The Missionary Review of the World — July 1939

1939

The "Moksa" Goes to the Country Shannon McCune When a Mission Became a Church Alexander H. Kemp Rural Youth of the Church Today H. S. Randolph Spain Today and Tomorrow By a Wayfarer Politics and Religion in Albania Phineas B. Kennedy Liberty and Religion in Red Russia F. J. Miles Forty Years' Progress in Latin America Webster E. Browning 25 Cents a CoP1 $2.50 a Yeat'

D.tes to Remember WORLD FRIENDSHIP — FIRST

June 24-July I-Eagles Mere Confer- IIJUST LIKE YOU II ence of Missions. Chairman, Mrs. Earl Breeding, 24 Rugby Lane, By LUCY W. PEABODY Scarsdale, N. Y. 196 pages, a picture on every page. Children love it···Libraries need it. June 28-July l7-Erieside Conference for Girls and Young Women. Wil- PEACE AND GOOD WILL DEPEND UPON IT lowick, Ohio. Special Price, $1.00, Postpaid July 3-10-Northfield Missionary Con- ference for Women and Girls. East Order from MISS M. H. LEAVIS, 186 Massachusetts Ave., Boston, Mass. Northfield, Mass. For information, address Mrs. Warren C. Taylor, 38 Obituary Notes of seventy. For thirty years he had Union Ave., Schenectady, N. Y. held administrative positions in the Mr. Russell Carter, who retired Illinois Synod and the United July 6-11 – International Christian two years ago after serving forty Lutheran Church. He retired from Endeavor Convention, Cleveland, O. years as treasurer and Assistant active service in 1936 after having Treasurer of the Presbyterian Board served as Secretary of English Mis- July ll-August 16 – Winona Lake of Foreign Missions, died in Pitts- sions of the Board of American Mis- School of Theology. Winona Lake, burgh, Pa., April 29, at the age of sions for eighteen years. Ind. Dean, Dr. J. A. Huffman, 302 72. Mr. Carter had also traveled Morton Blvd., Marion, Ind. *** • • extensively in foreign lands. July 22-28-Baptist WorId Congress. The Rev. Albert Oltmans, former Atlanta, Ga. • secretary of the American Mission to Lepers, died June 12th, at Yokohama, July 2l-30-'-Erieside Annual Summer Rev. George F. Jenkins, formerly at the age of eighty-four. Bible Conference. Willowick, near Cleveland, Ohio. a Presbyterian missionary in China, He was born in the Netherlands, and came to the United States when a July 24-August 2-World Conference died April 6, in Kansas City, Mo. In youth: He was graduated from Hope of Christian Youth, Amsterdam, 1903, Mr. Jenkins went to Hunan un- College, Holland, Mich, in 1883, and Holland. der the Cumberland Presbyterian from the New Brunswick Theological Seminary in 1886. That year he went August 30-Sept. 2-National Rural Church; and later transferred to to Japan as a missionary for the Re- Forum. Penn State College, under the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., formed Church in America. He re- the auspices of the American Coun- stationed first at Changteh and then tired from active service as a mis- try Life Assn., Dr. Benson Y. sionary fifteen years ago and took up Landis, Executive Secretary, 297 at Taoyuan, where he established an his work as secretary of the American Fourth Ave., New York. Mission to Lepers in Tokio. Recently, • orphanage. • • the Japanese Government decorated August l-lO-Erieside Conference for Mrs. Caroline Atwater Mason, au- him for his work among lepers. Boys and Young Men. Willowick, thor of more than twenty volumes of Ohio. short stories, travel and religious Aug. SolO-Ninth Quadrennial Con- books, died recently. She was the vention of the Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary Society of Af- widow of Dr. John H. Mason, a pro- Personal Items rican Methodist Episcopal Zion fessor in Rochester Theological Sem- Church, Detroit, Mich. inary.

August l3-2O-Geneva Summer School The Rt. Rev*. R*ob*ert Lewis Pad- of Missions, Lake Geneva, Wis. For information write to Mrs. Paul dock, retired Bishop of the Protestant Rev. William C. Kerr, of Seoul, H. Wezeman, 1177 S. Humphrey Episcopal Church, died in Clifton, Korea, has been appointed to the fac- Ave., Oak Park, Ill. N. Y., on May 17 after a long ill- ness. He was born December 24, ulty of the Imperial University in Sept. 2-4-Erieside Business Women's Conference, Willowick, Ohio. 1869, in Brooklyn, N. Y., and was Seoul, to teach Latin and English ordained as Missionary Bishop of Literature. Because of this connec- DO YOUR S.S.PAPERS Eastern Oregon, in 1907. He retired tion he has been able to start an Eng- ~ in 1922. **• lish Bible Class among university stu- BIBLE TRUTH? Rev. William B. Millar, D.D., for- dents. **• ~~ COUNCll. ~ FIDES – For Young· People merly General Secretary of the New Dr. William Webster Hall, Jr., of York Federation of Churches, died on New York and Sofia, Bulgaria, has May 30 in New York City as a re- been called to the presidency of the sult of a stroke, at the age of 73 College of Idaho. His experience in years. Dr. Millar was born in Lake Mills, dealing with educational pioneering Wis., in 1866. After his graduation was gained in the Near East first at from Lawrence College, Appleton, Robert College, and then in the Ameri- Wis., he became a Y. M. C. A. secre- tary at LaCrosse and later was Sec- can College in Sofia. He is the retary of the International Committee author of numerous magazine articles (1896-1910). He was a founder of and books. the Army and Navy Department of *** Mr. P. O. Philip who has been for the Y. M. C. A. in which he did excel- some years Secretary of the National lent pioneer work. He was General Christian Council of India and one of Secretary of the Laymen's Missionary the Editors of the N. C. C. Review has Movement and later of the Inter- resigned as Secretary to take up work church World Movement. Dr. Mil- in connection with the Mar Thoma lar is survived by his widow and three Syrian Church whose interests have daughters and a son. always been very dear to him. His *** home will be in Travancore, South India, and he is expecting to be a reg- Dr. John F. Seibert, for nearly a ular contributor to the N. C. C. Re- half a century an active home mission view. 1502 N. Third St. Harri.bare, Pena. worker in the United Lutheran (Concluded on page 337.) Church, died April 19th at the age

MISSIONARY HOW TO EDUCAT'E

REVJEW OF THE WORLD YOUR CHILD At Home. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor Calvert's wor1d~famou8 home study plan fives superior VOL. LXII Nos. 7-8 education to thousands of children not near good schools JULy-AUG., 1939 t or unable to attend school. Complete courses for each Publication and Business Office- grade from Kindergarten to High School. All books. Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. materials and teacher gl.!idance included. En- t~lUsias:ical1y endorsed by educators and parents. Editorial and Executive Office– Low cost. Vrite today for free catalog. State 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. child's age, Entered as second-class matter jt CALVERT SCHOOL, 187 E. Tnscany Rd., Bahim.re, Md. Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. all the missionary societies. It can 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. do for these societies what no one of Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Published monthly, except August. them can do for itself." All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1939. JOHN R. MOTT, British agents – Marshall, Morgan . and Scott, 12 Paternoster' Buildings, Chairman, International London, E. C. 1 shilling per COpy, Missionary Council. 10 shillings a year. *** MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- LISHING CO., INC. "My congratulations on the splen- BOARD OF DIRECTORS did issue of THE REVIEW on home ROBERT E. SPEER, President A. L. W~RNs;auIS, Vice-President missions." (June, 1939). W ALTIllR,.' McIlouGALL, Treasurer KENNETH S. LATOURETTE, DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary Professor of Missions and Or-iental History, Yale PAUL J ..; B.RAISTED· University.

S~UEL'MCCREACAVERT *** D.J. FA-NT""'" . "I have taken occasion to go through MRS. ORRIN ,R.' JUDD the latest issue of THE REVIEW and it wM.. B. LIPPHAllD has brought back to me what a very ERIC M. NORTH able and worth-while publication it SAMUEL M. ZWIilMER is; indeed it has appealed to me so Only 10 swift days direct to Yokohama when you sail by much that I am starting to subscribe Empress to the Orient. Only 3 more days to visit lovely Editorial (.hat over again. The only reason I dis- Hawaii en route by Empress oj continued my subscription was that I lapan, largest and fastest liner This July-August number includes on the Pacific, or Empress oj two summer months when many read- have so many magazines coming to Canada. From California ers are away from home and when ports connect at Honolulu. most local church activities are less. my desk that it is simply impossible The articles in this issue will be of Frequent sailings from both great interest and many are particu- even to scan them all, and in a Scotch Vancouver and Victoria to larly readable for summer mission Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, circles. spirit one day I decided .that I must Shanghai,HongKong,Manila. economize." ,. Consult YOUR OWN TRAVEL *** AGENT or Canadian Pacific: DR. GEORGE W. ARMS. 41 offices in U. S. and Canada. The Foreign Missions Conference at Swarthmore, Pa., (July 9-16) comes Bedford Presbyterian Church, too late to include a report in this number. It has been unusual in set- BrookLyn, N. Y. up, in interest and importance-fol" lowing the Madras Conference and Personal Item, planning to make the most effective use of the re~ults of that 'con:l;erence. (Concluded from 2d cover.) Dr. Milton T. Stauffer, former Education Secretary of the Student Vol- Dr. Wilbert W. White has resigned unteer Movement, and Dr. Herrick from the presidency of the Biblical B. Young, Personnel Secretary of the Seminary in New York, with the title presbyterian Board, are to report and Founder and Honorary President of evaluate this Foreign Missions Con- the Seminary. His brother, Dr. J. ference in the September number of . Campbell White, will act as president THE REVIEW. Look for this report. until a successor has been secured. *** *** Recent letters have contained the following comments on THE REVIEW Mr. James Stark, Mr. M. Hardman and its value: and Miss R. E. Oaskeshott are retir- ing after fifty years of service in the "After all is said and done, THE REVIEW seems indispensable, although China Inland Mission. I know of no otbers of this mission who subscribe for it. But I want it Mr. E. K. ** * a misand that's the reason for this check. I've been a patron for more than Higdon, formerly thirty years, with some time carelessly skipped." sionary in the Philippines under the REV. JOHN C. FINEFROCK, United Christian Missionary Society, United Lutheran Church Mis- has been elected to a foreign secre- sion, .Guntur, .India. taryship in that Society.

*** The Rev. * *R. * Associ- "THE REVIEW exists primarily to Jesse Wilson, further in every way the program of ate Scretary of the American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society connected with the Home Department, has been transferred from the Pacific Coast office at Los Angeles and is now in the same department in the main of- fice, New York. Dr. Wilson was for- merly a missionary in Japan and later the general secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement.

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"MOKSA" (DR. WM. N. BLAIR) REMOVING HIS SHOE COVERS ON LEAVING THE CHURCH. (THE MEN USE ONE

AND WOMEN THE OTHER) INTERIOR OF THE CHU)'tCH AND AUDIENCE-(TWO JAPANESE DETECTIVES IN THE CENTER FOREGROUND) GDiNG TO CHURCH IN KAICHUN, 'CHOSEN

NARY

REVIB ORLD AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS VOLUME LXII JULY-AUGUST,1939 NUMBERS 7 AND 8 Topies of the Times ARE FORCIBLE CONVERSIONS POSSIBLE? only by a long process of training after a conquest. The Soviet rulers of Russia are attempting to con- At times the objection is raised that Christian vert the people to atheism by force; they are not missions attempt to bring about the conversion of succeeding and can only succeed by a long procmen by bribery or force. It is possible by such ess of atheistic education. In Nazi Germany, means to change a man's vote but not his convic- propaganda, national ambition and false teaching, tions. are being used to overthrow faith in the supreme authority of God as revealed in Christ and the Many means are used to turn men from one Bible. There are multitudes of German Chrisfaith and loyalty to another-military force, tians whom these motives do not sway. money, threats, promises, falsehood and ambition. Mahatma Gandhi has tried, with some temporary How long will it take Japan, by the use of success, to force Indian people by his fasting to bombs, machine guns and terrorism to win the accept his program. His most recent self-im- friendship and cooperation of the Chinese? Only posed fast to convert Thakore Sahib of Rajkot, unworthy men succumb to unworthy motives. apparently gained his point; he now says that it resulted in his defeat. Gandhi's opponents were Intelligent Christians realize that men and not convinced and their purpose was not changed, women cannot be truly won to Christ by bribery, therefore they plan to destroy the effect of the fear or force. One might as well attempt to cause a child to be loving and obedient by continued decision in Gandhi's favor. spankings, by threats or by gifts of candy. Men The transmutation of metals, or the conversion are led to consider the claims and character of of one substance into another of apparently en- Christ by the offer of economic advantages such tirely different elements, was formerly considered as provided by the Grenfell Mission, by medical an idle dream. Today such marvellous changes service like that of Dr. Schweitzer's hospital in are conceded! to be in the realm of science. The Africa, or by such secular education as is offered changes wrought in human nature by the power of in many mission schools and colleges. These God are still more wonderful. This has been methods of work may affect their attitude but proved in countless instances, as in the conversion affect no real change of heart. Jesus Christ, when of Jerry McAuley, the "River Thief" of New York, on earth, won men by the revelation of His heart and of Africaner, the "Hottentot Terror" of of love, by the truth that He taught, and by the South Africa. light of Life that shone out through Him. His The transmutation of metals has not been ac- denunciations of selfishness and sin were for hypocomplished by a wizard's alchemy but by the crits; His invitations to come to Him were for knowledge of natural forces and by scientific proc- the hungry and thirsty; His service and sacrifice esses. The transformation of human beings from were for the needy and dying; His- revelation of the natural and beastly to the spiritual and God- God was for those who we:te ready to receive and like is a fact established to the satisfaction of all follow Him. who have seen such changes. This change cannot There is abundant testimony that today, on the be affected by force or by bribery. The Mohammedans have used force and fear to convert whole mission fields at home and abroad, the most efnations to Islam but their end has been achieved fective work in winning men to Christ is not by means of the denunciation of other religions, or [ 339 ]

by the preaching of "hell-fire"; or by the free The result was that Christianity seemed a "fordistribution of "loaves and fishes." Men and eign cult," not well adapted to the peoples to women of all ages and races are won through lov- whom the missionaries came with the universal ing service, by the proclamation of the Good News message of Christ. of forgiveness and life through Christ, and through the manifestation of sacrificial and under- At the recent Madras Conference, Miss Minnie standing love. Other and unworthy methods may Soga, a Bantu woman from South Africa, declared temporarily add to the number of adherents but that to her people Christianity, with its foreign do not change hearts or make loyal followers. clothes, European churches and ceremonies, for- The transmutation of material substances is eign words and unfamiliar songs, was distinctly wrought by understanding and applying the laws a "white man's" religion. Many thought that if of nature, which are the laws of God. "To as they adopted the white man's clothes and manmany as received him (Christ) gave He the ner of life they would no longer be "heathen." But right to be called (recognized as) the children of Africans did not feel at home in European sur- God-who were born, not of blood, nor of the roundings. When they worshiped in a church with will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of a native thatched roof, an unhewn stone for an God." altar or pulpit, and sitting on the ground; or when they worshipped under the trees with the ESSENTIALS IN MISSION WORK vaulted sky for a roof, then they felt at home.

A young doctor, who had recently been gradu- Christians from other lands pointed out the ated from a modern school of medicine and sur- same need for using native ideas and surroundings gery, was sent as a medical missionary to China to make the peoples of each land and race feel at and became a member of the staff of a large and home in their Christian life and worship. efficient hospital. One of the first things he did was to direct one of the Chinese orderlies to throw Many young missionaries today, going out to out a lot of tin pans and other ancient equipment foreign lands with all the enthusiasm of youth and so that they might be replaced by enamel ware with the equipment of the most modern education, and modern implements. Some of the older mem- are demanding better facilities and more money bers of the staff retrieved the discarded utensils. in order that they may give to the "under privi- leged" of those lands, "the best that America and In contrast to this young doctor's attitude are Europe have to offer"-medically, economically, the reports. of Dr. Gordon S. Seagrave of Burma socially, educationally and religiously. From some in his "Tales of a Waste Basket Surgeon." He quarters there is a constant call for more modern has achieved wonderful results ·by using instru- buildings, better equipment, more automobiles, ments and equipment discarded as out-of-date by fast motor boats, radios, airplanes, together with doctors in America. more highly technically trained teachers and spe- cialists. An article recently appeared in Asia, written by an American college man who went to India to On the other hand missionary history shows that investigate the effectiveness of American and some workers have made the mistake of attempt- British educational methods and ideals as applied ing to adopt native dress, food, and living condito the Hindus. From intelligent Indian graduates tions to which they were not born or adapted. of some of the modern institutions he learned that Some valuable and consecrated men and women many of the best trained Indians consider "West- have died prematurely, or have been invalided ern" ideals and methods to be unadapted to In- home, because of such mistakes. Others have redia's needs. ' Foreign colleges are too highly or- fused to use modern methods, inventions and ganized and regimented. They turn out largely equipment which might have added greatly to "white collar" clerks who find few openings for their efficiency. service in Indian society. The educated Indian critics believe that if the "ashram" method had What are the essentials, as distinguished from been followed, with capable teachers who would non-essentials, for effective Christian life and train students in practical ways for Indian life, service? Jesus Christ came to earth as a "foreign the results would have been far better. missionary." He adopted the Palestinian mode of dress and manner 'of life-so far as these were Other critics of Christian missions in Asia, wholesome; but Jesus was born into that life; He Africa and the Pacific Islands, point out many never refused to use the best that Judea and Galmistakes made by early missionaries who intro- ilee offered to make His ministry more efficient. duced European and American dress to replace native costumes-or the lack of them; setting Is it not clear that non-essentials in Christian foreign styles for church buildings, houses and an life and service include special kinds of clothalien manner of life copied from their home lands. ing, (little or much) ; particular architecture for houses or churches; a special language or music; a type of equipment, peculiar ceremonials in wor-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

ship; a particular form of organization and spe- on their knees to confess sin and pray for forcial educational methods-these are clearly non- giveness. Dr. Sung's meetings were crowded and essentials. God can use any of these that are many came forward to accept Christ. The "Witimpregnated with His spirit and are wholly sur- ness Bands" with two hundred men, women and rendered to His control. Personnel is vastly more youth, were busy speaking of Christ to outstations important than equipment. An efficient doctor or and neighbors. There is great rejoicing over the surgeon is one who knows his science and can spiritual fruitage of this work and over churches use his equipment efficiently; a successful teacher that have been awakened and strengthened. Biis one who knows his subject and how to present ble reading and prayer have increased as well as it effectively; a successful ambassador of Christ personal witnessing of Christ and His power. is one who knows and loves God as He is revealed lives have been set right; quarrels have been setin Christ and the Bible and who lives a Christ-life tled, debts have been paid, pastors have been set among men. on fire with new zeal for winning people to Christ. In one church some members of the congregation Es-sentials for the missionary, or for any Chris- stood up and said to the pastor : "You are not the tian life and service are therefore: first, life in man you were before the evangelist came-you Christ-a life that comes from God, is God-filled preach better sermons than formerly." The pasand God-directed. The second essential is the tor himself admits the great change. Whereas he purpose and power to lift up Christ as the Saviour, used to consult with the missionary concerning who lived and died for sinful men; who rose again, those cold and indifferent, now he weeps over them and is ever living in and with His people in every and prays for them. Sunday afternoon after he land. The third essential is ability to teach the has taught a Bible class, preached a children's Bible as the revealed Word of God; the Spirit of sermon to the Junior Church and a mess·age to the God can be trusted to interpret and adapt the adult members, he takes any who care to go with ideals and truth of God to meet the needs of each him to hold a street meeting. In the evening he race and clime and condition. It has often been takes his part in the special meeting of the "Witfound that the earnest native Christians of a com- ness Bands." munity are much more reliable guides in applying Christian truth to local problems than are the This new spirit in the Chinese Church was foreign missionaries-even those of holy charac- further strengthened during March, through the ter and long experience. visit of Wilson Wong, of the Christian and Mis- sionary Alliance, when the Christians feasted upon Do we not often make the mistake of clinging the Word of God, and at the evening meetings to old ideas and prejudices when new methods brought unsaved friends to hear the message. might be better or of thinking that modern untried More than forty took their stand for Christ durideas and equipment must necessarily replace the ing those evening sessions. old? The first essential is always life-spiritual life; the second is proper food-soul food found in God used both men and both methods to save God's revealed truth; the third essential for souls and inspire soul-winning service in the strength is exercise-loving spiritual service, using whatever equipment we have that will help hearts of the Chinese Christians.* produce abiding spiritual results. It would be well for every Christian to check up in order to Rev. Sook Pongsanoi, a Siamese pastor in discover how many lessons we have learned Trang, Siam, writes of his interesting experience through a period of years, that have helped to that changed him from a Bible-selling colporteur make us and our children more Christlike and more effective servants of God. into a soul-winning evangelist. He says: t NEW LIFE IN THE CHURCH IN SIAM "As a student in the Bangkok Christian Col- lege and later, when acting pastor of the Second As a result of God's blessing on the work of Church of Bangkok, I sold and distributed many John Sung, the Chinese evangelist, in Siam last Scripture portions and Testaments without makautumn, a new spirit has been manifested in the ing reports to the Bible Society. I went into many Chinese Church in Siam. The work was formerly homes and walked in and out of many lanes with carried on in three dialects and three denomina- the Scriptures, but did not feel any real need of tions; now unity and cooperation have taken the reporting on sales. place of division. There is also a new zeal in evangelism and new signs of Christian faith and life. "When I went to work for the Bible Society as People are saved; lives are quickened; the spirit a regular colporteur I had to report every month and power of Christ are manifest in hearts, homes and wanted to give a wonderful report to the head and churches. Entire congregations have fallen office.

"But I was nQt satisfied with the work I was do- ing, and was not happy in it. I sold more than • Facts quoted from Rev. A. G. Seigle of Slam.

t Reprint from the Forty-Eighth Annual Report of the Siam and Laos Agency of the American Bible Society.

any other colporteur in Bangkok, but I felt that ent situation assure us that religion-and particumy work was shallow. I was just selling the larly evangelical Christianity-is not dead in Rus- Book without giving purchasers any message con- sia. The expression of it may have changed and cerning the Saviour of the book. I knew that I been driven to cover, but the hunger of the huought to do something more than simply sell God's man heart for God has not been satisfied and the Book, but I went on day in and day out like a vital spark of men and women who have received machine. life from Christ has not been quenched.

"A year and a half ago I was called to become A Soviet Government census has recently shown pastor of the Trang Church, South Siam, and I (according to The Sentinel) that two-thirds of the accepted the call, but with the agreement that I 80,000,000 Russian people living in villages and should continue part time work as a colporteur. one-third of the 40,000,000 people living in larger My work had very little power, but there was a towns are stilI definitely believers in God, in spite growing desire for a clearer understanding of the of the twenty years of pressure and persecution Holy Word for myself so that I could pass it on to to suppress all' religious faith. others. The Soviet authorities have been disturbed by "When I heard that John Sung, a noted Chinese the revelations of the census and have sought to evangelist, was coming to Bangkok I determined suppress the facts. A German writer states that to go and hear him. Thank God, God opened my there are today 30,000 organized Christian groups eyes to see His wonderful love in a new way. A in the Soviet Republics, in addition to many secret powerful meaning of the Cross has come to me societies. Faith in God and a desire for some and I came to have a new attitude toward Bible relation to Him-even in the form of unenlightstudy. ened religion-will not die.

"I invited Dr. Sung to come to Trang and Many factors that have been supposed to support through him God has poured out a mighty bless- religious institutions-capitalism, private proping upon the people of this city. The Trang erty, wealth, and an independent clergy-have Church is now on fire for God and has been packed lost influence, but the roots of religion still rewith people every Sunday since Dr. Sung went main. The younger generation, declares the away. Every church member brings his Testa- Deutsche Landshau, that does not remember the ment to every service and we read the Scriptures regime of the Czars, is less prej udiced against together. Every Sunday I read a chapter from the religion. Many Russian congregations are said to Old Testament, and then the congregation reads a be made up largely of people under thirty years chapter of the New Testament with me. (I wish of age. Ministers are ordained secretly, have no all the people could have a complete Bible, but it definite parishes, and travel about unrecognized will be a long time before that can come true.) by the enemies of religion, but known to Believers. We are feeding on the Word of God as never be- Many of the clergy are artisans or small trades fore. and last Sunday sixteen women and five men people, and gather groups of Believers in unfrewere baptized and twenty baptized children pro- quented woods and ravines. Piety is nourished fessed their faith in Jesus Christ and all united in the hearts of the people who are encouraged to with the church; two back-sliders also came and memorize Scripture, songs and prayers. It takes confessed their sins. One of the old missionaries courage to join such groups, as was true in the said }i.e had never seen anything like that ingath- early days of Christianity, but persecution enering before. dured helps to strengthen rather than to weaken faith in God. The truth of Christ's promise is "Now I have an entirely new attitude toward proved today, as to the Church founded by Him Scripture distribution. At first I did not think and characterized by living faith in Him: "The it necessary to make any report to the American gates of hell shall not prevail against it." Bible Society; then I came to look on the report as the major part of my work; no'W I am seeking PROVERBS OF THE HILL FOLK OF INDIA to win souls through the careful and prayerful distribution of thi.<; Holy Book. I am not now A small stick hides the mountain from the eye. most interested in the ntlmber of Scriptures sold, One says, "What shall I eat?" Another says, but in the number of men and women and boys "What sauce shall I eat with my food?" and girls brought to accept Christ." Sparrows are the headmen of deserted villages. A potful of rice is judged by one grain. CHRISTIANITY NOT DEAD IN RUSSIA Men say that time passes. Time says that men pass. In spite of the continued atheistic propaganda A good man finds the world good. in Soviet Russia, as promoted by communistic officials, by means of ridicule, education, persecu- -The Indian Witness. tion and materialism, those familiar with the pres-

"MOKSA" PUTTING ON HIS SHOES, PREPARING TO LEAVE THE HOME OF A KOREAN PRESBYTERIAN

The "Moksa" Goes to the Country Adventures on a Week-end Journey in Chosen By SHANNON McCUNE, Clark University, Wor- * cester, Massachusetts He OME out to the country with me for the thankful ever since, for it gave me a chance to see week-end." It was my father-in-law, Dr. the country work of a missionary in Korea at William N. Blair of Pyengyang, who was first hand. It was not any special trip but the ordi- speaking. I had just returned from a two weeks nary, regular week-end trip of a foreign Moksa, reconnaisance trip through northern Korea and or itinerating missionary. confess that the prospect of starting out right away, even for a short trip, was not very inviting. Mother made ready the bedding for us; Edith, But after some hesitancy, I agreed, and have been my wife, finished the batch of fudge so that we could take some along. I loaded my camera, while • Sha nnon McCune, the son of Dr. and Mrs. George S. McCune, Father Blair put gasoline in the car and checked was born in Korea. He Is a graduate of Wooster CoIlege, Ohio the oil. The car needed careful going over for it (1935) , Syracuse University (1937) and did graduate work at Clark has been in constant service since it was bought on University (1937-38) where he is Willia m Libby Fellow in the furlough five years before. School of Geography. His father was formerly president of the Union Christian College, Pyengyang, Cbosen. His father-In-law, Dr. At three o'clock in the afternoon, on a Saturday William N. Blair, of Pyengya ng, has given most of his time to last November, we started off to the north-Ieavevangelistic work, la rgely in the country districts. The photographs used to Illustrate this article were taken by Shannon McCune on the journey described.-EDIToR.

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ing our wives at home in Pyengyang. The road presidency of the Union Christian College and was very familiar to Father Blair for he had been told stories of his evangelistic campaigns. There traveling it for almost four decades on foot, by was some reference to the Shrine question (which pony, in oxcart, and by almost every conveyance is such a serious problem in the Japanese Empire imaginable. We were going to the center of his today), but there was no discussion of it for the Korean leaders appreciate the position taken by the missionary body.

After a night's sleep we woke to a fine fall day with light cumulus clouds in the sky. The usual Korean breakfast of rice and soup are scarcely to the Occidental's liking, so Father pulled ou't his little alcohol lamp and proceeded to prepare a real American breakfast of bacon, eggs and coffee.

During the morning I had an opportunity to look around the elder's home, while Father was at Sunday school. It was typical of the better class Christian home and was heated by the regular Korean system of an ondol, the draft going' under the floor from the kitchen stove to the chimney on the other side of the house. The floors and 'walls were made of mud, well-packed on a corn-stalk frame. The outside walls were white with lime . and the inside walls and the floors were papered.

The roof was of slate, warmer, cleaner and longer- GOING ACROSS THE RIVER ON A FERRY lasting than the usual Korean thatch, though more expensive in initial cost. The elder had utilized beloved Anju district of which he has been the the hills back of his home-not for the usual grave sole missionary M oksa ever since he came to Korea sites-but for an apple orchard and the samples as a young man of twenty-five, fresh from semi- we had for breakfast were delicious. He had pre- nary, thirty-seven years ago.

It was not easy driving, for the roads, built pri- marily for army and other trucks, are continually obstructed by large jagged rocks. With rubber.

like gold in a war economy, our tires were Dr.

Blair's first concern. It was necessary to ferry :,lcross the Tatong River twice on small flat-boats just wide enough for the car. Everyone, from the farmer with the top-knot on his head to the J apa- nese gold prospector, offered advice. But Father has guided the car up over the two narrow planks on to many a ferry and so we crossed without much trouble in the growing dusk. We drove along the river for a number of miles and saw boats going down to Pyengyang piled high with firewood or earthen jars.

After a four-hour drive we came into Kae Chy- on where we were welcomed by the pastor of the local church and were taken to a Christian elder's home to stay. In a few minutes the car was un- loaded and soon we were warming our stocking feet on the warm Korean floor. After a bowl of CROSSING STREAM BY FOOT-BRID GJ<:: . DR. BLAIR (IN u-dong (soup) we talked with the pastor, the FRONT), BEHIND HIM A KOREAN DEACON. elders, and others of the church who dropped in to call. This was a valuable opportunity to renew pared a cellar to store the apples, under a shed old friendships with the Korean leaders. I met a where he kept his firewood and rice. In front of number of people who remembered my own father the house was a little garden for cabbages. These (Dr. George S. McCune) and were sorry to hear had been pulled up and stacked by the well to be of his retirement. They recalled his years in the used in making kimchi, or pickle. Tethered under

THE "MOKSA" GOES TO THE COUNTRY

the apple trees were two goats and across the the Church the platform was arranged to make little garden was the pig pen with a fat sow and room for a large sheet of paper which Father her grunting litter. Chickens were pecking Blair would use for his chalk-talk. The church around in the garden and the yard-doubtless filled rapidly, the women sitting on the floor to the missing their companion which was boiling in the right and the men on the left, so that by the time big kettle in the kitchen. The elder was naturally the service started there was not much room left. quite proud of his establishment, which made him Other similar Presbyterian services were taking remarkably self-sufficient. He told me of the help he had received from his subscription to The THE "MOKSA" AND KOREAN ELDER ENJOY SUNDAY DINNER Farmer's Life, a magazine founded by Father (In former days everyone had his individual table, Men still eat McCune and now edited by Mr. Lutz of Pyengyang. The house and little yard n their cleanliness apart from the women,) and convenient arrangement showed that the elder place all around the world, with only a few difhad received from the missionaries not only spirit- ferences. Here the congregation took a big part ual help but also an incentive to improve his ma- in whole-hearted singing and an elder gave the terial surroundings. Sabbath prayer. Everyone listened attentively to the sermon which the Moksa gave. Two Japa- At about twelve we had dinner, a little better nese detectives sitting in front of me took copious than usual in honor of the M oksa. It was a treat notes. (Korea is far from being a free country, for me to be able to sit on the floor and really make especially for a foreigner.) But the preacher my chopsticks click on the good things that the could have the satisfaction of knowing that his elder's wife had prepared. I had been wary of sermon spread beyond the two hundred people in Korean food in my travels around the country the church auditorium. but the clean kitchen was an evidence that I had no need to be afraid of contracting any disease As soon as the church service was ended Father here. With all my appetite, I couldn't hold a candle, Blair put on his shoes and went to the parked car. or should I say a chopstick, to Father Blair as he The canvas cover was taken off in a hurry and off polished off his bowl of chicken soup and heaping we started for a ten-mile ride to a little town to dish of rice. The side dishes of different kinds of the south-west of Kae-Chyon. Here we left the car, meat, fish, and eggs cut up in small pieces, were again shrouded in its canvas cover, and went on also very good but I reveled in the kimchi, the foot. It was a beautiful hour's walk through the pickle which is an essential part of every Korean Korean countryside on this fine autumn day. We meal. It is full of red pepper which burned the had to cross over streams on little foot bridges inside of my mouth, and had a tang, from having and had fine views of lone pine trees towering been in an earthen jar buried in the yard for over above little villages clustered under the brows of a year. The pepper· brought tears to my eyes, the hills. We fell in with a fellow traveler and not only because of its sharpness but because I soon struck up a conversation. When a nail came thought back on my seven long kimchi-less years through the heel of Father's shoe, they squatted in America. down together to fix it with a rock. This road, too, was very familiar to the Moksa and he enjoyed The bell at the church had been ringing all telling about the days when as a young man he morning at intervals for the different divisions of developed this territory. He pointed out the rocks the Sunday school but it pealed for a longer time for church at one o'clock. The elder, in typical Korean style, commented on the glad note it sounded this day because the Moksa was to preach. Rising from the floor and going out on the veranda where we put on our shoes we went off to church. It was the third successive building erected on this site during the last twenty years. Each one bigger than the last and now the congregation was making plans for a new addition. The building, with its tile roof and red brick walls, trimmed with white shutters and doors, made a pretty picture, especially to the Korean eye.

With my camera I took some shots of the men dressed in their white robes going in one door, women, with babies on their backs, going in the other; some "kids" stayed outside to play. Next door was the manse-a modern Korean home with' a tin roof and very clean in appearance. Inside

on which the pigeons used to roost and the hill- out, (or rather "pried" out), and once again the sides which formerly were thick with pheasant. rooms were packed, this time by the adults of the He sighed for: the days whe.n he had a gun and, village. Outside were others, who were too shy not being bound in by red tape, could bring home to come in, making a group of about eighty. Faa brace of ducks or perhaps a deer. The greatest ther spoke this time on some of the basic beliefs pleasure of the trip for him, however, was to talk of Christianity and what they meant in the way of with our companionaboutthe story of Jesus. Much a changed life. At the end of his talk he asked all of my Korean is forgotten but the simple story who wished to make a definite stand for such a change in their lives to raise their hands. Eight torwas beautiful to hear. It fell on "fertile ground," people raised their hands, some having been pre- the gentleman w~s deeply moved. pared for such a stand by the elder and the dea- "At about four o'clock we came into the little vil- con. They only needed the incentive of the Mokla.ge of Kul Chang Kori, or Rock Village Market- sa's coming to ~ake their stand definitely. Our pla.ce. The church had been started many years fellow traveler of the road came up at the close of ago' but had had its ups and downs. Father Blair the service and said that he wanted to change his had not been able to get into this isolated valley for life also, but wished to study more before he came over four years, so that his arrival was a real event to a decision. for the church and also for the village. The little church, situated on the edge of the village, had Shortly after the service we left the town to been repapered arid looked fresh 'and clean. Fa- walk back to the car. A number of the church ther walked around the village of a hundred people, in accordance with Korean custom, walked homes, talked with 11. group of threshers working to the top of the first pass with us. A full moon on the village threshing fioor, and invited them to had come up and the sight of the village, nestled come to the meeting,At night. He also called on on the 'edge of the hill with wisps of smoke spiralsome of the non-believers and interviewed some ling up from the evening fires, is a treasured young men who were interested. At :(lve we went memory. We said our goodbyes and walked tQ",the local elder's home, a typical two-roomed through the beautiful landscape in the crisp au- &untry house with the newly-threshed rice tumn air. We could not but think back on the stacked in bags under the eaves of the thatched eight who had decided definitely to seek a change roof. The cow was in the adjoining shed. Rude in their lives. We wondered if they would be able and poor as it was there was a spirit of welcome to stand fast amid the every day life of the village arid warmth that must have impressed the neigh- and in the strenuous times through which their bors among whom the elder and his wife lived. country was passing. Father commented on how There was no pastor in this village but the faith- typical was the reaction of our fellow traveler who, though sincerely moved, yet was so bound ful elder with a young deacon had kept the lit- by tradition and custom that he could not bring himself to a complete change of faith and life so tle church alive. quickly. There we had supper of chicken and rice and Soon we were back in the car driving to Kae kimchi, all specially prepared for the visitors. Chyon to spend the night in the elder's home. We Again, it was interesting to be introduced as a were up early in the morning in order to be back son of my father, Dr. McCune. It warmed my for an afternoon meeting in Pyengyang. We took heart to hear the old village headman, a non- a different route home and passed through another Christian, say, "The name of Yun Moksa is on section of Father's field with a church in every large town and groups in many of the villages. the hearts of all Koreans." He pointed out the church he had gone to the Sun- At six o'clock the little bell was rung for the day before and the church that he and Mother were to visit the next week. I was impressed by the children's service. The little church, with one fact that this trip we had taken, though extraor- room' about 12 feet by 2'4 and another room in the dinary to me, probably seemed just the usual rear reserved for the women about 8 by 12 feet, thing for him or for any of the evangelistic mis- Was soon jammed with children of all sizes and sionaries scattered throughout Korea. Even Fa- descriptions. There were about sixty, and all ther was sorry to have to rush back to Pyengyang clamoring to be up in the front. The young deacon so quickly but his city responsibilities called him. 'soon had them splitting their throats, singing He wished for time to visit others of his fifty or "Jesus ,Loves Me," while Father tacked some more country churches that have been passing drawing'paper on the wall. In a few minutes all through such difficult times and need the strength- were shouting the answers to his question in ap- ening and encouragement which a visit by the proved Korean fashion, as he told and illustrated Moksa would bring to them. the story of the lame man at the Beautiful Gate. Many of the older people had come and the rooms kept' getting more and more crowded. When the children's service was over, they were ushered

a Mission becomes a

By ALEXANDER H. KEMP, M. D., Angola, Africa Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church W HAT is the supreme purpose of Christian 600 church members; today there are over 5000. missions? Is it not to win people to Christ Then we scarcely dreamed of a self-supporting and to gather these disciples into churches native church; today we have 20 outstations which that will become self-supporting, self-extending, receive no subsidy from the mission. The mediand self-governing through the leadership and cal and educational work at Quessua now receive power of the Holy Spirit? In Angola, West Afri- a large amount of financial support from African ca, after fifty years of mission work many circum- sources. stances show that we should take a big step forward towards achieving the second part of our In the early days there was great rejoicing purpose. It is one thing to found a mission; it is when some of the first converts were deemed quite another thing to establish Christianity in a ready to be sent forth as evangelists and village foreign soil so that the Church will grow and de- pastors, and the missionaries were glad to provide velop and bear fruit. these men with houses and salaries from mission funds. The fact that a chief would allow Chris- The past half century of missionary work in tian work to be started in his village was consid- Angola has cost the Church at home not far from a ered a victory for the Kingdom of God. Realizing half million dollars. During the first twenty years that these first native workers were poorly prenearly thirty of the missionaries laid down their pared for their tasks, the missionaries directed lives on the field. The visible results are seen in their energies. towards the training of more effec- three mission stations, sixty native-manned sta- tive men. This meant mission schools. Every boy tions, five thousand church members and an equal who could qualify educationally, spiritually and number of adherents, and a hundred African morally, was assured of an appointment and a Christian workers-pastors, teachers or evange- salary from American funds. The supply of suitlists under appointment of the church leaders. able young men has never equaled the demand. One of our stations, Quiongua, which has had The desirability, as well as necessity, of instituting missionaries for fifty years has been closed be- a system of self-support for outstation work led cause of a shortage of workers, and there is only to an effort to have the older outstations assume one missionary couple at Luanda, the capital of responsibility for the support of their own pasthe colony. This couple cares for a school with tors. About 20 outstations are now doing this. 250 pupils, a church with an average Sunday afternoon congregation of 1200, and 20 outstations Today the situation in Angola is markedly difin the district. At Malange, 270 miles inland at ferent. Decreasing income from America has the railhead, there is one missionary doing pas- made it impossible to continue the present force toral work and translating. At Quessua, 8 miles of native workers on a salary basis, and an infrom Malange, is situated a central training insti- creasing number will each year be ready to enter tute with a school of 200 boys, a Bible School of the Lord's work. At the same time there are 15 pupils, besides industrial, agricultural and med- several large areas in which, until now, a Chrisical work, directed by a single woman missionary tian worker would not have been accepted, but and one married couple. One male missionary from which requests are now coming. In the superintends the Malange District with its 40 out- Malange District there is a large force of native stations, and four women missionaries conduct workers to whom customary salaries cannot be a school with 250 girls. paid from mission funds; there are opportunities to open new work in unevangelized areas, and When the writer arrived in Luanda in 1923 the there is a constantly increasing number of new re- Methodist Episcopal Board had three times as cruits available from the Mission Institute. many missionaries in Angola as now, and more than double the present annual work budget was A call was issued for a conference and seventy provided from American funds. Then we had a African workers were present. After reviewing score of native workers; today we have a hundred the work of the mission during its first half-cenmuch better trained workers. Then we had some tury, I took the men into complete confidence and laid before them a summary of the receipts, dis- [347 ]

bursements and balances of the district funds for Two vital attainments to be achieved in transeach of the past five years. Summing up the sal- forming a mission into a native church lie in aries of several classes of workers I showed that workers' willingness to receive their remuneration it would take 4,000 angolares ($80.00) per month from the people rather than from the mission. to pay all of them, whereas we had on hand enough The village churches must also be ready to proto pay 25% of this from American funds. The vide their workers with remuneration commensuother 75% would have to come from local church- rate with the service rendered. es, from other remunerative labor, or from their gardens. Each quarter less money would come One fundamental question which must be defrom America for them, so that the time seemed cided concern the form which the ministry is to to have come when the native church must as- take. Is it to be a strictly professional ministry sume a much greater share of the responsibility in which the pastor spends all of his time in Chrisfor the support of its own ministry. tian work and receives his entire support from his people, or is it to be a ministry in which the Is Foreign Money Inexhaustible? pastor, trained at the mission, earns all of his sustenance from his gardens or from a trade, For many years our native workers seem to donating his ministerial labors to the village? have had the impression that there was an inex- Shall the ministry be supported in part by the peohaustible supply of American money in the mis- ple and in part from the pastors' own labors? The sion, and that the share each received depended latter seems to be the only feasible plan for the upon the plea he put up to secure it. To help present, at least, and will probably be the final them realize that every angolare I paid out for solution. An understanding of native customs such general expenses as the conference in which is necessary in determining the question. we were sitting, must be deducted from the amount available for salaries, I deducted the The African Ministry travel expenses of men, the cost of rations during the conference, the cost of sending a boy 150 miles In many instances native pastors spend little into the interior to advise the men of the confer- more time in their routine church work than their ence, and other expenses. Thus many of them for people spend listening to them. The African is a the first time came to the realization that there natural orator, such as no other race claims to be, actually was a limit to mission funds. I endeavored so that he requires less preparation for public to make them see that I was doing my utmost to discourses than one would estimate. Even the best secure for them an adequate subsistence, but I of our African preachers have very few books, or told them that in my judgment there would have other literature; a Bible, hymnal and Sunday to be developed a local rather than foreign source school quarterly being the extent of many a pasfor this subsistence. The word "salary" was re- tor's library. They do little pastoral work, such as placed by the word "assistance." From now on is done in America, but they spend many a day they must consider themselves as supported by listening to disputes, settling differences, and givtheir respective churches rather than by the mis- ing judgment on questions., being in reality an sion, and that if they proved themselves faithful unofficial justice of the peace. A teacher must and loving servants, they would be sufficiently sup- spend about three hours daily in the classroom plied with this world's goods to enable them to and practically every native worker should spend continue to break the Bread of Life to their peo- half of his time in his gardens, as do most of ple. his parishioners. As in all African families, the wife spends from sunrise until one o'clock in her Late in the afternoon, after having been given garden. Even when the man of the home is upon their "assistance," the workers left to return to a salary basis, cash never goes for common foods, their stations, determined to preach the Gospel but is used for taxes, clothes, and trinkets. Even to the utmost of their ability, regardless of the re- a new house costs nothing for floors, walls or roofmuneration they might receive from the mission. ing, all being obtained locally free of cost, the win- dows and doors, table and bed and chairs being We have now agreed that all villages near Mal- the only things requiring a monetary outlay. Land ange that request a worker must provide a house, is free, and if the worker has been taught a trade church, gardens, and some cash salary before the at the mission, he can usually earn some money by worker is sent. For villages among unevangelized simple carpentry, sandals, tailoring, and making peoples, it will be necessary for the mission to forged articles. provide for a small salary for the worker for the first two years, or until the worker's garden be- To get a native worker to accept his remuneragins to produce. This plan must be carefully safe- tion from his church instead of from the mission guarded, however, both the worker and his peo- presents many difficulties-and many opportuniple being made to realize that financial assistance ties. Every boy who passes the government exfrom the mission is very temporary. amination expects a "white-collar job," just as

WHEN A MISSION BECOMES A CHURCH

his wife who had been trained in the girls' school rial returns alone, the finest investment any village here expects to be excused from field work. Un- here could possibly make lies in providing for the til now these expectations have been largely real- Christian message in their midst. Africans are ized, made possible by the salaries paid by the mis- poor in this worlds goods, far too poor in fact to sion. Incidently, one-half of the problem of a continue their present expensive beliefs and reself-supporting church is the wife of the worker. ligious customs. Heathen in their hunger bow It is not reasonable to expect villages to support down to wood and stone-seeking an explanation their Christian leader as liberally as he has been for their experience, a search which every human supported by the mission. A native worker must heart has made in vain, until Christ has been partake liberally of the humility of our Master to found. When He has been found and His freedom make him willing to accept support from his local entered into, then our people will be able to secure church organization, and be responsible to that material as well as s.piritual rewards. church for the faithfulness and lovableness of his ministrations. The present situation makes it imperative that we take a big step forward toward establishing a What Can the People Pay? self-supporting Christian church here. Workers present at our recent conference accepted their On the other side, the village churches, after reduced income from the mission in a spirit that having considered for many years that they were warmed our hearts, especially when we saw how doing the mission a favor in allowing a Christian determined they were to continue preaching the worker in their midst, must be trained to make a Gospel for the salvation of their own people. One fair remuneration for the ministrations they re- worker, who had been unable to attend the con· ceive; and they must be convinced that the min- ference, later wrote that he would continue his ministry even though he never received any reistrations are worth the cost. In old days a man muneration from either the mission or from his own people. Our instructors at Quessua, both would pay an ox to be taught to sign his name, or those in the classrooms and those in the shops, several oxen to have his son taught to read and showed an excellent spirit in accepting lower pay. write. The mission has been giving an incompa- Rather apprehensive of my cobbler's attitude, I rably better education to the boys in our schools, called him into my office to appeal to him to coneven providing the boys with food, clothing, secrate himself as the others had done. When I shelter and school supplies. It has been not too asked his attitude towards the new wage-scale, he difficult to bring our people to the place where drew himself erect and answered, in typical Afrithey pay more liberally for medical treatments, can style: "Have you not given me five boys who and for the educational opportunities provided for passed the government examinations last January, their sons and daughters, than we would have be- for me to train in my art of cobbling? Will not lieved to be possible a few years ago. It is now these boys go out to preach the Gospel in places our task to bring villages to where they will re- where I cannot go, to preach it as I cannot since munerate their Christian workers adequately for I am an uneducated man? Has not God called me the benefits received. About twenty villages. have to help them to the best of my ability to be able been brought to this stage, though the present sit- to earn their sustenance as they preach the Gosuation leaves much to be desired. pel, when the mission cannot pay them? I want to continue teaching these boys, even if I receive An old missionary once told me that we should less pay." With a spirit of consecration and devonever expect our people out of their poverty to tion like this among our workers, we take courage support Christian workers. If this were so, our and press on, feeling confident that God will outlook would be hopeless for progress would be abundantly bless our labors. held down in direct ratio to the amount of American money expended. An Evidence of Success In this way we could never hope to attain the In transforming our mission into a native supreme purpose of mission work. But I have no Christian church, we will be called upon to solve doubt about the ability of the people to support many perplexing problems, to straighten out their Christian ministry, even though the cost be many difficult situations, to exercise many years without material return to them. When converts of patience, tact, foresight, and love. We realize become true disciples of our Lord, and come into that there may be at stake the results of fifty years that freedom which is found alone in Him, they of missionary labor which has cost so much in no longer are bound by their prohibitive taboos lives and money. If we fail, then we shall know and superstitions, and no longer pay so dearly for that the expenditure of a half million dollars and their useless fetishes and amulets; they will no the sacrifice of thirty lives has not yet succeeded longer submit to such death-dealing practices as in establishing here a Christian church that can the sas,s-wood test administered by their witchdoctors. Considered from the standpoint of mate-

be trusted to perpetuate the Christian message tude, so that we may train our converts gladly to through its own efforts in the power of the Holy support the bearers of the Christian message. We Spirit. During the future months we may be can no longer "call" workers from among the called upon to undergo many disappointments in school boys, providing them with work which will seeing our workers and stations and followers enable them to live in relative luxury and ease. diminish in numbers, when they realize that funds We shall have to revive the Master's appeal for from America will no longer be sufficient to main- our boys to take up the cross and follow Him, be tain them as heretofore. But we are confident of the -sacrifices what they may. From many angles, ultimate success in founding a Christian Church it appears to us that the present situation has been which shall endure. How could we be otherwise brought about through the wisdom and love of when we are under a divine leadership, when our God; we feel that the present step we are now native workers, upon whom in final analysis rests compelled to take will be wonderfully blessed by so much of the responsibility for success, are so Him, and will result in great increases in the determined and consecrated and confident that the number of true disciples, and in the appearance work must go on? of a rapidly emerging native Christian Church, which shall be self-supporting, self-propagating Our planning for the future of the work and self-governing. throughout the land must take on a different atti- The Perpetual Value of Foreign Missions By the REV. DWIGHT M. DONALDSON, Meshed, Iran I T IS inspiring to spend a morning roaming third man, Dr. Newton Donaldson, was prevented about Westminster Abbey, London, pausing from going to Persia as he had planned, but he before the tombs of famous men, but there i,s and his wife were always enthusiastic in their something still more intimately uplifting for some missionary interest in the pastorate at home. As of us about going into the prayer-meeting rooms their son I have the privilege of working in Persia. of churches where successive generations have His sister, Elma Donaldson, went to India, where worshipped, and to see the pictures of godly pas- she served at Dehra Dunn with devotion until she tors who have spent their lives proclaiming the was seventy years of age. A daughter, Mary Don- Gospel. aldson, went to China in 192'4.

The late Dr. George Alexander, of New York, Thus a real interest in foreign missions will ingave forty-six years of deeply spiritual service on spire succes,sive generations to take part in the the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian permanent business of promoting the cause of Church. Seven of his classmates at Princeton Christ in all lands. Seminary went to the foreign field, and all died in service. Life is no more static in foreign countries than it is at home. It might be asked facetiously, "Why Over fifty years ago, as a young man returning should the land of the Pilgrim fathers, the land of from India on his first furlough, Dr. J. J. Lucas the Scotch Covenanters, the land of the Quakers, had talks with three students in Western Theo- still require the expenditure of millions of dollars logical Seminary in Pittsburgh. He won their annually in national missions?" Others might inrespect and confidence and was able to help them quire, "Why should the country with the greatest reach a decision in their most important life prob- system of public schools and State universities in lem. At that time all three of these men decided the world need money from a Church Board of to become foreign missionaries. One of them, Education ?" The answer to both of these ques- Dr. A. C. Good, went to West Africa, where he tions lies in the present-day problems in the died after twelve years of vigorous missionary United States. If anyone suggests that economy adventure, and where he has been followed by his in church expenditures could be effected by reson, Dr. Albert I. Good, of Elat. The second man, garding the foreign missionary enterprise as a Dr. John Eaken, went to Siam and carried heavy temporary phase of Christian activity, we should responsibility, with sustained evangelistic zeal, realize that the momentous changes that have for more than forty years. His sons, Paul and taken place in foreign lands make an insistent and John Eaken, and his daughter, Ruth Eaken, are imperative demand upon Christian people. giving life service to the Gospel in Siam. The Where illiteracy and superstition and idolatry

THE. NEED FOR. A LIVING FAITH

have given way before the enlightenment of claimed and the reality of the divine Spirit must Christian education, with its churches, schools and be shown in human lives. hospitals, there are new assets for righteousness in the world. Some of the second and third gen- The spirit of nationalism must yield to the eration Christians fill chairs in colleges or work spirit of Christ. As national churches arise, it is as pastors or editors or evangelists. Missionaries the fact that they are Christian and not merely may no longer be needed to fill these P.ositions national that enables them to be admitted at once abroad but the work of the Gospel must still be to the great international Church of Christ. The carried on by other methods in other places. saying, "Let every nation determine its own re- ligion," is utterly inconsistent with the whole Modern civilization has displaced much ancient tenor of the Gospel. Christians are soOns of n.o error and superstition, but there has c.ome ma- national god, and they have been redeemed by terialism and a more obstinate heathenism of in- no national saviour. The w.orld-wide clash bedifference to spiritual things. Educated Chinese tween capitalism and communism knows no naand Japanese, and Hindus and Moslems, are find- tional boundaries. The auth.ority of Jesus Christ ing that for them the alternative is not between must be recognized as universal. The Christian one religion and another but between Christ and Gospel is of permanent and universal value, and atheism. In Iran Islam is losing its hold on edu- at this time when thoughtful students throughout cated men. Nevertheless the fad remains that the world realize that crass materialism has made Christianity is only beginning to be understood. its sensational denials in vain, the message is espe- Great walls of prejudice and misapprehension cially pertinent. Ambassad.ors of Christ preach have fallen down and there are eyes to see and not a mission of temporary philanthropy, but the ears to hear as there have never been before. universal offer of salvation through Christ and For this very reason the Gospel must still be pro- the everlasting Kingdom of God.

The Need for a Living Faith* By REV. J. W. BURTON, Sydney, Australia Secretary of the Australian Methodist Missionary Society O PTIMISM, we are told, is a great asset for with many luxuries-and many horrors. It has missi.ons. If you want people to contribute given us aeroplanes-and baby-killing bombers; to missions, serve up the bright side .of it has created marvels in chemistry-and pois.on things, tell them .of the "glorious Gospel tri- gas; it has built for us swift motor cars-and umphs," and put the soft pedal on failures and military tanks; it has given us wireless-and nadisappointments. If the income drops, do not tionalistic propaganda; it has lengthened the span advertise that; but if the truth leaks out, then .of human life-and taught us h.oW to cut off the explain the shrinkage as, plausibly as possible. stream of life, so that by birth-control a race may The wand, however, is obviously losing some of be more quickly exterminated than by disease. its magic, and thoughtful people are incon- Let the optimist sound his ram's horn and see if veniently asking for naked facts. these walls will fall down.

Our Lord was not the facile optimist some What chance has spiritual religion in this W.orld would like to paint Him. He s,aw the true condi- of nationalism, materialism, and militarism? tion .of the world in His day. He came .of the line What has the Church, representing Christ, to say of prophets who did not speak comfortable things. The story .of the sower suggests that of the four to economic manslaughter and race suicide? Ruskinds of soil, only one yielded satisfactory results; sia has thrown out the Church, asserting that it the illustration of the tares indicates tpat we must prevents social progress; Germany has banned it not expect a hundred per cent harvest; while the because it demands a loyalty other than to the descripti.on of the net full .of fish shows that there State; Mexico and Spain have challenged it beis wastage. That aspect of our Lord's teaching cause it keeps down the people; many other counhas not had due consideration. tries have done even worse-they have ignored it. According to the totalitarian conception the State We once th.ought that science would lay down a and its interests must be supreme. "Battle pracstraight road for the millennium; but we have tice" is considered more important than the quiet been tragically disillusioned. It has provided us w.orship of God; to learn artistically to thrust a bay.onet in human flesh is of more value to the • Condensed from The Missionary Review, Australia.

State than is· education or slum clearance; the others with the life and death of our Lord. It is profits of a lottery are worth more to the State's by a new spirit of unselfishness. and by a real ap- coffers than the honesty of its citizens; and party plication of the Cross- (not as a theological doc- funds and vested interests come before social re- trine, but as a stern spirit) to aU human life- form and human welfare. whether individual, social, national or interna- No wonder gloomy prophets can find a hearing tional-that we can bring back faith.

when they are so glibly announcing the end of the It is faith we need-faith in the eternal God world; the fear of many is that their prophecies who has revealed the quality of His life and the may not be fulfilled. trend of His will in our Lord Jesus Christ. This Does all this mean that faith – the power to has implications. for the whole Church, and spe- apprehend and appreciate the spiritual-is in de- cial implication for missions.

cline? Spiritual values are simply irrelevant in We must make our appeal more and more spir- this world of brute force and organized hatred. itual. There must be an awakening of the The Christian religion is increasingly suspect be- Church's conscience, far too dormant today, in cause it preaches a Gospel of goodwill. Missions regard to our duty to the wider world. Members in some countries have become a danger to state- of Christ's Church have definitely 'pledged them- craft, for they have proclaimed a world brother- selves in loyalty to Him and they must be aroused hood and have protested against national and ra- to its implications. Let us first face the problem cial discriminations. This narrow conception of of the adult member, who seemingly has little the supremacy of the State-whether in times of interest in winning the world for Ghrist. The peace or war-is entirely incompatible with the missionary meeting has almost vanished as an faith that Jesus is her only Lord. Though we effective method of presenting the "claims of mis- shall suffer, and may be persecuted unto death, sions." Many other interests have sprung up in we must be loyal above all else to Christ and His the last hundred years, and no one in any other eternal love and sacrifice. realm trusts to a public meeting to carry a mes- The new paganism affects our Christian work sage. Our methods of appeal need drastic re- at home and lowers the enthusiasm and passion vision. We place too much emphasis upon results for world evangelization. Depleted voluntary giv- in money. The blunt truth is that most of us are ing is only one incidence of spiritual regression. giving beyond our spiritual interest: it is the What are we to do? Play the ostrich and ignore quickening of spirit that is our deepest need.

danger? Repeat piously "God's in His heaven, That assured, the money will come naturally and all's right with the world?" Quote heartening spontaneously-as. it always should.

texts that have no real application to the situa- We may be obliged to start humbly-in little tion? Attempt to bluff people by weak smiles and groups of three or four-meeting together to talk sugary optimism? Or shall we give up the strug- and pray over the Kingdom of God throughout gle and make ourselves believe that we are in the the world, informing our minds by the study of grip of uncontrollable world forces, and with a material dealing with the concrete needs of the stoic fatalism let the heavens, fall when they will? world, and encouraging one another in this world Or shall we pursue a crackle-of-thorns-under- fellowship. There is no need to wait for some the-pot policy, and attempt to attract people by organization to start such a group. You can call entertainment; devise tempting schemes and a few of your friends together in your own home catchy slogans to lure people to the support of for prayer and missionary study. One of the the missionary cause? dangers O'f our religious enterprises is this super- In our hearts we know that all these things are structure of organization. It takes so much of futile. We must go deep. the coal we carry to stoke the engines. The min- We must realize that the whole trouble is spir- ister is often a busy man with a hundred and one itual. It is the human spirit to which we must thi'llgs to attend to, it is scarcely fair to make him address ourselves, for we are perfectly sure of responsible for forming and carrying on a group, the Spirit of God. His Will is that the world though it would be well to consult him before should be saved, but it is man's self-will that pre- starting one. Groups can start with the infor- vents world salvation. It is a birth from above mation contained in the Missionary Review. There that is needed – a regeneration of the human are also many books dealing with world missions.

spirit. We shall not win by compromising with We have surely enough missionary-minded people the world, by adorning our appeal with confec- in our churches to commence a little group in tionery; we shall win only as we succeed in chal- every church. Live cells live by division, and lenging our own selfishness and the selfishness. of more life comes into being.

Youth of the Church

By H. S. RANDOLPH Secretary of the Unit of Rural Church Work, Board of National Missions, Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A.

I N THE early history of the American nation assurance to owning and cultivating land as did our rural youth knew no frontier limits. There his forebears. Consequently farm life has lost was land-good land, new land—everywhere, much of its charm for youth. Poor land holds out two billion acres of it ; nearly a billion acres were little challenge, and there is not much greater covered with virgin forest and challenge to a young man to over a half-billion acres with spend his life toiling even on luxurious grass. The nation pos- good land that he cannot afford sessed resources that seemed to to own.

be inexhaustible. This situation Today a rural youth sees that gave birth to 'It youth fired with what his father had been able to profound spiritual qualities of earn in a year is wholly insuffi- confidence, hope, ambition, aspir- cient to pay the taxes and the ation, determination, pride and interest and principal payments self-respect, qualities w h i c h o n the farm mortgage. He has closely paralleled the ideals for seen the farm sold on the block personal attainment in the to a foreigner while his father Christian Church. Therefore ru- has become a tenant, and may ral youth found an opportunity even lose his place as a tenant.

to express its finer qualities Such experiences have forced through the church. In fact the many rural youth to give up church was the only institution their dreams of owning a farm, in which the entire community or of owning anything else; could adequately express the so- dreams of school and college cial, educational, spiritual and have vanished; books and travel other important aspects of its are too expensive to consider; life. the old family car and the house- Today, after more than 300 told furnishings are rapidly years of American history, there wearing out, and cannot be re- is no frontier in the nation placed for there is no money which promi£es inexhaustible available.

wealth. Those old frontiers have This decline in rural resources been exploited, and ours is no and wealth, and the breaking of longer spoken of as "the richest rural morale, have been sorely and most favored continent on felt by the rural church. Lack the face of the earth." In less of clothing suitable for Sunday than 300 years the frontier has has kept many a rural lad and disappeared and rural youth lassie away from Sunday school now races a national problem and church. Perhaps the old presented by a shortage of eco- car won't run, and it is too far nomically productive land. Much A MOU~TAIN BOY LEAVING HOME to walle As a result there is no of the nation's soil is now de- church going. In many instances pleted or suffers from want of the rural economic condition has insufficient moisture. Rural youth faces the prob- made the church pastorless because the community lem of inability to work highly productive land, could not support even a part-time minister. Mis- for such land is too high-priced to be owned sion Boards either did not see the need or did not wholly by the individual farmer. Therefore mo- have available funds to meet it. In the course of dern youth cannot look forward with any great time the rural church closed its doors and be- [ 353 ]

came a ghost in the community-broken windows, either directly or indirectly for youth, the probpaint gone; weeds and briars grown up-all make lems of rural youth are far from being solved. an unsightly landscape. All this brings home to rural youth a sense of the insecurity of the coun- Many look to rural schools for the solution of tryside, leaving in its wake broken confidence, youth problems. Our schools do much to develop torn aspirations, blasted hopes, stunted determi- courage in the life processes of youth. New honation, bleeding pride, and lost self-respect. rizons are seen; new knowledge and skills are acquired. But here we must be disillusioned, for ThElre are twenty-one million youth in America; the rural school training· too often has had only and of these ten million are rural. They live on indirect relation to future work and therefore fails the farms or in country villages; many live in miserably to prepare youth to enter adult vocalittle unsanitary cabins on eroded and depleted tional life. However, we must recognize the trefarms, or on cut-over timber lands. Others live mendous impact which our schools make in the life in stranded villages in improvised houses going of youth. to rack and ruin. In the disadvantaged open country and in rural towns the young people are As a result of present day educational apoften under-nourished so that they fall easy vic- proaches rural youth, as never before, is questiontims to disease. They are unemployed and des- ing things as they have been and are. Old verities perate. lose their moral force in the presence of the logic of today's youth. They are learning how to dis- In many areas there are prosperous farms and cover new truths, how to create new patterns of vigorous, well-eared-for young people who move social and moral behavior. This situation renon in the realm of noble dreams; but these do not ders the approach of adults to youth problems far represent our rural mission problem today. Out more difficult than that of an earlier day. In a in the marginal disadvantaged areas throughout recent state-wide church group of rural youth this all rural America, forces are sensitive and opera- significant resolution was passed: "Our adults tive, endeavoring to bring back to disadvantaged have more problems of their own than they can rural youth the more abundant opportunities in solve. It is therefore highly necessary that we life. Perhaps it is not too late to recapture and go about to solve our own problems." conserve the finer achievements of American rurallife down through the centuries, and to rebuild The church probably has more rural youth in rural youth by making available the resources by its membership than in any other rural institution which the profounder depths of personality are or organization. Are we helping them to discover developed and maintained. themselves, their spiritual abilities and powers in the church and community? Have we been too The Federal Government is making a contribu- much interested in organizations in the church tion through certain emergency measures, such as for youth rather than in youth itself? We have the National Youth Administration, whereby it preached a great deal at youth, and we have creaids many rural youth to attend school. It has ated a great many things for them with the hope provided special courses in agricultural colleges of building up their faith and loyalty to the for farm boys and girls; it conducts work projects church, but too often our church organizations, for thousands of rural youth, as well as educa- our doctrines, our creeds, and our preachments tional guidance and job placement. More than have not been open doors of behavior patterns on 900,000 rural youth from low income relief fam- the level of youth's interests. ilies have been aided through the Civilian Conservation Corps. The Work Progress Administra- Youth in the country would like to see in their tion has reached a considerable number of rural churches and in the religious life of their people, youth through education projects, work projects, beauty and order together with a vital program and by provision for recreational activities. Other of action. They want responsibility for doing governmental agencies have aided rural youth things of great moment. They want a recreamore or less indirectly. tional program that embodies the development of skills and ability, as well as amusement. They Rural youth has also been greatly affected by want to experience a cooperative way of life for certain non-government agencies working in ru- the community. They want a spiritual program ral areas, such as the 4-H Clubs, Future Farmers which ties them to God through the church. They of America, Farm Bureau, Farmers Educational are asking for a voice in the midst of a faulty eduand Cooperative Union, and the National Grange. cation and in the breakdown of economic order These have developed to a very considerable ex- and unemployment. They are asking to be heard tent in rural areas. In addition there are many in a world of prejudices where there is a denial of localized projects throughout the country. It is opportunities-poverty, wars, and rumors of generally admitted that even with all these gov- wars. Youth calls for a prophet to lead them. ernment and non-government agencies, at work They are very eager to know about true religion.

RURAL YOUTH OF THE CHURCH TODAY

They want to see the church tie up vitally with the situation from it religious point of view was well rest of their life, with their school program, their expressed by one of the men of the community in dubs,societies, and their vocational interests. these terse words: "Our young people were going Back in an isolated cove of the Southern Moun- to Hell." On the one hand the fine, well-equipped, tains, where youth is supposed to be retarded and well-organized consolidated school was doing a bashful, the energies of a group of boys and girls, suc'cessful job for its youth; on the other hand who knew only how to "raise HeU" all up and there were four poor churches with divided inter- down the creek, drinking and cursing, were so ests, doing a very poor job for the same group of redirected under the leadership of a wise, pro- youth; this led the people of the community to do phetic laymen, that in the period of two years some serious thinking which ultimately led them they were quite capable of doing to unite their churches to form things that made them and oth- one large positive force. They ers happy. called a strong minister as their They took an old school house resident leader, and now have a and remodeled it to make a beau- church which the youth can look tiful rural church. After the upon with pride and say, "Our building was completed and church is just as fine as our cenpainted they landscaped it with tralized school. Our minister is native plants and trees. Later just as good as the principal of they built a recreational building our school. He is interested in all in the midst of a rhododendron the things we do and his friendly thicket .beside a swiftly flowing counsel helps us to do them betmountain stream. The hoys and ter."

girls worked together on these This new united church is projects during their spare time. crowded with young people.

Now they are singing the folk They are doing things in that songs and playing the folk games church which are just as cre- of the Southern Mountains and ative as those which they do of other countries. Near the through their 4-H Club work.

recreational building is an out- They have their Young People's door rendezvous. Needless to meetings, their club, recreation- say, all the young people of that al groups, and many special pro- community are actively enthusi- grams which they carry through.

astic. They are conscious that A wise lay leader found himthey have played a large creative self a few years ago in the open part in the reconstruction of the country in a beautiful valley of spiritual and social life of their about thirty square miles in area community. There is no diffi- where there were a number of culty here about the young peo- country churches and hundreds ple attending church or Sunday of young people. The ministers school or any other activity for were all bewailing the lack of the good of the community, for religious interest on the part of they have helped to create it, it the youth. They took every opis theirs. They are proud of it. portunity to tell them of their About eighteen years ago a sins, but had little to offer as rural community experienced substitutes except what to the the birth of a new consolidated RURAL YOUTH TODAY AT SCHOOL youth were vague abstract ideas.

public school made possible by The young people of the valley improved roads through the country districts and were called together one Sunday night for an open a growing cooperative spirit among the people. forum. Here they discussed their needs. That All the children of the community were brought very night an organization of the young people of to this fine school, which had a beautiful building, the valley was formed to meet monthly for var- good equipment, and excellent teachers. ious purposes. They met for social and recrea- In that same rural community ' were four tional activities; they met to sing; they spon- churches, all with poor buildings, no resident min- sored the Sunrise Easter Service of the commu- ister, church membership weak and becoming nity; they later created a Young People's Council weaker, Sunday schools gradually dying, no of the churches. Through this Youth Council de- young people's organizations. The young people's nominatioi1al harries were broken down through-

out the valley and a cooperative church spirit was effectively restored and saved to the nation their born that could never have existed had not the confidence, hope, ambition, aspiration, determina- youth been organized in this creative fashion. tion, pride and self-respect must be reconstructed.

Here the young people developed a new spiritual This is the task of the rural church, for there is life for themselves and also for their community, no other institution that can undertake and carry all of which has been reflected in the life of the through such a momentous responsibility. There churches of the area. is no other institution known to rural life that is Give rural young people a chance to use their so well fitted with philosophy, idealism and methcreative genius in the church under wise Chris- od to provide the needed sympathy and prophetic tian leadership and we need not fear them or fear direction to complete rural living by disadvanfor them. They know well the significance of taged youth of the soil as is the Christian Church. creative work. They bring out of a setting of The holy work of the rural church is to build out eggs a flock of chickens; out of a pig they develop of these hopeless, spiritless lives which poverty a hog; they grow a cow out of a calf. Out of has strewn over this fair land of ours, youthful grains of wheat, corn, or cotton they produce a lives strong and true.

worthy harvest. God's creative way of living is Herein is a challenge to our Christian churches an integral part of the life of rural youth. As for unity of purpose and method of work, such as rural church leaders we must translate this vital never has come from the good earth of America, power of youth into the spiritual world and teach to provide a good church without competition in them how to live creatively in the Kingdom of every American rural community, with a well- God. • trained and efficient ministry, and an ongoing Rural youth has a big job in any community, a program attuned to the problems, needs and activ- job that will challenge ities of rural youth, their creative zeal, a job thus creating a new that should build them Christian rural life.

into integral parts of the church life. What MOUNTAIN CHIL- is needed to reach such DREN READ THEIR a goal is a wise leader TESTAMENTS to help youth discover The Bible Institute its spiritual job in the Colportage Association, church and community founded by Dwight L.

and to frankly face that Moody in 1894 for the job and see it through. pUblication and distri- Youth, through the bution 0 f evangelical consolidated schools and Christian literature, other community insti- A RURAL CHURCH IN THE MOUNTAINS-AT CARMEN sent 9,969 shipments of tutions, is learning to books, booklets, Gospels, live and act cooperatively. Too frequently the New Testaments, Gospel tracts and miscellaneous churches are too numerous in rural communities. books to mountain schools in the South last year They are competitive in character and disrupt the -a total of 564,682 copies.

social unity of the community. All of this is a The Episcopal Recorder quotes from a letter mystery to oncoming youth. 'They wonder why written by a mountain girl to her teacher, in which there should be such a division and competition she says: in Christian life and work. Our rural youth offer a new challenge to united religious effort in all "Mother and Dad never had a Bible in their of our rural communities. Christian intelligence house, and never did any reading, until you gave demands a united church, the best of equipment, us the Book of John and the Pocket Treasury; the finest leadership and program, so that when but now they are getting interested in the Lora." youth compares its church with its school it will The teacher adds: "The children are more interfind that the church is an institution of which it ested in the Lord and want to take fifteen minutes each day to read th~ir Testaments. They are askcan justly be proud because of what it does for ing questions about the Bible. I want them to them, then they will give to it their loyalty, their read the Testament through before school is out, support, and their lives. and help them in every way I can."

Many of the ten million youth in rural Amer- Teachers in these mountain schools report a ica are disadvantaged through poverty. The gov- marked improvement in the morals and conduct of ernment and other organizations are making their their pupils since this work of literature distribu- contributions but if these young people are to be tion was undertaken.

Today and

By a WAYFARER The author of this article has first-hand knowledge of the situation in Spain T HE end of the Civil War in Spain, with the ister of the former, the Rev. Atilano Coco was shot surrender of Madrid on the 28th of March in prison; the incumbent of the latter, Rev. Mr. brought to an end one of the great tragedies Borrobia is still in prison. Liberty of propaof modern times. All who know Spain never had ganda, without which a religious minority cannot any doubt as to the ultimate issue, but all were thrive, was carried on normally in Government surprised that an improvised army, without sci- territory but was prohibited in the Nationalist entific training, was able to hold out so long area. The sale of the Christian Scriptures reached against superior forces equipped with modern record figures in republic or Loyalist Spain durlethal weapons. Neither side is without reproach ing the conflict but was prohibited in the country for many excesses· were committed that history dominated by General Franco. Registered parcels will condemn. The Nationalists, in spite of their of Bibles, sent from London to Vigo, were reclaim to a pure patriotism, opened the door to the turned marked "Prohibited by the Military Cenforeign invader and armed the Moors, the heredi- sorship."

tary enemies of Spain, in order that they might Fears for the safety of the Protestant minority kill Christians. The ruthless repression of the and the continuance of the work lead the British Basque autonomists, with its massacre of priests Committee for the Evangelization of Spain to ap- and civilians will not soon be forgotten. Franco point a delegation, under the presidency of Dr.

too seems to have been unable to restrain the Rushbrook, to call on the Duke of Alba, the official Falangists and Requetes in their zeal to extermi- representative of the Nationalist Government in nate "the Red vermin." Spanish Anarchists, al- London, asking for assurances of protection and lied with Communists, by killing priests and burn- liberty. Through his good offices certain questions ing churches, discredited the Loyalist Govern- concerning the maintenance of religious liberty ment cause and alienated sympathy that would and propaganda were submitted to General Franco otherwise have been theirs. It would be as fool- who later replied guaranteeing liberty of worship. ish to hold Senor Azana personally responsible for On being further questioned as to whether this . this as it would be to make Franco wholly respon- included liberty of propaganda the General replied sible for the excesses of his irregular troops. It in the affirmative and this declaration was pub- is a significant fact neither seems to have pos- lished in English newspapers. sessed the authority necessary to dominate the sit- uation. In this age, however, promises do not seem to have the same sacred character as formerly. The As to the religious situation generally speaking dead cannot- be raised but if General Franco would both sides maintained the degree of religious lib- release Evangelical workers who are still in pris- erty that obtained in Spain at the outbreak of the on and allow the reopening of closed Protestant war. At an early stage the Government published churches, such as those of Barcelona that have a decree to prevent excesses and inviting Roman been closed since the Nationalist occupation of Catholic priests to return to their parishes. At the city, that would go far to inspire confidence. no time was Protestant worship suspended in the Government-controlled area; nor were their build- Moreover the news that filters through from ings destroyed. Christian services were carried Spain is increasingly ominous. On the 3d of May on throughout the struggle, frequently in build- a decree ordered the replacing of the Crucifix in ings damaged by enemy aircraft. In Nationalist all schools, whether Government or private. None territory Roman Catholic worship was celebrated will be allowed to function until it has obeyed this in pre-republican splendor. Protestant services injunction. The teaching of the Roman Catholic continued without interference in most towns and religion has been made obligatory in all schools. were well attended. Conspicuous exceptions were The children are obliged to attend Mass. If any Salamanca and Valladolid where Protestant special provision has been made for non-Catholic churches were closed early in the war. The min- children we have not heard of it. All civil serv- ants too are required to give proof of Catholic [357 ]

piety (pruebas de piedad cristia1W) , that is to be brothers united in one conception of the State say, fulfil the obligations of the Roman Catholic and in one religion." But Franco's forces contain religion. Again there is no mention of exemption groups with opposing ideologies. It is easier for non-Catholics. A list of prohibited books has to conceive the lion and the lamb lying down been prepared. Only accepted books may be circulated in Spanish in Spain. Inquiries at the together than Falangists and Requetes living in Spanish Embassy brought forth the statement peace. The Spaniards are a proud people whose that the Bible is not included in the list. Finally, soil has been trodden and their blood shed by foraccording to newspaper and radio reports, the eign invaders. Official friendship may be main- Civil Marriage Law, instituted by the Republic, tained with the invading countries but the people has been repealed and 60 days have been given to who have suffered will not forget. It is even more all married under this law to remarry according difficult to visualize post-civil-war Spain as united to Roman Catholic rites. Failing this their chil- by a common religion. A large part of many of dren will be declared illegitimate. Now as confes- the Spanish people have an inherited hatred and sion is required before marriage in the Roman distrust of the Roman Catholic Church which is Catholic Church, and no so called, "heretic" can considered as the enemy of liberty and a barrier receive absolution, remarriage, under these con- to progress. This feeling has shown itself in ditions, would seem to be equivalent to being re- periods of national tumult by the burning of ceived into the Church. The Spanish Embassy church property. Is it conceivable that the conconfirms the, promulgation of this Law but they duct of the Roman Catholic Church during the have not yet received the text. The conservative civil war was such as to win these people for its French newspaper Le Temps in its issue of April cause? There have been too many priests of the 25th, says that more than 30,000 couples in Madrid type of Zafra who, waving his pistol in the air, alone are affected. They are being remarried at boasted that it has sent more than 100 Marxists to the rate of 650 a day. their account. Even the holy lives and sacrificial death of such men as the Franciscan, Father Re- What will be the position of non-Catholics under ville, who was shot for protesting against the murthis reactionary decree? We do not know as we der of inoffensive citizens, cannot blot out the have not seen the text. We can only hope that memory of others better known whose conduct was there are attenuating clauses in it that are not different. Cardinal Mercier, whose heroism Belmentioned in the first reports. gium will never forget, visited Spain on one occa- I On the 19th of April a deputation from the sion. On his return a friend congratulated him on i'British Committee" again called at the Spanish having seen that most Christian country, to which Embassy in London. In the absence of the Am- the Cardinal replied pensively, "Christian? Do bassador the news of the closing of the Barcelona you think so?" churches-the other information mentioned above had not then been received-was brought to the Spain needs Christ. Not the crucifix hanging notice of the Chief Secretary, the Marquis de los round the necks of bloodstained Requetes and Santos, and the contrast between this event and Moors but the Christ of the Gospels who died the promises given on the occasion of the previ- expressing forgiveness to his enemies. He alone ous visit were emphasized. can lead Spain forward to that new epoch of peace and prosperity desired by all true friends. Pray We hear much of the new Spain that is to rise that there may be an open-door in Spain for men on the ruins of the old. It is, we are told, to be who incarnate the virtues associated with the di- "prosperous and powerful. Its inhabitance will vine character of Jesus, the Christ.

One of India's political leaders said of Stanley Jones: "We always know where he is com- ing out. If he begins at the binomial theorem, he will come out at the place of conversion." And to this Stanley Jones replies: "Right. I make no apologies, for life comes out at that place. Amid all the changes which have taken place in the mind and spirit of this age there is one underlying need that has not changed-men need conversion. But we now see that that conversion is bigger in its scope than we had dreamed-the individual and society must shift the basis from self-centeredness to God. For conversion is that change, sudden or gradual, by which we pass from the kingdom of self to the Kingdom of God through the grace and power of Christ."

and Religion in

By REV. and MRS. PHINEAS B. KENNEDY, recently * of Kortcha; founders of the Albanian Mission A LBANIA, which has recently been front page day dropped leaflets guaranteeing the free exer- .r-. news in the press dispatches on account of cise of religious beliefs." the Italian occupation and the flight of The virile Albanian mountaineers trace their King Zog with his wife and baby, lies north and history (according to Max Muller and others) west of Greece, and across the Adriatic Sea from back to the Pelasgic race. In ancient times they Italy. The country is smaller than the State of were pushed back into their mountain fortresses Maryland and the total population (800,000) is by the Romans, Goths, Bulgars, Serbs, and Turks.

about the size of Baltimore. The people are three- For nearly five hundred years they remained fourths Mohammedan; the remaining fourth be- under the Turks, then they became independent; ing about equally divided between the Roman now they are subject to Italy.

Catholics of the north and the Eastern Orthodox The first Bible colporteur to come to these moun- of the south. Islam was forced on this sturdy tain people was Gerasim Kyrias, an Albanian. He race before the fall of Constantinople in 1453. had been educated under the American Board Their honored patriot, George Castriot Skender- Mission. He was captured and held for ransom, beg who died in 1468, is the hero in James M. but money was raised, through the efforts of the Ludlow's "A Captain of the Janissaries." Evangelical missionaries, and was used for his re':'

The Rev. Arthur W. Konrad of the Evangelical lease. While his health was seriously impaired Mission writes that some Italian bombs proved to by his rigorous experience, he and his sister were be "stuffed with paper and wood, used only to instrumental in establishing in Kortcha an evanscare and not to exterminate." He speaks also of gelical day and boarding school for girls in 1891. the friendliness of the Italian army when it en- This school they carried on for some years. tered the city of Kortcha. A generation ago a young Mohammedan Al- At latest reports the Albanian flag was still banian entered the offic·e of the American Board flying with the flag of Italy. Albania has now a of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in Boston reconstructed government, and, according to and gave a modern Macedonian call: "Come over newspaper accounts, many of the people are jubi- and help us." This touched the heart of the secrelant over having Victor Emanuel III as King and tary of the Board, Dr. James L. Barton, and a Emperor. Albania has lost her brief independ- special fund was raised which enabled the Board ence and she is now related closely with to send out Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy in 1907. While Italy in whatever the future holds. Since the the Turks attempted to prevent the missionaries' Italian occupation of Albania, (April, 1939) there entrance, permission was finally granted on the has been time for some details to filter through basis of American treaty rights. The little school to America. This occupation seems to have been started by Gerasim Kyrias in Kortcha was a veriinevitable due to several years of Italian financial table "cradle of liberty" and was the only girls' aid in the material development of the country. school in the country where the Albanian lan- Moreover dissatisfaction was beginning to be felt guage was taught. Preaching and Sabbath school by many of the Albanians against the Zog regime services in the language of the people were held, in which overtaxed the people. spite of opposition both from the Turkish Govern- ment and from the Moslem and Greek Orthodox The Rev. Edwin Jacques, another Evangelical leaders. From time to time Albanians have conmissionaries, says in his "postscript" to a recent fessed their faith in Christ and have been received circular letter (written before the occupation), into the little Evangelical circle. The occupation "To quiet Moslem forebodings airplanes yester- of southern Albania, during the Balkan War made it necessary for the missionaries to leave, but the * Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy, the founders of the Albanian Evangelical way was opened to do relief work among the starving and dying Moslem refugees in the north, MiSSion, are now in America, having passed over to their fellow with headquarters in Durazzo. After four or five miSSionaries, Messrs. Jacques and Konrad, all the property held by them, both mission and private. Their address is 332 West 12th Street, New York. They expect to work among Albanian communities in America and are ready to accept speaking engagements.

-EDITOR.

[359 ]

years' absence, while the World War was still in Two young missionary couples, Rev. and Mrs. progress, the Kennedys were able to re-enter Kortcha, and soon the attendance at the re-opened Edwin Jacques and Rev. and Mrs. Arthur W. school and at the Evangelical services was larger than before. Konrad were added to the staff and are now con- The income of the American Board being in- ducting the mission. adequate they decided to withdraw from Albania in 1922, expecting that another board would take While the great need in Albania today is to over the work, but this was not done. Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy therefore decided to conduct the reach tre Moslems, there is also a call to teach work on interdenominational lines and founded the Evangelical Mission as an independent "Faith" the unenlightened Roman Catholic and Greek work in 1923. The so-called Kyrias School, having been moved to Tirana, the capital, a new school Orthodox Christians. Albanians are "very reliwas established in Kortcha and village evangelistic services were carried on regularly. When the gious" but their religion is largely outward and independent State was formed, the Albanian language could be taught without the protection of formal. Those who have had a real experience the American flag so that many, who were not vitally interested in the dospel, lost their interest of Christ are deeply concerned for the salvation in the mission. Nevertheless the school grew so that it was necessary to add more rooms and em- of their fellow Albanians. ploy additional teachers. The Bible was regularly taught in all classes three times a week and new The country has passed through many political . members were added to the Evangelical circle. Later, with the growth of nationalism, the Al- changes under Turkish, Greek, French, Albanian banian Government was influenced to close all private schools, including the mission school. The and now Italian flags. What this new change may prejudice of the people has been dispelled, and more time can be devoted to distinct evangelism. mean for Evangelical work is known only to God.

Certain it is that the Albanian people need the clear Gospel message, proclaimed by the power of the Spirit of God. .

Some day there may be a Christian mass move- ment in Albania, for many are dissatisfied with empty religious forms and superstition. They are "almost persuaded" to become real followers of Jesus Christ as the Son of God and to accept Him as their Lord and Saviour. They are a noble race of people, and hold a strategic position in the Bal- kans. Shall we not give them the entire Bible in their language, and evangelize this field while it is yet day? The night cometh in Europe and the Near East, when no man can work.

Liberty and Religion in Red Russia * By COLONEL F. J. MILES, D.S.O., O.B.E., V.D.

International Secretary of the Russian Missionary Society, Inc.

N UMERICALLY, the Russians form the tive Committee viewed with alarm the lack of in- greatest white race in the world, 210 mil- crease due to licensed lasciviousness, reduced it to lion people. Of these approximately 180 latitude, and by law abolished liberty and free millions live within the borders of Soviet Russia, provision of hospitals and surgeons for the pera tract of territory so vast that it stretches from formance of certain operations. The year that Europe to the Pacific; from the White Sea to the the alteration took place making the operation Black, from the Baltic to the Balkans; so huge illegal, the population grew by four and a half that when it is twelve noon in Moscow it is seven million. It is anticipated that the futur·e normal o'clock in the evening at Vladivostock. In this increase will be at the rate of seven million per land, which covers one-sixth of the earth's sur~ annum, until in 1970 there will be three hundred face, one-fourth of Asia and one-third of Europe, million resident in the U. S. S. R. Lenin's widow there dwell 170 races speaking 120 different is leading a journalistic campaign and nation-wide tongues and dialects. There are White Russians movement in fayor of large families. and Little Russians; .Cossacks and Caucasians; Georgians and Ukrainians, and the like. The laws concerning religion govern the whole of the Federated Soviet States. It is, of course, The population was increasing at the rate of true that the farther one gets from the capital three million per annum, until the Central Execu- cities the more likelihood there is that laws will not be so strictly observed. For instance, I vis- • From the E'IIamgeUoal O'hristi<z.n, Jamlary. 1939.

LIBERTY AND RELIGION IN RED RUSSIA

ited a collective farm in the Don Cossack country. mummified bodies lying side by side in the Cathe- The village was still called by its· old Czarist name dral of St. Isaac in Leningrad. The centre one -Alexander the Second! But the collective farm is a "saint," and the outside two are a peasant that included it as its centre, and on which all the man and woman. The stage is set to show that not villagers worked was styled "October 25th"! I sainthood, but chemical processes were responmanaged to "lose myself" from the Field Briga- sible for the preservation. Moreover, into the dier, who made it his business to carefully shep- hand of a corpse lying in the Russian coffin, which herd me around, and I wandered down the village has casket and lid of equal depths, there was street "visiting." placed a Greek Orthodox passport to heaven, printed in Archaic Greek. This had to be pur- One cleanly-clad housewife called me into her chased from the priest and without it there was home where I found in the living-room five ikons, no hope of the departed entering paradise! In the and in the adj oining bedroom another two, each first instance, persecution was directed against with its little red lamp burning beneath it. I this church which was characterized by creed, found that nearly every worker on this intensely ceremonial, crude teaching, and too often not by communistically named farm was still living reli- Christian character. giously as in the old "Holy Russia," and that the bulk of the people, in spite of the five-day week, The Stundists were given a freedom, under were actually worshipping in the little church which they increased with such remarkable rabuilding of the Greek Orthodox Church every sev- pidity that the Central Executive Committee beenth day. came alarmed. They reasoned that the church of these Christians who refused to participate in The American secular press has been misled party politics or to bear arms, was necessarily into stating that the new constitution affords reli- opposed to the Bolshevic plan for world-wide antigious liberty to Soviet citizens. The conditions religious communistic dominion. Their rapid inremain as they were before the draft sent out to crease was, therefore, a menace to the Soviet plan. the Soviets in February, was "adopted" in No- So the forces of persecution were focused upon vember of 1936, and became law on January, 1937. them. No Christian is persecuted as such and Articles 124 and 125 provide for "liberty for anti- no evangelist is banished merely for preaching religious propaganda" and "freedom to perform the Gospel. They are charged as counter revoreligious rites." News editors did not sense the lutionaries. But. facts are stubborn things. Forworld of difference between the two. It simply meant that elderly folk who still clung to their merly we had sixty-six consecrated Russian evanreligious ceremonial could continue to follow it. gelists within the U. S. S. R. Today only five are left and they are in exile. None of the "liquidated" The revolt, while :;tgainst all religion, was in the men ever engaged in any counter-revolutionary first place a revolution against the National Or- propaganda or activity. Before me are the rethodox Church. From the standpoint of the anti- ports for August, 1938. (1) In the Far East God and anti-religious hosts, it was justified. a purge of Baptist churches is taking place There were notable exceptions, as in the case of and the leaders are being charged as "Japanese the Patriarch Tikhon, and the Metropolitan Ben- spies." This is in harmony with the procedure in jamin, the one dying in prison and the other being the West where evangelists and pastors were shot. Before the tribunal the Metropolitan said, exiled· or shot as German spies. (2) Baptist "If I must die, I will die as a Christian." But the groups in Tolka have been "liquidated." Tolka is old Russian Church was largely led by illiterate in the Caucasus. (3) Baptists in the Caucasus and immoral men like that "holy devil of Russia" were accused of (a) hindering the election of -Rasputin. Priests in the provinces actually Stalin candidates at the recent elections; and taught the people that the bodies of believers were (b) conducting religious. propaganda among the immortal, and that when a believer died the body hospital workers of the district. (4) A Baptist remained intact until the judgment day! They pastor of twenty years' standing in one of the exhibited bodies of saints in glass cases in their oldest churches in the autonomous Udmurpk Rechurches. When the revolution came, the anti- public was arrested as a German spy. (5) Evanreligious hosts opened the graves and disclosed gelistic groups in the Crimea were "liquidated." that they only contained decomposing bones. They smashed the glass cases and revealed that the It seems strange that in a land where capital bodies of saints were "fakes." Not all; for the punishment has been abolished hundreds of men ground beneath the monastery of Pechersk at are being shot daily. The military and naval lead- Kieff, the ancient capital of Russia and the pres- ers are shot so that they may be replaced by noment capital of the Ukraine, has the property of inees of Stalin and Company. I ventured to ask preserving bodies interred therein. The monks a City Magistrate in his Chambers in Mosco.w how were quick to take advantage of this and instituted he explained this anomaly. Indignantly he couna mummy factory. • . . 1J'here are three complete tered, "But we do not hang people up and leave

them hanging till they die; we shoot them in- in 1936, twenty-seven in 1937; there are less tostantly and put an end to their misery." And I day. The last German Lutheran Church was found that this university trained man, who had closed in August, 1938, when the pastor died. In taken a juridical course, really believed this. A Omsk, Siberia, with a population of two and a few weeks later I was on the lower Volga, and two quarter million, only three churches remain open. Scotch ladies, traveling first-class, were being con- In a town on the lower Volga, with a population ducted by a Girl Guide interpreter. She told them of eighty thousand, five churches were open when this same story. I had several conversations with I visited it a couple of years back: two Greek her, as we were several days on the boat. During Orthodox, two Roman Catholic, and one German the recent winter she had passed an examination Lutheran. For all practical purposes they might in an additional language, so was receiving an as well be closed. The vital religious work in that extra fifty rubles a month pay, and had been pre- community is being carried on in private circles sented with an English up-to-date edition of a of Brethren, Baptists and Evangelical Christians. work by Frederick Engels in which it was claimed that during the previous year in the Brit- Some reports appear in the press of churches ish Isles, men were banished for life to convict settlements overseas for poaching rabbits, and being full. hanged for stealing sheep. I published excerpts There are enough elderly folk (with whom the from this work in the British Press. Noone has dared to attempt to refute what I wrote. Soviet cannot be bothered-"They'll die off soon, anyway") to fill the buildings that still remain Effect of Censorship open at Easter, and at the three-day Christmas (January 6th) of which Greek Orthodox churches Lamentable ignorance of conditions in Russia make so much. But in the few churches remainand in the other lands is due to the censorship ing open, what can be done? The pastor may which is, applied both in and out of the U. S. S. R. preach on the premises, but nowhere else. He is For instance, no paper, periodical, or magazine taken up for interrogation periodically, and comes Duhlished abroad is permitted to enter Russia. out of the ordeal a nervous wreck. No literature The population gets its ideas concerning "starv- is allowed on the premises except such as is absoing and revolting peoples" of other lands from lutely needful for the conduct of worship. No government controlled papers, in order that by meetings may be held for women or young people. contrast they may be the more content with the It is a criminal offence to gather three young peo- Soviet regime. All who regularly write or are ple under the age of eighteen to teach them reliwritten to come under suspicion. I have before gion. No teacher is permitted to enter any place me a communication from K– asking us not of worship. No social service may be rendered, to write more at present. Believers and others lest by so doing the church should influence those under suspicion are tortured to secure confes- helped to become religious. The church is under sions; nothing to eat or drink; no sleep-terrible! a graduated tax that is increased periodically till, It is such torture that induces wholesale confes- in spite of severest sacrifice, it can no longer be sions of "counter revolutionaries." There have paid; then automatically the Soviet takes over been many positive acts against religion. Church the building because those using Government buildings were taken over by the Government. All property have not paid their dues. It is all quite private property was nationalized, including the lawful and legitimate! !! If the pastor dies, no churches. Like so many other communistic prin- successor may be elected and the church is liquiciples the abolition of private property has broken dated. The German Lutheran Church at Gorki down in practice. For instance, Cooperatives are (Nizni-Novgorod) has been closed for this reason allowed to erect buildings and sell the apartments for years. Apparently the local Soviet has no use to their members. Most of the church buildings for the building. were closed and converted to secular uses such as bureaus, workshops, factories, apartments, clubs, In one city where we bought land and erected a kolkhos (stores for collective farms), public con- building wherein thousands of souls were saved, veniences, etc. "Dom Evangelia" in Leningrad our people were expelled, but permitted to conis a workers' club. for the men who make nails in tinue to meet twice in what we call one week, in a the metal factory opposite. The cathedrals of St. hall attached to a former Greek Orthodox Church Isaac in Leningrad, of St. Basil in the Red Square building which they shared with followers of anof Moscow, and that of St. Andrew in Kieff are other persuasion. Needing this, the local Soviet anti-God and anti-religious, museums. turned them out. They have been driven from pillar to post, hampered, hindered, harassed-yet Of 1636 Greek Orthodox churches in Moscow on the 29th day of January last year, in one meetbefore the revolution, thirty only were left open ing they baptized fifty converts on profession of faith.

Since May, 1929, the Bible has been banned. It is a criminal offence in Soviet Russia to print,

publish, circulate or distribute the Word of God 87 per cent of the Russian population were illitor any portion of it. We printed the largest edi- erate. Now only 14 per cent are, and in the intion of Russian Bibles that ever came off the press dustrial areas, only 8 per cent. But every day 25 -81,000 copies. Before the officials became so million children going to school are taught that alert we sent copies back by the lumbermen who there is no God; never was. a Creator, and are brought the rafts and logs down the rivers to the subject to such caricatures of Christianity, and border states. Our men carried them over the such blasphemous cartoons of Christ that I canborder at dead of night, taking their lives in their not bring myself to describe them. No teacher in hands every time they crossed. In markets far school, college, or university is permitted to enter away from Moscow bidding may proceed for a any place of worship. And yet all over Soviet few mushrooms spread out on a bag-but the real Russia today there are sporadic outbursts of reobject is under the bag, a second-hand Bible or vival among young people (over 50 percent of Testament. When the government said in effect the population, i. e., all the young people, have -"You shall not have the Book in your hands," passed through these schools), and especially the Believers replied, "Then we'll put it into our among young men in the factories, so the local heads and enthrone it on our hearts." So they leaders are sending to Moscow asking that special studied and committed to memory the Sacred speakers be sent to combat the religious revival. Word. Now, when they gather round our evangelists in "bears' caves," they repeat passages of I dare not close this article without giving evi- Scripture and so illumine and inspire, instruct, dence of the truthfulness of the above, from offiexhort, and "comfort one another with these cial Soviet sources, lest I be charged with rowords." mancing.

There is no food shortage in Russia in Europe Lunarcharsky, former Commissar of Education today, though sometimes failure in distribution in the Central Executive Committee, issued a occurs. There is still shortage in Russia in Asia, manifesto in which he stated: and we still need to send food parcels. to Christians and banished evangelists in concentration camps We hate Christians. Even the best of them must be rein the Far East. Nothing but our food parcels garded as our worst enemies. They preach love to one's stands between them and starvation. Until food neighbors and pity, which is contrary to our principles ( !). tickets and ration cards were abolished no priest, Christian love is a hindrance to the development of the rabbi, moulvic, pastor, evangelist, editor of reli- revolution. Down with love for one's neighbors. What we gious pamphlets, or tradesman dealing in any re- want is hatred. We must know how to hate, for only at ligious article, nor his wife or family, was per- this price can we conquer the universe. We have done with mitted to have a ticket or card. Thousands who the kings of the earth, let us deal with the Kings of the wished to be loyal to the Lord "whom not having skies. All religions are poison. They intoxicate and deaden seen (they) love," were living on the bark and the mind, the will, the conscience (!). A fight to the death roots of trees, on nettle grass, and on field mice. must be declared upon religion. Our task is to destroy all kinds of religion, all kinds of morality. In spite of these conditions there has been, and still is, a real religious revival. Let him tell us how they succeeded. Trud, whieh means "labor," is the chief workers' organ; In the U. S. S. R. one evangelist, now in exile, Comsomolska Pravda is "Truth for Youth"; in three months, in three villages far from the Pravda, meaning "Truth," is the chief organ of capital, baptized 450 converts. Next spring he the Communist Party; while Izvestia, "News," is baptized 154 more in two months. Then he went that of the Government. In Southern Russia it is to prison for a technical offence in connection with said that there is no news in the Truth, and no preaching. Not to the Solovetsky Islands, the truth is the News. Writing in Izvestia in 1929 most rigorous imprisonment in the world, but to on the basis of the figures of his own department, a "house of re-education," in which the offenders Lunarcharsky affirmed that in 1917 there were are .given a good time, to induce them to come out only 700,000 members of the Communist Party, good supporters of the Soviet regime. Freedom but in 1927 they had grown to 1,700,000. But in therein enabled our man to preach to those who 1917 there were only 100,000 Stundists, and in would not have listened to him outside, also to hold 1927 over six millions. The Christians had outprayer meetings. Several prisoners were con- lived, outwitnessed, and outnumbered the Comverted. When he was discharged he found that munists by six to one, and this in spite of Governhis wife had carried on so effectively during his ment support of the latter, and satanic and Soviet incarceration that he had to baptize another 12'6 opposition of the former. converts. The Party Commander of the Bezbojniks (the The greatest achievement of the Soviets has Godless), Em. Yaroslavsky, has recently published been in the realm of education. Before the revolt an explanation which is an apology for failure in the Scientific Journal, Antireliginoznik. In it he has to confess that about two-thirds of the rural

pop1l1ation, and one-third of that in the towns, the ministers of the cult must be viewed as fraudstill continue faithful to religion. He admits that ulent members of the Party. All our skill must while the Government can prohibit support of the consist in systematically and unremittingly de- Church, and separate the Church and the school priving the Church of its head; in striking the by decree, "a decree is powerless to efface reli- blow at the Shepherd and alluring the sheep into gious ·conception"; "being deprived of an edifice our own stable" (sic!). has not killed the religious feeling of believers," and even "the Pioneers frequent the Church in There is one reason why the anti-religious hosts great numbers." He claims. that the coercive have failed. Jesus said, "On this Rock (faith in measures have been a mistake: they have failed; Christ as the Son of God) I will build my church and concludes that "The masses must be tamed by and the gates of hades shall not prevail against kindness." But–"We must outroot religion, and it" (Matt. 16: 18). My Master always keeps His word.

Forty Years' Progress in Latin America By REV. WEBSTER E. BROWNING, New York Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions; For Forty Years a Missionary in South America I N THESE chaotic moder:::J. times, forty years United States flag was seldom seen on the few constitute as long a period in the life of a na- ships which then made the run to South America. tion as in the life of an individual. Changes, The investment of North American capital, could rapid and cataclysmic, occur, even in the coun- not have exceeded a few hundred millions in all tries that have been fully organized for centuries Latin America. In 1937, the total investment was and whose traditions and form of government ap- reported to be about $6,500,000,000. pear to be crystallized and unshakable. In younger nations, such as those of Latin America such 2. Politically-Few governments of the very changes, though less sudden and dramatic com- young republics were then more than oligarchies. pared with those of Europe during past years, are A small number of families, in each of them, connevertheless well defined and epoch-making. sidered the presidency and other public offices their peculiar right and saw to it that the power The writer of this article journeyed to Latin was kept within their limited circle. As an illus- America, for the first time, more than 40 years ago, tration, one lady, known to the writer, was the and, except for occasional visits to the homeland, daughter, the sister and the wife of a President lived all that time south of the equator. He has of her country. Today, though not to the same dethus been able to note the changes in the commer- gree in all the republics, the democratic form of cial, political and religious life of the peoples of government prevails, and most of them, like Arthose lands which have marked their slow but gentina, Brazil and Chile, merit the high esteem sure progress toward equal standing with the in which they are held by the peoples of Europe older peoples of Europe and North America. A and North America. brief description of some of these changes may be of interest. 3. Culturally-Public instruction has made great advance and the formerly high percentage 1. Economically-Forty years ago, the immense of analphabets has been correspondingly reduced. natural resources of Latin America lay practically The oldest university of Latin America was founduntouched. The great modern industries of min- ed 56 years before the first permanent English ing, cattle-raising, the elaboration of nitrate; settlement w:as made in North America, and 85 banking, railways, manufactures, shipping, the years before John Harvard made possible the importation of machinery and automobiles, and institution that bears his name. Today, the best of other commercial activities-all these were but these universities equal those of the United States in their infancy. The United States, in particular, or Europe as centers of learning, and the intellechad not attempted to discover in those lands a tual spire of Latin America is as high as our own, market for its excess products. There was not a though it is more slender. In the learned profes- North American bank south of Mexico, and the sions, especially in law and medicine, are found

19391 FORTY YEARS' PROGRESS IN LATIN AMERICA

men and women of the highest professional prep- As a result of this exclusionist policy, when aration, fully the equals of their colleagues in evangelical missions began to extend their work with greater earnestness and conviction, forty or other lands. more years ago, they found certain conditions 4. Religiously-The pioneers and founders of which had to be overcome if that work was to be successful. Among these were the following: the colonies of Spain in the New World differed from those who laid the foundations of religious life in what is now the territory of the United (a) There was no liberty of worship. Free States of America. The groups that came to those thought was in itself considered heretical; the shores, Catholic and Protestant alike, were simply press was under the absolute control of the seeking a place where, quietly and unostentatious- Church, and, in some of the most backward coun- ly, they might worship God according to the dic- tries, death was the legal penalty for adherence to tates of their own consciences. Spanish discover- any religion other than that of the dominant ers and conquistadores, in the lands that now con- Church.

stitute what we call Latin America, were of a (b) There was no civil marriage law. The only more militant mold and sought to establish not legal ceremony was that performed by a priest of only the power of the King whom they represented the State Church; children of those otherwise but also that of their particular Chm'ch. They wedded were ipso facto considered illegitimate. flung to the breeze not only the colors of Ferdi- Even Protestant missionaries, wedded on the field, nand and Isabel, King and Queen of Castile and were required to secure the services of a friendly Aragon, but also those of the Supreme Pontiff priest. To satisfy their own consciences, they of Rome. Even the sails of the caravels of Chris- might have another ceremony performed by a topher Columbus and of less worthy conquista- Protestant minister, but this latter ceremony had dores who came after him, had imprinted upon no legal significance whatsoever. them the figure of the cross and the words, "with this sign you will conquer." Columbus is said to (c) There were no civil cemeteries. The bodies have considered his name Christopher, "Christ- of deceased dissenters were thrown into the sea, bearer," a good omen, and historians tell us that or were buried surreptitiously by night in some his hope was to secure funds from the newly unfrequented spot. About the middle of the past acquired lands in order to finance another crusade century, a progressive Mayor in one of the South against the Turks. American capitals when converting a hitherto' undeveloped hill i,nto a park, found at its base a In view of this deeply religious motive that in- collection of human bones, and on the site placed spired and encouraged the Spanish pioneers in Latin America, which was largely in conformity a tablet with the inscription, "To the memory 0/ with the spirit of the times, in both Roman Catholic and Protestant lands, it is not strange that the exiled from heaven and earth who were buried the type of Christianity which became the official in this place." religion of the Colonies of Spain, and, afterward, of the younger republics that grew out of those (d) Possession and reading of the Bible was proscribed by the Church itself and, under the in- fluence of the Church, by officials of the State. A colonies, should have been ultra-fanatical, ex- customs officer in Ecuador, toward the end of the tremely jealous of its own prerogatives, and dis- past century, refused to admit a box of Christian Scriptures; pointing toward one of the towering posed to resist, to the last degree, the entrance peaks of the nearby Andes, he said, "So long as and propagation of the beliefs of any other sect Chimborozo stands, that Book shall not enter this or denomination. The spirit of the Inquisition, country." typical of the religious life of the time, especially in Southern Europe, was deep-rooted. Branches The distressing religious conditions that preof that feared and hated body were set up in vari- vailed in the countries of Latin America a half ous centers, especially in Lima, the capital of the century ago have been narrated in order to show viceroys, and in Cartagena de las Indias, now one the historical background against which we may of the port cities of the modern republic of Colom- throw into clearer light the situation as it is today.

bia. So strong did the Church become, so thor- The former unfortunate conditions have now oughly did it indoctrinate the peoples, that when very largely disappeared-due largely to a closer the colonies, following the lead given by those of contact with Europe and North America, made Great Britain, in North America, and by France, possible, in part at least, by more modern means gave way to republics, at the beginning of the 19th of communication. The changed situation has ·century, the representatives of the Papacy were also been greatly helped by the liberalizing, reflex able to have written into the constitution of the influence of Evangelical missions. Today, in every newly-created states the words, "The religion of one of the 20' republics of Latin America, there is this State is the Holy, Roman, Catholic, Apostolic, complete freedom of worship; the only legal mar- to the exclusion of all others." riage ceremony is that performed by an official of

the State; cemeteries are open to the dead of all friendly eye and are evidently willing to forget faiths or of none; and the Bible is widely and some episodes of the past in which the "big stick" freely circulated. In one South American republic, played too prominent a part. Brazil, there is now an estimated total of 1,500,000 Evangelical Christians; in all there is a steadily Probably no part of the world has made such growing National Evangelical Church which is economic and cultural advance in the past forty willing to cooperate in many respects with the years in a quiet and natural way as have the nainfinitely stronger, dominant, ecclesiastical organ- tions of Latin America. And their history is still ization, for the spiritual instruction and upbuild- in the making. Millions of Europeans, seeking ing of the people. refuge or the opportunity to better their condi- tions of life are wistfully turning their faces 5. Internationally-There is today a much bet- toward the great open spaces of Argentina and ter understanding between the Government, and, Brazil. Many thousands have already entered hence, the people of the United States of Ameri- those and other Latin American countries, where ca, and the governments and peoples of the other they have established homes and have begun a new countries of the Western hemisphere. Instead of life under more liberal conditions. The Christian the former policy of occupying a country with forces of North America, especially the Evangel- United States marines, in order to establish our ical churches, have a great opportunity to aid conception of what we considered law and order, these incoming thousands, making it possible for or exerting economic pressure to encompass our them not only to secure the right to liberty and own ends, a more modern and more Christian the pursuit of happiness, but also to surround "good neighbor" policy has been adopted and has themselves and their descendants with the spirbeen well received by all Latin American govern- itual blessings that flow from a free Church in a ments. Their people now look on us with a more free land.

Queen Salote of Tonga K ING GEORGE VI of Great Britain sent the lieves in the tenets of Christianity, but is most following message to the queen of Tonga, energetic in seeing that her beliefs find practical a Pacific Island, on the occasion of the expression in the daily life. With her, "Faith twentieth anniversary of her accession to the without works is dead." She is a constant attendthrone of Tonga. He said in part: ant at divine service, is a class leader, and is al- ways present at the regular meetings of the Chris- "The period of your reign has been one of tian Endeavor Society. Not only has Queen Salote steady and peaceful progress in the development advanced the interests of her people in the mateof your kingdom. Medical and health services rial sphere, but she has also, by her Christian life have been extended, educa.tional facilities have and character, provided them with a splendid been increased, roads have been built, and com- example of Christian living. munication between the islands has been improved by the provision of wireless stations. And The great event of the celebration took place in these achievements, of which your majesty may the large public square where gathered about four be justly proud, have been effected without in any thousand school children, as well as the Royal way sacrificing the financial stability of your Guards and Band. kingdom." Then came one of the finest sights of the day- Twenty years ago, as a young girl of eighteen, the march of four thousand school children, Queen Salote Tubou succeeded to the throne of carrying Tongan flags in their hands. Tonga. During the years intervening since that time, by her wise and statesmanlike rule, her The queen then departed, and as her car passed keen, unfailing interest in the well-being of her through the lines of children, she was hailed with subjects and her many excellent personal quali- hearty cheering and the waving of flags. Even ties, she has endeared herself to the people of her after she had returned to the palace the public land. How deeply enshrined she is in their hearts enthusiasm could not be restrained. The Tubou might well be gauged by the remarkable demon- boys entered the palace grounds, followed by the stration of loyalty and affection displayed by them other schools and the general public, until a crowd on October 11 of last year, the commemoration of of several thousands had collected. Her Majesty's the twentieth anniversary of her accession. appearance on the balcony and acknowledgment were the signal for more vociferous greeting. Queen Salote is known throughout the king- -By "The Wayfarer" in The Missionary Review dom as a sincere Christian, one who not only be- (Australia) .

Story for

Tony Finds Two Friends and it seemed wonderful to Tony room where Tony lay. His broth- to be able to help. As he snipped ers and sister were standing by By VIOLET WOOD, New York off the beans he thought of the his bed and to each one the nurse "Won't you leave your chil- time when his father had worked gave a glass of milk. dren with me, Mrs. Rossetti?" in the city, while his mother the nurse at the Center invited. stayed home and took care of As Tony's mother took her them. Suddenly there had been glass she spoke excitedly to the Mrs. Rossetti turned to Tony, no more work. A friend had told boy. Tony laughed, "My mothher ten-year-old son, to interpret his father of the need for bean er says you have nets over the for her. When she understood pickers and they had packed all babies' cradles to keep the flies what the nurse had said, Mrs. their belonging$. in a truck and away just as she used to have in Rossetti shook her head and had come to this big farm. Now the city." gathered her three small chil- father was sick for he had dren about her. worked too hard the first few "Ask her to leave you all with days. me tomorrow? You can go back "You could stay, too, Tony," to the fields in a few days, but the nurse said to the boy, "and At noon Mrs. Rossetti took it would be nice if you could stay help me take care of them." out of her blouse a paper bag and here a little while. Your broth- gave them all cold biscuits for ers and sister will love it." "I gotta pick beans," respond- lunch. She and the children ed,Tony. went on picking beans as they When Tony told his mother ate. But Tony could not eat his she nodded happily, as she fin- When Tony told his mother biscuit. Something was wrong. ished her milk and went back to what the nurse had said, the lit- His head felt as if it were float- the field. tle group passed the Center and ing away. But he kept on pickwent out towards the field. Tony ing, hoping that the funny feel- The nurse brought in some noticed several women leave ba- ing would pass. He suddenly picture books for Tony. One of bies and small children at the fainted. them was a beautiful "Life of Center. He shrugged. Who knew Jesus," and, as the nurse exwhat would be done to them in When Mrs. Rossetti called for plained some of the pictures the that place! Tony's family had help two men came over and car- boy looked up suddenly, and been at the migrant camp only a ried the boy to the Center. When said: "Then I have found two few days and he had no idea of new friends today!"

the loving care, the nice lunches, the nurse came she patted Tony's Making Use of This Story the toys and the Bible stories mother on the shoulder and in a few minutes he opened his eyes that were provided for the chil- and tried to smile. "You just The plight of the migrant is not well dren of the migrant workers. lie here for a little while and enough known by many people and yet soon you'll be quite all right. it is a great social problem in Amer- Down the long lanes between I'll bring you a nice glass of milk ica. Because the parents lose their the rows of bean poles the lit- in a few minutes. Tell your legal residence by so much traveling, tle family went, snipping off the mother I would like to show her the children get insufficient food, imbeans as they moved. Every- our little home here." proper shelter, no medical and dental body helped fill the baskets. care and very little schooling. When one was filled Mrs. Rosset- Tony translated this for his ti carried it to the weigher who mother, whose eyes shone with The Council of Women for Home checked the number of pounds gratitude. Missions has Centers in many states against her name. and has done a wonderful piece of The hot sun beat down upon The nurse beckoned to Mrs. work with the children. Excellent the men, women and children Rossetti and took her into an- material on the migrant is found in working on either side of Tony other room where babies lay the pamphlet, "They Starve That We and his mother. Although many sleeping in little cradles. In an- May Eat," compiled by Edith Lowry were thirsty they could not stop other room little boys and girls, and published by the Missionary Edueven for a drink of water. Every just like her own, were playing cation Movement (35 cents.) moment of daylight counted, and together at sand tables and with if they were to make enough blocks. In one corner a teacher money to buy food they must be was reading stories to the older Questions quick. boys and girls. All the children What would you lose if you had no home, no school, no church? Tony's back ached, but he was seemed very happy. bigger than his brothers and sis- In the kitchen Mrs. Rossetti What are some of the crops that ter and he could not stop to rest. watched the nurse fill five glass- migrants gather?

He must go on like his mother. es with milk. Putting them on Are migrant workers necessary in His father lay sick in the tent a tray she carried them to the America?

[367 ]

Ways of W9rking

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home hDITED BY GRACE W. MCGAVRAN, INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA Enlisting a Congregation for and throb of enduring purpose as Pete and with a memorable in- they witness Christian romance scription was unveiled. The MissionEsdTuhcarotiuognh*Visual in China (yes, indeed, there is film also gives a glimpse of lep- high Christian romance in China ers' suffering, and of lepers who "Seeing is believing" is an old today, especially today), or a adage. But rich old warp woven great mass meeting of untouch- have been helped. into today's tapestries gives pat- ables in India, or a frightened At the close of the showing of terns of beauty, luster and value. African youth witness his moth- er's slow death at the hands of this film in the city church the If every Christian at home the witch doctor and his deter- pastor arose and said, "I have could visit and see the mission mination to run away and find today had a new vision of this fields, their opportunities, their the secret of the doctor who talks great work. I think everyone needs, their returns for service, and acts with love at his Christhe weaving of the pattern of tian "medicine house" in the for- of· our Sunday school classes Christ into the lives of peoples, est clearing. should have one of these pig not much time or money would banks. I suggest that all of our need to be spent on promotion A few weeks ago the film, Sunday school offering next Sunwork for Christianity. In the "A Million Dollar Pig," taken by day go to the leper work and I entanglement of threads in our nromise to find means of matchpattern here in our own land we the American Mission to Lepers, ing, dollar for dollar, all that are prone to grow discouraged, was shown in a large city church. the Sunday school gives." He feeling it improbable that there It tells the story of how a ten- felt as we had felt after visiting are other spots on the earth year-old boy, Wilbur, sad be- the many leper colonies on our where the Christ pattern is be- cause his mother had been able African way during the past ing distinctly and clearly woven. to furnish support for only nine lepers instead of ten, bought a months. If we cannot see these remote little pig with three dollars Films from mission fields are places, the next best step is to which had been given him. The have them brought to us by the children 0 f the community goingto be increasingly available medium of the motion picture- joined in feeding the pig, all the in the days ahead. The 1938 as nearly life-like a portrayal as time envisioning that pig as Africa Film Project has already can be had outside the actual bringing smiles to the face of released its first 3-Reel, 16 mm. experience. Christianity has not some weary leper. It was finally film, "Ngono and Her People." been in haste to take on this won- sold for twenty-five dollars and It movingly tells the life of a derfully convincing method, feel- the money was sent to help a typical African girl. In it one ing perhaps a worldliness about little leper boy of Siam. Out of really lives in the life of a girl of the very utterance of "movies." this experience came the idea of Africa; feels the heartache of a But at last, after the field of edu- the "pig banks," over 100,000 of ten-year-old child torn from her cation recognized why the "eye which have been distributed in mother and sent to harem life; witness" medium so grasped the America. They have brought in feels the fear of the jungle world public, Christians have over one million dollars to aid where she hides, the ,doubtful come to realize that these same the lepers of the world. Then the eyes may prove to be inlets to film shows the twenty-fifth anni- serenity in the hands of her the hearts and souls of vast num- versary of the event of Wilbur missionary rescuers, the school bers of people. Eyes that make and his pig, "Pete," as it was life, the romance of true love, hearts thrill and throb over which "never smooth did run" scenes of intrigue or love may celebrated in Wilbur's little home in Africa either, the power of also stir those hearts to the thrill town of White Cloud, Kansas. Over one thousand people there, the Christian life and all the • We are indebted to Mrs. Emory Ross including Chief White Cloud and problems it brings, as again she for this fine article. She last year accom- his tribe, honored Wilbur, now a meets the witch doctor and his panied her husband, who is pxecutive secre- successful engineer still giving wiles. As the last scene fades tary of th" American Mission to Lepers, on of himself and his money to help you feel that you have been in a trip to Africa to see many of the institu- lepers. A bronze tablet, erected Africa and you know that Christions aided by that Society. She was former- in his honor, with Wilbur and tian missions pay. You have ly a missionary in the C?n~o and .is now seen with your own eye. an active promoter of mISSIonary Interest [368 ] in America. Another six or eight films are being prepared on various phas- es of Africa, her life, her importance in the world, the impact of and explain some things which more careful showing of one? civilization upon her, the need will otherwise be without mean- Take time to slow down the ac- for Christianity to keep pace. ing. But announce that after tion where it is necessary. You Among the scenarios* are "The the first running there will be a will need to go over the film at World's Stake in Africa," "Chil- second, during which any ques- least once with the operator, be- dren of Africa," "A Day in an tions or comments may be of- fore it is shown in the program African Village," ""Bwamba"- fered. Plan time to do this, so in order to decide where the mo- (the life of a typical African that no one will have a sense of tion should be slowed, and how boy) , and "How an African being rushed. Offer to run it much. As you show it, be very Tribe is Ruled." through a third time for those sure to remark when you do so: Yes, today the home church who would like to see it again, "We will slow down at this may see the foreign field, and after the meeting has been dis- point," having explained before seeing, may she believe the more missed. hand the purpose of slowing and hasten to make the pattern Slow Motion in Using a Movie down. Otherwise you may leave Christian in those lands yet in the impression that the people the loom.-Myrta Pierson Ross. The label on the film case read, filmed are lazy or slow in their "Twenty minutes will be re- movements. quired to show this film." A Informal Use of a Movie group of people, planning to use It is needless to say that some films in their churches, had bor- films will not gain by such treat- The parents of a missionary rowed from the mission board ment. Use good judgment in dereceived, in their very ordinary ciding when to use normal speed mid-west town, a package from an entire set of five on the coun- and when not to do so. their children. It was a one-reel try the churches were studying, film, showing the missionary son and were giving a sort of pre- Remember that some projecand daughter setting up camp view so as to be able to present tors make a lot of noise. Whoin a village, taking part in a them more intelligently from ever reads the accompanying lec- time to time. They started im- ture, or prepares a talk to go church service, giving treatment mediately after lunch to have with the showing, should have a to a baby with sore eyes, walk- them run through. voice easily heard over the noise ing in their garden and romping of the machine. Nine o'clock that evening with the grandchildren who had found them reluctantly re-wind- Newer Stereopticon Pictures been mere babies the last time ing the last film. What had hapthey were home. pened? They found that while Color cameras have brought the speed required to run the into the field of stereopticon With what delight the aging film through in twenty minutes slides something a great deal parents viewed the scenes, as was quite correct for .seeing that more vivid and delightful than their beloved ones moved before which is familiar, it was too fast we have had before. Slides can them. The missionary women of to give them time to see what be made directly from the color the church, naturally, borrowed happened in scenes and actions film. No tinting of pictures with the film. The showing was made quite unfamiliar to them. They the colors running into each othinto a gala occasion. The film therefore slowed the running to er, or failing to join! Furtherwas run through once. Then a considerable extent. more, the picture-taker, instead it was run through again. Com- of having to remember that he ments and questions rose freely When that was done, they cannot count on color to do for during the showing. Whoever those who are to see the pictures had an idea as to the correct an- could actually see what was hap- what its actual presence is doswer to any question ventured pening. For example, the quick- ing for him, knows now that colit. Then they ran the film ly-run film showed a woman or, almost as he sees it, will be through again. Details that had squatting before a mud cooking- present in his film. escaped notice came to the atten- place, doing something with tion of the women now. Those That opens a much wider pospresent felt as if they had had swift capable hands. The slowed sibility for enjoyment in the use a real visit with their missionary film showed her going through of stereopticon slides on subjects and his family. of missionary interest. To be the process of handling the flat sure there are as yet few sets Are you following that proce- unleavened bread in the three which have been made by the dure when you show a film? Or simultaneous processes of mold- newer processes. But most sets are you having it shown as a ing one cake, while a second was have been vastly improved durformal part of your meeting, to searing and a third was being ing the last year or two, and they be run through once, accompa- baked among the live coals of begin to "tell a story" instead of nied by its lecture or by polite si- the fire. giving a disjointed picture of lence, immediately to be re- places and people. wound, set into its case, and sent Some parts of the film became on its travels? tedious with the slowing up, but During summer months, the the operator was soon able to picture method of becoming ac- If there is a lecture, by all speed up sections which did not quainted with the missionary means have it used. It will help show detailed action, and to slow work of the church is well worth to clear up many puzzling bits, down on those which did.

Instead of rushing through • Not yet available. two films, why not arrange a considering.

For Small Children Pictures article), was sponsored by the each and marked its location Are Best Harmon Foundation and the Af- with a red pin. rica Committee of the Foreign The flicker and movement of Missions Conference of North The study might have gone movie pictures are not any too America. "Song After Sorrow" further, but did not. To atgood for the eyes of the small is another new film which por- tempt to locate all Protestant children. Furthermore very lit- trays the magnificent work in churches in a city the size of tle of the motion pictures, de- one of the leper colonies in theirs would have taken more signed to interest and educate Africa. time than the enterprise was adults, is of value for children worth for that one study. But of pre-school age. Films like the two mentioned there, in visual form, lay the may perhaps be secured from information that, scattered all The nursery and beginner your mission board under the over their city, were many child should not, however, be same conditions as other films of churches which were working to neglected in the use of visual missionary work, or they may be make the city a more Christian education. One of the newest rented from the Harmon Foun- place in which to live. In those pieces of material, specifically dation. "Song After Sorrow," buildings, week after week, men planned for use with them, is may be rented direct from the and women and beiys and girls the picture set "Children and American Mission to Lepers, 156 gathered to study, to worship, Their Toys Around the World." Fifth Avenue, New York. and to have fellowship. It has eight pictures in color, and a leaflet with a short story Investigate the possibilities. Such a visualization of facts to go with each. This publica- Write to your mission board for gives children a real sense of tion of the Friendship Press sells information. Remember that being a part of something which for sixty cents and can be se- the number of copies of each film includes and yet is greater than cured through your denomina- is limited so that requests need their own local church group. It tional book store. to be made well in advance of the expands their horizon. It brings date desired. We know that one to their consciousness, in a way The pictures are directly re- group of films is dated up com- that mere spoken information lated to the child's interests. pletely for four months in cannot do, the realization of Each one shows a child of some advance. Others, not on the forces which are operating toother race or nation, with a toy country of the current study, day to rebuild the world in characteristic of his environ- may not require such advance Christian ways. ment. booking. Try the use of this form of visual education in the Maps, graphs and charts are This set should be part of the near future. We venture to say not to be limited to Juniors equipment of every Nursery and that you will plan to include it alone. They are good for any Beginners department. It might very definitely in your subse- age above Juniors. well be used in each child's own quent study. home. Individual pictures can Consider them for use in your then be hung in turn where the Using Maps with Juniors church or parish house lobby. Or child will enjoy them. in your meetings when you have When a Junior department five minutes to present some in- Sources for Religious and was making a study of The City, formation about missions which Missionary Movies as was suggested in the course, can best be imparted through they used their own city as the this form of visualization. The Most -of those reading these object of their study. small graphs and charts often columns are familiar with the sent out from Board headquarsources of missionary films. The The boys took a big map of ters, in materials for the inforimportant source for any church the town and mounted it on bea- mation of leaders, can easily be is its own missionary board. Ar- ver board. Starting with their enlarged to proportions such as rangements differ. Many mis- own community they set out to to make it possible for a large sionary boards loan the films discover and locate on the map group or an entire congregation free of charge, requiring only the position of the Protestant to see them. Color can be used payment of express charges both churches of their city. When to make them vivid in their enways. There is the additional they found the actual streets larged form, where only black cost of a projector which is running past their own church, and white was used in the printusually rented locally by the a red pin marked the spot on the ed form. church. map! They did the same with other churches of their neighbor- Never leave such materials The Harmon Foundation, 140 hood. Then they went further hanging for more than a week Nassau St., New York, N. Y., is afield. They secured the list of or two. You do not glance at another very important source. the churches of their own denom- that store window where the dis- Their charges are reasonable. ination in their town. What a play is the same week after Some of the Harmon Foundation surprise! Who would have week. Let your people become films have been prepared in co- guessed that in their own city accustomed to finding something operation with certain of the there were so many churches of new, fresh and worthwhile on mission boards. The Africa film, their own group? They located your display wall every week or "Ngono and Her People" (re- so. ferred to by Mrs. Ross in her

BULLETIN

Council of Women for Home Missions EDITED BY MISS EDITH E. LOWRY, 297 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y.

~======~~~==================== WITH THE MIGRANTS IN crops." It was while in "melons" family as they were growing up CALIFORNIA in Imperial that Maria had her and it took more and more and accident. According to her fa- it seemed that he made less and The bountiful state of Cali- ther: less. So at last they joined the fornia with its varying seasons, caravan of folks off to "the land luxuriant farms, and many in- "If I stay few more days to work of promise," California, to seek dustries is faced with the tre- in floods last winter and not go down their fortune. Theirs was a mendous problems. of migrant to Valley, maybe I not have the bad wreck of a car, a truck, with a people-people who trek from luck, but I go. It's cold. That day canvas over the top so that the crop to crop, starving in between our children left alone. This one, mother and children could sleep "prunes" and "cotton" because Maria, she think she make herself there and the father drove as there is never enough to go warm burning paper. She light it. many hours as he could to make around. When it is too hard to It catch her dress. This other one the trip as short as possible-it find food for three scanty meals she want to throw on water, but the took them fourteen days-a four a day, new clothes are out of the burning one, Maria, she scared, she to seven day trip in a decent car. question; and these people are so run out the door all flames till she The trip was made in the pourvery poor! fall; she fainting then. Her sweater, ing rain. They still shudder as it stops the flame from her face. She they remember the terrible ex- To help lighten their burden bur ned so bad, all over front. She in perience of losing a wheel on a and bring some necessary relief, hospital six months. Eighty-seven steep grade, and the "panthers" the Council of Women for Home skin grafts her mother give, but not that they could hear howling in Missions supports missionary much healing. I got no money, but the night, not to mention the nurses who serve these camps. hospital very good. The vallev too fiat tires that had to be fixed on Nursing and visiting the sick, hot for Maria, doctors say I must take the darkest roads. They felt that telling the story of the Gospel to Maria to where is cool; no more let- their crossing the mountains was the children, finding help here, tuce, no more melons, I go north to quite as trying as that of the eargiving help there, from dawn to 'prunes'; I take my family, and for lier "pioneers" of the covered dark they go and always leaving Maria it is cool. The doctor there wagon days. a little hope, a little comfort and say, 'you no live here,' you take Maria a great feeling of friendship. where you live. What I do? Maria They arrived during the mush- cannot live where is the heat; no room season, and, as they had Would you like to meet a few doctor where it is cool. .I feed my never had such a tasty dish they of these families who make their family? I must work. Doctor put living in crops? on one bandage, I keep Maria with me. I do all the best I know. I keep Take the family of John Wil- burn clean with feather. It no get liams-the children: Susanna, better. She seem sick; she no play born in the "grapes"; Maria, in like other children. Her dress, it hurts "melons·" ; E u p hem i a, in her burn, she walked stooped, like old "prunes" ; John, in "lettuce"; lady. We have cot just for her. We Raphael, in "nuts"; Josephine, move to 'cotton,' and you find her. She in "cotton." Truly children of afraid, she shake all over." the crops. Here there is hope expressed in his When the nurse came upon brightened countenance, he is encourthem she saw Maria walking aged, as he continues: very stooped so that her worn thin dress, her only garment, "You nurse, you find her. Her burn would not be touching her open so bad for so long; you come often, sore which covered her abdomen "ou do much for Maria. It take you and thighs. She was frightened long time, many bandages, much work as she stood before the nurse for you, but now Maria she all well. holding her dress away from her God bless you nurse ! We cannot say body with trembling fingers and how much we thank you. Now, no told her story. more cotton, we go to valley for 'let- tuce' and 'melons'; work for me, feed The family took to the road in my family. heat no hurt Maria now 1930 when the father lost his job -she well!" and joined the "Gypsies of the Then there is the White fam- ily from Oklahoma – father, mother, and four children. For ten years Mr. White had been the "handy man" in the little town that was their home. He made sixty to seventy dollars a month. That didn't keep his [371 ]

relished it more than they could cents. Forty men went out and They are healing now. The describe. Just by picking they picked one crate of spinach. druggist was afraid to undertake could have all they wanted to treatment because of the severity eat. But the season was soon A Mexican father doesn't of the burn, but the nurse over and such things are just a know what to do. He asks the "breathes a prayer" and gives memory. nurse. He explains that there is the necessary treatment for it is no more cotton to pick, and he sixty miles to a doctor, and be- A Brief Round in Camp only has beans for his family to sides there is no money. The Visiting eat. The nurse has no alterna- druggist thinks it is the "prayer" tive but to suggest "relief." The Leaving the nurse's home, we father is proud, and explains, "I that did it-healing, he thinks, go seventeen miles on good high- never ask for that in all time. I was impossible otherwise. way, then eight miles on an just move here. My wife she sick adobe road, then the last half at heart, no can work much; I On to another camp and the mile over what is supposed to sick in stomach, cannot work all road is still slippery, and it is be a road, and into the camp, time." ten miles distant. This camp is thirty cabins in all. Separated from these are some larger cab- Drive toward the foothills and built beside a canal. Here the ins-these for the "permanent" on this road there are three Council nurse spent much time, help. It is wash-day. Tubs of camps. Roads impassable in effort and energy toward solving water are being heated over fires rainy weather. It is ten miles to built outside; clothes lines the first. the problem of sanitation. The stretched between cabins filled grower was very cooperative. with clean garments of all kinds, shapes and sizes. Some families asked the camp Over one tub is a Mexican EYE CLINIC IN A MIGRANT GENTER mother, rubbing away on a washboard, and beside her is her The nurse recalls that this manager concerning the nurse's three-year-old, the youngest of camp was one of her most un- authority, and the grower issued nine. He has on two sweaters sanitary camps, so much so that and a coat, and a dark cloth tied the camp manager remarked to the order that if families did not around his head. her, "I believe these children are cooperate with the nurse that the dirtiest of all cotton camps." they would be moved out. Camp The nurse discovers that the That can't be said now. The child has a temperature. She camp manager and the campers and cabins were cleaned. Five explains that he must be kept in gamblers who had caused the bed, and she takes the child by too were most cooperative in nurse no little concern, were the hand, leads him into the cab- changing things. Health kits moved out. Order prevailed. in, the mother follows and a containing wash cloth, soap, little pallet is made in the corner The sentiment of the people of the cabin. His clothing is re- tooth-brush, and comb, were moved and he is slipped into a given to the children. whom the nurse serves is best pair of warm sleepers that the expressed by the tribute to the nurse finds among her clothing The nurse inquires. about Mr. nurse by a country doctor who supplies. That dark rag is re- Gonzales who was burned so bad- depends. on their help to bring moved from the only window in ly at Christmas, and discovers healing and health to these mithe cabin, and she explains to that he has learned that she is in grants. "So much is heard and the mother that there must be camp and is getting the "water read nowadays of organizations sunlight. The mother im't un- boiling" for her to use in dress- and agencies. doing this and that derstanding why the cloth should for the migrants, but the one not be about her child's head, be- ing the wound. He has learned cause she explains, "Baby sick that it had to boil ten minutes who does the most and the most in the head," but she is willing worthwhile thing in helping the to do as the nurse says, and does before she could use it. First migrant is the little missionary not miss a word of the nurse's and second degree burns were on nurse who rarely ever gets one instructions to "rub the child's chest four times daily with warm his left shoulder and upper arm line of printed matter concerncamphorated oil; give plenty of ing her work in the paper." water and fluids, and keep baby -he had fallen on the stove. in bed."

It is late in the cotton season, and many people are not working. Some have gone out to pick spinach but so little could be made they didn't stay. One man explained that he had made ten

World–wide

A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events ~ EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO ~'================================-~~ LATIN AMERICA fered the boys. Near Saltillo, weekly broadcast of religious boys are taught in school to programs. 'A Latin American Cooperation in a Church Bell make rope, and other articles Youth Conference is planned for from raw materials they have February, 1940, in Lima, Peru. We all know about the denom- raised. They learn the art of inational cooperation am 0 n g making dyes, and using them. -Christian Century. Christian forces in Puerto Rico; At the same school, the boys of the union enterprises which farm a tract of land, raise cat- Among South American include a theological seminary, tle, hogs and bees. Indians book store, newspaper, university pastor, e~change of pulpits, Culture Missions, something The treaty signed between and other manifestations of the like an Institute, are held at in- Bolivia and Paraguay leaves the cooperative spirit; but this spir- tervals all over Mexico. For a way open for Christian work it does not end with formal en- period of ten days, five or six among pagan Indians of both terprises. When the Yauco Bap- educators meet with teachers for countries, especially in the Chatist Church, for example, had a lectures and discussion, with co area between the two. Var- 500 pound bell that would not graphs, charts and posters. Such ious indepe!ldent organizations fit its tower, and the Ensenada subjects as the cause and cure of have expanded their work among Presbyterian Church had a large eye trouble, or the digestive Bolivian Indians; while the tower but no bell, the Presby- processes, are presented. This South American Missionary Soterians bought a small bell and is work along constructive lines. ciety has completed fifty years gave it to the Yauco Baptists, of work in the Paraguayan Chawhile they in turn presented the Protestant Youth in South co. In Chile, the same mission Presbyterians with their 500 America has developed a work among pound bell. Mapuche Indians, two of whom The Protestant young people's have been ordained deacons. Rural Schools in Mexico organizations of Argentina and Uruguay held their second bien- In the Argentine Chaco, work The Federal Government has nial conference last April, with has been most encouraging. At put in operation some very prac- more than 100 delegates, repre- Easter 68 adults were baptized, tical ideas in rural education. senting seven denominations, in and a new area has been opened. Two groups of Southern Metho- attendance. There were three The Unevangelized Fields Misdist missionaries visited a num- visiting delegates from Brazil. sion has continued its pioneer ber of these rural schools last The program centered around work among Kayapo Indians of year, and their impressions are the deepening of spiritual life, Amazonia, who, it will be rereported in the World Outlook. and the challenge of the present membered, killed three mission- Almost every country school has day to young Christians. Three aries (the "three Freds") in a little store which the children things stood out: first, interest 1935. themselves manage, thus learn- in a g g res s i v e evangelism; ing how to buy and sell and order second, a passion for closer co- -International Review of Missupplies, such as pencils, tablets, operation in Christian service, sions. crayons, cookies, etc. Some have irrespective of denominational kitchens where the children differences, and a sense that After the Earthquake in Chile learn how to prepare many vari- Protestant Christians are bound eties of food. One school visited by a common loyalty to Jesus Reconstruction work is under maintained a barber shop, while Christ; finally, a desire that way in Chile, following the dispractically all of them raised Christian forces may reach out astrous earthquake, and at pressome living thing -chickens, into the realms of popular litera- ent there is a huge construction rabbits or pigeons. ture and social life. camp at Chillan, located there for months. Military authorities Nearly every school has an an- In these two republics, young have permitted Mr. William M. nual exhibit of needlework, and people's work is organized under Strong to open a center for rest there are special projects to be two national federations. Each and evangelism right in the undertaken by high school girls; publishes a religious monthly, in- heart of this vast encampment, perhaps a layette for a baby formative and well edited. For -its only place of diversion. brother, or her graduation out- several years the Argentine fedfit, while manual training is of- eration has maintained a bi- Evangelical workers were left practically unharmed by the [373 ] earthquake, says Mr. Strong. He

adds that when in 1757 half of Franco occupied Catalonia, evan- Church shall transfer the right Concepcion sank beneath the gelical churches were not inter- of the use of certain cathedrals, surface in a similar cataclysm, fered with, but it is reported that yet to be named, to the Hitler blasphemy, drunkenness and in- those in Barcelona are closed, Elite Guard for their neo-pagan decency were put aside for a though it is believed to be only ceremonies. long time; and asks if perhaps a temporary measure. a similar result will follow this All three demands were relatest catastrophe. -The Christian. fused on the ground that the Di- rectorate was not empowered to EUROPE The "Church of the Den" make any such decision. The demands were issued by the On the Montmartre, Paris Long before Wycliffe and chief of police over the head of Hus were born, the Waldenses the State's church minister, who The Tabernacle Church on the preached the Gospel which re- is reported to have fallen into Montmartre has a corps of de- formers afterward taught in disfavor among the radical elevoted workers. M. Charlet, an Europe. A few months ago a ment of the government; a reevangelist, was a merchant, a group of British tourists visited port that is coupled with the Parisian skeptic, whom God the great cavern known as "the statement that the "Gestapo" called to the ministry of preach- church in the den.". During the (secret police) are sick and tired ing. Andre Fune is son of a time of the persecution of the of the whole church business. French farmer, who is working Waldenses this cavern was used at real financial sacrifice with as a secret place for worship and Encouragement in the Ukraine his wife, a registered nurse. In study of the Bible. Access to it 1925 a young Swiss engineer, Al- is obtained by crawling through September 25, 1938, was the fred Escher, gave up a career to a narrow tunnel formed in the 950th anniversary of the foundserve this mission church. Fif- long past by a terrific upheaval, ing of the Ukrainian Lutheran teen Hollanders have found when the great rocks fell into Church. At that time a Harvest Christ in these meetings. M. the position which they occupy Festival was celebrated in Stan- Jacques Blocher, trained in the today. From the tunnel one islau, when people came from University of Paris and in the emerges into an immense nat- every direction, by wagon, train Bible Institute, Minneapolis, is ural cathedral, the only shaft of or on foot. All Evangelical Luanother worker. M. and Mme. light coming through an aper- therans participated in a com- Dumesil sold their property at ture in the roof. In this spot munion service, creating a pro- Dieulefit to serve as unpaid vol- hallowed by the prayers of mar- found impression upon all those unteers. M. Memmert came in tyrs a feeling of awe came over present. The Stanislau pastor, 1933 after careful preparation the visitors-a feeling that ex- Rev. Theodore J arczuk, writes in the Bible school of Pastor tended to the muleteers who had of the victories of the Gospel of Saillens at Nogent-sur-Marne guided them to it. They rever- Christ among these people: "The and in Glasgow. This does not ently removed their hats upon results of this Harvest Festival exhaust the list. entering. One of them ap- led to arrangement for a similar proached the leader of the tour- service for the Reformation An effective agency is the Gos- ist party and said, hesitantly, Festival on October 2:0. Attenpel poster; 500 of these have "If Monsieur prayed?" And so, dance was even greater. Those been put up in Paris and sub- with bowed heads and hearts up- who passed the chapel were asurbs. Many persons have bought lifted to the Saviour of all, Eng- tonished at the crowd of people, copies of the Scriptures as a re- lish, Irish and Italian, each and said: 'These Lutherans besult. Sometimes professional praised Him there for the past, lieve in God.' The Festival conbill pOosters tear them down; and asked His help in the future cluded with the singing of 'A sometimes unexpected results for the Waldensian Church. Mighty Fortress Is Our God.' In are produced in connection with many different ways the work other posters. For example, a Confessional Church Crisis was advanced." poster announcing a grand ball, had this significant addition at- Three new demands made on Pastor J arczuk writes further: tached: "And after it is over?" the Confessional Church by the Most of this work is done by the German chief of police, Hein- It has long been the custom of young people of the Tabernacle. rich Himmler, indicate that the Lutheran Ukrainians to worship on struggle between the Church and Epiphany at the bank of a river, in -So S. Times. State is nearing a decisive phase. commemo"ation of the preaching of These demands, as reported by John the Baptist at the River Jordan. Gospel Work in Spain the New York Times, were: 1. A few months ago such a service was The Confessional Church shall held on the banks of the Dniester. Reports vary considerably in relinquish its claim to a share of The crowd was constantly augmented, regard to the prospects for evan- the church tax. 2. The Confes- the nearer it came to the river. From gelical work in Spain, now that sional Church shall surrender its all neighboring villages came the folthe war has ended. Protestant status as a corporation of pub- lowers of the Gospel and the curious. churches are permitted to open lic right. 3. The Confessional At the place where the service was to in some centers, in others they be held, thousands of persons had alremain closed. When General ready gathered, listening with the greatest interest to every word of the service. Among those present were some who had come to disturb the serv-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ice. From the other side of the river at Memia, found no sale for her to work with God in the planta group of agitators came across in a pictures and turned to fruit cul- ing and working of their garboat. As they were crossing one of ture, finally gave that up also; dens.-American Board News. their number cried out: "Either I and offered her home to the Miswill throw the Lutheran pastors into sion. There was no money to "Separatist" Groups the water or will drown myself." But buy, but she agreed to rent and when the service began they listened, now the Mission is established These religious. groups in the and the longer they listened the more there. Union of South Africa number attentive they became. Soon the an- over 500, ilccording to official ger faded; they took off their caps The entire Bible is available figures. Similar movements are and began to nod approvingly. At in Kabyle; portions have been found in other parts of Africa. the close of the service the young man put into the Berber dialects of Whatever may be the underlywho avowed that he would throw us Morocco. So far, the Scriptures ing cause of the rise of these into the water joined our brethren and are almost the only literature in sects, they are hindering the began to make known his sympathy. these dialects. spiritual growth of the African Church. In general, the separa- AFRICA School in Elephant Land tist groups are formed by those who are moved by personal am- The "Book of Manne'rs" Children from the kraals of bition or who wrongly interpret southern Rhodesia attend schools the Scriptures; by those who are Mrs. E. M. Bailey, of the which are merely thatched roof seeking to avoid discipline or United Presbyterian Mission at sheds, and these are often de- have been disciplined by the rec- Minia, Egypt, writes that one stroyed by herds of roaming ele- ognized churches. Sometimes the of the most encouraging things phants. In these so-called "light movements spring from reasons that has happened in the Chris- houses" it costs about $1.40 which are racial or political, or tian school in a long time is the apiece to give the children an from the hope that in the ecclesivoluntary request of some of the elementary education, and is astical sphere the African will graduates for a special Bible their only chance to secure one. be able fo obtain a freedom of class. They are now in a gov- Of this sum, the government action which is denied him in ernment secondary school and supplies 68 cents, the American the political. Owing to the high they find there an atmosphere of Board contributes 30 cents and proportion of illiteracy among profanity and rudeness very dif- the pupil must somehow find the the rank and file of the African ferent from the Christian school other 42 cents, and also buy his people it is always possible for where they grew up. They are books. This would barely sup- a leader of strong personality, coming on a free afternoon to ply movie tickets for the Amer- by specious promises to carry study the Bible and have brought ican child, but we read of one numbers of people with him into several of their new Moslem lad who walked six miles.. each the body which he forms. schoolmates with them. One of way, to cut grass for six cents them, when the Bibles were a day; sold tomatoes from his -Congo Mission News. brought out, asked what they mother's tiny garden, and finally, were. A Moslem girl from last to complete the 42 cents walked WESTERN ASIA year's graduating class replied: six miles with a bunch of bana- "That's the book we get our man- nas on his head to sell them for a Another Side of Palestine ners out of." few cents. Picture Among the Berbers In the same section of Africa It is heartening to sight some there is conducted each year an islands in the sea of trouble Monsieur Warren, of the Paris interesting ceremony called "The which is Palestine. One is what Evangelical Missionary Society, Seed and Hoe Consecration has been described as a "boom" has recently visited the stations Service," a blending of long es- in Christian education. The of the North Africa Mission in tablished African custom and C. M. S. Girls' School at Amman Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco. Christian practice. Men, women has the confidence of prominent In The Link he describes the and children come with seeds Moslem families, and is looking curious Berber villages of flat- and hoes. The pastor recalls how toward a boarding department roofed houses, reminiscent of the the people would bring grain to for village girls. The Bishop's adventure of the spies in Jericho the chief to be blessed so that it School for Boys in the same (for Berber tradition has it that might be productive. "Here," town is becoming a cultural centhe Berbers are the descendants he points out, "we are bringing ter, and pupils of the different of Canaan's inhabitants, driven grain and hoes to God for His communities are mixing without out by Joshua). This sturdy blessing on our work." At Chik- strain in these schools. A race is not deeply grounded in ore, Rev. Frank T. Meacham re- marked increase of interest in Mohammedanism, and therefore ports that the Community Dem- social work is noted; large nummore or less open to the Gospel. onstrator spoke on the parable bers of the elder boys and girls More than fifty years ago, the of the Sower and then represent- volunteered to teach in daily vafounder of the North Africa atives of the congregation stood cation Bible schools during the Mission was interested in them, before the altar and repeated a summer holidays, and took a but the door was not open for pledge consecrating themselves deep interest in the thousand or evangelization. Years later, an English lady-artist built a home

more children who attended the taught that there is no God, no tees. An interesting experiment score of schools held. use in prayer, and that educated calculated to abolish purdah was people have ceased to be be- the formation of a "family cir- Christian medical work stands lievers. cle" in one constituency, with a out. There is a new hospital at view to promoting inter-commu- Es Salt, and a small temporary On the other hand, there is nal friendship and inculcating a clinic is at work in Jerash. Other developing a more open-minded healthy sense of freedom among hospitals and dispensaries report attitude towards many matters, the sexes, and to encourage increasing work. It seems cer- including religion; and although sport. tain that the spirit of Christ is there is no wide-open door for at work, and new hope has arisen Gospel preaching in Turkey, the Thus Hindu, Mohammedan, that the land sacred to three re- evangelist can get a hearing if Sikh, Parsee and Christian womligions may again become a land there is no suspicion that his en are cooperating for the uplift of peace. message has any political bear- of India's Women. . -International Review of Mis- ing. There is a free field for -Women's Missionary Maga- the circulation of Christian liter- sions. ature; and the Scriptures, which zine. have been published in Latin Palestine After Eighteen Years script, are selling readily. In Soviet Combats Missions the Istanbul area it has been Moses Bailey, writing in The found that the establishment M The Bombay Press Service re- American Friend, describes the small, scattered prayer groups ports': changes he observed in Palestine among the members of the Evanwhen he returned after an ab- gelical and Oriental churches has The Soviet Russian Godless League sence of 18 years. Better roads, served to strengthen and encour- has decided to establish international more land under cultivation, in- age them in life and witness. schools in Moscow to train propacreased orange groves, shade ganda experts to combat the missiontrees, irrigation systems, modern -International Review of Mis- ary work of the Christian Church in ways of doing things, were su- sions. the colonies, especially the humanitarperficial changes first noted. Per- ian and cultural work. Indians, Nehaps the tremendously increased INDIA AND BURMA groes and Arabians will be among the hatred, fear and economic insta- candidates to be trained in these bility might also be signs of Years of Progress :schools. modernity. In the midst of all this it is difficult to train boys The All-India Women's Con- The Bulletin adds: and girls for a useful life. Fiery ference is the acknowledged adnationalists' idea of education is vocate of the women of India, According to information received to have their wits sharpened the without any distinction of creed, in London, special propaganda cambetter to supplant their oppo- caste or class. It has a mem- paign for British India is announced nents. bership of over 8,500. At its by the Riga press bureau of the God- 13th session, about 200 delegates less League. The campaign includes, Mr. Bailey finds two outstand- were in attendance. The criti- among other things, the scattering of ing attributes in the Arab mind: cism that the Conference was 10,000 Russian atheists throughout a genius for friendship and a only for ladies of leisure was re- India. keenness for hard study, not futed, for the delegates were surpassed in any other race, so mostly teachers, doctors and oth- The same facts have been notfar as he has observed. Friend- er workers. ed in European papers. liness and ability form a combination that can go far. There The work of the conference Plea for Economy are two disadvantages, however, during the past year has been as Mr. Bailey sees it; religion, constructive and extensive. Pub- The Soc i a I Reconstruction whether Christian or Moslem, is lic opinion has been enlightened Committee of the American materialistic; and the fact that as to divorce, polygamy and the Marathi Mission presented to the the Arab feels first and thinks legal disabilities of women. Ag- Annual Meeting of the Council afterward; this makes them a ricultural improvement and a recommendation on family fertile field for the demagogue. home industries, such as leather problems, among them the ex- work, clay modeling and needle- travagant marriage c u s tom s Materialism in Turkey work, have been organized in prevalent in the Indian Chris- several centers. Considerable tian community. It was urged The westernization of Turkey attention had been paid to ma- that all Indian Christians and goes on apace; so much so that ternity and child welfare, and especially mission workers armissionaries are saying that it is clinics providing free medical range only simple and inexpennot primarily Mohammedanism, treatment, and in some cases sive weddings, without giving but materialism with which they free milk and clothing, had been dinners to the community, or have to deal. In many govern- established at some centers. The spending money on bands, on ment schools there is not only insanitary condition of certain processions, on lights or on rich no religious. and moral teaching schools and mill areas had been clothing for bride, bridegroom given, but distinct anti-religious tackled by a few health commit- or relatives; and without borteaching. The children are rowing any money for the occa- sion. To encourage those who would prefer to arrange wed- dings within their means, but who yield to the pressure of so- cial opinion, it was recommended

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

that Christians should not attend reminded of it by one of the augurate a New Life Movement, extravagant wedding festivities. women, a fact in itself encour- with the following objectives as aging. So a meeting was called their goal: It was further recommended to plan the campaign, and in- that all mission schools and in- stead of the six women expected, No filth in the house or around it. stitutions should introduce prac- eighteen presented themselves Every Christian wear clean clothes. tical projects which through ex- for Instructions. No debts contracted through mar- perience will teach all students riage, and workers the value of money The women were divided into No excessive interest. and how to use it; and will also groups of three or four, and each No expensive feasts. definitely discourage them from group was assigned a definite All disputes settled out of court. going into debt. number of homes to visit; thus Punctuality, all the homes in one village were Cleansing of tobacco from personal -Dnyanodaya. visited in an afternoon. In two and social life. homes the workers were asked No liquor. Bhil Christians to pray; those who asked for Adoption of a salutation-folding this said they had faith, but to hands and saying namascaram. The story of Christian Work accept Christ openly was a dif- At least one-tenth to Church, Chris- among the Bhils goes back to ferent matter. tian work and charity. the year 182'8, when a British Wiping out the remnants of caste. officer, an earnest Christian, was Mrs. Whitcomb went with a Family devotions every day. in charge of Rajputana, and in different group each day, and No recreation that cannot be taken his administration of the district was deeply moved by the ear- in the name of the Lord Jesus. prayed for the day when these nestness of these women in giv- A cooperative in every village people might hear the Gospel. ing their testimony. Their spirit (Kagawa method), But it was not until 1878 that of good will was contagious, and Wiping out of illiteracy. steps were taken to found a Mis- great benefit came to the work- Cottage industries in every home. sion among these aboriginal ers themselves, for they con- tribes. The C. M. S. put an ap- trasted the hopelessness of the -National Christian Council peal in the church papers for a villagers with the blessings of Review. missionary to go to the Bhil Christianity. country, and two years later a CHINA young recruit went out. After -Outlook of Missions. ten years of uphill work, results A Visitor's Impressions began to appear, and by 1892 Political Advance Helps there was a small Bhil Christian Evangelism A traveler visiting nine out- Church. Coming down to 1939, stations and one main station how has this Mission fared? A A writer in the Missionary of the China Inland Mission, re- recent report says that churches Herald argues that the obstacle marks that three things im- have been .established in nine to progress represented by finan- pressed her especially: the ear- main centers with a total mem- cial retrenchment will turn into nestness of the women, their de- bership of 1047. Schools have a stepping stone to indigenous s,ire to learn and their extreme been opened and there are now evangelization, and the steady poverty. In every place women over 500 pupils in them. building up of an indigenous walked from one to four miles church, because of the political in the early morning, bringing There is also a well developed development of the past year or just a few pieces of dry bread medical work. Presbyterians two. India has taken a long for the noon meal, and would sit have a mission among the same stride toward independence, and on hard benches all day study- people, and many thousands have from now on is ruling herself as ing a hymn, memorizing a bit been baptized in the last few never before; so also she is be- of Scripture, struggling over a years. ginning to realize that she must few characters. When the last also evangelize herself. This is meeting was over they would The work is quiet and inten- the trend of India's Christian trudge back 3 to 8 l~-not only s i ve; sporadic persecution movement; self-government not complaining, but pathetically . breaks out from time to time, but must be paralleled by self evan- grateful for the privilege of the missionaries carryon faith- .gelization. coming. Wind, cold, heat, in no fully the activities of schools, way deterred them, and they hospital, evangelism and pastor- In the light of this conclusion, s,eemed never to tire of meetings, al care. -C. M. S. Outlook. the United Theological College seldom less than two hours long. of Western India is redoubling They have a very real faith. and Women Volunteers its efforts to supply a trained to listen to their stories of an- ministry, and thus do a work of swered prayer is impressive. For some years at Baitalpur, strategic importance for India's Many are in direst economic it has been the custom for Chris- future. straits, yet not one asked for tian women to volunteer for financial help; many eve n evangelistic service in the neigh- Indian "New Life Movement" brought gifts of eggs or sweet boring villages. Mrs. E. W. potatoes to the Mission. Whitcomb who went to Baital- As an outcome of the Mara- pur after furlough knew noth- mon Conference, Christians of The visitor mentions the prev- ing of this custom, but was Travancore have decided to in- alence of demon possession. One saw and heard much of the pow- ers of darkness. In one instance

two Christian workers knelt for now is to institute a movement tians gave cause for alarm, as it two hours beside the afflicted for socialized reform compatible extended to local shops and even person in continuous prayer be- with the aspirations of all pro- necessary food was unobtainable fore release was finally given. gressive people. Portraits of for a time, but happily normal Lenin ruld Stalin have been re- conditions have been resumed. -China's Millions. placed by those of Sun Yat-sen One unfortunate result was the and Chiang Kai~shek. This has apostasy of a whole family of Reveals War Conditions been amply corroborated by oth- Christians with the exception of ers who know China; and this one of its members; and this cir- The Presbyterian Mission in destroys the point of J apanes.e cumstance was the more painful Peiping received the following assertion that they are fighting since the head of that family had letter in Chinese, written by an bolshevism. professed Christianity for nearevangelist living 30 miles outside ly forty years. of Peiping. This is the trans- Future of Medical Missions lation: More Gospels are entering Dr. K. C. Wong, Secretary of Tibet than ever before. Last Do not turn your face away from the Council of Medical Missions, year, with the financial support this my letter. But incline your ear says that of 217 mission hospi- of the National Bible Society of to your evangelist, a man filled with tals 81 were (in March) in "oc- Scotland, an adventurous jour': grief. Since my eyes last saw you I cupied areas," 82 in "fighting ney of two months was underhave been as a tree without leaves. I zones" and but 54 in "free Chi- taken by two evangelists who rehave suffered from one new moon to na." A survey made some ported the acceptance of hunthe other. The church members have months earlier showed that of dreds of copies of the Gospel. passed through four calamities: war, 34 mission hospitals in east Chibanditry, flood and famine. In this na 11 had been bombed or de- During the first three months our country there is no law, there is stroyed, 12 had been damaged of its existence, the "Gospel no peace. Bandits entered our town. or looted, 7 were "occupied" and Inn," of which mention has been They came with big shouting, they left 4 were closed. Since this re- made in these columns, more in clouds of black smoke. As a whirl- port some have been recovered than 800 travelers and pilgrims, wind they went over the land. Spoil- and opened, but almost every 700 ponies, yaks and donkeys ing and violence was before them. At week one or more has been dam- found shelter and more than 2'00 random they killed young and old. aged or destroyed. patients were treated for minor And they considered it but nothing to ailments. A capable Bible womrope seventy of our men together and Dockors and nurses are sadly an and her husband are in throw them into the river. In a well overworked, with most of their charge of the Inn. Beside the near our church twenty-eight women Chinese staff gone. However, daily Gospel talk, each lodger reand girls found death in escape from European refugees have ren- ceives a tract, or buys a Gospel their hands. Young Mrs. Wang, the dered ass,istance. So overwhelm- before he leaves. A public liwife of him who tends the sick in the ing are immediate demands that brary and reading room have mission hospital, was one of them, there has been no time to plan been established, where daily also Mrs. Yang and her daughter, for the future. Relief funds will papers and magazines are availwhom you know. In wartime life is not last forever; doctors cannot able. Another plan to extend the truly cheap. The iniquity of our time run one-man hospitals indefinite- usefulness of the Inn is that of is fiercer than evening wolves. The ly with from 100 to 200 clinical opening a grocery, where tired bandits trampled down the harvest, patients daily besides their in- pilgrims may buy such necessiburned our homes, kidnapped the girls, patients. Before the war many ties as tea, butter, flour and keroand plundered the stores. They took of these hospitals were practical- sene. Judging from the extent away our donkeys and drove our pigs ly self-supporting but for the to which this has been used, the before them. missionaries' salaries. Now the new venture is a success. supporting constituency has fled. Thou, Shepherd-teacher, will re- -Moravian Missions. member how the people used to sing 'One conspicuously efficient as taught at the evangelistic meetings. hospital recently was approached JAPAN -CHOSEN Now everyone is quiet. The men look by the Japanese to rent or to worried, the women have forgotten sell the plant to them, and it is Christianity Gets Official how to smile. For many, death seems reported that a refusal will be Status more desirable than life. A great met by the challenge of a new many have no home, no clothing, no hospital designed far to outshine The 74th Japanese Diet has remoney. 0, thou who art safe out of the mission institution. cently passed all the 89 bills inthis spot of calamity, incline thine ear troduced, not one being rejected and knit the little thread of our hope -The Christian Century. or even altered materially. The into a rope of victory. enactment of the "Religious In Western Tibet Bodies Bill," which in one form -Evangelical Christian. or another has for 40 years been Rev. Walter Asboe, Moravian a bone of contention in legisla- What About the Communists? missionary, reports both encour- tive circles, may have great or agement and disappointment in little significance for Christian- One who has lived long in Chi- the Tibet field. A severe boycott ity depending on what happens na, in a personal letter to a of missionaries and native Chris- in other respects. While acfriend, throws light on a question often asked: Is China going "red"? This writer says that Chinese communists have abandoned many of their ideological concepts, originating in Russia, and much of their violence ; they are now Chinese, first and foremost; their aim

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

knowledging the right to reli- anese laymen and of mission- and surgical work is done by one gious freedom guaranteed by the aries; one half are to be chosen foreign and one Korean doctor. constitution, the bill puts all re- from eastern Japan, and one ligious organizations under the half from western Japan. In 1938, the company spent regulation of the Ministry of over 60,000 yen for this medical Education. Creedal positions and Large Bible rallies in Tokyo service. There were treated in forms of worship must be ac- and Osaka give evidence of a de- the wards, dispensary and the ceptable to the authorities; ad- termined spirit in this move- surrounding villages more than ministrative, legal and property ment. -Bible Society Record. 40,000 patients (this is a record affairs must conform to regula- of treatments-not different pations, and all changes must be Chinese Y. M. C. A. Suppressed tients) . There were more than promptly reported. 400 major operations. Of the The Tokyo correspondent for treatments more than 10,000 Some Christians say that the The Christian Century made a were for outsiders. No charge new bill merely legalizes condi- visit to the parts of the city is made to anyone, but patients tions long in force; that Chris- where formerly many Chinese not employed by the company tianity is now specifically recog- resided and where the Y. M. must pay for their own drugs nized as one of Japan's' three C. A. and other cultural institu- and operating material. The accepted faiths, hence prejudice tions sought to serve those from company has never been known on the part of petty officials can the Celestial Kingdom. Chinese to refuse to send their doctor to no longer be a handicap; that are there still, but both Chinese distant villages to see seriously the new legal status accorded and Christian institutions as sick Koreans. both denominations and local such have disappeared. There communions will prove of advan- was a great exodus of Chinese -Korean Mission Field. tage in penetrating conservative students from Japan in the sumand bigoted regions; and that mer of 1937. Now hundreds of What Medicine Has Done for the bill will discourage the devel- Chinese youths are again com- Chosen opment of superstitious faiths of ing to Tokyo for study-this all sorts. The danger of state time from the occupied regions To form a correct appreciaregulation is minimized. of China. But who now will tion of the part played by medi- help them as did the Y. M. and cine in the regeneration of Ko- -Christian Century. Y. W. C. A. and the churches in rea, says Dr. O. R. Avison, one the days when Sun Yat-sen, Chi- must know what were the con- "Nippon Seisho Kyokwai" ang Kai-shek and C. T. Wang ditions when Protestant missions were occasional sojourners there entered the country in 1884. This is the name of the Japan and had many friends in Tokyo Even forty years ago, practical- Bible Society, recently organ- interested not in the politics but ly everybody was pock marked. ized. It marks another step in in the souls of these youthful All children were expected to the cooperative plans of the seekers after truth? have smallpox before the age of older Bible Societies, and reveals two; so many of them died that the courageous way the younger Medical Work in Mines mothers thought it hardly worth churches are rising to increased while to count a child as a memresponsibilities. One of the Th e Oriental Consolidated ber of the family until he had things that stood out clearly at Mining Company in Korea is survived this disease. An epithe Madras Conference was the known as the American Mines. demic of Asiatic cholera was exfact that these younger churches Its president from the beginning pected every five or six years. have made great strides. Many until he died in 1927 was Henry Both diseases were attributed to of them have grown up in lands C. Perkins of New York who, the power of demons. There was where Christianity was unknown throughout his life, had a deep no knowledge at all of sanitaless than two hundred years ago. interest in the lives of the min- tion ; vermin were abundant; ers and their families, one evi- excrement from human beings Many Japanese Christian lead- dence being the maintenance of infected with all sorts of intesers have been concerned that the medical care for these workers. tinal parasites was used as fer- Scriptures in use in Japan bore tilizer, and raw vegetables eaten the imprint of foreign Bible So- Much could be said of the gen- unwashed, or washed in polluted cieties; and after a number of eral policies of this company; water. Flies had access to conconferences of representatives how it has never been in the taminated places, and to good; of the foreign societies and their courts, has always paid at least mosquitoes were uncontrolled. Japanese advisory committees, a one yearly dividend; never fluc- Those ill with contagious disconstitution was drawn up and tuated prices nor padded its re- eases were not isolated. ratified last October. The essen- ports, but there is space only to tial objectives are the same as speak of the medical work. The One day Dr. Avison was walkthose of Western societies: the company maintains a little hos- ing outside the city gate when translation, publication and dis- pital with room for 25 to 30 in- he saw a strange sight-the tribution of the Scriptures, with- patients. Through a dispensary corpse of a child that had died out note or comment. The gov- and clinic connected with the of smallpox. Here was an operning body is composed equally hosuital 75 or more patients go portunity to pit the strength of of Japanese ministers, of Jap- daily except Sundays. Medical vaccination against the power of

a demon, if only he could be al- and have no Christian influence. from the war scene in Spain, or lowed to try. At first, all offers There are about 4,000 Japanese again it might fit the picture of were refused. Finally, a Chris- Christians living in Formosa. a Jewish refugee group on the tian mother agreed to let him see One hopeful sign for the future border of Czechoslovakia. But what he could do. Her child is the keenness and activity of no, it happened in the U. S. A.; passed its second year and then the Christian youth in Formosa. the pitiful procession was made its third without taking small- up of "sharecroppers" in Mispox; after that other mothers -International Review of souri, evicted from their shanwere anxious to try the new way. Missions. ties because, allegedly, landown- This incident opened the door to ers wished to change from tendisease prevention, and in time In Netherlands Indies ants to day laborers. the government made vaccination compulsory. Today, small- . The first Christian book in One More Poll Needed pox is rare. Javanese, other than the Bible, appeared in 1938. It is a child's We have "had plenty of "polls." -Korea Mission Field. Life of Christ entitled "The King Weare asked how we shall vote of Love." It originally appeared in 1940; even personal habits ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC in Arabic, then in Urdu, then are inquired into, so that we Persian. Christian work among know how everybody feels; but "For Value Received" young people in both Java and why not have a poll as to what Sumatra is being steadily pro- the churches intend to do about Filipino Christians are assum- moted. Annual conferences and the missionary enterprise? ing more and more responsibil- a Christian newspaper are some Would it not be possible to ask ity for work, which a few years of the means used. Autonomous 100,000 people in typical churchago had to be done, if at all, by churches are to be found in dif- es some such questions as: the missionaries. For example, ferent areas of the Indies, but in the wife of a Filipino professor some sections missionary work (1) Do I really believe that Jesus at Silliman University is teach- is forbidden by the government; started the missionary method, and ing music while the missionary in northern Sumatra and in Bali, believed that. His Gospel would evenhead of the department is absent for example, but Christians from tually win the world? on furlough. "Don't worry about other localities settle in these salary," she said. "Silliman gave areas, bringing their faith and (2) Do I really believe that my anme my education, and if I can witness with them. The fact cestors received civilization and every be of service I shall be glad." that now for the first time in uplifting ideal they possessed through One of the assistant professors Borneo the Asiatic ministry of Christian missionaries? Clearly this has started a flourishing cooper- the Church exceeds the Euro- seems true, and how anyone can doubt ative in Dumaguete; while an pean holds out hope for the fu- our obligation to share similar lifeinstructor is teaching local farm- ture. giving and level-lifting Christian ers how to make better use of ideals is beyond understanding. their resources. Still another -International Review of goes regularly to the small Missions. (3) Despite taxes, losses, fears, but churches to help with the music. admitting most of us still live in com- NORTH AMERICA fortable homeR and eat thrice a day, -Monday Morning. do I really believe that an annual per Where Did This Happen? capita gift of fifty cents per member Christianity in Formosa in our denomination proves our part- Last January the New York nership in a progressive and victori- Restrictions have been placed Times published a news story ous enterprise like winning a world on Christian work in Formosa, from which the paragraph be- for the Gospel of Christ? as elsewhere in the Japanese low is taken. Missions reprinted empire. Efforts have been made it and asked its readers to guess (4) Do I really believe that our to force all Formosan household- what part of the world the story missionaries exert important influers to set up miniature Shinto came from. ences for world peace, and that shrines, and neglect to do so has through them we are aidinp.: in the led to trouble in some districts. Along two highways more than progress of the Kingdom of God? This order is as unacceptable to 1,000 men, women and children non-Christians as to Christians, camped in the open air. They hud- -American Board News. since the former regard the sub- dled around camp fires, or makeshift stitution of new emblems for old stoves, along desolate rights of way, "Temperance Trailer" as destroying their own ances- sharing the contents of huge steaming tral religion. kettles. The number of camps was A "Temperance Trailer," still growing at nightfall as new- sponsored by the Friends' Tem- In 1936, the Canadian Mission comers straggled in on foot, or in perance Association of Philadelwithdrew from the Tansui Mid- dilapidated vehicles. The camps dot- phia, has made a transcontidle, and Girls' Schools in For- ted the road all the way to the border nental tour of over 10,000 miles, mosa, because of government re- line. Men feeble with age, one woman stopping in more than a hundred quirement in regard to shrine so ill that she had to be carried on a towns in twenty-eight states, and attendance. These schools are cot, and babies crying from fright and carrying a temperance message now under local management, hunger, added to the distressing pic- to over 150,000 persons. The ture. trailer is fitted out with various exhibits, including a "drunko- It might describe the plight meter," designed to dramatize of the Chinese; it might come the dangers of alcohol. Tem- perance lectures are given, and questions from the audience are

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

answered by the crew of three. missing from my daily life. In which he demonstrates the pos- There has been no acrimonious that immortal masterpiece of sibility of the miraculous by scidebate, or hostility. literature I find new inspiration. entific analogy. Up to March, That is why the Holy Bible is many thousands had listened to -The American Friend. my favorite book." these demonstrations; sometimes the lectures start thirty minutes Immanuel Mission to Seamen -Lutheran News Bureau. early because the auditorium is jammed. The audiences are Laden with Scripture por- Organization Changes Name about ninety per cent untions, workers of Immanuel churched. There have been defi- Mission to Seamen enter cabins The "International Save the nite conversions. A San Franand crews' quarters on vessels Children Fund," as this agency cisco daily observes that these of all types and nationalities has been called since its organ- lectures leave the audience less along the Pacific Coast. Oppor- ization in 1931, is now to be cock sure of their own wisdom, tunity to read at sea, the absence known as the "Save the Children and with a feeling that the mirof opposition and a lack of di- Federation." The President, acles of the Bible are not so imversion ensure a friendly recep- Dr. John R. Voris, says that the possible as they had supposed. tion for these workers. The name Federation is adopted be- Alaska salmon fleet carries a cause this is a movement, or as- Institutions Closed mixed group of Americans, Chi- sociation, and the name "Fund" nese, Italians, Scandinavians, no longer describes its functions, Because of financial strin- Mexicans and Filipinos. They as it did in the beginning. Drop- gency the Presbyterian Board. beg for reading matter, for ping the word "International" is of National Missions has voted Alaska is almost a spiritual of no significance, except to to close three of its institutions: wilderness. shorten the name. The Federa- the American Indian Institute, tion will continue to maintain Wichita, Kansas; Ingleside-Fee Malay and Javanese Scrip- relationship with the Save the Institute, Burkeville, Virginia; tures find their way to the crews Children International Union of and Brainerd Institute, Chester, of Dutch East Indies boats, and Geneva, of which the fund has South Carolina, in the Negro. Spanish booklets are used with been the American member ever field. All three have been givgreat blessing on various ships since its founding. The question ing splendid service, but their coming in to San Francisco from of changing the title of the agen- discontinuance was the only al- Puerto Rico. American liners cy has been under consideration ternative to a general retrenchsailing across the Pacific are for more than two years. Effort ment, which would have crippled supplied with Bible portions and has been made to find a still the entire program of the Board.. booklets. For a period of more shorter name.-The Churchman. than 24 years this work has been At the same meeting at which carried on among seamen. The Radio as a Missionary this decision was made it was Voice voted that the new hospital be- -Scripture Gift Mission ing erected to replace the over- Bulletin. The "Lutheran Hour," a Sun- crowded Brooklyn Cottage Hos- day afternoon coast – to – coast pital at Dixon, N. M., be named The Bible in the CCC broadcast, can claim a mission- the Embudo Presbyterian Hospi- ary bearing. Dr. Walter A. tal; and that the staff home be When CCC boys were asked Maier, of the Concordia Semi- called the Brooklyn-Nassau Cottheir preference in reading mate- nary Faculty in St. Louis, who tage. Embudo will be the post rial, a large majority indicated broadcast over 66 stations from office address of the new hospithat the Bible is their favorite October to Easter Sunday has tal. The name of the staff home book. The reasons given for this been heard by sailors on the high is the Board's expression of appreference were varied, but first seas, by isolated men in lumber preciation for the continued prize, if one had been awarded, and mining camps in the north interest of Brooklyn – Nassau would go to Wayne Berkshire of woods, by distinguished person- Presbyterial Society in this Company 793, Hill City, S. Da- ages high in the business, pro- project. kota, for the following reply: fessional and social life of the "My favorite book is the Holy nation – by a vast audience Indians Set Example Bible. Why? Because it is my whose number can be estimated mother's and my own wish that only from the tremendous num- In proportion to their means, I develop a more wholesome, sin- ber who send in their comments, the Sioux Indians give more for c ere and faithful religion. totaling 133,000 last season. the promotion of Christian activ- Through the Bible and, of course, ities than any other church the Church, I am striving to Treasure Island Gospel Project members anywhere. Once they reach that goal. I have discov- were the fiercest, most war-like ered and constantly rely upon Mention has been made of the of all North American Indians. the magic powers of prayer when San Francisco Christian Busi- They were the ones who wiped in trouble, in doubt, and at the ness Men's presentation of the out General Custer and his cavclose of every day. If I could Gospel at the Golden Gate Expo- aIry; now, every member of the not have access to the Bible each sition through Irvin Moon's tribe is a professed Christian, day, I would feel that something "Sermons from Science," in important and necessary was

All of them are peaceful farm- MISCELLANEOUS Persia …………….. . 40,000 ers. 40,000 Fifty Years-Past and Future Brazil …………….. . 24,141 A few years ago when grass- 23,553 hoppers and drouth practically United Presbyterian young India ……………… . 20,000 ruined farmers, many church people have been celebrating fif- Australia ………….. . 19,850 people advocated withdrawal ty years of organized work in from the South Dakota field, but their denomination, and are con- Mexico ……………. . 7,800 the Sioux Indians held a mass sidering the situation of today in China …………….. . 4,000 meeting, pledged a fifty per cent its relation to that of fifty years 2,591 increase in their giving and hence; facing a world of today, Cuba ……………… . adopted the slogan, "Move For- terribly disorganized economi- Spain …………….. . ward."-United Presbyterian. cally, socially, internationally, religiously and morally. They New Zealand ………. . The Church in the Arctic realize that there probably nev- er was a day of greater oppor- World O. E. Advance The aeroplane and the wire- tunity for youth to make an imless have caused tremendous press on their world. The older Two important changes in changes in mission work in the generation is looking on with Christian Endeavor activities Arctic regions. Last year Bish- keen interest as it sees young have taken place across the op Fleming traveled from 15,000 people ready and eager to spend Pacific. The Methodist Episcopal to 16,000 miles through the east- a large part of their summer Church of southern Asia has ern Arctic, covered much work vacation period in listening at- voted to discontinue the Epwhich had never been done be- tentively to leaders who try to worth League to permit its youth fore, and could not have been direct their energies in the path organizations to unite with the attempted but for the aeroplane. of Christ's Kingdom. While this Christian Endeavor Union of Plane travel is not expensive, fiftieth anniversary celebration India, Burma and Ceylon. This considering the e nor m 0 u s has paid tribute to the "giants is another step toward union of amount of time saved thereby. there were in those days," it Protestant missionary programs For the better spiritual care of makes clear that the younger in southern Asia. The Methodist the 11,000 people-Indians, Es- generation has a whole army of Church has nearly half a million kimos and white folk-within possible "giants." members in India, and more the Arctic Circle and a distance than 54,000 are registered in below it, the diocese of the Arc- -United Presbyterian. Methodist schools. tic was constituted in 1933, and comprises one-third of the whole Where Can the "Wandering The second move was the for- Dominion of Canada. Jew" Wander? mation of a Pacific Region of the World Christian End e a v 0 r There are two hospitals in the Union, to include China, Japan, diocese: All Saints, at Aklavik, Korea, Manchoukuo, New Zeaand St. Luke's at Pangnirtung. land, Australia, the Philippines, Remembering that the diocese the Fiji and Samoan Islands, and comprises over a million square other Pacific island groups. miles, one understands why Bishop Fleming is seeking to found From his original home in Pal- Youth at Amsterdam a third on the north shore of estine the Jew has wandered far Hudson Strait. The existing and wide. He has indeed been There is an alarming regimenhospitals are fully equipped with "the wandering Jew." The tation of young people in many electric light, X-ray apparatus, Christian Evangelist has given parts of the world in movements operating theaters, and other de- that are anti-Christian, or at sirable and necessary features·. an interesting tabulation to show least non-Christian. A World The government supplies the the present distribution of Jews Conference of Christian Youth doctors: the Church provides throughout the world: to be held at Amsterdam, Holthe staff and upkeep. land, July 24-August 3, is United States ………. . 4,228,029 planned to make the Christian Primitive animism is the re- 3,028,837 youth of the world more aware ligion of the native, Eskimo and Poland ……………. . 2,676,109 of their heritage in the Chris- Indian alike. Nineteen clergy- tian faith, and more forceful one an Eskimo deacon-and six- Russia ……………. . 728,115 and courageous in applying the ty or more lay workers assist Rumania …………… . 514,269 message of the Church in a Bishop Fleming. There is also Near East …………. . 499,682 world whose disintegrating forcwork for white people. Each 444,567 es are placing Christianity benorthern settlement has its Hud- Germany ………….. . 356,830 fore one of the greatest tests of son's Bay Company store, the Hungary ………….. . 300,000 its history. barracks of the Royal Canadian 260,000 Mounted Police (the "Moun- Czechoslovakia ……… . 240,000 The conference program is the ties"), and the wireless. station. Great Britain ………. . 191,408 result of two years of consulta- 161,312 tion among youth leaders from -Life of Faith. Argentina …………. . 156,817 all parts of the world. The 155,614 daily worship service will enable France ……………. . 155,125 all delegates to attend the type Austria ……………. . 110,127 of service to which they are ac- customed, and also to experience Morocco …………… . 95,000 other worship customs. 81,280 Netherlands ………… . 72,791 Canada ……………. . 72,550 Lithuania ………….. . 60,000 Algeria ……………. . 59,485 South Africa ……….. . 51,000 47,825 Turkey ……………. . Greece …………….. . Egypt …………….. .

Belgium …………… .

Tunis …………….. . Abyssinia ………….. . Italy ……………… .

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Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information Cry Dance. A Novel of the Ameri- It is an attempt to provide a While the main emphasis in can Indian. By Coe Hayne. 8 Yo. guide to the solution of life's dif- "This Business of Living" is 255 pp. $2.00. Harper & Bros. New ficult and often tragic problems. upon personal and individual York. 1939. Who among us would not wel- problems, the author pauses come assistance at this point and more than once to point out the The American Indians are a who is there without some friend application of his proffered solupicturesque and romantic people. or acquaintance whose need for tion to the larger social and na- They have been exploited, exhib- wisdom and guidance is great tional problems as well. "There ited, abused and protected for is no problem that is not in printwo hundred years. They sur- indeed? ciple a personal problem," he vive but are not yet made a civi- But will this book meet that truly says. And here are a few lized, Christian and integral part other wise observations: "Any of the nation. Many are strong need? Undoubtedly it will for victory won by force is a defeat" characters and capable of becom- the more intelligent reader, for ing highly educated and efficient the person who is equipped to "An agreement reached unde' r leaders. understand and appropriate that which is not always easy read- pressure is not an agreement, but As Secretary of Research of the ing. But it is a question whether the perpetration of a disagree- American Baptist Home Mission the common man, untrained in ment." "All war is defeat." "We Society, the Rev. Coe Hayne, philosophical and psychological must never surrender to the behas had many opportunities to lief that force has the last word." study the Indians on the reser- terms and methods, will find These words are true for the invations and has come to love and much of this helpful book avail- dividual; they are no less true admire them. Here he has told able for his needs. This is to be for nations. a stirring story of a young In- regretted since the common man dian, "Yosemite," who gave up is often the one who most des- VICTOR G. MILLS. his college course, and fine pros- perately needs the help which pects of a professional career, to Dr. Grensted offers. If the meth- Dynamic Christianity and the World throw in his lot with his people od and style of the book as a Today. By Samuel M. Zwemer. 8vo. in the Sierras and champion whole had been closer to the free 17? pp. 28. 6d. Intervarsity Fellowtheir cause in the struggle and easy spirit of the title it shIp. London; Zondervan Publishagainst poverty and wrong and would be more useful where ing House, Grand Rapids, Mich. in behalf of their rights in Amer- most needed. 1939. ica. A young white woman joined in the fight for the Red Yet with this one limitation, There are good reasons why man. "Cry Dance" tells the let it be said that for many, es- only earnest, believing followers story of the struggle-which pecially for those who would still continues. There are ad- help others in meeting life's of Christ are interested in proventures, bitter fights, and two moting Christian missions. One love stories woven into the nar- problems and crises, this book must believe in the importance rative. It is an incompleted tale will provide very real assistance. but the author shows good judg- Workers with troubled minds of a cause and in the claims of ment in his outcome of the love and hearts will be bet t e r its leader before one will give stories of white folk and Indians. equipped for reading it. It notes time and strength and money to Young people will find the novel advance that cause. Dr. Zwemof particular interest. It has a the nature of life's most common er has proved his faith by his definite Christian tone. problems, always stressing the works for he has spent nearly fifty years in many lands seek- This Business of Living. By L. W. fact that in the last analysis all ing to win Moslems to Christ- Grensted. 187 pp. $1.75. Mac- of these problems come back to by voice and pen and life. He millan. New York. 1939. the problem of self. The inef- knows that the only kind of Christianity worth following A cover notice calls this "a fectiveness of the common meth- and worth propagating is "Dy- book for everyman." One can- ods of help is made clear. And namic Christianity." This is the not but wish that this were more then the author points out the Christianity of the living Christ nearly the case, for every man one adequate answer which is who is the ever present Head of needs what this book has to offer. found through religion, when His Church and the motivating rightly conceived, and preemi- and achieving power of the Gos- nently through Christianity. The pel. chapter on "The Way of Release" is especially worth while.

[383 ]

The author has given us here wealth of Christian doctrine, scenes are laid, gives additional a dynamic book. The Gospel that and the last three which deal he proclaims is the same that with Christian experience based value to leaders of children's came through Jesus Christ and on that doctrine. Her analytical that "turned the world up-side- mind does not prevent her from groups. H. H. F. down" in the days of the Apos- seeing the beauty of the truth tles. It is the Gospel founded on she presents nor do her outlines Mary Reed of Chandag. By Lee S. faith in the Bible as the inspired obscure the life and power. One Huizenga. 37 pp. Paper, 35 cents. Word of God and in Christ as the wishes that she had drawn more Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Son of God and only Redeemer largely on her rich experiences Rapids, Mich. 1939. of men. This is the heart of to illustrate the truths presented. Christianity that has proved its But there is a reality and a glow Almost everyone knows the truth and power and that is dy- in her Christian life that is con- story of Mary Reed, who went namic today among all peoples tagious. These studies in Ephe- to India in 1884; became a leper; to whom the Gospel is pro- sians will richly reward any was healed through prayer and claimed in the power of the Holy student-preacher, teacher, mis- for forty-seven years has di- Spirit. sionary or layman. rected the Chandag Leper Home in the foothills of the Himalayas. Dr. Zwemer shows clearly that They Dared to Live. By Robert M. She recently celebrated her 83d this Gospel is everlasting; that Bartlett. 12mo. 135 pp. $1.25. birthday. This little, illustrated it has not changed; that it is Association Press. New York. book retells a story and gives absolute and is vitally linked 1939. important facts about leprosy with the "Changeless Christ." and its modern treatment. He shows that, while this Gos- This series of thirty-five tenpel is neglected and repudiated minute biographies are very H. H. F. by many who refuse to believe, brief stories of explorers, scienit is the Gospel that the whole tists, teachers, reformers, stu- Meditations on the Holy Spirit. By world needs today. The work of dents, social workers, artists, Toyohiko Kagawa. 167 pp. $1.50. Christ has made great progress, authors, doctors, political lead- Cokesbury Press, Nashville, Tenextens.ively and intensively, and ers and missionaries and Amer- nessee. 1939. mankind is accessible as never icans. They include British, before, but there are still great French, Chinese, Japanese, Ger- The world famous Japanese regions of the world and vast mans, Swiss, Russians, Czechs, Christian has given us an attracareas of humanity that are un- Africans, Norwegians, Indians tive statement of some great enlightened by a knowledge of and others. There are well- principles of the spiritual life. "the Light of the World." known names like Helen Keller Throughout it the author shows and President Masarayk, and ob- a strong mystical tendency. He This is not only an intensely scure persons like Roland Hayes is definitely Trinitarian and interesting and informing book, and Pierre Ceresole. The great clearly stands for the Personit is inspiring and dynamic. disappointment is t hat the ality of. the Holy Spirit. What would be the result if sketches are too brief, but they every Christian minister should make one wish to know more Readers who accept the inread it? about these men and women who errancy of the Bible will be dis- dared to work against obstacles turbed by Dr. Kagawa's tend- The Wealth, Walk and Warfare of and for a high purpose, and suc- ency to rationalize some of the the Christian. By Ruth Paxson. ceeded. miracles. He also appears to ac- 8vo. 222 pages. $1.50. Revell. cept Darwin's views of the New York. 1939. Far Round the World. By Grace W. "Origin of the Species" quite un- McGavran. Illustrated by Mar- critically. Another questionable Miss Paxson is already well garet Ayer. 118 pp. Cloth, $1.00. point is a rather naturalistic known through her spiritual Friendship Press, N. Y. 1939. view of the personal spiritual presentation of "Life on the experience of the Lord Jesus. Highest Plane." She is a devout Miss McGavran, the REVIEW'S With such reservations it is only and intelligent Bible teacher and Editor of "Effective Ways of fair to say that there is a great an evangelist of rare gifts and Working," and the author of deal that is searching and helpgraces; she has been widely and "Missionary Stories for Chil- ful, for the book evidently comes wonderfully used of God in dren," gives here eleven splendid out of deep personal experience. China, in Europe and America. stories showing the improve- The supernatural view of the ments of social conditions, de- Holy Spirit is accepted. In the present volume Miss cline in race prejudice, braving Paxson gives us some fruitful re- danger in Mexico, India, Africa, F. E. G. sults of her study in the letter Japan, China, Paraguay, Ceylon to the Ephesians, which she calls and the Philippine Islands. They Studies in First and Second Kings the "Grand Canyon of Scrip- describe events that actually and First and Second Chronicles. ture." It is remarkably rich, happened. A section at the back Arranged by Grace Saxe. 35 cents. suggestive and stimulating. She of the book, supplying facts 112 pp. Bible Colportage Assn. points out the connection be- about the countries in which the Chicago. 1939. tween the first three chapters, which deal chiefly with the These twenty-three studies in Old Testament history are de- signed for individual or class work. Exposition and applica- tion are well balanced. The mor- al lessons seem to flower forth

Encyclopedia of Religious

"How many baptized Christians in Burma?" "Where is the headquarters of the Evangelical Church?"

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You can answer these and many more by turning to the proper pages in CHURCH MANAGEMENT DIRECTORY for 1939, now available in your book store. The price is but 65c. (by mail 75c.). If your bookstore cannot supply you, send the proper remittance to address l;Ielow. This directory offers the most complete almanac for the Protestant field.

CHURCH MANAGEMENT : Auditorium Building : Cleveland, Ohio from the Scripture itself. God Launch Out Into the Deep. By An' The New Sovereignty. Reiinald is clearly seen to be at work be- drew Gih. Edited by J. Edwin Orr. Wallis. 93 pp. Is. Pickering & hind the scenes. The great uni- 119 pp. Cloth, 40 cents. Zonder- Inglis. London. fying message in Kings and in van Publishing House, Grand Rap· Chronicles, Miss Saxe makes ids, Mich. 1938. One Gospel for Mankind. Hugh abundantly clear, in the impera- Vernon White. 72 pp. 35 cents. tive need of trusting God and Among the consecrated Chi- Friendship Press. New York. obeying Him. The book would nese soul winners is Andrew be still better if the author did Gih, now on an evangelistic tour Right Here at Home. Frank S. not lean so heavily upon a very in war-torn China. Previously, Mead. 183 pp. $1.00, and 60 cents. limited number of Bible scholars he made a three months' tour of Friendship Press. New York. for her quotations and if she had Australia with J. Edwin Orr, included more thought-provok- who says he was second to none Studies in I and II Kings and I and ing questions, along with the list for effectiveness. This book is II Chronicles. Grace Axe. 112 pp. of fact questions, at the end of in two parts: the first half be- 35 cents. B. I. C. Assn. Chicago. each lesson. ing s tor i e s of conversions through the Bethel Evangelistic When I Awake. Jack C. Winslowe. C. NORMAN BARTLETT. Bands, and the second half a 78 pp. Is. 6d. Hodder and Stough- collection of Bible readings on ton. London. The Doctor Comes to Lui. A Story such subjects as "The Dry of the Beginnings in the Sudan. By Bones," "Catching Fish," and The Wealth, Walk and Warfare of Eileen Fraser. Illus. 71 pp. Is. "The Way to Victory." "His vi- the Christian. Ruth Paxson. 222 Church Missionary Society. Lon- tal exposition of the Word of pp. $1.50. Revell. New York. don. 1939. God captivated both the saved and the unsaved," says Mr. Orr Yesterdays in Persia and Kurdistan. The reviewer and his wife in the preface; "Not a single Frederick G. Coan. 284 pp. $2.50. spent some years in the Sudan theme will be easily forgotten." Saunders Studio Press. Claremont, enjoying the personal acquaint- Calif. ance of the author and Bishop H.H.F. Gwynne who wrote the intro- Cry Dance. Coe Hayne. 255 pp. duction to the book. The story New Book. $2.00. Harpers. New York. of the establishment of many bush schools in darkest Sudan; The Acts of the Apostles. Studies The Greatest Words in the Bible and cutting down the jungle and let- in Primitive Christianity. W. H. in Human Speech. Clarence E. ting in the Christ; these are in- Griffith Thomas. 93 pp. 30 cents. Macartney. $1.50. 103 pp. Cokescluded, with some stories of the B. I. C. Assn. Chicago. bury Press. Nashville. mauling of African natives by buffaloes, lions and leopards and The Faith We Declare. Edwin Homeland Harvest. Arthur H. Limtheir recovery under the skillful Lewis. 236 pp. $2. Cokesbury ouze. 211 pp. $1.00 cloth, 60 cents care of Dr. Fraser. One feels Press. Nashville. paper. Friendship Press. New that the reader stands in the York. presence of a great and modest Far Round the World. Grace W. servant of Jesus Christ. Mrs. McGavran. 118 pp. $1.00. Friend- One Family. C. M. S. Review of Fraser's self-abnegation in writ- ship Press. New York. 1938-39. 62 pp. 6d. Church Mising of her talented husband and sionary Society. London. herself is remarkable but we The Gospel, in the Pentateuch. Herwould like to know more of bert Lockyer. 125 pp. 50 cents. Personality and Character Developthem. A minor criticism might B. I. C. Assn. Chicago. ment. J. D. Messick. 192 pp. $1.50. be that the narrative skips back Revell. New York. and forth in a way that makes God's Purpose. A Book of 365 Serit bewildering to follow the monettes for Home Worship. 366 The Remarkable Jew. His Wonder~ dates and, sequence of events. pp. 50 cents paper; $1.00 limp ful Future. L. Sale-Harrison. 224 fabrikoid; $1.50 art leather. Win- pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. T. A. LAMBIE. ston. Philadelphia. London.

The Meaning of War. James W. The Rural Church in the Far East. Johnson. 57 pp. 75 cents. Revell. Ralph A. Felton. 258 pp. $1.25. New York. Friendship Press. New York.

The S. P. G. Story. 1939. 156 pp. 6d. Society for Propagating the Gospel. London.

Builder of Dreams. The Life of Robert Edward Chambers. Ruth Carver Gardner and Christine Cof- fee Chambers. $1.00. 200 pp. Broad- man Press. Nashville.

Day Dawn in Yoruba Land. Charles E. Maddry. 217 pp. Broadman Press. Nashville.

MOSLEM

PUBLISHED BY THE HARTFORD SEMINARY FOUNDATION Editors: SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, EDWIN E. CALVERLEY Some Articles in the July Number Broadcasting Our Message Samuel M. Zwemer After Madras Paul W. Harrison The Theological Approach Al Sha'ranI the Mystic lens Christensen Our Debt to Moslem Arabs Margaret Smith An East African Experience An Ordeal in Central Asia lohn Clark Archer Mission Frontier in Palestine A. Rowland Pittwa'Y International Relations G. Raquette Book Reviews Survey of Periodicals E. Theodore Bachmann Robert S. Darbishire Current Topics Sue Moll~son Foster ._-•• SUBSCRIBE NOW ….- __ 150 Cents a Copy. $2.00 It Year (postpaid) In combination with THE MOSLEM WORLD THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City $3.50 a Year. (Foreign Postage, 50 Cents.) British Agents: MARSHALL, MORGAN & SCOTl', 12 Paternoster Buildings, London, E. C. Price in Great Britain, Eight Shillings a Year, net HAVE YOU READ?

THE LIFE OF GEORGE BOWEN OF BOMBAY By ROBERT E. SPEER The biography of a remarkable missionary whom the (then) Prince of Wales visited in Bombay at the request of his mother, Queen Victoria.

What some readers say of this book: Robert Speer's "Life of George Bowen of Bombay" is one was so far·sighted and so deep.seeing!-the former because of the richest of missionary biographies. the latter. If one wants to sum up the interests of our DR. J. LOVELL MUllIlAY, Director of the Canadian School of Missions, Toronto. students today-Biblical, social, theological-Bowen is a What a life! He was old enough to know why be went, representative ligure. And what a lesson in apparent failure! and bad enough to know the meaning of salvation. One by. product of his experience was his wonderful bumility-noth. . • . I feel strongly that' every student and alumnus of our ing in the show window and himself in the remote back. ground. It is inspiring. Seminary needs this book. Wbat better book to lead them to DR. GBORGI! P. PIERSON, formerly of Japan. feed on the Bible. One bears so much "vestibule religion"- We must all be grateful for this revealing of the main· men pointing to the door and taking their people as far as the springs of Bowen's character, his abiding faith in God, his threshold, but no opening up of the treasures within the earnest purpose to be a true and faithful follower of Jesus Christ; and his deep.seated conviction that the Gospel of Father's House. Read the topics of current sermons, and Christ could meet the religious needs of India's people. Bowen's expositions are precisely what Christians need in order to grow from puerility into spiritual maturity. Here is no WILLIAM HAzEN, adolescent, but a man in Christ. This is no volume to be Missionary in ShoJapur, India. read and dismissed, but to be marked and to be turned to repeatedly. A biography of one of the saintliest ligures of the nine. teenth century. I could not put the book down. There is a HBNRY SLOANB COFFIN, fascination and a depth in this man's soul which held me in President of Union Seminary.

devout attention. I found myself marking his moving sayings The Memoirs of George Bowen will continue to be for which would serve as starting points for chapel talks. He years to come a searching manual of devotion. He has set before me an ideal which few could attain; his life is a scath· ing rebuke to our ease, comfort, self.indulgence and ind- J. Ross STEVENSON, liciency.

President Emeritus, P,inrelon Seminar,.

Send $2.00 to.day for your copy of this latest book by Dr. Speer THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO.

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The Missionary Review of the World — August 1930

PELLICE

OOMING EVENTS Methodist Church in the early days. He was very active during the Centenary August 5-10-WORLD'S CHRISTIAN EN- Movement in the Japan Methodist DEAVOR CONVENTION, Berlin, Ger- Church, and had been prominently before many. the Church for several quadrenniums.

August 11-22-WORLD CONFERENCE FOR When Bishop Uzaki was elected for the INTERNATIONAL PEACE THROUGH RE- third time in 1927, Dr. Akazawa received LIGION, Basel, Switzerland. 18 votes out of the 63 on the first ballot, August 14-25-NATIONAL BAPTIST CON- only 11 votes less than were received by VENTION, Chicago, Ill. Bishop Uzaki on that ballot. Akazawa San was for several years President of August 19-24-GENERAL CONFERENCE, the Lambuth Bible Training School in SEVENTH DAY BAPTIST CHURCH, Osaka. He is a man of unusual evangel- Salem, W. Va. istic fervor. On the day after the re- election of Bishop Uzaki in 1927, Dr. August 24-27-EVANGELICAL BROTHER- Akazawa was elected Secretary of the HOOD, EVANGELICAL SYNOD OF N. A., Board of Missions of the Japan Method- NATIONAL CONVENTION, Elmhurst, ist Church, and has served the Church Ill.

August 26-29 – CONTINUATION COMMIT- in that position until his recent election TEE OF LAUSANNE CONFERENCE ON to the episcopacy.

FAITH AND ORDER, Murren, Switzer- Probably no man in the history of J a- land. pan Methodism has been more universal- August 30-September 5-CONTINUATION ly beloved, or more influential for his COMMITTEE OF UNIVERSAL CHRIS- deep evangelical piety than the man who TIAN CONFERENCE ON LIFE AND comes now to the first place of leader- ship in the Church.-Missionary Voice. WORK, Vevey, Switzerland.

