stimulating and supplementof life. And what Miss Scott has ing the work of the pastor's wife. done and is doing in Cartagena can be 4th. To open new fields in company done in thousand.s of towns and vil- with a national evangelist. lages all over Latin America. It re- In closing his masterly plea for the quires courage. It requires grit. people of Bolivia, Sr. Arguedas, quot- Above all it requires large views and ing Do~ Joaquin Costa of Spain, the deep-grounded belief that what the says: word of Goel did in the days Qf Paul "It should be the first care of the it will do to-day, provided its messen- Republic to create men, to make men. gers are found faithful as Paul was. There will never be any other Spain One great advantage of this kind than that which emanates from the of work is that it requires practically brains of Spaniards. Therefore, the no equipment. There is a great dan- Republic must be a husbandman, a culger of our becoming, in our mission- tivator of souls, and should with perary enterprises, dependent upon bricks sistent effort go on plowing, and .sowand mortar. A rented native house, a ing in every spirit the seed of the nacamp cot and some army blankets, to tion." And he adds: "For Spain read be rolled up in smallest compass, a Bolivia. To create men-that! that is baby organ and a picture roll are what Boliyia neecls !" equipment enough. A young woman To create men! Where shall we becloil}g this work in Latin America gin? Shall it not be with the mothers?

"There are morel men preaching the Gospel than there are laymen practising steward- ship to the full. Tbe need is for a larger number of men who will take the Christian pnnciples of giving and bind their lives practically under their domina'ting control."- ROBERT E. SPEER.

VISITING SOLOMON ISLAND MISSION SCHOO!.'

THE GOSPEL IN THE SOLOTvION ISLES BY DR. NORTH COTE DECK, AOLA, SOLOMON rSLANDS* Missionary of the South Sea Evangelical Mission R 0 U N D the river's Month after month, ship after ship sailed in, a never wearying stream, and El~ bend there came a dis- knowing as I do the island life I do A. tant sound of cheering. not wonder that they found our land A moment and a ship a haven of rest, a place of food and ~ moved r~und the man- quietness. grove pomt and headed up the home reach to the town. She Even to-day in many districts in seemed en fete, her masts and rigging the Solomons, for weeks the people gay with colors, waving in the breeze, may not dare to sleep in huts, for fear which presently resolved itself into the of being murdered on their mats, but forms of dark-skinned men, shouting shelter anywhere out in the scrub and and cheering, swarming up the rigging. in the rain. Under the swaying, drip- They were Kanakas, come from isl- ping branches they sit in darkness and ands wild and far away. They came the shadow of death, to creep back to see the world and work the sugar with the dawn and cook their scanty cane of Queensland in Australia. In food by stealth. many cases they were refugees, escaping for their lives from fierce vendettas And so they fled across the sea in raging in their native forests. scores, until all up and down the land ten thousand of these "boys" dotted *British Representative, 11rs. Gates) Crescent Rd. Brentwood, Essex; U. S. A. Representative, <.:- H. Denison, Jamaica. New York City.

GOSPEL IN THE SOLOMON

A WAR CANOE OF THE SOLOMON lSLANDS the cane fields, gathering in the har- in common, these men of Babel, come vest. from scores of islands, was pigeon English: a language never meant to So still they came and spread and tell about the cross or to explain the worked, and, finishing their time, re- need of human hearts. Its words turned across the sea with precious were meager, simple, limited and boxes filled with wonders of the west: only suited for their daily work. gay calicoes and beads, mirrors, watches and knives. But not a man Yet, counting on God's Holy Spirit took back the message that the Lord and disregarding education, for the had died; for no one gave them news time was short, Miss Young was led and warning of the wrath to come. of God to use His word, His word Al! this was 30 years ago. Then alone. That word which in believing there came into one heart the feeling, hands can never return void. And Christ had died for even these, and that first stand upon God's word has so Miss Florence Young, of Bunda- never shaken yet, but has proved the berg, began a simple class among the stepping stone to untold blessing as "boys" near by. At first progress was the years went by. For God's own slow. As, then, without experience, word has still its ancient power, and Miss Young with constant prayer, it is still the only bread of life. So sought for the road by which they as the "boys" in simple words were might be led through Christ to God. taught, night after night- how all had sinned; how great man's need; how The only language that they learned

God had made a way when Christ and multiplied until the Queensland had died upon the cross; somehow Kanaka Mission, as then it was called, the news seemed good; it met a need had 19 white missionaries wholly en- and filled a longing in their hearts. So gaged in the work, with scores of de- one by one they found the Master and voted native teachers, while 2,484 men their live's began to change. From and women had been baptized after evidence of change in their lives.

Then came the Exodus, seven years ago, when Australia deported the boys "en masse" to their island homes.

The returning Christians fell over the Solomons like a deluge.

Some of the converts have gone in- land, but aU around the coast, little bands of Christians collected here and there in villages, bui lt churches, and began to teach. Now out of the dark- ness of wild Malaita there shine, as it were, more than 40 lighthouses for the King of Glory, sending their beams far inland among the heathen and lighting numbers into the Kingdom of God.

When the "boys" were returned to their island homes, the missionaries followed their flock , and six years ago the South Sea Evangelical Mission was formed by Miss Young in the islands.

A SOLOMON ISLANDS BUSHMAN On the coast of Malaita a training such a small beginning grew this work, school is established, where at Baunani and presently the planters round, who over a hundred pupils are preparing ridiculed the thought that savages like to go out as teachers all over the isl- these had souls to save, began to ask ands. On the shores of a beautiful for Christian boys because they found harbor at Onepusu nestles the train- them better workmen. And then the ing college for women. There are work grew st~adily, year after year, now five white stations with 16 mis- and spread all over Queensland like sionaries engaged in the work, as well a giant creeper, till the far-away as the vessel Evangel, on which I live northern plantations were reached and and visit from harbor to harbor the won, and in every plantation and sugar 60 native out stations on the several district in Queensland several bands islands of Malaita, Makira and Guad- of one-time cannibals met morning and alcanar. Last year God's bountiful night to worship the one true God and harvest included 200 men and women, to wait for His Son from heaven. baptized after careful probation and For 24 years the work increased teaching.

BLACK*

A REVIEW BY REV. WILLIAM J. HUTCHINS, OBERLIN, OHIO HE history lying behind an expedition against the Arabs, and the ambassador of peace must main- I lTI the volume is this: In tain within the fort the discipline of 1889 Dan Crawford the army. Shut off to the north and started from Benguella, west and south by reactionists among Angola, thence made a journey of 32 months the natives and the Arabs, Crawford eastward, coming at last to the country now made his journey "sub silentio,"

of the famous, infamous Chief Mu- as he p1tts it, eastward until he reached shidi in his "Babylon" of Bunkeya. the shores of Lake Mweru, discovered We get the idea of the general situa- years before by Livingstone. "Even tion from this statement: "Out in the to this remote day alI around Lake Far West, in r890, our nearest ecclesi- Mweru they sing a Livingstone song, astical neighbors are those splendid to commemorate the great pathborer, American Board men, distant 800 the good doctor being such a federal miles at Bihe. Then, turnipg south, head of his race that he is known far our nearest Christian neighbor is the and wide as Ingeresa, or The English- sainted Coillard, far down in the man." Here on the northern edge of Barotse Valley, 600 miles away. the great lake, our author planted his Looking north toward the Equator, mission and fought his fight for two and a good r,ooo miles off, are the decades against Africa for the African.

graves of the Combers on the Kongo. But the book is not an autobiog- Nearer still, our good friends on raphy, nor primarily a study of mis- Tanganyika Plateau, the L. M. S. sion methods. It is rather an effort to ~ .. But the best wine comes last, and let us into the African mind, so that the crowning boon of all is Living- we may "think black." We are led stonia, on the far eastern sky-line. into the black man's country by one of Four hundred miles distant, there you those 10,000 trails which twist their have 'the Bishop of Central Africa,' way around dead trunks of trees, Dr. Robert Laws." At Bunkeya the around stones and shags; and the writer stayed for long with his com- writer meditates, "Take the necessary rades, trying to influence the luxurious monotonous Indian file this same nar- and licentious brute Mushidi, until the row trail of ours involves. There is kingdom went down in ruins. After a whole' negro philosophy of 'follow experiencing near-starvation, and find- your leader' meaning in this. . . . The ing the station impossible, Crawford slaves of precedent, they dog the steps prest on to a point east of the Lufira of 1,000 ancestors. Precedent, not River, but here his entire settlement principle, is their black law." We was desolated by an unexpected flood. share with the writer the lonely desert By one of those strange turns of journey, where the only water to be events so characteristic of African life, had is got by digging, where the won- he was left in charge of a Belgian fort, derful mirage sends blacks with the while the commandant went out upon white man in search of the lake that *By D. Crawford, F.R.G.S. Morgan and Scott, London. George H. Doran Company, New York, $2.00 net.

is not there. Then we are introduced box. -He gestures "infinitely," and until to the land of the long grass, of the one learns the meaning of the African lions, the crocodiles and the hippo- gesture, he does well not to emphasize potami, the land of endless varieties of an argument with the pointed finger, birds and, alas, insects. "In Luba- "for do you not point three fingers land, as I now write, whole towns are at yourself at the same time?"

being swept off the map" by the sleep- Again it is worth while to know ing sickness. whether a chief, full of beer, as he We pass from vivid descriptions spits in your face is paying you an in- of the country which dominates the sult or rather a compliment. And this black mind to equally vivid de- leads one to the stories of the endless scriptions of the people with whom the law-suits which distract the life of black man must compete. There are every hamlet. A law-suit is begun be- the Portuguese, with their rum or cause a man has been called Mr. Tree "nigger-killer," with their fort, ado instead of Mr. Baggage. A law-suit ministering unjust justice. "Why," is begun because a man has rushed into said a native, "should I go to the fort a hut to avoid the rain and has per- for help against the fort? Why go mitted some drops of rain to fall on to the Chefe? Is it worth while to ask the floor of the hut. Then there is the the river to champion your cause horrible system of Nkole, or surety- against the lake, when you can only ship, which involves in the results of get water from either?" A man will crime hosts of innocent men, women not soon forget the picture of the and children, "a terrible tangle of caravan of 800 sOl1ls, many of them tangles. " "You roam about Africa, little, emaciated chiiJrcn, going off to sighing for one straight line, and 10, a real if disguised slavery. Then there you find it not, a parable all this of is Leopold, whose long arm reaches black morals as well as black men."

out for al1 the ivory, the resultant rev- While confessing that the Africans are enue to be clevc,' cd to charity, the char- "the world's greatest liars," the writer ity that begins ~.t home. Or lest one suggests at least a partial explanation become pharis:! :caJ, one reads the in the fact that they have no writing.

question of the n;issionary's boy, who "They have nothing down in black and had lived with lhe whites: "Who ever white. Promises are merely verbal, heard of God amollg the English?" not written; therefore, the hardest- But the Arabs wrrc and are the black mouthed negro wins." Suppose that man's worst enem:es. "The name by for the past 2,000 years, men who which the Arabs were called became think white had had nothing "down in ultimately the proper verb meaning black and white"!

'to murder and loot,' all around Lake Look for a moment through the Mweru." author's eyes at the family and social But w'lat of the black man himself? life of the African. In his wretched He has 110 watch, no clock. The sun little bee-hive hut he is huddled with is his sole chronometer. A watch is his children, his dogs and his vermin, given him, but "the poor palpitating" closely surrounded by dozens of other thing is soon succC'sdulIy "killed," the huts with the same kind of occupants.

tin case being use, as a smart snuff A cough will sweep through a village.

BLACK

"The small-pox licks up a whole popu- tic case of an entire town wiped out.

lation, the disease sweeping through And yet, as you read of black deeds, the land like the annual grass fires." the writer leads you to a profound In the center of the hut is the common compassion for the black man. He pot, into which are thrust a dozen dirty is very much like us. His humor is fists. "Mr. Eat-Alone" is tabooed. akin to ours. His proverbs remind us Here is polygamy with its endless bick- of our own. He works out toward the erings and its ghastly tragedies. "Here infinite as we do. "Bantu has the full- in Lubaland," said a chief, "a goat est expression of the abstract orie has costs four yards of calico, and a woman yet met with." Yes, and in some ways slave is also sold for four yards, ergo, he is much better than we. Here for a goat equals a woman." It is a comfort example is the African on the march.

to know that these women, drudges, "His thirst is a very real thing, not slaves, in the absolute power of their the ill-tempered craving of an English- husbands, have yet constituted them- man. So, too, with hunger. His is selves into a vast secret order of the bani-gnawing sort, the deep hun- "Black' Suffragettes," whose meetings ger of faintness… Cold numbs, hun- must not be disturbed, and whose pro- ger gnaws, and they, down at the very tests help to alleviate in a measure bottom of life's hill, give never a their "condition. It is good, too, to twitch or twinge by way of grumble.

know that in the dark cannibalistic In comparison, we, a grumbling, feasts, of whose horrors the book fur- greedy race of Europeans, are all self, Dishes ample evidence, the women take self, self, from the sales of our feet no part. They do not allow the fam- to the top of our crown."

ily pots to be used in these orgies, and But the black deeds are prompted they speak with mingled fear and con- by black thoughts, fostered and per- tempt of the practise which their hus- petuated by religion. The fisherman bands justify by the casuistry of the as he fishes must curse the dead men priest and the beast. Crawford com- at the bottom of the lake who would pels us to listen to the bitter cry of draw him down. The son looks to the children, the pathetic victims of the spirit of his dead mother to have African ways of thinking. He com- a "big say" with God. Down on the pels us to see as with our own eyes Lualaba, in the dark umbrageous ra- the little one buried alive, because, for- vine is a "Cathedral of the Congre- sooth, his tooth did not appear in pre- gated Dead,". a forbidding place to cisely the traditional fashion. He which men venture in times of great compels us to look at the young slip dispute, that the spirits may settle their of a girl cruelly beaten because of quarrel for them. Surrounding all this the wrongdoing of her twin-sister. hideous amalgam of ancestor worship "Twins they were born, and twins they and demon worship and fetish worship will live and die." "The little ones there is a gloomy fatalism, all the grow up into men all too early. 'Soon worse because the native believes in ripe, soon rotten.''' Goo.