September 16-17 – COMMITTEE OF REF- DR. FREDERICK'" B'". F'"ISHER, who has ERENCE AND COUNSEL, FOREIGN MIS- SIONS CONFERENCE OF N. A., New been resident Methodist Episcopal Bish- York, N. Y. op at Calcutta, India, since his election in 1920, notified the Board of Bishops of September 29-0ctober 1 – INTERDEN9M- his intention to "cease from traveling at INATIONAL MISSIONARY INSTITUTE, large among the people," as he purposed conducted by the Philadelphia Fed- to accept a call to the pastorate of First eration of Churches and the Wom- Church, Ann Arbor, Mich. en's Interdenominational Union of Philadelphia and Vicinity, Philadel- *** phia, Pa. DR. CHENG CHING-YI, Moderator of October 7-15-U N IT ED L UT H ERAN the Church of Christ in China, and an CHURCH, Milwaukee, Wis. outstanding Christian leader in that great land, is spending the early part of October 9-GENERAL CONFERENCE, EVAN- the summer in England. Other visitors GELICAL CHURCH, Milwaukee, Wis. from China this summer are Bishop October 14-19-INTERNATIONAL CONVEN- Roots of Hankow and Dr. E. C. Loben- TION, DISCIPLES OF CHRIST, Wash- stine, both of whom have done yeoman ington, D. C. service for the National Christian Coun- October 19-23-WORLD CONVENTION, DIS- cil of China. *** CIPLES OF CHRIST, Washington, D. C. MR. BASIL MATHEWS has rejoined the November 30-December 5-NORTH AMER- group of workers of the International ICAN HOME MISSIONS CONGRESS, Missionary Council at Edinburgh House, Washington, D. C. London. He will not be a member of any of the existing staffs, but he has PERSONALS been set apart, without executive duties, DR. W. J. MCGLOTHLIN, President of for literary work, with youth especially Furman University, Greenville, South in view. He is at work on a companion Carolina, has been elected president of volume to "The Clash of Colour," dealing the Southern Baptist Convention. not with race, but with nationalism.

REV. HOMER M'c"MI'L" LA*N, D.D. has been *** MR. W. CAMERON FORBES has been chosen by President Hoover as Ambas- elected Executive Secretary of Board of sador to Japan. Mr. Forbes has been … Home Missions of the Presbyterian interested for many years in the Far Church in the U. S., succeeding Dr. S. L. East. Not only was he Governor Gen- Morris. eral of the Philippines, but he has made * '" * frequent visits to the Orient. He inher- REV. MOTOZO AKAZAWA, recently elect- ited from both his grandfathers tradi- ed Bishop by the Japan Methodist Church tions of active interest in matters Ori- in succession to Bishop Uzaki, who died ental. His mother's father was Ralph suddenly on April 2, has been for many Waldo Emerson. His paternal grand- years one of the leading preachers of the father was J. M. Forqes, one of the lead- Methodist Church in Japan. He was ing bankers of Boston, who was closely trained in the Southern branch of the associated with the families of Perkins, Russell and Sturgis in trading with the ALIFE- Philippines, China and Japan. INCOME FOR YOU *** Give generously to ForeIgn Missions. The Rev. Dr. Cleland B. McAfee, pro- Your gift will return fessor of systematic theology for the you last eighteen years at the Presbyterian Theological Seminary, Chicago, has been 4~% to 9% PER YEAR elected a secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, 156 Fifth for the rest of your life Avenue, New York City. He will begin the duties of his new office on September under the Annuity Gift Plan, thus re- 1st. Dr. McAfee will succeed the Rev. lieving you of worry caused by changing Dr. Arthur J. Brown who retired in values of ordinary investments. May, 1929.

Dr. McAfee is widely known for his missionary knowledge and interest, having been a member of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, New York, for many years; having traveled widely throughout the mission field in Asia, and written several missionary books and many missionary articles. In 1924 he was the lecturer in the Joseph Cook Foundation.

O;BITUARY A reserve fund of over $1,500,000 guar- MR. E. Y. SCARLETT, of the L. M. S., antees the prompt payment of annuities was wantonly shot by Chinese bandits to you. April 2d, while on his way from Tientsin Protect yourself against loss to Peitaiho. through unwise investments and at the same time help *** send the gospel to all the world. DR. CLIFFORD MORGAN STUBBS was fatally wounded by a Chinese at Cheng- For full information write tu, Szechwan early in June. He went to ERNEST F. HALL, Secretary, China in 1913 for the Friends Foreign Mission Association and was Dean of the Dept. of Annuities Faculty of Science in the West China Union University. Dr. Stubbs was an HE BOARD OF outstanding friend of the Chinese and it FOREIGN MISSIONS is particularly tragic that he should have lost his life at the hand of some fanatic. of the Presbyterian Church, U.S.A. He was one of the leaders of the group of missionaries in Chfna who protested 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK against British military protection being afforded them, for he believed that missionaries should take every risk in the countries in which they felt called upon to work. When he returned to China in 1927 he refused to travel on a British gunboat on his way back to Chengtu.

*** . ·ZOO fR:;o::b·bY.!~l~'i$tNb .BY'e30fo' re Xmas :M:r.s.IM'~aOrOl.DB~a'n;. MISS MARION SCOTT STEVENSON of the Procesa. order. Church of Scotland Mission at Tumutumu, Nyeri, Kenya Colony, Africa, died FOR YOUR CHURCH OR YOURSELF at Glasgow. Her name will be partic- Make a. year's income in the next tour months-without ularly remembered for the development sales experience or soliciting strangers I Amazing "Snowof work for women and girls of the Tumutumu mission. To many she was r::ll~!:~~Ii:~g8 ~~c~De6h~J~~~~~:t'n~rdg:r~Oft known as the "Mary Slessor" of East Africa, and in recent years she specially America's fastest sell1ng line paying biggest volume of devoted herself to traveling about in the Kikuyu country. Just prior to her last commissions-liberal bonuses. prizes. illness she spent 483 out of 583 days under canvas, while visiting the women- WE FURNISH EVERYTHING FREEl folk of scores of villages. The work in We teach you wha t to say and do. It you want to tum your which Miss Stevenson was engaged won minutes into doJlars-to prepare for permanent full or the especial praise of the Phelps Stokes part time pOSition-write us at once. Millions of old Educational Commission to East Africa. customers waitingl THE PROCESS CORPORATION Troy at 21st St., Chic. . .

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Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE VORLD in writing to advertisers. The Synod of the Waldensian Church meets here each September to commemorate the "Glorious Return" of the Walden"ians, headed by Henri Arnaud, in 16S9 to the Valleys. The statue of Henri Arnaud was unveiled September, 1926.

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LIII, No.8 August

THE MISSIONARY 16eWO. ,-~ ~. I fAITHFUL VITNESS OF THE W ALDENSIANS BY TERTIUS VAN DYKE Pastor CoogrcgatiooaZ Church, lVashington, Conn., and Direotor of the Amc";can Walden8ian Aid Society T HE Waldensian Church is the In these circumstances the Wal- oldest extant Protestant body densians and other forerunners of in the ·world. It is true that the Reformation had their rise. It the claim that it can be traced back was a time of many new move- to the primitive Church has been ments in the Church, most of disposed of, notably by Emilio which, as historic entities, passed Comba one of its own historians, away or were absorbed in later more than thirty years ago. Never- movements. The Cathari, the Hu- theless its clearly discernible ori- miliati, the Albigenses (so-called I! gin in the twelfth century easily from the town of Albi in Langue- assigns to the Waldensians the doc), the Patarini (whose name is honor of being the earliest of those derived perhaps from their trade ,I bodies known today as Protestants. in old linen or from the street in The twelfth century in Europe Milan called Pataria where they was a time of social change. The first congregated)-all these were clergy in general were becoming expressions of a religious renas- objects of distrust because of their cence among the people them- frequent abuse of privilege and selves. From the mountains of their often corrupt manner of life. northern Spain across the southern Much of the Christianity of the provinces of France and into Lom- people was degenerating into a bardy and Tuscany stretched a line ., thinly veiled polytheism and super- of "heretics" from which branches stition. The feudalistic system, went forth and found root in Bo- with which the Church was closely hemia and in the Low Countries.

identified, was coming to the end As already intimated these move- of its usefulness. Trade guilds ments cannot be exclusively traced were rising on the basis of mutual to reforming zeal within the helpfulness and a fellowship under- Church. Undoubtedly they were standable to the ordinary man. motived by political and economic And the troubadours by their ro- objectives as well as by strictly re- . ~" mantic ballads and no less ro- ligious purposes. Perhaps they can mantic wanderings were adding be most adequately described in their emotional strength to the terms of the resurgence of the com- current of social change. mon man in protest against the 565

luxury and tyranny of his masters plained, though I do not agree that and in assertion of his own under- it was justified, by three things: standing of life. First, the Church as an institution Peter Waldo, of Lyons, is com- was entering upon a life and death monly credited with being the struggle with the Empire; sec- founder of the Waldensian move- ond, the new orders of the Friars, ment, though some historians also as zealous champions of the Church call attention to the influence of in a rough and passionate age, Peter of Bruges, Henry of Cluny, were exerting an overwhelming and Arnold of Brescia. Waldo was pressure in the formulation of poli- a rich merchant of Lyons who came cies; third, within the Church to his conviction about the right of there was a life and death struggle individuals to read and interpret in the realm of doctrine between the Bible for themselves as the re- Orthodoxy and Catharism.

sult of reading the New Testament But whatever may have been the of 1 during a period of great sorrow at motive and the explanation, the the sudden death of a friend. facts are that in 1179 the Third '~ Gradually there assembled about Lateran Council specifically forhim a group of people interested in bade private Scriptural interpreta- .,., JI living a simple and charitable life tion and teaching by laymen; that and eager to read and interpret the in 1183 the Waldensians together , .A'.- Bible among themselves and with with the Cathari, Arnaldists, etc., others. At first they did not antic- were excommunicated'; and that ~~ ipate opposition from the Church. from then on the opposition of the In fact Waldo went to Rome to Church was for many centuries im- J gain papal approval for his plans. placable. Between 1208 and 1687 But it was not to be. Where St. there are said to have been more Francis succeeded in a somewhat than thirty organized persecutions similar request, Peter Waldo of the Waldensians. They were not failed, perhaps because of the place that the use of the Bible held in only anathematized, they were the latter's proposals. evicted from their homes and slain.

Yet it ought not to be said that In 1393 one hundred and fifty were the Church's opposition was en- burned in one day at Grenoble. In tirely a blind and obstinate opposi- 1487 Innocent VIn preached a tion. That it eventually proved to crusade against them. In 1545 the be a policy of reaction and there- Emperor had four thousand peo- fore a mistaken policy is certainly ple massacred amid the burning of the verdict of history. And un- a score of villages. In 1655 several doubtedly the means employed to thousand Waldensians were slain oppose private Scriptural reading at the fearful Piedmontese Easter.

and interpretation and teaching by But these people were not of the laymen were often unjust and stuff to be cowed by persecution.

tyrannical. Nevertheless, it is well Their "heresy" was too much a in the name of truth and justice to part of themselves. Besides, Eu- remember the situation. The early rope was full of the heresy in twelfth century had been a time of secret places, so that it was said tolerance in the Church. The sud- that in the fourteenth and fifteenth den change of this temper at the centuries a Waldensian could trav- end of the century may be ex- el from Antwerp to Rome and stop

FAITHFUL WITNESS OF THE WALDENSIANS

every night in the house of a fel- England and drew Cromwell's low believer. threat to the guilty Duke of Savoy and occasioned Milton's famous It is, of course, impossible to re- sonnet beginning, "Avenge 0 Lord, view Waldensian history in the thy slaughtered saints." It is inspace here at my command. Let teresting to note that Cromwell me therefore select for brief men- raililed a relief fund of £40,000, a tion six dates which may illustrate noble example of human sympathy in outline the course and signifi- a~ well as an illustration of world cance of that history. statesmanship.

First is the transfer of the Wal- In 1687 a determined effort to densian headquarters at the time root out the Waldensians from of the persecution of 1207 to the their mountain citadels resulted in valleys of Piedmont. Here in caves the exile of practically all of them and fastnesses they rallied them- to the friendly refuge of Switzerselves, here they settled down to land, and led to another notablE!· nourish the life of the Spirit with- event in Waldensian history. This in themselves and to endure he- was the astonishing feat of about roically the constant persecutions seven hundred men under Henri of their enemies, and hence they Arnaud, pastor and soldier, who, went forth when occasion offered on the night of August 15, 1689, as missionaries of their faith. To- crossed the Lake of Geneva and, day, the annual Synod of the repulsing the forces of Marshall Waldensian Church meets in Torre Catinat, won a way back through Pellice, and from this ancestral the Alps into Piedmont-a notable home directs the life and work of military manreuver. which won this oldest of all Protestant the unbounded praise of Napoleon Churches. Bonaparte. Ten days later, before the only church building which had The second date in Waldensian not been destroyed, that at Ghigo, history which I will mention is in the parish of Prali, Henri Ar- 1532, when, on the visit of Farel, naud preached, and on the follow- Saunier, and Olivetan at the Synod ing Sunday the whole band took in the vale of Angrogna, the Wal- an oath of loyalty at Sibaud (now densians became officially a part of marked with a monument), among the Reformation which had arisen the chestnut trees. in the wake of their own earlier witness. This decision drew upon The fifth date I shall mention is them fresh persecutions, but it also that of the pUblication of Canon marked a time when their whole Gilly's book, "Researches Among movement took on new life. Then the Waldensians, etc.," in 1831. it was that the first church build- This book may be said to mark the ings were erected in the valleys, a beginning of the spread of knowlnew impetus was given to Scrip- edge about the Waldensians as not tural knowledge through Olivetan's only a people who had greatly suftranslations, and some missionary fered, but who are religiously imadvances were made, notably in portant in their own right. It is Calabria. worth while to note his tribute to Waldensian character: A third great date is 1655, when occurred the fearful massacre well Their morals correspond with their known as the Piedmontese Easter. faith; and their lives and conversation The horror of this event reached

;J testify that the doctrines they profess The first Protestant Church in are those of the truth; for nothing Italy outside the valleys was that short of a firm persuasion that they are burning and shining lights, which at Turin, where Meille first are not to be put out, could have given preached in 1851. When Garabaldi them courage and perseverance suffi- entered Rome in 1870 the first cient to withstand the temptations to civilian to enter by the Porta Pia which their spiritual integrity has was Commendatore Matteo Prochbeen exposed, or to restrain the strong et, Moderator of the Waldensian hand which has been lifted up against Church, who bore a Bible in his them for more than ten (sic) cen- hand and shortly afterwards turies. preached there. Today two fine I had opportunities of observing the churches and the theological semi- conduct of individuals of this little nary bear witness to the industry community, at different times and and strength of the Waldensians under various circumstances, at home in the capital city of their nation. and abroad, in the transactions of There are now nearly sixty business and the kindly courtesies of life, and in their hours of devotion and churches in Italy and Sicily in adfestivity, and I am impressed with the dition to the seventeen churches in belief that there is nothing exagger- the valleys, with a total memberated, either in the favorable repre- ship of something over 20,000. The sentations made by their own chief statistical advances-I emhistorians, or in the eulogies of phasiZle the word statistical for strangers. though it is important it is by no Among others who were attract- means the sole mark of a success- 1 ed to the Waldensians at this time ful church-are being made today and became their friends were in Sicily. Here a beautiful new General Beckwith and Count Wal- church was dedicated three years burg Truches. ago, and a new church has more recently been founded at Piazza The final date I shall mention is Armerina. But though the mem- February 17, 1848, when Charles bership of the Waldensian Church Albert, King of Piedmont, at the is admittedly small, the constitinstigation of Cavour issued the uency which it is influencing is Edict of Emancipation which put by no means inconsiderable and, an end to the disabilities which as Dr. Giovanni Luzzi, former .confined the work of the Walden- Dean of the Theological School and sians to the valleys. From this translator of the "Fides et Amor" time on the story of the Walden- version of the Bible, has said: "The sians is that of the establishment development of the mustard seed of new institutions and the spread is not susceptible to any numerical of the work. valuation; and there is no human It is not my purpose to describe or mechanical dynamometer able to these various institutions which of measure the mysterious process by course include schools, orphanages, which the leaven of the Kingdom homes for the aged, Sunday-schools slowly but radically transforms an and missions as well as churches. individual, a family, or a country."

What I wish to emphasize is that In Uruguay and Argentina there immediately upon the removal of are colonies of Waldensians num- disabilities the Waldensians moved bering about four thousand peo- out into a larger sphere of activity. ple with eight self-supporting

churches, and there are a number Two criticisms are sometimes of such colonies in the United made of the Waldensian Church. States, chief of which is that at The first is that it lives by antag- Valdese, North Carolina, number- onism to the Roman Catholic ing about fifteen hundred people Church. The falseness of this ac- and with a strong church affiliated cusation seems to me to be ade- with the Southern Presbyterians. quately shown both by the history A number of Protestant Italian- of times past and by the activities American churches in this country of today. As a Director of the have Waldensian pastors or mis- American Waldensian Aid Society sionaries, and the origin of not a for nine years my experience with 'I > I( THE REFUGIO OF CARLO ALBERTO AT LUSImNA SAN GIOVANNI few of these churches can be traced the policies of the Waldensian back to the Waldensian Church in Church and my relations with its Italy. representatives lead me to be confi- Waldensian concern in education dent that the prevailing spirit is is proverbial. Berard has pointed that so beautifully and clearly ex- out that it was a striking fact in pressed by Carlo Lupo, of Turin, the Middle Ages that every Vau- who recently said: dois had a rudimentary education; As to the character of our work, and that concern is still one of the we hold that a polemic against the guiding lights of Waldensian pol- Roman Church is sinful. These days are too serious; no human organiza- ,. icy. It is reflected not only in the tion has the right to boast, over work of the schools in various against another, the monopoly of the 1. 1: places but in the college at Torre truth when this truth is not lived out .1,- Pellice, and most notably in the in the daily practice of life . . . Many distinguished culture of the leaders are the difficulties arising from big- of the Church. otry of every shade, but realizing that 570 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [August we are called to be as leaven in the Sweden, France, and the United meal, we seek to perform that sacred States gave $56,842, or less than function. twenty-three per cent.

The second criticism of the Wal- If we make the common mistake densian Church is that which con- of our day and think that big in- cerns money matters. It is some- stitutions and crowds and work times said that if it were not for done in the spotlight and to the the support of misguided foreign- accompaniment of the tom-toms of ers the Waldensians could not con- a peculiar kind of publicity are the tinue their work. What are the only important things, we may well .. facts? I quote from the report of disregard the Waldensians. But Fred S. Goodman (until recently if we are interested in Isaiah's Executive Secretary of the Amer- conception of the remnant, and in ican Waldensian Aid Society) on Jesus' teaching under the metahis return from the last meeting phors of leaven and salt, if we are of the Waldensian Synod in Sep- interested in history and find some- thing to be treasured in the story tember, 1929: of heroism, both in its everyday ."

While the total cost of all phases of as well as its occasional dress, if the work of the churches, schools, hos- we are interested in hardy folk pitals, asylums, pUblication, repairs, and in the stern yet essentially new buildings, etc., was only Lire 4,- cheerful principles of Protestant- 850,000 (about $225,263), three- ism-then the Waldensians may fourths was given in Italy by the Waldensians. England, Scotland, Hol- well occupy a large and generous land, Denmark, Switzerland, Norway, place in our minds and hearts.

In spite of the extraordinary revolutions in our intellectual world Jesus still captivates the human race with the splendor of the divine that radiates from Him. His image has become brighter and more vivid-that is all. Still He waits with a welcome all His own for those who seek God, waits for those who seek the true humanity. A discovery without parallel is in store for him who, in some hour of calm, penetrates all the theories of the centuries and comes out face to face with the human glory of Jesus. This Man once did live here! This Man once did walk our earth! There is a thought with substance enough to grip us our whole life long. But none the less overwhelming is the reaction accompanying that other discovery that God was in Jesus. In Him we behold God living right down among us, powerfully active in our behalf; God as He is willing also to live in us, and bear, and struggle, and conquer. Here is the life of God, clothing itself in a human form; and conversely, a unit of human nature transfigured by the presence of God…… Freely and royally we may take from Him what we can and receive from Him yet today, as we can obtain them from no other source-renewal of life for ourselves, . fulfillment of our ideals for our world, and ultimate union with God.-From "Behold the Man," by Friedrich Rittelmeyer.

, :,~

PROTESTANTISM IN

BY HARRY JEFFS Secretary of thc Evangelical Oontinental Society, London M ANY of the Protestant lions of people strongly under churches of the Continent Communist anti-religious influence. are struggling heroically to The young men and women who · ,i .. hold their own in the face of great will be the citizens and the wQrkers difficulties-poverty, the disorgani- of the future are being brQught up r I' zation of strong churches by the "without hope and without God in !- breaking up of the old Empires for the world," their minds poisoned the creation of new States, and in at the source, and prepared to be some cases by the QPpressive treat- easy victims to every temptation ment of Protestant national minor- that will beset them and a danger ities that have been incorporated to. the stability of society and the in new States. State.

On the Qther side these churches France of the Continent are threatened, The Protestant churches of along with the Roman Catholic France are striving bravely to Church itself, by a widely spread adapt themselves to the new con- atheistic Communism, which scoffs ditions and to play, as they have at all religion, and would destroy always played in the past, a part all churches and religious institu- greatly in excess of their numerical (, tions in the interest of a class-hat- strength, which is not more than a ing "Proletariat." The source of million in a forty millions popula- this bitter relentless atheism, with tion. The French Protestant budg- its destruction of all moral stand- et for Foreign Missions exceeds by ards, is Soviet Russia, where the £20,000 the budget for the home partial tolerance, for a time ac- churches. Those churches have corded to certain Evangelical taken over in a friendly way a bodies, has been withdrawn and number of the former London Mis- conditions have been imposed that sionary Society's stations in Mad- make it almost impossible for a re- agascar, the stations of the Ger- ligious community to worship at man Mission 'in the CameroQns, and all, and absolutely impossible for also maintain missions on the any evangelistic work to be done. Congo and in Cochin-China.

A "League of the Godless," formed At the present time the French to attack all religion, to. bring churches are confronted with a young people up in the starkest new and difficult problem in the atheism, and to scoff at all the migration of young men and wom- moral and spiritual standards en from agricultural areas to the created by the Christian faith, has growing industrial areas where enrolled in Soviet Russia alone better wages can be earned, and to more than a million members. But Paris and other cities. This means II this movement is not confined to that once flourishing and self-sup- Russia. In the new working class porting small churches are finding " I~ suburbs of Paris, for instance, it difficult to keep their heads above there are something like two mil- water, and that the migrating 571 572 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [August young people find themselves for Evangelicals in Cuba and the other the most part without a Protestant Spanish-American Republics. In church within reasonable reach in the end the sessions had to be held their new settlement and exposed in a church hall that seated only to influences that may speedily lead 400, the remaining 300 having to to their being lost to the churches listen in other places to broadaltogether. This has led to meas- casted transmission by means of ures being taken to follow them up loud speakers. Rigorous censorin some way by a "Ministry of the ship of the press was exercised to Dispersion." "We must evangelize prevent even mention of the Conor perish" was the note struck at gress in the papers. The most libthe Biennial Synod of the Evangel- eral-minded Spaniards, and their ical Free Churches of France at number is growing, are hoping that in the new Constitution that Moncoutant. is being shaped there will be at Spain least some steps taken to give Evangelicals reasonable liberty of As compared with France, worship and evangelization. In where the Protestant churches suf- spite of all the difficulties, good fer no hindrances from the govern- work is being carried on by these ment and 'have equal rights with Spanish Evangelical Churches. the Roman Catholic Church, the Evangelicals of Spain carryon Belgium their mission of preaching and teaching a pure Gospel faith, in the The 10,000 or so Protestants, in face of bitter repressive activities. a population of 7,000,000, are, as Every obstacle "is put in the way of the million Protestants of France evangelists and colporteurs, and and the small minorities in other every pretext is used to stop their Roman Catholic countries, a very work, even fines and imprisonment worthy remnant. There are two are inflicted for alleged breaches sections of the Protestants. One, of regulations. Last September an the Union of the Evangelical Evangelical Congress was held at Churches of Belgium, receiving Barcelona, to which came delegates concurrent endowment from the from many countries, including State, is known as "The National Cuba, and other ex-Spanish coun- Church." The other, relying entries of Central and Southern tirely on the voluntary contribu- America. The delegates numbered tions of its members, supplemented 700, and there was no evangelical by contributions from Protestants church or hall in the city large where Protestants are in a much enough for the sessions to be held stronger position, is the Christian in. Application to the Governor of Missionary Church of Belgium. the Province and the city authori- The two Churches are on the best ties to hire a hall large enough was of terms, linked in a Federation, refused. And yet among the dele- and are united in missionary work gates were leading men of the ex- on the Belgian Congo. Spanish West Indian and American dominions, and there were Ita.ly petitions from those Republics asking that the same liberties should In Italy the Waldensian Church, be granted to Evangelical commu- with its long and noble history, is nities in Spain as are conceded to doing successful mission work, not only in the north, but in the south ings are held in farm buildings and of Italy and in Sicily. The Evan- often in «ottages. The people de- gelical Continental Society has for vour ravenously the Bible readings many years helped its work. The and the simple Gospel messages.

Italian Government gives full lib- They are for the most part so poor erty to the Protestant churches, that Mr. Bychinsky said few tasted and is not at all disposed to allow meat more than three or four times the schools to be captured by the a year. "We are prepared to suf- Vatican, in spite of the recent re- fer," he said, "as you suffered in storation of the nominal temporal past generatIOns, but we do need power of the Pope. and ask for your sympathy and Eastern Europe help. We are organizing a Church in which the Lutheran and Re- The German churches have be- formed sections are forgetting come a most important factor in their differences and uniting. We saving religion in the East of Eu- do ask that no attempt will be rope. They are alive to the need and made to come into our country t ,_ the opportunity and work with the with the intention of starting new Central European Bureau for In- divisive sects."

~r ter-Church Aid, of which Dr. Adolf Evangelical Continental Society Keller, of Geneva, is the untiring I and inspiring Director. An aston- In addition to its nearly eighty ishing spiritual revival is spread- years encouragement of Evangeli- ing like wildfire through the thirty cal Churches, the Evangelical Con- millions of Ukrainians in the new tinental Society is associated with Poland and in Soviet Russia. The the Central European Bureau and, revival began with Ukrainian pris- therefore, takes an active sympa- oners of war in German camps, thetic interest in the support of who came under the influence of Evangelical Churches in the whole the camp chaplains. On their re- of Europe. The Society, by its turn they began to preach and read booklets, has already done much the Scriptures, with results such to inform the minds and enlist the as those that followed the preach- sympathy of British Evangelicals ings and readings of Wiclif's in the concerns of the Continental "Poor Preachers" and the preach- Churches. It acts as a bureau of ers sent out by Luther. Dr. Zoeck- information and has given much ler, of Stanislaw, Poland, who has information asked for by corre- much of the evangelistic and or- spondents with regard to English- 0j( ganizing genius of John Wesley, speaking services on the Continent, I has built up at Stanislaw a great Protestant educational institutions .1 institution for spiritual training and the like. Its committee and I I and benevolel'lt work. council include leaders of most of Mr. Bychinsky, of Lemberg, Po- the Evangelical Free Churches and land, has proved to be a tireless Evangelicals of the Church of Eng- and capable organizer of the com- land. It aims solely at assisting the munities being created by the con- indigenous historic churches of the verts of the Revival. The country Continent, with no thought of pros- ~ j, people flock to the meetings from elytising in the interest of any '.' the whole district around. Meet- British denomination. BY THE REV. CH. MERLE D'AUBIGNE, D.D.

President, SociIJU Oentrale Evang{;/ique, Paris T HE conditions in which we conviction that our duty and our are pursuing our work in privilege is to bring the Gospel of France are rapidly changing. Jesus to our people. And it is be- In fact we have seen since the War, ing brought to them, deliberately in the spiritual and religious realm, and perseveringly, by our general a complete transformation. The evangelistic agencies: the Societe materialistic and agnostic philos- Centrale EvangeIique, the Cause, ophy, which, with Taine and Re- the McAll Mission as well as by the nan, had reigned supreme during various home mission committees fifty years, has been replaced by working in connection with our re- another infinitely more respectful gional Synods and Presbyteries.

of the tenets of the Christian faith In our Reformed Evangelical and mindful of the spiritual nature Church a great deal of attention of man. The Roman Catholic has been given to the deepening of Church, which had lost its hold on the spiritual life among our mem- the mass of the French people, is bers and to a more devout appre- developing a remarkable activity ciation of the Sacrament of the in all spheres of human enterprise: Lord's Supper. An effort to raise social, political, scientific and more the minimum salary of all our pas- than all literary, and by the zeal of tors and evangelists from £70 to its priests, its work among the £104 a year, has been the means of young, its schools and colleges, its increasing considerably the Iiber- mISSIOns and "retreats," the ality of our people, but has weighed strengthening of its sacramental heavily upon the finances of all our action, it is endeavoring and has, churches and societies. It is en- in a great measure, succeeded in couraging to note that, in spite of retrieving the losses it had made the very low amount of these emol- during the last half century. The uments, the number of young men working classes and peasantry are who are offering themselves for the still generally indifferent or hostile, ministry is steadily increasing.

but the well-to-do and educated are Not for many years have we had being won back rapidly to the in- as many fresh theological students fluence of the Church. entering our colleges: 17 in Mont- This change of atmosphere is pellier, 13 in Paris, 12 in Stras- naturally affecting our own work. burg. Our Paris Missionary Col- The days are past when mass move- lege has been transformed, our ments towards Protestantism took future missionaries will henceforth I place among the Roman Catholic be prepared in our Divinity Halls population and ex-priests sought and after graduation will spend a admittance into our Reformed min- year at the Missionary House for j istry. Our propaganda has to special training. J adapt itself to the new conditions Our Paris Missionary Society in I, and our enrolment of converts has spite of grievous financial difficul- to be made one by one. But there ties, is going ahead in its nine fields is no wavering among us of the of work in Africa, Madagascar and 574 I~ • the Pacific Islands, and is contem- son to be thankful for the spirit of plating a forward move'in Soudan enterprise manifested in our vari- from Senegal. ous schemes, and we are hopeful On the whole, and notwithstand- for the future of the Lord's work ing our deficiencies, we have rea- in our fair land of France.

.'" HELP FOR EUROPEAN CHURCHES BY THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE BUREAU .- ~. T HE Central Bureau for Re- tide over a temporary shortage of lief was instituted in 1922 as food and clothing. About 200 the- the relief agency of Protest- ological students were enabled to ant churches for helping their sis- finish the studies that poverty ter churches in Europe which were would have compelled them to stricken by the War and its after- abandon, and a new ministry is effects. Up to the close of 1928, being built up for the religious life the American office raised $637,- of the Continent. Promising evan- 382. The European churches col- gelical movements in various parts lected $301,024 during the same of Eastern Europe have received period. The American office took support. The reconstruction of the $62,500 as its goal for the year French Protestant churches de- 1929, and went over the top, re- stroyed by shell-fire was completed.

ceiving $62,922.71, in spite of the Above all, a bond of sympathy has current financial depression. been created between the churches tI A far greater achievement, how- here and those abroad, which has ever, lies in what this sum accom- greatly increased their sense of plished. During the years 1923 world-wide Protestant solidarity.

and 1924 the bureau kept hundreds After an earnest plea by the .,. of pastors and religious workers European churches at an interna- from actual starvation. More than tional conference at Basle, Switzer- 75 Protestant orphanages and old land, in August, 1929, the Ameri- peoples' homes were saved from can Executive Committee voted to having to close their doors. More continue for another five years.

than a hundred others received The Bureau looks toward an an- grants which enabled them to make nual goal of $50,000, or a total of absolutely necessary repairs or to $250,000 for the five-year period.

JOHN H. HILL, MISSIONARY AND EDUCATOR BY E. J. CODY, NEW YORK T HIS year marks the centenni- fellow men, and if any land ever al of the Episcopal Mission to needed help it was the Greece of Greece. Missions are usually that day. Ground under the heel of sent to those to whom the Gospel is Turkish oppression for four cen- II unknown and obviously it has been turies, the urge of a free people known in Greece since the time of for their rights culminated in the Christ; but there is still another Seven Years War and continued Christian duty, that of aiding our until the combined fleets of Eng-

land, Russia and France destroyed on July 18, 1831, they opened the the Turco-Egyptian fleet. During doors of their own home in Athens the struggle, the sympathy of the to all poor children of the city.

entire civilized world was aroused, Four years later their daily at- and men like Dr. S. Howe, of tendance had risen to over 750 America, and Lord Byron, of Eng- pupils. That their work was ap- land, together with Philhellenes preciated is shown by the manner from many other countries, enlist- in which the parents rushed to the ed in the Greek army and many of defense of the school when several them gave their lives while in its influential papers attacked them service. for teaching religion. These peo- Peace was declared in 1829, and ple, high in governmental, adminis- many governments aided Greece in trative and commercial circles, her efforts to achieve self govern- quickly defeated this attack, but it ment and economic independence. served to bring the good work of With a knowledge of the needs of Dr. Hill to the notice of the Gov- these people and a belief that ernment.

Christians were more responsible The Hills had been content up for the welfare of their fellow men to this time to teach all those who than governments, the Board of the came to their doors, but a peculiar Protestant Epi~copal Missionary combination of circumstances de- Society appointed the Rev. John veloped which resulted in Dr. Hill Henry Hi)J, D.D., LL.D., as mis- introducing and establishing mod- sionary to Greece. Although born ern education in Greece. Kapodis- in England, he was educated in this trias headed the Government at country, both at Columbia College that time and had little sympathy and the Theological Seminary at with education. He had been Alexandria, Virginia. Shortly after trained at the Russian court and his ordination he married. Sail- believed that educated masses were ing from Boston, they landed at too inflammable and had too much Syra, one of the islands of the tendency to revolt, so he took no Grecian archipelago, Dec. 7, 1830. steps to supply the badly needed The conditions they found were ap- schools until public opinion defi- palling. Poverty, misery, ignor- nitely forced him. When con- ance and superstition were on fronted with this necessity, he de- every hand. Schools and churches cided to import several Bavarian had been prohibited by the TurkIsh educators, having been impressed Government and the amount of il- by their autocratic attitude and literacy was matched only by the contempt for the peasant class. The perverted religious tradition which superior bearing of these men al- resulted from the attempt of the ienated the students, while their Turks to graft Mohammedanism methods and discipline eventually on the Greek Christian faith of caused an open rebellion. This re- the people. volt of the students was so strongly The Hills spent several months supported by the people that the inspecting their new territory and system was abolished.

in analyzing the needs of the peo- Mystoxides, the Minister of Edu- ple. They decided that more could cation, knowing the position of be accomplished by educating chil- esteem and affection in which Dr.

dren than in any other manner, so Hill was held by all classes, finally

JOHN H. HILL, MISSIONARY AND EDUCATOR

asked him to open a teacher's col- at long intervals. His few remain- lege where native Greeks might fit ing relatives still smile when they themselves to fill positions in the remember his embarrassment at various schools and universities having to relearn English upon which were being established. Dr. his arrival. In the school and in Hill agreed on the condition that their own household the Hills used he was to select half of the pupils the Greek tongue. In 1869, he re- for the school and defray half of signed as active head of the school, -.1' _ the expense, the Government bear- feeling that his advanced age un- ing the remainder of the cost and fitted him for further efficient selecting the other pupils. Mys- direction, turning the school over toxides agreed to this and the new to Miss Bessie Masson, his wife's school was opened. Due to the small niece. He remained on the adviso- number of teachers available, only ry board, however, until his death twenty-five students were admitted on July 1, 1882.

the first year. As time went on this He was buried in the mission class became larger and after an cemetary at Athens at public ex- intensive course in pedagogic meth- pense, with the honors of a Grand ods, the graduates gradually filled Commander, before a °great crowd the various schools and universities of people representing every class of the country. This class con- of society. The city council of tinued until the various schools Athens voted to erect a monument were able to train their own pupils commemorating his services with as teachers. the love and gratitude of the Demos In 1835, the many weary months of Athens, an honor never before of overwork and nerve strain accorded to anyone. Two years threatened Mrs. Hill with a nerv- later, in 1884, Mrs. Hill joined her ous breakdown and she returned husband in his last rest.

to America for a rest. On the day A century has elapsed since the she sailed, King Otho wrote, ex- foundation of this school and thou- pressing his pleasure and grati- sands of children have passed into tude for her work and conferred on its doors to emerge as cultured her a gold medal as a lasting token women. Not only in Greece but of his appreciation. Dr. Hill ar- all up and down the Mediterra- dently desired to accompany and nean, Greek women living far from care for her on that long trip, but Athens send their daughters to it.

his work in connection with the That the high cultural, intellec- '(0 newly opened school held him in tual and spiritual level Dr. Hill Greece. Mrs. Hill arrived in the visioned lives after him is shown United States in the summer of by a letter from the Honorable C.

1835. Under the care of friends Gondicas, Minister of Education she quickly recovered, held numer- and Religion, dated December 18, ous conferences with other educa- 1928, wherein he writes: "I am tors, and by appeals to friends and glad to tell you that the Hill School others interested in the work be- is very wellknown to this Ministry ing done, was able to return to as one of the best schools in !I Greece with several thousand dol- Qreece; as much for its regular lars for further improvements. and efficient work, as for the really Dr. Hill remained in Greece all great services which it has rend- his life, coming to this country only ered to female education."

2

PEACEFULLY ON THE

BY THE REV. GEORGE H. TRULL Secretary oj the Presbyterian Board oj Foreign Missions, New York· .t MID wars and rumors of wars, America. Yet this is war-torn, f l charges and counter-charges distraught China!

of General Yen Hsi Shan and Quite probably, lurking in or be- of President Chiang Kai Shek, I yond the hills I see, there may be am sailing peacefully up the Yang- roving bands of bandits. A man tze toward Hankow, China's Pitts- was kidnapped during the week burgh or smoky mill city. On the within 13 miles of Nanking. As I left is the fading outline of beau- walked along the streets of Soo- tiful Purple Mountain, sloping chow three days ago, my com- gracefully 1,300 feet skyward back panion pointed out to me a poster of Nanking. On the right is a level that was still wet with the paste plain in the foreground, green to that attached it to the pillar. "Do the very rivet's edge with growing you see that character?" he said.

reeds. A few cattle are grazing in I looked and saw. It was as strange the distance. Back of them are to my foreign eyes as any other of trees and rising ground. A house the many thousands of written here and there, or a collection of characters our Chinese friends use them in a small village, peeks out for the conveyance of ide a s.

in the landscape. Back of them on "Well," said my friend, "That char- an elevation of the foothills I see a acter means 'man.' It is placed temple, and on beyond a pagoda upside down and that means a 'lost rises from the top of a higher hill man' or a man who is out of place.

as protection from evil for the He has probably been kidnapped dwellers in village and countryside. and this poster relates to him."

Against the sky, in the background Yesterday evening's paper records of this picture there rises a range the fact that two days ago in of higher hills or lower mountain Shanghai, Mr. Tong Tzezeu, one of peaks in graceful undulation. Their the compradores (highly paid and sides are not bare and barren, as I trusted employee) of the Bank of had expected to see all of China's Communications, was kidnapped mountains, but clad from base to by a band of four armed men as summit with verdure. They are he was leaving his front door for not completely forested it is true, his office and was about to enter but neither are their slopes barren his private automobile at the curb.

and sunbaked. The range parallels The chauffeur was shot in the the river and over it are resting shoulder as he attempted to aid his banks of stationary clouds – the employer. The bandits put Mr.

whole an area of quietness and Tong into his own car and drove peace in the countryside such as is away before bystanders realized found in many a spot of our own what was happening. This was • Mr. Trull is visiting the missions In Asia. before office hours in the morning. His "Travel Letters" are so interesting that we At five p. m. Mr. Tong's car was wish they could be printed in full. Space found on Ping Tsi Lee Road in the limits, however, permit us to cite only a few French Concession, but he was not portions. We hope to give extracts from other letters in subsequent issues.-EDITOR.

578 ,.,..t.

in it. The technique reads like that steam past the danger zone of " of American bandits making off South China.

with bank deposits or registered A friend who made a visit to the mail pouches. The Shanghai police missions some time ago, traveling are investigating the case. westward, told me that by the time Monday morning Chinese sol- he reached Canton he looked at diers arrested two armed robbers things with a glassy stare. Impres- in the act of holding up a shroff sions failed to register. We have .( . (business agent) aboard a Shang- come eastward to Canton and be- hai-Hangchow train as it was pass- yond, a longer route, and we no ing through Lunghwa Station, longer feel for the camera when a about half an hour out of Shang- donkey appears on the sidewalk, hai. We were over this line last nor exclaim with surprise when his week and we noticed that when the hoarse and strange bray rends the conductor passed through the train still air. We do still thrill, how- to collect tickets, four soldiers ac- ever, at the sight of a Chinese junk companied him. Such a procedure on river or canal with its broad ,. on the Philadelphia and Reading picturesque sails set to the breeze, Express or. the Santa Fe Chief and at the beauty of the camel would be regarded by the pas- back bridges over canals with sengers as a bit unusual. But in gently rising steps from either end China "there's a reason," and no to the middle, shaped underneath one questions the logic of it. to a semi-circular arch from the Further south on the coast below two banks. We rej oice, too, in the , Hongkong dwell the descendants, curved lines of the Chinese roofs, I as far as trade is concerned, of the their figured decorations and their buccaneers of the old Spanish color tones. China has for us a Main. They are men of a different charm peculiarly its own, and is race from those who roamed the registering impressions on mem- Caribbean Sea years ago, but they ory which we trust may linger with are akin to them in purpose, dar- us long.

ing and adventure. They have Our boat to Hankow, six hun- terrorized small coastal shipping, dred miles up the Yangtze from f' the countryside, and up the Pearl Shanghai, the "Kutwo," is a com- River to Canton and beyond. They fortable river craft, with large boast that some day they will board sleeping cabins, a combined dining a large liner, pilot it to one of their room and lounge, wide decks with lairs and strip it of such booty as steamer and other comfortable they want. This seems an idle chairs in which to recline and en- threat, however. The intelligent joy relexation as the eye rests on among the pirates, who alone might the changing scenery. I was told stage such a performance, know that the trip to Hankow was one well that wealthy travellers carry of the most restful in China, and their money in checks and not cash, the first few hours of the experience ., and that booty in a liner's hold is supports this claim. It is differ- too bulky to remove quickly and ent from another boat trip that we I could not be readily handled or con- have had along China's shores and verted into coin. So let world I would recommend this one as travelers and others on the liners others have to me.

rest easy on their pillows as they Yesterday my host pointed out "

to me on a map the region in which cause of a motive. All honor to he and the other evangelistic mis- our heralds of the News! sionaries at Nanking itinerate. It The scheduled time for the upis their country field. Miss Jane river boat to leave Nanking for Hyde is out there now. He showed Hankow is six a. m. and inquiries me the two points between which of the line's agents confirmed this she was t r a vel i n g yesterday. report. Folks told us that boats "What is the mode of conveyance?" often do not get away until noon I asked. "Wheelbarrow or don- or later. Who wants to take the key's back" was the reply. Neither chance, however, when a set itinis as restful as my present trip on erary up-country is dependent on the "Kutwo." There is no other the steamer? Why not phone the way, however, by which to go dock before getting up and find out through some parts of the country when the "Kutwo" will arrive? field in China today, unless one There are three objections to so walks or is carried in a sedan chair. sensible a thing; there is no tele- Roads are being constructed in and phone in the home where you are near the large cities for use by staying; there is no connection in motor cars, and within the next the office of the steamer on the hulk few years thousands of miles of of a discarded boat tied to the river highways will connect all parts of bank; the office on said hulk opens China with one another. This era at nine a. m. of wide roads is just beginning, In the circumstances, would you however. .For centuries one of the rise early and go down to the dock most traveled highways in China, on the supposition that the "Kutwo" hundreds of miles long, was but might be waiting there for you, or twenty-seven inches wide, sufficient would you roll over and take anfor chair bearers to walk on. It other nap? Well, we rose early has now been widened part of the and drove nearly six miles to the way for the use of the automobile. river. We reached the dock at Perhaps in no other land than 6: 30 a. m., as we knew the boat China will one see today so many would hardly leave within half an different modes of transportation hour if she should chance to arrive and travel, the most primitive in on time. We boarded the hulk alcontrast with the most modern. ready mentioned. No benches were For years to come there will be in sight. An iron capstan or two many a hamlet far removed from were visible but not inviting, so we train, steamer or highway. Into looked in the cabin windows and these places, as well as into the saw the desks and chairs of the large centers, will still go the mes- company's office. An obliging emsengers of good tidings of salva- ployee, who we discovered was a tion, as they are now going and as member of one of our churches, they have gone since the beginning told us we might use the office for of the missionary enterprise in writing purposes. So we brought China. Miss Hyde and other evan- our portable into action. About gelistic missionaries think little of ten o'clock, smoke on the eastern the discomfort of a wheelbarrow horizon indicated the approach of or of a donkey's back. They use the "Kutwo." There was quite a them as means for a message be- bit of loading to be done, and by

SAILING PEACEFULLY ON THE YANGTZE

a 2: 15 p. m. she loosed her moorings the former, the deposit of the coffin and set her prow up-river for on the ground might be only tem- Hankow. porary location, until removal to Impressions of China's Millions the permanent tomb. In locating the proper spot for the final rest- Massed multitudes, living and ing place, the soothsayer is ordi- dead! This is one of the very dis- narily consulted by the supersti- tinct impressions of my first days tious. He also advises as to the on Chinese soil. It is one thing to lucky day for the final rites. If a read the figures 400,000,000; it is person dies far from the ancestral another to come in direct contact home and there is a family burial .' with this vast multitude of human plot, effort will be made by his sur- beings, a fourth of the human race. vivors to place his body with the .., THE BOA'l' POPULA'l'ION AT CANTON Many times 400,000,000 have fin- ancestors even though it may be ished their struggle for existence. years before this is accomplished.

In the fields, on the hillsides every- Regard for ancestors is one of where, one sees mounds covering the characteristics of the Chinese.

the mortal remains of the dead. In It is a worthy trait, serving often- parts of China it is not the custom times as a restraint from evil doing to inter, but to place the coffins on and as an incentive to good. Chil- the top of the ground. We saw dren are early taught filial piety them there without any cover and they respect old age. The dead .' whatever, the lids deteriorating are not forgotten by the living. In from the effects of the weather. many cases, there is evidently fear . (, Some have a covering of straw as to what the departed may do if matting; on others earth is heaped their spirits are not properly re- . , i- or there is a brick covering or a spected; but mingled with this is I" stone or concrete mausoleum. In also filial regard and a deep feeling the latter cases, these were the final of unity with those who have gone resting places of the departed. In on before. I was in South China

in early April when people visit the roadway, he is surrounded by a graves, bringing food and paper curious yet friendly throng who money. They burn the money so simply stare, evidently wondering that the souls of the departed may why the stranger stops instead of have in the spirit world provision proceeding. There must be some for existence there. Incense is also cause, so "Let's stop too and find burned as an offering, and a paper out," reasons the bystander. If streamer, attached to a stick, or a you are inclined to shop, the entire branch of a willow tree, is stuck neighborhood of the store is inter- into the ground to keep away evil ested. Some brass locks attracted spirits. The significance of these my attention one day as I walked rites doubtless differs with the in- down a narrow street. The fact dividuals engaging in them. Com- that I was interested in locks mon to all is belief in the existence aroused the interest of passersby of the departed in the spirit world in me, as a possible purchaser. So and a desire to pay tribute to them. they stopped to watch the for- Among the boat population of eigner negotiate a purchase of Canton I saw willow branches at- about thirty cents value. They tached to the bows of most of the wanted to see my selection and sampans, "slipper" boats and junks hear the bargaining. One at- as tribute to the ancestors whose tracted another and soon there was bodies rest not under any mound quite a group in front of the shop on land but beneath the waters of opening on the street, blocking the the river. sidewalk. A Chinese might have It wa~ my first sight of the boat bought that lock without attract- dwellers on the river at Canton, ing notice, but for the foreigner to thousands huddled together like do it caused a traffic jam. If New sardines in a tin, that gave me a York's majority resident popula- novel impression of China's massed tion were black-haired, yellow- multitudes. I have seen large skinned, with almond-shaped black crowds on shore many a time. But eyes, they too would linger for a never before have I seen little "sight see" of a barbarian with "slipper" boats, about four feet light hair, white skin, and round j wide by fifteen or twenty feet long, blue eyes buying radio material ~ some bigger, crowded side by side from a sidewalk store on Cortlandt t in one great mass. The breadth of Street. Human nature is about the life for these river folk is well same whether in Canton, China, or I typified by the size of their craft. Canton, Ohio. It is not a man's They are born, live and die within race but his human nature that j cramped quarters. Life to them is makes him curious and eager to meager in its content. Years spent see the strange and novel. I was j within eighty square feet of space looking for what was to me strange is a narrow range for existence. and novel in China. The Chinese I On shore, there are also multi- were looking at what was to them tudes, swarming in and out of the strange and novel, myself. We J narrow streets, dodging rickshas, were therefore both alike. The …. heavily laden drays pulled by men, only difference was that there hap- .,J carriages, automobiles, buses and pened to be more of them than of trucks. If a foreigner stops, even me, and so they jammed the street for a moment, on the sidewalk or in front of the shop.

AND THE CHINESE

BY T. A. BISSON Research Department of the Foreign Policy AS80ciation T HE question has been re- to China were in default, and while . peatedly raised in recent China still lacked a stable govern- months why various groups ment to underwrite the new issues.

in the United States that should be The attitude prevailing in Americooperating whole-heartedly to- can business circles was officially ward relief of the Chinese famine sanctioned by the report of a Red are quite evidently working at Cross delegation that visited China cross purposes. The American during the summer of 1929. Acting people have not been deaf to the on this report, the central commit- call for relief; well over $1,000,- tee of the American Red Cross in 000 has been contributed in the September, 1929, decided against last two years. But the appeal has entering upon famine relief. not been unanimous, and the re- The positions adopted by these sponse has therefore not been ade- influential groups in the United quate to the need. Mr. Grover States rest upon three contentions: Clark, former editor of the Peking 1. That the famine is not a natural Leader, recently returned from the calamity but the result of internal famine district, has estimated that political dissensions; 2. That the at least 5,000,000 people have al- existing political disorder renders ready died as a direct result of this relief aid from the outside ineffec- famine in northwest China, and tive and impracticable; 3. That that at least another 2,000,000 will foreign aid in relief work lessens be dead before the next crops come the sense of responsibility of the in. In other words, before the fam- Chinese for dealing with the famine is ended it will have killed more ine problem. than half as many people as the The answer to the first of these World War killed in Europe. Why contentions is unequivocal. For has there been no effective nation- three consecutive growing seasons wide mobilization of the resources very small crops or no crops at all of the United States on a scale suf- have been harvested in China's ficient to meet this need? vast northwest, owing to the scar- It is no secret that those who are city of rainfall. Mr. Grover Clark genuinely interested in relieving writes: the situation in China have found This long continued drought is the it impossible to stir the controlling basic cause of the famine …… Milibusiness interests of the United tary disturbances, incidental to the States into activity. A number of quarreling of the various chieftains American banking firms have been for self-preservation or power, unapproached with the proposition of questionably contributed to the sever- ity of the effects of the drought. But setting up a Chinese credit for the they were not the primary cause-as purchase of food supplies. These is sufficiently demonstrated by the fact firms replied that they could not that, while military disturbances have assume the responsibility for new been considerably worse in the Yangcredits while previous loans made tze valley and southern China than i~ 583

the north, there has been no famine rent and future income of the governthere because there has been no ment which floated the loan. This drought. loan, made by the present Govern- ment, was therefore definitely more The second contention-that po- of a sacrifice for relief than anything litical disorder renders relief aid which the Government did in 1920-21. from the outside impracticable-is contradicted by the experience of In other words, the Chinese, 'both the China International Famine as private citizens and governmentally, Relief Commission, unquestionably have shown in this famine a much the ablest and most experienced greater sense of responsibility for body now dealing with famine pre- meeting the relief needs of their own vention and relief in China. In a people than they did in the last big statement issued November 6,1929, famine. the executive committee of this organization stated: This statement was penned be- fore the catastrophe of the past In its actual administration of re- winter had occurred. The most conclusive proof that relief from lief, the China International Famine the outside can be effectively ad- ministered has been afforded in the Relief Commission has received the past three months. At the request of the Federal Council of Churches, cooperation of the Chinese authorities the Foreign Missions Conference and the National Christian Counto the fullest' extent. In spite of the cil of China, a campaign for $2,- 000,000 has been conducted in the disturbed conditions, the relief work United States. Since February 1, 1930, the China Famine Relief has has gone forward without interference cabled $525,000 to the National Christian Council of China, which by bandits or others. The total losses is supervising the administration of funds. In May food was being even indirectly chargeable to the dis- distributed in twenty-two counties on the Shensi plateau. Seed beans turbed conditions have amounted to to the amount of 300 tons have also been delivered into Shensi for less than Mex. $800 (Gold $400) in a planting. This relief has been ad- ministered despite the fighting that total of relief supplies and money dis- has been taking place in the neigh- boring provinces. The military tributed of over Mex. $2,000,000 (Gold and civil 'authorities in north China have cooperated to the utmost; $1,000,000). ' and no seizures by bandits or sol- diers have occurred. The third contention:-that foreign aid lessens the sense of re- The campaign of the China Fam- ine Relief has demonstrated withsponsibility of the Chinese-is also out possibility of cavil the praccontroverted in the November ticability of relief. It is time for statement of the China Interna- the creation of a unanimity of tional Famine Relief Commission. public opinion in the United States This body states that the Chinese that will meet the basic challenge have taken presented by the Chinese famine.

proportionately and actually a much larger share in the relief work during this present famine than they did in the famine of 1920-1921. The nongovernmental Chinese gifts so far in the present famine have been nearly twice the total from the same source in 1920-21, even though the period of the famine appeal has not been so long …… Relief supplies were moved without charge on government railways, and all taxes were remitted on such materials. The famine relief loan of 1929 did directly affect cur-

IS CHANGING INDIA?

BY DELAVAN L. PIERSON TRAVEL LETTER No.5, PART 2 * T HE medical arm of missions helping to transform Indian homes is another great force that is by teaching sanitation, the laws of transformingIndia and chang- health, the care of children, and ing the Indian attitude ,toward the prevention of diseases. It is Christ. We visited eleven mission difficult up-hill work, but there are hospitals and dispensaries, besides a spirit and power in the minis- a number of leper asylums and tries of healing that have done some government hospitals and In- much to break down prejudice, dian medical institutioIlS. There open homes and open hearts.

was a great contrast in staffs and Practically all the mission hos- equipment from those with most pitals employ Christian catechists modern buildings, electric lights and Bible women to work among and appliances, and a full quota of the patients. Those who come to doctors and nurses, to the hospitals the dispensaries and clinics hear housed in old unsanitary buildings, the Gospel and carry away Chris- using oil lamps, makeshift appara- tian tracts and Gospel portions.

tus and very limited' staff. It Many doctors and nurses-would seemed evident, how~ver, that effi- that it were true of all-do per- ciency was not dependent on the sonal work among the patients in quantity or quality: of the equip- the hospitals and villages, hold ment. Bible classes, and seek to win to In one city, where the mission Christ those whose hearts have hospital has mud floors, poor light- ?een made tender through suffer- ing, and much improvised appara- mg and sympathetic help. From tus, the government hospital has Ambala, we went with Dr. Eliza- more beds, better equipment, elec- beth Lewis and a Biblewoman, to tric lights and a larger staff. The hold a Gospel meeting in a neigh- mission hospital charges fees for boring village. How attentively operations anq medicines, while the women and children listened to service and medicines at the gov- the story of the Great Physician ernment hospital are free. Not- who heals the soul as wen as the withstanding this contrast, the body!

mission hospital had more patients A wonderful medical missionary last year than was shown in the center has been built up at Vellore, report of the government institu- Arcot District, where Dr. Ida tion. There is the plus of sym- Scudder has been enabled to estab- pathy, loving care, and the Spirit !ish a hospital, a training school of Christ shown by the missiona- for nurses, and a medical college ries that the patients have learned for women. From this center, she to value even more than medicine and her fellow doctors go out week- and free beds. ly to minister healing to villages Christian medical work is also for seventy miles around.

Work for lepers is also carried • On account of pressure upon the space in on .at sixty-eight mission centers, the Home Mission Number in July. only the beSIdes that conducted by doctors first part of Mr. Pierson's Travel Letter No. in their regular practice. This is 5 was published in that issue. The second section is now given herewith.

585

a wonderful Christian object les- The homes for untainted chilson. Formerly, these poor unfor- dren show what can be done to tunates were considered cursed by prevent the spread of leprosy, and the gods and were left to suffer many of these children become and die. Today, thousands are Christian workers. The medical tenderly cared for and are given and the rescue work are helping new hope for a cu~t:!, or find in to change India-and the change Christ the joy and life that leprosy is needed. Men must learn how to treat their wives with consideracannot touch.

DR. IDA SCUDDER AND NURSES AT VELLORE HOSPITAL READY TO GO ON A VISIT TO THE DISTRICT TOWNS As we passed through the leper tion; women must learn that ward at Naini, we saw an old man babies should not be quieted with whose disfigured face was trans- opiates; that children should not figured by the light of Christ as be married; and all sorely need· to he answered our question in regard learn that cleanliness and sexual to his health: "I am well, thank purity promote health of body and "

God, but my wife is suffering." In soul.

reality his body was racked with There are some able Indian phy- t·.

pain and fever, but his heart wassicians and surgeons, like Dr.

at rest. Mittra Das of Moga, and the need

WHAT IS CHANGING INDIA?

for Christian hospitals will doubt- forward and the work of Christian ". less decrease; but there will al- pastors, colporteurs and Bible- ways be a need for the physician women built up the Church of and nurse who minister to both Christ.

body and soul-for the life that "Why do you come to a Chris- now is and for that which is, to tian college rather than go to a come. free government college," I asked There are many other Christian a group of non-Christian students.

forces at work to transform India "Because we find a greater char- -the industrial, agricultural, and acter-building influence here," was other vocational work teaching the the reply. "What are the most dignity of all manual labor and helpful influences you find in this that self-support, character build- college that might be lacking else- ing and usefulness go hand in where?" "Higher moral standards, hand. The distribution of Scrip- better companions, Bible study, ture portions and Christian litera- college chapel services, Christ, the ture carries the Gospel to those on influence of Christian masters in railway trains, in bazaars, and in the hostels," were some of the re- J! villages where living witnesses plies.

would not be welcome. At Kedgaon This means personal ministry, we saw an elderly missionary lady, and it would be difficult to estimate seventy-five years of age, who the amount of work done or the daily visits the railway station as results of such testimony at melas, each train comes in, distributing in district work, in bazaars, in tracts and Gospels. "A verse may connection with church work, and find him who a sermon flees." in the visits to homes by zenana "What do you consider the great- workers and others.

est force for bringing the people of One thing obviously troubled India to Christ," I asked a group many mlssIOnaries and Indian of Indian Christians, including Christians-the fact that when pastors and teachers. "The per- cuts to budgets are found neces- sonal testimony of Christians sary, the evangelistic work is the whose lives commend their words," first and greatest sufferer. The was the answer. This will no large institutions, with their ex- doubt be found to have been the pensive buildings, regular staff most fruitful source of conversions and students or patients, can be in the past. Some have been con- closed only with great difficu1ty verted through reading the Bible and loss. It does not seem so dam- or Christian books, and many have aging to dismiss a few pastors or been attracted to Christ by the other mission agents, or to reduce healing ministries of physicians. their salaries. But the missiona- Great numbers of children have ries feel it, and many contribute received Christian education, but from their meagre salaries to pre- the preaching of the Word of God vent such loss.

in sermon or in personal testimony Those who preach the full and has been most fruitful-according vital Gospel in India have exerted to these Indian Christian brethren. an untold influence in transform- " It has been through this method ing the ideas of India's masses, that the "mass movements" in In- establishing family life on a new dian villages have been carried basis, and building up the Church

of Christ in cities and villages. During our ten weeks tour in But the concensus of Christian India, we learned many things- opinion in India seems to be that including the danger of general the hope for a new India lies in conclusions. We visited the work the proper training of the children of over sixteen denominations and in the way of Christ. This was the societies, from the Salvation Army belief of Pandita Ramabai, who to the Anglican High Church, and gathered thousands of girls into we listened carefully to many di- her home at Kedgaon. Many of verse views of missionaries and these have gone out to teach else- Indian Christians. Some questions where and to establish Christian were raised and some convictions homes. Today, this work is con- expressed that should be shared tinued by the Christian and Mis- with the Church at home.

sionary Alliance, and 600 girls are 1. Adequate equipment and fi- trained in the doctrines of Christ nancial support are important to and in methods of self support. our missionaries at the front, but One of the most impressive spiritual fruitage is not in propor- sights in India is the Christian tion to physical equipment or even village of 400 children and youth- to the size of the staff. The spir- girls rescued from temple service itual equipment of each worker is and boys from the life of the the one great essential for spiritual theatre. In this clean and beauti- results. Therefore the careful se- ful village, the children learn to lection of workers is more impor- know and love Christ as their Sav- tant than the filling of vacancies. , /; iour and Lord. 2. The one great objective in all The "Place of Heavenly Health" Christian mission work is the is on the outskirts of this village, bringing of individuals to Christ ministered to by Christian phy- and their training for intelligent sicians and nurses. Here many and consecrated life and service.

come for the healing of the body The physical, the intellectual, the and find new life for the soul. But industrial and the social work are the center of the village is the important, but unless the personal "House of Prayer," and at the cen- relation of the individual is kept ter of the life in all its departments first, the work which Christ com- is God. Prayer is the natural and missioned us to do is not done- constant means of access to Him. for this life or for eternity.

Between the care of body and of 3. There is great danger in over- soul comes the school for the train- emphasizing institutional work- ing of the mind; but here too God, hospitals, schools, colleges, and in- as revealed in Christ, is the center dustrial work-and allowing them of all stUdy. As a result, beauty to absorb too large a proportion of and joy and health abound. What time, men and money. The Indian a contrast to the sordid, limited Church could not maintain them, life of the ordinary Indian village and too many foreign institutions and to the degrading religious in- develop tasks and habits which un- fluences of a Hindu mela or tem- fit the Indians for their normal "

pIe! If the coming generations of life. '1 India can be brought to know and 4. The study of science, history, follow Christ, India will be economics, psychology and com- changed indeed. parative religion may be and is

important, but for the work of fields and work that cannot be Christ these must be subordinate properly carried on.

to the "Word of God." It is only Second, greater unity; the drop- as we see God in all His works and ping of denominational titles and take His revealed Word as of su- differences and the formation of a preme authority that we become Church of Christ in India.

s t ron g, intelligent Christians. Third, greater spirituality; the "They know God; they know their more widespread adoption of the Bible; and they know man's great- Ashram idea with 'its development est need is for Christ and His sal- of prayer life, Bible study and vation," said an intelligent Indian meditation, sacrificial service, and Christian railway official to me on the spirit of brotherhood.

commending the work of a certain 6. All Christian workers, Indian missionary group. and foreign, need to stress and 5. There is danger lest we feel keep in the foreground the essen- such sympathy with Indians who tial unity of Christ's Church and -j are persecuted for Christ's sake, the oneness of His work. A caste that we fear to urge upon them spirit has been perpetuated in the the necessity of open confession Church in India-at least in some and of following Him at any cost. sections-and this has also sepa- "There would be no Christian rated foreign and Indian Chris- Church in India today," said an tians. Many Indian Christians ex- Indian pastor to me, "if the Chris- pressed the hope that the Church of Christ might soon be one both tian missionaries and early con- in spirit and in name. This can verts had been as hesitant as some only be brought about as the fol- are today to accept persecution and lowers of Christ sink their differ- privation as the lot of the convert ences and draw closer to Him. from Islam or Hinduism." Many believers in Christ are today try- 7. Through all these convictions ing to satisfy themselves by being and hopes runs the need for a greater dependence on God and a "secret disciples." more constant vital fellowship with Him through prayer. The most a "Why cannot I be a follower of precious times of fellowship with mIssIOnaries and with Indian Christ and remain Hindu?" said Christians were times of prayer; a student to me. For answer he but too often the air seemed to be was pointed to the words of Christ so charged with executive duties, about discipleship, ,persecution, committees, business, social amen- separation and confession. Christ ities or other occupations that no must answer such inquirers if they are to be satisfied.

A prominent Indian Christian, time was left for quiet, vital an ardent nationalist and believer prayer. When we realize that we in a Church in India independent cannot change India but that God of foreign control, in answer to the can, we will be more dependent on question: "What would you In- Him and less on money, men, or- dians recommend as the program ganizations and equipment. for the Church in such an event?" India is changing. But He who said: wrought miracles in the past is Fir s t, greater concentration working today. Our confidence is rather than diffusion; giving up in Him.

RURAL CHURCH

BY THE REV. WARREN H. WILSON, D.D.

Director, Town and Country Department, Presbyterian Churl!h in the U. S . ..t.

I HAVE found the study of the are administered now by the Insti- country church a lesson in re- tute of Social and Religious Re- ligion as a whole; it has com- search. ThOey discover solid ground pelled me to view the world as no of fact for our understanding of previous studies did. In this I am rural processes. Before these sur- sure I speak for the men who have veys we argued and differed hope- served the Protestant denomina- lessly, but by their findings, with tions in the United States as Di- the data supplied in other research rectors of Country Church Work. likewise directed by Dean Bailey, We have found ourselves in an in- we know about country life at home ternational and in a religious the- and abroad facts vital to the ater with a spectacle before our church. This research is only in its eyes wider than America, and as beginnings, but the prosecuting of long as time. Now the country it is a wholesome experience. It church in America has begun to puts rural religion in an intellectual influence Foreign Missions. The form, and curiously the result is reason is the same; that the Amer- inspiring, its effect on the mind is ican country church for the past optimistic. Instead of adding to twenty-two years has been con- the discouragements of those who ceived of as an economic-social in- love the country church, research stitution. This conception we owe has stiffened their backs and glad- to President Roosevelt in the later dened their faces. The contribu- years he spent in the White House. tions of the Institute, through Dr.

He received it from Sir Horace Edmund DeS. Brunner as Editor ..

Plunkett, the Irish agrarian re- and as Director, are of priceless ' former, and he, I suppose, from the value to the country pastors and Danes. Dean Liberty Hyde Bailey, to the board secretarieso of Cornell College of Agriculture, The third effect of the country was the mouthpiece of this group. church as a volunteer for world President Kenyon L. Butterfield, service is seen in the discussion of now visiting foreign mission sta- rural missions at the Jerusalem tions in this interest, representing Conference in Holy Week, 1928.

foreign mission conferences, has That discussion had American lead- been for years the best exponent of ers. It enabled the representatives the economic-social religious doc- of mission lands to acquire in a trine; which goes under the title week what American leaders have "The Rural Church." slowly learned in two decades. This Social surveys of rural popula- learning is stated in Volume VI of tions were begun in 1909 by my- the Report of the Conferenceo self, under the impUlse of Dean Briefly it is this: That there are, Bailey, using methods of Professor as Dr. Thomas Jesse Jones says, Giddings in Columbia and Profes- "five essentials of civilization."

sor Henderson in Chicago Univer- To put it otherwise, benevolent and sities. These were continued in the Christian people can give freely Interchurch World Movement and and without fear in five directions; 590 or to restate it, religion works safe- The greatest country church ly in five channels – education, movement was in Scotland 87 years health, play and beauty, agricul- ago when in the Free Church, new- ture, and home making. To help ly separated from the establish- people in these ways does not make ment, a "Sustentation Fund" was them mendicants. In the United established to secure to the rural States we have learned to call these pastors a minimum living. From five the essentials of "the country this experience is descended church program." Every confer- through many changes the plan by ence on the country church assents which every pastor in the Church to them, and they are found in of Scotland is to receive at least every book on the country church, $2,000 and a house, and the author- including the textbook by Father ity of the whole Church is used to O'Hara, the Roman Catholic repre- secure it for him. This plan is sentative of rural churches. called "Maintenance of the Min- The fourth influence of the rural istry." Many of the Free Churches church upon .large affairs is the of western Europe are administer- l recognition of a distinction be- ing their work upon plans of this tween "old work" and "new work" character. A Central Fund suited on a mission field. The boards sup- to the maintenance of the country port pastors and they send mis- church is the key to the plan, and sionaries, but until the rural its operation is so designed as to '~ church was understood we saw no maintain scattered rural congrega- distinction. Until the past twenty tions and churches among the poor years missions were "out West" or in the downtown and congested "abroad"; but now it is evident parts of the city.

that nearly all the activities of our Another service of the rural churches "at home" and some of church in large affairs is its use- those "abroad" are expended in the fulness as basis of national church support of pastors. The recogni- policies. In the union of the " tion of this fact that the boards churches of Canada the reasons for are attaining the likeness of cen- union were found in the condition tral funds came from country of country churches. When the church experience. The Free Scotch were inclined to unite the Churches in European countries Free and State churches they found base their administration upon a their reasons in the condition of Central Fund for the securing to small town and rural communities, pastors of a living; they also do so that the country church fur- mission work in new territory, and nishes an exhibit and a laboratory for the very poor. suitable to the understanding of The country church demands national religious problems.

therefore of our denominations These are some of the impacts that they support their pastors up- of the rural church on large affairs.

on a minimum wage through an I wish to confess that I went into i administration district from the the service of the country church work of missions. This will relieve without any foresight of its im- the boards of missions at home portance. Indeed, I accepted as- and abroad of that whole cluster signment to "The Church and of troubles that go by the name of Country Life," at Charles L.

"self-support." Thompson's request, reluctantly. I

did not expect to find this humble countryman is a sort of egotism of and "decadent!' institution, a wise revolt, his ideals are stated in terms mother, or a sophisticated teacher of persons because he relishes of world interests; but that is just every salty detail of independence, what I found, and so have the other where all are enslaved to the local men who form the "rural sociologi- society. Jacob was an individual cal group" among scholars and ad- because he successfully outwitted ministrators. Isaac and shrewdly deceived La- What is the rural church in it- ban, but he had to plan a getaway self? It is an exacting institution; each time he was thus independent it must have a resident pastor. But and to go at peril of his life. The rural congregations in all lands, same personal bondage prevails in except those in Western Europe, all rustic societies in all lands; it are commanded to get on with an is only in cities that persons are absentee preacher. Now country really free for daily self expression.

people are in all lands skeptical of This is the reason, a bunch of words, they value the deed. They reasons, why the rural church re- are pragmatical and utilitarian, to quires a resident pastor. The coun- the degree of drabness. The com- try people need to see a minister of monplace and common sense are God perform the vital acts of Chris- exalted to a genius in rural China tian living in their social medium.

and dusky Africa, and no less on He and his family are their reli- the prairies of America. Hamlin gious demonstration. A pastor is Garland, an artist, recoiled from the show case of the Sermon on the the mud and manure of the farm- Mount, but an itinerant preacher is yards of the middle West, and just an advertising sheet of the stated his revolt in "Main Traveled Gospel to be glanced at, admired Roads." Just because he was an and dismissed. The "demonstra- artist, he could not endure them tion method" is essential to agri- and they could not interest him. cultural progress, so that at home This is the reason for the captious and abroad the rural church awaits parody "East is East and West is the resident pastor as an agent of West; but the Middle West is ter- solid religious growth.

rible." The meaning of it for the In rural churches religion is a rural church is that it requires a matter of universal concern. One ministry of the deed, the pastor of the first revelations in our sur- must live there, and must perform veys twenty years ago was that in their medium of mud and ma- churches in a community side by chinery and chores lest he and his side share the same fate. They are Gospel be but lightly regarded. characterized by a common set of It must be a personal ministry. causes. I had expected to find one Country people are said to be in- church by competition getting the dividualists. Really they are the better of the other. A study showed most socialized of men. Every ac- that in a given community all the tion is stereotyped; every opinion churches "are handled alike." The is standardized; every change is concept of the "larger parish"

resisted because it requires painful grows out of this discovery, it in- adjustments of organic society, in cludes an area of land with a social which country people are imbedded. population dwelling on it, rather So that the individualism of the than a selected list of confessing

THE RURAL CHURCH VOLUNTEERS

members. The minister's task is eludes. For instance, it includes bound not by assent to doctrines the organization of play and recre- but by neighborhood association. ation with their correlated devel- In the Larger Parish religion is a opment of things of beauty, but it public matter, not a private hope. omits all mention of the relation of It is an experience of the popula- the church to government and law.

tion, not a special privilege. So It is curious that with the tendency our Lord ministered to the people of American Protestant churches of his time, making no distinction of the present time to advise the between good and bad. He had no legislatures in the making of law, preference for the saints. and with the tendency of foreign The Larger Parish has been ac- missionaries to commend those of cepted by the Protestant churches their number who are advisers of in this country and it is advocated government or of rulers, the J eru- by the Roman Catholic. It is not salem Conference should have the same as the old coup.try parish omitted the mention of all civic and t ., of an established church, though legalistic activities of a church. It II the comparison has truth; but it was not surprising that the dele- is a program, a direction of energy, gates at Jerusalem included in the a limitation put upon the work of program of a pastor activities in the pastor and his people. It is re- the way of recreation and play. The ligion for all the people. whole experience of the Y. M. C.

None but a resident pastor can A. and the Y. W. C. A. is ripely be a minister of a Larger Parish, harvested in that doctrine that the indeed the exactions of this work church should promote play.

upon the minister are extreme. I But the program includes also would go so far as to say that none the improvement of health, that is, but a gentleman and a man of good medical missions; the promotion breeding can be pastor of a Larger of education, which involves reli- Parish. If a man is unable to in- gious education and all suitable terpret Christianity gently and work in schools and colleges.

)',1 peaceably he cannot so serve. If The program includes also the he is contentious, or if his wife is promotion of better agriculture.

fond of gossip, if he can be caught Here is the weakest point in our in a feud or a neighborhood brawl, church program, and this is the he cannot be the pastor of a Larger most exacting requirement ,.of the Parish. He must in such case be country church. If we were.to tell confined in his ministry to a de- what country pastors do well and nominational and sectarian work to stop at·that point we would omit where contentions and oppositions agricultural missions. But we are are possible. commanded by the wisest minds to Is it not obvious that I spoke include agriculture in concerns of truth when I said that the country the church, and for twenty years church is an exacting institution? at least the country churches in Now permit me to say that the pro- America have been teaching and { gram of the rural church endorsed praying for the spiritual influence by the Jerusalem Conference is the that will sanctify the soil. "The mature fruit of years of religious Holy Earth" is a book written by and social work. It is as notable Dean Bailey about twenty years for what it omits as for what it in- ago; the phrase is like seed planted 3 594 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [August in the mind of every rural pastor market to pay his taxes and keep at home and abroad. Until the his land. If he retains his land then Christian religion can make the our churches among the Pimas will farmer a better farmer, indeed an be retained, but if he loses his land adequate farmer, contented, indus- our churches will be destroyed be- trious and productive, it has not cause the Indians will be scattered.

evangelized the world up to the This is a great missionary, agricul- measure of its power. tural project, so great that one Yet we have over 100 agricul- trembles for its success.

tural missionaries and their num- A little instance is the develop- ber is increasing in the foreign ment of a handful of mountaineers field. Not all of them, though the in a remote valley to whom a wom- most, are clear eyed and aware of an, Miss Mary Jane Rankin, came their duty to consecrate the soil and twenty years ago as a missionary.

the skill of their people on the land She taught them to pray for a crop to the Lord. In this country are in the spring and give thanks for a many more, among the rural pas- harvest in the fall, and she has tors and the missionaries on the kept them contented and made frontier; put their number cannot them fairly well to do by prayer, easily be stated, for many a man with a good deal of common sense who seems to have no farmers' in- and agricultural science thrown in.

stitute manners is doing a potent However it is done, the ultimate work in the homely task of agri- victory of the country church de- cultural missions. There are great pends upon land ownership, sci- instances. I visited last month the entific treatment of the soil, and a Pima Indians in Arizona. They competent agricultural skill such have always been agricultural and as will bring an income in the mar- never military, except in defending kets of the world. This is just as their soil which they have held true in Africa or in China as it is against Indians and white men for in America. The changes are com- many hundreds of years. Now the mon over the whole world. The Gila River has been dammed in markets are international. The their interest and its waters may food supply and the supply of raw be used for irrigating these ancient materials for the world are now farmlands now owned by the In- soon to be one. The markets are dians in severalty. The huge task coordinated. The price in one mar- rests upon·our missionaries there, ket affects that in another from Drs. Lay, Ellis and Walker, of Shanghai to Baltimore. But the teaching these. Indians the white local situation is always sufficiently man's technique, of selling to them unique, and the minister, to pro- the white man's machinery, and vide the local motives for those borrowing for them the white who at great toil cultivate the land, man's money that they may quickly is a necessary guide to agricultural learn to earn enough, so that they success.

may retain the ownership of their There is a utilitarian appearance land; for just as soon as the water about the country church program.

runs over the Coolidge Dam the It appears as though the church in land of the Indian will be taxed to the country was just a place in pay for it, and just so soon he must which men learn how to prosper.

earn enough in the white man's I daresay that some people believe

"EVERY DAY IN EVERY WAY"

this, especially those who look on administration of religion in the and read what I have said and what country. Indeed, I would go so far has been written even in Volume as to say that I believe only those VI of the Jerusalem Report. But who can worship can possess the in experience it is not so. The land. church cannot be measured by its usefulness, and in fact these toil- I think that our eager evangel- some expressions of religion in the izing by itinerant preachers can- way of schools maintained, play- not long maintain a country church. grounds and hospitals adminis- It is an institution too exacting and tered, agricultural demonstrations too important to be made a stop- wisely timed and placed, are all in- ping place of a wandering preach- finitely wearisome. The church is er. There must be a pastor, and to be something more than a util- he must have a program by which ity, or it is a failure. To state it his religion will be interpreted to briefly, the country church must all in the community and shared be a place for worship of God; and alike by all, pagan and professor, worship is not a utility. There is sinner and saint. And this church nothing pragmatical about it. You must swiftly turn from confessing cannot find what it is good for; or the gains of Christianity to offer- if you do discover uses of worship ing its tributes to God in worship. they are minor and accidental. Among country people it is neces- Worship is an offering to God. sary quickly to connect the proc- Now the wisest churches in the esses of life with God Almighty. country are offering the opportu- If the business of tilling the soil is nity for worship as a means of rest done for human gains it is soon and renewal.of the soul. Of course abandoned. The only motive for there are many kinds of worship, the toilsome and sacrificial life of not all of them are beautiful or or- the tiller of the soil is a religious nate, but all are serious and fear- motive, and the ends of it must be ful. They all have awe and loveli- an offering to God and a tribute to ness with much to appeal to the God. The highest form of this worshiper. It is my conviction that tribute is in the solemn worship in the worship of God goes 'With the the house of God.

"EVERY DAY IN EVERY WAY"

BY FRANCES L. GARSIDE, Y. W. C. A., New York EVERY day in every way, the This means contentment, good world is growing better and health, happiness, and progress. . better as a place in which to There remain in some manufactur- live, to work, to play, and to enjoy. ing towns in the United States There are people in spots who will huge buildings falling into decay.

deny it, for they are not looking There are few windows; the loca- ( over the edge of the spot called tion is bleak; there are no signs their home town. Those who look that there were ever any sanitary over, and back over the road the conveniences. These were the world has come, know better. Im- work places where our forebears provements are particularly no- earned a precarious living.

ticeable in working conditions. Today, factory buildings are

large and airy; there are many years, but they show that the gains windows; a grassplot surrounds are steady. With much to be hoped the building with beds of flowers. for, much has already been done.

There are rest rooms, toilet con- Conditions are not as good in veniences, first aid hospitals, with other countries. In oriental coun- nurse and doctor in attendance. tries, girls work seven days a week, Of course, there are exceptions. ten and twelve hours a day, with There always will be, but the ma- only every other Sunday off.

jority are showing a steady im- Wages are poor. Since lack of op- provement. This is evidenced in portunity for gaining an education the reports made annually by a prevents promotion, the future is group of college girls who go forth hopeless for thousands of girls and from the Y. W. C. A. Center in women. In China, the girl begins Chicago every July to storm fac- earning her rice almost as soon as tories and mills, seeking employ- she can toddle. She is not born in ment at unskilled labor. This a mill, but she is literally brought might be called an adventure in up there, sleeping on rags at the human relations, for the sole ob- feet of the machines at which her ject of the girls who engage is that mother works, and being put to they may learn through living work herself as soon as she is tall them, the economic conditions enough to turn the cocoons in boil- which govern the working girl's ing water. Obviously, such a girl life. Only through understanding, has little chance for the education will they ever be able to help, and which will improve her condition, the desire to help others is the but she takes advantage of that foundation of the thinking of more little. Hundreds of girls through- of the girls of today than credited. out China work in mills all day These girls who forego pleasant long, and then hasten, Without sup- vacations to work in factories and per, to a class in the Y. W. C. A.

mills for six weeks in the hottest The difference a little learning part of the year are either grad- makes in one's chances are plainly (-, uates, or in the higher classes in apparent in Japan, where girls colleges and universities. They who earn their living are divided pack bacon, load and unload into three classes. Those with col- trucks, work in laundries, and do lege training who are doctors, law- whatever their hands find to do for yers, dentists; those with common six long weeks, living in stuffy school education who are clerks boarding houses, going without and stenographers, who work long any recreation since their incomes hours with insufficient pay; and (.

will permit none, and making their those without any learning who wages meet every demand. work longer hours at less pay.

The six weeks ended, they make But from everyone of the more a report of conditions as they than forty foreign lands in which found them, and as they lived the Y. W. C. A. is engaged this them. The girls going adventuring word comes: As more girls go in this fashion in the July of 1930 from home to earn their living, the are the tenth group so to engage. conditions under which they work, The reports may not show a great and the pay received for such improvement in two succeeding work, show marked improvement.

LUZZI'S

A work of extraonlinary character and value cessible to all by lowering its price and is nearing cOlllpletion in Professor Giovanni allowing the payment to be made by in- Lnzzi's translatIOn of the Bible into the Ital- stalments. The hour could not be more ian language in twelve volumes, plevell of favorable for our work than the pres- which have now been pubHshed. rrhe volumes ent is. The best men in the Govern- are beantifully printed, and we believe that ment not only do not oppose our the translation will rank among the notable undertaking but are in sympathy with Bible translations of history. 'l'he generosity it and encourage it. of that good friend of the Waldensian Church, and of many other enterprises, Mrs. John S. During the ast year, while I was Kennedy, of New York, has made this monu- completing my translation, I prepared mental work possible. 'l'he following extract a popular edition of the New Testa- from a recent letter of Professor Luzzi will ment with the Psalms. It will be is- interest our readers: Poschiavo, Grisons, Switzerland. May 13, 1930.· DEAR MRS. KENNEDY: You have received the twelfth vol- sued in a few weeks, and you will re- ume of our Bible. Only one volume is ceive the first copy of the volume as now yet wanting to complete the series soon as issued. It will be a magnifi- -the tenth, which I have left for the cent bound volume of about 1,700 last and which contains the Apocrypha. pages, in large print, with 92 plates, In this country especially, to leave the and sold under cost at a nominal price.

Apocrypha out of a translation of the We want it to be in the hands of the Bible would be a great mistake. On greatest number, and I have a plan, the other hand, the faithful transla- which I am sure you will approve of.

tion of it, accompanied by good notes As soon as this volume is ready, I and clear introductions, is more than shah make a present of five hundred sufficient to show a reader the enor- or a thousand copies to Premier Mus- mous distance that separates these solini to be distributed among the Apocrypha from the canonical books Directors of the Italian Communal of the Bible. You will be glad to hear Schools, who have charge of the re- that last week I was able to send the ligious instruction of the youth of printer in Florence the last pages of the country.

the manuscript of this volume also, You wiII not be surprised when I and that at about the end of June the tell you that my heart is full of grati- Apocrypha will be launched. tude toward God, who has so evidently Now that the work is practically helped me day after day from the finished, and even those who in the beginning to the end of my work; to- past had a very faint hope that such a ward you who have been so stead- colossal undertaking would ever be fastly at my right hand and have so completed need no longer fear. I am generously given me the means of receiving from all quarters letters of realizing my great ideal; and to- congratulation – from Protestants, ward my wife who has so persever- I, Roman Catholics, and Jews. They are ingly and beautifully typed my vol- all of one accord in acknowledging umes so that their correction in the ", that my work is done in a serene, im- proof sheets sent me by the printer partial spirit and in a scientific and at has always been easy and speedy. For the same time popular form. If I did twenty-five years have I been working not already know how far from the at this translation, and God has al- ideal my work still remains, all these lowed me to complete it on the fiftieth good people who are continually writ- year of my work in the ministry; for ing to me or publishing in the news- this is my jubilee year.

papers their praises and appreciation, With warmest regards, in which my would make me uplifted. wife joins, Meanwhile our Bible is being spread I remain, gratefully yours, abroad in Italy. We have made it ac- GIOVANNI LUZZI.

597 FIRST CHURCH CONFERENCE ON SOCIAL WORK BY AMELIA WYCKOFF Conference Secretary A NOTABLE event of the cur- methodology of the Episcopal rent year was the first Church and the Rev. Charles R. Church Conference on Social Zahniser, Lecturer on Interchurch Work which was held in Boston, Cooperation at Boston University, June 9-14, under the auspices of presenting a study on the social the Federal Council of the Churches programs of councils of churches.

of Christ in America with the At the Fellowship Dinner, Thurs- status of a Special Group of the day evening, the Rev. Russell H. National Conference of Social Stafford, pastor of Old South Work. A cable from Dr. Adolf Church, Boston, presiding, ad- Keller extended the greetings of dresses were given by Bishop the Geneva International Chris- Francis J. McConnell, President of tian Social Institute to the Church the Federal Council of Churches, Conference and hailed it as an im- and the Rt. Rev. Hugh L. Burleson, portant contribution to the inter- representing the Rt. Rev. James national cooperation of churches. DeWolf Perry, Presiding Bishop The Executive Committee of the of the Pro t est ant Episcopal Conference was authorized to make Church, who was detained by ill- contacts looking toward participa- ness. The venerable Father Gation in the new movement for an visk of St. John's Roman Catholic "International Conference of Prot- parish, Indianapolis, a former estant Social Work," a beginning President of the National Confer- of which is being made this year ence, was welcomed to the speaker's at the Inner Mission meeting at table and addressed the group in- Upsala, Sweden, in August. formally.

At this, the first meeting of the The program of the Conference Church Conference, several fellow- for the week centered mainly ship luncheon, afternoon and din- around the theme of the Church ner meetings were held jointly with and family adjustment. Professor the National Conference on Social Frank J. Bruno, of Washington Service of the Protestant Epis- University, St. Louis, speaking to copal Church, which has been meet- the ministers of Greater Boston at ing with the National Conference the Twentieth Century Club at the of Social Work for the past ten opening session, Monday, on the years. subject, "The Pastor's Use of Case The Wednesday joint luncheon Work Methods in Family Adjust- dealt with the better relating of ment," pointed out that motive dis- the various communions to social associated from skill may be among work, the Rev. Harold Holt, for- the most destructive of social merly of the Department of Chris- forces and that there is great adtian Social Service of The National vantage to the pastor in a knowl- Council of the Protestant Episcopal edge of techniques of social case Church, giving the experience and work; but he warned that such 598

FIRST CHURCH CONFERENCE ON SOCIAL WORK

technique developed to the neglect responsibility for social service of spiritual leadership was often work of various local and regional harmful. Thursday afternoon, the federations of church women.

Rev. M. R. Lovell, pastor of the Dr. Richard C. Cabot, of the Mount Pleasant Congregational Harvard Theological School, ad- Church, Washington, D. C., re- dressed a group of theological in- ported on the as yet unique work stitution representatives Tuesday of the Washington "Life Adjust- morning on the subject, "A Clinical ment Center," and Robert C. Dex- Year for Ministers," and Dr. Gay- ter, Ph.D., Secretary of the Depart- lord S. White, of Union Theological ment of Social Relations of the Seminary, New York, read the American Unitarian Association, study made by Dr. Albert Z. Mann, gave a preliminary report on a of Garrett Biblical Institute, study of the relation of ministers Evanston, IlL, on training in social to family life. Friday afternoon, work, offered in theological institu- the Rev. John Rathbone Oliver, tions and the methods employed.

M.D., of Baltimore, addressed a At the final organizational ses- large audience on "The Spiritual sion, it was voted to continue the Viewpoint in Social Work," and Conference under the direction of Miss Mary S. Brisley, Secretary of the Commission on the Church and the Church Mission of Help, Dio- Social Service of the Federal Coun- cese of Neow York, spoke on the cil and its constituent denomina- "Spiritual Values of the Family." tions; to create an Executive Com- Thursday noon, Professor Henry 'mittee of the Conference with W. Thurston presiding, Miss direct responsibility for its activi- Myrtle Louise Evans of the Meth- ties; to apply to the National Con- odist Orphans' Home Association, ference of Social Work for status St. Louis, addressed a group espe- as an "Associate Group"; to fix cially interested in child depend- membership dues at one dollar an- ency, on the subject of "Depend- nually; and to convene in Minne- ency of Children Resulting from apolis in 1931 a day or two in ad- Industrial Problems." She drew vance of the opening session of the upon a study of the cases coming National Conference.

under her own observation, result- There were 172 registrations at ing from industrial conditions this first Church Conference, rep- found in the area surrounding St. resenting the clergy, denomina- Louis. tional social service officials, execu- The Tuesday luncheon period tive secretaries and social workers /, was devoted to denominational sec- from councils of churches, repre- tionaI meetings. A large group at- sentatives from' federations of tended the Congregational section, church women, workers from where addresses were given by church institutions-especially or- Professor Graham Taylor, Miss phanages – professors of social Jane Addams and Dr. Hastings H. ethics in theological seminaries, Hart. Other sectional meetings and interested lay people. It is ( were those of the Universalist Gen- hoped that next year there may be eral Convention, Baptist (North- larger representation from these ern), and the National Council of various groups, and that headway Federated Church Women, with will be made on the objectives of representation from those having the Conference, which have been

stated by Dr. Worth M. Tippy, the operation between churches and Chairman, as follows: social agencies in communities; 5. To make religion a greater redemp- 1. To contribute to the development of tive force in all social work. scientific social work by the Protestant churches and councils It should also be said that the of churches of the United States; Conference was made possible by a contribution of $500 from Mr. 2. To bring church social workers Chester D. Pugsley, of Peekskill, together for acquaintance and New York, supplementing the staff discussion of common problems; organization of the Federal Coun- cil's Commission on the Church and 3. To bring to church social workers Social Service. Mr. Pugsley has the value of the discussions and generously pledged a s i mil a r associations of the National Con- amount for next year. ference of Social Work; 4. To develop understanding and co- A RIVAL OF CONFUCIUS BY REV. S. H. CHESTER, D.D., Montreat, North Carolina M OH-TI (sometimes written man, but what was the established Meh-tse) was a contempo- order. That was to be maintained rary and rival of Confu- at all costs and all disturbers of it cius. In the opinion of some he was were to be suppressed. much more of a sage than Confucius. Indeed, in some of his views Moh-ti, in his day, was called a and teachings he anticipated the radical because he repUdiated this highest political wisdom and moral form of conservatism. He created philosophy of this advanced stage a great stir and was beginning to of our Christian era. have a large following, until that other great conservative, a sort of Mankind may be described un- second Confucius named Mencius der the threefold classification of arose, and by denouncing Moh-ti conservatives, radicals and those as radical and revolutionary, sucwho keep to the middle of the road. ceeded in discrediting him and re- To which class anyone may be manding him to 2,000 years of assigned depends on the point of obscurity and forgetfulness. An view of the age and country in ancient Confuciun writer said which he lives. In China the great "Moh-ti was blocking up the way outstanding representative of con- of truth when Mencius refuted servatism is Confucius. He was him, and scattered his delusions perhaps the world's greatest cham- without difficulty." pion of the status quo and of the divine right of privilege. His doc- Some of his "delusions" have retrine of filial piety applied not only cently been brought to light. A to the relation of parents and chil- few of them sound as if they might dren, but to all existing classes and have been quoted from some of authorities, those below owing un- Woodrow Wilson's great state questioning deference and subordi- papers, in which he tried to bring nation to those above. The question for the first time into modern diwas not what was reasonable and plomacy the principles of the Gosright and fair as between man and pel of Christ. Think of a man 450 years before the Christian era

A RIVAL OF CONFUCIUS

speaking as he does about social Moh-ti also had an idea of God and international morality. which approaches that expressed What are the conditions really in the Old Testament. He uses harmful to a country? There are the common term "Heaven" in many aggressions of powerful states speaking of the Deity, but unques- against small; oppressions of the tionably he conceived of Heaven as poor by the wealthy, of the weak by the strong, of minorities by majori- a personal being, to whom he at- ties; contempt of the great for the tributes not only omniscence and humble; lack of good will on the part omnipresence, but also righteous- of governments; and the corruptions ness and love. He declared that of ministers. Heaven loves all and is good to all, and argued from this the duty of But princes bearing good will to- men to love one another. In read- ward their fellows would fight no ing some of his sayings on this more battles; heads of families, lov- ing others, would not bear grudges subject one wonders if he might against them; men would love their not have somehow come in touch neighbors and would neither steal nor do harm to them; officials and min- with Ezra and Nehemiah who were isters would be benevolent and loyal; his contemporaries in Palestine. fathers and sons with love between He nowhere inculcated in so many them would be governed by a filial words love to God (Heaven) and spirit; brothers, loving each other, love to one's neighbor as one's self, would find themselves in harmony and but he does recommend the prac- would be easily reconciled if there tice of those virtues of which only were a quarrel. Then, when there is such love could be the inspiration.

good will among men, the strong will "If," he says, "people regard the not harm the weak; majorities will property of other people as they not oppress minorities; the rich will do their own, who will steal? If not be arrogant toward the poor; the noble-born will not be contemptuous they regard other men as they do toward the man of humble birth; and themselves, who will rob? And the charlatan will not dupe the simple- if they regard other countries as minded …… Misery, injustice, jeal- they do their own, who will go to ousies, and hatred may be kept from war?" society by the practice of universal good will. Only a few years ago a Chinese scholar, hearing a missionary'~ When a man practices good will to- sermon, said to him : "You are ward others they respond by loving preaching the doctrines of Moh-ti.

him; when a man helps others, they Go read Mencius, the great advo- aid him; when a man does wrong by cate of Confucianism, by whom the others, they do wrong to him; when teachings of Moh-ti were refuted." a man hates others they reciprocate by hating him. Modern science and general en- lightenment and the leaven of the It sounds as if he might have Gospel of Christ are refuting the been reading by anticipation the materialistic and selfish philosophy 25th chapter of Matthew when he of life of Confucius and Mencius, says: "He who accepts the prin- and the teachings of Moh-ti are be- ( ciple of universal love, when he ing revived; and where they are sees his fellow man hungry he will received will not the way be made feed him; cold, he will clothe him; easier for the teaching of Chris- sick, he will nurse him; dead, he tianity which in some respects they will bury him." so closely resemble?

MISSIONARY SOCIETIES

CONFERENCE BY MR. H. W. PEET T HERE is perhaps no better foreign students in Great Britain. example of Christian unity Canon Tissington Tatlow, who without uniformity than the retired last year from his thirty Conference of British Missionary years' association with the Student Societies, the nineteenth gathering Christian Movement, gave a deeply of which was held at High Leigh, moving account of the perils and June 11-14. Practically every Prot- difficulties which beset most of the estant organization in the British 3,200 Oriental and African stu- Isles was represented among the dents in Britain; half of them to 130 delegates. As the Rev. W. W. be found in London. The women Cash, Secretary of the Church Mis- students found good friends, but sionary Society and the new Chair- most of the men suffered from des- man of the Standing Committee of perate loneliness. He knew one fine the Conference, said at the opening Indian student who during five session, "N0 single church has years in England never once had monopolized the creative life of the the opportunity of crossing the spirit of God. Christ will even in- threshold of an English home and [l dwell these people who will not this was typical. The Church shake hands with one another. should have a stricken conscience These facts make fellowship pos- that it has done so little for these sible." There is no reluctance of visitors. Special pleas were made Anglo-Catholic to shake hands with for a hostel for African students Baptist, or of Quakers "cutting" on the lines of the Indian Students Broad Churchmen or Methodists Hostel in Gower Street, London.

at Hoddesdon. Despite difficulties The initiation of a "Five Years all willingly work together for the Movement" of progress in China spread of the Kingdom. was outlined by Dr. Cheng Ching- The leading subjects before this Yi, Moderator of the Church of '.

year's Conference were Christian Christ in China, a union movement Literature in China and Africa, representing a third of the Protes- due to the realization that litera- tant community. He mentioned al- ture must today be a major and not so the sister "Kingdom of God a minor instrument in the work of Movement" in Japan, led by Mr.

the Church; the rural problem in Toyohiko Kagawa, the Christian India; the situation in South Afri- social reformer, and said that they ca; and the relation of govern- were looking forward to his per- ments and missions. Missionary sonal help to them in China next work at home also occupied atten- year. Dr. Cheng stressed the spe- tion, both from the point of view cial need of a literary campaign, of substituting a real knowledge for even among Chinese Christians among laymen of what missions 60 % are still illiterate. The neces- are really doing today, to supplant sity for literature for those who /'.

the "smoke room" versions as one are learning to read and the coor- speaker termed it, and the care of dination of existing literature 602 agencies in China were emphasized The hopeful signs are the move- by the Rev. C. E. Wilson, Secretary ment in the Dutch Reformed of the Baptist Missionary Society. Church and the J oint Council The same need of books in Afri- Movements of Natives and Euro- ca was dealt with by Miss Mar- peans."

garet Wrong, Secretary of the Reference was made by two International Committee for Chris- speakers to the situation in North- tian Literature in Africa. "The ern Nigeria, where for the past production of literature is not thirty years the Government has treated as seriously as the produc- allowed no Christian missionary tion of literates," she said. There work in a Moslem area. Mr. J. H.

is a growing feeling too, that it is Oldham, one of the Secretaries of not wise to make the New Testa- the International Missionary Coun- ment the chief school reader. Fur- cil, said that we must see that the ther, class books are needed in South African condition of affairs school, and other literature as well does not spread throughout Africa.

as the Bible are needed outside. On the contrary, if a right system, One tribe had for reading matter not based on domination were only the Gospel of Mark and a evolved for East Africa, it should small-pox handbook. The value of have a great effect in South Africa.

fiction must not be overlooked, both "The partnership of government in the vernacular and in English. and missions in Africa," Mr. Old- She had just heard from the Scot- ham said, "is working out defec- tish Mission Bookshop on the Gold tively. This is not due to govern- Coast that the novel most in de- ment but to the fact that the mand there was "The Sorrows of missions there have not a common Satan." mind. A boat won't go straight if Very outspoken criticism of con- rowed by an Oxford Blue and a ditions in South Africa, whence he preparatory school boy!"

had just returned, were made by Dr. Kenyon L. Butterfield, for- I, the Rev. W. J. Noble, of the Wes- mer President of the Michigan leyan Methodist Missionary Soci- State Agricultural College, who ety. "If we had tried to do in India has just returned from an exami- the things done in open day in nation into rural work in India South Africa," he said, "India said: "Much attention is being would have been running with given to rural reconstruction.

blood years ago. The new civiliza- Many Indians are keen on it, and tion which has crashed into the old work at Tagore's school is a valu- order of things there is substitut- able example of what may be done.

ing a worship of the dynamo for The government is doing what it the worship of the witch doctor and can, and the missions and the Y.

of the whiskey bottle for the beer M. C. A., which was the pioneer, calabash. The Christian Church are carefully considering pro- must stand for the sacred right of grams. Education, however, tends personality, irrespective of color. to make the student look away { A sinister situation is developing from the village, while what is in consequence of legislation wanted is rural leadership.

founded on fear. The Church must The Conference devoted a large protest, but it must not seek to part of one session to prayer for gain a victory over white or black. India in the present crisis. Unemployment method of gathering the unemploy- Unemployment has become a serious ment census could not give a true picfactor in the maintenance of home and ture as a person who might have been foreign missionary work as well as in out of work for six months and had the support of many local churches had a casual job the day before he and other religious, educational and was enumerated, had been put down philanthropic agencies. One depart- on the employed list. Darwin J. Mesement store in New York is reported role, President of the National Unemto have dropped 600 employees and ployment League, declared, June 29, another has dropped 400. A luncheon that "estimates of unemployment figclub, maintained by one of the New ures in the United States today should York churches for employed young begin at 6,600,000." Such wide variawomen, reports that over 100 of its tions show the need of more accurate usual patrons have lost their positions information. But whatever the exact and are no longer able to pay even the figure may be, it is clear that the total cost price at which the luncheons are number of unemployed in the countryserved. One of the great milk com- at-large, including clerks, stenograpanies reports that its earnings have phers and all 'other persons on wages or decreased 30% because people are salaries, is distressingly large.

economizing as they have not econo- In 1921, Mr. Hoover, as Chairman mized hitherto. Fifty-four railroads of the President's Conference on Unreported in June that their earnings employment, said: had fallen off 32.8% because fewer There is no economic failure so terrible in its import as that 'of a country pospeople can afford to travel. Two hun- sessing a surplus of every necessity of dred corporations conducting a wide life in which numbers, willing and anx- variety of business report that their ious to work, are deprived of these neces- I• combined net profits for three months sities. It simply cannot be if our moral and economic system is to survive ….. . of this year showed a decline of $69,- What our people wish is the opportunity 000,000, or 19%. to earn their daily bread, and surely in Startling Figures a country with its warehouses bursting with surpluses of food, of clothing, with The Secretary of Commerce stated its mines capable of indefinite production June 26 that there were 2,298,588 un- of fuel, with sufficient housing for com- employed in the United States. Mr. fort and health, we possess the intelli- gence to find a solution. Without it our William Green, however, President of whole system is open to serious charges the American Federation of Labor, of failure.

stated that this was an underestimate These words are even more appIica- and that the inquiries of the Federa- ble today than when they were ,spok- .,1 tion showed that there were 3,600,000 en nine years ago. I men out of empIoyment, or 20% of the wage earners of the country, and that Proposed Remedies "this figure does not include office How the problem can be effectively '.' .. workers or farm laborers." The fig- dealt with is a perplexing question on ures of the Secretary of Commerce which experts differ. Senator Wag- were also challenged by Miss Frances ner of New York, has introduced three Perkins, State Industrial Commission- bills in Congress. The first provides er of New York, who said that the for the systematic planning of public 604

TOPIC OF THE TIMES

works by Federal Government, and the were present and three others, who means by which new construction may were unable to be present on account promptly be undertaken in periods of of illness, sent papers that were read.

increasing unemployment; the seeond The difficulties with which religious for the establishment of an efficient newspapers have to deal were frankly public employment service through stated and carefully discussed. Em- Federal State cooperation, with com- phasis was laid upon the importance petent management and adequate sup- of increasing the devotional element port; the third for the collection of in their columns. The following points more adequate information by the were suggested as essential to success- Federal Bureau of Labor Statistics ful editorship: as essential to plans for stabilization. The editor must be enthusiastic All three of these bills were passed about his job; sincere and not be side- by the Senate and favorably reported tracked from honest expression of his by the Judiciary Committee of the opinion; not take letters of criticism House, but not acted upon when Con- too seriously; keep smiling; read his own paper critically after two weeks; gress adjourned. compare his own paper with others. Hampered Missionary Work The findings included the following: Meantime, the situation has serious A new approach to the circulation job religious as well as industrial and so- involves getting away from the inferior- cial repercussions. Many people econo- ity complex. An educational campaign over a period mize first not on luxuries but on of at least five years, bringing before benevolences, and so the home and for- church members the value of having and eign missionary work of the churches reading the paper, is suggested. This is is sorely straitened. Some boards have to change the mental attitude toward the been forced to cut down their appro- church paper. priations ; others are making ends meet by leaving vacancies unfilled and To make an interesting paper demands an editor of intelligence, industry and technical skill.

postponing repairs and replacements A denominational paper must be a de- of antiquated buildings. Practically nominational paper. all are obliged to neglect opportunities for advance at a time when doors are To hold official support, give absolute loyalty to the denominational policies. Thus is secured freedom editorially.

open on every side and calls to go Everything depends upon the spirit of forward are urgent. It is not a time the editor. for discouragement, but for stronger Editing a religious paper does not in- volve keeping an eye on an advertising faith, renewed consecration and more page.

earnest prayer to the end that the It is a privilege and inspiration to be a part of building up a Christian con- ,. lines may be firmly held until a better science in the world. day dawns, as it surely will. "The come-back will be slow," the Secretary A. J. B.

of Commerce said June 28th, "but we Co~fere~ce for Outgoing Mis- SIOnarIeS can look for reasonable prosperity within the next year." A. J. B.

Among the few things which the Editors of Religious Press acting editor can 'remember with any degree of satisfaction in a secretarial Confer service of 34 years is his suggestion, in 1897, that the Presbyterian Board For several years the editors of the of Foreign Missions bring its newly religious weeklies of various denomi- appointed missionaries to the head- nations have been accustomed to meet quarters in New York for a conference for conference regarding their com- of eight or ten days. He had been mon problems. The conference this impressed by the fact that many new year was held April 29-30 in Wash- missionaries, particularly those for ington, D. C. Twenty-eight editors

the great mission fields in the Far feared its expense. However, they East, came from the middle and far- acquiesced in having the experiment western states and sailed from Pacific tried for one year, and the first concoast ports, so that no secretary or ference met in New York in June, member of the board ever saw them 1898. It was such an instant and before going to the field. As most of overwhelming success that no question the older missionaries arrived at San was ever afterward raised, and it be- Francisco on their furloughs and spent came an annual event in the Presbythem at or near their former homes, terian and other boards. Not least there were missionaries of a dozen or among its advantages has been the opmore years of service who had never portunity for a final physical check up met their board or its secretaries. by the medical examiners of the There were indeed some personal con- boards. More than once this has retacts. Whenever practicable, a given sulted in the. .discovery of defects candidate was interviewed by a secre- which the local medical examiners at tary, and farewell meetings were held the missionaries' homes had failed to for departing missionaries who sailed find, and which, if carried to the forfrom New York-or Boston. But such eign field, would have caused serious interviews and meetings were usually trouble. brief and seldom dealt with questions of missionary policies and methods. Union Conferences Candidates for medical and educational work, having received their training A few years ago, the question natin medical colleges and normal schools, urally arose why boards having headhad received no adequate instruction quarters in the same general region regarding missionary problems and should not hold these conferences in conditions, and some of the ordained common, inasmuch as most of the men had received little in their the- necessary subjects have no denominaological seminaries. They went out tional character, as the few subjects with a consecrated motive to give the that have such character could be Gospel to the unevangelized millions easily treated after the union conferin non-Christian lands, but they had no ence, and as there would be large value clear idea of how it was to be made in having missionaries of various deoperative. nominations meet one another, form friendships that would be prized by The First Conference them in later years, and see the. world- wide work of the whole Church from The result was that there were com- a common viewpoint. Union conferparatively few personal contacts be- ences were therefore inaugurated and tween the board and the missionaries have now become definitely established. under its care. Correspondence indeed The one this year was held in the fine was free and sympathetic, but it was new building-s of the Kennedy School usually between personal strang,ers. of Missions at Hartford, Connecticut, Young men and women not only went and was attended by the newly apto the foreign field without the special pointed missionaries of six denominainformation that they needed before tions-Baptist, Congregational, Episgoing but without that contact with copal, Methodist, Presbyterian and the supporting board and its policies Reformed. that would enable them to work in best relations with it. Enrollment was 175, of whom 140 were new missionaries. The finest pos- The proposal 'that this situation sible spirit of fellowship prevailed. should be met by bringing newly ap- The sessions were pervaded by a warm pointed missionaries to the board's devotional and evangelical feeling, and headquarters for eight or ten days of all felt they were on a mountaintop of special conference aroused some mis- spiritual experience never to be forgiving in the minds of the older sec- gotten by those who enjoyed them. retaries, who doubted its value and A.J. B.

ETHODS fOR

EDITED BY MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions The whole matter of Negro slavery looms large in our home missionary study for 1930. With the younger ,groups the following may be used to advantage especially in connection with the study of Haiti and Santo Domingo.

AFRICA-THE CARIBBEANS bringing the story of Cleopatra, the woman of a black race, so beautiful, AND "U. s." however, that she "vamped" one of the noblest Romans of them all! Provide ADAPTED FROM A METHOD the girl with a picture of Cleopatra in By MISS CLEMENTINA BUTLER her gorgeous barge on the Nile. Our young people may not at first wish to consider the historic side. The To the second girl give the Queen following suggestions are for pro- of Sheba, also a black woman-who grams to capture their imagination took leap year privileges with Solomon.

f' and interest. Follow with more seri- Help her to bring the thought around ous study. to Abyssinia, where the royal family Africa is the continent of mystery. claims kinship, through this episode, Use the attraction of mystery in your to the House of Judah.

plans. Announce your first meeting No.2. Choose a girl with a pretty as a forum for discussion of current complexion and take the beads of to- questions. Pledge each participant to day back to the ancient Egyptians.

secrecy as to her topic but give it as Have her get from the library some much pUblicity as possible. book with pictures of the exquisite necklaces found on the mummies of Program ancient Egypt.

1. Two Famous Flappers. No.3. Let one of your girls look up the use of cosmetics and show that our 2. Beads and Necklaces. fancy of today goes back to ancient 3. Talcum Powder. days in Africa, but bring her down to 4. Length of Skirt. modern missions by providing her with a picture of an African widow 5. Solitaires. with her face .heavily coated with white as a badge of mourning. (For an older group add:) No.4. Take a girl with skirt six- 6. What Calendar? It teen inches from the ground. Find pictures of ancient Egyptians with 7. The Compass; Where Shall their knee-length skirts and also Zulu and Sulanese women with skirts any- Point? Materia Medica? where from ten to two inches-not 8. Jurisprudence? from the ground but from their Transportation? bodies! 9. "Mr. Rameses, Meet Mr. Moses." 10. Shall It Be the Crescent or the No.5. Bring in a girl who is en- gaged. Let her tell that the popular Star-the Spear or the Book? sign of the selection of the bride all over the modern world is the diamond 11. Was She Justified? Three 12. The Good Old Scout.

Scouts. For both groups use as a finish the Scout's Message.

Hints No. 1. Select two of the liveliest girls from the mines of the dark continent.

you know and give to one the task of Have her tell of the cost of the gem 607

in money and also in the girlhood of to secure elevation for her nation?

Africa. Ask the women and girls pres- What is the result today?* ent to show how many carry a bit of No. 11. Who was the first woman Africa on their hands. to be a foreign missionary? Drama- No.6. Discuss the present date of tize the princess of a great nation the world. For the Moslem the year stooping to save Moses-the child of is 1346; for the Jew, 5688; for the an alien race, of a slave-and giving Japanese, 2587; for the Byzantine, him a chance to learn "all the wisdom 7,436. of the Egyptians." Imagine the first lady of our land, in pre-Civil War Discuss the proposed new thirteen times, fishing a little Negro baby out months plan. Mention Turkish ac- of the Potomac and bringing him to ceptance of our calendar Anno Domini the White House for education and -the year of our Lord Jesus Christ. adoption! Business necessity brings this about. No. 12. The good old scout, the man No.7. Stores are giving away com- who gave himself to a continent-Dapasses. They are indispensable to vid Livingstone. On his grave in scouts. The Moslem compass points Westminster Abbey is the following, to Mecca. What shall be the spiritual taken from his dying words: "Blesscompass for Africa-Christ or Mo- ings on any man, true Christian or hammed? Turk, who will help to heal the open sore of the world." Use this as a speci- No.8. Under Jurisprudence show men of internationalism. Shall we our debt to Africa; modern laws as change it a little: "Blessings on any administered in our courts are based woman of any faith who gives herself on the laws of Moses. Or take Materia to the healing of the sin and suffering Medica. Give the daughter of a phy- and ignorance of those who know not sician this topic. Picture the danger our Christ." to the world of sleeping sickness imported from Africa. Bring in the sleeping sickness of Christians, as to HOW FINANCE BREAKFASTS the need. Or have a railroad man use HELP Transportation. Take the Cairo railroad; where does it touch mission By REV. HOMER L. GLECKLER stations? PafJtor of the First Methodist Episco- No.9. Find somebody with imagi- pal Church of Dodge City, Kansas nation to picture the meeting of Moses For the past two years we have em- with the great Pharaoh. Get a picture ployed the successful method to be of the mummy of Rameses as found described to raise finances needed for in the Boulak Museum and look into the support of the local budget and the face of the man who talked with for missions. A large factor of the Moses. success is simply a breakfast table. Here is the method of procedure: No. 10. Bring in a politician to study the crescent as a symbol of the Preparation world power. Bring a hammer to pic- 1. A strong finance committee of ) ture Charles Martell when Europe was seven representative men is selected. 1 threatened by the domination of Is- About them a group of thirty-fi,ve lam; a spear to symbolize African workers from the membership of the warfare; the book, the means to the official board and others is gathered. allegiance of her people. The workers are divided into three For women's meetings use the fol- • After the above was written a stranger lowing: Give out the topic "Eugen- camp to me saying that she was a missionary ics." Was the Queen of Sheba its first in Aintab in 1913 when the Queen of Abyssinia student ? Was she justified according came seeking a Christian wife for her son and to the morals of her time in her effort bringing a full trousseau, great trunks and bales. This modern Queen of Sheba found an Armenian girl who is now in the royal palace.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

companies, each company being tributed among the captains, care be- headed by a captain. (The selection ing exercised that each group of cards of the captains is most important.) represents about as great financial 2. The budget of the church, in- possibilities as the other.

cluding all the local needs and the 3. During the first morning's break- World Service askings, together with fast a careful statement is made by conference causes, is worked out by the chairman of finances or the pastor the finance committee and approved about the financial needs of the church, by the official board. The budget is the importance of doing the work of printed in detail in the church bulletin. setting up the finances at this par- 3. The date for the canvas, which ticular time, and of canvassing every is called "Loyalty Week," is set. This member of the church for both local should be at least a month in advance needs and for World Service. Oppor- of the first announcement. tunity is given for questions Each 4. Two letters are sent to every captain then places four or five cards member of the church. One is signed (a very limited number) of prospec- by the finance committee setting forth tive givers in the hands of each team, the needs of the church, calling atten- being careful to give out to the mem- tion to the dates of the canvass and bers of some other team than the one urging every member to be loyal to on which he works the names of each the church. The other signed by the worker present. All workers are pastor, calls attention to the fact that urged to make their pledges before the church has no other means of sup- starting out on the first day's work.

port except the voluntary gifts of the Prayer is then offered by the pastor.

people. He also urges the need of all All are asked to see the persons whose the people supporting, by direct con- cards have been given them and be tribution, the World Service work ready to report the work of the day which the church is pledged to carry at the breakfast the following morn- on. ing.

5. The name and address of each 4. As members of the team come in prospective giver is listed on a card. for the breakfast the following morn- This card is a subscription form card ing the captains assemble the reports for both the local budget and the and are ready to report the work of World Service. Subscribers may indi- the various companies according to cate their subscriptions on the card as the form in the accompanying chart.

being payable annually, monthly or (The chart accompanying this article weekly, but all persons are urged to is an exact copy of the results for the pay weekly. 1929 campaign.) 6. During all this period of prepa- 5. It is good to have a little friendly ration the pastor gives a series of Sun- competition between the companies.

day morning sermons on Christian We recognized the company whose re- stewardship. Opportunity is given for port at the end of the first day showed members of the congregation to sign up the best as "the bunch who brought Christian stewardship cards. home the bacon," so we presented The Breakfasts them with a pound of bacon. (The .bacon, by the way, was served at the >' 1. Arrangements are made with the next breakfast.) Another· day the· women of the church to serve break- company with the best report was fast in the church on four consecutive spoken of as "walking long and hard ·f mornings beginning on Monday of and wearing out the soles of their "Loyalty Week." Three tables are ar- shoes." This company was given a ranged-one for each captain and his pair of half soles. One day the com- company of workers. pany having the least to report was 2. Previous to the breakfast cards urged to "dig in"-and the men were of prospective givers have been dis- presented a shovel and pick. These 4

little incidents add to the enjoyment. decided to accept this singular invita- 6. Of course there is no report made tion and so, in the stormy atmosphere at the Monday breakfast, but on each of the Paris Commune, he began to of the following mornings the reports oppose the doctrine of social warfare are made and recorded on the black- and class hatred by preaching the gos- board. On Thursday morning all the pel of Christian love and brotherhood.

remaining cards of prospects are giv- It was at once a venture in faith and en out to the workers. The final re- an international experiment.

port is made at the meeting of the An Astonishing Growth official board Friday night. On this night we have been able to report the Planted in that hard soil, La Mis- l entire budget subscribed. sion Populaire (McAU Mission) has The success of the plan is deter- had an astonishing .growth. Today it mined to a large degree by these fea- includes thirty large Fraternites and tures: the steps of preparation made smaller halls, in twelve centers in Par- for the canvass; the good fellowship is and in fifteen other cities, from the among the workers at the breakfast factory towns of the north of France hours; not assigning too much to be to the Mediterranean, including done each day; and the fact of doing Amiens, Lille, Marseilles, Nantes, the work now and expecting a daily Nemours, Nice, Roubaix, Rouen, and report. St. Quentin. The work also includes Church Budget DODGE CITY, KANSAS Amount Needed-1929-30-$12,666,OO First Day &cond Day II Third Day 1_ Fourth ~_y_ 8S =.. ! ~ S! ~ 1=8S.. ! ~ ~ Is ~ ~ ~ i P:; I~: .. P:; i pd:;;i 8«I .. P:; pd:;;i I' i ip:; P:; P:; i~~ ~~E!<I ~i ~~~I~;~:J. I ~~~I~~f!< ~i Ii~~~1 ~~;:I. ~i !i 5i_~:$151_3.40li~~! 5i~1 $575,~~ _c_o_m_p_a_n_y_A_'_'_'I__ $916,601/1_51 49:$1064'601.1 __ _C_o_m_p_a_nY_B_'_",I__5j 341 12H7,1711_5i~I1477,82,1_5:–=:1 509,90,!_5i~_336,80 .'

Company C ••• 5, 62, 1740.40 I 51 53 1 1086,1611 1 51 22 629.04 51 46 1785.32:1 Totals •••••• 15! J28'$4541.57r15i 1401$3487.50I!/M: 124'$ 3359.32 11; I 151 63 $1541.51 I lI I I I , I Total No, Pledges, 455. Amount, $12,923,51.

HOW A VENTURE IN FRIENDSHIP the evangelization of river towns and IS BEING ACCOMPLISHED villages by means of chapel boats and On the night of August 18, 1871, of inland towns by means of portable an English clergyman, Dr. Robert W. halls and motor cars. In addition McAll, was distributing tracts along there are seven Vacation Colonies and the Boulevard de Belleville, in Paris, Bible Schools in the mountains and by J when he was challenged by a Com- the sea, to which children are sent j munard. during the summer months. An "Come," cried the radical working- enumeration of the activities carried ~ man, "come and preach to us a gospel on in the larger Fraternites would of reality and liberty." mount up to twenty-five or more or- Almost on the instant Dr. McAll ganizations in each.

/- 1930] METHODS FOR WORKERS

The Fraternite is a Christian social lines, a dozen or twenty ecclesiastical center, unique and comprehensive in units being represented in their mem- scope. It is a headquarters for reli- bership. For example, at the annual gious services, social gatherings, club meeting of the Buffalo McAll Auxil- meetings, medical clinics, and is al- iary, the roll call is a competition of ways a place where man, woman or representatives from various local child may find moral and spiritual help churches. The Delaware Avenue Bap- and wholesome recreation. It main- tist Church will be called by the Presi- tains recreation and club rooms in dent and perhaps twenty-five members Paris for younger working girls. will stand, the North Presbyterian Church perhaps thirty, and so on until The work of La Mission Populaire the roll call is completed and three is carried on in its entirety by the de- hundred women will have been on voted French people themselves. their feet as the delegates from a score of churches. America'.s Part Each auxiliary is a law unto itself The American McAll Association is as to its method of procedure. In an immediate outgrowth of extraor- some instances, it will be a monthly dinary circumstances, just as the meeting of the executive committee of founding of the McAll Mission in Par- the local auxiliary, supplemented by is was the unanticipated result of the public meetings alternate months and visit of the English clergyman, Dr. the Annual Meeting in May of all aux- McAll, to the French capital immedi- iliaries at which some distinguished ately after the Commune in 1871. outsider is asked to speak. The meth- ods of donations are either by indi- Six years later, Miss Elizabeth vidual representatives or by means of Rogers Beach of Andover Academy, grants from church budgets. Rum- went to Paris for the continuance of mage sales, lecture courses, musicals, her language studies. One day as she most attractive Christmas cards sold was walking home, feeling lonely and each year for the benefit of mission a bit homesick, she saw over the top orphans, social gatherings of one sort of the doorway of a small shop this or another, are successful ways of lettering: spreading interest and information to increase the treasury, as do life, hon- TO WORKINGMEN orary and other memberships.

Some English friends desire to speak to you of the love of Jesus Christ Entranl!e Free Her curiosity impelled her to enter Sewing and here she met Dr. and Mrs. McAll. During the War there were daily The next year she taught in the Mis- sewing meetings at which thousands sion. Miss Beach returned to the of garments were prepared for ship- United States, not to accept the Chair ment to help women and children. of Modern Language at Smith Col- Now two shipments each year are sent lege, but to go from city to city urging over through the courtesy of the Christian women to organize auxil- French Line on April first and October iaries to aid the work. Miss Beach met first. Patterns and finished samples an untimely death in a shipwreck two will be sent, on request, by Miss years later. But as the result of her Elizabeth Congdon. c/o Mrs. James C. earnest endeavors, the American McAll Colgate, 270 Park Avenue, New York Association was incorporated in 1883 City. .( and today counts some sixty auxil- Vacation Colonies iaries plus twenty young people's aux- I~ iliaries in cities reaching from Boston During the World War the Mission to Minneapolis and from Minneapolis purchased its first Vacation Colony to Washington. These auxiliaries are which cared for orphans. This was a organized 0 n interdenominational challenge to the young people of the

Protestant churches. The young peo- group wishing to plan a McAll pro- ple's groups are devising special plans gram. Movies showing the children for awakening interest in the new of the Mission in action and attrac- generation and in raising contribu- tively colored slides can be obtained tions for the Vacation Colonies, seven from Miss Elizabeth Congdon, Asso- in number: ciate Representative (Young People's Chateau de Coquereaumont, near Rouen. Activities), c/o Mrs. James C. Colgate, 270 Park Avenue, New York City. Bellevue, La Bernerie, in Brittany.

La Villa Bonne Humeur, Chatillon-sur- A program of friendship is carried Seine. out between the young people of France and the young people's auxil- Les Vallees, Fondettes, near Tours. iaries here. We welcome your letters La Rayee, Gerardmer, Vosges Mountains. to send across the sea. For informa- Stade Coligny, St. Quentin. tion concerning the work of the young Rayon de Solei!, Fresnes-l'Archeveque, in Normandy.

Interesting financial reports of these people's groups in all its phases re- Colonies in tabulated form come from quests should be addressed to Miss France – first, the amount in francs Congdon.

which the French Mission children American Students in Paris give for their own holiday; the pro- ceeds of their own fetes; that given Because American students in Paris by the parents and French Protestants, have shown such deep interest, the and the contributions from Protestants Junior Paris Auxiliary of the Amer- in England, Scotland, Canada, and ican McAll Association has been estab- America. lished with Mlle. J eann'e Merle d'Au- ( Each summer increasing hundreds bigne as liaison officer. Its object is of children anticipate their holiday. to interest young American visitors The Vacation Colonies are at the same and students in the social, religious i time Daily Vacation Bible Schools. and philanthropic work of La Mission They not only hold the children dur- Populaire, and to establish a closer re- ing the summer months, when other- lationship between the American and wise they would be left on the streets French young people.

of Paris and other crowded cities, but Mlle. Merle d'Aubigne, daughter of gain recruits for the Bible Schools, La Pasteur Henri Merle d'Aubigne Mission Girl Scouts, Y. W. C. A. Ca- and granddaughter of the noted dets, and the winter schools of the French historian, extends a cordial Mission. invitation to all visitors to call at her Young People's Auxiliaries headquarters, 46 Boulevard des In- valides, Paris Vll, France. She will Over twenty young people's auxil- arrange a tour of McAll stations and iaries are now organized in the United other points of interest in Paris, as States and increasingly the Protestant well as trips to certain of the Vacation denominational and interdenomina- Colonies. Mlle. Merle d' Aubigne is at tional groups are sponsoring and sup- home on Tuesdays after four o'clock.

porting the Vacation Colonies. She will make plans for special eve- These are some of the benefit meth- ning trips, for those who cannot go ~. i ods: garden parties, lectures, book during the afternoon, to La Bienvenue, &,j reviews, luncheons, coin calendars, de- Maison Verte, Salle Centrale, then partment store sales, rummage sales, through the picturesque Italie section J sale of old gold and silver, of French and ending with a visit to the Latin goods on commission, individual sales Quarter. '. of books, candy, jam, etc. Na.tional Children's Auxilia.ry Interesting programs are carried on • by these groups. Histories of the Va- AIM-Friendship. To interest the .. '

cation Colonies with attractive photo- American children in the French chil- graphs will be sent to any person or dren. To encourage our children who

/. 1930] METHODS FOR WORKERS

are friendly to love the children who 5. Youth is vitalized by its teachings.

are friendless. 6. The commonest work of life is PURPosE-Service. Making simple glorified by it.

gifts for French children. Writing 7. It contains the finest poetry and letters and sending snapshots to the greatest eloquence.

French children. Sending gifts of 8. It is light on the pathway in the toys, games, scrapbooks, pictures, and darkest night.

clothes. 9. It is a sun that never sets and it MEMBERSHIP. Children are eligible shines for all.

for membership from the cradle to 10. Its jewels of promise never lose , fourteen years of age. The yearly their lustre.

dues of one dollar entitle a child to 11. The presses on which it is printed become a member of the "FR-AM"- are never silent.

France-America. Member·ship cards 12. It leads business men to integrity must be signed by child and counter- and uprightness.

signed by parent or guardian, who as- 13. It is the great consoler in bereave- ment.

14. It drives clouds from the sky and shelters from the storm.

. ~. 15. It breaks the chains of the pris- oner.

16. It is a fountain whose waters are sweet and sufficient.

17. It answers every great question of the soul.

..1 1 18. It solves every great problem of life.

19. It is a fortress often attacked but never faIling.

sumes responsibility for the keeping 20. Its wisdom is commanding and its of this pledge. Quarterly letters giv- logic convincing.

ing news of our children in both 21. It blazes trails through trackless France and America will be sent to forests.

each member. 22. It civilizes barbarous peoples.

Programs for children's parties, in- 23. It is the garden of beauty and cluding French games, French songs, fragrance.

French stories, tableaux, etc., can be 24. It disappoints no hopes.

obtained from Miss Elizabeth Cong- 25. Its love is a burning passion and don. abiding principle.

WHAT IS THE BIBLE1-AN 26. It amplifies and ennobles every EXERCISE FOR DEVO- soul obedient to its truths. TIONAL SERVICE 27. Salvation is its watchward. Eter- (Slips to be cut apart and given to nal life is its goal. different readers) 28. It heightens every joy of life. Leader asks the question, "What is 29. It leads to the only worthwhile the Bible?" Readers answer the ques- tion. self-expression. 30. It guides to self-mastery and in- sures victory.

1. It is God's Highway to Paradise. 31. It gives life the upward incline.

,r 2. It crowns womanhood with beauty 32. It punctuates all pretense. and manhood with strength. (From "The Secret of the Life Sublime," by 3. It furnishes adequate motives for Dr. A. Z. Conrad, published by Fleming H. Revell Company at $1.50. This chapter is self-sacrifice. used with permission of the publishers.) 4. Children grow in character under For sale by 11. H. Leavis, North Cambridge, ]fass. Prices: 2 for 5 cents; 12 for 25 cents; its influence. 50 for 75 cents; 100 for $1.25.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, AND FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22D STREET, NEW YORK Executive Secretaries of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions and Council of Women for Home Missions THE CHURCH IN THE kind of skilled and unskilled labor is CHANGING CITY there. It is a case of the old story of Findings of Conference held in Detroit, Feb- who will come out on top. ruary 17-19, 1930, under auspices of Home The city is characterized by peculiar Missions Council and Council of Women for Home Missions. (Slightly adapted.) attitudes, if not by a city mind.

The conference brought together Among characteristic city attitudes representative executives of denom- are the following: aggressiveness, inational or church City Societies, na- self-assertion with defense attitudes, tional Home Mission Boards, the emotional repressions, the "every- Home Missions Council, city Church body's-doing-it" philosophy (yielding Federations, the Federal Council, the to collective behavior) with an in- Institute of Social and Religious Re- creased tendency toward superficiality search, teachers, pastors, directors of in thinking and in morals. Religious Education, and important laymen and lay women. It was un- These attitudes-city mindednessusually free from any officialism. The grow out of conditions of city life. point of view, as well as the point The breakdown or weakening of the of approach, was not that of societies old social foundation-the family or organizations, but of Christian men group, neighborhood group, racial and women who are all alike deeply group-tends to social disintegration. concerned for the saving of the city. Mobility, the shifting of trade groups, The program represented a fresh ap- population groups and population cenproach to the city and a Christian ters on the one hand; and fluidity, the realism of a very high order. It the daily ebb and flow of the city's brought to every mind a serious con- population on the other, tends to the sideration of the titanic and compel- anonymity of the individual. A sense ling factors with which inevitably the of individual helplessness follows this city church must cope. individual isolation. One must find out how to save himself from being just a While much of the material present- jostled sort of nonentity in the city ed in papers, addresses and discussions where he encounters that peculiar kind had for background the larger metro- of being lost, by being alone, and by politan areas, it was not lost sight of not "belonging." Moral restraints are that these problems, so aggravated in seriously weakened when contacts bethe larger city, are all present in germ come impersonal and relations indirect. in the smaller cities. On the other hand, the city is the most highly organized of human com- i The outstanding thought in almost munities. It does not end in disinteevery discussion, was the influence of gration. There are great constructive the city on personality, family life forces in the city which offer potenand neighborhood groups. tially a means to the freer and finer Fa.ctors a.nd Forces in City Life realization of personality. These pos- sible gains are undoubtedly condition- The city brings together the ex- aI, but that should not lead us to deny tremes of every sort. Every culture their real promise. The city is an of the world is there. Every religious adventure, full of perils, but it cannot faith of the world is there. Every be condemned as wholly bad.

614 II T.he Gospel for the City Mind spiritual rebuilding of the individ- ual. Personality is spiritual. The ., The Gospel for the city mind is a church must become spiritually Gospel for the individual as well as minded. ·r for society. For the most part the 3. A ministry trained in the knowledge folks we are attempting to reach are of the moral basis of human nature, the "un-theologically minded." We and qualified to give spiritual guid- need to regard that fact. The man in ance to people who have lost the the city wants to know how Christ way of life. can come into his life, into the midst 4. Churches that will provide a personal of his moral entanglement and con- fellowship, a helpful atmosphere fusion, domestic strain, the tedious- which will rebuild character, re- ness of his labor; and how he can move from the soul the deposits and renew his life, make it large enough corrosions of the world, and bring to overcome social insignificance and to sin-sick humanity the healing inspire its expression until he is really ministries of Christ. The Gospel living the fulfillment of his ideal. for the city mind must tell the for- lorn, distraught, timid, sinful, bank- Our industrial and commercial civi- rupt life that there are hearts that lization has overshadowed individual- care, that will go the whole way, ity. The individual becomes merely the bearing the burden as partners in representation of the social mass- the venture of man's redemption. factory worker number 5093, the 5. Churches that, while conscious of the chain store 'clerk, the floor walker in disintegrating and degenerating in- the department store. In the midst of fluences of the modern city, will circumstances of industrial standardi- shake off their fear reactions and zation, mass production, economic in- with a confident faith in the trans- stability and business mergers, the forming and directing power of the depersonalization process goes on. spirit of God, will preach a Gospel of Hope. We cannot meet this problem with 6. Churches that will make common an impersonal expression of Chris- cause with the wholesome and con- tianity-a church absorbed in self per- structive interests, social groupings petuation; or a message of hypothesis and purposes of city people, help- or abstraction will not meet the diffi- ing them along, putting a deeper culty. The Gospel must be addressed note into them and enabling these to the person. "The key to the mass social contacts to create a genuine is the individual," says Bishop Free- urbanity, to cultivate the amenities man. The primary need in the city is of life and to enrich human fellow- to rescue man from depersonalization ship. and to empower him to divine fulfill- ment. To do this the Christian reli- City Areas in Church Groups gion must interpret itself in personal terms. Sin and suffering are personal Certain groupings of people arise in conditions. This does not imply that the church should ignore the group. cities, which challenge special con- Group characteristics may furnish the key to the moral problems of the in- sideration by the churches: dividual. There can be a group ap- proach to the individual. 1. The Negro population of more than three and a half million in northern Essential Requirements. To make the cities, concentrated in certain areas, Gospel effective to the city mind the calls for the recognition of Chris- following are especially needed: tian brotherhood, and requires the Christian cooperation of their white 1. A knowledge of psychological mechan- brethren to secure adequate church ism operative in personal confu- properties and to guarantee to them sions and frustrations. equality of religious privilege and equal opportunity with all other 2. A conception of evangelism as a "one citizens for making a livelihood. to one" task, continuous through the 2. The foreign language groups in our cities, brought hither by the great immigration of former years, now presents new challenges to the church. (a) The restricted immigration has allowed the forces of American- ization to make great advances in qualifying these new comers for an understanding of Amer- ican ideals and for citizenship.

(b) The foreign language church there should be churches only less has been the essential means of highly organized. Near the sub~centers bringing the Gospel in the for- of business and entertainment there eign language; but with the in- should be similar coordination of ef- creasing familiarity with the fort among churches most fit to sup- English language these churches plement one another in a varied will take on more and more the ministry. characteristics of A mer i can churches, serve the people of Residential Churches. In the resi- these localities, regardless of dential sections of the city proper races or languages, and Ameri- there should be churches of such size can churches in foreign lan- and distribution as can render the guage sections will be sought type of service and conduct the sort by and will serve the foreign of programs demanded by a variety language groups. of constituencies. No longer is it necessary to proceed by rule of thumb (c) The migration of the foreign in locating such enterprises or in the language groups from city budgeting of their expenditures. Case centers to suburban areas pre- studies of successful churches in resi- sents an opportunity that can dential as well as in more central areas be met only by the broadening now suggest the main lines of achieve- outreach of the suburban ment, though standardization in any American church to include rigid sense is both impossible and un- these people in its fellowship. desirable.

3. Commerce and industry are among Suburban Churches. On the sub- the chief factors in the making of urban fringe of every urban area a city. But the great ranks of the there is found a zone alike of privilege industrially employed are outside and responsibility. Statesmanlike oc- the church. We believe in the cupation of industrial suburbs and preaching and the practice of the cooperative strategy to avoid over- Social Ideals of the Churches as churching in the better residential adopted by the Federal Council as suburbs is imperative. a means of expressing to the in- dustrial groups that the church is Gradually the home base of urban concerned with all classes of people, Protestantism tends to shift from the and that it stands for social justice oldest churches at the heart of the and an equal opportunity for all as city to the great new churches in the an essential part of its Gospel. more fortunate suburbs. Such a trend causes constant loss by transfer from Church Adaptation the churches nearer the center to the churches nearer the circumference of The response of the church to the the urban area. Whether any given church member or family should conneeds of the changing city must be a tinue membership in a more central church or should become a part of varied one. some newer enterprise, is one of the Downtown Churches. In the great most difficult problems of the urban church. Since the more central central areas of the city's life there churches cannot survive without acshould be a few well-staffed, well- tive lay leadership, the rule of beequipped churches, suppleme~. ting each havior seems to be that working and supporting members who are willing other by their differing ministeries. to retain vigorous partnership in the old churches should by all means do Such churches should render a definite so, while those who are able to render service to the surrounding neighbor- more willing and more competent service in the newer churches should hoods. They should also serve as centers of church life and religious thinking for the entire metropolitan region. Their institutional service and their prophetic utterances are of basic importance to the entire life of the city. Just what churches are most fit to perform such a dual and difficult role should be a matter of cooperative agreement among the Protestant forces of the city. In the areas slightly removed from the central business focus of the city

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

be encouraged to do this. Increasingly the original occasions, motives and it becomes evident that none of the achievements of our Protestant di- churches of a metropolitan area exists visions to assess the gains and losses alone. From central urban area to due to these divisions, and to evaluate suburban fringe the problem of the the vital issues that are represented city is one problem, and the interests by these divisions as they exist today.

of all are bound up together. A new Such an evaluation should be honestly and intimate partnership of these con- made in the interest of the conserva- centric circles of city church life is tion of the values of the denomina- imperative. tions and the largest possible service It is obvious that under contem- on the part of Protestant religion in porary conditions, with varied de- these times.

nominational traditions and cultural In facing the problems of city con- inclinations, the geographical distri- ditions it is our persuasion that the ,.,. bution of churches must be supple- functioning of the denominations in mented by the specialized appeal of the highest degree depends upon the certain churches which represent the largest possible interdenominational organization of particular interests, cooperation. We therefore urge the through a new principle of selective denominations: parish distribution. This principle is 1. To undertake cooperatively a study of greatly reenforced by the wise use of the cities upon a scientific basis the automobile. Strategic location and with a view to the discovery of the functional specialization alike are re- actual conditions that prevail and quired of the city church if it is to deploy its forces for an adequate occu- the status of all the churches. pation of the modern urban region. 2. To affirm or reaffirm their allegiance to principles of comity that have been developed in the course of the The changing city emphasizes anew progress of cooperative Christian- the necessity laid upon the church to ity, and steadfastly support the save the community and not to save itself. The city church must be a same in the occupancy of new fields within the city areas, and in the adjustments that must be made nucleus for the integrating process in over-churched and inadequately ;( for the community. It must think in churched sections, if the full re- sponsibility of Protestant religion is terms of service and not desert a field to be assumed and discharged under because of difficulties. prevailing conditions.

3. To consider seriously the necessity of Religious Education a vital service to the down-town )' Religious Education in all its wider sections of our large cities, and the challenge to consolidate churches range of activity and projects is one where inadequately supporting con- of the greatest factors in a well-bal- stituencies prevent them from ren- anced program of a church seeking to dering the type and quality of serv- minister to the city community-es- ice these communities require and pecially in the underprivileged sec- the Kingdom of God demands. tions. Its concern is the development 4. To undertake at once to equalize re- ligious privilege by a thoroughgoing church city planning, vigorously of personality and the integration of prosecuted, comprehending the city the individual life with the world in and its environs, the city and its which one must live. It is our great future, the city and its past, all in hope for the future in the development terms of need and interrelation both of an adequate church leadership denominationally and interdenomi- .".., trained for its difficult tasks in a com- nationally. plex city, a clear direction as to how 5. To recognize and use the denomina- ,f to meet our Christian goal. tional City Society or Church Ex- tension Board as the suitable agency working towards the equal- Church City Planning and Comity izing of religious privileges within Justly to evaluate the local denomi- our larger fellowship. 6. To recognize and use the City Federa- national church we need to consider tion or Council of Churches as the

agency for unifying the religious church, a worshipping church, a winsome forces of the entire city. Without church; a church that interprets the such unification we shall fail in our truth in terms of its own times and chal- task. lenges its times in terms of the truth; a church that inspires courage for this The Larger Statesmanship life and hope for the life to come; a church of all good men, the Church of The Conference recorded profound the Living God.-John M. Moore. conviction that the fundamental ques- tion confronting organized religion in SUMMER READING LIST our large cities is: Shall the church The following list of books will be seek to maintain and extend itself found really worthwhile summer readas an institution, or shall it seek, at ing. You will thoroughly enjoy the whatever cost, to build the Kingdom time you spend on them, and they will of God and adequately to serve human make a fine background for the work needs. The conference recorded be- of the coming year. lief that the time has come when local churches in many downtown districts East Wind, West Wind, by Pearl S. should be willing, should the interest Buck. Published by John Day; $2.50. of the Kingdom require, to give up A novel of modern problems in China. their lives for the larger life of the community and the greater interests Portrait of a Chinese Lady, by Lady of the Kingdom. "He that would save Hosie. Published by Morrow; $5.00. his life shali lose it, and he that would If you liked "A Daughter of the lose his life for my sake and the Gos- Samurai" you will enjoy this. pel's shall save it," is just as ap.-p.licable to churches as to individuals. Wednesdays and Other Stories, by Annie B. Kerr. Published by The Womans Press; Gift edition, $1.50. A charm- ing little book of true stories of for- eign-born people.

Denominationalism, local church pride A Cloud of Witnesses by Elsie Singof history and tradition, mere per- master. Published by Central Comsonal attachments to buildings and lo- mittee; paper 50c, cloth 75c. Collected cations, should no longer stand in the biography in its most palatable formway of the larger statesmanship de- a group of Christian Nationals from different countries.

manded by the changing city. The Trader's Wife, by Jean Mackenzil:!.

The conference was convinced that Published by Farrar and Rhinehard; the abiding church in the changing $2.00. African journal-most inter- esting. city will be the church that changes Splendor of God, by Honore Willsie Morits policies, methods, programs, and if row. Published by Morrow; $2.50. need be its location, to meet the de- Thrilling biography of Adoniram Jud- son of Burma. mands of the times, without forsaking .. or compromising the eternal truths of Laughing Boy, by Oliver La Farge. the changeless Gospel which are "the Published by Houghton Mifflin; $2.50. Pulitzer prize novel portraying the same yesterday, today and forever." life of present-day Navajo Indian youth.

THE CHURCH' OF MY DREAMS Cimmaron, by Edna Ferber. Published by Doubleday Doran; $2.50. Early This is the church of my dreams. A days in Oklahoma-not a dull moment. church adequate for the task; the church I of the warm heart, of the open mind, of A Lantern in Her Hand, by Bess the adventurous spirit; the church that Streeter Aldrich. Published by D. 1 cares, that heals hurt lives, that comforts Appleton; $2.00. A novel on pioneer old people, that challenges youth, that life. knows no divisions of culture or class, no frontiers, geographical or social; the The Great Meadow, by Elizabeth Mad- dox Roberts. Published by Viking church that inquires as well as avers, Press; $2.50. The settling of Kenthat looks forward as well as backward; tucky-a novel.

the church of the Master, the church of The Land of Saddle-Bags, by James the people, the high church, the broad Watt Raine. Published jointly by church, the low church, high as the ideals Council of Women for Home Missions of Jesus, broad as the love of God, low and Missionary Education Movement; as the humblest human; a working $1.50. Full of the thrill of mountain

adventure and the delicious humor of THEREFORE, we, the undersigned, Appalachian folk. appeal to the Legislature of the State Freedom, by Welthy Honsinger Fisher. of Iowa to consider this protest and to Published by Friendship Press; 85c. grant redress from our gri()vances, Story of high caste Indian students, and we call upon all citizens, churches, and present-day problems in India. clubs and organizations of all sorts, Aggrey of Africa, by Edwin W. Smith. and the men and women of Iowa who Published by Richard R. Smith; $2.50. believe in education free from mili- A remarkable biography-an appeal tary compulsion to sustain us in this for the Christian way of life in race protest, by all means within their relations. power, so as to convey to the Legisla- ture of the State and those charged A BOOK-AND LIBERTY with authority that they are not in sympathy with the continuance of this He ate and drank the precious words, policy.2 His spirit grew robust; North Carolina He knew no more that he was poor, Nor that his frame was dust. To find in a college catalog a state- ment such as the following- He danced along the dingy days, And this bequest of wings All physically acceptable freshmen and sophomores are required to take mili- Was but a book. What liberty tary training, except those excused by A loosened spirit brings! the president of the college or the pro- -Emily Dickinson. fessor of Military Science and Tactics- MILITARISM IN EDUCATION r-ne need not go to Germany, Austria, Bulgaria or Turkey, but to the 1929- One of the specific objectives which 1930 Annual Catalog of North Carothe Fifth Conference on the Cause and lina State College of Agriculture and Cure of War approved last January Engineering. This State institution for presentation to groups interested is one of the land-grant colleges in a in working for permanent peace was nation which fought a "War to End the followingi : War," and which signed the Kellogg Peace Pact. The land-grant colleges To study the extent and effects of were established for the primary purmilitary training in schools and colleges. pose of teaching agriculture and me- chanics, the useful arts of peace.3 Two recent utterances will be of interest in this connection. ULTIMATELY-PEACE Iowa The Naval Parley? It is only an- other form of war agreements. How- We, the undersigned students of the ever, it does some sort of good to the State University of Iowa at Iowa City, world, because it does make people do hereby certify that we have each think about the seriousness of these taken military drill in the past or are things. We cannot do away with navy taking it at the present time. and army unless the people want it, and as to when the people want such That we protest against said mili- a thing is a matter of ideals and detary drill being made compulsory upon sires for peace, and ideals and desires male students of the State University for real peace for everybody in the of Iowa, for the following reasons world are slow things to get to the among others: minds of the people.

We have found it by experience to 2 Petition signed by 2,000 stUdents at the be time wasting, irksome, and detri- University of Iowa in the spring of 1930. mental to proper scholarship. 3 From The Wataugan, May, 1930, published We deem it an invasion of academic by the stUdent body at North Carolina State freedom. College, Raleigh, N. C.

We emphatically declare that we have no personal desire to take military drill and that we have only done so or are doing so under compulsion.

t Resolutions and program for 1930·1931 adopted by the Conference are quoted in full in the April REViEW.

labor government. He was a

Patriotism Pulls Women Together in his boyhood, and won his way, as THE importance of women in public so many of his countrymen have done life and their devotion and zeal in by living laborious days and nights: service to their new Republic of The way of promoti'On lay through the Estonia is given by Miss Clara Roe, secretaryship of his union to member- of New York, as an outstanding im- ship in Parliament. Like so many pression 'of the visitor. other labor men he is a devoted mem- "Between her home, her job and her ber of his church, the Church of Scot- public duties, the time of an educated land, and he fills the part of High woman in Estonia is severely taxed. Commissioner b'Oth with dignity and Many such women have two or three whole-hearted sincerity. Among other public duties, a job as haonmotehmerakear~ discussions there was one upon Forwife and mother, and eign Missions which had its own ses- wage-earner: These Estonian women sion. Dr. John R. Mott gave a weighty are carrying heavy responsibilities. speech and Sir D. Y. Cameron, the All are public spirited and their coun- great Scottish artist, spoke upon the try is using them to the utmost. Es- report with a passionate concern for tonia lost its men heavily in the this task, the crown of all Christian World War, and in its struggle for service. It is significant of the place independence women must now help to which the church has icnomSceostolahned~rtthilayt its artists and writer,s do the work of their nation. Women to its service. – Edward Shillito in also work in the fields, repair roads, "The Chris,tian Century." , streets and railroad tracks, work in brickyards, lumber yards and in build- Call of Knights of St. John ing construction and perform other laborious tasks. If they sought to use THE order of the Knights of St. John their political power to the fullest, has issued an appeal to the sons of they could out-vote the men. Every German noblemen of the Lutheran one is public spirited, carrying two or faith to consider the calling of the three jobs, with pride instead of com- ministry. The Order stresses the need plaint." Tuberculosis is widely prev- of the churches for young men of edualent among young women as a re- cation and training in the places vf sult of undernourishment as children, leadership. It points out that nearly congested housing, long winters and a thousand years ago the ancestors of lack of fruits and vegetables. Lectures the present nobility took up the Cross and demonstrations are given on food in an attempt to break the power of and food values.-Y. W. C. A. the infidels who ruled the Holy Land. T'Oday, it continues, the call is for a C'hurch of Scotland Assembly new crusade to fight the unbelief which has asserted its power through- HERE is only one Church of Sc,ot- out all sections of the country.-Con- T land now. The first assembly after gregationalist. the great assembly, when the union was accepted last year, was held in Evangelical Movements in Ukraine May. .M:. James Brown was the High THE new evangelical movements in Con:mIssIoner onc~ more, as he .was the Polish Ukraine are highly en- durmg the short hfe 'Of the preVIOUS couraging. A quiet investigation last 620

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

summer revealed the fact that no less children of the district to a marionette than seven evangelical groups have show at which the Ten Command- sprung up in this section of Poland as ments were derided in a manner so a result of Polish immigrants to obscene that the police finally inter- America returning to their native vened.

country, imbued with the desire toO Such conditions are symptomatic ,spread the Gospel among their co- for a large part of Europe, and it is racials. Most of them have developed no wonder that the European churches on the strength of gifts received from feel very strongly the need of Prot- American agencies or individuals, estant support from overseas. The ," which, like the Central Bureau for practical expression of the sympathy Relief, have become interested in this felt by the American churches for new growth of the evangelical faith their European coreligionists has been in unpllopitious surroundings. In channeled, for a number of years, 1929, a beginning was made for an through the Central Bureau for Relief "inter-group" conference over here in of the Evangelical Churches of Europe, America, in the hope of coordinating instituted late in 1922 as an interde- the supporters of these various fields nominational and international relief of work and eliminating the overlap- agency, its European office being in ping which is already manifesting it- Geneva under the direction of Dr. self in some areas. . ) The Cent~al Bureau foOr Relief has Adolf Keller, and its American office located in New York, directed by an taken special interest in this work. Some effort should be made to bring American Executive Committee com- these new movements into cooperative relations with the old Polish Evan- posed of church representatives.-Re- port of the Rev. J. Ross Stevenson, gelical Church in Silesia, and in gen- D.D.

eral to consolidate the Protestant ele- Unemployment in Europe ments in Poland, transforming the numerically negligible separate groups CHRONIC for ten years, unemploy- into a recognized and potent factor in ment has taken a decided turn for the population.-Report of the Rev. J. the worse. The enrolment of workers Ross Stevenson, D.D. for insurance of every kind is 16,000,- 000. Of these about 12,000,000 are ,t insured against unemployment. Be- Anti-Religious Communism fore the War normal unemployment I" THE "red menace" has so often been was put at an average of 4 per cent used as a spectacular bugaboo in of the employed, which, for registered political circles that it has come to be industries, would work out at 500,000 regarded as a myth by liberal people. or thereabouts. In June, 1920, the It has been more of a stern reality in number of registered unemployed was Europe than we like to admit over 1,130,000, or more than double the here. Toward the end of 1929 evidence normal. in abundance was provided to the world that the trend of communi,stic In January, 1930, it was found that thought is not merely atheistic but unemployment had increased to 1,475,- definitely anti-religious. Communistic 000. During the Spring, when trade ideas find willing listeners among the might have been expected to pick up, ignorant working classes of Europe, the number increased yet further by haIfof whose earnings are ,swallowed as many as 28,000 in a single week, by reparation payments or interest on and now the total exceeds 1,750,000, .':, national indebtedness. Atheism, more while it is keenly prophesied that the aggressive than merely negative, ac- peak will rise beyond 2,000,000, or one companies this trend. A local Social- in six of registered workers.

ist children's center in Berlin recently The figures are not inclusive. Farm had the effrontery to invite the school labor, domestic service and other oc-

cupations are not insured against un- own automobile to the pastor's wife employment. In the agricultural areas to take the child to Pinerolo, where she there is reported considerable loss of was put out of danger. – Record of work. Christian Work.

Nonemployment, even in Great Lutheran Churches in Russia Britain, is an element in a world-wide situation. In Germany, S'O it is stated, FAITH and hope in the face of adthe total has risen to 3,000,000. In versity are the keynote of a letter Italy there is mention of 1,000,000. of the Rt. Rev. Theodore Meyer, of Even in Russia, where the workers are Moscow, Bishop of the Lutheran assured of Communism, there is evi- Church of Russia, written April 26, dence of acute distress.-P. W. Wilson, to a Lutheran leader in the United in uNew York Times." States. In describing the reacti'On of the Church in Russia to conditions Italian Crown Prince Greets Wal- imposed from without, Bishop Meyer says in part: densian In the great need which hangs heavy THE Waldensian church in Italy has upon us it is a great consolation to us gained rather than lost by the that you are not growing weary in reofficial reoonciliation of Italy and the membering us in your prayers and sup- Vatican. It has received publicity of porting us with your gifts…… The a helpful kind. There is a feeling of situation of the church becomes more friendliness and respect toward the difficult with each day…… The need Waldensians which was not known be- of the pastors who are still in service is fore. very great because the congregations are impoverished and in spite of their will- "During the summer maneuvers of ingness to help are scarcely able to conthe 92d Infantry Regiment in our tribute anything toward the expenses of valleys its colonel, our Crown Prince the church and the pastors. Further, Umberto, had an opportunity of mak- extremely high taxes have been imposed ing himself known to our people, who this year upon a great number of the were enthusiastic in their admiration pastors. Especially in the cities are the for his gentleness and affability." congregations unable any longer to guar- antee their livelihood. In consequence One day in the Charcoal-Burners' of this condition in many cities and Glen he met an old Waldensian and towns, the congregations have united into stopped to talk to him. He learned one district parish but in spite of this that the old man was quite proud of they are scarcely able to continue existhaving seen three kings of Italy- ence. In the villages, too, the state of Victor Emanuel II, Humbert, and the congregations and the pastors is very Victor Emanuel III. precarious.

"One of my remaining wishes would GENERAL be to see also our young prince, who is a nice feHow, they tell me, but I Dr. Mott Finds World Open to Chrisam too old and shall never have the chance. I keep his picture with me. tianity Here it is !" NEVER were the doors of entry "Don't you think I look a good deal into other lands so wide open to like him?" asked the prince. Christianity as at present, Dr. John R. Mott told the evangelism group of "Why, you are the prince, and I have the Federal Council of the Churches spoken to you as if you had been only of Christ in America which met at an officer! But I am glad to have seen East Northfield in June. you bef'Ore dying." Having recently returned from a "Well, so am I," said the prince, trip around the world, Dr. Mott told of and with a hearty handshake he the spirit of inquiry which was creatcrowned the old man's happiness. ing conditions ripe for the message of Chri,st. Even the Mohammedan W'Orld A little girl at Bobbio having been is open to evangelization, he said. bitten by a viper, the prince lent his Dr. Mott gave a most encouraging

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

'Outline 'Of cQnditiQns in 'Other CQun- gation was from the Kumiai Riji, 'Or tries frQm the PQint 'Of view 'Of the Association of Independent Churches.

Christian wQrk. As an illustrati'On he The General Convention of the Chris- tQld 'Of the resQlve 'Of Mr. Chang Sing- tian Church in the United States was yee, speaking in behalf 'Of the native represented this year for the first time.

church 'Of China, that within five years The Rev. J. V. Chelliah, Moderator 'Of the Christian Church 'Of China was to the United Church 'Of South India, be dQubled, and this in the face 'Of the who has recently been in the United cataclysmic cQnditiQns prevailing in States, sailed with the American pil- ," China nQW. In India, Dr. MQtt said, grimage. The InternatiQnal Council Christianity is 'On the thresh'Old 'Of a was organized at LondQn, England, mQst far-reaching influence. 1891.

"I have never been soo impressed be- BQurnemouth offers nQt only a beau- fQre by the tide 'Of inquiry that is tiful, but in many respects an appro- sweeping 'Over all cQuntries." Dr. priate, setting for the present CQuncil.

MQtt said, "We in America think there It is a strQng CQngregational center.- is a flQQd 'Of literature abrQad, but we Congregationalist.

.1 have nQthing in cQmparisQn with 'Other lands. TQkYQ, fQr· example, has miles Christian Endeavor T 'Of b(}QkshQPs. The press is reaching HE 'Officers 'Of the InternatiQnal So- ciety 'Of Christian Endeavor in milliQns tQday that never knew any- .I thing beYQnd the borders of their own their last meeting befQre leaving fQr little cQmmunities only a few years the WQrld's Christian Endeavor CQn- ago. All this means that the dQQrs 'Of ventiQn in Berlin gave thQughtful CQn- 'Opportunity fQr Christ are equally sideratiQn to the general status 'Of the wide open. The barriers of age-old wQrk thrQughout NQrth America.

custom and prejudice against the for- The repQrt of the General Secretary, eigner are now dQwn. Faith and ex- Mr. Gates, n'Oted a number 'Of im- pectation on the part of the Christian PQrtant elements 'Of prQgress. The Church are all that is necessary for recent CQncurrent statement frQm the the evangelization of the wQrld." denQminatiQnal leaders cQncerning the present place 'Of the yQung people's so- International Congregational Council ciety in the present program 'Of Chris- THIS notable annual event in the tian education indicates an increas- congregational churches 'Of the ingly cQQperative attitude among the world was held this year, July 1-8, in denQminatiQns. The InternatiQnal SQ- I.

BournemoOuth, England. Six hundred ciety has been cQQperating heartily A. Congregationalists from Arne ric a with the American Bible Society in sailed frQm New YQrk, June 14, to Bible-study work and the distributiQn attend this great meeting. Delega- 'Of the Scriptures. Several hundred tions were also en route frQm many delegates are attending the World's other cQuntries. Christian EndeavQr CQnventiQn in The InternatiQnal C'Ouncil is CQm- Berlin from the United States. Active posed of 450 voting delegates, of whQm wQrk has been started in connectiQn 150 are from the United States. It with plans fQr the fiftieth anniversary represents 24,275 churches with a CQn- 'Of the fQunding 'Of Christian EndeavQr.

stituency 'Of 6,000,000 in the United Mr. Paul ShQup, President 'Of the States, Canada, Great Britain and SQuthern Pacific RailrQad, is general twenty-eight 'Other cQuntries on all chairman 'Of the Fiftieth Anniversary continents. In several cQuntries, not- International CQnventiQn cQmmittee, ably Canada, North India and SQuth which is planning the CQnvention tQ India, the representatiQn in the CQun- be held in San FranciscQ in 1931. In cil is from recently formed United this connectiQn plans are being made Churches in which the Congregational- by the International SQciety fQr the ists have merged. The Japanese dele- celebratiQn 'Of the fiftieth anniversary

at the time of Christian Endeavor of Christendom, the Augsburg Con- Week in February, 1931. Plans are fession. being made for the proposed Transpacific Convention in Australia in Sep- Four hundred years ago – at three tember or October of 1931. o'clock Saturday afternoon, June 25, 1530, to be precise-the Saxon Chan- Dr. Poling indicated that he was to cellor, Dr. Beyer, began the reading give a generous portion of his time of the Augsburg Confession to the next year to special Christian En- Emperor Charles V at a private sesdeavor visitation in important centres sion of the Diet in the chapter room throughout this country. A plan was of the bishop's palace. Two hours adopted which calls for a series of two- later he had finished the reading and day institutes in approximately two handed to the Emperor both the Latin hundred and ,fifty strategic centres 'original, which had been read, and the during the fall, winter, and spring of German translation. The Emperor 1930-31.-Christian Endeavor World. forbade the publication of either.

Home Missions Congress The Augsburg Confession is one of the great historic documents of Prot- W HAT the now famous· Jerusalem estantism and its adoption was a meeting of the Internati'onal Mis- major step in the development of sionary Council accomplished in the Protestant thought. Elaborate plans thinking and planning for the foreign for the commemoration of the four missionary movement of the future hundredth anniversary have been made the North American Home Missions at Augsburg, and the, American Congress, to be held in Washington, churches have been invited to be rep- D. C., November 30-December 5, will resented through the Federal Council do in some measure for the missionary of Churches. cause at home, if the hopes of its leaders are fulfilled. For nearly two CHINA years, three large commissions have been at work, gathering preparatory Methodist Bishops Consecra.ted in data which will serve as a basis for China. the deliberations of the Congress. Commission I is ·studying the task and THE Foochow News, April, 1930, administration vf home missions; prints a colorful story of the Cen- Commission II the promotion of home tral Conference at Nanking, which elected Bishvps Gowdy and Wang: missions and Commission III coopera- The consecration service was most imtion in home missions. The primary pressive. Bishop Nuelsen preached a purpose is thoroughly to evaluate the wonderful sermon, after which Bishop home missionary enterprise in the Birney took charge of the consecration service. Bishops-elect Gowdy and Wang light of present-day conditions in the came forward, and with them came the '. Church and in the Nation at large, assisting elders, the Rev. H. R. Caldwell, and to reach as full agreement as pos- the Rev. Liu Fang, the Rev. Lincoln sible on the best methods for advance. Dsang, Dr. Uong Gang Huo, and Dr. C.

The membership of the Congress is A. Felt.

to be limited to about five hundred As the consecration service was read members who will be carefully selected in both English and Chinese (so that each bishop-elect received his charge in by the participating denominations.- his native language) a great hush fell Presbyterian Survey. over the congregation. It was a historic moment, a moment full of possibilities Anniversary of Augsburg Confession and promise for the extension of Christ's Kingdom. Although Bishop Gowdy had THE great event of the year in the been elected first, Bishop Birney first widely extended Lutheran com- consecrated Bishop Wang, a breaking of munion is the commemoration of the precedent which met with general apadoption of one of the notable creeds proval. -The Christian Advocate.

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Heroic Service in Shantung China Questions Tradition T T HE Williams Porter Hospital, in HE REV. E. M. NORTON, of the Tehchow, Shantung, with all the C. M. S. in Fukien Province, says disturbances and alarms of the past that in religious, social and political year has carried on unflinchingly, life, what cannot stand the test of rea- treating 761 in-patients and 8,908 dis- son is condemned and abolished. He pensary patients, performing 306 believes that this is why temples are ) major operations and 745 minor opera- being destroyed or transformed into tions, training twenty-five nurses, and schools or museums, idols are being giving laboratory examinations to beheaded and burned; in short, all old 2,785 cases. More revealing of what customs and traditions are in the melt- last year's life meant there at the ing pot. Fourteen years ago, it was hospital are Some of the words from almost impossible to get boys to ask questions; they accepted everything the accounts of Drs. Tucker: the teacher said. Now whether the Famine and want have continued to subject be English grammar or spell- stalk in the land, and Dr. Francis Tucker, ing, mathematics or science, astron- helping in the relief work in Shantung and southern Hopei provinces, aided in omy or religion, they ask "Why? Is giving out some $300,000-mostly used it really true? How do you know?" as loans for some two thousand irriga- tion wells (to combat future drought), or in repair of roads to facilitate trans- Bible Class in Shantung portation, or In the conservation of DR. C. E. SCOTT, of Tsinan, writes waterways. Food and medical supplies of a class for rural leaders at Yu have saved the lives of many men, wom- Cheng, a walled city, where elders and en an.d c~ildre~. One county lost nearly deacons met for a month of hard half Its mhabItants by death and emi- gration. We shall never forget the cart- study. The effort was the more com- loads of girls (less often boys) crawling their long journey to new and far dis- mendable in view of the suffering in tant homes–sold for from three to fifty this region, soldier-ridden and infested dollars each. As the world over, they with bandits. Time was taken to or- were loved by their parents, but these ganize a new church in this harried could no longer feed them. Now the destitution is less, but there are areas section. in other parts of China even more On market days class members seriously affected than were ours a year preached to the crowds and sold gospel ago. Fighting has not been serious in portions, the most advantageous point our region, though soldiers a-plenty there are in the hospital-wounded in attempts of vantage being the platform in front to suppress bandits. Dr. Emma Tucker of the chapel. Saturday and Sunday was beaten, maltreated and robbed in her afternoons the group was divided into own house the early part of the year- bands, and went preaching through the thieves doubtless being unpaid soldiers. Dr. Francis Tucker was twice the villages surrounding the city. The captured while on relief trips. The relief last Sunday evening, by the light of auto was in captivity fifteen hours in candles and lanterns, communion serv- one instance, some persons captured at ice was held, and each delegate re- the same time being robbed of all they turned to his village resolved to serve possessed, including their clothing, which . they had to exchange for the bandits' as never before. garments. The bandit chief, one of the heads of the gang of 250 or so, said, "1 Peanuts Given China by Missionary T know you. 1 was in the hospital last HE Rev. George H. Trull, of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign year. See that scar-and that one! Be- sides, we respect what you are now do- ing for the famine sufferers. 1 do not Missions, New York, writes from like my occupation, but my family has to China: live. You shall lose nothing. We will ," place our own guard over your 'gas At lunch today, Chinese-grown peanuts buggy' and contents. Nothing shall be like the American variety were on the touched." He was as good as his word. table. My missionary companion, Mr. S. J. Mills, said: "Father (Rev. Charles -Congregationalist. R. Mills) introduced these nuts to China 5

at Tengcho about fifty years ago. He "with or without the cooperation >of received them first from Archdeacon the treaty powers." The far-reaching Chinese public health program of the Thompson of the American Church Mis- League gave rise to speeches of consion. Years before the introduction of gratulation from the Chinese per- manent representative at Geneva, Mr. oil from abroad, China depended for its Woo Kaiseng, as well as from several lights chiefly upon oil derived from na- member,s of the Council.

tive peanuts and other vegetable seeds.

The ordinary Chinese peanut is quite small. Its oil was extracted by com- pressing the nut in the shell which was very thin and absorbed only a little of the oil. A Chinese General Visits Mission "Father divided the American peanuts GEN. CHANG CHIH CHIANG, one between two Chinese Christians, advising of the leaders of the Chinese Govthem to plant the nuts and replant the ernment, visited the Central Confercrop each year for three years. One of ence of the Methodist Church at Nanthem gave up the experiment shortly king and addressed the delegates with .because the old method of compressing the energy and insight of a prophet. the nuts in the shells yielded less oil than The China Christian Advocate dethe American variety on account of their scribes it as "the thrill of the Conferthick shells which absorbed most of the ence." He and his wife brought their oOil. The other man persevered, and dis- two children to the Sunday morning .covered that by first removing the nuts service, where they were christened from the shells and then compressing Mary and Samuel.-The Christian Adthem he got an abundance of oil. He vocate. therefore c!)ntinued to replant his crop and made a great success. Today thousands of tons of peanuts are exported annually from China." Enough peanuts fifty years ago to fill one's hands was an insignificant number from which to secure the bountiful crops of today. Rather Ohinese Want Missionaries big results from small beginnings! It THE Canton Missionary Conference, has life and when planted it multiplies. representing missionaries belong- Christianity has taken firm root in ing to American, British and German China's soil. Already there is a harvest missions, was addressed by Dr. C. Y. but only the first fruits of a larger one Cheng, Moderator of the Church of which faith claims.

Further Steps A'gainst Opium Christ in China and General Secretary of the National Christian Council of I NNOVATIONS of considerable im- China, 'on "The Forward-Looking portance with reference to the Church." Dr. Cheng especially rehandling of the opium problem were quested the missionaries to make made by the Council of the League of articulate the voice of the Chinese Nations at its meeting in May. It Church in seeking for more missiondecided to add to the Advisory Com- ary helpers. The Conference, theremittee on Opium, a,s representatives fore, adopted the following resolution: of non-manufacturing states, Austria, Belgium, Egypt, Mexico, Poland, That we, as a Missionary Conference, appeal to our home constituencies and to Spain, and Uruguay. Furthermore, the youth of our homelands for the conthe Council decided to convene a con- tinued and increased cooperative support ference on limitation of drug manu- of the Christian Movement in China. facture on or about December 1, 1930, The call from China is for men and which may possibly be preceded by a women who are willing to work with the preliminary (lonference, of representa- Chinese as fellow workers, they should tives of manufacturing countries only. be men and women of large vision and In conjunction with the initiation of spiritual power. The problems that will the League's program of public health confront them may be great but the chaldevelopment in China it was recom- lenge is to the big, brave souls who wish mended that an inquiry should be in- to make a contribution to the greatest stituted by the Chinese Government potential Christian adventure of today and themselves to grow, by varied ex~ periences, into spiritual greatness.

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ISLANDS would be a "submerging of Malay civ- Senate COJUJUittee Favors Free Philip- ilization with anGther race, the Chi- pines nese. It WGuld be a result as in- . A F AVORABLE report to the Senate evitable as the rise of the tide on the on the Hawes-Cutting Philippine seashore." independence bill, which would give the islands complete independence, if, The bill was not pressed at that ses- siGn .of Oongress and goes over to the / after a period .of five years a plebiscite session next win t e r. – New York should reveal them to be in favor .of Times.

it, was .ordered by the Senate Com- mittee .on Territories by a vote of 8 Virgin Islands . I, ,. B to 4. ECAUSE of the seriousness .of the The Filipino people would take .over economic situation in the Virgin the management .of their government Islands, Herbert D. Brown, chief of during the five-year periGd and WGuld the United States Bureau of Efficiency, decide .on the basis .of the experience has left Washington to return to the .of these five years whether they WGuld Islands.

'. accept independence as a permanent In his repGrt tG CGngress the effi- pGssessiGn. ciency expert went into every phase They WGuld receive tariff autGnomy, of the social and econGmic activities with the result that they WGuld be .of the Islands and said that few of deprived .of expGrting their prGducts them were without need of substantial tG the United States free of duty. and immediate relief.

Opposition to Philippine independ- Since the purchase of the Islands ence either immediately, or after a from Denmark in 1917 for $25,000,000 stated periGd of years, was expressed the economic situation has grown con- by Secretary .of State Stimson, former stantly worse until at present not Governcr General cf the Philippines. enough is derived from taxes to pay He opposed immediate independen~e for the upkeep of the local g.overn- .on three grounds: That it wculd be ment. Because they have been the disastrGus tG the Filipino people, dis- victims of a series of calamities, the astrous alsG to the interests .of the population has dwindled from 26,051 United States, both in the Islands and in 1917 to 22,012 in 1930. In the the Far East, and inevitably cause Virgin group are the Islands of St.

such a general disturban:eaf affairs Thomas and St. Croix and the much in the Far East as to undo the present smaller one of St. John.-New York stabilized oGnditiGns with respect to Times.

the interests of various countries in that region. SilliJUan Head Resigns Secretary Stimson told the Commit- NEARLY' every boat which leaves tee he believed "the Filipino peGple this port just now carries mis- are quite unprepared for independence sionaries who are going home on fur- either pGlitically .or eCGnomically," and lough. Of all who are sailing this that ,severance of the Islands from the spring, perhaps none has left such a leadership or control .of Ameri;;a permanent record .of achievement as "would destrGY self-government in the Dr. David S. Hibbard, the retiring Philippines, and the result WGuld president of Silliman Institute. Lo- either be a condition of anarchy .or a cated in Dumaguete, Oriental Negrces, cGndition of oligarchy." this school is strategically in the The masses, he declared, WGuld be center of the sGuthern half of the at the mercy of politicians and money Philippines. Dr. Hibbard founded it '.) lenders. If sudden independence in 1901, and in the 29 years since has were given, the Islands would be over- guided it to steady growth and ex- run by the Chinese, and the result panding influence. There is nG single

piece of mission work in the entire I recently asked Mahatma Gandhi "t Philippines which can be compared what he thought our mutual friend with it. It attracts a student body of Andrews meant to the progress of . more than 900 students, drawn from modern India. And in that characterall over the Islands, and distributed istically pensive, meditative mood, he <• through all the grades from elemen- said: "My dear friend, what I think tary to college. Twenty-five mission- of Andrews is that India has no serv- •, aries and a considerable number of ant more devoted, more sincere, and Filipinos are employed on the faculty. more hard working. I love the name !I Dr. Hibbard expects to return to the the toiling Indians of the Fiji Islands Philippines, but believes that the grow- gave him – Deenabandhu Andrews- ., ing demands of the presidency of such friend of the lowly." The loving estia large institution should be placed on mate of Gandhi tells the whole story , the shoulders of a younger man.- of this wonderful life in a few strik- Harold E. Fry, in "The Christian ing words. He calls him a servant and ., Century." a friend of the lowly. That is what his deeds, words, and motives all ex- ,I Manila School Strike emplify. Service is the natural expres- THE strike of high school students sion of his life. in Manila shows several things. In the first place, it shows how much One time, at the poet Tagore's home harm may be done by tactless remarks in Bolpur, I asked Mr. Andrews what growing out of lack of appreciation of he considered the most essential qual- Filipino ide a s and temperament. ity in a modern missionary. Without There are approximately 300 Amer- even stopping to think, he answered, ican teachers in the Philippine school "Willingness to serve, and a detersy,stem. Most of them are sincerely mination not to direct our Indian colrespected and admired by their students, and they deprecate as much as leagues." anyone such occurrences as this one. In the second place, this incident ·shows . . . Years ago he came out to India that there are deep undercurrents in from Cambridge University. He was Filipino life of which most Americans, a priest in the Church of England. At including many here, are ignorant. Delhi and elsewhere he served as col- All Asia is deeply stirred, and the lege professor and ·spiritual leader. Philippines, let us not forget, are in But authority and sectarianism re- Asia. "Self-determination" has be- stricted him. He felt that he could come a religion to half the world's not do what his soul craved because population, and incidents like this of the priestly reg u I a t ion s that show how small a thing may grow.into hemmed him in on all sides. So he a mighty torrent of protest and self- surrendered his ministerial orders and assertion. -Harold E. Fey, in "The became a "lay freeman." Christian Century." He joined the staff of Tagore's uni- INDIA-BURMA versity at Bolpur as a voluntary Bishop Fisher on C. F. Andrews worker. This is even yet the base THE man about whom I write is from which he does hi,s work. When more than a per,sonality. He has become an institution. His attractive there, he teaches, advises, serves, and life stands out against the Indian when away, he is always in touch by horizon like some tall temple tower, whose radiant light shines as a beacon, correspondence. I do not know what and whose lengthened ,shadow spreads a shade across toilers' huts. that "Abode of Peace" would ever have done without his gentle, guiding, serving spirit. He and Tagore are bosom f r i end s – David-Jonathan- twain personalities, strikingly inde- pendent, but one spirit.-Bishop Fred- erick B. Fisher, in "The Christian Ad- vocate."

"

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Youth League powerful. "Where Naidu is," said a Berlin newspaper, "there is India." Her B OMBAY has 26 Youth Leagues. poetry is epic now, for at the head of The object of the League is to bind together the youths of the Presi- Gandhi's disciples, she is an Indian -Literary Digest. Judith.

dency in the pursuit of common ideals, ! and in the service of the motherland, Appeal for £50,000 for Church of Inw to fight communism, and to work for dia. Burma, and Ceylon T the abolition of useless and embar- HE Archbishops of Canterbury and York have issued an appeal to rassing customs, promote swadeshi, study the causes of unemployment and the English Church for a dowry of encourage the study of international £50,000 for its daughter, the Church questions. At a recent dinner of the of India, Burma, and Ceylon. A ,sub- League, all the speakers stressed the stantial proportion of this large sum T'

need of abolishing every form of com- has already been promised. The munism. Church at home has a certain responsi- bility for the future of the Church in Gandhi's :tIantle Falls on a Wom.an India and should see that it is prop- MRS. SAROJINI NAIDU, Hindu erly equipped for its work of evan- poetess, emerges as leader of im- gelization. But the financial demands prisoned Mahatma Gandhi's National- made on the faithful in England are ist following' in the "civil-disobedi- far too heavy in these days of trade ence" movement. "An eloquent orator depression and increasing unemploy- and the only woman ever to be chosen ment for any complete response to be President of the Indian Nationalist possible. Money is urgently needed in Congress," begins a character sketch England for the building of new in the New York World from Arthur churches, for the training of ordi- E. Mann, who continues: nands, and for the schools. The S.

She is widely known in England, hav- P. G. fears the starving of its mis- ing been educated at Kings College, Lon- sionary activity for lack of funds. The don, and Girton College, Cambridge. Church Times suggests that, if the She became a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1924. She has published Church of India is the daughter of the three volumes of poetry in English, and EngJi.sh Church, it is also the younger has lectured in all the chief cities of sister of the Episcopal Church of India on social, educational, religious, America, and if a world-wide appeal and political questions. She is also well were made, there is every reason to known in New York as a lecturer. Some believe that American churchmen' years ago she defied her family and the Brahman caste laws by marrying an In- would be proud to supply part of her dian doctor who was not a Brahman. On her visits to England, Mrs. Naidu dowry.-Living Church.

was always regarded as a moderate, until 1919, when she came under Gandhi's JAPAN-KOREA influence. Unemployment Insurance in Japan She was born in the capital of the MR. KAGAWA'S convictions on un- native State of Hyderabad, and the employment insurance for Tokyo four children in the Naidu family have seem to have appealed to the nation, been sent to England to be educated. for a recent dispatch to the New York The Richmond News-Leader declares Times tells of both the house of peers that she would have to be included in and the lower house being much con- "any list of the half-dozen most inter- cerned over the situation nationally, esting women in the world, along with and willing to subsidize public works to the extent of 25 per cent of costs, Halide Edib, Jane Addams, and Ger- for the sake of giving employment. trude Baumer….. . At the same time, Kagawa extends his social insurance idea to the sick of Usually she dresses in the homespun Tokyo also. And, as a tribute of of the native looms, but when she travels she wears the rich apparel of her class. About her is something mysterious and

loyalty, the mayor passes in toto the so- Women at Coronation cial bureau's budget for the new fiscal THE outstanding event of the past year, adding 50,000 yen, unasked, for year in Japan was the public enstarting 11 new social settlements of thronement of the present emperor. which he knew Kagawa had been For the first time the empress sat with dreaming but for which he had not the emperor on the enthronement felt free to ask. thrones, and in connection with the public ceremonies in Tokyo members Seventy Years of Christianity in of the Young Women's as well as the Japan Young Men's Associations passed in AT A meeting in Tokyo the seven- review before the imperial family, this tieth anniversary of the coming being the first public appearance of of Christianity to Japan was recently young girls before their majesties.

observed. Some sixteen veterans, Jap- This recognition of womanhood is anese, English and American, who most signi,Jcant. Woman suffrage in had put in fifty years of work in Ja- Japan may be a lcng way off, but it is pan, were the recipients of suitable coming. The ChristianizatiQn of home gifts, the senior member being Mrs. life is being made easier. On behalf Agnes Gordon of the American Board, of the Christians throughout Japan who first went to Japan in 1872. the National Council presented to their Dr. William A. Axling of the Na- imperial majesties two sets of Bibles tional Christian Council in Japan, to especially bound for the occasion.

whom we are indebted for these facts, points out how 'fitting it was that prac- Sanatorium Recognized T tically the first meeting in the new HE Tuberculosis Sanatorium, South Mountain, Haiju, has been honored City Hall should be one to mark the seventieth anniversary of the coming by a generous grant from the Govern- .,"', again to Japan of what it is admitted ment Gene :al in recognition of its spe- by all alike to be one of the forces cial service rendered to Korea in the which have made a definite and valu- fight against tuberculosis. The Sana- able contribution to the national life, torium has had patients from every namely, the Christian religion. Province in Korea and from as far "It is hard to reaJize," he says, "as north as Siberia and Manchuria, and one looks on the Japanese Church to- there are patients from nearly every day, led by Japanese leaders, largely mission doing work in Korea. The 'financed by Japanese money, that it consulting staff of physicians for the .11·'

was only a matter of seventy years Sanatorium have been chosen from ago; yet it was two generations back various Protestant missions doing when such Christians as existed. had work in Korea who are interested in to conceal their beliefs, when notice anti-tubercular effort.-Korea Mission boards were to be seen on all hands Field.

forbidding the 'Evil Sect' and when many of those who dared to confess Aid Korea College Fund A their faith had to pay for their temer-GIFT of $50,000 from Mr. and ,(I , 1, Mrs. Henry Pfeiffer of New York, ity by imprisonment and other forms of official persecution. to the fund of $450,000 being raised "In this big meeting in Tokyo a few in America for new buildings and days ago, to mark the celebration of equipment for the Women's Christian "1 the coming again of Christianity, let- College at Seoul, Korea, has been an- II ters of congratulation were read from nounced. Mrs. Francis J. McConnell, the Minister of Education, the Gover- wife of Bishop McConnell, is chair- nor and Mayor of Tokyo and from man of the American Committee. The many others in high position."-Mis- college is conducted by the Woman's sionary Herald. Foreign Missionary Society of the

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Methodist Episcopal Church and asso- for some years in Angola. Restric- ciated mission agencies. The project tions, however, were added which was started several years ago through would make missionary work almost the purchase of a fifty-acre tract of impossible. These the missions held land west of Seoul. to be a direct infringement of the re- ligious freedom secured by the treaty AFRICA of 1891 between Great Britain and Spiritual Blessing in the Congo Portugal.

THE REV. JOHN M. SPRINGER, The British missionary societies ad- of the Congo Mission of the Meth- dressed a letter to the Secretary of odist Episcopal Church writes: State for Foreign Affairs drawing at- tention to this infringement of t"eaty I am having a glorious time here now. rights. The British Minister at Lis- I have had the native teachers here and bon was instructed to make represen- we had a hearl-searching time. The Spirit of the living Christ began to work tations to the Portuguese Government. and is still working in the hearts of the Representatives of the missionary so- people. I like the idea of meeting the cieties met a representative of the Gov- natives where we can confidentially open ernment in Lourenco Marques in the our hearls one to the other and help each other. I have never been as near to the end of January, and a circular giving native heart as I have these past few months. I think sometimes the native an official interpretation .of the decrees confesses Christ but he does not give his was issued to administrators in the .I heart to Him. He is not able to conquer territory. The circular has relieved sin or lead a victorious life because there the situation to some extent by per- is sin down in his heart. In these con- mitting the printing and use of the ferences with the teachers, I feel that Bible, hymn books and other books for many of them are getting a new start. religious worship in the vernacular, In Elisabethville, Brother John Brast- rup and the Longfields have for weeks but some serious difficulties still re- been having special meetings for prayer main in regard to teaching adults to read the vernacular Bible and in re- and revival. The church was filled night gard to the employment of catechists after night and over 300 came to the altar. We were down there two or three nights and on Palm Sunday and realized who have not passed a certain stand- that they could not get into the new ard of education in Portugue~e-a church too soon as it was utterly impos- standard which is still beyond the sible at times for the people to get inside reach of large numbers of mature and the old church and a crowd stood at the doors and windows trying to listen. The trustworthy Christians. The mission- crowd that came for the six o'clock ary societies are still awaiting an an- Easter morning service was twice the swer to the representations made in capacity of the auditorium. Lisbon.

On the Likasi Circuit, there has been a steady program of holding special In Northern Nigeria, the position meetings at various points and there has remains little changed since the COll- been a continual enrollment of those who ference with the Governor in 1927. A have come forward to follow Christ. conference of the missionaries held in Since the conference nine months ago, Miango, in November, 1929, drew at- 500 have been received.

tention to the restrictions which ham- Restrictions in East Africa and per missionary activity in this area, Nigeria. and fresh representations have been I N AUGUST, 1929, two decrees were made to the Governor. issued in Portuguese East Africa which caused missionary societies seri- Negro Missionaries in Africa T ous concern. These decrees introduced WO young colored missionaries re- cently sent from Philadelphia to into East Africa the regulations re- garding schools, the use of the vernac- the Presbyterian mission in West Af- ular, qualifications of teachers and the riea, the Rev. and Mrs. 1. W. Under- employment of evangelists, preachers, hill, write that the people whom they etc., which have been found irksome meet are much interested in the fact

that the newcomers are colored. One NORTH AMERICA chief called a greeting from his gar- Hospital Evangelism I den on seeing them passing through T IS in our hospitals that many for the first time, and others for the his village: "Mbolo, my brother from across the last time, hear from the lips of symseas, they tell me you are black people, pathetic and consecrated men and but you do not look like it! Are you women the sweetest story ever told. really?" Mothers' prayers for sons and daugh- "Yes indeed," Mr. Underhill an- ters again and again have been answered. swered, and Bible verses stored in "Well, then," continued the chief, youth in memory's treasure chambers eager to hear more, "what tribe are after thirty and fifty years bestir the you?" intellect and demand consideration, re- Mr. Underhill said he did not know, pentance and self-surrender. A nurse so far as human tribes are concerned. in charge of a tuberculosis ward re- "What!" the chief exclaimed. fused admission to the little band of "Didn't they write your tribe down in Christian workers. In course of time a book?" He was much perturbed even after she was replaced by another nurse who cordially welcomed them. At the first Mr. Underhill explained that it was service, a message based on John 3: many generaUons ago that the slaves 14-16 prompted 14 out of 25 patients went to America, and that they were to request intercessory prayers. purposely separated as to tribes and In another ward of eighteen paeven families, so that the children did tients, six stated that they were benot know their original family or tribe. lievers in Christ and five of them said '" . "But," the missionary went on, "I that they were converted since their do know what spiritual tribe I belong admission to the hospital. When in to, and you can belong to it too if you an erysipelas ward no one accepted the want to. I belong to the tribe of God, invitation of the evangelist, the nurse and Jesus is my King." in charge set the example. She spoke Before they separated the chief, who to one of her charges and then both had announced that he had many raised their hands. Immediately in wives and hated Christians, promised different parts of the ward other hands that he would go to the services until were raised. Another day, a Chinese he found out more about the King of was one of four who raised their hands the tribes of God. when a returned missionary from Native Doctor 'for Natal China spoke to him in his own lan- guage, concerning Him, who was T HE first Zulu medical doctor to be wounded for our transgressions and qualified in 30 years, Innes Ballan- bruised for our iniquities, and is no tine Gumede, has returned to Natal respector of persons.

from England to work among his "Please do not fail to vi·sit my pacountrymen. He holds a unique posi- tients. They need your message of j 'f" tion among the natives of Natal and hope and cheer," said a nurse to the Zululand, who have not produced a leader of a little band of Christian t' I doctor since Dr. Nembula died over workers in the corridor of a well- 30 years ago. Dr. Gumede proceeded known New York hospital.-By Ernest to England from the South African A. Eggers, Hospital Evangelist, New Native College at Fort Hare, passing York. ,~, the qualifying examination for admission into medical classes in Europe Some Facts on Negro Life ',' :jI O and Great Britain. Natal natives are F THE estimated population of 117,000,000 in the United States proud of their doctor, and gave him enthusiastic welcome.-South African today about 12,000,000, or approxi- Outlook. mately one-tenth, are Negroes.

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

-), Eighty-five per cent of the Negro of the mite boxes to which the children population of the nation is in the contributed during the Lenten season.

southern states, and sixty-six per cent It is an increase of nearly $500 over is rural. the amount raised last year.

In 1926 American Negroes operated A procession of 1,400 children wear- 1,000,000 farms; conducted 70,000 ing vestments of scarlet, gray, blue business enterprises; and had $2,000,- and white, iron gray or black and 000,000 in accumulated wealth. white, singing as they marched, passed About twenty-three per cent of the down the centre aisle of the cathedral.

Negro population is illiterate as com- Behind them came fifty members of pared with four per cent of the white the clergy in vestments of red and population. Negroes have made re- white. In the congregation were 1,600 markable progress in this respect, other children.-New York Times, however, dropping from ninety per cent illiteracy to twenty-three per cent La.ymen's Missionary Movement T in the sixty-five year,s since emancipa-HE International Committee of the Laymen's Missionary Movement tion. For the United States as a whole met in Chicago June 18th to review the expenditure per capita for Negro its work during the past year and to schools averages less than 'one-fourth determine its program for the year of that for .white schools. Here the ahead. Dr. Ralph E. Diffendorfer, ," figures range from $23 in Maryland Secretary of the Methodist Episcopal to $4 and $5 in extreme southern states Board of Foreign Missions, was the as contrasted with a national average guest of honor. President John C.

'/ of $75 for white rural children and Acheson of St. Paul, Minn., Chairman $129 for white urban children. of the Executive Committee, and In 1916 there were only forty-four former Vice Moderator of the Pres- high schools f.or Negroes in the whole byterian General Assembly, presided.

country. By 1925-26 there were 209 The report points out that the Lay- accredited four-year high schools for men's Mis,sionary Movement creates Negro youth in the fourteen southern among laymen a consciousness of their states, and 592 two to four year non- personal relation to and responsibility accredited high schools. Notwithstand- for the world mission of Christianity.

this progress there are still 281 The exi,stence of so many women's counties in these states without any missionary organizations among all colored high school either public or communions and denominations great- -' private. ly accentuates the need for a mission- The people of New Orleans have ary movement among men. It is completed successfully a campaign for gratifying to learn that the laymen $250,000 to guarantee the erection of who have been identified with this a $2,000,000 Negro university, health movement during the past twenty center and hospital. The white people years or more did not find themselves 1/ pledged $210,000 and the Negroes called upon to effect a new organiza- $117,000, the quota being oversub- tion, but adapted their program so ad- 'I. scribed by more than $70,000. mirably to the present situation that it has been enthusiastically received Children Donate to Missions by both ministers and laymen in every MORE than 3,000 children from 150 section of the United States. Sunday-schools in the Protestant The report reviews the present mis- Episcopal Di,ocese of New York partici- sionary situati'on, faces the difficulties, pated in a pageant at the Cathedral of outlines its task, re~ommends reme- St. John the Divine at which they pre- dies for overcoming the present prob- sented $40,896.58 for the support of lems, and shows how effectively the the missions at home and abroad. Movement has functioned during the The offering represents the contents past year.

Salvation A·rmy Jubilee Northern Baptists introduced a res- T HE Salvation Army celebrated it,s olution declaring that a nation-wide fiftieth anniversary May 16-23. educational campaign against liquor The occasion was characterized by was necessary, with indications that many meetings in various lands and such a campaign would be held. The with extraordinary demonstrations of report called for a determined stand enthusiasm on the part of Salvation against liquor and the observance of Army workers, and of strong commen- all laws. dation by many public men, and by Christian workers of various denomi- Coincident with the meeting of the nations. Convention was held the National Mrs. Herber Hoover declared that Oouncil of Northern Baptist Laymen. -The P't1esbyterian Advance.

the work of the Salvation Army is "of inestimable value to humanity" in a School for Rural Missionaries A greeting to Miss Evangeline Booth, T THE request of the Internation- al Missionary Council and varithe Commander-in-Chief. In sending this congratulation Mrs. Hoover fol- ous foreign mission boards, the New lowed the example of her husband. York State College of Agriculture at President Hoover, in a message read Ithaca conducted for one month a at the opening of the anniversary, con- school, primarily intended for mis- gratulated the organization on the sionaries of rural interests now on completion, in the United States, of furlough. Twenty missionaries reg- "fifty years of service to God and istered, coming from the Belgian Con- man."-New York Times. go, South Africa, Central and South India, Japan, North and West China.

Northern Baptist Meeting in Cleve- Although the school was an experi- land ment and nearly all the fifteen lectur- DR. ALBERT W. BEAVEN, Presi- ers were ignorant of the needs of rural dent of Colgate-Rochester Divin- missionaries abroad all who attended ity School, Rochester, N. Y., was testified to the value of the school.

elected President of the Northern The missionary students were sup- Baptist Convention which opened its plied with whatever bulletins ~re sessions in Cleveland, Ohio, May 28. wanted from the rich store of the He succeeded Dr. Alton L. Miller of university mailing room, and each spe- Boston, who in his presidential addres·s cial lecturer was not only generous warned the delegates that the forces with printed material regarding his 1 of atheism are a menace challenging subject, but encouraged the reference the Protestant denominations of the of problems to him in the future.- Missionary Herald. world.

He was followed by President Clarence A. Barbour, head of Brown Uni- WESTERN ASIA versity, who cautioned the delegates Turkey Proceeds Against American not to reject anything because it was Movies A new. READER sends us a translation Kansas City, Missouri, was selected of a notice appearing in a Turk- as the 1931 convention city. ish newspaper, MiUiyet (the Repub- An important feature of the second lic), of Stamboul. In this notice the day was a report on prohibition and Government authorizes announcement law enforcement, which was followed that "the National Association for the on Saturday with a keenly anticipated Protection of Children is preparing address by Mrs. Mabel Walker Wilde- two laws to submit to the grand as- brandt, former Assistant United sembly this year: 1. No child below States Attorney General. the age of 18 shall be allowed to buy In connection with prohibition the liquor or cigarettes; 2. No child be-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

-J low the age .of 15 shall be allowed to Religious Freedom in Egypt C attend cinemas." Laws thus intro- ONSIDERABLE attention has been given in recent months by duced under Government auspices are assured of enactment. In another part the missionary forces in Egypt to the of the ·same paper it is made clear that question of freedom of conversion the proposed regulations against the from Islam to Christianity. The mat- attendance of children at the movies ter is not academic, for in two test are a result of the Government's de- cases freedom for an unmarried Mos- termination to protect young Turks lem woman to embrace Christianity against what it considers the demor- has been denied by the courts. In one alizing effects of American-made films. of these cases the woman was actually The -situation is worth pondering. A a baptized member of the Evangelical nation that has been popularly identi- community in Egypt. The issue re- fied with anything but a puritanical solves itself into a clash between the code of manners-however unjust that Constitutional provision of absolute notion may have been-taking steps liberty of conscience and the Sharia to guard its children against the moral Law of Personal Status. It does not ravages of the moving pictures ex- appear that any bridge to the former ported from the missionary-sending from the latter has been devised. nation of America! The "infidel" Advantage was taken of the pres- aroused to protect his children's mor- .r als against the product of the "Chris- ence of the Egyptian Delegation in England to raise the question in in- tian" !-Christian Century. formal negotiation with them. It Syria as a RepubHc would perhaps be unwise to nourish too high hopes of success in view of A NEW constitution for Syria has been announced at Paris and pro- the fact that any public proclamation which would be satisfactory to Chris- claimed in the Syrian territory over tians would almost certainly arouse a t which French mandatory powers ex- tend. Under this constitution Syria strong orthodox Mo-slem protest which the Egyptian Government might fear will be a republic with a legislative as·sembly upon which will devolve as to meet. At the same time the issue is one of fundamental importance, not one of its first acts the choice of a only for Egypt but for other Islamic president. An independent statehood and a republican form of government countries, and there can be no ques- tion that a steady pressure must be have been Syrian aspirations ever since the country passed from the con- maintained until the desired end is reached.-Bulletin of The Internation- trol of the Turkish Sultans. The con- al Missionary Council. stitution comes as the limit of the concessions which France can make; Missionary Cooperation in Persia it does not embody three Syrian de- mands-the power of the Syrian Pres- THE REV. GEORGE H. TRULL, ident to proclaim martial law, to grant one of the Secretaries of the Pres- pardons and to appoint diplomatic rep- byterian Board of Foreign Missions, resentatives to foreign powers. Such writes regarding his recent visit to authority, France holds, is not in ac- Persia: cord with rights existing in a land "I was most favorably impres-sed under a mandate. It recognizes Syria with the fine spirit of cooperation be- as an independent State, it will recog- tween our missionaries and those of nize it as a republic as soon as the the Church Missionary Society of Syrian electors have chosen an assem- England. Mr. J. D. Payne, our Mis- l' bly and a chief executive, and it grants sion Trea·surer, at the request of the to the president the right to adjourn C. M. S. missionaries, makes arrange- and dissolve Parliament under speci- ments for all their travel to the home- fied conditions.-New York Sun. land. Evidently one treasurer might

serve bQth MissiQns. One TheolQgical Independent Methodist Church in Seminary and Bible Training SchQQI is nQW quite PQssible fQr the two. Mis- Mexico siQns. Nurses trained in 'Our Tabriz HQspital are nQW in Isfahan. A visit PLANS fQr the QrganizatiQn 'Of the to. Isfahan to. see BishQP Lint'On and Meth'Odist Church 'Of Mexico. by the the C. M. S. wQrk was most worth uniting ·Qf the churches nQW in the while. The bishQP is in favQr 'Of just Mexico. Annual CQnference 'Of the 'One Evangelical Church in Persia, as MethQdi·st Episc'Opal Church, and in are the Presbyterian missiQnaries. the Mexico. Annual CQnference 'Of the Plans fQr effecting this have been MethQdist EpiscQpal Church, SQuth, drawn up and are under cQnsideratiQn. were apprQved by the General CQn- In the last analysis, the Persian Chris- ference 'Of the MethQdist EpiscQpal tians shQuld be the 'Ones to. determine Church, SQuth. This brings into. its what form 'Of church gQvernment they final stage the desire 'Of the missiQnwill adQpt. The fine Christian attitude aries and natiQnals 'Of the two. branches taken at present bQth by the C. M. S. 'Of MethQdism in Mexico. to. unite into. and 'Our 'Own missiQnaries in relatiQn 'One Church. Since 1919 they have to' the matter, makes me hQpeful that been wQrking in separate fields, hQldin Persia in the near future we may ing separate cQnferences, and cQnductfind a fQrm 'Of gQvernment adQpted by ing separate institutiQns. The Genthe Evangelical Church which will eral CQnference 'Of the MethQdist cQmbine the best features 'Of EpisCQ~ EpiscQpal Church, meeting in Kansas pacy and Presbyterianism." City in 1928, authQrized its Mexic'O Annual CQnference to. unite with the LATIN AMERICA Mexico. Annual CQnference 'Of the Church, SQuth, prQvided the latter Unique Way to Reduce bQdy tQQk similar actiQn. Thi·s was the actiQn taken in Dallas in May. SLENDERIZING diets, when intrQ- CQmmissiQns are "authQrized to. fQrm- duced in Rio. de Janeiro. by the Y. ulate a basis 'Of uniQn, to. call an au- W. C. A. 'Of Brazil, puzzled the YQuth- tQnQmQus cQnference in Mexico., and to ful members 'Of the health educatiQn perfQrm such 'Other acts as may be clas·ses. "Shall we eat this diet befQre necessary in the QrganizatiQn 'Of the 'Or after meals?" was the questiQn 'Of MethQdist Church 'Of MexicQ." The 'One enthusiast. The use 'Of diet 'Or jQint cQmmissiQn is instructed also. "to exercise to. accQmplish results is fas- pl"Qvide fQr cQntinued 'Organic relacinating as well as new to. them. The tiQnship 'Of the present cQnferences Health DirectQr, Miss Helen PaulisQn, with the MethQdist EpiscQpal Church who. went to. Rio. de J arieirQ in 1927 and the MethQdist EpiscQpal Church, from the State Teachers' CQllege fac- SQuth, respectively." ulty in Kirksville, Miss'Ouri, had charge 'Of the recreatiQn at the first Brazil Sunday School Union girls' camp. When the camp was 'Opened three years ago. by the Y. W. T HE Brazil Sunday SchQQI UniQn C. A., it was difficult to. cQnvince par- has develQped a standard training ents that QutdQQr life was healthful CQurse which cQmprises twelve units fQr their daughters. The camp is nQW 'Of ten class peri'Ods-a Qne-hundred- PQPular with parents as well as girls. twenty-peri'Od CQurse. The UniQn's great prQblem nQW is to. prQvide the The Y. W. C. A. theQries 'Of health textbQQks needed fQr many 'Of these and cQrrective exercises were in such CQurses, but as the different missiQn demand that much 'Of Miss PaulisQn's bQards have begun to. make apprQpriatime was spent in a training course tiQns fQr the develQpment 'Of literature, f.Qr teachers and an advanced CQurse it is hQped that preparatiQn 'Of these fQr girls in training at Bennett CQI- texts may nQW go. fQrward withQut lege. i n t e r r u p t i 'On.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Some Living Issues. By Robert E. Speer. today. Then follow chapters applying 280 pp. $2.50. Revell. New York. the principles of Christ to such prac- President Angell, of Yale Univer- tical questions of life as tolerance and sity, at the recent commencement, said its limits, prayer, marriage and di- that "the period in which we are liv- vorce, equality of women in the church, ing may well come to be known in re- education, and missions. The final ligious history as the 'age of unbe- chapter is the substance of the great lief' …… Hardly a week goes by that sermon on "Returning to Jesus," some new book does not appear attack- which Dr. Speer preached as Moderator ing one or another of the strongholds of the Presbyterian General Assembly of religious faith, while the popular on his return from the Jerusalem Con- magazines are flooded with articles of ference in 1928, a chapter which fit- like charact~r. Even college profes- tingly closes a noble contribution to .,f sors vie with itinerant lecturers and the religious literature of this gen- casual essayists in the chorus of athe- eration. istic propaganda."

Several books have been reviewed in The History of Protestant Missions in Xo- these columns that ably deal with this rea. By L. George Paik, Ph.D. 438 pp. situation. Most of them, however, $2.50. Christian Literature Society.

valuable as they are, are not likely to Seoul. 1929.

be read by many young people. Dr. The story of Christian missions in Speer's volume will doubtless secure Korea is one of the most inspiring wider popular hearing. He has prob- stories in the history of Foreign Mis- ably addressed more college students sions. It has been told in several books than any other Christian leader of this by missionaries and board secretaries, generation. He knows the youth's and now it has been told by a native mind and how to approach it. He dis- Korean who, after studying in the cusses vital religious questions in such mission schools in Korea, came to a clear and readable way that his book America and completed his studies at should be placed in the hands of tens Park College, Princeton University of thousands of young men and wom- and Princeton Theological Seminary.

en, as well as laymen who do not or- Afterwards he took post graduate dinarily read religious books. In these work at the University of Pennsylva- days of confused voices, when minds, nia and Yale University, the latter in- I: particularly among students, are be- stitution giving him the degree of wildered by doubts, a book like this is Doctor of Philosophy. He is now a 1' of inestimable value. Dr. Speer writes, professor in the Chosen Christian Col- not controversially but in catholic spir- lege, Seoul. Dr. K. S. Latourette, it, and the assured faith of one who Professor of Missions in the Yale can say with St. Paul: "I know Him School of Religion, highly commends whom I have believed." the book in a foreword. While the Seven chapters present the major volume is rather detailed for general truths about Christ-His deity, virgin reading, we concur in the judgment I" birth, crucifixion, resurrection, Lord- of Dr. D. J. Fleming, Professor of ship, and His place in the world of Missions in Union Theological Sem- 637

inary, New York, that "it ought to books, and brought together in one be in every missionary library and all corrected narrative the important in- board secretaries should have it." Or- cidents connected with the develop- ders sent to THE REVIEW will be for- ment of the missionary spirit and warded to the publishers' in Korea. activities of all the evangelical churches of that day. Beginning with Korea Calls. By Lois Hawks Swinehart. brief sketches of John Eliot and Da- 160 pp. $1.25. Revell. New York. vid Brainard, out of which grew the Mrs. Swinehart has given an inter- Society for the Propagation of the esting and instructive depiction of the Gospel in New England, and by which education, charming penonality, and William Carey and Henry Martyn sterling Christian character of an were inspired to enter on their mis- American girl who, following her vi- sionary careers, the author proceeds sion, became a missionary in a far to describe the rise of the great Methaway land in spite of the strenuous odist Home Missions Movement under objections of an aunt whose intention the leadership of Bishop Asbury, was to make her a queen among the whose personal record was the preachyounger set of an American City. The ing of 16,000 sermons, ordaining more author's story of Frances Holt's let- than 4,000 preachers, and traveling ters to her father, describing the pic- by horseback and carriage 270,000 turesque costumes, moods of life, miles. strange language and customs of Ko- It was, however, as our author reans, the beautiful landscape of Ko- points out, hyper-Calvinists (they rea, her unexpected fall into a "tiger called themselves "Consistent Calvindrive" on her initial journey and her ists") of the Edwardeon and Hopkinlucky escape are highly entertaining. sian type who took the lead in pro- The author points out, too, that the moting missions to foreign lands. service of carrying Christian faith, Both Samuel Mills of the Haystack hope, and love to oppressed, broken- prayermeeting and Adoniram Judson hearted, and benighted humanity were disciples of Samuel Hopkins, who throughout the world is the noblest held the view that "one must be willhuman endeavor and that it therefore ing, nay, even anxious to spend his requires the best type of men and eternity in hell if it should chance to women as missionaries. please God to send him there"! The book is written in lucid style and the story is facinating, even Readers of all denominations will though it is a disappointment to the find sketches of the beginning of the Korean on account of its revelation of missionary work of their several some of the worst and not at all of the churches, which are not brought tobest side of the social, religious, and gether in any other one book in such intellectual life of the Korean. a compact and interesting way. The whole story is made readable by a PEONG K. YOON. genial vein of humor, and the author's The Rise of the Missionary Spirit in Amer- comments are characterized by com- ica,1790-1815. By Oliver Wendell Ells- mon sense and a commendable breadth bree, Ph.D. 145 pp. Cloth, $2.00; of view. S. H. CHESTER.

Paper, $1.00. Williamsport Printing Co. The Present and Future of Religion. By This is a valuable contribution to C. E. M. Joad. 310 pp. $2. Macmillan. current mIssIOnary literature, al- New York.

though it contains little that is not This book is an example of the as- familiar to the student of missions. saults upon the churches. The author, The author has searched through al- a graduate of Oxford University and most innumerable periodicals, pamph- a lecturer on philosophy, says that his lets and sermons of the period, and "interest is that neither of a believer about two hundred contemporary nor of a sceptic but of an absorbed

BOOKS WORTH READING

spectator." But he reports with gusto pen and brush, as well as by her per- all the adverse statistics he has been sonality and prayer, extended in ever- able to get hold of, magnifies the de- widening circles throughout the Near fects of the churches, ignores most of East. Artist, writer and mystic, she their virtues, and minimizes what he found her ,theme and inspiration in cannot ignore. His book deals pri- work among the lowly, first in the marily with the Church of England, City of Algiers and then on long itiner- but he includes references to other ating journeys to the borders of the churches in both Great Britain and Sahara. No missionary in modern America. One of the many samples times has prepared more effective lit- of the judgment of this philosophic erature for the Moslem heart; and "spectator" is his statement on pp. 16, she was the pioneer in attempts to 17 that "far more people believe that make Christian literature in Arabic the Bible is inspired than that the first artistically attractive. The record of chapter of Genesis is historical. The her life here given happily consists inference seems to be that many peo- largely of extracts from her own jour- ple who regard the Bible as God's book nals and letters. There is scarcely any consider that He has wilfully deceived attempt at interpretation. One who His readers in the first chapter." knew her intimately sums up the se- When a writer makes a statement like cret of her life in these words: that, we wonder whether we should "Her wide outlook and vision, and vindicate his intelligence at the ex- her touch with world mission prob- pense of his sincerity or his sincerity lems, went hand in hand with a grasp at the expense of his intelligence. of detail which amazed, as did her memory. Her methodical files and The Epistles of Paul the Apostle to the folios and her unfailing attention to Thessalonians. By C. F. Hogg and W. business and to letters were all the E. Vine. 307 pp. $1.60. Pickering and more remarkable in one who had such Inglis. London. great artistic and literary gifts. Miss Trotter has always seemed to me, in A conservative, exegetical, practical, these nearly twenty years of working missionary commentary on the earliest under her, like a knight with a pure of Paul's epistles. It gives the mean- white banner floating on high, and ing of the text with references to all never for an instant lowered, a knight parallel passages. The authors write never off duty." S. M. ZWEMER. in a sane and scholarly way and their work was highly commended by the late W. H. Griffith Thomas. Unfor- Romance Road: Life and Work in North- tunately even this second edition has ern Africa. By Georgiana Barbara four pages of typographical correc- Such. 215 pp. $2.00. Revell. New York. tions. S. M. ZWEMER. An .engrossing narrative of travel Lilias Trotter. By Blanche A. F. Pigott. in Morocco and Algiers with brief ex- 245 pp. $2.50. Marshall, Morgan & cursions in Kabylia and Tunisia. The Scott. London. writer loves the Arabs and Kabyles The large circle of friends who have and has spent many days with them seen the clear flame of this candle in on the road and in their villages.

North Africa owe a great debt to Miss "Their condition is pitiful, their needs Ij Pigott, who was Miss Trotter's com- appalling, their poverty tragic, but I rade for half a century and who their hearts are clean and their souls Ii through months of weakness has com- worthy of our love." There are pen piled this memorial of a deathless life. sketches of Casablanca, the new Miss Trotter was born in 1853 and French capital with its mushroom died in 1928. The greater part of her growth, of Algiers in its romantic life was spent in Algiers where she beauty, of the dancing women of the founded the Algier's Mission Band, nomads, and of the wild weird per- but the influence she exerted by her formances of the dervishes. One

misses the background of those who about Russia-clear, comprehensive, know Islam as the dominant religion, up-to-date and judiciously fair. Have- and no direct mention is made of es- lock Ellis calls it "the most competent tablished missions, but the author is and best balanced book on Russia."

sympathetic in outlook although very "I've learned more from it than I have limited in her knowledge of Arabic. from any other book I've read for The illustrations are beautiful, but the years," says H. G. Wells. John Dewey picture of a possible jihad given in writes an introduction in which he the last chapter is fanciful. There is declares that "to read these pages with no map and no index. sympathy is to travel the road of a S. M. ZWEMER. liberal education. He has risen above the trammels of partisanship and Immanuel Hymnal. 600 pp. The Mac- achieved a depiction as objective, as millan Co. New York. 1929. impartial, as it is moving and varied."

In this collection of about six hun- The book shows that what is taking dred church hymns, with music and place is not a mere surface change, a responsive Scripture readings, the dis- realignment of existing institutions, tinctive features are the complete ab- but a veritable uprooting of humanity. sence of hymns having a Unitarian "Russia has plucked up the old world tinge or of obscure spiritual meaning, by its very roots, and the party in the introduction of much new music power is glad to see these roots wilt of a high order (one fifth of the tunes and turn to dust …… She wants a being new), and the excellent arrange- society without religion, with sex freement of the Scripture readings under dom, with external compulsions reheadings which suggest the Scriptural moved from family and love, with themes. There is also an admirable mental and manual workers reduced series of indexes, alphabetical, metri- to a plane of equality, with the indical and subject, first lines and tunes. vidual depending for his salvation not The collection represents a winnow- on himself but the group. A whole ing from the best great hymns of the generation is being vigorously reared Church of the past, with important in the belief that religion is a monnew material and the rediscovery of strous unreality, that the accumulasome of the best devotional melodies tion of material substance is the from the hymnology of Germany and grossest of wrongs, and that the man othpr lands. This hymnal will con- in its pursuit, especially the business tribute in marked degree to intelli- man, is the slimiest creature on earth." gent, spiritual worship. These are not the words of a man H. R. MONRO. who has depended on second hand in- formation. He was born in Russia, lived there till the age of fourteen Humanity Uprooted. By Maurice Hindus. when he came to America, and in 1923 369 pp. $3.50. Jonathan Cape and went back to Russia, and since then Harrison Smith. New York. has visited Russia almost annually, roaming at leisure in Siberia, the Cau- Everywhere people are thinking about Russia. There is an impression casus, the Volga region, the Ukrains, that something unprecedented is tak- the Crimea and the far North, his ing place, but there is a suspicion that Russian birth and knowledge of the some of the reports are Soviet propa- language opening to him sources of ganda and that others are the exag- information that were closed to others.

gerated charges of hostile critics. Just No one who wants to know the real what and why is the Russian type of truth about Soviet Russia can afford Communism? What is it doing? What to miss this authentic and graphic ac- are its merits and demerits? This count of an upheaval among 150,000,- book answers these and related ques- 000 people, which may have a porten- tions. It is preeminently the book tous effect upon the world.

The Missionary Review of the World — October 1929

-';' –

r.;>-=-<.;~.;>-=-<.;~.;>-=-<.;~.;>-=-<.;~.;'

] AN ANNUITY SIGNED [ 'D MAKES AN EASY MIND <I.

] Worries Annuity agreements of the undersigned organizations are absolutely [ ~ Vanish safe. Their financial and moral backing are the best.

]. Troubles No need to reinvest funds, watch the stock market, check up deeds [<I' Disappear and abstracts, collect rents, make repairs, or pay insurance.

'1> Contentment You receive and deposit your annuity check at regular intervals. That [<I'

] Comes is all ! And you know also that when you are called hence your funds are used to extend His Kingdom.

.] Ask those with experience if it is true that [ '1> AN ANNUITY SIGNED [<I.

MAKES AN EASY MIND ] For further information write to '1> W. J. ELLIOTT,' Tre..urer Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist [<I'

Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa., or ] I> MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer Board of Foreign Mis.ions of the Methodist. Episcopal Church, <I ~ ~ 150 Filth Avenue, New York City.

~"?; :"?~"?l :.:;a.~"?O)=O"(~~~O)=O"("?~~O)=O"('?~FJ READ THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor "THE MOSLEM WORLD is indispensable for all friends of foreign missions who wish to remain in touch with the rapid and kaleidoscopic changes among the two hundred and thirty-four millions of Moslems. There is at present no living person commanding such world-wide and intimate knowl- edge of the problems connected with the Moslem world as the editor-in-chief of this Quarterly."–lulius Richter,D.D., Professor of the Science of Missions, University of Berlin.

Address THE MOSLEM WORLD 15. Filth Avenue New York City Single Copies, SOc.; Annual Subscriptions, $2.00; In Combination with the REVIEW, $3.50 Missionary Equipment and Litera.ry Supply, London In Great Britain, Eight Shillings Net Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW Oil' TIlE "'~ORT,D in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY PERSONALS REVIEW OF THE WORLD (Concluded from second cover.) DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor DR. JAMES CANTINE, one of the found- CONTENTS-October, 1929 ers of the Arabian Mission of the Re- Puge formed Church in America and recently a missionary in Mesopotamia, has re- FRON'l'ISPIECE-Going Up to Jerusalem turned to America to undergo an opera- HAS CHRISTIANITY CHANGED tion from which, we are thankful to say, • . . . • . . . . . • . . . . . SAMUEL 11. ZWElUER 741 he is now recover•ing•. * 'fHE AIM OF CHRISTIANITY REV. JAMES B. RODGERS, D.D., of the ……………. EDWIN E. CALVERLEY 744 Presbyterian Mission in Manila, repre- THE WORLD MISSION OF CHRIS'l'IAN- sented the Philippine churches at the ITY ……………. JULIUS RICHTER 747 centenary celebration of Christian Mis- THE CHRISTIAN VIEW OF MISSIONS sions in Siam December last. Dr. and …………… . ,COURTENAY H. FENN 749 Mrs. Rodgers are now in America, and KA~IIL MANSUR OF CAIRO · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E. E. ELDER 752 Dr. Rodgers is acting as a temporary 'fHE MISSION OF THE CHURCH secretary of the Presbyterian Board of ……………… ANNA A. MILLIGAN 753 Foreign Missions at 156 Fifth Ave., 'l'HE TRUE AND ABIDING BASIS OF *** FOREIGN ~IISSIONS New York.

· …………….. . ROBERT E. SPEER 755 THE REV. S. W. GENTLE-CACKETT, F.R.

ARE :lIISSIONS TOO PERMANENT? G.S., secretary of the Bible Lands Mis- ••.•• _. _ ••. _. _ .. _ .JOHN R. SCOTFORD 758 sions' Aid Society of London, is in Ameri- AFTER JERUSALEM WHAT? ca in connection with the twenty-fifth ……………….. WILl,lAM PATON 762 anniversary of the Society. He is seeking THE GOSPEL FOR A CHANGING to increase the income in order that the WORLD _……… ROBER" H. GLOVER 767 Society may give larger help to missions PRESENT CONDITIONS IN PALES'l'INE in the Near East. Among the special · ……………… , .. S. B, ROHOLD 771 objects is a campaig:n against tubercu- THE WILDER MEMORIAL IN INDIA 777 EDITORIALS …………………… 779 losis and blindness, and $25,000 to estab- The World Mi88ion 0/ Ohrist lish a Bible training school for native Is the lVork Completed? pastors in Bulgaria. Religiou8 Antagon'ism in RU88ia *** Crime ana the Cine'ma MRS. JOHN S. KENNEDY, the well be- ME'fHODR FOR WORKERS •••… EDITED BY !IRS. F. I. JOHNSON 783 loved benefactress of many missionary WOMAN'S HOME MISRION BULLETIN and philanthropic enterprises, has re- • •.. EDI,,ED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 791 ceived from New York University the WO~[AN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLE- honorary degree of Master of Humane TIN . . . . . . EDITED BY AMY G. LEWIS 794 Letters. This is in especial recognition WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK . _. _. . . . . . . . 797 of the generous gifts of her husband and BOOKS WORTH READING .. ' . . . . . . . . . 813 herself to the university, one of which TERMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of was to build the Cornelius Baker Hall of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. PubIislled monthly. Copyrighted, Philosophy, in memory of Mrs. Kennedy's 1928, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO,,· father. .. .. >I< PANY, INC. All rights reserv~d DR. ROBERT LAWS, C.M.G., the veteran missionary of Livingstonia, has been hon- THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING ored by the Government of Nyasaland COMPANY, INC. by having renamed for him Mount Nv- ROBERT E. SPEER, Prc8idettt amkhowa, the great mass of forest hill- ""lLLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-Pre8ident land which dominates the central station of Livingstonia, and which is in future DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary to be known as Mount Laws. The moun- WALTER McDouGAr,L, Treasurer tain rises to a heig-ht of 7,000 feet above the sea, and is within the mission estate. Publication Office, 3d & Reily St., Harrisburg, It looks across Lake Nyasa to the Liv- ingstone range of mountains, called after PRo 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. the famous missionary explorer. Dr. Editorial and BUN~~S~~~CC'il:6 ~ifth Avenue, Laws has recently been addressing con- ferences and churches in America. Entered as secorid-class matter at the Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March *• * 3, 1879. PRESIDENT SATO of Hokkaido Imperial University. a Methodist layman, was ele- vated to the Jananese Peerage on the occasion of the Mikado's enthronement.

*•* OBITUARY REV. "EORGE D. COWLES, missionary Rin~" 1893 under the American Board in Umzumbe, South Africa, died August 21st at Durban.

WILLIAM S. MARQUIS entered into

rest at his home in Montclair, New Jersey, on August 19th, after a prolonged A SURE INCOME illness. His seventy-six years of life were filled with rich spiritual service, for Your Older Days first as a pastor and later in connection with the Every Member Pl,an Committee andYouAid aGreatWork,Too of the Presbyterian Church. Recently he had devoted much of his time to in- (;YN ABSOLUTELY dependable intercessory prayer and to the promotion ~ come-that is what you get from Bible of the League for Intercessory Prayer, especially among retired ministers. He Annuity Bonds of the New York Bible is widely known and greatly beloved, Society. Twice a year the postman brings you and he will be held in sweet remem- a check, always for the same amount. And as brance. high as 9%, depending on your age. ABSO- LUTELY SAFE, no fluctuations. In addition, *** you contribute to the great Christian work of the Society in distributing Bibles-to the lonely MRS. JULIA BAKER SCHAUFFLER, the in hotels-to the sick in hospitals-to the forwidow of the late Dr. A. F. SchaufHer lorn in prisons-in raised type to the blind-in of New York, died on her eighty-sixth 67 languages to immigrants and sailors. birthday, August 23d, at Bar Harbor, the summer home of her sister, Mrs. Many Satisfied Bond Holders John S. Kennedy. Mrs. SchaufHer was deeply interested in missions. She had Without obligating yourself in the least, you traveled in the Near East and was very can find out all about this "Truly Christian widely read in missionary literature. Investment." The coupon below will bring She was for some years a valued mem- you an illustrated booklet which gives full details. ber of the Board of Directors of the Also contains unsolicited letters from satisfied REVIEW and always a beloved friend and bond holders and endorsements from wellsupporter. She was secretary of the known people. Mail the coupon now and you Woman's Branch of the New York City will soon have this interesting booklet to read Mission Society from 1902 to 1915, and at your leisure. at the time of her death was honorary president of the Board of Managers. Send for This She had a very wide circle of friends FREE Booklet and correspondents engaged in missionary work and her spiritual and material NEW YORK benefactions brought blessing to many BIBLE SOCIETY who will hold her enshrined in affectionate remembrance. Dept. 34 .. * .. I) East 48th St., New York City DR. J. N. FARQUHAR, the well-known Without oblig.tion to me, kindly send me a copy missionary to India and a writer of In- of your free booklet "A Truly Christian Investment… dian religions, died recently and his death means a great loss to the work in India. He went out as a missionary of the London Missionary Society and later joined the Y. M. C. A. as a worker among college students. Subsequently he devoted his full time to the cause of Christian literature in India and published a series of volumes known as The Hermitage of India Series, the Quest of India Series and the Builder of Modern India Series. He was obliged to leave on account of ill health in 1923 but continued to act as advisor on Indian literature. His "Crown of Hinduism" is a book of special merit. While he was familiar with the impurities and weaknesses of the Hindu religion he recognized the element of truth contained in it and contended that Christ' is the fulfilment of India's long search after God and he alone can . . . be the Saviour of India and the Hindus.

REV. PAUL DWORKOWICZ, for many N.me …,……………………………………………………..Age………… years a missionary of the British Jews Address …………………………………………………………………… City………… ,…….,….."……,…….. ,………..8t.te…………………… Society, died recently in his eightyeighth year, having given 60 years in carrying the Gospel to Jews.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE 'VORT,D in writing to adverti~ers.

JEWS AND CHRISTIANS GO UP TO JERUSALEM TO WORSHIP-OR TO WAR, WHICH?

LII, No. 10 October

HAS CHRISTIANITY CHANGED?

BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., Cairo, Egypt Author oj "The mory oj the OroB8," Etc.

H AS the mission, the message, worship, e. g., the adoration of the aim and the power of images. Others would "Bowdler- Christianity changed in the ize" the Bible, omitting for ex- past nineteen centuries? Many ample in Luke the fifteenth chapter voices are telling us that it has the reference to the "fatted calf,"

changed or that it should change as it is a stumbling-block to Hin- with the changing years and the dus. Some even go so far as to new environments in which it is advocate the substitution of Hindu cast. A writer in the Indian Social Shastras for the Old Testament.

Reformer (Oct. 6, 1928) assures us "Others wish to see Chri3tianity that "Christendom has sunk back Indianized by naming Christ by to the tribal level of a negative some more distinctively Indian morality from which Christianity title than the 'Lamb of God'-a elevated it to the height of a uni- name which meant much to a pas- versal religion centuries ago." toral nation but means nothing at The Turkish daily, Ikdam (Sept. all in India."· 30,1928) says:" Some are even less cautious. In What has present mankind to do the Christian Century of" August with the Israelitish conception of God 27th, 1925, writing on the subject three or four thousand years ago? At of "The Oriental Christ," Rev. first, they had conceived a blood-thirsty Wm. E. Barton says: and jealous God; later on they embel- lished it a little. In order to advertise If I were a Chinese, or an Indian, or this Jewish God, they have handed out a Persian, I might say, "It is just as Bibles … All this means that there is a legitimate for me to fi"nd prophecies of Jehovah who changes His uniform ac- the Christ in the Scriptures of my own cording to the civilization and prevailing people as it was for Paul. It is just as ideas. The Isaiah, Matthew and John legitimate for me to perpetuate some of of the present age are the great English- the rit~s of my nation in my kind of men-Darwin, Spencer, and Newton. Christianity as it was for the early The chanting of the Bible by millions of Jewish Christians to carry over a cartpersons is nothing else but a mere habit load of their tradition and custom, or which secures its perpetuation. for you occidental Christians, whose A well-known Christian thinker ancestors shivered on the edge of the in South India believes that the frigid zone, to take over the solar fes- tivals of your bloody heathen ancestors Indian Church of the future will from the dim north woods."

have to consecrate in the service • John S. Hoyland on liThe Presentation of the Christian Me"BaKe In India" In The of Christ many features of Indian Nineteenth Oentury and A/ter, June, 1929.

741

Whence this confusion of coun- gram. The fire still kindles the sel from within and without? If, sacrifice on the altar when an as the pronouncements of Lau- Elijah lifts holy hands to God. sanne and of the Jerusalem Council Revivals of religion follow the same agreed, the heart of the Christian laws that they did at Pentecost or message and the secret of our in the days of Luther, Savonarola, power is Jesus Christ Himself, that Wesley, and Moody. And the hupower and that message, like Him, man heart everywhere understands are the same yesterday, today, and the cry of Isaiah, "Ho, everyone forever. We do not so much need that thirsteth" and the promise of to discover new values in the non- Jesus Christ, "Whosoever drinketh Christian religions as old values, of the water that I shall give him and new values, in Christ. We shall never thirst." It may be very need not so much a new interpreta- learned to explain germination by tion of the Christian message as its proclamation with its old power. describing the bacteria in the soil, It is less ·important to nationalize to talk of vacuums and low pres- Christianity than to Christianize sure areas, to refer to the chemisthe nations. We should never con- try of a candle, and the meaning of fuse the s'Ustance with the form, H20 in quenching a flame-but all nor the message with the language this is unnecessary. The sower in which it is presented. The gift soweth the seed. The winds of God of God, Jesus Christ, in all His blow. The fire kindleth the brushfulness remains the same by what- wood. Water satisfies thirst. In ever human terminology we try to this sense the Christian message express' the fact that "in Him and mission, our aim and our dydwelleth all the fullness of the God- namic, are as simple as the common head bodily." The inadequacy of things of life. The wayfaring the stammering messenger does man though a fool, need not err not change the essential worth of therein. At Lausanne representathe Divine message. The material tives of nearly all the churches of of the chalice or its ornamentation Christendom agreed that this old does not change the wine of the message "the eternal Gospel, meets king's table. the needs and fulfils the God-given aspirations of the modern world. The ancient civilized world be- Consequently, as in the past, so also lieved that there were four ele- in the present, the Gospel is the ments, earth, air, fire and water. only way of salvation." It has al- The modern world knows that ways been the only way. In the there are scores of known elements days of the apostle Paul there were and many elements yet to be dis- teachers who tried to introduce ancovered. But earth, air, fire, and other gospel. Syncretism began water are what they always were, before the end of the first century. and behave as they always did. "Certain individuals," Paul writes, Greater knowledge of nature has "are unsettling you; they want to only added greater mystery. The distort the gospel of Christ." He spiritual seed still grows secretly warns them against such a disin the soil of the human heart. The torted gospel, though it come by wind still "bloweth where it list- an angel from Heaven! (Gal. 1: eth" and God's Spirit is not bound by any missionary council or pro- 6-9). The experience of the Church in

HAS CHRISTIANITY CHANGED?

all lands and for nineteen centuries tian Bibles," said the great Orientproves that we need no "Shorter alist, Sir Monier Williams in a Bible" nor a longer Bible. "It is memorable address, "are all de- God's Book, and like the'Holy City velopments in the wrong direction. of John's vision, it lies foursquare They all begin with some flashes of to the needs of humanity-its true light, and end in utter darklength and its breadth and its ness. Pile them, if you will, on height are equal. The Bible So- the left side of your study table, cieties have never added nor sub- but place your own Bible on tracted from its contents. They right side-all by itself-all alone exist only to pour them out. It is -and with a wide gap between. the living word of God and resents It requires some courage to appear dissection. intolerant in these days of flabby compromise and milk-and-water With eager knife that oft has sliced concession, but I contend that …. At Gentile gloss or Jewish fable, Before the crowd you lay the Christ there is a gulf between the Bible Upon the lecture table. and the so-called sacre'd books of the East, which severs the one From bondage to the old beliefs from the other utterly, hopelessly, You say our rescue must begin: and forever-not a mere rift which But I want refuge from my griefs, may be easily closed and across And saving from my sin. which the Christian and non-Chris- tian shake hands and interchange The strong, the easy, and the glad similar ideas in regard to essential Hang blandly listening on your word; truths-but a veritable gulf which But I am sick and I am sad, . cannot be bridged over by any And I need Thee, 0 Lord. science of religious thought-yes, a bridgeless chasm, which no the- The time is not come for anyone, ory of evolution can ever span!" least of all any missionary of Christ, to propose any other sacred book as supplement or substitute for the Bible. "These non-Chris- THE ALL-SUFFICIENCY OF CHRIST Do we really believe that our Gospel is a gospel of love and forgiveness and truth and patience, a Gospel which we are the more bound to offer to men as their need of it and our needs are the more clearly shown?

The fundamental question is as to whether we know what Christianity really is and mean really to give our lives to its claim.

This is all there is to the foreign missions appeal and argument.

Everything else is secondary or irrelevant. If Christ is the only Lord and Saviour then He must be shared with all mankind. If the present methods of sharing Him are inadequate or ineffective, then let the men who believe in Christ rise up and correct them and pour out in the enterprise a new flood of power and accom- plishment. This is what is really needed-a great volume of new and unwithholding devotion. ROBERT E. SPEER.

AIM OF

BY REV. EDWIN E. CALVERLEY, Ph.D., Amarah, Iraq lIIi88ionnry oj the Reformea Ghurch in. America PAUL of Tarsus is the Profes- Rome and Corinth that they are sor of Christian Psychology "called to be saints." This is the of the New Testament. He message of the Testament that was does not use textbook terms, but neW nineteen centuries ago. What employs the common words of does our present age say? The home and church, so that everyone "Varieties of Religious Experi- everywhere recognizes that his de- ence," by the late Prof. William scriptions of the states and acts of James, of Harvard, was first pub- the human soul are true in what- lished a number of years ago but ever language his words are read. the original edition is still being Recently.a man of Mesopotamia reprinted. Its influence upon the told me of his struggles to stop modern study of religious psychol- sinning. He had been brought up ogy has been unparalleled among as a Shi'i Moslem and he could not textbooks of its own kind. It is the conquer his passions. He said that case book of religious experience in houses of prostitution he would as recorded in the literature of feel the shame of his association. fact. It includes the enthusiasms He would take his head into his of the Poet-Prophet David and the hands and say to himself, "I am of devout religious bookkeeping of better position, better education the unimaginative George Muller and better ideals than these people, and the testimonies of a hundred so why do I come among them?" other religious experts. The state- He once spent months in a mosque, ments' of their experiences are ex- without leaving there day and amined in a popular scientific way, night, and had his meals brought not always sympathetically, as in to him there, so that he might George MillIer's case nor always break with his old sinful associa- successfully, for there is a domain tions and habits; but he did not of religious experience that re- succeed. When I read to him Paul's quires a special enduement of spir- Seventh Chapter of Romans, he ex- itual discernment. Prof. James'

claimed, "That's it exactly! That's book itself makes the fact plain exactly my condition!" I empha- that there are spiritual experiences sized the twenty-fifth verse, and he that are real, although beyond the was willing to accept it. He had reach of scientific investigation, become a Bahai, and can say "Yes" and it is New Testament doctrine to the fundamentals of all reli- that spiritual things require the gions, and join the public worship teaching of the Spirit. Neverthe- of any when it will bring no un- less every chapter was written with pleasant consequences upon him- the desire to discover the secret of self. the religious experts who had Paul describes the mission 01' found God and peace. He consid- Christ and the aim of Christianity ers the lives of these experts be- in the language of the Church that fore and after their conversion, is perfectly clear to all. He tells and he cannot help commending the members of the churches at their example. In his commenda- 744

THE AIM OF CHRISTIANITY

A SCENE AT A CITY GATE OF KUWAIT, ARABIA tion he too uses the language of hermits were no longer served and the church and exclaims, "Let us they have left their not too inacbe saints!" cessible caves for other places.

We are "called to be saints," Let us be Christians of our own says' the Apostle Paul. "Let us be times and circumstances and let us saints," says Prof. James. Our age prove our greater enlightenment may not wish the title of saint for and our better understanding of itself, because it sounds sancti- Christianity by our better characmonious, and' will not give the ters and our greater works and by reputation of saint to the idle and our truer loyalty to the claims and the parasite. The changing times ideals of our Lord Jesus Christ. It are helping to produce a newer and is not hard to recognize the saintly better understanding of what the character; we speak of our mothname of saint implies. ers as "saintly" and we know no nobler standard can be set before The wilderness between J erusa- us than the aim expressed in the lem and Jericho was peopled thirty words: "Let us be saints!" and more years ago with religious hermits who lived in the rocks and The opposite of saint is not sincaves of the hills and valleys. Fed ner, but contented sinner. No saint by the pilgrims who toiled up and says he is not a sinner. Saint Paul down the paths leading to the Holy called himself the "chief of sin- City they passed their lives served ners." But no saint is contented by the devotion of the faithful. when he finds sin in his life. It But motor cars and well-kept roads was and is the aim of Christ to have given the pilgrims cheaper give victory and hope to all who and quicker journeys to their are disC'Ontented with the sin in shrines and sacred scenes. The their lives.

"Repent and bring forth fruits been moderate in its movement and worthy of repentance!" cried John remarkable in its llrosperity, but the Forerunner. "Seek ye first the materialism rather than spiritual- Kingdom of God and His right- ity is its characteristic feature. If eousness!" cried our Lord J esu ' an example of educational revolu- Christ. It is the one command tion is asked for, none greater than that applies to every man of every the Italian Renaissance can be excentury of every race and every amined, but nobody acclaims its clime. Sin is the great enemy of morality nor desires a nation of mankind. It knows no nationality Benevenuto Cellinis. and draws no cultural, economic, social or political lines. It is as On the other hand the national, universal as conscience and as communal and individual revoludeep-rooted as the desire to eat tions effected by Wesley, Zinzinand drink. It took majestic arro- dorf and Augustine represent gance even to challenge its control moral and spiritual improvements, of mankind. It took divine com- whose value writers of profane and passion to provide for the conquest church history acknowledge. of sin. It took supernatural power to break its recognized dominion All of these leaders warred over man. It takes the activity of against sin and in that warfare the Holy Spirit to restore its devas- they developed for themselves and tation. their followers Christian charac- ters noble in quality and energetic The evidence of history proves the need of the Christian opposi- in activity. If their present-day tion to sin. Our world has experi- admirers and followers in Church enced radical changes of thought and institution want to be true to and life. It has endured many the ideals of the heroes of their great revolutions: political, social, faith, they too must war against economic and cultural. In bring- sin, private and' public, personal ing about governmental changes and national, and they too will deneither Cromwell's Puritan revolu- velop real Christian characters, tion nor Lenin's political paganism worthy of the name saint and proare models of morality. In the ductive of good works that testify England of Cromwell's time "The to their worthiness. military saints resolved that in defiance of the old laws of the realm Sin, or rebellion against God and of the almost universal senti- and the disregard for His characment of the nation, the King ter and laws, is the great enemy 0" should expiate his crimes with his man. It is sin that our Lord Jesus Christ came to overthrow. In problood." * portion as Christianity, the Church and the Christian have opposed sin The Russian anti-religious prop- have they produced saints and proaganda is revolting to every reli- moted the unified, peaceful and gious sentiment. The French happy character of the individual Revolution was the world's great- and the weal of the public. The est social earthquake, and it was church or the mission that neglects not distinguished for morality. The this great and central aim of American economic revolution has Christ and Christianity disregards its charter and is condemned to • Macauley: History oj Englund, (vol. 1, leanness of soul and barrenness of p. 103, Everyman's Edition).' life and service.

WORLD MISSION OF

BY REV. JULIUS RICHTER, D.D., Berlin, Germany Author oj rfM188ions in India/J Rtc.

W E MUST carefully distin- tion of each generation with regard guish between absolute and to its particular task has changed relative standards, between from time to time. Jewish Chriseternal goals and contemporary tianity of the first generation developments. As to the back- looked on Jesus Christ as the promground of eternity in missions ised Messiah, the so long waited there can be no difference of opin- for Seed from the root of Jesse, ion among Christians who have and they regarded it as their duty their stand in the Biblical Gospel, to draw the attention of their felthat is, in Christianity as the di- low Jews and of their non-Jewish vinely revealed program of God contemporaries to the rapidly adfor the human race. vimcing fulfillment of the prophetic promises. The Christian Church of The redemption of humanity the next centuries was almost unthrough Jesus Christ, His Cross consciously drawn into that curiand His resurrection is the start- ous syncretistic movement which ing point. brought the most divers religious currents from the Orient into the The establishment of the King- Occident, the Christian religion as dom of God in glory is the goal. the strongest of these currents of Oriental religions assimilating the The Church is the instrument in best elements of all of them and so God's hands to build up His King- conquering all rivals. dom on the foundation of Calvary. After Christianity had become To make disciples of Jesus, in- the State religion under Constanspired by His spirit and patterned tine the situation and task changed after His model, is the way to- rapidly and it became imperative wards this goal, our religious meth- to assimilate slowly, yet thoroughod of work. ly, the pagan masses of the Roman This development, encompassing time and eternity, calling into service churches, nations and individ- uals in all continents and in all Empire into the Christian Church generations, is the background of and at least to attempt to change the World Mission of Christianity; them by the Holy Spirit. it is the hour hand on the world clock advancing steady yet irre- During the middle ages the mis- . sistibly until God's predestined sionary movement again had quite time is fulfilled. We must keep it a different outlook, yet a clear cut in mind always, though of course task. The Germanic, Nordish, our eye immediately is concentrat- Slavish peoples of Central, Northed on the minute hand which is ern and Eastern Europe needed to showing us our particular task, and be brought into the church, and a where we stand in our generation, close cooperation between Church and what God expects us to do for and State, a comprehensive clerical and in our contemporary world. expansion, and the cultural superi- ority of the Christian nations It is exceedingly interesting to worked together to enable the watch how the individual concep- medieval Church to fulfill her mis- 747

sionary task so decisive for the fu- watchword ringing in the ear of ture of the human race. the contemporary. Christian mis- When Protestantism began to see sionary movement.

its missionary task different mo- Second, nations have become so tives have been set in action to get matter-of-fact, so realistic that a clearer conception of this foreign spiritual values and movements work which at first view seemed to too, are scrutinized carefully for lie outside of the regular ecclesi- their practical results; never the astical duties. Protestants were Lord's watchword has had such remembering that "Foreign Mis- compelling truth-"by their fruits sions" were the last and great com- you shall know them."

mission of the Risen Lord for His Third, never before has our an- disciples and that faith in Him de- tagonistic world concept, which manded obedience to His command. since Jerusalem we have become The utmost haste was needed to accustomed to call secularism, be- bring this joyful news of salvation come such a dangerous and univer- to the ends of the earth. The plight sal rival of the Christian propa- of the savages of Africa and of the ganda.

Isles of the South Sea seemed so What then shall we do? It seems pitiful that unbounded sympathy evident that our orientation is was aroused in order to bring them clear in three directions. Christian help in body and soul. The incom- missions can have no more restrict- parable value of every soul in time ed field than the whole human race.

and eternity seemed to require an They must have courage to look at indefatigable endeavor to save an this task as a whole. That is one individual soul here and there even of the reasons why the Interna- at the expense of the valuable lives tional Missionary Council is of such of missionaries. The "evangeliza- necessity. Second, our missions tion of the world in this genera- need reality more than anything tion" was an urgent call to the con- else. It is not so much institutions, science of a sleepy Christendom organizations, and buildings which half a century ago. are wanted. What the human race How do we see our missionary needs and looks for in the Chris- task today? Has it the same con- tian missions is moral stamina to straining power in our generation? overcome the widespread demorali- Are we able to fit in our mission- zation of our time, a clear con- ary conception into that unchange- sciousness of a definite purpose ir able background of the eternal life which it tries to follow, and a Gospel sketched at the beginning? socially building power against the We have to keep in view those atomization of the modern life.

factors which, at present, are of The quest of reality in the Chris- decisive importance. The human tian religion comes to this-is race has come nearer to each other faith in God, the father of our Lord to such an extent that now for the Jesus Christ, supplying these ur- first time Christianity is face to gent needs?

face with the question in a prac- Third, and back of the first two tical and constraining way if it re- points, Christianity must definitely gards its religion as the universal face the task to bring out victori- way of redemption for the whole ously the Christian view of life as human race. Now or never, is the the only sound foundation.

CHRISTIAN VIEW OF

BY REV. COURTENAY H. FENN, D.D., Princeton, N. J.

Mi.si<mUh"1/ to OMna of the Presbyterian Ohumh, U. S. A.

T HE Mission Boards are the dom and blessedness of righteous- representatives of the Chris- ness and true holiness through the tian Churches, the mission- atoning sacrifice, the triumphant aries the representatives of the resurrection and the abiding in- Boards, and individual Christians dwelling of The Great Son of God?

are the component parts of The unique Mission of Christian- Churches, Boards and Missions. ity, then, cannot be other than the There should therefore be for all a accomplishment of this redemption complete oneness of "Standard and for as much of the world as pos- View of the Mission of Christian- sible through making known, by ity." Moreover, as Christ is the word and life, the Person and Head of the Church and, ex-officio, Work of Jesus Christ to every race, the President of the Mission that all men may know the only Board, as well as the wisdom, living and true God and gladly power, life of the missionary and enter into right relations with Him the individual ·Christian, there for time and for eternity. This is should be no question that the one eternal life, according to our Lord, true "standard and view" for all whose Mission in this world is that are the standard and view of our men "may have life and that they Lord Jesus Christ. may have it more abundantly."

It ought not to be a difficult mat- One often hears it affirmed that ter to ascertain the standard and the world has so· changed in' our view of the Founder of Christian- day that the Mission of Christian- ity as to its Mission. From His ity in relation to it has changed, earliest years He does not appear and that the attempt to carry out to have entertained the slightest the New Testament conception of doubt of it Himself, and at the the mission of the Church is fore- close of His earthly career there is doomed to failure and only arouses no trace of uncertainty in the man- the contempt of those to whom it is ner in which He sets it before His presented, whose native intelli- disciples as their Mission as well gence, venerable philosophies and as His, theirs because His, and be- historic cultures are little if at all cause as the Father had sent Him inferior to our own. If we attempt into the world, even so He was to take them anything, it should be sending them into the world. And with an offer of a fair exchange what is Christianity but the Person for what they are able to contrib- and Work of Jesus Christ, in their ute to our culture and civilization. revelation of the Father, of man's Such would naturally have been capacity for sonship, his rejection the argument of many in Paul's of its incomparable privileges for day with reference to the Apostle's slavery to "the lusts of the flesh, Mission to Greece and Rome. The the lusts of the eye and the pride preaching of the Cross had been to of life"; and of redemption from the Jew an almost invariable the bondage of sin into the free- "stumbling block," to Greek cul- 749

ture and Roman power it was utter monious commonwealth. What the "foolishness"; yet Paul declared it world needs is not a new earth, or to be to both Jew and Greek "the new inventions, or a new philos- power of God and the wisdom of ophy, but a new spirit, a new God," supplying to every race heart; and the world's only provisomething which all the attain- sion for that is in Christianity and ments and glories of that race did its "new birth" by faith in Jesus not supply, could not supply, yet Christ, the Son of God, who not without the supply of which all the only lived for our example but died wisdom and power possessed were for our redemption from the guilt bu.t "foolishness and weakness." and power of sin.

This is exactly as true of the These things being true, mis- world today as it was 1,900 years sions to all the world are the Mis- ago. The modern world's boasted sion of Christianity, and their one possessions are material, intellec- aim is redemptive. Whatever will tual, !'esthetic-all of which are contribute directly to the attain- temporal; while the world sets ment of that aim is a legitimate little value on the things which and desirable means to be em- are spiritual and so eternal. So ployed. That which will contribute far as it feels the need of redemp- only indirectly should first be ex- tion at all, it is an improvement of amined to see if its contribution is social conditions; if of social rela- sufficiently great to make wise the tions, then chiefly in the interest expenditure of time and energy re- of industrial peace and interna- quired, in comparison with other tional harmony for their own in- available means. This principle is trinsic values. Even in these especially important when the things, as a matter of fact, the Board, for the Church, is selecting lands to which missionaries are the human agents to be commissent have little to impart to the sioned. However high may be the lands known as Christian, for the intellectual attainments, however simple reason that the more Chris- attractive the personality, if the tianity they possess, the higher person under consideration has not have been their attainments in himself manifestly entered into these very lines. Not merely in the "the secret of His Presence" and things of eternity, but also in the known intimately Him whom he is things of time, does Christianity to present and represent as the possess an advantage over every image of the invisible God and the other philosophy, and that because World's one Redeemer, while he it is not only a human philosophy may help those of another race but the religion of right relations with a purely humanitarian spirit, between man and God and there- yet it is quite possible that he may fore between man and man, offer- more than offset this help by uning a redemption from the power consciously producing the impresof universal inborn selfishness, the sion that that uplift is all the world only solution for individual and so- needs for its redemption. The cial evil. For 1,900 years this has modern world being altogether too proved itself in the experience of ready to receive such an impresevery race which has given it a sion and to content itself with such fair trial, and is today the founda- a redemption, there never has been tion of the most stable and har- a time when it was more important

THE CHRISTIAN VIEW OF MISSIONS

than now that all "ambassadors of found science, will turn from Christ" sent forth by the Church Christianity because of its "mirshould be His unequivocally true acles" and its "revelations." Many representatives, men and women thinking people, in the Orient as whose lives are indeed "hid with well as in the Occident, are com- Christ in God." ing to see as never before that sci- ence and philosophy in themselves It is an amazing thing that it are not redemptive; that ethical should be necessary to urge upon standards will never save a people anyone who believes these things from moral corruption; that only as to the Mission of Christianity, an Almighty, holy and loving God that he ~hould "keep them before can redeem the creatures of His him and seek to make them effec- own hand, made in His own image, tive at any cost." The fact that it yet prodigal sons in their mistaken is necessary has probably been the preference for the material and occasion of more suspicion as to sensual before the spiritual and the belief than any other single eternal. Until the Church returns thing. If Christianity were to the to this First Century conception of average Christian a full knowledge the Mission of Christianity and of of God in Christ and a life in un- everyone professing allegiance to ceasing intimate relation with Christianity, and becomes over- Him, God's ever unsatisfied long- whelmingly possessed by that coning to give Himself would take ception, there is little hope of the "Great Revival" for which so much possession of the Christian. To prayer is offered. If this be the him, as to Jesus, it would be his "Evangelism" of the "Five Year very meat and drink to do the Fa- Movement" about to be launched ther's will and accomplish His in China, not only will "numbers greatest work, the redemption of be doubled," but the Church will the world. That world will never attain a vigor of life which will believe that the Church has been solve without difficulty her present sent for this purpose so long as problems. everything else takes precedence, with the majority of Christians, WITH GOD over the bearing of the redemptive message to those who have never To talk with God no breath is lost; heard it, or so long as a large pro- Talk on! portion of those who ostensibly go To walk with God no strength is lost; with the message are themselves so slightly acquainted with it, or so Walk on! dissatisfied with it, that they hide To toil with God no time is lost; it from sight under the more read- Toil on! ily acceptable secular education Little is much, if God is in it; and physical humanitarianism. Man's busiest day not worth God's There is quite as great danger minute that the non-Christian peoples, in Much is little everywhere, their discontent with their old na- If God the business does not share. tive superstitions, will reject Chris- So work with God-then nothing's tianity because its modern presentation exhibits no enthusiastic lost; conviction of the supernatural, as Who works with him does best and that they, in their devotion to new- most. -Old English Verse.

MANSUR OF

BY REV. E. E. ELDER, Cairo, Egypt Mis8ionfWY of the United Pre8b1lterian, M4'88ion I F YOU can imagine some race- sessing literary talents is distin- prejudiced Nordic being asked guished by a burning passion to to accept initiation into the win souls from Islam for Christ. tribal rites of an Australian abo- The heart rather than the head rigine as the only way of salvation predominates in his message. and you have a picture of Moslem bigotry towards other faiths. Every Monday evening, Kamil may be seen holding special meet- From this background of pride ings for Moslems at the American and prejudice came Kamil Mansur. Mission building right in the center The early influences that led him of Cairo. No matter who of the to Christ are linked up with his more than a million inhabitants of Cairo may be in his audience Ka- KAMIL EFFENDI MANSUR AND mil always chooses his theme with HIS WIFE his Moslem hearers in mind. Some- times there is dissent and disapbrother, Mikhail Mansur, who pre- proval of his conclusions, but time ceded him into membership in the and again the fearlessness and Christian Church. Mikhail, the fervor, the sympathy and tact of elder brother, who passed to his the speaker win friends for Christ. reward more than a decade ago A few months ago a sheikh from paved the way for Kamil's accept- the Azhar, the great Moslem Uniing Christ. The peace and joy versity came to criticize and stir which came into the soul of this up trouble. A fortnight later he Azhar sheikh, .when he found the testified to his faith in Christ as living Christ as his Lord and Sav- Saviour of the World. iour, eventually stirred the younger brother who had doubted and re- The Constitution of Egypt guarproached. Mikhail was a profound antees religious liberty to people scholar and an ardent champion of of every faith, yet in the eyes of Christian truth. Kamil while pos- the Moslem law as it is today the convert from Islam to Christianity has no personal status. He may be persecuted and deprived of his property, but he has no redress be- fore the courts. During the past year mature women in Egypt have been compelled to return to Islam, because the process of Islamic jurisprudence does not recognize that there can be a convert from Islam. In the midst of such in- equality and injustice Kamil Man- sur preaches a message of love and sacrifice, calling his Moslem broth- ers to follow Him who was despised and rejected of men.

752

MISSION OF THE

BY ANNA A. MILLIGAN, Philadelphia, Pa.

Secretary of the WomnnJs BonTd of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyteriwn Church "NCIENT religions and insti- resurrection. This mission has not f i tutions are changing, are even changed dUring the ages.

being dissolved, but Jesus There would be no missionary Christ is the same, yesterday and enterprise if Christians did not today and forever. Standards of have what the whole world needs moral conduct are being questioned and does not have. There would be and absolute truth is being doubt- no missionaries if those people in ed; but God's law is perfect, un- the uttermost parts had what they changing and sure. must have in order to know life Knowing the need of the world and light, peace and joy. If the -social, industrial, racial, nation- other religions of the world were al and spiritual, and knowing the adequate to meet the needs of men need of every individual heart and could satisfy the hearts of throughout all time, Christ gave men, there would have been no His message to the world. It is Great Commission. There would unique. It is universal. It is ade- . be no mission Boards. There would quate. . be no missionaries to spread the That message is ours to give to Gospel of His love.

the world. Giving it to the world The fact that there is truth constitutes the Mission of Chris- found in the other religions is not tianity. That message is the Gos- sufficient ground for leaving people pel of Jesus Christ. It is not alone; they must have Him Who merely a philosophy of life; it is is Truth. The fact that thers are not merely a theological doctrine; spiritual values in other religions it is not merely a social service is not enough; these may be good, program. It is more than all of so far as they go. They do not go these. It is the revelation of God far enough. The fact that there to men empowering them to be- are ethical elements in those reli- come sons of God. . gions is not sufficient grounds for Christ expects every individual remaining at home. The ethical Christian to carry this good news teachings of the other religions do wherever it is not known. It is not give a sense of sin, nor show dishonoring to Christ for anyone the way to pardon and cleansing to claim to love Christ and then and power.

fail to tell others of His love. "The We have taken modern educa- mission of the Church is missions" tion to the people of other reli- and the mission of every individual gions. That is good and desirable Christian is missions. The mission but education is not enough. Every of Christianity and the mission of educational institution in the mis- the individual Christian is to make sion fields today should be measured Christ known and to lead every by the evangelistic standard. If man and woman in the world into students are not born again, the saving relation to Jesus Christ, to schools in mission lands are fail- know Him and the power of His ing in their purpose.

753 2 Medical institutions can do a triumphant and radiant lives. We vast amount of humanitarian work need only to extend the conquest, in relieving suffering, staying dis- to go farther in the direction in ease and curing the ills of man- which we have started."

kind. A missionary physician will Men may not hear the Gospel we do all this; but his success is bring but we must give this mes- measured by the number who come sage whether they hear or not.

to know the Great Physician, with They may threaten life and prop- all His healing sympathy. erty. We must give it, counting Every evangelist will estimate not life dear. We must "place no his work by the number of new value upon anything we have or creatures who have been born into may possess, except in relation to the Kingdom of God, not by the the Kingdom of God." We must number of men who have become give this message of the Gospel of better neighbors or more honor- Christ in spite of scorn or ridicule, able citizens. He will measure his in spite of contempt or shame, re- success by the number of lives that membering that "the disciple is give evidence of a power to over- not above his Master." We must come sin and to live a new life. give it in humility and love. Be- The standard which we must set cause we have it and men need it, before us, as churches, mission because men cannot live without it, boards, missionaries and individual . we must share it. If we do not, it Christians is the presentation of will mean irreparable loss to us Jesus Christ as the only way of and loss to those who sit in dark.

salvation, of the atonement and the ness-terrible loss, and it will resurrection as the great doctrines mean loss to Christ, who died that of our faith, and the abundant life all might come to know Him. We that is in Christ Jesus. can give the world nothing more.

Some claim that the ultimate aim We dare not give less.

of missions is to establish a world Not only must we give the Gos- brotherhood. This is a noble pur- pel, but we must live it. There pose, but it falls far short of the must be evidence in our lives that standard which Christ has set for what we proclaim is a reality. We His Church. There are those who must show such love in all we do make the ultimate goal the estab- and say that men will be conv~nced lishment of friendship and good- that there is a God of love. Men will. These good results will sure- everywhere admit the beauty and ly come when once the earth the glory of the life of Christ; but becomes filled with the knowledge unless they see in us the evidences of the Lord and when once the peo- of a Christ-like character they will pIe of the earth take the Lord Jesus not believe that He can transform Christ as Saviour and King. A men into His image by faith in new world order is our goal, where Himself. "It is the present miracle Christ will have His way. of spiritual grace and power tri- The kingdoms of this world are umphant in a human life," that to become the Kingdom of our will be the argument unanswer- Lord Jesus Christ. "If there is able, the proof irrefutable. It is anything certain in this world it is our glorious privilege to live this that Christ is raised from the dead life and to make Christ's message and is living now in myriads of effective at any cost.

TRUE AND ABIDING BASIS

FOREIGN MISSIONS BY ROBERT E. SPEER, D.D., New York Author of ((The Unfln,4shed TaBk oj Foreif)n Mis8ion8/J Etc".

W HEN we are told today, as its almost unbegun, task in Judea we so often are told, that and Samaria and Galilee. Was Christianity has no right to there no work for the Apostle Paul interfere with other peoples' reli- to do in Jerusalem and Damascus gions or to invade their culture and that he must needs go off to Europe are asked why we go abroad when or even to Asia Minor seeking a we have not done our work at home field for work? If religion may not or why we intrude where we are be exported until it is nationally not wanted, we cannot refrain from accepted and fully exemplified at wondering how the early Christian home, the early Church certainly Church ever justified itself in pro- had no business to set out on its pagating the new religion. For the world propaganda. Was the world first Christians were confronted calling for such an enterprise? Not with all these objections in a far a bit of it. Paul tells of an appeal more emphatic and valid form than for help from a man of Macedonia they can be urged today. What but he says frankly that it was in right had they to seek to supplant a dream, and the story of his ac- with their upstart faith the old re- tivity is not an account of eager ligions of Judaism and of Greece invitations and happy welcomes but and Rome? Those religions ante- of hardship and hostility and op- dated theirs. The people to whom position. The only freedom of cities they preached Christ had their own which he received was the freedom faiths and their own gods and in of a forcible exit! He lists his ex- the case of Judaism it was the same periences in his second Epistle to God as the God of the Christians. the Corinthians and he adds' that If it is wrong to offer one religion his pleasures are not reception com- to a people who already have an- mittees, welcoming banners, official other then the early Church acted invitations from civic councils, banunwarrantedly. And what right, quets and festivals but reproaches, further, had these unlettered fish- persecutions, derisions. What ermen, followers of One who had right, again it may be asked, if we attended no school, these simple are not to go where some people men, most of them, who knew noth- do not want us, had Paul to inflict ing of the rich inheritance of the himself and his mission upon peoancient world, to thrust their mes- ple who had no desire for him? sage before the most finished cul- All the contemporary objections ture in the world? . with which we are familiar were With what power and validity applicable to the missionary zeal of might it have been argued against the first Christians. What would the missionary enterprise of the have been the result if they had early Church that it had better stay yielded to them? Well, it would at home until it had done its work have been the end of Christianity.

there? Let it look to its unfinished, The new religion would have died 755

at its beginning. If it is wrong to elusive it would have been to appeal propagate Christianity now it was to the last authoritative word of so at the outset and as that would the risen Lord! Surely that would have ended Christianity it would have settled the issues of the Jerufollow that it has no right to exist salem Council and fired the Church at all. But if so what right have with missionary zeal. But not a the other religions to exist which word of it. The last command of it is claimed Christianity has no Christ is nowhere quoted in the acright to displace? Each of them count of the work of the early had a beginning. Each of them dis- Church. That command, apparentplaced what had gone before it. If ly, was not the basis of foreign they had a right to supersede or to missions. absorb what they found, so had Christianity at the outset, and so And it is clear that the motive it has today. was not international goodwill. All That was the conviction of the the world which the early Christirst Christians. Instead of listen- tians knew was one nation. Nor ing to our modern anti-missionary arguments they went out to spread did they seek to spread a culture or Christianity over the world, to destroy all that in the light of Chris- a civilization or even an ethic, tianity was false and to salvage and though moral purity and moral redeem and enrich whatever truth passion were a part of their power. men had already found. Why did Their one motive and purpose and they do this? What were the con- aim was to proclaim a message, to siderations and motives which tell news, to deliver their witness, launched the Christian Church and to make Christ known, hoping and its missionary enterprise across the striving to persuade men, but bearworld? ing their witness and telling their story whether or no. The Motives that Moved This is the fundamental basis of It is interesting to note that it missions-namely_ the essential nadoes not appear to have been the ture of Christianity as a message last command of Christ or what we of salvation, of the grace and love call "the great commission." Al- of God in Christ, the story of His though fresh from the final inter- life and death and resurrection, the view with Jesus in which that significance of His work and His command was given, no heed seems person to individual men and to soto have been given to it. The early ciety and to the world. There is Church stayed in Jerusalem. It given in Christ that which is was only when persecution arose unique, indispensable, sufficient, that it spread out and its world complete and final. If we believe mission came into full view only this, missions inevitably follow. If with Paul. Nobody spoke of "the not, missions will fade out. We do great commission." And later not say that we know it all, we say when questions arose as to the le- just the opposite, that we do not gitimacy of the mission to the Gen- know it all. Saint Paul said: "We tiles or when Paul met luke-warm- know in part." But it is all there ness and indifference among the in Christ. We do not need and we Christians, how natural and con- do not seek anything that is not in Him. In Him dwelleth all the full- ness of the Godhead bodily. Chris- tianity is this faith. It is the

TRUE AND ABIDING BASIS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS

declaration of this faith to the ble and honest men are rising out whole world. It is the effort to real- of this self-delusion and are facing ize this faith ever more and more facts. A good illustration of this in human expe~ience. Here is new mind is found in Hu Shih's in- where the early Church stood. troduction to Julian Arnold's Here the foreign mission enterprise "Some Bigger Issues in China's stands today. Its basis. is in the Problems" : very character of the Christian What is needed today, it seems to me, Gospel as the good tidings of the only Lord and Saviour of mankind. is that conviction which should amount almost to a religious repentance that we The Result Chinese are backwa-rd in everything and that eve1·y other modern nation in the world is much better off than we are.

Because of what Christianity is We must know ourselves. We must con- fess that we are terribly poor and that it must be spread over the whole our people are suffering miseries which world and offered to every man. justly horrify the civilized world. We must confess that our political life is Every man and the whole world corrupt to the core and that most of our needs it. The early Church believed homes are nests of crime, of injustice, of that every man and the whole oppression, lynching and suicide. We world were in desperate need of the must see with open eyes that we are Gospel. And this is what the for- ruled by militarists who arose from bandeign missions enterprise believes. itry and from the scum of society and Just as the unique and uniquely whose education and training never qualsupernatural character of Chris- ified them to rule, and by politicians who tianity has been glossed over partly have no livelihood other than politics and as a result of the misinterpreted who are never regulated by any system study of comparative religions, so of civil service. have we glossed over the depth and reality of the world's need. One And for all this we must have our- selves to blame. 'We have bound the feet of our women for a thousand years and smoked opium for centuries, thereby greatly weakening the race and polluting its moral fibre. And we have wasted the reason for this has been the decent brains of our scholars by making them sense of our own need. But that is only a confirmation, not a qualifica- spend six long centuries mastering abtion, of the fact of the need of hu- solutely useless gymnastics for competimanity as one of the bases of foreign missions. All men need tion in the examinations. And we have resisted all pressure for reform and mod- ernization, even in the face of the grave danger of the country being partitioned among the powers. We are only reaping Christ, not Hindus and Moslems the fruit of the sins of our fathers and only but Christians too, and all ourselves. equally. When we say that men are Let us no longer deceive ourselves with self-complacent talks about imperialistic in dire need of Christ's salvation powers hampering our national progress we are not excepting or exalting and prosperity! Let us read the recent ourselves. Weare in the same need history of Japan and bury our conceit as all men and all men in the same and self-deception once and for all in need as we. shame and repentance.

Another reason for glossing over And then when we have fully and the reality of human need has been whole-heartedly repented, let us resolve, solemnly and religiously resolve, that we must learn.

supplied by the tide of nationalistic China's plight and need are piti- spirit seeking self-glorification. able. But after all it is a matter National and racial pride have set only of degree. All other nations up a defense reaction with false are in need too. "The whole idealization of the past. It begins world," said Saint John, with out- to seem now, however, that sensi- spoken boldness, "lieth in wicked-

ness." Smooth it and cloak it as we which was given to them is the may, the fact remains. The world only hope of men. It is the only is wrong and only Christ can right truth of God and of God's grace it. and love in Christ. It belongs to all men. It must be shared with all Therefore Christians must be a men. Any other course is a bemissionary people. They know of trayal of the Gospel and a breach the only Saviour. The Gospel of Christ's trust. which they did not produce but ARE MISSIONS· TOO PERMANENT?

"BUT BY JOHN R. SCOTFORD, Cleveland, Ohio Lord thy church is pray- would be willing to accept the same ing yet-a thousand years leadership "until death do us the same!" In this spirit part." Oftentimes the missionary were foreign missions conceived. would be more welcome if he did The missionary was appointed for not come as a permanent settler.

life, with the hope that his children A life-time appointment exposes might follow in his footsteps. Edu- the missionary to a serious tempta- cational institutions were planned tion. In the rooms of a certain to endure for centuries. When in- foreign board in New York the evitable adjustments were made writer was told that the greatest and some types of work abandoned problem of missions is "to keep the it was always with' a sense of de- missionary educated." In South feat.· After a century of mission- America the same difficulty was ary effort only one field has been stated differently in the remark, regarded as successfully evangel- "The trouble with some mission- ized-Hawaii. aries is that they fail to arrive in This emphasis upon permanence the country to which they are fostered the habit of viewing na- sent." That is, many missionaries tions in a large perspective. It en- fail to make and maintain a cOn- couraged careful preparation and temporaneous adjustment to their statesmanlike planning. But as one constituency. Some think that they travels about a missionary field know everything when they arrive such ~s South America one dis- -which is fatal. Others are too covers that most of the problems anxious "to do something" to springs from this very assumption thoroughly master the language of permanence. and absorb the culture of those to The new missionary is often re- whom they minister. Others make ceived rather reluctantly by the a pretty good initial adjustment, people to whom he is sent. If the but afterwards "the concrete sets"

money which goes into his salary to the detriment of their useful- could be had for other work he ness. Furloughs are too often spent would probably be sent home at in travel and speaking rather than the first convenient opportunity. in intellectual refreshment. Much Part of this situation is due to the of this difficulty is due to the in- assumption on the part of the mis- sidious suggestion of a life appoint- sionary that he is settling down ment. Only the truly vigorous for life. Few institutions at home mind will discipline itself without

ARE MISSIONS TOO PERMANENT?

external stimulus. Our schools specializing in the English lanfind it wise to make salary in- guage and training excellent clerks creases dependent upon further for the British business houses. study. The minister knows that if On the one hand there is the inhe gets rusty something else will evitable persistence of the estabhappen to him. If the missionary lished institution with a tradition were not so certain of his employ- of success behind it; on the other ment, it might help to overcome hand there is the baffling problem some of the intellectual inertia to of redefining one's aim. Such is which we are all heirs. the situation in Uruguay, Argen- tina, and Chile. The policy of permanence creates problems for the older educational In the maintenance of churches institutions. this policy of permanence also creates problems. In one of the In countries where the national provincial capitals of Argentina system of education has not yet d~­ the writer stumbled upon an evanveloped the missionary schools have gelical church of fifty-five members a simple and an inspiring task. The meeting in a miserable hall that pioneer problem attracts brave had been supported from mission spirits, and it is an easy matter to funds for thirty years, and that supply a better grade of teaching did not have in its membership a than the country has previously single person of standing in the known. If carried on in the right community. A fairly competent spirit, such schools deeply influence pastor had been sent with instructhe development of the public tions to either "kill or cure," but schools. This is particularly true with a suspicion that the former in Brazil and Paraguay today. alternative would not tend to pros- per his professional career. Mean- But when a country has de- while he was eating his heart out veloped a reasonably adequate ed- at an impossible task. One susucational system of its own, then pects that there are many more does the missionary school find it- churches and men in the same fix. self facing baffling problems. By that time its buildings are old, On the other hand, one finds in traditions have grown up, and the South America several successful institution has become set in certain ways. The necessity for se- ventures which have gotten on curing good teachers is more without the assumptions of perpressing, but the difficulties in the way of getting them are also manence which have characterized larger. The situation is quite missions. similar to the competition between the denominational college and the The work of the Rockefeller state university. The missionary Foundation is universally apprecischool professes to exert a finer ated in South America. As one "moral influence," but that is a dif- American ambassador put it, "If ficult claim to demonstrate. The the Rockefeller Foundation ever girls' schools tend to take refuge sent a man down here who did not behind their social prestige and be- fit, they got him home again become stylish finishing schools. The fore anybody else found it out." boys' schools grope around for a From the point of view of missionreason for existence, meanwhile ary administration their policy is thought provoking. The Founda- tion undertakes certain definite

pieces of health work upon the in- to the poorer classes of the people vitation and with the cooperation -and it pays its own bills.

of the local authorities. But no one Because of the tendency of its phase of work is continued for secretaries to either marry or else more than five years, and the ap- to return to the states to take care pointments of personnel are on an of their parents, the Y. W. C. A.

annual basis. The Foundation may in South America has had a con- continue in a country for more stantly shifting staff. Yet its than five years, but if it does so it work compares favorably with the will be following different types of Y. M. C. A. which has followed the work. Even on this itinerant basis policy of long periods of service.

the workers seem to have as good The ultimate question of mission a knowledge of the language and policy was stated by a Y. M. C. A.

the people as the missionaries. The secretary who was struggling be- philosophy behind this policy i~ neath a heavy financial deficit be- that the Foundation undertakes to queathed him by the ambitious en- demonstrate the value of certain deavors of his predecessors. "Are forms of health work, and then we here to create institutions sim- leave the sequel to the nationals. ilar to those which we have at In consequence both its funds and home, or are we here to give these its workers are kept in a fluid state, people an idea and then let them and the evils of institutionalism work it out for themselves?" When avoided. the first is attempted, the result is The three national churches to the importation of many workers be found in South America show from abroad and the creation of a that sometimes a chance spark of heavy financial burden which the inspiration is worth more than nationals are loathe to assume.

much laborious institutionalism. The second policy requires less The Congregational Church of personnel and a smaller expendi- Brazil is due to the labors of one ture of money, but demands more Scotchman some fifty years ago. ability and greater patience, and But the church has gone on and in the end gives the more satisfac- prospered, with no funds from tory result.

Boston and no missionaries from When a doctor applies vaccine anywhere. The Independent Pres- without producing results he con- byterian Church is an off-shoot of cludes that either the vaccine is no the mission-aided church. Since good, or else the patient is im- its secession it has made some mis- mune to smallpox. Might not the takes, but it is unmistakably alive same assumptions be made in re- and functioning without any mis- gard to mission work which does sionaries either in the foreground not show reasonable results after or the background. The one vig- a period of years?

orous Protestant institution in Two questions of mission policy Chile is the Pentecostal Church, might well be faced.

which came into being when one Would not term appointments missionary left his mission. While be more satisfactory to all con- the mission-guided churches have cerned than the old system of life struggled along, this independent enlistment? As a matter of fact, and thoroughly Chilean movement most missions pass upon the fit- bas ,made a large popular appeal ness of a person to return while

1929J ARE MISSIONS TOO PERMANENT?

they are on their first furlough, or asked not to maintain American even a later one. Yet under the institutions, but to enter into the present system such a manner of groping life of new nations symgetting rid of a missionary implies pathetically and helpfully. The a certain disgrace. Might it not missionary of the future should be be well to use term appointments, less a man of affairs than in the allowing either the mission or the past, and more a man of the spirit. missionary to sever the relation- The missionary should be freed as ship if they so cared, but making far as possible from administrareappointment a definite honor tive details that he may study and rather than the expected thing? interpret, counsel and guide the Would not such an arrangement people among whom he has cast tend to stimulate the missionary his lot. to make the most of himself? Such alterations in missionary A second alteration of policy policy would make the real pur- pose of evangelical missions more would be to in some measure les- apparent. We cannot hope to son the emphasis upon the mainte- mould the life of nations in accord- ance with the American model of nance of institutions. If a school 1929. Such an attempt courts dishas served its purpose and sees no aster. Rather should we go to clear field of usefulness before it, other nations as seed sowers, sharthe doxology shoul!i be sung and ing with them those phases of the pupils dismissed. The burden Christian truth which we have of institutionalism often stands found helpful, but permitting them between the missionary and his to apply those truths in their own greatest usefulness. Like Martha, way. The real function of mishe is so cumbered about much serv- sions is not to supervise, but to ining that he. cannot choose the spire. That inspiration would better part. Many a missionary often be more effective if our is so preoccupied with definite methods were more flexible and tasks which seem necessary that our apparent occupation of the he fails to understand or to touch the life of the nation about him. field less permanent. Yet increasingly the missionary is SEVEN LESSONS ON CHRISTIAN SERVICE 1. The work is manifold in order that every believer may find a task adapted to his talents.

2. The work is committed to all in order that no one may feel left out.

3. The work is one in order that all may be united in cooperation.

4. The work is so important that no one is justified in shirking duty.

5. The work of each is necessary so that no one can -with impunity neglect it.

6. The work is distributed by the Spirit of God, so that there is no room for envy or discontent.

7. The work is God's work through. us, so that there is no ground for pride or despair.-Arthur T. Pierson.

JERUSALEM, WHAT?

BY REV. WILLIAM PATON, London, England Seoretary ()f the lntcrnatirm.al llfissiunary Gouncil M ANY Christians are· asking God") and the eight-volume re- what is to be expected as port. the practical result of the Jerusalem meeting of the Interna- There are two lines of advance tional Missionary Council. This which present themselves. In the was the chief question which many first place there is the realm of of the delegates asked themselves missionary policy, affected by all as they came down from the Mount the Jerusalem findings, and deof Olives, and it is the question pendent on the judgment and which calls for the best thought action of boards and committees that all of UB can give. both at the "home base" and in the countries of Asia, Africa, and The first answer I give may Latin America. Second, there is seem to be very prosaic, but it is the subtler but more fundamental attitude toward missionary work fundamental to further success. which is held by individual believ- It is that all who regard the state- ers whether at home or abroad. On ments of policy and outlook adopt- both these realms the Jerusalem ed at Jerusalem as of real impor- findings bear in the sharpest postance, should spare no effort to sible way, and I would suggest secure the maximum publicity for some lines along which advance them. The reading of books or may be contemplated. pamphlets will not in itself alter men's minds as fully as may be de- Religious Education sired, but it is quite certain that the carrying out of the Jerusalem Let us take first the missionary resolutions in the fullest way de- policy of our different churches, pends largely upon the number to denominations and boards who whom the outlook and spirit of the read the section of the Jerusalem Jerusalem meeting has been com- findings which deals with religious 'municated. The people who ask education. In that section which, me what is to happen now that as is well known, owed much to the the Jerusalem meeting is over are labors of some of the greatest remostly those who have read about ligious educators of North Amerit. Those who have given their ica, there is found a conception of minds to the study of the findings religious education which, not to have usually been supplied with labor the point, is markedly differenough material for meditation to ent from what is actually carried keep them busy for a bit! First, on in very many of our churches therefore, we should strain every and schools all over the world as effort to bring widely to the knowl- religious education. The findings edge of Christian people every- on this subject sketch the princiwhere the book of findings ("The ples which should govern the edu- World Mission of Christianity"), cation given in mission schools and Mr. Basil Mathews' sketch of the colleges and through the whole meeting ("Roads to the City of teaching work of the church, and 762 they not only sketch an ideal but support of the indigenous church.

they indicate in considerable de- Let me take one particular issue.

tail the different ways in which, in It is common ground that the relation to the several departments younger churches desire help from of missionary work, advance and the older, both in personnel and in reform may be achieved. The financial resources. It is, further, International Missionary Council common ground that such help must of course be the clearing should be given in ways which will, house through which information so far from pauperizing the young- is exchanged regarding experience er church or endangering its spir- in one part of the world or itual vitality, rather tend to the another, and the Council hopes to strengthening of its life and to the fulfil its own part in this work of encouragement of its autonomy.

mutual education. The'first thing But these are merely general prin- needed, however, seems to me to be ciples. What is needed now is the that every mission board should most careful examination, which address itself to the question, how cannot of course be done only by do these findings on religious edu- the boards in the West, but de- cation bear upon the work in dif- mands the collaboration of the ferent parts 'of the world commit- Christian councils and church or- ted to our charge? ganizations in the East, as to what As to the immediate responsi- modes of missionary service and bility of the International Mission- what modes of financial subsidy ary Council in this connection, two are helpful and what modes are things have already been begun. hurtful. I do not of course pre- The first is the provision of a tend that nothing has been done simple manual on religious educa- on this subject. Obviously that tion expressing broadly the views would be untrue. In a subject on the subject which are contained where there is now a very large in the Jerusalem findings divested area of common ground in princiof any professional or technical ple, we need a most rigorous exlanguage; the second, the under- amination of our own practice in taking of an inquiry into govern- the light of those principles which ment restrictions on religious edu- are commonly accepted, and the translation of them into detail in cation. respect of our own practices. Younger and Older Churches Similarly (and it is simply the A second great area on which other side of the same question), I thought and action by the boards look forward to the missionary are demanded is that of the rela- constituency and the boards in the tion between the younger and older West receiving clear and detailed churches. One of the most impor- views from the Christian councils tant lines of action was suggested and other bodies representing the to the Jerusalem meeting by the younger churches as to the nature resolution brought forward by the of the help which they desire.

Committee of Reference and Coun- Take again that section of the sel of North America and spon- Jerusalem findings which deals sored by Dr. R. E. Diffendorfer- with the relation of Christian mis- the resolution demanding a thor- sions to the growing industrialism ough study of the whole basis of of the East and Africa. My im-

pression is that the mere formula- tries and in some dmroarweitnhgantoogtehtehres~ tion of clear principles on this is for the closer issue as was done at Jerusalem has of the missionary forces with those already been of high service to the who in a Christian spirit are admissionary cause. It has come as dressing themselves to the tasks of a pleasant surprise to bodies of social reform. Both movements people who have long worked at have much to learn from one these questions and who never another. Already the action taken thought that the missionary move- at Jerusalem has brought the ment was interested in them. It International Missionary Council has strengthened the hands of peo- closer to the other great internaple all over the world who are tional Christian movement which standing for human justice and centered in Stockholm (the Unithe removal of oppression. The versal Conference on Christian most immediately practical issue, Life and Work) than anything else which arises out of the Jerusalem could have done.

findings on this subject, relates to Rural Work the proposed establishment of a bureau in connection with the In- Very similar are the tasks which ternation'aJ Missionary Council for await the boards in the develop- the study of economic and social ment of rural work. I confess that problems in the mission field. Plans I envy the possibility which lies are now being worked out for the especially before the American establishment of this bureau and missionary boards here, for the will in due course be submitted to reason that the conditions of the national bodies which consti- American life have created a mass tute the International Missionary of experience in this field which is Council for their approval. The not so accessible to those who live, case for this bureau is simply that as in Britain, in much more highly on some such action depends the urbanized and less rural societies.

ability of the missionary movement As I understand the message given to pass from the stage at which it by the spokesmen for the rural enunciates general principles to the areas at Jerusalem, they are ask- stage at which it is able to trans- ing for something much more than late principles into detailed action. technical agriculturalists; they are There is an immense amount of asking for profound thought on knowledge of these subjects avail- what is involved in the building up able within the ranks of mission- of a Christian rural community.

aries all over the world, but there All experience goes to show that is an almost complete lack of experiments carried out in this means for focussing this knowl- realm of life in one country are edge. We need the bureau and we valuable in another, not necessari- need also a clear policy as to the ly for the purpose of direct imita- nature of the tasks which call in tion but as stimulus and sugges- the mission field for specially tion.

trained workers, as to the nature Another line of work which of the training they should receive faces the boards is that connected and the auspices under which they with the organization of mission- should be sent. ary cooperation. One can well ap- A very great need in all coun- preciate the disquiet caused in

AFTER JERUSALEM, WHAT?

some quarters by the amount of ting far beyond the ken of the rank demand made on missionary bud- and file of the supporters of misgets for international and national sions. I believe the ordinary edumissionary cooperation. "T 0 0 much 'overhead' " is the challenge cated layman regards the work of missionary cooperation as a remade, and it is difficult not to sym- markable proof of the good sense pathize with it. Nevertheless we of missionaries, of which he was are faced with a perfectly clear not in all cases previously aware. issue. Our Christianity is divided. We deplor!,! it, and we are working The central work of Jerusalem always toward the unity of Chris- lay in issues that lie deeper, in the tendom, but as practical men and realm of the Christian message. women we know that the long established disunion of the Church Let us recognize that in the unanicannot be healed in a day. Either mous acceptance of this statement we must consent to the baleful the Christian forces have very defieffect of this division being felt in nitely thrown down the gauntlet every department of our work, and to the champions of some of the consent to an almost complete loss most influential modes of thought of ,the efficiency and concentration in our modern world. A man must which ought to wait on our efforts, be both blind and deaf who does or we must take the best means not realize that there is much in available to prevent the worst con- our modern world which goes dead sequences of this disunion by against the whole idea of a unique achieving such a degree of common and universal faith. To many sinthought and prayer and action as cere minds such an idea seems alis possible to us. There can surely most grotesque. I do not refer be no doubt that that is the motive here to those who have succumbed out of which the Foreign Missions to the baser forms of secularism, Conferences in the different coun- and who do not think about relitries, the National Christian Coun- gion at all, but to those to whom cils, and the International Mis- relativism in one form or another sionary Council itself, have arisen. has become a rule of thought and The determination of Christians who have little use for anything to be about their common task to- ultimate or finally normative. I gether is finding this mode of ex- think also of those who through pression in the missionary enter- the study of anthropology, or else prise. It is, however, obviously through popular books, have be, necessary that if there is to be co- come convinced that religion is a operation, it shall be efficient, and part of culture, and is local as culthat the mission boards, and I tures are. Looked at straightly would add churches in the field, and without any self-deception, shall see to it that the instruments this task of commending to the of their cooperative activities are serious mind of our generation the adequately staffed and adequately uniqueness and universality of the financed. Christian faith is one of the most difficult in the world. Some of us One of the British missionary think that the work done at Je- rusalem gives us a fresh start, and secretaries has called attention to we should like to see the ablest the danger of plans for missionary minds in Christendom enlisted in work, including cooperation, get- this work, including many who

have given little thought to the and tradition an enrichment of great underlying ideas of the mis- life rather than a cause for derisionary movement. We need this sion. Nothing is sadder than a work to be done if the Church in child who has learned the language the West is to be held for the mis- of racial superiority. sionaryenterprise. We need it no less if the younger churches of the Last of all I am inclined some- East are to be enabled to under- times to wonder whether people take their task of evangelism and who sit and listen to missionary apologetic in the face of religious addresses, give money to missions philosophies which have the sup- and pray for the coming of the port of immemorial use and sanc- Kingdom of God, realize, as they tity, or in the face of the intoxicat- must in these modern days, all that ing doctrines of modern secular is involved in the emergence, as a thought. To us in the West per- major factor in missionary policy, haps the greatest immediate call is of the Church in Asia and Africa. to take seriously the apologetic Bitter and disillusioned men are task in the face of secularism. It saying in India or China that the is not enough to deplore the secu- Christians of America and Britain lar temper of much of modern life. will only give to missionary work We must meet it in its noblest rep- if they can control it. Some of us resentatives, and labor without have replied that people who have resting until we have convinced given their money and their sons these men that in Christ, as in and daughters to missionary work, none other, is the Way, the Truth desire only that these services and and the Life. these resources should be used for the work of the Kingdom of God, I am not sure that along all the and that they desire only to be other lines of thought of the J e- sure that a right use is being made rusalem meeting, the major task of them. Are we right in saying does not lie with the individual this? Is there the humility and Christian rather than with the spiritual passion in our churches mission board or church council in which will enable Western Chrisso far as missionary work is in- tendom to make in this new day fluenced by Christian life in the an even greater and better thing West. We shall make little of re- out of the international partnerligious education in the mission ship in Christian work which is the modern missionary movement, field if we are silently surrender- than their fathers made of the mising the reality of religious educa- sionary work of an older generation in our own homes and schools. tion under perhaps simpler condi- No amount of research into the tions. We face here something etiology of the race problem will much more fundamental than the take us very far if we do not ad- devising of policies for the devoludress ourselves to the more elemen- tion of authority from mission to tary task of ridding our own minds church. Weare called as never of race prejudice, of opening to before to accept with all our hearts foreigners within our gates the the words of St. Paul-"We preach fountains of Christian hospitality, not ourselves but Christ Jesus our and of bringing up our children so Lord, and ourselves your servants that they find in the variety of the nations, in color, language, custom for Jesus' sake."

GOSPEL FOR A CHANGING

BY REV. ROBERT H. GLOVER, M.D., F.R.G.S., Philadelphia, Pa.

.ti88i8tant Home Director oj the Ohina Inland Mission O N A recent revisitation of the binding condemned, torture of Orient, after an absence of prisoners on trial forbidden, even some years, we were pro- idols are thrown aside and temples foundly impressed by the changes are being renovated and converted that are sweeping over its lands into schools or lecture halls, and and peoples. We found the China their grounds into public recreaof twenty or even ten years ago no tion parks. longer existing. The whole coun- The glimpses we got of the other try and its people-the field known Oriental countries showed changes best to us by reason of years of of the same drastic nature taking labor there-are taking on a strik- place-in Japan, in Korea, in the ingly new aspect with an increas- Philippines, in India, in Egypt and ing adoption of Western ideas and the Levant–as in China. The modes of living. whole missionary world is in the ferment of a complete material In city after city the old narrow and social reconstruction. streets have been converted into broad, well paved thoroughfares, Loss or Gain-Which 1 lined with modern stores displaying all kinds of Western goods. Is not all this very encouraging? From certain points of view, yes. Many a venerable city wall, which But from the missionary viewhad stood unchanged for a thou- point, not unconditionally so. The sand years or more, has been lev- elled and made into a boulevard devil has not decamped along with for motor vehicles. 'several of the the old evil practices. He has hitherto most backward provinces simply adapted himself cleverly to of the far interior now boast hun- the changed conditions by introdreds of miles of excellent motor ducing, in place of the old, a whole roads connecting their principal series of new vices and tempta- cities. It can be only a short time tions in the shape of foreign rum, until overland travel throughout narcotics and cigarettes, harlotry that vast country will be com- and lewd picture shows, immoral pletely revolutionized-a prospect and atheistic books, and a host of which has its obvious bearing upon other importations of a like damnmissionary work. ing nature. If the emissaries of these things are allowed to outdo We witnessed not only new the messengers of the Cross in taktransportation, but new dress, new ing advantage of today's new faetiquette, new social and moral cilities and means of access, then ideas, new commerce, new indus- try, and new education were every- had it been better far for those where in evidence. A drastically unhappy lands if the old conditions new political system is also in had never given place to the new.

process of being put to trial-with Let us not be deceived into imwhat success time will reveal. The agining that even the commendable queue has been discarded, foot- material changes are in themselves 767

capable of bringing to the people during this visit to a changed and of the Orient that spiritual renew- changing Eastern world was that al which is their crying need. of the imperative need of restoring Motor cars, electric lights, aero- evangelism to its rightful place at planes, fountain pens, thermos the center of all missionary effort.

bottles and a thousand other such It is common knowledge that things, whether singly or in com- during recent years direct evanbination, will not lead one Chinese gelism has by many mission_ary or Indian or Arab a step nearer 'to agencies been pushed more and the Saviour. On the contrary, more into the background in favor these innovations have sometimes of a more popular program of higher education, social service helped to make them less suscept- and industrialism, until these latible to the Gospel than before.

Civilized Heathenism ter have come to absorb very large- In a large and most imposing ly the time and strength of the Buddhist temple built partly with missionary body. There has been, American materials, richly deco- in some quarters, a disposition. to rated and lighted by electricity, regard missionaries who have we watched a Chinese family of continued to make evangelism up-to-date Western dress and edu- their chief concern as painfully cation alight from their handsome old-fashioned, and their work- well, of rather negligible value, to motor car and prostrate them- say the least. But the spiritually selves before the idol shrines, along discerning eye can hardly fail to with ignorant peasant folk in see in what has lately transpired home-spun garments and bare in China a clear vindication of the feet. Here was advanced civiliza- evangelistic policy and method. tion stalking hand-in-hand with Suddenly, under the stress of the degrading idolatry. anti-foreign agitation, the mis- sionaries were compelled to evacu- It was another reminder that ate and their personal activities in civilization with all its concomi- the field came to a standstill. tants is no solution to the needs Many huge mission plants, with of the Far East. We found at the highly equipped and costly instituheart of the new Orient the same tions of learning, were either deignorance, superstition and idol- stroyed or badly damaged. A numatry, the same corruption, cruelty ber of the surviving schools and and inhumanity, the same selfish- colleges remain closed to this day, ness, suffering and despair as we while others have passed into the had met with in the old Orient of hands of Chinese who are neither years ago. With all the changes able nor disposed to carry them on that have come, human nature has along the line of their original remained the same. The root dif- Christian purpose. All this repreficulty with every individual and sents an enormous waste of misevery nation is sin, and the only sionary money and energy. cure for sin is a new creation through faith in Christ, the living Saviour. The CriteriQn of Missionary Success The Place of Evangelism In our recent extended tour we The conviction that burned it- were strongly convinced that the self deeper than ever into our soul truest criterion of a missionary's

THE GOSPEL FOR A CHANGING WORLD

success is measured by the degree would have us shift the emphasis in which his efforts have been the from the individual to the commeans of planting the seed of liv- munity, and tell us that social ing truth of Christ in human service and the diffusion of a broad hearts, with the result that indi- Christian spirit are more imporviduals have been truly regener- tant than the preaching of some ated, and have united in indige- particular dogma, however good nous churches that will propagate that may be. And so the term "sotheir faith, win others to Christ, cial gospel" is much in vogue as a and exert a vital and growing spir- fancied improvement upon the itual and moral influence in the Gospel in its older conception. We community and nation. Such re- protest against the presumption of sults abide and will increase long prefixing any delimiting adjective after the missionary has passed off to the "Gospel." There is only one the scene. Gospel, and that is the Gospel of the saving grace and power of We do not disparage educational Jesus Christ. work. We value it highly in its true place and proportion. But we We recognize the social, indusare convinced that in the mission- trial, political and other implicaary program of late years it has tions of the Gospel, but as for the been greatly overstressed, and de- term "applied Christianity," used veloped so disproportionately to in certain quarters, as if it denoted the work of evangelism and the some special brand of Christianity, building up of an indigenous we do not know what Christianity church that it has become a pon- is at all if it is not ap'plied. Chrisderous superstructure resting upon tianity must make itself vitally felt an inadequate foundation. When in all the relationships of daily life forced to these abnormal propor- or it is not the real article. The tions, education ceases to fulfil its most potent means, indeed the only proper function of aiding evangel- means we know of any permanent ism and strengthening the life of value, of fertilizing these various the Church, and is in danger of areas of our corporate life-the becoming a liability rather than social, industrial, political and all an asset. If materialistic and ra- the rest-of lifting them to a hightionalistic tendencies are allowed er and purer level, and of making to creep into education, as has un- human relationships what they fortunately been the case in some ought to be, whether in the home, fields, then the results are posi- the factory, the neighborhood or tively disastrous by exposing youth the nation, is the winning of into the snare of agnosticism, or dividuals to a new life in Christ of atheistic radicalism. the Saviour.

The Clamor for a Broad Program Have Missions an Inspired Mode11 'There are some who insist that In these days of "advanced" but the great need today is for a mes- often shallow thinking, men need sage of greater breadth than that to be reminded that God, who of simple evangelism, something originated the missionary enterthat will indude in its scope the prise, did not leave us to our own political, civic, industrial and eco- devices in carrying it forward, but nomic life of the people. They has given us in the New Testament record of apostolic missions an in- 3

spired model for our guidance, which has filled the air about the which constitutes a permanent and relation of missionary work to so- authoritative handbook of mission- cial, industrial and political recon- ary principles and practice. Have struction has tended to breed mis- we any reason to believe, for ex- understanding and suspicion in the ample, that the sOCial and political minds of the devotees of national- conditions and problems of the ism in China and other Oriental first century were at root different lands. Such talk has given color from those of the twentieth cen- to the charge, so false and yet so tury? We think not. Then how plausible, that the missionary is in did those first century missionaries reality the agent of Western im- proceed to deal with them? It is perialism and capitalism, and is impressive to observe the high bent on meddling in the affairs of compliment which their enemies these countries, which are none of unwittingly paid by referring to his business. It is important to them as "these men who have remember that there are many turned the world upside down." things to be done in the Orient How did they do it? Not by any which do not fall properly to the process ot elaborately educating foreign missionary to do. Our con- the heathen; not by sharing with firmed opinion is that for mission- them a higher culture, or stressing aries to give themselves primarily a new ethic; not by any propa- to the task of preaching the Gos- ganda for improved interracial re- pel, winning souls to Christ, lations-unless the record of the gathering them into indigenous Acts is entirely misleading. It was churches and building them up in simply by preaching the Gospel of Christian faith and practice, is not salvation through Christ, in season only the truest fulfillment of and out of season, without any Christ's great commission and the apology, and thereby winning men thing which is most fruitful of to faith in Christ and allegiance to abiding results, but that it is at the Him. Before such Spirit-impelled same time the soundest and safest evangelistic preaching not only missionary policy. Such indige- were multitudes of men and wom- nous churches, multiplied through- en saved, and living and self-prop- out the land, will in the very agating churches planted, but nature of things "apply" Chris- idolatry crumbled, slavery became tianity to every phase and sphere doomed, polygamy and other social of native life, and they will do it evils were weakened, the whole so- far more safely and effectively cial and political fabric was pro- than any body of foreign workers foundly affected, and the world can ever do.

was remade. The recent events in the mission If we want fruit we must begin fields hold lessons of great value with the root. What a changing for God's servants, and these may world needs, before and above all all be the means of clarifying mis- else, is the redemptive message of sionary vision, and recalling many the unchanging Christ. to policies and methods more close- Wise and Unwise Policies ly in harmony with New Testa- ment teaching and example and Our observation on this recent with the most vital need of the peo- trip convinced us that the talk ple of every mission land.

CONDITIONS IN

BY REV. S. B. ROHOLD, F.R.G.S., Haifa, Palestine Superintendent of the Mount Oarmel Bible BchOQl of the British Jews Society PALESTINE is only a very cure for them a resting place, so small country with 600,000 long will the land be small, its Moslems, 165,000 Jews and boundaries very narrow and its 85,000 Christians, yet the least burdens untold. The Israelites movement here seems to raise pas- under Joshua, even under Nehesions in the remotest corners of the miah, did not go about interviewglobe, giving rise to questions in ing politicians and philanthropists, the Parliaments and Courts of to secure their land for them; they Europe. took it by God's permission. The What fanciful imaginary and boundary given by Jehovah is from inventive stories are told in the the great river of Egypt to the daily press, with great zest by -great river Euphrates. "Ye have orators, speakers on platform, pul- been sold for naught and ye will be pit and in the stories which many redeemed without a price." No are ready to believe! We read: nation or power can limit Jehovah's "The Jews have completed all free gift or alter His plan.

plans for the rebuilding of the It all depends on Israel's spirit- Temple; in their homes, in cellars ual condition and on her relation- and in caves they are working ship to God. As soon as we have a secretly and feverishly, dressing right appreciation of this we shall stones, working in iron, brass, be able to comprehend and read copper, silver and gold, making all the "signs of the times" correctly.

the necessary utensils for the es- Israel's Spiritual Condition tablishment of the Temple and Temple worship." The Jews are This is the "times of the Gen- even credited with "having laid up tiles" when the nations are leading large stores of all kinds of ammuni- and Israel follows. Every sect, tion, guns, tanks, aeroplanes, all shade or form of movement withready for the great moment when in present-day Christendom finds the call of their chosen leader will its counterpart or echo within come, to rise and kill the Moslems Jewry-orthodoxy, ultra-orthodoxy and Christians, occupy the holy of the most obscure kind, reform, places and defy the whole world. radicalism carelessness and indif- '

People are writing to us to ask ference, even a Jewish Science if these things are true. We have Synagogue, as well as "Recon- even received warnings, advising cilers." In the Political world, the us to have nothing to do with this Jew, while susceptible to things movement on the ground that it spiritual,is easily led by the Gen- is the beginning of the Antichrist. tiles because of his old malady: So long as the Jewish people con- "We will be like the nations," to tinue to wander knocking at the which God replied: "It will never courts of Europe, begging and be." looking to the world's politicians We recommend watchmen upon and the nations of the earth to se- the walls of Zion to study these 771

periods in modern Palestinian his- Government, the headquarters of tory: all the various religious bodies and representatives of every shade and (1) 1914-1917. The beginning form within Christendom as well of the war, the barrenness of the as in Judaism. But she is not now country, the fewness of the people leading or producing in any tangithat remained, the aged and the ble way in all these various new very young dying, also the ani- thoughts, in orthodoxy, reform or mals; those that survived suffer- reconciliation movements. ing all kinds of privations. In olden days Germany, America (2) 1917-1920. The Balfour and England led the way in all so- Declaration, the liberation of Jeru- called reforms. The dark ghettos salem, the first arrival of the in Russia, Galicia and Poland were Chalutzim, the great hopes. The the guardians and leaders of ortholaying of the foundation stone of doxy and all its obscurities. Now the Hebrew University. there is a great change. Move- ments of orthodoxy, reform and (3) 1920-1924. A Hebrew radicalism, as well as the new High Commissioner was appointed movement towards reconciliation by some of the Jews. Sir Herbert with Christ, now come preemi- Samuel was hailed as the second nently from within Israel and from Nehemiah. The Arabs bitterly op- the Land of the Redeemer first, and posed him. Self-appointed leaders the world follows. This may be and agitators spread many false questioned by some, but not by statements. Then came the great those who have been studying change from military to civil Israel's religious condition at close government, the establishment of quarters. They are amazed to find civil law and order. Next followed what this small number of scatthe great opening of the Hebrew tered Israel in the Holy Land is University by representatives from producing. all over the world. The "second Nehemiah" departed and the Jews But not Jerusalem !-At least, seemed to think that he had not not for 'the time being. True, it is done much for them. The Arabs the meeting place of the nations, on the contrary hailed him as their but at the same time it is "to be best friend, and gave him farewell a burdensome stone for all people" banquets. Even today Arabs be- (Zechariah 12: 2.) The Holy City moan his loss. remains nominally the capital, be- cause the King of Zion is not (4) 1924-1928. Field-Marshal visibly reigning there just now; Lord Plumer arrived as High Com- she is, therefore, "down-trodden," missioner and during his adminis- as clearly indicated in the Word of tration came the earthquake, the God. At present nominal Chris- Syrian rebellion. Lord Plumer de- tendom is at war in and about its parted. The troubles of the Wail- holy places, and so is Jewry, busy ing Wall followed and the arrival in disputations and in denouncing of the new High Commissioner, Sir one another. John Chancellor. What an amazing amount of Each must study these periods literature, literally thousands of for himself. books, in the Hebrew language, is being produced all the time from The Great Change Jerusalem is still the capital of the Holy Land, the seat of the

PRESENT CONDITIONS IN PALESTINE

the great printing presses at Tel venture still to call the "returning Aviv-the Hill of Spring. With all remnant." the so-called failures of the builders of Tel Aviv, she is still the Hill of At the foot of these mountains Spring. She has weathered the there are a few colonies established storm and her population of 45,- by the Chassidim-pietists, who ob- 000, one hundred per cent Jewish, serve all their orthodoxy to the has not diminished but increased. letter, but not with a fanatical ob- scure outlook. On Saturday after- Mount of Precipitation noon they had what is called Oneg Sabbat-the joy of the Sabbath. This is one of the most rugged They had their afternoon meal in and fierce mountains in Palestine. their houses, but when they started It has been said of Mount Carmel the meal they had it in mind that that there are no dangerous preci- they would finish it altogether in pices, but that cannot be said of the Beth Am-the People's House. this mountain. The people of the It is the law that the meal is to synagogue at Nazareth, in their be begun and finished and closed rage, took the Lord of Glory and with prayer at the same place. wanted to throw him down head- Each one brings a part of his relong from that terrible mountain past to the People's House and peak. From this height, the whole there they sing Hymns to the glory of the surrounding country is open of the Sabbath, exalting God, and to view. If one is brave enough to then they dance with ecstatic joy climb to the very top, he has a before the Lord. most wonderful view of the whole plains of J ezreel, Gennesereth, Es- This orthodox idea of "Oneg Sabdraelon and Megiddo, including bat" has got hold of the Jews in the mountains of Gilboa, Carmel Palestine, and now they have and Samaria, yea, even the hills several in Tel Aviv, with that great of Moab beyond the Jordan. From poet Bialik at the head of it. They here we could see now, the "Tents have it also in various parts of the of Israel," the many Jewish col- country. onies. Forty thousand Zionist- Chalutzim, laboring with all the Many False Messiahs fibre of their being, reclaiming the land, "Thy land shall no more be Jerusalem is also productive, but termed desolate," rebuilding their of the obscure, the useless, the false national home. He also saw what and the make-believe. It is strange, we see now, that the swamps are Jewry has produced thirty-six removed, malaria eliminated, phys- false messiahs. They ran after ical health restored, beautiful all of them and suffered terribly. gardens, large fields of corn, or- The Gentiles did not run after chards, fat cattle with pure milk, them. The true Messiah came; He olives and vines. Perchance our was rejected. The Gentiles ran Lord saw too, with spiritual vision, after Him, "And the Gentile will those brave men and women with follow His light." False messiahs longings not satisfied, and further, are still to be found in Jeursalem. that the spiritual awakening would We met four, one of whom wanted come from these unselfish young me to be his "John." One can men and young women whom we understand why Christ, "when He beheld the city, wept over it." This is the reason that Jerusalem

still has a "Wailing Wall." Not day of Tabernacles, we were told only the Jews should come and by one of our friends, an orthodox wail, but Christians too must weep Jew who loves the Lord, that an over the blindness of the city. old, orthodox Rabbi, was very ill. We found him walking about rest- One of the colonies we visited is lessly in his room, not able to go a kind of communistic colony. to the synagogue. "You mission- They claimed to be carrying out aries" he said "will have to change exactly what Jesus taught and your textbooks when dealing with what the early disciples practised, us Jews." We said, "Our textbook living a communal life. We told is the Bible, the Old and New them that we believed that Chris- Testaments." tian communism ended with Ananias and Sapphiras, and we could He said, "You know, in former not hope for a revival while the times we did not read the New tribe of Ananias and Sapphiras Testament. We knew nothing still flourished. One shouted, "We about Jesus, about his claims; we will destroy them; we have elimi- knew nothing of the real work of nated them from our colony; we Paul. We kissed, we hugged and are living the Sermon on the danced with the scroll of the Law Mount." We pointed out that there (Torah) to our hearts' content. is no true leadership at the present time within Israel. "Yes," one We even worked ourselves up into said, "everyone wants to be a leader a so-called joyful ecstasy, which but no one wants to follow, and we for a time made us feel happy, but feel it very keenly." We told them now we have assumed a new attithat the Bible teaches clearly that tude. We have read and even there is One who will lead Israel studied the New Testament, and successfully, "David my servant now we are afraid even to touch shall lead them." We were thrilled the law. This is our great festival, when we heard them cry out with Simhat Torah, and as you see, I one voice, "Where shall we find did not go to the synagogue. . . .. I David?" They listened attentively had a restless night over it, I am when we read to them Jeremiah simply afraid to go." 23: 5 and 6: "Behold the day is come, saith the Lord, that I will We asked, "What has hapraise unto David a righteous pened?" Branch and a King shall reign and prosper, and shall execute judg- He replied, "As soon as I come ment and justice in the earth. In to the synagogue, I shall have my his days Judah shall be saved and usual honored place, and I shall be Israel shall dwell safely; and this obliged to take the sacred scroll of is his name whereby he shall be the Torah from the ark and will called, the Lord our Righteous- have to dance with it, while I am ness." Our last word to them was afraid to touch it." from Job, "Acquaint thyself with him and thou shalt be at peace." His face darkened and in a low voice he said, "Think of it! I have Jews Reading the New Testament begun this our great festival by cheating myself and cheating my At the feast of Simhat Torah, friends in the synagogue, by prethe rejoicing of the Law, the last tending to be ill. I dare not touch the sacred scroll, for it terrifies me. I saw, as it were, the whole night in fiery letters 'Cursed be he

1929J PRESENT CONDITIONS IN PALESTINE

that confirmeth not all the words prevailing in Palestine when the of this law to do them' (Deut. 27: recent Moslem uprising is seeking 26) . My whole life has been to drive out the Jews from their wasted; I read it thousands of ancient heritage. We require more times, but now it has come in a prayer and greater faith and wis- way where it gives me no peace." dom from God to deal with such He quoted from the Epistles, souls and their spiritual needs.

"Moreover the law entered, that The forty thousand young Zion- the offence might abound." We ist "Chalutzim" on the plains of pointed out that he had read only J ezreel, for these last ten years half the text. "Moreover the law have been made the scapegoat.

entered that the offence might They have been accused of being abound. But where sin abounded irreligious, immoral, Bolshevists; grace did much more abound. That their aim was to destroy Chris- as sin hath reigned unto death, tianity (to destroy Christianity in even so grace might reign through Palestine is an anomaly). How righteousness unto eternal life by entirely false were these so-called Jesus Christ our Lord." (Rom. predictions. Jewish missionaries 5: 20-21). But he silently shook are preaching freely in Palestine, his venerable head. even more freely than in free We thought we could help our Britain and America. Hebrew friend by reading to him Jeremiah literature from within Jewry deal- 31: 31-32: "I will put my law in ing in the most reverent way with their inward parts." He said, "I the life and character of Jesus is can understand you Christians being produced probably more in having your Lord as something this little Palestine and by that spiritual within you, but you can- small remnant than by the whole not have the law within you ….. of Jewry in the world. Now the That Law must remain an external poorest of the poor receive three task-master." volumes a month in Hebrew from He was overwhelmed by the fear the ever-producing presses of Tel of the Law. He could not see the Aviv. great love of God so wonderfully revealed in the Lord Jesus Christ. The Mission of the Jews This great fear was, how one could It would require pages to give see Jesus, if' He is God, and live. the details of the increase of pro- We pointed out to him that Paul duction and development among was actually dead when he saw the Jews in Palestine today, fac- Jesus; he could not see, he could tories, such as the Nesher, Cement not hear, he could not speak, but Works, the Shemen, Oil and Soap he received new life from the resur- Works; and the Grands Moulins rected Christ. It is that which Paul de Palestine-the great flour mills, meant; "I am crucified with the Silicate Brick Works, silk and Christ; nevertheless 1 live; yet textile mills, the Rutenberg Elec- not I but Christ liveth in me; and tric plants.. But all this does not the life which 1 now live in the flesh compensate and fill the longing 1 live by faith of the Son of God, hearts of the returning remnant.

who loveth me, and gave Himself It is a spiritual longing. They have for me." (Gal. 2: 20). come to a close realization, a deep Such are some of the conditions consciousness, that although they

have succeeded in redeeming part elections are over, and now the of the land, Israel as a people is peace is ended. The "Wailing not redeemed. We have often heard Wall" is now the trouble. Other it repeated: "We have a task, we troubles have come, but no peace.

have a mission to perform in the Peace is only possible when Christ world." in reality is crowned the Prince of "What is your task and what is Peace and King of Kings and Lord your mission?" of Lords.

"We are waiting for a revela- There has never been a time in tion." Everything, they say must Israel's history when the Jews have be redeemed by blood, and now been more honestly endeavoring to they see that the land cannot be find the truth and to come into made free, Zion cannot be rebuilt close contact with the Life, Teach- with stones and bricks. The human ing, Character and the demands of heart and soul cannot be satisfied the Lord Jesus. The Jews have, as with empty promises and false it were, overcome all fears of the hopes. They are waiting for a Rabbis, and threats of their revelation. We have heard them leaders. The annual outcry and say, "Jesus is our brother; He led warning against the Missions has the noblelilt life, He is the greatest lost its savour. There has been in all Israel. We must live His established "a point of contact"

life." which no Rabbinical anathemas How can we fill these seekers can possibly destroy.

with the breath of life? What We fully realize that there is a emotions come over us when we true "Softening of the heart." To speak soul to soul, endeavoring to us it is one of the greatest signs give our best, and yet not able to which inspires us with every pos- impart to them that very life and sible hope. Thus, we realize that liberty which Christ imparted to there has been progress and fruit- us? Why do they not recognize age. There are extraordinary op- Jesus and receive the joy of the portunities before the Church of Children of God? Why have we Christ in the Land of the Redeemer not the power? What is missing, and the whole situation is. so what is wanting? Why can we not momentous-the position so tre- satisfy such souls, hungry with mendous and crucial, that the spiritual longing? Church cannot afford to halt for Peace, peace seemed to have a moment.

reigned. It has been said that there This is our task, as Christians.

has been more peace in Palestine We ourselves, having found peace these last few years than in any and joy, must in the very words of other part of the world. There was the Prophet Isaiah say, and say the earthquake, followed by floods; it from our very hearts: "We will the Jewish people ran to the aid of take no rest and give him no rest, the poor. Moslems called them till he establish and till he make brothers, as in the days of yore. Jerusalem a praise in the earth."

Then there were the great munici- Then, and then only, will we be pal elections. Each party that able to gather, and united bow at wanted to be elected fraternized His feet, rejoicing and singing, with the Jews. The earthquake is "Unto him who loved us and gave past, the floods have subsided, the himself for us."

WILDER MEMORIAL IN

Extracts from the Seventy-fifth Anniversary Report of the Western India Mission of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

T HE fiftieth anniversary of 1870 to 1875, when he was inva- the founding of the Western lided home. India Mission of the Presbyterian Church in the United States He published his Mission Schools of America, formerly known as the in India, which was a defence of Kolhapur Mission, was held at his policy, in 1861 and this book Tope, about ten miles from Kolha- shows that Mr. Wilder was in adpur, on the Poona Road, December vance of his times. Much of what he advocated in those early days 4, 1902, with about 400 Christians seemed revolutionary at the time, present. but we find that his policies are the The seventy-fifth anniversary policies of the leading Missions in was celebrated at Kolhapur, De- India today. cember 2, 3 and 4, 1927, with about 1,400 Indian Christians present, In 1887 Mr. Wilder decided to representing a Christian commu- return to India and booked his sailnity of 7,500. Dr. (now Sir) Wil- ing for October 12, 1887. He transliam Wanless presided and plans ferred THE MISSIONARY REVIEW to were presented for a memorial to Dr. Arthur T. Pierson on October be erected to Rev. and Mrs. Royal 8, 1887 and on Monday, October 10th, two days before the date for G. Wilder. An old woman, Sita, his sailing, he was not, for God baptized by Mr. Wilder, was seated took him. on the platform. It is difficult to make a just esti- Royal Gould Wilder was born at mate of such a life and character. Bridgeport, Vermont, October 16, He was a man of inflexible will. 1816 and was appointed to India, His convictions were such that by the American Board of Commis- there was little or no room for any sioners for Foreign Missions, in other view than his own. He had 1845. He married Eliza Jane singularly good and quick judg- Smith, and sailed with her for In- ment. His planning and his execudia shortly afterwards. He was 10- tion of the plan were one. He was cated at Ahmednagar and put in a man of restless energy and put charge of the central school, and through a tremendous amount of during the years from 1846 to 1852 work. He never chose the easy he opened twenty-six schools as way, but faced difficulties with vicfeeders to his central school. An torious courage and dauntless hope. order came from the Board in 1852, He did not, and could not, make that Mr. and Mrs. Wilder should many friends, but a friend once proceed to Kolhapur to undertake made was his to the end. A genmission work in that new field and eration after he has passed on, we he labored there from 1852 to 1857 review his life, in the light of toand from 1861 to 1869. He re- day, and say with profound con- turned to America in 1869; and viction, "There were giants in those then returned to Kolhapur to serve days." His monuments are the under the Presbyterian Board from Western India Mission,. the MIS- 777

SIONARY REVIEW, a Christian com- Theological Seminary in 1891. He munity of seven and a half thou- was appointed a missionary to In- sand souls in Western India and dia, June 15, 1891, and reached the the products of his missionary field in December. In 1886 he was home, Robert and Grace Wilder. one of the founders of the Student Eliza Jane Smith was born at Volunteer Movement and was later West Rutland, Vermont, April 9, its secretary. He was compelled to 1822, and was married to Rev. R. proceed to Europe in 1893, on ac- G. Wilder March 25, 1846. She was count of ill-health, 'but in America co-worker with -her husband in Ah- and in all the countries of Europe mednagar, Kolhapur and Prince- he entered into a vast field of Chris- ton. tian and missionary usefulness.

After Mr. Wilder's death, Mrs. Dr. Wilder is now located at Cairo, Wilder returned to India in 1888 Egypt, as secretary of the Chris- as an honorary missionary, accom- tian Council for the Near East.

panied by her daughter, Grace. She Robert Wilder's daughter, Ruth lived at Kolhapur, 1888-89, at Wilder Braisted, landed in India Sangli 1889-91, and at Kolhapur shortly before the anniversary, un- until they went on furlough in der the Baptist Board, and is lo- 1897. During the furlough in 1897- cated at Ongole.

98, Grace secured some young It is proposed to erect, at Kol- ladies to return with them to es- hapur, a memorial to the Rev. and tablish a village settlement. Mrs. Mrs. Royal G. Wilder, and the fol- Wilder lived with Grace at Kolha- lowing resolutions were passed by pur, Miraj and Sangli, and finally the Mission: moved to Islampur as the place In view of the present inadequate acchosen for the work of the settle- commodation for the activities of the church, and the desire of the Mission to ment. assist in providing more suitable accom- On May 8, 1910, she quietly modation for these activities, and in recslipped away to be with the Lord ognition of the oft-expressed desire of whom she loved and served so long many members of the community for a and well. Her body rests in the more conveniently located church, it is cemetery at Kolhapur, a few rods suggested that plans be made for the from the home in which most of erection of such a church building as a her Indian life was passed. memorial to Mr. and Mrs. Wilder.

Grace Wilder was born at Sara- Dr. Robert P. Wilder has promised to toga Springs, May 27, 1861, and contribute towards any memorial to his was taken by her parents to India parents which may be decided upon and in 1861. She returned with them it is our desire that this contribution be to America in 1869, graduated made the nucleus of a sum to be raised from Mount Holyoke College in by the Mission and the Christian com- 1883, and was appointed by the munity for such memorial, and suggest Presbyterian Board to India in that the memorial be a church building 1887, less than a month after the with adequate provision for Sabbath death of her father. school and all other church activities.

Robert P. Wilder, the son of Rev. We recommend that, when sufficient Royal G. and Mrs. Wilder, was funds are in hand, a portion of the proborn in Kolhapur, August 2, 1863, posed church building be erected for the was graduated from Princeton use of the Sabbath school ….. . University in 1886 and from Union It is estimated that Rs. 75,000 will be required for the completed building, but it is suggested that building might begin when Rs. 15,000 are in hand. It is the earnest hope of the committee that all who are in any way interested .in this proposed memorial to Mr. and Mrs. Wil- der will cooperate with the committee in raising funds for this purpose.

World Mission of Christ out to preach to every creature

For nineteen centuries the Church Good News of God's love and of the of Christ has been in the world, com- Way of Life through Him.

missioned to carry on the work that The charter of the Church has never He began. Still the world is far from been changed; the commission to the Christian and even lands nominally disciples has never been revoked. acknowledging His rule are filled with What Jesus began to do and to teach, evil. A recent book by a native of In- His followers are directed to carry to dia rehearses, with apparent relish, completion-"unto the uttermost part some sins found in "Christian" Amer- of the earth." Christ sent them to ica _ political corruption, industrial heal, to cast out demons, to cleanse the oppression, business dishonesty, race lepers, to raise the dead and it was discrimination, cruelty, social immoral- only in His power and as they followed ity, religioushypocracy. Some declare His Way that they were able to do that Christianity is a failure. It is these greater works. Physical healing true that the Christianity of some in- and cleansing, political and social re- dividuals is a failure for the fruits of form, international and industrial Christian faith are not shown in their peace, were not the primary aims of lives. His mission. His love led Him to help The World Mission of Christianity everyone in need, when faith drew does not, cannot, differ from the World them to seek His help. His Gospel Mission of Christ.. What He began to naturally establishes health, righteousdo and to teach He commissioned His ness, brotherliness and peace among followers to carryon. He promised to those who accept His Way of Life.

give them power and to be with them The history of the past nineteen to the end. The World Mission of hundred years has proved that the Christ, as He expressed it, was to message of Christ has the same truth make possible men's salvation from and power today as when first pro- sin; to reveal God, the Father; to claimed. The history of Christian misproclaim the sovereignty (the King- sions reveals the power of Christ to dom) of God-a rule that would es- transform men and co~munities, to tablish righteousness and peace; to free the slaves and oppressed, to esteach God's eternal truth that makes free from superstition, bondage and tablish peace, to lift men to higher death; to show the way of Life and levels of thought and loving service.

how to live God's life among men; to It is where the message has been reveal the love of God and to establish changed into one that is not the Gos- His Church, composed of His disciples pel that it has lost its power. As men who should love one another as He have depended on their own intelliloved them; to open the clear vision gence and strength, in place of on the of life beyond the grave through faith power of the Spirit of God, then they in Christ, the Son of God and Saviour have lost the apostolic power: Where of men. This is the Gospel He men's vision of God has become ob- preached. scured and their understanding of His Has the Church, have the disciples program has become confused, they of Christ, has Christianity, any differ- have failed. There is no other Name; ent mission? Jesus sent His disciples there is no other Power,' there is no- 779

other Program. The name of Mus- His followers a sure Gospel to prosolini cannot save Italy or the Italians; claim. the power of Soviet Russia cannot save the proletariat; the program of Territorially and numerically the Gandhi cannot save India. In every mission of the Church is unfulfilledage men have risen and fallen; na- to look at this in only a superficial tions and programs have come and way. Sixty generations of men have gone but, in spite of poverty, numeri- died in ignorance and today one-half cal weakness and persecution, the of those living are unreached with His Word of Christ has been proved true- Gospel. the gates of death cannot prevail against His Church. In Japan, where the influence of Christ is profoundly felt, "the evan- The World Mission of Christianity gelization of the land is scarcely beis the World Mission of Christ-to gun" says Bishop Welch. Seventy-five save men from sin by winning them per cent of the people are still Budto God, the loving Heavenly Father, dhists and all sorts and kinds of Chrisand His Way of Life. This is the true tians number only one-half of one per mission of the mission boards, of the cent. Large rural areas are untouched churches and societies, of every mis- and even the educated classes are igsionary, of every Christian. Secular norant of Christ and His message of education cannot be put first; nor in- life. Thousands of towns and villages dustrial bet'terment; nor physical wel- are entirely without Christian mesfare; nor world peace-good as these sengers. are. Any missionary work that leaves out or minimizes the Gospel message In Korea, where the whole territory for the regeneration of the individual is nominally occupied, there are apis not carrying on the primary mission proximately fifty non-Christians to of Christ. Do we not need today to every Christian. In Formosa there are check up our principles, our methods, 143,420 Aborigines of nine tribes in our ideals by conforming them to the over seven hundred villages, among principles, the methods and the ideals whom no definite evangelizing work is of our Divine Master? being done.

Men to-day everywhere are hungry China is a great mission field and for this Gospel, this life, this rule. until recently had nearly 8,000 Prot- They are seeking God and His way of estant foreign missionaries. The Chilife through idols, in temples of stone, nese Church is strong but the through ceremonies and sacrifices, Christians number only about one in through philosophy and science but the a thousand of the population. Large only way revealed to men, the only communities of Tibetans, Mongols and way that has proved effective and sat- Aborigines are entirely untouched; alisfying is the way of Jesus Christ, the most one fourth of China is still undivine Saviour of the World. claimed as a mission field by any missionary society, Chinese or foreign. Is the Work Completed? An area as large as the United States (excluding Alaska) is practically un- No 9ne with any adequate concep- entered. These unoccupied areas intion of the work which Christ began clude Mongolia, Sinkiang, Kukunur, to do, and of the commission which Chwanben, Tibet and large districts in He gave His disciples, can think of the Manchuria, and in Yunnan, Kansu, task of the Church as even approach- Kwangsi and Kweichau Provinces. ing completion. It is cause for shame and sorrow that this is true nineteen Siam is occupied practically by only hundred years after He gave Himself one Protestant mission agency and on the Cross to redeem mankind and only one in a thousand of the populaafter He rose from the dead to give tion is a Protestant communicant. There are vast areas in which there is not one Christian. Eastern Siam, with 2,500,000 people, has not one resident

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

missionary. Thousands of villages are In parts of Turkey missionaries are unreached and yet the people are very friendly and receptive. not permitted to reside and it is still In British Malaysia little is being illegal to influence minors through done outside of a few cities, except by the occasional visit of a Bible colpor- Christian teaching. teur. The Malay race is nominally wholly Mohammedan. Sarawak, Bru- Africa, the huge continent of great nei, and British North Borneo are practically untouched by Christian ef- distances with vast unoccupied areas, fort and any attempt to convert the Malays in this area is strictly forbid- contains over two thousand tribes and den. sub-tribes still pagan. The Sudan, India is one of the greatest mission North Africa, Eritrea, Somaliland, fields but there are over 600,000 villages in which there are no known Abyssinia and much of the territory resident Christians. Nepal, Bhutan, and Tibet and five hundred native between Egypt and the Union of South states are still unoccupied and do not welcome outsiders. Africa have only widely scattered Burma has over thirty-five thousand Christian missionaries. W. J. W. villages but only in 2,333 are Christians found. Ceylon is a small island Roome says: "One can travel from but has nearly 10,000 villages without a resident Christian and over 450 of Nigeria westward through the hinterthem have populations of over five hundred. One hundred and twenty- lands of Dahomey, Togo Land, the eight districts are unoccupied. Gold Coast, and French Ivory Coast In Moslem lands 100,000,000 women and girls are still unreached with the without finding one representative of Gospel, and an equal number of men and boys are practically untouched. the Cross." At least one hundred and Afghanistan, with a population of eight million Moslems, is one of the ten million Africans wait to be evanlands still closed to Christian missions. Mesopotamia (Iraq) is occupied by gelized. Madagascar is still threeonly one Protestant mission. Persia has two effective Protestant mission- fifths untouched by the Christian mesary bodies at work but many large districts are as yet unreached and in sage. south Persia only a small fraction of the country is in any sense occupied In the Pacific Islands over 650,000 by Christian workers. Among the areas untouched are Bakhtiari country, are still unevangelized, about half of with several important centers and the whole of Persia south of Shiraz and whom are in unexplored Papua. Kerman. Arabia is scarcely touched, with only a few small isolated stations The interior of South America, with on the border. The interior is entirely over six million square miles, popuunoccupied. Asiatic Russia has a population of lated by about thirty million Indians 20,000,000, entirely inaccessable to is still untouched by any Christian evangelical approach except through scattered Believers, who make their agencies. The languages of many have home there. not even been reduced to writing.

The J eW8 are scattered in all lands -at least ten million of them- are almost entirely neglected by any or- ganized Christian effort. The '~Chosen People" to whom Christ came are in many lands the People Neglected by the Christian Church.

In view of this hasty geographical survey who can claim that the com- mission of Christ has been fulfilled, that the task of His Church has been completed? .

Religious Antagonism in Russia The Union of Atheists was formed in Russia in 1925 and at present about 250,000 men, most of them workmen and peasants have united for active struggle against religion. About 5,000 clubs of the Union are spread in fac- tories and villages in Russia and are active in organizing anti-religious 80-

cieties. There are published such pa- who informed the delegates to the Sov- pers as Besboznik (Atheist), Antire- iet Congress that an amendment to ligiosnik and Besvirnik (Unbeliever) the Constitution is to be offered for the latter in Ukrainian. The newspaper the purpose. It is proposed not only to Besboznik issues more than 2,000,000 separate church and state and church and the journal Besboznik 1,300,000 and schools, but to grant all citizens copies. There was published 2,000,000 the right to religious practise as well copies of other anti-religious litera- as to anti-religious propaganda. "This ture. means," says President Rykoff "that Atheists try to attract people by we sponsors of the fight on religious fog not only intend to take compulsory "useful measures" and by introducing administrative measures against relinew customs which substitute anti-re- gion, but constitutionally recognize ligious ritual for baptism, weddings, freedom of religious practises. The funerals, etc. fight on religion can succeed only if linked with mass progress and with The Russian Union of Atheists is deep penetration in the masses of sciorganization for all the world. It takes entific knowledge and culture." part in congresses of relational organizations abroad and invites foreign delegations into Russia. In connection with the Union of Atheists is the for- Crime and the Cinema mation of special anti-spiritual schools Dr. Frederick L. Hoffman, of the for preparing anti-religious specialists. Babson Institute, the leading authority They confirm that the first original on homicides, has just completed a Christian congregations were no less study of the number of murders comthan "secret organizations of bankers" mitted in some of the principal cities and claim that these bankers had even of the United States in 1928. The retheir own "battle troops." There is a sults show: Detroit 228, or 16 per "history" of Bolshevik "professors" as 100,000; Chicago 498, or 15 per 100,- the last work of science. Among the 000; Philadelphia 182, or 8.8 per 100,- atheists there are many former theolo- 000; New York 401, or 6.7 per gians and Greek-orthodox priests. 100,000. The figures for the southern They hate the church and delight to cities are much higher in proportion, mix with mire all that they formerly showing in some cases percentages of worshiped. They apply against Chris- over 50 per 100,000. tianity. their studies in doctrine and church history. Discussing the reasons for this situ- ation, Mr. Roger W. Babson said that Religious organizations in Russia he was convinced that the cinema was are forbidden to form groups of any the basic cause of the crime waves of kind for singing, handwork and read- today. Ten million people (largely ing. They are not permitted libraries young people) in the United States at- and services in official establishments. tend the cinema every week; psychol- All ministers of religion must be reg- ogists state that impressions coming istered in order that atheists may have through the eye are much more power- information with which to crush re- ful than those made through the ear; ligious movements. it is therefore evident that the cinema Russian communism is reported to is the greatest force today in moulding be ready at last for an armistice with character for good or evil. In reply to religion, a change in government pol- a questionnaire sent to the principals icy, not by sentiment, but by necessity. of schools in New England asking The Soviet leaders have learned that which had the greatest influence in faith thrives under persecution and forming the character of young people the removal of the constitutional re- -the school, the church or the homestrictions on religious practises is an- 70 per cent of those answering nounced by Alexis T. Rykoff, President scratched off all three words and of the Council of People's Commissars, wrote: the cinema.

fORWOm

EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions HOW ONE CHURCH IS ORGANIZED a missionary program, a white cross FOR MISSIONS leader, and a reading contest leader.

By HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY Some circles specialize on local phi- For several years, our Women's lanthropies, some on church work, Missionary Society has been working some on the various items of foreign under a new plan of organization, mission work, and some on home mis- which is somewhat common now sion work.

throughout the country. We have a A member of each circle is respon- Women's League in which all the sible for the monthly mission pro- women members of the church are en- gram. This she talks over when the rolled. This league has one president first vice-president of the league meets for the whole church; associated with with all missionary leaders of all the her is a group of vice-presidents who circles. This results in a unity of with the secretary and treasurer make impression and allows us to have a up the cabinet which has supervision definite program of activities which of all the interests embraced in the we carry out throughout the year. league. The first vice-president has For example, each one of these circles charge of all the women's missionary adopts one of the ladies in the Baptist work; the second vice-president, of Old People's Home of Monroe County.

the social work of the church; the The circle remembers the birthday of third vice-president, of the Dorcas its adopted member, sees that her activities; the fourth vice-president, wardrobe is kept up, sends her Christof the pastor's calling committee. mas presents, and gives her an allow- Each of these vice-presidents is su- ance for spending money every month.

preme in her own field, and together The lovely relations with the Home the cabinet meets every month to lay that this brings about are of great the plans for the year and to direct value, we feel, in our church life.

all the work. Many of the circles get out to the Of the other activities, I need not Home once during the year for a speak in detail, though each is impor- party, or a picnic, for all the members tant, but our missionary work is of the Home, then each circle takes growing stronger all the time. We part in the reading contest, and each are a large church, so the member- has a leader definitely appointed for ship of the mission society is divided that purpose. Each circle buys all into some fifteen different circles, the required missionary books every each with its president, secretary and year, and is gradually accumulating a treasurer. The leader of each of these library of books on the optional list. groups meets with the first vice-pres- The reading contest leader keeps an ident of the league to plan the mis- account with each woman of the books sionary program of all the circles for borrowed and the books read and the succeeding month. While great uses every means to keep them circu- latitude is allowed to individual lating rapidly and continuously. One groups, there are certain activities in of these circles has such a splendid which all groups are united. All have record in the reading of the mission- 783

ary books, that it runs far, far ahead All new women to the church are inof the others every year, but all the vited to join a circle. They are free circles are rapidly increasing the to visit each circle to see which one number of books read. Women who they choose to join. In these small read from 12 to 20 books each were groups, from 25 to 50 women in each, not at all uncommon and there were women easily find friends, and what several who read from 40 to 60 is still better, a bit of work to be apiece. In this missionary reading done. We feel that the remarkable contest, we include books of the Bible unity and friendlineess in our church which are assigned to us all month by is due in no small part to the circles. month and our denominational mis- Each of them has its flower committee sionary magazine, besides the MIS- and its corresponding secretary, who SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD and see that flowers and calls go to the the Record of Christian Work. sick or the afflicted in each circle. The pastor frequently asks a circle to take The league has one captain of charge of a meeting or to visit a hos- White Cross, who works with and for pital or city institution. Various cirall the societies. She corresponds cles are interested in the Italian and with our National Boards, home and the Polish Mission, in the work of the foreign, secures the requisition sheets Big Sisters, of the W. C. T. D., or the and distributes them among the cir- Y. W. C.A. cles. At each meeting, hands are busy while we listen to the reading of The plan is well adapted to any papers and the reports of committees, church of even moderate size. It helps and the thousands of pieces of work to set all the women at work, it divides that we accomplish each year are them into congenial groups, it looks really remarkable. We have one pur- after the lonely and the misfits, and chasing agent, who gets all our mate- gives the same sense of cosy intimacy rials for making dresses and night that you have in the work of a small clothes, and baby slips, and hospital church. dressings, and surgeons' gowns, etc., either at great bargain prices or at BLACK DIAMONDS wholesale. Each circle pays for its own material; some circles don't like Being an interpretation of the attitude to sew but make scrap books to send of a normal group of college women toto hospitals; some circles are strong ward race relations, especially in its on patch work, others 00 knitting, application to one particular race, as others on crocheting, but all are busy summarized by two college students. in helping swell the grand total of the garments that we give through our By CHARLOTTE ANDERSON White Cross Agency. and Then each circle has a civics chairman ,who keeps track of national and LOUISE LESSIG usstate and local political interests, tells Cast of Characters of bills that need our support, presents petitions which we ought to Betty, Jean . ………… Roommates sign, suggests the writing of letters Phyllis '" who lives in the room next to senators or representatives, or even the President. Her ten minutes is to that of Betty and Jean one of the live parts of each program, and she has a great deal to do in keep- The characters are typical college ing us all informed in regard to our girls and there are no particular re- quirements as to size or physical apduties as citizens. pearance. However, the girls are dis- Not the least pleasant feature of tinct personalities, as a careful study of the lines will show. this form of organization is the social life which it promotes and engenders. In casting Phyllis, special attention should be given to her voice. The key speeches of the presentation are spoken by Phyllis in total darkness, so it will be necessary to select a girl

METHODS FOR WORKERS

BLACK DIAMONDS * This demonstration on the subject of race prejudice took the prize at the Chautauqua Institute of Foreign Missions held in August, 1929. The demonstration was presented by its authors. This may be adapted for use in connection with the first chapter of the study book "From Jerusalem to Jerusalem." The theme with which it deals, race prejudice, is vitally connected with the first and second chapters of this book.

As missionary workers we have too long put into the hands of our college women demonstrations that have been written by older women. Kindly note that this demonstration was written in the college vernacular and presents the college "slant" which .is exceedingly interpretive. EDITOR.

STAGE PLOT Entrance or day bed desk- –0 chair- — Audience (This plot shows the position of the furniture which is necessary for the action of the play_ Otber furniture must, of course, be placed artistically to give the effect of a typical college room, rather than a set stage.) with a colo;rful rich voice, who can Scene One give those lines effectively without the aid of facial expression, gestures, etc. Jean is seated at the desk working desperately with the papers which SCENE not only cover the desk but overflow onto the floor when Betty appears in The entire action takes place in the the doorway carrying a handful of room of Betty and Jean. The neces- mail. She stands, smiling benignly, sary setting is shown on the stage until Jean looks up and discovers her. plot. This, of course, is a mere skeleton, and the stage manager has ample Jean–"Betty-do you 1" opportunity to show ingenuity in giv- Betty-"I do!" (nodding solemnly). ing the colorful, informal atmosphere of a college dormitory room through Jean–"If you have one more list of the use of cushions, lamps, pictures, Glee Club visitors-just remember pennants, etc. I like carnations."

4

Betty (walking over to the desk)- a week early so I'd have it when "Well-it's your funeral. Here you my guest arrives. And what do are." (Tosses mail over to Jean you suppose?"

,and turns back to the couch where Betty-"Oh, a new evening dress?"

she picks up a magazine and stands Phyllis-"Nope. Old Faithful will leafing through it.) .appear again!"

Jean-"Listen 'Ambitious,' you can Jean-"I know-ten extra beds!"

just sit yourself down here and Phyllis-"Extra beds! Well-don't help pass them around. Forty- worry about the Queen of Sheba.

three beds and 56 visitors. Even I'll take care of her. Lois will be Calculus can't find an answer for away for the week-end and I can that." have her bed. And said Queen will Betty-"Sorry, Sweetheart, but my feel perfectly at home with my Billy comes first and if I'm to show birthday present" (strutting a him a good time at our tea dance little) . "It's a new bed cover I've got to start fixing-." draperies and pillows to match- Jean-"Well, just the same, your and lounging pajamas I"

Billy-Boy would be quite proud of (Betty and Jean gasp appropriately.) you, if next Thursday morning Jean-(recovering first and picking over his toast and coffee he read" up paper she had just thrown on (opens one of the letters-unfolds top of the desk)-"Well-if you it-discovers a memo slip clipped can find the Queen of Sheba's name to the upper right hand corner. on that list-check it off and that Holding the letter before her, as if will be one thing off my mind."

it were a newspaper, she pretends CHands list to Phyllis.) to read), " 'CONTESTANTS FROM VIS- Phyllis (reading names from list and ITING GLEE CLUBS DEPART-Be- commenting aside upon them): cause of the failure of the local "Kathryn Smith-no-she'd never committee to provide entertain- lounge! Elizabeth Clarke-she'd be ment for the members of-the- nearsighted and couldn't appreciate visiting'-Cstops and stares in- the beauty of her surroundings.

tently at the memo slip clipped onto Dolores!" (leaning over Jean, who letter)-(After a long pause-ex- is still seated at the desk) "Oh, say plosivelY-Black I I" -get out your little card and write Betty (glancing up from magazine)- what mamma dictates: 'Dolores St.

"–and blue. Now what?" Clair, guest of –."

J ean-"Betty–BETty–B-." Betty-"Why-that's the-."

Betty-"BETTY – Yes, that's my Jean (coughing violently and inter- name." rupting rapidly)-"Yes-that's the Jean-"Well-but-just listen to this" first one I have definitely settled."

(pulls memo slip off-throws letter (Reads aloud as she writes on on top of pile of papers on desk- small card.) "Dolores' St. Clair."

reads from slip: "'Chairman of (Hands card to Phyllis.) Entertainment Committee: Per- Phyllis-"I'm going down to raid the haps I should explain that Miss package room and see if that pack- Dolores St. Clair, our soprano age has arrived yet."

soloist, is a negress. Although she Jean-"Now, don't lose that card.

is of the most desirable type, I felt And remember they'll be here all it might be advantageous-.''' night Tuesday and all day Wednes- Phyllis (running into room, waving day."

letter in the air)-"Listen, kids- Phyllis-"I'll hang onto it. So long- just received a letter from mother see you later."

saying that as soon as she heard Betty (sinking back into the cush- about the Glee Club contest she de- ions)-"Blub! Now see what cided to send my birthday present you've done!"

METHODS FOR WORKERS

Jean-"Well, it's not my fault. She Jean (rising and tiptoeing with ex- picked her out herself. And, after all, we had to have some place for aggerated movements almost to the the nigger. Lois is the only one I know of that's going to be away, so desk)-"Allow me to silently fold that settles the bed problem. It won't hurt them to use the same my tents and steal away into the mirror. No explanations from the committee are requested or re- night!" quired." (Growing eloquent and more sure of herself.) "This is (Both girls stand with backs to the really good! Why, my dear, it is the knock of opportunity itself!" door as Phyllis enters, waiting for Curtain. "the storm to break." Then they Scene Two evidently decide almost simultane- Time-After the contest. ously to ward off the onslaught by Setting-Same as for scene 1. taking things' in their own hands After the raising of the curtain and not giving Phyllis a chance to Betty and Jean come limping into the room as if their feet were tired and "jump on them.") sore. Jean-HSay-when you came up the Betty-"Well, we got the cup all right. But that nigger sure gave walk did you see any burglars cast- us a run for our money." ing their eagle eyes on the trophy Jean-"Well-I thought I must have been doing something with those room?" feet." (Sits down on bed-kicks off her shoes and wiggles toes.) Betty-"Oh-isn't it a beautiful "My dogs don't feel like they could ever navigate again. It seems like cup?" • the dean might have given us fifteen minutes extra when she knew we (Phyllis stands gazing off into space had to take those girls to the train." and seemingly paying no attention Betty-HI wonder if everybody is get- to them.) ting in on time." (Walks over to door and pokes head out into the (Betty walks over to her, looks into hall.) "Phyllis isn't in yet." (Comes back to center of room and her face and waves her hands in says with sly wink:) "Say-by the way-did you notice that she didn't front of her eyes.) hang around with the crowd very much?" Betty-"Yes, honey, we won the cup."

J ean>—–"Yes-and laugh while you Phyllis ("coming to" with a jerk)- may, for when she does come in, the entertainment committee is going "Oh, yes-and Betty, you were to have to crawl into the waste basket." lovely. It was really your solo that Betty (making elaborate motions of settled the question." listening)-"Pstl The storm ap- proaches." (Walks over toward Jean (walking over to Betty and pat- bed.) ting her proudly on the shoulders) -"Yes, darlin', and I knew you when–!"

Phyllis-"If it hadn't been for you, Betty, Dolores wouldn't have had much competition. In fact-"

Jean-"Yes, in fact-if they had had anyone but a nigger for their solo- ist they might have had the cup, 'cause the judges said the group singing was about an even break."

Phyllis-"Why, Jean, what did her color have to do with it?"

Jean-"Oh, well-you'll have to admit it was rather out of place. Now it might have been all right if she had been in the cotton field singing, 'Swing Low, Sweet Chariot'"

(imitates negro singing these words).

Phyllis-HWhy was it out of place?

She did it beautifully. She beat everybody else but you-and they were all white."

Jean-"Say, let me get this straight. BettY-"And pardon me while I turn Are you standing up for this nig- out the lights. It's almost time for ger?" the bell."

Phyllis-"Standing up for her? In- (As Betty turns out the lights, leav- deed I am. She is the most remark- ing the stage in total darkness, Jean able girl I have ever met. I was continues-) glad my room was all fixed up be- cause I didn't notice anyone asking J ean–"Your lights aren't on, Phyllis us to their room last night. Dolores -so, talk low and stay in here and I had to spend the evening awhile. I want to get this coal alone, and she is absolutely the most business straightened out." interesting conversationalist I know." Phyllis-UWell, you see, if I remem- ber right, these deposits under the Betty-"Say, woman-the next thing earth become coal-after ages and we JrUflW, you'll be going as a mis- ages. If it's mined and used then, sionary among the black folks." that's the end of it, It's worth something while the fire's burning Jean-"Or you'll be giving teas for -but then-it's all over. But, if the washwoman to show off her con- it's anowed to stay in favorable versational atJility." conditions for many more ages, it becomes a diamond. A rough one, Phyllis-"Well-no-I hardly think of course, but still a diamond. And her conversation would warrant then-it is possible to cut, polish that. She hasn't had the training and perfect it, so that it will be not t hat Dolores has-but, why only permanent but beautiful."

shouldn't she?" Jean-"Yes-that's it. Coal is really J ean–"Yes, I suppose that we should a potential diamond."

read Shakespeare with her every Phyllis-UThat's the point exactly. Monday afternoon. No doubt the Our negroes, like the coal, have the discussion following would be very potentialities, but they haven't had enlightening." the extended years of favorable Phyllis-"No, Jean, that isn't the conditions-and we must see that idea. Do you remember that fresh- they have those. Betty, in back of man Chemistry we had from your voice, in back of your solo to- Biggs?" night, were generations of love and Betty-"My goodness-you're not go- training, while there was less than ing to start them out on chem- a century of simple freedom for istry?" Dolores' background. But the po- Jean-"Pipe down. I think she's go- tentialities are developing. Even ing to crash through with a thought Dolores may be remembered for her most any minute now." voice. Some negro poets of our Phyllis-UOh, I don't know. It's all day will live. Their talents are no kind of a mess yet. But, you know longer being lost." -she was kind of black–." Betty-"Yes, it was clever of her to Betty-"Why, Dolores had to do all that-and all I have to do–." wear a–." (Jean squelches her with a look.) Phyllis-"–is to cut, polish and Phyllis (continuing)-"And through perfect the diamond. Our folks have had that to do for generations. the association of ideas or some- But we-why-we can help make thing, I got around to coal." diamonds." Betty-UCoal !" Phyllis-"Well, don't you remember- THE END. wasn't there something about coal and diamonds being related?" (In order not to detract from the e1Tective- Jean–UPardon me while I tear out ness of the closing speech. the lights should not after my notebook." be turned up until the characters have left the stage in absolute Silence.)

METHODS FOR WORKERS

GOING TO JERUSALEM Chapter J, "Beginning in Jerusalem," tells how the Boy of Twelve went to By MARGARET T. ApPLEGARTH, New York Jerusalem for the Passover and how the white magic of the Pascal moon Writing this year's Junior book and the golden glory of the city itself was very much like standing on the awoke within Him the startling imworld's highest mountain peak and portance of being-Himself! until we seeing all the map slowly unrolled find Him saying: "I must be about through the centuries' country by my Father's business." It is this country, as one saw the stories of ad- same business to which we want our venture tucked inside each boundary own twelve-year-olds to appropriate line. For there was a wonderful with equal delight and anticipation. moment nineteen hundred years ago By making a _sand map of Palestine, when Jesus was here among men with a cavalcade of paper dolls makwhen He said to His disciples: "Ye ing the trip from Nazareth, folds of shall be my witnesses, beginning in paper bent double into tents, appro- Jerusalem, and in Judea, and in priate Psalms chanted, etc., as told on Samaria, and unto the uttermost pages 7 to 9 of the book, one can reparts of the earth." create the atmopshere of the Boy's first trip, then His later trips; and Witnesses? Those twelve ignorant His famous prophecy, with stories of awkward unlettered men? With the those who made his prophecy come world so wise and the races of men tru~, especially Paul whose colorful so prejudiced? Surely they could personality and tirelessness carried never do it! And yet the whole pur- the Gospel from Jerusalem westward pose of this little new study book is to Rome. Linking up geography as "to prove how, inch by inch, mile by well as history with the progress of mile, country by country, they did in- Christianity is sure to leave a valudeed become witnesses of the Lord able deposit in the memory! Jesus until the map of our world bears the record of their exploits." Chapter II, "How the New s Spread," may be developed by imper- If, years ago, every grown member sonating the various characters, tracin our churches today could have had ing on a table map their journeys, a similar vista down through the ages setting up models to typify their parit is to be wondered if they might ticular adventures, e. g., (1) Romenot be better able now to keep aglow lions and Roman soldiers: martyrdom within themselves the tingle of the of early Christians; (2) shield with glorioU1! adventure, if they might not red cross on it: conversion of Conbe more on tiptoe to start down new stantine; (3) crown for Queen paths of service realizing that the Clotilda as she tells of the conversion chapters in the Acts of the Apostles of Clovis, when the Gospel began to are still being written. Therefore it spread through Gaul; (4) boy wearshould be with a peculiar sense of the ing green tie, etc., to tell the famous warm incentives and beautiful possi- story of Patrick in Ireland; another bilities wrapped up in such a study boy, in Scotch plaids. to tell what that each leader may begin teaching Columbo did for Scotland-with emthe book to Juniors. Collecting the phasis laid on the fact that each nasayings of the great heroes, linking tion passed the news on to some other up modern hymns with ancient ven- nation; a Roman carried it to Gaul, tures, progressing the map of the a Scotchman to Ireland, an Irishman world from century to century, mak- to Scotland. ing models of anything and everything, giving a clue to the pictorial -Chapter III, "And So It Reached drama of religion as it has been un- Our Ancestors" may be readily dramfolded on that map–this is the lead- atized, Queen Victoria seated beside er's task. her Bible as she reminisces to the Concretely the six chapters may be presented very simply, as follows:

pagan ambassador about early Briton: Friendship-the Quakers and William (1) "My mind goes wandering back Penn; (6) Lordship-Whitfield, who to the days of our Bluebeard ances- came from England seven times to retors," whereupon enter said ancestor, mind our ancestors of God; (7) weird and wild. (2) "And now I seem Ownership-Francke inspiring his to see the good Queen Bertha," enter pupils to see that the ownership of Bertha wearing Clotilda's gold crown the Bible entailed a sharing; (8) and St. Augustine dressed as a monk, Hardship-and what Morrison enwith a great silver cross, to tell their dured in China; (9) Partnershipweird stories. (3) "And here comes Peter Parker with the "Great Physi- Bertha's daughter wearing Bertha's cian" in China; (10) Fellowshipcrown, following in her mother's foot- Moffat becoming friends with cannisteps," enter Ethelberga and Paulinus. bals; (11) Companionship–Living- (4) "And now you must meet Caed- stone in Africa; (12) Apprenticemon"; (5) "and Boniface"; (6) "and ship-Mackay, Jack of all trades in Ansgar." A Christmas tree for Boni- Africa. By sailing these ships to face and a church bell for Ausgar will their several ports the spread of the "fix" the connection between their Gospel in modern times will be made lives and their most memorable events. more impressive.

. Chapter IV, "When Knighthood was Chapter VI, "Going to Jerusalem," In Flower," deals with the Crusades, tells in brief the heroic adventures of which wilI lend itself to dramatic the island missionaries. By folding presentation with dolls traveling shelf paper into a screen of ten folds, across the map of Europe to Pales- with an island painted on each fold tine, also as in the "Helps for Junior (suitably decorated with palm trees Leaders" the use of a cardboard flower for the South Sea islands, torii and pot with five cardboard tulips will be Jujiyama for Japan; ice igloo for an unusual way of presenting the Greenland, etc.) one can unfold these stories of (1) the "palmers," (2) the fascinating stories one at a time. The Crusaders, (3) medieval life, (4) St. chapter closes with a very brief ac- Francis of Assisi, (5) Raymund Lull, count of the Jerusalem conference at showing how these five medieval Easter time, 1928, when from those flowers were rooted in: (1) fear of "uttermost parts of the earth" men- God, (2) hatred of the Turks, (3) tioned in Christ's early prophecy two slavery to a feudal overlord, (4) com- hundred delegates came to meet toplete obedience to the commands of gether on the Mount of Olives, living the Saviour, (5) love-as Lull's fam- witnesses to the fact that the prophecy ous saying indicates: "He who loves had been fulfilled, as elbow touched not, lives not, he who lives by the elbow, and the voices of fifty-one na- Life cannot die." tionalities united in one prayer to their one God. Chapter V, "I Saw a Ship Asail- The Leader's "Helps" give far more ing," tells of the boats which began detailed ways in which the beautiful sailing the seas, "each ship a shuttle adventure may be made real and at- tractive to Juniors-for this is a year on God's giant loom weaving back and of years to make the study vital and forth His pattern for mankind." A gripping-and permanent!

little fleet of 12 cardboard ships of a THE QUIET ROOM mayflower design may bear the words: And so I find it well to come (1) Stewardship-for Columbus, who For deeper rest to this still room; For here the habit of the soul considered his money a trust to help Feels less the outer world's control. spread the story of Jesus; (2) Re- And from the silence multiplied By these still forms on every side, lationship-the Cavaliers, arriving in The world that time and sense has known Virginia; (3) Worship-the Pilgrims, Falls off and leaves us God alone.

coming to New England for freedom -J. G. Whittier.

to worship God; (4) Kinship-the Dutch, with Hendrik Hudson; (5)

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York Executive Sec1'eta.ry, Council of TVomen for Home Missions LAURA H. PARKER, EDI'l'H E. LOWRY, ADELA J. BALLARD, Secretary, 1923-1929 Assistant Bccretary~ Western SupervisorJ 1927· 1926-1929; l~ccrc~ tar-YJ jlfaYJ 1929- IN CHARGE OF MIGRANT WORK THE HUMAN EQUATION IN Indians, Mexicans, Japanese and Chi- MIGRANT LABOR' nese in hops, berries, apples, citrus By LAURA HILLIER PARKER fruits, lettuce, cantaloupes, prunes, asparagus-crops too numerous to Former!y Secretary for Migrant Work list. On the west coast the migrant Oouncil of lVomen for Home Mi88ion8 is wandering practically twelve ,Migrant, floater, nomad or gypsy- months; in the east for about six call him what you will-he claims months-a group to whom the instiwide attention in this· day of large tutions of the home, the school, the agricultural acreage and huge canning church mean practically nothing. industry. No one is quite sure how Since 1920 the Council of Women many there are of him-anywhere be- for Home Missions has been carrying tween one and two million, says the forward, through a Committee on Labor Department. Migrant Work, activities with these As one takes a kaleidoscopic view of forgotten and neglected folk. The the migrant situation one sees along committee functions in both administhe Atlantic coast Polish, Italian, trative and advisory capacity. In Lithuanian and Negro migrants in ap- some cases demonstration centers are ples, peas, beans, corn, tomatoes, cran- opened where a program of Christian berries; in the middle west migrants citizenship is evolved with the chilfrom the Kentucky mountains in the dren and adults, in other cases local onion marshes of Ohio, Mexicans in communities are stimulated to face the peas and beets of Minnesota and their own problems and help in the so- Colorado; on the Pacific Coast, from lution. Imperial Valley at the Mexican border Personnel up to the state of Washington and the Two full time workers are thinking Canadian border, white Americans, in terms of the problem nationally, '" Thi;- article appeared in the August Pr~8- one of these with major emphasis on byterian Magazine and is used here by ll)erm18' slon. the Pacific coast-this in itself has 791

meant a tremendous stride in the de- Jesus loves the little children, velopment and interest on the west All the children of the world: ~oast. An American Spanish-speaking Red and yellow, black and white, worker follows the Mexican migrants They are precious in His sightthrough Imperial Valley and moves Jesus loves the little children of on accompanying them to the San Joaquin with her Ford and baby the world. organ. Progress In addition to these full time workers there are trained nurses, social The work had its beginnings in the workers and college students who serve Chesapeake area; it has now spread in a center for a period of three to to the middle west and the Pacific eight weeks during the harvesting and coast. Some illustrations from the canning of a given crop. field will show what is being done.

Many of the students who have been California: A most interesting vain this field are now in foreign mis- cation school and clinic is being carsionary service in Syria, Persia, Af- ried on at Walnut Grove, California, rica, Korea, Siam or in the home land for Orientials employed in the asparain places of real need and opportunity. gus canneries. "We have an unusually The spirit shown and results accom- interesting group working just at presplished by these Christian student ent-a Chinese Confucian dentist; a workers hlliVe made this migrant proj- Japanese Buddhist physician; an ect vibrant with the power of youth. American Catholic physician; a Pres- byterian registered nurse; also Bap- Program tist and Methodist religious workers. Weare all working harmoniously to- The central theme of the program is gether to quicken in the.lives of these the home. The aim is to interpret in children a realization of the finer terms they can understand the prac- things of life. tical teachings of Jesus in every relation of life, to be clean in body, mind "The Sunday-school papers for the and soul. The daily schedule from past three months were given by the early morn runs the gamut of baths, Presbyterian Sunday-school of Sacrasinging, Bible dramatics, hot lunches, mento. Some of the hymn books used rest hour, story hour, recreation, on were from the Japanese mISSIOn, into the evening with handicraft, Methodist Episcopal Church, South, in health talks, discussions, games and Walnut Grove. The organ was the music for older boys and girls and property of the Chinese Baptist Mismothers. The whole family has a sion of Locke. Truly this is ail: intershare. Often the boys for their project denominational and interracial school." make a little play house out of a packing box, crate or carton; the girls The Japanese Ministers' Association learn how to furnish it, making dainty rejoiced that something concrete was curtains, and slips for the tiny beds. being done for their people and sent This little model home often gives for a resolution to the Council urging furthe first time a picture of what a real ther help. home is, an idea of living amid surroundings a bit more spacious than a "La Casa de Los Ninos" (the House crude one-room shack. of the Children) at Dos Palos, Cali- fornia, was dedicated a year ago. The workers try to instill in the chil- "That tiny tent erected on a ranch dren the practical ideals of world far from town and gay with flags, friendship and appreciation of others flowers and pictures that serves the who, to them, may seem different. tiny tots of the ranch workers as a One hymn that is a universal favorite day nursery and kindergarten is a necessary institution in thjs commuill: nity. The people to whose service it is given are wondering why it is there. They are slow of heart to believe what we know so well, that the most valu-

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

able crop on any ranch is the children. thing to do with us today. I thought "Cristo Me Ama," (Jesus Loves Me) we just learned the story because it was sung by all in Spanish, then "My sounded interesting, but now I see Country 'Tis of Thee" was sung in what you mean. Why, if we obeyed very gpod English by many of the the verses in that story, there Mexican school children and the wouldn't be any war or any murder Lord's Prayer concluded the service. or anything bad. Why, it would just Oregon: "In the hop yards at New- be heaven.' One girl who had not berg through the cooperation of the spoken but who had listened intently grower and local committee with the said, 'But do Americans know that it Council, the work among the pickers means love people today?' "

has been carried forward most suc- "A Mexican child was brought to a cessfully; for the past two years it vacation school in the San Joaquin, has been financed entirely by the evidently she felt some difference be- owner who has asked for the con- tween her reception and that of the tinued supervision of the Council." other children. She heard the story New Jersey: A new center was of Christ blessing little children and opened with Italian cranberry pickers was much impressed. Someone took at Pemberton, N. J. An old barn was transformed as if by magic into an her to Sunday-school and there wa·s attractive center. decided objection to a Mexican child. Maryland: At Hurlock, trained She marched up to the Superintendent young Negro college women face the and demanded. 'Is it true that Jesus very real need of a primitive group of loves only little white children?' She their own people. To quote from :i was assured it was not true; without diary of a worker, "Dinner hour ar- a word of explanation she marched out rived. The children shook hands with and returned with four other Mexican the soap and towels. All stood until children saying, 'I wasn't going to grace was said. Some began to drink bring them until 1 knew.' " their soup out of the bowls; others ate properly. The larger boys and girls There is a great deal of talk concleaned up the dishes and we got the cerning the teachings of Jesus. Here house in readiness for Sunday is a chance to exemplify them. . Here school." is the chance for a church that wants to do a real job. Programs may vary, In addition to progress in the actual principles remain the same. Here is field there has been a growing interest the chance for the Christian folk in a and cooperation by such groups as the community to get right down to earth Consumer's League and the Children's Bureau at Washington. Papers have and see that the local employer of been presented at two Conferences of labor gives his people the right kind the National Conference of Social of living and working conditions, and Work. to see that the churches are forward- looking in their approach to these Religion cannot be a theoretical neglected folk. Let a text from thing with these groups; it must be Leviticus sent by a former worker now real. When Christ was here He not in a Presbyterian junior college at only preached, but He healed the sick Beirut, Syria, illumine the obligation to our "Nomad Neighbors."

and fed the multitude. "The subject "And if a stranger sojourn with of the lesson was the Good Samaritan. thee in your land ye shall not vex him.

After I had tried to get them to see But the stranger that dwelleth with how all the stories Christ told were you shall be unto you as one born not just to be interesting but to show among you and thou shalt love him as how to live, the two girls most inter- thyself for ye were strangers in the ested said in just about the same land of Egypt. I am the Lord your words, 'Why, I .never knew it had any- God." EDITED BY MISS AMY G. LEWIS, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York Ewha College, the only college for degree of Doctor of Philosophy by women in Korea, has added a home Columbia University in June, and haM economics department this spring, returned to Lucknow to resume hel with Miss Hannah Kim, M.A., Oregon work. Agrjcultural College, 1928, as head. A four years' course is offered and From Japan Mrs. William M. 32 have entered the opening class, Vories, of the Omi Mission, has been many of whom have been impatiently a visitor and student for six months. awaiting this opportunity. This year Mrs. Vories is seeking the newest and the college received students from 23 best methods to apply in the kinderdifferent high schools, 11 of them gartens and tuberculosis sanatoria of Christian schools. Ewha is taxed to the Omi Mission, where very high ctlpacity now with 138 students and standards prevail. hopes that the plans for merging her students in the prospective union Miss Chie Utsumi, a graduate of women's college will soon materialize. the Woman's Christian College of The beautiful site of 50 acres just out- Japan, is in the United States on the side of Seoul has been ready for some Vassar College Scholarship in Physiyears, and a campaign for buildings cal Education. to put on it is now started. Miss Helen Kim, M.A., Boston University, Miss Eiko Sugimori, one of the 1925, is dean of the college, which is four alumnre on the faculty of the the alma mater of many of the leaders Woman's Christian College of Japan, in Christian work in Korea. was the representative of the Young Women's Christian Association at the *** World Conference in Budapest.

For the first time since its organiza- Miss Ding Yu-dji, Ginling, 1926, tion in 1923 the Korean Y. W. C. A. one of the alumnre who did much for will have a trained secretary. Miss Ginling in the summer of 1927, is Sungsil Kim, Mount Holyoke College, working with the Y. W. C. A. She 1929, has just returned to Korea for has been in the United States and is this work. The Korean Association now in England for study. is unique among those affiliated with the World's Committee in that it was Of the 27 graduates of Ginling Colorganized and has been carried on al- lege this year 21 are going into 19 most without help from ouh,ide of schools to teach, three into Y. W. C. Korea. Mrs. Pilley Choi and Miss A. work, one going into medicine, one Helen Kim were leading spirits in its into literature, and only one not quite organization and have been active in the work of the Association ever since. decided. The graduating class at Ginling this year made a gift of two hundred dol- lars for a bell. At the tenth reunion Ii Reunion Scholarship of one hundred dollars was given.

PERSONAL MENTION Among the officers of the National IMPRESSIONS OF THE NATIONAL Christian Council of China we find CHRISTIAN COUNCIL OF CHINA Miss Yi-fang Wu, Ph.D., President "It was difficult to believe that we of Ginling College. were attending a meeting in conserva- tive, slow-moving, aged China. It Miss E. M. Thillayampalam, Pro- was a gathering of the younger leadfessor of Biology at the Isabella Tho- ers of the Christian Church. There burn College, and a teacher in the was scarcely a gray head among the men's university, was granted the 794 140 delegates. The great majority is always presented from the platwere men and women of unspent years form. This year the speaker deor those standing in the prime of their scribed the wonderful work that the manhood and womanhood. The result committee was doing in India, in was that the sessions throbbed with China, in Japan, in South America, life. Discussions were animated. and in Turkey. The income is bud- Opinions were freely and vigorously geted for the ensuing year and to take expressed. The tides of enthusiasm care of the work that we have already ran high. There was not a dull begun will take every penny. A remoment. Not every word spoken was quest has come from the Christian weighted with wisdom or the fruit of Literature Committee of Korea asking experience, but it gave evidence of a for a subsidy that would ensure the real interest and a sense of personal publication of a children's magazine responsibility. for Korean children, somewhat on the line of Happy Children, in China, or "The two of us who came from The Treasure Chest, in India. Treas- Japan were deeply impressed with ure Chest already has five children, the number and the outstanding abil- printed in five of the vernaculars of ity of the young women delegates. India, mother and children doing They were present in good numbers, nicely. participated freely in the discussions, and hit a high mark every time they At the close of the meeting a colspoke. lection of about $375 was taken for the ordinary income of the Christian "A Chinese bishop administered the Literature Committee. A lady in the union communion service. Chinese audience said that she would give $500 speakers led the devotional services. toward the $1,000 that would be Chinese presided at the business ses- needed to insure the pUblication of the sions. Some of the most prominent magazine for three years. Another Chinese delegates were presidents of lady gave $100, and quite a few small- China's Christian colleges. Although er gifts were received. foreign delegates of proven ability and rich experience were present they But the best thing at Northfield as took a minor part in the proceedings. far as Christian literature is con- This is all as it should be and indi- cerned, was the presence of Miss cates that the indigenous Chinese Laura M. White, of Shanghai, China. Church is coming to its own. For thirty-five years Miss White has given herself to the production of "Chinese Christians have been and Christian literature in China. She still are passing through a baptism of has quite a corps of Chinese helpers, fire, but they face the future uncon- most of them college girls· who have quered and unafraid. The consensus been her former students. She told us of opinion was that "places (churches) one very interesting story about a most persecuted are becoming more little slave girl who had had to have, vital in their Christian life."-WiUiam both hands and feet amputated in the Axling, Han. Secretary N. C. C. of Mission hospital in Nanking on ac- Japan. count of cruel treatment at the hands of her mistress. This child was CHRISTIAN LITERATURE AT adopted by the Mission; trained in the schools, and finally sent to Ginling NORTHFIELD College. She proved a girl of wonder- ful promise and rare intellectual By HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY gifts. When she was still a child, she decided that her future work would Northfield is always a good friend be the producing and translating of of the Committee on Christian Lit- Christian literature. She is already erature for Women and Children in the author of several books although Mission Lands. This year Northfield quite outdid herself. The work of this committee of the Federation of Women's Boards of Foreign Missions

only recently out of college, and she the Federation of Women's Boards of is one of the most valued of Miss Foreign Missions, 419 Fourth Ave., White's helpers. How many people New York City, for a wonderful little could, if they wished, give themselves dramatic sketch, written by Miss the luxury of spreading the use of White for the use of the committee. f,ood Christian literature into foreign This sketch will sell for an amount lands! Last year Mrs. A. V. Pohlman barely sufficient to cover postage. It gave $100 to have "Brave Adven- is hoped that it will be used in hunturers" put into Chinese as a memo- dreds of churches, and that a silver rial to Mrs. Cronk. The Central offering will be taken whenever it is Committee, itself, has had several of given, to send to the committee to its books translated and republished. further its work of translation and Last year $300 was given to put publication and composition of Chris- Mabel Thurston's "Adventure in tian literature, especially that adapted Prayer" into Burmese, and this year to the use of women and children. it is to be put into Chinese. By another gift the "Story of Jesus" is It occurred to me that many Sunto be put into Chinese. day-school classes would be glad to follow the example of the Sunday- The work of the Committee on school in Grand Rapids and provide Christian Literature is capable of al- for the translation of brief books into most indefinite expansion. It meets various Oriental languages. Because a great need, the hunger for books Miss Laura White was at hand I and not for food. Many of the young asked her what projects she had in men college students have read a great mind. She said that if she had $300, deal of agnostic and socialistic litera- that would provide for a year's salary ture, and so many of them did not of Miss Mary Liu and $100 would prohold firm to their Christian faith dur- vide for the printing of one of her ing the last great upheaval in China; own books for children with illustrabut the young college girls, through tions done by Chinese artists. She the magazines, papers and books dreams of translating an adaptation of printed in Chinese by our Christian "Silas Marner," for high school stu- Literature Society, were more firmly dents, emphasizing filial piety. Then anchored and hence stood firm and there is a delightful little Animal true in even greater numbers than Story Book for Children, wholesome did the young men. One thing that and educational, that children will all the readers of the MISSIONARY RE- love. Pretty little books for Christ- VIEW OF THE WORLD can do, is to tell mas or Easter about the size of the everybody about the work of the "Birds' Christmas Carol" could be ChristiaIl' Literature Committee and gotten out for about $75.00. Such to see that all the churches that they short stories would sell for 10 or 15 can reach send to the headquarters of cents.

OUR MISSION WE ARE sent, not to preach sociology but salvation; not economics but evangelism; not reform but redemption; not culture but con- version; not progress but pardon; not the new social order but the new birth; not revolution but regeneration; not renovation but revival; not resuscitation but resurrection; not a new organization but a new cre- ation; not democracy but the Gospel; not civilization but Christ. We are ambassadors not diplomats. HUGH THOMSON KERR.

ASIA numbers. During the last

Social Changes in Turkey months we have given ten thousand treatments to patients. This work TURKEY'S leadership in the Near brings us into constant contact with East is summarized by Dr. Lee the women and their homes, and it is Vrooman, of the American Board at through this friendship that we can Smyrna, in the following list of best win their hearts and lead them changes within seven years: to Christ. While I write I can hear a dreadful noise of screaming, crying Abolition of the sultanate and the dec- women, just as we hear in a house of laration of a republic. mourning. Every year, the MetawaIie Moslems mourn ten days for two Abolition of the caliphate and dis- grandsons of Mohammed, who died establishment of the Moslem Church. during a war over a thousand years ago. Men and women gather in dif- Abolition of mosque religious schools ferent houses, crying, screaming, and a great increase of secular schools. beating their chests and scratching themselves, to show their sorrow for Dissolution of dervish orders and these prophets whom they pretend to seizure of their property. love. This is called 'The Ten Days.' Dreadful stories are told of this time Nationalization of religious endow- of mourning-how men pierce their ments. cheeks with knives, etc. In one near- by village it is said that some even Abolition of the fez and adoption of die during this time from their hats. wounds. These are supposed to be saved and go straight to heaven, the Dropping of the Hegira calendar and door of which remains open during institution of the Gregorian calendar. 'The Ten Days.' "-The Christian.

Replacing of the old Arabic numerals Facts on the Bible and Palestine by European numerals. THE New Testament is read by some Drawing up of three codes in place of Jews in all of the 120 colonies in Moslem Sheriat law, based respectively Palestine. on the Swiss civil code, the German commercial code and the Italian penal code. Population is increasing thirty per cent each year. Present population, Abolition by law of polygamy. 600,000 Arabs, 165,000 Jews, 85,000 Entire reconstruction of the school Christians and 10,000 others; total, system, coeducation being introduced. 887,000; 72,000 Jews returned since Promotion of sports, such as football. the war. Only about 50,000 returned Teaching of Western music in place of the old Eastern music. Fostering of agriculture; the undertaking by the state of a great program of railway building; the creation of a state-subsidized merchant marine; the building of new factories with government aid. Dropping from the constitution of the statement that Islam is the religion of Turkey. Substitution of Latin letters for the old Arabic alphabet. Introduction of compulsory adult education to abolish illiteracy.

-Congregationalist.

British Syrian Mission from Babylon after the captivity. Pincus Rutenberg in August, 1927, AMISSIONARY at Tyre, connected began building a dam in the Jordan, with the British Syrian Mission, 15 miles below the Sea of Galilee, to says: "The medical work has been a furnish light and power for all Pales- wonderful open door in many ways. tine. Haifa, near Mt. Carmel, and Tel The clinic is always attended by great Aviv, near Joppa, are both lighted 797

with electricity. Tel Aviv has 100 New York City, and Dr. W. J. Van factories, made possible because of Kersen, Holland, Mich., will act as electric light and power. Haifa and treasurers for the Jubilee Hen Fund. -Christian Intelligencer and Mission Joppa will be the two great Palestine Field. harbors. Forty ships can occupy Haifa harbor when completed. Work began at Haifa in April, 1928. India Should Have Prohibition INDIA ~~pUSSYFOOT" JOHNSON has re- cently returned to India at a Trend Among the B.hils time when considerable discussion was I N SEVERAL districts in western rife about Prohibition. He has found India there is a definite movement that there is a drink problem among among. the Bhils (a low-caste aborig- peoples whose religion supposedly proinal tribe) towards Christianity. The hibits intoxicants. "Flaming youth" Rev. H. C. Read describes the Bhils apparently has broken out as it has in as extraordinarily accessible and Europe and in America. On this acready to listen, and the number of count conservatives in Turkey and Christians among them is steadily in- India, especially, consider Mr. Johncreasing. This seems to be no sudden son as an apostle of sobriety and recimpulse; their minds have been turning in this direction for some years. titude. In some villages Bhils are definitely Welfare, a Calcutta weekly, asserts asking for baptism. In the northern part of the collectorate are many large that if the wishes of the majority of communities of Bhils, a challenge to the people of the country were Christian effort. granted, India would have Prohibition because it is based on four interre- lated grounds. (1) There is sanction Sale! Sale! for drinks on a very few ceremonial THE Arcot Mission is celebrating occasions in the Hindu religion, and its diamond jubilee year. Indian the Moslem religion is strongly Christian pastors, helpers and teach- against alcoholic drinks. (2) The ers, together with the missionaries, moral prejudice against intoxicants is are giving a month's salary toward deep-rooted, and people, in whatever the Jubilee Fund for the education of level of culture, share this prejudice. the village Christian boys and girls. The leaven of Western culture which set up at its inception beef and bev- Even the Hindu and Mohammedan erage as the criterion of one's educateachers are giving a half month's tion, and which has made of these an salary, or something less, toward the acceptable luxury to some who would fund. But for thousands of village play the "unmoral" or "immoral" Christians, cash contributions are im- modern man, could not drown that agepossible. Each family has accordingly old prejudice. Law, as some hold, been urged to have a "Jubilee Hen,"

and give all the income from eggs and might have little concern with reli- chickens to the Jubilee Fund, and gious tenets and moral obsessions; but then, in December, to give the hen if law is an embodiment of the public and chickens to be sold at auction or will these things weigh and would otherwise. Probably a thousand hens weigh too heavily against our "wet"

have been designated, and by the end mongers and "smoke-nuisance" sup- of the year it is hoped to have three porters to indulge in platitudes like or four thousand set apart, more than those presented in the Bengal Legisla- the demand will call for. "Jubilee tive Council. (3) Social reasons ar- Hens" are therefore offered to Amer- gue strongly in favor of Prohibition.

ican friends at from 50 cents to one (4) The hard fact that drink is uneco- dollar, and may be given to some poor nomic, lowers national efficiency, and Christian widow in India to cheer her necessarily hampers the production of soul. Dr. F. M. Potter, 25 E. 22d St., the nation.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

At One Mission Hospital c. E. in India ~~THIS has been the most eventful HE India Yearbook for 1929 gives and thrilling year since the hos- T the following Christian Endeavor information: The work was started pital began," writes Dr. Adelaide in Bombay, Madura, and Jaffna in Woodard, of the Presbyterian mission 1883. The United Society of Chrishospital at Fategarh. During the past tian Endeavor in India, Burma and year they have treated 1,794 patients Ceylon was organized at Calcutta in in the hospital and 7,470 in the dis- January, 1897. The first general secpensary. Over 1,000 operations have retary was Rev. F. S. Hatch, who was been performed, including 44 for appointed from America in 1900. Rev. cataracts (enabling the blind to see), Herbert Halliwell, the next general many fractures and dislocations (en- secretary, was appointed from Great abling the lame to walk), lepers Britain in 1904. The World's Chriscleansed, and nine clEsarian opera- tian Endeavor Convention was held tions (in effect bringing the dead to in Agra in November, 1909, and was life) . attended by Dr. Clark as well as by many other Americans. Mr. Halliwell ::I'o all who come to the hospital and resigned in November, 1919, and Rev. in all the homes visited the gospel A. RaIla Ram was the organizing secmessage is given either in printed or retary from July 1924, to June, 1925. in spoken word. "We feel," says Dr. Mr. Philip Ralla Ram, his brother, be- Woodard, "that we are doing what the came acting organizing secretary in Master would do if He were here." October, 1925, and continued until 1926. IslaD1izing India There are eight provincial unions I SLAM is the only religion seriously and six district unions, all with work- competing with Christianity for ing officers, and approximately 1,200 world domination. Rev. N. F. Silsbee, societies in India. in an article in Darkness and Light on "Islam in India" writes:· "In Rev. and Mrs. Vere W. Abbey, who north India there are many organiza- have served a five-year term in Burma tions for tabligh, or propaganda, with under the Methodist Board of Foreign branches everywhere. Tabligh may be Missions, began the work of general translated 'Islamization.' Among the secretaryship of Christian Endeavor published aims of one large society is for India, Burma, and Ceylon on July the following clause: 'To work for the Ist.-C. E. World. conversion of the eighty millions of the depressed classes of India is the Progress in Burma chief aim of our workers.' At Karachi a large meeting of one of AREPORT has recently been issued the societies was held at which circu- by the World Dominion Press enlars appealing for 25 lakhs of rupees titled "Christian Progress in Burma." for an endowment fund were distrib- Details are given about the various uted. The following is an extract: Christian enterprises, and the follow- 'Christian missions have been at work ing summary is given, the figures bein India for some centuries. Their or- ing for 1921: ganization is perfect, their funds are enormous, and their methods of work Buddhist ……….. 11,172,984 effective. . . . Hundreds of different Animist ………… 592,822 missions, hundreds of institutions and Moslem ………… 500,592 hospitals, and thousands of workers Hindu …………. 490,857 constitute the strength of the Chris- Christian ……….. 257,106 tian propaganda. Thousands of Mos- Chinese ………… 146,463 lems have already fallen a prey to the Minor religions ….. 8,308 Christian missionary, and there are yet greater dangers ahead.''' In addition to the Roman Catholics, the following Protestant groups are at work in Burma: American Bap-

tists, Anglicans, Wesleyans, American into Chinese control is am;lOunced by Methodists, Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., the Rev. Dr. Wynn C. Fairfield, secthe Salvation Army, the Bible Society, retary of the Board. This transfer and a number of smaller groups. The is said to give full recognition to the American Baptist Mission is by far nationalistic aspirations of Chinese the largest group, there being 160,656 Christians. The churches of the Christians in the various churches of North China Mission through their this mission. new constitution have established their own independent ecclesiastical The following figures are given organization under the name of "the from Protestant work, as obtained in Promotional Board of the Chinese 1926: Congregational Churches of North China." This Board will control either Area, 233,707 square miles. through gift or loan, all property of Population, 13,212,192.• the American Board in North China Density, 57 persons to the square mile. except the residences of the mission- Protestant foreign workers, 351. aries. According to Dr. C. Y. Cheng Protestant native workers, 3,538. of Shanghai, the American Board is Protestant missionary residential sta- the first missionary organization to tions, 47. place the entire responsibility and Protestant Christians (Mission re- control of its Chinese work and propturns), 192,027. erty in Chinese hands. Protestant Mission schools, 972. Pupils in schools, 40,539. The missionaries under their new Hospitals, '5. status are to serve on a basis of com- Dispensaries, 11. plete equality with their Chinese as- sociates. They are expected to be- -Dnyanodaya. come members of a local Chinese church and will receive their assign- Self-support in Cambodia ments from the Chinese Board. All questions of location, transfer, fur- CAMBODIA has its first self-sup- lough and resignation are to be set- porting church. Five groups of tled by the Chinese Board in consulta- Christian converts, centering at the tion with the missionary concerned. village of Khpop, have combined to The missionaries are to receive their form one district church, with a total first appointments to China and to reof 90 members and one pastor, whom turn after a furlough only upon invithey are undertaking unitedly to sup- tation from the Chinese Board. port. A central committee of leaders American missionaries who will now meets the last day of each Cambodian be under the Chinese Board number month. It is intended to give these 117.-Report. leaders a course of Bible studies to enable them to do the work of unsub- China Changing sidized lay preachers. Thus they will be enabled to open up new work and HEARTENING news comes out of shepherd the flock in their immediate China. General Chiang Kaicenter. This will greatly enhance self- shek, President, announces that the propagation and self-support, and con- task of bringing the country under tinual progress can be made without one governmental authority has been additional expenditures from mission accomplished. For the first time since funds. Each group of such lay preach- the establishment of the Republic, in ers will be under the authority of a 1911, the eighteen provinces are pastor who has received Bible School united. And for the first time in training.-The Call. many months civil war dQes not seem to be on the immediate horizon. E. CHINA P. Goodrich, American city planning expert, has returned to the United Transfer of Administration .

THE complete transfer of all work and property of the North China Mission of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

States with the story of the new capi- cooperative societies. Money provided tal that is being built at Nanking. A by the China Famine Relief was loaned city capable of handling the 2,000,000 through these societies at six per cent, population that is expected has been instead of the current rates of fifteen, laid out. There wiIl be 300 miles of twenty, thirty, and sometimes fifty per modern streets in the city, 500 miles cent. in the suburbs. Government buildings, modern in every particular, wiIl The result, according to the Amerihouse 50,000 employees. An airport is can Board N eW8 Bulletin, is that "the already built and a subway projected. farmers are tided over the famine pe- China's exports to the United States, riod, thousands of lives are saved, new for the first half of 1929, amounted hope is given the entire community, lo- cal cooperation and initiative are ento $29,000,000, an increase of $3,500,- couraged, Christianity is commended 000 over the same period last year. as an affair of international brother- Most important of all, 3,000,000 copies hood and good will, and the danger of of the Bible have been sold in China pauperization is avoided." during the past nine months, an unequaled number, and the demand Such enterprises are a form of evanseems to be steadily increasing.- gelization, and a very high form.- Christian Herald. Christian Endeavor World.

Progress Undcr DlfIlculties Modern Medl.cine in China ACAREFUL perusal of the annual reports from scores of China In- MODERN medicine is becoming a land Mission stations in fifteen prov- factor in China as seen in the ac- inces of China confirms us in the astivities and plans of the National surance that, though the enemy Medical Association which is composed certainly intended evil against Christ's of Chinese doctors. It seeks to unify church in China, God meant it unto all medical societies into one. It con- good. Calvary was not the only occentrates on one medical periodical in casion when Satan overreached hima foreign language and one in Chinese. self. "He meaneth not so, neither It stands for the registration of medi- doth his heart think so," but the cal practitioners on a national basis. evacuation of 1927 has provided an It aims to publish a medical register opportunity, which conceivably might of all doctors and hospitals. It seeks, never otherwise have occurred for also, to grade medical schools on a the development of Chinese leaderdual system which will maintain a sat- ship, and many amongst the rank and isfactory standard of education and file of the church members, as well as yet allow-in the major group of pastors, evangelists and Bible women, schools-of a large production of able have found it good to lean on God practitioners to supply the needs of alone, and to prove His faithfulness. the country. The Association also cooperates with the Ministry of Health Suffering does not always refine, in the development of health service and there are centers where, as a reand personnel, and supports the Min- sult of bitter persecution, Christians istry in its efforts to centralize all gov- have compromised or even denied the ernment medical services. – Chinese faith, and the love of some has grown Recorder. cold. But, generally speaking, the statement of one of our missionaries Practical Minion Entcrprise that "where persecution has been less: fruit has been less," may be applied MISSIONARIES know how to help to the whole field, and not merely to in ways that Chinese appreciate. the area in Hunan, of which he was At Paotingfu, in order to aid viIlage speaking. At Yungfeng, in the same farmers in meeting the terrible fam- province, a non-Christian was heard ine conditions, they organized forty to Bay in reference to the Christians.

5

in that city, "The more they are per- Kwong P'ing is as true of other coun- secuted, the more they thrive!" ties. There are thirty-two "worst" counties in Hopei and Shantung, be- The income of the mission was sides as many more of second grade, $626,825.16 for the year 1927, and the and for many millions there is no crop favorable rate of exchange enabled till early fall.~Congrega.tionali8t. them to meet every need. The num- ber of. baptisms during the year was JAPAN AND KOREA 3,155~very encouraging in view of the decrease in active workers and the "Kingdom of God" Movement persecution that faces believers. THE "Million Souls for Christ" To Prevent Famine movement has a new name. It has become the "Kingdom of God" move- A'GREAT new irrigation project for ment in Japan, but retains the slogan the benefit of 400,000 acres in and goal. From most unexpected central China is now under way, in a circles interest in the new nation-wide section where the famine conditions program is appearing. Some have are especially acute. The work is said that the Young Men's and Wom- under the direction of The China In- en's Christian Associations have here- ternational Famine Relief Commis- tofore not identified themselves closely sion, and while the work is in progress with the churches, but now both as- at least 15,,000 will be employed and sociations are putting themselves receive pay in food for their starving squarely behind this united Christian families. campaign. The mayor of Tokyo re- cently offered Mr. Kagawa, initiator The project is being carried out on of the movement, a position as head a strictly loan basis, and one para- of the city social bureau at a salary graph of the contract "strictly pro- of Yen 18,000 ($9,000). Kagawa de- hibits the growing of opium poppies clined, but consented to serve as an upon any land in the new irrigation advisor, and from that position has distriet," a distance of about 70 miles. been recommending many improve- "This provision," says The New York ments in sanitary and housing condi- Times, "is considered of great im- tions in congested regions. He has portance, for today most of the irri- made specific recommendations to the gated land in Suiyuan, a famine- social relief department of the im- stricken province, is planted with perial government, and they in turn opium poppies instead of food crops." asked Kagawa to tell the nation what he has discovered, while efforts are Girls for Sale being made officially to help distress- ing conditions. Thus the "Kingdom FROM the first district of Kwong of God" movement is seen to be a pro- P'ing, one-sixth of the area, out of gram of both social and individual re- a normal population of 11,192, 2,206 demption. men and 1,156 women have emigrated ..since last December because of famine Since the average Japanese, even "conditions. From the fifth district the fisherman and farmer, can read ~3,1)18 persons have emigrated, while and enjoy doing so, he must be ap- ~recorded sales of children have been proached through the printed page, ',441 girls and 76 boys. Roads are which has easy access to his home and (dottaa with these people, most of them his leisure. The Christian forces of lbound for Manchuria, though none Japan have awakened to the value of are sure they will arrive. A cart load reading matter in determining a na- of 13 girls, seen on the way to a dis- tion's future. Five books on the Ser- tant province, were from 15 to 20 mon on the Mount have appeared in years of age, and would bring fifty to the past year, each from a different sixty dollars, Such carts are numer- point of view, and each valuable. ous, not to speak of more numerous Kagawa's newest book, "New Life ·wheelbarrows. What is described of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Through God," 200 pages, is to be cate channels through which the relipublished in a million copies and gious message is given directly to the girls. The baptisms this year number sold for 10 sen (5 cents). His tracts, twenty-seven. Forty-seven students a dozen of them, treating of various have been helping in eighteen differphases of Christian life and experi- ent places either in Sunday-school ence, have been printed in five million classes or by music."-Japan Mission lots and are being broadcast every- News Bulletin. where.-Christian Century.

The New Tokyo Y. M. C. A. Money Raising Methods T M HE fine new building for Korean R. 1M TEUK HO, graduate of a students in Tokyo was dedicated Bible school; has been a helper in on April 4th at the time of Dr. Mott's the Pyuktong work for five years. The visit to Japan. Forty-nine years from following two examples show his in- the time the first Y. M. C. A. was or- genuity in raising money for the ganized in Tokyo, the corner stone of church. The "Righteous Joy" church the new building was laid in the pres- has always had difficulty in making ence of a large number of Tokyo's ends meet. Mr. 1m suggested that the leading citizens. Dr. John R. Mott church rent a few rice fields, which wielded the first trowel, followed by they did. When it was time for weed- Baron Sakatani and Mr. Niwa, the ing, a day was set for all to come and first general secretary of the Tokyo weed the church rice. On arriving at Association. Dr. Mott challenged the the place after breakfast, Mr. 1m was youth of Tokyo to ever increasing and disappointed to find not a single per- expanding tasks. son present, but, on inquiry, found that all had come early, finished the weed- Japanese Students' Gifts ing and gone home. A fine crop was FOUR graduates of Kobe College, grown, and fifty yen was cleared for Japan, are coming to the United the church. Next year it is planned to States this year for advanced study, double the acreage.

and two members of the faculty, hav- At the "Round Spring" church, fuel ing received special recognition from is high and difficult to get. Some times the University of Michigan, are going worshippers must buy wood on Sunday there for advance study and research. morning and perhaps borrow themon- The Student Branch of the Japan ey to buy it. Mr. 1m suggested that a League of Nations AssoCiation has day in September be set aside to go out had vigorous officers that have secured to the mountains and gather wood, special speakers, held meetings for each household to supply either an the representatives of the World able-bodied person or a cart. In one Youth Congress, and engineered the day enough wood was procured to heat first Golden Rule Dinner for the whole the church all winter, and thirty yen school. The college Y. W. C. A. has were saved in the bargain. Mr. 1m's observed international prayer days, enthusiasm is contagious wherever he and, on the Sunday evening of th~ir goes. He is now half through his the- prayer week, seven members spoke in ological study.

as many different churches on their religious experiences. The usual con- Liberty and Purity T tribution of twenty dollars has been HREE times the Japanese Govern- ment has sought to set up a law sent to Means Institute in Dondi, West Central Africa, and another con- regulating religion and religious or- tribution to the Shanghai Y. W. C. A. ganizations. In 1899 there was the The Herald Bible Class, six Girl Re- "Bureaucratic Yamagata Religions serve Clubs, a Christian Endeavor So- Bill"; in 1927 the "Okada Religions ciety, summer camps, and the national Bill"; this year there is the "Religious ''Y'' conference are names that indi- Organizations Bill." In each case the

Government has had to yield to popu- Chapel, where they went into the lar protest, which speaks well for the thronging thoroughfares and literally public attitude of the Japanese on the "compelled men to come in" to hear general problem of religious liberty. the Gospel. Through this agency Against the last bill ten Christian de- many hundreds of men and women nominations, comprising seven hun- have been brought to Christ; during dred and seventy-four local churches, the first six months of its existence took formal action. To these must be 1,553 persons declared their intention added one hundred and seventy-six lo- of becoming followers of Christ.

cal churches belonging to other The Women's Bible Instttute Com- groups. This means that seventy-six mittee also reports a splendid year.

per cent of local Protestant churches Under its care six classes are held an- have registered against the bill. Other nually in the city, for city and country religious groups, notably the Bud- women. Of these one class of two dhists Believers' Alliance, which com- weeks' duration was attended by over prises members of all sects, joined in a thousand women and girls, who slept this protest. in every available space, cooked their Japan is developing a vigorous cam- meals in relays, put up with all sorts paign for the abolition of licensed of privations, and had a wonderful prostitution. Public opinion, in which time. Including the Bible Institute the Christian voice sounds clearly, is proper, these Bible Institute classes becoming vocal. In the fall of 1928, enrolled 1,540 women, who studied abolition petitions were circulated in from one to ten weeks. Perhaps the thirteen prefectures and signed by 88,- most important of the classes is that 530 supporters. To these 15,000 names . for volunteer workers, where ninety were added later by the Purity Society. picked women were thoroughly pre- Newspaper comments were mostly in pared for holding classes throughout favor of the abolition measures. Thus the territory during the winter. These after fifteen years of effort the aboli- country classes are held for one week tion of licensed prostitution is rapidly each, and last winter reached 9,077 becoming a matter of practical poli- women in 238 churches, not including tics.–Ckinese Recorder. the hundreds who were unable to study more than two or three days Good Ne…… from Pyeng-Yang and therefore were not enrolled. Dur- THE Men's Bible Institute of ing the s e classes house-to-house Pyeng-Yang, which annually runs preaching is a regular part of the protwo terms of five or six weeks each, gram and the zeal and earnestness of has this year attained not only Korean the country women brought many representation on the Board of Directors, but definite financial aid from hundreds of their sisters into the each of the three presbyteries. The church. In some places as many as interest of the church in general in fifty or sixty women professed con- version during the one week.

Bible study is keen, and 152 men took this opportunity for intensive study ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC last winter. One enthusiastic gradu- Transformed Islands C ate, who is now a helper in a mountain APTAIN SIMPSON, who visited the Treasury Islands, far out in territory, induced eight young men from his small churches to attend the the Pacific Ocean, in 1872, described Institute, three of them coming from the people as the most treacherous one tiny group where there are only and bloodthirsty of any known sav- five baptized members. Zeal for per- ages. About seven years before that, sonal work and prayer, as well as the natives had cut out a barque and Bible study, was manifest among the had murdered her crew of 33 men.

students. One night a week they had Previously they had captured several charge of the West Gate Street boats of whalers visiting the islands,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and had murdered the crews. The from the sale of these two articles help captain, whose name the natives pro- to provide such foreign food as is es- nounced "Hoody," was carried away sential, clothing, school requisites, into the interior of the island and medicines, soap and kerosene.

kiIled. In these islands there used to Students must be Christians and prevail a recognized system of slave church members before going to the traffic in which a human being became institute for the four-year course.

a marketable commodity, being bought They are taught to speak, read and for goods of either native or foreign write English more perfectly; also manufacture. Raids were made on arithmetic, geography, singing and BougainviIle coastal villages to pro- carpentry. Knowledge of the Bible cure slaves. and Christian truths are the chief sub- The natives of the Treasury Group jects.-On Continent and Island.

have always believed in a good spirit, who lives in a good land whither all Sixty Yea.rs of Progress in Hawaii T men who have lived good lives go HE Honolulu Y. M. C. A. has just celebrated its 60th anniversary. after death, but all bad folk are transplanted into the crater of "Bagana," The first president, Sanford B. Dole, the burning volcano of Bougainville, who died recently, was known which is the home of the evil spirit. throughout the Archipelago as the But times are changed and today Grand Old Man of Hawaii. There are the present population of the Treasury now a whole series of Associations at Islands, numbering about 150, are Honolulu, one for young Americans, Christian people. They are earnest one for Asiatics, who now form the in their attendance at "Lotu"; they largest part of the population (the gave last year nearly £150 as a free Chinese Association goes back to 1876, gift to the work of God; they are con- long before the beginning of the move- structing a "model village" under the ment in China itself) and Associa- superintendence of their Fijian Cate- tions for soldiers, sailors and students.

chist; they are sending out teachers One of the most interesting pieces of to Bougainville to the peoples from work being done by the Y. M. C. A.

whom a few generations ago they ob- in Hawaii is that among the planters tained their "slaves"; in fact, are of the county districts, which is a sending back to their native lands as model of disinterested and efficient "Heralds of the Kingdom" the very work.

natives whom they obtained so long ago as children.-The Open Door. NORTH AMERICA To SteD1 AtheisJll Native Teachers for Ne…. Hebrides HE American Tract Society is T ANGOA, a small island of the New planning an aggressive campaign THebrides, has a training institute against atheism. The General Secrefor native teachers, and is supported tary, Dr. W. H. Matthews, reports by the different Presbyterian churches that atheistic associations are working of New Zealand, Victoria, New South hand in hand with those who handle Wales and Tasmania. The students do the vast amount of Russian propa- a great deal towards the upkeep of the ganda which is sent to our shores, in institution. Time is set apart for them which God and Christ are ridiculed to work in their gardens, growing such and cartooned in blasphemous fashion.

native foods as yam, taro, manioe, ku- He also reports larger grants of Chris- mara, pumpkins, maize, etc. A coconut tian literature for the past year than plantation has been established in con- in any year for half a century. A nection with the institute. So many substantial increase in endowment hours in the week the students collect during the year, more Annuity Bonds the nuts and make them into copra. written than in any year of its his- They also grow cotton. The proceeds tory, and several new and important

undertakings in which the Society is numbers of stateroom, dining and deck now engaged, have also been reported. stewards, bakers, engineers, firemen, A splendid Slovak hymnal, ranking etc., whose business it is to minister with the best English hymnals pub- to the welfare of passengers. Single lished, has just been taken off the Atlantic liners employ as many as a press, and a new Spanish hymnal, in thousand individuals. These men who both words and music edition, is now "go down to the sea in ships" represent in process of printing. The Society many nationalities, and come to New reports advance orders for over 15,000 York from every port on earth. copies of this new hymnaI.-New York Times. The New York Bible Society is seek- ing to furnish the Scriptures to these Missionary Research Library hundreds of thousands of men who an- nually visit America's greatest port. DURING July the Missionary Re- search Library was removed to Conferences for Colored Women the Brown Memorial Tower at Union Theological Seminary, New York. For THREE annual Conferences for three months the engineering and Colored Women were held in June construction work incidental to equip- of the present year: one at Bennett ping much of this tower for library College, Greensboro, N. C.; another uses has been going on. Six levels of at Jefferson City, Mo.; and the third steel book stacks have been erected, at Knoxville, Tenn. The mornings the lower five levels of which have were occupied with Bible classes, disbeen assigned to the Missionary Re- cussions of Sunday-school methods, search Library. practical talks on home nursing; while the afternoons were taken up In the reading room of the Mission- with handicraft, such as sewing, basary Research Library will be found ket making and weaving. Lectures, the current periodicals, new books, demonstrations and pageantry occumajor reference works, card catalog, pied the evenings. The delegates were and reading tables. responsive, appreciative and eager to learn. Two definite objectives were The Library Committee now con- emphasized as a means of fixing the sists of the following: Representing impressions r-eceived: week-day Bible the Foreign Missions Conference, classes and the daily vacation Bible Robert E. Speer, John R. Edwards, school. There can be no question of Miss Sarah S. Lyon, Leslie B. Moss, the real and permanent benefit of Cornelius H. Patton; representing these conferences, for the testimonials Union Theological Seminary, Henry are such as the following: One dele- Sloane Coffin, Daniel J. Fleming, Wil- gate said that she started a comliam W. Rockwell. munity club three years ago from what she had learned at the confer- Bibles for Seamen ence, and that now she could report a community house built and paid for. I T IS estimated that on anyone day Another said that she was beginning there are 20,000 seamen in the port her fifth D. V. B. S. as soon as she of New York, the average stay being reached home, and would have many three days. If one should multiply new ideas and plans to try which had these figures by the days in the year been given her by Miss Kate DuBose it is easy to see the vast number of in her talk on this subject. A third men who annually come. delegate said that she had never really known before what it was to be a These figures, however, do not tell Christian, and another said that she the whole story, for there are barge- had never known how to pray until men, rivermen, fishermen and long- she learned at the conference. shoremen of whom no record whatever is made. In addition, there are on every great passenger steamship large

1929J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK 807:'

The Menace of Mormonism missionaries and their property; and,. Further, we instruct the Board or MORMONISM is not dying out. A gain of over 25,000 adherents is Foreign Missions to petition the Presreported by Dr. Carroll in 1928. The ident of the United States, and the system has doubled in 25 years and Department of State, to take any steps now claims a total of 670,000 follow- that may be necessary, to provide that ers. Practically every new convert has hereafter when conditions arise leadbeen a member of the Christian ing the Department of State to con- Church. The Utah Gospel Mission of sider it unwise or unsafe for Ameri- Cleveland carries on practically the can citizens to remain in a certain teronly true Christian service among the ritory, those who temporarily desire 500,000 people in Mormon land. They to renounce the protection of the have had 413,000 persons at special United States, while remaining in meetings, have made 430,000 careful that territory, may do so without forgospel calls, have used about 35 mil- feiting their citizenship, and without lion pages of gospel print, and have involving the State Department or the sold or given away 40,000 Bibles and United States Government in case Testaments. Their traveling would such citizens receive personal injury; equal six times around the globe, with and three calls to the mile, 71 pages of print at a call, and a Bible or other The General Conference desires to Christian book at every tenth home. record its conviction that the foreign missionary enterprise is a spiritual The field reaches from Utah into ad- and moral, and not a political, enterjoining states, and up into Canada, prise, and its work should be carried west to California, and south into on within two great rights alone, the Mexico. The work of the Utah Gospel right of religious freedom for all Mission is first, to visit every home for men, and the maintenance by each naa half-hour explaining of the printed tion of law and order for all within matter given; second, Bible work, an its bounds. endeavor to supply each home with a Bible and Gospel song book; and third, A Friend of the Indian to hold one or more evangelistic meetings in every settlement. All work- OUR remaining Indian population, ers are unsalaried, to avoid Mormon according to the census of 1920, prejudice. Men who can serve a year is 244,437. States having more than or more without return beyond ex- 5.000 range as follows: Oklahoma, penses are asked to communicate with 57,337; Arizona, 32,989; New Mexthe Utah Gospel Mission, Cleveland, ico, 19,512; California, 17,360; South Ohio.-Record of Christian Work. Dakota, 16,384; North Carolina, 11,- 824; Montana, 10,956; Wisconsin, Missionary Protection 9,611 ; Washington, 9,061; Minnesota, 8,761; North Dakota, 6,254; Mich- APRONOUNCEMENT of the Gen- igan, 5,614; New York, 5,503. eral Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church dealing directly President Hoover's Commissioner with missionaries, reads as follows: of Indian Affairs is Mr. Charles James Rhoads, President of the Indian Resolved, That the protection of Rights Association. He has been missionaries should only be by such called the "modern friend of the Inmethods as will promote good will in dians." The future policy outlined by personal and official relations, and we Secretary Wilbur, and the new Comurge upon the Board of Foreign Mis- missioner stresses an increasing share sions and the Woman's Foreign Mis- of state responsibility for the Insionary Society to continue their pol- dian's welfare and progress. Overicy of making no claim on our govern- hauling of the Indian Bureau's mament for the armed defense of their chinery may be expected from Mr. Rhoads.-Literary Digest.

'Vhapel for Indian Students LATIN AMERICA SHERMAN INSTITUTE, Riverside, A Religious Awakening . California, one of the outstanding STRANGE movements and awaken- Government nonreservation boarding ings are being felt in South Amerschools for Indian boys and girls, has ica, says a prominent cabinet member. an enrollment of about nine hundred "Men not in the ministry of any students. Some years ago the River- church are beginning to write about side Federation of Churches asked the Christ and there are signs of a need Home Missions Council to cooperate being felt and confessed, and men are in the building of a chapel for the use asking to have that need satisfied in of the students of this school, which the Divine." This awakening is would represent united Protestantism. neither Catholic nor Protestant, and The Home Missions Council agreed to no one personality is the leader of it. ask its constituent boards to contrib- Among the laymen prominently conute six thousand dollars to this enter- nected with it are the Chief Justice prise. The Riverside Federation of of the Supreme Court of Porto Rico, Churches secured most of the funds the rector of the University of Mexfor this $30,000 building. In June ico, a former Argentine Minister of the Home Missions Council was able Education, and the rector of the Unito complete its promise of financial as- versity of Buenos Aires, one of the sistance, and on July 1st the Board most eminent literary men of South of Trustees of the Riverside Church America and author of a recent book, Federation met and paid the last note "The Invisible Christ." These men held against the property. Sherman have known little of one another and Institute is the only Government In- the likeness of their new religious exdian school where students can wor- periences. The Y. M. C. A. was ship in a Protestant interdenomina- sought to bring them together, to tional chapel, and is a splendid ex- give them a platform, and to carry ample of financial cooperation by home their message to the cultural centres mission and church extension boards of Latin America. Its reception in the in providing a place of worship for universities is remarkable when it is Indian students. The denominational remembered that for many years the groups who participated in this proj- intellectuals of these countries have reect are: American Baptist Home Mis- jected all religion as having no objecsion Society; Congregational Church tive validity for the indiVidual or Extension Boards; Executive Com- society. mittee of Indians Affairs of the Friends; Board of American Mis- Campaign Against Alcohol sions, United Lutheran Church; Board of Home Missions and Church MEXICO seems likely to keep step Extension, Met hod i s t Episcopal with the United States in an ef- Church; Board of National Missions, fort to educate her people against the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.; Board liquor evil. Eseqiel Padilla, Secretary of American Missions, United Pres- of Education in Mexico, has issued byterian Church of N. A.; Board of some striking posters in a campaign to substitute competitive athletics for Home Missions, Reformed Church in drinking bouts, and in the interests of health offers to assist intercity U. S.; Board of Missions, Christian "meets" by subsidies and government direction. These posters contrast the Reformed Church. sturdy athlete and the weakened sot. An appeal is also made. to laborers with An interdenominational religious a picture of a drunkard kicked out of a job. work director is maintained at this President Portes Gil has taken a sehool by the Home Missions Council and Council of Women for Home Missions, who comes into touch with more than 700 Indian boys and girls.