Then there are tales of wholesale This black man meets the mission- slaughter, "red sunsets," when great ary. Does he admire him? No. He chiefs are buried. There is one authen- admires the missionary's black art of

writing which he thinks can perform pass, the African believes in the white miracles. He admires the missionary's man, and then comes the Year of Love gun and "medicine" with which he when he believes in the white n~an's kills a deer; but "the black-but-comely Savior. The missionary's first convert African warns you off both his soil was a former executioner. Another and his soul." "It was hinted quite was a famous elephant hunter, who broadly to-day that we must be run- would sometimes leave his quarry to aways from justice. We are nobodies. preach to a new village to which his Where are our belongings?" Again, wanderings led him. And so we find uN0 wonder Malemba once inter- the little group of missionaries sur- rupted a sermon of mine with the rounded at last by natives who sit at stinging retort, 'Ay, you white men the Lord's table, "the table of tears," or were a bad lot to go away and kill "the table of memory," and who are al- the Best One like that. We blacks ready living the life of Eternity, "the only kill criminals. And then,' said he, life of God Almighty." "'Rags,' the 'far from being ashamed of what you Arabs call our black parishioners, for- have done, you come across the seas getful of the fact that rags make the to tell us you did it.'" whitest paper, so what men can do in And this last paragraph makes it the paper line, surely God can surpass needless to ask what the black man in sou!"."

thinks at first of the gospel, "the white In the course of his book, Mr. Craw- man's parable." But the missionary ford makes certain comments on mis- must grow very lonely, when with sionaries and mission work, the result Crawford he knows that everyone of of his years of Thinking Black, com- his audience is saying in his heart, ments which may stir criticism, but "God was a fool to leave his Son to are certainly worthy of consideration.

die….Chololo's son was as solemn as "Christ's cause is too often wounded a sermon, when he said that no black in the house of its friends, but never man would believe in such a god." so grievously and gratuitously as The black man will wait for 20 years, when a missionary of the cross beats and see whether the white man will easily all his fellow Europeans in this live the gospel which he preaches. So matter of first-class get-up. 'The best day by day this African is "looking houses, best furniture, best eating all through you like a glass. Day by day at the mission.''' He notes with con- that relentless negro stare." cern the tendency to build compara- But as he learns to think black, the tively imposing mission stations among missionary learns to win his way. De- a nomadic people who determine to ceived from time immemorial, the move on just as the missionaries are black yet comes to recognize a good ready to settle down.

man even under a white skin. Now Again he inclines to think that there a friendly mediation between warring is a real advantage in bringing the tribes makes a lasting peace and a way mission station within reach of the for God through the wilderness. Now government agency. "Only with the a shot which brings four tons of hippo- civil power keeping a mission in its potamus meat to a village gives the proper place can the latter be stript missionary his chance. The 20 years of its false prestige. Many a little

19I3J lfOTT AND EDDY AMONG THE STUDENTS OF CHINA

Protestant pope in the lonely bush is is no mission, there can be no godliforced by his self-imposed isolation to ness. This poor parroty brand of be prophet, priest and king rolled into black is alas too common." one, really a very big duck in his own private pond." There have been great changes in Central Africa since Livingstone Speaking of furloughs, he says: "It walked in sorrow and loneliness is just here the Roman Catholics far- through its marshes. Our author tells ther east make the cosy Protestants us that not far down the Kongo the blush, for while we are famous fur- very cannibals who hurled clouds of lough folks, they burn their bridges and arrows against Stanley's canoes are tostick to their posts. Both nuns and day themselves firemen and engineers priests dedicate their lives to the land, of the river steamboats, perspiring never hoping to sight Europe again, over their engines with lumps of cotwhile we parade England with lantern ton waste in their strong, dirty hands; lectures." Very much might be said but a black man perspiring over his on the other side of this furlough ques- engine may not be far from cannibaltion. There wil! be more hearty agree- Ism. The real makers of the new ment with the author in his suggestion Africa are men like Crawford. One that there is a tendency to permit the lays down his book to marvel at the young convert to lean too long on the audacity of faith which enables a man missionary. "Certainly too much cod- to spend more than two decades of dling of converts has fostered sickli- uninterrupted sacrifiCial service in this ness of soul, the flippant defense of land; to marvel at the power of Goel many a backsliding black at the mines I hich can bring, out of the centuries or Bulawayo being that because there of cruelty, the Year of Love.

" -HE recent tour of Dr. John R. Matt and T Mr. Sherwood Eddy through the student Ea, centers of China, has MOTT AND EDDY AMONG THE STUDENTS OF CHINA Dr. Mott's visit to China is likely to prove of an epoch-making char- acter. The extraordinary movement among the students is declared by Rev. George Douglas, of Liaoyang, to ~ revealed the remark- be "one of the biggest miracles I able and unprecedented ripeness of have yet encountered. It is common the field for the Christian harvest. to the whole land and is being closely At the recent International Y.M.CA. followed up. There is no saying Convention in Cincinnati, the dele- into what it will grow."

gates were so imprest with the oppor- The great evangelistic meetings tunity that a number of the younger were held in 14 of the great student secretaries offered themselves for for- centers of China. The attendance at eign service and some of the business these meetings was unprecedented, men present, unsolicited, pledged and thousands signed cards as in- salaries from $r,ooo to $3,000 a year. quirers. There was also abundant

proof given of the friendly attitude in order to hold the men and lead of the government and the ripeness them on by persistent effort until the of the student field to direct evangel- inquirers are baptized into Christ and ism. Special efforts were made to unite with the vanous Christian have the same men attend consecu- churches. tively the series of addresses in each city. Of the more than 35,000 dif- In Honlrkong and Canton ferent men who, it is estimated, attended these meetings, over 7,000 Rev. W. E. Taylor, a worker signed cards, promising to study the among Chinese students at Shanghai, four gospels, to pray to God daily who made the recent tour with Dr. for light and guidance, and to accept Mott and Mr. Eddy, gives the follow- Christ if they found Him true. ing additional facts in his letter to the Canadian Churchman: The friendly attitude of government officials was strikingly mani- The first night in Hongkong the fested throughout this great cam- theater was packed half an hour bepaign. In Tsinanfu the Governor fore eight o'clock; the immense audigave the use of the Provincial Assem- ence of from 1,500 to 1,600 filled it bly Building for the meetings, and in to the doors with no standing room. Mukden the Governor personally un- Several hundred had to be turned dertook the cost of erecting the spe- away. The second and third nights cial building necessary. In Mukden the theater was again crowded. Mr. the authorities also put on a special Eddy spoke with great power on the train for Dr. Mott's personal use; to awakening of Asia and its message enable him to fulfil his engagements to the students of China. On the and to avoid traveling on Sunday to fourth and last night he gave a direct Korea. In Fuchau the dates of the searching Christian appeal on Christ school examinations were changed so as Creator, Friend, Savior. The as not to interfere with the meetings, effect of these meetings on the young and Mr. Eddy was invited to address men at Hongkong has been prothe Provincial Assembly, thus estab- found. Two hundred and fortylishing a precedent for all China, nine signed cards as inquirers.

From the very outset it was made In Canton, where Dr. Mott ~ave a clear that the real work was ex- series of three evening addresses to pected to begin when the campaign government students and young men, was finished. The work of careful night after night the largest Chinese conservation of results which God theater in the city, and probably the had given led to the appointment of largest tneater in South China, enstrong committees of from 100 to 150 tirely modern in its plan and equipleading Christian workers in every ment, was crowded with a picked city where the meetings were held. audience of between 2,700 and 3,000 Special literature has been printed, men. Dr. Mott's subjects were: Bible classes have been formed, per- "Spiritual Atrophy," "Temptation," sonal workers' groups have been or- and "Religion, a Matter of the Will." ganized, a six months' program was On the second evening over 1,000 outlined for religious and social work, men stayed behind to hear a second address on "How to Secure Victory over Temptation." Tho it was late

MOTT AND EDDY AMONG THE STUDENTS OF CHINA 52

at night between 600 and 700 of these he went to the Ch'ing Hua College men remained for a third meeting, (The American Indemnity College), when 535 of them signed cards as where he adclrest the body of 300 inquirers, promising three things: (I) students. In this way he addrest to make a careful study of the four about 1,680 students in government gospels, both in private and by at- schools in a day and a half. All tendance . at weekly Bible classes; these meetings were arranged by the (2) to pray each day to God for Board of Education. An evangelistic Gourage and wisdom to find the meeting was held at the Ch'ing Hua Truth and to obey it; (3) to accept (Indemnity College), after the public Jesus Christ as personal Savior and address, and some 20 new men were Lord as soon as reason and con- enrolled for Bible study. science permit. On the following night two more meetings were held. Mr. Douglas writes: "The missions More than half the great audience in Peking erected a great tent remained for the second meeting, which was crowded with 3,000 nonwhen 294 more men signed cards as Christian students to hear addresses inquirers, giving name and address to from Dr. Mott. C. T. Wang, who is facilitate the following-up work. of ex-Cabinet rank, interpreted, and did it superbly. The. audience was The chairmen of the three night enthusiastic and gave them the closest mass meetings in Canton were the attention. Before the day was done Minister of Education, the Chief over 650 students signed cards as in- Justice of the Supreme Court, and quirers. the Dean of the Medical Faculty in Canton. Each night returned stu- "While I write another meeting is dents from America, Europe and going on, or rather a series of meet- Japan occupied a prominent place ings, for Mott's plan is to give every on the platform. one an opportunity to leave at the end of the first hour; then he starts In Pekin and Mukden on again with those who remain, and after the second meeting he repeats Mr. J. S. Burgess of Peking also the process. He must have an iron physique. writes of the visit to the capital city: Mr. Eddy was in Peking only one "At Mukden the results were in some ways most striking of all. To and a half days. On the first afternuOIl begin with, the highest officials in he addrest the Customs College, the Manchuria-the Governor and the Government University, and in the Education Commissioner – entered Ch'iu Shih Middle School made the with heart and soul into the scheme. first speech ever delivered in the It was necessary to erect a great matschool under Christian auspices. On the second day he addrest the stu- shed, there being no building large dents of the Higher Normal College, enough to contain all we wished to the large Law College of 600 stu- invite. This the officials insisted on dents, and the Higher Technical Col- erecting entirely at their own exlege, giving in these two latter also pense, and they gave us every assistthe first speeches ever delivered in ance in their power in advertising them under Christian auspices. Next

the meetings among those whom we Mott that the following-up work be desired to reach. prest with vigor, and that those who have already handed in their names "The result was that an audience be on no account suffered to drop of 5,000 faced the speakers on off for want of attention." Saturday afternoon; most of them the very men we wanted. Among A remarkable fact is mentioned in them were 100 leading students who a letter from Dr. A. R. Young, of had been specially invited from a Tieh-ling, who says: score of other towns in Manchuria, men of influence who had already "A non-Christian man remarked to been more or less in touch with Dr. Liu, the son of the Mukden pas- Christianity. The result of this one tor, that it is a strange coincidence meeting was that 175 men handed in that the exact spot where the large their names as inquirers. tent was pitched, and where .these men signed papers to accept Christ, "The following day the crowd of is the very place where the Christians 5,000 was reduced to 1,500, but the wen' iortured and beheaded in the attention was remarkable. Dr. Matt Boxer rising. Truly the blood of the declares that he has not received such martyrs is the seed of the Church. close attention anywhere. At the end, 535 cards were handed in, and he "The sight of the eager upturned called upon all those who wished to faces of 5,000 students in the large remain to a second meeting to do tent will not soon be forgotten. The so. This time the cords were drawn conviction of the Holy Spirit was closer, and an appeal was made for very manifest. When over 400 studefinite decision for Christ. The men dents s,tood up in token of their wilwere carefully warned not to be lingness to accept Jesus as Savior and hasty, and then red cards were dis- Lord one could scarcely believe it was tributed, on which they were asked true. A second time the step was exto enter their names and institutions plained to them, yet none sat down of learning, if they were resolved to again. yield to Christ as Lord. "There is at present an unprece- "The result amazed me. No fewer dented opening all over Manchuria than 412 names were at once handed among its young men. It is a pity in. These men have promised to that for lack of funds and trained meet together at a central hall next student evangelists we can not seize Sunday to be organized into bands the opportunity. We have been very for study of the Scriptures. Mr. much imprest of late by the willing- McNaughtan has arranged for nearly ness of the people to listen to the 50 leaders of such groups; and by Christian doctrine. It would seem the favor of the Education Commis- that with the radical changes in the sioner they are to have every facility country a feeling of dissatisfaction for meetings in the principal educa- with the old ways of worship has tional institutions in the city. sprung up. Temples are neglected, or turned over to other uses, such as "When calling next day the Com- schoois or offices, or even shut up. missioner, who was himself much im- There is scanty respect paid to the prest, made a special request of Dr. gods. I saw a room with eight ter-

A WORK OF GRACE IN NORTH HONAN 52

rible-looking figures set up around It is possible to overestimate the sigthe walls, and several had had the nificance of the request of President eyes picked out, or were otherwise Yuan Shih Kai for a day of prayer for mutilated." China, and we must not be too san- guine as to the signs of a wholesale It is high time that the whole turning Christianward among stucients Church of Christ awakened to the in the Matt and Eddy meetings. But marvelous manner in which God is all of these events are tokens of the opening the way for the gospel in God-given opportunity that is pre- China. This is a time for profound sented to the OlUrch of Christ. It thanksgiving and for deep heart- is a tide in the affairs of China which searching to learn what God would should be taken advantage of in the have us do as individuals and as name of our Lord Jesus Christ. churches to follow His lead in China.

A WORK OF GRACE IN NORTH HONAN BY MRS. JONATHAN GOFORTH, CHANG TT JIO, HONAN, CHINA Missionary of the Canadian Presbyterian Church WENTY_FIVE years for tIle education of their children. VlThen the schools were finally opened fJT ~ ag?,. in har~ony with their rapid development in size, effi- spmt of comIty among ciency, and self-support more than missionaries in China, proved the wisdom of the early policy. ~ the section of Honan north of the Yellow The most encouraging recent de- River was allotted to the Canadian velopment has been the number of Presbyterian Church. It was at that country congregations that are open- time untouched by Christianity and ing and supporting their own local was exceedingly anti-foreign. schools. During all these years the TIle early pioneer missionaries laid missionaries have also kept before true foundations. From the first they them the ideal of a self-supporting, maintained a fixt policy of self-sup- self-governing Chinese-not foreign- port and determined that the early church. One of the most important years must be given to aggressive steps taken to this end was the estab- evangelistic effort. The medical work lishment of a summer-school for Evan- was always used as a distinctly evan- gelists, held during the three hot gelistic agency. The mIssIonaries months of the year, when evangelistic were urged to open and conduct work is practically at a standstill. The schools with foreign money, but they carrying on of this school has meant stedfastIy kept to the policy of build- unselfish devotion on the part of the ing the schools on the church rather missionaries in charge, who, instead of than build the church on the schools. taking a rest from their work during The opening of these schools was de- the hot season, have, to meet a felt layed for years until a Christian con- need, carried 011 this extra and prob- stituency had been formed, from ably most strenuous work of the year.

which to ga'ther Christian pupils and The school was opened primarily to until the parents were willing to pay train men for the native ministry.

Many of these had not the advantage to be afraid of silence. The warning of much education and were too old evidently went home, for several days to go to an ordinary school, but they passed and scarcely a voice was heard had had years of practical training as in prayer. There were long and to evangelists. Last year when 9 men me sometimes painfully long silences, graduated from this school and were broken only by the occasional singing ready to go out as pastors to native of a verse by the three young men churches, the missionaries began to who formed an impromptu "choir."

feel as if the realization of the early Some seemed to become nervous over ideal was in sight. Immediately upon the silence. Mr. Goforth quieted them the graduation of these men a vigorous by saying: "Has not God said plainly, propaganda was carried on among the 'Is not my word like a fire that bumeth native congregations, urging them to and like a hammer that breaketh in support these men. As a result, 8 out pieces?' Wait God's time-it will of the 9 have been ordained and in- surely come." That very evening, the stalled in their respective charges. break began.

It must be remembered that in The story of the days that followed North Honan, as elsewhere in China, is too wonderful and sacred to record the majority of the people are living in detail. Hearts were laid bare be- year in and year out "on the ragged fore the Lord in deepest contrition and edge of ruin." Therefore, the finan- sorrow. Except in a few cases where cial question was a serious one. The men were fearfully shaken because of Chinese leaders felt at once the neces- terrible sin and cried in agony for for- sity for the Christians being lifted to giveness, the general prayers were a higher spiritual level, otherwise they spoken with intense feeling but al- feared they would not·be able to meet ways quietly. That which seemed to their new obligations. It was to meet cut and burn into every soul was their this need that Mr. Jonathan Goforth failure to live Christ and their unwill- was asked by the Chinese to visit these ingness to testify for Christ to their self-supporting centers. heathen friends and relatives. The One week of meeting was held at pastor was one of the first to break Chang Tsin, a country charge, 30 down utterly. He had been shaking miles east of Chang Tefu. This was ",ith supprest sobs for some time.

the largest Christian community in the . As he rose there was a deathlike still- field, numbering upward of 300. It ness while he struggled to gain con- was also the wealthiest, having among trol of his voice. One thing he said its members several farmers of con- was that upon two rocks alone he siderable property. It seemed we feared the church would have gone to went to this place of all others, the pieces had the Lord not sent His mes- least in need of reviving. senger to them. These rocks were Sab- At the first meeting Mr. Goforth bath breaking and covetousness. The warned the people plainly not to take people were not keeping the Sabbath part in the meetings because they were and were not giving proportionately.

accustomed to or because others did Again and again during these days, not. That the meeting would always when dozens were praying at once and be left open after the address and not when everyone seemed to be weeping,

A WORK OF GRACE IN NORTH HONAN 53

there was a wonderful sense of quiet. in the audience, he said with a heart- For at such times no one spoke or rending cry: "Oh, my father, my prayed Of cried aloud. The Presence father, how I have hated you and of God never seemed more real than grieved you. Oh, forgive me, will on such occasions. Once only was you. Oh, forgive me, will you? Can there a sign of hysteria, and this was you forgive me, oh, my father, my gently but firmly checked. One young father?" Then, sitting down, he man, a member of the "choir," was sobbed aloud. The father rose, saying, GRADUATING CLASS FOR NATIVE PASTORS, .1912 All of thelSe men, except one, are now pastors of self-supporting churches greatly broken and seemed to be try- "I forgive you, my son. It is my fault, ing to hide his emotion. On three oc- too. God forgive us both." casions he struggled with overwhelming emotion and tried to tell what was The last meeting was one never to on his mind, but failed. On the last be forgotten. It was fuII of thanksgivday, just at the close of the morning ing and praise. The movement among service, a young woman in deep agi- the Christians had spread to the tation rose, and, turning to this young heathen and many were brought in, man, said : "Brother, I have hated among them two witch doctors, who you. Oh, forgive me." This broke have since invited Christians to their the young man down so that he cov- village to destroy the household gods. ered his face with his hands and Some heathen families also invited the sobbed. After a few moments, as if Christians to pray in their homes, and by a tremendous effort, he stood up kept busy with the numbers of heathen and, turning to Ilis father, an old man enquIrIng the way. This is, we be- lieve, the beginning of the harvest.

"THE YEAR OF LOVE" IN CENTRAL

AN EPILOG TO "THINKING BLACK"* BY DAN CRAWFORD, LUANZA, CENTRAL AFRICA OMEBODY drew blank in bush-preaching, for the unblushing sin, forces evangelists to be as plain as mS when he said that Hope John Bunyan. Hence that negro ob- makes a good breakfast stinacy, and, if you have only perti- but a bad Slipper, for nacity enough, the said obstinacy can there is no throb of joy easily,work out at malignity. . _. akin to the darkest hour merging into d awn. The hint of obstinacy is seen in the For look what befell us in the glad very set of the jaw. Mere sophistry year 1905, which was termed Mwaka will not break him, and only the power wa Lusa, "The Year of Love." At of God can make him throw the doors Koni, Johnston Falls, and Luanza it of his nature open to Christ. . . .

was the same story and the same time. Leading up to this "Year of Love,"

All these sterile years the gospel had what was the raw native's line of de- been stored up in Carenganze folk fense, or had he any? Slaves, for in- mentally, like so much sound money stance, whose souls were plowed with that returned no interest. They lis- the plowshare of anguish, why did tened, and they watched us with their they not troop under the Christ ban- ferret-eyes, and, of course, they had ner? The curious answer is found in their difficult questions to ask, yet their deep-seated idea that this was the answer some of them we could not. heathendom in which God had caused The story of these long sterile years them to be born. Not once, but a of sowing was supremely simple from hundred times, have I heard the native the African's standpoint. Intruding, claim "God" as the Author of it all.

as we have done, into his darkness "God's law" (il1ukanda wa Leza) was with our gospel of God, the said gos- the phrase for all their tribal cus- pel'made too preposterous and im- toms, and the very variety of men and possible a claim upon him Hence his manners on the face of the earth was blunt black challenge to the mission- their argument against the unity that ary: "Well, you just sit down here is in Christ.

and live your gospel for twenty years There are genuine phrases that have or so, and then we will believe you." gone the round of the Garenganze for Thus, for nearly a generation, did the centm'ies, which, literally translated, negro's face set in those obstinate lines look like the language of pious resig- of Christ-rejection so well known to nation: "Ah, God's time has not come us, and it has taken all that time for yet." "God is great: whoever con- the truth to get home to his hard quered Him? He killeth even the heart that all our gospeling was not aristocrats." So, in dark fatalistic the mere effllsion of a passing excite- . sing-song, the name of God is bandied ment. about on every subject. I have met This "pegging away" is what the serious students of theology who were African calls "the pertinacity of a fly," embarrassed because the Africans have the compliment being equivocal, as no idea of Satan and his sinister per- most African flies have a sting in them. sonality, whereas the real puzzle would Some flies, like some missionaries, be to find out how they could possibly even give "sleeping sickness"-a curi- know of the existence of a specific ous sort of jag that mllst be if it fallen angel named Diabolus, alias makes you sleep instead of wakening Satan. The masterstroke of the Devil you up. And "sting'! is the very idea is that he, in Africa, has not only lied 'Published hy George H. Doran, New York, $2,00, and by Morgan and Scott, London, 7., 6d. most subtly all the centuries against honorable status in the land. K–, God, but has hidden himself behind one of these, tells his conversion in his own lie. a manly precise way. Chief on the Bukongolo Range, he says he often "And so they've voted the Devil out came down from the hills to attend the And of course the Devil's gone, meetings, ay, even in the rain he made a try to be there. But simple people would like to know Who carries his business on." "Believe?" says he; "N0, I wore out two gospel halls in Christ-rejec- Yet God was over all even then, tion." and in some crude sense these poor wanderers from Him were under a Quaint idea to think of wearing out schoolmaster leading them to Christ. a hall as you wear out an old pair of Crudely, granted, yet even Paul dig- boots. The first mud hall was eaten nifies that intuition of theirs by the by white ants and had to be replaced exalted name of "law" when he insists by another, and as K– saw even a that they are a "law unto themselves." third hall while yet a rebel at heart, One of the strongest threads in the this poignant fact was the straw that fabric of their national life is the broke the camel's back: austere creed of taboo. Here is a fresh "as we go to press" example. "I have actually worn out two meet- Just a minute ago I tried hard to get ing-houses in Christ-rejection." a tiny boy named Kasongo to eat a fish. Pinched with hunger, here was No beauty he, only one of the old cuta little nipper with no "moral" backbone, yet he shut his milk teeth, and throats who did Mushidi's dirty work defied all my entreaty. No, he dare not break tribal taboo, dare not touch for a dirty reward. But the go.pel fish, wheedle him as you may. Poor superstition of course it all is, but at has even done something for his lItl1y least the negro blood is thereby stronger in grit and tenacity of pur- face, for the old doggy and insinuatmg pose, and in some sense this loyalty to leer is gone and the gleam of the life law-keeping does not soften the fiber of his black mind. In fact, the day eternal shoots out of the eyes. Bow this type of negro weeps for sin will be the same glorious date when that true that a negro's black face is, after very negro will welcome Christ into all, not the same thing as his countehis life by the front door of fearless- nance! God makes a man's face, but ness and not by the back door of a man makes his own countenance. cowardice. Nor will you need to spend long hours indoctrinating him with At first, all alone in his own town, ideas as to the sanctity of law per se. old K– had a hard battle, the saved He has that in his bones, for in his chief and his wilful people being at own tribal taboo did he not "play the daggers drawn. Christ seemingly, as game"? Thus Christ subjugates all of yore, had not come to send peace in things unto Himself, and' instead of their midst, but a sword, and the old casting away the old spear of taboo, tug-of-war between right and wrong he now converts it into a gospel plow- began. No sugar-plum expressions share. Is there no taboo in the Ec- here, for light fights darkness with a cIesia? I trow there is. Are there glittering blade, the gleam being all no holy "thou shalt not's" in Christian- the brighter in the inky blackness. ity? And did the negro not spend his Like a living tree in a timber-yard, life learning how sacred even a human K– grew nobly, and now, after six "thou shalt not" can be? vears, he has won a small band of Christians who daily meet in his town. Then, again, a bright streak of hope Thus those stunted. stifled souls at is seen in the conversion of chiefs of last get a chance. Like a toy town- hall in the center of his village you can descry a nice school-house he has huilt for his people.

Too many Africans see Christ in a book as we see places on a map, but here is a genuine case of a young man converted by merely reading John's

Gospel. Too big for our elementary delightful to see God taking up these school, he went his own way in sin, Gentiles, and speaking with other lips but still clung to his copy of John as and a stammering tongue, stiff old a fetish. Then old Africa-the Africa phrases going into the melting-pot of of sin and sorrow-began to wind its negro mouths and being poured out in tentacles round him, and he was speed- fresh fluidity. "The Book of Acts,"

ily becoming the usual bleared-of-eye for instance, becomes "Words concern- negro to whom Jesus Christ is the ing Deeds"; "the Lord's Table" be- Great Unmentionable in his unhal- comes the "Feast of Memories," or lowed hut. But he was reckoning "Table of Tears" and as worship is without God and the Word of God. in the spirit they have cleverly coined which is not bound-did he not still the verb "to spirit" as the true ideal cling to his copy of John's Gospel? of approclch to God, for what but Watch the divine logic of events in- spirit can reach "The Spirit"? Per- volved in the treasure of a truth that ceive the astute negro at this most sen- "where the word of a king is, there sible word-coinage, for pepa is the is power." One day the gun-cotton verb "to spirit," just as, say, "a drink"

of John's Gospel came in contact with is a noun with "to drink" as its satel- the tinder of his rebellion, and this lite verb. Sensible all this surely, for K – – was literally exploded iq.to the otherwise you have a materialistic kingdom. For out from the .pages of negro ignoring the mere sight of his "John of the Bosom" came the as- eyeballs and talking away to nothing sertive call, "Follow Me!" and that one visible with shut eyes-he is "spirit- word rugged off the terrible tentacles ing," i. e., worshiping.

from his soul. K– can only explain Deep-sea sounding some of their his conversion in the quaintly choice happy thoughts are. "Eternity," for words: example, is called "the lifetime of God "I was startled to find that Christ Almighty," and the gift of Life Eter- could speak Chiluba. I heard Him nal is merely a pledge that they will speak out of the printed page, and live as long as God lives, eternal death what he said was, 'Follow Me!'" being "a dying as long as God is liv- . Then it was he entered the new era ing." When you, their white teacher, of reading the Old Book, for was it blunder along in your exposition, it is not a fact that now God was staring not uncommon to see a far-away look out at him from every page, and shout- on your hearers' faces, painfully sug- ing in his ears? Those rays of light gestive of the fact that they are all that darted out of Galilee long ago off on a scent of their own! For what have lit up these poor dark glens with to you may be a mere commonplace of gladness. Simply and satisfyingly a normal Christian thought-"Book of soul settles for eternity on the living Acts," for example-is to him full of Word of God. s'.eet, subtle suggestion – "Words An old negro chief from the South about Deeds"-a full current of new end has just sent in a message to his thought switched on.

brethren here, and there is the same Here it is we all learn how much ring of assurance as to the Word of we have yet to learn, every truth in God. "Tell my brethren at Luanza," Africa being like a bit of Labrador says he, "that Christ keeps me down spar-it has no luster as you turn it in here all alone by the gospel according your hand until you come to a particu- to Mark." Sterile tho the soil be, the lar angle, then it shows deep and seed is the Word of God: you may beautiful colors. But what if you miss count the apples on the tree, but who the said ang-Ie precisely when your can count the trees in the apples? You negro spies it? Thus, in Africa, what may tell the acorns on the oak, but not you do not say is often more eloquent the oaks in the acorn.' than your long, windy homily. Yes, Thick lips can drop pearls. It is black as coal everyone of them; yet,

YEAR OF LOVE IN CENTRAL AMERICA

after all, diamonds are made of soot, are all necessarily units of time, place, albeit the how, when, and where of the manner, and degree. miracle we may not know. Moreover, it doth not yet appear what this black Simple in strength and strong in land of ours shall be, but we know that simplicity, the best sort of Christian God with swift, silent steps can come young black delights to push out into and give the crystallizing touch that the adjacent hamlets with the gospel. makes the diamond flash out of the Far from being professional preachers, quondam soot. "Rags," the Arabs call they "talk" the gospel-a straight talk our black parishioners, forgetful of in his own town being more tantaliz- the fact that rags make the whitest ing to a raw negro than a hundred paper: so what man can do in the sermons. For in a sermon he knows paper line surely God can surpass in where he is (or rather, you do, for he souls. often nods), but these terribly per- sonal talks jog him into contrition. Quite a serious theologician the ne- After all, there is no need for shooting gro becomes, and here it is, greatly at sparrows with heavy artillery, and daring, he taps all the unsuspected Africa's true evangelization begins sources of language. In the things of when the simple negroes start to talk God this black Christian is in some about redeeming love among themsense a sort of negro Columbus setting selves. No English twang or mannerout to discover a new world of won- isms in that negro talk. With the der. His word for "heaven" is a converted African, Christ's mercy, like good example of the Luban's finesse the water in a vase, takes the shape and regard for detail, coupled with a of the vessel that holds it. Your conknowledge of sound philology. Shells stant joy is to hear in a foreign lingo we find on the beach, for pearls we some simple old fact of faith taking must dive, and most appropriately has a new meaning by one twist of the he dived for this great pearl-word negro tongue. "heaven"-is not each gate of the Glory a pearl? The plain philology of Here is an intelligent Chief who this word "Mwiuitt," then, gives you takes up the cudgels for his abandoned the meaning of "heaven" as "the enter- (?) race, and claims that if the gosing into all the highest times, and pel is realIy for everybody then they places, and manners, and methods of have as much right as we to an offer living life." This means that Chris- of the same. To meet his challenge, tians, as "the heavenly people," are, I read out the record of the impotent literally and not exaggeratingly, "the man at Bethesda, and venture to urge folks who enter into all the highest that here is onewho has the same complaces, plus the highest times, plus the plaint as ignored Africa: "Sir, I have very highest manners, plus the only no man." So we get the opening, and first-class methods of service, plus the advancing into the salvation of the highest designs and the highest subject I tell that tale of divine curecauses." . . . the cure of the man that had no man to help while others got the good No chance example this, as dozens things. Then we come to the point. of instances prove. Take another. If What I now want is an assurance from you quote the Psalm to him, "Our my petulant Chief that here at last times are in Thy hand," he will be he understands my drift. "Oh," he forced to translate it in the gorgeous said, "that is very simple: the 38words-HAll my life's why's and vears-sick-man is like unto our aban- ~loned Africa; the man said, I have when's and where's and wherefore's no man, but Christ said, I'm your are in God's hand!" The sane gram- 211011." mar of this is that particles of space

A THRILLING EXPERIENCE IN BAFFIN LAND*

BY W. G. BROUGHTON New work among the Eskimo of Baffin Land began in 1908 when, at the Rev. E. J. Peck's proposal, two missionaries, the Rev. J. W. Bilby and Mr. Fleming. were stationed at Ashe Inlet, Lake Harbour, a trading port of the Hudson's Bay Company. During the winter of 19II-12 six Eskimo were baptized, two converts offered themselves as Bible women, and there are now eight candidates for baptism.