1929J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

strong stand against drinking, gam- by the Disciples Church at Asuncion, bling and vice, and has already en- is a shining example of unsectarian, listed a large amount of public sup- but thoroughly Christian, education. port in his efforts to free Mexico from The aim is not to proselyte from the this curse. Roman church, but to give a Chris- tian training to Paraguayan young The Me:rlean IndJ&D.I people and then allow them to work out the implications of that training I N MEXICO is found a new interest for themselves. Although but eight in the Indian. The Christian lead- years old, it has greatly influenced ers are beginning to feel a responsi- both the public and parochial schools bility for his salvation, the general of the country. public begins to realize that something should be done, and the National Gov- The most recent sign of progress in ernment is taking direct steps for his Paraguay has been the advent of the education. These things are new. The Mennonites, who are migrating from National Government is sending teach- Canada because of the discriminations ers into the outlying tribes to teach which they experienced during and the Indians to read and write. To the after the war. These people have amazement of all, not only are the wandered over the earth for many children being sent, but the old Indian, years seeking a refuge where they after a heavy day's work, weary and can live their lives in their own way worn, comes with his child's book in without being called upon to particione hand and his candle in the other, pate in warfare. Paraguay has promto night school, a thing unheard of ised to leave them in perpetual peace, in other days or other lands. In some and they are settling on a remote tract cases, where the funds are low, the of land. They will contribute to teacher has remained and has done his Paraguay a wholesome example of inwork for nothing, except his board, dustry and religious sincerity.-Conreceived from the Indians. The Gov- gre gationalist. ernment is interested solely from a social standpoint, but at least it shows EUROPE the new awakening among the Indians themselves as well as the government's Flocks Without Pastors new interest in them. It is imperative that those who are interested in the DR. ADOLPH KELLER, Director Indians be alert to take advantage of of the Central European Bureau these movements for his eternal well for Interchurch Aid, describes the being. With the awakening of the condition of evangelical churches in Indian and his uplift the entire life Russia. of Mexico will be greatly altered.- L. L. Letgers, Pioneer Mission Agency. "While the Lutheran parishes in Russia, scattered all over the country Paraguay Ma.kes Advance as far as Siberia, succeeded in build- ing up a new church with about PARAGUAY is the most remote of eighty pastors, the Reformed parishes the South American countries, and have been nearly all destroyed. Most has been commonly regarded as the of them have lost their pastors. Some most backward. Asuncion, the capital, of them still have their buildings, but lacks telephones, city water, and sew- are always in fear lest the enemies of age facilities. So frequent have been all religion shall take them away. The revolutions that in fifty years only congregations assemble in these one president has completed his term. churches, praying and singing their While nominally Catholic, there is hymns, and looking for a pastor." widespread indifference to religion. The Colegio Internacional, maintained Russian refugees in France are said to number about a million, some 80,000 being in and around Paris, with only a small percentage in any religious organization. This presents

a field for Christian effort, since these exceed £20 per year as compared with hapless people are more accessible a probable £50 per year from her than when reinstated in their own previous business, she has found land. Pastor Paul Rogosine, at the Christ.-The Christian. instance of American friends, has organized preaching centers in Paris, In the Vosges, France Lyons, Marseilles and Nice. FOR some time Mr.. Frank Reece Mavi, the Witch has been laboring in the Vosges district of eastern France. In a recent HUMANLY speaking, there was letter he says: "The work in the probably no one further from Vosges gives much cause for praise, God in the whole province of Spezia, but also calls for earnest prayer. Italy, than Mavi, a witch, whose life During the last three years we have seemed to have been sold to the devil been as pioneers, scattering the Word himself. Her reputation extended far of Life. At the beginning of this year across the mountains, and in addition God gave us a hall in the town of St. to "love potions" or "medicine" to Die, and for the last four months the make an enemy ill, Mavi made images. pure Gospel of Christ has been pro- All this proved a lucrative business, claimed twice weekly to an ignorant and as Mavi was only a young woman but hungry audience. God has enin her thirties, she was assured of an couraged us in leading souls to Caleasy and cdmfortable living for the vary. I have just returned from rest of her life. One evening Mavi another visit to the markets and fairs was in the city, buying necessary of the Vosges, where great opporthings for her witches' business, when tunities are always found to distribshe passed Casa Alberto-headquar- ute the Word. Multitudes gathered ters of the Spezia Mission for Italy- round our little table to hear the Word where a service was being held. The of Life in different places, while we sweet singing of the orphan girls at- sold 237 Bibles and Testaments, and tracted her attention, and she entered gave away some 8,000 Gospels and the church, listened eagerly to the tracts. We are also sowing by post, singing, came again and again and at and sending out Christian literature last requested admission to the church. to some twenty French-speaking coun- It was put definitely before Mavi that tries. The French Bible Dictionary, if she accepted Jesus Christ, that her two parts of which have now been witchcraft business must cease, and printed, is highly appreciated.-The the mission could not make up any fi- Christian. nancial loss which this involved: it must be her sacrifice for her Lord. It Samokov Boys Fire Fighters was not an easy decision, and Mavi went to her home on the mountain side T HE Samokov boys' school of the to face the issue. Sofia American College, Bulgaria, provides the 10,000 inhabitants of At the end of a week she returned Samokov with fire protection. Dr. with beaming face, and said, "I have Edward B. Haskell reports that the decided; myoid business is finished. boys of the Samokov school have been I want to live for Jesus Christ." And trained by the faculty in the technique so Mavi was received into the church. of fire fighting. The town supplies She has remained faithful for over them with equipment: hand pump, twenty years, is stilI one of the most ladders, and buckets. Among other regular attendants, and has had the exploits this volunteer school fire comjoy of bringing both her husband and pany has the record of having saved her son to a knowledge of the truth. the public school building of the town. She has found an occupation as a For this act the city presented the maker of wooden sandals, and al- boys with several thousand Livas as a though her present income would not token of appreciation.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Mission schools are not conducted 9. The bringing to bear of Christian in order to train fire fighters, but as influence for the establishment of right a side line fire fighting is a good exer- racial relations, and cooperation for cise for boys who are to spend their this purpose with the proposed Indus- lives in service.-The Congregation- trial Institute. alist. 10. Prayer for the raising up of men AFRICA and women of outstanding gifts forposi- tions of Christian leadership in Africa Missionary Cooperation and support for efforts in different countries to secure for African mission- REPRESENTATIVES of American aries the best possible equipment for mission agencies having work in their task. Africa, met in July with those of Great Britain and the continent to dis- Methodism in Africa cuss the possibility of developing a larger degree ot" cooperation in deal- THE first foreign missionary of the ing with the vast problems of Africa. Methodist Episcopal Church was A suggested program was drawn up Melville B. Cox, who sailed for Liberia for transmission to the International in 1832. Today the church has five Missionary Council, which adopted conferences in Central and South the following program: Africa, not to mention the North Africa Conference. In these five con- 1. Exploration of the best means of ferences the Methodist Church has furthering and realizing the evangelistic 123 missionaries, 113 ordained naaims of the Christian missions in Africa. tional preachers and 547 unordained national preachers, while 258 other 2. The development of a program of nationals are serving as teachers, doc- Christian education in Africa as a means tors, nurses and in other capacities of realizing this missionary purpose, connected with mission institutions. with special reference to—- The membership of the church is (a) The improvement of religious 34,180, in addition to which 2,500 education. children are under instruction pre- paratory to being received into the (b) The Christianization of Africa's membership. In 447 Sunday-schools womanhood and home life. more than 30,000 pupils are enrolled. The conferences own 391 church (c) The development of African lead- buildings. About 25,000 boys. and ership. girls are enrolled in the day schools. Each conference has a training school (d) Meeting the needs of rural com- for the preparation of young men as munities. pastor-teachers, and each has an agri- cultural station demonstrating to se- 3. The development of a health pro- lected students and to the whole coungram for African missions with special tryside the benefits of modern farming reference to- methods. In 1927 the African Meth- odists contributed the sum of $53,000 (a) A comprehensive program for use for the carrying on of their own in schools. Christian activities.-World Service News. (b) Cooperation with governments in attack on disease. Adva.nce in Central Africa (c) The creation of an African health AFTER a carefully made survey of staff of doctors, medical assistants, .f. the region, the Zambesi Indusdressers and nurses. trial Mission is founding a station in 4. Furtherance of the work of the a thickly populated region known as Christian Literature Committee for Mavuradonna, partly in Portuguese Africa. territory, and partly in the extreme 5. Cooperation with other agencies in the endeavor to understand, conserve and develop what is valuable in African cultures and institutions.

6. The occupation of the field and the avoidance of overlapping.

7. The encouragement and development of Christian Councils in the Continent of Africa and the cooperation with existing Councils.

8. Approach to governments where necessary, in regard to questions involving the relations of missions and governments.

north of British South Rhodesia. The 1,619 inquirers, those who had made two pioneer workers are Mr. Edwin a profession, but who were awaiting Price, a man of large experience, who further instruction before being bapwent to Central Africa thirty-five tized. Boma is headquarters and port years ago, and has a great record of of entry to the field. The church here labor and witness in connection with has 110 members. That of Nlemba is the Zambesi Industrial Mission and in charge of a native pastor, with a the South Africa General Mission, membership of 44. A blind woman which is assisting in the new sphere; walked in two days a distance of and Mr. Leonard DearIe, a young man twenty miles, over rough native trails, who has had some years of experience to be baptized and received into in Christian work among soldiers, church fellowship. At Vunga there and is now completing his course in has been continuous revival, resulting the Mission Training Colony, Upper in 166 baptisms. All stations report Norwood. The work thus to be opened largely increased offerings, some as gives promise of extraordinary inter- much as one hundred per cent. One est, and the pioneers hope to keep in station sent a part of the offering to touch with the "ropeholders" by regu- the support of Jewish work in New lar correspondence.-The Christian. York City.-AUiance Weekly.

A Tuskegee in Liberia Fighting Yaws in Liberia ONE of the promising plans is that DR. MAASS, of the Episcopal Hos- of the Booker T. Washington Ag- . pital at Bolahun, Liberia, writes ricultural and Industrial Institute in The Living Church of the effort to to be established in Liberia in co- stamp out yaws, a peculiar skin disoperation with Tuskegee Institute. ease prevalent on the west coast of Miss Olivia Phelps Stokes long de- Africa. During the first five months sired to see a Tuskegee Institute es- of the year the hospital cared for 11,- tablished in Africa, preferably in 115 patients, of whom exactly half Liberia in which she and other mem- were suffering with yaws. The effect bers of her family were deeply inter- of the past two years' intensive treatested. Before her death she made an ment of the disease is very marked offer of a gift of $25,000 to the Meth- and encouraging. The number of odist Board to found such an Institute, cases of fresh yaws coming from provided the board would furnish a Liberia is very low, compared with similar amount and an adequate year- what it was at the beginning of the ly maintenance. President King, of anti-yaws campaign. It may be rea- Liberia, believes this of so great im- sonably said that yaws is now under portance that he is asking the govern- control in Liberia, and the effect of ment to supply one half the costs of this will be felt especially by the maintenance. President Moton of adolescent generation. This is re- Tuskegee plans to cooperate by having markable, as the result was achieved a representative teacher from Tuske- by a stationary polyclinic. gee on the school staff and provide scholarships for promising graduates Dr. Maass also writes, "An investito come over to Tuskegee. for study. gation into the infant mortality which promises very interesting results, has Fruitful Year in the Congo not yet been concluded." The value of such an investigation can be imag- T HE year 1928 has been the best ined when one is reminded that no- in the history of the Christian and where in native Africa is the infant Missionary Alliance Mission in the mortality less than 400, that is, 400 Congo. Those added to the churches out of every thousand of all babies by baptism numbered 1,589, while 197 born die before they are twelve backsliders were restored to fellow- months old-and in some sections it ship. In addition to these, there were is as high as 700.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

"Persia Old and New." By W. Wilson Arab Moslem invasion and conquest dCoans.h. 11922m9.o. 72 pp. 1 shilling. Lon- continues with the modern religiou~ This excellent little book is one movements, from within-in particuamong the growing indications that lar Babism and its better known suc- Persia is coming to her own. With cessor Bahaiism. There is also a sigevery mark of a sympathetic and com- nificant discussion of the waning prehending observer it is a welcome place of Mohammedanism, the domiaddition to our missionary literature nant religion of the country. "Islam on this little known country. Persia is behind." The part played in has been off the beaten track of travel, modernization, and de-Islamization by and has remained isolated and un- the Shah Riza Khan is strikingly known; it has in the same way been brought out.

largely absent from our literature The main purpose of the book is and is one of the least known of the clearly stated in the "Foreword" as Asiatic countries. All this is gradu- "..• it may help those who are supally changing, as Mr. Cash so well porting the work' of the C. M. S., to shows. Little by little Persia is see how wonderfully God is blessing emerging into the modem world; and the work of the society in this, one little by little books of travel, per- of the hardest of fields abroad." This sonal or official experience, and re- explains the lack of a more inclusive Jigious discussion, are creating a pic- treatment and the larger space deture of this backward but appealing voted to the work of the C. M. S. But country. This particular book is al- this makes the volume all the more most alone in its particular field, and informing to American readers, who therefore meets a real need. may be somewhat familiar with the American Presbyterian work in west- The first chapter compactly sketches ern Persia. The work of the C. M. S. this "coming of the new day" in has been remarkable and inspiring, as Persia. One sees the contrasts of the so graphically brought out in these ancient past, with all its power and chapters, and is full of instructivesplendor, then the more recent cen- turies, with their decline, stagnation ness for other workers.

and sterility, and lastly the recent The closing chapter on the challengdecades, particularly the decade since ing question of the future for a uni- the war, with their unmistakable and fied Persian church, reports the adsustained, though not sensational, mirable cooperation between the C. M. transition toward modern levels of S. and the American Presbyterian life. A great deal of illuminating in- missions, and the courageous, forformation on Persia's recent progress ward-looking, prayerful spirit of the -physically, socially, educationally embryo Persian church. The serious and politically, is tellingly outlined. and slightly troubling interrogation lingers in the mind of the reader, as The book continues with a chapter apparently it does in the mind of the on "Religious Movements in Persia" writer as to whether the Church at which, beginning with the early home will rise above tradition and ordays of Christianity in Persia and the 813

ganization and be equal to the situa- in common with many others which had launched similar movements, emtion. Herein lies the immediate spe- barrassed by an enlarged work greater than could be sup:ported by its normal cial message of this book for those income.

who have anything to do with the The Memphis Conference, where the sixteen addresses in this volume were work in Persia. Shall this small, delivered, was the beginning of an effort, in which nearly all the other young, struggling but hopeful church churches are likewise engaged, to re- lieve their embarrassment by revitalreceive a full measure of cooperation izing their missionary spirit and con- sciousness, rather than by movements and inspiration fro m the older of curtailment and retreat. On ac- count of the multitude of new probchurches in working out unfetered its lems springing up in the conduct of missions in recent years, a book like own Persian development and des- this one is especially welcomed.

tiny. E. M. DODD. The first three addresses of this con- ference were by Dr. E. Stanley Jones Judson of Burma. By Alfred Mathieson. of India, probably the greatest mis- Illustrated. 8vo. 191 pp. 2 shillings. sionary advocate of modern times. His topics were, "Why We Go as Mis- London and Glasgow. sionaries," "Jesus Christ," and "The Sacrifice of Self." In the second ad- Mr. Mathieson's book is thrown into dress he discusses the question, "Does shabby contrast by Miss Morrow's Gandhi Need Christ?" and presents in colorful narrative, "Splendor of God." a very forceful way the danger beset- The British biography is a book of ting the missionary enterprise, in the facts-much too condensed facts, as modern effort to avoid an unsympathe author himself laments-laid out thetic attitude toward the adherents on the plan of the conventional birth- of the non-Christian religions, or failto-death biography with plenty of ing to emphasize the exclusive and rather trivial juvenilia, and written universal claim of Christianity. in a diction wholly unimaginative and occasionally ungrammatical. "Ann of Another thought provoking and Ava," by Miss Hubbard, and Dr. Ed- very eloquent discussion on the same ward Judson's comprehensive biog- general topic is that of Bishop Warraphy are vastly better. The main ren A. Candler in Chapter VIII, on lines of the stern and tragic pioneer "The Supreme Saviour and His Suappear the more stark and impressive preme Salvation." Read especially for the bareness of their surround- what he says on pages 155-158, on the ings, and Mr. Mathieson did well to false idea of Christianity as a "westdraw them judiciously and extensively ern religion." "It does not advance," (the whole prison episode, for ex- he says truly, "by any process of ample) by direct quotation from let- amalgamation with the prevalent ters and journals. The book is totally cults of any land. Both the Occident unimaginative and very brief; but and the Orient must take it as it is, contains the chief facts of Judson's without any modification of its essenlife made available for those to whom tial truths." the richer works are not accessible. Two other interesting addresses are R. P. CURRIER. those of President Y. C. Yang of Soochow University on "The Present The Missionary Imperative. Edited by Situation in China," and of Rev. Elmer T. Clark. 256 pp. $2.00. Wladislaw Dropiowski, Director of Nashville, Tenn. 1929. the Methodist work in Poland, giving Immediately after the World War the M. E. Church, South, sought to save its missionary situation by its great Centenary Movement, resulting in a church-wide missionary awakening, and incidentally, in the collection of approximately $35,000,000 for missionary purposes. In the inevitable temporary reaction following all such movements that church found itself,

BOOKS WORTH READING

a pathetic and illuminating account of ily, all mutually dependent on the others and all subordinate to the state. his experiences in finding his way out The chapter on Mussolini the reof the superstitions and corruptions former is most interesting, for he certainly has introduced many reof Polish Romanism to the experience forms. The first thing he did was to purge the payroll of all unnecessary of a simple faith in Christ, and of the employees and insisted on punctuality, economy and honesty in government. joy and satisfaction which such a He himself set the example by work- ing from 8 a. m. to 8 p. m., and fixing faith inspires. "I have the feeling," his own salary at 40,000 lire per year, a little more than $2,000, and doing he says, "of a migratory bird, which the work of seven men for the salary of one. Then the abolition of graft, after flying over the stormy oceans, the closing of 25,000 saloons in one year, in forbidding blasphemy and inrests upon the shore and bathes its decent literature, in putting a tax on the unmarried and with that money, wings in the sunshine." Those en- about 50,000,000 lire, to maintain maternity houses, orphanages and gaged in promotional work in any homes for poor children. There are no beggars in the streets of Italy any church will find much in it that is sug- more; strikes and lockouts are forbid- den by law, cleanliness and industry gestive, stimulating and helpful in can be seen everywhere, and laws are enforced without fear or favor. These these addresses. S. H. CHESTER. are only a few of the improvements Mussolini has wrought. It is a new Mussollni and the New Italy. Alexander Italy which exists today, totally dif- Robertson, of Venice. 156 pp. $2.00. ferent from the Italy of the past. New York. 1929. Everything is changed for the better, Americans regard Mussolini as the and the people are vastly improved, materially, morally and spiritually. most interesting and talked of person in the world; he is regarded by many The book also quotes some of Mus- Italians as the greatest man their solini's cryptic sayings which will go race has produced and a star of the down in history. When he was a solfirst magnitude. dier he said: The .present volume introduces the "If I advance, follow me! If I rereader to this world figure. The treat, kill me! If I am killed avenge author, a foreigner and a Protestant, me!" a Wesleyan minister fOl: many years in Italy, cannot be said to be biased When a Prime Minister, he said: in favor of Mussolini. He depicts the "All within the State; nothing out- Duce and his new Italy and leaves the side the State; nothing agaInst the reader to draw conclusions. This is State." not a philosophical treatise on fascism, "Perish my own party, if it be necesbut the author is like a guide who sary for the common good." takes you to the places connected with Mussolini's eventful life, from the Here are some sayings which show cradle to Palazzo Ghigi, and you feel him a reformer: that you are having an audience with When he was expelled from the Sothe Duce. cialist party, he said: You see Mussolini the boy, the la- "Notwithstanding all this, I feel that borer, the journalist, the soldier, and God has destined me for great things." the Fascist-all the varied phases of his adventurous life. After the war, he said: "We call Almighty God, and the The chapter on "Mussolini the Demo- spirits of our five hundred thousand crat" is enlightening, for we regarded him as an autocrat, but in the light of what has been accomplished in Italy, he is regarded now as the best democrat, for, although invested with dictatorial powers, the aim has been to unite all the people in one Italian brotherhood, where employer and employed, rich and poor, master and servant are unified in one great fam-

dead, to witness that one sole impulse the problems of the government of- constrains us, one sole wish unites 1!-s, ficials trying to develop an educational one sole passion inflames us, to contrlbute to the safety and greatness of our system and those of the poor Indian country." trying to make a little patch of farm And the book closes with this: land feed and clothe his family. "Mussolini has never shown himself a The author is not engaging in truer or a greater reformer than when he uttered in public these memorable propaganda, nor is he striving to make words: out a case either for or against Mexico. "'The New Testament is the greatest book that I know of in the world.''' He is chiefly concerned that Americans shall know and understand the Mexi- cans, because he knows and loves them There are some who hope that Mus- both. ANDREW J. KANE.

solini, after he shall have made Italy Rivershade. A Historical Sketch of Kiangyin Station, China. By Lacy L. stronger, will become a true religious Little. Booklet. 75c. Nashville, Tenn. 1928. reformer. STEPHEN L. TESTA. Dr. Little has given us a stimulating The Why and How of the Women's Mis- sionary Union. Wilma Geneva Bucy. picture of what one mission station 69 pp. Washington. 1928. in China is like. Multiply this by a thousand and we gain some idea of the This excellent handbook, thorough kind of work our missionaries are doand well written, gives all the informa- ing. Kiangyin is a Southern Presbytion that workers need to have re- terian station and represents true garding the W. M. U. It is being used spiritual ideals and methods, with the as a study book this year. power of the Holy Spirit working through the missionaries. The early Jll:exlco, Past and Present. George B. Win- missionaries were pioneers and lived ton. 296 pages. Cokesbury Press. through hardships and riots but reaped Nashville. 1928. a harvest through medical, evangelistic A number of years ago Dr. Winton and educational work. gave us a little book on Mexico which for a long period remained one of the River Plate RepUbliCS. By Webster E. few works on that much-discussed Browning. 8 vo. 139 pp. 58. London. country adapted to people whose time 1928. is limited and yet who desire an ac- curate and well balanced picture of the This survey of the religious, eco- Mexican people. nomic and social conditions in Argen- tine, Paraguay and Uruguay, reveals So much has happened in Mexico the need of Christian missionary work since then that the attractive brevity in this part of South America. It is of the older volume is no longer pos- one of the valuable World Dominion sible. In the new work Dr. Winton Survey Series and after describing has succeeded in presenting the whole the region gives much useful informa- historical and cultural background, tion as to the social and religious life with sufficient of each to enable us to and tells the story of Protestant mis- understand the pressing problems which are the main concern of the na- sions and the problems that face the tion today. Such condensation is no Evangelical Church. Two excellent small literary feat, especially when maps show South America and the given in such smoothly flowing Eng- mission stations in the LaPlate Re- lish. publics.

The author has knoWIl.~-and Children of the Chief. By May Entwistle. Booklet. 4'Oc. New York. 1928. ~.-the"'(.i • • _ _~.eaw eM iiUlll- A good children's story of African ". ~ "-among his friends Mexicans of children who go to a mission school high and low degree. Dr. Winton and the result. speaks the language of the country fluently and is capable of appreciating Linens for Tkanksgiving TRADITION writes the menu for Thanksgiving Dinner … and it also counsels a cloth of pure white damask in the very handsomest design the hostess can findl McCutcheon's has cloths to fit every size and shape of table, the patterns are lovely and the quality is pure Linen, of course. When you come in to select Table Damasks, look over the Decorative Linens and Household Linens. There are many new and exclusive creations awaiting you at prices that are decidedly moderate.

McCutcheon"s n~. FIFTH AVENUE AT FORTy.NINTH ST.

DEPT. No. 20, NEW YORK Reg. us. Rzt. Oft II You Want a Thing Well Done Do It Yoursell!

Would you let strangers run your business? Would you let strangers invest your money? Would you let strangers control your home?

NO Why let strangers administer your estate? Why let strangers provide for your family? Why let strangers pay your benevolences?

Buy Lile Annuity ·Agreements They make you your own executor They guarantee a regular income to your family They insure your money being devoted to missions Full particulars will be sent you immediately if you address: W. J. Elliort, Treasurer of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa., or Morris W. Ehnes, Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~7S>~~ . – Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. PERSONALS Boston, where, in the seven years of his pastorate he has received into the church SADHU SUNDAR SINGH left Sabathu, 2,489 members, and more than $1,000,000 Simla Hills, India, to visit Tibet at the has been given in free will offerings. Dr. end of June. Nothing had been heard of Massee will enter evangelistic work and him up to September 3d and it is feared that he has been taken ill or has met will hold Bible conferences. with some accident. Mr. Riddle of the New Zealand Presbyterian mission and ** Dr. Taylor of Roorkee, went in search of him, traveling within four miles of Tibet DR. HENRY T. HODGKIN, formerly one but could find no trace of him. Mr. G. H. Watson writes that government of- of the secretaries of the China Christian ficials are also hunting through pilgrim registers to see if they can find any in- Council, has recently come to America to dication of his travels or of his death. take up work in Philadelphia as Director •** of Studies in a new Society of Friends DR. JOHN R. MOTT has recently returned to America after a trip around college preparing men and women for the the world. When in Calcutta he unveiled a tablet in the building which a century service of the church, both at home and ago was the episcopal palace of Bishop abroad. Reginald Heber, author of "From Green- '" " " land's Icy Mountains." It is now the MR. MOSETI, a Bantu, from King Khaheadquarters of the National Council of the Y. M. C. A. As Chairman of the In- rna's country was recently made a Bacheternational Missionary Council, Dr. Mott held a number of conferences in India lor of Divinity in London. This is the and China and the Philippines. He met with the North China Conference in first time London University has granted Peiping in May. * • • the degree to an African. His particular tribe is the Bamangwato, which King Khama the Good ruled for so many years.

Mr. Moseti was for years an intimate of King Khama, and will return immediate- ly to Africa under the auspices of the London Missionary Society to take up missionary work in the "Khama coun- '" " * try."

FOUR MISSIONARY COUPLES, who have MISS ALICE PETTEE ADAMS of Oka- given a total of 318 years to the work of yama, Japan, American Board mission- the Board of Foreign Missions of the ary since 1891, has received a silver medal in recognition for social service, Methodist Episcopal Church in India, the sixth honor bestowed upon her by the have recently retired from active service.

Japanese Imperial Government. Dr. William H. Stephens and his wife, •** who will remain in India, began work in REV. J. H. OLDHAM, formerly Editor of 1880. Dr. and Mrs. Lewis A. Core, Dr.

the International Review of Missions, re- and Mrs. John O. Denning, and Dr. and ceived an honorary degree of D.D. in Mrs. John N. West, have returned to June from Edinbqrgh University. His America.

book, "Christianity and the Race Prob- *** lem" is recognized as a standard volume REV. FLOYD O. BURNETT has been apon race relationships. pointed by the Home Missions Council *** and Council of Women for Home Mis- PROFESSOR REINHOLD NIEBUHR, author sions as religious work director at Sherof "Does Civilization Need Religion," is man Institute, the government Indian now Chairman of the Federal Council's school at Riverside, California. Mr.

Commission on the Church and Social Burnett is a graduate of Central Mis- ** souri State College and of the Hartford Service. School of Religious Education. He has REV. E. K. HIGDON, missionary repre- had several years of successful pastoral work and. as leader of young people.

senting the Disciples of Christ, has been MIS&. FLORENC'"E G* . *TYLER, has been elected Executive Secretary of the Na- appointed. Executive Secretary of the tional Christian Council of the Philippine Federation of Woman's Boards of For- eign Missions, in place of Miss Ella G. Islands. *•* MacLauren recently deceased. SIR FREDERICK WHYTE, 'of Edinburgh,'

the son of the late Rev. Alexander Whyte, D.D., has recently been appointed OBITUARY Adviser to the Chinese Government. His office is to give counsel t{) the Government . REV. JAMES SIBREE, D.D., of Madagas- as a whole. His refusal to accept a sal- car, was struck by a motor cycle in Lon- ary must help in producing the convic- don on September 6th, and died shortly tion of his disinterestedness. No one who afterward. Dr. Sibree was ninety-three has heard him speak can doubt either the years old. His name has been identified maturity of his .judgment or the genuine- with It1issions in Madagascar since 1863.

ness of his sympathy with the aspirations * >to • of a sane· Nationalism. REV. JOHN REID, General Secretary of *** dtu~~edBl!,~-ptCisat lMc uitstsai oJnualryy Society for Ind!a. pOIsomng. 27th, from blood DR. J. C. MASSEE has resigned the pastorate of the Tremont Temple church,

the name of the Lord in prayer" Highways and Byways in Japan

(1 Cor. 1: 2) and Peter said at Pente- Johnson Erickson. 136 pp. $1.50. cost that God had "made Jesus both Revell. New York. 1929. Lord and Christ." In the letter to the Philippians the Apostle Paul says that The Heart of Words. George Roberts. "every tongue shall confess of that 153 pp. $1.50. Macmillan. New Jesus Christ is Lord." York.

From this fruitful study Mr. Hall The Hope of Israel-What Is It? Philip concludes that the name "I am," which Mauro. 261 pp. $2. Hamilton. appears in the New Testament as Boston. 1929. "Lord," applies to Father, Son and Holy Spirit and that Christian bap- The Keswick Convention-l9l9. 219 pp. tism was, in the apostolic times, al- 48. cloth, 28. 6d. paper. Pickering & ways "in the Name of the Lord Jesus Inglis. London. 1929. Christ." He quotes many scholars to throw light on this important subject Like a Tree Planted. Helen Barrett which is worthy of close study. It Montgomery. 25c. M. H. Leavis, wiII clarify and strengthen faith in Agent. Cambridge. 1929; the deity of Christ and in the inspiration of the Scriptures. The Lord of Life-A Fresh Approach to the Incarnation. Various Authors. NEW BOOKS 338 pp. $2.50. Macmillan. New York. 1929. New Chain Reference Bible. Edited by C. Frank Thompson. Kirkbride Bible Pass on the Torch. Allen Eastman Cross. Co. Indianapolis. 1929. 104 pp. $1. Pilgrim Press. Boston. 1929. The Book of Job-A Biblical Masterpiece. Newton Ray. 218 pp. $2. Hamilton The Primitive Church. Canon B. H. Bros. Boston. 1929. Streeter. 321 pp. $2.50. Macmillan. New York. 1929. Brooks – Bright Prize Essays – 1929. 143 pp. Brooks-Bright Foundation. New Prayer. Mario Puglisi. 296 pp. $2.50. York. 1929. Macmillan. New York. 1929.

Coming Events._A study of the Escha- Process and Reality. Alfred N. White- tology of Jesus. G. B. M. Clouser. head. 545 pp. $4.50. Macmillan. 163 pp. 75c. Christian League. New York. 1929. Phila. 1929. Revolution and Religion in Modern China. Mabel CrattY-Leader in the Art of Frank Rawlinson. 97 pp. $1. Chi- Leadership. Margaret E. Burton. nese Recorder. Shanghai. 1929. 248 pp. $2.50. Woman's Press. New York. 1929. The Sinless Saviour. J. B. Watson. 110 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- Evangelicals at Havana-Account of the don. 1929. Hispanic-American Evangelical Con- gress, Havana, June, 1929. S. Guy Short Pageants for the Sunday-Schoo!. Inman. 174 pp. 25c. Committee on Laura S. Copenhaver. 152 pp. $1.50. Cooperation in Latin America. New Doubleday, Doran. New York. 1929. York. 1929. Reuben Archer Torrey. Robert Harkness. Friendship Trails Friendship Book, Map of 127 pp. $1. Bible Institute Colpor- Canada. NeTannis Semmens and tage Assn. Chicago. 1929. Mary I. Ritchie. $1.00. Woman's Missionary Society of the United Hudson Taylor, the Man Who Believed Church of Canada. Toronto. 1929. God. Marshall Broomhall. 244 pp. 2s. 6d. C. I. M. London. 1929. The Foundations of Jewish Ethics. Armin H. Koller. 265 pp. $2.50. Macmillan. "Where Is the Lord God of Elijah?" New York. 1929. Enos Kincheloe Cox. 127 pp. 25c paper, 75c cloth. B. I. C. Assn. Chi- Great Truths Simply Told. George Good- cago. 1929. man. 132 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. London. 1929. Why South India Churches Are Consider- ing Vnion. Joseph Muir, W. J. Noble, Annual Report-American Baptist Home E. J. Palmer, G. E. Phillips. 24 pp. Mission SOCiety. 182 pp. New York. 6d. Hodder and Stoughton. London. 1929. 1929.

Taking the Offensive-China Inland Mis- Annual Report-Baptist Missionary Society sion Report. 54 pp. London. 1929. 1929. 198 pp. London. 1929.

Annual Report-American Baptist Foreign Mission Society. 297 pp. New York. 1929.

Handfulls on Purpose-Outlines, Read- ings, Studies, Thoughts, Illustrations, Hints. James Smith. 292 pp. 48. Pickering & Inglis. London. 1929.

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The Missionary Review of the World — August 1924

XLVII NUMBER·S·

~UGUST, 1924 THE STEWARTS AS CHRISTIAN STEWARDS STORY OF MILTON and LYMAN STEWART CROWN JEWELS GATHERED AT CROWN POINT . HENRY BEETS ALBANIA—A NEGLECTED FIELD PHINEAS B. KENNEDY THE RELIGIOUS SITUATION IN BULGARIA R. H. MARKHAM THE RELIEF OF THE STUDENTS OF EUROPE FRED H. RINDGE, Jr.

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PERSONALS REV. JAMES M. HENEY has been elected President of Canton Christian College, with DE. AND MRS. HOWAED TAYLOE are ex- Wb,g Kiung·cho,ng as As'sociate President.

pected to take part in a conference which *** the China Inland Mission is to hold in GASTON DOm[]i:RGUE; the newly-elected President of France, is a Protestant, the Toronto Sept. 15th to 17th, after which first for many years to hold this position in France. He formerly resided in the French Mrs. Taylor will engage in literary work colonies of Algeria and Indo·China. and Dr. Taylor fill a number of speaking engagements. *•* RE'. WILLIAM HIRAM FOUKES, D.D., has *** resigned as General Secretary of the New REV. WM. B. BomrER, for nearly 37 years a missionary of the Presbyterian Era organization of the Presbyterian Chnrch in Chile, has now retired from active service and is at work preparing a Chris- Church in the U. S. A. 10 ac,cept the pastor- tian hymnal in Spanish at the request of the Mission. His address is 41 Reid Ave., ate of the First Presbyterian Church of Port Washington, Ni!w York.

Cleveland, Ohio. •** *** REV. CHARLES H. PRATT, D.D., has been appointed to fill the chair of Missions and Evangelism recently established in the CIIARLES H. FARS, direetor of the Mis- sionary Research Library of New York, who Pr8Bbyterian Theological Seminary of Louis- was taken seriously ill in London, has now ville, Ky. returned to the United States. *** *** REV. MORRIS W. EHNE.'l, D.D., for the REV. R. A. TORRIDY, D.D., has recently past four years treasurer of the Committee r8Bigned as Dean of the Los Angeles Bible on Conservation and Advance of the M. E.

Church, has been elected treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions, to succeed Dr. Institute. * • *.

George M. Fowles~ * * REV. FREDERIC H. SENE"!' was elected Presi- OBITUARY dent and REV. R. A. ,TAFFRAY of Sonth China FREDERICK H. NEALE, formerly a m~ssion­ Vice·President of the Christian and Mis- ary of t~e China. Inland Mission, dIed in sionary Alliance at t.he annual meeting of the council in Toronto. May at hIS home Ul Ventnor, N. J.

Plea.se mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF TI!E WORLD In writing to advertisers, THE MISSIONARY Review 0 f the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. EditoJ CONTENTS FOR AUGUST. 1924 FRONTISPIECE ……….. USING THE STEWART MONEY TO EVANGELIZE CHINA Page 589 EDITORIALS ………………………………………….. : ………. . JAPANESE EXCLUSION AND MISSIONS METHODIST WATOHES AND MISSION.RY DEFICITS THE CoMmG FOREIGN MISSIONS CONVEN'fI(1N EVANGELICAL CHRISTIANITY IN ITALY THE STEWARTS AS CHRISTIAN STEWARDS 595 The story of the success of two r;onscC"rated oil operators and the growth of their Christian benefactions at home and abroad.

CROWN JEWELS AT CROWN POINT …………………… HENRY BEETS 603 An inspiring account of the results of the n'ork of the Chr-istia1lJ Reformed Church for the Indians of New Mexico.

THE RELIGIOUS SITUATION IN BULGARIA ………….. R. H. MARKHAM 607 An'()ther neglected European field, in need of the Gospel of Christ, is described by a missWnary of the Ame-Nean Boord.

ALBANIA-A NEGLECTED FIELD ., ….. , .. ,' ……. PHINEAS B. KENNEDY 610 A letter from the only P1·ote.otant Christian missionary from America now working among the Moka.mmedans Vn the mounta~ns of Albania-.

THE RELIEF OF THE STUDENTS OF EUROPE . . . . . . . FRED H. RINDGE, JR. 613 The sad pM,ght of young men lMIil yomLtJ women in Central Europe wM Me seeking an eduoation and preparation for leaiIership but a're without funds to pay theiA' living expenses.

MISSIONARY ACTIVITIES OF THE SWEDES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. RlNMAN 61~ An interesting history of the Proterstant missions of the Swedish Church and their present activities at home Dnd abroad.

THE KANAKURU PEOPLE OF WEST AFRICA . . . . . . . . . PI'TER C. J. JANSEN 624 A graphw picture of a little known trille of Africans, the'ir heathen customs and what the Gospel is doing for them.

THE STORY OF ALLEN BENNETT ……………. MRS. EDITH Fox NORTON 628 THE BOLIVIAN INDIAN MISSION ……………………. GEORGE ALLAN 629 The work of an iindepend&nt evangelical mission' for the negleoted lndlians living in the '/IWu71tai!ls of -the land of Bolivar.

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CHINESE SCRIPTURElS AND TRACTS TO GOSPEL

EVANGELISM ON A GOSPEL BOAT IN CHINA y, C. Hsiao, a leader of a Gospel Band, is here talking with three young Chinese in the guest hall on a Stewart Mission boat USING THE STEWART MONEY TO EVANGELIZE CHINA (See Page /j9fj)

'TIiEMlS-SIONARY

EVIEW'

VOL. AUGUST, 1924 NUMBER XLVII EIGHT JAPANESE EXCLUSION AND MISSIONS I T IS DIFFICULT to understand why any sane body of men, leg- islating for a great nation, will jeopardize friendly relations with another nation by passing a law that excludes only about one hundred and fifty undesirable aliens a year from a land of over one hundred million people. Yet this is practicallv what the United States Congress has done in passing the law t~ exclude Orientals, against the advice of the President and his Cabinet. The law has greatly offended Japan, while the same end might have been gained by continuing the "Gentleman's Agreement."

This law, which does not refer specifically to Japanese but to any alien laborers not eligible for American citizenship, has not only caused disturbance in Japan and a desire to boycott all things Amer- ican, but it adds considerably to the difficulties of the Christian mis- sionaries who have so unselfishly gone to offer the Japanese the benefits of the Gospel of Christ. Naturally, by the uninformed, Chris- tianity is looked upon as an alien religion and in Japan the anti- American feeling extends to American goods, American institutions, American customs and ideals and what is looked upon as the religion of America. A missionary from Japan writes: "The Japanese are taking very seriously the passage of the Ex- clusion Act by Congress. They considered the 'Gentleman's Agree- ment' a final settlement of the immigration problem and were satis- fied with its operation. It will probably affect our missionary work adversely because-in the popular mind-the missionary, Ohristian- ity, and the United States are very closely related, and to have the United States Congress pass a measure so insulting to the Japanese . is sure to result in the criticism of the United States as unjust and Christianity as an ideal system for preaching but not always con- venient for practice. It is really surprising to see the calibre of many of our Senators revealed to such disadvantage before the world. I knew that some of them were very provincial in their outlook, but 589

hardly expected them to deal with a delicate matter such as this Japanese immigration question with so little tact. There is a tremendous lot of work to be done in Japan to spread the news of the Gospel of Christ, but we are forcibly reminded that in the United States, too, much remains to be done to put across the idea of brotherhood and friendly interest in and love for the fellow somewhat removed from us. "

Another missionary writes from Yokohama: "No doubt you have been reading reports of riots, mobs, and boycotting in Japan because of the passing of the Exclusion Act. Not only politicians and business men have taken part in these activities but even leaders of the Christian Church in Japan are earnestly considering what action to take.

"The following is the translation of a postcard that came to many missionaries: 'We Japanese are not so foolish as to hear the noble teachings of Christ, whose principle was universal brotherhood, from Americans who practically deny it. Leave Japan at once and return to your own country! Preach your perverted Christianity to your own countrymen. Ask your own conscience and it will show you the truth of what we say.'

"How is the Church of Japan to explain such things to a people who are not eager to know about Christianity, even when things are at their best?

"Fortunately, all the Japanese are not so bitter. Many Japanese Christian workers assure us that the things we see in the papers are exaggerated. They assure us that they have no desire to have us leave the country, but wish to continue to work with us. They fully expect to meet with persecution, but have faith in America that the people will do the Christian thing. They ask eagerly what the Church at home has been doing since the first protest to the Act. What is the Church going to do about it T "The following statement was sent by the Alumnre of Ferris Seminary, Yokohama, a school of the Reformed Church in America, asking the Christian people to work for a satisfactory solution of the problem.

That broad and highminded Christians in America do not in the least sympathize with the action of Congress is made clear by many public utterances, and by timely articles and editorials in the press. On July 2d, a number of prominent public men met for luncheon in New York, at the invitation of Dr. James H. Franklin, to honor Dr. rrsunejiro Miyaoka, one of the distinguished lawyers and pUblicists of Japan just now passing through America to England. Dr. Miyaoka is an honorary member of the American Bar Association and of the Canadian Bar Association, whose meetings he has come over to attend. Twenty years ago, he was Japanese Charge d'Affaires at Washington and has since occupied many other important posts. By special request, Dr. Miyaoka now serves as the Far Eastern Correspondent of the Trustees of the Carnegie Peace Fund and is a member of the Advisory Council in Europe of its Division of Intercourse and Education. He has been appointed Secretary General for Japan of the Conciliation International of France and the correspondent of the American Association for the International Conciliation.

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

At the luncheon on July 2nd, addresses, made by Dr. Hamilton Holt, ex-Attorney General Wickersham and others, gave positive evidence of the high regard that Ohristian Americans have for the .Japanese and of their chagrin at the action of the United States Congress. It is earnestly to be hoped that such political actions will not discredit the Gospel of Ohrist which is for all men, without distinction as to race, color or nationality.

METHODIST WATOHES AND MISSIONARY DEFICITS M ANY powerful sermons have been preached on "The Widow's Mite," and many church offerings have been enlarged be- cause of her self-sacrificing example. Will similar sermons be preached on "The Bishop's 'Watch," and with similar results?

The Methodist Episcopal Board of Foreign Missions is in a serious plight, with an accumulated debt of two and a quarter million dollars. The new Executive Oommittee of the Board met in June with new secretaries, a new treasurer, new problems and an old debt. It was suggested that a cut of twenty-five per cent would be necessary on the coming year's appropriations and this would only partially. meet the deficit. It seemed like acknowledging defeat for it would mean a reduction of one million, two hundred thousand dollars and would involve a recall of missionaries in many lands, the abandonment of building plans, the cutting down of hospital work, the closing of schools and the dismissal of many native workers-a retreat all along the line. A call was sounded by the members of the Oommittee for heroic giving to pay the debt before September 1st. The Presbyterians had achieved the seemingly impossible task, why should not the Methodists do the same~ A new member of the Board (Dr. L. O. Hartman) was moved to set the example by donating his watch-or the price of his watch-to the cause. If fifty thousand Methodists would do the same as an extra offering for world-wide missions, the financial crisis would be met successfully. The slogan "Give Your Watch to Olear the Debt" might serve to save the day. While some ridiculed the idea as sentimental and others hesitated, the campaign was launched by the new Bishop of India, Dr. Benton T. Badley, Bishop Wilson, the chairman of the Oommittee, Dr. Frank Mason North, Secretary-Oounsel of the Board, who promptly donated their watches-thirty in all-to the treasury, later redeeming them for $1,500.

The campaign was on even before a motion had been put. Night letters were sent to all of the bishops of the Ohurch asking them to follow the example set by the Executive Oommittee and to send their watches or checks to the treasurer. The responses are coming in and the challenge will continue to go out to American Methodists all over the world. Possibly the watches will pay the debt. In some way it

should be done. Two million, two hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars is not a large sum for over four and a quarter million Methodists (North); but it is a very large debt for the Board.

The gift of bishops' watches or their equivalent may have a psy(,hological effect on Methodists and may stimulate similar donations, but the problem is not solved by this spasmodic and dramatic giving. A great work is to be done, demanding real sacrifice and a principle of stewardship to be practiced intelligently and conscien· tously. Dramatic appeals may serve Ii temporary purpose but devotion to Christ, a knowledge of the great need of men for the Gospel, and a sense of personal responsibility to carry out His commissionthese are the only adequate motives that will serve to carryon the work to a successful conclusion. Vith such motives powerfully acting orr the Church, we may have a sense of partnership with God and will realize that it is worth while to sacrifice not only property, time and talents but life itself that God's will may be known and done throughout the earth.

THE ,COMING FOREIGN MISSIONS CONVENTION T HE Ecumenical Foreign Missions Conference in New York in 1900 was an epoch-making event. Another was the Edinburgh Conference of 1910. Next year the Foreign Missions Confer- ence of North America, which represents the foreign mission organi- zations of Canada and of the United States, is to hold a similar gathering in Washington, D. C. The program will deal with the world field from the standpoint of the home-base. And Protestant national missionary organizations outside of North America are be- ing invited to send fraternal delegates.

The Committee on Arrangements has announced that the meeting will be held from January 28 to February 2, 1925, and that the at- tendance will be limited to 5,000 delegates, appointed by the Foreign Mission Boards and Societies of the United States and Canada. The Committee recommends that the delegation from each Board include officers and members of the Boards, pastors, laymen and laywomen in equal numbers, church officials, theological and college professors, foreign missionaries at home on furlough, and student volunteers.

The convention program will include the following features: two platform meetings each day with the best available speakers, a series of simultaneous conferences each afternoon, and meetings of representatives of denominational groups to consider the best meth- . ods of carrying to the churches the results of the Convention.

The Convention will be an educational, not a deliberative or leg- islative assembly. It will not deal with questions and problems of administration on the mission field, but its messages will be designed to enlarge the interest and deepen the conviction of the Christians

at the home base as to their responsibilities and opportunities for world-wide evangelism and the establishment of Ohristian ideals.

This convention will take the place of the usual annual Foreign Missions Conference. It is an opportune time to bring together the leaders of the different Protestant communions of North America and should give a great impetus to the spiritual life of the churches and inspire them to greater sacrifice for the cause of Ohrist in the world. Leaders of Christian f-orces in other lands will be invited to make their contribution to the convention. If this inspiring hope is to be realized, all who are interested in the progress of Ohrist's Kingdom must give themselves earnestly to prayer that the committee in charge of the arrangements may be wisely guided by Almighty God, the source of all power.

Further information in regard to the Convention may be obtained from Secretaries of Foreign Mission Boards or from F. P. Turner, Secretary. Foreign Missions Conference, 25 Madison Avenue, New York.

EVANGELICAL CHR.ISTIANITY IN ITALY f l . AS'. the seat of the. P~pal hierarchy, Italy ha..s been the c.enter of Roman OatholIc mfluence and propaganda. Waldensmns and – other' evangelical Christians ,h3:,ve be,en very much -'ifi:the minority and any missionary activity on their part has raised the cry of "proselytism." Nevertheless, the Waldensian and the Italian Evangelical Ohurches have flourished in the face of opposition. The simplicity of Protestant doctrine, life and worship stands in marked contrast to the ornate Papal ritual and elaborate system of doctrine. These latter have been perpetuated and promoted by great cathedrals, by magnificent paintings, sculptures, and shrines while Protestant ecclesiastical art and ceremonies have been more simple.

The Italian State separated from the Roman Church in 1878, and since the Pope has been deprived of his temporal power, the Church has lost some of its prestige and authority. The Evangelical Churches have, in the meantime, increased in strength. The Evangelical forces in Italy include chiefly the Waldensians, the British Bible Society, the Scotch Presbyterians, the American Baptists (South) and the American Methodists, all conducting active Protestant missionary work. In spite of the inherited prejUdice against the Protestants, many Italians are forming habits of Bible reading and are coming to understand its teaching~ as to the way of life. The American Methodists, who have been in Italy for forty years, have built some excellent buildings, including a new Collegiate Institute for boys on Monte Mario in Rome, not far from the Vatican. Their girls' school in Rome has about five hundred pupils. Protestant orphanages, a theological seminary and evangelical publishing houses are also helping to spread Christian truth and to train enlightened Christian leaders for these people who are more and more asserting their independence from Papal dictation. The motto" Italy for the Italians" may yet be transformed into "Italy for Christ."

STEWART'S INVESTMENT FOR THE TRAINING OF CHINESE CHRISTIAN

The Na.n-Yoh Bible School buildings at the foot of one of the encred mountains of China.. Personal work is done among the pilgrims as they ]eave for their homes. Dr. Frank A. Keller, Director.

LYMAN STEWART'S INVESTMENTi FOR THE TRAINING OF AMERICAN CHRISTIAN WORKERS-LOS ANGELES BIBLE INSTITUTE MONUMENTS TO MILTON AND LYMAN STEWART (See Article ~1! Page 595)

USE OF THE STEWART FUND FOR THE EVANGELIZATION OF

Both Milton and Lyman Stewart contributed largely to this work of tra.lntng 156 Chinese evangelists and sen.ing them out with Christian literature on twelve boats-one leader and twelve students on each boat-all under t.he direction of Dr. ;Frank A. Keller. The Biola Evangelists are here putting up gospel posters.

The Stewarts as Christian Stewards A Sketch of Milton and Lyman Stewart of California O UR Lord set a precedent in calling brothers 8S laymen, and consecrating them to His serviee, when He summoned James and John, and Andrew and Peter to be His disciples. Two other brothers who gave themselves wholly to Christ and His service are Milton and Lyman Stewart, recently called Home after years of wonderfully rich service as Christian stewards of wealth.

The story of these two brothers is a wonderful example and inspiration to other business men. The older, Milton Stewart, fell asleep in Christ on November 20, 1923, at the age of eighty-five. He devoted his wealth especially to evangelism through the distribution of Bibles and tracts in non-Christian lands. Lyman Stewart, who departed to be with Christ on September 28, 1923, (two months earlier than his brother), at the age of eighty-three, was the founder and president of the Los Angeles Bible Institute, which has trained hundreds of Christian evangelists for home and foreign service.

595

MILTON STEWART"

The life of Milton Stewart has proclaimed a message of faithful Christian stewardship that has been heard around the .world. He was one of the most successful figures of the petroleum industry in America, and, as a Christian layman, gave the greater part of his fortune and the best thought of a keen mind to the advancement of the Kingdom of God and the proclamation of the Gospel of Christ. Milton Stewart furthered great religious projects in a manner distinctively his own, frequently being unknown except to a few close associates, content to see a good work go forward without any credit being given to his own part in it. Dr. R. A. Torrey dedicates his book, "The God of the Bible," to Mr. Stewart as follows: "To my gl'eatly honored parish- ioner and beloved friend, Milton Stew- art, who has done more by his upright, consistent and humble character and by his munificent and .widely and wisely distributed gifts to promote in Hlany lands the knowledge of 'The God of the Bible' than any other- man of whom I know, this book is affec- tionately inscribed 'by the author without Mr. Stewart's consent or knowledge.' , The life story of Milton MILTON STEWART Stewart is inseparable from that of his brother, Lyman Stewart.

Theil' brotherhood was not only of blood, but heart and spirit, a harmonious mingling of aspiration and inspiration that resulted in great helpfulness and service to their fellowmen.

Milton Stewart was born at Cherrytree, Venango County, Pennsylvania, September 24, 1838, son of , iVilliam Reynolds and Jane M.

(Irwin) Stewart, grandson of Elijah and Lydia (Reynolds) Stewart. He was educated in the public schools of Cherrytree and at Allegheny College, Meadville, Pennsylvania. After teaching school for one year he went to Ohio and secured employment on a farm, planning to master agriculture, but returned to Pennsylvania shortly after the first oil well was drilled in the United States. Catching the fever 6f oil excitement, he leased land and began drilling in the Titusville field.

When Lyman Stewart went to California, Milton Stewart also • We quote largely from the biographical material gathered by Clyde F. Ryan of the American Historical Society of New York and from information and p'hotographs furnished by Mrs, Llman Stewart 0:: Los Angeles.

THE STEWARTS AS CHRISTIAN STEWA.RDS

acquired interests in the California oil fields, and the two later be- came large stockholders in the Union Oil Company, which developed from a small corporation of five million dollars to one of one hun- dred million dollars capital. Milton Stewart was an expert practical oil operator, thoroughly informed on all branches of this important industry. His finely balanced judgment and acute business sense were heavily relied upon by his associates. Milton maintained a home at Titusville, Pennsylvania, until 1920, but visited California almost annually. In conjunction with his brother, he developed large tracts of land for growing oranges.

The Stewa rts were members of the Presbyterian Church but their ideal of religious commu- nion was one in which any de- voted follower of the Lord could find a place. Their mis- sionary efforts were in loyal obedience to the Lord's com- mand : "Go ye into all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature." In 1910, Mil- ton set aside a large block of Union Oil Company Stock for the establishment of the Milton Stewart Evangelistic Fund, to aid in spreading the Gospel in foreign lands. Mr. Wm. E.

Blackstone, who was especially interested in missionary work in China, became the trustee of this fund, and with an advisory LYMAN STEWART committee of three other men, has administered it to the leading evangelical mission boards, includ- ing Presbyterian, Methodist,. Baptist and many of the "Faith Mis- sions," such as the China Inland Mission and others. It has thus enabled them to do a great deal of evangelistic work which would not have been otherwise possible. Almost three million dollars have been disbursed in the support of nearly one hundred missionaries, preach- ers, and evangelists, in the maintenance of Bible schools, and in dis- tributing Christian literature throughout the world. Milton Stewart and his brother, Lyman, also contributed $300,000 for the publication of twelve volumes on "Christian Fundamentals," written by leading theologians of the various denominations, covering the basic prin- ciples. of Christian faith. These volumes were distributed free throughout the English-speaking world to ministers, missionaries, and other Christian students and workers.

While he was intensely loyal to Christ and the Bible, Lyman

Stewart had a deep-rooted aversion to controversy. Words fail to convey the impression of his calm, steadfast, confident outlook upon life, and his broad tolerance.

On December 23,1880, he married Ella J. Marsh, who died January 11, 1911. Later he married Mary Wickett, of York, Canada.

Milton Stewart was an outstanding example of what a Christian layman can be and do for God. Quietly, unobtrusively, he administered his funds in a wise manner. He was in hearty fellowship with the Bible Institute of Los Angeles, and a generous contributor to the erection of the Institute buildings in Los Angeles, as well as those of the Hunan Bible Institute in China, the administration building there being known as "Milton Stewart Hall." He also supported several of the colportage bands in connection with the boat work of the Hunan Bible Institute.

LYMAN STEWART To Lyman Stewart, the Union Oil Company, of which he was president, was of secondary importance to the Bible Institute of Los Angeles; of which he was the founder. To him the practical problems of business life were bound up with those connected with the spiritual well-being of his fellows, all fulfilling their part in a plan of the Great Designer.

The story of Lyman Stewart's life has exceptional significance in the history of the oil industry in America and in religious and missionary endeavor throughout the world. Through his life, and that of his brother Milton, there came to countless numbers in many lands a richer, fuller, eternal life as it is found in Jesus Christ.

Lyman Stewart was born at Cherrytree, Venango County, Pennsylvania, July 22, 1840. His father was the proprietor of a small tannery, and Lyman Stewart learned the tanning trade, although he disliked the business and wished to take up farming. He was favored with but few educational advantages, his school attendance being limited to two or three months a year in the country schools of the region.

In December, 1859, four months after the first oil in America was drilled by Colonel Drake, Lyman Stewart invested his savings, one hundred dollars, in Titusville, and until the Civil War, engaged in the new industry. In September, 1862, he enlisted in Company E, Sixteenth Regiment, Pennsylvania Oavalry, serving until his honorable discharge on June 17, 1865. Upon his return to civil life, he seized the opportunity to improve his educational equipment and completed a six months' course at Eastman's Business College at Poughkeepsie, New York. Returning to Titusville in March, 1866, he resumed his oil operations in association with his brother, Milton, at Pioneer, Pennsylvania. After almost a score of years in thE)

THE STEWARTS AS CHRISTIAN STEWARDS

Pennsylvania fields he moved to Los Angeles, California, in April, 1883. He formed an association with W. L. Hardison and began the development of property in Pica Canyon, and near Santa Paula, suc- cess attending their efforts almost from the start. Three oil com- panies were merged as the Union Oil Company in October, 1890, and Mr. Stewart became president in October, 1894. The Union Oil Com- pany is now capitalized at one hundred million dollars, controls over seven hundred thousand acres of oil land on which there are six hundred producing wells, and has an average daily output of eighty thousand barrels.

At the outset of Lyman Stewart's career, five successive "dry holes" exhausted his capital and caused the loss of his drilling tools. Disaster seemed imminent, but a loan of ten thousand dollars by a lifelong friend, 1. W. Hellman, offered the means of a new start which was rewarded with the prosperity that is now a part of Cali- fornia oil history. Mr. Stewart is credited with building the first refinery in California and with being the first. to construct a tank vessel on the Pacific coast. He is also known for pioneer work in connection w.ith the first oil burning locomotive in the early '80s. Mr. Stewart's relations with his business associates merit mention. Their welfare and happiness, from the humblest employee to the most trusted official, were never far from his thoughts, and included a generous and comprehensive plan of profit-sharing.

Side by side with Mr. Stewart's eminence in the petroleum in- dustry stands his name as a Christian worker. From early youth he gave heed to Christian teachings and. church work, and as he prospered in his business he was able to devote more time and money to the spreading of the Gospel. He knew in Whom he believed and he asked nothing more than the opportunity to further the great Cause in which he had enlisted. For three years, he was president of the Young Men's Christian Association; helped to organize Immanuel Presbyterian Church, of which he was a charter member and ruling elder; cooperated in the organization of the Pacific Gospel Union Mission, and assisted in the foundation of a Bible institute which later became the Bible Institute of Los Angeles, with which his name must be identified as long as its work endures. This Institute had its formal inception February 25, 1908, when the work of a Young Men's Bible Class organized in 1906 by Reverend T. C. Horton, of Immanuel Presbyterian Church, and a Young Women's Class, organized in 1907 by Mrs. T. C. Horton, were coordinated under the name of The Bible Institute of Los Angeles. A permanent organization was effected February 25, 1908. From the beginning the work of the Institute was evangelistic, and made remarkable progress during the first three years of its existence. In 1911, Dr. R. A. Torrey, formerly connected with the Moody Bible Institute, was called as dean and in June, 1912, ground was brQken for the new

buildings on Hope Street. Founded upon the Bible, the whole Bible and the pure Gospel of Christ, the Institute conducts a free school of Bible instruction, and reaches out into every avenue of Christian endeavor to bring men and women to Christ. The student body has had a total enrollment of two thousand seven hundred and sixty-five, the day students during 192;~ numbering six hundred and sixty-two, with one hundred and twenty-six graduates. The evening school had an enrollment of four hundred and ninety-nine, and from its inception to January 1, 1924, its graduates have numbered eight hundred and four. There is also a correspondence school with a total of three thousand and fifty-six on its rolls. One hundred and eighty men and women, who have been trained under the teachers of the Institute, are now doing effective work in the foreign field. Every state in the Union and twenty-four foreign countries are represented in the student body, as well as fifty-eight deuominations. A large number of preachers and a host of pastoral helpers, Sunday-school teachers, Bible women and others engaged in aggressive, active Christian work, are numbered among its alumni.

Lyman Stewart and his brother gave hearty support to the Institute and to missionary work in China under the direction of Dr. Frank A. Keller, for many years a member of the China Inland Mission. Dr. Keller had been impressed by the way foreigners and Chinese distributed in the shops and houses attractive little boxes containing samples of American cigarettes. Dr. Keller said: " As we saw their strenuous work and heard of their far-reaching plans, and thought of the thousands and thousands of towns and villages whose millions of people had never heard of Christ, or even seen a copy of God 's Word, our hearts were filled with shame and throbbed with a great ambition to be equally comprehensive in plan, wise in method, and prompt in action for our King. .. The heads of the Bible Institute of Los Angeles saw the vision, they heard the cry of the twenty-two million people of Hunan, and accepted, as a commission from God, the task of visiting, so far as possible, everyone of Hunan's four million, two hundred and sixty-eight thousand homes, to tell the people of Jesus Christ, and to leave with them, as a free gift, copies of God's Word, or portions of it."

Mr. Stewart's zeal for the successful continuance of the Bible Institute of Los Angeles (" Biola" as it is termed among its workers) is illustrated by the fact that during the early years of the World War, when the present beautiful building was in course of erection, he took a heavy loss on a block of Union Oil Company stock in order to secure money for the building.

In 1867, Lyman Stewart married Sarah Adelaide Burrows, who died February, 1912, survived by three children. Four years later he married Lula M. Crowell, who had been his personal secretary for thirteen years.

At the time of Lyman Stewart's death o~ September 28, 1923,

1924J THE STEWARTS AS CHRISTIAN STEWARDS

the following editorial appreciation appeared in the Los Angeles Times: "After a long life, filled with good works and crowned with success, Lyman Stewart, pioneer, fighter, oil magnate, philanthropist, has passed out….. .

"The record of his life is one of brave struggle, often against overwhelming odds j of patient endeavor, often under disheartening circumstances; from a poor boy working in a Pennsylvania tannery to the chairmanship of one of the world's largest oil corporations. But the grander part of that record is told in a far better storythe story of a man who fought his way to commercial leadership not SAVED TO SERVE-THE STUDENT MISSIONARY UNION, BIBLE INSTITUTE OF LC-S ANGELES at the expense, but always in the service of humanity; who wrested the wealth that gave him power to fill his life with good works, only from the hard and hidden treasure house of mother earth.

"Those who gather to pay honor to Lyman Stewart, will not be thinking of him as the head of a great corporation, who, from a single well drilled at Newhall twenty years ago, built up the powerful Union Oil Company, nor will they be thinking of the faith and foresight he displayed when, after the first discovery of oil in Pennsylvania sixty-four years ago, he invested all the slowly collected savings from his hard-eamed wages in buying a fraction of a lease in the new fields; they will not be thinking of the pluck and endurance that in the early Califomia days saw him win victory from defeat, staking his all on the small loan offered at the eleventh hour by a true friend who knew his worth and believed in his success; rather 2

they will turn their eyes to the building of the Bible Institute that his faith in God and his desire to serve gave as a monument to his memory-such as before all else he desired to leave behind him. And they will recall how continuously and without one thought of self he gave, freely as he had received, to every good object for the advancement of a better and brighter world."

These two brothers learned the secret of making money, but they learned the higher art of knowing how to dispense it for the glory of God and for the salvation of men. 'ro attempt to follow the train of their princely giving in the support of Christian enterprises would carry one around the world. At home, the founding of the Bible Institute of Los Angeles was made possible by their deep interest and large financial support; they helped largely to support the Bible House of Los Angeles-a book depot-and aided in the work of distributing Christian literature. Only eternity will reveal the results of the free distribution of the" Fundamentals of Faith" to ministers and missionaries throughout the world. Abroad, they not only conducted the campaign to place a portion of the Word of God in the hands of every Chinaman who can read, in one of the most thickly populated provinces of China, but gave help in many other fields.

The Stewart brothers laid up treasures in Heaven according to the Master's injunction, "Make to yourselves friends by means of the mammon of unrighteousness (money) that when it shall fail they may receive you into the eternal tabernacles." (Luke 16: 9.) MILTON STEWART'S HOME, PASADENA

REV. AND MRS. BOLT. A ~'RJEND AND TWO NAVAJO GIRLS AT THE

POINT MISSIONARY HOME Crown Jewels Gathered at Crown Point ~Y REV. ' HENRY BEETS, D.D., GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN Secretary of the Christian Reformed Board of MissioM I N the heart of New Mexico, surrounded by five or six mesas, as so many points of a crown, is the seat of the Pueblo Bonito government agency, usually called Crown Point. On all sides is the desert, with only here and there enough evergreens to offset the sparse vegetation. Deep gulches and sandy arroyos cut up the country, which is reached from the Santa Fe Railroad at Thoreaux by a wagon road through a wild region appropriately called" Satan's Pass. " A small number of Indians live in the district, moving from place to place where grass and water can be found for their flocks. It is a dreary wilderness, although the brilliant sunshine, the isolation, the silence, the variegated coloring and rocky strata everywhere give it an indefinable attractiveness.

The region was not, however, always the wilderness that it is today. The Chaco Canyon, which is within easy reach of Crown Point, is one of the wonders of the Southwest. The country around Crown Point must once have been a thickly populated region for eighteen large and many smaller ruins show that a large population must have lived and labored there in former times. Dr. Hewett, who surveyed the Chaco region some twenty years ago, said that the Pueblo Bonito ruins (Spanish for" Beautiful Village") contained a building of dark brown sandstone, semi-elliptical in form, six hundred and sixty-seven feet long and three hundred and fifteen feet wide and originally five stories high. The attention of archreologists is drawn increasingly to the whole district.

But we write here not of ruined temples made of dead stones, 603

but about the work of God in rearing a temple of "lively stones" through the operations of the Holy Spirit. When the Crown Point Government School, at present numbering some two hundred and fifty Navaho pupils, was opened in 1912, the Christian Reformed Mission Board arranged to have a worker connected with the institution. The Rev. and Mrs. Jacob Bolt went there in January, 1915, and, during the first five or six years, they often felt discouraged. rrhe Indian boys and girls did not at first understand a word of English and even after they began to grasp the meaning of the words it was difficult for them to understand the Christian teachings. It was also discouraging that the brightest and most promising pupils were transferred to other and higher Indian schools.

One Sunday night Rev. and l{rs. Bolt discussed these features while two little Navajo girls were with them. A call had been ex- SOME NAVAJO YOUNG MEN AT THE CROWN POINT MISSICN tended to Mr. Bolt by one of the California churches and he said that he considered his labor was wasted at the school so he had decided to give it up. The two Indian girls silently left the room without bidding farewell to the missionary and his wife. That night Mrs. Bolt was unable to sleep for her heart was knit to those Indian lads and lassies with whom she had been laboring. She went to her husband's study and prayerfully opened her Bible. Her eye fell on the second Psalm: "Ask of me and I will give thee the heathen for thine inheritance." That text appeared to her to be God's message and the next morning she told her husband of it. He, however, reaffirmed his determination to leave. 'Walking out on the front porch, his feet struck something on the floor of the verandah. On picking up the bnndle, he found that it contained a number of envelopes each

1924J CROWN JEWELS GATHERED A'1' CROWN POINT

of which contained a little note reading something like this: "Dear father and mother Bolt: We have heard that you are going away, but you must not. You are the only ones who talk to us about Jesus. Our hearts are hungry to know more about Him. Please stay. We prayed about it all night."

The two girls who had left the missionaries' sitting room had gone to the dormitories and had told the older boys and girls the sad news they had heard. They had held a prayer-meeting that very Sunday night, each praying in rotation that the Heavenly Father would keep His servants at Crown Point. Then they had written these little notes and brought them early the next morning while the missionaries were still asleep. Needless to say, MI'. Bolt changed MRS. BOLT AND SOME NAVAJO GIRLS AT CROWN POINT his mind and remained at Crown Point. A marvelous transformation set in about which he wrote as follows: ""Ve were impatient; not understanding God's purposes and ways. We drew wrong conclusions. We thought that during the years we had spent at Crown Point scattering the good seed of God's Word, the birds had come and devoured it as fast as we had scattered it. But we were mistaken. The seed lay hidden in the hearts and we lived to see it germinate and ripen into fruit."

Many Crown Point boys and girls were wonderfully transformed and their very faces became so changed that outsiders said with amazement: "What have you done to these children; have you mesmerized them ~" Fifty-seven were baptized in one year and others later. Some who have gone to reservation schools have shown the spirit of .Jesus by their consistent Christian lives; others, who have

died of tuberculosis have gone Home with messages of joy upon their lips and the peace of God in their hearts. Mr. Bolt wrote: "The knowledge of these young people is not broad. They need to learn much, but they know that Jesus died for them, and that His love is deathless. They talk about the Bible and seem to understand it. The Holy Spirit has enlightened them. It is wonderful. We see it, but do not understand how God works. They are like the early Christians and have great faith in the efficacy of prayer. Last fall, when Mrs. Bolt was sick, she was forbidden by the doctor to go to the school for three months. But one evening she felt a great desire to go and we planned that she should visit the pupils for about fifteen minutes. When she stepped out of the auto, all the girls fairly swept her off her feet and said: " 'Mother, we are so glad you came to us. We knew you would come.' " 'How did you know Y' we asked. " 'We were so lonesome,' they answered, 'and about an hour ago we all went in and prayed: "Oh Lord, please make our dearest mother well again and make her strong. Make her so strong that she can come to us tonight and tell us again about Jesus. Lord, you know we are so lonesome and so sorry. Make her so strong that we can go to her house sometime too again. For we ask it in Jesus' Name. Amen."'"

Last year a letter from Mrs. Bolt said: "The Lord has done great things at Crown Point. His name be praised. Seventy-four of our boys and girls have been baptized. They said Jesus was their own personal Saviour. Their lives, their thoughts and ways were undeniably changed and in their conversation heavenly things were the main topic. How could we put them off since, like the Ethiopian eunuch, these boys and girls believe that J eaus is the Son of God and trust in Him for salvation ~ Some girls who were asked to wait came to our house and said: 'Why for, Mr. Bolt say to us, believe and wait, and the Bible say to us, believe and be baptizedl' So they too were baptized and, with the exception of one or two, they have all lived noble Christian lives. During May, 1924, thirty-five others were baptized." Not only at the government schools, but also in their homes in the Indian camps, where all is darkness, these little candles shed light in testimony for Jesus. It is not considered proper for an Indian to speak to his elders except when invited to do so, but these Indian lads and lassies have so much of the peace and joy of God in their souls, that they cannot refrain from witnessing for Jesus to their parents and others. Occasionally parents come to Mr. and Mrs. Bolt and ask about the .Jesus who has so wonderfully changed the lives of their boys and girls. We will have to leave this to God who has put the desire to be baptized into their hearts and who evidently has wrought a wonderful change in their lives. We feel sure it is not the work of man. Only the Holy Spirit can work such a marvelous change. Those who have been among these boys and girls of Crown Point, and have seen their shining faces and heard their wonderful testimonies, are convinced that the Lord i" indeed gathering crown jewels at Crown Point.

The'Religious Situation in

BY REV. R. H. MARKHAM, SAMOKOV, BULGARIA Missionary of the American Board T HE Balkan peninsula is washed by four seas, watered by a large number of inexhaustible streams and studded with mag- nificent mountains, rich in minerals. Rainfall is abundant, the climate is delightful, the scenery is imposing. The area is as large as the state of Ohio with almost as large a population.

The people who live here ought to be happy and prosperous but they have never been so for very long. They have been poor, backward, ignorant and frightened, but not because they aTe lazy, excessively intemperate, immoral or dull. On the contrary, they are extraordinarily diligent, more temperate than the British, generally strict in their family relations and decidedly intelligent. They are unfortunate because they have never ceased to be victims of war und racial strife. Over five hundred years ago they were put under the yoke of the Turk who surged over into Europe from Asia Minor I.:nd from this yoke they freed themselves only during the last century. The Bulgarians were the last to secure independence, a tardiness due to their proximity to the Turkish fortresses in Oonstantinople and Adrianople and also to the stolid, patient and peace-loving, fieldloving character of the people. The American missionaries, who had already been working in Oonstantinople for half a century, began to turn their attention toward this rathbY inexpressive, extremely patient and altogether unknown race about the middle of the last century. At such a moment their attention was most welcome. '1'he Bulgarians were feeling the influence of the wide world about them and wanted to come into far closer touch with that world. They wanted books, newspapers, schools and a free church and behold, before them were the Americans eager to translate books, edit a newspaper, open schools and preach about a free church. The missionaries passed from Asiatic to European Turkey and started work nmong the Bulgarians. They started one of the first papers in the Bulgarian language, which still exists, opened three secondary schools which are still flourishing, and many primary ones, and helped to make a translation of the Bible and of many hymns. They also began to found Protestant churches and to form Protestant groups. They opened a theological school and trained a number of preachers. They began to proselytize, which was the only thing they could do, for they could not preach in the Orthodox Eastern Ohurch. And in such a moment of revolt, of liberation and of new alignments their movement met with some success. Strong Protestant groups were formed in several cities and a few villages became almost wholly Protestant.. About fifty such communities were formed.

607

Since then epochal changes have taken place. Bulgaria is a free and independent state. Newspapers abound~there are fifteen dailies in Sofia alone-a large literature of good quality has been created, and excellent schools are very numerous. Of the children of primary school age 646,491 are in school. There are 5,200 primary schools and 62 secondary. Ninety per cent of the Bulgarian boys can read and write. The people are no longer in darkness. They are not heathen nor especially backward nor in any respect dull. They are alert, keen to take np new things and eager to improve their conditions. Moreover they are proud and very self-respecting. They have confidence in themselves, glory in their achievements of the last fifty years and resent the suggestion that they are in need of missionaries. "Missionaries to Patagonia and to Borneo, 0 yes, that's all right," they say, "but why should Christian America send missionaries to Christian Bulgaria1"

The situation in Bulgaria is similar to that in a farming community where there is an agricultural experiment station, a model farm conducted on scientific principles. It is certain that all the farmers are not going to adopt the new-fangled methods of that experiment station all at once. They would bungle things up badly if they did. Nor are they all going to leave their farms and begin working at the experiment station. That would ruin the community. What the men who conduct the model farm hope for is that most of the farmers in the neighborhood may gradually accept and adopt the better method employed at the model farm, or at any rate that th~ sons of the farmers may.

The situation is like the educational system in New York. The city is filled with first class municipal schools of a more or less efficient but somewhat stereotyped and rather inflexible type. Besides these municipal and state schools there are many private schools, experimental schools, model schools. These model schools are not cut to get all the children of New York within their walls. That would not only be impossible but a misfortune. They hope through their activity to exert an influence on the municipal school system and thus to change the schools which are attended by the vast majority of the New York children.

In a humble, unpretentious way, we want to form experiment churches, model Christian churches in Bulgaria. We hope and pray that the two thousand priests and the four thousand Orthodox churches may learn to use more effective Christian methods and to display far more of the Spirit of Jesus Christ. If the Spirit of Jesus comes into these places of worship and into the hearts of the worshipers, we believe that customs and influence contrary to Christ will gradually disappear.

American Christians come to Bulgaria not with pompous pretentions, and boastful words, but with the prayer that Jesus' Spirit

THE RELIGIOUS SITUATION IN BULGARIA

may glow in these churches and radiate out from them into the National Church, bringing life and power and love.

In this effort we have achieved considerable success. The old Church is now translating the Bible into the vernacular and distributing it, the priests are agitating vigorously for introducing preaching into the Church service, for shortening the ritual and for having it all rendered in the ordinary language of the people. Temperance liocieties are being formed, laymen's brotherhoods in various places [lre doing a very successful work, an agitation is being carried on for young people's societies, Sunday-schools are projected, religious literature is increasing and the priests are becoming much more independent and better educated. Every one of these changes is more or less the result of Protestant work in Bulgaria. In no place in South-eastern Europe is the Orthodox Church so liberal and so hopeful as here and in no other country has Protestant work been carried on without molestation. There can be no doubt that these things are vitally connected.

The missionaries try to add more of the Spirit of Christ to that which is found in Bulgaria in many Christian hearts, to bring more youths into the company of Christ's people, and to make brighter the light of Christianity which has never been extinguished here during the 500 years of darkness, ever hoping and praying that the old Church in Bulgaria may be filled with new power and a new vision, that it may experience a new Pentecost and lead this young and vigorous people toward real culture and civilization and salvation.

WHY EVANGELIZE THE BULGARIANS?

Because–First of all, we are commanded by our Lord to preach the Gospel "to every creature." (Mark 16: 15.) Because–The mass of Bulgarians do not know the Gospel of Jesus Christ and its significance.

Because–They do not read the Bible and are not encouraged to do so by their priests.

Because–They have not come to Christ to learn of Him and to follow Him.

Because–They are under religious systems that emphasize form without spiritual power.

Because–They do not know what is meant by salvation by faith which shows itself in good works.

Because–The priests claim prerogatives that belong to God-that of forgiving sins–and many of them are not godly men.

Because-Their religious leaders demand money for masses for the dead and other religious ceremonies but do not offer the Gospel and its blessings freely .

. Because–Where the Gospel is faithfully proclaimed in Bulgaria conversions have resulted, men and women and children being transformed in character and liie and many of them leading consistent Christlike lives.

Albania-a Neglected

BY REV. PHINEAS B. KENNEDY, KORTCHA, ALBANIA , , ROUND about unto Illyricum" wrote the Apostle Paul in his letter to the Romans. The root meaning of this name corresponds to the Albanian word liri, which means free- dom. Doubtless in the Apostle's day this ancient race of people occupied a more extensive territory than they do today for they have been driven back to these high mountain fastnesses by the inroads of the Goths, the Serbs, the Bulgars and the Turks. Ten mountain chains run across this little country and these Albanian mountaineers like to callthemselves the" Shqipetars" or Eagle people, the word shqiponje meaning eagle. James M. Ludlow in his "Captain of the J anisarries" speaks of their great national hero George Castriot Skenderbeg who died in 1468. In his boyhood Skenderbeg was carried away, with his three brothers, and was held as a hostage by Sultan Murad II. Although he was trained as a .Janisary he never forgot hill nationality or the religion of his father for in later years he came back in his military strength to claim his throne. It was after his death that the Venetians betrayed his country to the Turks and many Albanians became Moslems. Even today many of them still remember that their ancestors were once Christians.

In Valona, on November 28, 1912, the president of their provisional government, Ismail Qemal Bey, again raised the national emblem, a black double-headed eagle on a red background, "in whose folds," as Chekrezi has poetically said in his" Albania-Past, Present and Future, " "Skenderbeg had lain for Four Hundred and Fifty Years." Now this flag has been recognized by America and Mr. U. Grant Smith is our representative at Tirana, the capital of the nation, where the Parliament, made up of some seventy-five delegates, deliberates upon the national issues.

This beautiful little mountainous country has a remarkable variety of climate. While sheep and goats graze upon her mountains', and the best of grain and fruits are found in the cooler sections, olives, lemons, rice, and oranges are grown in the lowlands nearer the seacoast. It is a rich country but the Turks discouraged the opening of mines. Concessions are now to be sold by the Albanian government for the opening up of her rich stores of copper, iron, coal, oil and forests. The second best mine of bitumen in the world is in Albania. The water power is also markedly good and her beautiful extensive lakes will one day be world-renowned.

Under the British and Foreign Bible Society the New Testament, and parts of the Old, have been translated into Albanian. Along in the eighties the Albanian representative of this sOGiety, Gerasim 610 Kyrias, was on his way to take up evangelistic work amongst his fellow countrymen when he was captured by brigands and held for a ransom. Money was raised by the Christian people of England and America and Mrs. Kennedy's father, the late Lewis Bond, then a missionary in the neighboring city of Monastir, showed her the gold in a little tin box before it was sent to the brigands for MI'. Kyrias' ransom. Upon his l'elease, Mr. Kyrias established evangelical work in Kortcha, and in 1891, with the assistance of his sister Sevasti, (the first Albanian graduate of the American College for Girls at Constantinople), opened a school for girls- the only such school in Albania, using the vernacular. After his early death, his sister bravely continued this school work in the face of severe TWO SCHOOLS FOR ALBANIAN BOYS AND GIRLS. AT PAGRADEC ON LAKE OCHRIDA opposition on the part of the Turkish Government and the ecclesiastical authorities. Associated with her in the work of education and Christian enlightenment were Rev. Gligor Tsilka, now deceased, and Rev. Kristo A. Dako, author of "Albania, the Master Key to the Near East." Miss Sevasti Kyrias married Mr. Dako in 1910. They are now continuing their educational work in the capital of their country, Tirana, to which they have moved the Girls' SchooL In 1907 and 1908 the American Board commissioned two missionaries to Albania, Rev. P. B. Kennedy and Rev. C. T. Erickson, planning to do an aggressive work in this country with a central station at Elbasan. Wars and political upheavals have sadly interrupted these plans, but the country has meanwhile become independent of foreign control and now offers unprecedented opportunities for effectual missionary work along many lines. The American Board, feeling financially unable to meet these opportunities has with-

drawn from the field, to leave it open to any other Board which may be in a better position to take up this task. Professor.Jones, of Northwestern University, in his field report to the Methodist Conference estimates a necessary annual expenditure of from fifty to seventy thousand dollars for the establishment and conduct of the university which the Albanian Government is asking Christian America to open for the training up of future leaders.

No Mission Board is yet ready to meet this demand. In the meantime Mrs. Kennedy and I have returned to Southern Albania to conserve what has already been gained in the way of evangelical effort. In our old station, Kortcha, we are engaged in evangelistic and secondary educational work, at our own charges and with the aid of friends of the Albanian Mission. '* A Mohammedan Albanian of prominence urges us to go on with girls' boarding school work as at the present time in this student center of Kortcha there is no such institution for girls. The home makes the nation and in helping give Christian education to the future mothers of Albania we are rendering a great service. The President of the Albanian Autocephalous Orthodox Church called and bade us welcome to the work of helping uplift Albania, telling us that he anticipated the day when we would be permitted to speak freely in the Albanian Orthodox churches and to have org~nized Bible study. Would that the Christian Church had been able to maintain the preaching of the Gospel as fully as the Apostle once preached it here in the Near East.

Weare dealing here not only with a Bible-land people, but with a very ancient race. Prof. Max Muller believed that the Albanians are of a Pelasgic origin and antedate both the Latin and the Greek. With the recent establishment of their state these people are awakening to their individual responsibility and to their need of unity: One hears Mohammedans say: ""Ve Albanians do not wish to revert to the Mohammedan party or to the Orthodox party but what we do need is a new dogma to which we can all agree."

Aside from political activity we see signs of a religious awakening in spite of the adverse influences which are rapidly coming in with so-called Western civilization. This dissatisfaction with the old order of things may be a sign of reaching out, as that great missionary to this part of Europe once expressed it, "If happily they might find God. '.' Probably there is no more encouraging field for missionary work today than Albania. Such a strong, virile, intelligent race of people as the Albanians, reaching out for civil and religious liberty, deserves the privileges of the open gospel message.

At present there is no missionary board working in Albania and no Christian literature is being printed. "Pray ye the Lord of the harvest that He will thrust forth laborers into His harvest."

'c/o Guaranty Trust Co. of New York, 140 Broadway. New York City.

Relief of the Students of

BY FR.ED H. RINDGE, JR., NEW YORK Indnstrial Department of the International Y. M. C. A.

T HEHE are 250,000 students in Europe who are hungry, and ragged, but are determined to secure an education. Here is one man's appeal for help, expressed in his exact words: "I come at your presence and take the liberty to inform you that it became impossible for me to continue my studies in college as I lack means because, during' the Wodd War, we were exiled by the Turks, and suffered great losses. All the leaders of onr family died in exile; and after the end of this war, we, the survivors, returned to our country, where we found aU our property coniiscated. We had scarcely stood a few months when the Nationalists forced us to leave the country whence we escaped to Smyrna in ruinous condition. You know what happened then. Thus placing our conditions before your presence, I ask your kindness to accept me as a day student without payment or as you deem it best!"

I have seen and talked with such students in most of the countries on the Continent. Thousands of them are living on one meal per day and far too often that meal consists of merely black bread and coffee. Thousands are sleeping in railway stations, deserted stables, cafes, cold monasteries, hospitals, insane asylums or on the streets. Thousands more have no decent clothes or shoes. A winter overcoat in some colleges has become an object of rare curiosity. In several centers I saw students sharing their clothing with their roommates and taking turns going to classes. Medical students are pursuing their courses without instruments while Europe is in tremendous need of physicians and surgeons. Polish Galicia, where typhus has raged, boasts only one physician to 150,000 people. One third of all Hussia's doctors have perished. Students of law, business, engineering, agriculture and political science are without books. Yet Europe must have educated lawyers, business men, engineers, agriculturists and statesmen, or the whole world will suffer. ·We owe much to the ancient universities of Cracow, Warsaw, Vienna, Berlin, Prague and others. Their contributions to science and research have been enormous. Shall such contributions cease forever ~ Learned professors sell spectacles and writing paper on street corners to add to their meager incomes. Their suits are threadbare but they cannot afford new ones. Men who have spent years accumulating what seemed considerable money for "the rainy day" have found it a mere pittance because of low rates of exchange. Students who had secured a comfortable room near the University of Vienna 613

for 20.0. crowns in 1914 now ptl-y thirty times as much or resort to the park benches. Five hundred men and women at the University of Prague have built ten barracks with their own hands. The city furnished land, contractors gave materials, President Mazaryk contributed a large sum of money and women students cooked for the "laborers. " Those who worked two hundred and fifty or more hours have secured a free room for a year!

One woman student in Budapest married a refugee from Transylvania. For months they lived in a railway coach and tried to continue their education. Finally they secured one small room, two miles from town, and this serves as kitchen, dining room, bed room and parlor. A child has been born in the midst of direst poverty, but still they "carryon."

Michael is a Russian, a student in St. Petersburg before the war. He was badly wounded, part of his throat and jaw being shot away. He was captured by the Hungarians and taken to Budapest. At first the doctors despaired of saving his life as he could not swallow, but an eminent surgeon, interested in his case, determined to put him under a special course of treatment which lasted four years. A piece of bone from his leg was put into his jaw, a silver tube placed in his throat and he is now well and able to work again! During his first long period in the hospital he learned to speak Hungarian and, as it is impossible for him to return to Russia, he has secured a position where he earns about six dollars per month-'-sufficient to live on; but leaving very little margin for clothes or shoes. He passed last winter without an overcoat, as he possessed nothing but an old Hungarian uniform. The Student Relief Movement has now been able to help him with a gift of a sweater, socks and other essentials.

The plight of students and professors in Russia defies description. In Petrograd students have attempted to study in ten below zero. One man, and he is quite typical, lives with his family in a tenement where light and heat are permitted only once each week. His sister works in the theatre and receives as wages one plate of soup per day. He also endeavors to labor, but is paid in salt or decayed fish. All the prized family possessions have long since been sold. The mother has tuberculosis, but sews for paltry pay to help her children complete their education. The future is a blank, but as long as they can keep body and soul together, they struggle on!

Universities in famine areas have been in the worst plight. Many do not hold classes until late in the afternoon and one starts at ten o'clock each evening. Both students and professor& must work during the hours of daylight, in order to study at night! One college president is obliged to spend nearly half his year's salary for one pair of shoes. A single can of milk costs more than a student earns in two months. Several colleges have been without books since 1914 and without reliable news since 1917. Recently when a few

THE RELIEF OF THE STUDENTS OF EUROPE

scientific journals arrived, professors were as eager to read them as refugees are to secure their daily meals. Many other things are lacking. Doctors have been operating without anesthetics. Stealing has increased amazingly, for as one student expressed it, "No one can be honest and live!" Yet fifteen dollars, at present exchange, will feed a man for an entire year. And there are 100,000 students in Russia!

Probably the only hopeful thing regarding the whole situation is that many students have learned to work for the first time in their lives. A new sympathy has been established between college men and industrial workers. Many labor unions have waived the neces- sity of students becoming union members, and have cooperated with employers in discovering work for them. Even in Hungary and Germany over sixty per cent of all students-both men and women- are working. But it is often with a terrible tax on already frail bodies. Large numbers are affiicted with tuberculosis, nervous dis- eases and anemia. Others are simply too ill to work. While far too many have died or committed suicide or gone insane!

The disasters in Asia Minor' created an unparalleled situation. The destruction of great institutions of learning and the murder, enslavement and dispersion of students shook educational foundations to the depths. Here is a typical case of an Armenian nineteen years old, a college Sophomore. He speaks Turkish, Armenian, Arabic, English, French and German. During the period of Armenian deportation in 1916, when he and his whole family were captured, his father was killed before the eyes of the entire family-his mother, four brothers, two sisters and himself. His father was tortured by cruel flogging and by being dragged behind a wagon with a rope fastened around his neck. As a result of what she had witnessed, liis mother committed suicide by throwing herself into the Euphrates. Later all the brothers and sisters died of starvation in the Arabian desert. For fifteen days afterwards M- escaped by hiding among the dead, taking clothes to keep himself warm and eating raw animal flesh to avoid starvation. Fortunately he fell into the hands of Arabs who hold him as a slave. Hearing that the English had taken over Syria, he escaped from the Arabs and, by hiding during the day and fleeing at night, finally arrived at Halep, Syria. From there he went to Sis, one of the cities of Oilicia. There the Protestant church gave shelter and sent him to St. Paul's Oollege in Tarsus. Two years later he went to the International Oollege at Smyrna. During the great crisis there he escaped to the girls' college and from there through the mass of terrified people to the quay. Here he dodged Turkish soldiers, threw off his clothes and swam to a boat on which he escaped to Athens. Is he not worth saving!

Fortunately, early in 1920, the European Student Relief was organized under the World's Student Ohristian Federation. Starting

in Anstria, it gradually spread to Germany, Czecho-Slovakia, Hungary, Turkey, Poland, the new Baltic States and Russia. Students from forty-one different nations voluntarily contributed enough money to serve 90,000 of their fellows in 135 different institutions. The providing of food, shelter, clothing, books, supplies and other essentials was a heart-breaking task for relief workers, because many needy men and women were necessarily refused. In Russia the task of feeding twenty per cent of the ninety per cent who needed help was agonizing. Committees of students helped decide who should be served and to what extent. Wherever possible they required some slight payment for supplies, in order to secure additional help for other needy ones.

These student councils have proved to be veritable "disarmament conferences "-a disarmament of racial prejudices, all too common in the past. Sometimes a dozen or twenty nationalities are represented in these meetings, all cooperating in a common program of service. Indeed it is not too much to say that such work is laying the basis for future understanding between the nations!

Duri·ng the past year and a half the European Student Relief has provided 235,000 garments, 50,000 books, over 10,000,000 meals. No wonder some hollow cheeks have filled out again and the universities of Europe have been pervaded with new-found hope! Mental as well as physical suffering has been relieved. Despair and hatred have been supplanted by faith and better feeling toward the whole world.

Housing schemes, student hostels and clubs, employment bureaus, vacation resorts, sanatoria, clinics, libraries, cooperative kitchens have been opened in rapid succession. Emphasis is wisely placed on the initiation of self-help schemes. Thus groups of students are loaned money enough to organize shoe repair shops, tailoring establishments, book binderies, printing presses, jam factories, woodcutting camps and other undertakings which are now producing large returns. One school supply shop started in Budapest with a capital of only 2,000 crowns aud now boasts a monthly overturn of 12,000,000 crowns! In Warsaw students have actually secured contracts for 20,000,000 marks worth of shoe polish and half as much toilet soap! It seems incredible, but they are so driven to make a living that nothing can stop them, except severe illness or death.

I shall never forget the determined faces of men I met in some of the deserted army barracks which had been turned over to them. They slept on floors or tables, no bunks. There was no running water, not even wash stands or pails, chairs or even nails in the wall to hang their clothes on. One small oil lamp sufficed for twenty men, and often one textbook was being eagerly scanned by half of them, or one would be reading aloud to the rest. I kept wondering how many American students would pursue their education under similar

1924;J THE RELIEF OF THE STUDENTS OF EUROPE

conditions. Still more unforgettable were the faces of those same men when relief supplies finally arrived and they were given the essentials they really required. They were like children with toys from Santa Claus. Some were so grateful they wept. Others simply bowed their heads in their hands and sat immovable-too full for utterance.

An Hungarian thus expressed himself in the best English he could muster: "My aim and end, in the reaching of which I was prevented by four severe years of war and by hardships, I reached at last, yesterday. I have my diploma! In my great happiness, I remember with thankful heart those fellow-students and benefactors who sent their farthings to us poor students, struggling towards our goal among our thousand cares, sometimes ill and broken down, but with unrelenting perseverance. "

American money expands amazingly in some of the countries of Europe because of the exchange. A friend sent a five dollar note just before Christmas with the request that it be used for a gift to one or more needy students. It seems like a small amount, but this is what ~t accomplished. Two dollars was sent to a Budapest woman medical student. She needed clothing badly, but preferred to use the money in purchasing a much-coveted textbook which had long been beyond her financial reach. Another two dollars was forwarded to Prague and bought boxes filled with nuts and apples and a book each for three girl students who were ill in the hospital. The last dollar went to Poland and realized several thousand Polish marks. This was sufficient to purchase eggs and milk for a month for a poor student under medical care. The grateful fellow said, "I did not ask for help, yet you have come to me. I cannot understand it!" German students can be fed at six cents per meal while a good Russian breakfast can be provided for a few pennies. Fifteen dollars feeds a Russian for an e.ntire college year.

Governments like Austria, Germany and Russia have cooperated in furnishing free transportation for food and supplies. Storage facilities are often provided. Cities and colleges frequently match American gifts with equal gifts of their own-when they can hardly afford it. Student cooperative societies are growing rapidly and are seriously endeavoring to help themselves. Everywhere there is appreciation of American assistance and in former enemy countries the general sentiment is fairly expressed by one professor, "To think that you who fought us in war are feeding us in peace!"

America has not done it all. Students of forty other nations have contributed; earning the money by all kinds of methods. Many groups in Scandinavia have formed summer entertainment troops and earned large sums. Others have visited well known vacation resorts of Europe and collected considerable from well-to-do guests. Students of Holland, Norway and Great Britain have secured con- 3

tributions of food and supplies from producing companies. People of other nations have forfeited their holidays in order to collect funds. Street demonstrations, parades, "clothing raids," concerts and other features have brought large returns. Thousands of stu- dents all over the world have made real sacrifices, frequently goiug without at least one meal per day, in order to contribute the equiva- lent cash to their suffering fellow-students of other lands. Who calli doubt that this is developing a new internationalism among those leaders of the future 1 Thousands of students of many nationalities have forsaken the paths of bitterness, hatred and violence and are on the high road to hope, good will and peace. What could be more important in the present world situation1 .

The work of the European Student Relief has brought home to the students, at a particularly critical time, a new sense of mutual liability and responsibility, a desire on the part of large numbers to become enlisted in the fellowship and service of the World's Student Christian Federation, and a very important and promising appreciation of the ideals of the self-sacrificing students in other lands who have made the European Student Relief work possible.

One of the students said at the Parad Conference: "You have brought us much and shown us much that we had nearly forgot- ten. You have shown us that Christian love and human kindness are still facts in the world. 'Ve thank you for that. Believe me, wnat we have done is little compared with that.

"I have very little to say-and very simple things. We have seen here that on the other side of the great iron wall raised now between our nations and races, there are men and women like our- selves who try as we do in our own land to bring some happiness and fellowship into the world. Let us never forget that.

"We know that we cannot rely upon the older people of our lands to bring a better fellowship into the world. They cannot under- stand; but we young men and women can do so if we only dare.

Let us dare."

The Report on European Student Relief Work says: "The de- cision to continue this work was an act of courageous faith inspired by God-an act which has been God's method of quickening the Federation's sense of Christian obligation and of interpreting to us what Christ-like service truly embodies."

Activities of the

General Facts-Powerf1d Agencies at Home-Features of the Work Abroad BY REV. ;1. RlN~rAN, SODBRT~~I-,.JE, SWmmN Principal of the Swedish Bible and Missionary rrraining Institute T HE missionary activities of the Swedes have not sprung up lately and are by no means of an unsettled character. The mis- – sionary spirit has been displayed among Swedish Christians ever since the Middle Ages. Its first outlet, inspired by the reforma- , tion, was the definite step taken by King Gustavus Wasa and his men in the attempt (about 1540) to evangelize the pagan Lapps. This aggressiveness in the Christian faith among the Swedes was again put into operation when Axel Oxenstjerna, the right hand man of Gustavus AdolpJ1Us, 1634, made an appeal to the Lutherans in Ger- many to cooperate with Sweden and Holland in sending the Gospel to the heathen, in this case India.

The Swedes also were the first Protestant missionaries to the Indians in North America, inasmuch as in ] 638 they began to evan- gelize the Indians in Mohonk and Delaware. The first Swedish mis- sionary to the Indians was .Johan Campanius.

Swedish missionary interest was strong enough in 1848 to con- centrate itself on the forming of an independent national missionary society and the year 1861 another society (low church and evan- gelical) chose its own missionary field (Abyssini a) and sent out its own missionaries. In the years following', the icecrust of indif- ference to the missionary cause begall to melt not only on the surface here and there as the result of occasional and local revivals, but because of the hot-water-springs which in the very depths of tens of thousands of souls in Sweden had been called into action by the creative power of the Holy Spirit, Since then fifteen different missionary societies have been formed in Sweden and these societies support today over 600 missionaries on 25 foreign fields, Abyssinia, the Congo, South Africa, Central and South India, Central and North China being the largest. Some of the others are: Turkestan, Palestine, Egypt, Tunisia, North India, South America and Mongolia.

It is a noteworthy fact that, counting only these missionaries who are known to us in our own time, those who have gone out from Sweden are proportionately a greater number than any host of the heralds of the Cross from any other Christian country-not count- ing the large number of Swedes sent out and supported from America, All· Swedish ~issionary work is solely and strongly Protestant.

619

This is an important feature because a large number of nominal Christians constantly think and speak of Christian and missionary work without making any distinction whatever between Roman Cath- olics and Protestants. The consequence is that Protestant Christians often are held responsible for whatever the Roman Catholics deem worthv of the name of Christ in heathen lands. The Swedish mis- siona;ies have happily so far been spared being mixed up with Roman Catholics, -because not a single Roman Catholic missionary has been sent out from Sweden.

The Swedish missionary societies so far have been able on the whole to keep rationalistic theology 01tt of ·their ranks. But of course a crisis is reached by more than one of these societies as to what their attitude ought to be in the future.. It is very strange that the psychological aspects in connection with the promotion of modernist theology in the mission fields have in most cases been totally ignored. Such theology is spiritually sterile as it has operated in the preaching to or teaching of the non-Christians in heathen lands.

AGENCIES IN THE HOMELAND In Sweden the missionary societies are at work in much the same ways as in other countries. The main thing is in the spirit of the Gospel to give the best possible instruction as to the missionary message, methods and the results of the Gospel as it is spread among nations. That is to stir up missionary interest not merely by way of religious emotion, but by enlightment, scriptural knowledge, new inspiration to intelligent intercession and to systematic giving. To reach such results, other methods than the monthly or quarterly missionary sermon and the missionary magazines have had to be adopted.

Swedish Women Missionary Workers at Home and Lady Teachers' Missionary Union are the two oldest undenominational and in some respects the most impartial organizations in our country. Though these associations have their own missionaries to support, they nevertheless make a special point of making known the needs on the fields already occupied by the existing societies, to publish subjects for prayer and intercession and regularly to send in funds to the various Missionary Boards. These truly Christian women are, like Phebe, servants of the universal Church of Christ in a spirit of self-forgetfulness, liberality and perseverance which is, humanly speaking, beyond praise.

The Executive Committee of all Swedish Missionary Conference has been doing for the last twelve years both an extensive and thorough-going work with the view of giving all possible aid to all agencies employed in missionary deputation work. It has succeeded in forming a large number of well attended" study circles" all over the country, in getting the history and strategy of missions as a special subject entered on the curriculum of many both national, elementary, and high schools. It has prepared and engaged others to prepare a considerable number of missionary textbooks, it has gathered together all in Swedish existing missionary literature and thus collected a very valuable library in various sections. Books contained in each section can be ordered and had free of charge for a certain period of time.

A well-equipped lecturer on missions permanently attached to the theological faculty at the venerable Lund's University may too be counted directly or indirectly as a result of the influence from this same central missionary agency. Its productive secretary has, apart from everything else, during several years published in scores of daily and weekly papers information and latest news as to foreign missions. The present chairman of this executive committee is missions director E. Folks of the Swedish Mission in China (associated with China Inland Mission).

A quarterly review (Svensk Missionstidskrift) has also been published during the last twelve years by Professor A. Kolmodin of Upsala, a man everywhere acknowledged as an indisputable authority on missions..

FEATURES O}~ THE WORK ABROAD The first thing that ought to be emphasized in this connection is that if Swedish missionary work in some directions is particularlY notable this is in some respects due to the advantageous fact that our country has no political interest to guard and that it is no colonial power from which the natives may be inclined to fear any intrusion on their ground. It may be stated without any exaggeration that this very fact has been referred to by the natives in everyone of the twenty-five fields occupied by Swedish missionaries.

Swedish missionary work is still almost everywhere primarily evangelistic and secondarily educational. To witness and to preach is the main thing. To teach, train and educate is looked upon as of secondary importance most in accordance with the missionary manifesto of the King Himself. Nor even advocate comes in anywhere in the Gospels and only once in the Acts, while witness is the central word and repeated almost everywhere.

Swedish missionary societies have their schools, colleges and seminaries in the various fields, but by the grace and guidance of God these institutions of learning have been kept subordinate to the pure Gospel work among the masses. This large amount of preaching is done partly by the missionaries themselves and partly by the native evangelists and pastors.

Quite typical of the Swedish conception among the missionaries are some words of Rev. •T. Sandstrom in South Africa (Swedish Lutheran Church Missionary Society) who writes: "The Devil will never be able to destroy the work of Christ in the world, his works having been themselves destroyed by Christ. But the enemy seems to be able to divert our attention from the central and main thing in our missionary work: evangelisation. There are, to be sure, financial, cultural and philantropic aspects of our work not to be ignored. But let us remember, they constitute only thc outside, not the heart of the things for which we are here. In too many cases missionaries in various fields have forgotten the preciousness of the souls for 'whom Christ died and the result of their otherwise energetic work is often only II culftr.ra1 nothing or civilised heathen with a totally wrong conception of what Christianity really means."

Swedish missionaries may also he said to put more emphasis on aggressiveness rather than on attractiveness. They think in most cases that they are not to be satisfied with hoping that the people would he drawn to them, but they do go forth and strike out among men; go forth in the way of aggression. It is easy to become imitators in the way of methods and go ahead in certain forms of missionary work until the whole thing falls into ruts, harping on strings that are worn out. The Swedes have the notion that they have to do something rather than talk about it. True "the soldiers of Christ are seldom on parade." And yet, in the fear of God to present facts, though these facts may put oneself in the line of observation, is perfectly in harmony with apostolic spirit.

Swedish missionaries may be said to be stronger as individuals than they are powerful as a hody. This characteristic has both its strong and its weak side. It is a good thing to be independent in what is proved to be tne will of God. It is the more necessary as the majority of votes does not always express the Divine will. But self-reliance may be carried too far, creating discord between the workers of the same corps.

Within almost all Swedish missionary societies democratic ideas are said to be conspicuous, particularly so in the relationship between missionaries and the natives. This may be due to what is already referred to, the absence of any superiority on political grounds.

The high regard in which individuals are held is something characteristic of the Scandinavian offshoot of the Teutonic branch of the Aryan race and may be traced back to the earliest periods of our history. The Swedish missionaries' respect for the natives· as men of same inclinations, needs and ambitions has always proved to be a power for good in the foreign fields.

SOME STATISTICS While figures always are only of relative value, they may sometimes be allowed to say what they can. It ought however in this caSe to be kept in mind that the whole population of Sweden does not exceed 6,000,000. Of course, only a comparatively small number of these have any personal and active interest in Christian and missionary work and the majority of the supporters have only scanty means at their disposal. The statistics for 1920 are approximately as follows: Missionaries now at work sent out from Sweden to the various fields 625 Swedish Mission Stations: Main stations ……………………………… 160 Outstations ……………………………….. 1,003 1,163 Native helpers ……………………………………….. . 2,401 Native Christians within the churches about ……………. '.' …. 62,000 Schools· for children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,07.8 Pupils in same …………………………………… . 35,000 Colleges for students ………………………………….. : 16 300 Students in same …………………………………. .

Splendid· work is also done in industrial schools and in not less than 44 orphanages with more than 2,000 children in heathei? lands. . I..; In all missionary work there seem to be more than ever two very important things always to be kept in mind.

The first is that when we give people the Gospel of Christ, we do not give something that is of relative or casual value, but we give the only absolute and saving truth offered unto men.

The second thing is that "we tell the Gospel not to satisfy men but to satisfy God," as St. Paul puts it. True, the Gospel meets the deepest human needs though that does not mean that people always will approve of either the message or the messenger. But it does mean that in preaching it, in the right spirit, we satisfy God.

And does not that give more than it costs? The missionary Church of Christ in Sweden, as for one, has amply proved it.

ON THE HIGHEST AUTHORITY BY ROBERT E. SPEER I F the missionary enterprise is a mistake, it is not our mistake; it is the mistake of God. If the laying down of life in the attempt to evangelize the world is an illegitimate waste, let the reproach of it rest on that one priceless Life that was, therefore, laid down needlessly for the world. Nineteen hundred years ago, Jesus Christ came, to the best of all the non-Christian religions-the religion between which and all the other non-Christian religions a great gulf is fixed-Judaism. That religion He declared to be outworn and inadequate and the time had come to supplant it with the full and perfect truth that was in Him.

We bow our heads beneath the cross on which our Saviour hung, and for us no other word needs to be spoken regarding the absoluteness of His faith and the inadequacy of the half-teachers who have gone before Him or who were to come after Him. No word needs to be spoken to us beyond His word, "I came to save the world, " and the great word of the man who had loved Him dearly, whose life had been changed from weakness into strength by His power, and who was to die in His service: "And in none other is there salvation: for neither ii there any other name under heaven, that is given among men, wherein we must be saved."

A SCENE IN THE MARKET PLACE AT

The Kanakuru People of West Africa BY REY. PETER C. J . JANSEN Missionary in YaJa Province, Nigeria, since ]912 T HE Kanakuru tribe live about thirty-two miles north of the Benue, and four hundred and fifty miles east of the Niger River. The soil is fertile and the natives only cultivate suf- ficient soil to satisfy the immediate wants of the family. Sorghum mdgare preponderates, though millet, maize and groundnuts have their places. Okra and a large gourd are also grown to a certain extent.

The Kanakurus keep many horses and are able riders. They also keep herds of goats and sheep and a few cattle. Though the Gongola flows through the district, no one makes fishing an occupa- tion. The surrounding bush abounds with game. .

ShiUem, the chief town, consists of an irregular collection of round mud-huts in compounds, surrounded by grass mats. The king's compound occupies almost one fourth of the whole area and its en- trance consists of a square solid building of mud. The average size of the huts is about twelve feet in diameter, the height of the wall being about five to six feet, the only opening always facing west. The roof is thatched with grass. In entering a compound, one is led from enclosure to enclosure into the penetralia which is covered with a fine gravel, a convenient place for receiving visitors, for cookint food, etc. The interior of a hut looks very strange to Western eyes. The floor is covered with gravel and of furniture there is none. A plaited grass mat spread on the ground serves as a bed.

624

THE KANAKURU PEOPLE OF WEST AFRICA

The Kanakuru has to look after his hut and his farm and does not work hard. "Hankali, hankali" (softly, softly), is his motto. "Why," he asks, "should life be so full of work that there is not plenty of time for pleasure·~" The most important items in the day's program are the meals, usually two a day. Enormous quantities of food are consumed. A very stiff porridge is made of flour of Sorgh1tm vulgare and is eaten with a stew, usually made with beef or mutton, or a steak from a crocodile, leopard, hippopotamus or snake. Dogs, cats, rats, mice, bats and squirrels are by no means despised in a stew.

It is supposed that the Kanakuru tribe came from the northeast, forced down by a superior civilization, probably by the Fulani people, but they have always been free. The Hausas gave them their name which is, no doubt, taken from their greeting. The first greet- KANAKURU CARRIERS CROSSING THE ZONGOLA RIYEJR AT .SHILLEM ing in the morning is: ' 'Yowa. " Answer: ' 'Kanakow"; first: "Kana kudinga"; answer: "Kana ku jang jang." They have no collective name but are named after the different villages. Shillem means an open place.

The Kanakurus are lean, tall, well-built and muscular. The wand of office carried by the priests is forked at the top and is used only during the wet season (July to October) when their chief sacrifices take place. They believe that the Supreme Being, Progm is the creator and is father of all. He is in "heaven" and hates evil; he is to be feared. If a very evil man dies and comes to his place he will be refused entrance. Mter death the spirits go to a small hill east of Shillem. It is a nice place and they are supposed to work and marry as in their life time. ·When there is a feast in the town they all return to look on and may be "seen" now and then by a favored few.

The Kanakurus have certain favored jujus as, for example, snake jujus. If one has been bitten by a snake an offering of beer is made and drunk by the people to honor that juju. Oath-juju is said to be kept in a special hut. The man to be sworn goes to that hut and places himself in front of the priest and says: "If I have done this act let me and my family die here." The person committing perjury will die, but the fear of this juju is so great that no one who is gllilty cares to do it, but always confesses his guilt if challenged. If the accused be proved innocent the accuser is called on to pay four goats as compensation.

A sacrifice takes place in December and is celebrated in honor of their ancestors. The king kills three bulls, the blood of which is sprinkled over the doors while the meat is divided among the people. For three days the usual drinking and dancing go on.

THE KING c-F SHILLEM AND SOME OF HIS WlVES Every second year after the ancestor feast the boys who have reached manhood spend one month in the dry river bed dancing from morning till night. The people are at liberty to go and beat them as much as they like. Their bodies are full of scars inflicted by bamboo wands. When this trial is ended the boys are considered men and have a right to speak in public.

Polygamy is universal and is by no means resented by the women. The first wife has the leading position, a status to which the others cannot attain. The first wife therefore welcomes the companionship of other women and their help in the household and on the farm. But the results of the system are evil.

The life of the Kanakuru is simple, but he eagerly seizes the opportunity for improvement. He welcomes the European and begins to realize that his way of living and belief is better than his own. He wants to know of the forces which lie at the root of European thinking.

Four years ago, when the Danish Branch of the Sudan United Mission opened a station at Shillem, the name of Christ had never been proclaimed there.

The king, himself a pagan, has unfortunately several Moslems on his council and they naturally try to influence him and to draw him toward I slam. If that happens the result will be disastrous. But that will not happen if those who work amongst the Kanakurus truly represent Christ by their words and by their lives. The missionaries are now welcomed by the Africans, but the time may not be far when we shall witness the same state of affairs in West Africa and Africa at large as we do now in the Orient.

The work at Shillem is encouraging. A few young men have definitely decided to follow Christ and receive regular instruction.

The old paganism is tottering, and the people of that great dark continent must be won for Christ. The Cross will conquer there as it did in Europe when it was first proclaimed centuries ago.

On Sunday mornings th e small congreg'ation at Shillem joins with mallY all over the world in singing: Jesus shall reign where 'er thc sun Doth his successive journeys run; His kingdom stretch from ShOl' C to shore, Till moons shall wax and wane no more.

HOSPITAL PATIENTS AT CHRISTMAS AT SHTLLEM

Story of Allen

BY MRS. RALPH C. NORTON, BRUSSELS Director of the Belgian Gospel Mission ALLEN BENNETT was born in very humble circumstances, and f i grew to a somewhat stunted young manhood, with scanty privi- leges as to education and general culture. He worked for a time at the docks, unloading ships' cargoes, and seemed quite devoid of any higher ambition. Then a terrible crisis came into his life. His brother died and together the family set forth on their sad journey to the place of interment. The automobile, in which Allen, his mother, aunt and grandfather were, sought to clear a railroad track before an oncoming train, but the locomotive caught them, and in a moment three lives were crushed out. Allen himself was caught on the pilot of the locomotive and when they found his poor broken body after the train had been brought to a standstill, no one thought he could survive. He passed the greater part of the following two years in a hospital but there the great event of his life took place. A Christian nurse bore witness to the Saviour and the great light was kindled in the young man's life.

Later Allen went to the Bible Institute of Los Angeles to prepare for his new Master's service. His family and friends at home did not sympathize with him, so at the end of his Bible Institute course he faced the world practically alone. Remembering his wonderful deliverance from death, Allen felt a call to foreign missionary service and volunteered for Africa.

At first what one saw in Allen Bennett was a stunted, slender figure, a singularly open face topped by a ludicrous mop of fair hair standing defiantly upright, but the sunny expression of his face showed the light of a hidden glory. Finally he set out for the Congo.

Months passed by, marked by an occasional letter, always filled with cheer and encouragement. Then one day another letter arrived saying that Allen had gone Home to his reward and to a release from suffering. Mr. Gibble wrote: "The natives loved him with all their heart. They took to him at first sight and on the morning after his death, as we passed near to his solitary tomb, we saw there two Christian natives, kneeling in prayer and weeping as if they had lost in him their best friend…. The tribe of Banu has great need of a missionary station. Now I feel that God has called us to found a station in this tribe that Allen Bennett and I had explored with that purpose in view. The site is about two hundred kilometers from Bassay and one hundred and eighty kilometers from Bangui."

Will some young soldier of the Cross take up the work that Allen Bennett began~ 628

Bolivian Indian

BY GEORGE ALLAN, SAN PEDRO, CHARAS, BOUVIA I N 1897 the writer established a council in Melbourne, (Aus- tralia), for the South American Evangelical Mission, then a Canadian organization with headquarters in Toronto and a branch council in Liverpool (Eng.). A few. years later Liverpool became the chief center of the mission, and the Australasian section was pushed out into independence.

In 1907 this independent Australasian mission took the name Bolivian Indian Mission, and decided to aim chiefly at the evangelization of the Indians of Bolivia (the Argentine branch of the work having dissolved). For ten years the organization was British, until in 1917, Councils having been formed in New York and Los Angeles, it became international in character.

Like most missions of its kind the B. I. M. has to confess to having caught its main inspiration from that great organization, the China Inland Mission, whose interdenominational and faith basis it follows, as well as many of its methods of government, and its very strong emphasis on the fundamentals of our Christian faith.

Its aims have already been expressed in brief by the one expression "the evangelization of the Indians of Bolivia." Every activity of the mission is meant to tend in that direction.

The Indians tell our itinerant native preacher: "We would never have believed, had you not told us, that God would pardon our sins, or that He loved us enough to provide free salvation for us, for we have always been made to pay for our religion, even to going without food to do so."

It is our chief aim, above all else, to let them know that God does love them and has provided free salvation for them, and to do it free of any initial cost to them. We hope, when they begin (some of them) to know the power of Christ and His Cross, they will want to tell their own people the story too; but meantime our duty was clearly expressed less than a fortnight ago by a hearty Indian woman, as she was pressing our lady workers to come again and repeat the story to her. She said: "If I didn't want to hear it, the responsibility would be mine; but since I do want to hear it, the responsibility is yours."

We endeavor to attain our aim by varied methods as the case seems to demand. We are here to serve the Indian and the white people also, in every way we can, i. e., in every way that seems to help toward the main purpose of their evangelization-medical aid is given in time of sickness, schooling for children, evangelization is carried on by preaching in halls, at the street-corner, in jail, and the 629

telling of the story of salvation to the Indians in their humble homes, in the fields where they work, by the wayside, etc.

The other day a visiting professor from a Northern university expressed the view that the order here given was the right one-first the body, healing in sickness and hygienic teaching as to how to keep well; then the mind, a sufficient schooling to be able to understand Divine truths; and then, when the other conditions had been brought about, the preaching of the Gospel. We disagree with this professor's view for several n~asons.

(1) It is a human plan-not the Divine one. In our Saviour's day "the poor had the Gospel preached to them." When men conceive that a mental preparation is necessary to an understanding of the Gospel, it is probably because they themselves are thinking of an intellectualized Gospel, which only college professors are sup- posed to be able really to know! (2) The Divine plan, of going straight to the heart with the Gospel first, leads to a far quicker and more thorough cleaning up of physical and mental conditions than is possible by educational methods., i. e. in those cases in which the Gospel reaches the heart.

(3) The human plan is dangerous, because a preparation first and the giving of the Gospel afterwards, means the giving of the Gospel to one whose preparation may have awakened ambitions for worldly self-advantage, which may have shut the heart against the Gospel instead of opening it to the Christ.

So we press the Gospel on the children in our schools, on the sick we treat (and these are many) on the prisoners in the jail, on Quichua-speaking Indians, on those whose best-understood tongue is Aymara, and on the half-castes and whites who pride themselves on their good Spanish speech.

Five main villages-four in Charcas province and one in a neighboring province-are occupied. In all of these five centers there are preaching halls; in all of them much medical work is done; and in four out of the five, schools have been opened, (two in San Pedro) in which over 200 children are being t~ught. .

The open air plaza meeting on Sunday afternoons in San Pedro is interesting on account of its polyglot character. Hymns are sung in Spanish, in Quichua and in Aymara, while fifteen minute messages of the Gospel are given in the two Indian tongues.

The whole New Testament has been translated into Quichua for the British and Foreign and the American Bible Societies in a.gree- ment, and is being published by the latter in diglot (Spanish-Quichua) in New York. This will be an immense advantage in evangelizing the Quichua-speaking people of Bolivia.* .

• There are 39 workers in the missioD-B:ri)tiahers and Americans. It has Home Councils in London (Eng.). New York and Los Angeles (U. S. A.) and in Dunedin (N. Z.) and Adel'l-id,~ (Australia). beside many local representatives in all the countries named~ ..-

BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHLENBERG BLDG., PHILADELPHIA, P A

FORWARD-FACING OBSERVA'l'ION CARS T HE most popular car on through trains in America is the observa- tion car. It is usually full of comfortable passengers, lounging in armchairs, who never see anything until after they hav!? passed it. Some of the mountain-climbing trains move their observation cars from the rear to the front so that forward-facing passengers may see what is coming.

"Hats Off to tbe Past: Coats Off to the Future" was the subject of an address recently dElivered by a distinguished judge. It is well that we sit sometimes on the rear observation car studying things that are past and passing. III is well that we pause to reflect and to take off ORr hats to the past and learn its lessons. Let us not fail, however, to take a seat sometimes on a forward-facing observation car with coats off to the future.

"I WISH I HAD-" Leaders must be forward-looking We are yet in the days of substi- prophets, as well as backward-looking tutes. "I will" is an excellent sub- observers.

stitute for "I wish I had." NEXT YEAR'S OONFERENOES "I wish I had worked harder to "How I wish we had more of our bring more delegates to the summer members here!" sighed a delegate in the midst of a summer eonferenee. conference. " Now it is a well-known faet that "1 will work harder this year." sighs do not register delegates. "I wish I had planned our mission study classes to have everything ready During this year's conferences is the time to plan for next year's atto begin in the early fall." tendance. "1 will plan this year's work ahead If you are in August and September of time." conferences, look ahead to next year. "I wish we had more trained lead- Send conferenee postcards to the folks you wish were there this year. ers. " "1 will begin to work with the chil- dren."

"I wish we had more money for There are always eards of local in- missions.' , terest. The Women's Missionary So- "1 will help to provide stewardship ciety of the United Lutheran Church training for the Sunday-school and in America has issued for this year's the chttrch." eonference a special posteard that we Lift up your eyes! Look forward reproduee on the next page.

and do now the things that are to be Letters enelosing eonference pro- and should be. Some one has said grams and leaflets with inspiring that the best way to save your sighs messages should be mailed so that the is to look forward to the things that friends you wish were with you this ten years from now you'll wish you year may begin to plan tQ be there had done. next year, 631

192 QU'D like this l1erlj pleasant place So full of friends and fun And wa learn something fine each dalj- That helps us, el1erljone.

But we should like it better still If some we miss were here So please make up ljour mind right now That ljou will come next ljear.

Sometimes a mlSSlOn study t ext- missionary education of the children book, or a 'Year's subscription to the she taught. She organized a chil- MrsSIONARY REVIEW OF TIm WORLD or dren's missionary society with a large E1J eryland will be a monthly re- membership. Some of the older girls, minder. who were her first helpers, are now leaders themselves. Many churches Begin now to get up your delega- have felt the influence of the work of tion for next year's conference, Do these two delegates whose expenses not leave it to chance. Use the selec- were paid hy a friend who made a tive instead of the elective method of real investment. obtaining missionary leaders. Select delegates who have ability and possi- * .. .. bility and arrange for some organiza- A. leader sat down to make out her .. tion or individual ..to s..end them. summer conference schedule. There were before her thirty-five invitations. The most fascinating continued She could accept only six. The other twenty-nine stood out accusingly_ stories which will be forever continued She recognized their accusation-in- efficiency. Real leadership requires with new chapters happening each not only the doing of work oneself but the training of future leaders, day are the . stories of missionary She thought over her list of friends carefully, noting two who had espeleadership. Several years ago a wom- cially fine capabilities, and arranged for them tl) attend a missionary trainan of wealth, influence, and consecra- ing conference.

tion, paid the expenses of two teachers In declining two invitations, she wrote, "I regret I cannot accept your to a suIlllner missionary conference. invitation myself, but I know of two young women who are going to take Both of the teachers were young wom- training courses in summer confer- ences for the very line of work for en of unusual ability who had never which you want leadership." She helped the two young leaders to select had very close missionary contacts. tll~:i" <;Q1!f!!eS and plan their work.

The conference made a deep im- press in their lives. 'l'hey were r eal students_ Their notes on mission study, Bible study and methods of work were so carefully and fully made that upon their return they knew what they wanted to do and how to do it, l!~"1 One gave herself especially to the

BEST METHODS

Both of them were invited to lead some of the finest opportunities for the courses at summer schools on her Gospel have come to us thr(}ugh snch irrecommendation and both did very relevancies. "How much does it cost to successful work. convert a Chinaman ~" David Sutherland was asked., and quick as thought came the THE CHURCH IN THE STREET answer, "JlIst as much gS it takes tOo con- vert a Scotsma;n – not with corr"ptible An Experiment in Home Mission things like silver and gold, but with the precious blood of Christ." The effect was Method.. electrical.

One Saturday evening about four None among Qur band of mission.,… is years ago, among the usual church foolish enough to believe that much is likely notices appearing in a Glasgow paper to be done by our arguments, excellent as was one that was unusual: they often are; but we are filled with a better hope as we ~ the Gospel, which we An Appeal to Non·Churchgoers preach, making ever more cordial and affec- tionate our relations with many who, when Has the Gospel a message for the we got to know them first, were violent and present age ~ bitter in their antagonism to the Church; and as we witness the Spirit of God coming We believe that it has and are< pre- to darkened minds, estranged hearts, and pared to vindicate our belief at the embittered lives across the bridge of human Corner of Holland Street on Sunday sympathy whieh He has enabled us to build, evellings at 8· 0 'clock. Questions in- we are made glad in the assurance that He vited. owns and hlesseB our work.

The notice was signed by Gordon We have noW a regular congregation of Quig (St. Paul's Parish), Alex. Spark three to foul' hundred, gathered, for the (St. Matthe"w's, Blythswood Parish), most part, from those who formerly never and John Brash (Blythswood United darkened a church door. The Holland Street Free Church). !feeting is now their church, and they are immensely proud of heing in its membership. The following Sunday night a large crowd composed the congregation of Further referenee to a significant develo'P' the chnrch in the street. Every Sun- ment of this work during the past year may day night during the summer the at- be permitted. The desire for a debating tendance grew. When the cold nights society, to meet on a week-night, when opof winter came the large hall of portunity for less restricted exp1'8ssion of Blythswood was filled to overflowing. opinion than is possible under the question- The speakers were always ministers. and-answer method of onr Sunday evening The cooperating in action of churches meeting would be giYen, became so insistent of different denominations was and that we felt compelled to start the Freecontinues to be one of the special fea- J~allce Dehating Sodety, to meet fortnightly tures of strength. for the discussion of literary, social, re- ligious, and political SUbjects. The order of service is exceedingly simple. There are a few verses of In its first session this daughter of Hol- Scripture, followed by an address of land Street almost equalled the parent about twenty minutes. Then from society in interest and enthusiasm. The two forty-five to sixty minutes are devoted great events of the session were: to questions and answers, at the close of which all stand in reverent silence 1. The debate on "That the Present Govfor the Lord's Prayer whether or not ernment is Unworthy of Support," at which they join in repeating the words. every colour in the political spectrum was visible, from violent cousenatism to red or Rev. John Brash of Scotland says: violent communism; yet so fine a spirit of camarad9rie binds tIle desperate elements The unceasin g flow of questions is a per· of our Holland Street congregation together petual astonishment-even at the end of an that the chairman on that occasion had one hour there are always more to come, 98 the of the easiest joba in his experience, for putting of questions in some ways is a more the hitting, though hard, was always difficult art than the answering of them. gentlemanly, and the enthusiasm, though Irrelevant questions, of course, are put, but great, never even suggested disorder.

4 2. The public debate hetween Mr. Guy A. Aldred, the well-known controversialist and Hyde Park orator, and the R€v. Garn-pbell M. Maeleroy, the equally well-known min- ister of Victoria Park United Free Church, on "That Modern Knowled/(e Renders tha Theistic Position Untenable."

This debate arOSE> out of the -profonnd impression made by Mr. Maeleroy on the Sunday evening when he dealt with the sub- ject of science and religion.

MANY METHODS OF MANY MINDS solved a problem which faces many societies having a large proportion of BODle-Made Dram.atizations working women. It maintains what is called the Evening Branch, having A Flint church presented, very ef- an organization of its own, enrolling fectively, a simple dramatization those women who are employed durwhich resulted in an increased inter- ing the day and so are unable to meet est of mothers of America in mothers with the regular woman's society. and children of the world. Its sessions are held on the evening An American mother was the prin- of the same day on which the regular cipal character. When a missionary society meets and the subject is the leader called to invite her to join the same. The women who have the prin- 'Vomen's Missionary Society she gave cipal partfl in the day's program rethe usual excuses, none of them rea- peat them for the benefit of their sons. sisters who would otherwise be de- prived of the priyileges which they Among other things, she claimed enjoy. Thus the one preparation does that the care of her own children re- for both meetings and the business quired so much time and work and women are able to have the advanworry she could do nothing else. tages of the research work done by After exhausting her stock of argu- those who have more Ieisure, and the ments, the memhership solicitor leaves, programs can be brought to a high and the mother falls asleep. standard without overburdening wom- en whose daily vocations make it im- As she slept, the mothers of dif- possible for them to do much work. ferent cou;ntries appeared and told of how little they and their children -Jessie E. Swan. have as compared with the privileges which she and her children have. Roll Cla.ll Up_to_Date As they disappeared, she awoke and The Woman's Societv of the Union pledged herself to help· share with Presbyterian Church of Endicott, N. them and their children the blessings Y., is trying a new plan this year. It and privileges which were hers. This has been using miscellaneous topics can be worked up by any well-in- which coyer the foreign and home formed missionary woman. mission fields onee in each year, but nothing very definite in the line of -Mrs. Collins J. Brock. missionary education resulted. The study books have been used in a sep- Stamps and Missions arate study class~ and the members t<eemed to feel that they must keep We use the stamps from :inission up-ta-date with the work on the field lands as a medium of dissemi;nating by this haphazard method. missionary information. After a stereopticon evening, we ask the boys This year we are assigning to each and girls to write what they remem- active member some part of the misber of the lecture and offer stamps sion field on which she is to report in of foreign lands as a recognition of answer to roll call at each meeting, merit. being so limited as to time as to keep this part of the session within its A mother, who is not a member of proper bounds, the members having the missionary society,. reports her the stations for that month in the great joy over the intense interest of -Prayer Calendar having a little more her son in the lectures and the stamps. time allowed than the others. The re- mainder of the hour is to be spent -Eleanor Doan Burk. with a program on one of the study books. ••• Evening Meetings for Business Women The Woman's·Missionary -Society of the New York Avenue Presbyterian Church of Washington, D. C., has

It is surprIsmg when one is col- York, went to Boston and saw the lecting items on a subject, how every- sights there, then on to Chicago where thing one reads and hears will con- we transacted our business and from verge toward it, and how the interest there to the fruitlands of California grows with the definiteness of pur- and San Franciseo, the city of the pose, and the discipline in condensa- West. The parsonage was the Grand tion clears the mind of rubbish and Central Station in New York City.

fixes the valuable portions in the .A home about six blocks away was memory. Boston. Chicago, another home, was Thus the roll call, formerly an- three blocks away, and San Francisco swered by a perfunctory reading of about five blocks distant.

quotations which made no perceptible At the Grand Central Station, we impression, becomes a means of real purehased our special-rate tickets for acquisition of llseful information, the ten cents. The tickets were made so easier retained when recited, because that parts could be torn off by the "what we give, we have." conductors as we went from place to -Jessie E. Swan. place. When the tickets were pur- chased, the ticket agent wrote the A Church School ot MinioJUI buyer's name on the top section, tore The Tioga Presbyterian Church, it off, and kept it for a record. When Philadelphia, of which Rev. Robert our delegation or party was all as- R. Littell, D.D., is the pastor, con- sembled. we lined up in our respective ducted a School of World-wide Chris- groups, C'alled "cars," and with our tianity each Wednesday evening dur- section partner as our tiekets desiging the month of February. nated. Two people were assigned to each section and ten to each car. A splendid spirit of interest and Each car had a conductor who col- enthusiasm manifested itself through- lected tickets in his coach. .At each out the entire course. The program station we changed cars and section consisted of a fifteen minute devo- partners. tional service. This was followed immediately by class periods from 8: 00 When we arrived at Boston, a name to 8: 40, the audience separating into of an historical place, event, person, four classes-one each for men, wom- building or monument was pinned on en, young people and children under each one's back, and he or she had to the direction of expert instructors. guess what name was pinned on him At _8 : 45, everyone reassembled to by asking his neighbors questions that hear an address by a prominent mis- could be answered by "yes" or "no. ' , sionary or secretary of the boards. ,Ve could not gtay longer in Boston The course !'losed with a grand rally, with an inspiring address by Dr. than to see all these places and to Robert E. Speer. have some Boston baked beans and brown bread, so we journeyed on to A dinner conference was held prior Chicago after enjoying these refreshto the rally, at which time about 200 ments. visitors met for instruction regarding the Every Member Canvass. The At the B. Y. P. U. headquarters in Chicago, we transacted our business canvass was the most successful in the and while we were waiting to be history of the church. In 1,030 served with "weenie" sandwiches and pledges, $17,827.60 was contributed to pickles (for Chicago is the meat-packchurch support, and $14,785.80 to ing center), we told all the things that missions and benevolences. we had seen in Chicago that began with A, then those that began with "TraJUlcontinental Tour" B, and so on, each one repeating what the others had seen. A ~aptist Young People's Union After anot her change of cars and party took the form of a "transcon- partners, we started for the city of tinental tour." We started from New San Francisco. Here we played

"Fruit Basket Upset" and a similar and methods would prove helpful. game in which each one had the name Very practical Imggestions could be of a fruit. When one who is in the given to meet local conditions. This center, blindfolded, calls the names of can be done more easily in a denomitwo fruits, they exchange places and national school. the one in the center tries to catch one of them. Shiny red apples and Themes and more themes are writraisins were served, and we ended our ten each year by students, treating evening of fun with a "sing." many different subjects. Could mis- sionary subjects be suggested or as- RUTH M. CAMPBELL, signed? Surely they would present a great field for study, and the result Baptist Student Secretary, Ypsilanti, Mich. would be not only interesting themes but interested writers as well. *** In one college, the girls agreed that Keeping Students in Touch with Mis- one of the best meetings of the year was the one in charge of the daughters sions of missionaries. That year there hap- pened to be three-one whose parents On visiting one of our colleges, I were in China, one in Porto Rico, and came into the girls' dormitory just as one in the Philippine Islands. Each the mail was being distributed. " A. brought a message from her respective letter from China!" greeted my ears, field. and off went three or four girls to a comfortable spot to read the letter. During the school year, students are On inquiring, I found that a number kept busy reading the books preof the girJs were earrying on corres· scribed in their various classes, but pondence with school girls in our mis- the summer offers a splendid opporsion fields and that this had been the tunity for them to read some of the means of interesting many hitherto missionary books. The distribution uninterested girls. of an attractive list of books especially adapted, would be appreciated by How important it is to have the in- them. terest of the college students in our mlssIOnary program! The great A prayer calendar made out for qucstion is how shall we create and the summer months, with a special obmaintain sueh an interest. Pageantry, ject of prayer for each day, if used, open forums, daily prayer groups, will strengthen the lives of the stuehapel addresses, study classes, ex- dents and prepare them for better hibits of foreign art, industry and service in the fall. The special objects costumes and posters all form avenues might includc missionaries, mission for the presentation of missionary in- projects, foreign students in America, formation and the arousing of inter- and uninterested students. est. JANET GILBERT, n is great to be a senior in college Secretary, Young People's Work, we all agree, but we will agree also United Brethren Church. that it carries with it responsibilities. The folks at home and in the home You ARE HELPED BY THE SUGGESTIONS church are eagerly waiting for the MADE BY OTHERS. You MAY HELP home-coming of students. They have had dreams~of what great service the OTHERS BY MAKING SUGGESTIONS. SEND students can render as leaders among tIle young people. Students will not A NOTE TO THE EDITOR OF BEST METH· want to disappoint them. Therefore, an intensive training course of an ODS TELLING OF SOME OF THE METHODS hour a day for a week in the spring, emphasizing the opportunities for YOU HAVE FOUND SUCCESSFUL. SOME· service which await them as they return to their local church and present- TIMES THE PLANS THAT ARE THE MOST ing up-to-date missionary information SIMPLE ARE THE MOST EFFEal'IVE.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIF'fH AVE., NEW YORK TEACHERS THREE in rural work through the coopera- tion of rural missionary departments I rested awhile in a quiet nook so recently organized should not be And found there teachers three- misinterpreted, nor should they be criticized for not making more rapid One was a bird, and one was a brook, progress in overcoming the effects of And one was a green, green tree. previous neglect. It should be re- membered that the attempt to estab- The wee bird sang a ch€terful song lish the Christian rule among men has That no one heard but me, now been going on for about 2,000 years and the end is not yet attained And it seemed to say: " Yon 've heard my in any phase of modern life. lay; . Educational Pass on Its melody."

The brook flowed on in a glad, glad way, Smiling at the rock's rebuff.

I ,j have no room," it said, "for gloom; I laugh when the road is rough."

The green tree stood with wide, wide boughs, Interest in summer schools of the Methodist Episcopal Church is greater Like hands outstretched to greet, than ever before. Nearly 5,000 rural ministers have received training dur- And when the branches stirred I caught ing the time these schools have been in operation. The Methodist Episcothis word: pal Church, South, has more than doubled attendance upon its summer "Be a friend' to all you meet." schools and plans are under way for enlargement of the program. No one . -E. C. Baird. can estimate the influence of these TOWN AND COUNTRY schools. For large sections of the country those phases of so-called dem- By PAUL L. VOGT, Chairman onstration work that eight or ten years ago were heralded as a contri- H;Z~~i~~ron~epc~ncli !~d 8g~~ltt~i Wfo~:: bution to rural church methods have now become, as a result of the summer for Home Missions. schools, so commonplace as no longer to be considered news worthy of As it is now nearly fifteen years publication. This is particularly true since the first Department of Rural of church leadership in social and Church Work was established it has recreational activities. been thought wise to present a brief summary of the progress of interest That very few all-round rural in rural religious missionary agencies. church programs are under way will probably continue to be the case in- The example of the Presbyterian de1lnitely. But a large proportion of Church in the U. S. A. in organizing churches now serve their communities a separate Country Church Depart- through social activities, boys' and ment in 1910 has been followed by girls' clubs, church training nights, other denominations, as follows: Mora- Vacation Bible Schools, and other vian, ]912; Methodist Episcopal, forms of modern service. Gradually 1916; Baptist, 1918; Methodist Epis- old-type church buildings are being copal, South, Congregational, United replaced by new structures adapted Brethren, Church of the Brethren, to modern conditions. Surveys show and Roman Catholic at various dates surprising unanimity of thought that since 1918. The Protestant Episcopal in the near future most of our present Church is in process of organizing such a department. The Disciples of Christ have assigned rural work to the social service department of that church. Preparations are being made for a more aggressive program of advance than ever before. Seeming slowness in bringing about the millenium 637

rural church buildings and equipment and religious educational church con- must be replaced by modern plants. ditions and has under way special Educational activities of the rural de- studies designed to throw light upon partments have resulted in a national some of the fundamental conditions movement for rural church building affecting rural religious life in vil- improvement that will bring marked lages and open country. The Amer- changes in the next ten years. ican Country Life Association has sensed the urgent demand on the part Rural Extension Work and Leadership of rural laymen for continued inter- Training in Colleges est in the spiritual forces of the coun- The movement for special prepara- try, a~ shown by the urgent invitation tion of minist(lrs for rural work has continued. The Methodist Episcopal to give this topic special consideration Church, Methodist Episcopal Church, South, Congregational Church and at their next annual meeting. the Baptist denomination have all either started or are seriously consid- The Reformed Church in the United ering beginning special departments of rural church work in connection fltates has made special investigation with their theological seminaries. The Methodist Episcopal Church, South, of rural churches and has published has established such departments at the theological seminary at Dallas, a rcport of findings. This denomina- Texas, and at Hendrix College, .Conway, Arkansas. The Congreg~tlOnal tion has also begun publication of a Church has such a department ill connection with Carleton College, Min- periodical specially related to its nesota. The Methodist Episcopal Church has added Simpson College, rural work. "Home Lands, " published Iowa Mt. Zion Seminary, Georgia, and 'Murphy College, Tennessee. by the Presbyterian Church in the Work is temporarily abandoned 'because of local conditions at McKen- U. S. A., is serving all denominations dree College, Illinois, and at Mt. Union College, Ohio. The Northern as medium for discussion of methods Baptist Convention has provided for six state field workers in as many of rural church work. The Northern states independent of educational institutions. Rural work at educational Baptist Convention reports 1,336 cominstitutions, and independently of them, has passed th~ experimental munities where the Baptist is the only stage and may be conSIdered a permanent and. growing feature of the move- Wevaesnto~'etlhicoaulsacnhdusrcohf. Throughout the ment to meet modern demands for a communities have trained leadership. been discovered with no church. In western Vashington out of 573 com- munities of one thousand population or less, 379 had no churches. Vast sec- tions in Kentucky and Tennessee, once fairly well churched, have been aban- doned. In one of these communities killings are going on at the rate of one a week, in another twelve murders were committed in four days. Other denominations are publishing from time to time special numbers dealing with rural church conditions. The qnantity of rural church literature of a high class is constantly increasing.

The .M;ethodist Episcopal Churc:I1 has continued mapping the r1i:i:al..

church situ~ipn, showing, location'~£ Research churches, pastoral -residences and other facts concerning alldenomina- Special surveys made by the Pres- tions at work in the smaller communi- byterian Church, by the Ohio Rural. ties. Tabulation is under way and Life Survey and by Gilland Pinchot will be presented on completion of the in New York and Vermont, have been work.

followed up by the Institute for So- Special studies have been made of cial and Religious Research. This In- the anthracite coal fields in .Penusyl- stitute has published documents of vania; the Iron Range in Minnesota; epochal importance relating to rural the Ozark sections of MissOuri; the

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLE'rlN

educational work of the denominations limited time. 'fhe larger parish plan, in the eastern Highlands; and the following in many respects the excoke regions in Pennsylvania. Grad- ample set by Mills of Michigan, and ually the new frontier in rural life is described in the book entitled "The being discovered and mapped and Making of a Rural Parish," is now foundations laid for rendering ade- being developed by a number of the quate service by denominations pre- denominations, notably the Congregapared to undertake this great scarce- tional, Presbyterian, Methodist and ly-touched task of the Church. Baptist.

Demonstration Work Interdenominational Cooperation The type of experimental and dem- Of particular interest is the continonstration work that grew up several years ago when church administrators uation of the l<Jvery Community Servwere asking for some pastor to undertake the task of "trying out" the ice program. Conferences have re- sulted in a much better understanding broader program of service to an en- of our problems in the West on the tire community is being continued by a number of denominations in sections part of national missionary represenwhere such programs are still relatively new. Rural church progress tatives and in laying the foundation has been such that it is now possible to make advances into relatively un- for extensive advances into greatly tried fields of rural service. Among the newer types of demonstration neglected fields on a non-competitive work now under way or under con- basis. sideration are: Rural work is demanding attention of the churches to a greater extent now than at any time since the growth of cities became so conspicuous. .The relation of strong rural churches to 1. Religious educational directorships fo·r religious and other leadership in the groups of rural churches. nation at large; the shift of rural 2. Experimental work in organization of population to cities and its relation to religious forces on a county basis. city church strength; th!) weakness of 3. Missionary organization for foreign- denominations that do not have their speaking work. roots deep in the soil-all have 4. Demonst·rati(>u of the Church in relation to eOnomic welfare in rural parishes. aroused national concern on the 'part 5. Field workers devoting full time to of church leaders and have inclined rural missionary maintenance enterprises for them to give' adequate attention to the purpose of improving the S€mce and in- creasing financial support. rural work. Growing rural consci()us- 6. Experiments in better organization of ness is also demanding of ,church student. pastorates in tbeenvironmentof leaders that adequate attention be educational institutions.

7., Experimentation with professional rural given to rural work. Increasing pastoral service. ' knowledge of the seriousness of rural 8. The larger parish plan. church conditions and the folly of 9. Local interdenominational cooperation tor communitr, service. considering rural work as unworthy ExperiIOOntal work in trained reli- of the best leadership has, become the gious educational leadership has been b8:ki~ for a more aggressive program started in connection with seven groups of country churches in selected for rural service. City and country places throughout the United States by the Methodist Episcopaldenomina- have their contribution to make to the tion, In the first one tried, local support has increased rapidly and mis- advance of Christian civilization; if sionary aid can be withdrawn in 'a .either is neglected' both must suffer together. The outlook for the rural work was never more hopeful than it is today. ," EDITED BY MISS GERTRUDE SCHULTZ, MISS ALICE M. KYLE BAPTIST WOMEN IN EUROPE to vacate the rooms. There is this By MABELl.:E RAE MCVEIGH unusual situation in a number of cities "over there," that tenants can- In Lodze, Poland, Baptists enjoy not be forced to move out unless they the prestige of owning the first hos- can find a place into which to move pital in the city, and though ~o~ of and the housing shortage is so serious the Baptist faith, the best physlCIans that sometimes moving is delayed 'and surgeons of that city are glad to many months. The owner must not have their patients cared for by Bap- accept rent during these months or he tist nurses. Throughout Central prolongs his difficulty for a greater eEsusersopae~dntuhresrees are usually deacon- period. When this annex is really in is a wonderful charm use for women's work there will be a about these simple black gowns and splendid center for Christian service, the white-faced black bonnets that of which not only Polish but Amer- frame a madonna-like face. Thus ican Baptists may be proud.

those who go forth minister both to Of all the countries visited, Czecho- body and soul. In this hospital, Slovakia was in the best economic con- which is truly a Christian Center, dition, and here, also, was a group of Sister Bertha and Sister Agnes carry Baptists of unusual ability. At Vel- the full management of the institu- . trusy, just an hour from Prague, the tion and lead in the training of the Peabody-Montgomery Home for or- Baptist deaconess-nurses. Like every phan children is the particular inter- first-class American hospital cleanli- est of American Baptist women. In ness is evident everywhere, and one this home, which has a really homelike has the feeling that the hospital itself atmosphere, are nineteen bright, has been "washed and ironed." In healthy, happy boys and girls. They addition to the cases that bring a have come out of the depths of financial return, there are six or seven degradation and poverty and have free beds in which Baptists are given discovered in this home what love is.

preference. It is a cheering fact to A kindly-faced matron watches over know that the hospital is a self-sup- her brood with the aid of the splendid porting institution, but the greatest managerial ability of Madame Kola- satisfaction came to the writer as she tor. Perhaps the greatest tribute to looked into the face of a young girl this home is the expressed wish of a which truly shone with a newly-found young neighbor boy, with normal joy, and heard that while on her sick family life, that he might be an or- bed at this hospital she was finding phan so that he could live in the Pea- not only health but the "good news" body-Montgomery Home. Here, as in that would transform her life for all the Hospital, the story of Him who time. loves children is making its impres- A few blocks removed from the sion on the lives of this family, for Peabody-Montgomery Hospital is a decisions to follow only Him are be- kind of annex in which the deaconess- ing made as the days go by and bap- nurses and those in training for tisms into the Church are taking place.

definite missionary service live and It is hoped that this home may soon study. At present, there is a three- be enlarged so that it may minister to story brick building which will for the homeless and produce more Chris- some time to come be large enough tian leaders for Ozecho-Slovakia.

for this part of the work, when the Central Europe is a sober place. In tenants have actually been induced many meetings of all sorts, hundreds, 640 ves, even thousands of faces leave a outstanding expression on the part of inemory of a common stoical expres- the army of occupation, of their belief sion with very, very few smiles. in the value of love and service in Eagerly and earnestly all listened to "more than conquering" an enemy. every message with never a hint of In this relief campaign, which has redisorder. Audience rooms were al- cently closed, the leaders asked the ways packed, and in every case, it cooperation of the Federal Council of would have been impossible to hand Churches of Christ in America, beout a card of "Standing Room Only." lieving that the Christian Church There was no standing room. It was should be expert in practicing love already taken long before the speakers for enemies. Feeling the care of chilarrived. At times, during the serv- dren to be an inherent part of a ices, when particularly interested, a woman's life purpose, the Federal listener in the pew would rise quietly Council in turn suggested the organiand stand with eyes riveted on the zation of the Women's Church Comspeaker. Evidently it was quite cus- mittee on International Goodwill. tomary, for it drew no attention from others. Then sometimes, during a In searching for a tangible expresmeeting, the interpreter would give sion of Christian love, this Women's an opportunity for those sitting to Church Committee is calling the womexchange places with some of those en and children of America to send standing, and quietly such shifts of a Christmas" Ship of Friendship" to places would be made. Germany, and, at the same time, is seeking with all its intuition to find a Perhaps one of the most impressive potent word to say to the women and services was that in a tent in Brno, children of Japan, which can be Czecho-Slovakia, where the audience understood as coming from the heart has long ago outgrown the church of America. building. On this particular night, 700 men and women had crowded into For the Christmas ship to Germany, this tent to hear an American Baptist all religious groups are being asked to woman speak. The subject was "A participate in filling a ship-to sail on Christian Home," and it was a thrill November 10th-with warm clothing, at the close to have the pastor ask for unbleached muslin, sheets, yarn and hands of those who would henceforth outing flannel, as well as with conpledge themselves to maintain a truly densed milk, sweetened and evapo- Christian home and to see by far the rated, codliver oil, cocoa, flour, soap, majority of the audience raise their etc. Food and clothes come so perhands. Then, as that audience was sonally into the home that it is posdismissed, it was possible to discover sible for them to carry special friendthat those dear people had been sit- ship to people who need faith and ting on benches without backs, many courage to do what they are setting with children in their arms. This is themselves to do in carrying out the only an illustration of the eagerness Dawes report. This may be Amerwith which the people of Central ica '8 last chance to say a word of love Europe are waiting for the gospel to our enemy of the World War. story. There is now an unprecedented opportunity to build into the very In writing of the ship, Mrs. Thomas foundation of Protestant Christianity Nicholson, President of the Woman's by lending loyal support to Baptists Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church has said, in Europe. "The women of America have a large "BUT I SAY UNTO YOU, LOVE-" responsibility in the creation of the The work of Major General Allen in carrying through a campaign to warless world which must be civilizahelp German children has be~m an tion '8 goal. 'Where women are friends, men do not fight.' Let us live goodwill, pray for it and work for it, by word and deed."

fROM MANY

EUROPE with large families, doing all the work alone, are breaking down under their Encouragement in Europe heavy burden.

DR. JOHN R. MOTT, who has re- "The present need has one good cently returned from a visit to effect. It stirs up the inmost forces Europe, North Africa and Palestine, and it draws the people and the reports that at no time since the world Church together. Already the helpwar has he seen so great signs of im- ing churches of Europe form a ring provement in conditions as this year. of brotherly love around their unfor- There is not only increasing economic tunate sister churches. Everywhere stabilization, and a revival of indus- it is felt that we can no more remain tries, but travel- is more regular and isolated-that we have to organize a convenient. Political leaders are great concerted action. A much showing greater ability and sincerity deeper understanding for all kinds of and are looking more to America for church cooperation and federation world leadership. movements is thereby reached. Amer- Churches of the Continent ican Protestantism, in supporting the work of the Central Bureau, in HE work of Dr. Adolf Keller of furthering these cooperative move- T Zurich, secretary of the Central ments and in collaborating with them, Bureau for the Relief of the Evan- is participating in a constructive work gelical Churches of Europe and the which the political agencies have not European representative of the Fed- been able to accomplish." eral Council of Churches, has been referred to from time to time in the Fund Began in a Workhouse REVIEW. In a recent comm'unication he states: "A journey for informa- TWENTY years ago a poor woman tion through several countries in in a workhouse in Devonshire, Europe confirmed to me what we knew totally blind and deaf, sent a little already–that not only churches and gift of five shillings for certain work all kinds of institutions can no more then newly started by the Society for be supported without foreign help, the Propagation of the Gospel, and but that thousands of persons engaged that gift is now represented by an- in such work·' are suffering black nual contributions never less than hunger and hardest privation. Pas- £3,000 a year. This was the origin of tors, professors, all. kinds of social the Fund for the training of eandi- workers, their familieB,deaconesses, dates for missionary service, known, are facing desperate conditions. Many as the Candidates' F'ive-Shilling Fund, o£ them are in such a reduced state of sustained by annual gifts of that healt'ft that the slightest attack kills amount, by which many hundreds of them. There are pastors who do hard clergymen, laymen ,and w.omen have work during eight hours of the day been trained. The need for such a and can attend to their parish work fund" which would not detract from only in the evening or Sunday, under-' the support of the regular work, WilS'

nourished and exhausted as they are. stated in a quarterly intercession There are others who can no more' paper in 1904. Mary Jane Hutchings, visit the' more remote parts of their the blind woman in the 'Yorkhol,ls.e, parish because' they have lio shoes. read of it iIi the Braille edition of the Many have had no new clothes for paper, ·sent In her little offering, the many years. Pastors' wives, especially first gift received, and when it was 642 reported other gifts began to flow in beliefs hitherto accepted with unques- and have never ceased. Her own con- tioning credulity. It has loosened the tribution was made every year until grip of the priest on the people to an her death last December. extent that, ten years ago, would have been regarded as impossible. It has Scotoh Orphan Homes inculcated a sense of independence I N many parts of the world today which threatens even the supremacy there are fruitful lives and institu- of the Papacy in Ireland. However tions which bear the mark of the con- Roman Catholicism may dread such a secrated personality of Dwight L. revolution; however great may be the Moody. Among these in Great Britain possibilities of evil in it, nevertheless, are the Quarrier Orphan Homes at so far from being unfavorable to Bridge of Weir, Scotland, which re- Evangelical Christianity, it only gives port for 1923 a family of 1,373, not to us the opportunity for which we counting workers. During his visit have long prayed and for which we to Glasgow in 1874, Mr. Moody was have earnestly waited. If ever the pained at the sight of so many ragged time for Ireland '8 evangelization has and neglected children on the streets, come, it is now_ Never have the peaand he called and presided at a con- pIe showed a greater independence in ference of ministers and Christian claiming the right to think and read workers to consider the matter. Mr. for themselves. Never have they mani- Quarrier was one of the speakers at fested a greater willingness to talk on the conference, and there made public religious subjects. Never have they his plan for the building of cottage shown a more liberal or tolerant spirit homes, to provide for Scotland's or- toward aggressive evangelism, whether phan children. In 1877 he purchased it be in purchasing the Scriptures forty acres of farm land at Bridge of from our colporteurs or listening to ,Veir, and began the erection of the the Gospel on the streets of Dublin or homes. The 1923 report, which is in the country fairs and markets."

quoted in the Record of Christian Missionary Union in Holland A Work, states that over $500,000 was NATIONAL conference -of mis- sionary societies for cooperation received in that year in answer to prayer, and continues: in counsel and work has not, owing to The work of the Orphan Homes is carried special conditions, been established in on in dependence upon God for daily snp- Holland. But the Commissie van Adplies. No one is called on personally, nor vies, which is the home base organizado we send out collectors. The needs are tion belonging to the Missionary committed t,n God in prayer, and we look to Consulate in Batavia, acts acceptably IDm to inove the hearts of His people to send all that is required. in that capacity. In the Missionary A NeW' Day- in Ireland Consulate, founded in 1906, most of the missions working in the Nether- REV. F. C. GIBSON writes in The lands -Indies are represented, tlie Life of Faith; "In the revolu- Dutch Bible Society being the pivbt re- tionary times through which w~ are of the work. The Consulate, in its now passing there are many things, ordinary activities, deals with the I which may ultimately make for the lation between missions and the Gov~ social and spiritual progress of Ire- ernment; its work is therefore akin land. '1'he political upheaval of the to that of national missionary councils past few, years has shaken the life of in other lands_ Nearly all the mis- the people to its very roots. It has sionary societies are federated in joint created a restlessness in the Ulinds of headquarters- at Oegstgeest near Lei- thousands which is disturbillg the dell, and the Zendingsschool at Oegst- superstitious lethargy of ages. It has- geest, is now the central missionary inspired a spirit of inquiry which is training school for all missionaries leading to the challenging of ancestral going out Ul;lder Dutch societies. Mls-

sionaries from other countries going gave him opportunities to depict re- to Netherlands India are sent there ligious conditions today in what he first to learn the Dutch language and called "the homeland of the first New to catch the Dutch spiritual, social York settlers," and to appeal to and political ideas. American Christians to give financial help to the Belgian churches in their A Missionary Agent in Brussels task of both moral and material re- construction. As a result of their I N the Bu,Ueti·n issued by the Inter- common suffering during the World national Missionary Council is de- War and through their joint work in scribed an interesting cooperative the Belgian Congo Mission, the two missionary agency which has devel- historical and national Belgian Protoped since the war, the Bureau des estant churches have united in the Missions Protestantes du Congo BeIge Belgian Protestant Church Federawhich has its headquarters at Brus- tion. These two bodies were the sels. It acts on behalf of most of the "Union des Eglises Protestantes American, British and Swedish mis- EvangeIiques de Belgique," which sions in the Belgian Congo and repre- was organized under Napoleon I in sents them unofficially before the 1807 and counts congregations dating Belgian Government. M. Henri Anet, from the sixteenth century, and the secretary of the Belgian Missionary ,•Eglise Chretienne Missionaire Society, is the Agent de Liaison, and his report of work done during the BeIge," which was founded in 1837 latter half of 1923 proves the value of as a free church and an evangelistic his office. During that period some society. Both churches are said to be thirty-eight missionaries representing "progressive, aggressive and thorten different societies spent some time oughly evangelistic."

in Brussels with a view to learning French, accommodation being found Danish Missious for them by lVI. Anet. Lectures were THE low value of Danish money, given on the history of Belgium and due to the crisis in Europe and of the Congo, and entrance was se- general depression, has forced the cured for several to the Tropical Danish Mission Society to reduce its School of Medicine. Weekly recep- budget, which will be felt especially tions were given by Madame Anet, at in India in both evangelistic and eduwhich the missionaries gave short re- cational work. If the Dawes Plan ligious addresses in French. Mission- puts Europe on its feet financially, it aries going to and from the Congo will be a great blessing to mission were met by the Agent, passages were work supported by Christians in Denprocured, and many commercial mat- mark. ters arranged. The Agent is in close The Danish Sudan Mission Society tOllch with the Colonial Office and also is suffering from the lack of other government officials, and with funds and, for the present, is not able the missionary or!!anizations on the to send out missionary candidates who Congo. He and his wife have also must wait until a society has the been able to do much to interest the means to support them. Belgian public in the work of Protes- Christian students of Denmark tant missions on the Congo. have as their motto-"The Evan- Belgian Natioual Churches gelization of the World in This Gen- eration, " and at their convention at T HE Belgian Protestant Church Roskilde, January 26th to 29th, Mis- Federation sent as its delegate to sionary J. Rasmussen emphasized the Huguenot-Walloon celebration in missions as a world movement and an New York in May, Rev. Leonard obligation of the Christians to all Hoyois of Mons, Belgium. His visit mankind.-Dansk Missionsblad.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Y. W. C. A. in Baltic States younger generation: Student Chris- tian Federation, the Y. M. C. A., the I N response to a request from lead- Y. W. C. A., the Sporting Federation, ing women in Estonia and Latvia, the Junior Red Cross, the Junior the World's Committee of Young Tourist Society, the Boy Scouts, and Women's Christian Associations asked others. .. Dr. Mott delivered four the American National Board in 1921 public addresses in three days. Three to organize the Association in those of them were in the largest hall in countries. There are now two flourish- town. 'l'he audiences were so crowded ing Associations in Estonia-<Jne in that the door was shut as soon as he Reval and the other in the university began to speak. The representative center of Dorpat. In Latvia there is character of the audiences was rea nne city organization at Riga, the markable: priests, pastors, professors, capital. Classes in language, mil- teachers, publicists, journalists, mililinery, sewing, shorthand, typewrit- tary officers, merchants, men and ing, bookkeeping, gymna;sium, first aid women of all classes and vocations of and Bible have helped hundreds of life, but the students made the mawomen and girls to make the economic jority. " adjustments that recent history has made necessary. A health program Missionaries in Greece has opened a new era in this line of education. Bible and discussion GREECE has opened at last! "For classes have been well attended. seventy-five years," says the Racial antagonisms are naturally A. B. C. F. M., "we have been waitgreat, following the World War, but ing for this event. What Daniel the Y. W. C. A. is working interna- Webster, and his successor in the tionally. Girls are learning that girls State Department, Edward Everett, of another nationality are not so dif- could not accomplish in the forties ferent, after all. Committees con- through diplomacy, has come to pass sisting of the leading women of all by the trend of post-war events. With nationalities are learning to work to- the army of refugees from Smyrna gether and to respect each other. and Asia Minor came the mission- America, through the work that the aries, and Athens received them with Association is doing in the Baltic open arms. It was made plain that States, is making a real contribution the missionaries were welcome and to world peace. Yet, at the recent na- were desired to stay and to establish tional Y. W. C. A. convention in New their philanthropic institutions and York, it was voted that lack of funds schools on the soil of Greece. There would make it necessary to discon- are eight American Board representatinue American support of this work tives in Athens today. With the conbeginning in 1925. duct of the girls' school in the Phaleron district, and the care of John R. Mott in Bulgaria thousands of refugees, they are a busy lot. A little paper edited by the girls D N. FURNAJIEFF, a Bulgarian of the school- girls who lost their • who has acted as interpreter for homes, everything, in the Smyrna disvarious American Christian leaders aster-is called Happy Days!" when they have visited his native land, writes with enthusiasm in The Chris- "A CriDle against Children" tian Work of the recent visit of John R. Mott, IlL.D., to Sofia: "The wel- T HE officiall'd:oscow daily, Izvesfia, come at the railroad station was a rare reports that two school teachers sight. The long platform was thronged who joined in a funeral procession in with sprightly and enthusiastic stu- honor of one of their number were dents of the University and gymnasia, placed on trial before "the comrades' and of all the organizations of our tribunal," accused of "participating

in a religious procession." Comment- removed from schools and pnblic libraries ing on the verdict, which concluded , 'so that the children and workmen shali with the words, "The comrades' tri- not be subject to their pernicious influbunal brands this action with shame ence. ' , In the" red " ann:y and in m!Llly of as dishonoring the entire union of the schools the tendE'Ilcy of the instruetion teachers for au act directed against is away from obedience to the church. < the children," the Christian Advocate says: AFRICA It is held to be the duty of the teacher to Why Ad.vance is Essentip.l "fight religious prejudices," which as interpreted in Russia, meaus religious' beliefs. REV. W. C. JOHNSTON, D.D., In taking part in the religious observance Field Secretary of the West of a public funeral outside of school prem- Africa Mission of the Presbyterian ises <and not in school hours these teachers Church in the U_ S. A., writes: "You , 'committed a crime against the children." say 'Do not advance.' It is· not ad- It is evidently not enough tbat a school vance. It is growth. You cannot say t~ach~r refrain from giving religious instruc- to the growing child, 'Do not grow.' tIon In school or to school children. But He will grow regardless of what you the teacher must "actively practice in life" tell him. You could not tell the men the decree separating Church and State. To converted in the hospita~ at Efulen pll;rticipate in a religious procession is a not to tell their people about it'when crIme. Does not this incident, which is not they went back to their village some unusual, support the theory that the Soviet Government is a!gr~ssively.fighting religion 1 200 miles away. The other day I ad- As one of the VIctIms of Its persecution in Siberia has' characterized it the Soviet dressed 156 confessing Christians up policy of " freedom of reiigion" only near Bafia, where a man had been caramounts to "freedom from all religion." ried away by the Germans to the island of Fernando Po, and while Religious Values in Russia there had come into touch with some of our Christians, and had been con- PwsoacsoRiofOilontFghiERestSuUsSosnOfiiavReedsrEtusaDirbtiylWnisgohAfetRhdWeDriresAecpv.ouotnRlasuOtitniSi~oSn~~ verted and carried the Gospel back to his people. 'l'his kind of thing cannot and has recently published three vol- be called advance. It is a natural growth. umes on the subject. In his chapter "While we are holding up on adentitled, "Religion and the Church vance work, the Mohammedans are advancing. Many people in Bafia have Under Communism," he points out become Mohammedan in the .last two years. I sat one evening, talking with that the "dynamiting of ancient the King of Ba:fia. He himself has become a Mohammedan, but is: still superstition" will be a great service v~r~ friendly to us and not antago- lllshc to our work. It was just sunto real Christianity in Russia. Shrines down. Out in the yard in front of us was the Mohammedan teacher with and so-called relics of saints to which eleven of the King's leading men. Each had his sheepskin spread on the pilgrims had long brought gifts in ground and they were following their leader as he taught them their prayworship, are found to be composed of wax or cardboard. "It will be hard ers."

to convince American Christians Work of Algiers Mission Band however," says the Christian Chaevneturrey~' DURING a Mediterranean trip on "that Russia can claim to his way to the WorId's Sunday ligious tolerance when a sober scien- School Convention in Glasgow, W. 1. Ijandes, General Secretary of the tific investigator says this is true": World's Sunday School Association visited Algiers, of which he wrote; ~o prevent the children from being incorporated into the church before they are old enough to know what they are doing the Soviet goyernment in July 1922 de: creed that the baptism of inf.:nts should cease but that any person over eighteen years of age .might receive baptism; for. bade that chlldren nnder eighteen should ~ employed in any way On church premo lses; and ordered that all Bibles and books dealing with religious subjects should be

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"It is here that Miss 1. Lilias Trotter 'fhis is on the line of Mohammedan has labored faithfully with a little advance, and their missionaries have band of co-workers for thirty-six been busy while we slept. The only years in a ministry of love to the chil- hope of the Christian Church is in the dren, mothers and widows whose num- large number of literate native Chrisber is Iflgion. Patiently and prayer- tians scattered from one end to the fully through the years has this min- other of this immense territory. .At istry of 'holding forth the Word of present we are doing the spade work Life' been given, always with a never- on the Bura language. My associate, faltering faith that a great day will Mr. Kulp, is going ahead with the come when the strongholds of Islam language while I am giving my major will yield." In 1907 a party of dele- attention to the development of a gates to the ]'ifth World's S. S. Con- Christian teaehers' training and invention in Rome, which included dustrial school. These people ean Bishop Hartzell of the M. E. Church preach to their own people better than and Dr. Landes, stopped in Algiers we ever can. That is why we believe for a day and pledged $50,000 for the it is wise to develop a central training enlargement of the work of the .Algiers institution for promising students Mission Band. Returning after seven- from the start. " teen years, Dr. Landes says: "Splendid mission stations are now estab- Gospel by Radio in Africa lished in all strategic ceniers in North .Africa. Homes for boys and for girls APLAN is being worked out for have been established in which are broadcasting gospel messages gathered groups of happy native chil- over .Afriea. The sending station will dren, most of them rescued from con- be .Aba, in northwestern Congo. The ditions cruel and inhuman but now cooperation of the Freneh, the Belbeing nurtured, trained, evangelized gian, and the British authorities will and educated. They will become the need to be secured. The messages will future leaders and propagators of the be sent in the various languages used North .African Christian Church." in .Africa. Of course, they will be he2.rd only in the villages where there Beginnings in Nigeria is a missionary with a receiving set. It is believed that the evangelizing I N July, 1923, the REVIEW reported possibilities will be immeasurable. the opening of a new mission in Nigeria by the General Missionary Education in Kenya Colony Board of the Church of the Brethren. .After nine months on the field, Rev. THE remarkable Education Ordi- .A. D. Helser, one of the two mission- nance issued in 1924 by the Govaries sent out, writes: "Our school ernment of Kenya Colony, East work is under way and is most promis- .Africa, aims to establish an efficient ing. Weare starting on the plan of system of education throughout the self-support. Boys are admitted on colony as early as possible, and places three plans: fee in cash, equivalent such emphasis upon efficiency as not of fee in provi'sions, or work equiva- to tolerate any methods which fall belent to fee. From the beginning we low that standard. .A Board appointed had twenty-nine boys enrolled. If by the Governor will assume complete students think the world is evan- control of all the schools in the coungelized their attention should be called try, whether public or private. The to a territory three hundred miles Board will be composed of six persons, wide and one thousand miles long two of whom will be the Director of with millions of people and not a Education and the Chief Native Comsingle Christian missionary until re- missioner. cently. The Mohammedan and pagan population is about equally divided. Compulsory education is to be in- troduced as the school provision is extended. There are six standards or

grades in the education code; in the the church, stone-throwing was enfirst two instruction will be given in gaged in, and the fugitive again took the mother tongue and above standard to flight. After being chased from two the English language will be com- house to house, he finally fled for bined with the mother tongue as the refuge into the church of another demedium of instruction. Among the nomination. The Government later benefits of the act is the compulsory had to cause one of these priests to be medical inspection of children. removed. 'l'wo months ago, gospels given by a native evangelist to the English Methodists, whose organ, village boys were burned in the yard The Missionary Echo, gives the above of a Latin Church." information, recognize that compliance with this ordinance will involve Growth of Beirut Pre•• extensive changes in the educational work of their missions in Kenya THOUGH the greater part of the Colony. $100,000 memorial fund, raised by the Board of Foreign Missions of the NEAR EAST Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. in honor of its secretary, Rev. A. W. Prophecy Fulfilled in Palestine Halsey, D.D., who died in April, 1921, was used for the mission press at Elat PREMIER J. RAMSAY MAC- in the Cameroun, part of it was ap- DONALD of Great Britain knows propriated to Syria. The centennial his Bible, says Our Jewish Neighbors. year of th~ American Press at Beirut He is favorable to Zionism and says was celebrated in August, 1922, by the of a visit he made recently to Pales- opening of the Halsey Memorial tine: "One goes through Palestine Buildings and the beginning of actual now with the verses of many a proph- printing on the presses therein conecy on one's lips. One hears them as tained, all made possible by the though the hills whispered them. The Memorial Fund. The buildings are camps on the seashore, by the wayside, of American steel and concrete conon the hills, seem to have come by struction. The machinery includes an command of the Ancient of Days, Arabic and English linotype machine seem to have been arranged long, long and a Kelly automatic press with a ago, when it was promised that He capacity of 3,600 impressions an hour. 'will assemble the outcasts of Israel The output for 1923 was 22,782,260 and gather together the dispersed of pages. Judah from the four corners of the earth.' " Near East Relief In Gana of Galilee THE annual report submitted to Congress contains many interest- H OW much the Gospel of Jesus is ing facts about this great humani- needed today at the scene of His tarian organization. In the medical first miracle is evident from the fol- department during the year, 200,000 lowing items culled from a letter from different individuals were treated and an English mis'sionary now in Cana 500,000 Were clothed. Thirty-three of Galilee: "About a month ago the hospitals and 61 clinics were operated, Government appointed a Town Coun- with an average of 395,000 treatments cil. Today finds the members of the per month. This work was supervised Town Council, seven in number, all by 8 American doctors, 21 American in prison for misappropriating the nurses, 52 local doctors and 121 local town's money! Some months ago two nurses. The local doctors and nurses priests, while conducting service, dis- are for the most part well-trained but agreed over the ritual. Words fol- destitute refugees. This department lowed, then one threatened the other, has reduced the number of sufferers resUlting in one becoming a fugitive from trachoma from 65 to 21 per cent and the other a pursuer. Once outside

NEWS ]<'ROM MANY LANDS

among 30,000 children in Armenia recognize Baghdad and Mosul, at pres- and Syria, checked typhus epidemics ent occupied by the Reformed Church in Constantinople and Aleppo, and in America and the Presbyterian stamped out malarial swamps in Sam- Church in the U. S. A. respectively, soun. as stations of the United Mission, and to look forward to the occupancy of '1'he orphanage work shows the ef- Hillah as the next in order. Rev. fects of the Smyrna disaster. Institu- John Van Ess, who is said to "know tions built up with Constantinople as the country of Mesopotamia as pera center have had to be abandoned or haps no other missionary does," deat great expense transplanted to other scribes in his book, "Neglected aTeas. New buildings have of neces- Arabia," what occupancy of these sity been constructed or old ones re- cities involves. He says: paired and equipped for service. More than 22,000 orphans have been Baghdad, the capital of the kingdom of transferred, many of them 500 miles Irs,q, just beginning to shift her gaze from overland from the interior of Anatolia a glorious past to a still more glorloUB to places of· safety in Greece, Syria future, teems with young men who talk the and Palestine. 'fhe total number of language of a violent nationalism, who pro· orphans under the care of the Near fess a great self-confidence, and outwardly East Relief is now 60,000 in six dif- resent foreign domination, but who readily ferent countries, or 14,000 less than a respond to a sympathetic criticism of their year ago. The diminution is primarily methods and welcome the tutelage of those due to the large number of children who have no ulterior motiVe<! save the good graduated into industrial and family of the populace. MOBul, a large and pros· life in the various countrie&. Of the perous city almost as large as Baghdad and remaining children, 83 per cent are on the very frontiers of Kemalist Turkey, is under 14 years of age and 63 per cent a twilight zone, with a political future al· are under 12. ways in doubt, but a magnificent center of population in itself and a strategic vantage Entering Afghanistan point for reaching great and prosperous tribes. Rillah., the site of ancient Babylon, REV. AND MRS. D. M. DONALD- is homogeneous in population., preeminently SON and Dr. and Mrs. R. E. 11 tribal center, distinguished for its hospi· Hoffman, of the East Persia Mission tality and its independence of thought and of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., action. recently cabled from Meshed that they were that day starting to open a INDIA mission station at Herat, Afghanistan. Afghans from the Meshed hospital, Unoccupied Fields in India going back to their own country, have carried with them the Christian Gos- MISSIONARY activities in India pel and, 1'1'ith the appointment of an are so extended and so varied Afghan consul at Meshed who is that it will be a surprise to many favorably inclined toward issuing friends of missions, as it evidently has passports to missionaries desiring to been to the editor of the Dnyanodaya, enter his long-closed country, there is to learn how large a part of the counprospect of a new land being entered try, both in territory and in populafor Christ. The entrance of this tion, is still unoccupied by Christian Presbyterian party marks the first forces. He quot.es the following statemissionary enterprise admitted to ments from an article by Rev. .Alex- Afghanistan. ander McLeish, convener of the Na- tional Christian Council '8 Committee on Occupation and Survey, which ap- peared in the April International Re- view of Missions: Chief Cities of Mesopotamia "Taking only complete administrative units (census districts) we see that one AT the organization of the United third of the area of India with one eighth Mission in Mesopotamia, reported of the popUlation is unoccupied. One third in the June REVIEW, it was voted to of the area of Burma with one third of the population is also unoccupied. Bombay 5

Presidency has 32 missions at work in the A N eo-Hindu Movement 37 districts of the Presidency, and yet 3 districts are quite unoccupied and 2 have I N arecent conference in Benares of only one worker ea,eh. There are nearly 5'1:. Hindus from different parts of times more Indian than foreign workers. India, Buddhists, J ains, Sikhs and About 250 out of the 675 foreign workers Parsis were invited to join. This was are located in Bombav and Poona cities in accordance with the theory of a alone. Educational wo;k 1s strong although Hindu editor, "Hinduism is in its there are 1,831 evangelistic workers com- larger aspect a religious patriotism pared with 1,241 educational. The Protes- rather. than a religion." The leaders tant Christian community is reported as defined a Hindu as "any person proonly 158,19 i out of the 264,J)l7 total Ch~is­ fessing to be a Hindu or following any tian population … Perhaps the most startlmg religion of Indian origin." The confact about the unoccupied territory in In- ference was by no means a peaceful dia from the Christian standpoint is that one. For instance, the presiding India'8 villages number nearly three quar- officer tried hard to get through a ters of a million, whereas the returns show resolution for the removal of unthat no more than 39,727 villages have touchability, but he had to surrender. Christians living there." However, resolutions favorable to low castes were passed, though these castes An Indian Centenary still remain untouchable. The re- forms begin with the request for three THE London Missionary Society boons for these lower strata of Hindu (Congregational) completed in society. These are: the right of draw- ] 923 a century of service in the ing water from the common wells; Telugu region of South India. Rev. the privilege of bowing before idols in J. 1. McNair thus describes the cen- temples; the boon of instruction for tenary celebration by the Indian their children. The attempt to raise Christians: "Something like twelve the marriageable age of girls was dehundred people gathered, .and the feated. Other questions dealt with long, low shed, erected for the pur- were female education, curtailment of poses of the celebrations, was crowded wedding expenses and the dowry systhrough the many meetings of the two tem, and although the conference was days of the conference, with eager and divided the mere fact that such subattentive people. They comprised, of jects were discussed is a great victory course, the picked men and women of for the reformers. our communities, but their reverence and orderliness—qualities not native Sadhu Sundar Singh to villagers – greatly impressed our visitors. It was desired that an im- I N a letter received in tbe REVIEW pression should be made upon Cud- office late in April, the Sadhu wrote dapah town itself, and the usual In- of starting then on a trip in Tibet, to dian method of a procession was last until August or September. He adopted, with great success. One also wrote of a new book on which he gratifying feature of the proceedings was working, and of another recently was the presence with us of quite a published, "Reality and Religion: number of men now in positions of Meditations on God, Man and Naauthority and influence, who have ture." A contributor to the Christian sprung from our people and were not Patriot, of Madras, after hearing the ashamed to make known their humble Sadhu speak and then having a long orIgm. By common consent we be- conversation with him, wrote: "No lieve the final meeting-a great com- Indian Christian has aroused so much munion service-was felt to be the interest among the Christians of the most impressive. In the dim evening West as to the possibilities of an Inlight, the stillness, order and rever- dian type of Ohristianity as Sadhu ence of the great company-the de- Sundar Singh. His is an arresting vout expectancy that could be felt, personality – one who in his quest was most bracing and helpful.

–L. M. S. Chronicle.

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after the spiritual life has found and the past year, greatly to the distress received in himself the spirit of the of the missionaries and to the hinliving Christ whom he calls his Master drance of itinerating work. The Misand Saviour. To him the Christian sion, however, had not thought of any Church, the Bible and everything else partieular and unusual danger to the are subordinate to this discovery and lives of Ameriean residents in that acceptance of the sanctifying pres- section. ence of the Christ in life. This to him is the one reality-the supreme ex- On the Tibetan Border perience which frees one from the bondage of race-conceit and civilized MR. and Mrs, ,J. Russell Morse, mispretensions. Next to his love of the sionaries of the Disciples Church inner world wherein dwelleth his in Batang, West China, the place as- Christ, comes Nature, which he loves sociated in the minds of· many with with the love of a child and lover. He t,he martyred Dr. Shelton, write in carries with him the breath of the World Cull; "The present military hills, of heights and depths, of shad- commander of the border at this place owy retreats and vast expanses." is a great improvement over the previ- ous one and we· expect eonditions to CHINA become much better if it is possible for him to make them so. During the Missionary Killed in Hainan last several months about a half-dozen Tibet-ans, reputed to be robbers, have T HE Presbyterian Board of For- been executed, and he seems to be eign Missions received on June 30, really trying to get the men who killed a cablegram reporting that the Rev. Dr. Shelton. He has plaeed a com- George Douglas Byers of Kachek, pany of soldiers near the low pass Island of Hainan, China, had been about six miles south of Batang, as a killed by bandits. The cablegram guard agaillRt the robbers and murstated that the other members of the derers who have infested that place missionary group of Kachek, includ- for the last several years. We have ing Mrs. Byers and their four chil- heard that he expects to build a fort dren, were safe. The Associated Press on the pass within the next month or reports information that Mr. Byers so and that a company of soldiers will had been killed, presumably by ban- be stationed there regularly. This is dits, on June 24th, and that American one of the worst places between Ba- Vice-Consul Chamberlain of Canton tang and Yunnan-fu, so far as robhad gone to the Island of Hainan to bers are concerned." investigate. A cablegram from Minister Schurman in Peking to the State Bandits Still Active Department at Washington confums this advice. APRESS dispateh from Canton the middle of June stated that Chi- Mr. Byers, who was on furlough nese bandits who captured E. H. with his family last year, has been en- Carne of Australia, Rev. R. A. J afgaged since 1906 in direct evangelistic fray of the Christian and Missionary .and pastoral work in the station of Allianee and two other missionaries Kachek and in the extensive outlying in May, were then asking $30,000 district. He has been largely instru- ransom for their release. The original mental in building up the growing demand was for $200,000 and a large and increasingly influential Chinese quantity of arms and ammunition. 'Church throughout that section of the The news was brought to Wuchow by Island. There is a vigorous church in Rex Ray, one of the American misthe Kachek center and fifty or more sionaries, who escaped from the ban- -country chapels in towns and villages dits during a heavy storm. Mr. Carne of the surrounding district. In many has since been released with the other parts of this outlying region, bandit missionaries of Kwangsu. Twenty <outrages have occurred throughout

Chinese and four white men were cap- March at which, in the presence of tured when the Chinese raided the General Feng and his army, 3,200 motor boat Roanoke, but two of the men were individually given Christian white men were released within a few baptism. days that they might arrange ransom for the others. Ray was obliged to Christian Schools in China travel over the mountains all night to make good his escape. The first two THE first Protestant mission school white men released, Dr. H. G. Miller in China, the Missionary Voice reand the Rev. Robert A. Jafl'ray, also minds us, was opened by the London experienced great difficulty in return- Missionary Society in 1839. From ing to Wuchow. that small beginning education has forged ahead and become the leading During the siege of Kweilin, which tool of the missionary workmen. Tolasted for several weeks because of day there are 7,046 Christian schools the fighting of the rival generals, Rev. and colleges, with over 240,000 stu- Joseph Cunningham of Salem, Va., dents. These schools cover the entire was killed by a stray bullet. The range of modern educational practice Southern Baptist missionaries who -kindergartens, lower primary, highwere besieged are now safe. er primary, middle schools, colleges, uuiversities, professional schools. The General Feng's Interests Bible is the leading textbook through- out the whole system, and the suprem- I NTERESTING news of various acy of cbaractcr is the recognized sorts, 'both personal and profes- ideal of education. sional, has recently been coming from China about General Feng. For one ANew- Chinese Oult thing, he has been promoted to the military rank of marshal, an office TANG TWAN CHANG, who is dewhich, as China's Millions points out, scribed as "a bold man, a poor will bring its new cares and responsi- man and a student," is now proclaimbilities, but also enlarged opportuni- ing in Chengtu, China, what he says ties for witnessing for Christ. A few is the universal religion, for which months ago, his wife, who had been a Judaism, Taoism, Confucianism, Budgreat help in his work, particularly in dhism, Christianity and Mohammedconducting Bible classes for the wives anism all prepared the way. It is of both officers and men, died in the strange to see the use of Christian Peking Hospital, leaving five children. terms in the thirty volumes that this Doubtless the need of this family for false prophet has written. He even care has hastened his second marriage, calls his religion "the inner gospeL" which has taken place, the bride being This smattering of Christian truth is a graduate of the Goodrich School for explained by the fact that he was once Girls at Tunghsien and of Yenching a member of a Christian church, but College, Peking. She is an active was expelled for using opium. No Christian worker, and at the time of one can join this new cult without her marriage was secretary of the taking an oath to maintain profound Peking Y. W. C. A. As stated in the secrecy, communication to be made REVIEW, General Feng had been ap- only to those who in turn take the pointed a delegate to the Methodist oath. Every new disciple must fast General Conference in April, but he for forty days meditating upon the wrote to express his regret that he was "inner gospel." During this period "detained by official business." Rev. of fasting the Holy Spirit is to descend H. T. Liufang, a Chinese delegate to upon the new disciple, coming in the that conference, baptized General literal form of a dove. This experi- Feng eleven years ago, and is now his ence is then tested by certain trials to pastor in Peking. He told while here which the disciple is subjected, such of a service which he conducted in as eating centipedes, etc. "The fol-

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lowers of this new .cult," says a writer are loyal to the Bible and its tta.chill the Evangelical Chri.~tian and Mis- ings and who deprecite the effort sionary W,jtnEss, n are dead ill earnest, made by some critics to discredit the and though warned by the officials of authority of the Scriptures as the only the land, 'yet continue preaching and infallible rule of faith and practice, prophesying. They are making a Missionaries may join the organizastrong protest against materialisllL tion, but they are not the originators War is being opposed by them. In- of the movement. diyjdual salvation is the burden of their message, but it must come Its actiyjties will include Bible conthrough believing their doctrine." ferences and other means of stimu- lating faith in the Scriptures and Student Conference in Temple their essential doctrines.

THE annual conference which the A Christian Japanese Farmer Y. W. C. A. conducts for the women students of North China meets MR. KONISHI, who has a fruit each summer at the temple of the sleeping Buddha, whose priests oc- . farm in a tiny Japanese village cupy the inner court, apparently un- eight miles from the railroad, is a conscious of the new China that is graduate of the Imperial Agricultural assembled without. The grounds are College at Tokyo, and in the years folbeautiful, with arches of cypress lowing his graduation he taught in trees, numerous courts and Chinese agricultural schools, at one of which temples, lovely bits of woods and he became principal. At length, howpools of water. The meetings are ever, he determined to become a pracheld in a big open pavilion whose tical farmer himself. Mr. Konishi, great pillars support a beautiful his wife, and his oldest boy had becurved Chinese golden tiled roof. In come Christians and active members these temple grounds some 150 Chi- of the church some years before. nese girls live together, play, study Faithful to this profession, they and worship for a week. With the would not by any means permit the exception of the surroundings, the farm to absorb their interest. At once conference is much like one held by Mr. Konishi took a line of bold leader- American student Associations. The ship for the social and moral regenmorning and ev.ening classes are much eration of the county in which he had the same, with Bible classes, addresses settled. A" social department" was and discussion groups, and afternoons organized for the county, and Mr. devoted to games, stunts, swimming, Konishi became its chairman. In that tennis and hikes to near-by temples. capacity he now goes from vlnage to Only a few girls from anyone school village holding meetings to talk of can go because of the expense, and social subjects, into which he always for this reason every girl is deeply in puts the moral emphasis of Christian· earnest, feeling the responsibility she ity. In Mr. Konishi's own village he bears in representing the girls not so has just organized a men's temperfortunate as herself. ance society, and has secured the signatures of 136 adults to a pledg,e JAPAN-CHOSEN of total abstinence from all mtoxl- cants. This is practically every man Th~ Bible Union of Japan in the little community.

UNDER the leadership of Rev. Korean Presbyterian Chureh Paul Kanamori, Bishop Nakada and other loyal Japanese Christians, T HE membership of the Presbyan organization has been formed, terian Church of Korea comprises called "Nihon SeisM Domei," the all converts of the four Presbyterian Bible Union of Japan. Its purpose is Missions-the Presbyterian U. S. A., to unite the Japanese Christians who the Presbyterian U. S., the Canadian and the Australian. The church was

made a national church, ecclesiasti- ISLANDS OF THE SEA cally independent of the bodies that A Century in the Cook Island..

founded it, in 1907. It has its own T HE centenary of the founding of the London Missionary Society has General Assembly and nineteen pres- been commemorated in characteristic fashion on the various mission fields byteries, three of which are outside of of the society. During the celebration on the island of Rarotonga, in the Korea-in Manchuria and Siberia. South Seas, many tributes were paid not only to John Williams, the pioneer Its membership constitutes about two missionary, but also to Papeiha, the first native preacher. In the various thirds of the total Christian body in villages on the island impressive meet- ings were held. An eye-witness the country. The Korean Presbyter- w1'ites of one of these: ian Church has 234 ordained pastors. A great speech was delivered by Paoro (Pharaoh), a Mataiapo and leading man of in active service; 1,372 elders; 183 the village of Ngatangiia, who is also the carpenter supNvising the construction of ordained deacons; 559 paid unor- the new and handsome c.hureh. This trade was given him by Chalm.ers, and his skill is dained men workers and 273 paid evidenced by several neat bungalows on the island. Paoro spoke of John Williams comwomen workers; 10,161 unpaid ing again to the island in 1827, bringing the Rev. Charles Pitman with him, an event church leaders; 2,097 church build- whieh eoincided with the movement of the people from Avarua to Ngatangiia, the popuings, all but twelve or fifteen built by lation at the new settlement being about 4,000. This general migration of the whole the Koreans; 4,423 meeting places in population was simply a movement to a Hew area where food was in abundance. all; erected 209 new churches during At that time large numbers of people cast their idols at the feet of the missionaries,. the last ecclesiastical year; baptized and some of these idols were used to decorate the great ehurch which, as Paoro 10,565 persons; enrolled 13,485 cate- described, was built without a single nail and for which some of the timber was chumens; has 193,850 adherents, with brought from the ancient Maraes or sacred groves for idol worship. . 161,299 children and adults in the 2,402 Sunday-schools, and contributed during the year $499,004, or just a little under 1,000,000 yen. In Bible classes lasting from four days to one month there were 27,072 men and 45,- 182 women. -The Continent.

Japanese Church in Formosa NORTH AMERICA F OR nearly thirty years the Gospel, ADlerica's Resources which the Western world through the Anglican Church, says The Spirit T HE following data are given by ot Missions, "had brought to Japan, the Christian Science Monitor, on has in turn heen borne by the J apa- the authority of Walter W. Head, nese Christians of the Church as torch- president of the American Bankers bearers to Formosa. Though .little Association, concerning the United known, it is one of the inspiring States: features of modern missions. When, at the close of the China-Japan War, Estimated wealth $300,000,OOO,OOC Formosa was ceded to Japan, the General Convention of the Japanese Bank deposits (approxi. Church decided that it was its duty to furnish the entire financial SUPPOI:t mately) …………. , 40,000,000,000 for the work in Formosa and to enlarge it as they gradually could. And 500,000,000 acres improved expenses being very high in Formosa, the three workers for the Japanese farm land .. ' ., 77,000;,000,0.00 Church have received more than have those in Japan. The Woman's Aux- Yearly eorn yield …… . 3,000,000,OO{} iliary is represented by a very rare woman named Tange San, of deep Yearly wheat yield ….. . 1,0>00,000,000 spirituality, unbounded energy and a big heart." Annual manufactures over 60,000,000,000 Annual output crude oil .. 23,000,000,000 Miles of railroad .. , …. . 250000 Miles of telephone lin….. . 800,000

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KOD1e.. Without Bibles Throughout their history, one of the principal slogans of the Disciples has A PRACTICAL form of Christian been, "'Where the Book speaks, we work, in the placing of Bibles in speak, and where the Book is silent, homes without them, has been done we are silent." Another slogan has by the woman '8 auxiliary of the Pres- been, "No creed but Christ, no Book bytery of Memphis. Their president, but the Bible." Mrs. J olm S. Cooper, of Trenton, Tenn., in response to the call that the Women Call for Aotion Christian Observer made, challenging Christians to make a canvass of their THE Women's National Committee community to ascertain how many for J-!aw Enforcement, whose homes are without Bibles, wrote to all activities have already been noted in of the auxiliaries in Memphis Pres- the REVIEW, representing as it does byterial Auxiliary requesting each to twelve national organizations of wom- make such a canvass, including the en, with a combined membership of colored population, and as far as pos- 10,000,000, sent out an appeal to the sible to supply all such homes with a ministers of the country for special copy of the Bible. Dr. Frank Mars- prayer and the reading from their ton, Agency Secretary of the Amer- pulpits on June 1st of a "Call to ican Bible Society, told recently how Christian Women," part of which one auxiliary did this. In addition follows: to the Bible work, Mrs. Cooper has requested all the local auxiliaries in Our country is in peril. Her laws are Memphis Presbytery to place copies defied, her constitution is attacked, youth is of the Christian Observer and other subjected to temptation, a wicked propa· Christian literature in railroad sta- ganda is abroad, public opinion is per. tions. verted, those ideals on which this natloili was founded are being shattered by enemies A Bible-Carrying Church within. Christian women in their organized groups, perceiving the meuace to home and THE Disciples of Christ are push- church, are unitiug with other groups, pa· ing the Pocket Testament League triotic and educational, to secure prompt plan throughout their whole church action. While the danger is greatest in our as part of their evangelistic program, Eastern and Middle states, owing to the directed by Jesse M. Bader, Superin- great foreign population >:nd the lawless tendent 01' Evangelism, United Chris- wealthy group, there is a small but dangertian Missionary Society, St. Louis, ous minority working throughout the counlry Missouri. They have a five-year pro- to control the coming conventions and elecgram to win one million new members tiOllS. The will of the great majority of to the church. They feel that the the American people has been expressed in Pocket Testament League plan will the 18th Amendment to the Constitution and assist mightily in winning many peo- the laws based thereon. To protect our ple to Christ and the Church. They democratic government by voting at .the began the plan at Easter, 1923, and primaries, by placing this moral issue before since then ten thousand have signed the conventions and by using the ballot, the P. T. L. pledge, and 22,500 of the Christian women ean undo the effort oj' Testaments have been sold. The pas- these who seek to undermine present laws. tors are enthusiastic about the plan. Because illfLny Chureh women are not using They say that it deepens the spiritual this power the Woman '8 National Committee life of the Church and brings a new for Law Enforcement earnestly appeals. to "appreciation of the Bible to many them to face immediately the present moral Ohristian people. Many ev,angelists rrisis. in the church are using the plan in every revival meeting, finding that a Methodist Benevolences "Bible reading and carrying" revival l,lelps in their evangelistic work. T HE financial status of the Metho- dist Episcopal Church in relation to its benevolences is thus summarized by The Christian Work (not a Metho- dist paper): "Five years ago they celebrated the hundredth anniversary of their first missionary work with a

campaign for a hundred million dol- church fully represented, the conven- lars to be paid in five annual install- tion would have been much larger.

mCI).ts. They secured pledges for one Of the budget of $9,429,109 for 1924- hundred and thirteen and a half mil- 25, of which the churches are asked to lion dollars, according to first reports. give $6,700,000 (the remainder being But -when, a yellr later, a new admin- provided from legacies and invested istration audited the subscriptions funds), the Foreign Mission Society they sank to one hundred and two mil- will receive $1,804,350, the Woman's lion dollars. The first amount had in- Foreign Mission Society $503,960, the cluded considerable for local work. Home Mission Society $1,217,450, and Every year since then has seen a the Woman's Home Mission Society decrease in the amount actually re- $388,340.

ceived. Altogether, of the one hun- The following action, of especial in- dred and two million dollars pledged, terest to friends of missions, was some seventy million has been paid. adopted by a vote of 766 to 616 : That is better than the sixty-five per That a commission to be composed of cent which experience shows has gen- seven persons to be named by the president erally come from drives. For the last of the Northern Baptist Convention be and fiscal year the Methodist Boards col- hereby is appointed with power and author· lected just over thirteen million dol- ity to investigate and report at the next lars, almost three million less than in meeting of the Northern Baptist Convention the conduct, policies and practices of the 1920. Beginning with the local board of managers of the American Baptist churches and missions, the Methodists Foreign Missionary Society and of its sec· have worked out for next year a double budget for their benevolences; retaries in the selection of missionaries in the foreign field, and to ascertain and re· port the policy, if any, which said board First, a 'no-growth' budget, which is of managers has adopted with respect" to what its name implies, an estimate of the appointment and retention of persons the amount needed to maintain the as missionaries who do not accept or have repudiated or abandoned the evangelical benevolent and missionary work at its faith as held historically by Baptists. .

present stand, and calling for eighteen This subject was introduced by the and a half million dollars; second, the Baptist Bible Union, which also 'approved askings' which amount to twenty-eight and a half million dol- sought without success to bring about the adoption of a creed substitute for lars a year. With characteristic the vote at Stockholm a year ago, and thoroughness the church is acquaint- to withdraw the denomination from ing its membership with the work fac- the Federal Council of Churches. ing it through a book on 'The World Service of the Methodist Episcopal -Watchman-Examiner.

Church,' edited by Dr. Ralph E. Dif- Southern Baptist Convention fendorfer. " T HIS gathering of five thousand The Methodist Board of Foreign delegates in Atlanta, Ga., May 13- Missions, in spite of the large receipts 18, represents three and one half milof the Centenary, faces a possible lion white Baptists from seventeen $2,000,000 deficit this year unless Southern states. Among other busitheir churches respond promptly and ness transacted, a committee of seven generously to the need. was appointed to draw up a state- Northern Baptist Investigation ment concerning peace and war to be presented to next. year's convention MORE than 2,000 delegates were at Memphis. The report of the social enrolled at the Northern Baptist service committee, as adopted by the Convention at Milwaukee, Wis., May convention also dealt with this ques- 28th to June 5th. Each congregation tion. It called war "contrary to the is entitled to delegates according to spirit and teachings of Jesus Christ,"

its membership, no church being al- "the greatest obstacle to the progress lowed more than five. Were every of Christianity," and stated a belief

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS·

that "all grave international prob- Convict Turns Evangelist lems can be settled by arbitration." Entrance into the League of Nations ANEWSPAPER dispatch from and World Court was specifically en- Philadelphia late in April stated dorsed. that Abe BUllzard, for years one of the most notorious desperadoes of the Task of Southern Baptists Welsh Mountain region of Pennsyl- vania who has spent forty-two years H AVING raised up to May 1, 1924, behind prison bars, was then to be re- the sum of $54,000,000 on their leased from the Eastern State Peni- Seventy-five Million Campaign, South- tentiary, his latest sentence of thirteen ern Baptists are now planning an in- years having expired. Buzzard is tensive effort to raise $21,000,000 seventy-two years old. He said he additional between now and the close planned to become a prison evangelist of the calendar year, to the end that and devote the rest of his life to helpthe original goal of $75,000,000 may ing convicts. To this end he has be realized. Dr. L. R. Scarborough, studied theology and the Scriptures. of Port Worth, who led the drive Despite his long confinement, Buzzard for subscriptions five years ago and is well preserved and appears strongwho has served as chairman of the er, healthier and younger than most Conservation Commission since that men of his age. "I have many years time. has been called back to Nashville left in which to undo the harm I have headquarters to direct the special ef- done, " said the aged convict. "I have fort for complfting the campaign this made all my plans so no time will be year. Plans to this end were outlined wasted. I will go to my home at at a meeting of the commission in Reading for a few days to visit my Nashville in June, the aim being to daughter and some friends, and then reach every Baptist church in the I will begin my career in the service South with the campaign message and of the Lord." Buzzard started his program and enlist every member of prison career when he was thirteen every church, as nearly as possible, in years old, having been sentenced for a definite share in this undertaking. robbery.

George Fox Tercentenary Mormon Church in Washington B OTH in England and America A PLOT of ground in the foreign there has been an appropriate embassy quarter in Washington, observance of the 300th anniversary one mile north of the White House, of the birth of George Pox, July, 1624. has been sold to Mormons as the site The Priends' Historical Society of for the erection of a church. Immedi- Philadelphia has appointed a George ately south of it is the plot which was Fox Tercentenary Committee, of recently sold to the Italian Governwhich Rufus M. Jones is Chairman. ment, and on which will be erected the The American Friends' Literature new Italian Embassy building. Sev- Council is cooperating with this com- eral blocks south is the ground at the mittee. New York Priends held a northeast corner of Sixteenth and commemoration in connection with Euclid Streets on which the Prench Yearly Meeting in May, and appro- Government will shortly begin the priate exercises were also held at construction of an embassy building. Haverford, Pa., in May. It is also The Spanish, Polish, Cuban and presplanned to have a large commemora- ent French Legations are on Sixteenth tive publip- meeting in Philadelphia in Street in the same neighborhood. the autumn, when it is hoped one or There are more than three hundred more English Priends will assist rep- Mormons in Washington, who have resentative American Friends in fit- been meeting in what was once the ting memorial exercises. ballroom of the so-called Howland House. -Record of Christian Work.