Mr. W. G. Broughton, who has succeeded Mr. Fleming as Mr. Bilby's colleague, a former student at WycIiffe Hall, Toronto, recently came to England for treatment of injuries received from severe frost bite. Almost miraculously his life was preserved through terrible experiences on one of his itinerating journeys. The Eskimo tribe, among whom he has been laboring, differ largely in many ways from others previously evan- gelized.

1W1· ORK among the Eski- Later on I determined to make an- rna at Lake Harbour is other tour, this time to the south of Icy Cape, and took the opportunity of both easy and hard. joining a sleigh party going thither for dogs' food, as a cheaper method We go to a people than hiring a special team. Un- happily the guides were only boys, . who receive us with who proved to be unfamiliar with that part of the coast. After four open arms, who have hours' traveling great hummocks of ice and open sea obstructed progress, few legends, no idols and an inland route had to be taken which proved highly dangerous. of wood or stone, no heathen literature The track was like that of a scenic railway; the dogs' traces fouled, the to set their minds against the gospel. dogs howled instead of pulling, and the sleigh frequently pitched down But the flock is scattered over a vast an incline and landed bottom up in spite of every effort to keep it area, and there are no fewer than upright.

13 widely separated settlements, so We stopt for the day at 7 P. M.; two hours later our iglo was built that we must travel extensively. and by II P. M. we got our first warm drink since early morning, our In the fall of 19 II, before the thermos bottle unfortunately having been broken early in the winter. The Eskimo left us for their winter homes, next day brought us on to a coast track. We were driven before a bit- I asked Mary, the Bible woman, to terly cold wind, and the iglo, built with inferior snow on the salt water send in two teams of dogs for us in ice, was poor shelter indeed, no better than an old basket. That day, too, January and we would spend a month the hungry dogs made a raid on the blubber packed on the sleigh for oil with her tribe. . . On January and food, and I had to content my- self with one biscuit for supper in the 29 we started for a place 90 miles clark. north, and we arrived five days after- On arrival at Kinilingse, we were ward. I visited three stations con- received with open arms. Oh, the longing of these poor benighted peo- taining 155 souls, 70 of whom were ple for the gospel! Two services with Mary, who had a very large iglo (snow house) built especially for services. As many as 45 adults were in it at one time, and momentarily I expected the roof to fall in, because every night the iglo was considerably thinner and repeatedly had to be patched up. Ve were packed like sardines. The smoky lamps and skin clothing, aided by the animal heat of so many people who had never had a bath in .their lives, made it rather uncomfortable; but we did not mind so long as we got the peo- ple 1 They are very docile and most anxious for instruction. I have never met an Eskimo who refused to be taught.

* From The Church Missionary Gle-aner. were held on Sunday and three on trasted by the darkness of the night. Monday, On Tuesday we reluctantly The wind changed to the north at left this flock to return to Lake Har- sunset. The moon strove to force bour in order to begin a fresh itiner- her light through the fast gathering clouds, but was visible only for a ating journey some 200 miles north. short period. It was a glorious spring morning; the sun high in the heavens shone on .Walking now was very difficult; in the dazzling wilderness, making it al- fact, I was often crawling. Unconmost impossible for me to keep my sciously I had come up to one of eyes open. As usual, I started for three small islands scattered along my morning walk while the boys the coast, and had climbed among the were lashing up the sleighs, leaving tidal ice in such a way as to meet my furs, with the exception of a obstruction in either direction. Twice small summer deerskin coat, with the I put my foot in the water in the load. It seemed warm, tho really be- pools along the shore, so I decided I low zero 1 There were many tracks had better get on the land and stop one might follow, but I chose that for the night. which appeared to be most recent. About noon the track took a sudden On reaching the top of the ice I turn into the land, which did not sur- fell down just beside three pieces of prize me, as we had traveled about rock so embedded as to form an ideal 12 hours overland on the outward bed. . I dug out the snow between journey. them with my feet, and made it deep As I trudged along my interest was enough to shelter me from the winds claimed by the various tracks about and snow, which was now falling. me, my thought rambling over what My mitts and cap I sat on; circumight happen if one spent a night lation and warmth were kept up by out in such an inhospitable country rocking to and fro in a see-saw mowithout shelter. Suddenly I seemed as one awakened out of sleep, and, tion. I kept my feet warm by either what is more, to realize my position. getting up and dancing or kicking the snow at the bottom of the bed. I It was 3 P. M. Perhaps I was miles had no fear, because these words away from the sleighs; possibly on were constantly in my mind: "He a wrong track, and lost. will take care of you.'

Climbing the nearest peak near me, At half-past three the next morn- I discovered the coast was about ing I started again for the track, three miles westward, and that I had hoping to catch up with the Eskimo followed the track of a man who before they commenced the day's run.

had gone deer hunting. This I knew The tracks were v.ery difficult to fol- because I found his iglo where he low, owing to the fall of snow dur- had slept. There was only one thing ing the night. However, I followed to do, to get to the coast before dark. them to the land.

What a struggle it was; how those At sunrise the wind again went to grinning rocks and hills mocked me! the northwest and blew hard. The Already I had walked seven hours in thermometer fell to about 20 below the soft snow, and felt tired out. I zero. About 6 A. M. I was seized reached the coast two hours before with acute hunger, a hunger only ex- sunset. There was nO difficulty in perienced by those who travel in finding the guides' tracks. They were Arctic regions. The only edible ahead, but how far I knew not. If things I saw were the snow and my they built an iglo on the ice I would deerskin coat. I got off a strip from be able to see their light through the the sleeve, scraped the hair from it cracks. So with this thought in mind the best way I could, and tried to I walked on long after dark. The swallow it with snow flavored with brightness of the day was only con- saccharine. Six mouthfuls were all I

could manage, but I confess they My coat for a time I put over my diminished the craving for food. legs, but the wind pierced through my other clothing as tho it was mus- Breakfast being ended, I resumed lin. My feet were frozen too hard my journey. About 7 o'clock I found either to stand or walk. the course I was pursuing was leading me to open water, so turned When it was light enough to make toward the land again. Soon another out the land, I climbed on hands and obstacle came across my path. The knees to the top of a peak to look ice had broken and there was a nar- for the coast. Less than half a mile row stream of water with thin ice in front of me was the Cape. Gathereither side of it cutting off my re- ing up all the energy I had left, I treat to the shore. Being very tired, prest on, scarcely able to walk ten and not knowing how far it extended paces without falling down. This was back, I tried to jump across. Tho a blessing in disguise, because it the opening was only four feet in stopt my hands from freezing badly. width I failed, being too stiff with At five o'clock I reached the iglos, cold, and went through the thin ice almost blind and in great agony. up to my waist. I had just enough vitality left to My first thought was, "I am done tell a man to go to the Mission, 20 for now," but that other thought, miles away, for food and stimulant. "He wiII carry you through," crowded Then I became unconscious for 12 it out. My hunger and weariness hours, and when I came to I found were forgotten, a new life seemed to that the Eskimo had been thawing seize me. I could walk all day. I my body with the warmth of their must do so to keep from freezing. own hands and bodies! My right boot had frozen so hard while I was wringing out my stock- In a few days my sight returned; ing that I could only put it half on, three weeks later I helped my assistand in this condition I walked all ant to cut off my toes and operated day. internally on myself. And after three more weeks I began my work again, At two o'clock in the afternoon I holding the services from my bed. came to the end of the rough ice and It was two months before I could knew that I was only four hours, on stand, and then on a pair of exthe sleigh, from the Eskimo settle- temporized crutches I started once ment Cape. At sunset I was still far more to visit the people. from safety. I did not wish to pass the Cape in the dark, so sought shel- It was a brave struggle, but finally ter till daylight. I can not describe Mr. Broughton had to be brought in that awful night, how I looked in a suffering condition to England for vain for a friendly rock to shelter me proper surgical treatment, for which he from that bitter wind. My mitts had had to wait six months. His spared were frozen too hard to put on, so life he hopes to devote once more to I used them with my cap for a seat. the evangelization of the Baffin Land Eskimo.-EDIToR.

ARCTIC TRAVEL-A PARABLE Peary, the Arctic explorer, on ODe occasion when ~e supposed th~t he was travelipg pole. ward at the rate of ten miles a day, found that the Ice floe on which he was. mOVIng, ~as itself drifting toward the Equator at the rate of twelve miles a day. He w.as, In fa~t, .dally being borne backward at the rate of two miles a day. He would not have discovered It 1£ he had not looked skyward to take his bearings. .

Everything may depend on our method of reckonmg progress and on our heaven}y ga,ze.

He who looks downward, or only on the earthly level, may even. suppose that he IS gOing forward, when he is iII reality going backward; b,:"t he :vho keeps hIS eyes on G?d, and takes his reckoning by celestial standards is sure of hiS p~sltl0n and has a safe gUlde. . On the worldly level there are no perfect and a.bsol,utely relt~ble landmarks; our observatIOns and experiences need to be corrected by celestial mterpretatIons.

EDITORIALS

IS THE CHURCH AWAKE? heralds of the gospel. None will '" N ot OW it is high time to awake out of sleep," says the Apostle cIeny the need at home, but it is great in spite great opportunity Paul. May not the same words be to. b.ear to good tidings, while among millions of people there is no mesu.sed of the Church to-day? The signs of sleep and drowsiness are the senger to preach. ~aIl!-e in physical and in spiritual life: . The ~resbyterian Church (South) mdlfference to surroundings; a desire IS entenng on a campaign to secure to be comfortable and quiet and to . $I,OOO,ooo for foreign missions, and the Presbyterian Church (North) is be left al.one; a disregard of present engaged in a China centenary cam- ?PP?rtu.mty and responsibility; a dis- paign to increase its force and its mclInation to effort, deafness and equipment in the world's greatest regeneral dulness of perception. publIc. Other boards and societies Is not this the case with many in the are making great efforts to avoid or Church? There are innumerable signs to make up deficits and to advance rather than retreat. God is calling that the opportunities for missionary for advance and He is preparing the advance were never so great as today. Never before were so many way. Is the Church awake and ready to follow or has the oil given out dinooCrhs~noap,einn to the gospel-in Africa and the drowsiness of indifference Korea, in India, in South settled over the majority of those AmerIca and in many Moslem lands an eagerness to hear the missionary who should be awake and active? This is a question to be answered by me~s~ge has. replaced determined op- each one individually, rather than each one for his neighbor. posItIon or Indifference. There is a loud call for Christian atenadchweors~ Rev. Mark Matthew, D.D., expreachers, physicians, men moderator Presbyterian Assembly, n:en, ?ut the vast majority of Christians In the home churches are more intent on pleasure and business than also asks the question: "Are Our Churches Asleep on the Battle Field?" on responding to the call of God to He replies in Men and Missions: advance. The Church at home, also, has "Men have forgotten everything except the dollar. Materialism, selfishgreater material resources for the ness, love of ease, avarice and idolc~mpaign than ever before. God has atry control in politics, society, com- merce, and even in the realm of regiven wealth to those who profess ligion the footprints of their unholy to be followers and bond-slaves of Christ. Som.e?f these give largely feet may be seen. . . . and self-sacnficIngly to extend their Master's kingdom and to relieve the to "Let the churches aawndakce~urbaegetoruuse distress of His needy ones, but the their posts of duty vast majority have yet to learn the first principles of stewardship. The in their fight for righteousness and power and the joy of consecrated for the extension of the Kingdom of Jesus Christ."

gifts, large and small, are as yet un- AN ANSWER TO CRITICS known to them. Have they taken a MISSIONARIES are not criticized gold or silver opiate to lull their senses to sleep? as harshly or as generally as The Church at home was never they were fifteen years abO~'oe~ because the light of publicity has thrown so able to spare young men and on their work and men know more young women to go out as advance of the value of their efforts. Edward

J. Dingle, who has traveled exten- hardships, living sometimes on maize meal for weeks at a stretch-literally sively in China, recently wrote a let- living the life of an almost unknown ter to the Shanghai Mercury, which people-if he wanted to have a good effectively answers ignorant or prej u- and easy time of it? Surely, this diced criticisms upon missionaries and man, well educated and fitted to take their work. What he has forcibly a stand among other men in the stated in regard to China is true of stream of the world's life, would not other lands as well. He says: come into the interior of China. Apart from that, the missionary in Interior "I have no ax to grind. I merely China is the greatest unpaid com- state what I know to be true. I have mercial agent that we have and no traveled 'Some 7,000 miles in China other class of people have done more, during the last two years, have lived nor anywhere near as much, to mod- with missionaries, and am thoroughly ernize China and for the establish- conversant with the nature of their ment in China of a Christian con- work. science."

"When I came to China, I had no ILLNESS OF DR. MEYER sympathy with missions and could never be induced to believe that much T HE prayers of Christian friends good could come of mission work in are asked for our friend and co- China. I have since met missionaries editor, Dr. Louis Meyer, who for the in all parts of this empire, have seen past six months has been seeking rest all softs and conditions, have heard and restoration to health in a sanato- the beliefs Vi hich they teach, and am rium in Southern California. As a closely acquainted with the evangel- lecturer on the Bible and missions, istic, educational and medical side of as a writer on many subjects, as many mission stations. I have also editor of Ftmdamentals, and as co- traveled in isolated parts of Western editor of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW, China, accompanying missionaries on Dr. Meyer has done a great work and their itinerations in work among a has exerted a mighty influence for people which to-day are numbered the advancement of the Kingdom of among the poorest of all the peoples Christ. Illness was brought on by found in China. N ever have I found overwork and constant traveling. Dr. a missionary in Interior China whose Meyer knows not how to spare him- life· and teaching did not impress the self and has been indefatigable and . people who came near to him that he self-forgetful in his efforts to serve was a man of truth-not the prince God and his fellowmen. We make of liars, as Sir Hiram Maxim (who these facts known that Christian has never been in inland China) friends may remember him and his would have us believe. beloved family in prayer.

"We mayor we may not agree with REMOVAL the Christianizing of China-I person- aU), do with aU my heart-but there T HE offices of THE MISSIONARY is only one opinion on missionaries- REVIEW OF THE WORLD, which real missionaries. men who literally has been for some years in the Mer- lay down their lives to teach what cantile Building, 44-60 East 23rd tlley believe to be true. Street, were removed on June 4 to the Hess Building, 354-360 Fourth "The statement that missionaries Avenue, New York. Further infor- mation in regard to communications are better off than they would be at for the editorial, advertising and subhome, I repudiate in toto as it affects scription departments, will be found the people as a class. Would you on table of contents page (inside of imagine a man with a university edu- front cover). cation jumping into Chinese clothes, and going out into the unsurveyed. isolated mountainous districts of Yunnan and Szechuan, daily enduring

WORLD-WIDE

MISSIONARY NEWS THE ISLAND WORLD every village family worship is the rule; almost everyone has some The Population of Fiji knowledge of the religion of Christ, and very few Fijians, between in- T HE total population of the group, fancy and middle life, are unable to including the island of Rotuma, read and write. lying some 300 miles north of Fiji, was, on the night when the census "More than a third of the whole was taken, 139,541. As compared Fijian popUlation are enrolled as with the last enumeration this shows members of the Wesleyan Methodist an increase of 19,417 persons. The Church, about eight out of nine of following are the totals of the several the people declaring themselves to be nationalities that make up the above Methodists in the census of 191 I. figures: Many Fijians are as genuinely Chris- tians as any of us. Many are not so, Europeans and other whites ….. . 3,707 and it is not surprizing, in view of their history, that the moral tone of Half-castes …………………. . 2,401 the community is stilI far below per- Chinese and others ………….. . fection. An immense amount of work Polynesians ………………… . 1,1l7 has been done by the missionary workers in Fiji, and wonderful re- Indians ……………………. . 2,758 sults have been achieved; more re- 40,286 mains to be done in teaching and Fijians ……………………… . 87,0g6 training the people who grow up in Rotumans ………………….. . 2,176 our schools and churches that they may become faithful followers of the 139,541 Lord JeSl1S. In spite of their stalwart During the la&t ten years, Indians have been introduced into the coun- condition, the Fijian race has dwintry at the rate of 2,316 per annum, dled away seriously, and some obwhile only 482 have returned to In- servers predict their extermination. dia each year. Remarking on the Thev are much too fine a people for foregoing figures, the Fiji Times that, and there are signs of change. says: "The abnormal increase of In- We may fairly look forward to indians, if continued, will need to be crease ere long." inquired into by the government. In the interests of the country it should Results in Micronesia not be allowed to go on unless the restrictions to which planters are sub- A FTER 13 years of service at ject be greatly minimized." Nauru, a small island in the MarshaII Group of Micronesia, Rev. The Fiji of 'fo-day Mr. Delaporte, American Board mis- sionary, reports that 13 years ago A RECENT visitor reports as fol- they were fortunate if 50 people came lows: "We liked the Fijian peo- to the service, but to-day they count pIe; they are genial, kindly and good- often 1,100 on a Sabbath morning. natured, full of fun and always ready Then not one could read or write: for a joke. This amiability was in fact the N aurtt language had not rather surprizing in view of the na- yet been put into writing. To-day tional history, which is ghastly there could not be found on the enough 1 Within the memory of many island a man or woman under 40 of us Fiji was preeminent for the years of age who is not able to read. wanton cruelty of its barbarism. We The 225 children in the schools are saw men and women who lived in taught in two languages, N aunt and 'the bad old days' and were no better than their neighbors. To-day Fiji is nominally a Christian land; in

German; all these scholars are in o'peration. Th~ Bapt!st, Congregathe Sunday-schools. Three native t!onal, Methochst, EpIscopal, Christeachers, graduates of the mission tIan, and Presbyterian Churches joined training-school, give valued assistance in the Evangelical Union, the whole in making clean and true Christian territory was apportioned, and the men and women out of this large most notable effort made so far in company of children. Not only has the direction of comity in the foreign the Nauru speech been put into writ- field was crowned with splendid sucing, but the people have now in their cess. The missionary schools and inpossession a Nauru translation of the stitutions, the hospitals and dispen- New Testament and Psalms besides a saries, the churches and the chapels, hymn-book and a number of school- scattered over the islands in the archibooks. One of the finest church pelago to-day tell the story of the buildings in Micronesia has been put triumphant progress of the gospel in up at a cost of $4,000, three-fourths the Philippines. of this sum being contributed by the poor people themselves, who have Answers to Prayer in Papua R now provided another $1,000 to fur- EV. C. F. RICH, the L. M. S. missionary at Isuleilei, in the isnish the building with seats.

Presbyterianism in the Philippine. land of Papua, writes that December I, 19I2, was the greatest day of their T WO weeks after the victory in missionary lives, for there were over Manila Bay the General As- 600 people at the services, and he sembly of the Presbyterian Church baptized 150 adults and 20 children.

authorized the Board of Foreign Mis- One old man from Suau had the sions to begin the work of preaching name of being a great sorcerer, and the gospel in the Philippines. Rev. in baptizing him a new name "Nau- James B. Rodgers, D.D., was the bui," was given him, which means "a first Protestant resident missionary, changed mind."

and he preached his first sermon on "The number baptized during this May 6, 1889. Up to the time of the present revival by no means repre- American occupation a person risked sents the end of the movement, for his life by offering a Bible fC!r sale there are many both here on Isuleilei anywhere in the archipelago. Now itself, and in the villages close to the Presbyterian Church alone has tiS, who are wanting to take a similar over 12,000 communicants; 63 step. In several of the out-stations, churches, many of them built entirely too, the teachers are instructing a by the contributions of the members; number of young people who have about 44 missionaries, and 300 Fili- asked for admis&ion to the Church.

pino ministers, teachers, and other This movement ha:s come so spon- religious workers. taneously, so unexpectedly, as to Since the occupation the United astound us, and through these days I States Government has established have been led to think that the pray- religious freedom, released the un- ers of many friends have arisen for justly imprisoned, instituted courts our work; being offered in faith and of justice, segregated the lepers, prac- love they have been heard and ans- tically banished plague and cholera, wered by Him to whom all praise made a common school education pos- and glory is due."

sible· for all, built roads, and by AMERICA countless other means has improved the condition of the country and its An Annual Home Mission Week inhabitants. HOME MISSION WEEK is to be At the same time, the different an annual institution according to Boards of Foreign Missions have the vote of the Home Mission Coun- worked together in splendid co- cil, representing 27 home mission

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

l)liards. Its success last November sible amI it is through these regular 1 as due to the methods ' hich the channels that the results of Home .Men and l{eligion Movement had al- jj ission Week are making themselves ready made familiar-interdenomina- known. tional effort, compact organization, and extensive publicity. The efforts Army and Navy Chaplains Needed of the various denominations were focused in a central office, which ar- THERE is reason to hope that the ranged in hundreds of cities for local present administration will take committees. These were responsible up seriously the question of the infor the daily meetings in the city adequacy of the present number of churches, and for the organization of chaplains in the United States army the work in neighboring towns. and navy. A committee of the Fed- eral Council of the Churches of Christ The central office had charge of the in America recently interviewed very effective publicity work which President Vilson, the Secretary of was done. For three months before Val-, and the Secretary of the Navy, Home Mission Week itself, a pre- urging immediate attention to the liminary campaign was conducted. matter. There are now only 67 army Special articles were syndicated to chaplains for over 95,000 men, and the religious and general press all 2 I chaplains in the navy to care for over the country, including 350 labor about 53,000 officers and men. "The papers. j;'ecleral Council of the Churches of Christ in America believes that we Six hundred thousand posters 22X should make provision for one chap- 28 inches, dealing with modern Home lain for each battleship and cruiser, Mission problems, were sent to the for each 5choolship and navy yard, Protestant ministers of America. Sets and also one for each occupied army of ]2 were also furnished to all col- ]lost. Ne also believe that the proleges and universities, all the theolog- viding of chaplains ought not to be ical seminaries, and all of the Young treated as a mere matter of denom- Men's and Young Vomen's Chris- inational proportion in an effort to tian Associations in this country, distribute offices among the various making a total of something like Christian bodies, but rather in the 1,300 sets for this special purpose. A interest of providing adequate moral million leaflets of various kinds were influence and spiritual help." issued during the campaign. Mission study classes were organized in many A Student Pledge to a Godly Life churches during the preliminary period, with the cooperation of the Mis- T HE Christian Association of the sionary Education Movement. University of Pennsylvania has 482 members who have taken the fol- The special literature prepared by lowing pledge: "It is my purpose as the central office was distributed from a university man, receiving Jesus the denominational Horne Missionary Christ as my Lord and God, to live headquarters, and while the central a consistent Christian life as I underoffice answered thousands of letters stand it to be set forth in the Bible." from individual churches, in the main The association has control of the the denominational boards kept in chapel exercises, the University Settleclosest touch with the churches en- ment in Philadelphia, and the Uni- Rag-ed in the campaign. Throughout versity Medical College in Canton, the entire period it was sought to link China. Twenty-four Bible study 11p the churches and the boards which classes are maintained; several mis' would, in the nature of the case, be sion study classes, 6 classes for incompelled to 'wrk together after the struction of immigrants in English, a campaign had been concluded. There- student employment bureau, and the fore, the organized machinery of the frif>ndly care of foreign students at boards was disturbed as little as pos-

the university. For the care of this -II7,OOO—are in Oklahoma, where varied work an annual budget of the Five Civilized Tribes have so long $34,000 is required. resided. The next largest settlement east of the Rockies is in the Dakotas, Dr. Janvier to Return to India where there are 28,000 Sioux. Min- DR. C. A. R. JANVIER, pastor of nesota has 11,000, and Montana the Holland Memorial Presby- IO,OOO, made up of Crows, Blackfeet, terian Church in Philadeiphia, has ac- Cheyennes and Flatheads. Between cepted the presidency of the AlIa- the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra . habad Christian College. Dr. Janvier is a missionary by inheritance, by Nevada there are 71,000, 57,000 of temperament, and by training. His these being in New Mexico and Ari- grandfather was Theophilus Parvin, zona, among whom are 30,000 Nava- a missionary to the Argentine Con- jos, who have a reservation about the size of Pennsylvania. The chief res- federation. His son, Ernest Janvier, ervations east of the Mississippi Riv- is a fourth generation missionary. Hi!'. father, Rev. Levi Janvier, was a er are in Michigan and Wisconsin. missionary of the Presbyterian Board where there are 17,000 Indians, most- ly Chippewas, and in New York at Ludhiana, India, and was mur- State, where the descendants of the dered at Sabathu. The son's earliest Iroquois, in number 5.476, live on memories are of India (altho he was six reservations under one agent. The born in Abington, Pennsylvania, in reservations in Maine, South Caro- 1861), and he recalls Sir John Law- rence and Sir Herbert Edwards as lina, North Carolina and Florida have only a few hundreds on them.

guests at his father's home.

The cause of Allahabad Christian The Bible for the Eskimo College, which was started in 1900 at T the suggestion of Dr. Janvier, who HE Eskimo race exists to-day in scattered settlements along the was then in charge of the mission high-school at Allahabad, has ever Arctic shores of North America.

been closest to his heart. Around a For these people the Bible Society great banyan tree, one of the finest has published translations of Holy in all India, have been erected the Scripture in three different Eskimo buildings of this college, which now dialects. The Eskimo in Greenland has 1,100 men on its campus, 300 of were first evangelized in the early whom are of college grade, the others eighteenth century by Danish and being in the preparatory department. Moravian missionaries. Among the The interest of Princeton alumni was Eskimo of Labrador, the Moravian secured by Dr. Janvier, and they Brethren have also long carried on erected the Princeton building. The successful missionary work. Among financing of this work is a Herculean· the Eskimo in Alaska there is a mis- task. The burden hastened the death sion of the Russian Orthodox Church of Dr. Arthur H. Ewing, the head of besides Protestant missions from the the college, and now Dr. Janvier has United States. The British and For- accepted the call to the land and the eign Bible Society has published the city of his love. He will be the head New Testament, and part of the Old; of the Arthur H. Ewing College, as in Greenland Eskimo, and the entire the institution is now called. Bible in Labrador Eskimo. Both Our Indian Population these versions are printed in roman character. For the Eskimo in Baffin T HERE are 323,000 Indians in the Land this society has published the United States by the latest re- New Testament and the book of turns. The great body of Indians live Genesis itt the dialect known as between the Mississippi and the Rock- Baffin Land Eskimo, printed in syl- ies. One-third of the whole number labic character.

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Good News From Alaska tuned to ller cry of distress, with a vision of her tremendous possibilities T HE Moravians have been labor- for the future. ing in Alaska faithfully for 25 years. The Lord gave the increase, "China is at the parting of the and I,04I Christians had been gath- ways. She stands on the edge of the ered around the missionaries on Jan- right road. But just how to go foruary I, I9I2. Then a remarkable ward, just how to meet and pass over revival took place and, according to the jagged obstructions that 100m up the reports recently published, the before her-these are the things that number of Christians increased to she wants to know. Some of these. 1,250 within four months. This in- obstructions have been there a long, crease consisted of I58 heathen (in- long time, and we are responsible for cluding 63 children), who were bap- them. Others were put in our path tized, of 25 persons who came from by hostile forces, outside influence. the Greek Orthodox Church, and of Please pray for them too. 26 children of Christian parents. "Our cry now is for inspiration and Buddhist Missionaries Jctive guidance that will enable us to dis- tinguish the real from the unreal, to T HE Buddhists have established follow the teachings of our friends many missions for their people and to shun the bad advice of our on the Pacific Coast. They are doing enemie&, to set firm as a big stone a all in their power to keep their peo- genuine and not a playhouse republic ple from slipping away from this the to lead the Chinese people into a day strongest of their national religions. that will last forever, a day whose The Japanese are very susceptible to brightness will benefit foreigners, Tikindness; and, if our people would betans and Mongolians as well as only be true to what they profess to Chinese. believe in regard to the fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man, it "To do all this we feel the need of would be comparatively easy to lead help such as is not within human them to Jesus. There never was any- power to give. We appeal to the where a better opportunity for mis- Great Spirit who has so fittingly been sion work than right here in Califor- called the Supreme Architect of the nia. If the Christians connected with Universe. God was the confidant, our various Protestant churches will the guide of Washington, of Lincoln, but welcome these strangers from the of Gladstone, of Queen Victoria. other side of the Pacific to their fel- Through you we would invoke His lowship, it may not be necessary long blessings upon our great undertakto continue denominational missions ing." for the Japanese upon the coast. EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN One Oh.ervance of China's Day of The World's Y. M. C. A.'s Work Prayer T HE newly published statistics of C HINA'S Day of Prayer was ob- the World's Y. M. C. A. Alhance served in Knox Church, Mon- show that during the past year there treal, by an impressive service, which has been an increase of 62 associabegan with the baptism of four Chi- tions, 500 whole-time officers, and nese. A remarkable letter was read 50,000 members. The total number from Lu Ping Tien, Chinese Consul- of associations is thus 8,584, employ- General for the Dominion of Canada, ing nearly 4,500 whole-time workers, in the course of which he said: and embracing a total membership (including juniors) of 1,100,530. "As you lift up your voices unto Two hundred additional buildings the Lord in behalf of China, I beg of were brought into service for Y. M. you to do so with a knowledge of her C. A. purposes during 1912, bringing present difficulties, with a heart at- the number to over 1,500 in all.