The Negro Migrations unevimgeli7.ed Indians. To the most Important places their pastors accom- MONROE N. WORK makes in The pany the elders and do the preaching Southern Workman the follow- while the elders engage in personal ing careful statement of facts about work. In the school at Lapwai are the much-discussed Negro migrations; four Nez Perces studying for the min- "The Negro migration of the past istry and one Spokane Indian, Dan eight years, while it may be consid- Scott. Mr. Scott was licensed by his ered as one movement, has two impor- presbytery in April. Before leaving tant phases; that of 1916-1920 and on their vacation the students of the that of 1922-1924. The first of these school made a trip to the mountains really began in 1915, reached its maxi- to lay in their next year's supply of mum in 1917, and continued at a de- wood. They are permitted to take all creasing rate up to 1920, when, that they need from the United States because of the economic depression, it timber reserve near by. Fuel is one almost ceased. Estimates made at the of the highest expenses of living in time of the number of Negroes who Idaho, and by this means the Indian went north ranged from 150,000 to students reduce their living cost in 1,000,000. The 1920 census showed, very great proportion. however, that, in spite of the great movement of Negroes northward dur- Canadian Church Union Hindered ing the previous four years, the number of Negroes from the South living THE organization of the United in the North had increased in the dec· Church of Canada, combining the ade 1910·1920 by only 330,260. Esti- Methodist, Presbyterian and Congremates of the number who have mi- gational bodies, has been watched grated in the past three years vary with interest by the REVIEW, the last from 100,000 to 500,000. It is very account of the movement having ap· pr~bable that if a census were taken peared in the December, 1923, issue. this year it would show that there are Word now comes that, just as the last probably not 250,000 more Negroes obstacle to the union seemed to have from the South living in the North been removed by mutual agreements, and West than there were in 1920. the Ontario provincial legislature has As a matter of fact, many Negroes interposed a check upon the whole who went North in 1922-1924 were proceeding, its Private Bills Commit· persons who had already been North tee having instructed its law clerk to and had returned to the South during add to the Church Union Bill "clauses the economic depression. It is prob- providing for the preservation of the able that dllring the past ten years Presbyterian Church in Canada, the Reveral hundred thousand Negroes Methodist Church, and the Congregahave moved from the South to the tional Church as separate entities, and North and back again." for giving to any congregation the right, by vote of its members, to re- Indian Summer Evangelists main in its mother church and to keep therein any property owned by it." T HE Indian elders from sessions of Against this destructive proposal the the six churches in the MacBeth heads of the three denominations have mission in and near Ijapwai, Idaho, issued a >lpirited protest, denying the have held a joint meeting, reports right of a provincial legislature to The Continent, and planned a pro- interfere with the plans of Dominiongram of evangelistic tours to be con- wide churches, and rejecting the autinued throughout the summer thority of the legislature to set up a months, which will take the Gospel to lltate-made church, and "to decree all the native tribes that surround the that denominationalism shall continue Lapwai. The experience of the mis· in Ontario whether the churches consion is that these lay workers are very cerned wish it or not." They state effective in obtaining the attention of

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that the committee's action" deprives apprehension wa'S expressed as to these churches of their right of self- whether the Mexican church members determination, and is contrary to the would find themr;elves at home in their whole principle of representative gov- new denominational connection, The ern111ent.' , Missionary Herald reports, however, that no such difficulty has arisen. All The Christian Guardian, the Meth- the Protestant missions in Mexico are odist org'an in Toronto, suggests two now, as a rule, known as the Iglesia chief sources of opposition to the Evangelica of Mexieo. Moreover, fraunion movement-the rivalry of the tilrnal Christian relations have been Anglicans and the enmity of the dis- established between the Protestants of tilling and brewing interests. Northern Mcxico and of the neighbor- ing states across the border. A sig- -Christian Advocate. nificant demonstration of friendship between the neighboring countries was LATIN AMERICA made in connection with the recogni- tion of Mexico by the United States Mexican Student Volunteers Government, at a missionary celebra- tion of the Methodists in Saltillo, THE Mexican Student Volunteer capital of the state of Coahuila, in Conference, held at Easter time in honor of the fiftieth anniversary or EI Paso, Texas, under the auspices of the Methodist Mission. the M, E. Church South, was an epoch in the lives of the fifty-nine Mexican A New Field in Haiti students who attended it. Rev. C. G. Hounshell writes of it: "The work REV. H. R. CARSON, D.D" Bishop was well in hand, and the delegates of the Protestant Episcopal carefully chosen from our schools on Church in Haiti, writes of holding both sides of the Rio Grande, El services on the island of Gonave. He Paso is a central point in our Mexican learned of conditions on the island work. Five (,lays were devoted to dis- from Lieut. Manning of the U. S. cussions and inspirational addresses. Marines, who, as he later learned by The Mexican students exhibited real observation, had won the confidence ability and consecration in discussing of the people to a remarkable degree. the moral and religious problems "Although there is a popUlation on which face them. They are so happy the island of between ten and fifteen that they have a Student Movement thousand, only at long intervals were all their own. The testimonies to religious serviccs held; a Roman their call to service and their conse- priest possibly once a year or less cration to the work among their own frequently; the 'chapels' pathetic people were inspiring. They made us shacks where pigs and goats and cows feel that the progress of the Church and chickens strayed at will; few in Mexico is sure, The fifty-nine who schools and the few of indifferent sort, came represent one hundred and unworthy the name." When the ninety volunteers in the various Bishop and two assistants visited volu~teer bands, It does the heart of Gonave, two gendarmes went from a missionary good to witness so many house to house, announcing the servyoung people in our schools dedicate ice, which was held out of doors by their lives to the service of the Church. moonlight. The party began singing These are all in preparation. " to attract the congregation. Bishop Carson says: "Soon the whole com- Mexican Evangelicals Unite munity gathered, wondering at first, devout and attentive throughout and I N 1914 the American Board ex- thoroughly interested at the close, giv- changed work in Mexico with the ing many expressions of satisfaction. Southern Methodist Board, the latter It was something new-a church withtaking the former's mission in Chihuahua in Northern Mexico, and the Congregationalists taking over the Methodist work in Guadalajara. Some

out a hard scale of fees for spiritual only one or two delegates and even the ministrations, a church ready to send larg:est, like the Baptist, Methodist its highest ministry to find the poor and Presbyterian churches of Amerand isolated." A permanent worker ica, have only ten each. Delegates are has been placed in char/!,e. to be entertained free of charge by the Swedish people, so that their only ex- -Spirit of Missions. penses will be for travel and inci- dentals. Geographical considerations Unreached I_dian Tribes have made it necessary for the Com- mittee on Arrangements to be consti- THE Inland South American Mis. tuted by the churches of Europe and sionary Union has wanted for America, so that the Committee could many years to advance to the Indians be a working body. Invitations, howbetween the headwaters of the River ever, are to be sent to all Christian Madeira and its tributaries and the communions throughout the world, headwaters of the Paraguay River and including the ecclesiastically indeits tributaries. At last it is possible to pendent and self-governing churches go across this practically unexplored in Asia, Africa, Mexico and South field of many thousand miles. The America. The Swedish Crown Prince, party started in the spring, to be gone Gustav Adolf, is chairman of this about six months, emerging by the committee. River Amazon and descending to its mouth and coming around by boat to New Bible Translations Hio de Janeiro. In the territory that will be visited, it is said that there SEVEN more languages have been are dozens 'of tribes of Indians who added to the list of tongues in have never been reached at all by which all or part of the Scriptures are white men, a~d it is one of the great- now printed, making 558 in all. The est unreached and nearly unexplored latest translations include the followregions in the world. ing: -InlMld South America. St. .John in "Lur," a Nilotic tongue spoken by a quarter of a million people, GENERAL Eving on the western shores of the Albert Nyanza in Belgian Congo. The New Testa- Another World Conference ment printed in "Asu" for a Bantu tribe called the "Wapare," numbering 50,000, OTHER conferences have been lim- who live among the Pare mountains in Tan- ited to particular subjects or ganyika Territory. countries, or denominational groups, or have been voluntary associations of Genesis issued in the "Tonga" of Zamindividuals. The Universal Christia:n besi, for the benefit of the 100,000 Bantus Conference on Life and Work, which between the Zambesi and Ka.fue rivers. is to be held in Stockholm, Sweden, August 11 to 31, 1925, differs from all St. Luke translated into Bambara for the previous conferences in that it is to Sudanese natives in Upper Senegal. be constituted by the churches as churches, and to consider the whole St. Mark written in tJhe Kaonde dialect life and work of the Church at home spoken by 40,000 people in the southeast and abroad. Delegates, with the ex- corner of the Belgian Congo and in Northern ception of a small minority of ex-offi- Rhodesia. This gospel has also been pub· cio and coopted members, are to be Iished this year in the Chuan dialect of Miao chosen by the highest ecclesiastical for the Ob.inese of Yunnan. a.uthority of the churches concerned. As the Conference will be limited to }'our gospels have been translated into the approximately 500 members, many de- Huanuco dialect of the Quechua language nominations can be represented by for the interior of Peru.

The Acts has been circulated in Arawak for British and Dutch Guiana; the entire New Testament published in "DabiCla" for Kenya Colony, "Duala" in Cameroon, "Houailou" in French Caledonia and " lVIalu" in the Solomon Islands.

Religious Movements in India. By of transformation are

J. N. F,uquliar, M.A., D.Litt. (Oxon.) Illus. xvi. 471 pp. $2.50. The Mae· themselves in these many forms. millan Company. New York. 1924. While essentials of the old faiths still This standard volume, which is a reprinting of the first edition of ten stand firm, they are variously modiyears ago, is the best treatment of the subject in English~despite Professor fied to meet the new age,· or to meet Pratt's more popular "India and Its Faiths." Any intelligent reader upon the growing antagonism tD views and religions, who can reel off the statistics of the principal religions of India as practices which our age cannot folfound in the Census of 1911 or 1921, will be surprised to find here a schol- low, even on Indian soil. Perhaps the arly presentation of many varieties undreamed of by those familiar only modification which Islam of the new with the lead~ng sects. Since 1915, a few minor variants have risen, and type is undergDing in Northwestern the new nationalistic spirit has placed India is as surprising as any of the changes mentioned. Such movements as are sponsored by Rabindra Nath Tagore and more recently by Gandhi (who is not taken up in this volume), are well worth studying. The latter might well have had a supplementary notice in this volume. H. P. B.

a new and strong emphasis upon the Contacts With Non-Christian Cultures. indigenous as opposed to the foreign By Daniel Johnsou Fleming, Ph.D. pp. faiths. 189. $2.0(). George H. Doran Co. New Dr. Farquhar is a Sanskrit scholar York. and has also given much time to visiting scenes and personalities connect- This is a textbook of unique char- acter. It is designed for the use of ing with many recent developments mission study classes and for theo- Df Hinduism and Mohamm,edanism. logical seminaries and missionary Such movements, as theosophy, that training schools. It will be, however, of interest to all friends of missionarv have affected .t"nlerica will especially work. It deals with a wide variety ~f attract the reader. Various steps in specific problems that affect Foreign the beginnings and growth of the Mi&<;ions both at the home end and on Samajes, especially the Brahmo and the field. The author, however, does Arya varieties, are significant of main not discuss these problems in the CDntrends in the religious evolution in ventional way. Instead, he cites a the Indian Empire. large number of concrete cases, and presents them in such a way as to set The author divides his main treat- the reader thinking about their proper ment into discussions of movements treatment. The cases that he cites: are favoring serious reforms, reforms not academic or imaginary, but are checked by defence of the old faiths, drawn from his own experience and those which supply a full defence of observation, first as a missionary in the old religions, a treatment of re- India, and since then from his extenligious natiDnalism from 1895 to 1913, sive travels in Asia and his work as social refDrms and service from 1828 Professor of Missions in the Union to 1913, and then he concludes with a Theological Seminary, New York. It well-written chapter upon the signifi- is a helpful and thought-provoking cance of these movements. book, and one admirably adapted to its excellent purpose. In general, the volume- is a most in- teresting exposition of religious strivings and discontents, which in a time 661

The Open Door Policy. En Tsung Yen. Taoism and Buddhism. Th-ere is too 191 pp. $2.00. The Stratford Company. little emphasis upon the first, which Boston. 1923. was most influential under the Em- pire. Buddhism, and to a less extent We have recently had two books re- Taoism, are far more widely followed counting the history of the Open Door in the community and are more popu- Policy, one by Dr. Bau and this one lar among the masses, so that Mr. by Dr. Yen. The latter is distinctly Soothill has probably done wisely in not as good as the one by Dr. Bau. giving them more than three times as It is faulty as to its English. Its much space. Under the caption of romanization of Chinese names is "The Official Cult, or Public Relioften inaccurate and inconsistent. It gion," Confucianism gains an added has a good many mistakes of fact, and increment of scenic grandeur. it contains no particularly new or important contribution to its subject. It The author discusses helpfully as is, however, a fairly good summary of well as interestingly the outstanding the reasons for and the development themes of all the triad of faiths in the and scope of the Policy, and is rather chapters upon "The Idea of God," more balanced and temperate than "Man's Relationship and Approach one might expect from one who is as profoundly concerned for the future to the Divine, " " Cosmological Ideas," of his country as is a representative of young China. It is also of value "The Soul, Ancestor-worship, and the as an indication of the attitude and the schoiarship of some of the Chinese Future," "Moral Ideals, " Sin and Its students in this country. K. s. L. Consequences," and "Private Reli- Seeing Life Whole. Henry Churchill King. 160 pp. $1.50. Macmillan Co. New gion." Though the reviewer has ex- York. 1923. amined for annotation 250 leading President King argues for a new apologetic to express the reality and sources upon this theme, he does not meaning of our ideal interests in terms of modern times. recall any single volume equal to this in impartiality of treatment, fairness of approach, practical suggestiveness and intimacy of literary and personal contact. The large number of mis- sionary candidates appointed to China will do well to read this volume care- fully. H. P. B.

The Three Religions of China. By the Rev. "Let Us Go On." W. H. Griffith Thomas. W. E. Soothill. 271 pp. $2.85. Oxford 12 mo. 195 pp. $1.50 net. Bibl" Insti· University Press, American Branch. New tute Oolportage Association. Chicago. York. 1923. 1924.

This volume is a revised, enlarged Dr. Thomas, a devout Bible student and improved edition of the very valu- and helpful teacher, has recently gone able lectures delivered at Oxford to his reward. Many of his books on University to students expecting to the Bible and Christian life are well labor as missionaries in China. known. His latest and last is a study of the Christian's secret as revealed The author's eminence as a mis- in the Epistle to the Hebrews. The sionary and educator in China fOD exposition is sound, clear and practhirty years, and since then as pro- tical. Christians will profit by the fessor of Chinese at Oxford Univer- study. sity, give weight to these l-ectures and his other literary works have greatly A Layman's Confession of Faith. P. Whitobligated to him a multitude of mis- well Wilson. 12 mO. 208 pp. $1.50. sionaries. Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. 1924.

After briefly introducing the Three Mr. Wilson's previous volumes on Religions as a practical unit in the " The Christ Ve Forget," "The Chinese mind, the author gives in Church Ve Forget," and "The Viturn leading details of Confucianism, sion We Forget" have established his

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reputation as an original but devout emphasizes the need for Christian and practically helpful thinker on home training. He advocates and de- Bible themes. He here gives a lucid, scribes the "Home Council," or daily conservative, positive but tolerant ex- school of character. Part Two is depression of his belief in Christ, the voted to daily readings for the year, Church, the Bible, Miracles, the Rome Biblical and some secular, and Atonement, Faith, the Resurrection, Part Three to other helps for the enthe Second Coming and the Trinity. richment of home life. The book is fresh and interesting, €specially valuable to young people Handfuls of Purpose. Pastor .Tames Smith. and Jaymen. 8 vo. 302 pp. 48 net. Pickering & Inglis. Glasgow. 1924. The Everyday Bible. Edited by Charles M. Sheldon, author of "In His Steps." 12 These Bible studies in the Old and mo. 650 pp. Thomas Y. Crowell Co. New Testament are particularly New York. 1924. adapted to Christian workers who wish suggestive outlines, seed thoughts, The popularity of the Bible today book studies, expositions and illusis revealed by the fact that it con- trations. This volume (the fifth tinues to be by far the" best seller." &eries, deals chiefly with Ruth, Sam- Versions, paraphrases, translations uel, }<'irst Kings and Luke 12 to 24. and editions continue to flourish. Dr. Sheldon has given us, not a new trans- The Bible or the Church. Sir Robert Anderlation or paraphrase, but portions son. 8 vo. 269 pp. 3s tid. Pickering & from the American Revision, arranged Inglis. Glasgow. 1924. .historically in continuous narrative for personal, household or church use. The late Sir Robert Anderson, Some may criticize omissions (such as formerly chief of Scotland Yard the account of the Virgin Birth) and (London Police Department) was a a few inclusions (such as portions of staunch defender of the Bible. Here the Song of Solomon) but the selec- is his clear and convincing treatise, tions are made in good taste and the originally published some years ago work is reverently and intelligently as the "Buddha of Christendom," done. Few people today take time to showing that the Bible and not the read and study the whole Bible and Church is the final authority on the few have the ability to make wise Christian religion. Bible students selections, so that multitudes of will find much help here. parents and teachers will welcome this volume with the selection already Famous Figures of the Old Testament. made so intelligently. William Jennings Bryan. 12 mo. 242 pp. $1.50 net. Fleming H. Revell Co. New Christianity the Final Religion. Samuel York. 1924. M. Zwemel·. 12 mo. 109 pp. Errdmans- Sevensma Co. Grand l~apids, Mic.higan. The former Secretary of State has 1920. long been famous as a Bible class teacher- at his winter home in Florida. Practical addresses on the Gospel This volume gives an insight into the of Christ as the only gospel of eternal reason for his popularity in its praclife for men; written with Dr. tical studies in the lives of Hebrew Zwemer's forceful and convincing Patriarchs, Kings and Prophets. logic. Other Bible class teachers at home and abroad can learn much from this The Home', the Savior of Civilization. .T. Christian orator, so well-known as a E. Mc.Culloch. 8 vo. 644 pp. Southern religions and political leader. Cooperative Leagoe, Washington, D. C. Erromanga, the Martyr Isle. H. A. Robert- Home training is greatly neglected son. 8 vo. 467 pp. $1.50 net. George in these days of driving business, di- H. Doran Co. New York. verting amusements and cruising motor cars. Mr. McCulloch rightly The story of the introduction of Christianity into the New Hebrides is one of the romances of missions. Dr. NEW BOOKS Robertson, Presbyterian missionary, History· of the Wesleyan Methodist Mistells the story graphically-including sionary Society. Vol. I, Vol. II, Vol. III, the work of John Williams, John G. and Vol. V. G. G. Findlay and W. W. Paton, George N. Gordon, John Ged- Holdsworth. 18s each volum.e. Ep,worth die and others. The book was pub- P,'esS. London. lished in 1902 but is now again :Rut on the market for the benefit of those How the Early Hebrews Lived and Learned. not already familiar with it. Edna M. Bonser. 267 Pl'· $2.00. Mac· millan Co. New York. 1934. Daniel Bula. R. C. Nicholson. Illus. pam· phlet. 25 cents. Robert Harkness. Bib~e Life of Andrew Murray of South Africa• InEtitute of Los Angeles. 1924. .T. Du Plessis. 553 pp. $3.75. Marshall Brothers. New York. The Solomon Islands also contribute jewels to the Master's crown. This Baron Paul Nicolay, a Biography. By Greta LangenskjOld. Translated by Ruth E. Wilder. 251 pp. $1.60. George H. Doran Co. New York. 1924.

story of a strong and beautiful native Dr. Pennell: Afghan Pioneer. Ernest H. Christian character is stimulating and Hayes. Is 6d. Livingstone Press. London.

has a wonderfully appealing human After Livingstone: An African Trade Ro- interest. mance. F. L. M. Moir. Hodder & Stough- ton. London.

General Feng. Marshall Broomhall. Pam· Land of All Nations. Margaret R. Seebach. phlet. Illns. Is. China Inland Mission. 154 pp. 50' cents paper, 75 cents cloth. 1923. Council of Women for Home Missions or Missionaxy Education Movement. New As a remarkable story of the trans- York. 1924. forming power of the Gospel of Christ, the history of the great Chris- Negro from Africa to America. W. D. tian Chinese general has few equals. Weatherford. 487 pp. $5.00. George H. 'fhis brief record is stimulating to Doran Co. New York. 1924. faith, hope and love. Christianity and the Race Problem. .T. H. John Tengo JabaV1l. D. D. T . .Tabavu. 8 Oldham. 265 Pl" 7s Gd. Student Chris· vo. 154 pp. Paper. Lovedale Institute. tian Movement. London. 1924. Lovedale, South Africa. 1922. Adventures in Brotherhood. Dorothy Giles. A South African Christian, edu- 177 pp. 50 cents paper, 75 cents eJoth. cated at Lovedale Institute and in Council of IVomen for Home :Missions and England, tells here the inspiring Missionary Education Movement. New story of a native Christian whom the York. 1924. author declares to have been a dominating historical figure in South Syrians in America. Philip K. Hitti. 123 Africa a generation ago. He was a pp. $l.00. George H. Doran Co. New York. 1924.

Conquest of the Southwest. Elton Ray- mond Shaw. 134 pp. $1.50'. Shaw Pub>- lishing Company. Berwyn, Illinois. 1924- teacher, editor, poet, political leader Argentina. Frank G. Carpenter. Doubleand patriot. day, Page & Co. New York.

Ideals of Theodore Roose'Velt. Edwar d H. Unconquered AbYSSinia. Charles F. Ray. Lippincott Co. New York. Cotton, with foreword bY Corinne Roose· Social Survey in Town and Country Areas. velt Robinson. 8vo. 330 pp. $2.50. D. E. N. Morse. 134 PI'. $2.5,0. George Appleton & Co. New York. 1923. H. Doran Co. New York. 1924.

This is a stimulating study of a St. Louis Church Survey, H. Paul Douggreat man and the foundations of his lass. 327 pp. $4.00. George H. Doran greatness. From his addresses, writ- Co. New York. 1924. ings and the books written about him, Mr. Cotton traces the ideals and prin- Diagnosing tlle Rural Church. C. Luther ciples of Colonel Roosevelt and their Fry. 231 pp. $1.50. George H. Doran effect on his life. These ideals were Co. New York. 1924. based on the Bible of which he had an extraordinary knowledge and his The Foreign Missions Conference of North faith in God was very real and prac- America-31st Annual Session. Report. Edit.ed by Fennell P. Turner and Frank tical. K. Sanders. 391 pp. $1.00. Foreign Missions Conference, 25 Madison Avenue, New York. 1924. (Concluded on Sa cover.)

Books

(Concluded {rom page 664.) rwo Thousand Miles Through Chile. Earl PRINCETON Chapin May. 462 pp. $3.50. Century Co. New York. 1924.

Mexico. Frank G. Carp€nter. Doubleday, The Theological Seminary page Co. New York. of the Bolshevist Persecntion of Christianity. Presbyterian Church Francis McCullagh. 389 pp. $7.0(). E. p. Dutton & Co. New York. 1924.

In Primitive' New Guinea. J. H. Holmes. G. P. Putnam Co. Ne,w York.

Living Religions of the East. Sydney Cave. $1.75. Cha,.]es Scribner's Sons. New York.

women of 1824. (International). Ida Clyde 113th Session Opens Clarke, Editor. 334 pp. Women's News Septem ber 30, 1924 Service, Inc., 77 Irving Place, New York.

1924.

Tales of Tirah and Lesser Tibet. Lilian A. Starr. 253 pp. $2.00. George H. Doran Co. New York. 1924.

l'rohibition GOing or Coming. Elton Ray· For Catalogue and Other Information mond Shaw. 487 pp. $2.00. Shaw Pnb· AcLJress lishing Company. Berwyn, minois. 1924.

Mastery of Life. By Councillor. 534 pp. President J. Ross STEVENSON Cloth, $3.50; Leather, $5.00. Continental Book Co. New York. 1924.

Work Days of God or Science and the Bible. H. W. Morris. 408 pp. Picker· ing & Inglis. Glasgow.

Brains, Dollars and Progress. Elton Ray· mond Shaw. 63 pp. 75 cents. Shaw Publishing Co. Berwyn, Illinois. 1923.

Guide Posts to Life Work. Wallace B. J<"'leming. 84 pp. 50 cents. Abingdon Press. New York. 1924.

Gleanings in the Book of Revelation. Wil· liam Easton. 177 pp. 28. Pickering & Inglis. Glasgow. 1924.

Love Affairs of Washington and Lincoln. AGraduate School of The- Elton Raymond Shaw. 70 pp. 75 cents. ology of high scholastic Shaw Publishing Company. Berwyn, standards and evangelical Illinois. 1923. loyalty. Degree of B.D.

National Health Series. Edited by National Theological, Missionary, Reli- Health Council. 30 cents each. Funk & gious-Educational College Wagnalls Co. New York. 1924: course of four years, college Venereal Diseases. Wm. F. Snow. standards, broad curriculum. Love and Marriage. T. W. Galloway. Degree of Th.D. The Expectant .Mother. R. L. De Nor· mandie. NATHAN R. WOOD, President Tuberculosis. Linsly R. Wntiams. Taking Care of Your Heart. T. Stuart GORDON COLLEGE OF THEOLOGY Hart. AND MISSIONS Food for Health's Sake. Lucy H. Gillett. The Human Machine-How Your Body Boston, Mas•• Functions. W. H. Howell. The Young Child'8 Health. Henry L. K. Shaw. The Quest for Health. James A. Tobey.

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the Lepers in Siam

To Help Their Fellow- Lepers in the United States Complete Their Church for the Worship of God The Half Completed Pl'otestant Chape I When a letter was read to the Lepers in Siam, t~l1ing of the need of American Lepers for a Protestant Christian Chutch in which to worship God, they said to the Missionary, "Why cannot we help?"

From their poverty they contributed over forty-six dollars (gold)-the equivalent of twenty-three hundred days' earnings-and joyfully sent it, to the American Mission to Lepers for the Chapel at Hospital Sixty-Six in Louisiana.

Will you give at least one day's income?

The American Lepers have a home provided 1 y the United States Government in Louisiana. It is necessary to segregate them to protect you and your children. – The Government cannot provide a Protestant house of worship. That must be given by Protestant Christians.

A beginning has been made; an attractive Chapel has been begun. Will you help to complete it? The cost will be $51,800, more than half of which is paid or pledged.

Send your contribution now. It will make your life happier and will be a blessing to the——————————————————————————————— Lepers. Send $5.00 or more ……………… 1924.

to show your sympathy for To the American Mission toNeLwepeYros.r~InCc•i•ly. the Lepers and to give them 156 Fifth Avsnue, the Gospel of Christ. Enclosed please find $………….. (in cash -check-money order) to help build the "Church fOT Lepers" at Hospital Sixty-six.

Help the Lepers and Help Name …………… '.~_ ………… .

Rid the World 'n,f Lepers Address ………. . …….. , ……. .

Make Checks Payable to Fli ing ~~.~~v~~~.~~.~.~~…..l …………………………..

The Missionary Review of the World — August 1923

A RECENT PORTRAIT OF GENERAL FENG YU-SHIANG

Ships Orders to Missionaries all Over the World At Home and Abroad We have customers in great numbers in every countryof the world, and we render special service to our customers in Foreign fields. The picture above shows actual orders packed and ready to ship to Missionaries. Perhaps some Of your friends will receive one of these shipments.

Our Missionary Bureau Gives particular attention to orders for shipment to Foreign Mission Fields. • This Bureau is the outgrowth of the service rendered to the early Mission- aries who went out nearly haIf a century ago, when it was so difficult to get supplies to them. Since that time, Missionaries all over the world have been buying from us because they know that we furnish, and can safely ship prac- tically everything they need – Food, Underwear, Shoes, Dry Goods, Books, Household Articles Tools, Office Appliances, Hospital Supplies, Pianos and Organs, all standardquality, at money saving prices. We know how to pack for ocean and distant inland transportation. We absolutelyguarantee safedelivery• Forwarding Service Churches, miSSionary societies, families and friends of MiSSionaries, can arrange with us to send any articles, even entire households, to foreign points, whether the good. were purchased from ua or not. Saves time, worry, trouble and money. Detailed information will be given gladly. Wherever mails go, Montgomery Ward & Co. has customers – and they are satisfied customers. For further information, address; 1I!IJIIIj'QOIfJ/g7I6td1(6 Missionary Bureall Chicago, IIIinoili PI…. mention THJI M.I88ION.l.RY RBVIBW or 'rEm WORLD in writiDc to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review 0 f the World DELAVAN 1.. PIERSON. Ui…

CONTENTS FOR AUGUST, 1923 FRONTISPIECE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A RECEXT POI"'R.IT OF GEKER.l, FF."" OF CHINA Page 597 EDITORIALS … , ……………. ,……………… ……… 603 POLITICS AND RELIGION IN ITALY 607 RELIGIOUS PROGRESS IN EUR()PE 611 A WORLD CONFERENCE FOR WORKERS WITH Boys 620 THE IMMIGRANT-ASSET OR LIABILITy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FRED H. RINDGE, JR. A study of why EuropelVns come to America and the ;.njfuencf8 that dete,'"dne 627 thei,r "elation to American and Ch,-i.•tian ideals. 631 XEW LIFE IN OLD GREECE ………………………… CHARLES T. RIGGS 635 A very interesting account of the sig118 of prog"ess in modern Greece' and the 637 breaking down of anment pnjudices. 641 646 'fHE RELIGIOUS SITUATION IN RUSSIA ………………. L. O. HARTMAN 650 The Edito·,. of "Zion's Herald," who hlVs recently visited Russia a,nd attended 653 the All-Russia. Church Congress with Bishop Brake, writes of his impressions of 667 religion and the Soviet r1.1ens.

SHALL WE SEND FEWER MISSIONARIES TO CHINA .. MILTON T. STAUFPER In v1,ew of the recent asswmption of leadership on the part of Chinese Chris- tians, the Editor of the centennia./, volume 011. the "Christia·n Occupation of China" di…cusses the question of the. need of lVdditional foreign missiono.-ie.s_ WINNING AN ARMY TO CHRIST ……….. __ …………. '.' HWANG CH'ING A remarkable account of the evangelistic work in Genera! Pong's Chinese army which re81llted in the baptism of 4,000 Chinese soldie·rs in Peking.

THE GROWTH OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN HUNGARY … _.. E. D. BEYNON A Hungarian pastor in America gives, from forst hand knowledge, the story of progress tow(l1'd freed01n in his native land and the growth of the Church simce the war.

CHRIST'S CAUSE AMONG THE JEWS …. _. _……………. J. S. CmWING An account of a1t iimportant meeting in th€! interests of Jewish evangelization at Princeton in June.

WOMEN'S WORK IN THE METROPOLIS _…….. _…… _. EDITH H. WmTE The story of one hundred years' Mhievcmenl of the Woman '.• Branch of the N ew York City Mission Society.

BEST METHODS IN FEDERATED WORK ………….. __ .MRS. E. C. CRONK WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN …… _…………… __ . . . . . . . .

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETI~ … _.. EDITED BY FLOREICE E. QUINUN :r-.~WS FROM MANY LANDS ……….. _…… __ ……….. _…. __ . _. . . . .

THF. MISSIONARY LIBRARY ……. _… _………. _. . . . . …. _. . . . .

TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in dubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1923, by Missionary Review Publishing Company, Ine. All rights reserved.

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Robert E. Speer, Preaident Delavan L. Pierson, Secretar:r l'ublic:ation offic•• 3d I: Reily SII.• Harr.aburll, Pa. 25" a cop,. $2.50 a ,.ear Entered al …ond-class matter at the Post Office, Harrisburc. Pa., under Act of March 3, ,879. PERSONALS ~ Stony Brook School DR. J.DlES HFNDERso:'<, for lllany years FOR BOYS Principal of Lovedale Institute, South Afri· ca, who has been spending a few months in A preparatory school where all instruction has a the United States, says that tbe Negro in ftohuen~dtautdioynoof tfhCehrBiSibtilbe.Dhafsaiathcoamnmd apnrdininc&ipplelas~' ewinhtehree America is in every way a hundred years currie u lum;wherethe Be hoo1atmosphere is genuinely ahead of the native of South Africa. Christian and the chief aim is to develop ChriJlian char- REV. CLELAXD B. McAF:EE, D.D., profes' actn' in conjunction with sound academic training. sor of Sys~ematie 'rheology in McCormick Hl'miJl:l ry, and a member of the Presbyte- Prepares for colleges, technical schools or business ,ian Board of Foreign Missions for eighteen University-trained faculty maintaining the hIghest y<'ars, has been commissioned by the Board academic standard. Outdoor sports including to visit India, China, and .J apan in the win- swimming, iootball, basketball, tennis, track. All ter of 1924-25 as the first ledurer on the athletics carefully supervised. recently established Joseph Cook Founda- Only twenty new students can be admitted for t.on. 1923-'24. Applications for emranl'e therefore. will be considered in the order in which they are recelvt:d.

For ,CatalOll~ AdJre•• JOHN F_ CARSON. D.D•• LLD.. Preoident or DR. WILLIAM BANCROFT HILL, chairman FRANK E. GAEBELEIN. A.M. Principal of the Board of Trustees of the Amer lean University at Cairo, Dr. Charles R. Watson, BOl< E Stony Brook, Long I.land, N. Y. PrEsident of the American University at Cairo, and Dr. R. S. McClenahan, Dean of the University recently called on King Fuad 1 of Egypt and diseussed with him the frien(lly relat'ons between Egypt and the lTuite<1 States. with spedal emphasis on the Clu'istian missionary effort in Egypt and the WOl'k of the Americau University at Cairo.

** THE REV. T. H. DARLOW, M.A., has, after :33 years, resigned as Literary Superintendent of the Brit'sh and Foreign Bible Society_ He has been succeeded by the Rev. E. W. Smith of the Primitive Methodist Ohurch. MISSIONARY BOOK * FREE REV. AND MRS. PHIKEAS B. K:ENNEDY, for About India. Up-to-date. many years as missionaries of the American Articles on Caste, Idola- Board in Albania, sailed on July 11th to try, Women of India, Prestake up their work again as independent ent Christian Results, Unmissionaries in that neglected field. For occupied Districts, etc., etc. financial reasons, the American Board has Orthodox and non – sec- 110t been able to continue the work -and nO tarian. Written by misother society has, as yet, entered in their sionaries. "A witness of place. Contribntions to the work may be God's power to save." sent to The Albanian Mission Fund, clo Guaranty Trust Co., 140 Broadway, New A t l t l r e. . York City. Mr and Mrs. Kennedy's address will be the American Miss~on, Kortcha, Al- PILGRIMS MISSION bania. * ** DR. PAUL W_ HARRISON received the degree of D.Se. from Hope College in June, in recognition of his services in Arabia and )iesopotamia in the investigation of the cause and c.nre of disease and his impor~ant articles contr:buted to medical journals.

* REV. E. E. CALVERY, of the Reformed Church Mission in Arflbia, completed at Hartford his special Btndies throu~h two furloughs and th.. period on the field be- tween as a result of which he received the degree of Ph.D., ,,,agna cu'm la·ude, * 60S Union Leape Building Loa Aneele•• Calif. OBITUARY REV. D. L. SCHULTZ, the labor evangelist of the Baptist Home Mission Society, died nt hi" home in Philadelphia on June 15th.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIBW 01' THE WORLD in writing to adverUlen. (Photograph loaned by the Board ot Foreign MIssion.-of the Methodist Episcopal Churtlll.

Bee pale 627)

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EVIEWt£ VOL. AUGUST, 1923 NUMBER XLVI EIGHT POLITICS A.ND RELIGION IN ITA.LY T HE FaSicisti seem to be carrying on the government of Italy with considerable success. Economies have been effected to the amount of several hundred million lire, political scandals have been cleared up, Bolshevist propaganda has been firmly dealt with, moral reforms have been enforced, the streets have been freed from many open seductions to vice, public service has been improved and a volunteer militia of 200,000 men has been organized for national defence. Premier Mussolini is apparently endeavoring to make Italy great in reality rather than only in name, to put nobility of national spirit before extension of territory and, as he says, to "transmute the forces of the Italian spirit into forces of life." There is still some signs of struggle between the Church of Rome and the State of Italy, but the Papacy is endeavoring to establish friendly relations with the party in power.

The government has recently decided to introduce religious instruction into public schools but the details have not yet been worked out. Prof. Gentile, commissioner of Public Instruction, desires to "graft the branch of historical studies on the stem of Christianity… The history of religion," he says, "presupposes two necessary factors which have been lacking to Italians: Religious liberty and the conception of the profound, essential value of religion. The Italian mind has oscillated, and still continues to oscillate, between the illiberal conception of Catholicism, which suppresses the individual and, as a consequence, the freedom for any scientific, speculative, 01' even rational inquiry in the field of dogma-which for the Catholic comprises the whole field of the religious life-and the untrammelled inquiries of philosophy which know of no limiting norm for the inquirer… pitifully small is our preoccupation with religion, and that assuredly is a great loss for our moral life and for our national fibre The Idealism of today is under yoke neither to Catholic barriers 697

nor to rationalist abstractions; it is the first Italian philosophy which sets a high value on religion."

The religious instruction in the schools will be given by the regular staff, not by priests, and it will be historical in character. Gentile has abolished several holidays in connection with festivals of the Church which had been smuggled in to please the Popular (Catholic) Party.

~n interesting light is thrown on Mussolini's attitude to the Church says a writer in A Voice from Italy, by a book he has written on John Bus, the Truth-Speaker. "The great corruption of the Church of Rome in the thirteenth, fourteenth, and following centuries has now been fully attested and brought into clear light by historic documents. No country of Europe can be said to have been immune from the moral scandals occasioned bv the lives of ecclesiastics … The invectives of the Italian poets, Da~te and Petrarch, are the cries of souls embittered by the spectacle of a degeneration which carried all before it … The ritual part of religion is an element of secondary importance.. The priest is, perhaps, a useless intermediary between man and the divinity. The condemnation of the territorial power of the Popes and of the temporal power of the clergy in general could not have been more explicit. But the catholic clergy, five centuries after the preaching of Hus, have not changed their conduct … but what the priests of those days could not tolerate, what the priests of today cannot tolerate either, was the merciless, open, and documented denunciation of their scandals and their shames … the sale of indulgences, the scandalous merchandise carried on with regard to the remission of sins, the traffic in ecclesiastical offices, rekindled the heretical movement. John XXIII proclaimed a crusade agaiust the King of Naples, promising great spiritual advantages to the crusaders. To find the money for this crusade the papal leg'ates were commissioned to sell indulgences… The catholic historian never divests himself of his priestly character, and always is inclined to justify, if not to apologize for, the acts of the Church, even when barbarous …. The heretic Hus deserved to be burnt, and the infallible Church of Rome, like the Divine Lamb, is pure from every sin, nor does remorse for offences committed disturb her rest. Happily there is another kind of history which does not lend itself to buttress up sects more or Jess false and dangerous, and in this history the figure of Hus, the Truth-Speaker, stands out pure and radiant in the divine light of martyrdom."

There are not wanting signs that the power and the claims of the unseen are being felt among large classes of the community. Mussolini's evocation of the name of God, in his opening address to the Chamber, does not stand alone. When the victory was Hecure the eentral committee of Italian Republics issued a manifesto which began: "Citizens redeemed by the power of God," and closed with

EDlTORIAL COMMENT

the prayer that" God would continue to illuminate him (Mussolini) in order that he may be a true interpreter of His law."

J oumals which have gone out of their way to declare their antiovangelical sentiments, now eontain articles with affirmations which form part of the evangelical program. One such article, headed "Spiritual Crisis," closed as follows: "Our belief is that Christianity still retains within itself mighty forces, but these can only be liberated by a return to the primitive Christianity."

The Voice /1'01n Italy reports that some time ago a referendum was opened among the University professors, who were asked to state their impressions, from daily contact with the students, of the spirit that informed the cultured youth of Italy after the experiences of the war. Here are some of the replies: "There is a much greater and more open adhesion to religions principles" (Genoa).

"The problems of the inner life, of the absolute and the transcendent, of religion, today awaken lively interest" (Rome).

"There are aspirations towards a more intellse and thoughtful spirituality') (Padua).

"Moral and religious problems have the predominating place in their consciousness" (Turin).

"They feel the need of believing" (Padua). As to the position of the great, body of the Italians, a journalist of some note has recently written: "Italy is least religious of all the J~uropean nations and least Catholic of all the so-called Catholic countries. The Italian is much of an individualist in his religion. Above all, he loves his own freedom: when he believes it is in a manner of his own; he has no excessive love for those who would be mediators of his religious conceptions … " "What is the situation today? Of the thirty-eight million Italians, how many are truly practising and convinced Catholics V One of the precepts of the Church is that he who does not hear mass on Sundays and on the other appointed festivals commits sin. How many Italian citizens go to mass on Sunday? Not more than one tenth do so. And how many, out of that tenth, attend mass with true Catholic eonviction? Not more than a tenth of that tenth. The rest attend from habit, or because they are compelled to, or to have an opportunity of airing their fine clothes, or for still other motives which it is needless to further define, specially when one has in view the frequenters of the mass at mid-day in the towns. Another of the precepts of the Church is to believe all that the Pope declares as 'of faith.' I know not a few choice Catholics, who zealously practice their religion-advocates, members of parliament, and others-who, when I have pressed them closely, have smiled when I asked whether they believed in papal infallibility, in immaculate conception, in transuhstantiation. Can such persons be truly called Catholics 1 Fifty peT

cent of the priests themselves, specially those of a higher culture, follow a Catholicism which is certainly not that .of His Holiness the Pope .. , Can it then be said that Italy is truly Catholic1 Politically, it may be so; but religiously it is not so." , Here is the opportunity of the evangelical Christian faith. One of the most obvious forms of evangelical effort is the dissemination of the Scriptures, and this past year has seen a larger distribution than ever before. Opposition is not wanting. But the work advances despite the gainsayers. Of the deplorable Bible ignorance of edu- cated Italians, the following instances may be given. Panzini, in two "ridey-read novels, several times refers to "the parable of the seven wise, and the seven foolish virgins." In another book he attributes to Moses the words: "Ye are the salt of the earth." Luzzati, Italy'S greatest authority on political economy and a reader of the Bible, '1:ites in a review: "St. Paul himself taught his converts, I foxes have holes,' "etc. Professor Scherillo, in a learned study on Dante, Petrarch and Boccaccio, has occasion to refer to the law of retaliation, "an eye fQr an eye," etc., in use among the Hebrews, and adds that this law is also sanctioned in the Gospels. Another writer places Pharaoh's dream in the Apocalypse. A popular novelist writes: ".Jesus said to St. John, 'Beware of marked men.''' This is a popular saying in Italy. A leader writer gets the length of saying "Potiphar was a woman-and what a woman!"

The translation of the whole Bible into Italian has recently been completed by Dr. Luzzi, of the Evangelical Church, and will un- doubtedly reach a class of the community hitherto untouched almost..

Recently Dr. Luzzi had the honor of an interview with the King, to whom he presented the first completed volume of his labors. His Majesty showed interest and, in conversation, proved himself to pos- sess a knowledge of Biblical questions far from common.

The political, intellectual and spiritual awakening of Italy may have a wonderful influence not only on the Italians but on Europe.

RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN EUROPE POVERTY, resulting from the war and from international dis- trust, has a powerful influence on the religious situation in Europe. Naturally, people most deeply concerned about their material welfare, neglect the support of religious workers. Consequently pastors and their families suffer, receiving little or no salaries. This is especially serious when prices are soaring and when, the price of a loaf of bread is sometimes more than equivalent to house rent for a year before the war.

Unrest among all classes, especially the youth, increases the problem of establishing life on a firm, Christian foundation. Nevertheless, visitors from America declare that there is evident a

EDITORIAL COMMENT

deep heart hunger, especially among the student classes and that they respond readily to Christian instruction. Dr. Sherwood Eddy writes of recent meetings with Czech, Russian, Ukranian, Slav, German, Jugo-Slavic and other students in the ancient Austrian Castle at Pre- vov and of other services in Prague when many young men, including R,oman and Greek Catholics, "free-thinkers" and Protestants en- rolled in Bible classes to study the life of Christ.

In Germany, there is a revolt against the Church and at the same time there are some signs of religious awakening. Religious instruction has been barred from public schools and nothing has taken its place in the churches. The reaction against the Church, writes Rev. S. G. Ruegg, has been due largely to its domination by the State and. its connection with the aristocracy. Those who worked for the common people were, by imperialists, called socialists. Today socialists have their" Sunday schools" but they teach atheism. Churches are having a difficult time but their freedom means new liberty and may mean new power. There are signs that trial is producing heroes of the Oross-men who speak the truth of Christ without fear or favor. A new Missionary Association has been formed to intensify spiritual life and to do Christian work. Young people are breaking away from conventional forms of religion and seek to express themselves in practical, social ways. They need strong, wise leadership to direct them in the Living Way of Christ.

In Czecho-Slovakia, Hungary, Poland and other countries of Central Europe, there are still strong religious reform movements and evidences that people are hungry for true religion and vital contact. with God. People crowd the churches and will listen as long as a man with a vital message will preach. Multitudes are ready to respond to an invitation to accept Jesus Christ as Saviour and Lord.

Russia's suspicious attitude is indicated by the fact that when Miss Jenny de Mayer tried to take a box of Bibles into soviet territory from Persia, permission was refused on the ground that no :religious literature, not printed in Russian, is permitted to enter. There are many evidences that the Bolshevist rulers have not learned a lesson from the Czar's regime and that while they objected to the State Church as a tool of the imperialistic party, they are determined to make the Church not wholly subservient to the Soviet Government or to cause its weakness and death. Russia is still starving-but more spiritually than physically. The children, the aged, the students and the Christian workers are now the chief sufferers from physical want, but all need the Word of God by which man must live. A ray of hope is expressed by Ernest Gordon who says that despite all the excesses of Bolshevism, in some places, a mighty movement is proceeding which is almost without parallel in the history of Christendom. Priests that are awakening to the need of preaching a vital Gospel

preach to crowded churches. In Siberia, whole villages have gone over to evangelical Christianity. In one town, three thousand were baptized in one day, and in the government of Khaskov, five hundred new Russian evangelical churches are reported.

All Europe is in the balance. Rival forces are pulling the people up and down, Godwal'd and away from Him. Now is the time for Christian forces in America and elsewhere to cooperate with God and all His workers to give the Gospel of Christ in its fulness to the starving people of Europe. Especially do the children and young people need an opportunity for Christian training.

WORLD CONFERENCE OF' BOYS' WORKERS BOYS are simply men in the making, even as young shoots are trees or flowers, vegetables or shrubs in process of develop- ment. Boys inherit certain appetites and tendencies from their parents and are rich in possibilities for good or evil. 'l'hey are especially susceptible to environment and to personal influence. It is, therefore, 'Of the utmost importance to give them the most helpful leadership, the highest ideals and the best environment possible. The study of the boy and his problems calls for the finest mental and spiritual abilities and devotion by pastors and laymen. The Church and the State, as well as the home and the school, may well unite to do all in their power to develop the finest, strongest Christian character and vbility in the boys of the world.

One sign of the growing consciousness of the importance of this problem is the number of organizations for boys that have been formed in Churches and communities-boys clubs, Boy Scouts, Knights of King Arthur, boys' branches of Y. M. C. A., etc. Another sign of progress is the number of books written on boys and how to deal with them. :Many of these are the result of rich experience.

Still other evidences of interest in the subject are the conferences of boys and workers among boys that are held all over the world. One of the most recent and most important was the second World Conference of Workers among Boys, held for twelve days in June at Portsehach, Austria, under the auspices of the Young Men's Christian Association. Delegates (many of them in picturesque garb of their native lands) came from forty-five countries, including twenty-three European nations, North and South America, India, China, Turkey, Hawaii and Iceland.

Frank discussions were directed by such leaders as Dr. John R. Mott, Sherwood Eddy, Carl Fries of Denmark and Dr. Jules Bovet, the noted Swiss psychologist. The delegates voted that the time is ripe to proceed with a comprehensive program for the boys of the whole world and pledged the support of six men for three years to direct and extend the work.

TO MAKE IMMIGRANTS AN ASSET-TEACHING TURKISH ALBANIA NS E

The Immigrant-Asset or Liability?

BY FRED H . RINDGJ<J, JR., NEW YORK Secretary with Industrial Department, I n ternational Y. AI. C. A.

M ANY have the idea that the emigrant, desiring to visit Amer- ica, just packs his littl e trunk and comes! As a matter of fact, he probably has no trunk, but numerous large bundles, and the process of coming is a most venturesome and complicated undertaking.

He first applies for a passport, which mayor may not be granted, according to the desire of the mother country. If he is wanted for war, or for some particularly needed form of labor, his request is gemwally unavailing. But if he is not seriously needed at home, if he answers innumerable questions satisfactorily and if he has comp leted his military service, has good health and has not been in jail recently, he may, after some delay, secure the precious passport. Then he must obtain an American vise from the nearest American Consul, who may, quite inconveniently, be farther away than our potential immigrant has ever t rav eled 1Jefo1'e. After some delay, the answering of many other question s allel the r>ayment of ten dollars, 003

he may secure his vise. He must also secure vises for every country through which he is to pass en route to the port of embarkation.

. When he is reasonably sure of going, he returns to his little farm, sells his possessions, packs up and sets out on the greatest adventure of his life! At every frontier he must get out of the train, bag and baggage, and submit to annoying customs inspection regardless of the time of day or night. At last he reaches the port and is put up at the company hotel. Here he is thoroughly" deloused," whether he needs it or not, and examined-possibly every day. If delays have caused him to miss his ship, he must wait for the next one. If .the monthly quota for his nationality is full, he must wait until next month, tired and discouraged and exploited all along the line. His final inspection is efficiently given by an American health officer.

After his steerage journey, and a thorough ~xamination at Ellis Island, (of which he has mortal dread), if he is not one of the forty or more "excluded classes," passes the medical and literacy tests, has sufficient money and a real destination, he is finally admitted into the" Promised Land." If friends do not meet him, he is immediately set upon by grafting porters, taxi drivers, cheap hotel runners and crooks. This is his first real welcome to America! Small wonder that he is prepared to believe the worst about his new country!

Verily, a man who is ready to undergo so much deserves the best we can give him-after he arrives! There are over 14,000,000 foreign-born and 22,000,000 of immediate foreign parentage in the United States today. What a challenge! After visiting twenty-three countries from which emigrants come, I can no longer believe that they bring merely problems! They bring an appreciation of Old WorId history and civilization, art and literature, folk lore and music -as well as strong backs and willing hands-potential contributions to America's life, if we will deal with them in a Christian manner.

Many have lived in attractive little straw-thatched cottages in Southeastern Europe. We allow them to crowd into stifling tenements, encircled by slums. Many have plowed fertile fields in God's out-ofdoors. We shove them into mines and steel mills, sometimes under conditions which may well cause them to have doubts as to whether God still lives !

Much even of our" Americanization" work smacks of paternalism and .compulsion-just wli'at many left Europe to escape! The churches, missions and other Christian agencies have done much, but must do infinitely more. Christianization may well begin with us native Americans, who ate so provincial, so cock-sure of our race superiority and culture, so stubborn in our refusal to bring out the best the immigrant has at the same time we cram English and citizenship down his already sore throat-sore from trying to make us understand that he doesn't like to take our pills that way! There is a better method than that. A welcome smile and

19231 THE IMMIGRAN'.r-ASSET OR LIABILl'l'Y'

hearty handshake are understood in every language. Even the im- migrant appreciates appreciation, enthuses over an opportunity to contribute something, likes us better when we admire his handicraft, music and literature, welcomes our service when it is truly Christian and not selfish. Human nature is much the same the world over- even if it belongs to an immigrant in blue overalls who enjoys garlic!

The real Christian" Americanization" work is to help native and foreign-born to understand, appreciate and serve each other in the spirit of Jesus Christ. With that foundation, we may conduct classes in English and citizenship, lectures and entertainments, socials and cosmopolitan meetings, constructive celebrations of foreign as well as of American holidays, recreative and athletic activities, thrift and health campaigns, boys' and girls' clubs, and, most important of all, fundamental interpretation of Christ and of Christianity in action.

"Why you teach us for nothing?" was a recent question in one of our classes. No explanation was satisfactory until the leader said, "Because I am a Christian." There was a thoughtful sileIl.ce. Then the foreign leader asked, "What you mean by that?" What att opportunity! There are countless other opportunities-are they be- ing made the most of by our Christian organizations? Answer this, and I will tell you whether our immigrants are to become assets or liabilities.

For years we have been raising difficulties and making excuses. One of our main excuses has been that immigrants were coming too· fast to be assimilated. True, we averaged about 1,000,000 a year in the decade before the war. Then immigration practically ceased for several years. Did we solve the problem then? Now we have a restriction law, limiting each nation's yearly quota to three per cent of the number of its natives who resided in the United States in 1910. Only 357,803 can come this fiscal year. Last year so many re- turned home that we had only a small net increase. Are we solving the problem now?

Our churches and other Christian organizations are accomplish- ing far more than ever before, but the problem is still unsolved. Therefore we must all do more. The Christian Associations as arms of the Church, have made encouraging excursions into this whole field. Hundreds of "Y" secretaries help the emigrant in countries of origin and fifteen special secretaries are at as many ports of embarka- tion. Others work on the ships and several render welcome service . at Ellis Island, Boston, Philadelphia and other ports of entry.· All of this helps introduce immigrants to reliable Christian agencies in cities of destination in America. The "Y" has several hundred special industrial and Americanization secretaries who are promoting a large variety of activities in churches, settlements, factories, mines, foreign clubs, boarding houses and many other places. They are holding meetings of foremen and others who deal with foreigners in

order to awaken a fairer, more I'ympathetic attitude. They are en- listing several thousand college men and others as volunteer teachers. Through such work the leaders themselves develop a new sense of social responsibility and go forward to still larger fields of Chris- tian service. :M any leaders ne('ide to give their lives to Christian work, largely as a result of such experiences. Many of the foreign-born themselves have caught a new vision of Christianity by contact with self-sacrificing volunteer teachers who have been treading in the Master's footsteps of service. Some have entered definite religious or social service work as a profession. Others are "following the gleam" in the course of their everyday lives. Said a young Slav to me recently, "When I first came here everybody cheated me. My money was soon gone. I could find no job. I was ill. I grew so discouraged I wanted to kill myself. Then came to me a real man. He invited me to his English class. I did not care to go but he was 80 kind I cotdd not help it. I learned so much I wanted to help others. My new friend gave me the chanee to start other classes and interest new men. Later, I became a proud citizen of Ameriea. A church settlement offered me a job as one of its Americanization workers. Now I have the privilege of int.erpreting to my fellows the real spirit of Christian America!"

Such work should be greatly multiplied. Some of our immigrants turn out to be real assets, like this man, while others land behind prison bars. Foreign names like Jacob Riis, Edward A. Steiner, Carl Schurz, Louis Agassiz, Andrew Carnegie, Stephen Girard, Joseph Pulitzer have become honored household words in America. On t.he other hand, the daily papers picture many murders and other misdeeds by aliens. Nine times out of ten immigrants who have become assets have been given a real chance, have been helped to secure education and an opportunity for self-expression; while those who have become liabilities have been mistreated, ground down and encouraged to absorb ideas of Bolshevism.

It is for us, very largely, to decide whether our future citizens shall be assets or liabilities! And there is much cause for encouragement. Thousands of immigrants have made good in industry and agriculture. Without their labor America would not be as great as she is today. Kosciusko and Lafayette served ,¥ashington in the American Revolution, and thousands of "foreigners" served faithfullv in the late war. One third of the celebrities in "Who's Who in America" are of foreign parentage! On the other hand statistics prove that the criminality of those of foreign parentage in America is not. only greater than that of the native-born but nearly three times as great as that of their parents I What a challenge! It is within the power of the Christian organizations to decide this tremendous iRsue now and for t.he future. What more are we going to do about it ~

A TYPICAL FARM HOUSE IN SOUTHERN

New Life in Old Greece BY CHARLES '1', RIGGS, CONSTANTINOPLE, TURKEY Missionary of the Amcriean Board, ]900- T HE "Great Idea" has suffered a shock. The dream of an·· • other Emperor Constantine and his Empress Sophia being crowned in the ancient Church of St. Sophia, Constantinople, has been rudely shattered. Constantine is dead, and, which is very much to the point, he died in exile. Out of the ashes of these hopes rises a new and more hopeful moral life in old Greece. '1'he inner soul of the nation has been stirred as never before by the disasters of the past months.

And that soul has proved itself receptive. Not every nation of Our day has been so well-disposed toward the multitudes who, abandoning homes, furnishing's, possessions-·even food and clothing- and their business prospects, have fled from dangers, known and unknown, in Anatolia. Not only their fellow-Greeks, but Armenians as well, and many Turks, are among these refugees. Of the total of about a million, some sixty thousand are Armenians j and out of a hundred and twenty thousand in and near Athens, one fifth are Armenian refugees. Great credit is due the Greek Government for its Herculean labors in providing this horde of unfortunates with at least shelter and a minimum of bread. Had a proportionate problem faced the United States, and been accepted, it would have involved finding asylum for twenty millions, as compared with America's population today. Greece did this in the wake of a terrible disaster, and in the throes of a revolution and a change of government.

607

This receptiveness on the part of the Greeks has shown itself in another interesting way. In the awful conflagration of Smyrna last September, the .American Collegiate Institute for Girls was burned out of house and home; and the faculty and about a hundred girls found refuge west of the .lEgean. The problem of resuming academic work was relegated to the background by the more urgently immediate one of relieving the distress of the refugees; but in course of time it became evident that such an institution, if it could be resumed in Athens, would be a great blessing to many besides the remnants of its former constituency. Representations were made to the Greek Government, that such an institution was homeless, and might be induced to open in Athens. This suggestion met with immediate and cordial response. The Government, through its Ministry of Education, has urged the American Collegiate Institute to open its doors in this new home, and has voted the sum of two hundred thousand drachmas, equivalent at present to $2,200, for the rent of suitable quarters. It further offers to adjust its educational laws so that there may be no obstacle to the functioning of an American School on .American lines under American leadership. The Collegiate Institute expects to take advantage of this eagerness, and to open immediately intensive preparatory work in the English language, and in September to start the full college work, with many of their former students as a nucleus.

In further proof of Greek eagerness to welcome American education, the Government has also sent word to the American Colleges that have been obliged temporarily to close their plants in Asia Minor, urging them to resume work in Greece, and offering every possible facility as to location, equipment and favorable treatment. Anatolia College, which for nearly forty years has done such splendid work at Marsovan, is seriously studying the advisability of locating somewhere in Macedonia, near Salonica. It is assured of a warm welcome both by the Greek Government and by the people. For existing educational facilities are decidedly poor, from primary schools up to the University; and American ideals of characterbuilding are riot only needed but are eagerly desired.

The Greeks welcome the cooperation of the American Red Cross and of the Near East Relief, in the care of the refugees. The latter organization is caring for the orphanages, where Greek and Armenian boys and girls are being housed, fed, and trained. General relief and the critical matter of health are the staggering problems being undertaken by the Red Cross. But the moral regeneration of a people cannot be accomplished simply by relief meaS:lres and by higher education. It is therefore encouraging to note hopeful signs in the Chureh life in Greece.

The present Ecumenical Patriarch of the Greek Orthodox Church is well known for his modern and liberal spirit, and his emphasis on

NEW LIFE IN OLD GREEOE

the value of the Scriptures. Previous to his elevation to the Patri- archal throne, he had been Metropolitan of Athens, until the return of King Oonstantine forced his withdrawal. For a time it seemed doubtful if an equally able successor would appear; and the Metro- politan who immediately succeeded Meletios was not a worthy man. But recently Archbishop Ohrysostom became Metropolitan and is perhaps the ablest exponent of this new life in the Orthodox Ohurch. Born in Madytos, on the Gallipoli Peninsula, he studied in Oonstan- tinople, Athens, Jerusalem, Kieff, and Petrograd, receiving at the latter place his Doctorate. He is an able scholar, and has suc- cessively occupied positions as Professor and later Principal of the Orthodox Theological Seminary at Jerusalem ; Principal of the Ri- zarion Seminary at Athens, and at the same time Professor of Divinity in the University of Athens. In 1919 he accompanied the Metro- politan Meletios to the United States, and came in contact with many of the American ecclesiastical leaders. At the Preliminary World Conference of Faith and Order, at Geneva in 1920, he was elected one of the executive officers; and he is the Chairman of the Greek Oommission in the World's Alliance for Promoting Peace through the Churches. A man of broad vision and of unblemished private life, he comes to the office of Primate of all Greece at the vigorous age of fifty-nve. Very much is expected of him in the right sort of leadership of his clergy.

Until the present year, both Ohurch and State in Greece have stuck: to the old-style or Julian calendar, which is thirteen days behind the Gregorian calendar used in Western Europe and America. The new Government has already taken the step of abandoning this out-of-date institution; and in civil life the modern calendar is uni- versal. The Orthodox Church in General Council has since also adopted the Gregorian Calendar.

Still more important is the attitude of the present civil and re- . ligious leaders in the matter of the Scriptures in the modern Greek.

It will be remembered that more than twenty years ago, an ill-directed effort produced a translation, under Orthodox auspices, which was in so common a grade of language as to be practically slang, and so very offensive was it to the better citizens, that it drove them to place m the national Oonstitution an amendment forbidding the sale or circulation of any translation of the Scriptures into Modern Greek. The absurdly mediaeval attitude of Greece, as the only country in the world to forbid its people the use of the Word of God in their own spoken tongue, has repeatedly been pointed out; but the article in the Oonstitution still stands. Today, however, Government aud Ohurch have agreed to allow this to be a dead letter. And in the middle of March some nine cases of Scriptures in the modern Greek belonging to the British and Foreign Bible Society, which had been held up in the custom house for nearly two years, were delivered a

over freely to the agency in Athens, with not even storage charges to pay. It was a timely triumph, for the increasing demand resulted in the sale and distribution of 120 copies during the first day.

There is another element in the new life now being shown in the religious atmosphere of old Greece. It is an inRtance of a silver lining to a very dark cloud. In the terrible deportations by the TurkEl in Asia Minor, eight evaugelical Greek churches have been destroyed, and their pitiful remnants tossed over into Greece, among them the two strongest churches that had existed among Greeks anywhere. These eight were those of Ak Hissar, Ala Cham, Derekeuy, Fatsa, Magnesia, Ordou, Samsoun, and Smyrna. Lesser numbers also fled from smaller communities; and these evangelical Greeks have found refuge in many towns of old Greece. Together with these have gone over to Greece a large number of evangelical Armenians, who are similarly scattered. While statistics are not yet available, it is perfectly safe to say that the evangelical population of Greece has more than doubled. No one can tell how permanent an elemen,t this will be; but of one thing we may be certain: the effect of this new life stirring in old Greece will have lasting benefits for the country. With these fugitives have come a half-dozen or so preachers, who are being set to work even before any decision is made as to permanent location, and many others are being pressed into service in religious and educational work. To see these new Rchools springing up, privately supported, with no government grant, among the poverty-stricken but eager refugees, is in itself a lesson to the old residents. And such infusion of new blood, even for a limited time, is bound to benefit the country.

Herein lies the hope of the future. To meet the challenge of this present suffering, and with such open mind that the old residents will see that they have some things to learn from these guests of theirs, may prove the regeneration of Greece. But it is the privilege and responsibility of America to see to it that the best moral tone of this new population is conserved. Mentally and spiritually, they cannot expect help from the country that has so generously opened wide its gates to shelter them. America, on the other hand, has closed her doors to all but an infinitesimal fraction of these sufferers. Does this not of itself impose on us as Americans all the greater obligation to make amends for our exclusiveness by every possible Christian cooperation along the lines of their higher nature?

Greece of today stretches out her appealing hands to America. She needs material help. She craves intellectual help. Above all, she should receive spiritual help, in this her hour of reverses and remorse, but also of receptiveness and renewed hope.

"RELIGION, THE OPIATE OF THE PEOPLE"-AN INSCRIPTION AT THE ENTRANCE OF'

THE " RED SQUARE ," MOSCOW The Religious Situation in Russia BY L. O. HARTMAN, BOSTON Editor of Zion '.. Herald Dr. nartman ],as recently returned from Russia, where he attended the "All Russian Council" of the Orthodox Church, held in Moscow last May.-EoITOR.

PROBABLY the most profound changes in modern Church his- tory are taking place in Russia, Here, for nearly ten centuries, the Russian Orthodox Church has held sway o'er the religious aspirations and beliefs of fully one twelfth of the human race, and the history of this period abounds in incidents and movements that t.hrow a flood of light on the Muscovite reformation already well under way. Some writers have tried to make it appear that the beginnings of Christianity in Russia go back to the time of the apostles, but no valid reasons can be adduced in support of this view, for it was not until about the middle of the ninth century that the southern Slavs began to hear definite preaching of the·Gospel of Christ. Princess Olga, at the age of sixty-seven, it is said, made a trip in 955 to Constantinople and there accepted Christianity. After her return to Kief, she endeavored to spread the faith and finally her grandson, Prince Vladimir, was converted in 987. The following year has been generally accepted as the date when Christianity took 611

definite root in Kief, with the baptism of a large number of men of that city. The newly organized Church in Russia, on its administrative side, remained linked with the Greek Catholic Church, more or less dependent upon the patriarch of Constantinople, until in January, 1589, when Metropolitan Job of Moscow was consecrated patriarch. The Church thereafter continued under the rule of patriarchs until the time of Peter the Great who felt that that type of Church administration was an obstacle in the way of some of his cherished reforms. Upon the death of Patriarch Adrian in 1700, he refused to nominate a successor, and assigned the patriarchal duties to the metropolitan of Ryazan. A little later the monarch published an edict providing for the foundation of a "clerical college" or synod, through which the Church was to be governed. As this plan of Church administration developed, a procurator was appointed as the personal representative of the Czar with powers so great that the Orthodox Church came practically under the sway of a monarchical dictatorship. At the time of the first revolution in 1917, after the abdication of Czar Nicolas II, a new procurator was appointed, who became a member of the Kerensky Cabinet. He served, however, for a very brief time, for a Council of the whole Church was convened and the office' of procurator of the Holy Synod was abolished. In November, 1917, the Council voted the revival of the patriarchate and Tikhon was elected to this office.

The Greek Church in Russia has not been without its internal dissensions. The most notable and far-reaching of these perhaps was the schism of the Old Believers. During the patriarchate of Nicon, who died in 1681, certain corrections and reformations in the service-book and ritual were undertaken. These reforms stimulated a division in the Church. The Old Believers adhered to the letter of the service book and proclaimed their faith in the saving power of the rites themselves without any reference to their sense and meaning. The Church condemned the sect and its followers had to hide in secret cells in the forests of inner Russia. Nevertheless, the movement continued to spread until the synod made certain concessions, about the beginning of the nineteenth century, which brought back many of the Old Believers into the fold.

The Russian Orthodox Church, however, was called upon to face the greatest crisis in all its ten centuries of history with the abdication of the late Czar. The two revolutions of 1917 were so farreaching in their effects upon the religious life of the people that a total reorganization of the Church and a restatement of its beliefs and objectives became a necessity. Under the Czarist regime, the Church had come to 'be largely a tool of autocracy. When one reviews the outrages perpetrated by Czarism, including the suppression of free discussion, a most rigid censorship of books, surveillance, by a secret service organization' whose machinations have no parallel in

THE RELIGIOUS SITUATION IN RUSSIA

history, unjust imprisonments, the cruelties of Siberian exile, and other violations Of human rights, and considers that these wrongs had the practical endorsement of Church leaders, he does not marvel that the Bolsheviks, upon the overthrow of the Czar, erected a tablet on one of the large buildings near the main entrance to the Red Square upon which was inscribed a legend based upon a famous saying of Karl Marx. The tablet reads: "Religion-the Opiate of the People. "

The Orthodox Church, after the second revolution, found itself without property or resources, inasmuch as its belongings were taken over by the Soviet Government. It was also under suspicion because of its close affiliation with the Czar. Nor could any ecclesiastical organization fail to be affected by the profound changes going on simultaneously in every other department of human life. Conditions were ripe for a reformation, and it was not long before various factions began to emerge until there were formed four or five more or less distinct groups in the Church.

First, there were the followers of Tikhon, known as the reactionaries, who desired that no changes whatever be made in doctrines, liturgy, organization, or administration.

Second, there was a large section of the "white clergy" under the leadership of Krasnitzky, dean of the Church of Christ Our Saviour at Moscow, who stood for the emancipation of the Church from the monastic traditions, but refrained from espousing drastic measures of an iconoclastic nature.

Third, there was a considerable group headed by Metropolitan .Antonine, who wished to maintain the monastic power in the Church but to come to some readjustment with the new political and social order of Russia. This group declared itself as in favor of a minimum of reform in cult and doctrines.

A fourth, liberal, evangelical wing of the Church, under the leadership of Vedensky'of Petrograd (now Archbishop of Moscow) broke with the old traditions entirely and stood for a progressive religIon, sometnmg lIke that of the more liberal evangelicals of America.

Lastly, there were the Tolstoians, the most prominent of whom was Bulgakoff, secretary to Tolstoi until his death and one of his most faithful disciples.

These five groups of the Russian Church represented the leading factions when the All-Russian Territorial Council of the Orthodox Church of 1923 opened on April 29th.

There was still another development of importance in connection with shifting circumstances and changing conditions in the midst of which the Church endeavored to carry forward its work. As was to be expected, numerous leaders, even those prominent in the councils of the Church, desired to see the old Czarist order once more reinstated. Some of them were accused of going so far as to participate in plans for a counter-revolution. This, of course, aroused the Government, already over-sensitive to anything like treason. Bishops and priests were apprehended and a number of them, after court

process, were executed on the charge of plotting against the Gov- ernment. Moreover, the Soviet leaders, who are all atheists, were particularly intolerant of customs and rites that form no part of genuine religion but must be classified as superstitions. Nevertheless, religious freedom was proclaimed by a decree which became a part of the Soviet constitution, and later provision was made whereby congregations could hold property in their collective capacity. These Soviet leaders have repeatedly reiterated tho declaration that men are free to worship God as they please in Russia, provided relig'ioll is not used as a mask to cover counter-revolutionarv activities. There is reason to believe that the Soviet authorities a;e sincere ill their attitude toward the Ohurch.

On April 29, the second All-Russian 'l'erritorial Oouncil of the Orthodox Church was convened in Moscow. The meeting was opened in the Moscow Oathedral of Ohrist Our Saviour, and the ensuing sessions were held in the former Graduate Theological Academy. Inasmuch as many newspapers and some religious journals have reported that this Council was under the domination of the Soviet Government and not a bona fide' gathering of Church leaders with proper authority and responsibility, we may note some of the considerations that indicate that this Council actually represented the will of Greek Catholicism in Russia.

1. The Council of 1923 was constituted exactly as that of 1917 except that provision was made for a slightly larger number of delegates. All adults who had taken communion during the previous year were eligible to take part in the elections. Each parish elected representatives from both the priesthood and the laity to the district synod. Each district then chose its delegates of both classes to the diocesan convention, which, in turn, sent representatives, both priests and laymen, to the Council. 1fetropolitans and bishops were ex officio members. The total number of delegates that gathered in Moscow was about five hundred. Vhile there was considerable pressure brought to bear by various factions in order to gain largt' representation in the Council, there was no proof of governmental coercion upon the meetings in the parishes, or even in the districts or dioceses.

2. We were present at the meeting of the Moscow diocese held in the Patriarch's palace just previous to the opening of the Council, and witnessed the disCllssion over the 'rikhon issue. There was every appearance of freedom both in utterance of opinion and in action. The reforms adopted were not such as would be dictated by a government seeking to destroy all religion.

3. The proposal to hold the Oouncil of 1923 was endorsed by Tikhon himself, and by 1.,vov, the procurator of the Church under the Kerensky r:egime.

4. The delegates to the Council represented every sectiOll of

THE RELIGIOUS Sl'l'UA'1'10l 1;>; UUSS1A

Russia, including Siberia, the Ural, Black Sea, and Ukraine regions, the far north, and all the great cities.

5. The leaders of the Council were the outstanding ecclesiastical representatives of Russia. Among them were Metropolitan Antonine, head of the Church in Moscow; Metropolitan Tikhon, head of the Church in Kief; Metropolitan Peter, head of the Church ill Siberia; and Vedensky, the strongest leader in Petrograd. Besides these, theological academy presidents and professor::;, and some of the most eminent laymen in Russia were members of the Council.

6. All factions were represented in the Council and finally united in a working agreement. The"Living Church," led by Krasnitzky, controlled a good-sized delegation; the Vedensky followers, clamoring particularly for revision of theological doctrines, were strongly in evidence; Antonine showed some strength fathering a reform not overly progressive in its nature; nor were the reactionaries absent, for the Tlikhon adherents made themselves heard again and agalll in the diocesan conference and in the Council. There were also some Tolstoians among the deJegates.

For the new Administrative Com- F E'rER, METROPOLITAN OF SIBERIA mittee, ten members were chosen Chairnlan Ofo~h~h~161~~~~~~nc1.'::":~torlal C"unci! from the" Living Church" group, six from the" Apostolic" group, and two from the followers of Antonine.

7. The election of Peter to the chairmanship of the Councila position of more importance and influence than a similar office in America-came as a surprise. Krasnitzky, located at the capital, and the guiding spirit in the "Living Church," was looked upon before the election as the one man most likely to win the leadership. Instead, the chairman selected came from far-away Siberia, thousands of miles distant from the seat of the Soviet Government.

8. We had opportunity in personal conferences with Chicherin, the Soviet minister of foreign affairs, and other leaders to inquire as to the Government's attitude toward religion and were assured that the constitutional provision granting religious freedom was in full force and that there would be no opposition whatever to the worship of God, except where it was used as a cover for counter- "evolutionary efforts.

9. The Council's attitude toward the Government was in general one of loyalty, but decided exception was taken to the atheism of the Soviet leaders.

10. A number of leaders of the reform movement in the Russian Church suffered imprisonment and exile during the monarchist regim~ for denouncing the wickedness of autocracy, impurity in high places, injustice to the poor, and other crimes and sins like those opposed in other days by the prophet Amos. But these heralds of a new day for the Orthodox Church create in personal contacts the impression of sincerity and genuiue Christian zeal.

The Council went on record as in favor of the social ideals of the Soviet Government, although it repudiated the Marxian philosophy which constitutes the working theory of the Bolsheviks. Vedensky, dean of the Churches of Saint Zacharias and Saint Elizabeth in Petrograd (one of the ablest men in Russia today), voiced in an address, which consumed two hours and a half, the attitude of the reform element toward the old Czarist Church and pointed out the path that.must be followed if the work of Christis to go forward in Russia. "Turn away," he cried, "from the Church of Tikhon and back to the religion of Christ!" He declared that the Church had become "the concubine of the reactionary political powers," and that from its very inception it had been too closely connected with the crown. Even in the ritual, Vedensky pointed out, the name of the Czar appeared in capital letters while that of Jesus Christ was printed in small type. The Patriarch was designated in the old liturgy as "Most Holy Patriarch," while Christ Himself was addressed only as "Holy Christ." In a word, declared the speaker, the Czar had become the end and the Church the means in the period before the revolution of 1917.

Those who heard this pale, nervous orator will never forget his discussion of the challenging question, "What is Christianity'" With a wide sweep of scholarship Vedensky outlined the views of Strauss, Renan, and other critics, and then expounded the Gospel of Christ in both its individualistic and its social aspects. Marxism, he asserted, is materialistic, atheistic, and wrong in its philosophy of life, but he maintained that the Soviet Government, dominated by the thinking of Karl Marx, is striving actually to enthrone the principles of Christ.

The case of Tikhon, who is under arrest in a monastery near Moscow, took up considerable time and attention during the opening days of the All-Russian Council. "'nen the recent famine was at its worst, a delegation of peasants appealed to the Patriarch to allow the superfluous jewels in the cathedrals of the land to be soia in order that food might be provided for the hungry. He failed to respond and the appeal was carried to Kaminev, head of the Moscow Government. who immediately issued the famous decree for the con-

THE RELIGIOUS SITUATION IN RUSSIA l!17

fiscation of these treasures. Tikhon and others exercised their influence to stimulate resistance on the part of the peasants and in consequence was arrested and certain documents came into the possession of the Soviet leaders which seemed to show that Tikhon had had relations with the Karlowitz monarchist group which sought to further plans of counter-revolution. The Council considered the Patriarch's case first of all in the Board of Bishops, which recommended thnt he be deposed. This paper from the Board of Bishops was signed by over fifty of the seventy-five active bishops. The WHERE THE CHURCH COUNCIL MET-CAT:HEDRAL OF CHRIST, OUR SAVIOUR, MOSCOW Council,however, not only deposed Tikhon from his office, but also reduced him to "the primitive state of layman," and declared" from now on Patriarch Tikhon is the layman Basil Baliavin." They also annulled the action of 1917, creating the patriarchate, thus bringing the Church back on its administrative side to the general plan inaugurated by Peter the Great. H ereafter all power of authority is vested in the Council itself.

The actions of the Council of 1923 have brought the ecclesiastical and religious life of Russia into still closer contact with the free Churches of the West. In the first place, the delegates went on record for the complete separation of Church and State and for a return to the "actual commandments of Christ, our Saviour." The entire Karlowitz monarchist group, with its eighteen bishops, including Eulogius Platon was excommunicated. This action is believed to

j18 THE MlSSIO;';ARY REVIEW 0:1<' 'l'HE WOHLD

indicate that the reorganized Church intended to purge itself of counter-revolutionary elements and to serve notice that it is no longer under the control of those who favor a restoration of Czarism. The Council also called upon "every honest Christian citizen of Soviet RU8sia to go forth with a united front under the leadership of the Soviet Government to struggle against this world-wide evil of social injustice. "

Another move made by the Council was the abolition of the old monkish type of episcopate in which marriage was prohibited. Here- tofore, members of the "black clergy," the more aristocratic order, were not allowed to marry, and those of the "white clergy," or vil- lage priest class, were permitted to marry once only. The delegates passed the resolution that permits a clergyman of either class not only to marry but to do so more than once in case he survives his wife.

With regard to the worship of relics, the delegates in Moscow realized how wide-spread and deeply rooted is this custom, and therefore w~re conservative in seeking to abolish it. They expressed their conviction that it is wrong to allow this folly to go on, and decided that hereafter bones and other so-called religious relics could be displayed openly provided only that they were shown without camouflage and were honestly labeled.

After many centuries, during which the historic Julian calendar, established by Julius Cwsar in 46 B. C. and officially adopted by the Council of Nicwa in 325 A. D. has been in force, the Council abolished the old method of reckoning time and accepted the Gre- gorian calendar, thus doing away with the thirteen days' difference in time between Russia and the 'Vest.

One of the most serious situations precipitated. by the second revolution of 1917 was the closing up of the theological schools and academies. Before the WorId 'Val' there were four graduate theo- logical academies and in every diocese one or two other institutions for training clergy. For more than five years, no candidates for the priesthood have been graduated, although it is estimated that 3,500 new recruits are needed annually if the churches of Russia are to be adequately manned. The total number of priests is now about fifty thousand. Before the war there was an annual budget for the Church of about five hundred million rubles (then equal to $250,- 000,000), one fifth of which was needed for educational purposes. Of this budget, one third was contributed by the Government and the rest came from endowments, estates, free-will offerings, and the profits of the candle factories. Today there is practically no income except from the offerings of the people and there is only one insti- tution for the training of Christian workers, a night school in Petro- " grad, in which are enrolled two hundred and twelve students, men and wom(>n. This year's class will number twenty-three, twelve of

THE RELIGIOlJS iiil'rlJA'l'lON I~ HW:itllA

whom are women. The professors in the Petrograd school are all -olunteers.

The prrnsidium of the Council of 1923 sent to Bishop Blake of the American Methodist I<Jpiscopal Church, who had addressed the Council, a letter requesting advice with respect to the problem of training the future priesthood of Russia. After a committee of three had outlined their plans, Bishop Blake promised for this pur- pose fifty thousand dollars during the next three years. It was then decided by the Council to launch a project of ministerial training through a number of carefully selected faculties by the "correspondence system," these professors agreeing to serve at the salary of twenty-five dollars each per month.

An adjourned meeting of the Council is to be held next fall, whe,Q. numerous items of business will be considered. In response to the request of certain religious leaders that, in addition to the decree granting religious freedom, definite legislation be enacted covering the rights and privileges of the Church, the Soviet Government replied asking the Council to draft such a set of laws for presentation to the All-Russian Executive Committee, .promising to give the matter sympathetic consideration. The preparation of this suggested legislation had to be postponed for lack of time. Likewise there was no opportunity for formulating a restatement of the theological position of the Church and for the revision of doctrines desired by the Vedensky group. Liturgical and ritualistic modifications also had to wait. Nor was there time to undertake the reshaping of the fundamental constitution of the Church.

It is to be hoped that the actions taken by the Orthodox Church Council will .mark the beginning of a great reformation in the religious life of Russia. It succeeded largely in purging the organization of the counter-revolutionary elements within its ranks and espoused the American principle of separation of Church and State. It repudiated the old time-serving, autocratic ideas of religion. It reorganized its priesthood in such a way as to emphasize, as it has never done before, the sanctity of marriage. It struck a blow against superstitions in its action against the veneration of relics. It changed its calendar to conform with the Western way of measuring time. Last, but not least, it stretched forth its hands in fellowship to vVestern churches. These accomplishments may have far-reaching influence and may forecast the coming of a world-wide Christian unity.

We Send Fewer Missionaries to China?

MILTON T. STAUFFER, NEW YORK Educational Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement D URING the past six months, the assertion or suggestion has frequently been made that the time has come when the Chris- tian Church in America and Europe may well send fewer recruits to China and may trust the future evangelization of that land to the Chinese Christians themselves. Is this true ~ The type of missionary recruits acceptable in China today is manifestly different in some ways from that of ten years ago. Their position upon arrival on the field will be different from that which faced the pioneer workers. The service that new missionaries today will be called upon to render, especially in areas where churches and institution~ are well developed, will be specialized service and will increasingly demand intensive preparation. .

In many parts of China, more particularly in the older fields of the seacoast and the Yangtze valley, small groups of consecrated and able Chinese Christians have risen above their equally consecrated but less highly endowed brothers. These few are leading the Church forward. They command the admiration and confidence of every missionary who loves China and believes sincerely in a truly indigenous Chinese Church. They present an inspiring challenge to the young Church of China to stand upon its own feet and assume increasingly heavy responsibilities for the evangelization of their country.

But while all this is full of promise, and almost automatically affects the type and position of future missionaries in relation to their Chinese fellow workers, it furnishes no sufficient premise for the assertion that from now on fewer new foreign missionaries are needed. Judging from recent remarks of a few over-enthusiastic missionaries, it might appear that all China is at last practically evangelized, and that from now on the chief concern of mission boards should be to transfer their responsibilities as quickly as possible to the rapidly maturing Chinese Church and then to withdraw. Most Chinese Christian leaders, however, do not share this view. They realize that the Chinese Church is still in its infancy. Its greatest strength is in its faith~ "the substance of things hoped for." Korea reports two hundred Christians for every ten thousand inhabitants.

China can hardly muster eight. There are more Christian converts on the Island of Ceylon, numbering four and a half million people, than are reported in all China among a population exceeding four hundred millions.

620 China as it is, not idealized China, st'ands in urgent need today of as many missiona,ry recruits arn,nually as have landed on her shores in any single year before or since the W arid War. These new recruits must, however, be of such spiritual and intellectual quality as the Chinese Church will both welcome and can profitably use in this critical transition period of her history.

1. Practically every worker, Chinese and foreign, will agree that during the next five or even ten years the present number of missionaries in China should at least be kept constant. The largest number of new missionaries entering China in any single year is between four hundred and fifty and five hundred. This high figure was reached just before the United States entered the European conflict. Now, no one knows how many new recruits are required if the above ideal is to be realized. Death, sickness, resignation, and forced withdrawals are continually making big gaps in the ranks. One large mission in South China, from careful study extending over a long period of years, has concluded, that it takes at least five new missionaries to leave two on the field after ten years. Experienced observers estimate ten years as the average length of service in China. If the present strength of the missionary force is to be maintained in China, then between four and five hundred men and women must go out each year. On the basis of almost 7,000 missionaries in China, this constitutes a conservative estimate.

The following resolution unanimously adopted by foreign and Chinese members of Commission II on the Future Task of the Church and presented to the National Christian Conference, Shanghai, May 1922, supports the general conviction that during the immediate future the numerical strength of the foreign missionary force in China should not be reduced. Resolved: "That to answer the challenge of the unoccupied areas and to make possible an effectual entry by the Church into these- open doors, the preparation of Chinese leaders be stressed during the next few years and the foreign missionary force be maintained at least at its present strength."

2. We must increase the mtmber of evangelist'ic missionaries. Facts revealed by the China Survey confirm the wide-spread observation that the most serious weakness of the Christian movement in China today lies in its undeveloped powers of direct evangelism. A net increase in Church membership of less than one convert each year for each full time worker both Chinese and foreign since 1915 is no convincing argument for any decreasing emphasis on the need of men and women who will pour their lives into direct evangelistic ministries.

The larger cities have suffered much from the transfer of former strictly evangelistic missionaries to institutional and administrative work. During the decades preceding 1910, the proportion of missionaries in the larger cities who devoted their full time to direct evan-

gelistic work was fairly high. More recently, the rapid development of large educational and medical institutions has temporarily lowered this proportion, although at the same time greatly increasing the total number of missionaries concentrating in larger centerR. From Rome points of view, the growing number and ahility of ChineRc' pastors assigned to large cities have seemed to make thi~ direct evan- gelistic work on the part of the missionary less necessary. On the. other hand, it is generally conceded that Chinese pastors still need the daily example of their foreign fellow-workers preaching in chapels and on street corners, visiting non-Christian homes, spending and being spent in personal evangelism. Who will say that new mis- sionaries with the evangelistic fervor of Griffith John are not still needed in many sections of China today? Needed for what they will mean inspirationally to foreign missionaries and Chinese ministers alike.

Weare just beginning to appreciate as we ought the great ad- vantage of missionaries residing in smaller towns and rural districts as a means of hastening evangelism. Eighty-eight per cent of China's millions still live in relatively small cities and rural communities. On the other hand, forty per cent of the entire missionary force resides in twenty cities. We mention this fact only to raise two questions: (1) Are we keeping in mind the possible mobility of these missionaries to less developed areas as powers of leadership within the Chinese Church develop~ (2) What about the evangelization in our generation of that great hinterland of China only indirectly and slightly influenced as yet by the Christian Church and Christian institutions in these larger cities? Forty-six per cent of China (819,900 sq. m.) still lies beyond the ten-mile limit of any evangelistic center. Over 430,000 square miles included within the fields of Protestant missions and for which these missions and their churches have evangelistic responsibility for years are still relatively unoccupied. Some day-and it cannot come too soon-the Chinese Church may be strong enough spiritUally, numerically, and financially to carry the full burden of her unevangelized millions of brothers and sisters. But what during the interval 1 The King's business requireth haste. Are we not losing the note of immediacy from our evangelistic programs both at home and abroad? To Christ's command and love's appeal, "Go ye," is our reply to be, "Let the Chinese Church do it" 1 Can we not both do it 1 Surely the trouble cannot be that the harvest field is not great enough. -What then is the rock-bottom fact as to foreign reapers in China's evangelization today? Too many foreign reapers or too few of the right quality who can lose themselvestheir very indentity-their western prejudices-everything except their Christian characters, and reap by the sides of their Chinese reapers in self-forgetful loyalty to a common Lord of the Harvest 1 If the recent Survey of China reveals anything it is that China-

1 SHALL WE SEXD FRWER MISstO="ARIES TO CHINAW

place your finger wherever you will-is still desperately in need of evangelists, regardless of race. Less than two hundred miles north of Shanghai there still are scores of villages in the field of the Southern Presbyterians where as yet Christ has never been preached. As 1'01' the great interior provinces the workers, Chinese and foreign, are hardly scratching the surface. In one of the oldest and best worked :fethodist districts in Szechuan there are over 2,500,000 people. The foreign missionary force is ten, only two of whom do any traveling. The seventy churches and chapels and the forty schools are not beginning to meet the need. Each chapel has its preaching service once every few weeks, but the rest of the time it has nothing to offer. llany of the schools are not very different from the ordinary Chinese school at which the students drone their lessons from early morning until dark without any recreation. There is not a vehicle of any kind in the district, no light brighter than a wick in bean oil, no library, no playground. Only one Chinese pastor has ever studied outside the province. Yet this is one of the best worked areas in West China.

The supreme challenge before the Chinese Church is to increase the momentl~m of evangelism. Not arithmetical but geometrical percentages of increase must be besought of God and labored for with singleness of purpose and at any cost. The thought of the increasing population in China when added to that of the tremendous numbers still to be won among the present population should lead every Protestant communicant in China and every foreign missionary to stress evangelism as it has not yet been stressed. An annual net gain of six per cent in church membership will not win China for Christ in this or the next generation.

3. We must relieve the present strain. on our medical and educational workers by sending specially trained recruits in greater numbers than are now available. The ideal set by the China Medical Missionary Association for every mission hospital of fifty beds is two foreign doctors and One foreign nurse. Were mission societies throughout China to attempt to reach this standard, and were provision to be made for filling places temporarily vacated by those on furlough, China would need three hundred additional physicians and two hundred additional registered nurses immediately. One half of the hospitals in China are still without the services of any foreign registered nurse, thirty-four per cent have no trained nurses, Chinese or foreign. Eighty per cent of the mission hospitals reported only one foreign or foreign-trained Chinese doctor in charge in 1921.

Moreover, there are extensive mission fields in China, not to speak of the unoccupied areas, where the work of evangelism is going forward accompanied by little if any emphasis as yet on other forms of missionary endeavor, such as education and the amelioration of physical ills. The recent report of the China Educational CommiRRion, parti('u-

larly in those recommendations which concern the future, neither anticipates nor encourages any immediate decrease in foreign educational workers-rather, the reverse. Any decrease in highly trained educational missionaries at this critical period in the establishment of an adequate and efficient Christian educational system for China is inconceivable, and would, in the judgment of many, amount to noth- ing less than a calamity. 4. The advance programs of missions and churches extending over the next five years canlfl,ot be realized with a decreasing number of missionary recruits. The Survey volume contains a list of ninety cities where missions have officially voted to open new mission stations within the next five years, and thirty-nine cities where new hospitals are to be erected. These plans have been officially approved by the home boards. One great American church missionary society recently completed a most careful survey of future needs and plans calling for decided increases in Chinese workers and missionaries in Chinese and foreign funds. On the basis of this survey and its appeal, an advance program has been set up to which the entire Church in China and in America is enthusiastically committed.

Now, granted that half of the new stations and hospitals referred to above never materialize, we still face the problem of supplying enough men and women missionary recruits to man such new mission stations and hospitals as do materialize.

In reply to the question of the Survey Committee, "If certain areas of your fields are unevangelized, to what reasons or difficulties is this fact due?" by far the majority answered that it was due to the inadequacy of staff-Chinese and foreign. This significant testimony from over one hundred and fifty carefully selected correspondents residing in every part of China supports the impression that more and not fewer missionary recruits are desired. The recent words of Professor Timothy Lew, Dean of the Theological Seminary at Peking University, clinch the whole matter: "Do not stop sending mission- aries but send us better ones." 5, The areas still relatively or wholly unoccupied caU with the .. eloquence of silence" for more pioneer missionaries. One fourth of the total area of China's eighteen provinces remains uncared for by any Protestant missionary or Chinese home missionary agency. In addition, an area exceeding in extent the whole of China's eighteen provinces and embracing almost all of Inner Mongolia, Outer Mongolia, Sinkiang, Kokonor, Chwanpien and Tibet, still remain neglected and practically unentered. To these great stretches of unworked territory we must add the cities of Indo-China, Formosa, the East Indies and other places where Chinese, estimated at over 8,000,000, reside, and where as yet comparatively little evangelistic work is done. Eighty-six per cent of Kansu, seventy-seven per cent of Manchuria, and seventy-five per cent of Kwangsi (if greater definiteness be

192~J 8HALL WE SEND ];'EWER M188IONARlE8 '['0 CHINA!

needed to press home the point) are still outside the acknowledged responsibility of any Christian evangelizing agency. Two thirds of all the counties of China (1,704) average less than five communicants per ten thousand inhabitants. One fifth report not a single evangelistic center. The missionaries giving full time service to the evangelization of China's ten million Moslems can be counted on the fingers of one hand. There are approximately twelve million tribespeople in Western and Southwestern China. (These simple people are eager for the gospel message.) Missionaries are welcome where Chinese Christian workers might find it difficult to work among them. ,Vherever the Gospel has been preached, mass movements have resulted. Only the missionaries are too few-hardly one among 200,000.

In the Chinese province of Sinkiang (Eastern Turkistan) a small eompany of Swedish missionaries have been working since 1892 in four mission stations. Medical and orphanage activities have gone hand in hand with direct evangelistic efforts. As yet the converts do not number fifty. These missionaries, believing that they might be able to state the needs of Central Asia through the recent Survey of China, passed a resolution in their Eastern Turkistan Conference, held at Kashgar, October 18-28, 1919, in which they called attention to the unentered areas of Turkistan declaring that "here is so big a field, there is room for a number of other societies in addition to our own."

From Mongolia, one of the hardest and most neglected fields in the Far East, came this postal card appeal to the Survey Committee, written by a continental missionary in a lonely station. "The Christian Churches and mission societies have left the whole of Mongolia to us. We.cannot get even one missionary to relieve us (for furlough). If you can do anything for Mongolia, please do it and do it at once."

From Kansu, that distant Moslem stronghold in Northwest China, a young English worker recently wrote as follows: "Every missionary is conscious o£ unoccupied areas. They extend from our very front doors, nay from our private rooms through innumerable districts and towns out into the desert silences of Sinkiang and Tibet. It is no sudden, spasmodic, individual business that will solve the problem; only a prayerful united effort, in which we all share heartily and to the full."

The most convincing answer to this question-has the day come for fewer missionary recruits for China-issues and can only issue from the Chinese Christians themselves. For this reason, the words of Dr. C. Y. Oheng, executive secretary of the China Continuation Committee for over seven years, and chairman of the National Christian Oonference, Shanghai, May, 1922, spoken in an address delivered before the Foreign Missions Conference of America at Bethlehem, Pa., January 10, 1923, are ,full of significance.

3

"The Church is seeking more rnissionarif>S. It is far from our purpose to give the impression that the coming forward of Chinese means that the missionaries a're to retire from the scene, and that more of them are not needed…… There is a real need of, and room for, more new missionaries in China. In a sense, they are needed today more than ever before. But a word is necessary regarding the missionarie~ who are needed in China under th" new conditions that have arisen. In addition to possessing spiritual and intellectual qualifications the missionary of today needs thoroughly to understand that his task is to assist the Chinese Church, and to be willing to help, not to boss, his Chinese fellow workers. Ve need, therefore, those who possess a broad and sympathetic heart, and are able to form real friendship with the Chinese. We need those who can see and appreciate all that is good, and beautiful, and true, wherever it is found. We'need those who are willing to lettrn as well as to teach, and who are prepared to work with the Chinese or even under them. We need those who have a real understanding of, and desire for, international brotherhood, and the spirit of tolerance with tho~f' who differ from them. In a word, we need missionaJ'ies who are after the heart of God to 'Come over and help us' …..

"The present situation is certainly different from that of former dars, but the need is just as great and urgC'Ut, if not more so. We want friends; we desire partners and comrades; we seek for cooperation and sympathy. The work has never been so interesting and full of promise as it is today. All its problems and difficulties are but so many attractions, that [lraw the men and women of yision and of a daring spirit to answer this mag-nificcnt and worth~' ral! from afar."

'fHE FU'L'lJRFJ 'L'ASK OF' 'L'HE CHIXI1~SFj CHURCH Rxtracts from. the Report of Com.mission II at Shanghaii The most important and vital needs are such as call for: (1) The discovery and training of leaders, foreign and Chiuese, for the work of religious education. (2) Creatiug an adequate literature and necessary equipment for carrying out a program of religious instruction.

No member can possess a healthy and vigorous spiritual life who is not engaged in some form of voluntary service.

The church onght to be the bnsiest place 'in the whole village. It should minister, through its whole membership, to the spiritual, moral and physical needs of every section of its own community whether Christian or non-Christian.

* *' 1)1: A closer coordination of our educational and evangelistic work would be of immense value. The day school pupils not only effectively open doors into many non-Christian homes, but if their religions instruction is given with the family in view as well as the child, they at once become strong missionary agents. The day school teacher if fired with true evangelistic zeal, conld be a source of enlightenment to the women of the neighborhood in such matters as hygiene and child welfare.

A KOREA:'; CHRISTIAN ADDRESSING GENERAL j<'ENG'S SOLDIERS AT A DAILY RELIGJO{lS

SERVICE IN KAIF'ENG. CHINA Winning an Army for Chrisr* BY llWANG OR'ING E VER since the arrival of General Feng Yii Hsiang's army in . the neighborhood of Peking the Christian forces of the city have been trying to cooperate with the chaplains in this army. Shortly after General j1-'eng's arrival, Rev. Hau K'un Shan of the North China Conference, who has been with the General as chaplain for several years, was appointed chaplain-in-chief and stationed at headquarters. 'rhere are four other chaplains working with him Hmong the men.

A plan was worked out whereby ten preachers representing all the denominations in Peking have gone every Sunday to the camp. The General sends up one of his big automobiles to the Methodist Mission business office and takes the preachers to the camp. The size of the audience varies from 500 to 2,000 men on clear days, while on stormy days classes of from 100 to 150 meet ind~)Qrs. After the services the preachers are again brought back to the city.

In January a committee was formed representing the Peking City District, Peking Academy, Peking 'rheological Seminary, and the Theological Department of Peking University, to form plans for • From Zion's IleraZd~ Boston, lolass. According to a press despatcb of .July 17th from Peking, General Feng has, been sternly rebuked by Chinese. Christians for putting to death two Chinesp. Christians and tor deposing President Li Yuan Hung.-EDITOR.

627

'rHE l'IUSSlONARY REVIEW OF 'l'HE WORLD [AU&U

a campaign among the more than 20,000 soldiers of General Feng stationed at Nanyuan about Chinese New Year, to take advantage of the holidays in the schools and get professors and teachers in Peking down to the camp. It was decided to send one team of three speakers to each of the eleven regiments at Nanyuan; so thirty-three speakers with a double quartet of singers from Peking Academy went on February 10th to spend four days in special services in the General's camp. An additional team was sent to work among the 2,000 cadets in Peking and two teams to work among the 5,000 soldiers in Tungchou. The preachers were entertained by the colonels and generals and were treated with every courtesy.

The first meeting started at seven o'cldck ill' the morning when Bible classes were conducted for officers and non-commissioned officers. A special course had been prepared, and the thirty-three classes were held at the same hour every morning. The preachiug services were at eleven o'clock, and a second service was at one o 'clock in the middle of the day, because they were held out in the open and a~l the warmth possible was needed to keep the men comfortable while they stood and listened to the preachers. It put the preachers on their mettle to see the hundreds of men standing in solid ranks listening eagerly. The services were opened by the officer in charge of the meeting, who called upon another officer to pray, and then gave the preachers opportunity to say all they wished.

The bugle blew at six o'clock, and the men, who had already been awake for half an hour, were in their places at once when the roll was caned, and from then on until night, except when attending the services, they were busy either at work or at play. During the last two days they were free from drill so they might have more time to attend the meetings, and it was certainly marvelous to see the admirable discipline and fine spirit of the meu when one recalled that they had not been paid for ten months. On the last day they received a month's pay, but since the privates are not allowed out of camp, the money was not given to them personally but was either sent to their parents at home or credited to their account in the regimental bank. The preachers soon learned that a command from headquarters could upset any plan made in any particular regiment. One pastor was at the very height of his eloquence when the major in charge of the service stepped up and said, "You have just been called to headquarters; please do not speak any more than ten minutes longer." How many audiences throughout the world would be relieved if there was some friendly major to tell the pastor, when the audience was cold or tired or worn out, that he had been called to headquarters.

The majority of General Feng's officers have been with him for many years, and they are earnest Christians, being interested in Christianity not simply in order to curry favor with the General but

19l13] WINNING AN ARMY FOR OHR.tST

because of their own experience and their realization that China's only hope is to be found in belief in the Lord Jesus Christ.

The singing by Professor Liu of Peking Academy and his students, making a double quartet, and the solos by Rev. Horace E. Dewey were most popular among the men, and the musicians were on call from early morning until late at night. They sang not only to small groups but out in the open. One evening General Li of the Eighth Brigade had them train his own special singers for several hours, and after that each of the nine visiting singers rendered a solo. This so inspired the General that he sang a solo himself. From early morning until late at night groups were practising hymns and national airs, and it was indeed inspiring to go along in the dark and hear the Christian melodies. The enthusiasm ' of the students and workers was great, and in spite of the hard work they were wonderfully cheered as a result of the interest and enthusiasm displayed by the men.

On the last day of the meeting's, being the twenty-ninth of the last month of the old year, it was found that there was such a large number who wished to be baptized and elltel' the Church that it would be necessary to have these baptisms on another day; so the thirtieth of 1~~ '6rEM~~H~~:rkH~~~~1,E~f:G the last month of the Chinese year was selected, and several of the leaders stayed in order to perform this ceremony. The soldiers were not baptized carelessly or just in order to satisfy the demands of the General, but they had been carefully watched and trained for montbs and had to be of good character and must have been under Christian instruction for several months. When all the candidates had been examined it was found there were more than 4,000 who should be baptized. These were divided into six groups and on Feb. 15, 1923, were brought into the Church. There were no rooms large enough,so it was necessary to have the men in the open. They were formed into long lines and after answering the questions and hearing solemn addresses either by their own officers or by the preachers, they were baptized. Those who had been invited by Rev. Hsu K 'un Shan and Rev. Liu Fang, the chairman 'of the visiting group, to spend the last day of the old year in this great work were

Dr. Chen Heng Te, Rev. Tsou Chin Ching, Dr. W. T. Hobart, Rev.

Yang Jung Shen, and Dr. G. L. Davis. Dr. H. H. Lowry and Dr.-C. A.

Felt came down to see the baptismal service and were invited to take part, and it is doubtless true that Dr. Lowry baptized more men in that one day than he had during any twenty years of his career as an active missionary. The men were certainly in earnest, and the whole ceremony was gone into with the greatest care. General Feng said: "The most important duty of any soldier this day is to be baptized, if he has passed his examinations; and all men, whether they are on guard duty or have been placed on special work, are to be relieved and sent to the services." So almost none of those who had passed the examinations were absent when the roll was called. It is very doubtful if anywhere before has a baptismal service been conducted by two generals, the actual work being done by the clergymen, as- sisted by majors who earried the bowls for them.

For many years our Chinese leaders have prayed for a day when some of the great Chinese officials should be Christians but we had not expected to see a Chinese officer as earnest a Christian as General Feng. He works not only among his own soldiers but among a great many outsiders, and is doing everything in his power to bring the Lord Jesus Christ to those with whom he comes in contact. Again and again he ordered the word sent around among all the men that no one was to seek baptism who did not earnestly wish to become a Christian and believe it was his personal duty. • Some people wonder what the common people around the army think of these soldiers in comparison with those of Chang TsoLin, who occupied Nanyuan last year. One old rickshaw man, who had known the various soldiers who have encamped in Nanyuan since the first days of the republic, said: "Last year none of us were safe.

General Chang's soldiers came into our homes and took what they pleased and did what they pleased. But no one ever heard of soldiers like these. _.. _"

It is impossible to calculate the benefit of General Feng's influ- enceamong these men. Although discipline is very strict and they are kept at their work all the time, yet the men love him-devotedly, because of his honesty, fairness, and willingness to share alike with them. His fare is the most simple, and it is true that many of his officers live in better style than he does. The difficulty in securing funds at this time for such a great army is tremendous, and the General has many extremely hard problems to solve in endeavoring to do his best to put China on her feet. He firmly believes that the only hope for China is to befclUnd.in the Lord Jesus Christ. May all the churches in- China and America unite in the most.earnest prayers for the General and his officers and men who are striving so hard to live active, earnest Christian lives every day among this great group. –

of Religious Freedom in

BY REV. E. D. BEYNON, DETROIT, MICHIGAN Pastor of the Centenary Methodist Episcopal Church .nAS. MIGHT be inferred from the Asiatic and Mongolian origin of the Hungarian people, the course of religious development in Hungary has been very different from that of other European countries. Elsewhere in Europe there were in anyone state only one State Church. The Hungarian system, however, was more like that of Japan and China. A number of churches was recognized and regulated by the State, the door being firmly closed against all others. Thus we find the curious situation which existed within the memory of men now living, whereby two great Protestant Churches were recognized by the Government of Hungary along with the Roman and Greek Catholic Churches, while the door of entrance was closed against all other Protestant denominations almost as effectually as Lamaism has for centuries closed the door of Tibet against all forms of Christianity.

Within the boundaries of Hungary were found great numbers of Serbs and Roumanians, adherents of the Greek Orthodox Church, so that the Government recognized this along with the Roman Catholic Church. Later a secession took place when the Magyar members of the Greek Orthodox Church wished to come into the fold of Rome, with certain conditions. They were willing to acknowledge the supremacy of the See of Rome, but opposed a celibate priesthood and the celebration of the mass in other than the national tongue. Accordingly these Uniates were formed into a third Church, the Hungarian Greek Catholic Church. While acknowledging the Pope, they were in all other respects quite separate from the Roman Catholic Church. The recognition of all three Churches dates back to the early Middle Ages. The King of Hungary was officially head of all the Churches within his dominions, and was accustomed to exercise a large amount of control over their internal management.

The Reformation and Counter-Reformation led to a still more peculiar situation. In the first outburst of Reformation enthusiasm, Protestantism almost entirely conquered Hungary. The dreary· years of struggle known as the Counter-Reformation greatly reduced the numbers of Protestants but did not entirely eliminate them. In fact, the Roman Catholics, who controlled the Government, came to realize that Hungary could not afford to destroy her Protestants without the most lasting injury to herself j and a Hungarian, whether Catholic or Protestant, is a Hungarian, before he is a Churchman. Accordingly the Government adopted the policy of including the two prominent Protestant Churches-the Reformed and the Lutheran- 631

among the number of those recognized and regulated by the State. All other Protestant Churches were rigorously excluded. These two were privileged to remain, but they must live to themselves. It was also made very difficult for a person born in one denomination to go over to another. Before making such a change, the minister or priest of the man's former denomination must be notified weeks in advance, and his consent must be obtained before the man could be enrolled in the denomination of his choice. Such was the old law which, happily, today is abrogated. The appointment of all preachers to their charges had to be confirmed by the Minister of Public Instruction and Religion, who was always a Roman Catholic. While tolerating these recognized forms of "heresy," the Roman Catholic bishops insisted that the Protestant preachers remain faithful, each to his own recognized heresy. Hence, when a new Protestant preacher came to his charge, the Roman Catholic bishop of the diocese in which thfl charge was situated claimed the right to examine- the new clergyman, and, if he found him unsatisfactory, to demand that a change be made.

Every citizen of the kingdom was compelled to register at a religions census as an adherent of one of the recognized religions. Though he never went to church, and his sympathies might be elsewhere, yet he had to put his name down as Roman Catholic, Greek Catholic, Greek Orthodox, Reformed, or Lutheran. If he lived in Transylvania he was granted the additional privilege of being allowed to enroll as a Unitarian. The assessment for the support of each of these Churches came to those who had registered as belonging to it. Thus if a man registered as Reformed, he was assessed so much for the support of the Reformed Church. It was a state tax aud if he did not pay, the bailiff had the right to seize his property.

This state of things led to a most unsatisfactory condition within the Protestant Churches of Hungary and all the old Reformation enthusiasm died out. Additions to church membership came only from the confirmation classes. It has frequently been said that nothing would horrify a Hungarian Protestant preacher more than to witness conversions taking place under his preaching. The greatest words of praise wherewith Ii Hungarian Protestant commends his preacher are: "He does not speak to the heart."

The only thing able to save Hungarian Protestantism from ultimate extinction-the thing its friends feared and its enemies expected ~was a renewed intercourse with the more vital Christianity of the Protestant Churches of the West. This the Hungarian Government was determined to prevent at all costs. New denominations were prevented from entering and people were 'not allowed to change their church connections without the consent of the preacher or priest. The state assessment to the support of one of the recognizeddenominations was also a barrier.

1923J GROWTH OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN HUNGARY

In spite of these regulations, certain forms of unrecognized re.:- ligion entered Hungary and maintained a more or less precarious foothold. Such were the Sabbatarians (Seventh Day Adventists), and the Nazarenes. The latter sect, made up of people who in beliefs and practices are very similar to the Quakers, has existed iu Hungary a long time. At first, it was bitterly persecuted. Later, it became unofficially tolerated. The toleration went so far that for some time the Army authority has refrained from placing Nazarenes in a combative corps. Yet the revival of Christianity in Hungary could not come from a sect which was weak and despised.

Finally, two strong Western Churches braved all the penal edicts and entered Hungary. These two Churches were the Baptists and the Methodists, both of which entered by way of Germany. Today they are closely linked with the American Churches of the same denominations. The Baptists were the first to enter, commencing their work in 1842, but for many years their beliefs had to be held more or less in secret. When the first Methodist missionary, Robert Moller, sought to land from the boat at Pozsony, in 1870, the authorities forced him to return to Austria, whence he had come. The Methodists were obliged to wait until 1895 before they found an opportunity to enter. In that year the Hungarian Government made its first real advance toward religious freedom. Two vexed questions had been debated for many years-the stat1Js of tM Jews, and the conversion of members of one Church into another. Along with these two, there arose the question of mixed marriages. The civil marriage law of 1894 provided that marriages celebrated by civil authorities were legal. The Jewish law of 1895 admitted the Jews to the status of a recognized religion. Finally, the religious liberty law of 1895 assured the free practice of religion.

While the Government no longer officially persecuted members of the unrecognized denominations, stiIl it did nothing to save them from private persecution. Many were the attacks from mobs in the small villages, where the rule of the priest was absolute. Yet, in spite of this opposition, both the Baptists and Methodists rapidly gained ground and before the outbreak of the European War, there were 20,000 Baptists and about 600 Methodists. The Methodist work was mostly in the Bacska in the south. The Baptist work was largely in the large and rich county of Bihar. Through the Peace Treaty, both Baptists and Methodists lost their strongholds. The greater part of the Baptists came under the sway of Roumania; the Methodist preaching places now belong to Jugo-Slavia. Hence, in 1919, both Methodists and Baptists had practically to start all over again. Then came the Bolshevik misrule, when preachers of every denomina~ tion were persecuted. During the Roumanian occupation, there was another period.of suffer,ing, Yet, somehow, as a result of all these

hardships and sufferings which Methodists and Baptists had to endure along with all other people who called themselves Magyars, the attitude of the people toward these denominations changed.

In 1905, the Baptists received from Premier Couut Tisza some sort of quasi-official recognition. It was arranged then that Baptist preachers need no longer be compelled to serve in the army in any other capacity than that of Chaplain. For fifteen years this question of recognition made a great cleavage in the ranks of the Baptists and hindered their growth. In 1920 three bishops of the Methodist Church, visiting in Budapest, were entertained by the Premier, Huszar Karoly, and shown the devastation in the city after the Bolshevik rule and the Roumanian occupation. When they gave him a present of 300,000 korona for use in reconstruction work, there was a tremendous outburst of popular enthusiasm over the American Church which had come to help them.

In spite of the lingering handicaps from the old system, both }Iethodists and Baptists report a phenomenal increase since the war. In 1920, there were but 100 Methodists in Hungary, with one preacher and one church. Today the Methodists are spread over more than five counties, their number runs into the thousands, and they have many preachers and churches. It is the Mass Movement of India over again. A new and vital religion has come into the land. The people are heart-hungJ,'y and flock to every preaching service.

In conclusion, let me quote a few words from Bishop Balthasar of Debreczin, the head of the Reformed Church of Hungary. He was discussing the danger which all classes in Hungary have through the spread of Bolshevism. He said: "Neither the Catholic, Reformed, Lutheran, nor any other Church established in Hungary can reach the mass of the people any longer. Not only are we losing them, but they are flocking into Bolshevism and becoming a menace. If you can do anything to save them to Christianity, may God bless your efforts. Churches which have had no connection with the past in Hungary can do what we cannot."

SPARKS FROM THE HOME MISSION ANVIL Adapted from Rev. B. C. Hening, D.D., in Home ronil Foreign Field Affinity is a good thing only when it is affinit~· for the right thing. There is a world of difference between doing a thing because it is rigbt and claiming that it is right because we are doing it. It is better to seek help to do what we ought than to see~k an excuse for doing what we wish. To claim faith in the teachings of the Scriptures and not to disseminate them is hypocrisy. Men need not be of our race to harm us if we neglect to .give them the Gospel. If people are willing to see only what they wish to see, then good eye sight is of little use to them.

God's sun, soil and showers are of little value to produce a harveRt if there is stinted sowing of good seed.

Christ's Cause Among the

Notes of a Recent Conference Held in Princeton, New .JerseY,in the Interest of .Jewish Evangelization 13Y JOHN STUART CONNING, D.D., NEW YORK NOONE acquainted with the Jewish situation in America (mn doubt that the Jews are now entering upon one of the most critical and eventful periods in their whole history. Their numbers and wide distribution, their increasing influence, the decline of the synagogue, the growth of materialism and irrElligion among them, the distinct lowering of moral standards within recent years, the rise of anti-semitism-all remind us that the Christian Church in America can no longer ignore the Jews. While individual Christians have kept alive the sense of obligation to the children of Israel, no thoroughgoing effort has been put forth by any denomination in this country, and no definite, thought-out program of Jewish evangelization has been projected.

The Conference on Jewish Evangelization, therefore, recently called by the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions for the discussion of important problems, and to confer as to the best methods of approach to the Jews, was significant mainly in that it indicated the desire of a great body of Christians to write work for the Jews into their missionary program. The fact that other denominations are enlisting in similar service may be regarded as a common recognition of responsibility and an earnest purpose to make the evangelization of the Jews an integral part of the denominational activities..The Conference at Princeton had a varied program with speakers eminently qualified to present their subjects in a vital and practical way. Among these were Professor Charles R. Erdman, of Princeton Seminary; Drs. John A. Marquis and John McDowell, of the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions; Dr. H. H. McQuilkin, of Orange; Dr. Max Reich, president of the Hebrew Christian Alliance; and others engaged in work forJewish people.

The fact that there are now about 4,000,000 Jews in the United States-a larger number than is estimated for any other landchallenges the attention of the Christian Church. Though themajorityare poor, yet the race as a whole is making progress in many lines of activity, and they wield an influence out of all proportio~ to their numbers. On the bare ground of self-interest theChutflhmay well consider the importance_ of enlisting- this -adaptable, resourceful and masterful people in the service of Christ.

All Christian work must face difficulties, but it is generally agreed that there are special obstacles to be overcome in seeking to 635

win the Jews for Christ. There is the traditional Jewish attitude of opposition to Christianity because its teaching seems to conflict with the fundamental doctrine of Judaism concerning the divine unity. Orthodox Jews also have received a distorted conception of Jesus which closes the door to any Messianic claims which may be presented by Christians, while Reformed Jews, who have been taught a nobler view of Jesus as a prophet, yet repudiate the idea of His Messiahship, and claim for Him the place of a loyal Jew who sought only to exalt .Judaism and never intended that His followers should establish another religion. The main difficulties, however, are historical. The Jew is antagonistic to Christianity chiefly because the persecutions he has been called upon to endure at the hands of nominally Christian people have put a veil between him and Christ. This ill-usage has had the effect of driving the Jew in upon himself and making his Jewishness more Jewish, and in developing a communal consciousness which interprets acceptance of Christianity as treason to the Jewish race. Many a Jew has come to believe in Christ, but lacks the courage to confess Him openly and thus let loose upon himself a storm of conununal wrath.

In the Princeton Conference, it was also brought out that the difficulties in the way of Jewish evangelization are not all on the side of the Jew. There is a deep-seated prejudice, even among those who profess to be followers of Christ, which imposes barriers difficult to surmount. Such an attitude robs the Gospel of its meaning and nullifies the work of the missionary. Varied explanations were given for the rise of anti-semitism in America-racial prejudice, the disagreeable characteristics of some Jews, Jewish exclusiveness, religious antipathy, the place of the Jews in the rejection of Christ, the unserupulous methods of certain Jewish business men, alarm at their growing influence, the international character of Jewish activities, etc. But while all agreed that Jews, as individuals, must bear the burden of their own misconduct, it was held to be both unjust and unChristian for us to lay upon a whole race responsibility for the sins of the few.

The Christian Church, moreover, is under obligation, by every Christian motive, to oppose all propaganda directed against the Jews and seek to defend them from all unfair and false accusations.

A questionnaire was sent out by the Department of Jewish Evangelization of the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions to 120 Hebrew Christians in this and other lands concerning the best method of approach to the Jews. The replies brought out the fact that ninetyeight per cent of those who responded had been led to open their minds and hearts to Christian truth through the kindness and sympathetic interest of some individual Christian. This fact consequently· must largely determine the methods to be employed in the work of J ewish ev~ngelization. For Jewish neighborhoods it was agreed that community work is more fruitful in results than the con-

J9231 UHRJS'l"S CAUSE AMONG THE JEWS

ventional Jewish mission, as the .Jews resent being singled out as the object of Christian effort. The varied ministries carried on in a community center furnish manifold opportunities for personal approach through which the Christian spirit is revealed, prejudices are broken down, and a way is opened for the Gospel. These ministries make more effective the distinctly evangelistic services which are an essential part of the program. As an evidence of the fruitfulness of such methods, a speaker at a recent Conference of Conservative Rabbis was quoted as saying that while the old-fashioned missions succeeded in demoralizing a few individuals, the new method of community approach demoralized whole neighborhoods. While community work in neighborhoods predominantly Jewish meets an essential need, and should be greatly extended, yet the majority of Jews in the United States do not live in ghettos, but in American residential neighborhoods and within the parishes of Christian churches. For such Jewish people, the way of approach must be through the local church. There are thousands of churches that have Jews in their community and the work of Jewish evangelization will never be overtaken until such churches are enlisted in a ministry to these Jewish neighbors.

The subject of appropriate literature for Jews also received consideration. It was recognized that conditions in America demand a new type of literature to meet the need of the American Jew who has broken with the synagogue but who is under the spell of atheism, socialism, and modern cults, or is frankly materialistic.

The Conference was characterized by the spirit of hopefulness, and those who attended recognized, in the present situation, a call of God to interpret to the Jew the Gospel in terms of sympathy and good will and seek to lead him out of his mental and spiritual ghettos into the freedom of Christ.

Women's Work in the Metropolis One Hundred Years 'of the Woman's Branch of the New YOTk City Mission Society BY EDITH H. WIDTE, EXEC1UTiVE SECRETARY O NLY those who have been in intimate touch with the Church and problems of a great cosmopolitan city can realize the need for bringing the light and life of the Gospel of Jesus Christ to bear on the individuals and the home life of these masses of human- .ity. Social and industrial life, amusements, employment, education and health, as well as Church life, are all affected by the religious ideals and habits of the people. Social evenings, musical organizations, gymnasium,bowling, sewing-school, cooking and kitchen gar-

den are a part of the work of the Woman's Branch of the New York City Mission and every summer about 6,000 people are sent from the city into the country for outings, as well as 800 children for two weeks in the fresh air.

The City Mission Society employs twenty-two visitors and nine nurses who make an average of 50,000 visits during the year in the homes of the poor. The nurses make about 4,000 calls a year in the homes of the people and some 6,000 treatments are given in the firstaid rooms of three of the Children's Aid Society schools, the Virginia Day Nnrsery, Lincoln Home and Hospital.

In 1873 a missionary was appointed to visit the sick poor, and this work was found so valuable that a member of the first graduating class from Bellevue Hospital Nurses' Training School was secured to attend the sick poor in their homes-the first district nurse work. The following year five trained nurses were employed, and as the work has increased according to the funds available, the foundation principle of a society has been maintained that as the nurses minister to the body, instruct the mothers or daughters, they also minister to the soul.

A training school was established in 1895 to give instruction in the mornings and practical experience in the afternoons. After a year of study and practice many of the young women become Pastors' Assistants, Church Visitors or leaders in Church activities, community service or missionary work.

The society has been a pioneer, not only in district nursing but in sewing schools (established in 1866), employment bureaus and benevolent aid. Out-of-door services were held in 1873 for persons of all nationalities and shades of complexion, and in 1875 Olivet Church started a "Helping Hand Auxiliary" for women who were paid by the hour for sewing. Mothers' meetings were started in the same year. The Virginia Day Nursery was opened in 1878, the same year that fresh air work was begun. Visits to prisons, accompanying delinquents to court, cooperation with old F'ive Point's Mission, with hospitals and dispensaries, have alS'O been included in the activities. In the year 1822, $606.37 was spent in the work; fifty years later the budget was $3,466.00, and last year, the one hundredth year, $108,- 774.80 was spent. At the fiftieth anniversary it was reported that during the half century $94,166 had been raised and expended by ladies, but in the second half of the century $2,050,224.25 was raised.

The five churches conducted by the society are interdenominaional and gave to the society last year $8,230 from voluntary offerings. Over two hundred and fifty of these church people are helping in the City Mission Churches, and two hundred and seven united with them on confession of faith during 1922.

Twenty years ago it city mission worker noticed the leadership of a West Side boy who was a member of a street gang. One day,

J WOMEN'8 WORK IN THE METROPOLIS

as a bait, the missionary asked him to get her a piece of cheese at the corner grocery store. 'When he brought it back she asked him to arrange the chairs for an evening meeting. He complied with her request, attended the meeting and afterwards went to the gymnasium. Later he said: " For ten years I fixed those chairs before and after the meeting; I entered into the educational, industrial, social, physical, and spiritual life of the Church. I got a job through the Church: I found my wife there; our children are now members of the Cradle Roll. Thank God for that piece of cheese!"

A VISITING NURSE TREATING AN INJURY Was it worth while? A city mission district nurse has a picture of fourteen young men who were members of her Sunday-school class, recruited while nursing in their homes of poverty and ignorance. These young men have now gone into other parts of the great city as successful physicians, teachers and business men. One is the superintendent of a large Sunday-school and all are a credit to the manhood of America. This nurse recently met a young man holding a place of trust with a well-known city architect. She first met him as a lad of seven years, walking with his mother, five sisters and three brothers a few days after they had landed. She spoke with them in their own language, invited them to church and they all came-father

64U 'l'HE MISSIONARY REVIE'V OJ.' 'i'HE IVOH·LD

included. They suffered hardships, living in cheap rooms with bad air and limited food. Now, years afterward, the young man said to the nurse with a great deal of emotion: "I want to tell you that I have been made a member of the firm and I owe it to the day when you met that immigrant boy and invited him to the church where he got started right. I will pass it on."

When we see one living man or woman, a vital element and a constructive force for good, instead of a destructive and evil influence in his community, we realize the value of such regenerative work. When we think that if we reach even as few as ten people a year, we hav,e in one hundred years reconstructed t,OOO lives and have helped them to become forces for good in home and business, in Church and State, then statis- tics become athrob with life!

Cities are strategic cen- ters, for from them go out in- fluences that affect the whole nation. Today the thirty-one women workers of the W om- .lIIIIIIii=~~' an's Branch of the New York City Mission speak in many WHERE THE CITY MISSIONARY WORKS tongues and touch the lives of white and colored, of Italians and Germans, Spanish and Czecho-Slov- akians, Syrians and Spaniards.

Four City Mission Churches are supplied with a staff of five to eight workers. Within a year the following results were recorded: 269 gathered into church schools; 35 children gathered into day schools; 45 adults gathered into church schools and home depart- . ments. Ten mornings devoted to canvassing from Houston to ]1ifth Streets on Avenue B, included visits to 253 families, among whom were Italians, Poles, Russians, Ukranians, Germans, Slavs, Hungar- ians and one American. About half of them were Roman Catholics, a third of them Jews and thirteen were connected with Olivet Church.

The officers of the Society are: Mrs. A. F. Scbauffler, First Directress; Miss Ele8JJ.or deGraff Cuyler, Second Directress; Mrs. William S. Edgar, Secretary; Miss Eleanor G. Brown, '£reasurer; Mrs. A. W. Halsey, Treasurer Christian Workers' Home; Mrs. Henry R. Cartwright, Jr., TreMmer Christian Workers Training Sehool; Miss Elizabeth Billings, Treasurer, Benevolent Fnnd; Mrs. L. S. Bainbridge, Honorary Snperintendent; Miss Edith H. White, Executive Seeretary. The Headquarters are located at 105 East 22d Street, New York Oity.

MBTHODS

EDITED BY MRs. E. C. CRONK, 844 DREXEL BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA FEDERATED POSSIBILITIES the United States of America, and The "I can't" of isolation gives helps tens of thousands of people to way before the" we can" of coopera- better race relations and missionary tion. The impossible of the individual interest, is worthy of the attention of beeomes the possible of the group. all other cities.

Such are the accomplishments of Bent the grass blades to each other, World Kindred Week in Chicago.

Whispered each unto his brothe]', World Kindred Week did not just , I Let '8 combine! happen. It was not a sudden, spec- tacular and meteoric flash. It was Let '8 combine I " the climax of months of careful, pains- Then the tiny blades, upspringing, Sent these words with voices ringing: "See the fruit 'of combination- taking missionary education. Emerald carpet for 'a nation! " Fifty thousand young people, mem- Once the stars said to each other, bers of various denominational young Signaling It far·off brother, people's organizations, determined to "Let's all shine! set themselves to the task of aiding Let's all shine!" in the solntion of the race problem in Chicago and of developing greater At the word their lamps were lighted, interest in home and foreign missions. And earth's wandering feet were righted. Oh, the power of combination For the world's illumination I They. worked through the Young Said the churches of a city, People's Commission of the Chicago "We work alone. That's such a pity. Federation of Churches. Following the line of the mission study themes Let's combine!

Let '8 com.hine!" for the year, they centered on India and Inter-Racial Relations. Begin- Strength has Mille to men wherever ning in December, five months before They have faced a task together, their final World Kindred Week, they 1Jet us try cooperation planned careful study and prepara- In the world's regeneration.

-Adapted from Sarah L. Stoner.

There are things in the missionary tion to culminate in the production work or the world that must be done of two great religious dramas, "Finby individuals. There are some things ger Prints, " a drama play on race rethat must be done by a single congre- lations, and "Tides of India," a gation or denomination, but there are pageant play portraying, with a cast some things that require group coop- of five hundred young people, India's eration for successful accomplishment. religious destiny. Natives of India took part, and real tropical animals r were introduced in some of the epi- WORLD KINDRED WEEK IN OHI- sodes.

OAGO The play told the story of a rajah A missionary achievement of one who threatened to turn a tiger loose city, which enlists the participation of on the Christians near his palace, but fifty thousand young people of vari- who was finally won over to Christi- ous denominations, inspires editorial anity through his brother and his comment of Chicago papers, wins brother's wife whom he had previ- commendation from the President of ously imprisoned when he learned of 641 4

their acceptance of Christianity. Mod- enterprise is worth while as a demon- ern conditions in India were vividly stration of the spiritual unity which transcend~ sectarian lines when the portrayed. Gospel is considered in its broader One of the difficult accomplishment~ a~pects as a solution for vexed prob- lcms underlying the relations of races was the singing of native Indian and peoples. Here denominational songs. The enthusiastic determination differences are submerged by the youth of the young people refused to accept of the Church for a common causF'. the statement of the Washington rep- and the stage and the drama becomc resentative of the Government of a means for: conveying to Chicago a India that it would be impossible to me~sag-e of fundamental oneness in get the music of the Indian National the sen'ice of mankind. '1'0 our anthem, Bande Mataram, Hail Moth- thought, this undertaking marks a erland. They found a Hindu who new era in religious work." could sing the anthem and had the music written down note by note. The Pre~ident Warren G. Harding, in chorus of one hundred voices was then a letter to the Young People's Comtrained with this musical score for thr mission commending their effort to first occasion on which a group of (~ontribute to the solution of the race Oeeidentals had ever sung this diffi- prohlem, urg'ed the development of cult Oriental music. IJ,'l'pater cooperation between the white UI1(1 black races. He gaid in part: One of the most valuable educa- "R3!'ial amalgamatIOn there cannot tional features of the pageant was the be. Partnership of the races in destudy and preparation made by th(' ,'eloping the highest aims of all hufive hundred young people who pro- lIlanit," there must be if humanity, duced it. The impression made b~' not ()lll~' h('rE' but everywhere, is to its two productions in Medinah Tem- IIchie"e the ends we have set forth." . ple, the largest eonvention hall ill Chicago, with the second largest stage The mission study themes for 1923in the world, will abide with thou- 24. "Raving America Through her sands of spectators. The play was Girls and Boys" and " Japan," chalwritten by Helen L. Willcox, and di- lenge the cooperation of the churches rected bv Ruth Worrell. of the ('ities and counties of America foJ' similar presentation. "Finger Prints," the play on race relations, was written by Charlotte C. PLAYGROUND POSSIBILITIES S. Chorpenning, a Chicago woman. for an pqual number of white and It Vas only a small town-too small Negro pla~'erR. The dialogue is made to have man~' of the improvements lip of ~wOl'd for word quotations from that are common in larger towns. It l'Onversations between the author and was .large enough, however, to hav€' interested members of both races, and houses crowded together on narrow was based on some four hundred in- streets and children playing in alleys. terviews and forty group discussions. A man who had studied the play- The study concerns the attempt of ground work of larger cities, spent a both white and colored people to im- summer Tacation in the small town. prove their community, and shows One day a child playing in the street how Christianity makes possible right was run down by an automobile, inter-racial relationships, "Why don't you give your children The Chicago Daily JOllrnal made a playground f" he' asked of the small the following comment editorially: town. "World Kindred Week is a splendidly ambitious and high purposed enter- "We never thought of a playground prise. Aside from the particular in- for a little town like this," answered terest inherent in the themes of these a woman resident. two plays, the enterprise deserves more than passing comment. The , 'A child wal! killed because you

1923J BEST

never thought," suid the IllUlI ,,1Iietl,L the churches will cooperate in it. A Then the IYOlllAn had to think. She score of eities 1l0W have fall schools of missions. Each cooperating church had to make other people think. The~' selects its mission study leaders for found that more than half of the chil- the yeal' and send" them to the school dren of their town had no yards in for ·their training. which to pIa.". ~. playground W<IS purchased. The l'hureheH each fur- 'fIll' result is that thousands of Ilished H represputative to ~t'rve on a leaders are being prepared for their playground committee. Each church work every year. was responsible for the playground for one day a week. Young people of Baltimore, Maryland is Olle of the H II j he churches were quick to volun- cities that has, through the federated teer to' help. College athletes at home work of the missionary women of the on v8eation became interested. Spe- city, given an annual school of mis- ('ial features were arrallgpd and sions to the workers of all the "pecial C(lllte~ts staged. churches.

The Town (!()lll1cil became inter- The president tells two stories of ('sted and made an appropriation for resu1t~ in individual cases: a trained playgTound director to work UHler th~ ('ommitt('f' of th(' chureheH , 'lVIa~" I join your mission study and to IULYe general charge of the class?" was asked by a bright, enerlargc staff of Yoluntl'er IYOrkNS II'ho getic young woman. The pastor's IHr(' ('a~t'r to Iwlp. wife anSIH'rp'd, "No, but you may teach it." The idea was immediately A WORLD VOYAGE taken up hy the members of the mis- ,ionar.' 80ciet)" and they agreed that How It maN be ,}fade without tile E.Tl'enSf' the coming school of missions prom- of a Stea,m.hip Tic/,rt ised the needed aid.

~ix groups in one church or six or It was decided that the prospective more churches may combine in a teacher should attend the school and yoyage around the world. Assign a the society m€'~t the expense. This country to each group or church. Al- arrangement proved satisfactory. low several weeks or months for study and preparation. Let each group or The school, with its capable inchurch prepare for effective presenta- structors for the arlult, young people, tion of missionary work in the coun- anrl junior books, the many missiontry assigned them. Exhibits of maps, aries home on furlough, bearing with charts, pictures, products and articles them the very atmosphere, needs, and showing' life and customs may be opportunities of the fields they repreplanned. Dramatizations, readings Rented, the splendid Christian women and stor.ies may be employed. and men zealous for knowledge, and enthusiastic in giving expression to An entirE' day, or an afternoon, or their faith. and the pleasant fellowan evening may be spent in each ship attracted and enthused this country, or a month may be devoted young woman. to each with a varied program for presentation. She attended all sessions and COll- tributed to the music with her well FEDERATED SCHOOLS OF MIS- trained voice. Later she "ntered into the Christian actiyities of the winter SIONS with zest.

A well equipped, well attended When a camp leader was wanted by school of missions may be an impos- her denomination for Wilson College sibility for one church or for one de- and Mountain Lake Summer School nomination in a town or city, but of Missions, she was chosen. At the almost any city may have a successful latter she taught the young people '8 school of missions if the people of all book and again gave expression of her

consecration to a life of service WHY NOT SAVE AMERICA THROUGH through her songs. HER BOYS AND GIRLS' Not all of us The complete giving came when she live in such cities, but all of us live responded to the call for workers in in cities and towns with resident chil- Japan. There she labors and is dren. Our home mission theme is grateful that she attended a school Saving America Through Her Boys of missions. and Girls. Why not have all the churches plan an affair or various *** affairs-with the children as guests of honod The women'8 missionary A young mother, busy with home societies of a town or city might enduties, yet not too occupied, attended tertain the chi,ldren's societies at a the school of missions. She began to story hour or a reception. realize the needs of her own church. She saw the great number of young There should be federated plans for people in their teens not enrolled for children of the Juvenile Court, for service. These she has steered through orphans and neglected children, and two seasons of mission study. But, for the entire child life of the comthe testing of her interest was ex- munity. pressed when asked if she would be willing for one of her daughters to WHY NOT MAKE A COMBINED APgo to the foreign field. "What! afbr all I have said to others about life PROACH TO YOUR PUBLIC LIBRARY 1 A service 1 Yes, wherever God chooses Library Committee may do far-reachto usc her, I am willing." ing work for a city federation by get- ting from librarians or mission study *' *' :I(:; leaders of various churches, a list of missionary reading or reference books Winter schools of missions in Flor- they would like to have added to the ida are proving most successful. library for their year's study and mak- Schools at Deland and St. Petersburg ing out from them a list to be prehave become regular features of the sented to the librarian with the re- January and February program for quest of the federation that these Florida. The 1923 schools enrolled books be added to the library. Any delegates from more than thirty public library wi1l give respectful atstates, and from foreign lands. The tention to such a request if it bears number of men in attendance was a with it the assurance that the churches matter of comment. Prominent busi- of the city unite in making it. ness men, with whom it is difficult to get a five minute interview in New THE NECESSITY WHICH MOTHERS York, sat for hours in the school of missions. Women, who are driven by INVENTION home cares so that they could attend few meetings in their own cities, She had no blackboard, no crayons, sauntered leisurely from tourist hotels no large sheets of paper, but she had to spend the day at the school of mis- all outdoors around her. She wanted sions. to teach a lesson on India to her chil- dren. The day was hot. The shade Other winter resorts will do well of the trees was cool and inviting, so to learn from Florida the advantages the meeting was held on the lawn. of winteT schools of missions. Instead of a wall or blackboard map, there was a lawn map or India, out- WHY NOT? lined by white tape held in place by long nails or pegs. WiHY NOT ENTERTAIN RESIDENT JAP- Instead of stars or circles to locate ANESE? As we are studying Japan mission stations the boys and girls this year, why not have all the themselves stood on the map to give churches in cities or towns in which the proper location. A pilgrimage to there are resident Japanese give a the great shrines was given and a special reception at which Japanese missionary journey. A similar plan are the honor guests?

BEST MEl'HODS

might be used for indoor meetings by ing done, because anyone who wanted a book had simply to ask for it, but drawing a chalk map on the floor. A very few asked; now we have over a hundred well selected books and as sand map on the beach is another pos- soon as funds are available, we will purchase the latest books. In fact, we sibility. must do this to supply the ever in- creasing demand. Last year over four '* *' *' hundred books were read and this year we will undoubtedly double the There was no auditorium. There number.

were no electric lights, Jio aluminum In order to accomplish this, the libra- rians must be on the alert all the time. screen, no seats-only a man who They cannot wait until the books are called for. No indeed; our librarians wanted to reach some of the unreached attend the monthly meetings of the people of the mountains with a mis- missionary society, take an armful of books and mingle with the women as sionary message. they assemble, suggesting books they would not only enjoy reading, but He put his screen np between two that they would find helpful; then they are on hand at the aid and circle trees and adjusted his lantern with meetings doing the same thing, per- suading many to read one of the books its gas tank. The people sat on the who never read any books along mis- Bionary lines before, and, too, husground, and with earnest interest, un- bands enjoy reading them. We also see that the expressional societies of spoiled by an overdose of movie films, the church school have books suited to their needs, and it is surprising how looked for more than an hour at the many of these books they are reading and the eagerness with which they are first pictures they had ever seen of called for. lands across the oc>IeI an*. We find the intensely interesting >II books like, BeUs- of the Blue Pagoda, Sita and RevoU of Sundarang, are "Will you illustrate the use of a ~plendid for giving out first and creat- ing a desire to know more of condimissionary curio or object lesson at a tions in other lands and amQng other peoples. You must have a variety of special demonstration meeting 1" books to suit the different tastes. Our books are in great demand for the "Haven't any curio with me," an- various programs of the church so- cieties. swered the young man. It is surprising, the increased mis- "Find one," suggested the leader. sionary spirit .that is aroused through the reading of the many books to be "That will be a second feature of the had and the informing of our people demonstration.' , on this phase of our work in other lands. A genuine interest in the work That afternoon the young man was has developed which could have been gained in no other way and those who out for a hike with the Boy Scouts formerly took a passive interest are now enthusiastic for missions-World on an old Indian traiL They found a Call.

number of arrow heads.

The next day at the demonstration meeting he displayed an arrow head as his point 01 contact and introduc- tion for the story of the Red Man's search for the white man's Book of Heaven.

HOW TO GET MISSIONARY BOOKS READ By MRS. TRos. D. GORDON Librarian of the Missionary Society of the Firat Christla.n Churuh of Oklahoma City One of the very best means of interesting people in missions is through the reading of live, truthful missionary books. But you say, How are we going to get the books V Do as we did -by raising a special book fund.

We now have a librarian and three assistants, using a card index system to keep a record of our books and those who read them. Two years ago we had fifteen books with very >little read-

Woman's Foreign Mission

Editorial OOJ1!miitcc: MRK. HENRY '. PEABODY, ,LICE :!. KYLE. (fr.;Wl'ln':DE SmeLT/.

MEETING OF EXECUTIVE COM- eeJemonies pecuLiar to the elall of the MITTEE OF THE FEDERATION ,merican eollege girl. 'fheir first JUNE 14th ill recorded introduction into tIl<' colleO'c Among matters of interl'st discussed life of South India took place at the meeting were the organization ;1areh last year when the " ellul'l'

of the National Committee of One Medical School sent out its first ClaSH Hundred for I,aw Enforcement, with of fourteen to take their places in the pwohritc~h the Federation is affiliated' re- world of professional women. from many of the Boards' ap- It was Dr. Ida Scudder's idea that provmg a plan for the Federation of these fourteen girls should know some- tahere'Cpohrrti8btiyanMWrs.omWeinllioafmthWe aWterosrlod~· thing of the fun and frolic, the Iwrit- age of tradition, the links of dear the Commission of International Jus- a~sociation that characterize com- tice and ?ood Will; suggestions sent lllencement week. In this case how- by the Woman's Foreign Missionary ever, the traditioll must ne;cls be Society of the Methodist Episcop~l newly made, the associations freshlY Church that stewardship be made a formed, It makes one wonder whos'e topic for discussion at summer schools, brain first devised the Tree Planting at WeUesley, the first Dais~' Chain at and that resolutions be passed ill Ya~sar, the first passing oyer of the sympathy with the action of our Gov- ~cnior Steps at Mount nHyoly:~omkee~ican ernment in recognizing Mexico. An June hea t of ma The interesting visit from Rev. Adolph commencement weeks see;ned concen- Keller of Zurich, Switzerland. helped trated into that blazing March afterthe Executive Committee to visualizE' Huon. At four o'clock the sun was the serious situation of Protestantism fltill shining with undiminishpd force in Europe as the result of war and and the roof of the great white tent after-war conditions. A committee of pitched in the site of the town mamen has been appointed to consider ternity hospital was vibrating with this situation. Dr. Keller also appeals light and heat. for interest and sympathv from Christian women. I-,iteratur~ on this At 4 0 'clock, the YeHore poliee band subject can be secured from the sec- burst icnltao~s aentleivreeldyasmaadrvcah~ceangduatrhde. junior retary of the Federation, Miss Sarah "tftel' them, callie the freshmen carn'- Polhemus, 25 Madison Avenue New illg the product of many hours of lo~'­ York Citv. ' ing toil-not a laurel rope or a dais" The C~mmittee on Publications re- chain but a rope woven of tinv whit"e ported that owing to illness Miss flowers of the In dian jasmine~ It i~ Thompson would not be able to write the flower beloYEd of everv Indian the junior book on China and Mrs. girl. She has always a' fragrant Henry Meyers had been secured in her hsp~rrayhatiurc;kedjasimn inthee ;Oa'rlolsas~vdsb,raihdesavoyf place.

COLLEGE NOTES FROM INDIA WIth sweetness, encircle the neck of MISS A. B. VAN DOREN the bride; no other flower is so woven into the .life:history of the pe'Ople, Tree Day, Daisy Chain, Ivy Plant- none so rlCh In memOlT and associaing, Step Exercises, Last Will and tion. • 'I'estament–all these are rites and The other ceremony, characteristic 646 in its setting, was the planting of the nings four long, long years ago? , ..

mango tree. ~.~ the jasmine is green "A whistle sounded across the val- among Indian flowers, so the mango ley, and I turned to see approaching stands green among her trees. Its in the distance a khaki clad group, great size, its glossy leaves, and headed lJy another familiar figure.

spreading branches make it an oasis The leader whose face literally shone, of green on the barren -plain, a shelter as she led her class of Junior Girl from the sun's glare and heat. Its Guides on their evening march, was fruit is found on the tables of Gov- discoursing in animated tones. To ernors and in the lunch of the little my delight I recognized dear old unclad herdboy who rests his cattle Ebenezer on an excursian with her under its shade. There could be no hygiene class. I was led to pity them more fitting symbol of that "tree as I heard her announce in her usual whose leave8 are for the healing of enthusiastic way, 'We can visit the the nations," whose power is to be slaughter house first, then the filter exemplified in the lives of these four- beds and sewage farm, and we will teen. aim also at the reservoir, and then One vishes that every donor to the end with the municipal office, where Vellore ~Medical School might have I want to examine the last consign.

lwen a spectator at their first com- ment of rat traps and flea catchers, lllencement day. Even more, one for, girls, believe me, my latest inven· covets for thpm and for oneself, the tions in this line are going to banish privilege of being a visitor at the the rat, the flea and plague for ever fiftieth. Who can prophesy to what mor€'. I shall in this way get a gold our institution will have grown? Who bar to my Kaiser-i-Hind medal. Come <:an picture the lives of these first along. ' Yefl, it was the same old fourteen, the network of their healing Ebbie Gnanamuthu, but her name was contacts with Indian women, the pos- writ large as a public benefactor in ~;ibilities of their Christ-like ministry, the annals at the District Sanitary alike to tortured bodies and to sick and Medical Office, for she had in- hearts ~ He who plants a mango tree yented a trap that was guaranteed to leaves a gift to his children and grand- eatch and keep rats, mice, fieas, bugs, children. What shall we say of the acarus, scabies, or a common cold.

Christian women of America and "Up the steps of the surgical delndia who have planted this Tree of partment I wandered and was told Healing? that Dr. Devavaram would see me A S..nio.' CIa.. Prophecy when she had finished operating on a freshman into whose brain she had That the Indian college girl is witty been grafting a memory for anatom- as well as wise is seen by this class ical terms. In a few minutes out she prophecy, written by Elizabeth Jul- hopped, literally hopped, for the dress ian, one of the graduating class at she wore in the interests of science Yellore Medical School. The follow- forbade any attempt at walking. The ing are extracts: latest thing in operating gowns, evi- "Darkness was falling, nature was dently, was a large bag encasing the retiring to rest, and I lay on my couch whole of one's anatomy from the soles thinking of the past and dreaming of of the feet to the crown of the head.

the future. A sadness crept over my The openings were three in number, soul as I realized that my college days Ol~e at each side of the arms, and one were no more, and it was to cheer my in the region of the face at the right drooping spirits that I turned my hand corner to allow of vision by one gaze into the future with a view to eye only. To such a pass had Asepsis discovering what it held for me and come. I guessed from the curl on the my companions, for, had I not been fifth eyelash inferiorly that this was the seer of the class since its begin- myoId friend Miss Devavaram and T

guessed from what she mumbled out, for, like her predecessors, she had through the bag that she was well and a pas-'lion for work. .

happy and frightfully busy. , 'She called after me, 'Go to the "My little biplane took me in 15 .Viceregal I~odge and look up Dr. Asir- minutes to the China Bazaar street, vatham; she is private physician to Madras, and I landed at the door of the Vicerene.' I got to Simla in time the office of the Minister of Medicine, for dinner, and found the good doctor Dr. Thai Samuel. I was told by the examining the dinner cards. I heard peon that I would have to wait a con- her say as I entered 'Too much car- siderable time, as there were 203 bohydrate and not enough vitamines.

people to be attended to before me, Look up my last work on the "Effi- but, by announcing the fact that I was cacy of prickly pear thorns as a gland an old friend, I persuaded him to let digestive" and teoll the Vicerene if she me in on the 109th without bakshish. objects that one thorn in the stomach I Was ushered into the Minister's is better than two in the flesh.' Dr.

office, and there, seated in state, sat Asirvatham had but little time to Dr. Thai Samuel, clad in cloth of gold. spare from her practice, which was a She was talking ardently to no less a busy one, and she too had added lustre personage than Dr. Navamoni David to the name of the 192Q class. Bewhose dungery saree contrasted in fore leaving, she gave me a letter to strange manner with her richly read from Arabia in the wen-known gowned neighbour. But Dr. Nava- handwriting of Dr. Kruppa Abraham moni David had chosen her cloth to who wrote but seldom, she said, be- suit her simple tastes. She was now cause her work in Arabian palaces a valued member of the Legislative kept her so busy.

Council and adviser to Government on "Having come so far north I de- aU subjects pertaining to village life. termined to push on to Tibet where I She had reduced the death-rate in had been told I would find Drs. Law- villages from 10 in 1000 to 1 in 100. rence and Joshua. These two ardent Small-pox, chicken-pox, scabies, students of psychotherapy had in- plague and eholera were diseases now vented an apparatus for X-raying the only of the large towns, thanks to her. mind but had been much disappointed "Dr. Samuel urged me before to find that with it they 'could not leaving Madras to step up to the floor see through each other.'

above and see our old friend, Miss "I asked about Mrs. Thomas for I Borges, now Surgeon-General and knew that she too had sought Tibet every one said that such a one had in order to have a suitable atmosphere not been since the days of General in which to bring out her 'Poetry of Giffard. I entered the lift, and was Medicine and Surgery' in 59 volumes.

whizzed up to the office in question She had become a poet, they said, and and there I found her, but it was when not occupied with her children after a thorough search, for she was or cooking for her husband she wrote hidden behind stacks and stacks of everything she knew in verse.

papers which she told me afterwards "Calcutta was my next destination, were most of them grants for the for there I.expected to see Dr. Kana- Medical School, Vellore. 'You know, gam Stephens, the Principal of the Dr. Julian,' she said, 'these women School of Tropical Medicine. I found are never satisfied. They have every- Kanagam well but very busy as she thing a medical heart could desire and had just discovered that the cause of now they want half grant on a funic- elephantiasis was not the bite of the ular railway to climb the Jail hill on mosquito but the sting from the pro- their half holidays. They are never boscis of an elephant and she was now satisfied until they get what they have busy teaching a corps of ardent work- asked for.' With that she bowed me ers to deal with their extermination. "

19231 WOMAN '8 FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

Dr. Ida Scudder, in closing her ad- The Travel Department will comdress to the graduating class, said: bine with the best accomodations in ,,We have watched you during the past four years with interest; we have travel, carefully arranged visits to rejoiced as we saw you developing, becoming stronger, more self-reliant mission stations. Travellers will be and finer women. Your characters have been moulded and deepened, your relieved of all the business details of sympathies widened. You have been prepared for what lies before you, the trip. The Travel Department will and we rejoice with and for you and offer you our loving congratulations take care of all transportation and and we trust that you may go on developing and that your future holds hotel reservations, arrange for the much of usefulness and joy….. handling of baggage, and make the "Have gentleness, forbearance and courtesy when dealing with the sick. best plans for their parties to see as ]fay the blessings of quietness, of assurance and of a wisdom which is many places of interest as possible inpure, peaceable, gentle, full of mercy and good fru~ts be yours always. cluding mission stations. '

" And last and greatest of all, may There are many tourists who will you follow always and closely in the want to avail themselves of such confootsteps of the Great Physician, genial fellowship in travel and such Christ who went about doing good, experienced guidance for their tours. healing the sick, outpouring His wealth of love upon a sinning, sor- There should be many churches that rowing world, encouraging, uplifting will select people of present or potenand carrying joy wherever He went." tial leadership and send them on one STUDYING MISSIONS FIRST HAND of these tours. In some cases indi- viduals will be able to bear a part or By MRs. E. C. CRONK all of their expenses. In other cases, various organizations will find they The Travel Department of the Mis- can make a good investment by paysionary Education Movement is of- ing part of the expense. fering a best method of missionary education that should be a part d the This comparatively new method of program of all the churches. 'l'om,; mission study should meet with of mission fields are being arram~ed prompt endorsement and coope'ration. under experienced leadership. The first party will sail from San Severall tours have been conducted Francisco on October 4th, with the in past years. Now the Travel De- following schedule: partment has been made a regular department of the Movement, with Dr. Oct. 4-San Fran- Nov. 23-Doo. 2-P<>klng John Cobb Worley, secretary in cisco Dee. 3-Cbl>fu charge. Dr. Worley is an experienced missionary and traveler and has con- lO-Honolulu 4–Nanklng ducted a number of successful tours. le-Yokobama 7-IO-Sbangbal 20-21-Nikko Many Church members visit the 22-Lake Cbu- 13-Hongk()ng Orient every year. Comparatively 14-17-Canwn few ()f them see anything of missions zenji I8-IS-Macao and missionary work. The usual 23-24–Nikko 20-21-Hongk()ng travel tours do not 'make it easy to 25-2B—Tokyo 24-27-Manlla visit mission stations. 29-Kamakura 30-H()ngk()ng 30-Miyanoshita 31-Sall for 31-Lake Hakone America Nov.2-8-Kyoto Jan. 3-Shanghai 9-Nara 5-InIand Sea. lO-Osaka I1-Miyajima 6-Kobe 12–.Sbimonoseki 7-S-Y()kobama 14-lS-Se()ul 19-21-Pyengyang 16-H()nolulu 22-San Francisco 22-Mukden The second party sails from San Francisco on October 10th, with stops as follows: Om. lO-San Fran- Nov.lS-19-Pyongyang 20-Mukden cisco. 16-H()noluIU 21-27-Peking 27-Yokoha.ma 28-30-Nanking 2S-29-Tokyo Dea. l-S-8banghal SO-31-Nlkko Nov. l-::-Karilakura It~~~fJ~ong 2-3-Miyanoshita. 4-9-Kyoto 18-19-Hongkong 10-Nara 22-Shangbai ll-Osaka 25-K()be l2-Mlyajlma 27-Yokohama l3-Shlmonosekl Jan. .4–Honolulu 15-l7-Seoul 10-San Fran~ cisco EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QeINLAN, 156 F1FTH AVENUE, NEW YORK C1TY MORMONISM warranted. The pamphlet has been From the report of the Committee of the Home known to shake the confidence of in- Missjons Council and Council of ,,-romen for telligent Mormons in the validity of Home Missions for 1922, lj'rank L. Moore, all of the prophesying of their proph- Chainnan. ets. This pamphlet has been re- printed by the Protestant Episcopal Mormonism has been actiye through- Board, and is available at 10 cents a out the country this past year, as in copy from the Department of Misprevious years, with its missionaries sions, 281 Fourth Avenue, New York going two and two into many com- City. munities and to almost every house. Inquiries for literature show that this Another piece of literature of the propagating activity is pushed in irenic character is the book entitled, Maine, Florida, Alabama, England, "The Foundations of Mormonism," and even in India. So far as we can by Rev. William E. La Rue. The gather information, however, the author carefully reviews both the number of converts is not commen- doctrines and the so-called prophetic surate with the efforts made. Prac- utterances upon which Mormonism ticallv all literature about Mormons rests, in a fair and impartial way. falls -into two classes: This is published by Fleming H. Re- yell Company, 158 Fifth Avenue, N. The first class, which is thc most common and most easily prepared, is Y. City, at $1.50 a volume.

of the alarmist type. It is adapted to . third is the pamphlet entitled, people who are not Mormons, and who "Ten Reasons 'Vhv Christians Can- need t'O know what Mormonism is. 1I0t F'ellowship the'Mormon Church. This literature does not convert Mor- and Answers GiYen by Brigham mons, nor does it persuade those who H. Roberts, with a Rejoinder. "

have come under the influence of Mor- The Rejoinder is the product 'Of a mon propaganda. It frequently an- dozen or fifteen men of different de- gel'S Mormons, and makes them more nominations wh'O have lived long in set in their views. It serves the use- THah, and know Mormonism in a very ful purpose. however, of arousing tile intimate way. This pamphlet has at- Church to the menace of Mormonism, tracted considerable attention from and of enlisting allies in resisting its Morm'Ons. Protestant Christians who approaches and its dangers. are surrounded by Mormons are pro- The second class of literature is curing copies for circulation in their irenic and persuasive in character. It communities. It is on the whole the undertakes to reason with Mormons best document of the rational and per- and those who are under the influence suasive kind which has bee'll pub- of Mormonism. There are but few lished. It may be obtained from the pieces of approved literature in this Council of Women for Home Mis- group. A little pamphlet which was sions, 156 Fifth Ave., N. Y. City, at first published in 1912 by the Right 10 cents a copy, $4.50 per hundred.

Rev. F. S. Spalding, late Bishop 'Of Preliminary steps have been taken Utah, entitled, "Joseph Smith, Jr., as for the preparation of another docu- a Translator," shows very plainly ment, smaller than the Ten Reasons, that the claims of Joseph Smith to more popular in character, but in a have translated correctly the Egyp- similar way setting forth the serious tian hieroglyphics, which he found objecti'Ons to Mormonism. This is in- upon two mummies, are altogether un- tended to be put into the hands of less 650 edueatE'CI people who are assailed by These indications of favorable inthe propaganda of Mormonism. terest and cooperation give promise of a united Christian program of educa- There haye lieell several conferences tion for the youth of Utah. There has participated in by representatives of been held a profitable conference of Mission Boards and Church Boards of the principals and other representa· Education. to consider cooperation of tiveH of the secondary schools in Utah, Christian churches in education in nnder Protestant Christian auspices, T7tah. The problem of education has for the realization of common responbeen looked upon both from the tech- sibilities and the formation of a ('omllically educational point of view, and mOll cooperative program. from tlw missionary point of view. It was easil~- apparent that in a state, The Utah Home Missions Council whose population is only about foul' maintains regular meetings, gives felpel' cent in sympathy with Protestant lowship and the sense of solid<lrity to Christian institutions, single churches the Protestant Christian forces of the or denominations could not expect to State, and continues the policies of coinaugurate and successfully carry out operation, which have been in successspparate educational programs, but ful operation since 1914, when the that cooperation must be the policy Council was formed. pursued. A study has been made of the t'ducational situation in Utah. August 28 to 31, 1922, the Utah This study gives full credit to the ad- Home Missions Council held the mirable public school system of the eighth annual session of "The Interstate, culminating in the University Mountain Christian Workers' Instiof l Ttah; and shows also the import- tute" in the Emery Memorial House, ance of maintaining an institution un- Salt Lake City. These sessions are dpr Christian auspices, which repre- attended by from fifty to seventy-five sents the cOllvictions of the Protestant Christian workers, who, through lec- Christians of the country. The study tures and discussions, consider the makes plain that the wise policy for current problems which arise in their all denominations in the state to pur- churches and in the state. sue, is to cooperate with the authorities of Westminster College in making In September, 1920, a representathi" an institution which can serve tive and well-attended conference of the interests common to all. the Christian workers in Utah was held in Salt Lake City. The need of I<'ortunately, Westminster College improved work was then pointed out ,las, from the beginning, been unsec- in five directions: (1) better equip- [arian in character, and wholesomely ment in material and personnel of the evangelical. At the time the investi- churches in Utah; (2) the preparagation was made, of the eighteen trus- ti on of literature particularly fitted to tees of the CollegE", seven were Pres- persuade the Mormon mind; (3) a byterians, while the other eleven were better and more effective system of distributed between the Congrega- colportage for the small communities tionalists, Methodists, Baptists, Epis- of the state; (4) the delivery of copalians, and Disciples of Christ. courses of lectures, particularly upon The church affiliation of the facult~­ the person of God, which would comand students is inclusive also of these mand attention; and (5) a plan of and other Churches. Overtures look- cooperation in education. ing toward cooperation of the differ- ('nt denominations in Westminster It is gratifying to note that already College, by the appointment and sup- substantial gains have been made in port of members of the faculty, or by each one of these directions. A means contributions to its resources, have of great usefulness would be found if been received favorably by most of some Board or Boards, or some pcrthe denon:inations concerned. sons of wealth, would furnish the funds necessary for a chapel car to be used interdenominationally, in

UIdtaahh~, and in the parts of Wyoming, the work of the winter is undone dur- Nevada, and Colorado into ing the summer months.

which Mormons have spread, and As a whole, missionary investments in Alaska have not accomplished what where Mormon doctrines are effective- they might and could accomplish if sectarian propaganda could be subly proclaimed. An automobile, suit- merged in a cooperative process of Kingdom building. The effective minably constructed could also be the isters in Alaska are earnest men who would Eke to do community service means of carrying the common Chris- in a large and undenominational way. The people would rally to a guarantian message into the smaller commu- teed single-church-for-each town pronities and~ hamlets away from the gram. This is as fine a field for home mission demonstration of unity as railroad. For the largest success such China is for the foreign workers. If a practical federation of churches in undertakings as these should be car- Alaska were worked out in the prin- ciple of one church with a resident ried on in cooperation. pastor for each place, and only one until that church was self-supporting, ALASKA a new spirit would be put into the ministers. From the report of the. CommitOOa on Alaska of the Home Missions Council and Council of Denominations doing work among Women for Home. MisSions ior 1922, Paul de the native tribes of Alaska should pay Schweinitz, Chairman. more attention to the establishment of schools for the training of a native The Government has taken action ministry. There should be more with a view to protecting the salmon emphasis placed upon the medical fisheries interests so that the food sup- work of our different denominations, plies of the Alaska Indians will .not especially among the natives, Trained be so seriously menaced and curtaIled missionary physicians and nurses as in the past. On September 12, should be sought for, and the natives 1922, the Alaska Agricultural Col- taught cleanliness, sanitation, and the lege and School of Mines was formally care of the sick. Hospitals should be dedicated. This is the first college to established for the combating of tuberbe established in the last frontier of culosis and other diseases. the United States; it is the last of the land grant colleges of the nation, and TODAY it is the farthest north institution of higher learning on the Western hemi- With every rising of the sun sphere. This institution is locat~d Thiuk of your life as just begun. three miles from the town of FaIr- The past has shriveled and buried deep banks. It is equipped with ample All yesterdays. There let them sleep; lands and an able faculty, and prom- N or seek to summon back one ghost ises much for the future to the home- Of that innumerable host. steaders and their children and to Concern yourself with but today, those who develop the mineral re- Woo it and tearh it to obey sources of the territory. Your will and wish. Since time began, Today has beeu the friend of man; Ten d iff ere n t denominations, But in his blindness and in his sorrow through their various. agencies, are He looks to yesterday and tomorrow. carrying on work in ~la:ska.. There You and today! A soul sublime, are 113 mission statIOns WIth 170 And the great pregnant hour of time, missionaries, conducted at an annual With God Himself to bind the twain; expense of about $2~0,OOO, not in- Go forth, I say; attain! attain! cluding money contI'1b11:t~ by the people in Alaska. Certam m~epend­ -Sel. entbodies the Greek CatholIcs and Roman C;tholics, also maintain mis- sions. There are fifty or sixty salmon can- neries and fishing camps in southeastern Alaska where natives spend the summer. They are exposed to many tempta,t~ons in, these camps, and often

FROM ,.MANY

!~ EUROPE had in connection with the whole con- DR. Sunday.schools in Europe troversy, and they take this oppor- W. G. LANDES, General Sec- tunity of making it known that they retary of the World's Sunday for their part are determined to close School Association, after his recent it, so that their energies may no longer trip, reports that the Sunday-school be diverted from the enthusiastic movement is growing among the prosecution of their proper work of Protestant churches of Europe. In proclaiming the eternal Gospel. They qzeeho-Slovakia, where the new na- have no hope that further discussion tIonal Church should develop Sunday- in committees will throw more light schools in due time, he found one on such theological problems as have villageschool of seventy-five pupils with been distracting them during the last only five Bibles for the entire school. few months. They believe that those In Czecho-Slovakia, as in Hungary, who have doubted God's acceptance the great need is for workers, litera- of the work of the Society and the ture, and especially Bibles. In Aus- reality of His blessing upon it will be tria, a good Sunday-school committee convinced, not by further argument, is planning to open a number of mis- but by the manifestation of the fruit sion schools in Vienna. In Budapest, of the Spirit, and by the demonstrathe magistrates grant the use of class- tion of His operation through signs rooms in public schools free of cost for following. This being so, the Com- Sunday-school purposes. The class- mittee of the C.M.S. are determined rooms are filled with children at every henceforth to concentrate all their session. In Spain the Protestants thought and prayer and energy upon have just organized a national Sun- the work of world evangelization, and day-school Union, bringing together at the same time they call all the mem- Neventy schools, with over 4,800 bers of their great constituency pupils. Portugal, too, has recently throughout the world to a new dedicaorganized a national Sunday-school tion of their lives to the same object. committee, which has applied for They believe that in the further and recognition as a section of the World's more intense prosecution of this work Sunday School Association. A goodly God will clear away any misunderde-legation from the Continent may be standings and misconceptions that reexpected at the next WorId 's Sunday main, and that He will show more and School Convention, to be held in Glas- more light upon all their problems at gow in June, 1924. home and abroad in response to a more unreserved trust in Him and His The C.M.S. Faces Forward revealed truth, a more' Wholehearted resting upon Him, and a more fear- READERS of the REVIEW are fa- less utilization of His power in the miliar with the recent experiences work He has entrusted to them." through which the Church Missionary Society has been passing, and will be interested in the following statement Not DevU. but Angels from the Church Missionary Review: omrT ROSEBEKE is one of the "The C.M.S. Committee humbly centers of La Mission BeIge seek the divine forgiveness for any Evangelique, and the worker in share of responsibility they may have charge there recently wrote: " We 653

now have 27 truly cOllYerted peo- they ~TO' into 1lI1lnhnod rmd woman· ple in our brandl of the work, all of these having been brought to a 1]0(J(1. .. knowledge of the Lord sinee we came here. . . . . .. At Hulst·;], a nf'ighbor- Preaching in Bulgaria ing village, the people were told that in our meetings real devils were to be ALETTER quoted in The Ft'iend at' seen. One Snnday a woman from that Russia indicatE'S present coml{· village came ont of pure curiosity, <is tiOIls in Bul?arill. she very much wanted to ser a devil. But what was her surprise when she "I han' left RUlliallia for Bulgaria. heard us talk about .Ie-ms Christ the "t thp frontiPI' all m~' things and all Saviour of the world, who died a'so m~' clothes hllYe been taken awa~' by to savr her. Upon her return home. the Rumanians. In spite of this, my the neighbors gatherpd around her soul is full of .io~' because there iR full and naturallv wantrd to know ',yhat !ibel'ty for preaehing in Bulgaria. she had see~ at our meeting~. Rut. Even in the streets we ma~' preach she told them that instead of devils frpel~-. Among the population there she had seen angpls! She told them is a desire for God's Word, and 1 she iutended in future to come everT hayE' many an opportunity for ex· Sunday to our meeting. Shortl)· plaining the Hol~' Bible. Several RoulR afterwards shp ,,'as convrrtecl. She are alread~· awakened; conference~ had a very bad husband who mllde life have been organized. I intenr! to visit more miserable then ever after her with Brother Balan some other towns conversion. She immrdiateh started whpre there are man.,' Russians who, praying for the conversio~ of her till now, lwyp not hpard Gor!'s Worr!. husband and at last he could not re- while Brother rl-nsatschenko remains frain any longer from accompanying' still in Ros~ to continue- the work he her to the meetings. and on the 18th has begun. We have another misof last month lw too gllvP hi~ lwart ~ion3r" herr I'ho ('xclufivelv works to the Saviour." alliong th!' Bnlg-arian~. There is a chureh in the place which can com· French "Junior Republic" prise GOO persons. but till now nobor!~· went there. Tn Bulgaria the seed is ~~A NEnglish boy, with the su~· rip" for tIle harvest, but thpre ar!' gestive name of Dash," says YfT~' few workerl'l."

the Outlook, "has just been eleMer! Baptists in Esthonia president of the first .Junior Republic is France. In that Republic the-re arp E STHONT A, yhich has received not only French and English boys and recognition br the l'niterl States girls, but also some other nationalities as a sovereign natioIl. is one of the -in all thirty-two to fortv. The con- Baltic provinces of the old Russian stitution for'their Republic is based Empire. The people are ninety per on the French Constitution. The Re- cent Esths, a Finnish people, speakpublic has been founded at Chavag- ing a language of their own. German naco in the department of the Haute· and Russian are also generally spoken J~oire. Chavagnac was Lafayette-'s in Esthonia, which has a population birthplace, and hence is a peculiarly of 1,700,000. Most of the Esths are appropriate region in which to start Protestants, and for centuries they the American endeavor. More per- have been powerfully influenced by haps than anyone of his day, l,afay- Germany and Russia. Through the ette would have sympathized with the ministry of Swedish brethren a r€'- ideal of a Junior RepUblic-to place vival took place there forty-two years the duties, privileges, and responsi- ago, but evangelicals were persecuted bilities of citizenship on boys and girls bv the Greek Orthodox and the Luthfor a period of, sar. five ~'ears before e~an Churches, and by the Russian Government. Dr. Charles E. Brooks visitf'd Esthonia three years ago, and

923J NEWS FROM MANY

as a result a Baptist seminar,v has of 'Yonng' Pioneer.' , '-Chri.~tian Adbeen openE'd, with the united help of t'ocaf e. American, Canadian and British Baptists, under the preHideney of Adam AFRICA Podin. ;Vfr. Poriin "TiteR of the mllny The Coming of the Bible (,vidences of a spiritual revival whie!l seems to be general in E-~thollia, ami I N countries where the Bible in the of successful ll1l'etings which he has language of the people is taken for held in priSOIlR and other unlikelJ' granted, Christians would perhaps applaces. There arc ~mne 5,000 baptized preciate their privileges more if they church ml'mbers now in Baptist read the following letter, received by Churches alone. the ~ational Bible Society of Scot- land from a missionary in Rhodesia: Boy Scouts in Russia "1 enclose herewith £4 towards the funds of your worthy Society. Many thanks for AMONG Russian bO,v>I, like those in thE adVlllH'c copy of the Nyanja Bible. 1:1- other c(mntriP'l, Scouting ideals What joy amongst our Nyasaland Christians have become popular, but the Soviet its appearance in this town brought I I anthoritieR canllot tolerate those fea· kept the arrival quiet till Christmas morning, when a service was held. The table was tures of its rules and practice which coyered with a beautiful cloth, and on this come ill conflict with their economic, the predons Bible was laid and was covered social and anti-religious ideal';. On the by another doth. No one but myself knew of'ca~ion of the founding of the so- what wus nnderneath. When the upper raIled "Children's Movement" Mos- doth was removed the eager eyes of the people saw the Bible. A portion of Isaiah eow scoutmasterR made the following "'as road from it as the Christmus Scripture Lessoll. rrhe ~eryiee over, the Book was instatement: "The basis of the organ- "]leoted, and on the table thank offerings izing of the' Children's Group' must wero laid. 'fhnt is where I got the £4 from. be the system of 'Scouting' provided Plea"" u('oept this small offering from a it is purifit'd from its' bourgeois' ailll~ most grateful missionary and members of and filled with new social-work idea~.

In adapting this s,vstem to the or· the mission eongrega.tion. These members ganization of the Children. Movement. are all from the societies working in Nya.a· one must leal'll to throw out of it not only its typical bourgeois ideas, such land. Vife are now looking forward to the arrh-al of the fom boxes with the Bibles."

a~, militarism, religion, middle-class morality, but alRo its superficial anti- Social Life in Nigeria political ideas, such as theories that '~I N '1'HE Ondo District of Nigeria, "

one can do away with poverty by writes a missionary of the Church thriftiness or with unemployment by .Missionary Society, "there is a firmly hard work, and also its purely outer rooted system according to which characteristics entirely connected with every adult male belongs of necessity the capitalistic past; without, how- to a group, or company, called otu.

ever, abolishing ;;ymbolism and the 'l'heAe otttS are governed by rules, following of ideals, which appeal to many of which date from the distant the child. Our aim is to develop the past; and they are a powerful and ef- social work and activities in children fective organizatiOn. 'When a man be- and not to bring them up in anti- ~omes a Christian he leaves his otu, political ideas. Of course, the old idea because membership would involve of 'Scouting' with its 'bourgeois' him in heathen practices, and joins a tendencies as already explained above, Christian egbe, or company. Practi- is entirely opposed to the new 'Chil- cally all the Christians belong to an dren's Movement,' so naturally our egbe now, and they are so numerous present aim is to fight for a 'Freed and influential that their egbes are ac- Scouting.' As the old name of corded the same recognition in the so- 'Scout' is a symbol of the old ideas, cal life of the district as the old-es- it can be replaced b~' the new name tablished hpathen ohts."

"Kikuvi Is Praying" among the more stalwart and intelli- K IKUVI is an African chier, one gent-certainly not the lowest. And the carrying on of an established' folk- . of the first converts or the way' cannot be treated exactly as if African Inland Mission, who in it were criminal, whatever might be the last few years has "turned our right to regard it as abhorrent." away from the things of God." He had many wives, and when he found he could not put them away without A Large Unworked Field HE ~~merican Presbyterian mis· T driving them into grievous sin and sionaries in West Africa, reporting dishonor and make it hard for them to be Christians, he said, "I cannot on the smallness of their force to meet put them away without sinning the opportunities confronting them, against God; I cannot keep them write: "The work which centers at without being a lame Christian." So Oyem in French Gabun was barelv through recent years he has devoted mentioned in the annual reports for himself to gaining wealth and in· the reason that four months ago it had fluence in his tribe. scarcely become a work. At that time Rev. Charles E. Hurlburt writes: we had sent but three native evan- "During the last year, as a result of gelists or Bible readers into that the work of native evangelists and region. Now we have fourteen men teachers in or near his· village, several there occupying points on the main of his wives, 80me of whom were roads of a section one hundred miles deeply interested years ago, have at· long and seventy-five miles wide, and tended the services, professed their with no boundaries on the east and faith in Christ, and brought their south. The native in charge of the charms to be destroved. Then the work gives the following estimate of mesage came to us, 'Kikuvi is pray· its scope. He says, 'The people of the ing !' And then a further message, towns are demanding Bible readers.

'My wives have turned to God and I The country is immense. Even though will not be left behind. ' And the last you should send one hundred Bible word is that Kikuvi says, 'Now the readers, they would not be sufficient.

whole Akamba tribe will soon turn to When I look at this country it seems God.' " that here you have the territories of Elat, :F'oulassi, Metet and Efulan sta- Cannibalism in the Kamerun tions all combined.' Oyem is- our re- sponsibility. It has been waiting for COMMENTING on the press report us for ten years. It is a fallow field. that the French, having taken Neither Roman Catholic nor Protesover the Kamerun, before the World tant is there. The French Mission War a German possession, find them- to the south find it too far from their selves obliged to do something about field. It is at our very door." the cannibalism which is wide-spread among the native tribes, the New York Times says: "As almost always, the Christians in Nigeria N man·eating there is done, not because INETBEN years ago a young Irish doctor who went to Southern other food is lacking, but as the result of local religions or superstitions, Nigeria to take up government serv- and this makes the practice the harder ice, while traveling in the Owerri dis- to extirpate. It cannot be stopped trict, was set upon by the natives, without making what will be regarded stripped of his clothing. and made to as martyrs, and of course argument march, naked as he was, in the hot will not convince a savage that by eat- tropical SUll to a large market-place ing his enemy he cannot acquire such some miles away. Here he was put to desirable qualities as that enemy pos~ death. Early in the present year sessed. It was long ago noted, too, Bishop Lasbrey visited the stations of that the cannibal tribes in Africa were the Church Missionary Society in this

NEWS FROM MAl-."'Y LANDS

neighborhood and found eloquent working among Jews suffer from lack proof of the change which a few short of funds, and there is also a deficiency years of gospel influence had brought of Hebrew Christians. for mission pur- about. The Bishop visited a place poses. British candidates for spreadwhich is less than a mile from the- ing the truth among the Jews are market where the doctor met his forthcoming in sufficient numbers, but tragic fate. No threatening mob of with a people of the strong racial tpye infuriated enemies escorted the white of the Jews the more Hebrew Chrisman on this occasion, but a band of tian missionaries the better for the earnest Christians, rejoicing that they growth of the work. were workers together with him for the Kingdom of God. There are now Difficulties in Palestine I more than 13,000 adherents of the N "A Galilee Doctor," the life of Dr. D. W. Torrance, missionary in Church in this district.

MOSLEM LANDS Tiberias since 1884, W. P. Living- stone describes the difficulties of work More MosleJll Women Drop Veil in Palestine during the last genera- ACCORDING to a newspaper mes- tion. "The soil," says Torrance, "is sage from Cairo, the movement hard and stony and thorny, almost among Moslem women in Egypt to beyond imagination. We have to over- discard the veil enjoined by the come the legal and ceremonial mind Koran, is spreading to Syrian and of the Jews, the proud satisfaction of Palestine communities. There are the Moslem, and the sickening super- rumors that it has even penetrated to stition of the Oriental Christian."

Mecca, the stronghold of Islam, with Nothing could be more unpromising the result that the semi-official organ than the Jew of the older settlement of King Hussein '8 Government there in Palestine-pallid, neurotic, ineffi-~ strongly denounces the tendency cient, with his carefully trimmed curl> which it declares is a violation of his fur cap brought over from Poland Koranic injunction. This interpreta- and retained in the blaze of sunshine.

tion is now denied in Egypt. Women and his ill-suited dark robe. His very there are anxious to follow the prece- aspect sp€aks of a mind fixed and fos- dent in Turkey, where most Moham- silized, with little power of adapting medan women of the higher classes itself to changing circumstances. And go unveiled. then, in an overwhelming proportion of five to one, there is the dominant New Conrt. in Palestine Mohammedanism, which again is a re- THE British Government has con- ligion at its worst, for, so far as the firmed the Balfour policy in Pal- peasants are concerned, it is an abestine. It has, however, been made original paganism thinly masked by dear that a Jewish state is not con- Moslem forms.

tl'mplated, and that the status of all citizens will be equal before the law. Foreign Advisers for Turkey A Courts dealing with Jews, Moslems CCORDING to an Associated Press report early in June, the and Christians are being established, and we shall see in the Holy Land British, French and Italian Govern- diversity of administrations of justice, ments having approved the formula which probably is the only means by for judicial guarantees relating to which good will can be permanently foreign residents in Turkey, the Laus- won. In considering Jewish missions anne Conference accepted it formally.

in Palestine it must be remembered Turkey will make a public declara- that there are only 80,000 Jews out of tion agreeing to appoint four foreign 700,000 inhabitants of that land, and advisers without interfering with the that today the Christian population functions of the magistrates. The outnumbers the Jewish. The societies adviserf! will be authorized to follow~ 5

all cases and make recommendations (7) The last of the seven services is this, to the Turkish Ministry of Justice; that· in several places, missionaries created they will receive complaints and must 'crnacular journalism. be informed promptly of all arrests and domiciliary searches. In defer- Exorcising Evil Spirits e-nce to Turkish susceptibilities the THE police in Amritsar, North Allies have agreed that there shall be India, have brought to light an exno special mention of foreigners in the traordinary case of torture in which a declaration, which applies to all resi- faqir is alleged to have caused the dents in Turkey. The Allies originally tleath of a man who has been lying on demanded that the advisers have the a sickbed for several months. It is power of veto in connection with the alleged that the man with his brother arrest of foreigners; but Ismet Pasha were seriously ill, their friends and relatives thought that spirits had eninsisted that the declaration as a spon- tered them and were causing the> distaneous act of the Turkish Govern- ease. It was decided to summon a ment showed how far Turkey was faqir who triecl his skill in removing prepared to go to insure justice; she the evil spirits by beating one of the was doing it for her own sake, as well sick brothers with hot irons and by as for foreigners, and was not accord- forcing smoke into his nostrils. The ing to foreigners any special rights. man wailed in agony but the faqir described his cries as those of the INDIA spirit within. After nearly an hour or more of this torture the patient Missionary Service in India succumbed to bis injuries. The faqir is at large and the police are after DR. J.N. FARQUHAR'S summary him. Medical examination reveals of the seven outstanding services that the man received as many as rendered by Ohristian missionaries to eighty serious injuries, and as a re- Indian vernaculars has been widely sult of the smoke passing through his quoted, as follows: nostrils his brain was affected. The practice of exorcising spirits and jinns (1) The Bible already exists in every by such methods is not uncommon.

Indian vernacnlar of any real importance. BThe "New WODlan" in Bengal ENGAT,I Ohristian women of edu- Of the value of this vast piece of work for cation and ability fill responsible posts all over the Presidency, as Asthe Kingdom of Christ and for the uplift of sistant School Inspectresses. This in- volves traveling alone, with only a India, I will not speak. I simply wish to servant or two; nights and days at dak bungalows, and the meeting of <lall your attention to this fact, that, in much that Indian women as a rule shrink from. It speaks well for this (lrder to be able to put the Bible into the "new woman" that thus far she has been found fully worthy of her trust. vernaculars, missionaries have, in many cases, "The new forward look 0:1' our womreduced the language to writing for the en in general," writes Miss Katherine Blair in the India% Witness, "is evifirst time. dent in the attitude of the girls in our boarding schools. No longer are they (2) Not only in these backward lall- so pliant in the hands of parents or guardians; yielding meekly, when guages, but in many of the great vernaculars commanded to give up their aspira- tions for an education, because they also, the missionaries wrote the first gram- mars and compiled the earliest dictionaries.

(3) In most parts of India modern vernacular education was created by mis- sionaries. .

(4) Modern vernacular e<lucationallitel'ature was created by missionaries. Other men took up tbe task at later dates.; but throughont the country the work of writing textbooks was started, at almost every point, by missionaries.

(5) Through their vernacular educational books missionaries formed, in almost every language area, modern vernacular prose, the language which is now the vehicle of or· dinary writing in every vernacular.

(6) In many cases, missionaries were the first to produce printed books in the vernaculars. Here also they were soon followed by men of otber faiths; but in the beginning' they were usually alone.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

have reached the marriageable age. held its first Annual Conference in Now, new avenues of work are opening Tsinan last JUly. The Conference apup to them, and often they prefer to pointed some thirty commissions to enter them, rather than to go to homes study various educatio.nal problems. of their own. The attitude of men One of the Commissions was on elewho seek wives is also greatly altered : mentary education, and that Commisthey now want educated women who sion has sent in a resolution which will be companions to them; and a was passed by the Conference to infew more years at school do not inter- form and urge all the people who are fere materially with the prospects of engaged in elementary education not young women who may wish to to teach any religion in any form or marry." content in any elementary school, and especially not to teach the children Sundar Singh in Tibet such a belief that there is a Supreme Being in the universe, a thing which ON May 18th Sadhu Sundar Singh has not been proved and cannot be was to start out on an evangelistic proved. The resolution is being pubtour in Tibet. His plans WeTe thus lished by the Association and sent out described in the Dnyanodaya: "After broadcast. It has tremendous inspeaking at meetings in Sonawar, fluence over the educational workers Simla and Kotgarh he will spend a of the country, because the organizashort time in preparation and recon- tion as a whole is under the direction secration for the time that lies ahead; of able men, men who really know: then with Bible and blanket he will modern thought and education. I turn his back on civilization and quote this as an instance to show that friends, and with his Lord will pass the anti-religious movement, especially from our sight. " A few weeks before, in its attitude towards Christianity, his father, Sirdar Sher Singh, died at is persistent and violent, and very his home in Rampur in the Punjab. active and aggressive. To think that "In writing of this event the Sadhu it has spent its force is a mistake." records that his father 'passed away as a Christian' – a source of deep Getting Used to Bandits comfort to him which enables him to say: 'I am not sorry, because I shall DR. J. A. FI'l'CH, of Weihsien, see him in glory, and my separation is China, responding to inquiries only bodily and for a short time.' from the Presbyterian Foreign Board This blow, falling as it does just on in New York as to how much the the eve of his departure for Tibet, banditry in Shantung was affecting one would naturally suppose would the work of the mission, wrote: "I depress him, but the Sadhu's faith suppose we get so inured to a situaburns brightest in darkest hours." tion that seems to be always with us that we may fail to write about it. IE CHINA we refrained from going into bandit- infested areas, we would simply cease Anti-Christian Propaganda from doing mission ~ork." Most of the missionaries, the Continent thinks, I N reply to an inquiry from the feel that the Chinese are friendly to- British and Foreign Bible Society ward them, even though in some outin China, Dr. 'l'imothy Lew, a leading lying districts missionaries have been Chinese Christian, states that the anti- attacked and carried away captive for Christian movement in China is pub- awhile. But the native members of lishing considerable literature and is the Christian churches have suffered finding its way to "the seriously- from the brigands' demands. In one minded people." He continues: village seven men of the leading Chris- "The Association for the Advance- tian families of the place-all wealthy ment of Education, which is the most – were carried off one Sunday in progressive and the most influential organization in the country today,

broad daylight and held for $35,000 we become more and more aware of ransom. the crying need for the Gospel in the 'regions beyond,' of the opportunity Increase in Secret Societies to strengthen the purpose of evangeli- zation; and the necessity to plan to- A MERICAN missionaries in various gether as a whole in furthering the parts of China report that the occupation of Mongolia, Sinkiang, growth of secret societies arising out of Kokonor and Tibet. Looking within, chaotic conditions existing during the it has been realized that the Home past two years has been phenomenal. Missionary Movement is God's grace These secret societies resemble the bestowed upon the Church. It has. Boxers of 1900. The movement which been shown the evangelization of began in Shantung has now spread China, and the growing consciousness. across Honan and into Shensi. Other that God's power can manifest itself provinces, notably Chihli, Northern through the Chinese Church is coming Kiangsu and Anhwei are affected to a to be the great vision of many Chinese lesser degree. Christians. "

The most common of these secret so- China Inland Mission Growth cieties is known as the Hung Chang Hui, literally the "Red Lance Soci- I T was just seventy years agor ety, " but variously translated as "Big China's Millions reminds us, that Sword," and also colloquially known Hudson Taylor first sailed for China as "Ying-To,",literally "hard-belly," as a young man of twenty-one. Unand sometimes as 'Hard-Fisters." recognized by the Churches and un- Hence the more common name of supported by any well-known organ- Boxers. ization, he went forth to what was then a closed land. The ceremonies of initiation are coupled with sorcery and incantations. Just twenty years have passed since The novitiates are told that they bear he resigned as General Director of a charmed life and that bullets will the China Inland Mission. "When not harm them. They are assured that Mr. Taylor retired there were 763 through the incantations they are missionaries connected with the Mismade strong in the chest and abdomen sion, where-as today that number has and impervious to lead or steel. increased to 1,086. Twenty years ago the total income of the Mission re- Every village westward of Hsuchow ceived from the commencement had in Honan seems to have a society, just exceeded £1,000,000; whereas, some of them meeting in sight of the during the last twenty years alone no· mission stations. The members of the less a sum than £2,000,000 has bee'll society are impressed through the received in answer to prayer, making agency of the village headman. They the total of more than £3,000,000 from are given bits of paper upon which a the commencement of the work. Or magic prayer has been inscribed and again, when Mr. Taylor was cominstructed that when they go into pelled to lay down his burden, the battle they are to swallow a bit of this total number of converts baptized by paper on which the sorcerer has writ- the Mission was 15,000, whereas today ten. This they are told hardens the that total has increased to more than abdomen and makes it impervious to 93,000, for which figures and facts. rifle-shot or knife-thrust. we give God praise.

-The Weekly Review. JAPAN-CHOSEN Chinese Home Missions New Bishops of Tokyo and Osaka A CIRCULAR letter, sent out by the THE creation of two dioceses in Chinese Home Missionary So- Japan, which are to be entirely ciety in an effort to increase its pres- under the control of the Japanese ent membership of 10,000 to 30,000, Church and administered by Japanis quoted in the Christian InteUigencer and Mission Field: "Looking outside,

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS (;61

ese bishops, was reported in the July to us who cannot read or write, and REVIEW as a striking step toward the Church takes them in hand and autonomy on the part of the Nippon teaches them the simple principles. Sei Kokwai, which was organized in Last November there were thirty- 1889 by the representatives of the three who passed the usual test, and Episcopal Church in the United received as their reward a New Tes- States, acting on behalf of the Domes- tament and a hymn-book. The readtic and Foreign Missionary Society, ing was taken from any portion of the and the representatives of the Church Bible that I happened to select and of England, acting on behalf of the they had to read that portion prac- Church Missionary Society and the tically perfectly before I passed them. Society for the Propagation of the It was an interesting sight to see them, Gospel. ranging from about nine to sixty years of age, all anxious about the result. Word has- now come of the election Most of them had spent months of of the Rev. J. S. Motoda, Ph.D., D.D., hard labor on preparation, and now as the first Bishop of Tokyo. A stn- the hour had come. Some trembled, dent of St. Paul's School in his earlier others looked distressed, and all years, he embraced the Christian showed how important they considfaith, then he came to the U. S. A. ered the occasion. There were over for his academic training at Kenyon forty who attempted the test and College and at the University of Penn- thirty-three came out victorious. Tosylvania, from which he received the day, they are the proud owners of Ph.D. degree. Dr. Motoda is now New Testaments and red-backed Japanese president of St. Paul's Uni- hymn-books, which they take to versity, which is the fine flower of the church and use to the best of their little St. Paul's School in which he ability. " was once a student. Not only is he recognized as a great Christian leader Work for Tokyo Derelicts and as one of the foremost educationalists of the country, but he enjoys to I Na certain slum district of Tokyo, an unusual degree the confidence of where day laborers and men out all the forward-looking Japanese of work congregate, successful relief publicists and statesmen. Dr. Moto- work has been carried on by Rev. da's see city is one of the great capi- Yoshimichi Sugiura, of the American tals of the world. The popUlation of Episcopal Mission. His efforts soon "greater Tokyo" is about 5,000,000. drew the attention and sympathy of It is the gateway to the Orient. It is others. The first one who was aroused the center of Japan's educational and to the need of further help in saving moral development. In each of the these unfortunate men was the head wards or sections of Tokyo there is at of the gamblers in this quarter who is least one congregation of the Anglican feared for his dominating power but Communion. Eight of these are beloved because of his generosity. entirely self-supporting and are 'l'hrough the assistance of this man manned and managed by Japanese. a large shed was erected with accom- modation for at least 200 men. The Rev. Yasutaro Naide, under whose necessary funishings were secured, long and faithful rectorate Christ supplies of rice, charcoal and other Church, Osaka, has built up the necessary articles being secured by largest self-supporting Episcopal con- Mr. K. Hanashima, a rich shipping gregation in .Japan, has been chosen agent, who was also attracted by the Bishop of Osaka. work. The Tokyo government al1d municipal office also joined in assist- Lepers Learn to Read ing the workers making contributions totaling Yen 4,000. A master barber I N the leper colony at Kwangju, voluntarily came to the relief station Korea, writes Rev. J. Kelly Unger, and gave his services to the unfor- "the Church is the center of all the life of the colony. Many lepers come

tunate men in making them present- get the third Gospel, then the fourth. able as far as tonsorial efforts could When I finish the last Gospel, the avail. The wife of a police detective, Ijeague will give me a New Testament Mrs. K. Mizuno, who is a physician, as a prize for my reading through the has offered to visit the creche and ex- four Gospels." One school girl, a amine the children once or twice a Jewess, has signed up forty-six boys month-for the main work of Mr. and girls, another a Roman Catholic, Sugiura is to furnish asylum during has secured 110 children, sixty of the day for the children of working mothers. whom have already read through the four gospels and passed them on to others.

Theological Training in Korea THE theological seminary at Pyeng- Community Church Conference yang, Korea, which is carried on jointly by the Australian, Canadian, THE delegates of the first national and U. S. Northern and Southern conference of community church Presbyterians, has a three years' workers, which met in Chicago, May course of seven months each year. The 22-24, came from twenty-eight states. grade of seminary work is being stead- They numbered about two hundred ily raised. Last year of fifty-eight and included a Hindu, a Chinese, a men who entered for the first time, woman delegate from Porto Rico and thirty-eight were either college 01' two Negroes. California, Montana, academy graduates and the rest had New Jersey and Connecticut were a good Chinese education. Stiff en- represented. The plan of the confer- ence involved not only addresses by trance examinations in six subjects men who are at the everyday tasks of are given. In order to enter the ap- the local churches, but also contribuplicant must have been baptized at tions by Christian leaders of larger least five years, have been a church fame. Several great national organofficer at least three years, must be izations maintained representatives able to compose in either English, throughout the conference. In the Japanese or pure Chinese in addition matter of relationship with the con- to the ordinary Korean, must have stituent denominations, it was shown been a soul winner and worker; must from the reports that the churches be approved by his presbytery, not tend rapidly in the direction of inonly once but at the beginning of each dependency, but the consensus of the year. discussion showed an increased ten- NORTH AMERICA dency to tie up the ministers to the School Bag Gospel League denominational organizations. The missionary and evangelistic reports AN organization among school of the churches in the movement, ac- children, called the School Bag Gospel League, has grown out of the cording to the Christian Century, work of Thomas E. Little, recently a missionary of the National Bible In- gave the lie to the much heralded anstitute among foreigners in the Bronx, New York City. Its members sign nouncement that the motive in the organization of community churches was to escape from these responsi- bilities. .

the following promise: "I promise (Jity-Wide Ca:mpaign in Chicago to carry in my school bag and read through the Gospel according to John. A RECENT evangelistic campaign When finished, I agree to pass on the in Chicago resulted in the addi- Gospel of St. John to some boy or tion of 40,394 new members to the girl, thereby securing a new member; Protestant churches of that city. The I further agree to notify the League, campaign was conducted under the which promises to send me a second auspices of the Chica.go Church Feder- Gospel; when that is finished, I am to ation through its Commission of

1923J NEWS FROi>f MANY LANDS

Evangelism, of which Dr. C. K. Car- A New Baptist Program penter, pastor of Ravenswood Meth- TH~ Northern Baptist Convention, odist Episcopal Church, is chairman. at Its recent annual meeting, em- Six months ago when the campaign phasized the following points in its was inaugurated the goal was set at proposed program: 40,000 new members, which was (1) The place and function of the local slightly exceeded. The Lutheran de- church should be emphasized anew. Pronomination, with 175 churches, had motion of its prosperity should be part of the largest increase-approximately our united endeavor alld its verdict should 10,000. The Methodist Episcopal be sought in determining denominational churches, which number 217, reported objectives. an increase of 9,099; the Presby- (2) A program of cooperation should be continued.

terian churches, 105 in number, re- (3) The cooperative plan should allow a ported an increase of 5,880. Other large measure of freedom to the particidenominations reported substantial increases. Practically 1,000 Prote,- e pating organizations in securing funds. 4) While a comprehensive and far-reach- ing program of undertakings may be formu- tant churches took part in the cam- lated, financial objectives should be paign. Dr. Carpenter testifies that there has been a remarkable spiritual determined annually, and pledges regularly revival in all these churches. for one year.

(5) Budgets should be concrete and indi- cate in separate classes askings for regular United Presby.terian Women opera7ing eXpenses; and for specifics, ask- ings shall fall into three groups, the na- ONE of the questions before the tional SOcieties, state and city missions, Sixty-fifth General Assembly of schools and colleges. the United Presbyterian Church, at its meeting in May, was the proposed (6) Churches and individuals should have' entire freedom in the designation of their gifts.

consolidation of the woman's work (7) Organization essential to effective co· with the other boards of the den()mina- operation ought to be rna'ntained. The tion. An interesting account of the present organization should not be discarded women's activities was given. During but modified as the experience of the past its forty years of history, the Wom- four years may suggest. en's General Missionary Society has (8) Schools and colleges, approved by the state conventions of the territory in which contributed $500,000 to Church Ex- they afe located, may be included in the cotension by building over 200 parson- operative program in the segregated ages. The thankoffering has amounted to $1,886,923. They have contributetl budgets.

-The Congregationalist.

$428,841 to Home Missions and Southern Baptist Finances F $150,000 additional to work among' EW denominations in the United States, according to the Christiam the Indians. To Freedmen's Missiono; they have contributed $604,792. '1'0 Cent1lry, show a better ratio of growth Ministerial Relief $50,267. and to than do the Southern Baptists. Since Foreign Missions $2,600,000. The the inauguration of their national total amount contributed to home financial campaign four years ago agencies, is $1,896,130. They pay no there has been registered an increa&e salaries to their secretaries, and have of 881 ministers, 3,068 churches, never had a deficit. They never make 3,287 Sunday-schools, and 460,827 an appeal for money, and do not per- Sunday-school pupils; 762,980 bap- mit any of their missionaries to d() so. tisms are reported. During the cam- They support 146 unmarried women paign period the SoutheTn Baptists missionaries in the foreign field. Their have given $9,376,927 more each year weapons are prayer, faith, service and for local causes than for a corre- love. After considering the proposal sponding period prior to the cam- from every angle the Assembly de– paign, and the annual increase for cided not to include the women's missions has been $4,938,751, making w()rk in the regular budget of the a total annual gain of $14,315,049.

Church. The value of local church property in

four years has been increased seems to have given rise to misleading $45,872,868. press reports that the Commissioner had prohibited the Indian ceremonial This is one side of the picture. On dances. The Outlook comments on the other hand comes a report that the indignation that was aroused the "financial situation among the thereby in certain quarters, and M. K. Southern Baptists is serious. The Sniffen, secretary of the Indian $75,000,000 campaign was a success Rights Association, writes in the in the· matter of securing subserip- Southern Workman: tions, but only a little more than half the amount has been paid in. The "When a public official is making leaders want and expect all of it by an earnest effort to eradicate practices Christmas. The home and foreign that are immoral and degrading, it boards each carry practically a mil- is almost incomprehensible that he lion dollars of indebtedness." should be severely condemned for so doing … This action of Commissioner Mexicans in Los Angeles Burke has raised a storm of indigna- tion among certain groups of artists eeLITTLE Italy and Little Hun- and archlBologists, who protest against gary may be in New York, but governmental interference with the 'ancient and sacred rites' of the In- Little Mexico is surely in Los An- dians. Evidently the objectors have geles. " So writes Percy J. Knapp, little real knowledge of what these an Episcopal Jay field worker, in the dances really are, or they would Spirit of Missions. He continues: hardly term them' a national asset of "In this district there are hundreds unique historic value,' and' as of inupon hundreds of homes in which a estimable worth to artists, scholars, word of English is never spoken and writers, and all thinking people.' a. beautiful school building where There is an abundance of evidence on hardly a word of English is heard file in the Indian Office (which can upon the playground. And this is be examined by anyone wishing to tmIy one of many Mexican districts in know the facts) that show these secret the thriving city of Los Angeles, and dances to be of a bestial and revolting one of at least a dozen public schools character, too filthy to be described in in which practically all the pupils are public print, which would not be toler- Mexican. It is in this particular ated for an instant in any civilized neighborhood that the Episcopal community by local police authority." Church has its only work among the Mexicans in Los Angeles ….. . Church Figures from. Canada The Neighborhood House is a true social settlement with its head worker, THE last bulletin issued by the Doits paid assistants and volunteer work- minion Bureau of Statistics deals ers who live at the settlement and with the religions of Canada as regive generously of their time for the corded by the sixth (1921) Census. betterment of the neighborhood. Of the total population, 8,788,483, no There are ten residents in all. The less than 8.ii72,;"i16, or 97.6 per cent, head worker is a deaconess of the are classified as belonging to some Church. Daily services change the Christian Church, denomination, or character of the work from being sect; 173,133, or 1.9 per cent, beolong merely social to truly missionary." to non-Christian religions, including 15,190 Jews, 40,727 of Oriental reli- The Indian Dances gions, and 7,226 Pagans. Only one- half of one per cent of the people of THE letter which Commissioner Canada profess themselves to be with- Charles H. Burke of the Indian out religion. The Anglican Church in Bureau addressed to the Indians of Canada is increasing more rapidly the United States about the evils con- than any of the other great religious nected with their dances, which was accurately quoted in the June REVIEW,

1923J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

bodies, a fact for which immigration He had written frequently to Rio for is largely responsible. Bibles; but he could get none. And yet he had frequent requests for Bi- LATIN AMERICA bles. I asked why he couldn't get the books and he declared that authorized Progress in Santo Domingo copies of the Bible were not in print. Only the Bible authorized by the Ro- THE March REVIEW spoke of the man Church can be bought by good significance of the union mission- Romanists, and there is no available ary enterprise, the Board for Chris- supply of such Bibles. But things tian Work in Santo Domingo, and the are moving. In our principal mornappointment of Rev. Nathan H. ing paper there is published each Sun- Huffman as Field Superintendent. day the Gospel for the day in Port- The latter now reports the first fruits ugese, accompanied by a comment." of the work .. "Evangelistic work has met with most encouraging response, ISLANDS OF THE SEA exceeding by far our most sanguine expectations. For example, in the Sacrifices of Filipinos capital citl- a hall was fitted up as an assembly room, large enough, it was OF the city of Batangas in the thought, for at least four years. After Philippines, where Presbyterians the first six months it was too small have been at work since 1917, an oband now we are distressed to know server from another denomination, 'where to put the people who attend writes; "Six years ago Protestants services and we are anxiously await- were stoned and hated. Today the ing construction of the auditorium entire town is friendly to the Protauthorized by the Board. Similar in- estant church, even-outwardly-the tere..'lt is noted at the other stations Roman Catholic priest. This change also, and the successes achieved in the was wrought by the courage of one cities where we are operating could Filipino pastor and the consecration be duplicated in any city of the Re- of his members. When they needed a public, had we the means with which new church building they gave as I to open work." Porto Rican pastors have seldom heard of people giving. are stationed in Santo Domingo City, One man gave his only carabao and San Pedro de Macoris, and La Ro- now cultivates his little farm with a mana, all important cities on the hoe instead of a plow. A woman who south coast. A fourth station has re- had saved up five pesos for a pair of cently been opened at San Cristobal shoes gave the five pesos to the church with a Dominican pastor. Dr. Horace and went without shoes. If you R. Taylor has been appointed super- knew how these people love to dress intendcnt of medical work and has and what it means to give up shoes for nnder his direction three American coming to church you would apprenurses, several nurses in training, a ciate this sacrifice. Others sold their druggist, a dentist, and other helpers. jewelry, otheTs furniture from their homes in order to make that church Bookstores in Brazil possible. ~I.nd now, although they still have a debt and the church is unfin- DR. JAMES W. MORRIS, of the ished they are contributing toward a theological seminary conducted missionary in Mindoro." by American Episcopalians in Brazil, in exploring the bookstores in Brazil, GENERAL found" some Roman Catholic books of eontroversy, and what they tell of the Aim to Spread Atheism besotted wickedness of Luther, Calvin and our Saint (as he is called) Henry THE Associated Press report of the VIII, is a plenty. I asked the man in meeting of the Executive Committhis store to sell me a Bible. He was tee of the Third International, held in sorry, but he had no copy in the house. Moscow in June, indicated some un- certainty among the delegates as to

future tactics, owing to international fruitful than that undertaken for any complications. J. T. Newbold, mem- other non-Christian peoples. '.' ber of the British House of Commons, asked what the English Communists Jewish Persecutions and Feasts should do in the struggle against British capitalism. Alexander Trach- POBJENDONOSTOW, a persecutenberg of the United States said the tor of the Jews in Russia, once time had arrived when the Executive asked a Jew what he thought would Committee should show ways and be the result of the persecutions if means of carrying on the struggle they continued. The answer was: against " American imperialism._" , 'The result will be a feast." Pob- From official press reports, it appears jendonostow could not understand the that less emphasis was placed on the answer, so the Jew illustrated it from necessity of an immediate struggle history. Pharaoh desired to destroy for world revolution than at previous the Jews, but the result was the Passconferences. The Swedish and Eng- over. Haman desired to destroy the lish delegates obje'Cted to anti-reli- Jews, but the result was the Purim gious propaganda. Zinovieff replied: (Esther !J: 26) _ Antiochus Epiph- "In our program we do not declare anes desired to destroy the Jews, war against honest but religious work- but the result was the feast of the men, but our program is based on dedication of the Temple. Thus it scientific materialism, which includes has always happened in the history unconditionally the necessity of prop- of the Jews. Shall the trials of the agating atheism. Certainly, how- Jews be a feast of reconciliation beever, anti-religious propaganda must tween Israel and their eternal King, be carried on wisely." Jesus, the Son of David, and the Son of God? -Dansk Miss-io-nsblad.