Strangers in England Tu this end, let us pray that these Tibetan visitors may learn the secret I N the colleges of London alone of the highest education, the gospel there are 1,200 students who come of Christ, and carry back with them from India, China, Japan, or Africa. the Good News of salvation through To these may be added others scat- faith in His Name.-London Christered throughout England. The time tian. which these students spend in England decides, in most cases, their Jews in Russia attitude toward the Christian religion for the rest of their lives. A writer T HE unhappy spirit that still prein The Stt.dent Movement for March, vails in some quarters in Russia referring to these students, writes: is only too forcefully revealed by the "They seek friendship, and they too electoral manifesto issued by the often meet with disdain. They look President of the Monarchist Union for an answer to life's loneliness in of that benighted land. The manithe sky, and we bid them find it in festo insists on the necessity of the street. But the tragedy is more "eradicating the Jewish excrescence than personal-it is universal; for deeply incrustated on the body of the back to the East these men go as Russian people"; and it demands the guides to growing natures. What if "exclusion of Jews from all civil and the guides be blind? The stranger military employment by the State in passing from me through the garish order that they shall have no opporstreet into the darkness will one day tunity of demoralizing, poisoning, or rule a home, and little children will oppressing the people, pending their be his. We, by our attitude to him, total expulsion fro111 Russia." It have molded their destinies. Two urges, further, that there should be thousand strangers, heralds to the no Jewish judges, advocates, or jury- East for weal or woe? The answer men; Jewish doctors should not be is in our keeping." allowed to attend Christians, and no Jews should be allowed to become Tibetans in England chemists! The insinuation of mur- derous intent on the part of Jews is T HE visit to this country of some particularly disingenuous, and is ob- Tibetan youths to receive an En- viously an attempt to stir up the comglish education is an incident of more mon people against them for their than passing interest. With them destruction. But God is upon the have come also a Tibetan officer and throne; let Israel still take heart. his wife, and a deputy-superintendent in Bengal and his son. We have seen Methodism in Austria in China the far-reaching results of a similar step taken by Chinese stu- UPON the door of the Methodist dents, men who are nOw at the head Mission Hall in Vienna, is the of affairs in their native land, and, inscription, "Only for Invited Guests." better still, some of them professing The reason is not found in the fact active faith in Christ. The forbidding that the Methodist Church desires attitude of Tibet toward foreigners only a selected audience, but because has earned for it the title of "the liberty of worship is not yet granted closed land"; she has scorned the to Protestants in Roman Catholic blandishments of international diplo- Vienna, and the Protestant missionary macy, and Christian missionaries have can not advertise his services generknocked at her gates in vain. May ally. So would it be in this and every it not be that the God of love has land should the Roman Catholic other plans for her evangelization- Church gain political control. So has even to use some of her own people it always been when Rome has ruled. to carry the gospel into her midst?

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MOSLEM LANDS been expelled from their station by the Greeks, and forced to withdraw Foes Meet and Mingle in Mission Schools to Salonica, after having been very active in relief work in Kortcha and T HE mission schools bring together the surrounding villages. On one oc- in surprizingly friendly relations casion he met in a mountain village representatives of nationalities that some young men who had been in are at enmity. Vhile the Bulgarians America, having worked in the roundwere fighting against the Turks a few house at Indianapolis. Recently he weeks ago, in a school not many was arrested by some soldiers and miles away in Turkey, Turkish, Ar- brought back to Kortcha to be menian, Greek, and other girls were searched by the chief military officer, sewing for soldiers that were fight- who said that reports had come to ing the Greeks. While they sewed, him that the missionary was doing they joined in singing "The Star- political work, writing names of Al- Spangled Banner" and other songs banians who wish autonomy. Mr. learned in the school. Kennedy denied the charges, and in- vited the official to visit his home and I Moslem College Girls school, and understand more dearlv N a recent letter to the friends of the character of the work carried o~ Constantinople College, the princi- by the American Board. In the last pal tells of two especially interesting letter received before the news came Moslem girls, who are among the by cable of his withdrawal from his students. One, who is in the Fresh- station, he wrote: "Our school is man class, is 20 years of age, and undisturbed, but a guard watches to was three years in the preparatory see who attends our Sabbath services. department before entering the col- It will be a relief to us when political lege. Her ambition is a medical conditions are settled." course in the United States, and she is preparing herself by taking all the The Population of Persia biology, chemistry and physiology that the college offers. She is an A FACT not generally known but excellent student. The other Moham- having a real bearing on the probmedan girl is in the Junior class. lem of maintaining order in Persia She remarked not long ago, "If the is the sparseness of its population. Turks had begun sending young men Nat long ago a native estimate quoted and women to Robert College and by Sir John Malcolm was given as Constantinople College when the Bul- 200,000,000. The French traveler of garians did, we would not have been the 17th century, Chardin, put it as beaten in this war." Her father now 40,000,000. But the estimates made lives in Browsa, where his gratitude by Europeans in 1894 reduced it to has been greatly excited by all that 9,000,000; and recently the Teheran American relief work under our Red correspondent of the London Times Cross Society is doing for the refu- declared that there were good reasons gees there, and he recently remarked for putting the total as low as 4,000,- that he would like to fill Asia Minor 000 or less. This is a return to the with American schools. Asia Minor figures given by Mr. R. Thomson, a may be filled with schools on the careful investigator, some years ago. American plan, and carried on by If there are less than 4,000,000 of American methods, if the plan for a people scattered over more than school of education connected with 625,000 square miles of territory, the college can be carried out. there are vast stretches where the maintenance of order must be as diffi- A By·Product of the Balkan War cult as it is in the center of Arabia. For it is not in the densely populated REV. and MRS. PHINEAS B. districts that the troubles have usually KENNEDY, American Board missionaries in Southern Albania, have

broken out, but among the nomad Social Legislation in India tribes of the wilds. FOUR bills introduced into the It is an encouraging sign that the Imperial Legislative Council in government has exprest its willing- 1912 strike at the very root of Inness to grant a concession for a rail- dia's most pressing needs, and show road in Northern Persia to a Russian the stirrings of a social conscience. company, and a similar concession It is of special significance that in Southern Persia to a British firm. three of these bills were introduced Railroads are great civilizers; but by Indians, and the fourth by an here, as in the case of the proposed Eurasian. The first, on universal primary education, while impossible loan of $2,000,000, the Mejlis must of enactment, has stirred the whole country, and already the government ratify the agreements. If Persia can has voted to increase immediately the be developed through foreign capital, number of secondary schools from and with foreign protection, it should 120,000 to 210,000. The second bill, regain to some extent its ancient legalizing marriages between Hindus wealth and splendor. But its day as of different castes and persons of an independent Moslem power is over. different religions, voices the sullen undertone of protest against the ty- INDIA ranny of caste. Another restricts the hours of child labor, and limits the T India's Christians at Work working day to 12 hours. The most HE adult Christians in Ahmed- significant bill of all affords greater nagar, India, have been organ- protection to girls under 16 years of ized in a League of Service, promis- age, and to women. The native State ing to undertake some regular Chris- of Mysore has already abolished the tian service outside their routine dancing girls from all its temples, and duties. Each member joins the com- the passage of this bill by the Immittee whose work appeals to him or perial Council would begin to remove her. One committee undertakes to one of the most terrible blots on the visit the sick, both Christian and pages of Hinduism. Hindu, and bring them Christian literature, another conducts regularly A Mission Centenary in Ceylon weekly services in ten different places where the poorer Christians live, try- J T was in 18 12 that r the first mising to bring them into closer touch s ionary wo k in Ceylon, with the church. Several others hold star ted musical, preaching, and lantern services in many sections of the city, in and the celebration of the centenary the weekly bazaar and in surrounding villages, especially for non-Christians. of the mission evoked great enthusi- Another committee does organized personal work. In all, 12 groups asm among the Singhalese churches. have been actively at work throughout the year, with a total working The special services, conducted by membership of about 60. They meet every Sunday morning at 7 o'clock the Indian secretary, Rev. Herbert for prayer for the week's work. Once a month a public meeting is held at Anderson, were much blest. A fund which the various committees tell of their efforts. Some have been led to for the extension of the mission seek baptism through these services and the total result has been far- school work was raised in Ceylon. reaching for good both in the Christian community and among the non- amounting to £ 1,000, which repre- Christians. sents very generous giving on the part of the Christians. A centenary volume has been published from the pen of the Rev. J. A. Ewing. The president of the Ceylon Baptist Union for this year is a Singhalese lay member of one of the churches in Colombo.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

The Marathi Mission Centenary there are oilly 273 college women in all India. T HE opening of the Marathi Mis- sion of the American Board is High schools and schools of special to be commemorated in November instruction open to women are as fol- by appropriate exercises in both Ah- lows: 112 high schools, with about mednagar and Bombay. The Indian 2,000 pupils in the "high" stage of Olristian community is making ex- study; 8 medical schools with 168 tensive plans to raise a large fund as students; 63 training-schools for teach- a thank-offering, and to carryon an ers with I,278 pupils, and several evangelistic campaign. commercial schools with 74 pupils. Thus there are at least 5,000 The main objects for which the women – school girls as well as centenary gifts are to be used are, college women-in India, in near- ( I) to create a sustentation fund by ly 200 institutions, who are in which the support of all pastors of need of th.e Christian aid of the stu- weak churches shall be supplied with- dent movement, which was started by out dependence on the mission, and the Young Women's Christian Asso- (2) to supply money for the conduct ciation. Its constituency, if we may of evangelistic work. In addition so calI it, may be separated into two some enterprising young men are rctis- groups, the Christians and the noning a third fund, the income of wbich Christians. The first group includes is to be used to aid worthy Indian European and Eurasians as well as Christian youths in obtaining an ad- Indians and represents more than vanced education. It is hoped that 60 per cent. of all college women and many Hindus who might not wish to more than So per cent. of all the girls give to the first two objects will ill high schools. gladly contribute toward this third fund, to express their gratitude to the The student movement has first of mission and to join in an effort for all tried to strengthen the Christian their country's good. zeal of the women students, because it, and with it Christian leadership, Most of the agents connected with is the pressing need among them tothe mission, and some others, have day, because their attitude towarJ promised to give one month's income, truth in general is one of indifference, and others have pledged smaller which often grows into a latent opamounts, while the schools, churches, position when they are faced by the and other organizations are all seek- possibility of a culmination of this ing to do their share. The most sig- truth in Christ. Then the movement nificant feature of the centenary is had attempted to help those women the decision of the Aikya, or general students who are timidly feeling after association of the churches of the truth and have few, if any, to whom mission, to secure self-support for all they could confide their religious difthe churches, and to begin the second ficulties, too many of the professols century with this plan under way. being, alas, men not vitally interested in Christianity. In her home circle Women Students and the Student the average non-Christian woman student would find little sympathy for Movement in India any intellectual restlessness, for In- dian women as a whole seldom think W OMEN students in India are for themselves and during the forma- offered the same general and tive period of their lives are expected professional knowledge as men, with to follow the leading of their elders the exception of engineering and agri- in everything with blind obedience. cultm al studies, but the number of The student secretary comforts and colleges in which women students are advises these women and girls and actually found is 18, 8 art colleges points them to Christ. have r60 women students, 5 medical colleges 76, 4 training colleges for teachers 36, and a law college I. Thus

As an organization, the movement that he would lecture on the Atone- has entered 48 institutions, viz.: 6 art ment and they came intent to hear colleges, 29 high schools, 8 training him. The meetings were wide awake schools and 5 medical schools and col- and earnest, but orderly and re- leges. Its work is especially excellent spectful all through. Since his re- in Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras, in turn to India eight Mohammedans, which cities local student workers are one Brahmin and one other Hindu in charge. Much emphasis is laid have been baptized. upon Bible and Mission study classes. In Bombay and in Madras the work CHINA centers around hostels with genial family life, family prayers morning The Needs of a Single Province and evening, and with distinctly Christian influence throughout. A MISSIONARY gives the follow- ing facts in reference to the Conversion of Moslems in Burma province of Kwanv,-Si: Its area is 77,000 square miles. According to MRS. W. F. ARMSTRONG writes one of the latest official reports its from Rangoon, Burma: "In population is 8,000,000. There are April, 19If, we started street preach- 72 walled cities in the province. Only ing in Teluga, Tamil and Hindustani. nine of these have been opened as One of these three languages is un- stations with resident missionaries. derstood by almost every Indian in Of the remaining 63 cities only six Burma. To our surprize the Hindu- have chapels in charge of native stanis from North and Central India, workers. Nor is this all. There are were the most attentive listeners, and I,200 market towns and 45,000 vilcame in greater number than others. lages scattered throughout the prov- Several from a neighboring mosque ince, only a few of which have gosbegan to come regularly, and Moham- pel chapels. Kwang-Si was formerly medans were listening to the gospel, known as the rebellious province. as we never had seen them do before. The great Tai-Ping rebellion of over 50 years ago had its rise in this prov- Since then the work has gone ince. It was one of the most hostile steadily forward. Bible classes were of all and was the last to yield to the held every Monday, Wednesday, and residence of foreign missionaries. Friday for instructing those who Now the whole province is open to were sufficiently interested to <,.ttt:'nd the gospel. them, while the open-air meetings were continued every Saturday and A New Alphabet and a New Vocabulary Sunday. Two Mohammedans from the Punjab were baptized in Janu- THE Educational Conference for ary, 1912. This confirmed the faith the unification of the Chinese of many and encouraged them to follow their example. language, that has been meeting in Peking under the direction of the Just at this juncture the Lord, Board of Education for the past two whose hand has been marvelously months, has decided on a new alphamanifest in the whole work, brought bet to express Chinese sounds. It to Rangoon a man formerly a Mo- consists of parts of Chinese charachammedan, who had been born in ters, which represent fixt sounds. Rangoon, where most of his family There are 24 initials and IS finals, still reside, but who had been con- making an alphabet of 39 letters verted and educated for the ministry (some say 42). It may be called a in the C. M. S. Mission at Aurunga- Chinese Roman alphabet as the bad, Bombay. The people were pre- method of combination is quite simpared for him, and listened eagerly to ilar to the Roman. This will simplify him as one of themselves; we adver- the learning of Chinese with its nutised in all the mosques in Rangoon merous characters.

Meantime, a new vocabulary is be-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS 55

ing formed, composed of new terms, is the power of religion that is necescoined to meet the enlargement of sary to-day. Christianity has been in knowledge that has taken place dur- China for roo years and is spreading ing the last few years in China, in over all the world. The President and connection with the impact of foreign Lu Cheng Hsing (minister of foreign learning on the Chinese mind. The affairs) realize that Christianity has language is being enriched by such done much for China and hope that vvords as independence, organization, Christianity may be promoted." electives, representative government, home discipline, home training, etc. A few days later the even more The rise of the newspaper and the significant message was adopted by advent of political parties has evolved the cabinet of the republic, requesting both a style and a vocabulary suited prayer for China as already reported. to the changed circumstances. Old This official request is regarded in missionaries say that they have now China as marking 2. significant epoch to acquire what practically amounts in the history of the nation. When to -a new language if they would be we realize that more people have up to date. been added to the (nominal) Chris- tian Church in the last 100 years Men and Religion Party in China than were enrolled in the previolls 1,800 years, we must realize, too, that M R. FRED SMITH and his party, we can not tell what a day will bring after holding 41 meetings in forth in China. There is a strong Japan with an aggregate attendance effort to revive Buddhism in China of I3,839, have held similar meetings and others are pressing the governin China. On the closing night in ment to adopt Confucianism so that China the group were entertained by this step in favor of Christianity is the International University Club. most significant. May China be pre- Two hundred college graduates from served from the folly of trying to every land were present. It was the unite Church and State. May the first introduction of religion into the true foundations of Christianity be Shanghai University Club. In all, laid without compromise and without 24 meetings were held in China and hypocrisy or heresy. then the company sailed, March 4, for the Philippines and thence to Mel- Good Work in China bourne, Australia, where their greatest campaign thus far was held, with MR. ERNEST HAMILTON TAY- 21,000 men in six meetings and 400 LOR, the youngest son of the each day in institutes. late J. Hudson Taylor, of the Cnina The Peking Prayer Meeting Inland Mission, writes from Chao- PASTOR MENG, in charge of the cheng Sha, North China (January Independent Church of Peking, 23, 19I3): "In this district, made presided at a union prayer service on famous by Pastor Hsi, 193 men, boys April I3, called to pray "for the and women were baptized last year, Chinese nation and the National As- making the total membership over sembly." This was the inauguration 1,000. The attendance at Bible of a new era for China and Presi- classes, lasting from 6 to 14 days, dent Yuan Shi Kai sent a representa- was about 500, and over 250 boys tive and many prominent Chinese and girls were in the mission schools. were present. Wellington Koo,· speak- A good number of these have been ing as the President's representative, converted; some were born again said: "The Bible says that the root last year, and quite a few were is in the heart and that if the heart among those baptized. is right, the man will be right, so the family, and so the whole nation. It "Pray that God's spirit may be poured out here in overwhelming power, that the Christians may be sanctified and filled with the Holy

Ghost, and hundreds may be born business. The Aikokwai, or Love- again this year, if Christ tarries. Light Society for young women, the Last year about 700 families put kindergarten, the mothers' clubs, the away idolatry and gave in their social gatherings where the tea and names as wishing to become Chris- rice cakes are preceded by a short tians. Many of these have not over- religious service, reach the home life, come the opposition of the powers and all have been a means of blessing.

of darkness, and at present we do The same building has housed the not see them. Central Baptist Church which has its "Much evangelistic work is done Sunday services, its prayer meetings, by the Christians. There is a native its Christian Endeavor, it" Sunday- evangelistic society which supports school, its women's organization, and about 12 evangelists, each of whom its church paper. This church and does three months' evangelistic work. the Tabernacle cooperate in much of Thousands who are not converted the work, and the converts resulting now, are able to sing hymns and to from the work centered in the Taber- pray. The opium refuge work, started nacle are mostly baptized into this by Pastor Hsi, still continues, and church.

is still used to the conversion of Women's Work in Japan not a few each year. Mrs. Hsi I still continues to do good work In N no other country in the world does so large a percentage of this city."

JAPAN AND KOREA women participate in wage-earning as in Japan. In the United States the TAn Institutional Church in Tokyo proportion is 86 men to 14 women HE destruction by fire of the who are wage earners, 75 men to 25 Baptist Central Tabernacle in women in Great Britain, 80 men to Tokyo ha·s interfered with a many- 20 women in Germany, while in sided work which has been carried Japan there are nearly twice as many on for over four years. women as men on the pay rolls of the Five nights in the week the Japa- government. All large employers as- nese lanterns are out waving an invi- sert that women are the industrial tation to the passing people to come backbone of the country. The cheap in and listen to the message of the labor of women and children is the larger life. Of course, the attendance secret of the competitive power of varies greatly, but long paper placard- the Japanese in textile and other announcements and good lively sing- light handicraft industries.

ing always bring in a number of How a Fortune Was Lost people. After a pointed gospel mes- A sage the people are urged to remain PROMINENT Korean bore the name Jong Mock, and at one for heart-to-heart personal instruction. Here possibly the most effective time possest considerable property and work is done. Those who are gen- influence in his own country, and uinely interested leave their names ho now is engaged in mercantile and addresses and are followed up by lines in Shanghai-kwan. Mock of- means of letters, tracts and visitation. fended the Japanese authorities of Everv other month there is a week the Hai-Tsin region a couple of or ten" days' special campaign of years ago, and a charge of treason- evangelism. Saturday afternoon lec- able conduct was lodged against him.

tures by Christian leaders in various He was in the rice business, but his walks of life give an opportunity for banking account was at Vladivostok, reaching the student class. The and when his property was seized and boarding-home for young men is a confiscated and he himself banished center of helpful influence, as is also from the country he was not en- the night-school for young men in tirely without means. He established

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

himself here last August and is doing tianity. The goddess of mercy, Kwan- a prosperous business, but the calls non, is especially revered and people for bread on the part of his coun- will pay a fee of five cents' for the trymen have left him so that his privilege of worshiping the 1,001 im- original capital is sadly reduced. "I ages of Kwannon, which are in the am compelled to refuse some," he Sanjusando at Kyoto. Many officers said recently; "I can not see why of high rank, among them, it is said, the so-called Christian nations do not the famous Admiral Togo, had images demand of Japan much better treat- of the goddess concealed in their ment of the people of Korea. I have clothes during the Russo-Japanese not traveled much, but I have read war.

a great deal, and I have come to Sun worshipers are very numerous: the conclusion that not in recent the late Emperor and General Koda- decades has a people been so bru- ma were among them, and the new tally treated and despoiled of their Emperor is one. All military suc- homes and their lives." cesses are ascribed to the miraculous Poverty in Japan influence of the Emperor's virtues and to the virtues of the imperial and REV. HASSELL, a missionary of divine ancestors, and the Emperor is the Southern Presbyterian Church thought to be a descendant of the sun. All great victories are announced to in Takamatsu, Japan, writes that con- the sun goddess at her great shrine ditions among the poorer classes were, at I se by special imperial envoys. In perhaps, never so straitened as they some places funerals are conducted are just now. Year before last the at night, because the carrying of a rice crop was short, last year it was dead body through the streets while little better, and this year rain has the sun is shining, would be an insult been very scarce, so that rice has to the sun. Some people will not sleep reached so high a price as, perhaps, so that their feet will be turned tonever before. This has caused the ward the rising sun for fear of showpoor to give up fish .and other things, ing disrespect to it. which the Japanese eat almost invariably with rice, while some have been The fox-god, Inari Sarna, is also forced to cut out breakfast and send very popular. His shrines are found the children hungry to the school. In in nearly all barber and sake shops, many poor homes potato peelings or and the geisha have little Inari some such refuse are mixed with the shrines in their .houses. nee. Benzuri Sarna, commonly called "0 Beggars are seen walking the mud- ~ade San" (the rubbing god), is also dy, filthy streets and picking up a few quite popular. Many think that by grains of boiled rice which had been rubbing his wooden image they may spilled by passers, and eating it just be healed of any disease. Kobo Daias it is. Other beggars are searching shi, a religious teacher, born in Sanuamong the filth of a street garbage- ki Province, is also said to have healbox for dead rats, which they hope to ing power, and crowds of people visit sell to the city authorities, or for some the 88 shrines founded by him. other trifle, in order to appease their ravishing hunger. Thus the Japanese in general are under the awful power of supersti- Truly, the temporal poverty in Japan tion. Only the truth as it i? in Jesus must be appalling, but it is no greater can make them free. than the spiritual destitution of the people. A Third Trial for Korean Christiana T Superstition in Japan HE Supreme Court of Korea has nullified the decision of the Ap- SUPERSTITION has a remarkable hold upon all classes of Japanese peals Court in Seoul in regard to the and forms, perhaps, one of the great- six Koreans convicted by the Tai .Ku est obstacles to the spread of Chris- Court of Appeals for conspiracy

against the life of the Japanese Gov- Hospital, Cairo. Letters and cableernor-General, and has ordered a re- grams now report his -satisfactory examination on the ground that the progress toward recovery, and the judgment of the court at Seoul "did prospect of his return to active sernot make it clear whether any actual vice in a few weeks. Our gratitude preparation for the contemplated to God is profound for His sparing crime had been made." The alleged of this noble life for further labors plot of Christians in Korea against of love m behalf of the Moslem Japanese rule thus falls to the ground, world. and it is hoped that even the six who were finally convicted may be acquitted AFRICA on re-examination. A Faith.ful Moslem Convert A Korean Christian Woman A SPEAKER at the recent confer- S ONGSI, one of the oldest Chris- ence on Missionary Work for tians in Chai Ryung, has finished Mohammedans brought out the imher earthly course. It was she portance of thinking of the problem who kept together the little band of in personal terms, and to that end, of hardly 70 believers, some IS years portraying the lives of individual ago, when it was harder to "do the Moslem converts. In this connection, doctrine" than it is now. She was we read with interest the story of rich then and owned a fine tile-roofed Philibbus Abdullah, one of the first house which she gave as the first converts of the C. M. S. in Cairo, church building, keeping only one who died triumphantly after a long room for herself. The little band life of faithful witnessing, chiefly grew until, on winter evenings, the among the patients in the hospital at place would be crowded to the doors. Cairo. The editor of the Orient and The windows were shut tight to keep Occident writes of him: "He was the cold air out and sometimes sud- from first to last as unshakable as a denly, in the midst of the services, rock. An humble peasant was he, but the lamps would grow dim for lack possest of much mother-wit and inof oxygen and doors and windows telligence, so that after learning to had to be thrown open. Songsi lived read, at a rate and with an efficiency to see the congregation moved from that surprized all, he became an unher house to a church on the hill- wearied Bible student, and would exside, seating about 900, and her old pound the same in his own quaint home is still in use as a girls' pri- and earnest way to all who would mary-school. Many of the Korean listen. Thus from the time when he women came to her funeral and spoke sold his little property in the counlovingly of her, and with tears in try to be admitted into the Christheir eyes called her "the mother of tian fellowship in the town, down to our church." the moment of his death he was a faithful servant of Christ. We praise Dr. Zwemer's Illness God for our brother, and see in him, humble tho he was, the firstfruits of MANY friends of Dr. Samuel M. a mighty host who will one day fill Zwemer, and of the cause of this land." Christ among Moslems, will hear with sorrow of the serious illness through Islam and Easy Divorce which this valiant Soldier of the Cross has been passing, and will rejoice at A WRITER in the Moslem World the news of his progress toward full describes the extent of divorce recovery. in Mohammedan Egypt. Lateefa of B., in her 19th year, has been On May 17th, Dr. Zwemer met with divorced four times. Ibrahim Effena serious accident, which required an di, a youth of 27, has been married immediate operation in the Prussian 13 times. Another youth, when re-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

proved for taking a 28th wife, re- tonholed me and led me away into a plied, "Why should I not, when my clump of bananas. There he told father divorced 38?" It is a common me he had started a new religion of saying among Moslems; "A woman his own, the worship of the late Mr. is like a pair of shoes. If she gets Cobb. The favorite saying of the old a man throws her away and buys dead missionary had been: "Look another as long as he has money." up, we are going up and on." This Of every seven Moslems married in poor heathen, who had watched him Egypt more than two are, according to so closely, said to me, "Whenever I official record, divorced. But the am in a tight corner, I send up a actual number of divorces is probably little prayer to Mr. Cobb, for he will even greater. The police say that in have a great say with God!" many cases no pretense of recording divorce is made. "You find a woman Universities Mission in this house to-day and in another to- T HIS notable work was called into ITIOrrOW" being by Livingstone's great speech at Cambridge. Its withdrawal LlVINGSTONIA AND CENTRAL from the Lake region saddened him beyond any other calamity. But it AFRICA had only withdrawn to another base, and from Zanzibar proceeded to at- Two Missionaries and Their Converts tack the continent, gradually spread- ing farther inland, until in 1880 it M R. DAN CRAWFORD has la- reached the lake on the east side. To- bored for 22 years in the wilds day it has three dioceses, one at Zanof Central Africa, and has translated zibar, with 19 ordained missionaries the Scriptmes into the Suba dialect. and over 16,000 adherents, of whom He Will return before long to his 4,200 are communicants. Another at remote station, 600 miles inland from Likoma, on Lake Nyasa, with 16 or- Lake Tanganyika. These remote dained missionaries, 16,146 adherents, tribes call the missionary "Mr. Softy," and 4,389 communicants. Recently a because he comes to them without a third has been established in Northrifle, armed only with a walking- ern Rhodesia, ne>ar the land which stick and a Book. Sometimes the Livingstone toiled through on his last white teacher is summoned to unex- journey. It is one of the remarkable pected duties. Mr. Crawford arrived evidences of the catloolicity of his naone night on the scene of a fierce ture that he, with his strong Scottish clan quarrel. All night he labored evangelical sympathies, should be the to reconcile the disputants, and the acknowledged hero of one of the most dawn broke on a scene of happy rec- ritualistic missions of the Church of onciliation which has lasted 19 years. England.

Before the Scriptures in their own Some of Livingstone's Achievements tongue reached the people the missionaries were their walking, talking T HE Rev. Donald Fraser, a mis- Bible. "They look through your .body, sionary in Africa, gives in the they read you like the plainest print." Glasgow Herald a striking illustra- Mr. Crawford told of one missionary, tion of what Livingstone's life meant Mr. Cobb, a learned, austere, ascetic for Nyassaland. "Thirty-six years Christian, who died at his post before ago," he says, "there was no comhe could master the language. Once merce in Nyassaland beyond the slave a native came across the hills and traffic; to-day the external trade, imfor ten days he followed Mr. Cobb ports and exports, amounts to £446,- as closely as his shadow, then quietly 000. Livingstone saw the opportunity and mysteriously vanished. Two years for successful plantations, but his first later, Mr. Crawford crossed the hills, and, while teaching in a new region, unexpectedly met this man. "He but-