Do Jews Become Christians? An Illlportant Tribute T HE magazine Our Jewish Neigh- T HE name of Dr. William Lyon bors calls attention to "the fact Phelps of Yale, one of the forethat the Jews are by no means as most literary critics of America, carunresponsive to the Gospel as most ries such weight in educational and Jews assert and many Christians be- literary circles that his recent tribute lieve. . . . Following the Great in Scribner's Magazine may well be War there has been a great upheaval widely quoted. He says: "It is among Jews in those European lands rather curious that foreign missionwhich have suffered most in the con- aries, those bold soldiers of God, who flict. The trend toward Christianity give up home, congenial society, intihas here and there become a mass mate friends and the luxuries of civimovement. It is estimated that in lization, should be so often presented Hungary alone since the war 30,000 by comfort-hunting novelists as weak, Jews have become Christians. The namby-pamby, insineere and absurd. United Free Church Mission in Buda- They fight not only with the princes pest reports between 600 and 700 Jew- of the powers of the air, they fight ish baptisms during the past four against poverty, disease and sickness; years. . . . . While the work of it would be interesting if the brown, Jewish evangelization in America has yellow and black people whom they been left almost wholly to Independent save from pain and death could know enterprises, often very inadequately that these men and women are receivsupported; and it is only within the ing in their own countries a continual past few years that denominational back-fire of abuse and ridicule. But work has been inaugurated, yet the soldiers of religion, who sacrifice enough has been accomplished to themselves in the effort to save human justify the claim that the work of life, have never seemed to the stay-atevangelism among J eWE! is more homes particularly heroic."

MISSIONAltY

ThTehoImnsas ,aLnydell.Ou8tvso.of23M6 epspo.poAta.mMia.. PhBily. w~s ~ member .of. the staff of that very pot Ltd. 69 Great Russell St, W. c. brIllIant admInIStrator Sir Arnold ' W i l s o n . As an "out" he has diffi- London. 1923.

One. hopes that this book may have culty in speaking peaceably of what the WIdest possible circulation and has followed Wilson's regime. Sir reading. It is written by a late mem- Arnold believed in giving the Arabs ber of the British Administrative ~hat :vas good for them whether they Staff. of Mesopotamia, who had un- lIked It or not, and his successors have usual opportunities for observation believed in giving them what they and .who was still more unusually liked whether it was good'for them or qualIfied to use them. His book is as not. It is too soon even for statesmen interesting as any novel, and brief to be sure of the outcome of these enoug~to be within an ordinary man 's policies, and others are scarcely com- capacIty and at the same time gives petent even to express an opinion.

one a .good wClrking knowledge of the EYen a layman from outside however essentlal problems of Mesopotamia. must b~ permitted to protest against The outstanding virtue of the book advancmg the danger of an alliance is the fact that it gives not simply between the decadent Bolshevik power'

the superficial detail of Mesopotamian of Moscow, and a nonexistent Pan- happenings, but enough of the uuder- Islamic confederation, as a reason for lying causes to make matters compre- the .continued occupation of Mesopo- her:sible. The holy cities Kerbela and tamIa on the part of Great Britain.

NeJef, the nerve centers of ShiM Real reasons for the continuation of Islam are described, together with the that occupation are many and power- enormous influence of the religious ful, but the case is not strengthened leaders or Mujtahids, who reside in by bringing forward such a bogey.

them. The power of the Shiah sys- .W.hile the book is not written by a te~ is clearly pictured, as also the mISSIonary, the author nevertheless f~l~hfulness of the people in their rehglOUS observances. has much sympathy for missionarY work, and even advances some inte;- The problem of Mesopotamia is a esting ideas as to methods of carrying religious problem. Personal character on such work. It is not always pos- is inferio!" society is stagnant, be- sible to agree with him but even so the c~use of Ignorance, intolerance, ava- ideas are suggestive. The book how- rlce, and degraded sex relationships. ever is of great value to those inter- The source of the maladjustments the ested in missions, for it gives an ex- author finds in the religion of the tra.ordinarily vivid and adequate people. Such testimony from a gov- pict~re of the situ~tion in Mesopo- ernment official is exceedingly valu- taIDla. Every one mterest€'d in the able. Possibly Mr. Lyell has not seen orcupation of Mesopotamia for Christ the .Arabs at thcir best, nor even Is- should read it.

lam at its best and he would not be so Sunrise In Aztec Land. Being an account puzzled to account for the strength of the mission work that has been carried of I:>lam if he had resided among the Puntan "'INahabees of Central Arabia. on in Mexico since 1874 by the Presby- I h' d' . f t~emri.an Church in the United States. By n IS ISCUSSlOn 0 the political as- Illus: Map. 244 pp. pects of Mesopotamian problems the A. Ross. RIchmond, PresbyterIal Committee of Publication. 75 cts. cloth. 1922.

author is not as cool-headed and ju- The sub-title states the contents of dicial as in the rest of the book. He the book, aIld suggests its special in- 667

terest for Southern Presbyterians, but intelligent citizens. Instead, they are it is also worthy of the attention of all usually exploited by unprincipled men interested in Mexican missions. The and become prejudiced against Amerintroduction calls attention to striking ican ideals and institutions-especicontrasts that are valuable and inter- ally toward the police and the adminesting. Part I has to do with Mexico's istration of the law. The breakdown darkness, pagan and papal. Part II, of the Russian Church has loosened entitled "The Dawn," deals with the the hold of religion on many of the pioneers, especially Miss Rankin and members of the Greek Church and has, the Graybills. 'fhen follow all phases at the same time, opened the way for of the Mission's history and modes of more enlightened educational, social work, told in illustrative form, with and religious work among them by an abundance of life, much of it Mex- evangelical forces in America. ican. Rarely does a missionary writer succeed in putting into a paragraph, Dr. Davis shows the great need for or a page or two, so satisfactory a more constructive Christian work in sketch of a person who illustrates a behalf of these people who have sought given section of the narrative. The a home and new opportunities in final chapter, "Noonday Prophe'cies," America. gives a summary of the Southern Presbyterian work in its accomplish- Willibrord, Missionary in the Netherlands, ment. In an area equal to Georgia or 691-739. Including a translation of the North Carolina, near Mexico City, Vita Willibrordi by Alcuin of York. By 'this board has a force of 261 mission- the Rev. Alexander Grieve, D.Phil. 139 aries with 773 Mexican fellow-work- pp. Society for the Propagation of the erR, and 22,274 full communicants, in Gospel in Foreign Parts. 48. London. 661 places. They seem to have had 1923. the duty of giving impressed upon them, for in various departments the Though practically unknown to us, Mission contributed $699,001.55 in the nearly a hundred churches in Holyear reported. Even the Revolution land, "Belgium and adjacent areas bear which most affected the American the name of this missionary, who for reader, did not quench this remark· almost half a century laid there the able financial zeal. The book is full foundations of the Church among a of sidelights such as the illuminating heathe'n people. Brought up and eduview of the Revolution and its causes cated at the Monastery of Ripon and (pp. 110 to 124), that makes such up- later studying' in Ireland, where he risings seem more reasonable as well was a recluse, he went in the "full as more deplorable. age of Christ," thirty-three, at the head of an apostolic band of twelve to The Russian Immigrant. Jerome Davis. their field, making Utrecht their main 12mo. $1,.50 The Macmillan Co., center of operations. The book is New York. 1922. written somewhat like a Ph.D. thesis and deals with main facts and dis- According to the recent census, puted data. The material is so meager there are 392,049 foreign- born Rus- that the author could not do othersians in the United States and 340,000 wise, perhaps. others of Russian parentage. These people are employed largely in coal India 8 nd Its Missions. By the Capuchin mines and in the iron and 'steel in- Mission Unit. Illus., maps, xxiv, 315 pp. dustry. New York. 'Macmillan Company. $2.50. 1923. Dr. Davis, Assistant Professor of Sociology at Dartmouth College, gives Rarely has a volume of this sort a clear picture of the Russian immi- been reviewed in this periodicalgrants in their American environment perhaps never before. But it is a and shows the faHure of Americans to proof of the newly awakened foreign develop them as a whole into useful, missionary movement amon~ the American Roman Catholics. Hitherto practically all the missionaries sent forth to Catholic mission fields have been Europeans; but within a decade, in India. One statement, quoted from and especially since the organization Joseph Carroll, O. S. F. C., that in of "The Catholic Students' Mission spite of Protestant industry, our Crusade," au outgrowth of the Stu- endeavor to convert India is an dent Volunteer Convention at Des " acknowledged failure, " we must Moines, that great missionary Church unqualifiedly deny. Possibly one may is rapidly developing a sending spirit. find in print some Protestaut testi- This volume is written as a help to mony to that effect; but surely no missionary candidates, as well as to such volume of despair can be found inform the American brauch of the in our literature as the reader may Church of the conditions and needs see in Abbe Du Bois's implied critIprevailing in one of their earliest cisms of his own Church in his "IJetfl"lds, the scene of some of Xavier's ters ou the State of Christianity in faithful labors. As its authors say, India, in which the Conversion of the it is intended not merely for Roman Hindoos is Considered as Imprac- Catholics but for others interested in ticable. " India also. The Triumph of the Gospel in the New Like much of their work, this vol- Hebrides: The Life Story of Lornai of ume has had a large measure of Lenake!. By Frank L. Paton. Illns., cooperation from Indian laborers and map, xii, 315 pp. New York. George H. also a careful criticism by authorities. Doran Company. $1.50 net. It is written much like the earlier mission study textbooks of the Vol- Owing to the saintly character and unteer Movement's series and gives a wonderful story of John G. Paton as fine background for the more strictly he lived and labored in the remote missionary aspects of India. Its chap- New Hebrides archipelago, few parts ter upon "Pioneer Missionaries, 52~- of the missionary world have been so 1498" cannot be paralleled by Prot- attractive as those islands which are estauts, nor do we have another no larger than Rhode Island and Conentitled "Modern Missions: 1700- necticut. In 1903 the third son of 1886." All of that preparatory work this modern Apostle John wrote a our textbooks do not even suggest. remarkable volume entitled "Lomai Nor are we familiar with the Portu- of Lf'nakel, a Hero of the New Hebguese schism and the "Hammer of rides," which was republished in 1908 Schismatics, " Anastasius Hartmann. in a popular edition. The present Hardly more than a whisper of the volume is the same as the first edition, work of Robert de Nobili, who an- except in its title, an appendix renounc-ed himself as a rajah and a lating to the needs of the Mission, Brahman and whose course met and in having fewer illustrations. We Roman criticism, nor of the Malabar agree in the estimate of the book Rites Controversy of the eighteenth which appeared nineteen years ago in century, which was a scandal in the this REVIEW, except that in our judgeyes of Rome, has beeu heard by ment the inclusion of many minute Protestants except those who are details makes all the more realistic the story of this remarkable Christiau students of India. The textbook convert. takes au impartial position when compared with that of other Catholic Geschichte der Evangelischen Mission in writers. Afrika. Prof. Dr. Julius Richter. Pp. 813. Paper, $3.00; cloth, $3.40. Giiter· But apart from the confusing and sloh. 1922, rapid entry of Orders and their varied work, and one or two misstatements in The third volume of Dr. Richter's the otherwise admirable chapter on monumental Allgemeine Evangelische "Protestant Missions," one must com- Missions-ges'chichte is devoted to the mend so valuable a volume, full of history and work of the Protestaut little known items of Christian work missions in Africa and constitutes the most important as well as the most recent presentation of this subject. It the life and work of Livingstone who is characttlrized by the well-known thoroughness of the learned author, is described as "the overtowering figas well as by an eminent spirit of fairness throughout. ure in the missionary history of Africa in the 19th century and as it twheere~iviits­ letter of commendation in The Introduction is a masterly essay lized world as well as in Central on the history of Christian missions in Africa, b2ginning with Apos- Africa. "

One of the most valuable portions tolic timE's. It gives a general view of the book is the final sectioI1 which of the various people of Africa and discusses the reasons why we progress is of a general nature. We know of no of Islam from the beginning was so very marked. other work which gives such a clear insight into the part borne by mission- ary labor in the exploration of the The body of the work is divided African languages. anTdhedobeibslicorO~d'riatphtoy .listed is enormous into the ftooutrhegrgeeaotgrdaipvhisicioanl s~recaosrroefsponding the research of the author. The same the African continent in the order of might be said of the chapter on the West, South, East and North Africa. history of Bible translation in African The lion's share of the presentation vernaculars. The mere list of versions falls to South Africa with 300 pages with the statement of the parts printed while North Africa has the smallest and the area of circulation occupies spare, with' no subdivisions. The four full pages. According to Richter reason for this is the amount of mis- tbere are tra.nslations of the entire sionary effort and result in each part. Bible in 22 African languages, of the Several features about the book are New Testament in 36, and separate outstanding: the discussions of ethical characteristics with special regard for parts in 92, making a total of 150 the language groups, the descriptions of the religious views and practices as translation s. they exist in the larger groups and the statistics of the field. A chapter of about twenty-four pages is devoted to the Negroes of America, including the continental and insular areas.

As the German missions had reached The conclusion points out the many a great extension all over the con- great and varied problems that arise tinent, not only in the former German possessions, but in other colonial ter- in carrying the Gospel to the colored· ritories as well, it is natural that the great war should have exercised its people in the world and contains a blighting effect on missions. The conditions, so far as German missions are fine tribute to the heroism and unconcerned, have not yet reached a final settlement. It is natural that a daunted activity of the missionarieS! historical perspective should here be out of the question, hence Dr. Richter who have done such a magnificent proceeds under this head to chronicle the events in their order of occurrence, work on the Dark Continent. This without indulging in a discussion of the political background. Though in book is a splendid contribution to mis- sionary literature, of exceptional value to those who desire an accurate and up-to-date presenta.tion of all the facts pertaining to the subject and an in- spiration to all who truly desire to bring the gospel light to the mu:lti- tudes of this Dark Continent.

several instances sorrow over the de- Un:8.nished Tasks. By Homer McMillan. struction of Christian works breaks 12mo. 192 pp. 50 cents, paper. Pres· through with some bitter expression, byterian Committee of Publication, still we feel that even those on the Richmond, Va. 1922. opposite side will not take issue with the author on the ground of unfair- Home mission tasks in America are dealt with in this textbook-the tasks ness. for Indians, Negroes, Mounta.ineers, Immigrants and Mexicans. It is of There is a fine characterization of

1923J THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY

special value to Southern Presbyteri- ience as a doctor and worker with ans and sets forth clearly the mission- boys in East London, his service with ary objective. deep-sea fishermen, his conversion and finally his call to the Labrador coast God's Prophetic Program. By J. O. Steen. and the thrilling life and noble service 12mo. 121 pp. 28 tid. Pickering and there on land and sea. The story is Inglis, Glasgow. 1922. full of action, of high ideals and un- selfish service. It is excellent for boys The visions of Daniel and of the -and girls also. Apostle John are the basis of this prophetic study. They are a prolific The Ministry as a Life Work. Robert L. source of debate but deserve' the attention of devout Bible students. The Webb, D.D. $1.00. 96 pp. 199. The "image" is taken in its usual histor- Macmillan Co. New York. ical interpretation but the time of its destruction is held to refer to the Dr. Webb is a capable recruiting "League of Nations." Signs of the sergeant. The call to the ministry, times are noted but there is no at- its claims, and quaJlifications., as well tempt to fix dates. as its usefulness, are set forth with admirable clearness, and fresh vigor. Dramatized Missionary Stories. By Mary Nothing better could be put into the M. Russell. 12mo. 124 pp. $1.00. hands of the younger clergy, or semi- George H. Doran 00., New York. 1922. nary students and for an earnest lad thinking of the ministry as a life Dramatization has become a fad. work it will be most encouraging. The appeal through eyegate is strong but wrong impressions are easily given World Dominion. 6<l per copy, 2s 6<l per and youth are in danger of demand- year. ing dramatic presentation as the chief method of instruction in religious or The first issue of this. new quarterly missionary history. This type of in- review, edited by Dr. Thomas Cochstruction is being overdone. Mrs. rane, C.M., has come from the Liv- Russell has selected such outstanding ingstone Press of London. The heroes as Carey, Livingstone, Mary magazine is the organ of the London Reed, Robert Moffat and Keith Fal- Missionary Society Laymen's Moveconer, but has failed to produce dra- ment and its object is "to think in matic scenes that inspire or dialogues world terms and to review the disthat make a deep impression. In the tribution of the forces and resources hands of an expert, the material may of the Christian Church in the light be made more effective but the really of the world need." It wiU deal with dramatic life stories of these men and missionary principles, policies and women are more inspiring than any methods. The first issue contains an fictitious dramas. article by the editor on "Hope for the Leper," and others on Indo-China, The Story of Grenfell of the Labrador. By Central China, the Near East, Japan, Dillon 'Nallnee. IIlns. 12 mo. 237 pp. and .Africa. $1.50 net. Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. 1922. Christian Endeavor Missionary Programs. Prepared by Julia Lake Skinner. Execu· The Labrador is a land of pioneers tive Committee of Home Missions and and of perils. Dr. Grenfell is a man Executive Committee of Foreign Missions, of many adventures and achievements Presbyterian Church in the U. S. 1923. for the benefit of his fellowmen. Dillon Wallace is a writer of forceful and These are carefully prepared, usepicturesque literary style. The com- ful illustrated programs for young bination produces an excellent book people, covering both home and forfor boys. Mr. WaUaee begins with eign missions. They have poster sug- Dr. Grenfell's boyhood in England, gestions, songs, Scripture selections, tells of his school days, his early ad- questions and domestic parts. The ventures, his college life, his exper- fields and the missionaries mentioned are those of the Southern Presby- terian Church. NEW BOOKS II. 172 pp. $1.00. Abingdon Press, New York. 1922. Nyasa, the Great Water: Being a Descrip· tion of the Lake and the Life of the The Church at Play. A Manual for Direct· People. By W. P. Johnston, D.D. 204 ors of Social and Recreational Life. pp. 78, 6d net. Oxford University Press. Norman E. Richardsou. 317 pp. $1.50. New York. 'J.'he Abingdon Press, New York. 1922.

The Black Man's Place in South Africa. The Child and America's Future. Jay S. By Peter Nielsen. Juta & Co. Cape Stowell. 178 pp. Cloth 75 cents; paper Town, South Africa. 50 cents. Missionary Education Move· ment. N"ew York. 1923. A Burmese Arcady. Major C. M. J;;nriquez, Kachin Rifles. 218 net. Seeley, 8ervice & Creative Forces in Japan. Galen M. Fisher. Co. London. 1923. 248 pp. Cloth 75 cents; paper 50 cents. Missionary Education Movement. New Father and Son. Philip E. Howard. 132 York. 1923. pp. $1.00. 8uuday School Times. Phila· delphia. 1922. The Woman and the Leaven in Japan. Charlotte B. De Forest. 224 pp. Paper Problems of the Christian College Student. 50 cents; cloth 75 cents. Central Com· J. A. Morris K.imber. 48 pp. Sunday mittee on the United Study of Foreign School 'Times. Philadelphia. 1922. Missions. West Medford, Mass. 1923.

Every-Member Evangelism. J. E. Conant. The Honorable Japanese Fan. Margaret 202 pp. $1.50. Sunday School Times. T. Applegarth. 135 pp. Paper 40 cents; Philadelphia. 1922. cloth 65 cents. Central Committee on the United Study of Foreign Missions. West The Religion of Lower Races. Edwin Medford, Mass. 1923. Smith. 82 pp. $1.00. The Macmillan Co. New York. 1923. Japan on the Upward Trail. Wm. Axling. 178 pp. Missionary Education Movement. Buddhism and Buddhists in S'outhern Asia. New York. 1923. Kenneth J. Saunders. 75 pp. $1.00. The Macmillan Co. New York. 1923. The Red Man in the United States. COIl1- mittee on Social and Religious Surveys, The Religious and Social Problems of the, under the direction of G. E. E. Lindquist. Orient. Masaharu Anesaki. 77 pp. $1.00. 460 pp. $3.50. Geo. H. Doran Co. New The Macmillan Co. New York. 1923. York. 1923.

Principles of Interpretation. James H. The White Fields of Japan. Lois J. Ericks· Todd. 62 pp. 30 cents. Bible Institute son. 207 pp. 50 cents and 75 cents. Colportage Association. Chicago. 1923. PreHbyterian Committee of Publication. Richmond, Va. 1923. The Ideals of Theodore Roosevelt. Edward H. Cotton. 325 pp. $2.50. D. Appleton Scientific Christian Thinking for Young & Co. New York. 1923. People. Howard A. Johnston. 238 pp. $1.25. George H. Doran Co. New York. Indian Tribes of Eastern Peru. Wm. Cur· 1922. tis Farabee. 194 pp. Peabody Museum. Cambridge, Mass. 1922. Cave Boys. H. M. Burr. 200 pp. $1.75. Association Press. New York. 1923. Alexander Duff. William Paton. 234 pp. $1.50. Geo. H. Doran Co. New York. Toto and Sundri. From a Heathen Home 1923. to Christian Service. Emma A. Robinson. 16 mo. 103 pp. 40 rents. The Metho· Christianity and Industry Series. dist Book Concern. ~ew York. 1923. 9. The Economic Order-What Is ItT What Is It WortM John H. Gray. Contacts with Non'Christian Cultures. 52 pp. 10 cents. Geo. H. Doran Daniel J. Fleming. 185 pp. $2.00. Geo. Co. New York. 1923. H. Doran Co. New York. 1923. 10. Why Not Try Christianity' Samuel Zane Batten. 57 pp. 15 cents. Christian Education and the National Con- Geo. H. Doran Co. New York. sciousness in China. James B. Webster. 1923. 323 pp. $2.50. E. P. Dutton & Co. New York. 1923. Christianity the Final Religion. Samuel M. Zwemer. 109 pp. Eerdman·Sevenama Paths of Peace. John Gray. 196 pp. 2 If Co. Grand Rapids, Mich. 1920. 6 d. Pickering & Inglis. London. 1923.

The Debt Eternal. .John H. Finley. 231 The Groat Seal of the Gospel. Alexander pp. 50 cents, paper; 75 cents, cloth. Marshall. 2 s 6 d. Pickering & Inglis. Council of Women for Home Missions and London. 1923. Missionarv Edncation Movement. New York. Ui23. Ethics of Capitalism. Judson G. Rosebush. 196 pp. $1.50. Association Press. New Cong-Q General Conference Report. 214 pp. York. 1923. Baptist Mission Press. Haut Congo, Congo BeIge, Africa. 1921. Henry Martyn, Confessor of the Faith. Constance E. Padwick. 304 pp. $1.50. Home Lessons in Religion. A Manual for Geo. H. Doran Co. New York. 1923. Mothers. S. W. and M. B. Stagg. Vol. (Concl~!deil on .1il cover)

The Missionary Review of the World — August 1920

XLIII NUMBER

THE MIS,SIONARY ~ AUGUST, 1920 PEARL DIVERS IN THE PERSIAN GULF D.DYKSTRA THE INDIANS OF CENTRAL AMERICA PAUL BURGESS PRESENT CONDITIONS IN HAWAII GEORGE L. CADY THE MEXICAN REVOLUTION AND MISSIONS GEORGE B. WINTON ALMAS, AN ASSYRIAN MOTHER MRS. W. P. ELLIS RELIGION IN TUNISIA A. V. LILEY . $2.50 A YEAR 2S CENTS A COpy . MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY COOPERSTOWN, NEW YORK IS6 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK

MISSIONARY

~~RLD An interdenominational illustrated magazine recording the social and religious conditions throughout the world and the progress of Christianity Published by Missionary!Review Publishing Company, Inc.

Controlled by an Interdenominational Board of Directors RoBIRT E. SPIIlR, LL.D., President W Ar.Tn McDoUGAr.r., Treasure,. FRANK L. BROWN, Vice-President DELAVAN L. PInSON, Secretary PROF. HARLAN P. BI!ACH MRS. HI!NRY W. PI!A1IODY R.F;v. WM. 1. CHAMBI(Rr.AIN, PH. D. DICKINSON W. RICHARDS MRS. E. C. CltONK RI!v. CHAS. R. WATSON, D. D.

FLI!MING H. Rl!VI!LL Co-operating with an InterdenoDlinational Editorial Council Representing the Foreign Missions Conference of North America, The Women's Federation of Foreign Mission Boards. The Home Missions Council. The Council of WQmen for Home Missions, The World's Sunday School Association, The Student Volunteer Movement, and The Missionary Education Movement.

Rltv. Ar.FRI!D WMS. ANTHONY, D. D. MRS. WM. A. MQNTGoMI!RY W. E. DoUGH''y FLORl!NCI! E. QUINLAN MRS. W. H. FARMIR MRS. PHILIP M. ROSSMAN R.F;v. F. C. S'tI!Pll:I!NSON, M. D. Rltv. MILI!S B. FrsHn, D. D. F. P. TURNI!R R.F;v. W. H. GRIFFI'tH THOMAS, D. D. RI!v. CHARLI!S L. WHI'tI!, D. D. R.F;v. A. W. HAr.SIY, D. D. R.F;v. S. G. INMAN ROBI!R't P. WII,DF:R, MRS. O. R. JUDD R.F;v. RALPH Wlr.LIS Kn:r.n, D. D. RI!v. L. B. WOLl!, D. D. JOHN W. WOOD, D. C. L.

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= :.:Jeaua:- Ohrlatl.. ETldence.-aJl old subject. brought up to date. :t'he ScGtIeId Bible eo….po..d…:e Coune-acholarly. ~J:t~;-tt!:. 01 a OIDt1lrY. and taken Review' of the World DELAVAN l. PIERSON. fill« CONTENTS FOR AUGUST, 1920 FRONTISPIECE-AT TB~ TOMB OF A Mos!.~M SAINT Page EDITORIAL COMMENT ………………….. ,……………………….. 665 KOR~~'S STRUGGr.~ FOR FRnDoM CANADA'S INTICRCHURCH CoUNCIL EUROPll STILI. IN BONDAGl( THl( INT!CRCHURCH. TO RJ(oRGANIZli THli RliI.IGIOUS OUTI,OOK IN THl( HOLY POLITICS AND RltLIGION IN AMItRICA LAND A FORWARD MovliMl(NT IN Ko1U':A PEARL DIVERS IN THE PERSIAN GULF ……………… BY D. DYKSTRA 675 THE INDIANS OF CENTRAL AMERICA …….•………. BY PAUL BURGilSS 679 PRESENT CONDITIONS IN HAWAII. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BY GJ(ORGE L. CADY 685 THE CHRISTIAN MESSAGE…………………………………………. 69() THE MAORIS OF NEW ZEALAND …………………… BY EUGl(NE SrOCK 691 THE MEXICAN REVOLUTION AND MISSIONS ………. BY G. B. WIN'roN 693 THE BREATH OF GOD IN DARK RUSSIA …………………… , … 696 ALMAS, AN ASSYRIAN MOTHER …………………. BY MRS. W. P. ELUS 699 THE KENNEDY SCHOOL OF MISSIONS ………………. BY E. W. CAPIlN 702 RELIGION IN TUNISIA, NORTH AFRICA ………………. BY A. V. LILEY 704 THE COMMUNITY HUT AT POWERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BY COl( HAYNl( 708 THE STORY OF PAUL RADER, EVANGELIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . By HIMSliI.F 709 KINGDOM RECRUITING, A SERMON ….•……………… BY PAU!. RADJIR 712 CHRISTIAN WORK IN EAST SIBERIA …. BY E. W. OLSON AND JACOB VINCI 719 HEBREW CHRISTIANS IN CONFERENCE …………….. BY J. L. ZACKItR 721 THOMAS J. SCOTT, OF INDIA………………………………………. 722 WOMEN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN … EDITIlD BY MRS. W. H. FARMltR 723 AWAKENING OF THE CHURCH IN CHINA ……….. By F. W. S. O'Nm!.L 727 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ………………………………………… 728 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARy………………………………………… 741 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, SO cent~. Single copies, 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1920, by Missienary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second class matter at the postoffice at Cooperstown, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

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COPJrichted. 1920 EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS CHAT HAVE YOU A CONVENTION IN YOUR VICINITY?

A national state or county denom- For mY'sermons, I use inational co~ference, a missionary the large, bold type. society convention, or study conference, a Student Volunteer convention, Then by "Just turninQ an Epworth League, Luther League, the knob" U. ~ Christian Endeavor or Young People's Union convention-a religious ~< . ?.~~ ~O? . , chautauqua or assemblage of any kind? <If so we would appreciate , ? …… OO??.,o",~.",o••, having you let us know of it in ad- M1 S••~., SeA•• ' ••"c••• vance. .iManyjTYfJeuwitera/n On." There are hundreds-thousands- ,~W'~o!u:ld.,r;~".l~ik~eItao ;kn=owI~..1l"~ti:le of meetings of this kind all over our country annually, and we are attempt- In I.ur WOI'dI: ing to tabulate them. It is an enormous job and one in which you can B_avae of It. ~.r..tUlljll help us tremendously by reporting gatherings in your neighborhood. The Multlplm: Hammond .so. "V1lI')'th1Dc any other typewriter wD1 Each of these gatherings is a rich do. and &c••d••, If you "Just otnuerD_tIhee field of prospective subscriber!' for knob" ,.OU can change from TH!O; MISSIONARY RI;;vu;W. They or type. 0 .. from one 1……- . to . . bring together thousands who wiiI oth8l'< Note the above lpeclm8ll welcome THE REVIEW as the one (lIiJdltl,. reduced) <III _ …." … IIY organ which can fill a long felt want by keeping them in constant touch 8AMB …cA'… with the whole missionary field, Our problem is to bring the magazine to No Otb.r T:rpew.lter Can- Do Thlw their attention. Nomatte….A. you are, .1. 70U If you are to be in attend;;mce at are, or.ID,wN you one of these gatheri.ngs and would artI. the Multl~ like to represent THE REVIEW, men- Hammond" tile tion that fact when reporting the con- writlna: machine ference and we will be glad to co- for YOU. 'Mall operate with yOU so that the Yery best tile coupon for results will be obtained. r_fold8l'.

But, whether or not you wish to Also B PORTABLE Model represent the magazine, theCirculation Manager will appreciate an ad- :f=itJ !~'r:f.f:'~ a~~,=~ds. vance not of any conventions which come to your notice. Please let us Inquire ~bout apeel.1 teruq know the date, place, denomination, to prof.plona'. possible attendance' and the name< of a possible representative, the litera- … _________ ~ … ~Free Jfolder____________ _ ture secretary, or the chairman. THE HAMMOND TYPEWRITER CO. With this information we will be 577 Eawt 69t:b St., New y ..k ClljI. aDle to arrange for a presentation of THE REVIEW by one of our repre- PI_ II8IId f_ Fol,d8l'to:' , sentatives or one of the conference officials-and yOU <will have a part in Nune,__~~__,___________ the securing of any subscriptions which result. Ad~,________- -__________ Oceupatloo _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Please mention THI; MISSIONARY R~Vlli::W 0_" TH~ WoJtI.D in writiDI' to "dver1iacu;s MODERN WOMEN AT THE TOMB These are not like the M~rys who came to the Tomb of Christ and found Him risen from.the dead. They are two Moslem women praying at a Saint's Grave in Tunisia. , (See article page 704.) EVIEW, VOL. , AUGUST, 1920 NUMBER XLIII EIGHT " y 'KOREA'S STRUGGLE FOR FR,EEDOM E shall know the truth and the truth shall make you free" was a declaration of Jesus Christ that has been abundantly proved. It is clear that He did not primarily refer to physical freedom for He also predicted imprisonment ,and death to many of His followers. Our Lord recognized that physical bondage andoppression are Qf little importance as compared with soul freedom. A man may be an autocrat with almost unlimited power from the world's viewpoint and yet he may be the most abject slave to evil passions and binding habit. "He that conunitteth sin is the bondservant of sin." At the same time, a man may be in prison, like the apostle Paul, or John Bunyan or Adoniram Judson, and yet may be free in spirit as the birds of the air. The truth does set freefree- from ignorance, and suspicion, from sin and too bondage of evil habits. Those set free by Jesus Christ need not fear men who can torture or kill the body, but who are limited by their physioal ability and by God's permission.

Korea is a case in point. Out of a total population of some 17,- 000,000 Koreans, there are some 300,000 Korean Christians. When J the Protestant missionaries entered Korea, these people were under every form of bondage-except political and physical. They had no schools, no churches, no courts of justice worthy of the name, and no enlightened government. Ignorance, bribery, graft and oppression abounded. Today the situation has been changed. Japan with a strong arm has wrested political freedom from the Korean because she :wished to control the future of the peninsula. Korea was physically powerless to resist. The germ of the spirit of freedom had, however, been sown by Christian missionaries. The Koreans had come to have an understanding of freedom and 'a thirst for it. Many had received a Christian education and understood the meaning of liberty, justice, industry, brotherliness. Schools and· churches 66S

had been founded and the nation was looking forward to a new era. Japanese injustice and oppression, and the dis'regard of Korean rights stimulated lovers of liberty to action. The movement was not confined to Christians, and the Independence party is naturally large. They sought not to injure others but to set free the oppressed. It is a significant faet that the proportion of Christians to non-Christians arrested in the naturalistic uprising is as 300 to 1, when we consider that only 318 out of 17,000,000 are Christians'– Roman CatholICS or Protestants. Altogether 29,O(}() Koreans have been arrested by the Japanese and of these over 5000 are Christians. These patriots have endured flogging, imprisonment, torture, loss of property and death for the sake of national liberty. They have suf- fered but have not retaliated.

The Japanese wish to give Korea an enlightened government and have made an effort to introduce certain reforms into Korea. '1'he Governor_General has declared that the Japanese purpose is to suppress sedition and not to hinder Christianity, but many Japanese 'hl;tve been especially hostile toward Christians. Baron Saito has granted licensed native newspapers, and has given permission for the use of the Korean language in public schools. Unregistered private schools are now permitted to use the Bible and to oonduct religious services. Flogging as a legal punishment was abolished on' April 1st, and the charges against signers of the "Declaration of Independence" are charged only with disturbing the peace. The use of the sword as the emblem of authority has, been discontinued among ciyil officials. The Japanese also promise topnt into force local plans for self-government in Korea as soon as the time is opportune.

In response to the request of Baron Saito, Governor-General, the Federal Counoil of Evangelical Missions in Korea, has made the fol- lowing suggestions for improvement in administration: The abolition of military rule and of cruelty to prisoners. The granting of full religious liberty to all.

The promotion of educational freedom.

The abolition of ,all discrimination against Koreans. The promotion of moral and judicial reforms. Avoiding the discussion of political questions, the missionaries advised the following steps, among others, as necessary to religious and educational freedom: .

Fewer restrictions on the Church and on missionaries.

No discrimination against Christians on the part of officials.

Encouragement of the right of petition and complaint. Permission to teach the Bible and religion in church schools. Abolition of the restrictions on the use of the Korean language.

.Full liberty of conscience for teachers and pupils.

Greater freedom in the selection of text books. Abolition of the censorship of Christian books.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

Pennission to publish all kinds of news in church periodicals. Full liberty for Bible colporteurs and others in religious work, Facilities for the Korean Church and Missions to hold property. Drastic reforms, abolishing the system of prostitution under government protection. Reformation in the laws affecting the liquor traffic, and the pro- . duction and sale of opium, morphine and cigarettes to minors. Better laws in regard to child labor. Abolition of barbarous and unjust treatment of prisoners. It seems the true Christian course for the Korean followers of • Jesus Christ to devote their attention to the promotion of spiritual liberty and growth, rather than to insist on national independence, much as that may be justly desired and demanded. When our Lord was in Palestine, the JewS' were under the yoke of Rome, but He did not counsel them to arise and throw off the political yoke but rather to turn their attention to breaking the bondage of sin, and to following Him into spiritual life and liberty.

A FORWARD MOVEMENT IN KOREA I N SPITE of the dark days through which the Korean Christian Church is passing the leaders decided last autumn to inaugurate an advance movement in spiritual and educational 'Work. This is called the" Ching Heung Bon Dong" or "Forward Movement," and was established under the direction of the Presbyterian General Assembly. The Methodists in Korea already have their Centenary Movement.

The Presbyterians have a membership of over 70,000 Koreans connected with the missions of the Northern, Southern, Canadian and Australian Presbyterian Churches. The adherents number at least 150,000 more. The chairman of the Forward Movement is Rev. W. N. Blair and most of the members of the committee are KoreaJl pastors. The program'is to cover three years; in the first year an effort will be made to 1. Secure a 25% increase in Church attendance.

2. Secure a 50% increase in the attendance on Wednesday night Prayer Meetings.

3. Secure a 25% increase in the attendance at Sunday School.

4. Obtain a 100% increase in the number of families observing Family Worship.

5. A 25% increase in the numbers attending the annual Bible Class of the church, one week or more in length.

6. A 25% increa!jf in the number of those attending the Station Bible Institute, one month.

7. Increase the number of subscriptions to the Church Newspaper, "The Christian Messenger" by 50%.

8. Give 50% more than last year for the support of the local church.

9. Give 100% in excess of last year's gifts for the spread of the Gospel outside of the local church.

The seco114 year is to be devoted to the evangelization of the non-Christians, and to that end plans are already under way, and preparations are being made by prayer-meetings, tract distribution, preaching and a general survey of the whole country, for a nation- wide evangelistic campaign in the fall of 1920. Encouraging reports come from all sides of the way iu which a response is being given, even at the start, and much good is hoped for when the fall campaign is fully on.

Dr. Blair reports visiting one church.a week or so agQ, the attendance at which a year ago was 150. He found there 376 worshippers. Offerings fQr the support of the local wQrkers are incre:ls- ing in due proportion and it is hoped that when the reports from the whole church come in to the next A~sembly, in September, there will be practically a hundred percent report of churches that have reached the mark set in the nine items above given.

"The Christian Messenger," the Union Methodist and Presby- terian Church newspaper, has received permission from the au- thorities to print news of the world, and the subscription list has, within the past few months, trebled, and is expected to be quad- rupled before many months. .

The plans for the third year are for the development of the Sunday School, and work among young peaple.

The aim of this movement in Korea is distinctly spiritual rather than financial. Each district has appointed committees and formulates its own plans and is car'rying them out. The aim is to awaken the whole Korean Church. An evangelistic campaign is to be conducted next fall and winter; each district is being surveyed to dis- cover the number of Christian homes, the names and addresses of those favorably disposed to Christianity and the location of places of worship. Each Christian is to be assigned sever~l non-Christians from among those likely to be easily reached, for whose conversion he is to pray and work. In the autumn special prayer meetings will be held in each church throughout the district. Special tracts and literature will be distributed before the campaign. In November a fortnight's campaign 'Will gather in all the workers and from De- cember: to March similar campaigns will be held in all the churches of the district until all have been touched. In each church, young and. old are to sell Gospels to their non-Christiiln friends.

The plan is being worked out, and involves no small amount of work. It means a great need for earnest prayer and eager interest in the problems of missionary work in Korea, from the whole church.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

EUROPE STILL IN BONDAGE M ANY who took part in the world war did so in the hope that it would be the means of setting Europe free from political and economic bondage. It may be too soon to see the bene- fits of the conflict but none of the peoples who took part in the· struggle as yet show signs of a happy release. They are still in bondage, politically, economically and socially. _ Bishop Nicholas Velimorovic of Cacak, Serbia, declares that Central Europe -is on the verge of despair and that there has been a frightful increase of suicides during the past year. Tyranny of autocracy has been replaced by anarchy and in some countries by the tyranny of democracy. Bishop Velimorovic refers to three kinds of freedom (1) Freedom from brute force; (2) Freedom from oppressive human power; and (3) Freedom from oneself. The first freedom is secured by science and physical force, the second by politics and military power and the third by religion with spiri lnal power.

It is the last freedom that must be achieved if the people of Europe are to be free. They are not happy and are still slaves to self or to· the flesh. Only Christ can set them free from such bondage.

"The true freedom," says the Bishop, "which is not delusive, and which does not lead to suicide, can be acquired only by religious methods, which have been known to the world for thousands of years, and which are more sure both in their heroic premises and their heroic results than the methods of positive science. .

"True science is supernatural, supernational, supereconomic, superpolitical, superartistig; but it illumines nature, makes national- ism nobler, settles easily economic strife, gives solidity to politics, harmony to art and stability to social relationships."

The new nations of Europe, if they are to be truly free and happy, and are to help form a truly new Europe, must have a spirit- ual as well as a political rebirth, and must use Christian ideals and methods.

RELIGION AND POLITICS IN AMERICA ANY church or religious organization is to be judged according. to the degree in which it lifts men and women into more per- fect sympathy with God, and to greater Christlikeness of character and life. Historically, the Roman Catholic Church is a child of the primitive Apostolic Christian Church. Doctrinally, it is heir to the truths committed to the early Church by Jesus Christ and His apostles. The authority of the Bible, the deity of Jesus, the Atonement, the resurrection and immortality are still maintained and taught by the Roman Catholics, and many other beliefs and ideals are held in common with Protestants. It is the

point!'! of di:fferenc~ that reveal the distinctive character of each branch of the Church. The accretions of the dark ages, the super- stitions, the lax practices, the misinterpretations of Scripture, the . intrusion of saints and priests between men and Christ, the em- phasis on the ceremonial, and salvation by works, the system of autocratic government, the claim of papal infallibility and the· denial of private guidance of the Holy Spirit-these and other beliefs and practices, upheld by the Roman Catholic Church, show where it has departed from the ideals of Christ. The· result of this departure has been that its adherents have not been properly instructed in the things of Christ and converts have not been lifted to God's standards. For this reason, and not because of any jealousy or sectarian rivalry, evangelical Christians do not recog- nize the sufficiency of Roman Catholic ministries, and therefore send missions to Roman Catholic countries and oppose the growth of papal influence in the United States.

The effects of the political activity and the autocratic policy of the papacy cannot be overlooked. In war work, Roman Catholic influence was noticeable in all departments of the government. Those who are in a position to know the facts see the growing solidarity of the Catholic Church in America, and the effort to cover up their differences and divisions. Their concerted plans and policy and their strong leadership, have led to increased pres- tige, much greater than their numerical strength would warrant. They have about 16,000,000 nominal adherents in America, but not more than ten or twelve millions of these actually attend their· churches. They have a very effective publicity agency through the secular press; and by the use of their bulletins· and the visits of such prominent men as Cardinal Mercier of Belgium are seeking to increase their prestige. Their activities at Washington include a strong lobby in Congress, the filling of Government offices with Roman Catholics; and various educational projects, including the establishment of a $1,000,000 school to train U. S. consuls for for- eign service.

Protestant Christians must avoid resorting to tactics or methods of which they disapprove in Catholics, Mormons or other bodies. It is unchristian to resort to subterfuge or deceptive devices. But above all, Americans must be more adequately instructed in the fundamental truths of Christianity and in the practical stand- ards of Christian life. They should know the difference between Bible Christianity and the teachings and practices out of harmony with those of Christ. A new day will dawn for America when this people become a nation of devout Bible students, and earnestly seek to put into practice the teachings of Jesus Christ.

The comparative value of the religious ideals and real influence . of any church or organization is to be judged, not according to

EDITORIAL COMMENT

sectarian prejudice, but by results'. "By their fruits ye shall know them. " It is a question of fact. The expediency of allowing any'

religious or fraternal organization to become an outstanding power· in American life is largely a question of relationships and of ideals: The tact is, as proved by results, that the evangelical Chris~: tian Church is most influential in the development of stable charc acter, in the promotion of a high grade of general education, and· in giving power to produce a consistent Christian life. This is due in part to the emphasis on personal study of the Bible, and in part to the belief in the direct responsibility of the individual to God. A study of the comparative moral and religious life in Protestant and Catholic countries gives undeniable evidence of the_ superiority of evangelical standards. Superstition and ignorance go hand in hand. Knowledge of God and uprightness are insep- arable. .

As to relationship, the American people believe in the separa· tion of- Church and State. The Roman Catholic Church as an organization, like the Mormon Church, is involved in political activity. This is shown in city and state politics and in the effort to gain control of the press, of the educational system and of government offices. While most members of the Catholic Church are loyal Americans, and many are true Christian~, the papal hierarchy is still in control of the Church and its officials, and shapes their policies. The Pope claims temporal dominion and absolute authority, and the avowed object of the Catholic Church is to gajn control in the United States. Not long ago the National Catholic RelJister contained the followinl!: "It is God's plan that the Holy Father of Rome should ue the spiritual and temporal head of His Kingdom on earth. It is the same today a5 in the time of the first Pope. The best way to accomplish this is through political power, through religious education and service. God has doubly blessed the Catholic Church of America by placing one of its most faithful sons at the right hand of President Wilson. Next to the President, Han. Joseph TumuIty, Knights of Columbus, thirty-third degree, wields the greatest political power of any man in America, and as a true Catholic he is exercising the great trust which God has given into his hands for the glory of the Holy Church."

The question of religious ideals is one that relates to worship. character, education and daily life. It has to do with the stand of the religious teachers on the question of sin, of the Sabbath, on prayer from the heart, on repentance, on spiritual worship, on faith and works, on purity of life and on self-sacrificing service.

The same standards of judgment must be applied to the Prote estant Church as to the Roman Catholic, Jewish, or Mormon Churches. Protestant Christians are confessedly imperfect and their leaders are often unwise, but Protestant Christianity today stands firmly against political intrigue, against autocratic human

government, against the union of Church and State, and for pure morals, popular education, a Christian Sabbath, honest dealings, spiritual worship, vital religion, an open Bible, and Jesus Cht:ist as the Divine Saviour of men. The people of America need to be educated in the true principles and practices of Christianity as set forth in the New Testament. We also need to practice what WA pr~ach.

RELIGIOUS OUTLOOK FOR THE HOLY LAND P ALESTINE is not only at the cross roads of the world geo- .graphically and ethnologically, but is at the cross roads religiously. Here meet the Moslems and Jews, the Greek and Roman Catholics, the Protestant Christians in all types and degrees of sects. It has been the battle ground of political and spiritual forces, without true liberty, national or ecclesiastical. Now, since the British Government has taken control, the administration an- nounces a policy of economic development and of complete reli.l:,rious liberty. Hon. Louis Brandeis, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, who has just been elected President of the Zionist movement, also expresses the hope for harmony among J eWB, Moslems and Christians. The recent Zionist congress hopes for the economic development of Palestine and for the establish- ment of equal rights and justice to all.

Among the economic improvements planned are the reclama- tion of swamp and desert land, construction of a modern harbor at Haifa and another at Jaffa, the utilizing of the rivers to furnish light and power, the encouragement of home industries, the re- forestration of denuded hills, in fact as nearly as possible a return to the condition when it was a "land flowing with milk and honey." • According to the British plans the government of Jerusalem will be under a council composed of' two Moslems, two Jews and two Christians, with a Mohammedan as President and a Jew as Vice-President. Some difficulty in balancing the various re- ligious and racial sympathies is anticipated. It is the desire of the British High Commissioner, Sir Herbert Samuel, that the spirit- ual influences of the Holy Land shall be developed, and that there shall radiate from it moral forces for the service of the world.

THE INTERCHURCH TO REORGANIZE A T THE MEETING of the General Committee of the Inter- church World Movement, held in New York City on July 8th, the decision was reached to continue the main work of the Movement on a greatly reduced scale of expenditure. After receiving the resignation of the members of the Cabinet and approving of the,termination of the operations on June 30th the Business

EDITORIAL COMMENT

Men's Committee recommended that a representative Committee of Fifteen be appointed to consider ways in: which the main purposes and objects of the Movement may best be conserved, and to recommend plans for the future. The approval of a budget riot exceeding $75,000 will mean the curtailing of expenses by about 99%, but it is hoped that much of the surveys, literature and other material gathered by the Movement may be utilized through boards and other agencies without incurring further expense.

The new officials of the Movement have not yet been selected, nor has a decision been reached as to the disposition of the lease of the large headquarters. The Missionary Education Movement will probably continue as a department of the Movement, but the fate of the World Outlook, Everyland and other periodicals has not been decided. These questions will be taken up when the Committee of Fifteen make their report about the end of July. 'Phe :N orthern Baptist Convention voted to withdraw from the Movement, but both they and the Northern Presbyterians have expressed a willingness to join in some such plan of cooperation if properly organized on a representative basis and with safeguards against €xtravagance and other unwise policies.

The Committee of Fifteen to reorganize the work consists or the following members: Bishop Thomas 'Nicholson, Methodist Episcopal; Mrs. Mary Leonard Woodruff, Methodist Episcopal; the Rev. H. C. Swearingen, D. D., Presbyterian in U. S. A.; the Rev. E. C. Morris, D. D., Presbyterian in United States (South); Mrs. Anna Atwater, Disciples of Christ; the Rev: James H. Mohorter, D. D., Disciples of Christ; the Rev. William H. Day, D. D., Congregational; Mrs. Frank Gaylord Cook, Congregational; the Rev. W. G. Parks, National Baptist; the Rev. A. C. Sidall, D. D., Church of the Brethren; the Rev. W. B. Anderson, D. D., United Presbyterian;. Bishop James Cannon, Jr., Methodist Episcopal South; the Rev. L. H. Lewis, D. D., Methodist Protestant; Dr. Joseph H. Appel, Reformed in United States; Bishop S. C. Breyfogel, Evangelical Association.

On the new basis and greatly reduced budget, the Movement: may bring various evangelical bodies into closer and more harmonious action, may promote missionary education and serve as :l clearing ho:use for missionary information. The Foreign Missions Conference, the Home Missions Council and similar organizations are effectively organized to do much of the work that the Interchurch took upon its shoulders, and if adequately supported would make it unnecessary to maintain a new, all-inclusive, organization.

One thing. is to be remembered in considering the responsibilities of the Christian Churches and the objective in missionary effort; namely, that the one commission of Christ was to "go into all the world and preach the Gospel to Every Creature." Our responsibility is for the giving of His Message clearly, lovingly,

self-sacrificingly, by word and by life. Politics, economics., secular education, industrial relationships are subordinate to individual regeneration by the power of the Spirit of God. Christ's mes- sengers plant the seed and cultivate the soil, but God gives the increase. Without Him we can do nothing; with Him we can do all things.

:T CANADA'S INTERCHURCH COUNCIL HE history of the Canadian Interchurch Movement has been very different from that in the United States. The Canadian . organization was more distinctly representative in its manage- 'nient; was more economically conducted; it set a modest financial goal before the people; it did not emphasize the "friendly citizen" campaign, it did not go so exhaustively into surveys; and finally it has more than reached the financial goal set. As a result the Cana- dian churches regard their movement as remarkably successful, and at a meeting in Toronto on May 7th the representatives of the vari- ous boards unanimously agreed to form a Council to be known as the Inter-Church Advisory Council of Canada." The objects as agreed upon are: (1) To confer together with reference to those matters in which the Churches have a common interest and in relation to which some general policy may be advisable or cooperative action possible.

(2) To co-ordinate social and religious activities of an inter-church character.

, (3) To carry through such general policies and co-operative efforts 'as the Boards of the several communions may from time to time agree upon-as for example ;-(a) Making adequate· surveys of religious and social conditions. (b) Undertaking united and simultaneous campaigns for special objects. (c) Preparation and publication of such literature as may be used in common and general publidty. (d) Acting together in lhe interests of Religious and Missionary Education and Community bet- terment.

It was agreed that no action should be taken at any time by the Council inconsistent with the complete autonomy and independent ad- ministration of each separate Communion.

The Council is to be composed of representatives appointed by the Boards in the following proportions: Congregationalists, 2 from each of the Boards indicated; Baptists, 3; Anglicans, 4; Methodists, 4; Presby- terians,4; making a total, when complete, of 85 members.

The interim officers and Committees appointed are: Chairman, Rev. Principal Gaudier; Vice-Chairman, G. H. Wood, Esq, Rev. Dr. Hugh Pedley; an Anglican and Baptist to be added when representatiyes are appointed by those Communions. Treasurer, 'J. H. Gundy, Esq., Secretary, Rev. H. C. Priest. An Executive Committee 'Was also appointed.

Canada's greater conservatism led her to avoiq some of the errors made by the mDre aggressiYe leaders of the movement in the United States.

FISHERS AT WORK IN THE PERSIAN

One of the Pearling Fleet in search for wealth . The oars over side arc for the divers to hold on . to when they come up for air.

The Pearl Divers in the Persian Gulf BY REV. D. DYKSTRA, BAHREIN ISLANDS Missionary of the Reformed Church in America W HEN we read the story of the great work among the fisher- men of Labrador the question involuntari1y arises why is not a similar work carried on among the pearl fishers in the Persian Gulf. The conditions among these two classes of fishermen in some respects are the same. Both are accessible by watercraft. Both spend a large part of their time at sea. Both are far removed from the ordinary helps and comforts of civilization. The greatest need of both is to have the Gospel preached to them. Both suffer from extremes of temperature, for while the one is often in danger of being frozen to death, the other is daily scorched by the noonday sun, and nightly stifled by the murky heat.

Gnder favorable weather conditions the pearling season lasts from the "beginning of April to the end of September, except during the month of Ramadan when it falls within that period. For the remaining six or seven months of the year the pearl divers are essentially shore men, and missionary work may be done among them at that time in the same way that it is done among the pearl brokers and the general merchaJlts in the coast towns. Hence it follows that the work the Arabian Mission carries on in the Persian Gulf, espec- 675 676 'rHE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [~ugust ially that at Bahrein and at Kuweit, the two great pearling centers, is carried on largely among the pearl divers and their families.

The Arab's attitude towards the pearl season is the same as the farmer's attitude towards the harvest. "Make hay while the sun shines" would be in Arabia "Get pearls while the sea is warm." When the season opens, the boats, which have been on the beach all winter, are launched with loud shouting. While the hulks are soaking to become water-tight, the masts and sails are rigged up, food and fuel are put aboard, and the water tank is filled with fresh water. The crew consists of a captain, a cook, a "yell master" to cheer and direct the crew, one or more boys to serve coffee and to fix the pipes for frequent smokes, and a number of divers according to the size of the boat; some have as few as five, others as many as fifty. Paired off with each diver is a man who holds the rope as the diver descends, and who draws the diver in against the flowing tide when he come~ up. The diving continues during most of the daylight hours, and there are many daylight hours in summer. Only the first hour or two of daylight are required to open the shells brought up the previous day.

When the captain sounds the call for going over the side the diver puts a clip on his nose to keep out the water, stones on rns feet to draw him down rapidly" and steps over board feet first. He sinks out of sight, down, down, down, eight, ten, fifteen, or twenty 'fathoms down, until he touches bottom. There he dislodges his feet from the stones, and the latter are drawn up by the man on top. The diver holds the remaining rope with the toes of one foot, while he uses the other foot and his hands for navigating after the oyster shells. These shells, clinging to the rocks at the bottom, are wrenched loose and placed in a basket fastened around the diver's neck. ~<fter tme or two minutes even the best diver finds his breath beginning to fail him, and he quickly jerks the leg that holds the rope, at the same time catching the rope with his hands so as to come up head first. The man on top hauls in the rope at great speed and brings the diver alongside to relieve him of his basket which may contain either worthless shells or priceless gems. Generally the individual catch is small, but during the summer of 1918 one man brought up a basket of shells that contained a pearl which was sold here for $66,000.

During the entire day the diver may eat only a few dates and drink a few cups of coffee; but every time he comes up he takes a pull at the nargilah (water pipe), or at a cigarette. The water' pipe is provided by the boat, the cigarettes he must bring for himself. The eating of food would incapacitate the Qiver for the rest of the day, pre'sumably because of th~ great depths to which he goes. After sunset, however, he fills himself with boiled rice, and with fish if he is able to get it. If he wants fat on his rice he must bring it with him, as it is not on' the menu provided by toe employer. THE "PEARL OF GREAT PRICE" AND THE; PEARL MERCHANT A Missionary Visiting a Pearl Broker who is Buying up the Pear1s on one of the ships If at any time a diver keeps his head above water too long the captaiIl remonstrates in vigorous language. If still the head does IlOt disappear, a large cane is brought into play. Should the diver claim that he is not feeling well, the captain orders a long spike to be heated to a red heat, and then proceeds to apply it wherever the ailment may indicate. By this means would-be slackers are soon detected, while the really sick man suffers in silence. At nightfall the weary diver stretches himself on the wet and filthy deck, among evil smelling shells and all too soon is awakened for another day of toil and strain. The only respite comes when the wind is too high for the boats to remain at sea, and they must seek shelter under the lee of a reef or an island. When the water or the provisions give out the boat must go to one of the harbors of refuge where sweet water, food and fuel can be obtained.

It will be seen that during the pearling season, if the weather permits, the pearl diver is at sea practically all the time, and has no leisure for anything except business. There would be virtually no opening for Christian work among them except in cases of sprious illness or of shark bite, when time would be given for medical attention. When, however, the divers come to port to re-victnal their boats, or on account of a stormy sea; there is considerable opportnn-, ity to work among them. On such occasions a reader will often regale

them with stories, and Gospels may be used for this purpose. Dr. Paul W. Harrison made an attempt to tour among the pearling fleets dlilring the diving season, and also visited their harbors of refuge' during storms. He found that the work that could be done out at sea hardly justified the undertaking. In the harbors, however, many people were brought into contact with the Gospel that otherwise would have remained ignorant of it. Many divers come from inland Arabia, and these casual meetings with the missionary may be of great value in preparing the way into the interior.

Besides the regular work that the Mission is doing in the main cities of the coast, such as Bahrein and Kuweit, there is some opportunity for six months' service on the sea. More than fifteen hundred boats are out at sea, with an average of twenty-five men to 'he boat; and as their surroundings are most unfavorable, many of them are ailing. 'A medical man, in a motor boat. could go in and out among the pearling fleets and treat the sick a,nd the disabled. A combination of medical and evangelistic work throughout the summer would result in a thorough acquaintance with thousands of men. To reach the sailor the missionary must become a sailor. He must learn to preach the Gospel in the fisherman's language, and the only way to acquire this rich vocabulary is to live with the fishermen for months at a time on the deep blue sea. Naturally there will be dangers-dangers of storms and reefs and shoals-but what fellowship is more !"fal and more lasting than the fellowship of dangerT A good sailing vessel with a reliable crew would be an essential for this kind of work. An auxiliary sailing vessel, with a gasoline engine to propel it in unfavorable winds would be ideal. But such a vessel to be truly useful ought to be the Mission's property and at the command of the missionary in charge. When not used directly for touring among the pearling fleets it could be used to visit the many divers' towns and villages on the island and on the coast of the mainland, and a light would shine for many that are now sitting in darkness.

The missionary is ready to "go down to the sea in ships' ,- who will provide the ship? He is ready to dive for these precious human souls-who will "hold the ropes" by prayer and interces- sion~ I knew that thou hearest me always, John xi. 42 With Christ prayer was not so much an act as an atmosphere, in which He lived and moved and had His being, In every crisis of His life He spent hours, if not vllhole nights, in prayer. Not only in the desert temptation, which was entirely occupied, no doubt, in such holy communion; or in Gethsemane; but when about to choose His twelve apostles, and when the multitude would have made H,im a king, He retired into aloneness with God, and spread out His spirit before the Father, as Gideon spread out his fleece on the plain of Jezreel, to be filled with the heavenly dew.

-Arthur T. Pierson.

''In,IND LEADING THE BLIND" IN

Carrying an ~mage for Indians to worship in a Roman Catholic Festival in Guatemala The Indians of Central America BY REV. PAUL BURGESS, QUEZALTENANGO, GUATEMAT~A Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions W HEN the Spaniards under that intrepid leader, Hernando Cortez, came to Mexico and Central America, they found a . civilization not far inferior to that which they had known in Europe. But in the struggle which followed with the native Indian nations, the latter were at a great disadvantage in three principal respects: they had no firearms; they knew nothing of horses, and their armies could not stand against the superior organization and discipline of the Spaniards. The result was their defeat.

The Spanish conq~erors, whose lust for gold was tempered only by a religious fanaticism which did not shrink from all the horrors of the Inquisition, destroyed eompletely the political institutions of the Indians, reducing them to slavery or handing them over as "encomendados" to some Spanish grandee to be mercilessly exploited.

The efforts of the Spaniards were directed with equal zeal against the religious institutions and practices of the Indians. Sometimes by permission, as in the case of Las Casas, more often l~y force, as when Cortez demanded the teocalli in Mexico for Chris,iall 679

worship, or Alvarado massacred six hUlldred of the Indian aristoc- racy for no other crime than that of celebrating the religious festival of Huitzilopotchli, the old worship was stamped out as an organized cult and Roman Catholicism was established.

The sndden destruction of their gods and the sudden uprooting of their political and social life with the abject slavery which lowered them to the level of beasts of burden, broke the spirit of the Indian peoples. If to this we add the fact that they had not as yet devel- oped out of the tribal stage into racial C9nsciousness when the Span- iards came; and the further fact that the Indian mind seems to run along decidedly conservative lines and to be very slow to respond to outside influences, we shall have no difficulty in understanding the present situation of the Indian peoples of Mexico and Central Amer- lCa.

And what is their situation today¥ They still exist as a racial entity. They have survived the slavery to which they were submitted and the peonage system which grew out of this slavery. The more recent laws obliging all Indian children to attend school and learn the Spanish language are largely without effect. The land of the Indians has been taken from them again, but· somehow or other they always managed to buy it back again. They have taken over many of the arts and trades of their conquerors and have adopted the domestic animals the latter brought with them. They have even accepted outwardly the religion of their conquerors and yet their civilization is still as distinctly their own as on the day the Spaniards landed in Vera Cruz.

To a very large extent they have kept their blood pure. Their languages have survived and so have their costumes, their customs and their religion. They are one more eloquent tribute to the fact that brute force is impotent to change the soul or conquer the spirit.

Let us look a little more closely at the religious status of the Indian. The Catholic Church claims these people for herself. There are at least 1,000,000 Indians in Guatemala alone who do not speak Spanish as their native tongue. Most of them do not speak it at all and the rest have only a bare smattering of it. And yet there is not a single Catholic priest in the republic of Guatemala who speaks an Indian language. (This is vouched for by a Catholic priest in a statement to the writer of this article.) Most of the Indian villalSes are visited only once a year by their priest. His presence is the occasion for a drunken orgy in which men, women and children join. He sings mass in a language unknown to the Indians and if he preaches (which he rarely does) his sermon is in Spanish, and is understood by only a very few of his audience. He baptizes the Jast crop of children, gathers in his fees and then leaves the village strictly alone for the rest of the year. And during his absence the indigenous re-

THE INDIANS OF CENTRAL 'AMERICA

ligion, which since the freedom from Spain has enjoyed a certain liberty, holds full sway.

This is a pure nature worship. The sun is looked upon as the supreme god. The Indians refer to it as "our good father, the sun."

But every mountain or cave or waterfall has its local deity and there is a whole hierarchy of priests who have charge of the celebrating of the festivals, the offering of the libations, etc. These are called the " Alkine-reliwap" in the Catchiquel language, or the "sajurin" in Spanish. They pray for the restoration of health to the sick, for rain or good crops or the suc- cess of any enterprise in which their people are interested. Then there are the "Achitz" or "brujos" whose business it is to bring evil upon the enemies of their clients bv means of certain ceremonies, aI~d with the help of the deities whom they invoke, All these rites have ve~y elabor- ate ceremonies connected with them in which stone or clay images, black and white stones, red beans and various prepara- tions of food and incense are A POSSIJJII.ITY used. Since all temples were for- .Indian Boy ofc~y~~~all~~-::I~ h. become a bidden during the long Spanish domination these rites have come to be performed on altars hidden in the 'Woods or in dark caves or on the tops of high mountains, It is the general opinion of those who have studied the matter that the present day rites of the Indians are not a direct survival of the old religion. The Spanish rooted that out too well. What we have today is rather a new product, unconsciously built up out of many of the old elements but without organic connection with the original faith. However this may be, the Indians today cannot IJe justly called Catholics and much less Christians. They have no idea of even the simplest essentials of Christianity. For instance, "hat most strikes the Indian who hears the Gospei for the first timf! is tIll' t!lOu['bt of fll(, omniprer:mlCe of God and FllS loving p,:lrc for His children. This is l:'n idea tllCY ll,we never grasped till th(~y com'~ to the Gospel. I have heard converted Indians ('xclaim over and over again how wonderful it is to 1'I'aIize that God IS actually with th~m everywhere they go. This truth has come;c them as wonderful Good News.

In general, the Indian is still bound up in the circle of his own village. It is almost unheard of for an Indian to marry outside of

his own community. Each town has its distinctive costume, Ihany of them 'very quaint. The Indian's religion, or "costumbre" as he calls it, is intimrutely bound up with the community to which he belongs. It is very ha,l'd to get him to understand that he can still be an Indian and loyal to his people at the same time that he ~ccepts Jesus as the Saviour. Even among the converted Indians not lit few have come to the Gospel largely because they want to cease to be Indians. It cannot be said that we have really made a beginning at giving the Gospel to the Indian as such. And yet evangelical congregations of Indians are multiplying and native Indian evangelists are rising up to preach the Gospel to their people in their own tongue. Such success as has already been attained is largely due to one or another or a combination of three factors: First. The Liberal Governments are making every effort to teach the Indians Spanish. The few who learn it can read the Bible and other evangelical literature and then translate it into the language of their own people. In this way the absolute lack of evangelical literature in the native languages is to an extent overcome, but at the expense of making the Gospel appear exotic and a thing of the priviledged few who can read Spanish..

Second. The peonage system although it has not destroyed the Indian communities has stolen thousands of their hest sons from them. They are practical slaves on the coffee and sugar plantations, though they do not lose all connectioll with the ancestral home or the religion connected therewith. But on the plantations the restrictions of the village are largely broken down. There the Indian must work yith and for people of other modes of thinking and acting. He often hears and accepts the Gospel and then tells his people about it whr·u he goes home on a visit or when his free relatives come to visit him. I recently preached on a plantation where a group of "sajurines" were burning candles and" copal" at all the cross roads in the hope of curing. the typhus which was raging among their people. Our meeting place was also a corner·house and so the two services went on simultaneously. The witch doctors got through with theirs first and decided to enter our meeting, saying that they understood that we too adored the Great Spirit, and would we be so kind as to unite our prayers to theirs for the health of their tribesmen. Such a thing could never have happened in the village from which they came. Peonage and the plantation made it possible.

Third. More and more the governments are forcing the well-todo Indians, whom peonage does not touch, into military sernce. Here too they are forced out of their narrow local circle and ·come into contact with other people, and as there is rarely a garrison without at Jeast one zealous evangelical in it, they hear the Gospel. One of our finest Indian believers, who stands at the head of a church of 105

THE INDIANS OF CENTRAL AMERICA

SIGNS OF PROMISE; IN GUATE;MAT.A 'l'hree Indian Converts-Widow a.nd Two Children of a famous Indian Witch Doctor members today ano an evangelical r;ommunity of at least ·500 Rouls was ('onverted while in military s~rvice.

l'Jvangelical Christianity, when once accepted by the Indian is followed most heartily. Idols are thrown away, vice is forgotten and wonderful zeal is manifested. The Indian, oppressed and treated as a beast of burden, is nevertheless a scion of a noble race and capable of great things, among them gratitude. Four days a.go I ,VHS in an Indian home, when suddenly the father embraced me very warmly and said, "'Ne can never thank you enough for coming to give us the knowledge of the Gospel. Formerly we did not know the loving Father and served our idols in drunken debauch. Now we love and trust Him. We used to hate the Indians of other tribes and above all the foreigners. Now we know there are brothers in Christ among all peoples. Oh, thank you for coming!"

In order to meet the needs of the Indian populations, and to evangelize them, missionary stations should be immediately established in stategic points. At least two evangelistic foreign missionaries should be located in each of the principal tribes to.learn the language of the tribe and to dedicate their lives to that tribe. In Guatemala a1011e this would mean two missiomH'~f's each for UH:~ 1T nm, Cat0hitI11(·I,

Quiche .and Chol tribes. These evang£'listie rrtissionaries should serve as pioneers, and as they come into close con'taet with the people and learn to understand their problems and their characteristics, they will discover what industrial, medical and educational work would be most effective. An adequate program of missionary work for the Indians should include these branches, for unless the Indian is raised industrially and educationally, and unless he learns how to care for his body he will continue to be exploited by his Spanishspeaking neighbors and will always remain virtually a slave. These people have wonderful possibilities but Christ Diust redeem the Indians, body, mind and soul.

AN INDIAN ON ANEW TRAIL Chief Manitowog, a full-blooded Siwash, Indian. from Washington State, came to New York in 1914 to act in the Hippodrome, having lived all the sixty-five years of his life without any knowledge of Christianity, doing only as he pleased. Soon he was arrested, tried and sentenced to eighteen months in Sing Sing for carrying a concealed weapon. As he was leaving the Tombs, the prison chaplain gave him a Bible, which was faithfully read, and before long, the Indian became a Christian. His Bible was his constant companion for the eighteen months spent in Sing Sing. It was marked according to a system of his own, and so continuously has it been used that recently he brought it to tge American Bible Society to be rebound. A few days after he received his Bible, as. good as new, he sent the following letter to the Bible Society: My d()llr Sir :-1 am mailing to you these five dollars out of my own earnings to want nothing but for the good works ye people doing for our Great Jehovah and the Saviour Jesus Christ by sending the precious Book Bible from pole to pole among the very savage, of this world. It is really best works in the world, and the Gospel of Jesus must be reached to the very utmost parts' of the worM among all the nations and tribes. And I thank to my God, that His Gcospel reached my heart to the very spot where it should be touched, that to-day I am a new-born man in every way. Your great Bible which was sent to me while I was behind prison bars for eighteen months, entirely changed my life. It caused me to lead a better and happier life than I did for sixty-five years, and I thank and praise the Lord for this wonderful change in my life. I wish the American Bible Society prosperity and great success, and may our God bless all ye people who are interested in the Lord and His works.

Thank you very much for the good work ye have done to my eternal and everlasting friend that Holy Bible, and I feel so proud every time I have it in my hand.

I remain yours a sincere friend in Jesus, CHIEF MANITOWOC.

SHALL BE THEIR FUTURE CONDITION?

A Kindergarten lfclting Pot in Hawaii-Chinese, Japanese, Koreans, Indians, Portuguese, A merican, Mixed The Present Conditions in Hawaii BY REV. GEORGE L. CADY, D. D" NEW YORK Secretary of the American Missionary Association T HE modern tourist considers it all in a day's work or pleas- ure to secure a berth in a Pullman, roll for five days over the American prairies, secure a more comfortable berth on a steamer and for five or six days plow his way through the · tran- quil Pacific until the wonderful sight of Diamond Head salutes his approach to the "Islands of Paradise" or Hawaii Islands. But the little group of men and women who were ordained in Goshen, Con- necticut, in October, 1819, given a farewell in old Park Street, Bos- ton, and then embarked for a tempestuous passage around Cape Horn, after six months coming iIi sight of that marvellous slope of the Island of Hawaii covered now with sugar cane and cofi'ee- these must have had bold hearts.

The story of the triumphant progress of missionary work in those islands has already been told in these pages. Themissio.naries completed their task of establishing Christianity and withdrew fifty years ago, but others of the white race came and introduced dis- – eases and conditions that have caused the noble race of Hawaiians 68S

almost to disappear. NoW" there are more than 25,000 of the pure Hawaiians and proba1>iy:'not more than the same number of the mixed HaJwaiians, whereas when Captain Cook came in 1788 it is estimated ·that there were 300,000; and when the missionarie~ came there were probably about 200,000.

The problem which chal- lenges Christianity, today in Hawaii is very different from that which confronted the first mIsSIOnaries. 'l'oday the travel- er's most vivid impression is that he is in an Oriental land, sur- rounded with the customs and costumes of the Orient. Every- where one encounters the re- splendent kimonos and the Japa- nese feet shuffling in the getas; everywhere are seen the pictur- esque, trousered Chinese women and girls, with their graceful movements; everywhere -one hears Oriental jabbering under the ",rindow in the morning and in the market place during the day. In the hotels and homes the food is cooked and served by Oriental hands; clothes are washed by an Oriental laundress; your auto is driyen by an Oriental chauffeur; your garden truck is grown by Oriental farmers; flow- ers that grace your table are pro- duced by an Oriental florist or tended by an Oriental gardener. A FUTURE AMERICAN CITIZEN If Hawaii can supply the world Japanese Kindergarten Child in Hawaii with 1,100,000,000 pounds of sugar, with 1,300,000 pounds of rice and with 3,700,000 cases of the juciesf pineapples that sun and soil ever grew, this practically is the result of Oriental brawri.

According to the last census this Oriental population is divided IS follows: Korean, 5,,000; F'ilipino, 20,000; Chinese, 22,250; J ap- . UlH'Se, 107,000. The Japanese are increasing by excess of birth over death at the rate of nearly 5,000 per year. Consul Moroi assured me that he believed there were at the present time nearly 120,000 Japanese in the Islands. That would mean that they have four times as many as any ()j:her race.

PRESENT CONDITIONS IN HAWAII

ONE OF THE FORCES OPERATING AGAINST CHRIST IN HAWAII The New Buddhist $100,000 Temple jn Honolulu, Hawaii The Japanese form the one industrial problem, even as they are the one industrial asset. The report of the Sugar Plantation Association shows that in 1918 there were 25,000 Japanese on the plantations, while the total number of all workers there was only 45,000. After Japanese immigration had ceased, as the result of the "Gentlemen's Agreement" between America and Japan, the attempt was made to supply the labor demand with Filipinos, Port- " ugmse, Porto Ricans and Koreans, but it is the testimony of the plantation managers that the Japanese are hy far the best workers –more industrious,more moral, more thrifty and more cleanly than any of these other nationalities.

But the particular problem which we face in Hawaii is polit- ical. The right of franchise is inherent to every child born uuder the flag, and there will be enough Japanese with the ballot in their hands in ten or fifteen years, to control the politics of the Hawaiian Islands. This menace has been accentuated during this past year by the political history which Japan has been making in Shantung, Korea and Siberia. It is difficult for the broadest charity to shut the eyes to what the military party of Japan is doing-a party which learned its lesson at the feet 'of the Prussian. The Ha- waiians are not easy at heart, for if they fear the Japanese from without they are .no less un- certain about the Japanese from within. In case of conflict, will they be Americans or Japauesef One could feel easy on that score as one goes through the splendid public schools founded on Christ- ian ideals, for of the 34,343 pupils in the schools in 1918, 15,101' were Japanese, arid one has much faith in the Americanization which that mill furnishes. However, most of these same Japanese pupils are put. through the Jap- anese schools both before and after the regular school hours, A CHRISTIAN FORCE IN HAWAII and many of these-perhaps a Rev. Akaika AkanaHo~~1~1~ Kawaihao Chl1rch, majority-are in the hands of the Buddhist priests• .This is part of a thoroughly organized world-wide r~vival of Buddhism on the part of the Japanese. The propaganda is well organized and well financed, by either the Japanese government or the Buddhist priesthood of the homeland. There are now eighty Buddhist temples, and about the same number of priests in the -Islands, and in Honolulu they have built a temple costing $100,000.

It seemed to me I saw a temple, small or large, being dedicated, every day while I was there. Buddhism, so far as the J 8ipanese is concerned, is not so much a religion as a political cult; it is thoroughly Japanizing. Last year a serious persecution broke out against all Christian Japanese by the Buddhists ; men lost their business, their friends, their work, their social standing, and yet

almost to a man and woman they stood firm for their chosen faith. These desperate methods are the exact measure of the Buddhist's fear of inevitable defeat. rrhere is no more heartening sight than to see these thousands of boys and girls in the public schools, unless it be to go out to the Christian schools and see the still higher influences thrown around these children of the Far East. If vou turn to the Christian churches, it is hard to find a more splen'did lot of people than the Japanese pastors and those among whom they work. No less thrilling is it to go into one of the Chinese ONE OF THE ANTI-CHRISTIAN INFLUENCES FROM AMERICA 'l'he New Moormon Temple ill Oahu, Hawaii churches, where those keenest of all intellectual people are gathered for the Gospel message. One does not need to make any comparisons,-both these groups are equally strong and the very hope of the Islands' future. One could speak with equal fervor of the w8rk among the Koreans by the Methodist body, and work among all classes by the Episcopalians-though naturally not as extensive, for 1he Hawaiian Evangelical Board is the heir to the century of investment of the American Board, and they truly embody the best of their ideals.

During last summer a significant and triumphant visit waf' made to the churches of the Islands by Rev. Paul M. Kanamori, the famous "Moody of Japan." Every effort was made by the

Japanese priests to prevent the people from attending, but American advertising methods were adopted, and an aeroplane dropp€d down on the Japanese quarters dodgers printed in Japanese' announcing the services. As a result the churches were filled and literally hundreds of Buddhists were converted.

The Hawaiian Board is just now in the midst of its grE'at Centennial celebration, as a part of which the churches are raising a fund of $400,000 this year for endowment, their share of tlw Interchurch World Movement. ThE' Methodists have already raised theirs and laid enlarged plans for most aggressive work. No finer ,,'ark is bE'ing done in any mission field than here, with splendid evangelical zeal, high educational ideals and problems which c11;,Ilenge every Christian to his very utmost. They are facing the greatest strain in their history, and it is not only for the ':o;avillg of souls but the saving of America. Who' knows but that we shall build up a training school there, wherein shall be prepared f'om{' of the besi missionaries for the Asiatic homeland' In this hernie service they have a right to expect the most loyal l'mpport of all {he mainland churches.

'e A CHRISTIAN'S MESSAGE I believe in God, Maker of heaven and earth, the Almighty Father who loves us all and who seeks sinful men for His fellowship and obedience.

I believe in Jesus Christ, the Revealer of God, Himself God, in "hose life and death we see working the heart of the Eternal. I believe that Jesus is also the Revealer of man, and that in Him we see what men must strive to be and the life they must strive to live.

I believe in Jesus Christ, through whose sacrifice on Calvary there is forgiveness for all who truly repent and turn to God. I believe that Jesus rose from the dead and lives, the present Saviour -of sinners, and that through His Church of true believers God is working out His program in the world.

I believe in the Holy Spirit of God, given to all who belicYe, to equip them for holy living and victorious service.

I believe that all men were made in the image of God, who hates tyranny and cruelty, and all exploiting of the weak.

I believe in the glory of sacrifice for righteQllsness' sake, in the supremacy of the will of God in every detail of life; in the blessing of work, in the obligation to develop our gifts, in the call of God's ideal.

I believe in the righteous government of God, in the sure judgment of sin, and in the final triumph of right.

I believe that there is perfect life and service hereafter for all "ho turn to God through Jesus Christ.

Adopted froni the Australian 1lltercoilegiull.

Maoris of Nev Zealand

BY EUGENE STOCK, D. C. L.

– Formerly Secretary of the Church Missionary Society, London .

O NE huudred years ago Australia was not a prosperous and vig- orous self-governing commonwealth. It was little more than a convict station, to which British courts of justice "transport-· ed" men and women convicted of crime. There was a chaplain for them named Samuel Marsden, a devoted minister of Christ, who for half a century, faithfully labored among his difficult and unpromis- ing flock. Moreover, his heart yearned, not only over them, but over the aboriginal tribes inhabiting the Australian "bush" and the Polynesian Islands. He much helped the missionaries sent out from England for the various island groups in the South Pacific.

But in due course his sympathies were more particularly drawn out towards the Maori people of New Zealand, some of whom ap- peared from time to time in Australia, having come over, or been bronght over, in occasional trading vessels. He· obtained a littlp, band of artizans from England, to go to them and try to plant a mission among them. But how were they to get across those thon- sand miles of stormy sea 1 By the trading vessels? But these would not go to what were called "the Cannibal Islands," becanse a British ship had been wrecked there, and her officers and crew had bef'T1 killed and eaten by the savages. .

Three or four years passed away before Marsden could carry out his plan. Then at last he himself purchased a small vessel of 110 tons, and started, with the artizans and their wives and chil- dren, and certain Maori chiefs who had come over with e.ncouraging lJIvitations. The strange condition of South Sea society at the time may be gathered from the composition of the scratch crew he ,goot together: one Englishman, one Irishman, one Prussian, one Swede, one Norwegian, one American, one Maori, two Tahitians, one Ha- waiian and one white colonist! Very different are the mail steamer>'

today! The party landed in December, 1814, and on Christmas Day ~larsden preached to a large gathering of Maori chiefs and warriors -interpreted by a chief 'Who had learned some English in Australia -on the angel's words on thr, night Jesus Christ was born, "Behold, I bring you good tidings of great joy." It was one of the great historic scenes, not merely of the development of the British Em- pire, but of the e~tension of civilization over the world.

Marsden had soon to go back to Australia to his oWn work but he left the artizans in New Zealand. Six times in, the next twentv years did he again visit the islands; so he crossed those thousand miles of tempest-tossed sea fourteen times. Meanwhile, other mission- 691

aries went out, notably the brothers Henry and William Williams, of the Church Missionary Society, and Samuel Leigh, of the Wesleyan: Mission. These were, in fact, the real evang~lists of the Maori race; yet Marsden well deserves the title of the Apostle of New Zealand. Before his last visit in 1837 thousands of Maoris had come under Christian instruction, and hundreds had been baptized into the Chris,tian Church. Charles Darrwin, journeying round the world as a young naturalist in the ship Beagle, then on its famous voyage in the interest of science, wrote of what he saw, "The missionary's .lesson is the enchanter's wand."

Fifty-two years after the establishment of the British Colony, I entered a beautiful bay amid small islands, and saw in front of me the fine city of Auchland rising on the picturesque hill-sides. As we came nearer to the pier, I could see handsome buildings, telegraph posts, tram-cars, and other signs of modern civilization. This was one fruit of Samuel Marsden's faith and courage! Well does his memory deserve the granite cross that now stands near the spot where he preached that first memorable sermon, erected, not by white coloriists, but by Maori Christians. In the beautiful cathedral of the Church of England, I had the privilege of telling a large congregation the story of t1?eir own pr03perous Colony-a new story to many of them.

Henry and William Williams, two of the most prominent missionaries, went out before there was one convert, and they lived to see almost the whole Maori nation professing Christianity. The aged widow of William Williams, who went out with her husband in 1825, welcomed me in New Zealand, as a representative of the missionary society of which he had been so honoured a member. Her son, Leonard Williams, who was baptized in infancy· in 1829, along with the first Maori children received into the Church, was a veteran missionary, the Bishop of Waiapu, and welcqmed me to his house. The descendants of the two original brothers have become a large family; and have exercised great and beneficial influence in the Colony. A grandson of William Williams was engaged in training Maori students for the sacred ministry. It was a striking illustration of the power-of the Gospel that more than eighty of that once cannibal race have been ordained in the Anglican Church and many others in other churches. Maoris now hold a respected place in the Legislature of New Zea- ' land; a Maori contingent fought in the recent World War, and the leader of their war-dance was a graduate of New Zealand University and wrote "M. A.; L. L. D." after his name.

There is a fine school or college for the sons of Maori chiefs, supported by themselves and preparing to work' for the elevation of their race, socially and morally.

Mexican Revolution and

BY REV. G. B. WINTON. NASHVILLE. TENNESSEE I N THE course of Mexico's history the shifting of political control has usually been from the Conservative to the Liberal party, or the reverse. The country's rather numerous revolutions have therefore been either the assertion of their historic domination, on the one hand, by those elements which are opposed to free speech, a free press, public education and liberty of worship, or, on the other, the powerful reaction against those forces of a people strongly bent on popular government, with all which that term implies. The army, always venal and corruptible, the victim itself of a vicious system, has too often been the tool of the party of privilege. And that group, though small, has, since colonial days, had command Df the country's vast resources.

The overthrow of the liberal Carranza government was not, fortunately, a return to the old conservative control. The men who have accomplished it are men of Carranza's own party. Some of. those who took part do advocate a repudiation of the constitution ·of 1917, but only in the interest of a return to that of 1857. This latter is the Juarez constitution, which for more than sixty years has been looked upon as the bulwark of libeml and democratic principles. Its adoption and promulgation in tue middle of the nineteenth century marked the final downfall of the reactionaries, though the conflict with them continued for another decade. Their representatives seem to have had no active part in promoting this last change of regime.

Next in possibilities of damage to religious work would be a prolongation of internecine strife. This also has apparently been avoided. The people generally were not interested in this movement. It was a coup d' etat, a cuartelazo, an overthrow of the government by the army. This military uprising was so well organized and so general that it was instantly successful. The people did not have time to become divided or to nurse their resentments. No doubt the popular surprise-which was absolute-was mixed with a good deal of anger at seeing the civil institutions of the country made the football of ambitious politicians and an immoral soldiery. But the people of Mexico have so often seen their preferences rudely set aside that they have grown accustomed to it. They are weary of armed strife, and their temper is ever docile and submissive.

Not only was the regular army quite won over to the new revolution-it is always, unfortunately, quite too ready for any kind of a disturbance-but most of the rebels and bandits have also 693

been conciliated. The few that remain in the field were already so completely outlawed that they cannot now serve as a nucleus for adherents of Carranza. Without that reenforcement they can hardly assume importance. It is likely that the new government will deal drastically with them. Being essentially military it is in a position to handle well the problem of policing.

The fact that there has been a minimum of bloodshed and disorder is at bottom a tribute to the Carranza Government. That administration had placed the country in an independent position financially. It had also given sway to the development of a strong and sane public opinion. Freedom of the press was not a myth. Vigorous and independent papers have formed and molded a public sentiment of which political leaders are· obliged to take note. Already the people have borne about all they will submit to. The leaders of the revolution have not dared to engage in bloody reprisals. At the time of this writing they are joining in the universal chorus of denunciation which has risen over the cowardly.assassination of the deposed President. Moreover they do not dare go to war among themselves. There will be virtually only one candidate for the presidency.

With the country at peace and a government in undisputed control and committed to liberal· and progressive principles, the missionary forces may look for the continuing of those favorable conditions which have so notably marked the last two or three years. Never before was the situation so attractive. The revolutionary movement begun in .1910 profoundly stirred the people of Mexico. It is among the poor and the ignorant in every country that the missionary finds his largest constituency. These masses of the Mexican people felt that that uprising was their revolution. Beginning with Madero every leader has appealed to them, held out promises to them, sought their approval and support. They have been aroused to new hope and expectation. Their hopes have been in a large measure disappointed. They long for help, for enlightment, for relief, especially from their ignorance. The educational work of the churches wins their hearts. Later they find out also how much of strength and of consolation can be drawn from the gospel. Economically they are better off than before. They are now better able to sustain their churches and their schools. Labor unions, political leaders, current papers appeal to their opinions and seek their support. A strong and growing middle class is emerging from among them. It is sympathetic with their aspirations and largely friendly to Protestantism. Indeed, a considerable proportion of that class are Protestants.

In the government of Mr. Carranza a great many of these men found employment. This was not because they were of one religion or another. The government was seeking efficiency, and making use

THE MEXICAN REVOLUTION AND MISSIONS

of it wherever found. It is but simple truth to say that the training supplied by the Protestant schools and churches ministers to efficiency. It supplies both the intellectual and moral basis for good citizenship. President Carranza paid no attention to the personal views of the men who cooperated with him. So long as they were effective public servants and of liberal political sympathies, their religious preferences made no difference to him. And he found some of his best collaborators among the young men whom the evangelical schools had trained, many of them having completed that training by a term of study in the United States, made possible to them by their church connections.

On the side of the missions themselves the adjustment of zones of responsibility, completed in 1917, and now more adequate in Mexico than in any other field of equal size, came at the opportune moment. It met a new and noteworthy popular support of missionary work. Schools and churches have been thronged the last few years as never before. Even the Roman Catholic leaders in Mexico are taking note of the vigor of Protestantism and urging their own people to greater zeal. This is a good symptom. Competition, if it can be kept out of the realm of persecution, will prove wholesome. The prevailing religion in Mexico has long been marked by apathy and formalism.

The value of the Protestant work has been shown, as suggested above, by its contribution of able young men to the public service, as well as by the development of a stronger middle class and a vigorous public sentiment. Much yet remains to be accomplished. The helplessness of a great people in the hands of a small army betrays Mexico's need of training. The country is in danger of becoming the victim also of selfish exploiters, native and foreign, who are scheming day and night to get control of its wonderful resources·. Its only safety is in the enlightenment of its people. They must be brought up to a level where they will be competent to protect themselves.

Now is the opportunity for those of our own people who really wish Mexico well. While our cynical journalists jeer and our greedy capitalists scramble for spoil, the Christian forces of this great land should be instant with their service. The one thing which the country needs, as is manifest on the most cursory view, is Christian education.. Mexico has had too much of soldiers and of military rule already. A foreign soldiery, especially, would greatly add to her troubles. She would be forced to fight them, and she does not wish more war. She would have to become the enemy of the United States, whereas she longs to be our friend. Let us act the friendly part too. We never have done any worth while or creditable thing in helping Mexico with her educational problem. Yet she is our nearest neighbor.

Breath of God in Dark

BY A HEBREW CHRISTIAN F OR three years a cloud of thick darkness has covered Russia like a pall, and from out of that darkness there have come re- ports 80 alarming that not a few have wondered if anything good would ever again take root in that blood-drenched soil. Yet all the time flowers of God's planting, that no winds could kill, have been springing up here and there. In the midst of persecution the Church of God has renewed its strength, and in many parts of the land evangelical Christian communities have sprung up and flour- ished.

One of the most remarkable of these communities is the Hebrew Christian Church at Kiev which came into existence in 1917 and survived many alarming vicissitudes. Its genesis forms a signifi- cant footnote to spiritual history. In 1917, Mr. Peter Goroditch, a Hebrew Christian missionary who had labored at Grodno and at Homel, where he opened a refreshment hall for starving Jewish refugees, was forced to move to Kiev. Being near the front, that fown was overcrowded with panic-stricken refugees and offered an ahnost unique opportunity for Gospel witness. Mr. Goroditch found a small Hebrew Christian nucleus-three or four families and a few single individuals-who eagerly hailed his coming. He obtained a house with a mission hall and soon services were in full swing. The subjects were announced in the newspapers and by means of placards and in spite of nationalist and orthodox Jewish opposition the hall was crowded week by week. At the end of a year's faithful work the usual steps were taken to procure the necessary Government sanction which would enroll the congregation among publicly acknowledged religious bodies. After much prayerful tl.ought, a declaration of principles and confession of faith was drawn up, submitted to the authorities, endorsed by them, and in June, 1918, the little community received public sanction, being accorded more privileges than those enjoyed by the Russian Lutherans.

This result was due in part to the warm friends which the movement had won among leading men including a member of the Ukrainian Cabinet, the President of the Russian Student Christian Movement, and one or two jurists. M. KruP+lov, a famous lawyer, acted as the honorary legal representative before the Government authorities, while the presiding magistrate was extremely friendly and expressed the hope that the congregation would spread throughout Russia.

The movement made rapid progress. Members of various .evangelical churches sought its fellowship as associates, full memlbership being restricted to Hebrew Christians. A wave of interest 696 among the Jews for miles around led to service being started at other centers in the neighborhood. In 1918, however, just when it seemed as if the fruit of faithful labor was to be gathered in, the Germans entered Kiev and the workers received notice to leave the premises within an hour and a half. For five weeks Mr. Goroditch tried in vain to secure a suitable lodging for himself and family, and at last they had to put up at a hotel, the services being carried on meanwhile in the University auditorium. This arrangement proved far from satisfactory since the meetings could not be effectually advertised, and only a small number of people knew that the work had been resumed. With Kiev thronged to its utmost capacity and lodgings almost unobtainable, the difficulties seemed insurmountable. A way was opened, however, when Mr. Goroditch's sister who, although a Jewess, is in sympathy with her brother, consented to sell her share of a property they held jointly and to lend the proceeds to secure a permanent home for the Mission. A house was obtained and when the alterations were completed, including a hall to seat 250 persons, the work was in full swing once more.

By this time the revival of spiritual interest which had begun some months before was at its flood tide. The churches in the district were crowded to the doors, and a spirit of earnest enquiry was spreading among all classes. The J !'lWS in and about Kiev were profoundly affected, and every week enquirers from the Provinces came to the mission hall, attracted by the newspap~r advertisements. Sometimes litt~e commissions of enquiry, consisting mostly of young people, came to "spy out the land," and Mr. Goroditch's hospital home was thronged with guests most of the time.

The attitude of the press has been exceedingly friendly, and many of the Russian clergy have visited the services or directed Jewish enquirers to them. Bishop Lavrov, who recently seceded from the Russian Orthodox Church, was profoundly impressed by the meetings, and it was through his visit that he first came to the conclusion that the Russian Church does not give Christ to the people. His interesting pamphlet "Why I left the Church" contains several references to this. Another book by this remarkable man, entitled "Among the Christian Churches," recording the impressions of his spiritual wanderings, is dedicated "to the memory of a service in a Hebrew Christian Church," where he saw the early Christian fellowship re·lived in the twentieth century. It is this apostolic community life which impresses the people of Kiev and extorts homage even from enemies. The purity and simplicity of life and the loving, brotherly spirit which prevails among the members attract many whom theological controversy would Rntagonize.

The work of Mr. Fagans, one of Mr. Goroditch's assistants, is especially interesting on account of his grip upon young members of the Jewish intelligentia. Having studied law at the Uni-

versities of Petrograd and Berlin, and graduated with high honors, Mr. Fagans was raised to the judge's bench at the outset of his career. Baptized as a Lutheran, he cast in his lot with the RusE';ian Baptists, and worked among students under the late Baron Nicolai. As his spiritual life deepened, his professional prospects ceas'ed to appeal to him. He fell to wondering whether a Christian could be a judge at law, and seemed to hear his life ring hollow. He finally abandoned his legal career and resolved to devote himself wholly to God's service. Following what he believed to be a divine call, he traveled south, came to Kiev and fell in with the mission. He made many friends among influential Jews and felt that here was an open door. He was able to bring many members of the best Jewish society to the meetings, and joyfully associated himself with Mr. Goroditch. His influence among students is eE'lpecially remarkable, and he has gathered a fine body of earnest young men and women round the mission, infusing new vigor into the Hebrew-Christian "Jugenbund" (Young People's Fellowship), and bringing a tide of joyous energy into the life and work of the whole congregation.

The Church of God puts forth her greenest shoots in timM of darkness and persecution, and the Hebrew Christian congregation at Kiev is one more witness to the fructifying power of tribulation. It is emphatically the child of evil times. Since its foundation, Kiev has been under thirteen different governments. Ten times the town was in a state of siege, four times battle actually raged in the streets. Twice shells fe~l upon the mission house, and on one of these occasions the inmates had an almost miraculous escape.

Set in the midst of a breathless, bleeding, sorely oppressed land, where murder is an every day occurrence and human beings-especially if they happen to be Jews-go about with terror-stricken eyes in fear of violence or death, where famine reigns and the barest necessities of life are unattainable luxuries, Mr. Goroditch and his colleagues are living and working in unconquerable faith, and God is honoring their trust in Him. Their need is great-an ordinary suit of clothes, to mention only one item, costs from 6,000 to 7,000 roubles in Russia today-and the work could not have been Carried on but for the sacrifice of Mr. Goroditch and his sister in selling their property.

Mr. Goroditch has recently returned from a visit to England in search of help for his work. His previous acquaintance with Mr. Landsman brought him into contact with the Hebrew-Christian Testimony to Israel, and, since the two missions are based. upon the same principles, Mr. David Baron has brought Mr. Goroditch into the service of the London Mission, and in the future the work at Kiev will be carried on under the auspices of the Hebrew Christian Testimony to Israel.

An Assyrian

BY MRS. W. P. ELLIS, FORMERLY OF URUMIA, PERSIA A LMAS was a captive of the Turks, following the "Flight" of the Assyrians. Her husband is a prominent Assyrian Christian dentist, who was obliged to flee for his life, leaving his wife . and children behind with supposedly friendly Moslem neighbors. Almas' unusual beauty and attractiveness greatly increased her peril, and caused her to be hunted from one hiding place to another. With God's help she made her escape and tells the following story of the ·sufferings she endured.

"My husband returned from the villages, where he had been sent to carry relief, the night before the 'Flight.' At about three o 'clock the following morning we were awakened by a loud knock- ing at the gate. My husband dressed quickly and went out to see who it was. Without a thought of fear I went to sleep again, think- ing it was someone with a bad toothache. Suddenly I was awakened by my husband's voice telling me to arise quickly and prepare for flight. We put my husband's dentist chair, medical instruments and heavy things in our cart and sent them to a Moslem 'friend.' Then my husband asked me whether I would rather flee or remain with one of my Moslem friends. The thought of the fearful journey in the heat with my little ones led me to decide to stay, so with our three children, aged five years, three years and the nine months old baby, we went to the home of a friend whom we had kept in our house for three months while the Armenians were molesting the Moslems. The Moslem made many promises to my husband, and his last words before my husband left were: 'Be assured, doctor, that save by killing me no one can trouble your family.'

"From eleven 0 'clock until half past two I heard dreadful cries of women and children, and learned they came from the French Mission Yard, where the Moslems had begun ~ great massacre. I also learned that the family of the 'friend' with whom we had taken refuge were staying at the Mission Yard to enjoy the massacre.

"After the first great carnage of murder was over the Turks came into the city. The next morning I was about to give breakfast to my little ones when the gate knocked and Ismael Khan (our Mos- lem friend) arose and said: 'Almas Khannum, if they come, say you have become a Moslem.' Then he ran up a ladder, and we were left helpless. I knelt down with my children and promised God that with His help I would not say that I had become a Moslem. I had hardly finished when I heard footsteps, and the children began to scream. I told them I was sure Jesus had heard our prayer. Five Turkish officers strode into the room and asked who we were. I calmly re- plied that I was a Christian. Then they informed me that they were (f)9

hunting Christian men and that if they should find one hidden in the house they would kill the children and me. They sought thoroughly, looked over our belongings and left without taking anything. I knew I was to face more scenes like that, but for the children's sake I offered up prayers and then assured them that God would keep us, as He had done before. Three more parties came, asking the same questions and leaving without touching our goods; but the next party frightened me very much. They cried: "See r Thel'B is a kachakh's wife and her little dogs. Kill without mercy r'

"One of the officers held a pistol to mY,head saying, " 'Show me where the devil is or you die.' "Again with a calmness that was the gift of God I told them they could search for themselves. This they did with no success, and when they returned they said to the Moslem, 'Why don't you kill them~'

"I said to them-'You know that Dr. Baba Khan has not wronged anyone. How can you wish to kill us l' They found the medicines I had brought for the children and divided them among themselves, after which the officer came toward me the second time with his pistol and said: 'Give me money or I shoot.' I frankly told him that I had no money about me, and finally they said they would come again at five 0 'clock when I must have twenty tomans for them. They seemed in a hurry to search the neighborhood for food, and left us, much to my surprise.

"I had only one way that I thought we might be saved. I wrote a note to Dr. Packard, asking him to send for us. We waited patiently for an answer, not knowing that he too was a prisoner. A few minutes later another party came. One of them drew out his pistol and put it to my head, asking persistently for gold. After he had been assured we had none he searched a while and left. Fifteen minutes passed and we began to feel a iittle at rest, when we saw a Moslem with a shaved head come down from a roof straight to the room where we were. He said: 'I am going to take you to my home and then you must marry me.'

"I had received no word from Dr. Packard and something must be done quickly. I took a pillow, some of my baby's clothes, a thin quilt and some food and started for the yard where were the remnants of my people left unmassacred. On the way a Moslem woman tried to take off my baby's clothes. In the yard, what a sight met my eyes r Women and children had been brought from the French Mis- sion naked, dirty, covered with the blood of their own relatives. They seemed to think I had brought bread for them, and rushed upon me in such a mad way that my children began to cry. The air was thick and dreadful, and in desperation I asked a Turkish officer to find a place for us. Some Moslems looking on said: 'Never

19201 ALMAS, AN ASSYRIAN MOTHER

mind. Let them sit on each other.' In the meantime a woman who knew us brought us out into another yard where I could sit down and divide my bread and quiet my children. Of course, I could only feed a few of the most hungry.

"Five minutes later the commander told everyone to follow him. Then most of the women lost their children in the confusion that followed. We were driven like cattle into a larger yard. One little boy about eleven or twelve years old was badly wounded and could not walk as fast as the rest of us. So they whipped him and made him run, and the poor little fellow fell every few steps. He must have died that day for I saw no more of him.

"When we reached the next house I found Esther, wife of Rabi David, with her mother, her brother's wife and three children. Esther burst into tears and told me her brothers had been killed, although she had given all her money in an attempt to save them. She said they had had nothing to eat since the day before. I gladly gave them three sheets of my lawas. Seeing this the crowd began to press upon me for some, and I divided all I had among them; but on looking I found still two sheets left, and I thought of Christ feeding the five thousand.

"Soon afterward I found that the Turks were planning to carry off every good looking young woman that night, so Esther and her family and others got ready and started with us, not knowing what we were to face. Late in the evening we reached the hous~ of a Moslem, and when we saw his wife rocking a cradle we felt sure we would be safe there with our children. The wife welcomed us, and prepared supper for us all. We remained in this home for fifteen days. On the sixth day of our sojourn there I heard that a man by the name of Husein Guli Khan had gone to the house of the false friend who had first received us and had taken all our goods. Our new friends urged me to go at once to this other house and demand my goods, so I dressed as a Moslem woman and started off. I had gone only a short distance when I heard someone calling me, and frightened I turned and saw this false friend whispering to someone. A tall man told the servant accompanying me to go back, for I was to remain a prisoner. I fell on my knees and prayed, and suddenly as I prayed a feeling of peace came over me and a voice semed to say: 'Fear not daughter, I am with thee!' Just then a man came in and asked if I was Dr. Baba Khan's wife. When I replied that I was he said: 'This is a mistake. I will send some one to take you to your children.' When I got safely back and had my children in my arms I said, 'Never more will I care about things, so long as I have my little ones, and I will never leave them again.'

"After fifteen days our hostess told us it was necessary for her to go to the village and get her wheat, for if she did not do so at once the Turks would harvest it. Mter she left the house I could

stay there no longer, so we went to another friend and stayed there a few days, but some wicked Moslems found it out, and I was in great danger. Dreadful days followed, when we hid in great earthen Persian ovens, in box,es, in dark closets and damp cellars but they found me not! My strength was fast waning and my baby suffered greatly so that at last in desperation I went to my motherin-law. I began to have fever and fainting spells and could no longer nurse my little one. As there was no milk to be had for him he was about to die. My little three year old girl had become sick from fear, and would not say a word, but praise His Name, we all recovered without medicine, and even without sufficient nourishing food.

"Finally at the withdrawal of the Turks we came out of our hiding place and sought refuge with other remnants in the Presbyterian Mission Compound. There we stayed under protection for many months, many times in great fear of our lives, but God kept us. My husband had reached Tabriz from the South, and when Dr. Packard finally came over I returned with him to Tabriz. What a glad reunion we all had, a united and unbroken circle! God's mercy has been very great to us."

The Kennedy School of Missions* BY DEAN EDWARD WARREN CAPEN, Ph, D" HARTFORD, CON:';, D DRING the last two years there have been at the Kennedy School of Missions students preparing for service in Africa, who came from North Carolina and Georgia, from Kansas, Nebraska, Wisconsin, Iowa, Oklahoma and Michigan, from Connecticut and even from Africa. Several had already seen service in Egypt and in Natal. The new recruits were destined for Cairo, for Algiers, the Sudan, the Belgian Congo, Portuguese West Africa, British East Africa, Natal and Rhodesia. They represented four denominations–Methodist, United Presbyterian, Reformed Church in America and Congregational. These heterogeneous groups had been drawn to Hartford by the special courst)s provided by the School under such teachers as Profs. D. B. Macdonald, W. C. Willoughby and their associates. Other courses included lectures by Dr. H. Karl W. Kumm, on "Anthropo-Geography and the History of Christianity in Africa"; and "Native Life in Africa" by Mrs. Agnes C. L: Donohugh. ,These students also had an opportunity to study phonetics and the art of language acquisition, the Bible and Christian truths, psy<!hology, pedagogy, sociology, care of the health, etc, ,. The Kennedy School of Missions, named for the late Jobn Stewart Kennedy of New York, in whose memory Mrs. Kennedy gave the SchQol a liberal endowment, is essentially a graduate school.

19201 THE KENNEDY SCHOOL OF MISSIONS

Preparing for work in China is always a large China group studying under Prof. Lewis Hodous, D. D., formerly President of the Union Theological School at Foochow. Students of the problems of work for Moslems last year numbered seventeen, and came from various parts of the Mohammedan world, Egypt, Turkey, India and Malaysia. There were smaller groups for India (under Dr. Robert A. Hume) and Latin America. A special course for missionaries to Malaysia has been given by Rev. W. G. Shellabear, D. D., of Singapore.

APPARATUS IN THE PHONETICS LABORATORY, KENNEDY SCHOOL OF MISSIONS Students in the Kenn€dy School of Missions have the advantages of courses offered by the two affiliated schools, the Hartford Theological Seminary and the Hartford Sehool of Religious Pedagogy. Enrolment has increased from fourteen in 1911 to sixty during 1918-19. They have represented twelve or more of the mISSIOn Boards. The students always include missionaries on furlough, as well as candidates and appointees, and those who have attended the School are now laboring in all parts of the mission field. Thus the School is serving an international as well as an interdenominational constituency, and the mere presence of students from so many countries and churches is an important factor in the broadening and 8ducating influence.

The experience of the first eight years justified the Trustees in May, 1919, in plaeing the School of Missions upon a permanent basis, and the School stands ready to do its full share in training the lal'ge reinforcements for which the Churc}) is loudly calling.

A MOSL E M LAD WHO NEEDS

in Tunisia, North

BY A. V. LILEY, TUNIS Missionary of the North African Mission N ORTH Africa, long known as the Barbary States, or land of the Berbers, stretches from the Nile to the coast of Morocco and inland from the Mediterranean Sea to the Great Atlas Mountains.

The Berbers are probably of Hamitic extraction but their history is very obscure. They are superior to the Arab invader, being hardworking, patient, industrious, energetic; and if able to better his situation, the Berber will readily leave his mountain home to go elsewhere.

The Phoenicians, pushed on by their commercial instincts, went to Cyprus, Crete, the Greek archipelago and Sicily. About 800 B. C. they visited the coast of Tunisia and opened trade with the Lybians and eventually Carthage was founded.

The first mention of Christianity in Carthage is on the occasion when some young Christians were brought from the south to appear before the senate and be martyred in the amphitheatre. Perpetua, a young lady of noble birth and Felicita, a negress who became her sister in misfortune, were placed in nets and carried into the arena of the amphitheatre. A mad cow was set upon them and they were tossed several times, but were not gored to death. The heathen spectators, desiring to see their blood, called for their death, so a young gladiator entered the arena and dispatched them with his sword.

Notwithstanding these persecutions Christian bishoprics were founded, churches were built and converts increased. At Hippo, now known as Bone, Augustine carried on a successful work among the natives, traces of which may be found to this day among the Kabyles.

But the Church failed to carry out the great command of Christ and sects increased so that at the time of the Mohammedan invasion the Church had not the power to withstand her foes. The light was extinguished in North Africa by the Mohammedan invasion under Okba and the natives were forced to choose Islam or death. For over 1300 years Islam has held the natives in its power and until some 40 years ago, little was done to evangelize these people. Raymond Lull died a martyr for North Africa.

Islam professes to be based on five pillars, these being (1) the "Witness" to the unity of God and Mohammed the prophet of God, (2) Prayer, (3) Fasting, (4) Almsgiving, (5) Pilgrimage to Mecca. Islam is undoubtedly the most bitterly anti-Christian religion, for it denies the Fatherhood of God, the Deity and Sonship of the Lord Jesus (also His death). John 3 :16 is blasphemy tlO the Moslem.

70S

THE RUINS OF AN ANCIENT CHRISTIAN CHURCH ~l'he Byzantine Basi lica at Carthage, No.rth Africa The Bible is replaced by the Koran which is said to be "the last revelation and contains all man needs to know"-yet it contains no teaching of a Saviour, nothing of atonement and (J:lcpiation for sin, no mediator or intercessor.

It must not be thought that because the Moslem professes a great reverence for God and has His name constantly on his lips that his God is the God revealed by Christ. They look upon God as an almighty, irresponsible, arbitrary being.

The place given to women in the Koran is such that its teaching could not be accepted by any civilized or moral people. Mohammed said of them that "they are charming snares to believers. Ornamental articles of furniture, difficult to keep in order, pretty play things. "

Islam held undisputed sway in North Africa until the French occupation. Protection, liberty and justice were granted to those who had the heaviest purse.

In Tunisia there are five leading religions: Islam, which is divided into three schools of though't, the Hallifi, Meliki and Khoumsi. There is a large Negro colony, mostly from the banks of the Niger. They profess to be Moslems but practice many heathen rites. The Jews number some 50,000 in Tunis City. They are mostly ignorant of the Scriptures. There are also Roman Catholics and Greek churches as well as some 500 or more Protes'tants. Among the few

RELIGION IN: TUNISIA, NORTH AFRICA

Syrians are found some members of the Armenian and Maronite churches; These people all give evidence that all have !>inned and come short of the glory of God and have need to be born again. In too many instances the Roman Catholics, as well as the Moslems and the Jews, show that their superstitious practices begin in early life. As soon as a Moslem child is ushered into this world the roof of its mouth is rubbed with a powered plant called "Henna" and a charm is tied around its neck to ward off the effects of the evil eye. The Roman Catholics are equally superstitious about the evil eye and one frequently sees them wearing a piece of twisted coral as an antidote. Prayers and ceremonials are among all these people for the most part. All believe in the merit of doing good works, thus showing how all are far from the teaching 0'£ the Bible that man is not saved by his own works (Ephesians 2: 8, 9). These people are also alike in their opposition to the general study of the Bible, and in their intolerance towards those who do not follow their creed. There is no power to win them by allY other Gospel than that which proclaims Christ as the only Way, the Truth and the Life. We look foi'ward to the time when tne Crescent will give way to the Cross and when the errors of Mohammed will be swept awa~t by the truth. of the Gospel of OUI' Lord Jesus Christ.

HOW TUNISIANS DRIVE AWAY EVIL SPIRITS Silver Charms and Necklace Worn to Bring Blessing and Drive Away Evil

A Community Hut at Powers

BY COE HAYNE, NEW YORK T o PROVIDE a community cenlRr where fathers and mo.thers may meet on a common footing and where boys and girls may find a wholesome· outlet for all of their religious, social and physical impulses and where are provided comforts such as most of the homes in a logging camp lack-this was the purpose of the American Baptist Home Mission Society when it built its first wel- fare hut at Powers, Oregon. Here are moving pictures, the hos- AROUND THE FIREPLACE IN THE LUMBER CAMP COMMUNITY HOUSE pitable fireplace, the rest rooms, the magazine and game tables and the space for basketball and kindred indoor games ; also a community kitchen and a hanquet hall and a stage for amateur plays, debates and lectures. A community sing is held every Sunday night. The talking machine and the piano player are not allowed to remain idle. The shower baths for both men and women and the bedrooms for transient guests are not the least important among hut comforts. In one section of the building are the living quarters for the hut secretary and his family. This hut serves as a point of contact between the secretary and the men. It is not a church or a mission but is constructed and conducted for the purpose of bringing Christ to the men of t-he lumber camps.

708

Story of Paul Rader-Evangelist

An Autobiographical Sketch "Be not thou therefore ashmned of the testimony of our Lord . . . but be thou partaker of the afflictions of the Gospel according to the power of God; who hath saved us, and called us with an holy calling, not according to our works, bur according to His own purpose in grace, which was given us in Christ lesus before the ·world .began." (2 Timothy 1 :8, 9.) W RITTEN very clearly upon my mind is the memory of one night when I was a boy of nine years. My father was a Methodist missionary in Cheyenne, Wyoming, and a revival was in progress. A few soldiers from the nearby fort were at the altar and more grown folks, but no children except myself. Being the preacher's boy no one thought I needed to be talked to, and the service was nearly over before a dear man came to me and asked me some questions. But I found no peace. I arose and with a sad heart went home. When I was on my knees beside my bed, my father came in and in a simple way showed me that my sin was covered, forgiven and forgotten. The joy and peace that came to my young he3Tt as I _believed became my yard stick by which I was to measure God. He was thereafter my own Jesus, the Author of peace.

My father and I traveled together, while he preached to the men of the plains, hundreds of miles from any railroad. This experience gave my soul a :firm grasp of the simple Gospel. I never could forget his plain talks to the Indians, and his simple illustrations that made their way into darkened minds and hearts. There came to me in those days a great desire to preach the Gospel. I had a soprano voice and used it to sing the Gospel, but in the summer of my sixteenth year I was offered an opportunity to preach in a small school house, where there was no church. My congregation the :first Sunday consisted of the lady who ran the boarding house and a deaf woman, but Jesus was there and I have a large quilt still preserved covered with names of folks who were saved in the school house that summer. I didn't receive any salary, but I broke two broncos. a week and got paid for that. When school time came in the fall I took back home with me a :fine milk cow and a driving horse, besides some money for horse breaking.

God continued to bless me through my school years and during the summers in this kind of work. He was very real to ine through all my young manhood, and I was conscious of His leading. Then came the day when doubts about the Bible began to make their way into my heart. I was taking extra college work in a denominational school and the professor of literature was lecturing on the book of Job.- His statements went through my heart like a knife. At the 709

close of the class, I went to him and with cutting sarcasm he gave me to understand that my simple faith in the Bible came from my ignorance. He could not have struck a worse chord in my nature than to call me ignorant. My Southern blood boiled, and for weeks I struggled in the darkness and at the close set my teeth on a decision to know everything that such men as the professor held against the Bible. The devii told me I had been blindfolded and childish. My decision came from a wounded pride, and all the bitterness that came into my life afterward had its start in that pride.

The destructivG ideas voiced by the professor were to !lIe like "a tree to be desired to make one wise," ar:d I began to eat. I read the books he gave me, and round the new thought more to be desired than strong drink. The habit for such reading grew greatly. I did not throwaway my faith, but I let this strong draught of poison begin its deadly work. I struggled to keep my faith, but faith fainted and grew sick.

When doubt took possession of me it weakened the old-time armor against sin. The devil could shoot from many angles now and find a hole. I had a double mind, and, true to Scripture, became unstable in all my ways.

I tried to preach as before, but I found that the new natural religion offers no salvation. It sings the praises of this world, and has eyes only for the life that now is. It believes in salvation by evolution, instead of salvation through regeneration. It stands for man-made religion as against supernatural religion.

I thought that this new school of thought had science in certainty and history in solid phalanx on their side, but later I learned with heavy heart that what appeared to be a solid wall was in fact a lattice overgrown with the philosophical thought-the product of rebellious hearts against the revelation of God. I came to look with doubt upon our material boasts and to see that the drift of the times is toward man's best efforts for himself and his kind, instead of accepting God's best efforts for man on Calvary.

I had come to the philanthropic end of the natural religion road, and there with more sin abounding there was no salvation. It was man trying again to lift himself by his own boot straps.

I gave up preaching. The devil had run me up a blind road that leads to nowhere, and all along the road were left marks of my defeat. I had" thrown myself into social service and reform wot'k, and all this with a fight still going on. My early faith in my God was buried under many a defeat and many a doubt, but its faint voice could be heard in the quiet hours.

Gradually I began to open my eyes. I saw that supernatural religion was not a blind road. A letter from my father shook me to the depths, and I reformed and resolved to preach past my doubts. I turned to the old road of supernatural religion, and I forced my-

1920J THE STORY OF PAUL RADER-EVANGELIST

self to preach, but while my head was somewhat changed yet there was a work which God wanted to do in my own soul. I was sidestepping the issue by thinking that some good work would square me with God.

At this time my father died and much other trouble followed. I tried harder to preach, but the wabble was still in my nature, and instead of .turning to God with all the trouble that came I turned to my own resources and business. I hated to admit that I had been shorn of my locks, but I saw I was not at a place of power with God. I shook myself as Samson of old, but before I could ever be square with God I knew there must be a great heart-reckoning. I knew pride must have an awful fall ·but the self-life shrank from such a reckoning.

Finally God found me, a believer, but a ,backslider, a hypocrite without backbone. I was walking on the streets of New York when God spoke to my heart in the same tender pleading way, as when I was a boy. I almost ran to my room and dropped on my knees beside the bed. I wanted Him. I uncovered my heart and went in for the awful reckoning. My confession ran out like water. I went to the very depths with Him. I first dealt with the' past and all its sin and told Him that I could face it in His strength and make right my wrongs. When that was forgiven and settled, I asked Him for a clean heart and an obedient heart given over entirely to Himwhere pride and self would not be on the throne, but He alone reign.

Three days and three nights the fight with self lasted. On the third morning I took the Bible and asked God to. open up His 'Vord to me. He banished my doubt and I saw Jesus. I came to know Him there as my sanctification. I also saw very plainly in His 'Vord that He is the same yesterday and today and forever, and that He still can and does heal.

Then I walked out into the street and preached with the old boyhood freedom and joy. Christ seemed to stand up inside of me as my very life and wisdom and words. My heart fairly burned, as it does yet in preaching, with the joy of His presence. I came by His leading hand from place to place, through much prayer and waiting for His command. I preached at the' Gospel Tabernacle of the Christian and Missionary Alliance in Pittsburg, going out from there to conventions and revival meetings at times, until the Lord led me to launch forth in a little wider field of evangelism. Later a call came to be pastor of the Moody Church in Chicago.

The years passed over, crowded full of experience and much travel and study. When I think of all that has been crowded into those years, I marvel at the mercy of God and His goodness to me in sp irit, soul and body.

Recruiting-A

BY PASTOR PAUL RADER, CHICAGO Pastor of the Moody Tabernacle Church "The ~ingdom of Heaven is Like": These words fell from the lips of Jesus again and again: "The kingdom of heaven is like." Picture Him standing there in the little boat as it rocks quietly in the water, and before Him crowded right up to the water's edge a great multitude, listening intently to every sentence from His lips.

"'The Kingdom of Heaven." These are surprising wo.rds. Is there He then to be a kingdom heaven born, heaven bought and heaven sent? That is exactly what Jesus is saying, and furthermore is showing by speaking to them in parables just how it is to come.

His words roll to them like tremendous breakers along the coast in a storm. Six times these words break on their ears-"The kingdom of heaven is like"-and each time accompanying the words comes a parable to explain the kingdom to those who have ears to hear. As the great waves on the beach break suddenly and then burst into foam and run up the sands, so· this phrase "The kingdom of heaven is like" would break and then would foam forth the explaining parable. :With each breaking wave the Kingdom. program becomes clearer.

These waves are beating too against a stubborn world program of man. In the breast of the men before him is a program of the earth earthy, of the flesh fleshly, and of the devil devilish. There is there before Him in living, breathing men a kingdom of this world and He has come to start a kingdom of heaven. He is finally, when He has enrolled His subjects, to· come back to this world and set up His Kingdom with all authority and power.

Yes! He will set up His Kingdom right here in this world; right here where the curse came, where Adam walked out of the Garden and because of sin started to work and earn his bread by the sweat of his brow; right here where Eve because of sin brought forth her first-born in pain and anguish; right here where because of the fall sin entered and the devil' became the prince of this world, and Cain kiIled his brother Abel and went out from the presence of God marked with the sickening mark of a murdered. Yes, Hie will set up His Kingdom right here where passion hasrecked its awful toll of infamy, here where pearts have been broken, whereman has fought his brother, cheated his brother, lied about his brother, robbed his brother, where he has hated, envied, coveted, blasphemed God, laughed at His laws, poohpoohed His miracles, even denied His very existence, and tried to tear His blessed Book, the Bible, to pieces, and tried to choke the faith of babes and clog the minds of the young that would seek after Him. Yes, praise God, Christ is to set up His kingdom here where His rich holy Blood flowed from His side, here where He suffered, here where He rose again. Yes, it is here where the nations are warring for supremacy· that He will take His throne and reign in righteousness.

This great stupendous event is in the future, and may be very, very close, but the part of the program now being carried out before the kingdom shall be ushered in is the recruiting of subjects. The Gospel is the good news, telling how whosoever will can become a subject of this Kingdom.

The belief of the kingdom of this world, presided over by the devil, is- 712 that man in and of himself is abundantly sufficient, that his brain, his brawn, his wonder-working ingenuity, his will, can guide him safely through all the waves that roll against him, and men speak of this as the first law of nature, the great law of self-preservation. The outcome of all this is what they love to call natural religion, and of course in this religion man and man alone is the god, There, so-ca:ned culture and learning have led them away from idols of wood and stone, neither do they call the wind, the sun, or the moon by names to indicate them as gods, but they deify the reason of man. They worship the works of his hands in invention and art, in science and industry. They are pleased to refer to this as their second law of nature, which is the law of self-expression.

There is only one law of nature left and this they do not care to talk of, for it is an awful nightmare. This is the law of self-mastery. Hide your face now. Stop your ears. Close your eyes, and try not to think. The shock will be awful if you are a devotee of the god called man. He has lost all control over himself and must yield all his houses, all his land, all his power, all his pomp, all his hopes, all his plans, all his loves and labors to a strong enemy called death. He may drink of the best concoctions of his genius, he may hold with all his might with his wonderful will, to life, but death will take him. Man is not master of himself.

Jesus came to this world and from this little boat throws out the great life-giving promises of His kingdom. He had no subjects for His kingdom when He opened His eyes in that little manger cradle, for all men are the subjects of sin and death. There is not a one that is not a born and willing subject of the kingdom over which the devil is ruling; not a one who is not under the dominion of sin.

Hear what God has to say about this statement: "By one man sin en- tered into the world and death by sin, and so death passed upon an men, for that all have sinned."

Again hear God's Word: "But we are all as an unclean thing, and all (lur righteousnesses are as filthy rags, and we an do fade as a leaf; and our iniquities like the wind have taken us away." And still again God says: "We an like sheep have gone astray, we have turned every one to his own way, and the Lord hath laid on Him the iniquity of us all." We 3ee then that Jesus started without a subject and if He was to have subjects He must get them from the ranks of the devil, who in league with human nature and as prince of the world sits in the place of world power, and by his power (If temptation holds the hearts of men captives to sin, the world, their flesh .and himself.

Jesus then before He can have a kingdom must have subjects, and before He can have subjects He must set them free from their oId leader and master and make them new creatures. This is the first task to which He -directs Hims,elf when John has baptized Him in Jordan, and God has bap- tized Him with the Holy Ghost. He goes immediately into the wilderness, and there after fasting nntil His flesh, in almost death, calls, cries for food, He meets the devil.

The battle is on. The devil offers all he has, even to the kingdom of this world lying in his power, if Christ will but faU down and worship him. All the devil's temptations and pleadings are in vain. Christ will have nothing to do with him. The battle is over. Christ is true to His Father and does His will.

Christ returns to announce that He is the victor, as the Scriptures prophesied He would be. Now He is ready to announce His program as Cod had written it down in His Word, and arises in a little church the

first Sunday and reads alit of the Bible thus about Himself: "The Spirit of the Lord is upon Me, because He hath anointed Me to preach the Gvspel to the poor, He hath sent Me to heal the broken hearted, to preach de- * liverance to the captives, and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty them that are bntised, to preach the acceptable year of the Lord.* And He closed the Book and sat down * * and He began to say unto them, This day is this Scripture fulfilled in your ears."

He has conquered the devil. He is to be the Deliverer. The prince of this world before whom every other living soul has had to bow and bcome a sinner has found One now who will have nothing to do with him. He is an active victor, going on to offer help to any that are bound by Satan, and are his subjects.

Jesus Christ stands there talking to the multitude from the little boat then as the conqueror of the devil. The Scriptures go farther and say that He was "manifested to destroy the works of the devil." So this, then, is the first battle Jesus Christ had entered on His campaign of conquering and before He finishes He is to destroy the works even of the devil; the very results of sin? Yes! The devil then I recognize as my enemy, but he has been defeated by Jesus Christ who comes lifting His victorious banner, asking all who would be free from sin to enlist, and become His subjects in this new Kingdom He is to bring in when He has gotten all His subjects from all lands.

The world with all its allurements and charms for sin, its amusements that take hold on hell, its fascinations that exalt man and the devil and forget God. all this, which is the world, is my enemy. It was all offered to Jesus but He turned it down flat. He has conquered the world, and offers instead of worldly joys a joy which He alone can give, but which the world cannot give and cannot take away. Jesus then raises His banner of joy and offers it as lasting and real, without a sting, and calls to men to leave the world and its pleasures and the devil that is running them and enlist under His banner of joy that will last forever. This world gave Him nothing, but He could be filled with the deepest kind of joy and peace without needing anything the world could give or the devil had to offer.

Everlasting peace and joy is on the banner under which He asks subjects to enlist and this same blessed banner is to float over the palaces of His Kingdom forever. .

At last the hour comes in the life of Jesus when He must go against the enemy called Death. Jesus has broken the power of sin by conquering all the devil's temptations and offering His conquering power to His subjects. But all mankil1(l are under the power of death: the awful wages of sin. If Christ is to have subjects this bondage of death must be broken, and He must be able to offer life instead of death to those who come unner His banner.

He has made His boasts and the devil and his subjects are made and planning to put Him out of the way. Their very anger of wrath and love of murder is to be the means in God's hands of letting Jesus get into death so He can conquer it. His very enemy the devil is pushing a program of hate that will cause men to kill Jesus, and by the devirs very efforts to destroy Him he is giving Him the great chance for which He has come into the world: namely, to die man's death and conquer death by rising victor over it. He is to be the Lamb of God that taketh away the sin of the world. The hour comes. They nail Him to the cross and in the dark, with God's face turned away from Him, He· dies, taking the place of men with all their sin.

KINGDOM RECRUITING-A SERMON

. The wages of sin is death, and He takes all that wages for a whole race on Himself. He dies an accursed thing of sin, with God's face turned from Him as the curse. He pays the old debt that every subject whom He will afterward get owes, and the subject can come to Him with no old scores unpaid to his old master, sin.

Let us say, for example, that I wish to have a young fellow who is working hard for a certain firm come and work for me, but when I ap- proach him on the subject he tells me that he is heavily in debt to the company. Before he can come to me those debts must be paid, and if • I pay all his debts and tell him he can go free he is then in a position to work for me. Jesus by His death not only paid the debt of sirt which His subjects owe, but He conquered death itself, and arose from the grave the living victor over it, and with this tremendous, staggering, offer of sharing His victory with any who would believe Him and become His subjects. He called for recruits. He has added life then to the list of victories on His banner, and offers to those who will become His sub- jects life instead of death. Praise God! "Death is swallowed up in vic- tory," as the Scriptures say.

When' Jesus consented to enter death for humanity and conquer it, He did not consult with His flesh. The flesh, the natural mind, draws back from death, but Jesus delivered up the flesh to the death of that shameful cross, and became victor over the flesh.

When the blessed feet of Jesus left the earth and with that resurrec- tion body He made His victorious way back to the throne of God, He left· behind Him a complete victory over the world, the flesh and the devil. This all may have who believe Him, they may have it here and now. He conquered death and Himself became the first-fruits of them who have slept the sleep of death, and when He comes again before long to get His subjects and usher in the Kingdom, He will give all His subjects (those who have left the devil's ranks and the ranks of the world) a glorious body like unto His own glorious body, and with Him here in this old world we will rule and reign, having gotten back all that Adam lost in Eden, and, oh, a thousandfold beside all that.

By His life, death and resurrection He has become King of kings and Lord of lords, and has a name far above eyery name, and there is coming a day soon when eVery knee shall bow to Him, eyen the devil and all his subjects. The world system as it is shall be done away. The curse shall be lifted from the ground and the living creatures below man. No more place of vice, or more graft and poverty and wrangle and hatred and sufiering, and misrule, but righteousness and joy under His loving scepter.

But we who have taken Him as our Saviour and King and Conqueror are called into the highest of callings. Ve who have been sinners, ser- vants of the devil, rebels before God, refusing to obey His voice, have come over now under His banners and are not only to be His subjects, but are to be His Bride. Think of the great grace and love in the heart of God that could plan such a glorious redemption that one who was a sinner and rebel could become the Queen with the King upon the throne of this wonderful, everlasting Kingdom. If this vision strikes your heart you will never think of life the same again. Everything around you will glow with a new meaning, and souls for whom Christ died will become dearer and more valuable than any treasure of earth. You will catch the call of His love to things which angels would love to have, and you will allow nothing that the world has to offer to keep you from the glories that are in Christ, and the majesty that shall be revealed in His Kingdom when He appears with ten thousand of His saints and sets up His rule

over all the earth. Yes, God and humanity are going to get together by and by, and the kingdoms of the earth shall become the kingdom of our wonderful Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, and we shall be His Bride. Praise the Lord!

Jesus Christ has defeated all our enemies. Jesus Christ has returned to the throne of His Father, there to wait while men filled with the power of His Spirit carry the news of His victory around the world, and call upon men to forsake their sin and their service of the devil, and join Him and His Kingdom. By His wonderful life, He offers men a new life. By His wonderful victory He offers victory now. By His wonderful death and· victory over death, He offers life forever to all who will take it, and He is now patiently waiting for men to believe Him and turn from darkness unto light.

When the last subject has given his heart to Jesus and the Bride of Christ is made up, then our blessed Saviour, "The Lord Himself, shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God: and the dead in Christ shall rise first: then we which are alive and remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air, so shall we ever be with the Lord." Thus shall all the believers be caught up and changed in a moment in the twinkling of an eye. Then will they be given their place in the Kingdom and return with Him to the earth clothed with power and great might to rule and reign with Him and put down the kingdom of satan and sin with all world powers under man rule. Yes, praise God, we will return.

Listen to God's Word: "And I saw heaven open and behold a 'white horse, and He that sat upon him was called Faithful and True, and in righteousness He does judge and make war. His eyes were as a flame of fire and on His head were many crowns, and He had a name written that no man knew, but He Himself, and He was clothed with a vesture dipped in blood:, and His name is called The W:ord of God. And the armies which were in heaven followed Him upon white horses clothed in fine linen, white and clean, and out of His mouth goeth a sharp word, that with it He should smite the nations: and He shall rule them with a rod of iron: and He treadeth the winepress of the fierceness and wrath of Almighty God. And He hath on His vesture, and on His thigh a name written, King of kings and Lord of lords."

Standing in that little boat on the little lake Jesus did not seem a king but He is indeed King of kings and Lord of lords. From that little boat He announced what the Kingdom would be like while He was in glory and was calling through men by His Spirit for subjects. He plainly shows that while the invitation to participate in His glorious victories and to become one with Him in the coming Kingdom is extended to all, all will not come, and that of the many, many who do profess Ito come there will be a great number of pretenders who really do not break with the world and the devil and the flesh, but make a profession only. He shows that a large organization will come into being, which people can join but that it will not be made up of real subjects of this coming kingdom'but of some who are real subjects and many who are pretenders but who in fact are of the world, and have not stood against Satan in the power of Jesus' name and sought to do His will.

Out of the boat speaking to the multitude that day Jesus shows by the parable of the sower that the whole world will not be saved before He ushers in His Kingdom. He shows that some hear of His great offer but pay no attention to it. These are the stony ground sort. Some hear

it and start but they can't stand to be laughed at, and they stop. These are the shallow-soil quitters. Some start and get a good growth, but the world calls too loudly and they keep company with the same old gang, and they get choked, and you never hear any more about them but that "they started, but-." Some get busy and. believe with all their heart and love Him and trust Him and expect Him to do all He promises, and stick true to Him and the interests of His Kingdom-these are the real subjects. He'll rule the Kingdom with these.

Then He lets another wave roll and break in parable form, saying "The kingdom of heaven is like a man who sowed wheat in his field, but while he slept his enemy sowed tares." Here He shows that while true Christianity will be in the world, while He is in the glory waiting for subjects, the enemy will start something that rooks like Christianity and get folks to join it and it will all be under His name; the organization will be called a church and will act like a church, and yet it will be nO' more made up of His real subjects than tares can be wheat, though they may look alike to some folks. In this parable He asks a question: Shall the tares be pulled up? The answer is that they shall both grow along together until the harvest or the time when He gathers His subjects, then He'll catch up His own, but the bluffers, the hypocrites, or as the parable calls them, the tares, He will put in the fire. That doesn't sound like the world was going to get better and better, until it would all be good at the harvest time. No, sir, wheat is wheat and tares tares up to the harvest, and then the wheat gets the kingdom and the tares get the fire.

Next He says that the Kingdom of heaven, while He is in the glory waiting for subjects, is like a mustard seed planted in a field that, though it is small it somehow has a very peculiar growth and keeps it up; yes, a very unnatural growth until it becomes a ·tree so ,that the birds of the air lodge in its branches. Here He shows that the organization upon which men put His name will become very popular so that the demons of hell will roost.around in it but it will nO't be sincere and true throughout. What better picture than this of a place called a church pulling off a show or an organization calling itself Christian giving a dance, could be found? They have the name and the gathering but they are not of the Kingdom. They seem to do big things but the big things are roosts for the devil and not for the One who conquered the world, and was not of the world.

Again He speaks of His buying a field because it has a hidden treasure. You remember God's great promises to the Jews and you must remember they are never forgotten. The Jews are scattered, yes, many of the tribes lost, but they are in this field called the world, and Christ has bought and paid for this world, and His own treasure the Jew is in it, and He will fulfill all His promises to him.

Yet again Christ speaks of the Kingdom of heaven as a goodly pearl for which a man sells all he has and buys it. Jesus gave up all He had for this believing crowd of His subjects, which He calls the ecclesiathe called out one-the Church. This is His Bride. Through them He is speaking to the world today. They have not all been gathered in yet, but when the last one has said yes to Him and come under His banner, that long expected shout will fill the heavens and the voice of the archangel and the trump of God shall sound, and we will be with our King, and sit down to the bridal supper. The Kingdom will have come.

Think of all that He offers you! What have you done with this wonderful offer of life and a kingdom? Are you professing without possess-

ing? Have you come out openly for Jesus and cut a clean line between yourself and the world, or are you trying to play both sides? Have you sworn a fight in Jesus' name against the flesh, are you enjoying victory in Jesus. Line up now. If you are ashamed of Him before men He will be ashamed of you before His Father in heaven.

You must do something with Jesus- Neutral you cannot be.

Some day your heart will be asking "What will He do with me?"

Christian Work in Eastern Siberia LETTERS FROM E. W. OLSON AND JOSEPH VINCE Two Russian Baptists have recently opened up Christian missionary work in Eastern Siberia. They are working without stated support from any mission board but have been supplied with Bibles and tracts by Russian Christians in America and by the GOSPF;L COMMITTF;F; for WAR PRISONF;RS.

Rev. TesseW. Brooks, who was Chairman of the First General Conference fo'r the Evangelization of Russia, held in Chicago in June, 1918, has recently sent us interesting letters received from these two workers who attended the Conference. who were the first to begin work in Siberia.

The Rev. E. W. Olson who is located near Vladivostock, writes: "All I heard about the hunger of the Russian people for the Gospel is true. On a missionary journey 200 miles west of Blagovestschensk, we say that the hunger for the Gospel is tremendous. The villages generally have a population of from 3,000 to 5,000, and before we would stop at our quarters the crowds would surround our house to obtain news. N a paper, no telegraph, and no mail is to be found in these places. We preached the Gospel until our voices were gone, but still the people hung around us almost night and day seeking light. Hundreds confessed that they had received Jesus into their hearts.

"Never have I seen so much ignorance, dirt and poverty as in these villages. No place looked like a home, but more like a cattle barn. Once we were taken by the Japanese forces, another time we were caught by the Cossacks, who took us for spies; in one village the Bolshevik forces took three horses, nine cattle, and several thousand rubles. Were it not for the love of Christ which constrains us we could not stand the hardships. Nevertheless, we praise God for the opportunities we have of spreading the Gospel.

"The Baptists have about 400 small churches in Eastern Siberia divided in two Conferences; The far East from Vladivostock to Irkutsk, and the West from Irkutsk to Omsk. In this large territory there are about 30,000,000 people, but at present only seventeen preachers in both these conferences. The churches that I so far have visited are very weak and far away from the standard of the Bible: they lack organization, leaders, and resources, and cannot take care of themselves-much less do any missionary work.

"No literature whatever can be found here. A Bible cannot be bought in the whole of Siberia. Almost every day some one asks for a Bible, and we cannot give what t~ey so much long for. Everything that is worth

CHRISTIAN WORK IN EASTERN SIBERIA

while to read is very welcome, but especially New Testaments and Bibles. "Last Sunday we organized our first Sunday-school after the American model. There were 65 in attendance, and we made 11 classes. There was great interest. It is the first experiment in that line. We shall try to organize such schools everywhere possible.

"I have been praying to God that He would give us a better place for worship. We had a little room in the outskirts of the city. Thanks be to Him, we have now a fine large Lutheran Church located in the center of the city where we shall soon begin to work."

Rev. Jacob J. Vince has also sent a letter, written late in the winter from Blagovestschensk, in which he says: "I never can forget the feeling that came over me when my feet, after eight years absence, again touched Russian soil. My earnest prayer that morning was, "0 Lord, let me be a blessing to my poor Russian people that need the light of Heaven more than anything else.'

"The day after landing I had my first meeting with the little Baptist congregation which has existed there for one or two years. Now we have a B.aptist congregation of about 150 members. Our meetings are overcrowded; sometimes 750 people are listening to the Gospel for hours and hours. Since last November, we have baptized 111 souls, and there are many others waiting.

"The Sunday-school also is progressing and we have now over 200 children and 12 teachers.

"In our Far East Conference there are about 2000 believers, scattered through 150 villages, towns and cities, but there are many hundred villages more which have never been touched with the Gospel. Our Conference covers three large provinces, beginning at the Baikal Lake and extending to the Sea of Japan. The whole population of this district is about 4,500,000, and in hundreds of the villages you cannot find a single Bible; yet the hunger for the Word of God is very great. I have organized a Board of Missionary Directors to carry the Gospel into every village, but we have only eighteen workers on the field, and it is impossible for them to reach all the people who are waiting. Send us at once a few hundred Bibles and New Testaments. The political and economic conditions are so bad that it is impossible for the people to pay much for Bibles because the current rate of the American dollar is too high. The Russian railroads are in unspeakably bad conditon, but the Bolsheviks here seem to be in good favor toward the spreading the Gospel." * * Rev. Joseph Vince may be addressed at Chintej,amy, Helampo, China. Helampo is a Chinese city across the River Amoor and about a mile distant from Blagavestschensk.

A Post-War Missionary

·ANY new conditions at home and abroad have resulted from M ~he world war, and many new problems have arisen in mis- sionary work. The best study of these conditions and problems is in the recent volume prepared by the "Committee on the War and the Religious Outlook," entitled "The Missionary Outlook in the Light of the War." To view the whole present task, and to take counsel together for a forward movement the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions called together for a post-war conference the missionaries of the Church from all over the world. About 150 men and women, missionaries and officials, gathered at Princeton in daily session from June 19th to 27th, discussed the situation and problems in sessions and groups and formulated findings. They discussed each field, and the relative importance of the various forms of missionary work-evangelistic, medical, educational and social service. From most fields comes the insistent call for more adequate native leadership, so that there is a, demand to strengthen allegiances which will develop Christian leaders. On these agencies we must depend for the self-propagating, self-governing and self-supporting Church of the future, so that heavy stress was laid upon the necessity for improving the work for women and girls, the future home-makers.

The need for higher standards in method was also emphasized. Old methods and policies, if inadequate, must be replaced by new and better ones in every line, whether in activities on the field or in the securing and training of candidates at home; in mission organization and in education, in the methods of preaching and teaching so as to evangelize and Christianize.

The relation between the Board at home and the missions on the field has always been a subject for debate, and while to the majority its mutual understanding develops sympathy, many believe it advisable to vest in the missions a greater degree of authority than has been theirs hitherto.

In order that advantage may be taken of the present opportunities the Conference insisted that more missionaries should be sent out, and that funds for carrying on their work should be increased. At the same time, it was recommended that in general existing work should be strengthened before new work is undertaken.

The Princeton Conference heartily favored cooperation with other missions in any way that will advance the cause of Christ, looking forward to union when practicable.

no

Christians in

The Sixth Annual Conference of the Hebrew Christian Alliance of America BY REV. JOHN L. ZACKER, PHILADELPHIA, PA.

T HE word "Conference" when defined comes to mean the cal!ing together. of representat~ves of various powers for the adJustment of dIfficultIes and dlfferences. The Hebrew Christian Alliance Conferenee refrains from doctrinal discussions or interfering with church tradition of form. Its mission is nothing more or less than a continuation of Apostolic Hebrew Christianity, thereby bearing witness to the Jew, the Gentile and the Church of God. Jewish followers of Jesus, the Messiah, representing no less than twenty-one denominations, now meet annually in America as one united body. The Sixth Conference mlOt in the First Baptist Peddie Memorial Church, Newark, N. J., on Monday evening, May 31. The Rev. S. B. Rohold, Secretary-Treasurer and the Field Secretary, Rev. A. Lichtenstein, gave reports that were encouraging. Rev. E. Newman since the last Conference in Cleveland has located some prominent Hebrew Christians who were not known before. Among these are relatives of Justice Brandeis. Local branches of the Alliance have been organized and reorganized, struggling missions have been helped and literature distributed. For the coming year, Rev. H. L. Hellyer was elected to the presidency, Rev. A. Lichtenstein general secretary, Rev. Elias Newman, evangelist and Rev. Joseph R. Lewek, recording secretary and treasurer. Rev. A. I. Dushaw was elected as the Alliance representative to the Holy Land.

As a result of the Conference two evangelists are being sent to Palestine, two to Russia and the home field will be strengthened. The immediate establishment of a national headquarters is authorized, to be combined with a Bible Training School. "The Watchman" ceases to be a Yiddish supplement. Its size is to be doubled. Rev. S. B. Rohold was elected editor of the Alliance Quarterly. Immediately, through currency and pledges $6000 was raised. The European greetings from Rev. David Baron and Prof. H. Strack, D. D., were thoroughly appreciated and ordered to be printed in pamphlet form. Mrs. E. Herman's inspiring article on "The Hebrew Christians of the Ukraine" touched a tender chord of the Conference, and was also ordered to be printed in pamphlet form.

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J. Scott of

O NE of the most important branches of mission work is the training of the native ministry in the mission fields. .A man especially successful in this work in North India was the Rev. Thomas Jefferson Scott of the Methodist Episcopal Church, who passed away last January after many years of active service. There are today hundreds of native pastors and evangelists, especially in Upper India who received their training under this efficient teacher. Thousands of others in India have heard the ,Vord through them, and many have accepted Christ who otherwise would not have known Him.

Thomas Jefferson Scott arrived in India in ] 863 and left it in 1904. It was only five years after the Indian mutiny when the new missionary and his young wife arrived to take up work in the fruitful provinces of Oudh and Rohilkhand. These cover about 44,000 square miles of territory, and carried at that time a population of seventeen million souls. The climate, population, language, religion, customs, flora and fauna are homogeneous.

In 1869, Mr. Scott was made presiding elder of the Bareilly District. In India this is no sinecure. Then, as now, the crying need was a trained ministry. .As a rule, the few converts were from the illiterate, lower classes. Even today, when there are many schools and a second generation of converts, there are not enough efficient workers. To supply this need a theological seminary was opened at Bareilly in 1872, with an attendance of sixteen. In this institution Mr. Scott became almost immediately a tutor. and from 1879 onward until his retirement in 1904 was, for the most of the time, its principal and inspiration. The material given him to make over consisted of unlettered converts, just out of heathenism. As there were at first no suitable text books in the vernaculars, the teaching waB mainly oral, all day long; and line upon line, through long, monotonous, hot months.

. But the greatest work Dr. Scott did for the Church in India, outside of the theological school, was his effort in founding, and in helping to conduct, the India Sunday School Union.

Dr. Scott spent forty-one years in India-six at Budaon, four on the Bareilly District, and thirty-one in the theological school, and in the lecture field, and in writing books. He was, from beginning to end, the same strong, upright, studious, scholarly, aggressive, self-respecting man and missionary, and has imprinted the marks of his labors, character, and personality upon the Indian Church.

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Woman's foreign Mission

EDITED BY MRS. WM. H. FARMER, MONTCLAIR, N. J.

THE EDITOR'S MESSAGE of business women today brings Summer Conferences with all their to us in the churches an unusual inspiration and missionary informa- opportunity for service-a service tion are being held in many places that is two fold. Business girls are as already announced. At least two so splendid in their independence, of them have missed the face and the so keen in their perception of values voice of the one who for several and so generous in their support of years has been the Chairman of worthy causes; yet they are often Summer Schools and Conferences lonely because of their independence for the Federation. l1rs. Mary and the church that makes a real Clokey Porter of Pittsburgh has home for these girls does a valuable been translated to her heavenly Home. service. Though a few still forget The June number of the Woman's that fully half of their members Missionary Magazine of the United cannot come to the afternoon mis- Presbyterian Church contains four- sionary or social meetings, yet most teen pages of appropriate tributes churches already realize the necessity to Mrs. Porter. One of these is for arranging for clubs and classes written by Mrs. Helen Barrett Mont- at such hours that make it possible gomery who recently suffered from for business girls to attend. This a broken arm in an accident at the providing a meeting place and an Northern Bapti.t Convention in opportunity for real fellowship may Buffalo. Mrs. Montgomery says of be returned a hundred fold by the Mrs. Porter: service these women themselves ren- "Among the remarkable mi3sionary der to others in their own comleaders whom it has been my privilege munity, country or foreign land. to know, Mrs. Porter's name shines like a star. She had that combination, The following plan, if carried out all too rare, of great spirituality and tactfully and prayerfully, may bring absorption in heavenly things, joined wonderful results. Let the church, to remarkable executive ability. or a group of churches, invite the Wherever she was chairman of a business women and girls to a dinner great inter-denominational committee, or a party of some kind. Tell them you knew that the work would be they may have the use of the church done with outstanding thoroughness (or part of it) one certain night and success. She could secure co- each week; let them arrange to have operation from many women to a an informal "family" meal together wonderful degree. (to some girls who have no home the preparing of a meal and even "Mrs. Porter went to her desk washing dishes is a treat!); after a as regularly and faithfully as a bank "jolly good time hour," a program teller stands at his window. She may be given even while the girls never spared herself drudgery. She are sewing or knitting or making never expected defeat. Steadily, hospital supplies.

quietly, with superb efficiency, she One week the program may be held to her tasks, and now God has devoted to Christian Citizenship and summoned her into larger fields of Current Events, one to the problems service. On whom shall her mantle of the churches and community, one fall ?" to world service. Dues of five dol- BUSINESS WOMEN AND MISSIONS lars a year-or less according to the The constantly increasing class resources of the particular group- 23 t~~~:l~~~and, FloridaJ can be added to the list of Mission Study Schools with the dates January A two-cent stamp will bring from Miss M. H. Leavis, West Medford, Mass. the Annual Report of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions.

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could enroll each girl in the Home dressing dolls for the little Chinese and Foreign Missionary Societies of girls who never have seen a doll, for the Woman's Board of her ch1frch making scrap books for the hundreds and pay the running expenses of the of orphan<!ges that are asking for local club. An alert program com- them, or for making hospital supplies mittee will secure interesting speakers so everlastingly needed at home and along various lines of activity: and abroad. both the leader and speakers must be alert, for, as the club members This form of organization will during the day are a part of a well appeal to the business women beorganized machine and associating cause it is practical, it is unified, constantly with alert, quick-thinking it is efficient, it is modern and it will minds, to appeal to them anyone give them a good time and make must be able to state clearly her them a blessing to others. Such a subject and concentrate upon it. A movement among business women resourceful social and membership will certainly help in solving the incommittee will make the business dustrial problems of the day and in girls' club a source of real value. in making real the Kingdom of God. recreative and social fellowship to all the business girls of the community. MRS. F. H. CLAMP, Albion, Michigan. Some might prefer meeting in a private house, as this gives the home Mission Study for Business Women touch which so many business girls keenly miss. Patronesses from the One of the first efforts to make it women in the various churches or possible for business women to share from the different societies in the in the life of the church was made one church may be asked to help in in the Episcopal church of Bangor, the arrangements for the meetings Maine. A member of the parish and to entertain in their homes who was an enthusiastic leader in occasionally. the church work noticed that Sunday after Sunday many women between The results which follow are num- the ages of 20 and 40 came regularly erous, to church but that no one except the Rector seemed to know who they 1. The business women come to were. The Treasurer informed her feel that the church is a home where that they were regular contributors they meet congenial people in true to the support of the church and Christian fellowship. she determined to find some way to make them feel that they were 2. The business women are given wanted and needed in the work of opportunities of being informed and the parish. made conversant upon items concerning citizenship and current The following Sunday the Rector events. ' gave out notice that anyone who could not come to the afternoon 3. The business women are ac- meetings of the women's societies tively connected with and personally was invited to Mrs.- house to arsupporting the Women's Missionary range for future meetings. Out of Societies of their churches and are a church membership of 200-men. kept informed of the needs of the women, and ~hildren-50 women, home and foreign service. came that first night. There were seven nationalities represented and 4. The opportunity is given of the ages ran from 20 to 60 with doing something with their hands for occupations varying all the way from other people in need. servant girls to High School Prin- cipals, editors, and authors. vVe are told that the business women of our country did an incon- As a result a mission study class ceivable amount of Red Cross work, was organized.and was successfully and they will be quick to respond to the call for the local poor, for

THE WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

conducted for ten years. Its success BUSINESS WOMEN AND THE may have been due to the following CHURCH reasons: Women who are in business today, 1. The women were made to feel regardless of whether they received that they were doing something for their training in college or only others, as indeed they were, not that through experience, are not the same something was being done for them. as were their mothers and grand-. mothers. And because they are 2. The meetings were held in a different other women are affected private house which to a girl who also. Their contrast in dress and is in an office all day, and perhaps physical and mental physique is no a hall bedroom at night, means much. greater than are their ideas and tastes and habits along many lines. 3. The work was apparently not too organized so that there was not the feeling of a set program to be In what way have the men and gotten through in a certain length women of the church been recog- of time. . nizing and meeting these changes?

In reality a great deal of work was Those who attended the missionary accomplished: meetings thirty, forty, fifty years ago A short time was given to current can probably recall the nature of the events, both secular and in the mis- organization and of its meetings, and sion field. Each winter one country can compare ~ose early meetings with was studied or one phase of mission the meetings today. Has the de- work. velopment in these societies watched 3. Speakers from outside of the women's development along other state came to address the class and lines?

keep them in closer touch with what Because most churches give no was going on in the church at large. opportunity for business women to During Lent they worked for what- take part in missionary or social ever field they were studying, send- wOrk and because this group of ing·off many barrels of clothing, be- women is undoubtedly growing in sides paying a scholarship in one of numbers and influence, it seems highly the mission schools and helping ,on desirable that the church do some- the salary of a woman missionary. thing whereby the business women * * * may have opportunity for definite Another successful club that has service, and the church may benefit sent hundreds of dollars to the for- by this group's largely unused re- eign field and reached nearly a sources.

hundred business girls was started The missionary societies are the during the war in Battle Creek, natural means for acquiring the in- Michigan. The young women were terest of this group of young business invited to come directly from busi- women, but there is one unfortunate ness to the church each Monday in feature–the too frequent separation Lent. An inexpensive supper was of the home and foreign work. In prepared by the girls, different com- the early days no doubt this division mittees being appointed each week. was warranted, but now that so After the happy informal "homey" much is being said and done to break meal the girls sewed on layettes for down lines of distinction between French babies while one read from denominations, does it not seem un-'

the interesting book by Mrs. Lena fortunate that we cannot all work Leonard Fisher "Under the Cres- together in bringing Christ to all the cent and amid the Kraals." From world without separating home and this modest beginning came one of foreign, particularly since immigra- the strongest young woman's mis- tion has made the problem so com- sionary societies in the Methodist plex that it is hard in some cities , Episcopal Church. to differentiate the two. Why

should we pass on this chasm sep- peop!e. All looked fine for a big evenmg meeting. A crowd came, arating home and foreign work sat down and listened to the first preacher. Then one by one about when the world war has made the one-half quietly left. The others stayed and 'were interested. Only dividing line more insignificant than a few wdmen remained. Most of the children left. I tried to think ever?' . out the cause of unrest. There was no noise or talking back in the side There are some churches where lines. The air was heavy with mys- tery. We finished as usual, had a the two societies have united efforts word with some we knew and then I started ahead with the lantern. A successfully. There is being tried Christian lad whispered to me, "The big ryot had. a large crowd waiting out in cine city a Girls' Civic League with big sticks and clubs and they intended to oppose our passage which includes homes for them at through the town street." Our preachers got the same word but they nominal prices and with very unusual only made a little more noise. I turned the light on a little brighter, arrangements for the care of the held the heavy clough cane a little tighter, made the Christian lads fall homes. There are in several cities behind and on we 'went singing with spirit our victory song. On a turn Business Women's Councils of vary- in the road ahead I saw the armed crowd waiting. It was only a quesing degrees of success. All these tion of seconds now. No one but- God could know what was goit!g to experiments might be investigated to happen. There was no such thing as turning back possible. We numdetermine what is proving most bered about 25 people. They might have had a hundred. On we went. worth while, and from them might The crowd with the big clubs parted and let us through, giving us the be worked out a larger plan reach- middle of the road and plenty of it. They stood rooted, their feet refused ing more people and meeting more to lift, their eyes were wide open with wonder. Their hands gripped needs in a more efficient way. loosely their clubs and remained use- less and their tongues were silent as If then the women's missionary the grave. On and past we went like the children of Israel through organizations of the church can see the Red sea with a wall of danger on each side; but they did not come the need, they may come together nigh unto us. The bold lions under the pay of the ryot became gentle and with united effort put on a lambs under the mighty hand of our God." program which shall include the *(Read HSocial Christianity in the Orient"· by business women in a work neither :E. R. Clough to get the background for this re· home nor foreign nor yet d~nomina­ markable incident of this spring. Try the effect of this four-minute anecdote in your prayer· tional; a work comprehending all, meeting or woman's society.) as we read in Christ's last words- "teach," "preach," "baptize," "heal,"

all the world." Why should we, who aim to follow Christ's teaching, split up into factions and work for one special group but not for another when He says "Go ye into all the world and" preach the Gvspel to every creature?"

ANSWERED PRAYER IN INDIA * "The Mission's prestige among the caste people is growing rapidly. We stir up by our success a line of enemies. Nothing, however, seems to prevail against our advance. At Bheemavaram the Christians put in an application for some land. A big ryot had held it by encroachment and took it through three courts including the High-Court ·of Madras. Every time it came to the Christians. This is the setting for the real story. We had an unusually large meeting on Saturday afternoon, say 1500

OF THE CHURCH OF

By REV. F. W. S. O'NEI!,r. FAKUMEN, MANCHURIA THE WHOLE of China is stirred aroused the deepest interest from end to end of the country. Instead as never before. The schools, of the five thousand dollars asked the newspapers and the public as- for, twice that amount was received. semblies are being aroused to pa- In Hongkong the seven denominatriotic fervor. Since China's refusal tions formed a union committee and to sign the Peace Treaty at Paris, raised two thousand dollars, bringowing to the Allies' decision to hand ing a spiritual uplift to the conthe port of Tsingtao to Japan, a 'gregations themselves. Now a Nawide-spread agitation has been going tional Missionary Society is to be formed, which will include amolig on, especially among the young men other local organizations, the Yunand women. nan Mission, the North Manchuria Home Mission and the Anglican For the first time, also, the Chris- Church Home Mission in Shensi. We were told of seventy-five Chinese tian Church is expected to take a girl students who wished to be misleading part in the affairs of the sionaries. Changed times, indeed! country. From being despised as of no account or even worse, suddenly The "China fot Christ Movethe Christians of China find them- ment" is spiritual. One of the aims selves in a position of prominence. is to enable all of the four hundred No class has a keener love of thousand Christians in China to read country than the little groups of the Bible. At present only onescattered Christians. To what the half of these can read. The phonnational feeling may grow, no one etic system, not long ago adopted by can foretell. But the opportunity, the Government, is being taken up while fraught with danger for the in the churches with avidity. The Church of Christ, is also full of supply of Phonetic Gospels can scarcely keep pace with the demand. promise. 'Olen, the f:J{ample of General Feng The Republic of China is the has aroused the brightest hopes. This remarkable man, on becoming largest mission field in the world, a Christian, proceeded to transform but neither American missionaries, his camp of ten thousand soldiers. however zealous, nor American Already over one thousand of the gold, however plentiful, can save soldiers have been baptized. China. Only Christ can accomplish this and the Chinese them- China is surely moving. The selves must undertake their God- pressure of the times is driving the givell task. The Conference of followers of Jesus in this land down Christians, Chinese and foreigners to the roots of things. "How can we from all parts of the country, which form a lasting nation?" is their conmet at Shanghai last December has stant thought. Patriotic societies already risen to the occasion. are not enough. "My heart is burn- ing within me," cried Dr. Cheng The Chinese delegates have car- Ching-yi. "The thought of failure ried forward their plan for a central makes me shudder. Look at the committee, half Chinese' and half Lord on high. Look at the opposing foreign. The new Movement will forces below. 'We can not back out. present a united front. The non- Now is the time for the campaign,- Roman Churches will at last speak Christ for China and China for to the oldest nation with one voice, Christ. or, at least with more harmony than at any time since the Reformation. It is' above all else, missionar;y.

Within the last year, a Chinese Home Mission to Yunnan has

fROM MANY

EUROPE "In the Riverside Community the new chapel has changed the religiQus Presbyterian Union In Scotland life of the neighborhood, and is a decided step toward the elevation of THE paramount question for de- the people, both religiously and edu- bate this year in both the United cationally. The Sunday-school will be a great inspiration. Free Church Assembly and the Established Church of Scotland was "In the county west of Black the pending plan for union. A commission of the Church of Scotland River is a community where the only has petitioned for the passage of an act which will free the Church from time the people have an opportunity legislative control, and while nothing to hear a Gospel message is when ~efinite has been promised it is not some passing minister stops for a expected that the same liberty which day or two. The school house was was recently granted to the Anglican well filled both evenings for our Church will be denied to the Church meetings, but only two or three proof Scotland.· If this freedom is fessing Christians were in the ausecured the formal obstacles in the dience. This neighborhood is shut way of union with the United Free in by the beautiful Ozark Hills on Church will have been removed. three sides, and Black River on the other. A rather feeble minority in each Church has opposed such a union. "Missionary touring in this country includes fording streams, swimming Revival In S1elly rivers, cutting new roads and similar pioneer work." As AN outcome of the evan- gelistic spirit of two demobilized Presbyterians in Conference soldiers who were converted at the front through contact with Protestant OVER one hundred and twentysoldiers and by reading- the New Testament, a revival has begun in five Presbyterian missionaries Adriano, near Palermo, Sicily. These under appointment to the foreign two brothers announced their changed field and twelve missionary apconvictions as soon as they reached pointees of the Reformed Church in home and began immediately to America met with some fifty mispreach. Many persons have already sionaries on furlough for the annual cast their lot with them. conference at 156 Fifth avenue. New York, June 9th to 16th. 'I'h~ pro- NORTH AMERICA gram included papers and addresses on the missionary aim and message, Neglected Fields missionary administration, equip- ment, prob!em~ and life, calculated MANY fields in America call for to bring as great help to the young men to take Christ's message recruits as the military training to those who need the spiritual life. camps brought to the newly enlisted One of these home mission fields is soldiers. in the Ozark Mountains of Missouri. A letter from Rev.·R. T. Fulton tells Of the new missionarie3 seven of a recent visit there. came from McCormick Theological Seminary, nine from Princeton, six "I am greatly impressed with the from Moody Bible Institute, five tremendous need. and the opportunity from the Bible Teachers Training to render a real service for our School. One came from Lane Semicountry if we had only enough men nary and one from Auburn, but to reach out into· these neglected none from Union. places.

728 A "Post-War" Missionary Con- under one roof,' the General Board ference was held for Presbyterian missionaries and officials in Prince- of Promotion, The American Baptist ton June 19th to 27th. This conference was attended by about two F:oreign Mission Society, The Amerhundred workers' and took up the intimate discussion of missionary ican Baptist Home Mission Society,' problems and policies. The benefits of the meeting were so marked that the Ministers and Missionaries Beneit is hoped a similar gathering wtll be held each yea.r. fit Board, Board of Education of The Cause of Delinquency New York State Convention, and the A CONFERENCE of representa- New York State Board of Promo- tive Presbyterians from various , sections of the country was held in fu~ June to consider delinquency and crime in the United States, and to International Missiomlry Union· plan definite steps for a remedy. Probation 'officers of several large MORE than o~e hundred foreign cities reported a great increase of missionaries of the United crime among so called respectable States and Canada, representing people. When asked a reason for fourteen fields and many Protestant this one probation officer said: "It Mission Boards, attended the thirtyis not so much the high cost of liv- seventh annual meeting of the Ining as the cost of high living that ternational Missionary Union, held is leading many young people from June 9-13, at Clifton Springs, New good homes into crime." York. The general topic under dis- Jail Audience Decreased cussion was "Alled Strategy and World. Conquest." Governments of OTTO H. NATER, superinte,n- countries from which Christian niis- dent of Bible distribution with sionaries go out were petitioned by headquarters in Indianapolis, is a the Unioh to send only diplomatic Christian' worker who may be par- representatives of high moral chardoned for rejoicing over his decreas- acter. They also advocated steps to ing audiences when it is understood ensure the same religious freedom that for some years he has held for foreign countries as is enjoyed services in a jail. This falling off is in the United States and Great due to prohibition. However, he Britain. The American mandatory repQrts forty conversions the past over Armenia, similar to that exeryear among prisoners, About 800 cised in Cuba, was advocated. Gospels and Testaments were given out. Officers elected for 1920-21 are as follows: President, Dr. Stone; re- Bible Society Record. cording and editorial secretary, Dr. H. F. Laflamme; c9rresponding sec- Baptist Society Transferred from Boston retary, Mrs. Alice M. Williams, Oberlin, 0.; treasurer, Rev. F. K. I N CONFORMITY with the plan 8anders; chairman board of control, to· centralize the work of the de- David McConaughy, New York City, nomination, the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society has moved and librarian, Dr. J. A. Sanders, from Bo~ton and established its headquartel's in the former Holland Clifton Springs. House at 276 Fifth Avenue, where four floors have been leased by the Nestorian Convention in America Northern Baptists. There are now THE first convention of the Nes- torians, the Church of the As- syrians, was held in Chicago from May 20th to 23rd, Bishop Yawalaha of Amadia, who is on a visit to America, presided and important measures were adopted in regard to the relation of their church to other churches in America, especially the Protestant Episcopal Church, which

in many respects is similar to the medical attention. The Indians are ancient N estorian Church. extremely 'superstitious and believe Near the end of the convention in their own ignorant medicine men.

word was received of the death of Disease is therefore rife among the their Patriarch, Mar Shimun. The Navajos, especially tuberculosis and new Mar Shimun, who succeeds by trachoma.' .

hereditary tight, is only fourteen The Presbyterian Woman's Board years of age, so that the church of Home Missions has recently will be under the regency of bishops opened medical work at Ganado, for the present. . Arizona, and at Indian Wells. Dr.

The Living Church. / Burke who is in charge at the latter place is cultivating contact with the Jews and Christians Confer people by his itinerating. Sometimes I T IS well to distinguish between it is a case of rivalry between the Americanization and Christian medicine man and the Christian missionary work among Jews and physician.

other foreigners in America. The failure' to do this has naturally Japanese Student Organization C aroused not a little Jewish resent- HICAGO has a unique organment. Representatives of the Fed- ization of forty Christian Jap- eral Council of Churches, the Home anese theological students, .who hold Missions Council and the Central services similar to church. services Conference of American Rabbis met every Sunday morning and evening.

recently in New York to discuss These meetings, held in the Y. M. C.

the difference between Christian A., consist of a song service and a effort and patriotism and to discredit distinctly spiritual address by an the inference that Bolshevism is Evanston Seminary student, or by sponsored by the Jews. The follow- his assistant from the Moody Bible ing resolution was adopted by this Institute. Prayer meetings are also Conference: held every Thursday evening, and "Resolved: That we disclaim, and street meetings frequently. These deplore, the use of the terms "Amer- students are at aU times watching for icanization" in any case where it is an opportunity to lead some of their made to mean or to imply that there countrymen to Christ. The entire is no distinction between the words forty are planning for Christian "Americanization" and "Christianiza- work in Japan.

tion," or carries the implication that Jews, or people of other religions Japanese Church In Oakland W and other' races, are not good Amer- ORK for Japanese in Oakland, Cal., was begun sixteen years icans. No Church should use the term 'Americanization' as a cloak ago, and two years later a Congrega- tor proselyting to its distinctive re- tional Church was organized there, ligious views." with Rev. S. Okubo as pastor and Christian work may properly in- in two years became self-supporting.

,clude the effort to produce better Their increasing numbers called for citizens but Christian propaganda more room, and' under the leader- shonlJ not be disguised under the ship of a new pastor, Rev. K. Nu- cloak "t .mericanization. kaga, the church assumed the task Medica. W,wk for Indians of securing a new place of wor- ship.. The Japanese themselves gave ' NEW department of home $3000, and the Congregational A mission effort is proposed in the Church Erection Board supplied a decision to open medical work for grant for the remainder needed.

the Indians who, like their Alaskan The dedication of the new buildin~ cousins, are greatly in need of was held recently with five Japanese

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

and five American ministers partic- offered by grateful devotees who ipating. Four of the charter mem- suppose they have. had lost animals bers have returned to Japan as in- restored to them by the idol.

fluential Christian preachers, others are at work in different localities Neglected South Arlerica T along the coast. Seventy-two active HE greatest stretch of unevan- gelized territory in the world lies members remam at the parent church. in the center of South America, in- Ameriean–Japanese Relations cluding the interior of Brazil, Ven- ezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, A GROUP of men representing Bolivia and Paraguay. An irregular Californian interests met with territory some two thousand miles Japanese business men ea<;h morning long and from five hundred to fifteen for eight successive days last March hundred miles in width, includes only to discuss ways of improving the two or three missionaries. In north- relationship between the two coun- ern Brazil there are seven states, tries. with populations ranging from that A second gtQup of eastern busi- of Maine to that of New Jersey, with ness men· went to Japan in April no foreign missionary.

for conference along similar lines. Gospel Herald.

Japanese leaders are placing high hopes in the World Sunday School A Call from Peru I Convention in Tokyo in October as N SOUTHERN Peru, high in a means of dispelling international the Andes and north of Lake suspicion. Titicaca, is a region almost exclu- sively occupied by descendants of LATIN AMERICA the ancient Incas. They are indus- Miracles in Mexico trious, docile, but down trodden, SOSTEN HUERTAS, a mountain poor and ignorant of the greatness villager of Northern Mexico, who of their forefathers. Those who can neither read nor write, may be have had the privilege of educatiolJ.

said to have a real genius for busi- have proved their worth,' several I).ess. Twenty years ago he bou~ht having risen to high positions. The from a wood carver a crude image province of Azangaro, the center of of the crucified Christ, and after- this region, is the most densely ward gave out the following in- popUlated district of Peru. The mis- genious account of how he came into sion farm, conducted by the Evan- possession of it. Looking for his gelical Union of Sow.th America, oxen in the early morning in a dense so impressed the Indians of Azan- forest, his amazed eyes beheld this garo that a group of them requested figure of Christ resting on the stump a teacher and missionary for their of a Madrona tree. He removed 1t district. They stated that they be- to his house, called the priest to lieved the Christian teaching to be bless it as a miraculous appearance true, but that they needed to be taught and named it "The Christ of the how to live it, and offered to give Madrona." their labor, the only resource they Since then Huertas carries his' had, to establish work among their image from place to place, and every- people.

where is followed by eager crowds of worshippers. On a cord hang- Chile Striving AgaInst Odds A ing about the image are tiny silver LTHOUGH Chile is suffering from an epidemic of beggars as arms, feet, hearts, indicating that the donor has been healed by the image a result of the world war and the '"1n that particular part of his ,body. consequent. crippling of her indus- Silver mules, oxen and sheep are tries, there has been a steady in-

crease in the number of church mem- Drunkenness in the Sudan bers, in volunteer workers, students THE British Government profor the ministry and in circulation hibits the sale of whiskev to the of evangelical literature. Temper- Sudanese, but there is much illegal ance is also steadily gaining ground. traffic in a low grade of alcohol at Representatives of many old Spanish exhorbitant prices. Much of this families who own large wine industries have cooperated to prevent en- unlawful business is in the control forcement of prohibition laws, but of Greeks. A native drink called the temperance, forces feel that in- "marisa," made of corn, is more discriminate selling of liquor has intoxicating than whiskey. One rarely finds a Sudanese that has not been permanently checked. been brought up on "marisa." A Proposed Work for Paraguay mother only laughs when her child begins to reel with drunkenness, and rpHE Disciples Church has as- the quantities they are able to con- sume is amazing. A Syrian phy- .1 sumed responsibility for the evan- sician who has practiced for eighteen years among the Sudanese says that gelization of Paraguay. This is gallons are consumed each day by called "The Barefoot Republic," not one person. It follows that the race because of its poverty of natural falls an easy' prey to all manner of resources but because of its defective disease. moral and educational teaching. Paraguay statesmen are eager to remedy this lack, and welcome the proposed mission program. This M'Moslem Favoritism in Nigeria program covering five years calls for R. W. J. W. ROOME, who two institutional centers, eight recently traversed the whole of churches. and eight out-stations, one high school, one agricultural school, the Sudan from the Nile to Nigeria one hospital, one orphanage and an on behalf of the British and Foreign industrial school,-all , to be manned Bible Society, confirms the proby fourteen Americans and thirty- Moslem bias of British officials, and two Paraguayans. declares that this policy is doing Learning Language from the Africans more than anything else to oppose NOT THE least difficulty in the Christianity in Equatorial Africa: missionary's language study in He instances the case of the Su- Africa is that of persuading the dahese battalions which are recruited native to teach him. Money has from the pagan tdbes, but have a no particular appeal when he has Mohammedan official attached to to work for it. The natives are each unit, while no Christian teaching not born teachers, and usually their is allowed. Every Government post mind dwells upon what they expect in Anglo-Egyptian Sudan thus be- to buy with their wages, rather than comes a center of Mohammedan in- upon thoroughness of effort. Often fluence. Mr. Gilbert Dawson, Sec- the teacher assumes a downcast air, retary of the Sudan United Mission, and observes how tired he is, or how in a brief report, stated that there much more another missionary paid were jndications that hindrances put him. Every,time the missionary in a .in the way of pioneer work on the chance conversation with a native, part of their missionaries by the produces his note book to enter a Government would be removed. He new word, the African at once reported many signs of promise in strikes a professional pose and de- Nigeria, especially at Ibi, where the mands pay for his services. Many influence of a young Mohammedan of the Africans have some kind of teacher recently converted was pro- impediment in their speech, which ducing a strong impression.

furth~r increases the difficulty. The Christian.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Sugar Industry in Nigeria Missionary Society immediately on graduation from college. He had EFFORTS to encourage the na- tive of West Africa to develop settled down to work in a country his land have been attended with success, as is instanced by the in- parish in Cape Colony when the disauguration of a large sugar industry in northern Nigeria, under the direc- covery of gold in the Transvaal drew tion of the Church Missionary So- away from his neighborhod a group ciety. This enterprise has led to the formation of a cooperative associa- of ambitious young men. The mintion, the shares of which are held ister equally ambitious, though with by African Christians. It has al- a passion much different from their ready been possible to supply good sugar to hundreds of Europeans and gold hunger, determined to follow Africans, scattered in places 800 them. In the raw young mining miles apart. camp of Johannesburg he gathered Mohammedanism in the Congo together twenty-six men who had not left their religion behind in the gold MOSLEMS in the Congo Free rush, and they built what wasknpwn State, says a wriler in the in those days as "the little tin Congo News, make no attempt ,to church." From that beginning has proselyte among the blacks because developed a wonder institutional work they think them incapable of learn- whose spiritual, social and educational ing and unworthy of being taught. adaptations now occupy a group of Out of a population of over a fifty buildin~s, including a complete thousand at Wayika not more than "manual training and domestic twenty go to the mosque to worship science institute." The present memand it is doubtful if the Arab chants bership of the church is 1,600. Mr. are intelligible to those who go. In Phillips himself, it is said, does not the surrounding native towns there regard his efforts as having by any is no tendency toward Islam. means met the need of the field, and is planning additional expansion in several directions.

The Continent.

Finnish Mission Among Ovambos MIssion Growth in Transvaal FI~N!SH Protestants carry. on AN IMPRESSIVE feature of mission work among five tnbes Transvaal mission work is the of Ovamboland, on the frontier be- large number of voluntary African tween Angola and Southwest Africa. workers. Two thousand seven hun- The initial effort was very discour- dred and fifty local preachers go aging. After thirteen years the. first out each week to minister to their five converts were baptized in 1883. own countrymen. This is four times Today there are about 3500 Chris- the number of native workers in the tians there and between 1500 and year 1902. The total gifts for Chris- 2000 scholars attend the mission tian educational work amounts to schools, where they are taught Bible about $260,000 annually. Scriptures history, catechism, singing and in some sixty languages are sold to mathematics. The mission also sup- Rand mine employees, and, as an ports a hospital and dispensary. illustration of the influence of this work, a church has been found 600 What grew from a Tin Church miles from Johannesburg that had been gathered together by one man AN INTERESTING church is converted at the mines. the local Congregational organization of Johannesburg, South Af- Egypttan Women and Progress rica. Its organizer and pastor, Rev. ,Charles Phillips, went out to Africa AN ARABIC daily paper, Valley as a representative of the London of the Nile, has an article on the

ceremony in commemoration of the ical Seminary of Cairo, The Koran, death of Mustafa Kamel, founQer of the life of Mohammed, the teachthe political party kDown as "Na- ing of the mystic Ghazali and Mostionalists," and reflecting the new lem belief in general are dealt with. attitude regarding women. This is an important influence in training the Copt to evangelize his "No fewer than 200 women went Moslem fellow countrymen. on their pilgrimage to the tomb of Mustafa Kamel. They all stood be- American Mission School Houses side the grave, proving that the Egyptian woman has acquired a new AN ENGLISHMAN observes social and political position in so- that: ciety. "Wherever the Germans go, you find an arsenal i wherever the "The more the woman progresses French go, you find a railroad i in life, the more the community wherever the British go; you find a strides forward, subduing difficulties customs house i and wherever the in the way.of a more advanced life, Americans go, you find a schooland it is for this that we wish to house." raise the Egyptian to a higher level." Five hundred American school- The Egyptian woman is groping houses are scattered between Confor the place she longs to occupy. stantinople and the Nile, and it is She will not find it by making pil- true that the American teacher is grimages to a dead patriot's tomb. always accorded the right of way in the Near East. It is significant Cooperation in Egypt that the leading men and women of that territory are graduates of Amer- A CONFERENCE of missionaries ican schools. The Mohammedans are coming to realize that they have . was held last November in Cairo, no form of education which will at which the Egypt General Mis- measure up to modern conditions. Their curriculum and methods have sion, the American Mission (United no connection with present day liv- ing, and aim to develop the memory . Presbyterian) World's Sunday School rather than the intellect. However reluctant America may be to enter a Association, British and Foreign political mandatory, she is bound to uphold the educational mandate al- Bible Society, Nile Mission Press ready established.

and the Church Missionary Society INDIA were represented. What is to be Indian Characteristics termed the Egyptian Inter-Mission THERE is a complete absence of . secrecy about religious observance Council was organized and a con- in India. Religion is the supreme interest, and one can almost never stitution adopted. The North Af- hold a ten minute conversation with an Indian without touching on somerica Mission, the Holland MissiOl., thing religious. There is neither os- tentation nor shyness. One walks the American Bible Society and the along the street with a Hindu and suddenly, 'without interruption to Y. M. and Y. W. C. A. will also the conversation, his hands are lifted in supplication to the deity supposed be entitled to membership. It is to dwell in the temple he happens to be passing. contemplated that in addition to serving as a general medium of reference for cooperating missions in matters of common' interest the Council will provide a recognized medium between the missionary body in Egypt, the local government and missionary Boards in America and Europe. .

Copts Study Islam I NTEREST is growing among Coptic student,s in the special course of instructIOn on Islam,. given in the United Presbyterian Theolog-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

When "morning watch" is observed to assume responsibility or acquire at a Christian students' camp there a power of discipline when good is no search for privacy for devo- manners in India require her to hide tions. One student sits up in bed behind every tree she passes as an and reads his Bible, probably aloud; evidence of modesty, and to weep another prays aloud under a tree; openly at every untoward happenor looking through an unshuttered ing, from a death in the family to a window may be seen a man praying blot on her examination paper. silently, with clasped hands. Each race has its own contribution to Changes in the demeanor of young. make to well rounded Christian char- women in Buchanan Institution, Traacter. vancore, within the past ten years are very marked. Their dignity does Reverence for Jesus Christ not collapse when they have some- thing to say, and they are able to THE reverence for Christ which behave with circumspection and is inculcated in mission schools tact in the presence of men. A girl and colleges is exemplified in a let- of twenty will conduct a service in ter from a Hindu student from the school chapel with an audience Ceylon, who has recently returned to of over two hundred, and sometimes his own land after three years spent she contributes an article on some in a mission college of India. He missionary topic to a Malayan perwrote: iodical. Much of this development is due to the encouragement with "I have seen practical Christianity which the fathers, brothers and there, and I am grateful to God for uncles look upon the new or:der. all the opportunity. My relationship to the Lord Jesus has been made A Challenge to God in India more and more strong. My theosophical studies made me approach A WRITER in The Christian the Christ's name with the greatest Patriot of Madras relates an inreverence. My theoretical belief has cident analogous to Elijah's conflict become practical. Though not a with the prophets of Baal. A temple Christian in the narrow sense, I claim ministrant in a famous Hindu temple a devoted fellowship of the Lord challenged an Indian Christian by Jesus. How much I am fit to call promising he would make his gods myself a follower of the Great come down on the Christian if he Teacher I do not know. He has art would attend the temple worship.' abiding place in my heart." The challenge was accepted and a large assembly gathered to witness C. M. S. Review. the scene, February 27.

New Chlldren's Magazine The Christian was seated in a central place, facing the idols, while THE Mid-India Missionary Edu- invocations and vows were offered, cational Union has undertaken the accompanied by tom toms and other publication of a bi-monthly magazine demonstration. This continued from called the Deshody, designed .to fur- forenoon until evening, and as nothnish suitable reading matter for ing resulted, the Christian proposed children returned from school to an extension of time. Finding his their villages. The need for such efforts in vain and greatly ashamed a paper is very real, and the initial of his foolish boast, the temple minnumber was eagerly received. istrant exclaimed that he had been entirely deceived in such gods. Indian Girls' Response to Education "The Untouchables" in .Madras THE social requirements for' girls in Travancore make it difficult THE Madras Government has for them to undergo training as recently published a note on the teachers. It is not easy for a girl

depressed classes which reveals the are read and expounded. In their depth of degradation of vast numbers meeting place is a cross, with candles of these people, and brings out clearly in front of it and a mirror at the the great work being done among back. Offerings of flowers are made them by Christian missions. and at the close all partake of a sort of porridge, made of wheat, grapes In no less than six dist'ricts of and plantain. Madras Presidency more than one person in five is forbidden to come The ideal of the group is to lead within 64 feet of a higher caste. a Christ-like life. Public water supplies are forbidden in almost every village to castes Progress of Union in South India which form one sixth of the population. Only two per cent of the to- THE Councils of the South India tal number of these people are in United Church have considered school. Various missionary societies the proposals for union with the have over 3500 schools for the Pan- Anglican and the Mar Thoma Syrian chamas, with nearly 100,000 pupils, Churches, with the result that six of and not only have missions been the the Councils approve of the Union; pioneers in educating these classes two approve of further negotiation but by their resolute stand are creat- and one desires union with the stipuing a public sentiment for treating lation that the form of government them as human beings. be left to the united Church after it has become independent. This Questions still open in the matter vote empowers the executive comof educating fhe young Panchamas mittee to proceed with· plans. relate to the kind of training which is most practical,· whether a purely SIAM academic training is possibly a mistake and vocational courses are of Too large a field more value. A special committee of missionary societies will shortly tour CHIENGRUNG Station of the all India to study this problem. The Presbyterian Board has a field to Christian Central Bank is financing cover as large as New Jersey and many activities ()n behalf of Pan- Delaware, with a large part of Rhode chamas, local boards have opened Island; and when to that is added ;nore than 100 wells, and suitable the Tai Nua people the territory is land has been set aside for them in greater than all of Holland. The each district. Temperance teaching population of this section is between has been introduced by the Govern- 500,000 and 600,000 people, of whom ment, and finally a· Commissioner of about 400,000 are the Tai. There Labor has been appointed, whose are no cities in this part of Siam, duty will be the general amelioration and few large towns. This makes of the depressed classes. itineration a tremendous task, for there are 3,000 villages to be visited Secret Christians in Travancore regularly each year, but although the Board has this year he largest A WRITER . in The Christian number it has ever had, only three Patriot says that there is now an are assigned to Siam, for the needs organization in a town of Travan- are still greater elsewhere. core, composed of fifty or sixty Hindus and Mohammedans, who be- Street Preaching in Singapore lieve in Jesus Christ as Lord and Saviour. Among them are several EVANGELISTIC services in the Hindus occupying responsible posi- Chinese quarter of Singapore are tions in the Durbar. They meet for conducted by Rev. F. H. Sullivan, prayer and worship once each month of the Anglo-Chinese School conand portions of the New Testament nected with the American Methodist Mission. He is assisted by a dozen or more Christian students from the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

school and a number of Bible women. that this is the first concrete action This band Of workers first meets at against the system, and inasmuch the school for a brief prayer meet- as concubines are, as a rule, liberal ing, asking guidance in the message in their support of charitable enter- and preparation of the hearts of the prises, it is a courageous move. It people. Then they set out in motor demonstrates th~ sound reasoning wagon, with harmonium, drum, and power of modern Chinese women, as banners with Gospel texts. The au- well as their readiness to speak out dience drinks in every word of the vigorously on publi~ questions. preaching, and there are no inter- It is estimated tnat ninety-nine out ruptions, such as one would meet of everyone hundred women in in an American or European slum. China are not free. The Associa- After the service, Gospels are sold tion believes that there is small pos- for one cent, and there is always a sibility of securing the passage of rush to buy. laws against concubinage, since Union Medical College the majority of high officials them- selves support concubines. The first THE China Medical Board is step, therefore, is to create a senti- spending upward of five million ment against it, and the Association dollars on land, building and equip- is sending out eighty or ninety ment for the new Union Medical women to speak on the subject, and College and hospitals, which it is are counting on the cooperation of hoped will be completed next year, Chinese women in other parts of the and will probably be one of the most country.

adequately equipped medical schools in the world. Great care is being The Gospel by Boat exercised in the selection of the MISS FLORENCE DR E W, faculty to ensure its Christian char- whose work in connection with acter, and make the institution "a the South China Boat Mission has distinct contribution to missionary been exceedingly fruitful, writes on endeavor." March 29: New Cente"" in China "Two weeks ago we reached the high water mark in our services. THE ideal conditions for success- There were over 100 at the regular .ful missionary work are sympa- morning service. Following this thetic cooperation on the part of four were baptized, two women, one Christian forces, cordial receptive- man and one boy-all of whom I feel ness on the part of the people and have true faith in Christ. At the an adequate staff of workers. All communion service which followed the this is true of Hopei, the new baptism there were 37 present, the modern city laid out by Yuan Shih largest number we have ever had at Kai. The first Christian Church in a communion service. We will soon Hopei was. organized in the autumn have to have a larger boat. At morn- of 1918·; it now has twenty-five mem- ing prayers there are so many come bers and in time will have a build- in that we are almost crowded out ing. Four families with two addi- of our sitting room, and on Thurs- tional women missionaries of the day nights, at the regular Bible study American Board are at work there. and prayer meeting, we are com- pletely crowded out."

Chinese Women Combat Concubinage HE Chinese Women's Patriotic Twenty-Five Years of the Y. M. C. A. T . Association of Tientsin has taken M.. C. A. work in China was Y up the fight against concubinage by • begun twenty-five years ago, an announcing that this class is not event which was celebrated last '

eligible for membership. It is said spring at Tientsin. Today there are

in China thirty city Associtl.tio~s and schools, in addition to maintaining one hundted and seventy student its own Sunday-schools at Hyogo, Associations. Fifty delegates came Ode, Shioya and Tarumi. The five a distance of more than 2000 miles women who graduated last year be- to attend the convention, and two gan their work in September – in representatives from Chengtu were places as widely separated as Hok- thirty days on the way. kaido and Nagasaki. The present The present membership of the highest class spent the required five Chinese Y. M.C. A. is 46,530. It months in field work so successfully has the backing of all classes, from that all have been sought for per- the coolie returned from the war manent service in the churches to to the highest official of the nation. which they were sent. About half Moreover, its dominant note is the students are self-supporting.

evangelism and it maintains close'

relation to the Church. Nearly A ~ion at the Fuknoka Exposition A 13,000 voluntary enrolments in Bible N EXPOSITION of electrical machinery and appliances was classes were reported last year.

JAPAN–<JHOSEN held at Fukuoka, March 20 to May Laymen Assume Task 10. The churches of Fukuoka, as- sisted by missionaries from other A LAYMEN'S mass meeting was parts, of Kyushu, united in union held in Kyoto in April at which evangelistic work on the Exposition representatives from many churches grounds, each church being respon- were present. The ,purpose of the sible for a definite number of days.

meeting was to stir up more interest The authorities granted a suitable in evangelistic work, and to discuss location, on which a temporary chapel ways of enlisting those who have was built, attractive in appearance.

become more or less indifferent. A Tea was served throughout the day, deep sense of responsibility resting and· every hospitality shown to those upon the Japanese church in present who came. This occasion offered ex- conditions was manifest, and a de- cellent opportunity for publicity not termination was expressed to make only through the services which were the most of the opportunity. in progress about five hours each It was decided to undertake two day, but through the thousands of definite tasks, first, to concentrate tracts distributed.

effort for the next three years upon churches in important cities with the Education by Pictures T idea of bringing them to the point ofHE motion picture offers the social and religious worker in self-support, as it was recognized that until this can be accomplished Japan both a challenge and an op- the influence of the Church on So- portunity. On one hand it tends ciety is greatly limited; and second, to develop a newspaper headline to try to persuade each congregation type of thinking, and cultivates an to double everything in their statis- emotional excess which is apt to be tics. a liability. On the other hand the A committee, was chosen, sub- possibility of stimulating social re- scriptions were taken and over 300 form se'ntiment is sufficiently en- yen were realized on the spot. couraging to make the experiment worth a trial. A company for the Woman's Evangelistic School production of the best educationa:l THE Kobe Woman's Evangelistic and philanthropic films has been School has an average attendance formed in Tokyo, and shows a w'illof twenty, three of the students ingness to take suggestions from being Koreans. The School has fur- missionaries and others working for nished teachers for seven Sunday- social uplift. Cooperation between

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

the missionaries and local picture Successful Work in Ph1l1ppines managers ,opens up a field of work for improving international relation- GUIHULNGAN is an outpost of ships, fighting the liquor traffic, im- the Dutnaguete station, of the proving industrial conditions and Presbyterian Board, and has the above all, leading people to accept strongest church of this province of the message of Christianity. the Philippines. Work was begun there'ten or twelve years ago and The Bible in Korean SchoolS since then 1324 adults have been baptised. The field is divided into N VIEW of the fact that th~ twelve districts, in each of which I Japanese Government has been a Sunday-school is organized, the placing increasing obstacles in the whole territory comprising over 30,- way of religious teaching being given 000 people. in the Mission schools, we are glad to read in a letter received from Dr. Dr. Pedley in Micronesia Avison of the Severance Union Med- ical College in Seoul; "We have been 'IN VIEW of the fact that Japan cheered lately by new regulations has taken over from Germany the which permit the teaching of the Bible and the holding- of religious exercises Carolina and Marshall Islands the in private schools. Severance and American Board appointed Dr. Ped- . the Chosen Korean Christian College ley, secretary of the' Japan Mission, have secured the right to give in- to visit these islands and report. struction in any language desired- Dr. Pedley writes his first impres- Korean, Japanese, and English." sions as follows: j "We are in the heart of an im- mense lagoon of fifty odd islands ISLANDS OF THE SEA surrounded by a white coral reef more than one hundred miles in Twenty Years in the Ph1l1pptnes circumference. In the whole lagoon are about 10,000 natives, twenty- A SUMMARY of the first twenty seven Protestant churches, and say years of Presbyterian work in 3,000 Christians. These will all be the Philippines contains some in- under the superintendence· of Mr. teresting facts. Up to the time the Yamaguchi, who came here three United States came into possession weeks ago, and Mr. Terui who is of the islands no Protestant mis- expected in another month. They sionary work had ever been success- will certainly have their hands full, ful among the fanatical Filipinos. but· the Government gives them Anv venturesome person who offered facilities in getting about the islands a Bible to a native risked his life. so that they can do much. Admiral But with the protectorate of Amer- Nozaki assured me that he would ica came religious freedom, and at do everything he could to further the end of the first six years, sta- Christian interests here, recognizing tions had been established in seven 'that the pres(:mt peaceable condition provinces, and the gospel message of the islands-both Caroline and was being carried, not so much by Marshall-was due in very large missionaries as by Filipinos them- measure to the efforts of the Amer- selves. The latest project is a united ican missionaries. In the afternoon, church for the Philippines. To this we walked two miles to the biggest end a committee was formed six native church, where in half an hour, years ago, and a plan of federation at the call of a real New England was laid out. But the Filipinos are bell, more than one hundred natives not yet united either in politics or came out of the woods, the women religion, and independent movements bedecked in all the colors of the have been many. It is hoped that rainbow, and the men more soberly within a few years this factional arrayed in anything from undershirt spirit will have disappeared.

and trousers to a costume supple- best effort to teaching Old Testament mented by collar, necktie, bright head in the Japan Baptist Theological combs, well greased locks, etc. A Seminary. During the summer seachoir of thirty men and women gave sons he conducted evangelistic work us beautiful music in three parts, in the mountain province of Shinshiu. soprano, alto and bass. The natives He was one of four missionaries seem very docile and well mannered, selected to cooperate with Japanese and Mr. Nozaki's band has in the scholars in revising the Japanese present Christian constituency, a New Testament. In addition to the nucleus for doing a great work." volume "Captain Bickel of the Inland Sea" he published several volumes OBITUARY NOTE of verse. In Japanese also his lit- erary output was of a high order. Mrs. Shepard of Aintab Rev. W. A. Reimert of China MRS. FREDERICK DOUGLAS Shepard of Aintab, daughter of REV. W. A. REIMERT, a mis- Claudius Buchanan Andrews, died on siona'ry of the Reformed Church June 4th in Orange, New Jersey. in U. S,' was killed on June 13 in Mrs. Shepard was born in Hawaii an attack on the Mission in Yochow, in 1856, and served as a missionary China, by Chinese troops, in their under the American Board in Turkey retreat frorri Changsha, which had from 1882 until 1918, when she re- been occupied by troops of the turned 'to America. Dr. Shepard Southern Chinese Republic, Strong died in 1915. representations to the Chinese Gov- ernment have been made by the In 1889, after the Armenian mas- American Legation at Peking as a sacres and famine, Mrs. Shepard or- result of the tragedy. ganized extensive lace industries for' the relief of Armenian women and Mr. Reimert went to the field in girls in Aintab, Oorfa and else- China in 1902. At the time of his where. The proceeds of this work death he was acting President of went to establish schools. Mrs. Huping College at Yochow. Shepard was also instrumental in introducing Sunday-schools into the Miss Collins of Dakota 'Gregorian Church. REV. MARY C. COLLINS, fOf William Fonlke of New York thirty-five years a missionary among the Indians of Dakota, died WILLIAM FOULKE, Treasurer at Keokuk, Iowa, on May 25. From , of the American Bible Society, 1875 to 1884 she worked among the for thirty-four years the treasurer Sioux, Indians and then went to the of the Washington Square Home for unoccupied field of Sitting Bull's Friendless Girls and trustee of the people. For several years she lived Society for the relief of the destitute entirely alone, traveling by team over blind, died at New Rochelle, July 1. large areas. She lived to see savage He was seventy-three years old. Indians become active church mem- bers, with small farms and happy Dr. C. 'K. Harrington of Japan homes. In 1910 she was compelled tb give up active work, but until ON MAY 13, at Albany, New last year, gave her time largely t() York, Dr. Charles Kendall Har- speaking in behalf of the Indians. rington died, after an illness of some months. He had been a missionary to Japan since 1886, devoting his

MISSIONARY LIBRARY'

China of the Chinese. By E. T. C. finds a .custom obtaining in remote Werner. Illustrated, Pp. xv, 309. New York. Charles Scribner's history and proclaims to the world Sons. $3. 1920. that such is custom today in China. The author's previous work on Chi n a, "Descriptive Sociology~ Of Missions and Christianity, the Chinese," is the basis of this sum- mary. That was an unwieldly tome, author has little to say"":"'some two larger than an atlas and part of it arranged in .parallel columns for pages in all. He doubts whether the quij:k reference; this is usable and a iC~hritisstivanotafariieths can ever predominate joy to peruse. For many years Mr. hold to their present Werner read omnivorously and made more than 10,000 excerpts from views as to ancestor-worship which Chinese and Occidental sources.. Not he deems inseparable from Chinese one volume in thousands has had as much research put into it as these life, at least for a long time to two have had spent upon them. ~ome. He writes: "The probability Possibly the average reader would be repelled by the technical table of IS that ancestor-worship will remain contents–environment and characters, summary of political history, the religion of China until, by graddomestic institutions, ceremonial institutions, political institutions, eccle- ual evolution, it merges, as it has siastical institutions, sentiments, ideas, language, and products-but if he largely done in Japan, into agnostiturns to anyone of these chapters and reads a few pages he will be a cism, and perhaps all the more rapidly convert to such a scientific method ?f presentation. Especially valuable owing to the absence, here as there, IS the plan of presenting information chronologically, so that a given sub- of a dominating priesthood . . . ject can be studied from the beginning of Chinese history down to the Confucius, hitherto worshipped, has twentieth century. not been deified, though it is now Having mastered his subject, Mr. Werner is entitled to positive views proposed to make him a god; and as to various matters in which his opinions vary somewhat from the if China decides to adopt a specific traditional ones. For example, his cri!icism of the tent roof theory of national religion, he will probably be Chmese architecture is interesting. So also his argument as to the orig- the god of China. Worship of an inal meaning of the Chinese character f.o~ heaven. an~ its bearing upon re- extreme kind has long been paid to lIgIOus behef IS fresh and instructive. The chronological development the spirit of the great sage, and these of Chinese ceremonial observances casts a flood of light upon the formal ceremonies were performed without life of China as he sets it forth, and condemns the ordinary writer who any lack of elaboration by the late President, and at the same time by all the representative officials in the provinces."

This volume ought to be obtained by all missionary candidates going to China; and for persons who remain at home and have any interest in that Republic, it should be secured as a reference book, for which its full index and distinct topical head- ings and paragraph insets admir.ably adapt it. Scholars will still use the author's major work, but this is the best volume in print of its class.

China Mission Year Book 1919. Edited by Rev. E. C. Lobenstine and Rev. A. L. Warnshuis. 12 mo. 398 pp.

The China 1C9o2n0.'tinMuaitsisoinonCaroymmHietatede~ Shanghai, quarters, 25 Madison Ave., New York City.

Every volume of the China ML ,ion 741

Year Book is packed with infot ma- G. Inman. The field is well covered.

tion. These are memorable days ill Then comes a series of papers on China and one needs an interpre:.er missionary principles and policies in to understand the progress of events. the light of the war. They show the Civil strife still separates the North far reaching effect of the conflict and and the South; the Shantung award the need for readjustment to meet has increased the friction with Japan new conditions. The synopsis ,of the and has stirred up the student and contents gives a wonderfuI1y clear business classes in all parts of China; idea of the substance of each section.

the Peking government is weak; the Dr. Speer, in his introduction, calls'

educational policy is still in process attention to the missionary move- of formation; the philanthropic and ment as an instrumentality of peace, Christian movements have aroused righteousness and good will in the many Chinese to higher standards. world. At the same time Christian The opportunity is great and the teaching is revolutionary in its in- problems are many. fluence on non-Christian peoples.

This volume of the year book be- "Whatever you may be told to the con- gins with surveys of the 'general situ- trary," said Sir Bartle Frere, formerly ation in China from foreign and Governor of Bombay, "the teaching Chinese writers. Then follow chap- of Christianity among 160,000,000 of ters on the Churches and Missions. civilized, industrious Hindus and Mo- Part III to VI is devoted to evan- hammedans in India is effecting gelism, education, philanthropic 'work, changes, moral, social and political, and litera:ture. Part VII takes up which for- extent and rapidity of ef- many interesting subjects, such as fect are far more extraordinary than Chinese religious work among Mos- anything that you or your fathers lems, etc. The Survey, obituaries and have witnessed in modern Europe."

appendices complete the volume. It Dr. Speer says in conclusion: "In is invaluable for reference. Christ alone today is the power of The Missionary Outlook in the Light saving men and of redeeming society. of the War. Edited by the Com- To give Him to the world is to do mittee on the War and the Relig- the work the world needs more than ious Outlook. Dr. Wm. Adams Brown, it needs anything else. . . . There Chairman. 8 yo. 329 pp, $2.00. is one Gospel only, the Gospel of Association Press, New York. 1920, Jesus Christ as the one Saviour and Many wise and far seeing minds Lord of mankind. But there is a have been brought together in the preparation of 'this volume which fol- new demonstration ot' humanity's lows one on "Religion Among Amer- need of this Gospel and of the adeican Men." Even to read the table of quacy of the Gospel to meet that need."

contents is to have one's appetite The Influence of Animism on Islam. By Samuel M. Zwemer. 12 mo. 246 stimulated and to be stirred with a pp. $2.00. The Macmillan Co, 1920, conviction that now is a time of crisis and opportunity. The effect of the If any are ignorant of the real war is described on non-Christian sources and character of Islam or religions, Oil oriental women, on are inclined to believe that the re- Christian ,missions in India, China, ligion of Mohammed is a fair sub- Japan, Korea, Africa, Moslem lands stitute for Christianity, they will be and Latin America. These topics are disillusioned and informed by these the subject of papers by such men and illuminating lectures. Dr. Zwemer, women as Dr. Robert E. Hume, Mrs. the well known missionary to Mos- Henry W. Peabody, Dr. John E. Wil- lems and one of the world's best liams, Galen M. Fisher, James S. Gale, authorities on the subject, has given James D. Taylor, Duncan B. Mac- us a well balanced study of super- donald. Samuel M. Zwemer and S. stition and spiritism as it is seen in theory am! practice in Moslem lands. The life of this Christian Sadhu He shows how Islam sprang up in has already been described in our pagan soil and in place of uprooting July number. It is a remarkable and displacing old pagan supersti- story and the Sadhu is a remarkable tions, merely adopted and adapted man. Be is Christlike in spirit, in them. Women and children espec- poise, in dress, in habits of life, in ially live in terror of evil, spirits. service and in his message. Many of The superstitions are interesting, but his experiences also remind one many are' degrading and develop a strongly of the experiences of his religion of fear of death rather than Master on earth. Sadhu Sundar one of truth and life and love. Singh has suffered for his faith, but Animism is the foundation of the he has not sought to make others USe of the rosary and the Koran, suffer for persecuting him. When the reverence for the Kaaba, and asked if he has followers in his faith in charms, as well as of the apostolic mode of living and workbelief in the jinn, magic, sorcery, ing, he says; "No, I have no folexorcism. Followers of Moham- lowers j I myself am a follower." med are groping in darkness, and no Some of the' Sadhus escapes are candid and intelligent reader of this miraculous. His -messages are full volume can doubt their need for the of truth and of beautiful parables. Light of the World, Jesus Christ. The volume is worth reading, even though some may wonder if Oriental The Three Hour i Sermon. By Paul coloring may not account for the way Kanamori. 12 'mo. 140 pp. $1.25. some experiences are described. Fleming H. Revell Co. New York, 1920. The New Social Order: Principles and This is the Christian Message con- Programs. By Harry F. Ward.

cerning God, sin and salvation, as Pages ix, " 384. New York: 'The interpreted by a Japanese Christian Macmillan Company. $2;50. 1910.

evangelist, who has preached to' 300,- For years and especially since he 000 people. The result is 48,000 pro- began his productive work as professed conversions. Now Mr. Kan- fessor in Boston University .School amori, whose remarkable life story of Theology, and recently at Union was told in our July number, hopes Theological Seminary; Dr. Ward has to reach 3,000,000 of his f,!l1ow been a careful observer of sociocountrymen by distributing this ser- logical conditions as affected by mon among them at 5 cents a copy trends of thought, rational and (the price in Japanese). . erratic. After describing the social This volume was prepared in a order of recent years, he gives a unique way which should insure its thoughtful exposition of its five unvalue, not only to Japanese inquirers derlying principles, namely, equality, but to Christians of all lands. Dur- universal service, efficiency, the suing its preparation Mr. Kanamori premacy of personality and solidarrose every morning at 4, spent two ity. Of these the third and fourth hours in prayer, then six hours in are very critical and productive of writing the manuscript, before break- problems. Efficiency is the slogan ing his fast. After the book was of economic prosperity and the doom completed he read it to his nine year of social development, unless there is old boy and anything the lad could a common agreement as to the real not understand was rewritten more end of society and a common effort simply and directly. to secure it. Personality is certain What a great example for modern to suffer from efficiency unless the preachers! Read it. proper limits of s'ocial institutions'

Sadhu Sundar Singh. By Mrs. Arthur and democratic ideas are carefully Parker. 12 mo. 144 pp. $1.25. Flem- guarded. It is necessary for the ing H. Revell Co., 1920. Church and education to show the

safe way. Dr. Ward JIolds that the has gray matter to use in reading.

Hebrew law, the prophets and Jesus will be richly rewarded by a care- aimed to develop a community in ful study of this volume; those who which human rights were set above do not relish abstract argument, com- property rights and property was bined with facts threatening the made subordinate to the development world of our time, would better not of personality. It is a true concep- attempt to read it at all. B.

tion of the relation of property to personality that is sorely needed to- day. The problem of solidarity, t~o, The Life of General William Booth. By Harold Begbie. 2 vol. 8 vo. is most important, especially in a $10.50. The Macmillan Co. 1920. land like America. Before the ideal of Jesus is realized and all classes Several lives of the founder of the are '.'one even as We are one," the Salvation Army have been written. spirit of I;!conomic aggression that is This is the most literary in style and tearing classes apart must be exor- most complete in material, if not the cised. best balanced estimate of the man Part II is devoted to an exposi- and his work. Mr. Begbie is a tion of some of the recent programs novelist and a chronicler who has for the new order. The British written much about the Salvation labor party, the Soviet Republic of Army work, including "Twice Born Russia and the League of Nations Men" and other volumes. He has are successively and luminously dis- given us many thrilling stories of cussed, after which some movements conversion a,nd in the life of General' in the United States are considered. Booth records a multitude of stirring These latter movements have es- incidents. The Courtship of Cath· pecial interest for those who fear erine Mumford is unique and the letthe Socialist Party and its various ters she wrote to the young Wesleyschisms. The chapter. following, an minister show the strength of her upon the Churches and their Social character and the high quality of her Creed in various forms, should be mind. She was a balance wheel and studied by every minister who cares an inspiration to. her more "temperato be intelligent as to existing condi- mental" husband. Perhaps the greattions and obligations. est criticism we have of this biography The closing section of the book is that Mr. Begbie makes his own deals with the trend of progress. philosophy too prominent. He apol- The author believes that whatever ogizes for some of the General's form the new order may take, its strict beliefs and practices, and vital breath is the spirit of sacrifice obliges the reader to look through even unto death. He believes that the author's eyes to understand the this spirit is stirring in the world man and his times, rather than per- to-day, and that if it can be kept mitting the events and thl" man to alive and turned to the larger ends speak for themselves.

of world-wide good, it will usher in The narrative and historical rec- a new era of advancement. Whether ords contain many remarkable inci- the new order desired by the mul- dents and notable facts that show the titudes will now appear depends fine Christian character of the Gen- upon whether those masses have eral a…nd his noble wife, and the won- sufficient capacity for sacrifice to derful work that has been accom- send new life through the exhausted plished through the Salvation Army veins of humanity. Any person who in many lands.

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166 Filth Avenue, New .York Please mention THl£ MISsiONUY R.:vu:w O'S i'HJt WORI.D in writing to advertisers Missionary Personals RJv. SAMUJJ, M. ZWJMItR, D. D., sailed MADAM LOPI>Z RODRIGUJZ, of Figueras, Spain, daughter of an Indian official, and for Cairo, Egypt on July 8. On the way for forty-three years a missionary in he will visit England and speak at the Spain, died last March. Keswick Conf·erence. His address is % >I< >I< >I< • • • The American Mission, Cairo, Egypt. FRANK L. BROWN, American Secretary RJv. G. FRANK MOSHItR missionary of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Wusih, of the World's Sunday School Asso- China, has been elected Bishop of the ciation, has received the degree of LL. D. Philippines to succeed Bishop Brent, who from Albany College, Oregon, "in recog- has been transferred to Western New York. nition of his statesmanship in affairs of * '" >I< the Kingdom of God, and his leadership IQ:v. PllTItR MIJ,NI!, the "grand old in international friendship between the man of the New Hebrides," reached his jubilee as a missiona,ry last January. United States· and Japan." '" >I< >I< *•* MISS ANITA B. FJRRIS, author of books RllV. A. W. BAIJ,J>Y of the South Africa General Mission and ten new missionaries for young people, is making a tour of the have sailed for Portuguese East Africa Orient in quest of material for books and to establish mission stations in Angola as pageants.

• * a memorial to the late Andrew Murray. * '" RJv. >I< W. I. >I< Ph. D., of DR. RUBJN SAIUJNS, well known CHAMBJtRJ,AIN, French pastor, has conducted evangelistic the Reformed Church Board of Foreign services in Belgium and a six weeks' Missions, sailed on May 6 to visit Japan.

evangelistic campaigu in Algeria during China, India, Arabia and the Near East.

* the present year. * * >I< >I< >I< DR. EDWARD T. THWING, Secretary ~of DR. FRANCIS E. CJ,ARK, who is visiting the International Reform Bureau for the Christian Endeavor centers in Europe re- Far East, is in America on furlough.

ports that he has attended national C. E. Dr. Thwing was active in the campaigu Conventions in the new kingdoms of the to rid China of the opium traffic, and is Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and has now aiming his efforts at keeping Amer- everywhere met with cordial sympathy. ican beer out of China.

>I< >I< >I< MR. JOHN T. '"STO*NJ* of Baltimore, a RJv. J. GORDON GRAY, D. D., for many leader in many of the advance move- years pastor of; the Scotch Presbyterian Church in Rome and counselor of the ments of the Methodist Episcopal Church, evangelical churches of Italy, recently died died at his home on May 9.

in Rome at the age of eighty. • • >I< * >I< >I< DR. G. SHItRWOOD EDDY is to represent both the American Board and the Inter- MR. ARcHmALD FORDItR, missionary to national Y. M. C. A. This means that when visiting foreign lands in the inthe Arabs in Palestine who suffered long terests of the Y. M. C. A. he will engage captivity under the Turks during the war, in evangelistic work wherever the Amerwill take charge of the colportage work ican Board maintains a mission.

of the Nile Mission Press in Jerusalem. >I< >I< >I< >I< >I< >I< REV. CANON HANOVItR, head of the Lon- DR. W. T. GRJlNFI!J,J, has been elected don Society for PromotilO&" Christianity among the J ew.s, is celebraWng his fiftieth a fellow by the Royal College of Suranniversary as missionary to Jews. geons, and has been made a Gold MedaIi.st >I< >I< >I< of the National Institute of Social Scien- SIR GllORG:Jl Ll! HUNT:Jl, after servin~as ces of Amenca. Governor of Fiji,"Lt. Governor of Bntish New Guinea, and later Governor of >I< >I< >I< South Australia, has become Chairman of the Laymen's Movement of the London RJv. AKIRA EBIZAWA, pastor of the Missionary Society. Sapporo Kumiai Church in Japan, was a delegate to the Congregational Inter- >I< >I< >I< national Council in Boston.

MR. A. R. HOARJ, one of the best * * >I< known missionaries to Alaska, was shot BISHOP FRANK W. W ARNI!, of the Methodist Episcopal Church returned to by a demented assistant. With the ex- India with his wife and daughter on July 1. ception pf Rev. J. W. Chapman, Mr. >I< >I< >I< Hoare was longest in service among DR. ARTHUR J. BROWN, one of the Protestant Episcopal missionaries to Secretaries of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, sailed for Europe July Alaska. * >I< >I< 3 as chainnan of the Committee on th. FRJlDJRICK A. GASKINS, Secretary Fraternal Relations of the Federal Council of the Boston Congregational Club, has of Churches to attend the series of P.rotestant Conferences to be held during been elected treasurer of the American the summer. He will first visit Vienna Board following the resignation of Mr. and Budapest Frank H. Wiggin. NEW BOOKS ON MISSIONS ftlontgolDerylVard & Company The Argonauts of Faith. By Basil Ma- thews. 12mo. 184 pp. $1.50. Geo H. Doran Co., New York. 1920.

A Pioneer of New Guinea- The story Manufadurers and Esporterl of Albert Maclaren. By Edgar Rog- of General Merchandise ers. 390 pp. 3s. Society for the Pro- pagation of the Gospel, London, 1920.

Modern Japan-Its Political, Military Have catered to the requirelDeD.tJ of and Industrial Development. By W. Missionaries In all parts of the world, M. McGovern. 404 pp. 15s. Fisher for over 2~ years. Unwin, London. 192Q. You are Invited The Rebirth of Korea. By Hueng-Wo Cynn. 12mo. 270 pp. $1.50. The .to write Cor a copy oC our la~e Catalor Abingdon Press, New York. 1920. of reneral Merchandise and our special Korean Treaties. Compiled by Henry Missionary Circular Chung. 226 pp. $3.00. H. S. Nich- ols, New York, 1919.

A History of the Indian Nationalist We guarantee safe delivery Movement. By Sir Verney Lovett. anywhere 299 pp. 12s. Mu.rray. London. 1920.

Indian Nationality. By R. W. Gilchrist. MONTGOMERY WARD &: COMPANY 246 pp. Longmans, Greene & Co., New York. 1920. Mlulonary Bureau CHICACO, ILL. c.. America's Stake in the Far East. By H. Fahs. 12mo. 170 pp. $0.95. Association Press, New York 1920.

The Ne'ar East. By Wm. H. Hall. GORDON 12mo. 230 pp. Interchurch Press, New York. 1920. ~ Bible In Brigands' Hands and Turkish Pris- ons. By A. Forder. 314 pp. 12s. 6d. Marshall, London. 1920.

The Influence of Animism on Islam. By S. M. Zwemer. 12mo. 246 pp. $2.00 M,acmillan, New York. 1920.

The Black Man's Burden. By E. D. V'College Morel. 241 pp. 3s. 6d. National Labor Press, Manchester, Eng. 1920.

Empire and Commerce in Africa. By T HEOLOGICAL. Missionary. Reli- Leonard Woolf. 447 pp. 20s. Allen gious-Educational College course of & Unwin, London. 1920. 4 years, college degree of T. B. Grad_ uate school of Theology, 3 year course Zanzibar: The Island Metropolis of graduate· degree of B. D. Two year Eastern Africa. By Maj. F. B. coDegiate training course. Interdenom- Pearce. Illus. 454 pp. 305. Fisher inational. Of full college and graduate Unwin, London. 1920. grade, with a wide range of studie•• per- meated by a remarkable evangelical The South African Commonwealth. By spirit. Notable faculty and st1.!dent M. Nathan. 483 pp. $7.50 Geo. H. body. New and beautiful fireproof Doran, New York. 1920. buildings, with dormitories. Organized religious work. Self.support. For cat. The Napoleon of the Pacific. Kame- alog and correspondence address hameha the Great. By Herbert H. Gowen. 326 pp. $2.00. Fleming H. NATHAN R. WOOD, President Revell, New York, 1920. Cordon Bible College Boston, Mass.

A Jewish View of Jesus. By H. G. Enelow. 181 pp. The Macmillan Co., Ne'r York. 1920.

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The Army and Religion. Edited by D. S. Cairns. 447 pp. $2.00 Associa- tion Press, New York. 1920.

New York City The Disease and Remedy of Sin. By Mission Society W. Mackintosh Mackay. 8vo. 307 pp. Geo. H. Doran, New York. 1920. Mrs. A. F. SCHAUFFLER, Firat Directress The Christian Adventure By A. Her- Special advantages are offered in bert Gray. 12mo. 134 pp. Associa- Bible Study and practical work to tion Press, New York. 1920. young women desiring to enter upon city, home orforeign field work. Some Aspects of International Chris- Address your request for prospect- tianity. By John Kelman. 12mo. us to 167 pp. $1.00. The Abingdon Preas, New York, ~920. MISS EDITH B. WHITF, Executive Sec. The Church ~d the Community. By Room 401, 105 East 2Zd St., New York City R. E. Diffendorfer. 177 pp. $0.75. Council of Women for Home Mis- sions. New York, 1920.

J. Wilbur Chapman. A Biography. By Ford C. Ottman. 8vo. 326 pp. $2.50. Dou.bleday, Page & Co., New York. 1920.

".' ~"$lOO.OO Frank Higgins, Trail Blazer. By Thos. D. Whittles. 12mo. 148 pp. $0.75. Infor Your Church terchurch Press, New Y ork. 1920~ Today's ·Housewife has helped Jewish Title to Asia Minor. By R. H'. churcJie~ lilt o;er the country McCartney. 12mo. 149 pp. $0.75. to raise funds in a refined, dig- Fleming H. Revell. 1920. nified manner. Far superior to the usuill, threadbare, tiring Twenty-Four Missionary Travelogues. supper. sociable or bazaar. 8vo. 182 pp. $1.00. Reformed Church Not a cent of expense or risk. in America. 25 E. 22nd St., New Write tcday for details, Church York. 1920. A~4 Department, The Missionary Principles and Prac- tice of the United Evangelical Church. By Benj. H. Niehel. Map. 288 pp. United Evangelical Church Board Harrisburg, Pa. 1920.

)3y An Introduction to Anthropology. E. O. James. 259 pp. $1.75. Mac- millan, New York. 1920.

Animism, or Thought Currents of Primitive Peoples. By G. W. Gil- more, 250 pp. $1.50. Marshall Jones, Boston, 1919.

Today's Housewife, Devil Worship, The Sacred Books and Traditions of the Yezidiz. By Isya 100 Main St. Joseph. 508 pp. $2.30. Richard G. Cooperstown, New York Badger, Boston, 1920 .

, A Practical Kurdish Grammar. By L.

O. Fossum. 279 pp. Lu.theran Orient-Mission Society, Mayville, No. Dakota. 1920.

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THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, NOVEMBER, I9I4 SOME QUESTIONS ANSWERED IN THIS NUMBER PREPARED BY MRS. F. M. GILBERT, BROOKLYN, N. Y.

I. Where does a paper bag do the work of a tract? 2. Why did the African chief order the women to join the Chris- tians? 3. In the minds of Chinese thinkers what is the chief requirement of religion? 4. Seeking God by following the course of the sun, what did the Kongo natives find? 5. How near did the number of conversions come to the number prayed for by the evang-elistic committee? 6. Why did the South American say he would not wait to see the grain weighed? 7. Why is it difficult to count the Canadian Eskimo by families? 8. How did the chart affect the small boy's prayer? 9. As the Christian Endeavor secretary went to the war, what was his prayer? 10. How did the difference in motive affect the character of the early immigrations to California and to Oregon? I I. The centenary of what event is to be celebrated in New Zealand in December? 12. What unexpected invitation did the Persian official receive? 13. When the young man's mother looked through the keyhole, what did she see? 14. In what country are government officials giving lectures on the effects of alcohol? IS. Instead of a knife and a bottle, what does the Indian now carry home? r6. What was the score in the novel relay race? r7. In what publication are the achievements of missions celebrated in epic verse? 18. How m;my ceremonies have been necessary for the inauguration of Uganda's Christian king? 19. iVhat type of appeal won missionary volunteers at the English college? 20. When the Kopu Chinese came to the harvest festival, what book did they bring with them?

FALLS OF SNAKE RIVER

The river here is 1,000 feet wide and falls 210 feet MOUNT HOOD, OREGON, ONE OF THE GREAT PEAKS OF THE SIERRA NEVADA RANGE TYPICAL SCENES ON THE WESTERN AMERICAN FRONTIER

~y W

Vol. XXXVII, No. Il E D Old Senes NOVEMBER, 1914 Vol. XXVII. No. II New Series II SIGNS FTHETIMES i THE INFLUENCE OF THE WAR ON commerce received a staggering blow but it was for a time impossible to A MISSIONS send money to workers in India, Tur- LREADY the widespread distress key and other fields. In Turkey, caused by the fratricidal strife in horses. camels, and donkeys have been Europe is being felt throughout the taken for the army, and all men who world. The reports of the effect of the could do so have fled to cover to eswar on mlSSlOns, given on another cape being drafted. This has caused page, present only a faint idea of the the closing of mission presses and situation. other institutions. The West Africa Mission, which is in German territory, Naturally, the German missions are is shut off from communication with most deeply affected at present. The America and Europe, and South twenty-six Protestant societies sup- America is feeling the suppression of port over two thousand German and European trade. The Board has 9.000 native workers, in some. 3.500 been obliged to authorize missionstations and outstations, scattered in aries to sell mission property in various parts of China, in Japan, in India, Persia and elsewhere, in order Eastern, Western, and South Africa, to obtain funds for food, if necessary. in Turkey, Persia, Russia, India, Micronesia, Latin America, the East From Busrah, Turkish Arabia, Indies and Australasia. The workers comes a letter from a missionary, in these lands are now cut off from reporting unusual excitement among the homeland and are without money. Moslems on the eve of the feast of Some of the German colonies are al- Ramazan. Many open threats are ready captured and in others there is uttered against Christians, and disconflict with British, French, or Jap- astrous results are feared if Turkey anese forces. should enter the conflict.

The Presbyterian Board (U. S. A.) The brighter side of the European reports world-wide conditions un- struggle is in the sobering of muItiparalleled in history. Not only has The edjtor~ seek t(' pre~erve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by con· tributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS.

tudes as they face the realities of ruin awakenings have often taken place and death. There is also the op- in the darkest hours of history. In portunity offered for self-sacrifice times of distress men look to God and heroism, and for the exhibition of for help, and when earthly possesforbearance and the spirit of service .sions seem insecure Christians are and brotherly love even toward an often more ready to lay up treasure enemy. It is possible, too, that this in heaven. breaking of the war cloud may clear the atmosphere, so that the spirit of Surely there is no need to urge warfare may be laid low, neighbors upon Christians everywhere the duty may forget their petty quarrels and and privilege of earnest prayer to selfish rivalries, religious liberty may Almighty God that the Spirit of Christ be given a broader application, and may soon dominate the policies and common suffering may prove a bond plans of governments and peoples, of brotherhood. Already the Czar and that the war may not retard the has promised new privileges to the work of Christ, but may be over- Jews, and new liberties to Poland. ruled to open larger opportunities for A cablegram from Petrograd says the preaching and acceptance of the that Russian Methodists are helping Gospel of Christ. Christians in the wounded and there are new op- America and England and even in portumtles for the Gospel. The France and Germany should not be people of India have showed an un- so engrossed and disturbed by the expected spirit of loyalty to Great distress of the present strife that Britain, and the domestic strife in they neglect the eternal and spiritual Ireland and on the part of suffra- mission of the Church. Out of cirgists has been quieted-at least for cumstances of suffering and difficulthe present. It is difficult as yet t ties come the heroism and self-sacrisee the benefits that Germany and fice "vhich are so radically linked Austria will derive from the struggle with the advancement of the Kingin the event of their defeat, and years dom of Christ. must elapse before wounds will be healed, so that the spirit of brotherly Since the days of the Son of Man love shall prevail such as was mani- on earth and the hour of His crucifest at Edinburgh and in the Con- fixion, through the early persecutions tinuation Committee Conferences. The of Nero, the dark ages, the Refor- Protestant work in Germany is also mation and the pioneering days, the suffering greatly and in need of help. cause of Christ has always advanced A silver lining to the cloud of dis- in the face of difficulties. Let it be so tress in Germany may be seen in now. If ever there was need for the notable fact that a fund has been Christian missionary work it is tostarted in England to provide for the day. German, French, Dutch and Swiss missionaries who are temporarily des- NEW INTEREST IN SOUTH AMERICA titute. T HERE is, apparently, a world- Weare encouraged also by the fact that the greatest spiritual movement toward Latin-America that is increasing more and more rapidly. This is manifest in the realms of commerce and politics, in

OF THE

learning and religion. Here is one of Woman's Board of Missions of the the greatest neglected fields of Chris- Disciples of Christ has also recently tian missions in the world. The great appointed a special commission to masses of the people, while nominally study Latin America, to study the Catholic, are in reality irreligious. spiritual needs of these republics, to Buenos Aires, the third largest city seek and send missionaries to the on the American continent, has only field, and to spread information one church of any kind, Protestant, among people at home. Catholic, or Mohammedan, to every 20,000 people, and only one Protes- A SOUTH AMERICAN LEADERS' tant church to every 120,000. Physi- CONFERENCE cally, it is probably the finest organized city in the world, morally it "ONE of the most significant is most deplorable. gatherings ever held in Latin In Bolivia the Government has America," writes Rev. S. C. Inman, granted financial aid to the two "was recently held in Montevideo, schools for boys and young men con- Uruguay, under the auspices of the ducted by the Methodist Episcopal Young Men's Christian Associations Church, so that the missionaries have of South America. the opportunity of shaping the educational life of that entire republic, "Montevideo, as the capital of the and of profoundly affecting the wel- smallest of South American republics, fare of nearly three millions of escapes the jealousies connected with people. Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, or Santiago, the capitals of the 'A B C' In Chile there is a growing appre- countries, and for this reason is a ciation of the mission schools and of popular convention city, and is the the Protestant efforts to reform the headquarters of the Continental Comvicious and lift up the illiterate. mittee of the Young Men's Chris- Leading school officials unite with the tian Association. It is called the best journalists of the large cities in Athens of the South, and is a literary their approval of the Protestant center.· Protestantism has gained an program. In Argentina and Uruguay excellent name in the community, and as full religious liberty is enjoyed as a number of prominent men of the exists in North America. All this city attend the Protestant services." promises a readier access to classes formerly almost inaccessible. The problems that face the mission work in South America are serious Evidences of the increasing mis- and a number of the secretaries of sionary interest in Latin America the Young Men's Christian Associaon the part of Christians in die tions met in conference concerning United States, are seen also in the them, with bishops of the Episcopal recent appointment of Rev. George and Methodist Church, the President P. Howard, a Methodist missionary of Mackenzie College, agents of the of Montevideo, Uruguay, to the Bible Societies, and well-known minsuperintendency of the work of the isters from eight different denomi- VVorld's Sunday-school Association nations. From beyond South America for South America. The Christian came Mr. E. Sautter, the General Secretary of the World's Committee

from Geneva, Mr. Gilbert Beaver, (illiterate) in Latin America must from New York, and the Rev. S. C. be acquainted with Latin culture and Inman from Mexico. literature, and a knowledge of French, besides the language of the people, I t was the first time that repre- is most desirable. The continued sentatives of the Evangelical forces emphasis of this idea was one of the of Uruguay, Argentina, and Chile, most valuable things of the conferhad met together in conference, and ence. It was well summed up by while the primary object was to dis- one secretary, who said: "When the cuss Association work, it developed Anglo-Saxon comes to see about into a study of the deep problems membership in the association, he faced in Latin America by Protes- asks to see your swimming-pool and tant Mission forces. Commissions your game privileges. When the had been appointed in advance to Latin comes in, he wants to see your investigate the following sUbjects; constitution and by-laws. It is the difference between the practical and 1. The basis of Active Membership the theoretical. in the Young Men's Christian Association. "This difference led to the Im- portance of the question as to 2. The character and form of re- whether the South American Assoligious education in the associations. ciations should apply only the church- membership test, considered by the 3. Publication of literature. Latin as sectarian, or would adopt 4. The kind of preparation needed the personal test, which to the inby workers in Latin America. dividualistic Latin is the only worthy 5. The Sunday question and the one. The decision was unanimous Association's program. that an Association might use either 6. Nork among University stu- of these tests which local conditions dents. seem to require." 7. Basis of formation of the South American Union. The Commission on Publication 8. Program of work for the next declared that: "It is the judgment of five years. the Commission that an International Each commission presented its find- Publishing House would be desirings and the entire discussion was able, and we look forward with keen carried on in Spanish and Portu·· anticipation to the Union Publishing guese. House being projected by the Com- "It seems of tremendous import- mittee on Cooperation for Latin ance," says Mr. Inman, "that all America, of the various Church mission workers, and those at home Boards, to which we pledge our corwho have the direction of the work dial support." in Latin America, realize to the fullest extent the differences between "The program of work for the next the North and South Americans, and five years," concludes :l1r. Inman, "is that the latter look to France and at once an inspiration and a chal- Latin Europe for their leadership in lenge to everyone interested in winliterature, philosophy, and material ning South America for Christ. aspect8 of life. Those who would influence any except the analfabetos

Among the plans are: The opening The Peruvians are also susceptible of new Associations in the four to religious appeals, and when Prot- capitals, Asuncion, Santiago, La Paz, estant misSions are no longer ham- and Lima, and in several commercial pered by priests and prohibitions centers like Rosario, Santos, Bahia, there is good reason to believe that and Para; buildings in all the cities, evangelical Christianity will be wel- where the associations are now in comed.

rented quarters; the naming of a Con- PRAYING AND WORKING IN INDIA tinental Secretary for religious work, one for Student work, one for T HE Commission on Aggressive Physical Education, and two men for Evangelism in India annually the International Review; a training- sets apart one month as a special school for secretaries. To carry out time for evangelistic effort. The these plans twenty new secretaries are work is continued throughout the needed, supported from abroad, and year, but a season of united prayer, forty secretaries should be found and combined evangelistic endeavor, and supported locally." an output of special literature, are particularly emphasized at this time. A larger Conference on Latin America is being planned for all mis- Bishop F. W. Warne of the Methosion workers in the field, to be held dist Episcopal Church, writes that in 1916, and for the purpose of study- this year they decided to pray for ing to win these twenty republics for ten thousand souls. It seemed a Christ. great request, being nearly double the number of any revival month in UNREST VERSUS LIBERTY IN PERU former years. But the pt'ayer was more than answered! And the re- BECAUSE of the disturbed con- markable thing is, that this signai ditions following the recent revo- achievement is not the result of special mass movements. There seems lution in Peru, Congress will prob- to have been a general forward moveably not act on the religious liberty ment. These figures are significant: measure immediately. "In that case," Baptisms, 10,230; meetings held, 20,- writes Mr. H. P. Archerd of Callao, 336; present at these meetings, 421,- "most of the work of last year will go 729; Bible portions sold, 23,101; for naught and we shall need to begin tracts distributed, 269,065; heathen our campaign all over again after the shrines torn down, 45 I; laymen who political readjustment." In any case, gave volunteer, days, I,705; total however, the effort for freedom of number of days given, 2,721. "Said worship will not be abandoned. The I not unto thee that if thou wouldest country is to be flooded with liter- believe thou shouldest see the glory ature on the subject. Laws granting of God?" full religious liberty may be delayed hut not given up. In spite of the A fanaticism in the country, there is a MASS MOVEMENT IN WEST AFRICA strong and progressive element, and N example of the mass movement since the country is constantly coming which is taking place toward into closer contact with North Amer- Christianity in parts of Nigeria is ica modern ideals are gaining ground. referred to by the Rev. J. D. Aitken.

of the Church Missionary Society, enough to support 25 evangelists out who was stationed in the Soba in the surrounding country, and still Country to the north of the For- have considerable to spare for making cados branch of the Niger. In less seats for the native churches which than a year he registered nearly have so far been put up free of cost 2,000 people who had thrown away by the natives.

their idols. In one town there were The church building has been once over 600 of these, and one of the enlarged and is again too small for chiefs ordered the women of his sec- the average Sunday attendance.

tion of the town to join the Chris- T tians, "that they might learn to love A CHINESE BOARD OF MISSIONS their neighbors instead of poisoning HE most encouraging evidence of them," and about 150 of the women vitality in a church or an indi- obeyed. vidual is the systematic effort to win The Niger Delta Church of the other men to Christ. It is a hopeful CM.S. now reports 6,513 baptized sign, therefore, that the native Epis- members and 1,548 communicants, copal Church in China appointed at !,894 Sunday scholars and 1,371 day its last General Synod meeting a scholars; 698 were baptized during committee on Church Extension.

the past year, and there were 3,784 This committee has just published a inquirers at its close. report, recommending that a Board The American Presbyterian Mis- of Missions be established, in order sion at Fulasi, also reports a won- to discharge more effectively the re- derful year. Rev. F. W. Neal writes sponsibility for mission work which that the station of Fulasi has been rests "upon every member of the opened only one year. It is a year Church, and upon the whole Church of the "right hand of the Most in its corporate capacity."

High." The first three months there It is proposed to have a general was an average attendance at church secretary, who shalI be a Chinese service of 636; and the last quarter clergyman, whose duty shall be to an average of 1,399. Total offerings disseminate information and create for the year, $675 gold. Confessions interest in the missionary work by of Christ at Fulasi, 1,307, and among correspondence and personal visita- the evangelists scattered over the field tion. It is also suggested that "the over twice as many more. There next General Synod inaugurate a were 685 advanced into the first year mission in one of the provinces not Catechumen Class, and 89 into the now occupied by the Chung Hua Church. At the January Communion Sheng Kung Hui, and choose a Chi- (1914), not included in the above, nese bishop to lead the mission." It there were 6,704 people counted at would be interesting if the first Chi- Fulasi, and 158 partook of the com- nese bishop were chosen as a "mis- munion; 68 adults and 16 children sionary bishop," thus representing the were baptized. aspiration of the national Church in The native Christians are giving China.

BA B AHATCTIIE HOTEL TRANSFORMED I NTO A RAILROAD Y. M. C. A

The Story of "Babahatchie"

BY J AMES D. BURTON, OAKDALE, 1ENN.

General Se~relary , Railroad Y. lIf. C. A., Oakdale, T enn., and Presiden t M organ County Sunday- School Associa ti on IB]. ABAHATCHIE has history in motion-pictures. Such had an unusual history. views would furnish to the world- The large hotel was some interesting and exciting scenes erected severai years from the life in these Southern High- .' ago in the mountains lands. of Tennessee by the Cincinnati Southern RR, th e only The location of the town is picmunicipal owned railroad In the tu resque. Mountains rise almost Un ited States, and its primary pur- perpendicularly on every side, so -that pose was to serve the employes of the ' trains from north and south this road. enter the village through tunn els. A few yards to the west of the Baba- The "Babahatchie" is no doubt hatchie building flows the Big Emory better known th an Oakdale, the town River, the Indian name of which was in which it is located, for it has given to the hotel and means "babmade more history, some good and bling waters." some evil, than all the oth er instittltions of the town combined. The Trains stop in front of "Babalife of the village of three thousand hatchie," and change crews. The population has centered here, so that narrow mountain gorge in which as goes "Babahatchie" so goes Oakdale lies leaves no room for the Oakdale. town to expand, so that there is little life here except that of the men who Almost every imaginable scene dri ft to "Babahatchie," and there characteristic of this region has been spend their "lay-over" time. enacted in or about the hotel premises and several thousand feet of By conservative estimates over film would be required to portray eight hundred visits are made daily even a portion of its interesting to the building. It is always crowded with men night and day. There is

never an hour when its halls are free road service lost their positions be- of men. They are gathered here cause of the evil habits formed under from all sections, and represent all these influences, and when they were classes. It is like Mark Twain's New unfit for duty because of dissipation England weather, "You can discover they' had to be disciplined by the about one hundred and twenty di'f- railroad company. In a good many ferent kinds of men here every cases, this took away the only sup- twenty minutes." port from a family of innocent ones.

"Babahatchie's" early history was Finally conditions became so bad anything but commendable. "For at that it became imperative to take the windows of my house I looked steps to save the men to a better through my casement," as Solomon life, and to render them more efficient would say, "and beheld young men in the hazardous work in which they void of understanding." On the were engaged.

mountain sides were open saloons, One day, about nine years ago, the and up to these places were well- former General Manager Garrett of beaten paths. Men were traveling the Cincinnati Southern was making morally in the wrong direction. Idle a trip over the road in a private car men would 'd'i4tt into town about the with the late President Spencer of time of railroad pay day, and enter the great Southern system and the into gambling games to fleece the conditions at "Babahatchie" were boys out of their money. Many a brought to the attention of the presi- young man, with a blush of shame, dent of the road.

would write to his mother or wi fe As a result an order was given to after drawing his pay, and would place "Babahatchie" under the direc- send some false excuse: "laid off," tion of the Railroad Department of "sick," "dull business," about his the Y.M.C.A. From this date for- inability to send any money home in ward (1905) "Babahatchie" was support of the family. converted and entered upon a new In the lobby and at the lunch career.

counter of "Babahatchie" were mid- A "new name" was given to the night carousals that were degrading place. A board was nailed over the and deadly. Especially just after main entrance, on which was printed "pay day," the men were often under in large gilt letters: "Railroad Depart- the influence of strong drink, and ment Y.M.CA." At the same time were quarrelsome, and hard to please. the person'nel of the management was There was no police protection, so also changed. Many did not grasp that the men did pretty much as the full meaning of the change at the they pleased. Arrests were seldom time; pessimistic people said that it made, altho pistols were frequently was useless to try to carryon re- displayed when men got into quarrels. ligious work in this place, and others These days have been compared with were ready to ridicule the idea.

the "wild west," and the traveling But house-cleaning was begun; the public, so far as possible, avoided building was renovated, the restaurant stopping here. service improved, and a home-like In those days many men in rail- appearance given to the building.

STORY OF "BABAHATCHlE"

Good books, magazines and daily and lobby have changed. Law and papers were placed on file in the new order now prevail. Visitors now reading-room. wonder how so many men can be assembled under one roof, and at the A new social atmosphere was also same time be so quiet and orderly as created; men were cultivated in a they are at "Babahatchie." personal way and gradually they have responded to the new environment. In the restaurant five to six hun- Later, Gospel meetings with singing dred meals and luncheons are served were provided. The work was car- to the men every twenty-four hours. ried on quietly, and without demon- and this department is the second TFrE V.M.C.A. SWIMMING-POOL IN THE BIG EMORY RIVER stration, but the results became mani- largest in North America. Several fest. The men became more quiet, hundred paper bags are used every and sober-minded, and learned to ap- day in putting up lunches for the men preciate the principles for which the who go out upon the road, and each Y.M.C.A. stands. Scoffers became one has printed on it a Gospel mesconvinced of the value of the work. sage. Vhile a conductor, engineer, The organization to-day has the co- fireman, or brakeman eats his meal operation of the best class of rail- on the road this Gospel message is road men in its efforts to conduct before his eyes, so that men read it "Babahatchie" on a high moral and who probably would not be interested religious plane. in a religious tract. Twelve thousand of these bags are used about every The scenes about the lunch counter

A CUSTOMARY SCENE ON THE PORCH OF THE ASSOCIATION BUILDING ninety days. Who can calculate the for many years of the successful influence of these silent little mes- operation of a great business-a corsengers to the men of the rail! poration and its employes taking a friendly hand in hand." Sleeping accommodations are provided for hundreds of railroad men, Many of the railroad employes and now at a low price they find testified to the great change that has good clean beds that are in great taken place at "Babahatchie." An contrast to the old days of "Baba- engineer said, "Long ago every hatchie." imaginable vice was carried on here. To-day, look at our Sunday-schools, In addition to the provisions made churches, and the Y.M.C.A. The for the physical comfort of the men Association has been instrumental' in there are other features worth while bringing about these improved conin the way ·of Bible classes, Gospel ditions." meetings, lectures, motion-pictures, and practical talks on life questions. A conductor remarked : "We see the good that the Y.M.C.1. has done At a recent banquet, held in the among us. A few years ago we had dining room of "Babahatchie," the no decent place to rest our weary room was beautifully decorated, and frames when in Oakdale. Now, all over one hundred guests gathered at is changed. We find nice, clean beds, the tables. Instead of revelry, rail- and good, wholesome food prepared road officials and employes sat side for us, and I want to thank those by side and the spirit of fellowship connected with it for the kindness prevailed. Rev. George R. Stuart, a they have shown to the railroad men. lecturer and evangelist, delivered one A number of us here to-night reof his famous lectures, and said in member the time of the reign of the his preliminary remarks, "I witness eighty cent quilt. It allowed all the here to-night what has been my ideal

STORY OF "BABAHATCHIE" 8r r

packing to slip down to either end , denomination in Oakdale, and a small, and just left for us the top and one room frame building served for the bottom for covering." all the religious interest of the town. A widow was trying to conduct a A two weeks revival service was little Sunday-school with about thirty held last September under a tent on scholars and little attention was being the lawn of "Babahatchie." There paid to church matters. There was were sixty-eight professions of faith preaching only when a minister could in Christ and thirty-four united with visit the town. The Y.M.CA. secrethe Oakdale churches at the close of taries began attending the little Sunthe meetings. A boy who was . con- day-school, and succeeded in stirring verted immediately began personal up interest in church work. This has work by pleading with his father , continued to grow and prosper until who not long after accepted Jesus to-day there are two resident minis- Christ as his personal Savior. He ters on the field, two large Sundayhad been a very wicked man, and the schools, with about three hundred boy had just returned from the west scholars enrolled, two young people's by beating his wayan a freight-train societies, and two church buildings. to Oakdale. All members of this More residents are now taking refamily were finally united in their sponsibility in the work of the Kinghome, and in Christ. dom.

A large community work has also Morgan County, ill which "Bababeen done outside the building. hatchie" is located, has become a When the Railroad Y.M.C.A. took Gold Star county in the Tennessee charge of "Babahatchie" in 1905, State ~unday-sch ool Association . there was no resident minister of any THE LAWN USED FOR MOVING PICT URES AND OUTDOOR ENTERTAINMENTS

This means a report, an offering, and extension work with its publications, a delegate to the convention, from and in other ways. It would be a every Sunday-school in the county. good investment for any individual or This is the third county in the State church to assume the support of a to reach this standard, and the work consecrated man to do work along has been directed largely by the in- the lines indicated. fluences of "Babahatchie." Truly, "Babahatchie" has been Through this extension work a transformed, and is letting her light conductor, who stops at "Baba· shine before the world, so that the hatchie," saw a vision of Christian good work is evident for miles service, and has driven and walked around. There are no more beaten for miles around in the mountains paths to open saloons. The vices in the interest of the Sunday-schools. common to Oakdale in its early his- He has helped to organize schools in tory have been reduced to a minineedy places, and has encouraged mum. People are realizing that some struggling schools to continue their good can come out of this railroad work. terminal. The men are saving more of their salaries, are making happier An extension worker could be used homes, and are rendering better serto advantage in this region along the vice to the corporation that hires lines pursued by the missionary work them. It is a wonderful transforof the American Sunday-school mation. A newspaper of this section Union. The national and inter- has this to say in an editorial: "The denominational character of the work .thus accomplished for our Society's operations make it well mountain people will live on after the adapted to the outlying districts of present personnel shall have passed the mountains. The Union has al- to their heavenly reward." ready rendered valuable service in the AT THE DAY AND NIGHT LUNCH COUNTER

America's L,ast Frontier: Its Situ-

ation and Its Appeal BY REV. C. A. WOODDY, D.D., PORTLAND, OREGON General Superintendent for the American Baptist Home Mission Society on the Pacific Slope, For thirty years in pastoral and mis..')ionary work in Oregon.

NATIVE American Park, Crater Lake, Colorado Canyon, never comes upon the and scores of other features of word "frontier" with- beauty and grandeur. out conscious pride. It hardly can escape The first European settlement was being true that his for- effected in 1769 by the Franciscan bears were frontiersmen here or Fathers at San Diego. American there. History and the heroic in settlement dates from the occupancy America are almost wholly asso- of Astoria by the American Fur Comciated with the stories and struggles pany in r8lO. The story of Angloof its frontiersmen. The Atlantic, Saxon occupancy may be dated from the Allegheny, the Missouri, the the arrival in r834 of missionaries to Western Slope of the continent, the Indians in the Oregon Country. locate American frontiers and the The first twenty-five years is the story scenes of American heroism and of the trapper, the next ten years the American heroic achievement. The story of missionary work in behalf story of the last of these frontiers IS of the Indians. Immigration began the story of the Pacific Slope. as early as 1842, and from 1842 to the present hour history is the story Some Features of the West of the immigrant, the pioneer, and the subjugation of America's last The "Pacific Slope" describes that geographical frontier. portion of the United States lying west of the crest of the Rockies, The early movements of immigraand in general contains eight states, tion to the two sections of this comprising 863,140 of the 3,6r6,484 region, were produced by widely square miles-that is to say, a little different causes. The Oregon less than one-fourth of the entire area Country was occupied by home seekof continental United States. His- ers, who came to acquire land and torically it includes two great sec- effect permanent residence. The tions: one sometimes called the Old California Country received its pri- Oregon Country, and the other made mary and large immigration inreup of the Mexican cession of r848, sponse to the appeal of the gold and about half of Gadsden's pur- mine. These early influences made chase of r853. The region is there- profound and permanent contribufore rich in historical incidents. The tion to character, attitude, and type scenery is the finest in- the United of life. States, embracing the great mountain peaks, the Yosemite, Yellowstone The growth of this region in popu- lation will illustrate its amazing general development in every line.

While the United States has In- (b) The in creasi ng ability to discreased in population at the rate of cover and use natural resources proabout 25 per cent. a decade for the ceeds by leaps and bounds. No other last seventy years, the Pacific Slope equal area in the United States for the last forty years has made an possesses such vast water power as average increase of 55 per cent. per the Pacific Slope. In many of the decade. If this region should main- rivers, the entire discharge of water tain its own rate of growth until the can be converted into electrical end of its second century of history energy, at scores of places in its -that is to say in the year 2oro-it course, without diminishing the volwould report a population of 200,- ume of water. The entire volume of 000,000. If it should average for the Snake River, for example, can the next nine decades the increase of be used probably a hundred times, population maintained by the United without interfering with any of the other uses of its water flow. FIRST PROTESTANT HOUSE OF WORS HIP IN CALI FORNIA (c) The amazing fertili ty of the Dedicated in August, 1849. T he lot cost $10,000 soil throughollt this whole region is and the h ouse $6,000. It was bllilt 01 s ha kes and con stantly confounding the wisdom sai l cloth whe n go ld was wo rth on ly about it s and experience of those who have profited therefrom. To these add we igh t in flou r. that other factor of an equable cli- mate, and th ere are seen the great States for the past seven decades, it sil ent, persistent forces, both of will have a population of 4 5 ,500,000. Nature and civilization, which wili Without attempting any prophecy, determine not alone the population of these possibilities warrant us in be- this great region, but in a large way lieving that by the time Astoria th e temper of its people, their virility, celebrates its second centenn ial, we and their exuberance. shaH have on the Western side of the Rockies full y one half as great The Planting of Religion a population as is now in the territory of the U nited States. A num- The establishing of religion in the ber of forces are working together expanding life of the American to promote, if not to intensify this people has had its story of frontiers increase of population. Some of no less striking and no less filled them are these: with heroic figures than those more material and visible. "Without this (a) Increasing facility of travel is mi ssionary work and spirit," said rendering the population of the vari- President Roosevelt, "the conquest ous countries more fluid, and there is of this continent would have had a consequent increasing tendency to- little but an animal side. Without it ward an equality in density. the pioneers' fierce and rude virtues and somber thoughts would have been left unlit by the flame of pure and living aspiration. Without it the life of this country would have been a life of inconceivably hard amI electronic file created by cafis .org

AMERICA'S LAST FRONTIER 8I5

barren materialism. Because of it, Indians; Congregationalists in 1836, deep beneath and through the na- for the same reason; Baptists m tional character, there runs that power of firm adherence to a lofty RtLAn<'C £JtHI8f7'$ ()F'THE (;HvIfr:n M£MtlCI/SHIP ,oW" NON MENB£R5HIP NrD Ir~ ideal upon which the safety of the ~TRllJI/T1?NIJYTI1£ -,rAn::.s JI/lMf;(J ~~OF71¥TUT.ll!. I'tI"KRTDr/M'Yllt..So ~£N nation will ultimately depend." __ M~=~"""":"":-",~s~"n-"- Taral Mernber5 The Pacific Slope region, perhaps _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ §~~~. even more than some of the older A_V_o_M~.r frontiers, early had the devoted lives and heroic service of pioneer mis- Non -memt>e.,-.5 sionaries. Indeed, here the missionanes came before the people, for 1844; Presbyterians in 1846; Episthey came under missionary im- copalians in 1851. pulses to bring the Gospel and its social and civilizing message to The actual denominational strength the Indians. Some of them, there- in this region for the current year is fore, were at hand, and immediately not available, but a fair estimate began their services among the first from the most recent official figures scattered settlements in the Oregon would show the Protestant strength Country. Missionary societies be- to be about as shown in tables below. came active, and missionaries were sent directly for work among those It is fair, therefore, to estimate whom they· tenderly regarded as that there are about 2,000,000 mem- "our people who have gone to that bers of Protestant churches in this far-off Vestern frontier." This was region, and it seems to me the numtrue in the Northwest. It was like- ber of ministers may be put down wise true in California. Mission- at about 9,000. aries were under appointment to San Francisco, before the discovery of gold had been announced in New England, and reached San Francisco in the early days of r849. To describe the matter denominationally, missionaries came into this frontier region about as follows: Methodists in 1834, primarily for work among S.-S.( Churches Ministers Members Property Members Methodists …………….. 1,450 1,500 150,000 $11,400,000 210,000 Presbyterians …………. . 1,000 750 90,000 … , …. Congregationalists . . . . . . .. .. 60,000 $5,000,000 ..1.0.0.,.0.0.0 …. . ……………… …… 600 …….. 75,000 5,600,000 Baptists .' ,- 800 80,000 Episcopa lians 430 1,350 …… .. … , …. .. 380 . …….

Less H,opeful Features will be one of our cities already I have purposely mentioned these founded. Our city problem, there- hopeful elements of the situation that fore, lies with the cities of the pres- they may be in mind while other ent, some of which are to be among facts are considered. There was a the great cities of the continent.

time when frontier lines in America During the twenty years ending in somewhat coincided with our parallels 1910 our ten chief cities showed net of longitude. That time is passing. gains of 167 per cent. City areas in Professor Paxson, of Michigan, has the same time increased probably declared, "The frontier left the map more than 400 per cent. The period in the latter years of the nineteenth since 1890 practically includes the century." The lines bounding the history of electric car transportation, frontiers of the twentieth century will and therefore the immense increase correspond more nearly to isotherms. of suburban areas in all American The present American frontier is cities. When this movement began, becoming a frontier within the fron- almost every congregation in these tier, and consists of types of destitu- Western cities was still occupying its tion and need. Notwithstanding all first meeting-house. These churches that I have said, it is true that there have faced not only the demand to are more people on the Pacific Slope meet this expanding urban territory, unreached by the gospel, and more but also have been heavily burdened actual religious destitution than at to provide adequate houses of wor- any time since the arrival of the first ship. Consequently the suburbs have missionaries, seventy-five years ago. outgrown the local ability to take To a description of these other ele- care of them. No denomination has ments of the situation, I must now been able to give adequate attention address myself. to this most promising opportunity Roman Catholic and Non-membership existing at the very doors of their Facts largest centers and of their strongest and' most zealous churches.

PERCENTAGES OF CHURCH ADHERENTS The following statement from one of the most aggressive and evan- Prot. R. C. Unchurched gelistic pastors of San Francisco not only discloses a fact of that city but Montana …. 8 23.8 68.2 is in part typical of much of our Arizona …. 6.3 20.7 73 city situations: California … 14.3 21.5 64.2 "The painful and deplorable factor in this entire report covering six Nevada ….. 7.6 23.6 68.8 Utah (88% Mormon?) 45.4 Washington ………………. 68.8 Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.7 Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.7 United States as a whole …… 60.9 These figures tell a story, and carry years is the ceaseless and wholesale a most serious appeal. movement of my members from the The Situation in Cities city, and often from the oversight and knowledge of the church. The The Pacific Slope region has now total number of additions since the sufficiently developed its trend of fire in 1906 is 467. The total num- population so that its future centers ber of losses during the period is are known. The future metropolis 476. The figures reflect in a slight

AMERICA'S LAST

degree the peculiar difficulty which the school districts of Oregon had attaches to church work in San been tabulated, and that in this tabu- Francisco. The population is un- lation 617 out of 1,145 report that stable, and its flow is constant to an there is no church or Sunday-school extent quite extraordinary. Nor is within their limits. My knowledge there any promise of improvement, of the state, therefore, leads me to for the new San Francisco is becom- believe that fully one-half the school ing more and more a market place, districts within the state are without a commercial center, and pleasure any religious privileges within their ground; a city of hotels and flats and limits. In Northern California the apartments for housing transients. report covers 984 school districts, and The home builders are moving out in of those reporting, 31.5 per cent. a steady stream down the peninsula report the existence of churches, and or across the bay, where land is 32.3 per cent. the existence of Suncheaper, taxes lower, moral conditions day-schools within their limits, but better, and surroundings more con- of the whole number it is estimated ducive to home life. The dire fore- that fully 64 per cent. have no reboding of Dr. Charles Jefferson, of ligious activities within their limits at Broadway Tabernacle of New York, all. In the state of Washington. concerning that city, may become from which the last report has applicable to San Francisco within reached me, the report shows that 53 the next half century. This gateway per cent. of the school districts of the to the Orient may take on the char- state have no religious activity within acter of a foreign mission field. their limits of any kind. From present outlook it would appear that the downtown churches of San COMPARATIVE TABLE OF CHURCH MEMBER- Francisco within another generation will be unable to maintain their SHIP IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA, WASHexistence without large endowment funds or their equivalent in mission- 1NGToN' 'AND THE UNITED STATES AS A ary appropriations. That day may be averted by large help for main- WHOLE. Cal. Wash. U.S. taining or to be used in maintaining a considerable staff of workers at the N on-church- 68.7% 60.9% present time." members ……. 62.9% 12.2 14.3 18.6 24.1 Surveys by Home Missions Council Roman Catholic … 21.5 Protestant …….. 14.3 0.5 .7 Under the general direction of the All others…. . . . . .. 1.3 Home Missions Council, a careful survey was made during 1912 of all the CHURCH ORGANIZATIONS IN NORTHERN states of the Pacific Slope, with some others. The unit of investigation was CALIFORNIA AND WASHINGTON. the organized school district. Uniform questions were used, and the N. Cal. Wash. returns are now becoming available. Methodist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.1 % 21.3% These reports show that about half Presbyterian …………. IL2 8.2 Protestant Episcopal…. . .. 7.7 4.0 Baptist ………………. 7.5 7.1 Congregational ……….. 7.4 6.9 Disciples ….. 5.6 6.1 Lutheran ………. 4.2 11.5 Adventist … 3.7 3.9 Other Ev. Prot. Bodies. . .. 5.7 1.1 Roman Catholic ………. 11.9 1.0 Other Organizations …… 11.0 3.9 Summary-North California Protestant ………………….. 77.10/0 Catholic …………………….. 11.9 All Other ………………….. 11.0 Summary-Washington Protestant ………………….. 85.7%.

Catholic ……………………. 9.7 All Other …………………… 4.6

Tabulations from the results of this short time. We have much to be thank- Home Mission Survey are sufficient ful for." Population 350. to alarm us by the fact that from 50 per cent. to 60 per cent. of the school "We have no use for your church or districts organized within this great parasite priests and preachers, or for any region of country have within their of your so-called Christian fads. We are limits no organized Church or Sun- trying to follow in the steps of the Naza- day-school through which to reach rene, by following out his gospel of the with the Gospel message the thou- brotherhood of man. To hell with your sands of children actually enrolled in questions. You mind your business, and these district schools. Probably more we'll mind ours." than twice as many adults also reside in these same fields, and this fact "The moral and religious standards are multiplies the alarming situation as extremely low. There are no churches, to religious destitution in the whole Sunday-schools, lodges, or improvement of this great 'Vestern region. clubs. Drunken men are often seen on the streets." Population 400. 'Within another year the results of this study will be available in printed "We don't have any church or Sunform, and a systematic and intelligent day-school at all now. We did try to program may then be formed for have a union Sunday-school, but the peoreaching this destitution in some ade- ple did not seem to care for it, so it stopt. quate way. It is a great task, and Population 350. will require not alone sacrificial surrender of money and time by the Literally hundreds of such reports churches already established in this were received in this study. region, but will also call for much cooperative contribution from the Types of Destitution general missionary organizations of the denominations represented. There are other types of destitu- tion which are widespread among A few quotations from replies to the permanent population. In the the questions sent out make the re- Pacific Slope region as a whole, are ligious need somewhat more vivid. multitudes of communities where pur- suits are carried forward that do "There are no churches in this district not invite the formation of permaand no church-members. Not one, save nent settlements. For the most part, the clerk, and he is a poor one." Popula- these may be grouped under such tion 76. heads as logging camps, mill towns, mining centers, and construction "There is not a church-member in the camps. The best statistics thus far district." Population 38. gathered show that in the five states of Washington, Oregon, California, "I know nine school districts near here Idaho, and lVfontana, there are 3,03 I that have no religious service nor Sunday- establishments engaged in lumbering school. Some of them never had a Sun- industries, and 2,085 corporations day-school. Many children are growing occupied with mining activities, o~ a up who do not know what church is. total of 5,116 of stich groups of men. Children of twelve and fifteen years have To these must, of course, be added never been in a Sunday-school." the smelting centers. The permanent number of such camps and groups, "We have no churches, no saloons, and therefore, is somewhere above 5,000 110 brothels. One follows the other in a for these five states, and, if to these be added similar groups in Utah,

Nevada, and Arizona, the number people than any other section of the will be brought above 6,000. No United States. This may be the case, figures are available as to the actual for it has not yet felt the direct tides number of men employed in these of immigrants such as have inundated industries for this entire group of the Atlantic States. What the result states. Figures gathered concerning may be when immigration begins to some of the states by the State move directly from Europe through Labor Commissioners warrant me in the Panama Canal to the Pacific estimating that there are 400,000 Coast, is, as yet, largely a matter of people in these communities. Not opinion or conj ecture. AU students more than two of our cities have so of the matter are agreed, however, large a population. Relatively speak- that there will be direct immigration, ing, this is the most needy and least- and that the number of foreigncared-for set of groups in this region, speaking peoples received as immiand constitutes an important, if not grants into this region will be very pathetic appeal. There are, perhaps, much increased over the movement fifty places of considerable import- of any year hitherto. But the present ance, which are becoming somewhat situation is more disquieting than is permanent settlements as smelter generally believed. During the last towns, where the population is num- decade in all of these states the bered by thousands, and, to a large average increase of the entire popuextent is made up of men. lation was about 7I per cent., 'but the percentage of growth of the There are certain features common foreign born or of foreign parentage to this whole group of communities, was 75 per cent., indicating that even such as: at the present time with all the handi- caps of transcontinental travel, our Instability of population. foreign population is increasing more High percentage of men. rapidly than the native born. The Owners or determining directorship of census reports also show that about the industries non-resident. 5I per cent. of the present popula- Abnormal weakness of all forms of or- tion is composed of foreign born ganized aggressive Christian work. and the children of foreign-born Large prominence of civilization's great- parents. It is evident, therefore, that est vices, namely, gambling, intemperance, this frontier feature will become more and prostitution. and more marked, and will demand increasing attention from religions For this whole class of communi- workers. Active work is already ties, no adequate plan has yet been being prosecuted by all the leading framed, and no concerted attack by denominations among these new the denominations represented in the Americans, and all the leading races Home Missions Council has appar- represented are having some attenently yet been conceived, still less tion. I f the whole problem can be made effective. Soine good work unitedly approached in this region, in being done discloses the inherent a fraternal and cooperative way by possibilities. the denominations already interested.

Our Foreign Brother It has been generally supposed that the Pacific Slope region is more largely composed of American-born

there is still the possibility that we received 43,824 members by letter. may prevent the coming of that sense that it had dismissed by letter 30,238; of inability over the churches, which and had lost by death and erasure seems to prevail in some sections of of the names of those whose resiour land. dence had become unknown, 15,265 other members. It will be seen that A Depressing Incident during this period this denomination had had a net loss in these ways of It will have been gathered from 1,679 members. Whatever net growth what has preceded, that the percent- had come to it during that period, age of our total popUlation gathered had been achieved through converts into Protestant churches is very con- brought in through confession and siderably smaller in these states than baptism. For some years to come, in the United States as a whole, and, this general feature must characterize therefore, relatively very much less current church history. than prevails in the older portions of the United States. It will also have Concluding Reflections been observed that the density of population in this whole region is not This region has been a mission only less than the United States as field from the first, and in a general a whole, but relatively very much way is still the largest mission field less than the density of the popula- of organized denominational work in tion East of the Mississippi River. America. I will not spend time to The missionary meaning of these two urge that it should continue to be facts is that the churches of this recognized as a mission-field. Both region are smaller in their average the presence and expenditure of namembership, are more widely re- tional missionary organizations in all moved from each other, and are more its parts declare this to be their conloosely and indefinitely related to each viction. N or need any time be taken other in common tasks, than in to argue the great and the increasing similar areas eastward. The relation importance of this Western quarter of this to the question of supervision of our nation. All that may be taken and administration and of efficient for granted, in view of what has alcooperation is at once evident. Not ready been said, and of much more only are churches removed from each that space forbids being said. If all other in general, but those of any that should be done, is to be done, particular denomination are even consideration should be given to the more widely scattered. following matters.

This leads to a curious and de- (a) The situation is urgent.· What pressing fact. It is often felt that is to be done ought to be done as churches in this region have made speedily as possible. Economy detheir gains largely by letters or mands great haste. The enormous transfer of membership from in- speed of material, educational, and coming additions to our popUlation. social development, demands that A study of one denomination made equal pace be kept in religious and two years ago revealed the fact that missionary undertakings. The rapid in the preceding ten years it had enlargement and possible potency in

AMERICA'S LAST FRONTIER

the relations of this. region to an their Local forces in this region, to increasing immigration, and to the secure and support leadership of this rapidly crystallizing formation of a type.

new civilization in lands beyond the (e) Missionary funds must con- sea, with which the Pacific Slope is tinue to be invested. Greater mobil- our nation's point of contact, call for ity in the sums to be invested is a increase of speed in prosecuting the necessary and prominent change missionary conquest on this Western· which needs to be appreciated more slope. Its impact abroad should be by national missionary organizations.

increasingly Christian. A single illustration will make the (b) The situation calls for still meaning clear. An irrigation dis- further minute investigation and trict opened by the government some– analysis. The work done by the times comprises a half-dozen town- Home Missions Council has disclosed sites, and land for three thousand the existence of unsuspected situa- homes. All this may be sold by tions and needs, but the full story auction within a fortnight, and a can be brought to light only by flood of population at once inundates further and more careful study. It that district. Money and workers is probable that the responsibility for to meet this situation should be suffi- this can be put and ought to be put ciently mobile to enable mISSIOn upon the organized work of national boards to rise to the occasion and denominations within each state. But deal with the situation adequately the matter will be more uniformly and immediately. Similar situations done, and more likely to be done, if at times develop in suburban addi- a representative of the Home Mis- tions to some of our largest cities.

sions Council could be kept in the The last word to be said about field for a time, to stimulate and this region, and about previous and direct this investigation. It is a case future investment of men and money, in which zeal, without knowledge, is is both historical and prophetic. It wasteful. has been justified and will 111- (c) Many of the tasks involved in creasingly be justified. The vigorous supplying religious instruction ought type of denominational and Christian to be cared for through federated life and efficiency existing here is effort. Many fields are such as to worth more than it has cost. From make local church organization im- this field the annual outgo of con- practicable, or at any rate slow and tributions in Christian lives and offer- greedy in absorbing missionary funds, ings for world evangelism already if undertaken. Here the gentle pres- represents even usurious rates of sure and brotherly suggestion of the interest on the missionary invest- various national boards might be ment. Ere long, the entire principal exerted to great profit, and with large will have been repaid, yet the income success. will persist and wiII continue to in- (d) Local leadership of great per- crease. The Pacific Slope is not only sonality and prophetic insight is of to be a garden of the Lord, but as tremendous importance, and national well a land of springs, whose flood boards might well cooperate with .shall fructify the whole world.

Awakenings at

and Abroad* BY REV. M. T. MORRILL, DAYTON, OHIO Secretary of the J'Iission Board of the Christian Church PIRITUAL awakenings tribes and peoples. It is easy to ISI may be thought of in trace the effects of the German Pie- different days. There tists through the Lutheran Church and the Moravian Church, and to see are the widespread re- how the impulse of a deepened spiri- . vivals in spiritual things such as char- tual life became responsible for mis- acterized the great revival of 1857- sions in other lands. Through the 58; or they may be more local. Moravians the awakening was com- There are the ordinary awakenings municated to England in the Wes- of the evangelistic campaigns and leyan revival, and this affected Amer- those that manifest themselves in ica in the preaching of Whitefield and such movements as that of the. Stu- others who had come under the dent Volunteers. Some spiritual Wesleyan influence. We can directly awakenings are characterized by in- trace to old England the awakening gatherings of new converts into the in New England, which grew out of church, and others by the quickened the fervid appeals of Jonathan Ed- zeal among nominal church members. wards, and from both countries its I f the awakenings are really spiritual effects to oriental lands through the effects are far-reaching and often missions and missionaries.

touching two or more continents. It would be possible to trace re- The progress of the Christian con- sults of the great awakening of r857- quest has ever been from land to 58 from America to other lands, but land. Christianity has necessarily the great Moody revivals in America first taken root in one land, and and England inter-acted on other gained sufficient spiritual vigor to lands and the Welsh revival of I904 propagate itself before it has spreall reached to India, thence spread to to another land. The same revivals Korea, and thence to China.

have frequently affected two or more In the more local awakenings, we lands, and in some cases the impulse are struck by the synchronous prayer- that caused an awakening was re-' meetings in Mt. Holyoke Seminary ceived from two or more lands. and the conversion of students in Centuries ago certain Christian Fidelia Fiske's school in Persia; and centers in France, Scotland, Ireland with the fact that when God's spirit and England were the centers also of aroused the students in Doshisha missionary activity, whence men were University in Japan many prayer- sent out to heathen and pagan lands meetings for that institution were on evangelical errands and converted being held in America. These are *From a paper prepared for the Conference of Foreign },.lission Boards at Garden City, N. Y.: January, 1912. but a few of many such facts that in foreign mission fields have at times might be mentioned. The Student operated to arouse churches. Wher- Volunteer Movement has signalized ever there is a deeply spiritual and spiritual awakening among students, venturesome Christianity planted in and is one of the most remarkable mission fields, we may logically expect general movements for enlarging the it to concern itself with the lethargic Kingdom of God that we have seen base of missions at home. . . . in America. The Evangelical Lutheran Church There is undoubtedly a definite still feels the missionary spirit that relationship between the spiritual was infused into it by the Pietists. a wakenings at home and abroad; The Board of Foreign Missions says spirit-filled men here may go abroad that not only the noteworthy work of and produce awakenings there; re- the Missouri Synod in South Amer- vival here may create revival there; ica, but other parts of the Lutheran prayer here produces effects there. missionary work would yield inspira- In other words, sufficient spiritual tion and give light on the question. energy may be generated at home to There are inspiring chapters in the send forth men and women who shall recent history of the United Presby- be used in quickening or awakening terian Church mISSIOn in India. interest abroad. The agency is quite Since 1895-96 there has been a re- visible, even tho the power be un- vival spirit, more or less intense, seen. Or such deep interest may prevalent up to the present time. grow here as will produce a multi- The movetnent in India has deeply tude of intercessors whose prayers affected the church in America, will be honored of God in bringing emphasizing the highest standards to pass the desired end there. of holiness and separation and the mmlstry of intercession. Certain Our missionarias believe that conferences of the United Presby- prayer at the home base is absolutelv terian missions in India and Egypt essential for success and real progre;s have also made a profound impres- in mission lands, and hence in mis- sion on the home church. .'. . sionaries' letters and addresses we have the never-ceasing importunities Evidently the history of many for prayers. foreign missions could be made to yield greater inspiration and richer It is freely asserted-that prayer is lessons than have already been ob- more powerful and efficacious than tained from that source. While the all other agencies; the invisible is church needs first of all to learn to more powerful than the visible. send the gospel everywhere because Experiences of individuals and groups the Lord wills it, yet it has a right in changing things by prayer have led to all the help it can get from the to the assumption that mass move- past or present triumphs of the ments in prayer for missions would Gospel. . generate such power that Christianity would gain remarkable triumphs in But a small part of the church has comparatively barren and refractory any definite idea of the inter-relation fields. between the spiritual conditions of the church at home and the church On the other hand the awakenings

in the foreign mission fields. It is an awakening? Can we infer from said that the level of the water in the facts obtainable that the missions the lakes of central New York rises might have been spiritually refreshed and falls with the rise and fall in the and enlarged if the church at home great lakes, and some authorities pre- had been spiritual enough and prayerdicate subterranean passages connect- ful enough? Then the remissness ing the bodies of water. Is it true should be laid heavily and persistently that there is a similar spiritual equi- on the church. It can scarcely be librium between our home churches denied that some missions and some and our foreign missions? sections of the native church need evangelistic zeal and actual revival It is safe to assert also that for thc experiences of the most thorough and most part the church does 11'0t yet continuous character. If the failure appreciate its definite prayer-respon- of the church at home is to blame sibility for its messengers to non- for the need abroad, then that fact Christian lands. If intercession is must be pointed out and demonreally the power we claim it to be, strated, and the church at home called then our greatest task lies before us repeatedly to a deeper cons::'cration in the home church. If out of the and a life of intercession. records of our foreign mission work we can show the vital connection The records of missionary enterbetween the work at home and prises illustrate conclusively that as abroad, and show how the success we really live or die at home, so do abroad depends on the spiritual con- they really live or die abroad; that dition at home <J,nd the volume of in- the most real element of life, which tercession at home, perhaps we can is deep spirituality, can only be had more easily quicken the church to its at home by sharing it abroad, and duty and privilege. this power will be experienced abroad as soon as we actually experience it What if many of our foreign mis- at home. sions never have seen anything like "Laborers Together With God"

By Lord p'1unkett, D.D. (Late Archbishop of Dublin) "Christ's will to learn-Christ's word to "Christ's will to learn-Christ's word to teach"- teach"- For childhood's holy cause to fight. o Lord, may this our watchword be! This be our task-not idle speech- What nobler destiny for each, Nat vain delay-fast comes the night! Than thus to live and work for Thee?

"Christ's will to learn-Christ's word to "Christ's will to learn-Christ's word to teach"- teach"- His Cross in view, His .Word in hand, To strive–nor lay our armor down! Up, fellow soldiers, mount the breach, Be this our warfare till we reach Be true to Church and Fatherland! The victor's goal, and win the crown!

EVIDENCE OF THE BENEFIC IAL EFFECTS OF CHRISTIAN

The Prospects of Christianity In China A CHINESE VIEW OF THE SITUATION BY DR. Y. Y. TSU, ST. JOHN'S UNIVERSITY, SHANGHAI INCE the Revolution o. f. nations directly and indirectly affect one another. Especially is this true mS 1911, the eyes of the in our time of modern transportation world have more than facilities. In the same way Christian ever focused their at- people of the West want to know tention upon our nation what is to be the religious future of and our affairs. The our nation, because whether we be- come Christian or remain as we have fact that any changes that take place been is a matter of momentous im- port not only to ourselves but also in China, whether in politics, in edu- to the rest of the world. It is the· writer's intention in this essay to cation, in customs, or in religion, present some facts and conditions concerning Christianity in China. affect the welfare and lives of four which according to his' judgment will supply correct and interesting data hundred millions of people, or on.;;. from which the reader can draw his fourth of the world's population, endows these changes with special human interest. People in western countries want to know what is to be the future of the Chinese nation be- c~use they understand the fact that

conclusion as to the progress and fusion, but we may confidently expect prospects of the Christian religion in that out of the dissolution a new our country. order of things will evolve.

Liberation of Thought and Religion By the provisional constitution of the Nanking Republican government Three years ago a great upheaval religious freedom has become a con- took place in this land which brought stitutional right of the people of the Manchu Court to capitulate its China. It has not only become a own abdication and to accept the offer state policy to preserve this right but of a state pension, and which secured also a living principle in the popular the emancipation of the Chinese mind. And so when a party of Con- people and gave them the right of fucianists attempt to influence the popular government. It is natural to government to raise Confucianism to call it a political event but to evaluate the status of state religion by the in- its importance by its political signifi- clusion of a clause to that effect in cance alone is to overlook its vast the new constitution instantly there intellectual influence which, like a arises opposition from all parts of the seismotic disturbance, has left deep country against the measure. Fol- traces and marks upon every side of lowers of both the Christian religion national life. In fact, it is not in- and the non-Christian religions, men correct to say that the greatest bless- of broad sympathies and intelligence, ing which the Revolution has con- Confucian, Christian, Buddhist, and ferred upon the nation is the libera- what not,-all oppose the establish- tion of thought. Before it, our ment of a state religion, not because highest authority in intellectual judg- they dislike Confucianism, but because ment was tradition and our philosophy a state religion is not conformable to of life was the belief that the old the spirit of republicanism. Both order of things was good enough. President Yuan Shi-kai and Vice- But with the breakdown of the old President Li Yuan-hung have exprest order, we have begun to see that the their opinion as opposed to the policy best is yet to be. We have become of raising one religion above the critical in our attitude toward existing others by the help of the law, and as institutions and have acquired uncon- in favor of freedom of conscience sciously the scientific temper of want- and belief. It is a fact of tremen- ing to know the wherefore of their dous significance that this new idea being. Religious beliefs, moral pre- of religious freedom should have so cepts, social theories as well as forms ingratiated itself in the public mind of government and methods of edu- as to become a mighty force, which cation have become subjects for even Confucianism can not shake or critical discussion and examination. compromise. Hence the rise of newspapers and periodicals, which enjoy wide circu- Some might ask, Is Confucianism lation. Old ideas, beliefs, and pre- loosing ground in China? Is its _cepts are thrown into solution, as it authority dissolving? Are the moral were, and for a time public morals teachings of Confucius less respected and beliefs are in a state of con- and obeyed by the people of China? In answer to these questions we can

PROSPECTS OF CHRISTIANITY IN

hardly say that there has been any desirable, that Confucianism should decline in the nation's regard for be discarded in order that Christi- Confucianism as an ethical system. anity might be adopted. As one In fact, Confucius is more conscien- well-known missionary has said, HIt tiously honored and esteemed to-day is not the rejection of Confucianism than ever before. But in a state of that is to be aimed at, but the far general moral and intellectual con- wider and more zealous preaching of fusion, which attends the liberation of Confucianism and a truer application thought, like heavy fog attending an of its moral teachings in everyday outburst of morning sunshine, Con- Ii fe that we must insist upon for the CHINESE LAYMEN'S MISSIONARY CONFERENCE AT KIANGSU ilembcrs of the ~merican Episcopal Church :Mission. Each banner represents a local band fucianism has suffered with other good of the nation. For the teachsystems, as far as popular practise is ings of Confucius and the teachings concerned. of Jesus are not contradictory but complementary. History has shown But this is very different from that Christianity has been enriched saying that Confucianism is dis·· and not endangered by contact with credited by our people, as some mis- the successive civilizations through sionaries seem to feel that they are which it has come down to our age. justified in saying. To discredit Con- If so, then, it should be a matter for fucianism is to discredit Chinese civil- confident expectation rather than misization, Chinese genius, and so the giving, that Christianity will be the Chinese nation itself. And this no gainer by contact with Confucianism Chinese has done or will do. And it and Chinese civilization." is not necessary, in fact it is un-

Unprejudiced Attitude Toward the unintelligent or the masses have Christianity no appreciation of right and wrong as abstract principles and no self- Mr. Wang Yung-bei, lately Com- control, ana so they must be cajoled missioner of Education for the Prov- or forced into right conduct and preince of Kiangsu, a Confucianist vented from wrong-doing by external scholar and non-Christian, and a authority, which is furnished by ~the sincere man who has thought things religIOUS doctrine of heaven and hell, out for himself, once said to a group or reward and punishment in the next of his Christian friends, "Formerly world." In more refined form the I made a distinction among religions test may be described in the words as native and foreign on account of of Thomas Nixon Carver, an Ameritheir origin. But now I am convincd can sociologist: "What is the best that such a distinction is false for religion? That is the best religion religions as such must be universal." which (I) acts most powerfully as a This statement means that the old spur to energy, and (2) directs that prejudiced attitude toward Christi- energy most productively. That is anity because of its foreign origin the most productive expenditure of no longer exists in the minds of the energy which gives the most life and educated people of China, and that supports it' most abundantly, which they are willing to receive the Chris- gives the largest control over the tian religion according to its intrinsic forces of nature and the most comworth. What a change of attitude plete dominion over the world, and for the better this means is fully which enables men to control whatunderstood by those who have lived ever environment happens to surthrough an earlier period when the round them and to live comfortably Christian religion was officially known in it." (Quotation from Carver's as the foreign religion and to be a "The Religion Worth Having," 1912, Christian was to be ridiculed as dis- pp. 12- 13.) loyal to one's nation and family! The need of the hour seems to The educated people of China, like push into the background any other Mr. Wang, are desirous of having a consideration of the meaning of reworthy religion for the nation.. In ligion. The essentially religious motive their search for such a religion they ideas such as, communion with God, apply a test, which may be described the human sense of dependence upon as the utilitarian standar:d. They want higher powers, the thirst of the soul a religion that can save the nation for the divine personality, and so from moral and physical degeneration. forth, are overshadowed by the That is the first and last requirement, demand for results. There is no "to save the nation." In a crude cause for alarm in this. The utiliform the test may be amplified some- tarian appreciation of religion usually what as follows: "The chief function comes first and before spiritual apof religion is disciplinary. The intel- preciation. The former generally ligent people or men of education leads to the latter. But when it does can be made to understand the prin- not, then there is danger ahead. We ciples of right and wrong and to need not be afraid of Christianity guide their conduct accordingly. But

being tested by the utilitarian stand- tized Christian in every four hundred ard, for as Professor Carver has of the population. But the ,~oral inpointed out, while many of the pagan fluence that this body of men and religions seem to perform the first women exercise among their· fellow function of religion-that is, as a spur to energy,-somewhat better countrymen is at least ten times its than Christianity, none of them has proportionate share. In other words, equaled Christianity in the second, the influence of the Christian comthat is, in the productiveness with munity in society is as if one out of which its energy has been directed. every forty of the population were a Christian believer. As proof of this CHINESE STUDENT VOLUNTEERS FOR THE CHRISTIAN MINISTRY These volunteers are from schools and colleges near Shanghai, gathered at the Kiangsu Summer Conference At the present time, Christianity is fact, we may cite the order of the gaining ground among our people not President's Cabinet in April of last only because it has a good theology year, calling upon all Christians in but especially because it is a religion the land to pray for the nation, and that shows practical results. As they commanding state officials to attend see the fruits, so they judge the tree. the Christian services. Very few people seem to believe that the order Moral Influence of Christians to observe April 27th as the National Prayer Day was a political move to In China we can not boast of a win the sympathy and favor of Chrislarge Christian church membership. tian nations. It is generally regarded Perhaps there is at most one ba1'-

as a sincere desire on the part of the public mind. Unlike evangelistic work nation's leaders to invoke divine help these educational agencies are not for the newly established government primarily concerned with the gaining of the country according to the way of church members, but with evan- of the Christians. Whatever our in- gelistic work they are almlllg at terpretation of the event, we must all the Christianization of society.

see that it was an unsought spon- Another powerful agency whereby taneous acknowledgment of the in- Christian ideas and ideals are dis- fluence of the Christians III the' seminated and realized among our country. It is not necessary for us people is the Young Men's Christian to reiterate the familiar proofs of Association and the Young Women's the same fact, such as the leading Christian Association. The Christian part which Christians play in fighting Associations include in their member- against national evils, opium-smoking, ship both church-members and non- concubinage, slavery, etc., and in Christians. They aim to build up movements that aim at positive ame- for the nation and for the Church lioration of society, as education, strong Christian manhood and .medical work, social services of womanhood in the complete sense of various kinds. the word. They have had a wonder- One of the ways whereby the Chris- ful career in the large cities and have tians exercise large moral influence is been the means of reaching many in educational institutions. It is un- young men and women anel leading disputed that there are no better them into the Christian life.

schools and colleges in the land than The Chinese Ministry and the Student Christian schools and colleges. They Voluntl!er Movement are superior to others not necessarily The native ministry is the crux in the excellence of their equipment of the missionary problem. Just as or their curriculum, altho it is gener- the training of the twelve disciples ally the case, but in their good dis- was the chief work of Christ on earth, cipline and influence upon the char- so the training of the native ministry acter of the students. According tq must be the chief work of the mis- latest statistics there are about eighty sionaries. As Mott said, if China is thousand students in Christian pri- ever reached for Christ, it will be mary schools and more than thirty- largely through the influence of the one thousand students in the institu- Chinese, because the native worker tions of higher grades. It is not knows the language of the people, difficult to interpret these numbers in their environment, customs and tradi- the term of Christian nurture upon tions, their successes and failures, as personal character, upon family life, no foreigner can. And so the native and upon social customs and ideals. ministry is the most important human Besides the schools and colleges, there factor for the establishment of the are other educational agencies such Christian Church in China. Mission- as Christian literature societies, tract aries sow the seeds of the Gospel, societies, mission presses, Christian but the watering of the plants and publications, which together wield a the reaping of the harvest must be large molding influence over the the work of natives.

PROSPECTS OF CHRISTIAK'ITY I~

But the difficult problem has been the past, (2) to enlist qualified young to secure a sufficient number of quali- men for the ministry, (3) to raise fied men for the ministry, and to hold the status of the ministry in public them in it. The calling is a new one mind, (4) to advance theological eduand so lacks the appealing power of cation, and (5) to encourage minisan old institution with its record of terial students to take the best prepfamous men in its ranks, ·as preachers, aration for their life-work. It is pastors and doctors of theology. 1110st gratifying that already there are Lack of appreciation of ministerial in the Christian ministry men of rework in the popular mind, the low cognized ability, education and consestatus of the ministry, and other un- cration, such as Rev. Cheng Chingfavorable conditions deter promising yi, Pastor Ting Li-mei, Rev. Lindel young men from selecting the min- Tsen, Rev. P. N. Tsu, and Rev. istry as their life-work. Moreover Bernard Tsen, who as living models other professions seem to offer to of what the native ministry should be men of ability greater opportunities are raising the ministerial standard for personal advancement and social and attracting young men of like recognition, and so men of this kind qualification to a favorable considerare attracted more by these profes- ation of the claims of the ministry. sions than by the ministry. Finally. lack of consecration on the part of The Chinese Church our educated Christian .yOl1l1g men is another serious cause to account for Exactly one hundred years ago the deficiency of men for the min- Robert Morrison, the great missionistry. In short, the ministerial prob- ary pioneer, baptized his first convert lem of the Christian Church in our in the person of Tsai A-ko. "At a country is the same problem that has spring of water, issuing from the confronted the Church in America foot of a lofty hill, by the seaside, for the last fifty years. away from hnman observation, I bap- tized him in the name of the Father, Recently conditions have improved. Son and Holy Ghost. . . . May he The Student Volunteer Movement for be the first fruits of a great harvest." the Ministry has been organized, "as These words were found in Mora spontaneous response to a specific rison's diary for 1814. To-day there and urgent need," as one missionary are 370,000 baptized members affiliput it. It derived its original impetus ated with Protestant churches. Elsefrom the evangelistic work of a where in this essay, we have atnative pastor, Mr. Ting Li-mei, tempted to show that the moral inamong the students of north China fluence of the Christians 111 our in 19IO, when over three hundred country is ten times their numerical students dedicated their lives for strength. The other characteristics Christian service. The movement has of the Chinese Church that are notesince then spread rapidly. The formal worthy are the desire for unity, coorganization was effected in 1912, operation and federation in large miswhen an executive committee was sionary undertakings, and self-propaappointed. The objects of the move- gation. We quote the findings of ment are (I) to conserve results of the 1913 China National Missionary

Conference on the Chinese Church in China and to present themselves, for their lucid statement of facts and in the face of the great mass of conditions and their true reflection of Chinese non-Christian people, as one the spirit of the Chinese Church: brotherhood with one common name, "This Conference prays with one this Conference suggests as the most accord for that unity of all Chris- suitable name for this purpose, tians for which our Lord Himself "Chung-hwa Ki-toh Kiao-hwe," or prayed, that the world may know and "The Christian Church in China."

receive Him as God the Son, the Savior of all mankind, and in accord- The Signs of Progress ance with this prayer, earnestly de- In conclusion, we re-state briefly sires the unity of the whole Church the facts and conditions which to of Christ in China. our mind show that Christianity has "This Conference rej oices that the made genuine progress in China and churches in China, for the most part, that' prospects of its future are bright have been organized as self-govern- and promising of greater acllieve- ing bodies, and believes that in ment. Of the signs of progress, respect of form and organization, there are (1), the establishment of they should have freedom to develop the Chinese Church; (2) the spirit in accord with the most natural ex- of unity and self-propagation; (3) pression of tqe spiritual instincts of the Student Volunteer Movement for Chinese Christians. At the same the Ministry; (4) the Christian edu- time it is essential for these churches cational work; (5) the moral in- to maintain cordial relations with the fluence of Christians. Concerning the churches of the West, that they may future of Christianity in China, there absorb every good influence which are besides the above-stated facts, those churches can impart. other favorable conditions, such as "In order that Christianity may ( I) Liberation of Chinese thought, appeal with force to the minds and hitherto tradition-bound; (2) the hearts of the Chinese people and win Constitutional right of freedom of their growing national consciousness conscience and belief; (3) Unpreju- for the service of Christ, it is of the diced attitude toward Christianity; utmost importance for the churches (4) Sincere search for a worthy re- to be so developed that the Chinese ligion for the nation. In short, large themselves may recognize them as opportunities are opening the way for having become truly native. Christianity to advance and possess "In order to do all that is possible the nation. May the Christian Church to manifest the unity which already have the strength to realize her mis- exists among all faithful Christians sion in China.

If a man love not the immigrant whom he hath seen, how shall he love the foreigner in other lands whom he hath not seen.-The American Home Missionary.

OF THE YOUNG PEOPLE'S SOCIETY AT TRES ARROYOS

In this group arc those who have Dutch, Swiss, Spanish, German, French, and Italian blood Evangelizing the Queen Province of Argentina BY REV. ROBERT F. ELDER, TRES ARROYOS, ARGENTINA Missionary of the Evangelical Union of South America I JI F Argentina holds pre- to put Great Britain and Ireland. ~ mier place a m 0 n g This province has 2,100,000 inhabit- 'South American re- ants, and its semi-cultivated and publics, Buenos Aires semi-developed plains of fertile soil ~ holds premier p I ace are capable of giving a living to among A r g e n tin e many millions more. Buenos Aires provinces. This province and the contains 42 per cent. of the culticity of the same name contain al- vated land of Argentina, and promost half of the 7,000,000 inhabit- duces half of the enormous cereal ants of the Republic, but the two crop, one-half of the sheep, oneare distinct political divisions. The third of the cattle, and one-third of city of Buenos Aires is the Federal the horses. Of the 2~MI3 kilocapital, with 1,250,000 inhabitants; meters of railways in the Republic, the province, with its separate pro- over one-third are laid on Buenos vincial government, includes an area Aires soil, and the rapid extension of into which it would be just possible the wisely planned network of rail-

ways has worked miracles. Impor- conservative in the extreme, subservtant cities and towns are now to be ient to clerical rule, and steeped in found where twenty-five years ago the superstitions of a degenerate Roall was open, untamed country. manism. In the newer towns, about There are towns of from I,OOO to 80 per cent. of the men and over 40 3,000, the growth of five to eight per cent. of the women are avowedyears, and new townships, which soon ly anti-clerical. For appearance sake grow into towns, come into being many still adhere to certain outward every year. The population of the ceremonies of the Roman Church, province has doubled in fifteen but others are bitter opponents of reyears, and altho this year it will re- ligion, and their hatred for the priests ceive a partial check owing to a finan- and scorn for religious ceremonies is cial crisis due chiefly to mad specu- unbounded. Between the two exlation and the failure of the harvest, tremes of the ignorant and supereverything indicates that when things stitious masses and the fanatical and return to normal it will continue its bitter anti-clericals, who often take steady growth. the form of agnosticism, atheism, or spiritism, we find another class that It is in this "Queen of the Ar- 15 being imbued with democratic gentine provinces" that the Evan- principles, and hence is naturally regelical Union of South America has volting against clerical dominance. established its principal work. From This class has begun to read, or, at the missionary standpoint, Buenos least, to listen to echoes of current Aires presents something ut11que. literature, and hence has ceased to Perhaps in no other country is there believe in the efficacy of mere rea more cosmopolitan population. The ligious ceremonies. Those who comonly truly successful and abiding pose it will still declare themselves work must be carried on in the Span- Roman Catholics, but they boldly ish language. Even the sons of for- avow that they do not believe in bapeigners, especially after the second tismal regeneration, or in the worgeneration, tho they may understand ship of images, which they consider the language of their grandparents, a relic of the dark ages; transubprefer the national language. stantiation they declare ridiculous; the confessional pernicious; the in- Buenos Aires is more liberal, more fallibility of the Pope unthinkable; enlightened, and more progressive indulgences an exploitation of suthan her sister provinces. While the perstitious ignorance; extreme unc- Roman Catholic Church is the State tion a useless ceremony; prayers for church, in Buenos Aires her influ- the dead inefficacious; purgatory nonence over the people is much less existent; sacerdotalism a curse to any than 111 the Northern provinces. land. They retain the religious in- There are old-established towns, stinct, for they believe in, and reverwithout local industries, half-dead ence, God-a distant, unknown Sucommercially, with a foundation' of preme Being. They believe in the the old "criollo" familes, who give the Christ of history, and mentally actone to the place, who, however quiesce in the principal Christian docamiable and hospitable they may' be, are devoid of initiative. They are

I914] EVANGELIZING THE QUEEN PROVINCE OF ARGENTINA

trines and moral precepts; yet they teaching of any sort except what they know nothing of a personal God pick up at the public houses where who is "nearer than hands or feet"; men congregate, and which tends of a personal Savior who ennobles only to make them despise all reand enriches the character as well ligion. This is what is actually comas saves them from their sins; nor ing to pass in the country districts. do they know anything of a vital The young men of the country, as practical religion which is of the well as many of the towns, are comheart, and reveals itself in conduct. ing to think that they have no souls, and, as a result, they live as tho they The sad story is that many of the had not. callous agnostics and blatant atheists have passed through that stage of In addition to the Roman Cathmental evolution, and some of them olics there are many thousands of might have been diverted from the Pro t est ant extraction scattered lowest and basest to the highest and throughout the country. A few weeks noblest if the Gospel of Jesus Christ ago a woman called at our house. had been presented to them in a sane She had a son, who was very ill, and illuminating way. Many such and who died shortly after. Her acknowledge that evangelicals teach mother was English and her father the truth, and some of them break Argentine. When I went to the old ties, and gladly turn to God. house the lady from whom she had Others listen and approve, but are so rented her room at once greeted me wedded to custom, and so fearful of as a Protestant, and spoke of having what people will say, that they stay tried to explain to the neighbors where they were. But they are about the customs of "our religion." thinking, and are at least arrested She said that her father was English in their mental drift toward a ma- and her mother Argentine, but she terialism which is more baneful in had scarcely ever attended a reits moral effects than the ignorant ligious service except when the Rosuperstitions which they have left. man Catholic priest had christened If this drift toward materialism is babies at whose birth she had been not arrested, and continues to ad- pr~sent, or had administered extreme vance as rapidly as during the last unction to some dying patient she ten years, the majority of the people was nursing. After the funeral I in the province of Buenos Aires will questioned the uncle of the boy conbe practically pagan in fifty years. cerning his. British parentage. A This is one of the strong arguments close friend who was present opened for preaching the Gospel boldly his eyes with wonder and said, "Why throughout this land. man, you did not tell me that before. I have British blood, also. My father Those who know what spiritual, was a Scotchman and my mother an moral, and intellectual strength has Argentine." Then he gave us as his been given to their nations by the name one of the most celebrated in farmers in Great Britain and Ameri- Scottish history. None of these ca will recognize the calamity it is could converse in English, but alI that the sons of the soil in Buenos were of Protestant extraction and Aires grow up devoid of religious

respected the Protestant religion. dred years ago the United States of With the exception of the mother of America had fewer people, and only the boy, who had attended Spanish a little over two centuries ago Great services in Buenos Aires, not one Britain could not boast of more. Tohad any real idea as to what the Bible day these two nations not only are teaches. They are only a step re- strong numerically, but exert a removed from Paganism. straining moral influence on other nations, and lead the way in the van- A few months ago we had a ser- guard of justice. They do this bevice at a country farm house where cause they possess thousands of truly the mother is a Dutch Protestant, Christian citizens, whose life is a and the father, now dead, was an protest against evil, and who form a Italian. A neighboring family came public conscience which revolts to the service, whose mother is also against all wrongdoing. Dutch and the father Spanish Basque. Not one of them would have Mexico is an example of how anything to do with Romanism. But political corruption and lack of pubwere it not for our presence here lic conscience in a nation may perthose families would have no op- turb the world's peace. If Argenportunity to receive religious instruc- tina advances without having a fountion. dation of moral principle, character, and conscience, it is possible for it These are but examples of many. to become a cesspool of moral cor- There are Danish, Dutch, German, ruption in the world, and a menace Russian, Swiss, French, Spanish, to other nations. Nothing can re- Italian, Syrian, and others of Prot- place the Gospel of Jesus Christ in estant ongm, who have spiritual the building of character and in the needs, and whose children need teach- creation of a national conscience. ing. If there were no Protestant Hence Argentina's leading province missions established here, the next needs Jesus Christ above every other generation of these people would be need, that it may lead the other provlost to evangelical Christianity. There inces to higher things, and to make should be a Protestant mission 1ll war on the graft and nepotism which every town in the province, if for no ruin the politics of the land, and other reason than to save the sons the moral degradation so prevalent of nominally Protestant immigrants to-day. If the present state of things from becoming entirely irreligious. develops at the same rate as the in- crease of population, with the same In Argentina we are building a new propelling forces behind, the outnation, of which Buenos Aires is a come in fifty years will be worse very important part, and which al- than the darkest dreams of any ready affects to a marked degree the chronic pessimist. If, on the other commercial life of the world. The hand, new moral and spiritual inday is coming when it will influence fluences can be set loose, new steadygreatly the political life also. N u- ing principles established, and new merically, Argentina may yet take its propelling forces directed, such as are place among the front-rank world the outcome of the application of the powers. It has the necessary extent of territory and resources. One hun-

I9I4] EVANGELIZING THE QUEEN PROVINCE OF ARGENTINA

Gospel of Jesus Christ to private and The results are wider reaching public life, this youthful nation may than any statistics of church-mem- not only send food for millions in bership would reveal. Altho we have Europe, but may react beneficially on no inclusive returns at hand, there the morality and the conduct of the are probably not more than 1,600 world. Are these dreams of an op- who are members of evangelical timist? Perhaps they are, but they churches or Salvation Army soldiers are dreams which every true Chris- in the province. Weare but at the tian should endeavor, to the point of beginnings of our work yet. There real sacrifice, to turn into facts. are many more people in the king- Some are striving to do this al- dom than are i n clu d e d in the ready, but the forces are entirely in- churches. Results there are that adequate. The Methodist Episcopal would gladden the heart of any Church has some eight centers with Christian. Here are some samples: settled missionaries, from which a A member of one of our churches, number of outstations are worked. who, when converted, was a compara- The Brethren have four or five cen- tively poor man, has since prospered ters and branch work. The Christian greatly, and has consecrated his and Missionary Alliance have two money to the Lord. He bore the centers from which they work in lion's share of the expense for the neighboring districts. The Salva- building of a church and manse for tion Army have several established the work in his town, and is at the centers of work and do itinerating. present time bearing the whole ex- The Southern Baptist Board have re- pense of a new schoolroom. In the cently taken over a work started same church is a young lady, who some years ago in La Plata by the was converted as a girl, just when Christian and Missionary Alliance. her clear, rich voice was making her There are a few independent work- popular in social circles, and who was ers, and the Evangelical Union has thus saved from countless moral s,even centers from which outstations perils. She has fully consecrated her are worked. voice and talents to the Lord, and is, Many of these missionaries are the likely to be taken on as a mission only preachers III Spanish III a worker. Her singing of the Gospel radius containing some 100,000 message has already been much blest.

people. Our district of Tres Ar- One of our earliest Sunday-school royos has 40,000 people, and around pupils was converted just when he it are four other districts containing was giving way to the temptations of together 62,000 people, with no other youth, and is now a successful help- resident Protestant missionary who er, working as colporteur and evan- preaches in Spanish. My helper and gelist. There is a neat little house I are the only preachers of the Gos- down one of our streets, and its pel in Spanish in a zone containing· owner declares it to be a monument 31,850 square kilometers, with a to the power of Christ to save a population of I02,OOO people. Our drunkard. That Spanish victim of nearest colleague, either to the north drink made his wretched home a hell or the· south, is IOO miles away. nine years ago. His wife says that

it is heaven now. Their home is of establishing a work in Juarez their own, built with what he would three years ago. The Juarez church previously have spent for drink. now pays its own expenses, and has Around the corner is a Dutchman left Tandil and Tres Arroyos free who could tell the same story. Last to start in other towns. From Juarez year one of our members was pro- one of the members will run a Sunmoted by his firm to take delivery of clay-school in a town some twentythe grain they bought. Many sellers seven miles away. are very suspicious of the weighing, and in some ca~cs not without reason. If strong young men and women One man G'.me to watch all his stuff in the homelands could only grip the weighed. When he saw our meober fact that here we are engaged in the weigh one or two lots, he asked, enthralling work of building a new '"Are you going to weigh it all?" nation, and that there is the proba- "Yes, . sir," was the answer. "Well, bility of their life and teaching being then, I am going. I have known translated into lives that will wield you for over five years, and I know wide influence in the country, and be what sort of man you are, so I am re-lived and re-taught in the yet unnot going to trouble any more." born generations, they would respond to our call for workers. We need At an outstation, Juarez, we have competent school-teachers. S tat e watched some of the Church mem- schools exist in every center, but the bers develop into some of the finest teaching is superficial, and the moral types of Christian we have ever met. atmosphere evil. The Government Altho it is not long since the work can not. supply the demand for was started there, no sooner did we schools. According to the Almaganize a church than the members naqUf? dr?l JYfensagero, "there are in took upon themselves the entire responsibility of the rent and other ex- the province 286,623 children of penses, and some of the young con- school age, of whom only 143,280 verts run successfully a Sunday- attend school." It is not our intention school with about forty children. One to attempt to meet that need, but we man, who is a builder, has promised urgently need schools for the chilto do all the bricklaying work free of dren of our congregations, for it will charge if we can provide him with be policy to give them a thorough the materials to build a church. education under Christian moral in: fluences. Strong, educated, and Our latest convert here is a charm- keenly spiritual missionaries are an ing girl, a daughter of Basques, who even greater need, perhaps; men with is a school-teacher, said by the prin- the evangelistic gift, and at the same cipal of the local normal school to be time capable of teaching and training the best student in Tres Arroyos. the intelligent young people we are And that sets us dreaming and see- raising in our Sunday-schools, and ing visions, for there are potentiali- shall yet produce in our schools. ties and possibilities in these young lives. Evangelically the day is still dark in . The Tandil and Tres Arroyos Buenos Aires, but that constitutes the churches united to pay the expenses loud call for Christ's true disciples to let their light shine here.

F. G. PENZOTTI. AND A GR(lUP OF AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY

..~The Bible In Latin America BY I'. G. PENZOTTI,* BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA Agent of the American Bible Society m_ Bible in the republics four million Bibles or portions. OR the past thirty-six paraiso. Only a few thousand copies ~ years, or since 1877, I of the Bible were in circulation. To- F have been preaching day the American Bible Society and circulating the alone has put in circulation almost of Uruguay, Paraguay, Forty years ago the doors seemed Brazil, Argentine Republic, Chile, impassable, some of our colporteurs Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, were giving up their lives either Venezuela, Panama, Costa Rica, through violence or through the Nicaragua, Honduras, San Salvador, fevers . Many times have I been Guatemala, Cuba, Jamaica, Mex;ico, at death's door, I have also been im- and other places. prisoned for the ,,yard and have My remembrance goes back to the endured great persecutions and many time when all the missionary work privations. But as the apostle Paul in this continent was represented by tells us: Our "labor is not in vain smatl groups of believers in Buenos in the Lord."

Aires, Montevideo, Rosario and Val- No pen can describe the effect pro- .. Mr. Pcnzolti has probably traveled more in South America tHan any other missionar y, and is better acquainted with missionary work than any other one man. Vhat he says, therefore, is of especial interest and importance.

duced by the circulation of the Bible effectual is opened unto me, and there and the preaching of the Gospel in are many adversaries." these countries. I have just returned from a seven months' trip, A quarter of a century ago the having visited several republics on Roman Church had limitless dominthe Pacific coast and bring with me ion in all Latin America, but their the conviction that all over the field system was mechanical and cerethe voice from Macedonia can be monial. Doubts and unbelief arose, heard, "Come and help us." Romanism was confused with Chris- tianism, and liberty with license. It is fifty years since the Ameri- Men began to look with contempt can Bible Society first started their on everything religious and conwork in South America. For the sidered religion an enemy to profirst twenty years they worked in gress. It is difficult to convince such Argentine and Uruguay only, but men that they are confusing form since r883 they have extended to with reality; but we nevertheless, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru, and in r886 meet persons of good judgment who to Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia and recognize the superiority of true Ecuador. When Mr. Milne and my- Christianity, and who have acknowlself began to work here the ways edged that the only hope for upliftof travel were so difficult and dan- ing these countries is in Protestant gerous that at times we were in evangelization. danger of losing our lives. A few months ago when I was in A fter thirty-six years of experi- Callao, Peru, some of the Roman ence in Latin America I find that clergy and fanatics went to the Prethe most practical way to begin mis- fect asking him to forbid us from sion work in new places is to send spreading our doctrines. The Preour men with the Bible in their fect answered them: "To forbid the hands to prepare the way. The col- spreading of such a good and moral" porteur carries the divine lamp in izing doctrine it is necessary to be a his hand, from town to town, and savage, and as I am not a savage, from house to house, and can enter· I will not forbid it." These words the homes where the voice of a have been said by _the first authority pastor ar missionary has never been of the principal port of the last heard. It frequently awakens interest, country in South America to grant and there are genuine conversions by the liberty of cult, which has just means of the colporteur. Conver- been obtained, and where we have sions are not infrequently due to the worked hard and suffered. simple reading of the Word. The work is difficult, but has the approval The doors are now open from and blessing of the Lord. Tierra del Fuego to Cuba, and we have the opportunity to enter. Rome, Latin America is rightly called the after four centuries of dominion, has "Continent of Opportunity," and it given evidence of her impotence would be a pity to lose that oppor- morally to uplift these countries. We tunity. We find, like St. Paul (r must show them that Protestant mis- Cor. r6: 9): "A great door and sions are not asking the people to change their religion, bnt are seeking

BIBLE IN LATIN

to show that that religion should owner of a small hotel finally: let me change them individually. We must have his dining-room, where a large show that our arms are not carnal number of men came, but not one for destruction, but spiritual for edi- lady. The next day as I took the fication. The people will then be small steamer to cross the lake of convinced of the superiority of Chris- Nicaragua on my way to Granada a tianism. lady of about sixty years of age came to speak to me. She was very ner- There has been in South America vous and frightened, and said to me: a strong prejudice against the United States. European merchants point to "Sir, do you think that the end of the American eagle as an invader. the world has come?" The Roman clergy also give the cry of alarm against "the dreadful Yan- "No, madam," I answered. "What kees," who send their Bibles and has happened?" missionaries from personal interests. Lately this spirit seems to be disap- "Have you not heard?" pearing, specially during the last few "No, I have heard nothing." years, because of the visit of such "Just think, sir, a Protestant preacher came here last night. Do YOIl men as Elihu Root, William J. Bryan, not think that the end of the world has come?" John Barrett, John R. Mott, and, "Did you go to hear this man?" lately, Theodore Roosevelt. "May God deliver me. W ere you present ?" I replied that I was there, The supreme need of these coun- and she said she had been told that tries is the glorious Gospel and to there was a large crowd of men, but make it possible that the day may that the women were all ready with come when in each house they will sticks and stones waiting outside to have the divine lamp, the Bible. kill him, the preacher. A French gentleman who was near, Money and foreign arms have de- listening to our conversation, said to veloped the natural resources of the her that this was not Christ's teachcountry, but they have not been ing; but in a low tone of voice she able to make this kind of antagonism said to me: of races, customs, languages, and re- "Yes, sir, we must kill the wolfs. ligions disappear. What men can Do you not think so?" not do the Bible is doing; it is the "Madam, perhaps you have been best diplomacy for conciliation with the foreigner of different nation- . wrongly informed about this gentlealities and creeds, bringing the people nearer to God their Creator. man." "Oh, no, I know very well what Some Instances is happening. I have been told that In Rivas, Nicaragua, while visiting he is coming on board of this from town to town and house to steamer, and I fear that we will go house, with the Bible in my hand to down." read and explain the contents to the people, and looking for a place where I opened my New Testament and I could hold public meetings I could tried to explain to her some passages. find no place to hold· them. The She listened attentively and with interest, and asked what book it was.

"The New Testament of Jesus with the door locked, and, of course, Christ." she thought it could be nothing good. At last she looked through the key- "What is the New Testament?" hole and we can imagine her surprize "It is what Christ and His apostles on seeing her two boys on their knees had taught." with their open Bible. The mother "That is why it is so beautiful; could not resist the impulse, and please read some more." knocking at the door asked what was As I read and explained, she was the meaning of this. Opening the door much interested, and at last she ex- to her they told her the whole truth: claimed, "Sir, you truly are a good Christian, but we must kill and burn "Now, mother," they said, "we that heretic." know that we have been bad sons to After we reached the other side you and have made you suffer a great of the lake she was so greatly imprest deal, but from now on we wish to that she begged me to come again be good boys, and to help you." The soon. Then the same French gentle- mother was so surprized that she man came up and said to her, "Why asked them where this place of wordid you speak like that to this gentle- ship was, for she wished to go to man, he is the same one who preached hear this religion which had changed last evening." her children so completely.· They "The same man! He seemed so took her to the next meeting. At the well educated!" next service she came with all her N ow we havy in this same town eight children. On their return home several groups of believers whose they took all their images of different souls belong to the Divine Shepherd. sizes and colors and made a great In Callao, Peru, there is a family of bonfire with them. vVhen the father ten, consisting of father, mother, and entered the house he was frightened eight children. The two older sons, to see the smoke, but only found his twenty and twenty-two, were given wife and children warming themselves over to sin and were a burden to with the fire from the images. For their parents. One evening they some years two of the boys have been were walking the streets looking for working as missionari~s, and one of adventures and happened to pass in the girls married a Protestant pastor. front of our chapel. When they heard the singing they came inside In spite of persecutions, privations to make fun of us. I spoke to them and prisons in the past, I rejoice to kindly but firmly, and they changed find rich fruits of the work of many their minds and seemed imprest by years. Boys that I used to take by the service. Both came to our next the hand and young men who were meeting and were regular in atten- on the wrong road are now coldance ever after. One evening when porteurs, others are teachers, pastors, we did not hold a service they re- engineers, managers of banks and mained at home and locked them- secretaries of the government-men selves in their r00!ll. Their mother, with good positions who give a good who had' lost all confidence in them, testimony to Christ by their lives-. wondered what they could be doing How true it is that "your labor is not in vain in the Lord."

Warid at

ALLIES NATION AREA POPULATION British Empire: 121,633 46,035,570 United Kingdom …….. . 120 235,063 Europe …………….. . 1,802,657 315,156,396 India ………………. . 166,834 8,709,533 6,551,513 Asia ……..•………… 3,191,773 Australia …………… . 2,135,147 37,990,222 4,010,914 10,096,863 Africa ……………… . America ……………. . 207,054 39,601,509 France: 4,538,543 40,986,243 Republic ……………. . 1,997,310 140,683,000 Dependencies ……….. . 6,294,119 27,236,800 Russia: 125,689 3,140,100 Europe …………….. . 11,373 7,571,387 Asia ……………….. . 909,654- 15,005,465 18,650 2,911,701 Finland …………….. . 260.738 52,985,423 Belgium ………………. . 5,603 516,000 Belgian Kongo ……… . Servia ……………….. . POPULATION Japan …..•……………. Montenegro ……………. .

THE OPPONENTS NATION AREA Germany .0 ••••••••••• 0.0.0 208,780 64,925,993 1,027,820 (White) Dependencies ••••• 0.0 •••• 24,389 241,491 (Native) Austria-Hungary ••••• 0.0 ••• 0 12,041,603 49,458,421 SYMPATHY OF NEUTRALS IMPARTIAL NEUTRALS With Ames With Germany United States Switzerland Italy Turkey Latin America Portugal Albania China Spain Persia? Denmark Holland Afghanistan? Norway Rumania? Sweden Bulgaria Siam Greece

WORLD AT WAR-ALL SHADED PORTIONS ARE INVOLVED IN THE PRESENT

Effects of the War

Missions REPORTS FROM VARIOUS BOARDS, SOCIETIES, AND MISSIONS ~T HE nations of the quietly. Many of the colporteurs, world are so closely however, are serving as soldiers.

linked together that if "As it is impossible to obtain sup- plies from Germany, we are printing "one member suffers all in this country a German Gospel and also a Gospel in diglot form with I the members suffer German and English in parallel col- umns." with it." The suffer- Rev. E. P. Sketchley, M.A., asing is all the more keen and more sistant secretary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in constant because of the incessant war- Foreign Parts, writes: "So far as we know none of the society's work outring in our world-members between side Europe is suffering interference in consequence of the war. Vhen those who follow the usurping war was declared we were anxious for the safety of 122 chaplains on the "Prince of this world," and those who Continent. They are nearly all safe now, and there are only twenty-one are servants of God, the rightful about whom we are still anxious."

Ruler. The Rev. Cyril Bardsley, M.A., the honorary secretary of the CM.S., Practically every religious and states that the committee is greatly encouraged by the income received missionary organization is hampered during August, which is quite up to the average of past years. "Once and some are suffering because of more," he says, "our brethren at the front are nobly and promptly rethe war, but there is no need that the sponding to our message asking them to cut down their expenditure in work of God should permanently suf- every possible way. The supporters of the Society at home may be asfer. If men will but learn the les- sured that all expenditure, both in the field and at Salisbury Square, will be sons He is seeking to teach them, most rigorously limited so long as the work itself is not curtailed." great blessing may come from this In several of the missions of the murderous strife. Church Missionary Society the mis- sionaries are passing through a time The following are some of the re- ports of the British and American Mission Boards in reference to the difficulty of sending men and money to the field, the financial stringency at home, and the increased obstacles to the work abroad.

Reports from British Societies The Rev. John H. Ritson, M.A., secretary of the British and Foreign Bible Society, says: "We have not yet had any communication from our German or Austrian agencies, but we are in touch with all the other Continental agents, and in most countries our colportage work is proceeding

of considerable anxiety, chiefly "Our missionaries in Madagascar through lack of news, but there is no must be in great difficulty. They reason for fear as to their saIety. telegraphed three weeks ago that the Owing to the mobilization in the bank refused them money. Ve have Ottoman Empire and to the difficul- been able to send them 5,000 francs ties experienced, such as those of by Ranarivelo, the great merchant of obtaining money and cashing cheques, Tananarive, who is at this moment a C. M. S. agent has been dispatched in France, bu~ it is a very small sum, to Palestine to look after the interests and we ourselves are very short of of the missionaries, and to render money; because of the moratorium any special assistance that may be we can hardly draw any money out needed. In German East Africa the of the bank. Besides, our society isolation of the missionaries is com- was behind in funds when the war plete, and no communication with began, which suddenly stopt all rethem is at present possible. ceipts. We have had to ask all our missionaries to live as they can on The stations of the C.M.S. 111 the produce of the country, and not German East Africa extend over a to pay the evangelists and native line of some 250 miles, and are in teachers. It is a heartbreaking situtwo different countries, Ukaguru anel ation. I hope we shall be able to Llgogo, in which distinct languages send a small sum at the end of are spoken. In 1913 there were September, but it will only be a little. three stations in each country, but two stations have since been amal- "Some English friends who were gamated. There are over a dozen much concerned at the situation of missionaries with their wives still in our two South African missions in German East Africa. Basutoland and Rhodesia have fur- nished the money, and have asked A letter of greeting to the German the British Colonial Minister to inter- Baptist Missionary Society has been vene and to furnish food as soon as written by the foreign secretary of possible to our missionaries. But the British Baptist Missionary Society, nothing of the kind has been done and the missionaries in everyone of for the missions of the French colthe society's fields have been notified onies, and it is there they will suffer that in rendering any emergency especially, both on the Kongo and in service to members of Continental Madagascar. We are having to re- ITIlSlOnary soclettes they will be duce the allowance of our missionacting in full accordance with the aries on furlough, an allowance aldesire and purpose of the committee ready very insufficient, and also the and supporters of the Society at pensions a f retired missionaries and home. widows, which is almost cruel.

Continental Mislions "How much we must ask God that this terrible trial will not last Mr. F. H. Hawkins, LL.B., secre- too long. One asks if Europe could tary of the London Missionary So- endure it through the whole of next ciety, has given out the translation winter." of a letter from Paris written by an influential French Protestant. "For our French Church," states

EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON

a Vesleyan Methodist Society, "the church will be more disastrously war is a disaster of inestimable mag- affected than the Moravian Church.

nitude. Those stations in the south The Moravian Church is an organic will probably escape the worst hor- unity throughout the world, and its rors of' cpJlflict; but our people in missions are carried on by the Church the frontier town of Nancy are sure as a whole. Its Mission Board is to suffer terribly. It is as yet too composed of one American, one early to foresee how many of the Englishman, one German, and two other circuits may also be involved. chosen . from the Church at large.

At best, the war spells calamity for The central offices are in Herrnhut our work in France." in Saxony, in Germany.

Mo"re than 250 French Protestant "Hence it is cut off from direct clergymen have gone to the front communication with all its various with the French armies, and prac- fields, and especially from those in tically all of the German Methodist Africa. About 60 per cent. of the ministers in south Germany are with income of the Moravian Mission the German army. The Methodist Board has been derived from the Theological School at Frankfort has countries now at war, all of which is been closed, as nearly all the students jeopardized, so that it can readily be have been called to fight. seen into what a critical condition German missionaries are in a Moravian missions have been plunged.

seriotls position owing to the war, "In the Home provinces there are and facts are given illustrating the members of the Moravian Church in manner in which they are cut off the British, the German, the Austrian from their home base. and probably the Russian armies. No "In India," says Dr. David Downie, direct advices have been received "Germany has 400 Protestant mis- from the Austrian and Russian sionaries and in South Africa prob- .Moravians."

ably the same number. These are The Moravian Brethren in Eng- Moravians, Lutherans, Baptists and land desiring to express their firm Methodists, and their work is highly conviction that this awful war need esteemed by their English colleagues, not disrupt the churchly unity have with whom they cooperate in unity adopted the following minute: and amity. At present these 800 "This Synod of the British Prov- missionaries can not communicate ince of the Moravian Church sends with their headquarters nor can they hearty and. brotherly greetings to our obtain their usual remittances for Brethren of the German Province, their salaries and for the upkeep of mindful of the fact that hate can the missionary propaganda." not exist between members of the "It is too early to be able to fur- Body of Christ, nor war between nish definite and· accurate informa- members of the Brethren's Church.

tion in regard to the effect of the The President of Synod is requested European War on Moravian Mis- to forward this Resolution to the sions," says Dr. Paul de Schweinitz, 'Deutsche Unitats-Direktion' and of Bethlehem, Pa., "but it may well to the two Provinces in America and be questioned whether any other to the West Indies."

Work of American Societies ditions they were compelled to with- Dr. James L. Barton, Secretary of draw and have returned to America.

the American Board of Commission- Mr. Erickson is in Italy, hoping to ers for Foreign Missions, writes 'as get into Albania and continue the follows of the physical effects of the work laid down by Mr. Kennedy. So war on the missions of the American far as we can learn, the missions in Board: "As soon as England de- the Balkans have not been disturbed clared war the banking systems of the materially. The Bulgarian mission- world seemed to cease action, and aries have been able to secure funds from that day for a longer or shorter necessary for their support.

period in all the mission fields it was "One of the most trying situations practically impossible for the mission- in any of the missions of the Board aries to secure funds from the banks is that represented by the mission in for their own support or for the con- Austria, with headquarters in Prague.

duct of their work. Credits and bills No letters of credit or bills of ex- of exchange on London or on the change that they had were of any United States seemed to have no value, and, so far as we know, up to value. Missionaries in Turkey were the present time no money has pllt into straits from which at the reached them from Boston. A thou- end of September they had not been sand dollars was sent through the wholly relieved. United States Treasury for the sup- "The United States Ambassador at port of the two families in Prague.

Constantinople, Mr. Morgenthau, was, "Upon the outbreak of the war the able to secure from business firms sailings of all missionaries of the several thousand pounds Turkish. American Board to India, Ceylon, which he distributed to various insti- Africa, Turkey and the Balkans were tutions in Turkey, the American cancelled. The situation had so Board treasurer receiving £T.4000. changed by the end of September This money provided immediate re- that plans were completed for the lief. At the present time arrange- sending of missionaries to Africa, ments have been made so that through fndia and Ceylon by way of the business houses funds can be received Atlantic and the Mediterranean. All at Constantinople, but no way of sailings to Turkey have been in- transmitting these funds into the in- definitely postponed, for two reasons terior of Turkey has been discovered -one the uncertainty of what might up to the middle of September. All take place in the Grecian Sea bethe banks in the interior had ceased tween the time of the sailing of mispayments. Some of the missionaries sionaries from our Eastern coast and in the interior have been living on their arrival there, and because of the short rations. situation in Turkey, which made it "Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy remained uncertain as to whether it will be in Albania until it became impossible possible to continue the work in any for them to secure funds, from Con- normal condition this fall. Many stantinople or elsewhere, in exchange English have been sending women for their credits, either for themselves and children out of the country. The or for relief work. Under these con- State Department in Washington ad-

EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON

vises that under present conditions were detained for nearly a month in no more Americans should be sent Egypt, because the steamer was dis- into Turkey. continued in the middle of the voyage and because their express drafts "The work in Turkey has been could not be cashed. much interfered with by the mobiliz- ation which has been general. It Bishop Ferguson, of Liberia, re- was not certain, when the most re- ports that the missionaries were in cent letters were written, whether or great want. Finally arrangements not the schools would be able to open for exchange were made through the at the regular time, but the mission- Anglo-West African Bank. The aries were planning to open them, Standard Oil Company and other even with a greatly reduced teaching large business companies doing busistaff, in order to restore confidence ness in the East have also underin the minds of the people and to taken to cable remittance through hold things steady. It would produce their agents. For this purpose Mr. a spirit of consternation throughout E. Walter Roberts, Assistant Treas- Turkey if for any reason the Ameri- urer of the Protestant Episcopal can schools should fail to open at Board was appointed the representhe regular time. tative for all the boards.

"The new hospital of the American The demoralization of trans-Atlan- Board at Marsovan, Turkey, has tic passenger lines, and more parbeen taken possession of by the mili- ticularly the complete interruption of tary, which is also threatening to take international exchange, has thrown other buildings in Marsovan and upon the Presbyterian Board of Forother cities. Through the efforts of eign Missions in N ew York some of our Ambassador in Constantinople, the most puzzling problems with the authorities have agreed to with- which the secretaries and treasurer draw at an early date from the hos- have ever had to deal. The board pital. received a cable from the council of its missionaries In India saying: "In other countries there has been "Send no drafts. Can not get money little interference with the work, to except at exorbitant rates." The our knowledge. The work of the board's average remittances to India American Board under the German are $50,000 a month, and a high rate flag, in the Caroline Islands, may pass adds a prohibitive percentage. to the British flag. The island of )Jauru has already been taken pos- The desperate situation pertains to session of, and possibly the Marshall the West African field. All the ::-slands. That need not make any African stations, save one, are in difference with the work of the mis- German colonial territory, and they sion." have been dealt with ordinarily through a Berlin house correspond- The Domestic and Foreign Mis- ing with a German bank in Buea, sionary Society of the Protestant the capital of Kamerun. It is im- Episcopal Church reports that all new possible now to buy exchange on missionaries have now, after some Berlin, and it is probable that the delay, gone forward as usual. Two colonial bank would not cash the exmissionaries on the way to China

change at any rate, whether on Berlin was at times deafening. But we or any other European center. In never dreamed that the horror of the this condition great anxiety exists for reality of war would add terror to the African missionaries, lest they these maneuvers in our lifetime.

be reduced to privation through in- "The children were enjoying to the ability of the board to transmit them full the sea and mountains and the any funds whatever. companionship of other children after The receipts of the board have their winter alone on the compound.

thus far shown no diminution, under Then in a single night the whole depression due to war, and it is pro- aspect of life was changed. Germans foundly hoped that the sacrifice and in Tsing-tau were naturally excited enthusiasm of the supporters through- and the whole city was in commotion.

out the Church will prevent any loss Provisions were to be had only under of income. Government supervision, and prices The Presbyterian Board is watch- were advanced 50 per cent. The ing with keen attention every de- poor Chinese fled by the hundreds velopment and is prepared to meet from Tsing-tau, walking d~ys to any complication. A list has been reach interior villages at a safe sent to the State Department at distance."

Vashington, giving the names and Many new and furloughed mis..

addresses of its missionaries in sionaries were preparing to sail Africa, China, Jndia, Japan, Persia, during the late summer and early and Syria. Since China has become autumn, but all sailings from New involved careful information has been York VUl England or the Con- furnished to the Department con- tinent, were canceled, and sail- cerning the missionaries and prop- ings from the Pacific Coast were erty interests of the Board in Tsing- carried out only by steamers under tau. American registry. Members of the Mrs. Charles K. Roys, of the Pres- Indian missions, and who are needed byterian Mission in Shantung writes on the field, were permitted to sail for under date of August 21st: "Ve India 'via the Pacific, no women or have heard the wildest rumors of children to accompany them. Young Russia's advance upon the port she men under appointment to Inelia are has long coveted, of Japan's ap- permitted to go only in special cases.

proach, and of Germany's intention From the United 'Presbvterian to blow up the place rather than let Board comes the report: – Tsing-tau fall into the hands of the "Egypt is theoretically a part of enemy. Our little papier machC sum- the Turkish Empire and pays to mer cottage is located within a few Turkey an annual tribute of some hundred' yards of the German military $3,500,000. Yet the more vital factor practise ground, and for years past in her international relationships is we have heard and seen the man- the great British occupation. When euvers of German troops. Ten-inch the war broke out Egypt's neutrality guns sent their missiles whizzing was immediately and independently through the air over our heads; the declared. Great Britain's interest i;l shrapnel and gattling-gun practise the Suez Canal, as a necessary high-

EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON

way to India, is perhaps our greatest sionaries by the way of Lisbon. guaranty that British authority will Travel has not been seriously interpreserve order in the N ile Valley. rupted to our fields in China, Japan As goes Egypt, so goes the Sudan." and Korea, nor has our mission w9rk been interfered with except an occa- A letter from Egypt says: "It is sional delay in travel." said that there are 40,000 Indian regulars in camp at Alexandria, on From the Executive Committee of the Canal and at Abbasia. Noone Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian seems to apprehend the slightest Church in the United States (South) danger. As to an uprising, we do Dr. S. H. Chester, the secretary, not consider that there is as much sends this word: "I am thankful to danger to-day as there was at almost say that in actual receipts to date any time during the regime of Sir the European war has not begun to Elden Gorst. It is said that most tell on our finances; we even show Moslems are wishing the Germans a slight gain for the month of Septo win, but I take it that it is only tember over the corresponding month the unthinking ones, and the am- last year, and for the fiscal year our bitious characters that have been all receipts to date are still a few thoualong 'Nationalists' and hating the sand dollars in advance of those of English, because they want to rule last year. As a good deal of our (or ruin) the country themselves. missionary income is received from those living in the cotton section we "So far there is no reason to be can scarcely hope that we will not alarmed for the personal safety of suffer seriously later on from the inany of us. There does not seem to ability of the people in that section to be the slightest intimation of any command the means for making their native uprising. In fact, almost usual contributions; and that is the everything seems to point the other reason why we deem it necessary to way. The Egyptians generally seem exercise great caution and conservamore loyal to Great Britain now tism in sending out reinforcements, than ever before, for which we are and to husband our present resources all very thankful." in every possible way.

The Board of Missions of the "Ve have received no word from any of our missions indicating that Methodist Episcopal Church (South) their work has been in any way reports through the Secretary, Dr. hindered as yet as the result of the W. W. Pinson: war. As a cautionary measure we have cancelled the sailings of all new "The European war has had no missionaries to our Eastern fields and disturbing effects in the field occupied are retaining furloughed missionaries by our church, except those incident from those fields at home except in to banking transactions and the trans- a few cases." fer of funds. It was for some time difficult if not impossible to get either Rev. George Drach, Secretary of funds or supplies to our missionaries the Board of Foreign Missions of the in the Belgian Kongo, but by an ar- General Council of the Evangelical rangement with the Department of Lutheran Church in North America, State the difficulty was removed and we are now able to reach our mis-

reports: "The war in Europe has began. Two or three of our missiondelayed the sending out of our mis- aries have been delayed in sailing but sionaries to India over a month, but the way seems to be open now. We we now have completed arrangements have had no trouble in the matter of for their passage in November. We reaching our missionaries and sending have been able to send funds to our them their usual remittances." missions in India and Japan, but at a high rate of exchange. Weare ad- "We have not experienced any vlsmg economy, especially in the ill-effects of the war on our misdirection of building operations, not sions," writes Dr. Canon S. Gould, of only because we can not feel sure that the Church of England in Canada. our income will allow the normal ex- "Our receipts to-date are somewhat pansion of the work which would in advance of those of last year. otherwise be provided for, but also Beyond the withholding of reinforcebecause calls have reached us from ments for the present and instruc- German societies and mISSIOns of tions to our field authorities that German societies, asking for aid and they should exercise every economy relief, inasmuch as the German so- in administration, I do not anticipate cieties find it impossible to send funds that our board of management will or communications to their missions feel called upon to take any definite in British colonies, especiaIly India. action. We wish to be able to some extent to grant the aid requested. Weare "It is stiIl too early to know the about to issue a special appeal to all uitimate effects of the European war Lutheran churches in America for upon our missionary wmk," writes Dr. offerings to relieve the need of Ger- F. P. Haggard, of the American Bapman Lutheran missions in India and tist Foreign Missionary Society; "but elsewhere." I may note the following: (I) While there are many Baptists in the coun- Dr. L. B. vVolf, Secretary and tries of Europe we are related directly Treasurer of the Board of Foreign or indirectly only to those in France. Missions of the General Synod of the GerlIltlcmy, Sweden, Spain, Russia. Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Finland, Denmark and Norway, and United States of America writes: we contribute to the work in these "We contemplate sending out a party lands smaII sums, as compared with of seven missionaries, leaving New that appropriated to missions in non- York on October 2Ist, among whom Christian countries. It seems almost is my daughter, who goes out to take needless to add that Baptist work in up work as a medical missionary in the countries at war is absolutely deour hospital in South India. moralized. The churches are dis- organized, since the laymen and many "The war in Europe has affected of the pastors are at the front. Thus our work to some extent," says Dr. far we have no information of prop- A. McLean, of the Foreign Christian erty destroyed. Missionary Society. "A number of churches and individuals find it more "(2) The sending of new missiondifficult to contribute to the treasury aries has not yet been affected to any of the society than before the war degree. Our missionary parties are sailing without difficulty both east-

EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON

bound and westbound, and some of the must face the necessity for reliefmissionaries who sailed during the measures for the distrest represenearly part of the war have already tatives of the church in those lands. arrived at their destinations. The situation in Italy is only a little less serious than in the zone of hos-. " (3 ) We have not found any diffi- tilities. culty in the transmission of funds greater than that experienced by all In Africa the missionaries have commercial houses. The Standard Oil suffered great financial distress, par- Company has agreed to transmit the ticularly in North Africa, where the funds of missionary societies which stations in the French territories of find themselves unable to make the Algeria and Tunis found themselves usual arrangements. suddenly cut off from financial sup- port. It was with grea't difficulty that "(4) It is still too early to forecast the Board was able to transfer funds the effect of the war upon missionary to meet the situation. From the contributions at the home base. Our Belgian Kongo, and in Angola, Rhosituation at present may be described desia, and Portuguese East Africa as normal, being almost identical with come reports of disturbances of all that of a year ago." normal relations, and disquiet con- cerning ,the future. Liberia, tho out- The American Friends have mis- side the zone of actual danger, has sions in China, India, Africa and else- been hit as hard financially. where. Secretary Charles E. Tebbets reports that: "lVord has just Dr. George Heber Jones writes come from their missionaries in Brit- that the Board has, so far, been ish East A frica that they are under able to meet the new situations martial law, and that the government created. Bishop John L. Nuelsen, in is providing a place of refuge in case charge of the work in Europe. has of a native uprising. The natives are remained there toc'are for the varied much excited, but so far have shown interests of the church. The Re'. no hostilities to the missionaries." Ernest >V. Bysshe, superintendent of the mission in France, who had just The Methodist Board of Foreign come to America on furlough, re- Missions is responsible for a widely turned immediately, and is now extended work in the countries of studying the situation in Paris. The Europe now at war and in their colo- Rev. George A. Simons placed at the nial possessions. On the continent service of the Russian Government of Europe congregations are dis- the newly purchased Methodist proppersed, families broken up, churches erty in Petrograd, and it is now being vacated, schools empty, factories idle, used as a hospital for wounded solmarket-places deserted, and every- diers. The great Methodist hoswhere there is disquietude and dread. pitals of the Bethenian Verein, in Ministers and laymen have been Hamburg, Berlin, and Frankfort, called to bear arms in Germany, have done large service in caring for France, Russia, and Austria. The the German wounded; while two hunparalysis of industry renders it prac- dred nurses of the Nursing Sistertically impossible for the congrega- hood of the German Methodist tions to meet their obligations to their pastors, and the Methodist Board

Church are reported as having en- Christian peoples been so ready to tered the service of the government receive the Gospel. A transformafor hospital work. tion of startling magnitude is taking place. God is summoning His A Message to the Churches Church to mold the character of the coming life. It is unthinkable The Committee of Reference and that the Church should fail to reo Counsel, representing the Foreign spond. Missionary Societies of North America, has sent out a letter to the "While we do not underestimate churches which emphasizes especially the embarrassment which some busithe danger that whole nations will ness men are experiencing, there is misinterpret Christianity, and Im- no reason to anticipate that the agine that it IS represented by ability of the American people to armies and navies rather than by maintain their missionary work has peace and good-will. been or is likely to be seriously im- paired. Many of the missionary so- The Day of Prayer, appointed by cieties had their birth during a period President Wilson, was emphasized as of war. Several of the largest Britwas the request that Americans ob- ish societies were founded in the serve strict neutrality. "The churches period of the French Revolution amI should make clear the distinction the Napoleonic wars. The Baptist between the teachings of Christ and Missionary Society of Great Britain some of the characteristics of so- made some of its most notable adcalled modern civilization. A more vances during the Crimean and Boer persistent effort should be put forth wars. Some of the strongest soto make the spirit of Jesus leaven cieties in America were formed ill national as well as individual rela- war times. The foreign missionary tionships. Vital Christianity has not work of at least one of the churches failed, but men have failed to exem- in our Southern States was started plify it. in the darkest days of the American Civil War; and while the contribu- "FJmphasis should be laid upon tions to the northern mIsSIonary so- cieties feB off during the first years th.e .necessity of maintain ina.., the of the struggle, they regained their former standard before the war mIssIonary work of the churches at closed, and in some cases exceeded their full strength. Thousands of it. Without question, American American missionaries are in lands Christians of to-day can equal the which are directly or indirectlv devotion and self-sacrifice of Chris- tians of former days. No concession governed by the warring nation~. should be m~de to a spirit of retreat, but the Church should be confidently There is danger that absorption in expected to address itself with new questions developed by the war will vigor to the supreme necessities of lead to forgetfulness of the great the hour." work which the churches have been conducting. That work has been built up through a long series of years. Schools and hospitals on the foreign field can no more be closed at such a time than similar institutions at home. Never have non- ~~ DEPADTMENT J ~~./ ' " ' OF …………….. /~ BEST METHODS CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, N. Y.

BEST METHODS FROM SUMMER CONFERENCES ~s…tAJIl~1 EPORTS from all the of such "best ideas of the best leaders" conferences and summer as could be brought together in tan- schools of missions tell gible shape to constitute an Efficiency of large attendance and Exhibit. The word efficiency may be a inspiring sessions. At bit overworked nowadays, but the each of these gatherings eagerness to attain the quality and practise of efficiency that animates so there is a constant interchange of large a number of even the humblest methods, and the eagerness with which workers, is one of the most encouraging delegates jot down in their ever-present signs of the times. At this' exhibit, notebooks new plans that might prove foreign costumes, curios, flags and all helpful in their home churches is one purely decorative features were ruled of the most encouraging features. The out, and only such things were displayed desire for better preparation for ser- as might easily be reproduced at home. vice is everywhere manifest. Don't Waste Time Hunting! "This is my first experience at a summer conference and I have found FILE YOUR LEAFLETS it delightful," said Mrs. H. G. Clark, missionary of the American Board to This sign greeted the visitor from a Japan, at a farewell service held by table on which were ordinary letter-file little group on the mountainside the boxes with gummed labels on the back last Sunday afternoon at Silver Bay. duly inscribed to show the range of "The thing that has imprest me most is contents. These had been adapted to that everybody here seems to be get- the filing of missionary leaflets, items ting to give." or pictures cut from periodicals. The special adaptation consisted of replacing The Best Methods editor brought the letters of the alphabet, which usually home a notebook full of helpful things designate the sheets which separate the from Silver Bay, and through the kind- box into various compartments', by writness of several delegates to Northfield ten slips bearing the names of missionshe has secured some of the best ary countries or subjects; e.g., A was methods outlined there. A few of these replaced by Africa; B by American are given here. Others will appear Indians; and so forth. from time to time during the coming year. This filing device and other things seen at the exhibit, like the wafer AN EFFICIENCY EXHIBIT butter-plates which grocers and house- wives find indispensable, but which only BY MISS EDITH THOMSON, RIDGEWOOD, one man was clever enough to patent NEW JERSEY and put on the market, seem so simple One feature of this year's Summer School for Women's Foreign Missionary Societies at Northfield was a collection as to hardly be worthy of such a place. notice. These stamping outfits are more Yet, as a rule, a classification of expensive at the start than pasted material on hand, or a filing system, is letters, but lettering done with them one of the last things adopted by leaders eliminates the danger of cracking or and makers of programs. Nothing tearing if the charts are to be packed saves more wear on the temper or and used many times. If purchased by brings more comfort and assurance than some society in the church, this miniaknowing where to put one's hand on ture "printing outfit" will prove a cona thing when it is wanted. Junior tinual source of helpfulness in new and leaders, especially, who save printed varied ways. pictures, maps, etc., will find such boxes, or (if more easily obtained) a set of Many of the designs on the cloth large manila envelopes, of great ser- charts were done in colored crayons, vIce. and the exhibitors gladly gave away the secret of their "no smutting" process. CHARTS and POSTERS have come to These colored crayons are much easier be almost necessary adjuncts of success- to handle than paint; but, as every body' ful missionary meetings, yet many per- knows, the slightest rubbing of a craysons hesitate to undertake them lest it oned surface causes blur. This IS require excessive labor, .artistic talent, wholly remedied if, when the picture is or both. This need not be the case. finished, the chart is laid face down Some of the most effective posters at and prest quickly with a moderately this exhibit relied for their art work on hot iron till the color comes through pictures that had been cut out and on the wrong side. This effectually pasted on cardboard or heavy paper. "fixes" the picture. But let the presser Some of the lettering was merely done take the precaution to cover the board with heavy pencil marks, the whole en- with paper or cloth of no value. Othertailing no expense and little effort. For wise she will find a duplicate of her the simplest charts, manila paper, cray- design where it is unwelcome! ons, ink, and a small paint brush constitute all the outfit necessary.* Another feature of the exhibit was the Missionary Tea Table with its The cloth charts at Northfield showed numerous small novelties and oddities considerable variety of lettering. Oll made to add attractiveness or the elemany of them, gummed and pasted ment of surprize to such items on the letters cut from patterns of letter-forms program as current events or the anoffered for sale by some of the swers to sets of questions. Among the Women's Boards, had been used, and it things on this table were pasteboard was suggested that children in bands or crackers (made to look real by rows shut-ins in the Home Department might of pin-pricks), with items pasted on prepare such letters in quantity to be the back; a dish of tempting paper ready when needed. On others, rubber- salad with slips bearing printed bits of stamp letters had been used (not information fastened to the leaves and stencils, which entail more labor). the mock slices of egg; and paper fire- These applied with the help of ruler crackers with items inside to be pulled and ink-pad form a simple mode of out by the string projecting in imitalettering ready for use at a moment's tion of a fuse.

4 "Miss Edith Thomson, the 'chart-maker: had The amusing or interesting invitation a bewildering display of charts at Northfield that cards shown had nearly all been actually were the desp,air of the audience," SrlYS one of the in use, and were loaned for the occadelegates. • How could any ordinary hand pro· sion. It was evident that some societies duce such extraordinary charts?" Yet many an had found blue-printing a satisfactory "ordinary hand" has done it, and many more can do it by fonowin …. NIiss Thomson's directions as herer given.-B. M. B.

OF BEST METHODS

way to reproduce a large number of Methods for children filled consider- invitations or announcements when it able space. It was interesting to see was desired to embellish them with how little villages'-African, Burmese, some artistic design. and Japanese-could be built up in fashion suggestive enough to children's A map traced from an atlas on thin eyes, out of pasteboard and colored cloth and stretched over flat, corrugated paper, ten-cent-store dolls and other inboard was dotted with tiny flags bear- expensive accessories. A suggestion for ing the names of great missionaries. hand:work to be done by children at This was pronounced "the best thing their meetings was found in the pretty here" by an enthusiastic Sunday-school Christmas ornaments-horns, stars, teacher who had lately been teaching crosses, flowers, gay Santas, and angels the graded lessons on missionary heroes, -to be used on the Christmas trees at and felt the need of such a device. the mission stations. These were cut from colored mounting-board, red pre- Even an idol shrine, the exhibit dominating, and in many cases decorproved, is capable of home manufacture. ated in gilt. In the dramatic scenes now so popular, an idol is often wanted but hard to Even the very little ones sent in get. A very good substitute can be their contribution-just simple textdevised by making a charcoal copy of cards, white squares brightened with a picture of some idol on a sheet of colored borders of kindergarten sewing, stiff cardboard, and bending the card- the center left blank for the missionary board in a backward curve at the base to write in some text of Scripture. to enable the figure to stand upright. Yet who knows but that such missives The Buddha, 28 inches high, shown in as these, made possible by little children the exhibit, was made in this fashion. a:ld bearing the Good News into re- It was enshrined. in a background of mote, unlikely corners, may not prove dark drapery and had incense sticks in the end to have been the most effec· and candles before it, together with tive method among them all? sticks topped with long streamers of colored paper, cut in fantastic shapes, CHARTS AND POSTERS AT like the paper prayers seen in Eastern NORTHFIEW temples. From a distance and in a somewhat dim light, it had almost the The importance of charts and posters effect of a large alabaster image. -things that appeal to the eye-was continually emphasized at Northfield. Samples of hand-work from the "We often hear of things going in one Woman's Board of the Reformed ear and out the other," said a delegate Church formed a notable exhibit in at one of the meetings, "but who ever themselves. There were bandages, work- heard of things going in one eye and bagS' (filled and unfilled), tiny dolls for out the other?" Another told the story Christmas trees in India, and garments of a small boy who, after seeing a chart for babies and adults cut from patterns which depicted the number of Chrisfurnished the Board by missionaries 0n tians and heathen in the world by means the field. Such things are especially of black and white circles, prayed: welcome for hospital and rescue work, "Dear Jesus, help me to be a man; and but the peculiar value of all such work when I become a man to make the black lies in the fact that many women in circle smaller and the white circle the home churches who can not give bigger." largely in money, are thus enabled to offer such gifts as they have-their time Perhaps the most striking of all the and the Jabor of their hands. many charts displayed was a drawing in black and white entitled, "In The

Grasp of Heathenism."* (See page 854.) Another striking chart was "The Some important truths were taught Hand that Rocks the Cradle Rules the World." Two hemispheres were picby means of statistical charts. Two of tured with a hand above each. Over these were as follows: the United States and Canada in the Western Hemisphere was a Christian Japan Leads the Orient mother's hand, shedding a beautiful But Whither? golden radiance; over the non-Chris- tian parts of the Eastern Hemisphere. 8,000 Students in Tokio University a heathen mother's hand cast a blac;{ 6,000 Agnostic shadow. In the sunshine were the 1,500 Atheistic words, "Rise, shine, for thy Light ;s 440 Uncertain come"; in the shadow, "To turn them 60 Christian from darkness to light."

A Comparison A very attractive poster, "l'HE MIS- In the United States SION KINDERGARTEN," designed by Miss 19,636,348 Children in School Thomson, would be equally effective for a Primary Department or for a class In India studying chapter IV. of "The Child in 12,281,000 Married Children the Midst." With the aid of pictures 481,000 Widowed Children between clipped from missionary magazines, and with gummed or Tubber-stamp letters, 5 and 15 it could be reproduced by almost any one. It was as follows: * Outlines of this chart and another called HBurdened Girlhood," drawn in pencil on cloth one yard square, can be supplied for 50 cents each by Miss B. F. Bennett, 106 Highwood Avenue Ridgewood, N. J. Anyone can follow the poocil lines with heavy marking crayon, or fill in color and letter them.

Picture of Kiltdergartm 1. This is the Mission Kindergarten.

I rJ,Chi:Jld~ -. 2. This is the child that went to the Mission Kill- I~ der.garten.

3. This is the mother won by the child That went to the Mission Kindergarten.

RFamily 4. This is the family hostile no more; Because of the mother won by the child That went to the Mission Kindergarten.

5. This is the street with neighbors galore, Street Who watched the family hostile no more, Because of the mother won by the child That went to the Mission Kindergarten.

Chapel 6. This is the chapel where gathers a throng Of people who listen to sermon and song, And come from the street of the neighbors galore, Who watched the family hostile no more, Because of the mother won by the child That went to the Mission Kindergarten.

AND LI FE DARKNf:65 ANt> DcA-1fti'

·SUFFER iHE LlTTt..E CH{LcDQeN ' . ,.'".r TO COME UNTO ME. AND FOQBiD THEM NOr" ~ "

LOVE CHRISTIAN HOME.5 PUBLIC SCHOOLS SUNDAY .5CHOOLS CHILD LlTERATUQE. PLAY GROUNDS . MOTHERS' CONGRE.55 CHILD LABOR LAW5 CHILD WELFARE -STUDY ADAPTED FROM A CHART DRAWN BY MISS THOMSON AND MISS BENNETT ADAPTED FROM A CHART DRAWN BY MISS THOMSON AND MISS BENNETT CHARTS USED TO ILLUSTRATE "THE CHILD IN THE MIDST" A Ctll LD SAVED IS A SOUL SA VE V PLUS A L,FE"

Preachers A CHART TO ILLUSTRATE "THE CHILD IN THE MIDST" Drawn by MiliS Thomson aoo Miss Bennett

OF BEST

"It wilJ be more interesting," says 2. The last scene 111 the Children's Miss Thomson, "If this chart can be Pageant given out of doors one afterput on a roller or be folded, so that noon was Mrs. Peabody's "Magic one picture can be shown after the Christmas Tree," dramatized. A large other in order-beginning with No. I." evergreen was decorated with colored balls, tinsel, and other ornaments, and THE MAGIC CHRISTMAS TREE placed in the center of the green Tho the Northfield Summer School "stage." Crowds of American children was held in July, "The Magic Christ- came running to it and danced around mas Tree" played an important part it in great glee. Then angels came alonJ three different lines as follows: and directed their attention to groups I. The welcome announcement was of heathen children scattered all around made that Mrs. Peabody's exC[uisite the grounds. The American children fable, "The Magic Christmas Tree," stopt their merry-making and after which appeared on the back cover of THE CHRISTMAS TREE PAGEANT AT NORTHFIELD E'veryland a few years ago, had been debating for a while, ran out to get reprinted in red and green and gold them. "There was real thrill in this in the form of a beauti ful Christmas last scene, when the privileged Amerifolder and could be had from any of can children ran out to bring back by the Women's Boards at ten cents a the hand each little pagan child to share copy, Missionary workers were urged in the glad festival of the Christ Child." to make large use of it as a Christmas greeting to their friends , and some one Here is something that could be suggested that the different delegates effectively used for the Christmas exerendeavor to have it on sale in the Ten cises of the Sunday-schooL The entire text of the Pageant is to be reprinted, Cent Stores in their own home towns.* but it will probably not be available for Christmas this year. But with a • Wholesale prices may be obtained by address· copy of Mrs, Peabody's… Christmas ing }.fiss M. H. Leavis, agent of the United Committeo on the Study of Foreign Missions, West Medford, Mass,

folder, anyone could work up the scene. has not been found by some wideawake 3. A Christmas chart designed by missionary worker.

Miss M. H. Leavis of West Medford, "At what hour should the meetings Mass., for use in her Sunday-school, be held ?" asked a delegate at the was also called by many delegates, "The Methods Hour one day at Northfield. Magic Christmas Tree." The idea was suggested by a story, and its purpose "In the evening," came the prompt waS' to show the comparative number response, "so we can have the young of children in the different missionary women who are engaged through the countries and the selfishness of the little day." Americans who do not share their Christmas trees with others. It con- "Very good," said another delegate; sisted of a large picture of a Christ- "but how about the mothers who can mas tree surrounded by Christmas seals not come out in the evening?" (the Santa Claus variety in common use), on the basis of one for every At the Silver Bay Conference of the 7,000,000 people. Siam had one; the Missionary Education Movement, which Philippines I; Korea 2; Japan 8; China was in session at the same time, Miss 60; India 46; Africa 18; Turkey 8; Louise Southwick of New York City Eastern Islands 5; total 149, represent·· told of a plan that offers a possible ir:.g more than 250,000,000 children. To solution of this problem. This was the this were added I3 seals and a tiny formation in the Church of the Inter- American flag for the American chil- cession (one of the Trinity Chapels dren. with a membership of about 3,000), of an evening session for business women Accompanying the chart waS' a dia- and others who can not attend meetings log made up from the story that had in the day time. suggested the whole, the parts of which were taken (in her own Sunday-school) The idea came to Miss Southwick by Miss Leavis and a small boy. As one day when a young woman, a teachthe dialog progressed, the seals for er, who was urged :to attend the each country, previously pasted to pieces meetings of the Woman's Auxiliary said of paper, were pinned to the chart. At that "if she came she would have to the close Mrs. Peabody's "Magic Christ- be terribly late, and perhaps could not mas Tree" was read as a fitting climax. make it at all." Wisely reasoning that if there was one who could not come This would make a fine number on there were probably others, Miss South· the Christmas program in the Sunday- wick went to the rector, the Rev. Milo school. The dialog is not in print, H. Gates, D.D., and unfolded to him but typewritten copies may be ordered her plan of an evening missionary meetfrom Miss Leavis at five cents each. ing for business women. He not only The chart can easily be made. gave his approval but took the trouble to make out a list of some thirty wOlpen EVENING MEETINGS FOR BUSINESS who would be eligible for an under- WOMEN taking, and sent a letter to each of them saying that such an organization With nearly a thousand women pres- was about to be formed, and giving ent at Northfield it seemed impossible it his hearty endorsement. When these always to agree as to the best methods, letters had been sent out to pave the especially as conditions in the home way, Miss Southwick followed them churches differ so widely. Yet there up with personal calls. About the are few problems for which a solution middle of January, I913, a meeting was called and the president of the Diocesan Society was invited to explain the work

OF BEST METHODS

of a Woman',s Auxiliary. All who were by the Domestic and Foreign Mission- willing to join, or who wished to have ary Society of the Protestant Episcopal notices of the meetings sent to them Church. The second is an executive were asked to place their names and session to which aU the officers must addresses on a paper that was passed go and to which the members are more around; officers were elected with Miss than welcome. All business is trans- Southwick as president; and a program acted at this meeting with the excepof work was mapped out. tion of an occasional vote on some important question. The third meeting From the beginning the Evening is devoted to social service and city Branch has prospered greatly. There mission work. were eighteen charter-members, but now the membership has grown to thirty-two, All funds collected by the Branch are As the members are exceptionally busy sent through authorized channels to women, the requirements for member- places where the members can not go ship are very slight, One college themselves. To supplement this, an woman, the principal of a private school effort is made at each social service on Riverside Drive, when asked to join, meeting to s'ecure volunteers to take up inquired "how little she could do ami some special form of city mission work. yet belong." When told that the one Thus at one meeting one of the memobligation was to pay her dues, she gave bers decided to join the "Big Sisters," her name at once. volunteering to act the part of a sister to some girl who had gone astray. In The Branch is affiliated with the this way she formed a link between the afternoon Auxiliary, and one feature society and this kind of Christian work. of the monthly program of each is a At another meeting a music teacher report of what has been done in the who is a member of the Evening other. During Lent the Evening Branch offered to play during the entire Branch sews in conjunction with the year for a settlement house connected Auxiliary. The ideal now is to form with the New York City Mission. a similar branch for men, the two tll unite for special programs. A MISSIONARY RELAY RACE At first but one meeting was helrl At Silver Bay the Misses Martha and each month, but during the past yeal Hilda Pratt, indefatigable workers in the number has been increased to three. the First Baptist Church, Bennington, At the first of these, the program is Vermont, told of an unusually succes~- along the line of the work undertaken THE· KING'S·BU5INESS· DEQUIOrs·tIASTE ENTIRE. 0 S[~W~([ FAITHFUL FCINOOTQNEESLIEGLCNIQCGAl:EHTNOETDME INTEQCE5S0QY ENTHUSIASTIC NATIVE CONCERTED YOUR REASONABLE ADAPTED FROM A CHART EXHIBITED AT NORTHFIELD

ful reading contest held in their Sun- shelf, red for the girls', these being the day-school last spring. They called it colors of the books. a "Reading Relay Race," and it was one feature of a Judson Jubilee Campaign The contest lasted six weeks. At the carried out by the Sunday-school and close it was found that the 'girls had Women's Missionary Society of the won, the score standing, boys 58, girls church. 98, total 156-a remarkable record for a school that has only about 300 mem- In this novel race the boys were bers. pitted against the girls, and it was agreed that at the close the losers Schools of other denominations may should entertain the winners. The books wish to use other books, but these two chosen were "Ann of Ava," by Ethel have the advantage of being quickly Daniels Hubbard, for the girls, and read, and of being exceedingly interest- ing. Tho the J udsons were Baptists "Judson the Pioneer," by J. Mervin they belong to all, and everyone should be familiar with the thrilling story of Hull, for the boys. Six copies of each their life and work. were purchased and a large chart representing two shelves of books, the upper SPLITTING UP THE TEXT-BOOK for the boys, the lower for the girls, The woman's text-book for this year, was hung before the school. "The Child in the Midst," makes a strong appeal to mothers and strenuous Reading Relay Race efforts are to be made to induce as Boys' Shelf many as possible to read or study it. At one of her conferences on Methods II III III II ffill for Junior Workers conducted each day at Northfield, Miss Nellie Prescott sug- Girls' Shelf gested a good plan for getting the book into the hands of women who can II I I I ! not be induced to join a reading circle 111111 – or a study class, and who claim they I have not even time to read the text- book. This is to buy a paper copy of As soon as a book was completed it it, separate it into individual chapters, was passed on to another reader as provide attractive covers tied on each quickly as' possible without waiting for chapter with ribbon, and paste a slip Sunday to come, so that it frequently of paper on the back with this request: happened that one copy of a book was "When you have read this, put your read two and (in a few cases) three initials and the date opposite your name times in one week. Each Sunday one and pass it on to the next one on the space for each book read during the list." week was filled in on the chart with Sent out by the Home Department colored crayons-green for the boys' or a special committee, many women can be induced in this way to read a single chapter if not the whole book.

The privilege of prayer is one of my most cherished possessions, because faith and experience alike convince me that God sees and answers, and His answers I never venture to criticize. It is only my part to ask. It is entirely His to give or withhold, as He knows is best. I f it were otherwise, I would not dare to pray at all. When I can neither see, nor hear, nor speak, stilI I can pray so that God call hear. When I finally pass through the valley of the shadow of death, I expect to pass through it in conversation with Him.-Dr. W. T. Grenfell,

WODLD-WiDE

MISSIONADY NEWS LATIN AMERICA Romero. The children receive gratui- tously instruction, books, school sup- Slavery in Yucatan plies, needed clothing, shoes, medical A WRITER in the Christian Herald, who has lived fifteen years' in attendance and medicines, and many Yucatan, suggests that the conditions families of children receive food, peamong the Indians there might be ended if the United States Congress were to cuniary and other help, They are inprohibit the importation of the products of slave labor. He says that the native structed in trades and professions as Maya is the meekest and gentlest of all Mexican Indians; he is also held in well as in common school branches. The more cruel and hopeless bondage than the others. There are in the State of Bible is read daily without comment Yucatan some 150,000 Maya slaves, owned by about two hundred masters, and prayer is offered. Once a week who cultivate the sisal hemp, a product chiefly imported into this country. They the New .Testament is read with comgrow up under the baneful influence of lash, rum and a most un-Christian priest. ments. This has caused the opposition Under this triple system the Maya is fast going to an early grave, and some by .the Roman Catholic priests. About of them seek peace in self-inflicted death. As the Maya slave is disappear- 1,000 of the children are also enrolled ing fast, the planters import human cattle from other parts of the Mexican in Protestant Sunday-schools. republic. Twelve years ago, more than 12,000 Yaquis were shipped to Yucatan During thirteen years the schools and sold as slaves. To-day but a few hundred are alive, and these are as have enrolled 47,000 children, many of hopeless as the native Maya. whom have found employment secured The Philanthropic Schools of Palermo for them by the school workers. THESE schools were founded by Mr. 'Wm. C. Morris about fourteen No. of children who have received years ago. They were started for the clothing and shoes, which are poor children of the streets and have distributed twice a year …… 50,000 grown until they care for about 6,000 pupils a year. The cost is from $r20,- No. who have received medical 000 to $130,000 annually, and for a long attendance ……………….. 16,870 time this was raised by Mr. Morris personally. The Argentine Government No. of medical prescriptions filled 18,300 Poor children helped during their has voted a subsidy of $500 a month, convalescence …… ,………. 7,900 in spite of the opposition of Bishop Children for whom work has been obtained ……….. , ……. ,.. 2,500 Parents and relatives of the chil- dren for whom work has been obtained …………… , … ,.. 1,200 Abandoned children or small de- linquents detained by the police and for whom help has been given in the way of clothing and shoes during their deten- tion ………………. '…… 410 Prisoners helped during their de- tention and after being put at liberty …….. '…………… 140 Children who have received gra- tuitously everything necessary for their education ………… 4,200 Mr. Morris went out to Argentine as a Methodist missionary and after- ward joined the Anglican Church. He has uns-elfishly devoted all his energies to this work.

A Bolivian Inscription ippines. Two hundred and forty-six THERE is a strange inscription to be delegates registered, an increase of 132 read on the Bolivian grave of the over the previous year. These delegates pioneer missionary, Robert Lodge. T.aken represented sixteen different denomina- to a Roman Catholic hospital in Le Paz tions and were drawn from a wide on becoming seriously ill, he was con- area, covering sixteen States, Japan stantly approached by priests of that and the Philippine Islands.

faith, and was more and more urgently exhorted, as he grew weaker, to save his Home Mission Sunday-Schools A soul by entering the Church. When it NUMBER of summer schoob for the study of Home Missions were was seen that he must soon die, a group gathered in his room. Nuns in one COI'- conducted this year at various centers.

ner were praying to an image of the One of the best was the N'orthfield Con- Virgin; the Jesuit priest at the foot of ference, held in July. It was unusually the bed exhorted him; his coJIeague, Dr. ~mccessful, both in point of numbers an(t Jarrett, stood by awaiting the end. After in the interest and devotion manifested a long silence, during which his breath- "In Red Man's Land," the study book ing became slower and weaker, he sud- for the year, was taught by Miss Wood- denly sat up, and, looking straight at the berry, and the beautiful colored slides priest, made the final affirmation which and moving pictures of Indian lif~ now is written over this heretic's grave: shown by Dr. Dixon, of the Rodman "The blood of Jesus Christ cleanses us ¥anamaker expedition. Rev. Frank from all sin."-J. L. Jarrett, Colombia. Higgins presented his work among the.

NORTH AMERICA lumbermen, and addresses were given on the Italians and "The Loyal MOUll- ALaymen's Missionary Conference taineers." T the fourth summer conference of the Laymen's Missionary Movement. Evangelism by the Seaside held at Lake Geneva, Wisconsin (July OVER 200,000 people attended 29 to September 2), J. Campbell White the very successful meetings this reported that since the inception of the summer at Brighton Beach, N. Y., ill movement six years ago, the contribu- the open-air Gospel work conducted by tions of the churches to the missionary Mr. W. E. Stephens and his associates.

enterprise have more than doubled. Meetings were held on Saturdays and Still better things are expected, since Sundays from 5 to 7 p. M. Last year the men of to-day are better equipped I33.450 persons were reached.

to promote a program of more efficient The highest number of attendance missionary instruction in their churches. in anyone day was 16,625~n August The study groups at the "Lake Geneva 3ISt. These services consisted of sing- Conference discust immigration, the ing, Scripture reading and short Gos- New Home Missions, the Church of the pel talks directed to the passing throng.

Open Country, Mexico and the Call of The object was to reach the 110n- the World, and daily denominational churchgoers, and the conversions' re- meetings were followed by round table ported this year exceed last year's, amI conferences of all the groups meeting the influence of these meetings has ex- together to compare notes and discuss tended all over Brooklyn and to dis· methods. tant parts.

Vesper services were held .on t1~e Jake Occasionally a gospel bell-ringer front, addrest by missionary workers and a cornetist assisted, but the music from Japan, India, Africa and thel'hil- for the most part was simple Gospel

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singing by a large chorus on the plat- Baltimore, and it is thought by mem- form, led by soloists. bers of the Washington colony that those in authority will heed their re- The work was supported by the free- quest and grant the requisite funds. will offerings of Christians. "How to reach the masses" is a problem which Work for Chinese and Japanese seems to be solved by the Open-Air Gospel services. "How to reach the WITH the largest Chines-e popula- masses" is to go to the masses. tion of any American city, San Prohibition Progress Francisco is naturally the center of Chi- nese missionary work, with I I missions. NINE States have already adopted Fine buildings have been erected for the State-wide prohibition. Of the work of the Baptist, Congregational, other thirty-nine States so much terri- Episcopalian, Methodist and Presbyterian tory is "dry" that more than 47,000,000 missions._ The cities across the bay from of our population are now living under San Francisco, Oakland, Alameda and prohibition, the saloonless area of the Berkeley, have II missions, carried on United States being 7I per cent. by 7 denominations, twice as many in of the entire country. At the proportion to the population as in San present time five States, Washington, Francisco, but with much less equipment – Oregon, California, Colorado, and Vir- for the work. Los Angeles recently had ginia, are engaged in campaigns for 8 Chinese missions carried on by 6 de- State-wide prohibition next November. nominations, Sacramento 4, Seattle 2. -Two others, Idaho and Arizona, are planning for like campaigns. Iowa, The great centers of Japanese popula- Texas, Utah, and Florida are working tion on the Pacific Coast are Los An- to secure State-wide prohibition next geles, San Francisco and Seattle. There year. Other States are stirring in the are 7 churches and missions in Los An- matter. People are everywhere aroused, geles, and 3 more in suburban tOW!lS, and the prohibition idea advances by conducted by 7 denominations. There leaps and bounds. are 5 miss-ions in Seattle, under as many denominations. Several of the Japanese One-half of all the American people missions in Seattle are well equipped now living in license territory live in with buildings. In San Francisco and four States-New York, Pennsylvania. the Bay district, 16 churches and mis- Illinois and New Jersey_ One-fourth sions for Japanese are maintained by 8 of all the people who live in license denominations. territory live in 6 cities-New York. Chicago, Philadelphia, St. Louis, Boston "Go to Church" in Hawaii and Cleveland. One-half of all the saloons in the United States are located W ORKERS in the American Mis- in 14 cities. sionary Association report that the observance of Go-to-Church Sunday, A Mormon Temple in Washington throughout this entire field, has proved a stimulating experience. A contributor BEING without a regular place of to the Congregationalist writes from worship, a colony of ISO Mormons Hawaii: "With the advent of I914 the Go-to-Church movement in Honolulu which has grown up in Washington is began in -earnest. Its chief feature has drafting plans for the erection of a lain in getting before the people the llandsome edifice in the capital city as claims of religion. In doing this it has a branch of the Church of Jesus Christ been using modern methods." All suc- of Latter Day Saints. Mormons have cessful advertisers _.know the importance churches in Chicago, New York, ami of following up an advertisement, and

in connection with Go-to-Church Sunday it proved to be leprosy, he was banished this pertinent comment is made: "Cer- to a hut on the outskirts of the city, tainly the Christian forces of the United occupied by a Chinese leper, mutilated States are waking up on the question of hideously. He fled in terror, but was getting their wares before the eyes of pursued by the authorities and brought men by persistent advertising. The back. Another inmate of the same hut .question is, Will the churches meet this is an American who had assisted in campaign of advertising by a corres- opening a railroad in the Philippines ten ponding welcome and an enthusiastic years before the disease appeared. endeavor to make their services winsome and helpful?" A The Canadian Eskimo NEW Canadian Census Bulletin gives Lepers in the United States curious details of the Eskimo popu- lation living about Hudson Bay. Arch- RECENTLY two Bills have been deacon Renison of Moosonee, who took introduced in Congress looking to the census in his district, writes: "In the establishment of a National Lepro- calling most of them pagans it must sarium. One of these would provide be remembered that they are so in name $150,000 for a National Leprosarium on only, since all of them have their resome island. The other Bill appro- ligious books and practically everyone priates $500,000 for a Leper Home, of the age of ten can read them. the location now being specified. Heathen practises are a thing of the past. The majority of the people live By those familiar with the facts, under the most squalid conditions and are leprosy. is believed to be a serious destitute of proper clothing through national danger. The United States are the failure of the deer, which long in frequent communication through ship- ago were numerous along the east ping with countries where leprosy is coast of Hudson Bay." Sergeant Hay- widely prevalent, and inquiries have ter reported that the people in his shown that in some parts of the United district had no idea whatever of their States foreign levers have little difficulty age and they knew nothing of our .in effecting a landing and passing thence divisions of time. They are sometimes into the interior, where they are soon polyga111ists, sometimes' polyandrists. lost sight of, but where they may spread They are fond of children, but change the infection unobserved. This source the111 about, adopting some or giving of danger is stated to be rapidly in- their own away, according to convecreasing. Leprosy is known to be nience, so that it is hard to reckon comIhonin some of the foreign posses- by families.-The Churchman. sions' and dependencies of the United States-e.g., the Hawaiian Islands, the EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN Philippines (where at present some 5,000 lepers are under supervision), and A Record Year for Bibles Porto Rico. There is great need for a national leper home, where suitable care T HE British and Foreign Bible can be given to these sufferers, who are Society has closed its one hundred now often subjected to virtual perse- and tenth year. In the past year, six cution. A physician in St. Louis reports new versions of the Bible have aptwo such cases. One a man thirty-five peared in print for the first time. One years old, who had been a soldier in the is Mark's Gospel in Kopu for one of Philippines ten years before, developed the many aboriginal tribes in the a disease of the skin, of the nature of mountains of southwest China. Last which he was entirely ignorant. When autumn IO,OOO copies were delivered to the China Inland Mission. The Gos-

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pel was first used in public worship at Christian Association, which has a a harvest festival, when 400 Kopu filled membership of 3,000, in 400 branches, the chapel, each with his own copy. devotes itself particularly to evangelis- Sentence by sentence they read in tic work among the troops, both on the unison the first chapter. Mark has Continent and in England. also been given in their own tongue to the Mawken-or "Drowned-in-the-Sea," Within ten days of the actual dec- as they style themselves-a gipsy fisher laration of war the Young Men's Chris- folk of Lower Burma; and to the tribes tian Association Field Service De- among the snow peaks of Western partment was at work at more than Tibet who speak Manchad. Luke has 60 points throughout Great Britain. been published in Car Nicobarese, the The greatest possible variety of method dialect of the most populous of the is in use. One special piece of work Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal; which the Y. M. C. A. has undertaken and Matthew in Addo, a dialect of is the distribution of Testaments among Southern Nigeria; while the four Gos- the Territorials and Regular troops for pels~ at the request of the Evangelical the Pocket Testament League. This Missionary Society for German East league plans for the wise and careful Africa, have been printed in Ruanda, distribution of special copies of the the speech of 7,000,000 negroes in the Gospel of St. John to hundreds' of mountain region between Victoria thousands of soldiers and sailors, and Nyanza and Lake Tanganyika. The for the individual gift of copies of the Society's list now includes versions in entire New Testament to those soldiers 456 different tongues-the complete and sailors who would agree to carry Bible in 112 languages, the New Tes- the Testaments with them and read at tament in III more languages, and at least one chapter daily. least one book of Scripture in 233 other languages. The total issues for the THE CONTINENT year 1913-14 were 8,958,233 copies-an increase of over a million compared I The Prussian State Church with the previous year. In embossed N view of the position of Germany type for the blind, the Society has pub- in the present European war, special lished or circulated the Scriptures in interest attaches to an article in a 35 different languages. recent issue of the Hibbert Journal, regarding the withdrawal movement Salvation Army Sends Out Workers from the State churches. Since the first of January, 1908, in Berlin alone, GENERAL BOOTH recently dedi- 31,967 Protestants, 5,029 Roman Cath- cated a party of 102 officers for serv- olics and 196 Jews have notified such withdrawal. The formality of withice in India, the Dutch Indies, Korea, drawing involves no little personal Japan, Holland, Canada, South Africa, trouble and loss of time, besides the New Zealand, South America, France, social stigma attached to it. Those Malta, and Gibraltar. This is the larg- baptized in the church must formally est party ever sent out at one time by declare their withdrawal before a State the Army, and over 75 are going to India. official, otherwise they must pay the church tax, if their incomes exceed British Troops and the Gospel a certain sum. The writer calls the Prussian State Church little more than T HE departure of British troops for a link in a social and political chain, the front was the call to service a constituent element in the State orfor the various agencies which concern ganization, but one which only reflects themselves with the moral and spiritual welfare of the men. The Soldiers'

a part of the heart of the nation. It Poles, mostly Roman Catholics, are not is the political-religious side of Preus- particularly susceptible. to Pan-Slav sentum, and he thinks that the working propaganda, as that is largely Russian class is becoming increasingly convinced and Orthodox. that Christianity has moved somewhat from its primitive ideals and has been Altogether the Dual Moriarchy conmisused to bolster up the Prussian tains 5,500,000 inhabitants of Cerb State idea.-The Churchman. race, divided between Islam and two Christian creeds.

Polyglot Population of Austria The Religion of Suicides ACCORDING to the most recent THE Imperial Statistical Bureau of authoritative statistics the racial Berlin publishes the averages of question in Austria-Hungary is much more complicated and diversified than death by suicide per 100,000 people is usually to be explained in reference among different religious and nonbooks. In the kingdoms and provinces religious sections of the German nation. represented in the Reichsrath in Vienna The ratio is as follows: there are nearly 10,000,000 Germans and 18,500,000 non-Germans. Of these Among Moravians, Mennonites, etc. 1 nearly 17,500,000 are Slavs. Among Among Protestants ……………. 31 these Slavs, the Croats and Serbs num- Among Catholics ……………… 37 Among Jews …………………. 40 Among the religionless, especially ber 780,000, chiefly in Dalmatia, while – among Socialists ……………. 605 there are in all 666,000 Orthodox and Revival in Bulgaria nearly 3,500,000 Greek Uniats. In Hungary, with its subject kingdoms of "N OTHING like the present SpIrI- Croatia and Slavonia, there are 10,000,- tual awakening has ever occurred 000 Magyars, 2,000,000 Germans, and in the history of evangelical Chris- 8,000,000 other non-Magyars. Of these tianity in this country," writes Dr. E 3,000,000 are Rumanians and well over E. Count, from Sofia, Bulgaria, under 5,000,000 Slavs. The Croats, or Roman date of August 29th. "Over 60 have Catholic Serbs, number 1,800,000 and joined our Methodist Church in this their Orthodox brothers are I,roO,ooo city since February, and on the Sofia in number. All told, Hungary has District more than ISO new members nearly II,OOO,OOO Roman Catholic sub- are recorded."

jects, 2,000,000 Greek Uniats, and Restrictions Abolished in Russia 3,000,000 Orthodox. In this connection S it should be remembered that the EVERAL months ago the Review referred to the hostility of the Patriarchate of the Orthodox Serb Church has been fixt at Karlowitz, Greek Church officials to the Baptists under Hungarian rule, for over two in Russia, and the action taken by the centuries. In Bosnia there are 434,000 Government against Rev. Mr. Fetler.

Roman Catholic Croats, 825,000 Ortho- Since the outbreak of the war, the dox Serbs and over 600,000 Bosniaks, 1:orrespondent of the Reuter Telegram or Moslem Serbs. Thus, it will be Company at St. Petersburg has re- seen that the Emperor Francis Joseph ported that the Russian authorities are rules over more than 25,000,000 Slavs abolishing previous restrictions against and 3,225,000 Rumanians, of whom the holding of prayer-meetings by nearly 4,500,000 adhere to various Or- Baptists, and that the Baptists are thodox churches and 5,400,000 are opening hospitals in Kiev, Odessa and Uniats. Of this Slav mass 5,000,000 St. Petersburg.

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Stamping Out the Drink Curse political unrest. Here the war-call of my earthly king suddenly reached me, NEWS was recently published from which I must obey early in the morn· St. Petersburg, to the effect that ing. Unfortunately, I have not time enough for a complete report. Everyan order from the Czar to his army, where there is an earnest longing for dealing with the drink evil had just salvation in Christ; everywhere I had been issued. Drunkenness is to be to promise either· to return or to send ruthlessly stamped out. Officers are a secretary. The harvest is ready at forbidden to drink in camp, on ma- the door, and the Christian Endeavor neuvers or while on any duty with Society has great problems in the their men. All classes of drunkenness Balkans. The Lord Jesus· will bring it are to be dealt with in the severest out right, even without my service, manner. Commanding officers are since I must now go to the war. It ordered to discourage as much as pos- is bitter that I must now go with sible the drinking of alcohol, and weapons against those to whom a few medical officers are to deliver lectures weeks ago I preached of the Lord of periodically on the harmful effects of Peace. God make me strong." alcohol. Russia is looked upon as benighted, out when have governments MOSLEM LANDS taken action to teach the people the harmful effects of alcohol? Apart from An Encounter with Brigands the schools, no effort has been made by American authorities to let the people DR. W. N. CHAMBERS of Adana. know the facts revealed by science. In England, France and Germany, great while on his way to the annual efforts are made by means of bulletins, meeting of the Central Turkey Mission posters, and other ways, to warn people was "held up" by brigands four hours of the danger in the use of alcoholic out from Hadj in. He says: liquors. The results, as far as we can judge, show that more good is accom- "The distressing and tragical part of plished by teaching than by prohibition. it was the shooting of the soldier de- Here the teaching is left to private tailed to act as guard to the party. He enterprise which is very spasmodic and was beside me, and seeking cover for does not carry the weight or influence resistance was shot through the breast of governmental authority. and dropt dead. This was within a minute after we were halted and found The Pathos of the War ourselves in the hands and at the mercy of six or eight brigands. They searched A PATHETIC letter addrest to Dr. the others of the party-three Arme- Francis E. Clark, of the Christian nians from Hadjin-and would take Endeavor Society, by a teacher in nothing from me, tho I offered money Croatia, Austria, who devotes his sum- to induce them to deal mercifully with mers and all his free time to Christian one of my companions."-Miss.ionary Endeavor work, is one of those side- Herald. lights on the war which give it its vital human significance. This teacher A Boy Sultan in Persia writes: SULTAN AHMED SHAH KATAR. "For four weeks I have borne the the boy of seventeen who occupies Christian . Endeavor banner through the Balkans. I was obliged to cut .off the throne of Persia, took the oath and fourteen days' of the journey planned, was crowned in Teheran, his capital, and hasten home on account of the in July. Advancing to the table in front of the platform 111 the Parliament House, he placed his hands on the Koran, and in ~

loud voice took the oath. He then is need of more forceful and cultured proceeded to the neighboring Sipah- men in the native pastorate who may suc- Salar Mosque where the Ulama and cessfully address their fellow country- the principal religious dignitaries were men-Indian Christian scholars, nur- assembled. Here he returned thanks tured in the varied learning of the and offered prayers to Allah for the East and West, who will interpret the prosperity of his country and his reign. practical West to the philosophical East, At 5 P. M. the coronation took place and will be able to show that the re- in the palace, the king placing the ligion of Christ is in accord with the crown upon his own head, while the best sentiments of India's best minds. Ulama acclaimed him king, intoning ill The college is the first example of sonorous, guttural tones the Arabic different missionary societies in India formula: cooperating· in theological instruction. Six Foreign Mission Boards, Scotci1 Fearless Dealings with Moslems Presbyterian, English Congregational, Danish Lutheran, English Wesleyan, T HE fact that the Presbyterian Mis- American Reformed, and American sion schools in Persia have been Congregational, have representatives on organized primarily to make Christians the college council. Four European does not seem to frighten Moslems professors and one Indian professor away from them. Of more than 1,000 constitute the faculty. Buildings at an such in attendance 700 are paying tui- expense of $47,000 are being erected. tion fees. All are required to study These consist of a college hall with the Bible, and in only three of the classrooms and library, a hostel for unthirteen is Friday (the Moslem Sah- married students, two small bungalows bath) given as a holiday. Miss Stock- for married students, and a residence ing tel1s in the Moslem World, a good for the principal. The sum of $33,000 story of one of the missionaries in has already come from Europe, chiefly Resht who was summoned before a from England, for the building fund. magistrate. The fol1owing dialog The remaining $14,000 are rightly exdeveloped: pected from America.

Official.-"We hear that you have Lowering the Flag of Paganism been inviting Moslems to become Christians." A STRIKING incident is related by Rev. William Peters, of the North Missionary.-HIt is true.' ' India Methodist Mission: "Recently I Off.-"Whom do you invite?" visited the work on Ujhani Circuit, Miss.-HI invite you, sir." where lives an old Hindu more than The official gave no more trouble.- seventy years of age. All his life he Record of Christian Work. had been an idolater and had done everything in his power to prevent the INDIA spread of Christianity. He built a great heathen altar in front of his A Unique Miuioaary lnatitution house and hoisted over it a large pagan banner. Revival meetings were held T HE first class of eight students by the. Christians in his village. The graduated from the United Theo- power of God took hold of his soul logical College of Sont:iLlndia a~ ancl he pulled down his flag, broke Ion at Bangalore have all beelL called to down the altar, and with his heart acpositions of usefulness as tbeffltJgirnJ cepted JesuS' Christ as .his Savior." teachers, pastors, and evangetists: in the Indian church. The need of an institn- tion such as this is great, for So~ India and Ceylon contairr half the Protes- tant Christian population of India. There

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America'. Costly Gift to India not merely protected Christians from insult or injury in his own province, D R. HUME, speaking at the cen- but who quietly conveyed to Washing- tenary celebration of the American ton news, upon the strength of which Board Mission in India, estimated the was determined the despatching of number of earnest, educated sons and troops to safeguard the legations. Since daughters of North America, who had then Yuan haS' done many things for given their lives to India in the past which Christian propagandists are 100 years, at not less than 40,000. This grateful. But his open acquiescence in gift of good women and men by one the advance of Christianity in China country to another with which it has is shown in his manly decision, in the no political and little commercial re- face of political intrigue, that China lation is, he declares, unparalleled in shall not revert to the reactionary ranks history, and unparalleled in its spiri- of nations shackled by the bonds of tual, intellectual and social value. state religions.-Men and Missions (N. Y.). HTTen Nationalities at One Altar HERE are commonly ten nation- Optimism in West China alities and combinations of nationalities represented at the family altar BISHOP LEWIS, of the Methodist of the mission house at Pegu, Burma, Church in West China, writes that the political conditions are much more viz., Canadian, American, Tamil, Te- settled than they were a year ago. "Among a few," he says, "there may lugu, Hindustani, Panjabi, Burmese, be a slight opposition to Yuan Shih Chinese, Karen and Chino-Karen. Kai. But the people are loyal to the These are all resident on the compound central government and do not want except the Panjabi mater who happens trouble. They seem to be satisfied with to come for work at that hour, and the present situation. The epidemic being a Christian takes part in the of robbery, reported a year ago, apt family devotions. What will be the pears to have been entirely checked." product of the amalgamation of all With the new Civil Governor of these races'?"-Indian Witness. Szechuen, Chen Tin-chieh, in cordial sympathy with the Church's work-tho CHINA not himself a professing Christian- with the people at peace, and the p Religion and Politics Church making rapid strides, Bishop RESIDENT YUAN SHIHKAI Lewis believes the situation in West has dissipated all doubts as to China to be 1110st promising. freedom of worship and of religious belief in the new Republic. He has T Plea for Methodist Union issued a mandate explaining the mean- HERE is undoubtedly much to be ing and force of his previous announce- gained by the organic union of the ment regarding the restoration of Con- Chinese members of the various Methfucianism as China's system of social odist bodieS' operating in China. So ethics. The mandate guarantees re- many different churches, so many difligious freedom and declares: "No State ferent names, so many different sysreligion will be introduced, as under the tems of doctrine. and church polity, Ching dynasty, since religious freedom necessarily produce no little confusion corresponds with the system of repub- and uncertainty in the minds of the licanism." Yuan Shih Kai has long Chinese. This is bad enough when we been the friend of the missionary and consider only the great main divisions the native Christians. Back, in the days of the Boxer troubles. it was Yuan Shih Kai, then a powerful viceroy, who

among the denominations, as the Pres- church, and schools, and preachers, ana byterians, Methodists, Baptists, Angli- teachers, and I always go to church cans, etc. But when each of these and am diligent in learning the doc- main divisions is subdivided into nu- trine."

merous smaller bodies, the Chinese are What May Come to Pass at a loss to know the reason for it, and it makes confusion worse con- W ILL China some day send misfounded. Further, there can be no sionaries to America? We can doubt that our work could be adminis- not believe it, says the Christian Obtered much more economically, both as server (Southern Presbyterian), but a to men and money, if we were united high Chinese official says it will be so. into one organic body. The mission- The rapid advance of Christianity in aries need not necessarily belong to mission lands suggests this. The sugthe Chinese Church. They could main- gestion is emphasized by the comtain their connection with the home paratively sluggish progress of religion, Church, as is the case in Japan. Bilt or its actual decline in Christian lands. that the Chinese members shouM be As indicating growth in foreign lands united into one body is a consumma- it appears from the last reliable census tion devoutly to be wished. There arc of India that there are now 3,896,000 to-day perhaps 70,000 or more Metho- Christians in India, twelve for each dist Christians in China. What a thousand of population. The American strong body these would make if they Methodist Mission in India baptized were all united into one organization. 30,000 persons in I9I2, and 40,000 in -China Christian Advocate. I9I3. Thousands registered their names for baptism, but could not receive the Result of a Medical Journey required instruction because of lack of workers. The work of other de- DR. D. DUNCAN MAIN, of Hang- nominations is correspondingly pros- perous. The Presbyterian Church in chow hospital, relates. the follow- China is preparing to organize a ing as an illustration of the text, "Cast General Assembly. 60,000 Presbyterians thy bread upon the waters": are ready to enter this organization. Other denominations enjoy similar An old patient who lives in a little prosperity. country place twenty miles distant, that 'we used to visit on Saturdays, for healing and preaching, some years ago, writes: "I live at Kuchang, in Yu'ang-. An Appeal from Honan and my name is Li Kya-Chen, and I THREE years ago the gentry oi am 74 years of age. A long time ago, Chow Kiakan, Honan, presented a in the reign of Kwang Dzu, you came petition to the China Inland Missions here to heal, and preach the 'Happy asking for a hospital. They are still Sound.' At that time I only thought awaiting an answer. The city has a of my disease. Now I know that your population of 225,000, and the sur- coming here was not only to cure our rounding district is well populated.

diseases, but to cllre our souls, because A great opportunity is thus presented the doctrine of Jesus has got into my for reaching these people. The peti- heart and that is the most important tion expresses appreciation of the work, thing of all. I have offended against and in oriental language the writers God and you; but most fortunately Goel say that they "turn with earnest desire has forgiven me while I am alive, and toward the open door of the Mission I thank you for what you did for me. Book Room, as the Sunflower turns to- We have had now for some years a ward the Sun."

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS 87

JAPAN-KOREA think of allowing his new official duties to interfere with the indorsement of the A Methodist School in Kobe Sunday-school convention to which he had committed himself. THE Kwansei Gakuin, founded 25 years ago at Kobe by Bishop W. I An Anglican Mission to Lepers N the September, 1913, issue of The R. Lambuth, has proved to be one of Spirit of Missions appeared an ac- the great missionary institutions of count of the work done among lepers at learning in the Orient. Good buildings Kumamoto, Japan, under the leadership have been erected, the student body of Miss Riddell. At that time she was in all departments numbers more tha~ earnestly praying that a priest might 1;le 700. It is a union Methodist institu- moved to help in the enterprise. The tion, the Methodist Church of Canada May issue of The Mission Field, the having united with the Southeru official organ of the S. P. G., says: Methodist as full partners. In Octo- ber, the 25th anniversary was cele- "The S. P. G. is to be privileged to brated on an extensive scale. share in the work among the lepers at Kumamoto, Japan, the committee having The Premier Stands for Religion made a grant toward defraying the ex- penses of the Rev. A. S. Hewlett, the – COUNT OKUMA, the venerable pre- Vicar of St. Paul's Church, Tranmere, mier who has recently succeeded to Birkenhead, who is resigning his living in order to devote himself to work the headship of the government in J a- among lepers. The leper settlement is pan, continues in his high office to show not very far from the scene of the the same practical concern in the relig- great volcanic eruption. In a letter just ious life of his people which he hag received from Miss Riddell, the foun- manifested for years as private citizen dress of the work among lepers in and university president. Tho he Japan, she writes: 'The Sunday after has thus far in his career refrained from the first eruption our lepers, sixty-six in actual indorsement of Christianity, in number, brought me all the money they an address which he delivered recently could make up between them, four shil- in Tokyo at the dedication of the dormi- lings and a farthing, and asked me to tory for the Chinese Y. M. C. A., the send it to any Christians among the Count used the following significant lan- sufferers as a little thank-offering for guage: "The fatal defect in the teach- the great Love which was preserving ings of the great sages of Japan and them from need and anxiety in this time China is that while they dwelt with of their physical affliction. I know that virtue and morale they did not suffi- it was not only the "widow's mite," but ciently dwell on. the spiritual nature it was the lepers' all.''' of man. And every nation th:lt neglects the spiritual, tho it may Christianity in Korea flourish for a time, must eventually decay. The origin of modern civiliza- THE president of the Japanese Y. M. tion is to be found in the teachings uf C. A. at Seoul is Judge Watanabe. the Sage of Judea, by whom alone the necessary moral dynamic is supplied." the founder and head of the judicial Vhen Count Okuma became Premier, it system in Korea. The church statistics was expected that he would resign from for 1913 have just been completed. the arrangements committee of the The following comparative tables will World's Sunday-school Convention. indicate to some extent the growth of which is to meet in Tokyo in 1916. But Christianity during that period. he expressly declared that he would not

1913 1912 AFRICA Adult Baptisms …… . 6,848 6,089 The Coptic Church in Egypt Communicants ……. . 80,383 73,226 Total Church Members 98,325 90,400 ABOUT 6 per cent. of the popula- Organized Churches .. 857 tion of Egypt, or some 670,000 Churches, Self-support- 831 persons, we are told, belong to the Coptic Church. They constitute a dis- ing ……………. . 182 186 tinct community, with their own schools, Churches, Partly Self- cemeteries and civil laws. While only 645 4 per cent. of the Moslem popUla- supporting ……… . 675 1,280 tion can read and write, more than IO Preaching Places …. . 1,256 per cent. of the Copts can do so. Ordained Ministers, Jap- 702 The Copts in the cities are clever mer- chants and the number of extremely anese ………….. . 728 652 wealthy Coptic families has consider- Unordained Ministers ably increased. The Egyptian Protes- 106,580 tants are largely persons who have and Helpers ……. . 732 abandoned the Church of the Copts, 318,987 but there is no such chasm between S. S. Scholars and them as between Protestantism and Teachers . . . . . . . . . .. 108,495 Romanism. Protestants feel a sense of historical relationship to the ancient Amount contributed by church, desire its reformation, contri- Japanese ……. Yen 374,538 bute to its schools and church con- struction, attend its congresses. Ameri"- $187,269 $169,493 can missionaries are invited repeatedly to speak in Coptic churches. This has One of the most interesting features gone so far that the solemn ritualistic of the Student Young Men's Chris- services on Good Friday have been tian Association work in Korea is the suspended, and Mr. Reed, a Presby-o sending forth of evangelistic groups terian clergyman, invited in to give which preach the Gospel in the neigh- an exposition of the Scriptures. Great boring villages and country districts, numbers of Coptic laymen and school often where no preaching has ever been teachers and some Coptic priests have heard. One Association reported that been educated in American Presby-· during the year they have raised money terian schools and cherish the friendto send a missionary to an island 1,500 liest feelings for the evangelical church. li distant. His work has resulted in There is, further, a distinct movement many conversions among the islanders. of reformation in the ancient church of Egypt-an advancing use of the What a Student Y. M. C. A. Can Report Arabic colloquial in place of the un- intelligible Coptic, an increasing use of THE report of the Student Secre- the Scriptures in the services, more tary in Korea, Mr. Choi Sung Mo, preaching and Bible exposition, growth contains the following paragraph: of schools for girls, and other work "From last June to April of this year for women. The development of Sun- I have been able to lead 272 men to day-schools in the Coptic churches is decide to accept Jesus Christ as their proposed as the most promising way of Savior. A number of these are in my transforming it in an evangelical sense. Bible classes and 76 of them are now There could hardly be a more certain known to be in regular attendance at guaranty of a Reformed Church of the church. It was my duty to deliver the Gospel both in public and in private and to visit the sick. I have done what I could as the time permitted, and I trust that the work of my Master has been promoted by my services." Mr. Choi Sung Mo leads 16 different Bible classes, two of which are composed entirely of students from non- Christian private schools, while two other number among their enrolment some 60 Government school students.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

Egypt than a widespread movement of ther evangelization of the subjects of this kind. 'King' Lukengu, the well-known Kongo A Typical Moslem Region chief. Not long ago, Ibanche station A CORRESPONDENT writes to the Christian Standard from Algiers: chose seven of the very best and "After a three-months' sojourn in the land of Islam I am more profoundly strongest native preachers (unordained. convinced than ever of the power of a false religion to mar the happiness of course) that they have, and sent and destroy the prosperity of mankind. This land is, in parts, as beautiful as them to the most strategic remote vilthe Garden of Eden, yet everywhere it yields tokens of the curse of Islam. The lages of Lukengu's country. Two of memories of this land, it seems to me, will always reawaken the threnody of them went to the tribe called the Bangwail and sob that swept down upon us from the minarets the last night we endi, a tribe never before touched by spent in B1ida. A few days ago we walked through 'the Casbah in Algiers. Protestant teachers, with the exception The Casbah is that part of the city where the Arabs live. It was an ex- of one very brief visit of two missionperience to make' one's heart sad. The Casbah has been called a human rabbit- aries of the Presbyterian Missions. warren. The streets are so narrow that, in many places, one might stand Until the arrival of these young African in the middle and touch the walls on either side. Here the natives live and Protestants in those villages, the name work and trade. Foodstuffs-the very sight of which was nauseating-were of Christ had never been heard. Not on sale in alleys, where the smells proclaimed the deadly pollution of the one word of God's message to men had atmosphere. Dark passages, narrow stairways and doors in unexpected ever reached them. This is, indeed, places suggested a labyrinth as intricate, dangerous and mysterious as pioneer evangelization, and these young the catacombs. The people who haunted these abodes, mostly shrouded umpeon~ with their wives', will be called in white, were silent and sad, as tho to endure many trying hardships. they might be corpses wandering from their tombs. Islam knows no pity for Indeed, they have already reported such the poor,. the ignorant and the opprest. Islam cares not for sanitation nor for discouraging facts as the cold indifferthe uplift of humanity. Islam means degradation, stagnation and desolation." ence of the people to the Gospel mes- From the Kongo Region sage, the superstitious fear of the Gospel MR. PLUMER writes from Lusambo, by many, and the tremendous power of Kongo Beige :-"Ibanche station, of our African mISSIon, has lately taken a Fetichism over the mass of the people. very important step forward in the fur- With this heathenism on the one hand and Roman Catholicism on the other, these forces of Christ must have a severe and long struggle before the victory is won. "

A Promising Mission Field ARECENT traveler vividly pictures the opportunity in the Kassai valley of the Kongo State. "There is no mis- sion field more full of promise, more' urgent in its needs, than is the great Kassai valley and the adjoining Lunda plateau. The Bakete, numbering 20,000, are all accessible and at the doors of the great church at Luebo. The Bakuba, numbering, perhaps, 400,000. lying north of the Luebo, in the great Sankuru-Kassai peninSUla, have thrown open their doors, and already one sta- tion has been planted among them. The Bashilange, numbering over 1,000,- 000, lying to the south of Ndombe, are ready to have the Word.

The Christian King of Uganda ceremony, however interesting; that it is not only entailed from below but OCTOBER 5th was the day chosen committed from above; and that in for the crowning of Dauda Chwa, facing responsibility the Kabaka may the day on which, in 1889, the com- rely on the earnest prayers of his bined Christian forces of Uganda, people.-C. M. S. Gazette. Protestants' and Roman Catholics, re- entered the capital after their final Great Growth in a Hard Field victory over the Mohammedan party. Uganda Notes for June says: "The THE Swedish Mission in Abyssinia celebration of October 5th as 'Peace counted in 1897 5 stations, 300 con- Day' has already become an established verts, 20 native evangelists, and 90 institution in Uganda. The cqoice of pupils in one mission school. To-day such a day for the coronation is a there are 10 stations, 2,000 converts', happy augury to mark the beginning 75 native evangelists, 10 native school of a rule that shaH know no respect teacherS', 1,305 pupils in 5 boardingof persons, but labor untiringly for the schools and 50 day schools in the vilhighest good of all. Three distinct lages. There is a hospital in full celebrations will mark the coming of operation and a press which is printing age of the Kabaka. The fi.rst, which in Ethiopian, Amaric, Tigrigna, Tigre, will take place on Saturday, August 8th, Cunama, Galla and Swahili. Two hunwill be the civil ceremony, when the dred hymns have been translated into authority to rule will be formally trans- the Tigrigna tongue and are uS'ed in ferred from the three Regents, who the mission schools. have hitherto borne the burden of government, to the Kabaka. The sec- OCEAN WORLD ond native ceremony will take place on Friday, August 14th, when the Kabaka The Marsden Centenary will sit for the first time in his Lukiko, or Council, and the great chiefs will T HE very existence of the now come forward to swear allegiance to flourishing Dominion of New Zeahim. Both of these ceremonies will land is due to the faith and courage take place in the capital. The third, of the Rev. Samuel Marsden, who went or religious ceremony, will be at Budo, fearlessly among the ferocious Maoris on Monday, October 5th. For the first of those cannibal islands. The mission time in the history of the country a of the Church Missionary Society which Christian king will sit on the throne he founded on Christmas Day, 1814, of Uganda. With a Christian king tamed the race; and subsequently in much of the older ceremonies connected poured the colonists. The British occuwith a native coronation will be out of pancy is, therefore, in a large measure place. Where it is inextricably en- due to the labors of Samuel Marsden tangled with pagan customs and beliefs and other early missionaries. Christit is' inevitable that it should pass with mas Day next will be the one hundredth them, but it is earnestly to be hoped anniversary of the first day on which that to the furthest extent possible all a public Christian service was held in ancient customs which are not clearly New Zealand, and it is proposed to repugnant to civilized and Christianized mark the event in that country by a feelings will be retained. But, above special series of commemorative serall, it is important that, at such a time, vices and gatherings. The centenary the transfer of responsibility is seen to celebrations will begin on December be something far more than a civil' r r, with a large public meeting in the Auckland Town HaiL On Christmas Day there will be a service of Holy

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

Communion at, or near, the Marsden submitted to the voters at the next Cross-the identical spot where the election: "Religious Instruction in first service was held. Schools; Referendum Scheme of In- struction. . Provision to be made for Christian Newspaper in Borneo the reading in public schools, within school hours, of selected Bible lessons THE German missionaries in Borneo from a reading book to be provided by publish a monthly paper, under the the Education Department; such read- title Brita Bahatap, or "Good News." ing to be conducted under the super- It is said that the number of sub- vision of the public school teachers, scribers at I20 guIders grows from but no sectarian teaching to be allowed. week to week, and the native Chris- Provision to be made for religious intians send in their contributions to ap- struction to be given within school pear in the columns of the paper along- hours to children by a minister of their side that of the editors. The prospect own denomination, or by an accredited is that the publication will shortly be substitute. Any parent to have the self-supporting. Devotional articles, news right, if he chooses to do so, to withof the mission field, Bible readings, and draw his child from the Bible-reading, so forth, make up the contents month or from the religious instruction, or by month, and a number of the con- from both." tributions by natives have really been of unusual merit. That the Christians A Leper Cure in the Philippines of the island should thus speak to those of their own race and tongue is speci- W HEN the Americans went into the ally valuable. The Dayaks are strong Philippines they discovered that on poetry-of the epic kind, such as the Filipinos were not taking proper are the ancient poetic writings of care of their lepers. The Bureau of Germany and England. The longer the Health, under Dr. Victor G. Heiser, better, would seem to be their thought set aside Culion, one of a small group in their utterances-seventy stanzas of of southern islands about a day's sail six lines each is nothing special for from Manila. It had three or four them; and in these they will sing the fishing villages on it, of which the whole history of missions in the island largest was Culion village. Its inafter the manner of their old hero habitants were transferred to nearby songs. Every station and every mis- islands, and the site of the old town sionary is brought into these. The of Culion was taken for the new leper natives are specially interested in all colony. The idea of the establishing that is published concerning the outside of Culion Colony was, of course, evenworld. Particularly was this the case tually to eliminate the disease from concerning the late Turkish war, for the Philippines. Over 8,000 lepers have the paper presented true reports and been in the colony in the past eight contradicted the false ones of the Mo- years. All have come voluntarily and hammedans on the island. Even some are happy in their well-ordered colony. Mohammedans are among the readers. The clinical diagnosis of leprosy has -Evangelical Christian. become so scientific that cases are much more readily identified in incipiency. The Bible in New Zealand School. A probable cure for leprosy has been THE people of New Zealand will found in a hypodermic injection of soon be called upon to vote on a Chalmuga oil, mixed with camphor. Six referendum providing for the reading cases have been reported cured, having of the Bible in public schools. Tht' shown no signs of the disease, either following is the text of the proposal

microscopically or clinically for two lawsuits between the French and the years. Two hundred others seem prac- natives, which resulted in what he tically cured and others are undergoing considers the unjust imprisonment of treatment. a teacher and others.

There is one phase of the colony-life MISCELLANEOUS we should not have pictured of ourselves, and yet which must inevitably What Appeals to Volunteers be present as long as lepers are just human beings. That is to say, CuEon, DR. CLIFFORD of London tells of like any other community, is not sociologically ideal. It has clas's distinction, an English college which was visit.. pronouncedly, and beneficially, too, in ed by a minister seeking volunteers for a some cases. Many a leper, altho of mission-field in India. He assured the good family, enjoyed none of the bene- young men that the work was not diffifits of his station in his former manner cult, that they would live in a pleasant of life, being outcast and often isolated, society, 'have good homes, and enjoy but here he can take his proper place the services of plenty of servants. Noamong other lepers of his better-born body offered to go. But a little while class, and after the fashion of man- later another mission worker came to kind, his vastly increased importance in the school seeking men to go out to the his own eyes has its good effects upon Kongo. The places that he wanted to his health and entire outlook. He is fill were vacancies left in the force by at last Somebody-and that means much death, and the recruiting officer said to human nature. bluntly to the students: "It will most likely mean death to you, too." Imme- Perils in the New Hebrides diately six men offered themselves for service. GREAT as have been the changes OBITUARY among the people of the South Seas since Dr. John G. Paton began Dr. C. H. Daniels of Boston his life among them, there are still some places where cannibalism pre- THO it is over ten years since vails. A recent letter from Mr. Fred Rev. Charles H. Daniels, D.D., re- Paton reports that "the Malekulan bushmen have had many of their num- signed, because of failing health, from ber kidnapped by French recruiters. his active connection with the American In revenge they murdered and ate a Board, his long and particularly efficient boat's crew, and sent word to all service as Secretary is responsible for natives not to act as crews for re- the fact that his recent death seems cruiting ships. Dr. Sandilands is mis- a direct loss to that body. During the sionary of Wala and N. Malekula, fifteen years of his secretaryship-, the Some of his finest natives went to a forward movement, which provides for bush village by appointment to hold the support of individual missionaries service. The bushmen killed his four by churches and personal contributors, leading men and two boys, and ate five the system of interesting Sunday-schools of them. The rest escaped by a mir- in the work of the Board and the daily acle, one being wounded. It has been noon service of prayer at the Board a severe blow to the mission work, as Rooms were all begun. His earnest the four were outstanding men." faithfulness, his devotion to the work in all its' phases and his tact are per- Mr, Paton writes also of a volcanic haps the qualities which his colleagues outbreak on the island of Ambrin, of remember best.-Missionary Herald.