efforts failed. Last year over 2,000,- marriages between white and colored 000 lbs. of tobacco, 1,300,000 lbs. of persons, demanding at the same time cotton, and 750,000 lbs. of coffee, that the government take energetic were exported. When Livingstone measures against immoral alliances surveyed Nyassaland in his latter between members of the two races. days he saw the land that he had The Bavarian branch of the Colonial opened abandoned as unfit for Euro- Society declared also that provision pean residence; to-day there are 773 must be made for the illegitimate settlers in that land, and over 200 of children already in existence. Misthese are women. Twenty-five years sionary circles in Germany approve ago the natives contributed nothing of the stand taken by the Colonial to the revenue of the Protectorate; Society, and hope that the German last year in hut taxes alone they Government will take steps looking paid £ 50,984- The trackless land in toward the establishment of schools which the explorer lost his way, for these bastard children. whose paths were closed by war, is now penetrated by over 3,000 miles Hitherto they were left entirely to of road. The people who lived in the care of the missionaries, and restless barbari&m, whose languages therefore the Rhenish Missionary were not reduced to writing, have to- Society founded two asylums for day 1,527 schools, with II 9,402 them, at Okahandja and at Keetscholars on the roll. Men who knew manshoop (see MISSIONARY REVIEW, few arts beyond that of war are to- December, I909, p. 955). These asyday printers, builders, carpenters, lums have not been a success, and clerks, and telegraphists. A com- the Rhenish Society has already given munity of over 1,000,000 souls has up the one at Keetmanshoop. All its entered into a new era of settled children have been entrusted to the peace and constant progress." care of Christian families in that neighborhood under the twofold con- A Shame in Southwest Africa dition that they be well treated and be sent to school and church regu- DURING the past four years, and larly. The missionary who has had longer, the German Government charge of the asylum during these and German missionary societies have years, says: "The natives have not wrestled with a question which has valued rightly the difficult and exbeen called "Germany's shame in pensive work. We have observed German Southwest Africa," namely, little gratitude of the relatives of the with the question of bastard children. The number of illegitimate children, children, and we have met frequent mainly of a white father and a black criticism and dissatisfaction because mother, has been continually increasing, and the poor children have not the children were not drest costly been recognized by the natives, among enough. The most extraordinary whom they are legally counted, any more than by their white fathers. views prevail. Even one of the Herero Lately the German Government has elders said that these children bemade another attempt at solving the puzzling question by submitting to longed to the German Emperor, bethe Parliament a law which declares cause the great majority of the marriages between white and black legal. That law has been adopted on fathers (probably 99 per cent.) are May 8, but almost immediately pro- German soldiers. Therefore, all the tests against its adoption were issued by the German Colonial Society. The children should be educated accordexecutive committee of the society ingly, the boys as future soldiers-." declared itself strictly opposed to all Just because of the fact that white soldiers mainly are the guilty ones in this case, German discipline and the preaching of the Gospel should labor together in eradicating the shame of German Southwest Africa. AND MISSION LANDS BOOKS plague that followed the uprising and witnessed the passing of the empire. MISSIONARY METHODS. St. Paul's or Ours. These thrilling scenes are described By Rev. Roland Allen. 8vo, 234 pp. in a simple, unaffected style that $1.50, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1913. makes them doubly impressive. With perfect faith in God's mercy, she This is by far the most complete moved serenely through the most and careful study we have seen of tragic and painful adventures. "The the missionary methods of the Church of Christ, baptized in this Apostle Paul and their application to precious blood, has risen triumphant the work to-day. Mr. Allen, who over all her enemies. The native was formerly a missionary in China, Christians now number 300,000, analyses, with much skill, the condi- which is three times as many as betions which faced the great apostle fore the riots of 1900. Besides those in his work in Galatia, Macedonia, actually baptized, there is an enor- Achaia, and Asia; studies the man- mous constituency estimated at over ner and substance of his preaching; 3,000,000, who know the value and describes the training of the converts feel the power of the religion of and his method of dealing with ] esus Christ." churches. In contrast with the results of St. Paul's missionary labors NOTABLE WOMEN OF MODERN CH;INA. By he considers the results of modern Margaret E. Burton. Illustrated. 8vo, mISSIOns: ( 1 ) Christianity is still 271 pp. $1.25 net. Fleming H. Revell exotic in mission lands; (2) Missions Co., 1913. are still dependent on home churches; (3) and all are of the same occi- Many will be astounded at the facts dental type. He gives what he be- related in this book. They have been lieves to be the reasons for our com- so accustomed to think of Chinese parative failure and the methods that women as ignorant heathen with cripshould be adopted to insure success. pled feet that the portraits of in- It is a very valuable study in mis- telligent Christian wives and mothers, sionary methods. Many will not physicians and teachers will be a agree with the author's conclusions, wholesome revelation. but all will be profited by a study of Mrs. Burton presents four Iifethem. stories: (I) Dr. Hii King Eng- brought up in a Christian home, edu- NEW TH;RILLS IN OLD CH:INA. By Char- cated in America and returning to lotte E. Hawes. 12mo, 272 pp. 16 become a beloved physician to her illustrations and map. $1.25, net. George own people; (2) Mrs. Ahok-a H. Doran Company, New York, 1913. woman of wealth, who devoted her life to work among the upper classes Miss Hawes' IS years as a Pres- of· Chinese women; (3) Dr. Id? byterian missionary at Wei Hsien, Kahn, a student at the University of Shantung, began in 1897 when forces Michigan, and after service in Kuiwere already at work to undermine kiang, a pioneer Christian physician the old regime. A new generation in Nan Chang; (4) Finally Dr. Mary with liberal views stirred the govern- Stone-Maiy ii, "Beautiful Gem"- ment to action and resulted in intense a woman who grew up with unbound hatred toward foreigners whose lives feet (in spite of her good birth) and were frequently threatened. During became one of the first Chinese the Boxer riots, the Mission at Wei women physicians and a power for Hsien was attacked by the mob and good both in America and in China. Miss Hawes escaped by a back window while a mob was plundering the The stories are well written and buildings. She lived through the of intense interest and broadening in East Africa has had an interesting sympathy. Women of America should history and furnishes an inspiring read in order to know the best of story. The hindrances and disaptheir Chinese sisters. pointments are told as well as ~he successes. It is a story upon whIch CHRISTIANITY AT WORK. Edited by Charles every reader may gain. informat~on S. MacFarland. 8vo, 291 pp. $1.00, net. and inspiration and whIch may gIve The Federal Council of the Churches many useful suggestions to other mis- of Christ in America, New York, 1913. sions.

The report of the quad.rennia.l ses- A WAY OF HONOR. By Henry Kingman, sion of the Federal CouncIl (ChIcago, D.D. 8vo, $1.00, net. Fleming H. Re- I9I2), contains .a great variety of vell Co., New York, 1912. messages of vaned values. Necessarily when all Christian cre.eds are "It is the problem of the preacher meeting. together, only pomts of to commend the ancient messages of agreement are emphasized and many Jesus and the apostles to those who beliefs dear to saints are left un- demand that their text-books should touched. The points in common in- have been written within ten years in clude the task before the Christian order to secure a hearing. It is the Church and the need for action and firm conviction of the writer that the cooperation. The points of disagree- essentials of the message that once ment would be such beliefs as the in- stirred Galilee and Rome are intensely spiration of the Bibl~, <;tnd met~ods and incisively fresh and interesting to of work. From a mIssIonary vIew- each new generation: an.d. that there point, the best work of the council is nothing to which the cntlcal student and the most important features. of of our day listens with deeper attenthe report deal with the steps lookmg tion than these same words of Jesus, toward federation and closer coopera- related to the issue of our time." tion among evangelical churches at home and abroad. These reports are Dr. Kingman makes these prefatory presented by Dr. Lemuel Call Barnes remarks in this volume of addresses and Dr. James L. Barton. ~aturally, prepared for an audience of college we disagree with many pomt~ and men and women. The fourteen serpositions in the. addresses,. ~hIle we are in accord WIth the spmt of fel- mons are all distinguished for spiritlowship and aggressive evangelism. ual insight, intense feeling, and a beauty of expression that makes them TRUE EVANGELISM. By Lewis S. Chafer. models of graceful and poetic diction. 12mo, 160 pp. 50 cents, net. Gospel Publishing House, Bible School Park, NATHAN SITES. By S. Moore Sites. In- New York, 1912. troduction by Bishop W. McDow.ell. When an evangelist gives his view of evangelism we may expect a reve- Illustrated. 256 pp. $1.50, net. Flemmg lation. Mr. Chafer points out the false forces and wrong methods in H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. missionary work. He deprecates revivals that are worked up rather than For nearly 40 years Dr. ~ites :vas prayed down, and shows that there are natural scriptural rnethods that engaged in missionary work In Chma. will keep a church alive and healthy. The chapter on "The Clean~ing of the He was the first alumnus of the Ohio Priests" would be a blessmg to any thoughtful minister who will read it. Wesleyan University to go to a for- TWENTY YEARS OF PIONEER MISSIONS IN lehio~-end field. At Fuchau, where he and labored for a lifetime, his NYASALAND. By Bishop J. Taylor name is held in lasting reverence and Hamilton. 8vo, 102 pp. $1.25. Bethle- love. A man of prodigious energy hem Printing Co., Bethlehem, Pa. and holy zweoal~ehne led many American The Moravian Missions in German men and to consecrate their lives to missionary work. His influ- ence over the Chinese people was far- reaching and uplifting. Through his loving Christian ministry large num- hers accepted the gospel, and many became teachers of their countrymen

THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY

in spiritual matters; torch-bearers which had given him distinction as an bringing the light eternal into dark- American officer shone resplendently ened lives. in the service of the Master. The This biography by Mrs. Sites is a Garsts endured poverty and privations, worthy tribute to a splendid and in- they faced mobs and suffered from spiring personality. As a purely lite- petty persecutions, but the clear flame rary performance, also, it has distinc- of faith burned steadily in their hearts tion. The principal incidents in the and sustained them in the hour of story of the missionary's labors, are trial, and everything was subordinated set forth in a series of pen-pictures, to the will of God. Noone can read each complete in itself, but correlated. this story of a Christian soldier and The studies of Cbinese life and char- his devoted family without feeling in- acter are sympathetic and illuminating spired to stronger efforts in the Mas- and afford much valuable information ter's cause. Charles E. Garst died on as to the condition of the Chinese em- the field in 1898 and was buried at pire during that middle period which Aoyama, where his memory is revered culminated in the Boxer uprising and and honored. Less than a year ago the revolution. The trials of a pioneer his daughter, Gretchen, went to Japan missionary, his perils and privations, to take up her father's work.

the silent struggle, against odds, the SUNSHINE AND SHADOW ON THE TIBETAl< modest victories, for the Master, all BORDER. By Flora Beal Shelton. Illusthese are described with intense human trated. 12mo, 141 pp. SOc. Foreign interest and graphic detail. Christian Missionary Society, Cincin- The book is exceptionally well illus- nati.

trated, with many reproductions of lo- Tibet, the land without a missioncal scenes in black-and-white, and ary, is besieged on the western, southsome of them are hand-tinted by ern and eastern borders. At Batang, West Cbina, the Foreign Christian Japanese artists.

Missionary Society has a mission. The A WEST-POINTER IN THE LAND OF THE romantic and stirring story of the MIKADO. By Laura Delany Garst. 12mo. Illustrated. 295 pp. $1.25, net. The founding and conduct of this work is Fleming Revell Co., New York, 1913. well told by Mrs. Shelton. Some pas- "The West never made a greater sages are of thrilling interest. The gift to the East than Charles E. Garst," story of the sufferings endured by the said a great Japanese statesman in ap- people without doctors is terrible, but preciation of the labors for humanity the progress of the missionaries with of the subject of this biography. The the Gospel and medical skill is most story of this West Point graduate, encouraging.

who resigned his commission in the A HUNDRED YEARS OF MISSIONS. By Rev.

United States Army to enter the for- Delavan L. Leonard, D.D. Third Edieign missionary field, is related by his tion. 12mo, 455 pp. $1.20. Funk & wife with much graphic skill and ten- Wagnalls Co., 1913.

derness. Cbarles E. Garst yearned to It is sufficient commentary on this carry the gospel message to the East "story of missions since Carey," by while yet a student, but with that high our associate editor, that a third edi- snse of honor which inspired his tion has been called for. This is every act in life, he felt that he owed now presented in a revised and up- some return to his government for the to-date volume which gives consecu- free education he had received. So tively the story of missions in each for eight years he performed his era and each land. The revolutions duties as a soldier faithfully and well, in China and Turkey are noted and when he resigned to join the Christian the marvelous progress in Korea, but army laboring for the Lord in the not in Africa. It is a valuable com- Japanese empire. The high qualities pendium.

NEW BOOKS CHRISTIAN UNITY AT WORK. The Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in LATIN AMERICA: ITs RISE AND PROGRESS. America in Quadrennial Session at Chi- By F. Garcia-Caldron. With a Preface cago, Illinois, 1913. Edi~ed by Charles by Raymond Poincare. Translated by S. Macfarland, Secretary. 8vo, 291 pp. Bernard Mial!. Ilustrated. 8vo, 406 pp. $r.oo, net. Federal Council of Churches, Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 215 Fourth Ave., New York, 1913.

1913. THE GHOSTS OF BIGOTRY. Six Lectures by THE LAND OF THE PEAKS AND THE PAMPAS. Rev. P. C. Yorke, D.D. Second Edition. 12mo, 320 pp. Text Book Pub. Co., 641 By Jesse Page, F.R.G.S. 8vo, 367 pp. Stevenson St., San Francisco, 1913. Illustrated. 3s. 6d., net. Religious THE MORTIMERS. A Story. By J. A. S. Tract Society, London, 1913. THE MODERN CALL OF MISSIONS. Studies Batty. Illustrated 12mo, 138 pp. S. P. G. F. P., IS Tufton St., Westminster, in Some of the Larger Aspects of a London, 1913. Great Enterprise. By James S. Den- PASTOR HSI (OF NORTH CHINA), ONE OF nis, D.D. 8vo, 341 pp. $1.50, net. Flem- CHINA'S CHRISTIANS. By Mrs. Howard ing H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. Taylor. Paper cover, lZffiO, 400 pp. 6d., THE KING'S BUSINESS. A Study of In- net. Morgan & Scott, London, 1913. creased Efficiency for Women's Mis- sionary Societies. By Maud Wotring PAMPHLETS Raymond. Illustrated. 12mo. 50c., cloth; 30c., paper. Central Committee A BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR MISSIONARY STUDENTS. on the United Study of Foreign Mis- Edited by H. U. Weitbrecht, Ph.D., sions, West Medford, Mass., 1913. D.D. 141 pp. Is., net. Board of Study THREE MEN ON A CHINESE HOUSEBOAT. for Preparation of Missionaries, Lon- The Story of a River Voyage. By don, 1913. the Rev. W. Munn. Illustrated. 12mo, 171 pp. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell AN OPEN DOOR. Report of the Bible Co., New York, 1913. House of Los Angeles. 48 pp. Illus- HINDUISM, ANCIENT AND MODERN. Viewed trated. Bible House of Los Angeles, in the Light of the Incarnation. By 620 Lissner Bldg. John A. Sharrock M.A. 12mo, 237 pp. 2s., 6d., net. Society for the Propaga- A SIMPLE GUIDE TO THE TRANSLATION AND tion of the Gospel, Westminster, Lon- SPELLING OF ARABIC NAMES. By W. H. T. Gairdner and A. T. Upson. 34 pp. don, 1913. 2Y.d. Nile Mission Press, Cairo, THE LIFE AND MINISTRY OF THOMAS Egypt, 1913.

NEATBY. Edited by his wife. Illus- REPORT OF THE NEW YORK SABBATH COM- trated. 12mo, 109 pp. Is., net; Is., 3d., MITTEE. For its Fifty-sixth Year. 31 pp. post free. Pickering & Inglis, Glas- New York City, 31 Bible House, 1913.

gow, 1913. COOPERATION BETWEEN MISSIONARIES AND INSIDE VIEWS OF MISSION LIFE. By Annie THE INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF MISSIONS. 8 pp. International Review of Mis- L. A. Baird. 12mo, 138 pp. 35c. The sions, 1 Charlotte Sq., Edinburgh, 1913. Westminster Press, Philadelphia, 1913. THE CONSPIRACY CASE IN CHOSEN. 95 pp. THE CHARACTERISTIC DIFFERENCES OF THE Compiled and published by the Seoul FOUR GOSPELS. Considered as Revealing Press, Seoul, Korea, Sept. 25, 1912.

Various Relations of the Lord Jesus TURKEY AND THE BALKAN WAR. By Joseph Christ. By Andrew Jukes. 12mo, 163 K. Greene, D.D. Envelop Series. 26 pp. Pickering & Inglis, Glasgow, 1913. pp. lOc. American Board of Com- missioners for Foreign- Missions, Bos- WESLEY'S WORLD PARISH. By George G. ton, Mass., 1913. Findlay, D.D., and Mary Grace Find- lay, M.Sc. Illustrated. 224 pp. Is., net. THE BIBLE. By I. M. Haldeman, D.D. Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1913. 158 pp. 15c. Charles C. Cook, New York, 150 Nassau St. APA SUKA, TUAN. (Malaysia.) By J. A. Cook. 12mo, 181 pp. 3s., 6d., net. THE LIFE OF DAVID LIVINGSTONE. By Mrs. Arthur H. Stockwell, 29 Ludgate Hill, J. H. Worcester, Jr. 104 pp. 15c. London, E.c. Bible Institute Colportage Association, THE STEEP ASCENT. By Emily E. Ent- Chicago. wistle. 12mo, 216 pp. $1.00. Flem- ing H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. THE TRAGEDY AND THE IMPERATIVE OF CHRISTIAN EDUCATION IN CHINA. By SPIRITUAL CULTURE AND SOCIAL SERVICE. Herbert E. House. 17 pp. 156 Fifth By Charles S. Macfarland. I2mo, 222 Ave., New York. pp. $r.oo, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. HOME MISSIONS AND THE WEST. Report- ing General Survey of Conditions in VISIONS FOR MISSIONARIES AND OTHERS. Fifte~n Western States. Bulletin No. By H. H. Montgomery, D.D., D.C.L. 1. February, 1913. Committee of the Second Series. I6mo, 154 pp. S. P. G. Home Missions Council, 156 Fifth F. P., IS Tufton St., Westminster, S. W., Avenue, New York.

London, 1913.