Among Baptists. By Re~. and "keeping tab on providence"

A. L. Vail, D,D. 140 pages. Amen- disapproved; can Baptist Publication Society, Phila. 50 cents, net. (5) System; while desirable, its This is one of three historical studies justification is not in the New Testa- ment passage usually quoted in favor by Dr. Vail, the other two being "The of it (1. Cor., 16:2). System is apt to Morning Hour of American Baptist "supplant spirit" and "machines replace Missions," and "Baptists Mobilized for men." Missions." The historical character of this last volume is not so marked as in (6) Simplicity (Matthew 6: 3); the other two, for there was evidently (7) Spontaneity; not so much "history" in the subject of (8) Symmetry; stewardship among Baptists as was (9) Equality. found regarding the discussion leading to the establishment of agencies for The methods tested by these prinmissionary work. The fact is revealed ciples are summarized as follows: Hapthat in the early days of religious life hazard; Competitive; Self-denial; in America Baptists did only about as Thank-offering; Fixt percentage. The well in the matter of giving as other false bases underlying these methods people. The book is really a discussion are discust and better ways are of the general problem of Christian pointed out. The author does not stewardship, and will have as much hesitate to disapprove the tithe, the interest for others as' it has for Bap- apportionment and other well-known tists. devices. The entire discussion is in- teresting and, in parts, unique. It will Dr. Vail is out of sympathy with prove stimulating to one's thought on many if not all of the modern "methods" this vita! question of stewardship. The employed for "raising money." He closing words are: tests all these methods by nine "principles" which he considers in detail as "Every church is under the most follows: strenuous responsibility to avoid every method of securing fund, which may (I) Totality; the Christian holds all seem to reputable people beneath the that he has in trust; highest standards of integrity and dig- nity; and equally to use only those (2) Personality; possessions can not methods that are respectable accordingbe separated from life-from the pos- to Christ as indicated in those prinsessor; ciples which he has announced in the New Testament. The only way of life (3) Responsibility; all giving should for a church is to give the Gospel to be in harmony with this principle as the world, and other things in strict applied to the individual and to his pro- subserviency to this service; and to ask vision for those for whom he is re- nothing from the world but repentance sponsible; toward God, faith in the Lord It-sus (4) Prosperity; giving in proportion to getting is advocated, but a rigid rule

Christ, and obedience to Him. When the basis of the obligation. He holds it goes beyond that it goes into the that there is need of a change in the mist and the mire.'" appeal to meet the attitude of modern The Gods of India. By Rev. E. Osborn thought. Many will not agree with Dr. Martin. Pp. 330. Illustrated. Price Garvie in his concessions to modern rationalistic thought, but they will sym· 4s. 6d. ]. M. Dart & SOilS, Ltd., pathize with his loyal adherence to the London and Toronto, 1914.

Rev. E. Osborn Martin, who was for claims of Christ as the Divine Savior thirteen years a Wesleyan missionary and Lord. These lectures may not be in India and Ceylon, describes the de- commended without caution, but they are velopment of Hindu mythology; the worthy of study, as presenting the introduction of the practises of pil- standpoint of the newer theological grimage, idolatry, and caste; and de- views.

votes one chapter to the Sacred Books of the Hindus. Then he deals with the Missionary Programs and Incidents. By Vedic Deities worshiped by Aryan settlers, with the Puranic Deities, the Rev. George H. Trull. 12mo. 274 pp. 50 cents. Missionary Education Move- ment, New York, 1914.

great gods and goddesses of modern Here is a gold-mine for the chairmen Hinduism; and with the worship of of missionary committees. The little sacred rivers, animals, trees, and stones, book contains valuable material and the worship of ancestors, heroes, and suggestions for programs and special demons, which attract the worship of occasions. The incidents are interesting the Hindu peasantry. stories, revealing the need for the Gos- pel, the miracles of modern mission", It is difficult for the learned Euro" the great events of missionary history, pean scholar to understand the mental the can for workers. There are sugposition of the devout Hindu, who gested programs, hymns, prayers, poems, believes the wildest and most contra- scripture and other responsive readings. dictory myths, and worships with utter The only criticism of such a book is abandon at the shrine of some strange that it leaves the missionary chairman conception of the deity. so little to do.

This volume is an interesting study of the subject, but throws no new light on our conception of Hindu gods. The Glory of the Pines. A Tale of the Ontoworship has failed to elevate the people nagon. By William Chalmers Covert. of India. Illustrated. 12mo. 245 pp. $1.25, lIet.

Westminster Press, Philadelphia, 1914.

The Missionary Obligation. By Alfred In guise of fiction, Dr. Covert gives tiS a story of life among the lumber- E. Garvie, D.D. 12mo. 141 pp. 25., men. It is a fascinating tale and one net. Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1914.

Dr. Garvie, who is principle of New with a meaning. Labor and love, joy College, London, here views the mis- and sorrow, sin and salvation, an con- sionary obligation, not in the light of the tribute their quota to the living interest divine authority of the Bible, or the sal- and reality of the narrative which in vation of the heathen from hell, but in many respects reminds one of Ralph the light of modern thought concerning Connor's tales of the Selkirks. "Glory,"

the Christian religion and the social ob- the girl from Detroit, and the young ligation to all mankind. He considers minister of the little white church, and the foreign mission enterprise to be in a the lumbermen and saloon keepers- pe,-i!ous position due to waning interest, g-ood and bad-are characters 110t easily because of a change of conviction as to forgotten.

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION

Glorious Liberty. A Hundred Years' In addition to Kentucky, various writers Work of the Jamaica Baptist Mission. discuss the general problem of home By Leonard Tucker. Illustrated. 8vo. missions, the work of the Presbyterian 168 pp. 2s., net. The Carey Press, General Assembly (South), and other London, 1914. topics. Questions on each chapter add to There are many romantic passages the value for a mission study class-book. It would be a noteworthy work if some in the history of the early days of one would compile a book giving the Christian missions in Jamaica. The conditions, needs, and work of all Protes- early days of slavery were followed tant churches in a state. by the revolt in 1832, and emancipa- tion in 1838. This record is especially Our Opportunity in the West Indies. By important as a contribution to the study B. G. O'Rorke. Illustrated. lZmo. 136 of the native church and its develop- pp. Is., net. S. P. G. House, 15 Tufton ment in self-support, self-government Street, London, 1914. and missionary extension. The Jamaica A history of the West Indies is given, Colored Baptists are to-day doing a noble work in Central America and the as weJl as a brief description of Jamaica, the Bahamas, Barbados, and other West Indies. islands. The book is packed with infor- mation, and is of particular interest to The Return of the Lord Jesus. By Rev. the members of the Anglican Church. R. A. Torrey, D.D. Paper. 12mo. 160 pn. 25 cents. Bible Institute of NOTEWORTHY ARTICLES IN OCTO- Los Angeles, California, 1914. BER MAGAZINES Like most of Dr. Torrey's writings, The most able and Christian state- this is a clear, logical, spiritual Bibli- ment concerning "The War and Mis- cal statement on the subject of our Lord's return to earth-the importance, sions" is that by Rev. J. H. Oldham the certainty, the manner, the results, the time and our attitude toward it. ill the International RevieVJ of Missions The study is instructive and practically for October. Tho written by a British subject, even the Germans could scarcely helpful. find anything to criticize in its spirit or statements. Another striking article in Silver Chimes in Syria. By Wm. S. Nel- the same number is on "Vestiges of son, D.D. Illustrated. lZmo. 195 pp. Heathenism Within the Church in the 7Sc., lIet. The -VVestminster Press, Mission Field," by Dr. Johannes War- Philadelphia, 1914. neck, missions inspector of the Rhenish These glimpses of life and work in Missionary Society.

Syria give an excellent idea of the sur- Those who are looking for a bright, roundings and experiences of a mission- readable article on Bible work will find ary in Aleppo and Tripoli-with occa- it in "Colporteurs and Common Sense," sional side trips. Little has been written in The Bible in the World (B. & F. B. on this subject, and those who have read S.), for October. "Habeeb, the Beloved" will need no urging to renew their acquaintance with the In reading what various experts have to say about "The War's Science," as author. given in the October American Review of Reviews-a notable war number-:-one Presbyterian Home Missions in Ken- is profoundly stirred by the thought of tucky. A Class-Book for Mission what would result if the Christians of the Study. Rev. I. Cochrane Hunt, Editor. world took as seriously ~e work of mis- 12mo. 263 pp. 50 cents. Transylvania sions as the nations take the business of Printing Co., Lexington, Ky., 1914. war. Not many States in America can boast The World Outlook, which promises of a text-book devoted to its missionary needs and work. The Home Mission Synod of Kentucky has set an example that other states would do well to follow.

to be an achievement in missionary jour- The Balkan Wars, 1912-1913. By Jacob Gould Schurman. Maps, 12mo, 140 pp. nalism, is to be published by the Board $1.00. net. Princeton UniveJsity Press, Princeton, 1914. c of Foreign Missions of the Methodist In the Vulgar Tongue. Popular Report Episcopal Church, beginning with De- of the British and Foreign Bible So- cember. ciety. 12mo, 135 pp. Bible House, Queen Victoria Street, London, 1914. Dr. Samuel M.Zwemer, the well-known authority on Mohammedanism, con- Battling and Building Amongst the Bhiis. tributes to The Homiletic Review a paper Illustrated, 95 pp., Is. net. Church Mis- worth reading on "The Future of Turk- sionary Society, London, 1914. ish Arabia"-a land still terra incognita to the majority of Americans. Dr. Zwe- Through Europe on the Eve of War.

mer has also a strong paper on "The A Record of Personal Experiences; Including an Account of the First United Christendom and Islam" in the current Constructive Quarterly. W orId Conference of The Chambers for International Peace. By Frederick The article on "Agricultural Training in India," by Sam Higginbottom, of Al- Lynch, D.D. 12mo, 152 pp. Church lahabad, in Men and Missions, will be a Peace Union, 70 Fifth Ave., New York, revelation to many concerning the need 1914. and value of this work as an arm of mis- The Making of Christianity. By Dr. sions. John C. C. Clarke. The Associated On missionary methods at home, Miss Authors, Inc., 35 W. 39th Street, New Gabrielle Elliot gives valuable hints in York, 1914. the Woman's Wark (for November), in A Chinese Christmas Tree. By Norman her description of "Mission Pageants," Hinsdale Pitman. Illustrated, Boards, their value, and how to run them. Prac- net, 50 cents. Fleming H. Revell Co., tical plans are also given in that excel- Ne'w York, 1914. From Alien to Citizen. The Story of lent monthly of the Southern Presbyterians, The Missionary Survey, in My Life in America. By Edward A. "Methods for the Secretary of Litera- Steiner. Illustrated, 8vo, $1.50, net.

ture," and other articles. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, A novel side of missionary life and 1914. work is given in a brief account of "Chi- Delia, The Blue Bird of Mulberry Bend. . By Mrs. E. M. Whittemore. Illusnese Boy Scouts in Camp," by J. Randall trated, 12mo, 75 cents, net. Fleming H. Norton, in The Spirit of Missions, the Revell Co., New York, 1914.

ably edited organ of the Domestic and Immigrants in the Making. The Bohe- mians, by Edith Fowler Chase. The Foreign Missionary Society of the Prot- I talians, by Sarah Gertrude Pomeroy. estant Episcopal Church. Illustrated, 12mo, each 25 cents, net.

NEW BOOKS Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, The Call of the East. A Romance of 1914. Far Formosa. By Thurlow Fraser. Prince and Uncle Billy. A First Reader Illustrated, 12mo, 351 pp., $1.25 net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, in Home Missions. By Charles Lin- 1914. coln White. 16mo, 50 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, The New Life in China. By Edward Wilson Wallace. Illustrated, 12tno, 114 1914. pp. Paper cover, Is. necf. United The Little Angel of Canyon Creek. By Council for Missionary Education, London, 1914. Cyrus Townsend Brady. $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, The Work of Christ, Past, Present and Future. By A. C. Gaebelein. 16mo, 1914. 126 pP. 50 cents, postpaid. Publica- The Regeneration of New China. By tion Office, "Our Hope," 456 Fourth Avenue, New York, 1914. Nelson Bitton. Illustrated. 16mo. 282 pp. 2s., net. United Council for Missionary Education, London, 1914. The Holy Land of Asia Minor. The Seven Cities of the Book of Revela- tion. Their Present Appearance, their History, their Significance, and their Message to the Church of To-day. By Rev. Francis E. Clark, D.D., LL.D. Illustrated 12mo. 154 pp. $1.00, net. Charles Scribner's Sons, New Yark, 1914.

Steps Toward Reunion. By W. G. Peel, D.D., Bishop of Mambasa, and J. J.

Willis, D.D., Bishop of Uganda. 70 pp., Is. net. Longmans, London, 1914.

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1914

lINDIANS DREST FOR A RELIGIOUS

Clues to the Contents THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, SEPTEMBER, 19 14.

SOME QUESTIONS ANSWERED IN THIS NUMBER PREPARED BY MRS. F. M. GILBERT, BROOKLYN, N. Y.

I. What historic use was made of the little Japanese basket? 2. In what oriental country has a woman president of a life insurance company taken up evangelistic work? 3. To what country did Cecil Rhodes say that the world would look in the future for its gold, silver and copper? 4. What was the "Stone of Persecution" and what did it com- memorate? 5. Why was the Bible for Uganda made only three inches long? 6. What errand of the Japanese emissaries so greatly astonished the Chinese Viceroy, Li Hung Chang? 7. In what mission field has the feminist movement gone farthest in the church? 8. Who were fined at the Sunday-school Christmas party? 9. What "two little white devils" have recently come into China? 10. Why did the Japanese say that he felt unworthy to be called a "Christian Traitor?" I I. What imitation of the Bible is being issued by the Buddhists of Japan? 12. What price was asked for the copy of the Roman Catholic Bible in Mexico? 13. To what great task did Li Hung Chang set himself before he died? J 4. Over how many sessions 0 f the Japanese Parliament has a Chris- tian been the presiding officer? IS. Why did the Christian worker never ask God to bless his plans? 10. What modem invention is largely used in the suppression of the opium traffic? 17. How were the prayers of the young Japanese answered after his death? 18. What one English word could the young Japanese say when he visited Perry's ship at midnight? 19. What is the "slogan" of the British-American Tobacco Com- pany in China? 20. What peculiar reaSon made the father so anxious to have his daughter attend the mission-school? MEXICANS AS ROMAN SOLDIERS IN THEIR PASSION WEEK PARADE S!:MM~fHr'LLLEE.SS CIFI' SI'ECTAACCCl:LAR RELIIGGWIOO::-"I,' IN MEXICO

XXXVII, NO.9 I2Y W

Old Series E D SEPTEMBER, 1914 Vol. XXVII, NO.9 New Series I A FORWARD STEP IN MEXICO mission activities. Five Committees were appointed to whom was referred WITH the resignation of Huerta all questions to be taken up by the and the drawing together of Conference.

the warring factions in Mexico, the (1) Press and Publications prospects of peace and prosperity are (2) Theological Education and Training brightening for the harassed people of the republic. It is eminently Schools fitting, therefore, that the missionary (3) General Committee on Education forces should also come together in (4) Territorial Occupation conference and plan for better co- (5) General Committee to consider all operation and greater efficiency: From June 30th to July 1st a most im- other questions portant meeting was held in Cincinnati at the call of the Latin- The spirit of unity, of harmony, American Committee of the Foreign of brotherly love, of willingness to Mission Boards of North America. cooperate, was so pronounced that a Sixty delegates, represented eleven practical unanimous vote was ob- Boards and Societies engaged in evan- tained on nearly all the recomgelical work in Mexico, and included mendations. leading secretaries and missionaries of all the important Protestant organiza- The following are among the retions having work in Mexico. commendations for cooperation that will be made to the various Boards A most careful study was made of and Societies, and which we hope the locatIon of all the Protestant will be adopted by them as the basis Mission Work in Mexico, and the for future work in Mexico. facts concerning qhe population, schools, churches, and various other 1. In publication work a Joint Depository .and SeIling Agency at Mexico City; the present Church Papers united into one; an illustrated The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW" but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed artides in these pages.-EDITORS.

Young People's Paper; a joint pub- lation of over five millions have no lishing plant in Mexico City. resident foreign missionaries. In same states there is one missionary 2. In Theological Education the to each I2,000 people; in others not establishment of a Bible Institute, one to a million. There are thirtyto be known as "The Bible Institute nine mission high-schools in fifteen and Theological Seminary of the states, while in the other fifteen, Evangelical Church in Mexico," with a population of six millions, under the control of a Board of there are no such institutions. Directors elected by the Missions or churches cooperating in its support. In view of these facts a resolu- A complete course of Theological tion was presented, calling for the Instruction, Courses in Bible, redistribution of all the work of all Methods of Church Work, Music, the Boards so that the entire terriand for those who wish to serve as tory should be occupied; that there Evangelists, Y.M.C.A. and Y.W.CA. should be no congestion of schools Secretaries, Deaconesses and Lay or churches; and that denominations Workers. It was recommended that closely affiliated, like the Northern the Institute be located at Coyoacan, and Southern Baptists, Northern and Federal District, on the property Southern Presbyterians, should be now used by the Presbyterian Mis- given distinct sections of the country sion for its College and Seminary. contiguous, so that the work might be carried on more efficiently. 3. In General Education that Domestic and Manual Arts be taught In closing its report this Committee in all schools; that Elementary Mis- on Territorial Occupation recomsion Schools be carried on wherever mended that in the development of there are organized congregations. the work in Mexico, and in the At least one high-school for boys effort to provide for the occupation and one for girls in each missionary of the whole country definite denomiterritory; a joint committee on educa- nations be regarded as primarily responsible for the occupation and a tion, to supervise and unify all the missionary cultivation of the States indicated. educational work; consolidation of the higher grades of the primary The delegates were ready to yield schools in places occupied by two personal preference and even deor more denominations; a union col- nominational advantage, if thereby lege for men and women at some the work of the Kingdom might be central place; normal, industrial and advanced. (See Map facing p. 661.) kindergarten tra1l1111g schools at some central place. 5. The General Committee on Mexico recommended the appoint- 4. Possibly the most important ment of a Committee of five, to discussion centered about the question prepare "A Message to the Mexican of territorial occupation. There was People," patterned after the "Mesat the outbreak of the recent re- sage to the Japanese People," pubvolution an average of one foreign lished last year, and signed by seven mIssIOnary (including wives) to hundred missionaries at work in 70,000 of the population, but four- Japan. teen states of Mexico, with a popu-

OF THE

Another important recommenda- the property destroyed and the busition was that while the various evan- ness losses. In addition to this, Italy gelical bodies of Christians at work and Greece, Holland, Belgium, Denin Mexico should each retain its own mark and other countries may be denominational name, that henceforth drawn into the conflict. In that case all the churches should be known by 800,000 more men would be added to the common appellation of "The those bent on the needless murder of Evangelical Church of Mexico," the their fellows. special name of the denomination being added in brackets. The immediate occasion for all this fiamingpassion and destruction was If these plans are adopted by the the assassination of the Crown Prince Mission Boards and are put into of Austria, for which Servia was effect with the full cooperation of the charged with responsibility. Austria various missionary bodies a new era determined upon revenge, Russia will dawn for Mexjco and an stept in to protect her protege, example will be set to the workers Germany as an ally of Austria joined in other lands. against the Great Bear, while France and England have come to the aid of THE EUROPEAN CONFUCT their ally Russia. The whole conflict seems useless, suicidal, murderous, WITH scarcely a moment's warn- criminal. What the end will be only ing six of the so-called Chris- God can tell. Is it the beginning of the end-the wars of Nations-the tian nations of Europe have turn:d conflict at Armageddon, the final from the pursuits of peace an.! cataclysm? Some so prophesy, as friendly intercourse to engage in a they have prophesied before. Even deadly conflict that would seem not the wisest may not be able perfectly only unreasonable, but impossible in to read the signs of the times, but we this enlightened age. Diplomacy has believe that even in this the final good been futile, the Hague Peace Tri- purpose of the Almighty will be bunal is an empty farce, the inter- wrought out. God rules the universe, marriage of European sovereigns not tho for a time men and nations only fails to prevent conflict but may refuse to follow His leading and makes this a patricidal strife. Ex- to obey His principles. After the pediency, cost in men and money, storm will come peace, and the time business interests, even the profest will come when men shall learn and religion of Jesus Christ have all practis·e war no more. Experience failed to prevent this dreaded and teaches what the Gospel proclaims, deadly conflict. that neither self-interest nor expedi- ency, the terrible destl.-uctiveness of The combined popul;rtions of Servia, modern warfare nor the financial in- Austria-Hungary, Russia, Germany, fluence of commerce, the friendly France and Great Britain (not includ- intercourse of nations, nor the growth ing Colonies), amounts to over three of intellectual culture will prevent men hundred and forty millions. The avail- f rom entering upon foolish and useless able armies and navies number seven- conflicts-the only hope for the world teen million men, and it is estimated that the conflict will cost not less than $10,000,000 a day, in addition to all

is absolute surrender and full obedi- gan in April, I9I3) in Japan. March ence to the will of God as revealed I, I9I4 was appointed as a special in the life and teachings of Jesus day of prayer for work and workers Christ our Lord. May He come in the Sunrise Kingdom. quickly whose right it is to reIgn. "Even so come, Lord Jesus." The resident Protestant Christians (according to the census) now num- PLANS TO EVANGELIZE JAPAN ber 52,972, or a little over one in 1,000 of the population. The goal AS a result of the Continuation set is more than 100 per cent. increase in the missionary force Committee Conference in Japan -or from 406 to 1,000, or about one last year definite plans are being work- to 50,000 of the population, and a ed out for a more adequate occupation fourfold increase of Japanese workof neglected fields, and a combined ers-from I,366 to 5,ooo-or one and systematic effort to reach classes to every 10,000 of the people. An in that Empire. It is important to urgent call also comes for a Union note that while the population of the ·Christian University, and a federation islands (not including Korea and of the Christian schools already es- Formosa) is 51,287,091, four-fifths tablished. are living in rural communities, and 96 per cent. of these are as yet un- japan is not yet adequately occutouched by direct Christian influences. pied for Christ. The doors are wide open, the hearts of men are pre- There is a general spirit of coopera- pared as never before, the people and tion among Protestant Christian work- the Government alike are confessing ers in Japan, and in country districts their need of a new moral basis that there is little overlapping or duplica- the old religions do not supply, and tion of effort. While only one-fifth are tacitly if not openly looking to of the· population live in cities three- Christianity to furnish this basis. fifths of the missionary force is now N ow is the accepted time for Japan. located in eight of the large cities. THE BAPTIST PROGRAM The classes among the Japanese most neglected are the agriculturists, A NOTABLE series of meetings of merchants, coolies, military and naval forces, priests, nobility, prisoners, Baptists was held in Boston, geisha girls and prostitutes. when over three thousand represen- tatives came to celebrate the one The plans now under consideration, hundredth Anniversary of the Amerior in process of promotion include can Baptist Mission, and for the an increase of Christian missionaries; Annual Northern Baptist Convena division of unoccupied territory; tion (June I7-25). Among other an effort to increase the number and steps taken for an advance movement efficiency of Japanese Christian work- was the appointment of a strong ers; eminent Christian speakers from United Missionary Campaign Comabroad to cond~ct meetings and con- mittee, with Rev. Emory W. Hunt, ferences for the deepening of Spir~ D.D., as Chairman, to conduct an tual life, and a three-years' united extensive and comprehensive camevangelistic campaign to reach all paign: (1) To recover lapsed memclasses and communities (this be-

bers and win others to Christ; (2) missions is a marked sign of the To study the social needs of the times. various committees and make an effort to meet them; (3) for the AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES AND missionary education of the whole church. MISSIONS The American Baptist Foreign COLLEGES and universities were Mission Society appropriately cele- .J originally founded to train Chrisbrated the centenary by electing as Honorary President for life the Rev. tian scholars and ministers, and the Edward L. Judson, D.D., son of the mlssIOnary enterprise has always famous pioneer American Baptist drawn on them for a majority of the missionary. missionaries sent out. To-day, how- ever, the relationship is even more According to the reports given at vital. The movement among the unithe Convention the Baptists are doing versities toward direct representation a "billion dollar business." Their on the mission field, sometimes acting church property is valued at $167,- through the boards, and sometimes in- 000,000, and the current expenses dependently, is a comparatively recent annually amount to over $20,000,080. development, and is steadily growing. There are now seven hundred Bap- The first in the field was the British tist missionaries of the Foreign Mis- Universities Mission of Central Afsion Society on the field, and the rica. Princeton both mans and financontributions have increased from ces the Y. M. C. A. work in Peking, $1,000 of one hundred years ago to and to-day the Princeton building is over $r,ooo,ooo during the past year. the most imposing modern edifice _in In one hundred years about 330,000 Peking. Harvard men have made converts have been gathered from themselves responsible for the upheathenism. Baptism in European building of a medical school at Shangstations brings the number up to hai, now a noteworthy and widely 585,000. 60 per cent. of the native known institution. The University of mission churches are now self-sup- Pennsylvania's work is of the same porting. kind, til1 recently at Canton, now to be carried on elsewhere. Oberlin, some During the coming century the ten years ago, undertook a work in Baptists propose to emphasize the the province of Shansi, where Oberdevelopment of native churches and lin missionaries perished in the Boxer leaders on the mission fields. insurrection, and where Oberlin now is in charge of educational work The Baptist Home Mission Society through all grades in a large district. plans in future to cooperate more Dartmouth men have raised sufficient ~losely with state conventions, and funds to support a Dartmouth reprewith city mission sodeties. Two sentative in the High School at Margreat problems are the foreigners din, Turkey, and are sending out Mr. settled in New England, and the Edward J ahn, a direct descendant of supply of pastors for churches speak- the founder of Dartmouth. Yale ing foreign languages. men have a mission in Hunan, at Changsha, in the heart of China, for The increase in missionary states- "Ya-Li" opened as a col1egiate school manship, both in home and foreign

in 1906; a hospital and dispensary GERMAN UNION IN CAPE COLONY was started in 1968. The University FOR o.01'lle time overtures have of Michigan has also undertaken the been made among the three support of a medical mission in Ara- German miSSIOn SOCieties, Berlin, bia, and other colleges and universi- Barmen .and Brudergemeinde, in the ties are linking up to this forward western part of Cape Colony, seek- Christian movement. The reflex in- ing closer union. These overtures fluence on college men is helping to were furthered through a conference develop them in character and prac- of the superintendent of the three tical Christian service. societies at the Berlin Station, River- MISSIONARY CONFERENCES FOR dale (December 9-I1). The super- TEACHERS intendents found that the three so- cieties desired not only to work N various parts of the world, the together, but entire church union. ] student movement is paying special It was resolved to form a committee attention to a class of professional students who have hitherto had little of six, who would work out the consideration, namely, those prepar- necessary plans. The proposals of ing to be teachers. The British this comm.ittee are then to be pre- Student Movement, in addition to the sented to the several conferences for two general summer conferences, has approval. If possible, a general conheld for the first time a special con- ference Qf all missionaries of the ference for students in Normal Col- three societies is to be called in 1915. leges, i.e., for those who are pre- One great need is a union school paring to teach in elementary schools. for the education of native helpers This is designed to help them in and preachers. The Seminary of the their preparation for their life-work Brudergemeinde in Gnadenthal has by raising their ideals concerning been considered for this purpose. their profession, by helping them The publication of a union weekly with some of their special problems, such as the teaching of Scripture, and paper is also planned, to be printed by bringing them the spiritual help in Gnadenthal, and edited by miswhich it is the aim of the Summer sionary Marx of the Bruderge- meinde, and by the Rhenish mission- Conferences to give to the students ary Holzapfel. A new union hymll who attend. In Ceylon also a new book is also under consideration.

feature in the student movement this A conference of representatives of year has been a Conference of Chris- the home administrations of the tian Teachers. Teaching hitherto has societies in question, which took been looked upon as a profession place in Berlin in February, heartily only to be entered if the door to law agreed to the proposals of the Cape or medicine or the civil service was Conference.

not open. At this conference those CHINESE PROVERBS who were present realized, many of them for the first time, what a noble "The deeper your cave, the smaller calling is theirs and what opportuni- is your heaven."

ties they have for Christian service "Do no wrong by light and you'll in the classroom and outside. see no devil at night."

ANNTTII–CCHHRRIISSTnIAN EDICTS WERE POSTED IN

The Tokiw a Bridge over the ounter moat of the Castle. The old ediect·board prohibiting Christianity is behind the fence, under cover A Missionary Statesman of Japan GLIMPSES OF THE LIFE AND WORK OF DANIEL CROSBY GREENE BY WM. ELLLIOTT GRI[FFIS, D.DO., LL.RR..DD.

OD works not in one only foreign craft then admitted ~ land and age only, but into the waters of Japan. The offer- ing, on that. day amounted to fifteen G His Holy Spirit moves, dollars. In this company was prob- in all ages and in many ably a young man, Mr. David Greene, who that year began two Im~. j. –e~ ~;, lands, to bring about decades of service as Secretary of one result. N early a the American Board of Commissioncentury ago, a stream of influences etr·s for Foreign Missions. His wife, began to flow out in Japan to meet the granddaughter of Roger Sher- the rill from "far off" America. man, a signer of the Declaration of When these united · they were to Independence, was a daughter of become like the river of Ezekiel's Jeremiah Evarts, also the Board Sec- viissiioonn–aa life-giving stream. retary and its Treasurer during twenty years. On January 7, 1828, at the home of William Ropes in Brookline, To David Greene and his wife Mass.., a little company of Congre- were born twelve children, one of gationalists assembled to pray for whom, Daniel Crosby Greene, saw the the conversion of the world. A light at Roxbury, near Boston, on tiny basket, made in J apan, WWw<J<l~~ February II, 1843. In 1848 the placed on the table to receive the family removed to Westboroo, Massaoffering. It · may have been bought from a sailor on a Dutch ship, the

MMIISSSSIIOONNAARRYY RREEVVIIEEWW OOFF TTHHEE WWOORRLLDD ((SSeepptteemmbbeerr

cchhuusseettttss,, wwhheerree,, aanndd aatt WWiinnddssoorr,, VVeerr– ccoonnffiinneemmeenntt,, hhee sseett uupp aa sscchhooooll ttoo mmoonntt,, yyoouunngg ""CCrroossbbyy"" ssppeenntt tthhee eeaarrllyy wwhhiicchh fflloocckkeedd aaddmmiirriinngg ppuuppiillss.. OOnn yyeeaarrss ooff hhiiss lliiffee.. HHiiss mmootthheerr ddiieedd PPrreessiiddeenntt GGaarrffiieelldd''ss tthheeoorryy aass ttoo iinn 11885500 aanndd hhiiss ffaatthheerr iinn 11886666.. TThhrreeee wwhhaatt ccoonnssttiittuutteess aa uunniivveerrssiittyy**–hheerree yyeeaarrss llaatteerr hhee hhiimmsseellff bbeeccaammee tthhee wwaass oonnee ooff tthhee ggrreeaatteesstt sscchhoooollss eevveerr''

ffiirrsstt mmiissssiioonnaarryy ooff tthhee AAmmeerriiccaann kknnoowwnn oonn aannyy ccoonnttiinneenntt.. IIttss ggrraadduu– BBooaarrdd iinn tthhee EEmmppiirree ooff tthhee RRiissiinngg aatteess,, iinnssppiirreedd aanndd kkiinnddlleedd bbyy tthhee ffiirree Sun. of tthheeiirr mmaasstteerr''ss spirit, created a IInn the meantime, in tthhiiss hermit nnaattiioonn.. LLaatter, they became leading empire, seven' tthhoouussaanndd mmiilleess aawwaayy,, pprriinncceess,, aammbbaassssaaddoorrss,, premiers, mmiinn– was bbreaking the rosy dawn of a isters off state, eminent jurists, and new day. Even then a few far-see- military leaders. There were such ing minds saw that Japan had re- well-known men, as Ito, Kido, trograded by isolating herself from Yamagata, Katsura, and others who the world. It was on a biography of have made and guided the new Japan one of these Japanese "morning stars that has surprized the world.

of the reformation" of 1868, named So it came to pass that, in God's Takano, that Daniel Crosby Greene plan, the two streams of influence spent the last hours of his life, trans- in the East and the West united to lating into English, in 1913, the native form one river for blessing the world.

biography. In the line of spiritual Katsura, mightiest of Dai Nippon's succession to Takano was a scholar modern premiers, and Daniel Crosby named Yoshida Shoin, who after Greene, the "father of the American rowing in a fisherman's boat many mission in Japan," were born within miles in the darkness, stood at mid- four years of each other. After forty night on the deck of Commodore years or more of service on the Perry's ship. To the officer of the same soil, they died at nearly the deck, he could utter but one intelli- same time and within a few miles gible word; "America 1 America 1" of each other. In the world's har- The bosom and sleeves of this pas- vest field, tho with variant methods sionate pilgrim on the road to know- and ideals, they were binding the ledge were stuffed full of paper and selfsame sheaf. Which was the writing materials to take notes of greater? Some, who are well able what he should see in the United to judge, think that the excellency States. of both dignity and power belongs UUnnddeerr tthhee bbaann ooff a government ttoo tthhee mmissionary.

that excluded all aliens and included My oowwnn rremembrances of DDrr.. aanndd all its people in the prison ooff ignor- MMrrss.. GGrreeeennee bbeeggaann aatt 99 AA..MM..,, on annccee,, Yoshida Shain was thus risking Washington's birthday in 1188771I,, at lliiffee aanndd lliimmbb,, bbrraavviinngg ttoorrttuurree aanndd KKoobbee,, wwhheerree,, aass bbrriiddee aanndd ggrroooomm,, ppuunniisshhmmeenntt.. CCoommmmooddoorree PPeerrrryy,, iinn tthheeyy wweerree mmaakkiinngg aa nneeww hhoommee iinn aa hhoonnoorr bboouunndd,, rreemmaannddeedd hhiimm ttoo tthhee ffoouurr–rroooommeedd bbuunnggaallooww.. OOnn mmyy wwaayy aauutthhoorriittiieess,, aanndd hhee wwaass tthhrr~~wwnn iinnttoo ffrroomm TTookkyyoo,, ttoo tthhee wweesstt ccooaasstt,, II pprriissoonn aanndd wwaass aafftteerrwwaarrdd hhaannddeedd ssttoopptt aatt tthhee nneeww sseeaappoorrtt,, tthheenn hhaarrddllyy oovveerr ttoo tthhee aauutthhoorriittiieess ooff hhiiss ccllaann iinn tthhee ffaarr ssoouutthh.. TThheerree,, iinn ddoommiicciilliiaarryy •• AA lloogg ooff wwoooodd.. wwiitthh MMaarrkk HHooppkkiinnss aass tteeaacchheerr aatt oonnee eenndd,, aanndd aa ppuuppiill aatt tthhee ootthheerr..

A MISSIONARY STATESMAN OF

five years old. There was then no tained with which to start the mis- railway or telegraph, milled coin, sioan? N ow emerges a romance of or postage stamp, or indeed hardly missions! That little Japanese basket anything which might suggest the before the praying company at Japan of to-day. Both animate Brookline, in 1828, no doubt redo- and inanimate objects had a strange lent with an "Oriental fragrancy," and medieval, as well as an oriental proved to be in 1869 "a golden vial, look. Within that Christian dwell- ing place, however, it seemed as DANIEL CROSBY GREENE if all the glory and brightness of the western homeland had found full of odors, which are the prayers their focus. My hosts were hos- of the saints." The gifts of coin pitable and charming in manners, dropt into that basket, with the and there was also an aroma of idea of having Japan some day open refinement and high ideals that cap- to the gospel, continued for several tivated one. I recall with what fine years, and amounted to $600. The spirit, yet with true courtesy, this American Board added $600 and put patriot (who had been a soldier in the total, $1,200, out at interest. In the Rhode Island Cavalry during the 1869 this money, with added sums Civil War) defended his country and interest amounted to $4,I04.23, against the cynical diatribes of a enough to pay the passage of the woman who attacked indiscrimin- two pioneer missionaries and to atingly all things American. There, start the mission in Japan. The too, I met a very winsome young original members of the band kept Japanese scholar, Ichikawa, of whom on praying, and one left $500 in her I shall speak again. After two days will for further work. I left Kobe with regret, to dis- appear-by boat up the river and The pioneers sailed, November 4th, . by horseback over the monntains- from San Francisco, on the America, into the great northern Buddhist and after a voyage of twenty-six stronghold, Echizen. For a year the days, sighted Fujiyama and landed Greenes were my nearest Christian at Yokohama. neighbors, tho scores of · leagues away.

On the 13th of July, 1869, after Joseph Neesima had pleaded with Congregationalists to open a mission in his country, the Prudential Com- mittee of the American Board re- commended the Commissioners to begin the work in the Sunrise Land. At Pittsburg, Pa., next year, the proposal was ratified by the Board, and Daniel Crosby Greene and his bride were' chosen to go as ·pioneers.

vVhere was the l11nney to be ob-

They spent the winter at Tokyo months, before Dr. Greene's teacher, and opened services in English for Ichikawa, was seized in the dead the few foreigners in that city of of night and thrown into a hidden a million people. In the spring they prison. Undaunted by the menace decided to settle at Kobe and ar- of death, he confest himself a rived there on March 31, 1870. Christian, and tho the sword did not With the exception of Rev. (after- fall, he died in prison November 25, ward Bishop) C. M. Williams, in 1872. These were the days of brutal Osaka, twenty miles away, the persecution that makes Japan of Greenes were the only missionaries 1914 hang her head in shame. between Yokohama and Nagasaki. Afterward, in discussing this In 1871 no organized Christian matter with the American minister, church yet existed in Japan, tho nine De Long, a rough but noble speci- believers had been privately baptized. men from Nevada, I heard him Some daring young leaders had car- predict the failure of the great ried the boy Mikado to Tokyo and embassy then starting to the Treaty had there set up a new government, Powers and round the world. So whose stability was as yet very un- long as the Japanese practised bar- certain. Over two hundred daimios, barism, the nations would mock at some like independent princes, trav- their claims to b~ reckoned as civil- eled with armed retinues ·and before ized. The embassy heard the' same them the common people prostrated sentiment from Secrct.lfY Hamilton themselves by the roadside. The Fish in vVashington, and every other capital was thronged with two- capital of Christendom. sworded clansmen only too ready to use their murderous weapons. No Through bitter exp:·rience they national army or navy was yet in discovered the fact, and splendidly existence. The Government made did they acknowledge their mistake slight concealment of its hostility and make reparation. en the 19th to the foreign religion. In all the of February, 1872, a~ tho by the cities, towns and. villages, by the waving of a magician's wand, the . ferries and in the market places, Ko-satsu disappeared. The way in there glittered the fresh, black ink which the Tokyo statesman induced of the notice-boards on which were the blood-thirsty Shinto and Bud- renewed the old edicts against "the dhist fanatics to cease their open evil sect called Christian." With my persecution was by saying: "the own eyes I saw bands of native people are already sufficient!yac- Roman Catholic Christians, roped quainted with the matter." To-day together by scores and hundreds, sent only a few of the once terrifying under armed guard to distant moun- wooden edict boards survive in the tain prisons. This spectacle of suf- museums. This persecution of 1~70 fering humanity, in which the tradi- was fairly attributed to the abr,sed tion of the old faith had been kept dogma of Mikadoism. secretly for two centuries, imprest me mightily. Dr. Greene was first of all a scholar, and yet he possest intense I had been in Fukui less than four penetrative sympathy. Throl1ghout his adult life he was a humanist. He

A MISSIONARY STATESMAN OF

attended college at Middlebury and the conservative views melted to- Dartmouth, and studied theology in gether as in dissolving film pictures, Chicago and Andover. Tho satu- and the result was a most successful rated with scholastic theories, he was version, smooth and luminous. yet never frightened by the newer learning that unhorsed many a Besides the classics of the ancient doughty pulpiteer at home and made worlds of thought, Dr. Greene read others juggle with their consciences easily French, German, and Italian, often refreshing his mind by un- A RURAL TOWN IN JAPAN It was :ssuucch towns as this that Dr. Greene visited on his missionary journeys (Notice the fire·bell all the ladder) between pelf and truth. To Daniel shackling it from his own inherited Greene there was no "new," no "old" mental molds and his own vernacutheology, but always eternal truth lar. French helped him in transfreshly apprehended. He could dis- lation to shake off the too strong tinguish between the windmills of influence of the English versionspeculation and the masonry of solid which becomes the snare to so many reasoning. He sat for years with missionary translators. He sought, Hepburn and Brown-men of the as a prospector for gold, and often older day and scholarship-in the waited long for the right, the sutr.anslation of the Holy Scriptures. preme word. He insisted his chil- Without clash, the progressive and dren should know Ccesar and other

classic authors, not only as texts or of Doctor of Divinity, and in later instruments of torture to young years, his own alma 11).ater, Dartminds, but as real history and liter- mouth, conferred the degree of ature. He encouraged his Japanese LL.D. brethren to be familiar with the best currents of the world's thoughts, re- A revelation of Dr. Greene's daily commending Bergson and Eucken. habits of exercise, and one secret of In a word, he belonged to the cos- his vigor, is seen in his celebration mopolitan world of letters and of of the completion of the New Testathe literature that endures beyond ment in Japanese in 1880, when he kingdoms and empires. and Mrs. Greene walked to Yokoska, thirteen miles from Yokohama. After organizing a foreign and a native church at Kobe. the Greenes Dr. Greene's constant and penesettled in Yokohama, in June, 1874, trating sympathy with the people and there the doctor issued an among whom he lived enabled him edition of the Chinese New Testa- to see the Japanese side of things. ment for Japanese readers-a work For over forty years he was the of vast value, especially in that wise and generous interpreter of critical epoch. Japan to the world. Once, on visit- ing a temple, when a native was No educational institution in praying, he led his friends aside America had so vital a hold on mod- until the suppliant's devotions were ern Japan, at its beginning, as Rut- over. He was a true statesman in gers College, and probably none was seeing into the heart of movements in such close touch with the old home that seemed at first to hinder the in Europe. The motto of the college growth of the Kingdom, but which on the Raritan is that of Utrecht often proved dynamos driving' it on the Rhine, in the N etherlands-· toward the goal. Yet Dr. Greene "Sol justitiae illustra," with the addi- was not blind to the faults of the tion of "et _occidentetn))-or, in full, canny islanders. He knew how "Sun of (Divine) Justice, illuminate these people despise flatterers, especialso the West." In 1866, the first ally those who seek thus to gain Japanese students sent to study in their ends. No people excel the America arrived at New Brunswick, Japanese in the discernment of true N. J., the educational capital of the friends. Ben Franklin's story of the Reformed Church in America, and ma~ with "an ax to grind" is as for ;everal years Rutgers was the a household word in Japan, and both focus of the new hegira from the Far the jokes and the subtle wisdom of East, piloted by Verbeck. On the poor Richard are highly enjoyed. other hand, the Rutgers graduates They also have a keen appreciation in Japan, a dozen or more in num- for Abraham Lincoln. ber, from Ballagh, to the last one sent out, have made no mean record; A Christian home is a stedfast Dr. Hamilton W. Mabie, "exchange and easily comprehended argument professor" in 1913, being one of the for Christianity. Into the home of latest witnesses. By Rutgers Mr. Mr. and Mrs. Greene, with its high Greene was honored with the degree ideals, were born five sons and three

A MISSIONARY STATESMAN OF

THE PRESIlYTERIAN CHURCH AT KOBE, DECORATED FOR CHRISTMAS daughters,* yet Mrs. Greene was and keeping alive that strong family ever, in public and private, a noble feeling and loyalty that has prevailed helpmate for her husband. Tho the among us ." dust of father and mother now lies in Blue Hill Cemetery (Aoyama) in The summary of Dr. Greene's life Tokyo, to the children the memory is as follows: of their lives is still ever present. Ten years labor (1869-1879) at Like Milton's deathless book, with Kobe; one year's furlough at home; "life beyond life" this home has, six years in Kyoto at Doshisha Unithrough nearly two generations, by versity, teaching theological students spiritual induction, lifted others to who were unable to read text-books the same lofty level. One of the in English, leading the devotional missionaries of the American Board services, planning the architecture of declared in 1913 that "'Pa Greene' Chapel, Hall and Library, with tour- . . . had much to do with kindling ing and evangelical work in Tamba, (18&:>-1886); furlough in Germany '** The roll of these children reveals their parents' for Mrs. Greene's health, (1887influence: (1) Evarts Boutell,J Professor and Dean 1890); 111 Tokyo (1890-1913). in the University of Illinois; (2) Mary Griffin, During these twenty-three years he widow of GDurles ". Griffin, Champaign, Ill.; (3) was virtually Bishop of the mis- Elizabeth, Champaign, Ill.; (4) Roger Sherman, sion, serving on almost every im- U. S. Consul, Hankow, China; (5) Fannie B., portant committee; was trustee of Hankow, China; (6) Daniel Crosby, M.D., Newton several Christian institutions; was CenterJ, 1M1a:as5ss..; (7) Jerome Davis, General Manager for years editor of the Misssiionlt Nee'l''l11'Ss of the Rockefeller Institute of Research in Nerw York City; (8) Edward F., Judge, Bend, Oregon.

(monthly), and "The Christian true friends, and can they distin- MQvement in Japan" (an annual guish between flattery and service? volume); was the constructive and For an answer count up, not' only inspiring leader in almost every new the memorials erected on the soil, but enterprise, induding the organization also the decorations awarded by the of the missio~ into a j~ridical body Emperor to gospel heralds and true holding real estate under the laws servants of mankind. Attend a fuof Japan; supporter of the School neral, like that of Verbeck's or for Foreign Children in Tokyo, and Greene's, and gather there an antiof the Language 5;chool for the dote for the venom dripping out of training of new missionaries in the the ten thousand fangs of yellow vernacular; President of the Ameri- journals or vote-seeking demagogs. can Peace Society of Japan, etc. He led in urging the native churches to In the audience that overflowed assume self-support, and during his the Ban-cho Church, in Tokyo, Seplast weeks was preparing a plan to tember I7, 19I3, sat or stood nobles, celebrate in Japan the centennial statesmen, philanthropists, business anniversary of peace between the men, pastors, church officers, and two great _English-speaking nations. some of the famous Kumamoto band. Dr. Greene was, materially and For one hour and a half they respiritually, a wise master-builder. mained, while verbal, written and fragrant offerings poured in from A woman missionary who herself saddened and grateful hearts. The has been a noble and untiring worker Emperor's tribute, the Decoration of in the field during forty years, re- tne Third Order of the Rising Sun, called, at Dr. Greene's graveside, her told how, from peasant to sovereign, own folly of 1869 at Andover. In all Japan felt the loss. Christian the Old South Church, "a young unity was finely illustrated by the man was pointed out to her as a Mr. presence of speakers and auditors of Greene, who was going to the many denominations. then almost unknown country of . Let us say, of the life thus ended, Japan." She acknowledged that she what is told of the best native sensaid to herself, "How foolish to give tence-poems-"The words stop, but up country, friends, and life In tne thought goes on." Treasured up America for Japan." Three years to "a life beyond life" -is the volume. later, as a missionary's bride, she closed on earth. His race is run, was welcomed into the home of Dr. but it behooves us to take up the and Mrs. Greene in Yokohama. torch that has been relighted at the waning flame. Do Japanese rightly appraise good work and unselfish effort for the up- "Looking unto Jesus, the author and lift of mankind? Do they know finisher of our faith."

Japanese

Campaign BY REV. S. H. WAINWRIGHT, M.D., D.D. Executive Secretary of the Christian Literary Society of Japan Dr. John R. Mott, in sending us this letter for publication, says: "The three years' evangelistic campaign which has recently been inaugurated in Japan and in which all the missions are united, is a result of the Conferences held in Japan last year by the Continuation Committee. This letter throws interesting sidelights on what is now transpiring in nearly all parts of Japan as a result of this carefully planned and wisely led effort. This campaign is the best illustration with which I am familiar of the leaders of all the churches uniting in an effort to proclaim Christ to all the people of a large nation within a measurably short period of time."

N May 15th, I left dining sun. It seemed that I was traveling, not toward the old military IOi Tokyo by express train castle at Takahashi on the top of for the Okayama Pre- the highest summit, but to some fecture, a district rich enchanted region with golden castles ~ in agriculture and of which the Japanese dream. To manufacture in central what passions and struggles in the west Japan. A week had been set internal history of feudal Japan apart by the Committee of the West- these castles throughout the country ern Section for meetings in Okay'ama bear witness! Not only so, the and auxiliary cities, as a part of the patient toil of a subject popUlation National Evangelistic Campaign. A has left here a monument to itself. number of speakers, lay and clerical. What a gigantic task to bring such had been drafted into the service, massive stones from a distance ..and two of whom were assigned to each chisel them into suitable forms, and public meeting. before the days of modern machinery to raise them to their place in the Service at Takahashi castle walls on the tops of high mountains! The Takahashi castle is Leaving the main line of railway on the crest of a mountain three at Okayama, I passed through Inari, thousand feet above the level of the an important center of superstitious sea, a castle in the air, an impregworship, and reached Tatai, where I nable fortress reached only through took a jinrikisha and followed the the winding approach along the winding course of the Takahashi Takahashi Valley. Stone slabs along River along a picturesque road, be- the wayside bearing the inscription tween high mountains and by the side "God of the Land," monuments to of a clear stream, flowing over a bed the . noteworthy. dead, shrines and of gray pebbles. As evening drew temples, and thatched cottages, in on, the valley ahead became lustrous which could be heard and seen the with a silver mist and the crest of domestic looms weaving matting for the mountains glowed with a fringe of light from the rays of the de-

the export tracie, added quaintness With Professor Hino in Kasaoka to the scenes. From Okayama I went to Kasaoka, About three miles this side of an important city by the shore of Takahashi, the pastor and one of the Inland sea, and on the main the official members were waiting to railway line. Here the official memmeet Professor 'Koyama and myself, bers met us at the station. Profesand a little further on six or seven sor Hino, of the Doshisha, was with members were stationed to give us a me to speak, and again the church welcome to their community. No was filled; all listened until eleven sooner were we seated on the floor in o'clock without showing the least a good Japanese home, than other bit of weariness. In the audience members of the church (Congrega- were Buddhist priests drest in tional) called and extended to us a their characteristic robes, and many cordial greeting. The bustle at the of the prominent people of the comchurch when we entered made still munity. One who had resided in more certain the favorableness of America spoke with pride of having our opportunity. The church build- heard D. L. Moody and Lyman ing was filled by eight o'clock, and Abbott. about seventy-five boys sat in front on the floor. Every seat was occu- The Salvation Army, the Methopied· below and in the gallery, while dists and Congregationalists had men were standing at the back of united for the meetings at Kasaoka. the room and outside every window. Enjoying a good degree of popu- When the second message had been larity among the Japanese, the Saldelivered, it was a quarter to eleven vation Army is extending its work 0'clock, and yet all remained. No into the interior, and, without the one seemed to be wearied or inclined ordinances, is assuming the form of to hurry away. an ecclesiastical body or church. I asked the young officer, a Japanese, I remained over for the service the if the ordinances were administered next morning at eleven o'clock, i.t to those who united with them. He being the Sabbath, and spoke to a replied that they had nothing but a good-sized congregation on the "swearing in" ceremony. The preachtheme of "The Cross." On the plat- ing service was most effective, and form there lay a rough stone, the much enthusiasm was felt by the size of a man's head, into which had local Christians for the cause. The been chiseled in Japanese "Stone of results of the meetings can not be Persecution." In the foundation of fully known, as the net was not cast, the building similar stones had been the plan being to foIlow up the work laid, gathered up after an attack on with personal visitation. the first preaching place in that community which had been de- Madam Hiraoka at Tsuyama molished with these stones. Now, leading men in the community are On the 18th I returned to Okamembers of the congregation, and yama and took a light railway to enjoy in peace the word which at Tsuyama, a castle town in the hills first they received in much affliction. on a high plateau. Madam Hiraoka with her valet was on the same train,

JAPANESE EVANGELISTIC

and was to be my co-worker in the seated. The sobs of women could meetings at Tsuyama. She is a be heard in the audience, and the daughter of the Mitsui family, one men sat with bowed heads, as prayer of the wealthiest in Japan, and best after prayer, such as are fashioned by known in industrial circles. She her- the Spirit, went up to God for those self is very wealthy and has large present, for the community, and for investments. She was converted two the nation. and a half years ago, at the age of sixty-one. She wore foreign attire, Madam Hiraoka has a message on including a foreign hat, spoke a little her heart, born of deep convictions, broken English, and proved to be a She proclaimed the failure of the most interesting companion. Six Bushido morality. The corruptions hundred women gathered in the exposed recently were most scandachurch for an afternoon meeting, lOllS in naval circles where Bushido and listened with profound interest was strongest. I recalled while she and attention. to the addresses, especi- was speaking a stupid article written ally to that of Madam Hiraoka. At by the editor of the Hibbert Journal night, she told the mixed audience in praise of Bushido at the close of which filled the church the story of the Russo-Japanese war, entitled, "Is her conversion. It was a beautiful the Moral Supremacy of Christentestimony to Christ, related with dom Threatened?" Another striking sympathy of style-the thankful ex- point in her address at Tsuyama was pression of one who felt she had the warning she sounded that the trifled away time and come near Japanese people were in danger of losing heaven and her own soul. I committing the error that brought have heard no Japanese Christian destruction upon the Jewish nation. speak who had a truer perception of "If we," said Madam Hiraoka, "conthe significance of the word "grace," tinue to regard ollrselves as a pecuthe strictest test of one's understand- liar people and fail to embrace God's ing of the genius of the Christian world religion, the nation can not religion. escape its doom."

Fortunately, I had chosen for my With the Mayor of Kuraahiki theme the Christian' salvation. In the meetings in Japan they insist From Tsuyama we returned to upon having a subject for one's ser- Okayama, and thence took a, train mon, and this and the name of the on the main line to Kurashiki. Here speaker are written on a long strip there are modern factories am! of paper in perpendicular writing wealth, and some of the leading busiand suspended in the front of the ness men and officials are Christians. room where all can read them. At Rev. T. Miyagawa, Chairman of the the close of the meeting the pastor Evangelistic Committee of the Westasked all to retire who wished to do ern Section, and one of the foreso, and others to remain for prayer. most pastors of the nations, was with The solemnity of the moment was me. His preaching was earnest and impressive. Scarcely more than ten courageous. He did not spare the persons left the room. All remained nation's sins, the corruptions recently exposed in the navy, in one of the

greatest Buddhist sects, and in the Chr:st. As a result of the new Household Department. In fact, industrial awakening, materialism has Japanese preaching has undergone a permeated Japanese society and inchange recently in the presence of stitutions, but the prevailing worldnational evils. Hitherto, the preach- !:ness gave no alarm until men saw ers have not been inclined, as Bunyan ~l:-'ecific forms of evil of which it has would say, "To roar against sin." become the fruitful source. The Now, like Savonarola, their cry to question now is, what will give their nation is : "Your sins have ascendency to the spiritual over the made us prophets." The inclination material? Buddhism, like some among Japanese preachers has been forms of Christianity, finds itself too rather to inform the intellect. Now, negative as to primal truths to bethey seek to grip the conscience hy come courageous, positive or vital. relating particular evils to the moral The Christian religion is confronted law. with an opportunity parallel to that of the 'eighties; but it is a changed After service, _I accepted an in- opportunity. Then, Christianity was vitation to spend the night with the sought as a good thing; now its Mayor of the city, Mr. Kimura. His acceptance is felt by many to be a residence is an elegant Japanese necessity to save the nation. Yashiki, laid out in the style prevailing in feudal days. But within we The Church at Takaya found the atmosphere of Christian devotion. The family is large, with Once more I left the main line not less than ten children, an extra- of railway and traveled into the ordinary number in Japan. The next mountains to one of the remoter morning I found poached eggs on the table for breakfast, besides other districts. Takaya is what the Japandishes that gave evidence of some knowledge of American cooking. ese call a "noson," namely, an agri- Mrs. 'Kimura's younger -brother, she cultural village. Farmers in Japan told me, had been a student at Yale do not live on their several pieces University. After breakfast, which of land, but in village communities_ I ate alone in the presence of my When I reached Takaya by jinrikhost, the Bible was brought by Mrs. isha, the rain was coming down in Kimura for family prayers, and also torrents. We were received kindly a booklet printed by the Scriptu re by the postmaster, in ·whose home we Readers' Union, the plan of which were to be entertained. The official they hac! been following in their daily members soon called and extended a worship. The Mayor I found' to be cordial welcome. Our fellow worker a man of strength and Christian for this occasion was Mr. Kuwata, faith. He is a director in local pastor of a Presbyterian Church in cotton spinning companies. He re- Osaka. Takaya is extremely intermarked that the time has come in esting, because the leading men of Japan when theories and speCUlations the village are Christian, as well as are no longer acceptable from the many of the villagers. A church pulpit; they need the gospel of costing Yz,ooo ($r,ooo) has recently been built with local funds. There is a bell in the cupola, which was

rung at the church hour, after the related to me by the official members manner of the temple bells. Tho of the church. They took a pride the rain was pouring down, about a in the fact that a village lad had hundred people gathered and listened succeeded in breaking down the until after eleven o'clock to – the traditional prej udices against Chris– gospel messages. tianity, and in bringing into exist- ence a Christian Church. A sur- The story of the founding of this prizing proportion of the members remarkable work is one of the most were persons of mature age. Among beautiful in the annals· of Japanese those who called on us were four or Christianity. A young man named five aged women. I asked them how Okamoto went from the village to old they were when they were con- Kobe, and was baptized there in the verted to Christianity. One replied Tamon Church. At the baptismal that she was fifty-five, another was service he fainted, no one knowing sixty-one, and a third was sixty-two. why. He returned to his village In the congregation a dozen or more prompted by a burning desire to women of this age had their Bibles bring a knowledge of Christ to the and hymn-books, and were recent valley of which Takaya was the agri- recruits to the cause- of Christ. cultural center. He met with stubborn intolerance, and could only My visit to this country community gather to himself the children of the only served to deepen my conviction street, whom he loved into loyal that the conquest of rural and agriobedience to his own leadership. To cultural Japan for Christ and the the top of the hill near the village Church is the supreme obligation of he resorted daily for prayer. Look- the hour in this country. ing over the fields and cottages below. he poured out his soul to God for At Okayama the conversion of his people. He attended the Kwansei Gakuin, wh~re Our last appointment was at Okahe sat in my class-room and that of yama, this ti.me at the Methodist the other members of the faculty, preaching 121~ce. Meetings had been but little did we know of the mighty held in this city, first in a public passion ruling his soul. He fell ill hall, and afterward in the various and died, and his body was carried denominational preaching places. Rev. back to the village and buried in T. Kugimiya, Pastor of the West the cemetery. His life seemed to Meth~dist Church in Osaka, was my take hold of the leaders of the village yoke fellow, and Rev. G. Akazawa in a peculiar manner. First one of Kobe followed with a most earnthen another among those who had est exhortation, and again at the come in contact with him became a night service preaching continued Christian, until now Takaya promises until eleven o'clock. A number of to be the first Christian village in hands were raised for prayer. the Empire of Japan. I had not been seated in the home of the post- Apart from the unspeakable satismaster but a few minutes when the faction we felt in being able to prostory of this young man's life was claim Christ, certain impressions sank deep into our minds, as a result of the week's campaign. We felt, for

example, that the hour called for a re-election would have been easy, he larger conception of the opportuni- chose to take the field as a lay ties for preaching, and that this op- preacher, and now devotes his time portunity was greatest in the country to the spread of the gospel among towns. We felt that a new epoch his people. Mr. Tateishi wrote :: in Japatlese preaching was at hand and that the need of redemption for Tsuyama, May 25, 1914. the nation now recognized was lead- Vc wish to extend to you our greatest ing to a firmer grasp of the truth thanks for your valuable help at the time of Christ's person and to a truer of the religious campaign throughout the apprehension of His power. Empire. Despite the great distance, you were pleased to come to such a remote After returning home, numerous place and help us in the great evangelical letters came from the churches visit- movement. We were able to see larger ed, expressing appreciation of the audiences in the different places than we services rendered, in due Japanese had expected. We are, therefore, exstyle. One of these may be of pecting to reap a great harvest in the general interest. It bears the sig- future. VI/e can assure you that every nature of Hon. Chimata Tateishi, a person in this district is very much redescendent of Shinran, the founder joiced to attribute all this happy prospect of the largest Buddhist sect in Japan. for the future to the earnest efforts of the Mrr.. Tatcishi was a member of Par- preachers who came here to help us in liament for many years. Tho his the great attempt. We shall be much obliged if you will spare some of your thoughts for us and remember us in the time of your prayer.

A SAMPLE OF ONE OF THRl: MANY CHRISTIAN JAPANESE CHURCHES IN JAPAN

u N I T E D s T AT

G uL F oF ME xI ao o o o MEXICO 50 100 800 Onlll Mission Statlone ehown DTawn for THE MISSIOlfAllY REVIEW O~ THB WORLD PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN MEXICO (BEFORE THE HUERTA REVOLUTION) (See statistics and key on the other side)

SOCIETIES I IWORKERS ITHEWORKESTABLISHEDj

AT WORK For'n Native -Chur. rH.Sch. T.Sch. I State and Pop. Station DIVISION * ——–~—–~——-. 1. Aquascalientes Aquascalientes Baptist (North) (119,000 pop.) Aquascalientes Presbyterian (N.) Baptist 2.Campeche —' None None Presbyterian (N.) 2 –:;-~(8",,6-:-=,O:,:0:-:,0)'–_ _ _'I~—c'–_ _ _ __ B'-a-p"'ti,.-st,-;("N'o-r-t"'h")—- –0– – – 1 – –0— –0— –6– Presbyterian (N.) 3. Chiapas Tuxtla 3 (437,000) 3 —c–o Congregational TChihuahu,.—– -Chihuahua Congre/iational —4- —3- 4 I3 (405,000) Chihuahua Method.st (South) 5 3 oIG. 0 0 Chihuahua Episcopal 0 1 o1 Chihuahua Baptist (South) 2 0 o oIG. 0 Juares Baptist (South) 0 2 0 I 0- – -S18. Rosalia Baptist ( Soutlr) 4l' 1 () Parral Conjfregatlonal 2 3 5 IG. – 10 – 5 – ~-6- -4- –1– 5. Coahuila _Piedras Negras Disciples Disciples 5 (367,000) Sabinas Disciples 1 8 o4 o1 0 Sabinas Baptist (North) 0 1 0 Saltillo Baptist (South) o 4 0 IG. 0 Saltillo Disciples 0 0 Saltillo Methodist (South) 3 1 1 0 2 1 IG. 0 Saltillo Presbyterian (N.) 3 6 o7 oIG. 0 Torrean Baptist (South) 4 0 1 Torrean Metho",st (Soutb) I 1 2 oo 0 1 hNT~oo'rr:e:na,n-:":e=—-1 Episcopal ___0__ _ _ _ 0_ _ -0- 4l None 0 0 – 0 – – – – 0 – l'.!etbo:.:d=is::.:t=-______-;;;6 LC6.—'-CO:o"Ji=m:::a-'("77","0"'00"');- 7. Durango – – – Durango Baptist (South) —2- -0- o o o Baptis~ '1 o 8 (436,000) Durango Methodist (South) 5 .. 5 1 o1 Methodist "8-.-;G"u:-::ac'n:::a",juac'::-:-t-o'– Guanaji.t~ –2- Methodist (NorthY- 4 -1-3– ~4- o (1,075,000) Leon Baptist (South) 3 0 2 preSbyterian-(N-.)- –1- '11– ~4- – – 0 – 0 Presbyterian (N.), 9 r-Guerrero— Chilpanango o o (605,437) Chilpanango Episcopal 0 1 –2- 0 0 -1"M"e"Cth"-o'd""'is-:-t—-..,.—;nl0 Methodist (S.) W:-Hidalgo '1'ula –2- –2- – – – — – 0 (642,000) Pachuca Methodist (North) 5 15 5 1 0 1[Jalisco Guadalajara— -Methodist (South)– —5– —9- -I-I- –Ie;:- 0 Methodist 11 (l,202,OOO) o 0 Guadalajara Adventist 2 1 I 12. Lower Calif. (52.000) Guadalajara Congregational 6 2 5 2 1 Guadalajara Baptist (South) 2 0 Guadalajara Ep.scopal 2 1 3 oIG. 0 2 None None 0 – – 0 – ~O- – – 0 – 01- Congregational 12 13. Mexico Toluca Baptist (South) —5- —0– —-4– —1–' —-1- =Ba_p_t-i,.s-,t________-.1-3;- (975,000) 4 0 0_ Toluca Ep.scopal 1 0 14. Federal Dist. Mexico qty -Baptist (North) –4- -15- -5– -1- —0 1 Baptist (719,000) 14 Mexico CIty Adventist 10 7 1 0 0 Mexico City Methodist (North) 13 19 6 2 0 Methodist Mexico City Methodist (South) 'J 12 15 1 0 Mexico City Presbyterian (N.) 6 37 7 1 1 =Pr=es-b-y-t;e=ri_a_n_(_N__.)__.., 4 2 5 IG. '15'.":r,"Hc::c'h=oa=-c-a"'n—–I'MMcer'x-0ic-roe"C'l,i;-tiya-'-=—1 Episcop,!l 2 —6- –0- —-00- Methodist 15 Baptist (South) —-0– >7-i(.99.::1=,:;-O::00:-,),–____Zitacua.~_____ j'resbyt,erian (N.) __5____3__ lOx -~ 0 0 0 16. ¥,orelos Morelos (?) Epis.copal' 1 – 0 – –0- -0- Presbyterian (N.) 16 (180,000) ~lI"or::eo;;—­ Monterey !369,OOO) Monterer Eapt,ist (N.) 1 10 – – 3- – – 0- –1- Baptist 17 Adventist 2 1 l Monterey 0 0 Discip!es 7 11 5 1 () Monterey Mefuodiat (South) 4 9 Monterey 810 Episcopal 1 0 1 () 0 Linares Linares Presbyterian (5.) 4 10 4 0 6 Presbyterian (S.) Baptist (North) 0 1 Monte Morelos Pres~yterian (5.) 000 1 10 "'IS".-CO"'a-x, '-a-~a—-~ Oaxaca Baptist (North)~ 1 1 0 EpIscopal –0- –1- -0–0—0- Pr~byterian (N.r 18 (l,04l,OOO) Oaxaca 1 0 1 0 0 Oaxaca – – a – Methodist (North)0 6 400 19. Puebla Methodist (North)– ~13- 2 3 –4- (1;092,000) Puebla ~f' Methodist 19 Puebla Baptist (North) 3 3 2 {) 0 Puebla Ep.scopal 1 0 ~ethodis:Ot'("'NT:o"'r:;:;thc;)c–i -~O"- ~9– – -1T 0 0 20. Queretaro —0- – —0- Methodist (243,Q)O) Queretaro 20 21. S. Luis Potosi S. L. Pptosi Methodist (South) – – 4 – '-s~ –3- —2—-·1-I,.M.~e~th~0~d~is~t——-".21 (624,000) S. L. Polosi Adventist 3 2 6 ooo 0 22. SinalQa S. L. potosi Baptist (North) 0 1 0 6 (323,0,00) 5. L. Pptosi Presbyterian (N.) 0 11 6 IG. 0 ~MM~a::a':zt'e:::hat~ula=anclc,a' – – – – – Friends 3 –18 ~ 5 –0- Fri~nds —2– –60 – -'M:-;-Oet"h-o'd"is-:-t'("S-ou-t"'h')—1—-;Ic– Met"odist 22 Congregational Guayama~ Baptist (South) —3—~ —0– 1(['–0- Congregational 23 7 Presbyt"riill 24 o Hermosillo 5 7 Guayamaa Methodist (South) 0 1 0 –0- o (N.r NN:~ao:c:o':zn:a'r:i:e=:"::""—–I Congregational 3 4 o 0 0 24 Tabascll ' EN~poi:s:cno-:pea–l "-'-'———–I—1"O– 0 –0- –0- (262,000) –0- 25. Tamalllit>as' 'Matamoros P~esbyterian (S.) –4- –13 -S– '–TIr -'O,I'P"r"'e'sb-y-:-t:::-er7ia-n""''''(S·.')-;'·-:2''''S (249,QOO) Matamoros Friends Victoria Friends 4 Ig5 1 gfG. J0 Victoria Presbyterian (5.) ~ ~ Frie!1ds Tampico Episcopal o1 0 0 0 0 Tampico Raptist (North) 1 0 0 0 26. Tepic (171,000) None None – – 0 – – – 0 – – – 0 – – – 0 – —0- Metliodist '..' 26 27. Tlaxcala — – ·T"'I'a-x-ca'I"a——-I·M~et;oh-o–;d;;-is–;t"C("N"'o-r–;t'h')­ – 0 – —2- – – 0 – – – 0 – –0– 'M"'e–:th"-od~i'-st-:——;2"'7 (183,000) 28. Vera Cruz Jalapa Presbyterian (N-.)- –0- –1-7- —9- – – 1 – '—0;.-I-';P;::re:::-s"b-y-:-te:-:r"'ia-n-;C(N~.)c-"'2-;8 (1,124,000) Jalapa Episcopal 1 0 Orizaba 1 0 0 29. Yucatan Mindo Methodist (N.) 2 4 2 0 0 (337,000) Presbyterian (N~)- ' – 0 – – – 0 – 0 Presbyterian (N.) 29 -0- –0- W:-Zacatecas Zacatecas Presbyterian (N~ —0- -1-1- —6- —0- —0– ";B"a:::-p"Ct"'is–;t———=-:30 (475,000) *After peace is established, a division of territory is proposed by the societies that met in conference. NOTE.-The American Bibl" Society has a number of colpor teurs in Mexico, and these travel and distribute Scriptures in many unoccupied fields. The Pentecostal Mission an d the Brethren also have had a work in several stations.

The Y. M. C. A. has branches in Mexico City, Chihuahua, and Mont.".ey. The Protestant Episcopal Church, the Adventists, and some others have not seen their way to ernter into the plans for a division of territory tho they met in the general conference.-EDITOR. •

METHODS-THE LARGEST COTTON MILL IN

After the Revolution in Mexico BY REV. JOHN W. BUTLER, D.D., MEXICO CITY Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church (N ~rth) ~· EXICO is " a magnifi- account her boundless agricultural products and her immense industrial ' cent land, abounding resources, we will readily grant the 11 in resources of all claim so often repeated that Mexico could easily maintain from four to kinds-a land where five times her present population, and that all could prosper and be happy, EI~ none ought to be poor while many would be rich, and, as and where misery Lempriere puts it, "there need he ought to be unknown." So says the no poor." eminent French traveler and writer Lempriere. The first part of his But how lamentably far off the statement is certainly correct. Official country is from such a happy state statistics for 1913 give Mexico's im- of things! When Senor Emeterio de ports at $97.495,000 and her exports La Garza, Jrr.., recently issued a call at $149,602,000, leaving, therefore, a for a peace congress in his native favor balance of over fifty miIlion land, he . said "the Church and the doIJars. Cecil Rhodes, not only of Government have made of the Mexi- African but of world-wide reputation, can people a people of paupers, a said some years ago that in the future fold of beggars. The Mexican is the world will look to Mexico, as to obliged to live in misery and to die no other country, for its supply of of hunger." Many will say that the gold, silver, and copper-and he cause of this lamentable state of might have added for its oil and things is to be found in the many rubber, its coal and iron. If, in addition to all this, we take into

revolutions which have afflicted the Some of the evidences of Rome's country now for over a century. This failure are evidenced by the follow- ing facts: is only part of the truth, for badk of this oft-recurring disturbance lies (I) The Bible has always been and still is a prohibited book in another, the real cause. Mr. de la Mexico. If now and then it 15 Garza correctly lays part of the found on sale it is at a price ;;0 blame at the doors of the hiStoric exorbitant and unreasonable as to church. The Government even in be beyond the reach of the common these latter years has been the crea- people. The only edition of the tion of the Church, for the Church Bible ever printed in Mexico was made the men and the people that have made up the Government. offered to the public at $150 a copy. During the period of Spanish rule, which lasted three hundred years, vVe have known cases where the the viceroy and the archbishop were Bible distributed or sold by the twin rulers, and when a viceroy died American Bible Society has been or was removed the archbishop held forcibly taken from people by the the reins of government until a new priest and recently one was burned appointee came from Spain. So the on the streets of the third largest city Church has exercised the dominant in the country. influence and has made the people what they are, whether as rulers or (2) In every church of Mexico private citizens. All through the there are many representations of a centuries she has been on the 'side dead Christ, but we hear almost of the rich as against the poor, nothing about a living Christ. with the oppressor as against the opprest. The people at large in (3) Indulgences are still sold pub" Mexico have never had an oppor- licly in many churches, even in the tunity, and are more to be pitied than capital city of the country. Sacrato be blamed for a situation not to ments have their tariff, and the contheir liking. Most of us forget that fessional lays its heavy price on the Mexico is at a great disadvantage in offending penitent. These things arc being judged from the standpoint of all cilrried to such excess as to a superior civilization. Whatever justify the charge that one frequently may be our own opinion concerning hears, "it is a religion of money." late movements in Mexico, we can not be blind to the fact that the (4) In some rural churches are lamentable failure of the historic still found, on so-called Christian church to meet its responsibility to altars, the wood and stone idols of the millions of those unhappy people, pre-colonial times, the only change through the four hundred years of being the substitution of the name its dominant influence (three-fourths of Roman Catholic saint for an of the time absolute), has created Indian name. the very conditions that have made possible the deplorable events now (5) The ancient idolatrous and passing on to the pages of history. superstiti6us feasts of the Indians are still mixed with services author-. ized by the Church, as may be seen at Guadalupe, Ixtapalapa, Amecam- eca and like places. Sometimes at these feasts drunkenness is added to

THE REVOLUTION IN

idolatry and superstition, to such an on a rational wage. In their miserextent as to lead one to believe that able little huts they are often herded such occasions are as offensive to like cattle, sleeping on the cold or Almighty God as like occasions are damp earth with sanitary conditions in Madura or Benares. entirely disregarded. Many of the people are· no better off than they (6) Illiteracy and immorality are were four hundred years ago. more the rule than the exception. Official statistics give 80 per cent. of If this doleful picture is the best the people as unable to read or that the Roman Catholic Church can write, while 30 per cent. of the births present to the world after four cen- ANCIENT METHODS-THE ABRAH.MIO PLOW STILL IN USE IN MEXICO are illegitimate, tho many births are turies of opportunity, is it not clear never registered. that her failure makes an eloquent and irresistible argument as to the (7) The almost universal desecra- need for another church to uplift the tion o·f the Sabbath with bull- fights, poor in the spirit of self-sacrificing cock pits, open gambling, horse love, and see to it that they have a racing; debauchery and other objec- chance for betterment along the lines tionable things reminds one of the of social, educational and religious terrible conditions in England just advancement? This is especially before the reformation of the eigh- true since many of the Roman teenth century. Catholic clergy of to-day are not only participants in all the above fail- (8) The degradation and squalor ings but are too often actual abettors of the people, living in mud huts, in each and everyone off. them. without the ordinary comforts of life, and compelled to support their fami- IS it any wonder that the revolies on a mere charity rather than

lution breaks out once in awhile or holders too often treat the peons that the pent-up feelings of an op- who till their land and contribute to prest people should cry out against their fortune as mere serfs, for whose their wrongs? Did not our own betterment they have little or no nation do so in 1776 as they pledged concern. In any case the land prob- to each other "life, fortune and lem is most vital and is one that sacred honor" that they might prove can not be satisfactorily adjusted by to the world that "all men are the mere ipse dixit of any govern- created equal?" Did not our fore- ment in Mexico or by the hasty fathers do so in 1640 and 1688 till action of any intervening govern- that grand _lI1agna Charta was ment, however lofty and sincere its rescued from the battle-field of four purpose. hundred years and was made the constitution of a free and liberty Different administrations in Mexi- loving people, "a model for all the co have promised much relief in the other free constitutions of the past, but have accomplished little. world?" Too often they have been accused of encouraging the greed and avarice Ve learned the lesson from .our of the rich hacendados. The revolu- English forefathers and set the tion of I910 lost much of its influ– example to Mexico and to all Latin ence from the fact that some of its America-an example of which we leaders, after gaining power, appearhave never been ashamed. However ed unable to hasten promised re- regretable some of the methods used forms, and much kss were, they in Mexico, many of which had their ready to divide up their own great parallels in those English revolu- estates. Yet the cry along this line tions, we should not. forget that the has not been in vain. The opprest goal they seek is freedom and multitudes are awake to their rights righteousness for an opprest people. as never before, and if the recent enactment of the National Congress. The agrarian problem, about which proposes a land tax,. light on ,which we hear so much in these the poor and heavy on the rich, days, is not only a most serious one, shall become effective, it will be the but is a problem that must be ad- greatest boon for the masses as well justed before permanent and lasting as a natural source of large revenue peace will come to Mexico. There for the Government itself. The Reare· at least three phases to this public. also inherited from the Spanquestion. There is the communal ish regime the non-participation of system which obtains in some parts the natives in government affairs, and of the country, and the arbitrary this inheritance has never been effectand cruel infringement on the rights ively repudiated. The exceptions of the indigeneous peoples who have have thus far failed to establish the small fioldings. There are also the rule, hence the cry of the recent immense estates of the few rich who revolution in favor of effective sufpay no land tax and yet so often frage. It is true that these two evils prey upon their poor neighbors who as well as others which might be inherited their small holdings from mentioned wait on g')vernmental their ancestors. These rich land

THE REVOLUTION IN MEXICO

action, but, the historic Omrch made ardent admirers, would claim that the people what they are and they every Mexican is thus capable. But in turn have made or submitted, every thoughtful and intelligent stu- through ignorance and meekness, to dent of Mexico's struggles and diffi- the shortcomings of a government culties, as well as of her achieve-.

which has been more in name than in ments during the past hundred years, fact a republic for nigh on to a must admit that if given a· fair hundred years with constantly recur- chance, untramelled by priestcraft, ring outbreaks of the revolution. unfettered by political demagogs, The secular press of the United and unopprest by the rich, the States, which in these days teems Mexicans will give ever-increasing with editorials and contributed examples of their nobility, and will articles on the "one and only cure for prove to the entire world that Mexico Mexico," in some cases takes the can be a happy and prosperous "wrong horn of the dilemma" by nation.

advancing the idea of annexation, and Lecky, in his history of the Scotch, seems to ignore completely the fact says: "The character of large bodies that in addition to other evils this of men depends in the main upon would ultimately mean the addition the circumstances in which they have of some three million illiterate been placed, the laws by which they Roman Catholic voters to an already have been governed, the principles perplexing situation. Such a course they have been taught. When these would thus create a balance of power are changed the character will alter fraught with great danger to our too, and the alteration tho it is own Republic, to say nothing of the very slow, may in the end be ·very possible restitution of many of the deep." The historian might have former ills in the acquired territory. added that the alteration will be less Others mildly suggest education, slow where pure Christianity is a labor, and other things, good, so far cooperating factor.

as they go, but falIing short of the real The revolutionary outbreaks of remedy for the situation. It is here 1810, r837, r857, 1873 and I910 have where we make bold to assert that all resulted in giving the people a Christianity as taught in the New larger perspective and loftier am- Testament and interpreted by Prot- bition, while the Napoleonic and estant churches is the only infallible papal intrigue of I864 failed com- cure for the woes of Mexico. This pletely in its attempt to re-enslave Evangelical Christianity through its the people either to Europe or to the missions and by provoking the his- hierarchy. The Diaz regime intro- toric Church to good works, can duced tremendous material improve- alone bring permanent peace and in- ments and did much to prepare the creasing prosperity to our neighbors way with its excellent normal schools on the south. for the education of the masses.

Another class of American j our- The latest upheaval has given em- nals are asking the question if the phasis to the possibilities of demo- Mexicans are capable of self-govern- cracy. Thus we see the dawning of ment. No one, not even their most a great opportunity unfolding before

the Protestant Church, such as has The new impetus to be given to not appeared since the collapse of educational work is evidenced in the the French Empire in 1867. Then proposal for a Union College for unfortunately our churches did not men and women, a Union Theologi- see their opportunity. Will they see cal School with several churches re- it now? presented in the Faculty, centrally God is calling and caIling loudly and conveniently located normal to Christians to take advantage of schools to serve all the missions. An this opportunity. On the 30th of attempt will also be made to so June and the 1st 0 f July last, in the harmonize the curriculum of all pri- city of Cincinnati, there met together mary and common schools as to lead some seventy-five earnest Christian up to the higher Union schools and men and women to face the facts, and at the same time not to conflict to study the remedy. These men with the program of the government and women represented twelve evan- schools.

geljcal bodies doing work in Mexico· It is also recommended to estab- and included the official representa- lish a Union Publishing House which tives of their Boards as well as will send out one strong organ of missionaries from Mexico. For two Protestantism, a suitable publication days these men and women sat to- for the rising generation, together gether in prayerful consultation about with such tracts and books as con- the best way to make the most of ditions may demand.

the golden opportunity before us. In order to more fuIly measure up To this end such a readjustment of to the opportunity the Protestant the entire territory is recommended churches in the United States are to the Boards as wiII obviate over- asked to increase their forces in the lapping of missionary effort with its field 50 per cent. This wiII enable consequent waste of men and money. us to establish work in every state By bappy agreement all Protestant and not leave out one-third of them Christian churches will henceforth be as at present. But the readjustment calIed by the name Evangelical . of territory and forces as unani- Church, and when necessary the de- mously agreed upon at the Cincinnati nominational name wiII be added in Conference will be equivalent to an- brackets. In the greater work before other 50 per cent. at least, so that llS our differences will be lost sight within six months after the present of and the supreme effort wiII be to political fermentation is ovel Protes- lead meri and women to Christ, rather tantism ought to be worth more than than to any particular branch of His twice as much as it is now worth to church. the Mexican people.

In the window of the American Bible Society in the City of Mexico, there recently hung a large poster on which were the ten commandments in Spanish. The poster has attracted remarkable attention. What would Moses have thought of his law being still a novelty in any part of the world nearly 3,500 years after it was proclaimed-and in a land which claims to be Christian.

1l–''hhoto. copyright by ""NNaavy and Arrmmyy..N"

THE LATE LLXI HUNG CHANG IN HISS OFFICIAL ROBES The Self-Revelation of Li Hung Chang A REVIEW OF THE MEMOIRS OF A CHINESE VICeEERROY BY THE REV. ARTHUR JUDSON BROWN, D.D;., NEW YORK ~T HE world has long and statesman; but many had for- known that Li Hung gotten that he was once a great soldier and until the recent publication Chang, late Viceroy of of his Memoirs,* few realized that Chih-li and G ran d .*. "HMMeemmoirs oft Li Hung Chhaanngg:,,"" edj,ited by Wil- liam '·-Francis Mannix. with an introduction by the . Councillor of the Hoon. Joohn W. Foste r;; published by Houghton, Mifflin Coommlp'aann~~, Bostqon amn4i New YVollr!, Chinese Empire, was alll eminent ·' scholar, administrator

he was also an author, a wit and a his person all these attainments in philosopher. During his long and such an eminent degree as Li Hung e'ventful life ne held a conspicuous Chang. Because of his distinction in position, not only in his native China, all these fields of human activity, but in the public thought of the we should welcome these memoirs, civilized world, and he probably re- extracted from his voluminous diary, ceived larger recognition from west- as a valuable contribution toward ern nations and had a more con- the better understanding of his Char:" spicuous place in newspapers and acter and services. magazines than any other Asiatic of his day. When we remember that It is true that there were vulnerhe spoke no language but his own able places in the life and work of and that he was never outside of Li Hung Chang. While having no China until he was over seventy disposition to defend or extenuate years of age, this is rather a remark- anything that was wrong, it is only able fact. The Hon.:Jonn W; Foster, fair to remember that one's judgformerly American Secretary of ment of such a career must be in- State, had remarkable opportunities fluenced to some extent by'.~!st~~l for personally meeting and estimating perspective. Li Hung Chang' was a the great men of the modern world, thorough Asiatic, not only in nationand' he expresses the opinion in his ality but in temperament, ideals and IntrQdu~tion to this handsome volume methods. It is hardly fair, there~ that Li Hung Chang was not only fore, to apply to his every act those the greatest man the Chinese race criteria which may fairly be applied has produced in modern times, but, to a man who was born and brought in a combination of qualities, the up in a Christian land. He had little most unique personality of the past opportunity to know anything about century among all the nations of the Western civilization except that world. He was distinguished as a form of it which characterized man of letters; as a soldier in im- the diplomatic and commercial reportant campaigns he rendered valu- lations of European nations with able services to his country; as a China, and he can hardly be blamed statesman for thirty years he main- for not having been particularly imtained a recognized preeminence over prest' by what he saw and experihis countrymen in the oldest and enced. Of missionaries and of most populous nation of the earth; Christianity he knew practically and as a diplomat his achievements nothing until rather late in life. In entitle him to a front rank in' the spite of these things, however, he international relations of all history.. manifested on the whole a breadth The last one hundred years have of view and a progressiveness of produced many men of scholarship, spirit which would have made him several great generals, a number of eminent in any land. statesmen of distinguished ability and success, and a few diplomats of high It appears that during his long and rank; but no one of these can be eventful life he was accustomed to singled Qut as having combined in keep a personal diary, and that he wrote voluminously in it, jotting down his impreBsions of men and

SELF-REVELATION OF LI HUNG CHANG 66g

movements, and quite freely express- the tides of modern life. It is ing his mind on an immense range exceedingly interesting to note the and variety of subjects. The editor way in which this veteran Oriental of the memoirs, Mr. William Francis estimated the relentless and inevi- Mannix, says that the Viceroy was table contact of China with western by no means a careful diaryist, that nations, saw the impossibility of his manuscripts were not only China's maintaining the isolation of amazingly long, but that they were former centuries, and used his inleft in several widely separated cities, fluence, altho not always successfully, and that, while the writing was beau- to persuade the Empress Dowager tifully done, the dates and annota- and his countrymen to accept the tions were so confused as to make inevitable and to readjust China to the task of the translator and col- the exigencies of the new era. "In lator extraordinarily difficult. spite of all dislikes," he wrote, "if we truly have the best interests of One reads this volume with wonder China at heart, w,e will no longer and delight. He finds most interest- oppose the coming of the foreigner, ing and piquant observations upon for he is bound to come anyway, historical presentations and events. even if he must ride behind a bayonet There is a chapter upon Li Hung or sit upon the big gun of a war- Chang's relations with the famous ship." General Gordon; there are discussions of war and peace, of litera- Toward Christianity and missionture and philosophy, of science and aries, the attitude of Li Hung Chang religion, of agriculture and opium, changed in a way that was significant of politics and personal habits. A in character and indicative of the flood of light is thrown upon a num- greatness of the man. In the earlier ber of important questions. Five part of his career, he was vehemently chapters are devoted to Li Hung anti-missionary and anti-foreign. He Chang's observations and impression~ shared the popular belief that mis- <luring his tour of Europe and sionaries were "foreign devils," and America in connection with the coro- he cynically blamed Christianity for nation of the Czar of Russia, when the vices and treacheries of white the great Chinese was seventy-five men. "The French hate the Geryears of age, and the salient char- mans, and the Russians kill the Jews, acteristics of the white race have but they are all Christians when they never been more keenly analyzed or come to China!" He refers to the more wittily described. The chapters action of Great Britain in forcing on the Boxer Uprising, the China- opium on the Chinese as one of the Japan War, and the celebrated Em- impediments to the progress of press-Dowager, are also of absorb- Christianity, and he cuttingly reing interest and of large value. marks: "A great nation, a Christian nation above all things,_ has given Whlle Li Hung Chang was a this awful blight to the Middle Kingthorough Chinese, he was too intel- dom. What are our people to think ?" ligent and broad-minded to imagine that it was possible to keep foreign- As the years passed, however, and ers out of China and to beat back he had better opporturrities for

coming into contact with missionaries best for the greatest number of the and for judging the real purposes sufferers to keep their bodies and and character of their work, he was souls together."

large-minded enough to disavow his N or was this merely a perfunctory former prej udice, and to speak of reply to an address of welcome.

missionaries with real respect. We Abundant evidences appear in his read in one place in his diary that diary that it represented the feelings he said of one of his contemporaries, which he entertained during his later Viceroy Tseng-Kofan: "Like my- years. Profoundly significant are the self, he has changed his views exceed- following extracts from his diary of ingly in the past five or six years, February 17, 1886: and is no longer a hater of the "I am more and more convinced Christians." that the Christian religion is not I well remember the great so much hated in itself, but that Viceroy's visit to America in 19Q6, the animosity which is found to a and his address to a delegation which greater or lesser extent throughout called upon him at the Waldorf- China against the 'foreign devils' is Astoria Hotel. In response to an because they are 'foreign.' During address of welcome in behalf of the several years I have given quite missionary boards of America. he careful study and thought to the said: . religion of the West, and I can not "I fully appreciate the philan- see that it is in conflict at all with thropic objects the missionary so- our own philosophy. On the con- cieties have in view. . . . The mis- trary, the teachings of Confucius sionaries have not sought for pecu- and the doctrine of Jesus appear to niary gains at the hands of our be on one exalted plane, conceived people. They have not been secret and promulgated for the betterment emissaries of diplomatic schemes. of all mankind, 'heathen' and Chris- Their labors have no political signifi- tian. I know this, that if my lot in cance, and last but not least, if life were cast in England, France, I might be permitted to add, they or America, I should want to call have not interfered with or usurped myself a Christian, for that is the the rights of the territorial authori- religion of those countries; and a ties. . . . You have started numerous man who would order his life by educational establishments which its tenets would keep out of trouble have served as the best means to and be respected. He would not enable our countrymen to acquire a think of Confucius, because he would fair knowledge of the modern arts have no need for him or his teach- and sciences of the West. As for ings. And it is the same way, re- the material part of our constitution, versed, in China: I have no need for your societies have started hospitals Christ if I will but follow our own and dispensaries to save not only great sage and philosopher. But the souls but also the bodies of our simply because I feel no personal countrymen. I have also to add that call for the Christian religion, -I will in t11e time of famine in some of not therefore oppose it, since I be- the provinces, you have done your lieve that there are thousands, per-

SELF-REVELATION OF LI HUNG

haps millions, in China who would be the visitors) said that all the native somewhat benefited by a knowledge Christians in a little mISSIOn at of Jesus, especially as they trouble Ketuki-the mission that had at first themselves not at all to follow in the sent the delegation to my sick-room ways directed by Confucius. There- with flowers-had talked about me fore, I would sum up the feelings every day since I was there, and had of the more intelligent officials and prayed to the Christian God for my literati to-day-for my own senti- recovery. ments appear to be largely shared by this class in all the eastern province:; "I took the medicines and had my from Canton to the northern Capital two visitors served with the nicest -it is the foreigner who is disliked, kind of boiled chicken, some chicken not because of his religion, but be- tongue on crackers, rice-cakes, and cause he is otherwise feared. He is tea. I wanted them to stay with me feared not at all in this year because for a few days, telling them that I he may be the agent of Jesus Christ would treat them well; but Mr. Sato or a follower of that great man, but said he was already almost sick unto as a possible enemy to the political death to get back home, and that he and industrial independence of the had once or twice nearly turned back, country." especially as his son was so lonely.

The book abounds in "human in- "When they were ready to go I terest." Is there anything in liter- gave them a big bundle of presents ature more touching than the follow- of all kinds for their friends back at ing extract from his diary in his old Ketuki, two hundred taels for the age when his health was feeble: mission, and as much more to re- imburse them for the outlay of the "July 28.-1 can not think that all journey. This last he did not want people are bad, even the worst of the to accept, saying that as he had Christians, for to-day I had an ex- funds sufficient to take him home he perience that makes me think that was fearful that the friends who outside of office and business, out- had sent him might not like it. But side of riches and honors, there are I prevailed upon him to take the small happenings which touch a money. man's heart, and make him feel that humanity is not all iron and gain and "I think this Christianity makes falsehood. For to-day this yamen, poor and lowly people bold and unwhich for twenty~four years had afraid, for before Mr. Sato and his been mine, was the destination of a boy left he wanted to know if they great mission such as never came might pray for me. I said they within the compound before. I nearly could, expecting that he meant when wept to receive them. Two native they got back home again; but he Christians all the way from that said something to the little son, and miserable town in Japan to bring they knelt right there at the door me here medicines for my head, and and said a prayer. I could not keep to see if I was getting better! I my heart from thumping in my wonder if this is because Christianity bosom as I watched that poor rna teaches such things? … Sato (one of and his frightened little boy prayinl', to God-the God that will deal with

me, and with them, and all man- Dynasty heaped extraordinary honors kind-that I might be well of my upon its distinguished subj ect, who, injuries. I was sorry to see them altho a pure Chinese, was loy~l to go. them to the end. If the arrogant "In this old yamen, which for and wilful Empress-Dowager .had twenty odd years was mine, strange been more amenable to her wise and scenes have been enacted, great faithful counselor, it would have councils held, and midnight confer- been better for her and for the ences affecting the whole world have dynasty which she represented. As taken place. I have received royal- it was, after her flight from the ties and dukes, ambassadors, minis- capital to escape the allied armies ters, murderers, robbers and beggars. who relieved the besieged foreigners Men have been sentenced to death and occupied the Imperial City, she from here; others have been made turned to him and besought him to glad with leases of lands, railroad save her the throne, and to extricate c<>ntracts, or the gift of public office. the Government from the ruin which But during each and every occur- threatened it. Li Hung Chang was rence, whatever its nature, I have then a very old man, seventy-eight, been complete master of my house and in feeble health; but he heroically and myself-until an hour ago. Then set himself to the herculean task.

it was that for the first time did I He pathetically wrote in his diary: believe the favor was being con- "I fear the task before me is too ferred upon me. . . . great for my strength of body, tho "Poor, good Mr. Sato, all the way I would do one thing more before I from Japan to offer a Christian call the earthly battle over. I would prayer for the 'heathen' old Viceroy! have the foreigners believe in us I did not know that anyone out- once more, and not deprive China of side my own family cared -enough her national life."

about me for such a thing. I do All the world knows how well he not love the Japanese, but perhaps succeeded. But the task was too Christianity would help them!" much for his health, and soon after Such an incident is worthy to be he had affixt his signature to the enshrined in the literature of the agreement with the powers of Europe world. It shows that the great and America, which ended the strug- Viceroy was, after all, a very human· gle and enabled the Empress-Dowager man as well as a very great one. to return to Peking, the aged Viceroy Altogether, this is a remarkable peacefully breathed his last. He book-one of the most remarkable, was at once the last statesman of we think, of the present day. It the old era in China and the first describes a character of whom no statesman of the new era. He mark- intelligent person can afford to be ed and personified the period of ignorant, a man who had an extra- transition, and the perspective of ordinary influence upon the develop- time is but lending added height to ment of China and the relations of the massive and dignified figure of China to the world: It is a fascin- China's greatest Viceroy of the ating book to read. The old Manchu Manchu Dynasty.

Unfinished Task in

BY REV. H. B. NEWELL, MATSUYAMA, JAPAN ~T HE "unfinished task" along the well-beaten paths without relates primarily to having looked into any of the . the task of nation- Christian churches or schools, which wide evangelization, in are really not hard to find. If many which all the churches travelers and commercial men fail ~ and the allied mission- to see evidences of Christian life ary bodies in Japan are enthusiastic- . and growth in Japan, there are, on ally interested, but which is as yet far the other hand, many whose interest from completed. opens their eyes to see these things, Two strange criticisms upon the and they return enthusiastic over Christian propaganda in Japan come what they have seen. It is easy to frequently to one's ears. One is note the evidences of material pro- that after a half century of work gress, as seen in railroads, steam- by the missionaries, no impression ships, telegraphs, trolleys, army, navy, whatever has been made, and that factories, foundries, schools, arts, they might better withdraw and stop agricultural pursuits and products; this waste of money. The other is but when it comes to discerning that Japan is already practically a spiritual progress and development, . Christian nation, and there is no the ancient words are still true for further need of sending foreign men many an observer, "he can not know and money to this enlightened and them, because they are spiritually progressive pe·ople. The mission- judged."

aries might therefore better go home The Struggle in'Japan and stop this useless expenditure of "Society, Religion, and Nature!

money. These are the three struggles of It is interesting to note how large man," says Victor Hugo; and in his the money problem bulks upon the trilogy of novels, "Notre Dame,"

horizon of both of these diametric- "Les Miserables," and "Toilers of ally opposite views. It might be the Sea," he depicts the three great interesting to study the underlying conflicts. To a nation no less than motives of these criticisms, but we to the individual comes this triple are concerned here with facts rather experience, which will be more or than with opinions, an9 the fact is less intense, according to the develop- that the truth lies about half way ment of the national consciousness.

between these two extreme opinions. Japan as a nation has a well-develop- Considerable impression has been ed cons.ciollsness, and it follows that made by Christianity, but Japan is her history records a struggle in yet far from being evangelized. these three fields that scarcely· finds On the average about eighteen a parallel elsewhere.

thousand people visit Japan every In her struggle with Nature she year. Of these many, possil?ly the has conquered a place of abode on majority, pass through the country these beautiful yet terril>]e islands

. that, for all their beauty, are subject "And may I, too, when thou those joys to the devastations of volcanic attain, eruptions, terrifying earthquakes, tidal waves, destructive floods and Live long to see thee blest:' desolating snow storms, and has Such the fond prayer that, like the rest- made of herself an agricultural nation of first rank. By her strug- less main, gle with society, she was first de- Will rise within my breast. veloped into a community fit to come at last into contact with the There is a deep significance in the nations of the ,earth from whom she fact that in the same breath in which had been isolated during the centuries the poet denies the necessity of of domestic conflict, and by which prayer he utters one spontaneously. she has succeeded in forging her From the very beginning Japan has way, until she has come into the been face to face with the religious front ranks of the nations of the problem. Shinto, Bushido, Confu- earth. cianism have each had their turn.

There is, however, the equally real During the fifty-five years, since struggle with Religion, the turmoil of the first' Protestant mIssIOnaries which has shaken at times the very entered Japan in r859, there have foundations of the Government, and come representatives of thirty-five which is to-day agitating the heart Protestant religious organizations, toof the nation. gether with Roman and Greek Cath- olics, all working in their various The whole background of Japanese way to make Japan a Christian national life is religious. Born amid nation. the mists of prehistoric antiquity, offspring of the same divine power The tabulated result of these vanthat formed the earth and the seas, ous efforts is briefly this: the forebears of the Japanese race began their life on earth, according Roman Catholic churches and chapels, to their ancient mythology. By this 232; membership, 66,689. same token, reinforced by the dicta of early and later poets, a halo of Greek Catholic churches and chapels, divinity has ever encircled the brow 265; membership, 32,246. of the imperial family not only, but has rested upon all the people. The Protestant churches and chapels, 2,110; assumed name of "The Land of the membership, 90,469. The Protestants Gods," even to-day not uncommonly also have 1,588 Sunday-schools, with used, indicates something of the 106,580 pupils, and 255 private schools atmosphere in which the Japanese of all grades, with 18,872 pupils. mind dwells. An ancient poem runs (in translation) thus: There IS thus an enumerated Japan is not a land where men need pray, Christian community of r89.404 members, about equally divided be- For 'tis itself divine. tween Catholic and Protestant, in a Yet would I lift my voice in prayer and total population of about fifty-five millions, or an average of one say, Christian to every 300, or one "Mayall good things be thine I Protestant to every 600 of popula- tion. If these statistics are any criterion it is evident that Japan has hardly been touched by the Gospel. Less than 200,000 nominal Christians

UNFINISHED TASK IN

out of 55,000,000 would seem to the idea that Christianity is an "Evil justify the critic's contention that Teaching," and are imprest with almost no impression has been made. the purity not only of the teaching itself, but of its teachers and pro- But statistics are often misleading, fessors (quite in contrast with what and unless read with a discerning they have been accustomed to see mind are practically worthless. One elsewhere). These are ready to grain of wheat out of every 600 accept J estls Christ as their ideal of seeds, one nugget of gold out of virtue, and to order their lives every 600 lumps of earth, one dia- according to His teaching, and yet, mond out of every 600 pebbles exam- they are not fully persuaded to cast ined, while proportionately small may in their lot with His church. It has mean great increase in wealth. One been estimated that at least a million hundred and ninety thousand men people in Japan belong to this class and women of living, active faith of "almosts." Should any situation set down in the midst of any nation arise to compel these to make the of any number of millions of popu- choice for or against the church, lation is a force to be reckoned with. they would unhesitatingly cross the Even if this were all that could be threshold. shown in Japan to-day as the result of fifty-five years of Christian pro- Another thing to consider is the pagandism, it could hardly be called quality of the membership of the a discreditable exhibition if the Christian church in Japan. It is the obstacles that have had to be over- glory of the church that her teachcome should be taken into consider- ings appeal to the humblest and most ation. It indicates a live, active and needy classes, but the appeal of progressive native church at work In Christianity is also finding a rethe community. sponse in the higher classes as well, up to "those of Ccesar's household." But it must be remembered that Widows and orphans, laborers and many things prevented large numbers merchants, students and teachers, of those who sympathize with the farmers and artizans, editors and Christian church and its ideals from statesmen, lawyers and bankers, actually becoming members. Family legislators and judges, men of the ties, social customs, religious per- army and navy, men of the railroad plexities, lack of opportunity, and a and the steamship, all meet together thousand and one difficulties present in the Christian· church in common themseh>;es, which are readily ap- fellowship. In the House of Repreparent to one who understands what sentatives-an elective body of about it means to step out from one religion 380 members-should the same prointo another-especially into one that portion of Protestant Christians prewas outlawed in the community for vail as was noted above in the comcenturies, and was spoken of with munity at large (viz., one in 600 of bated breath as "The Evil Teaching." population), only one such member So it happens that there is to-day could possibly be looked for here. standing at the threshold of the As a matter of fact, however, th~re Christian church a great company is always found a little· c.Qterie of those who have come to reject

of from twelve to twenty Christian Y.M.B.A., Y.W.B.A., and even Sun- members who have had sufficient day-schools and Buddhist Endeavor respect and confidence in their locali- Societies, and in the numerous at- ties to receive election. Moreover, tempts made to deduce a Buddhist at nine of the thirty sessions of Bible from the great mass of their Parliament, the presiding officer has_ sacred writings-the imitation ex- been a Christian. tending even to the style of type and A similar condition will be found printing and binding, with marginal also in the local Provincial Assem- notes and references. There is no blies, where sometimes the propor- denying the fact that Christianity is tion has been as high as one in seven influencing the thought and the or eight. method of the Buddhist world m The Japanese Christians are not Japan.

recluses, but are men active in all What Remains to Be Done the good walks of life. They are If there are approximately I80,000 interested in the legislation of the enrolled members of the churches in country, in the interpreting· of the Japan, there are still over fifty- laws, in education, and doing mnch four millions of people to be reached.

to build up a system of private In the words of the report of the schools from kindergarten to uni- recent National Conference held at versity grade, that shall give free Tokyo last April, "Approximately 80 play to the development of spiritual per cent. of the total population reside power, and not be shackled by the in rural districts, of which number tyranny of bald materialism. 96 per cent. constitute an entirely Not only has the more responsive unworked field. Of the remaining element of the nation shown that it 20 per cent. of popUlation residing in was profoundly imprest by Chris- cities and towns, about one-fifth is tian teaching and practise, but the still unprovided for; thus giving the more conservative bulk of Buddhism result that above 80 per cent. of the has not failed to give evidence that popUlation of Japan, or above forty it has felt the impact. If "imitation millions, are not being reached by- is the sincerest flattery," then one may the evangelistic forces…. A gi- judge something of the extent to gantic and yet most inspiring task, which this impact has been felt by therefore, still lies before us in the noting the avidity with which those Christianization of Japan, which of the Buddhist faith have taken up calls first of all for renewed humilia- the Christian methods of social ser- tioo, deeper consecration and a vice, in the more regular meetings larger life."

at the temples for preaching, in the For the accomplishment of this establishing of asylums and other "gigantic task" great reinforcements eleemosynary organizations hitherto are needed, amounting to four times unknown among them, in the found- the present number of Japanese ing of religious schools and theo- workers in order to give one worker logical (?) seminaries, in the adoption to 10,000 of popUlation, and twice of the Christian metbods of nomen- the present number of missionaries clature, which gives suc1r tenns as to give one to 60,000. To coordinatt;

UNFINISHED TASK IN

the whole work and secure the most Literature Society of Japan, which effective distribution of these Chris- has a comprehensive program artian forces, there is needed a definite ranged for attempting to supply the and comprehensive policy that shall need, but is greatly hampered for look toward a long future; also lack of funds. One of the importcloser cooperation and union in edu- ant things to be accomplished in cational and other forms of work Japan in the near future is the as well as the closest cooperation securing of an endowment fund for between the different Christian the advancement of the great work bodies in planning and carrying out of this Society. their evangelistic work. In this connection, journalism is There are signs that these con- another field that awaits the more ditions are to be met. Already there serious efforts of the Christian pen. is an organization known as the While there are many denominational Federation of Churches in Japan, papers and magazines published, and composed of churches that comprise while many of the editors of Japan's four-fifths of the Protestant Chris- daily papers are Christian men, yet tians, and indications now point to there is need of a thoroughgoing a time in the near future when the Christian daily newspaper that shall other one-fifth shall enter the organ- discuss current events from the ization and cooperate in this work of Christian standpoint, report fully and common interest. unbiasedly the Christian Movement in Japan, and in the world at large, 'For the more efficient work in and provide a high grade of reading evangelization there is need of better matter for use in the family. training for both missionary and native worker. A beginning has beel] Perhaps the greatest things yet to made here in the recent reorganiza- be accomplished in Japan wiII be tion of the Language School at along educational lines. More Chris- Tokyo, where better and more com- tian schools are needed, of all grades prehensive courses are now offered and for both sexes, and all to be to the new missionaries at the thresh- supplemented by a Christian Univerold of their work; and in the recent sity of the first rank. There are movements toward cooperation in signs that the Government is weaktheological teaching which give prom- ening in its opposition to the general ise of greater efficiency and better principle of private schools, and of results. Much more is expected Christian schools in particular, and along these lines. There remains to is assuming a more favorable attitude be developed a great and systematic toward Christian education. The body of Christian literature that shall general public also is coming to apcommand the interest and the respect preciate the need of religious inof the reading public at large, and fluence in the moral education of that shall rightly interpret the Chris- the young, and to recognize the good tian life and experience, and give moral influence that Christianity direction to religious and theological exerts in its schools. What remains thought. A beginning has been made to be done is to remove all the in the organization of the Christian ancient prejudices of both Govern-

ment and people by some positive, The Church of Christ in Japan pragmatic exhibition on a large scale needs to-day, more than ever before, of the beneficent influence of a com- the sympathy and the prayers of plete education, from kindergarten Christendom. The same problems to university, gained away from the that face society in every land are present materialistic surroundings of in evidence here-problems relating the public schools, and within the to intemperance, the soCial evil, healthful and refining atmosphere of divorce, labor and capital, factory Christian influence. So great is tbe conditions, female and child labor, seeming necessity of such a Christian and such like. In spite of all criti- university that it is safe to say that cisms against the church, it remains until it is forthcoming the ultimate true that, notwithstanding its numer- success of Christianity in Japan can ical weakness, there is no society in not be predicted. A beginning in this the Empire that can compare with it direction has been made at Kyoto, in its purity of motives and of life, where the historic Doshisha, founded and in its persistent efforts through by Dr. Niishima, has been advanced social. service to benefit the whole to a university, and where over one community. More and more it is thousand students in all departments feeling the immense responsibility are now gathered within this positiv~ that is resting upon it, a responsi- Christian environment; but something bility that was greatly augmented by Idrger and more appealing than this the Three Religions Movement, in- is needed. augurated in I9II, when the Govern- Japan and America ment gave its first favorable recog- Somewhat apart from the problem nition to Christianity.

of evangelizing Japan, and yet in- In the ancient struggle Buddhism timately connected 'with it, is the largely replaced Shinto, because it question of friendly and intimate had something superior to offer.

relations between that country and Then Buddhism lost a large segment the United States. One of the great of its devotees, because Confucianism things yet to be accomplished is the could offer something more satisfying getting rid of the strange misunder- to the reason, if not to the heart, and standings and the petty prej udices Christianity is bound to win its way that now disfigure the relations of because of the real value of what it these two nations, whose mutual wel- has to offer toward the satisfaction fare is so closely linked together, of the cravings of the human heart and who ought to join hands as man to find the living God, whom Shinto with man and walk together as veils, Buddhism denies, and Con- brethren. Happily, many efforts are fucianism ignores. If not ":in this now being made toward bringing generation," yet in God's own good about a better understanding and time, as the truth in Jesus Christ relationship; and the accomplishment becomes known in Japan through His of this desired result wiII go far human agents and through the Holy toward depriving the anti-Christian Spirit, He will surely "draw all men forces in Japan of their ammunition. unto Him."

UP GOOD MONEY IN BADD

One o f the colored posters used by the reformers in fighting the c1iggaaret evil in China Moral and Social Reform in China BY E. W. THWING, rEKINGG, CHINA Oriennttaa1l Secretary of the International Reform Bureau II1jC1]]HINA is passing bring the people of all parts of the through a time of country into close touch, as never great awakening. The before. These new impulses can . upheaval that has led therefore act directly upon millions . to the change of the of people. government of four hundred millions of people, from a Changing Social Custom. monarchy to a republic, can not be without lasting effects on the nation. Modern education in China is in- Many new forces have been put into troducing many changes among the operation, and . altho China to-day social customs of the people, especimay be in a sort of flux,, yet these ally among the younger generatiiOo!lI}J. forces are molding the people, and There is now considerable talk in the social life and thought are bound to newspapers against early marriages flow in many new channels. and others are advocating an acquain- tance between the young people The moral and social reform before marriage. Many of the rising movements are not of less import- students are objecting to having this ance than the political ones. The matter managed entirely by parents Chinese postal and telegraph service and "go-betweens." Semi-foreign

marriage ceremonies are now being cheap foreign whisky is being sold held in Peking and in the port cities. in the south as low as two dollars a case. Many of the modern Chinese The dress of the people is also believe that no feast or banquet can changing. Foreign hats and shoes are be complete without foreign liquors. worn very generaliy by the men among On the other hand, Temperance students and 'merchants in the large Societies are being organized in cities, and many modern school girls various places. Many of the churches are proud of their foreign hats and are taking a strong stand, and are daintily colored hair ribbons. urging their members to give up entirely the use of intoxicating The anti-foot-binding movement, liquors. It is unfortunate that the altho not yet strong in the interior missionary body is not a unit on this among the uneducated people, is still question. The HIoman's Wark, having large influence in the prin- published in Shanghai, has a special cipal cities. In most of the best department devoted to Temperance, girls' schools foot-binding is looked and some C1:tinese publications also upon with disapproval, and a number give considerable space to this reform. of newspapers have not only pub- The danger is great, and far more lished articles on the folly of the attention should be given to Temcustom, out have printed pictures, perance work in the line of, "Preshowing the crippled and crusht feet ventative Medicine." The beer halls of the women with the ~'golden and the prevalence of liquor drinking lilies." This movement will mean in Japan lead one to fear for the much for the true advancement of future of China. Missionary work- China. The Chinese say: "For each ers may well give much attention to pair of bound feet there has been this matter before conditions become shed a tubful of tears." Not only as bad as they are in the Island has this custom brought untold Empire. misery and suffering to millions of China's little girls, but it has dealt Cigareta and Morphine a great blow to the proper companionship of men and women, and Cigarets and morphine are two has kept China backward. No nation great pests which have been introthat keeps women in degradation duced into China in comparatively and ignorance can expect to .be modern times. As the Chinese say, strong. Now, however, the natural "Before the big black devil of opium foot movement is gaining in influence is disposed of the little white devils and is one of the signs of China's of cigarets and morphine are progress. coming in." Altho cigarets have only been used in China, to any extent, Temperance Work during the last twelve years, yet it is said that China now uses more While China's efforts to suppress cigarets than the people of the opium, and her remarkable successes United States. The British-American are surprizing the whole world, West- Tobacco Company has been' flooding ern intoxicants are coming into China in a most systematic way with China's ports in such large quantities this pestiferous article, which China as to present a very grave danger. Reports have been received that

AND SOCIAL REFORM IN CHINA

can ill afford to buy. The slogan bacco Company to be a Government of this company is "a cigaret in the concern. It is estimated now that mouth of every man, woman, and the Chinese spend more than twentychild in China." They spend some five million dollars (gold) per year two million dollars a year alone for for cigarets. An agent of the comadverti3ing, and spare no pains to pany said to me, "We aim to make introduce their goods. They give our cigaret business the largest busilarge salaries, and employ many ness in China; there is big money in graduates of American universities it." In 1912 the company reported and colleges, as well as many Chin- returns of 37 per cent. on their capital ese students from the mission-schools. in trat one year. Last year it was A missionary in Shantung, while more than 27 per cent. One often traveling recently on the railroad, sees little boys and girls from six to BURNING $10,000 (MEX.) WORTH OF OPIUM IN PEKING The opium was burned in nine. large iron kettles, and opium pipes and outfits were destroyed, by order of the Government, February, 1914. $50,000 worth was also recently destroyed in Fuchan.

met another gentleman whom he eight years old, or even younger, supposed to be a missionary. After puffing away at these cigarets. talking awhile the missionary asked, "What is your work?" and received The morphine habit is even morc the reply, "Oh, I am in educational injurious than the cigarets. Seven work." When they reached the next tons of morphia are manufactured town the gentleman said that he was every year in Edinburgh, much of getting off to give away cigarets, as which is sent to China. Besides that he was educating the people in the which is sold directly to China we habit of smoking. The name America are informed that three and a half is connected all over China with the tons are sold to the Japanese. They picture of a great "pirate" adver- manufacture the needles, and sell or tisiilg a brand of cigarets. Many smuggle large quantities of both Chinese seeing the "great American," needles and morphia into China. which is a part of the name often There is 100 per cent. profit in used in their signs, believe the To- this business. Missionaries report seeing poor victims, with their arms

or legs covered with sores and scabs the temptation for "squeeze" may from the use of the needle. It is have been stronger than the desire hoped that the coming Hague con- to stamp out opium, yet on the whole ference will ratify the opium agree- the Chinese have shown a fixt ment and do something to put an determination to overcome this evil. end to this morphine traffic. Nearly a year ago, at the invi- A report just at hand states that tation of The International Reform the Ministry of the Interior has Bureau, a National Opium Conferdrawn up a new set of regulations, ence was held in Peking. Official prohibiting students, soldiers, women representatives of most of the Provand children from smoking cigarets. inces met at this gathering. It re- These regulations were to be en- sulted in the formation of a National forced from April first, and punish- Opium Prohibition Union, which has ment will be meted out to the done good work through the year offenders against these new rules. under the splendid leadership of China may well take steps at once General L. Chang. The Union also to preserve her children from this sent General Chang as its represenevil. tative to England to bring the mes- sage of the Chinese people and to Anti-Opium Campaign urge speedy opium prohibition. The Reform Bureau has been enabled, The greatest of all the Chinese by the courtesy of the Chinese Govreforms is the campaign against ernment, tp keep in constant teleopium. China has already made re- graphic touch with the Governors of markable progress in opium prohi- the various Provinces. Some hunbition, for both the people and the dreds of telegrams have been sent, Government have taken great interest urging prohibition, pointing out the in the question. The fact that during weak places, and giving suggestions the past year there have been more for practical work. Many telegraphic public opium burnings than ever replies have been received, showing before, shows how sincerely the a spirit of appreciation and a desire effort has been to put down opium. on the part of China for real co- operation in the great Anti-Opium The cultivation of poppy has also Campaign. been supprest vigorously, and in some places with the aid of soldiers. There are many indications that Some Provinces, like Kweichow and the work is to be earnestly prest Kansuh, have taken special steps to forward. The Ministry of the Inprevent future poppy cultivation. terior has just sent telegrams ~o the Special presidential orders have been Governor-Generals and Civil Governissued against the growth of the ors of the various Provinces, orderpoppy, also urging strict enforcement ing that poppy cultivation must be of opium prohibition. The Pro- strictly prohibited, all poppy plants vincial Governors have, as a rule, found must be uprooted, and the taken a strong stand against this reports of the destruction of poppy evil. In spite of the distractions of fields must be investigated and cona second rebeIlion, the Government firmed. Should any report prove to be has kept straight on in opium prohibition, and altho in certain places

AND SOCIAL REFORM IN

false, the local magistrate will be Chinese and foreign merchants) has severely punished. Kansuh was the been a serious hindrance to China's worst province for the cultivation of efforts at prohibition. Through the the poppy last year. About a week ago efforts of the opium trust there, and the Reform Bureau sent a telegram because of the strong measures taken to the Governor of that Province by China to restrict the production of strongly urging that, as now was the the native drug, the value of this time of planting, strong action should foreign opium has greatly increased. be taken to prevent the recurrence During the past three months, the· THE FIGHT AGAINST OPIUM IN CHINA A cartoon showing the arrest of an opium-smoker and the confiscation of his outfit of the conditions of last year. A price has riven from about T4,OOO Reuter's telegram, published to-day, per chest to about T7,o00 per chest. states that severe measures are being The increase in number of opium taken to prevent further planting of shops in the foreign settlements of the poppy, and selling or smoking Shanghai is another discouraging of opium. It also states that on feature, but China is bound to push March 6th, at the province capital, the work forward. A report just at Lanchow, two thousand ounces of hand states that the opium traders opium were seized by the authorities, are becoming alarmed and the price and were publicly burned. of opium has suddenly dropt T1,OOO per chest. (Tr,ooo is equal The presence of large stocks of to about I,{OO Mexican dollars or opium in Shanghai (something like about $700 U. S. gold). The strong 13,000 or 14,000 chests, held by

action of the Chinese Government suffering from the serious effects of and the expected ratification of The the depreciation of bank notes, we Hague Opium Agreement is giving will not seek to suit our temporary the opium traders no little concern. convenience by suggesting the revival If China can only keep firm in her of gambling." prohibition efforts she may save $IOO,(X)(),(X)() of her people's money. The President recently issued a In that case the opium in Shanghai presidential order, prohibiting any would have to be returned to the gambling by officials. The President, source from which it came. in many of his orders, has strongly emphasized the importance of good The Movement Against Gambling character, virtue and social reform. Altho these things can not be at- There has been a general move~ tained without a renewing of the ment against the gambling evil heart, yet China's efforts in this throughout China since the establish~ direction are worthy of special attenment of the republican form of tion. The missionary work, through government. Gambling is recognized more than one- hundred years among as one of the great evils in this the people of this nation, is bringing country. At a recent opium burn~ the real salt which will make vital ing, held north of Peking, quite ;J and effective these reforms which number of gambling cards and other the Chinese really desire. accessories, which had been seized by' the police, were burned with the China at this changing period has opium. A telegram from Canton, many social problems to meet, ane! which reached Peking a few days the difficulties in the way are many, ago, is strongly opposed to the plan but there are many good men who to allow gambling again III that believe in so~ial and moral reform, Province. The ·telegram is from and they will help forward an era seventy~two Canton Guilds, and says: of progress among the millions of "The total suppression of gambling China. What has already been in the Kuangtung Province has been successfully accomplished in the fight effected through our strenuous against opium shows what the people efforts. Altho we are at present and the Government together can do in any reform movement.

A CHINESE VIEW OF FOREIGNERS This "old school" Chinese gentleman's description of "civilized" customs will be appreciated: "You can not civilize these foreign devils. They are beyond redemption. They will live for weeks and months without touching a mouthful of rice, but they eat the £les h of bullocks and sheep in enormous quantities. That is why they smell so bad. Their meat is not cooked in small pieces, but is carried into the room in large chunks, often half raw, and they cut and tear it apart. They eat with knives and prongs, so that one fancies himself in the presence of sword swallowers. They even walk the streets and sit down at the same tabl e with women. Yet the women are to be pitied for on festive occasions they are dragged around the room halfdrest to the accompaniment of the most fiendish music."-Indian Witness.

of Dawn In

Africa * A REVIEW OF A BOOK BY REV. J. H. I~ARRIS HE old order changeth, question IS settled, and the peace of Europe is assured, but sooner or I lTI givingplace to the new." later a re-shaping of the African Of no other period in colonies seems ordained.

the history of modern The so-called "Dark Continent" is seething with unrest, and the natives civilization could this be in many parts are awakening to the . said with greater truth needs of a larger life of opportunity. Rev. John H. Harris recently made a from a political point of view, than s,ooo-mile journey through Western equatorial Africa and he gained some of the first twelve years of important facts about industrial con- ditions and the prospects for the the twentieth century. The rise of future of the subject races. He has relied on natives and traders for his the Chinese Republic can only be re- facts rather than on information ob- tained from official circles. "A habit garded as the forerunner of even which I fear has sometimes entailed the appearance of discourtesy, but I greater political upheavals in the know how reticent the merchant com- munities are, no less than the native, Orient. Japan, still dizzy with the even the most untutored of them, if they see a man or woman holding wine of victory, can not be expected friendly relations with the powers that be. This method of investiga- to remain long inactive, or to confine tion I have always pursued, with the result that information of the utmost her restless energies to her own bor- value has been supplied." And we may add that for this reason, among ders, performing a mere sentinel duty others, Mr. Harris's work is of unique value as a true representation at the gateway of the East. 'While cer- of present-day conditions in Africa.

tain Powers in Europe are seeking an Before he entered missionary work, the author was connected with an im- opportunity for Colonial expansion, portant commercial house in London, which, among other advantages, gave how long will the Republican States of South America, already so largely dominated by German influence, be permitted to maintain their political integrity under the shelter of the Monroe Doctrine?

It has been stated on good author- ity that for some months previous to the outbreak of war between the Balkan States and Turkey, certain eminent European statesmen were busily engaged in rearranging the map of Africa in the interests of one or another Great Power. These con- templated changes will probably not be attempted until the Turkish-Balkan "Dawn in Darkest Africa" is a work of importance on present conditions, by John H. Harris, F.R.G.S. Introduction by The Earl of Cromer. (E. P. Dutton & Co., New York,)

him a large insight into foreign and long and is at last beginning to coionial questions. He has also been realize his strength. At present Britbrought in touch with public men and ain leads the way in giving the statesmen, like ex-President Roose- native the fullest scope for his abilivelt, Sir Edward Grey, Sir Harry ties. In British and Portuguese Johnston and others, and is, there- colonies alone in West Africa, has fore, unusually well equipped to re- the free native the chance of attaining view African problems from the state3- the full stature of a man. In German men's and the native's standpoint. and French tropical territories the native is there, not as a citizen, but Geographically speaking, Africa is merely as a necessary adjunct to the no longer "The Dark Continent." production of wealth for the white Every river and forest has been ex- man. How long will he be content plored, every desert crossed, and with this position is a question, and nearly every tribe is known and can the evidences of a coming change are be located. Furthermore, nearly everywhere apparent." Mr. Harris every foot of territory is for the pres·· regrets that the Africa which he has ent under the control of some foreign known, and even loved, is being power. Yet signs are not wanting "hustled away" and that soon the that a change of rulers is imminent rivers, forests and tribes will have when nations seeking colonial expan- lost the mystery which gave them sion, by trading or purchase, will charm. Commerce, too, is undergoing be enabled to extend their African changes, and the trader who went possessions. forth single-handed to conquer, to bring the wilderness in touch with "In fifty years," writes Mr. Harris, civilization, "has given place to the "the map of Africa will bear little re- soulless corporation, with directors semblance to that of to-day. And who are mere machines for registerwhat of the natives? Are they to ing dividends." have no voice in their destiny?" While the rights of the native tribes In no part of Africa have there are never considered by the eminent been greater changes than in the statesmen who are rearranging Kong-o. Only a few years ago this Africa, it is evident that the natives vast territory was a disgrace to civilin many parts of the continent have ized Europe. Under Leopold the their own views on the subject of population was reduced from 20,000,- being bartered and exchanged at the 000 to 8,000,000. The ruinous methwill of foreign nations. Mr. Harris ods employed in gathering rubber and notes that in West Africa they are the wanton destruction of elephants awakening to the fact, that education for their ivory showed that the is a mightier power than arms. Leopo1dian policy was as ruinous from "Education is advancing by leaps and a humanitarian standpoint. The author bounds, and the more virile colonies of the present work believes that the are producing strong men, who will Kongo is too big for Belgium to make themselves felt before many manage alone; that she is not strong years have passed over our heads. enough to carry out the reforms The African is shaking himself free which she is sincerely anxious to from the shackles he has worn so

OF DAWN IN DARKEST

make. Some of the most flagrant might well envy their fellows in Por- abuses have been rectified, but as tuguese Africa. Alongside of inti- long as the Government itself is inter- mate social relations with the natives ested in commercial enterprises the is a widespread plantation slavery in main causes for these abuses will Angola, San Thome, and Principe." exist. Old officials experienced in the methods that obtained in Leopold's In Angola half of the population is day are still employed, and the author said to be living under some form of is of the opinion that they keep out slavery, and before the eyes of the Belgian administrators of a higher Governor, the Bishop, and high offitype. Moreover, such radical reforms cials are to be found "bridewells" for as the condition of the Kongo de- the production of slaves, where they mands, can only be effected at a cost are bred after the methods of the perhaps heavier than the Belgian tax- stock-farm. "In San Thome the conpayers would be found willing to pay. tracted laborer from Angola is a For these, and other reasons, Mr. slave; he calls himself a slave, and the Harris believes the Kongo territories Mozambique free man holds him in too heavy a burden for Belgium to contempt as a slave; either he was bear, and suggests that Germany captured, or purchased on the mainshould take over the greater part, land with cash by the plantation also a portion of French Kongo, con- owner, just as men purchase cattle, ceding, "an adequate quid pro quo to or capture wild animals." France." Of the pathetic, the tragic features Slavery in the Portuguese Possessions of slavery in the Portuguese colonies Mr. Harris has many deeply moving Portuguese West Africa presents stories to tell. He was not content to many anomalous conditions which are accept "the reports of others, or hearnot found in any other colonies of the say evidence, but personally investi- Dark Continent. Here the native gated the slave question for himself. races are accorded the best and the One story which he heard from the worst treatment. "The best for the lips of a poor bond-woman is but one free native, the best for the educated of many. colored man, and the best for the colored woman. In every other "She had not been long on the colony-and in this respect the British coast, for only a few months ago she colonies are becoming the worst- had for the first time witnessed the race prejudice not only prevails, but is Atlantic breakers tossing themselves on the increase. In the Portuguese with impetuous fury on that strip colonies there is a pleasing ·absence of rocky shore. The hour was that of race prejudice; natives of equal of the mid-day rest and the woman social status are as freely admitted to was sitting sadly apart from the other Portuguese institutions as white men; laborers. A glance at her attitude, the hotels, the railways, the parks, coiffure, and other characteristics and roads possess no color-bar. If the rendered her a somewhat singular Portuguese colonies could be purged figure in that group. Somewhere in of their foul blot of slavery, the Central Africa those cicatrized arms, natives of the other African colonies that braided hair, had a tribal home.

"'True white man I have come

from far; from the land of great as so much waste paper. Portuguese rivers and dark forests.' statesmen have unwillingly acknowl- " 'How were you enslaved?' I asked. edged that the power of vested " 'They charged me with theft and interests in the colonies can nullify then sold me to another tribe, and every attempt made by the govern- they in turn to a black trader. This ment to introduce reforms. Such be- man drove me for many moons along ing indisputably the case it seems the great road until a white man at impossible that Great Britain should D – – – bought me and sent me. continue an alliance with a' Power here. Where am I going now? Who "which by a persistent violation of can tell. I suppose I shall be sold to international obligations exposes not another planter.' " only herself, but her ally, to a defense Torn from family and friends she of slavery and, the slave trade."

had been nearly ten months marching The all-important question of the down to the coast, a distance from "repatriation" of the slaves is dis- her tribe in the Kongo of not less cust in detail by Mr. Harris and than 1,500 miles. deserves more consideration than we Mr. Harris describes the rise of a are able to give it in this article. It great slave-owner, who from being a is of course claimed by the planters ragged urchin running about the that their human chattels are much streets of San Thome now owns better off working for them, than if elegant mansions in three European they were returned to their old capitals and is the sovereign lord over homes. Also, they argue, many of the thousands of slaves. He lives in laborers have forgotten the districts almost regal state, the center of a from which they were originally "re- crowd of admiring sycophants and cruited" and they might come under parasites who give no thought to the evil influences, and perhaps starve, if miserable creatures who toil in blood dumped down on the main land. It and tears to enrich their master. is true the "repatriation" question From 5 :30 in the morning until sun- presents many difficulties, but Mr.

set the wretched human chattels labor Harris believes they are not insur- in the tropic heat, cultivating cocoa. mountable, and by no means so nu- "That their master may fare sump- merous as the planters try to make tuously every day in Europe, and out. "Repatriation" was begun tenta- finance dethroned royalty, which is tively in the year 1908, not always not ashamed to use these ill-gotten with the happiest results, but this funds in half-hearted endeavors to was owing, says our author, to the regain a discredited crown." barbarous and inhuman methods em- Why, it is often asked, does the ployed.

Government of Portugal, so loud and It has been mooted in high quarters vehement in proclaiming its devotion that Portugal's treatment of the na- to human freedom, permit slavery to tives demands the transfer of her exist? The answer always is, that African territories to some such pro- the colonies are beyond the Govern- gressive power as Germany, for a ment's control. The planters treat financial consideration. Mr. Harris "regulations" sent out from the Tagus expresses a doubt that the natives

OF DAWN IN DARKEST AFRICA 689~

would fare any better under German Church at least belongs the honor of rule than they do now, for while a having saved 011 the spot the Kongo number of colonial Portuguese are natives from extermination." slave-owners and traders "the Portuguese have a kindly nature, to which One curious and interesting fact we can appeal, and signs are not noted by this author is that the mawanting of an awakening of the con- jority of administrators and commersCience of the Portuguese nation in a cial men hold in a measure of conmanner which may lead to a thorough tempt the Protestant missionary, while cleansing of the colonial possessions his Catholic brethren are generally of the Republic." esteemed. This attitude, Mr. Harris believes, is owing to th~ fact that the Germany, says our author, is in Catholic missionary is more diplomatic many respects a progressive power, in his relations with traders and but she has never shown any philan- administrators; he is more genial; "a thropic consideration for the well- good fellow" where his Protestant being of the native races. A single confrere may be bluff, unbending and word from Germany signifying a somewhat puritanical. The Protestant· willingness to cooperate with Great missionaries are free to criticize admin- Britain during the Kongo agitation, istrations, e;'pose iniquities and opwould have saved thousands, if not pressions, which the Catholic fathers millions, of lives. That word was are not allowed to do. The crime of never spoken; the Kongo tribes were the Kongo was exposed by Protestant left to perish, and German public missionaries on the spot, tho the opinion maintained a cynical attitude Catholics far outnumbered them, and to the end. the same could be said of the atroci- ties in the French Kongo and the Portugal has declared very em- slavery in the island of St. Thome. phatically, that she will not part with The author believes that this antipher ancient colonies, but unless she athy toward Protestant missionaries begins at once to purge her adminis- is likely to become more marked in tration and abolish slavery, there is the future. every reason to believe that she will be forced to do so. In other words The highly organized syndicate, she must "Get on, or get out." which has replaced to a large degree the old-time trader, has sufficient The Progress of Christian Minion. power and influence at home and abroad to threaten and coerce any "Of all the forces which have made administration. "The missionary, bold for real progress in West Africa," in his isolation, knowing no higher writes Mr. Harris, "Christianity authority than his own highly temstands, some say first, others second, pered conscience, willing, if need be, but none can place it last. To it to suffer any extremity, is bound to belongs primarily, in point of time at find himself more and more in conflict teast, the economic prosperity of the with the exploiting energy of these Gold Coast. To it belongs, almost vigorous dividend-seekers. This conentirely, the credit for the native fEct is of course an excellent tonic for clerks, and educated men of the Coast. the church, but it makes the lot of To one section of the Christian

these isolated men and women in ing of the value of Medical Missions Central Africa much harder to bear." in the African field. No other agency, In his review of Christian progress, he believes, is quite so effective in Mr. Harris says, that few gains have establishing friendly relations with the been made in the far hinterland of natives as the work of the medical the Sierra Leone Protectorate, the missionary. Every cure that is effected Northern Territories of the Gold speaks more eloquently to the native Coast, or in Northern Nigeria. "In than many sermons or ethical dis- the Sierra Leone Colony where slaves courses, and makes him very receptive liberated during a period of 50 years to Christian teaching.

were dumped down as they were re- In recent years Protestant Missions leased from British battleships, Chris- have successfully carried on industrial tianity has permeated fairly complete- and commercial enterprises in the ly the life and habits of the people; interest of the natives. At Abeokuta nearly two-thirds of the population are all the public buildings of that fine nominally Christian, while the heathen city were erected by the Christian number less than one-tenth. In the Industrial School. In the Gold Coast Gold Coast the Basel Mission alone, the German Basel Mission leads the has more than 30,000 adherents who way among Industrial Missions. Here find about $25,000 for mission ex- the Commercial Section includes penses. Another notable and interest- Industrial· Training Institutes, and ing fact is, that the natives have in- nothing could be more pleasing, says vested in the Mission School Bank Mr. Harris, than the energy and over $r r 5,000, a larger amount than interest displayed by the natives who they have placed with the Govern- devote themselves to cabinet-work, ment, showing the confidence the coach-building and agricultural pur- natives have in the Christian Church suits, but the main activities of this as a depository. department are those of the ordinary In Southern Nigeria half the popu- African merchant, with the exception lation is Mohammedan, very tenacious that the agents are forbidden to sell of their faith, and noted for their spirituous liquors. This branch of the piety and simple life; an altogether work is conducted by 23 "mercantile superior class. Christian advance is missionaries" with very satisfactory opposed in the more northern terri- results. The white men are assisted tory by officialdom, on the ground of by colored men in charge of the possible trouble with the Mohammedan branches, and who on Sundays may community. Below Nigeria and south be found teaching in the Bible Schools of the Niger Delta, Paganism is ram- and preaching at the out-stations of pant, while Mohammedanism does not the Mission. The income from the exist. "A paganism" says our author industrial work and the manufactures "so broken by the forces of civilization, must almost, if not completely, cover so rent, and riven by internal mistrust the Mission's expenditures. "Its gene- that the masses of the people are cry- ral business operations," writes the ing out: 'Who will show us any author, "splendid educational institu- good?'" tions, its devoutly spiritual atmos- Mr. Harris is enthusiastic in speak- phere, combine in forming one of the

OF DAWN IN DARKEST AFRICA 6g1

greatest, if not the greatest, force for colonies; the natives contributing an progress in the Gold Coast Colony. increasing sum to the British Society, But the price has to be paid, for, ac- which gives a "return" in cash from cording to the Acting Governor, 'the the Native Christian Community of highest death-rate was among the the Portuguese Colonies of over $150,- missionaries.' " 000 per annum, or an average of $1.06 per head throughout the Of the 550 missionaries who have churches. labored to spread the Gospel in West Africa, over 170 found an To the author the future of Chrisearly grave, some of them living tianity in West Africa is bright with only a few days, being stricken down promise, but he also recognizes that almost on the day of their arrival in its progress is beset with many danthe field. Of these noble martyrs to gers. In early years missionaries subthe cause of Christ, the author says, ordinated everything to the actual "These men and women were not work of preaching, but experience has only the matured youth of their shown that the native preacher if countries, but they were compelled t·o properly trained can carry the mespass the most rigid medical examina- sage further than the white man tion prior to their acceptance by the could ever hope to reach, while his Missionary Boards. They were indeed mastery over the native tongue gives the flower of the Christian Church." him an immense advantage. As the Appalling as the mortality has been result of this spreading the Gospel among these chosen ones, they did largely through native preachers, the not die in vain, but that many might whole of the riverine systems of be lifted out of the darkness that Central Africa are being brought shrouded their lives, into the glory under the influence of Christianity. infinite that lights the pathway of The bush native no longer clings to those that love the Lord. Paganism, and if not a Mohammedan calls himself a Christian, tho his Without giving 111 detail Mr. manner of living may be of the most Harris's interesting statistics that immoral description. show the results of missionary labor in West Africa a few figures may On the dangers that threaten the be of interest. For Sierra Leone, future of Christianity in West Africa Nigeria, Gambia, Gold Coast, Kongo and other parts of the continent, Mr. and Angola the total number of adhe- Harris presents some striking facts: rents (known members and communicants) is given as 214,50I; scholars, "Already in several colonies the na- 79,861; annual native contributions, tives are restive under an inadequate $163,395. white control and leadership. Edu- cated in the principles of liberty, but These estimates do not exhibit the without much respect for, or belief in, wide interest displayed by the natives the nobler tenets of the Christian in Christianity, which is shown in faith, they are breaking away from their considerable purchase of the Church Government and forming Scriptures. The British Bible Socie- themselves into Christian communities ties ship thousands of pounds' worth in which personal desire 1S never of Bibles every year to the different allowed to conflict with accepted

standards of ethics. One day I visited one seceding church in West Africa a leading 'Christian' in a certain claims a membership of over 10,000 colony; he showed me round the adults." district, took me over his delightful little farm, pointed out his model Mr. Harris is far from being an dwellings, etc.; then I inspected a alarmist, but he foresees that unless building with three compartments, the missionary societies can supply a and was informed that one section sufficient number of men to check the was used as a gin store, the middle spread of this movement, all Central section for prayer meetings and in the Africa may be brought under "the third the man kept his wives! All influence of a form of Christianity this, he boldly asserted, could be which for many years will be a justified by reference to the Scrip- caricature of the religion of Jesus tures. I was not prepared to con- Christ. The only hope, and happily a test the assertion, because my host probable development, is that the religclaimed his own conscience as the ious wave which is now sweeping final arbiter of. interpretation. The irresistibly across the central region, extent to which these secessions may will be followed by an ethical wave, go, can be gathered from the fact that which will give the 'Light eternal' to the Dark Continent."

TO GIVE IS TO LIVE The sun is forever pouring its gold The seas lend silvery rays to the On a hundred worlds that need to borrow; land, The land its sapphire streams to His warmth he squanders on sum- mits cold, the ocean; The heart sends blood to the brain His wealth on the homes of want and sorrow. of command, To give The brain to the heart its light- Is to live. ning motion; The flower shines not for itself at all, And over and over we yield our breath Its joy IS the joy it freely diffuses; Till the mirror is dry and images death. Of beauty and balm it is prodigal, And it lives in the life it freely To live loses; Is to give.

No choice for the rose but glory ·Dead is the hand that IS not open or doom, wide To exhale or smother, to wither or bloom. To help the need of a human To deny Is to die. brother; He doubles the length of his life- long ride 'Who gives of his fortunes to help another; And a thousand million lives are his Who carries the world in his sympathies.

To deny Is to die. -Selected.

DEI>ADTMENT

OF BEST METHODS CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK OPENING THE FALL CAMPAIGN fJV ACATION days are over, The command to ~'Go forward" was ~ and the busy world is preceded by the command to "Stand preparing to run at full speed once more. The still." This is the true order. Pente- Church, no less than the cost followed a season of united prayer – world, is ready to take up and supplication in the upper room. ] t its work with new vigor. is "not by might, nor by power, but by my Spirit, saith the Lord of Hosts," There is no better time (with the that great works are accomplished, great possible exception of the First of victories won. January) for overhauling old methods and inaugurating new ones. Nine or In view of this, the best possible ten months of almost uninterrupted plan for opening the fall campaign is opportunity lie ahead before the next the holding of a "Quiet-Hour Service" long vacation. No missionary organ- in which those whose hearts are filled ization should enter upon it in hap- with longing to see God's kingdom hazard fashion with nothing definite prosper, may come together to plead planned. A carefully thought-out cam- HiS' promises and claim their fulfilment. paign tends to multiply results and Such a meeting need not be large. Its make them great and lasting. A right success is not at all dependent on beginning is of the utmost importance. numbers. A few earnest souls with hearts on fire for God can call down A Quiet-Hour Service the coveted blessing. This is a plan The best preparation for a season that has been tested again and again of service is a quiet waiting before God by the Best Methods Editor in different . for guidance of the Holy Spirit. Before organizations, and never once has it making any plans whatever we should failed to bring a blessing. ask God to reveal His will and show us just what He would have us to do. Praying or Planning Otherwise we may "run before we are sent." This is one of the gravest errors BY JESSIE ANDREWS of the present generation of Christian workers. Only when we are doing a We plan and plan, then pray God-appointed work in God's own way That God may bless our plan. can we be sure of results that abide. "I never ask God to bless my plans," So runs our dark and doubtful way, said a religious leader at a conference That scarce shall lead unto the day- some time ago. His fellow workers were shocked and demanded an explanation. So runs the life of man! "It is true," he repeated with 'emphasis. But, hearken! God saith, "Pray!" "I never ask God to bless my plans. I ask Him to reveal His plans and bless me And He will show His plan, in trying to carry them out." And lead us in His shining way That leadeth on to perfect day- Each God-surrendered man! -The Sunday-School Times.

Missionary Workers' Conference A very good way to open the fall campaign is for all the missionary

forces of a church to unite in holding vicinity. The program consisted of a Missionary Workers' Conference. A reports from several of the summer week-night is best for this-the mid- mISSIOnary conferences and the acweek prayer-meeting night if the pastor co~nt of a visit to Ellis Island made is willing. by one of the members.

After a short devotional service, let A reproduction of the miniature panthe officers 0 f all the missionary societies orama, "The Open Window,"* with an or bands connected with the church and endless procession of Christless women the chairmen of the missionary com- passing by (See "The King's Business," mittees of the church and Sunday- by Mrs. Raymond, page 23), that had school, present· their plans for the made such an impression at Northfield coming fall and winter. Give the the previous July, and pictures of the pastor an opportunity to' tell of his Immigrant Pageant and the China aspirations for the church in a mis- Demonstrations that had been special sionary way, and spend some time in features at Silver Bay, added not a discussing how the church and its little to the interest of the meeting. various organizations can become a greater power in the community, especi- Rallies with Social Features ally along the lines of city missionary work. Then call for volunteers III Fall rallies that combine social feathe work. If the meeting is rightly tures with plans for work and the conducted there will undoubtedly be enlistment of new members, can be some present who will make a decision made both enjoyable and effective. for the first time to take up some They may be either luncheons or specific form of missionary service-at suppers where everybody sits down to least this' has been the experience of a daintily spread tajJle and partakes of those who have tried this method of a real meal, or simply afternoon affairs opening tne fall campaign. with nothing but a cup of tea and a few wafers by way of refreshment. The meeting should close with a Sometimes they are held by individual season of prayer for the guidance of societies, . sometimes by federations or the Holy Spirit and the blessing of unions of all the societies in the com- God on all that is undertaken. munity.

Missionary Vacation Experiences A very successful rally on this order A good plan for a society or a was held a year or two ago by the federation of societies returning to Prospect Chapter of the Westminster work after the summer recess' is a Guild (a young woman's organization meeting with "Missionary Vacation in the Presbyterian Church), in Tren- Experiences" as the topic. In almost ton, New Jersey. About sixty girls in every community there are one or more the church and Sunday-school, many persons who have enjoyed special mis- of whom were not connected with any sionary privileges during the summer, missionary organization, were invited the telling of which would prove a to a supper. As a result there was a joy and inspiration to thos'e less favored great revival of missionary interest than themselves. among the old members and a new A meeting of this kind, that was chapter of the Westminster Guild was greatly enjoyed and proved very profit- organized in the church. able, was held last October by the Woman's Union Baptist Missionary * Directions for making such a window are Society of Schenectady, New York, and given bv Miss Edith Thomson in "How to Use," a handbook of suggestions, prepared by Mrs. Montgomery, to accomnany "The King's Busi- ness," pages 70 to 74. . Published by the Central Committee for the United Study of Foreign Mis· sions, ''''est Medford, Mass. Price 20 cents.

OF BEST Ml!:THODS 6gs

Progressive Mis.ionary Tea was appropriate musif: between the courses. The Woman's Home Companion re- cently gave an account of a unique At this novel tea fifty women had missionary tea given by a woman's five important phases of the society'::; society which would prove an excellent work presented to them, and the way of opening a fall campaign in hostesses came into touch with fifty either a woman's or a young woman's different women. It was a great suc- society. cess. As a result the membership was nearly doubled, the pledges to missions Five hostesses were appointed, an,l were greatly increased, new subscrip- five tables prepared. The tables were tions to magazines were obtained, and designated respectively as "Associa- in every way the society made large tion," "Program," "Membership," gains. "Literature," and "Giving," and the hostess for each table was selected The United Campaign for 1914·1915 with regard to her fitness to discu3s "For years we have talked about the topic for which her table stood. 'united campaigns,'" says The Mission- Long before the day set for the tea, arv Herald. "In 1914-15 we are really each made a special study of the best to- have one! With the slogan, 'Christ method of presenting her subject and for every life and all of life: and 'The came prepared to make the most of Social Force of Missions' as the great her opportunity. The hostess of the central theme, all boards-home and giving table was ready with pledge foreign, general and women's-will cards to be taken home and signeu, work together to present the missionary and the hostess of the literature table enterprise in its most compelling form. was provided with samples of maga- The timeliness and attractiveness of zines and other missionary literature the theme are obvious to alI who know for free distribution. how generally the most earnest people in our churches are thinking 111 social Fifty women came and were divided terms." into five groups, ten for each table. This campaign is to begin at once, There were five courses, served by and every church should prepare to the young women of the church. The participate in it. Abundant literature first course was fruit, and while it of a very high order has been prewas being eaten the hostesses presented pared, including text-books suitable for their subj ects, the guests asking ques- all ages and both sexes, written by tions and entering into the discussions some of the best literary talent in the if they so desired. At the end of ten country. Official ones for united use minutes a bell rang, and each party have been prepared by the Missionary of ten progressed to the next table, Education Movement, the Central Comthere to discuss another phase of the mittee for the United Study of Foreign missionary problem. The hostesses, of Missions, and the Council of Women course, remained at their own tables. for Home Missions. The list is as follows: The second course was sandwiches, olives and pickles; the third ice cream Missionary Education Movement and cake; the fourth, tea and wafers; the fifth, candies. A more elaborate "The Social Aspects of Foreign Mismenu could be substituted, but this sions," by Dr. W. H. P. Faunce, Presiwas inexpensive, easy to prepare, and dent of Brown University. Cloth, 60 could be quickly served without delay. cents; paper, 40 cents. The favors were little painted cards. containing missionary texts, and there "The Individual and the Social Gos- pel," a four-chapter book for busy men,

by Dr. Shailer Mathews, Dean of the let, "Christ for Every Life and All Divinity School, University of Chicago. of Life," containing the details of the Cloth, 2S cents. United Campaign and a list of all the "The New Home Missions," by Dr. H. literature available for it. Ministers may also obtain a pamphlet, "Making Paul Douglas, Secretary of the American the United Missionary Program Effec- Missionary Association. Cloth, 60 cents; tive," prepared exclusively for their use. paper, 40 cents.

"The American Indian on the New Trail," by Thomas C. Moffett, Superin- The Wednesday Night Club tendent of Indian Work, Presbyterian A fall campaign of large propor- Board of Home Missions. Cloth, 60 tions along mISSIOnary lines was cents; paper, 40 cents. planned and put into successful execu- Central Committee for the United Study of tion last autumn in the Lake Avenue Foreign Missions Baptist Church, Rochester, New York, of which the Rev. Albert W. Beaven "The Child in the Midst," by Mrs. Ben- is pastor. This wideawake church jamin W. Labaree, formerly a missionary supports three foreign missionaries and to Persia. Cloth, 50 cents, postage, 8 two home missionaries, in addition to cents; paper, 30 cents, postage, 6 cents.

"Our World-Family," a junior foreign work done through many city mis- missions text-book, by Helen Douglas sionary organizations. Mrs. Mont- Billings. Paper, 25 cents. gomery's father, Doctor Barrett, was Interdenominational Home Missions Study pastor of it for many years and she Course and her husband and mother are in- defatigable workers there at the present "Missionary Women and the Social time. Question," by Mrs. Fred Smith Bennett, President Woman's Presbyterian Board The campaign began with the for- of Home Missions. Paper, 18 cents. – mation of a "Wednesday Night Club,"

"In Red Man's Land," by Francis E. the purpose of which, as stated in the Leupp, former United States Commis- prospectus, was "to save time and carsioner of Indian Affairs. Supplementary fare, and make it possible for a good chapter on missions among the Indians, many people to come to a good many by the Rev. A. F. Beard, D.D. Cloth, 57 things at the church that they could cents; paper, 35 cents. not attend if they were scattered through the week. "With these ideas "Goodbird the Indian," told by him- in view, as many as possible of the self to Gilbert L. Wilson. Junior home activities of the church (particularly mission text-book. Cloth, 40 cents; paper, 25 cents; postage extra.

the devotional, study, and committee Bes'ides these text-books, much addi- meetings) were grouped together on tional literature in the way of helps Wednesday. The Woman's Society on the text-books, programs for mid- changed its monthly meeting to Wed- week, and young people's meetings, nesday afternoon at 2.30, and an sermon suggestions to pastors, helps for elaborate schedule was prepared for a workers among children, and outlines series of "Big Wednesday Evenings."

for Sunday-school programs, is being The Wednesday Night Club was issued by the Missionary Education planned as a permanent urganization, Movement, the women's organizations but in the beginning it was something and the denominational boards. AllY of an experiment. .The first period of time after September I, anyone who ten weeks (October, November, and asks for it may obtain from the Mis- part of December, 1913) had missions sionary Education Movement, 156 Fifth as its central theme, and was put into Avenue, New York, a copy of a book- the hands of the Mis'sionary CQtU-

OF BEST METHODS

mlSSlOn, an organization composed of through Ellis Island, given by about all the missionary forces of the church, forty of the young people; the demon- with Mr. A. D. McGlashan, a student stration of a day in the life of a misin Rochester Theological Seminary, as sionary in India, given by Mrs. Hamill, leader. The schedule for each Wed- formerly a missionary in India, assisted nesday evening was as follows·: by a group of young people. On some of the evenings there were addresses 5.00 to 6.00 P.M.-Committee meetings by such well-known speakers as Doctor of such groups as needed to meet from Barbour, Mrs. Montgomery and Protime to time. fessor Henry Robbins.

6.20 to 7.00.-Supper served at 20 cents For the study classes from 7.30 to to all to whom it would be a convenience 8. 15 no less than thirteen courses were to take supper at the church. At the offered as electives. These included close of the meal a good "sing," led by a three on foreign missions, three on volunteer orchestra and chorus formed home missions, one on city missions, to help with the "Big Wednesday Even- and six on general missionary topics, ings." such as "The Business Side of the Mission Task" (a course for business 7.00 to 7.30.-Missionary entertain- men), "Comparative Religions," "The ments, dramatic presentations of mis- Bible and Missions," and "Medical sionary stories and foreign peoples, and Missions'." It had been announced that addresses on missionary topics. no class would be held unless at least five persons elected to take it, but nine 7.30 to 8.15.-Mission study in classes. of the thirteen had a sufficient enrol- 8.15 tei 9.oo.-Devotional service, with ment to warrant fheir being given, the special topics for prayer and discussion. number signing for them ranging from 9.00 to 10.00.-Committee meetings and 8 to 40 to 50. The business men's small group sessions. course proved one of the most popular. the attendance sometimes running as The whole plan was carried out on high as 30 or 35. Each class held one a very large scale. There were mis- open night in the Sunday-school room in sions in everything, it being the pur- order that those who came to the pose of the Commission to bring the supper, but were not enrolled in a subject before the people in all its class, might participate in the study. phases and from every angle. The first night there were nearly 300 in On the close of the mission study attendance, and during the ten weeks' campaign about the middle of Decemcourse, the average attendance was ber, the Wednesday Night Club took about 175. a recess of three weeks. On January 7, I915, it started up again with Bible The supper hour was made very study as the central theme. A comenjoy.able by the introduction of all mlSSlOn was appointed and the same sorts of jokes and surprizes that helped general plan was followed as to hours in the fellowship and made it easy to and supper. The attendance was even get acquainted. Some of the stunts larger than during the first period, and perpetrated were missionary in char- the plan has proved so popular and acter and gave not a little real infor- helpful that it is to be repeated this mation about missions. year. The same general schedule will be followed-missions first, then some- Among the entertainments during thing allied to Bible study: the hour from 7.00 to 7.30 were an impersonation of "Cindy's Chance" (a "The results of the experiment have story of miSSIOn work among the Southern Mountaineers), given by a group of girls; the representation of a company of immigrants coming

been exceedingly satisfactory," wrote ful. We have found absolutely no Mr. Beaven at the close of the mission attempt on anyone's part to take study period last December. "Many advantage of the low-priced meal. Nor of our people have become interested have we found that people have come in missions; the men of the church to the fun part, stayed to the class'es, testify that their attitude toward mis- and then left. They have universally sions has been almost revolutionized. come to supper and stayed through Other results have been the enlarging the prayer-meeting, and there have of the prayer-meeting to double its been many committee meetings held size; the engendering of a feeling of after that. Our people have. devoted good felIowship all through the church; Wednesday to the church, and it has and the enlisting of the help of scores resulted in a great saving of time, and scores of young people who had carfare, and nerves, and has doubled never attended prayer-meeting before the amount of committee work the or had been especially interested in pastor and his assistants and workers missions." have been able to do."

Miss Stevens, the pastor's secretary, A Campaign on Immigration adds the following, after the plan had been tested for nearly a year: A very effective fall campaign was planned and carried out last year by "I think the most general effects Mrs. Alfred S. Davis, with the assisthave been the fine feeling of good ance of two young ladies, in the First fellowship among all the people that Baptist Church of Bennington, Verhas lasted and will last; the conviction mont. It might well serve as a model of all the people that fellowship and for a missionary campaign on any religion are not far apart, proved by subject. the fact that there has been absolutely no feeling of constraint or embarrass- The topic was "Immigration," and all ment in going from the jolliest supper departments of the church were enhour to the most devotional kind of listed. The campaign began early in Bible study, nor from the most exciting the falI and culminated with the Christdiscussions of the Bible class lessons, mas entertainment of the Sunday-school. to the general prayer-meeting; the very Two study classes were held, one for widespread and general. interest in the members of the Woman's Missionary spiritual side of things, and .the de- Society, the other for the young people. velopment of spirituality in the meet- There was a public debate on the subings of the church. ject, "Should Immigration be Further Restricted by the Literacy Test?" a "The Sunday-school and other organ- lecture on Immigration, illustrated by izations of the church received many stereopticon slides, an address given new members, and about 40, I should one Sunday evening by a Baptist think, came into the church without worker at Ellis Island; and a recepany special effort being made; that is, tion and tea given by one of the they came Wednesday nights and felt members of the church at her home, at home, and naturally came into our at which a collection was taken for membership. Many others were gotten work among the immigrants. in touch with who simply came for the friendship, and have been held In the Sunday-school there was a and brought into the church and i~s course on immigration with charts, etc., organizations'. About 140 in all came given during the opening exercises. into the church during the year. One nation was taken each· Sunday, and the Sunday-school orchestra played "The supper has been very success-

the national airs of each on its day. of fine scrap-books were made of cloth There was a separate course in the with gay pictures pasted in, and a primary department. goodly supply of books, toys, hair- ribbons, neckties, etc., were brought i'l The exercises in the Sunday-school and sent to the denominational worker on the Sunday evening before Christ- at Ellis Island. mas consisted of an arrangement of carols and readings, and an exercise, One Church'. Program "America's Welcome," in which twenty children took part, ten drest as The following program, drawn up immigrants and ten in white as Americ for the Congregational Church of cans. Each carried its own flag. With North Andover, Mass., by its pastor, songs and recitations they marched to the Rev. John L. Keedy, should prove a gateway where, after an address of suggestive to other churches. The Mis- welcome from an American child, the sionary Herald, in which it was re- immigrants passed through and ex- cently printed, calls attention to the changed the flags of their native lands fact that it "includes both the educa- for American flags. It was very tional and financial objectives and pretty and effective. places as the first thing to be attained a canvas for pledges and next to this The Christmas entertainment of the a canvas for sUbscriptions to church Sunday-school (the main department) and missionary periodicals." was a "Costume Party." Everybody was requested to go drest as an im- A SUGGESTED MISSIONARY migrant, and those who failed to do PROGRAM so were fined a srpall sum, which went to immigrant work. There were all 1. A canvass of our church-members for sorts of queer costumes, and the fun pledges. To be done by the finance began with a grand march in which committee and pastor. only those drest as immigrants were allowed to participate. This created a 2. A canvass for subscriptions to misgreat deal of merriment, and when it sionary papers and church periodicals. was over there were games and refresh- By a special committee. ments, and everybody had a good time. 3. A mission study class, in charge of From a psychological standpoint this the missionary society. campaign was correct in all its details. There was no attempt to make an im- 4. Three Sunday morning sermons and pression without a corresponding addresses-one by the pastor, one by opportunity for expression. At the a secretary, and one by a missionary. Christmas exercises of the Sunday- Dates for these to be January 25th, school there was an offering by classes April 26th, and October 25th. In envelopes previously distributed, which amounted to $3I. And the mis- 5. Two or three week-day programs in sionary from Ellis Island having stated charge of the women. A birthday that at Christmas time they usually party sugges,ted as one. Two mishave about 2,000 to feed, and that, sionary speakers suggested for the in addition to food, they try to give others. each one a little present, a large clothes-basket was placed in the Sun- 6. Ten five-minute missionary talks to day-school for two weeks, and the the Sunday-school, and ten missionary children were invited to bring gifts for offerings. the immigrants' Christmas. A number 7. Two missionary concerts, four illus- trated lectures, one missionary play.

S. Several missionary programs in the Young People's Society of Christian Endeavor.

9. Several missionary programs in the midweek service. To be in charge of committee appointed by church com- mittee. MISSIONARY AWAKENING IN SOUTH working in the Boer Church in South AFRICA-A CORRECTION Africa at the same time as in the camps, as is seen from the fact that I N our April number (p. 313), ap- the mission work went on developing peared a paragraph under the above during that time, and at the end of the heading in which reference was made war there were 22 missionaries of the to "the hostility of the Boers before Boer Church in their Nyasaland misand during the Boer war." Rev. A. sion-field alone, beside those in Rho- C. Murray, of Stellenbosch, South desia, Transvaal, and the Cape Prov- Africa, calls our attention to the fact ince. Mission interest has very much that this statement needs to be qualified. increased since the war, but this is There has, of course, always been due to the work of God's Spirit, many among the Boers who have no through the instrumentality of men like sympathy toward mISSIOn work. It Dr. Andrew Murray, Prof. Hofmeyer, is true that of both the Dutch-speaking Prof. Marais, and others, all of these Boers, and of the English farmers of men belonging fo the Boer Church. At South Africa, that they are doing very the present time the Boer churches of little to support Christian missions to the Cape Province, Orange Free the natives, and in countries like State, and Transvaal, support 120 Rhodesia they are for the most part foreign missionaries. Also about IOO enemies of missions. It is, however, home missionaries, who work among a mistake to say that when thousands the natives and colored people living of Boers were transported to India and among the whites. The real revival of Ceylon during the war, then English mission interest among the Boers beand American missionaries ministered to gan about twenty-five years ago. these prisoners, and as a result, several hundred Boers at once volunteered for W E often speak of ourselves as only missionary work among the natives in "instrMments in God's hands." It Africa. The fact is that these prison- is our privilege to think of ourselves, if ers were ministered to by Dutch Re- we are truly His servants, as agents. An formed ministers and missionaries from instrument is a dumb, senseless, lifeless South Africa. Some were sent there thing, which has no active, intelligent by the church, and some, who were power even to cooperate with him who captured on the field, while accompany- handles and uses it; but an agent is one ing the commandos as chaplains, were who acts, however, in behalf of, and sent as prisoners of war. It was these under control of, another, yet acting inmen who were used by God to bring telligently and individually. We are about the revival in the camps and to God's agents, and He worketh not only by stir up the great missionary enthusiasm. us, but in us, both to wiJI and to work. One of the camps where the enthusiasm (See Greek of Philippians, ii, 13.)- was greatest, was on the Island of St. A. T. P. Helena, where there were no English or American missionaries. God was

DLD-WIDE

DYNE S JAPAN-KOREA plied that he never saw his own name thus coupled with that of his Lord but A Special Call for Japan he felt himself most unworthy of that honor; but if his neighbors had seen T WENTY new missionary families anything in him to suggest that those in the next ten years are sought names should go together, he could by the American Board for evangelistic only rejoice, and thank God that he had work in Japan. This may seem like a been permitted to bear that testimony.- large demand, but it is not if the pro- Dr. H. B. Newell, M atsuyama. portionate share of the Congregational church in the forty-four millions un- Changes in the Korean Church evangelized Japanese is nine million. If these twenty families could possibly REV. w. A. NOBLE writes in The be available at once, and set free for Korea Mission Field, that there new work, there would still be but one are great changes transpiring in the family to a population 0 £ more than life of the Korean Church. The fact four hundred and fifty thousand. These that in many of the churches the conmen and women are needed to fill gregations reported are not as large depleted ranks in the centers of work as they were five years ago, has led to already occupied, as well as to open the impression that there has been a new and promising centers. To those falling off in church-membership. The who know the situation the number actual baptized membership is steadily sought. seems to be the minimum re- increasing, but there has been a falling quirement. off in the numbers of those enrolled as coming under church influence, as a The "Christian Traitor" result of evangelistic effort.

T HE church in Japan has many A Notable Japanese Woman splendid men and women whose faith and devotion and loyalty would AN interesting and efficient new advoplace them on a level with the like cate of Christianity who has just products of any land. Tsuchida, the arisen in Japan is Mrs. Hiraoka, a headman of his village and often elected member of one of the most famous to the local assembly of his Prefecture, Japanese families and a woman possest was SUbjected at one time to petty per- of great wealth in her own right. In secution on account of his faith, and the businesS' world she is known as the once openly attacked with violence, and president of a life insurance company finally his name was placarded on the in Osaka, and also is the chief owner fences and walk and telegraph poles ()f of an important bank. Mrs. Hiraoka the whole countryside as "traitor" be- began the study of Christianity five cause he had abandoned the ancestral years ago, and two years ago was suffifaith. "Tsuchida the Christian traitor" ciently convinced of its truth to accept was the formula. When asked how baptism. Since that time she has desuch advertising affected him, he re- veloped a very intense missionary zeal

and has now declared her intention of where no preaching has ever been devoting the remainder of her life to an effort to convince her countrymen heard. that Christianity is the saving power which Japan most needs. This deter- Buddhism in Japan mination has recently led her to defy oriental conventions by appearing as a BUDDHISM in Japan is not yet dead speaker in public meetings. Those who as is seen from the fact that the have heard her praise her remarkable "bearing, fluency, distinctness in speak- University of Tokyo celebrates annually ing, earnestness and thought." .In her first public address she devoted herself a service in which the spirits of de- to a closely constructed argument 'show- ing that the Japanese race are in spiri- ceased criminals and poor people are tual necessities no different from the other races of the world, and declared appeased through sacrifices. Is it then that a religion which has been found suited to the needs of other leading to be wondered at that the butchers of nations of the earth must be the . religion Japan needs. Tokio bring sacrifices once every year Korean Students Accepting Christ to the animals they have killed through T HE report of the Student Y.M.CA. the year? Secretary in Korea, Choi Sung The Baseler Missionsmagazin points Mo, contains the following paragraph: "From last June to April of this year out the fact that Buddhism has' very I have been able to lead 272 men to decide to accept Jesus Christ as their influential propagators. Bowe Magata, Savior. A number of these are in my Bible classes and seventy-six of them the former councillor of finances of the are now known to be in regular attend- ance at the church. It was my duty Korean Government, now has brought to deliver the gospel both in public and in private and to visit the sick, and to life a historic Buddhistic society, I have done what I could as the time permitted, and I trust that the work of asserting that Japan owes her present my Master has been promoted by my services." Mr. Choi Sung Mo leads grandeur to this religion above every- sixteen different Bible classes, two of which are composed entirely of stu- thing else, and that Korea flourished dents from non-Christian private schools, while two other number among their only so long as the Korean people enrolment some sixty government school students. allowed themselves to be led by Buddha.

One of the most interesting features Such movements to revive the old re- of the Student Young Men's Christian Association work in Korea is the send- ligion are a proof of the influence of ing forth of evangelistic groups which preach the gospel in the neighboring Christianity.-Unsere H eidenmission. villages and country districts ofter Modernizing Korea A DISPATCH from Seoul, reports that a new energy has sprung up in the "Land of the Morning Calm," since the arrival of the Japanese. The tourist may still see "the white-robed Korean gentleman, with his sparse black beard, his majestic walk and stove-pipe hat, moving picturesquely through the wide streets of Seoul, ceaselessly puff- ing his long bamboo pipe." But the general life of the city has lost much of its former langor and ease.

Japan is sending the young people to school and putting the older people to work. In this work the American mis- sionaries and the representatives of the Young Men's Christian Association have rendered great aid, credit for which is cheerfully rendered by the Japanese, who are pushing forward government industrial schools. All the American

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nl1sslOnaries are exerting themselves in The name of this gentleman is with·· the practical education of youth, in- held. At the present time he is in this cluding manual training, and this phase country holding an important position of their work is most satisfactory both under the Chinese Government. He to Koreans and Japanese, since it is a splendid type of a Chinese Chrispoints the way to industrial prosperity. tian gentleman, well-educated and able -Christian Observer. to speak three Chinese dialects as well as English fluently. When he was CHINA eight years of age in China his father Fruit of Mis~;onary Toil and mother became Christians. It is his expectation to return to China at T HE latest statistics of evangelical the close of his present government church membership in the Republic service, and to spend the remainder of China give 470,000. The churches of his life in preaching the Gospel are served by 546 ordained Chinese to his own people. As an instance of pastors and 5,364 unordained workers. faith in missionaries and their work, There are also 4,712 Chinese Christian as well as confidence in the Society, school teachers, 1,789 Bible women aud this act is worthy of special recognition. 496 native assistants in the hospitals. Chinese Christians' contributed last year TChineae Church and Status of Women $320,900 for Christian work. There are HE long motionless East, where 85,241 Chinese boys and girls in the women traditionally are neither primary and day schools of the Chris- heard nor seen, is now threatening to tian Church, and 31,384 students in the lead the van in according them equal intermediate high schools and colleges status with men in the deliberative and maintained by the evangelical church. administrative councils of the Church. The hospitals number 235, with 200 dis- At the first diocesan conference over pensaries. The patients treated last which Bishop Norris, the lately apyear totaled 1,322,802. pointed bishop of North China, pre- sided in Peking, a motion was on thl! Chinese Gifts to Missions agenda paper of which the object wa,,, to abolish all differences between the ABANKER in Peking, some seventy status of women and men in regard to years old, recently confest that he church work and administration. Bishop had been under conviction since the Scott was present, and he told an Boxer uprising, and that his increasing audience at one of the S. P. G. Anniyears and the advancing crisis in China versary meetings that he understood the led him to turn to Christ as the only proposal to mean that women were to hope for himself and for the nation. be eligible as members' of vestries, fer He found such peace that he has set the election of churchwardens, and the aside money sufficient (from his in- government of local churches, and he come) to support a preacher "fr0111 thought it might also cover diocesan now until the close of human history." conferences, and possibly, hereafter, tht' Another Chinese Christian has willed general synod of the Church of China. .all his property to the American Bap- Both the Chinese and English members tist Foreign Missionary Union with the of the conference seemed favorable to stipulation that after his death it is to the motion, and it was referred to the be used for the spread of the Gospel in general synod. What its fate there will China. He has notified his brother in be remains to be seen, but it is evident China to act as executor for his prop- that the Christian brethren in North erty in that country, to see that the provisions of his will are carried out.

China will not quarrel with the S. P. C. March 8th the following answer was for its new departure this year in in- received from the President's office: viting a woman missionary to speak at "In reply to your letter, which the its anniversary, nor will they even think President has read, he states that the the C. M. S. Committee is moving too worship of Confucius is an ancient fast. rite which has' been observed for many ages during China's history, and has Presbyterians .in China been handed down from ancient times. It has nothing to do with religion. T HE Presbyterian Church of Christ Catholics, Protestants, Mohammedans, in China is rapidly completing its and men of other religious faiths, will organization, and it is expected that find nothing to keep them from entera General Assembly will be definiteiy ing official life. If the district magisestablished within two or three years. trates, for any reason are not able, o~ In 1902 a committee representing seven do not wish to worship Confucius, the different societies met in Shanghai and ceremony may be conducted by some prepared a "Plan of Union," recom- one else. A copy of the Presidential mending the complete independence of order of March 7th is enclosed, which the Chinese Church, and requesting the it is hoped will be translated and inchurch courts to take the steps neces- serted in all the foreign newspapers, sary to unite in one organized church. so that false rumors and misunder- The next step was the formation of a standings may be corrected." Signed Council, which met in 1907, represent- by Secretary of the President. ing twelve organized and two unorganized presbyteries. This Council, 1 Roman Catholics in China meeting at Tsinanfu in May of this N China there are 1,430 European year, voted to ask the presbyteries· to and 700 Catholic priests. The numsend to a meeting to be held at ber of Chinese Roman Christians in Shanghai next year delegates who will 19IO was said to be 1,364,618, and the come prepared to make arrangements number of baptisms for that year was for a General Assembly. The churches 95,832. For 187,371 Chinese, or for represented in the Council are the 627 Chinese Christians, there is one Chinese, the English, the Scotch, the Catholic priest, while of 299 Chinese Irish, the Canadian, the Dutch Re- one belongs to the Roman Catholic formed, the Northern Presbyterian and Church.-Unsere H eidenmission. the Southern Presbyterian. The statistics issued following the annual Y. M. C. A. in Peking meeting show that the Council embraces over 60,000 adult Chinese church T HE P~ki.ng Young Men's Christi~n members. Christians in China crave ASSOCIation has a students' SOCial the prayers of the whole Church Universal for guidance in shaping the service club with more than ISO mem-, new General Assembly. bers. Six night schools are run, by President Yuan on Religious Liberty the students–four among servants, ~he ON March 5th the Secretary of the other two having boy pupils. A social International Reform Bureau sent a letter to the President explaining study of the ricksha coolie has been various views in the foreign press regarding the real attitude 'of the made.: a hand-bill in simple· words, Chinese .Government on religious liberty, and asked which was true. .On called "The Meaning of the Republic,"

has been distributed, and lectures on patdotism, hygiene, and other subjects have been given in four public lecture halls. .

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INDIA tribesmen into communities, where they Christian Ideals in India are settled under police surveillance IN the Blue Book) giving the report with a missionary in charge, in some of the 19II Census of India, re- cases. The missionaries are quick to cently published, the Census Commis- take the utmost advantage possible of sioner states that Christian thought in- these opportunities for reaching the fluences large numbers who remain children of such families, and through Hindus, and Christian ideals and stand- them the parents.

ards are everywhere gaining vogue. There are about 160 children out of The European reader of Indian news- nearly six hundred persons who have papers is frequently astonished at the been placed in the mission settlement qt writers' familiarity with the Bible, Kavali, for whom the orphanage there while no politician can fail to take note wishes to provide. It is a great prob- of the influence of Christian thought lem, greater than we in this country can on sociaLquestions, such as polygamy, understand, to reach the wild child-life child marriage, and the inequalities of of India and set these little feet in the the caste system. paths of knowledge and usefulness Of the effect of conversion on the and the true religion.

Indian Christians themselves, Mr. A Devotee Rolling 350 Miles Blunt (one of the Provincial Superin- tendents of the Census), writes: "THE other day," writes a Methodist "The missionaries all these years missionary from Basim, South In- have been providing the corpus sanum dia, "I saw a Hindu rolling along in (if one thing is noticeable about Indian the road. I stopt him and asked him Christians it is their greater cleanliness where he was going. in dress and habits), and now they "He replied that his home was in are being rewarded by the appearance Amratsi, a hundred miles away, that of the mens sana. he 'expected to travel as tar as Pan- If the missionaries could and can dharpur, making a total distance f)f get little out of the first generation, the three hundred and fifty miles, and that second generation is in their hands after he had reached Pandharpur he from their earliest years. The children knew God would bless him and forgive of the converts born in Christianity are his sins. very different from their parents; their grandchildren will be better still." "I told him that this self-torture was quite unnecessary; that God had sent His Son into the world for the sake of Saving the Children of Robbers saving all mankind from their sins.

A REMARKABLE work has been "But the poor fellow shook his head, committed to some of the mission- 'refusing to believe me. 'I must keep "

aries in South India in order to pro- '.on,' he said. 'There is nothing else tect the country from the increase of 'for me to do.' And away he rolled>'

the criminal tribe known as the Donga "Watchful Waiting" in India Erukalas, or "Red Thieves," or "For- T tune-Tellers." The children of this HE Mohammedan contractor, an intelligent Indian, who built the . tribe are taught their parents' trade from infancy, and it is required of church and missi~n-house for Metho- them that they prove their skill in steal- dist missionary W. P. Byers, at Asan- ing before they can marry. . sol, Bengal, about 25 years ago, said The British Government is trying the to him at the time, "Sahib (sir), you policy of rounding up the offending will never win anyone to Christ in

this place. We all have" our own ployment. The new loom will not only religions." Mr. Byers quietly told him give far more profitable work to to wait and see. Several years later weavers, but it will employ large nUlll- the contractor came along at the hour bers of carpenters, smiths, and me- of service and was greatly astonished chanics in its manufacture. The Dec- when he saw the church filled with can Institute trains these artizans. people. "Vho are all these?" he. asked. "Christians,". replied Mr. Byers. "Is Feet-Washing in India it possible? It is really wonderful! I didn't think you could make any con- A BRAHMAN visiting a missionary verts in this region." in India saw a picture on the wall Open School Doors of Christ washing the disciples' feet. The Brahman said : "You Christians T HE educated youth of India pay pretend to be like JesuS' Christ, but you great attention to Chri5tianity. A are not; none of you ever wash people's short time ago the most important feet." The missionary said, "But that stations of the Basel Mission were is just what we are doing all the time! visited by Inspectors Dipper and Miller. You Brahmans say you sprang from The school in Kalikut was also exam- the head of your god Brahm; that the ined. The report said: "Six hundred next caste lower sprang from his young men, pupils of the high-school, shoulders; the next lower from his mostly heathen, filled the room. One loins, and that the low caste sprang should have seen the shining eyes of from his feet. Weare washing India's the Hindus and observed the attention feet, and when you proud Brahmans with which they listened when the see the low caste and the outcaste get- Director of the school in his words of ting educated and Christianized – greeting, said that Jesus is the crown washed, clean, beautiful, and holy inof all wisdom and knowledge. The side and outside-you Brahmans and all educated Hindu seems just now to be India will say, 'Lord, not my feet only, very accessible to Christianity, and but also my hands and my head.' " Mission schools should take advantage of ·that fact.-Unsere Heidenmission. Humanitarianism Among Hindus The Loom as a Missionary Agency IT has often been pointed out that MR. C. D. CHURCHILL,. of the the by-products of Christian mis- . American Deccan Instltute-a sions are sometimes as striking as their Christian industrial school in India on direct results. The following extract Hampton lines-has been experimenting from Christian Work is a fresh illusfor eleven years on an improved hand tration of this: "The reaction of Chrisloom for the use of the mass~S' of India. tian civilization on Hindu life has The Government has subsidized his in- stimulated the development of various vention to the extent of about $9,000. humanitarian enterprises among edu- This loom now produces in the hands cated Hindus. Thus Seva Sedan, or of one of his school boys, in less than Sisters of Indian Society, founded in eight hours', forty yards of "dongre" Bombay in 1908, seeks t.o train Indian -coarse cotton cloth, suitable for women for educational, medical and towelling. An expert produces far social-philanthropic work. This' society more. Hand weaving is increasing, has put out small branches in Poona rather than diminishing, in India. Next and Ahmedabad and expends some to agriculture it is the chief Indian em- 20,000 rupees for its ends. The Society of the Servants of India has similar purposes in view for the men of India.

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Its leader is Mr. Gokhale, a Brahmin their losses in numbers and in propof high culture, distinguished as a erty, and to-day their friends are aspublicist, member of the 'vice-regal tonished to see them negotiating with council. Mr. Gokhale is an agnostic the Turks concerning national quesand a strong prohibitionist who works tions on a basis of something like to sweep out of India the cankerous equality. Armenians now have their drink customs which have come in with votes for members of Parliament under the British rule. the constitution of the empire. Their young men do military service as do MOSLEM LANDS treir Mohammedan neighbors, and serious as it is to be a soldier in the American Ambassador Inspecting Turkish army in these years of war, Missions when Armenians have borne their share of soldier service for a term of IT is long since an American am- years massacre and pillage will be ren- bassador to Turkey has shown suffi- dered impossible. Armenians have their cient interest in the missionary work representatives in the cabinet, the di'pbeing done by Americans in the Near lomatic body, and the civil service. East to visit the various mission stations, and the broadmindedness of the Best of all, the Armenians have been present ambassador, Mr. Henry Mor- quietly multiplying and improving their genthau, in making such a six-weeks' schools. The Ottoman State practically tour of inspection is especially striking. fosters only Moslem schools, but there His visit to the Syrian Protestant Col- are computed to be more Christian lege in Beirut, accompanied by mem- schools' and scholars than Moslem in bers of his family, Mr. Peet, the the empire. Christians must pay their treasurer of the American Board mis- share of the taxes, and support their sions in Turkey, and Mr. Schmavonian, own schools 111 addition.-Congregalegal adviser to the embassy in Con- tionalist. stantinople, was made a great occasion by faculty and students. A reception New Work in Turkestan was also given him by Khalil Effendi Sarkis on behalf of the Protestants of T HE Russian Church has recently Beirut. Two meetings were held at taken up work for the Moslems in the college, at both of which Mr. Turkestan. The Government is dis- Morgenthau spoke, the second time his pleased at this, but can not interfere subject being "True Manhood." His as the Holy Synod is all powerful. visit to Beirut coincided with that of The Greek Church missionary is a Mrs. Kennedy and her party, to whose converted Tartar from Siberia, and trip around the world reference was has written a clever attack on Islam. made in the June REVIEW. The British and Foreign Bible Society has also opened a Bible agency in New Status of Armenians Taschkend, Turkestan, and several col- porteurs have received permission to ONE of the most striking results of work among Moslems. American missionary effort is the A Social Survey of Jerusalem changed posItion of the Armenian race in the Turkish Empire. A generation RABBI STEPHEN S. WISE, of the ago, the Armenians were virtually Free Synagog in New York, has slaves, and it was only in 1895 that the heart-breaking period of massacres and been planning for several years a study pillage occurred. of social and industrial conditions among the Jews of Palestine, and with Now the Armenians have made good

the cooperation of Ambassador Mor- made the pilgrimage to Mecca, but genthau, Adolph Lewisohn and Nathan subsequently had, in all probability, Straus, the plans have culminated in fallen in with a missionary. After a the appointment of a commission or time he was arrested and since it was three members, each an expert in his thought that if he were exiled, he would own field, to undertake the work of only spread the heresy elsewhere, he making "an intensive social survey of was sentenced to death. His body Jewish conditions within and without was pierced through with a sharp Jerusalem." The work is to be begun stick and he was left on a tree to die. in the early fall, and when the investi- His disciples fled further east and, gators return to America a report of tho not attaining to any positive faith, their findings will bc published. continued to uphold the doctrine of According to The Survey magazine, the Koran's worthlessness. A few this survey of the old Jerusalem by years ago, Dr. Barjary, of the C. M. the Jews of the new world gives the S., visited them, but found no response social survey its first international and among them. Last year, however, a perhaps most conspicuous venture. man came into Zaria, to Dr. Miller, and asked for teaching. By some mis- AFRICA unden,tanding he was sent to a school to learn reading. This did not satisfy Vastness of this Continent him, and he left, only to return later with another, saying that what they O AN CRAWFORD says, in The wanted was not learning, but religion. Record of Christian Work: "Africa They then opened up their hearts and is far, far bigger than you think. Give told how they and many others of their me the whole of India, and in it goes. people had been waiting for the Word N ow, the whole of China, and in that of God. This naturally interested Dr. goes too. Plus India and China, give Miller intensely and he has sent out me Australia, and in the' three go Christian young men to their parts. easily. And still Africa, my Africa, They have chosen a central town and like Oliver Twist, asks for more. So for twenty miles around these antiwe will put in Europe. In it all goes, Mohammedan Protestants gather each and even' then I have what I believe Sunday for instruction in Christianity. the Vanderbilts call marginal millions. And yet you hear people speaking as An Eye to Business if when you were in Central Africa you could live the life of a sort of "OLD customs die hard in Africa," week-ender, and just run out to see writes a' missionary teacher in your friends the Joneses or the Robin-' sons." our Methodist School at Quessua, Angola. "A man came to us last year Successful Work Among Moslems and brought two of his daughters. This spring he brought two more. He MISS CLARK of the Sudan In- seemed very happy to place them in terior Mission tells a remarkable our care, and I was touched by his story of a spontaneous movement among fatherly interest in just girls. So I certain Mohammedans of the Sudan. asked him his motive in bringing them Some forty-five years ago a M aUam to us. He told me quite frankly that came from the East to Zaria (Nigeria) his brother's. daughter had been a and began preaching that Mohammed student in our school, and that when was not a prophet of God and that she went home she could read books, the Koran was a lying bOf)k. He had write letters, and sew, and that the

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

man who married her gave her father AMERICA-NORTH twenty-four dollars more than the TJohn R. Mott to Visit the Near East usual gift for a wife. 'Now,' he con- HE conferences which Dr. Mott, cluded, 'if you will whip my daughters as Chairman of the Edinburgh and teach them everything until they Continuation Committee, has held with grow up, I will be worth more than missionary workers in India, China, my brother.' So, as it appeared, he Korea and Japan during the last two had at least a business interest in our years have been recognized as perhaps school." the most epoch-making series of events in recent missionary history. Dr. Matt Hunger in North Transvaal started to the Orient at the close of FOR some time the missionaries in the meeting of the Continuation Com- Wendalande, North Transvaal, have mittee at Lake Mohonk in I912. Next reported a hunger for the Vord of September, the Continuation Committee God, such as has never before been plans to meet in England, and from heard of. The demand for Christian there Mr. Matt will immediately set literature is still great. The new book forth to a series of conferences in the in which the Gospels' and Epistles for near east. Algiers, Cairo, Beirut and the different Sundays are gathered, in Constantinople will be the main points the Venda language, is received with visited, and to each place a group of great joy, and the new revision of 75 to 100 missionary workers of all the Greater Catechism undertaken by denominations will be drawn to take Missionary Schwellnus, is looked for counsel on the big current questions of with great anticipation.-Der Missions mission policy. On this tour, as' on Freund. the tour of the further orient, Dr. Mott will take time for evangelistic Bible in Peculiar Form meetings with the students of both missionary and government colleges.

W HAT is, perhaps, the most extra- T Mr•. Jesup'. Gifts ordinary form in which the Bible HE bequests made to religious and has ever been offered is that edition of the Scriptures in the language of scientific agencies in the will of Uganda. The volume is of great Mrs. Morris K. Jesup are impressive length, but only three inches in thick- in number and variety. It would re- ness and the same in width. A pecu- quire no inconsiderable amount of re- liar reason occasioned the adoption of flection and conference to disperse so this form. In Central Africa, the large sums in a way that would be white ants and other insects r~pidly assuring and satisfying. Such a dis- destroy books unless they are well pro- tribution as was made by her is a tected. The representatives of the tribute to the wisdom no less than the Church Missionary Society, according- humaneness of the testator. She gave ly, recommended to the Bible Society $8,450,000 to 40 or more public insti- that it should issue this edition in a tutions. The largest bequest amounted form that would fit into the tin biscuit to $5,000,000 and was made to the boxes of a certain firm that is popular American Museum of National History, in Uganda families. This was' done, of which her deceased husband had and the ant-proof tin box is just large been for 26 years president. Among enough to hold this Bible, a small other gifts were these: Syrian Protes- Bible history, a hymnal and a prayer tant College, $400,000; Yale University, book. $300,000; Union Theological Seminary,

$300,000 ; Young Men's Christian As- as many as possible." With this decsociation, $25°,000; American S. S. laration of a life purpose Mr. William Union, $15°,000; New York City Mis- H. West began his work in Dover sion and Tract Society, $15°,000; Wo- Street, Boston, nearly twenty-five years men's New York City Mission and ago, and the Mission ever since has Tract Society, $100,000; Presbyterian been seeking to res'cue lost men and Home Missions, $15°,000; Presbyterian women and to reconstruct broken lives. Foreign Missions, $15°,000; New York From the report of the present super- State Woman's Hospital, $150,000 ; intendent, Mr. P. E. Call, we quote the Williams College, $15°,000; Presby- following: "The total attendance was terian Board of Relief for Ministers, nearly 40,000, with the Hall well filled $100,000; International Young Men's nightly, and we have been obliged to Christian Association, $100,000. turn people away for lack of room. The free Sunday morning breakfast Nine Hundred Pages of Charities for men draws double the number that the Hall will accommodate, and many I T requires a book of 900 pages to a half-starved man has come in here tell even in briefest outline of the and gone out again with the deter- 3,700 charitable and religious organiza- mination to s'erve Jesus Christ. tions in New York City, listed in the Charities Directory of 1914. Of these Every morning at 10.30 a prayer organizations about one-half are church- meeting is held, and the converts are es. Six thousand persons are en- helped to study the Word, for no gaged in a great variety of social ser- Christian can grow unless he feeds vice work in the city. The secretary upon the Bible and constantly keeps of the New York State Board of III touch with God through prayer." Charities has estimated that $30,000,- 000 is given annually in New York The Southern General Assembly's City for various forms of relief. Yes, there is much to be done at home. As T "Missionary Declaration" a rule it is being well and generously HE Kansas City General Assembly done. For the most part it is being gave earnest and careful consideradone by the very people who are giving tion to the claims and needs of Foreign most and thinking and praying most Missionary work. In addition to refor the building up of the Kingdom affirming the historic deliverance of the of God abroad. Rarely can a man or first Assembly of the Southern Church woman be found ready to give time in regard to Foreign Missions, it laid and self and money to the meeting large emphasis upon the "Missionary of home needs, whose vision is not Platform" adopted by the Assembly at wide enough and whose love is not Birmingham in 19°7, and pronounced, big enough to take in the needs of in no uncertain terms, that if the the world. The man with the world progress which the Church has made vision and the world heart is the most is to continue, there must be a very. generous helper and the most earnest large increase in offerings for Foreign worker at home, Mission work. According to this Plat- form the Church, covenanted with God The Union Rescue Mission of Boston and the other Christian denominations to evangelize 25,000,000 people' in "I PROPOSE to place myself directly seven foreign countries, as the rightful share of the non-Christian world, and across the stream of humanity that called for an offering of $1,000,000 per is flowing downward, and from the year as the necessary means of accomgreat submerged class reach and save

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plishing this sacred task. The As- thousand dollars, and last year nearly sembly further declared its belief that 70 times that sum. The society has to assume "a definite obligation for 400 mission stations and out-stations in some definite part of our Foreign Mis- I6 foreign lands, and the accessions by sion work" is the best means to over- baptism show an increase of IS per take the missionary task. cent. in the past year. The contribu- tions of the native Christians show an Steel Works and a Mission increase of 20 per cent. The value of property reported on the foreign field W HAT William Penn would have has increased $50,000. One of the characterized as a "holy experi- fields where there has been marked ment," has been working out for the progress is the West China mission. past year at Coatesville, Pennsylvania, Many widle evangelistic circuits have the town of iron and steel, under the been made, and several large cities auspices. of the Lukens Iron and Steel along the Tibetan border are under Company, whose officers, Mr. Charles cons-ideration for the opening of new L. Huston and others, are active Chris- stations. Dr. A. B. Simpson, the Presitian men. dent of the Alliance in his annual address, characterized the organization In July, I9I2, when there was scar- as an evangelical, evangelistic, spiricity of unskilled laborers, employment tual, interdenominational and inter· in the works was offered to the men national movement, which has been from the Inasmuch Mission of Phila- remarkable for the pioneer work that delphia. Twenty-four responded to the it has done. first invitation, and since then hundreds from two rescue missions have found Successful Work Among Canadian Jews their way to Coatesville to work in the Lukens mills. A special boarding house T HE Christian Synagog in Toronto has been provided for them, where they was dedicated in June, I9I3, and could be looked after and cared for in shortly 'afterward the first Presbya sympathetic atmosphere. terian Hebrew church in Canada, and indeed in the world, was organized. As the new arrivals come in from There has been a total attendance at time to time, some who. have been there the Saturday and Sunday evening serlong enough to become strong, vacate vices throughoilt the year of nearly their rooms and find homes elsewhere. 5,000: But it has also been the aim of those in charge to touch the life Sunday-schools' for the negro resi- of the people in all its phases, and to dents of Coatesville and for the hun- this end various agencies, such as dreds of immigrants employed in the night schools for men and women, mills are conducted by the officers of sewing, music, and physical culture the Lukens company, with the active classes, a day nursery and a free disassistance of the Philadelphia mission pensary, have been employed. The men. It is said that there is' no "labor Synagog is open every day from problem" at Coatesville. eight in the morning until after nine at night, and the missionary is acces- Christian Alliance Progress sible at all times. Of one result of the work, the Superintendent, Rev. S. T HE Christian and Missionary Alli- B. Rohold, writes in his annual report: ance has this year celebrated the "We can claim, by the mercy of God, quarter-centennial of its founding, and that we have created an appetite at the Annual Council meeting this spring some noteworthy facts were brought out. The income of the society for its first year was five

among the Jews for reading the Word tivities. He has inaugurated a camof God. Besides the thousands uf paign against tuberculosis, the great tracts and the Bibles and New Testa- scourge of the Indians. He has estabments that have been distributed freely lished schools for Indian chiI'dren and by the different workers of the Mis- started reading-rooms which are greatly sion, we have had the privilege of appreciated by the Government. Dr. selling Scriptures to the value of Stringer has passed through many $539.80." hardships, and his' eldest child was the first white child born so far north. Religious Census of Canada T HE official religious census of Results of a Mexican Bible-Class Canada for the year 1911 has been issued. The population of the Domin- B IBLE study that leads to a true ion in June of that year was 7,206,643. spirit of service demonstrates its Seventy-five separate religious beliefs genuineness. Some time ago a group were specified. The number of persons of students in the Mexico City Young returned as of "No Religion" is 32,490. Men's Christian Association were in- The Roman Catholic figure is 2,833,- duced to join a Bible class, studying 041, more than one-third of the total Stalker's "Life of Christ." The result population-a fact attributed to the of their study was a voluntary decisiol1 great preponderance of Canadians of of the class to celebrate in a fitting French extraction in the Province of way the close of the course. This they Quebec. The second strongest body did by organizing a "Fiesta de Cariare the Presbyterians, numbering l,rrs,- dad" (a dinner and a party) for the 324. Then come' the Methodists, num- general help of the Association, made bering 1,079,892; the Anglicans, 1,043- up from the working people. They 017; the Baptists, 382,666; the Luther- raised the money for the dinner among ans, 229,864; the Greek Church, 88,s07; themselves, purchased presents for the while the Jews number 74,S64, as com- most worthy employees, and thenpared with 16,401 in 190I. The Men- unh'eard-of thing-actually aided 111 nonites are credited with 44,6rr ad- serving the dinner themselves! Only herents; the Salvation Army with those familiar with social conditions 18,834; Buddhists, 10,012; Sikhs and and with the caste spirit that obtains Hindus, 1,758 ; Mohammedans, 797; in some parts of Latin America, can Spiritualists, 674; and "Socialists," 206. appreciate what this incident meant.

ISLAND WORLD The Church Farthest North Filipino Chapel at Campus Gate ONE of the most interesting chapters T HE agricultural school of the in recent church history is the American Government as developed founding of the Anglican missionary at Los Banos, southwest of Manila, church on the Yukon. The present offers a fine field' for the student pastor bishop of Yukon, Dr. Isaac O. Stringer, whom it is hoped to establish there. has a "parish" which extends to 200,000 Here come young men of all the tribes square miles, and he has already given inhabiting the Philippines to study nearly ten years to this arduous work. modern scientific agriculture under aus- He has not merely the care of all the pices which open their minds to all churches, with a working staff of eight the new ideals of the twentieth century. clergy, six lay readers, several teachers, To implant the conceptions of an and four Indian catechizers, but is also evangelical Gospel in their thought at engaged in a multiplicity of public ac- this impressionable period is Christian

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

strategy of the highest significance. other parts of Ambrim to expostUlate Rev. Chas. R. Hamilton is hoping to with the chief. He was examined pubobtain, before his return to the Philip- licly as to his conversion, and scoffed pines from his present furlough, a at when he said he was going to trust donation of $5,000 which wiIl provide in JesuS'. Amid all the persecution, a chapel close to the entrance of the however, he has stood firm. campus of the agricultural schoo!. EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN A preaching place is necessary first of all because the strict rules of the Salvation Army Congress Government will not permit the use of any building on the campus for this T HE second International Congress purpose. But the authorities of the of the Salvation Army was held institution are thoroughly in sympathy in 1904. The third, which assembled with religious work of this sort, and in London in June of this year, waS' will undoubtedly lend encouragement the most striking demonstration which to a Presbyterian missionary stationed has ever been made, of the worldthere. The Roman Catholics are erect- wide character of the movement, as ing a chapel in the same advantageous well of the numbers enrolled.. To-day neighborhood, and will undoubtedly the organization speaks in twenty-five place in control there one of their languages to the poor and the outcast most capable priests.-The Continent. of fifty-eight countries and colonies. Nearly 9,500 corps and outposts are A Chief's Conversion located throughout the world. Its con- stituency is numbered by the million. T HE folJowing is from the pen of Rev. Maurice Frazer, of the New Almost the entire Salvation Army Hebrides Mission: "At first, when field was represented at the Congress. Joseph, the teacher, began work at Asi, The delegates contributed largely to the old men clung to their heathen the entertainment at the meetings by ceremonies and would not attend doing things quite ordinary to them, Christian worship. But, lately, the but extremely novel to their. audiences. leading chief of Asi has severed his a party of converted Zulus, for examconnection with heathenism, and is ple, giving a war-dance. Some of giving Joseph alJ poss'ible assistance in these delegations prostrated themselves the conduct of Christian worship. His before General Booth, as the custom conversion was the signal for a fresh is in their countries when approaching outburst of rage and mischief on the greatness. The Salvation Army Interpart of the Samio people against the national Hall on the _Strand was dediworshiping people of Asi. The 'sacred' cated on Friday afternoon, June 12th, men of Samio were greatly upset, and the second day of the Congress, with they created a great commotion in the a "Concourse of Nations." district. They had quietly acquiesced in the young men and women of Asi Field-Marshals on Fol'eign Missions leaving heathenism and joining the Worship-that step they regarded as inevit- T HREE distinguished Field-Marable. But the idea of a 'sacred' man shals, Lord Roberts, Grenfell, and going over to the Worship was abhor- Methuen, have addrest a letter to rent, and they visited him time and army officers, saying: "You will most again to endeavor to get him back to certainly come into contact with the heathenism. Failing in their enter- representatives of various Christian prise, they brought 'sacred' mlln from missionary societies whose special work it is to show to non-Christian peoples the loye gf the Christ whom

we profess to serve. We commend women trained in the Tiibingen Instithese missionaries to you as a body of tute were in the foreign field. The men and women who are working characteristic thoroughness of the helpfully with the Government, and German is shown in the training recontributing to the elevation of the quired for mission doctors and nurses, people in a way impossible to official and is always justified in practise. action. Some object to Christian missions in ignorance of their real value. Philanthropic Work in St. Petersburg We would suggest that you will use all opportunities of making yourself pASTOR FETLER, the Baptist personally acquainted with the work preacher in St. Petersburg, is makthey are doing, and the character of the converts. Most missions will bear ing many friends also by his philanlooking into, and we are convinced that thropic activities. During the winter he if you will do this you will never had under his care between 40 and So afterward condemn or belittle them." former drunkards and outcasts who had been influenced by his preaching. His THE CONTINENT own people subscribed for the mainten- ance of the men, and gave clothes for Professor of Missions them, while they themselves did any work that could be found for them. As T HE German Colonial Institute, at a result Mr. Fetler has received expres- Hamburg, created a professorship sions of sympathy from some of the of the science of foreign missions, and Government officials. Gospel and philpresented the chi<lir to Pastor M. anthropic workers have gladly asso· Schlunk, the director of the North ciated themselves with the movement German Missionary Society. Professor arising out of the manifesto by the Schlunk is an esteemed expert in the Czar against drink. Thus their efforts educational foreign mission work, and for the uplifting of the fallen and the the author of valuable books. The degraded are becoming recognized in institute is a training-school for army, this way. navy and civil officers, planters and merchants going to the colonies. Pastor A Chair for Missions at the University Meinhof, the famous "explorer" of of Berlin African languages, IS one of the professors. FOR a long time mission friends have hopefully looked for a chair for German Medical Missions missions at the University of Berlin. In Halle Dr. Warneck was called to FOURTEEN medical missionary as- lecture on missions. In Leipzig Pro- sociations in Germany and Swit- fessor Dr. Paul, Director of the Leipzerland are represented in the German zig Mission, was called to lecture there Medical Missionary Year-Book for on that subject. In Berlin several 1914. The center of thes'e various as- Dozents occasionally held lectures on sociations is the Medical Missionary mISSIOns. Now, through the represen- Institute in the University of Tiibingen, tations of the theological faculty, Dr. which provides for the full or partial Julius Richter, the wel1-known editor training of doctors, for the prepara- of the Allgemeine Missionszeits.chrift, tion of nurses and midwives for ser- and of the Evangelische Missionen, has vice on mission fields, and for hospital been appointed extraordinary professor work in the recognition and treatment to lecture exclusively on mISSIOns. of tropical diseases. At the opening This event is especially important for of this year Germany had 22 medical the evangelical missionary world.-Der missionaries in active service, and 36 Christliche Apologete.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

Student Work in Bohemia tion of that district, estimated at T HE winter semester of 1913-1914 50,000, is fleeing to Berat and Avlona. saw most encouraging develop- To meet this great emergency will you ments in Bohemia. An effort made not help all you can through W. W. in December to establish a permanent Peet, Bible House, Constantinople. treasury with funds for a forward Whatever the outcome of all this movement met with good success. The struggle, the survivors will need arrival of the new secretary and his Christian help in this the hour of their wife gave the Committee confidence, dire calamity. Continue to pray for and after a search, suitable quarters for Albania and the Albanians."

a foyer were found in the heart of MISCELLANEOUS the city of Prague. These became available at the middle of February, Minions Forging to the Front and on the Universal Day of Prayer were opened amid scenes of great O UT of IIS theQlogical schools inenthusiasm. The power of the Spirit vestigated by the Edinburgh Miswas' manifest in many ways, and the sionary Conference, 58 included misprayers of friends all over the world sionS' in their curriculum, II of them were abundantly answered. Two things being elective only. Thirty-eight of are needed now, wisdom to use the these seminaries had no instruction in foyer to the full and. in the best way, "missions at all. It is hard to underas a meeting-place for students, and stand in this day how any school for courage to face the problems of fi- the training of the ministry can surnance and administration which are in- vive without courseS' in missions and the Sunday-school.

volved in all such beginnings. "We Minion Among Lepers have many friendS' and we hope, no T enemies, but our task is great and we HERE is no more noble work in the world than mission work need the prayers of Federation work- ers, especially in this coming year," among the many lepers in the East.

writes Mr. Rose. The lepers are outcasts from their own people, and what missionaries do for Suffering in Albania them is the only bright spot in their lives'. The story of this line of mission REV. PHINEAS B. KENNEDY, of work is most pathetic. Dr. John Jack~ the American Board writes from son, secretary of one of the principal Durazzo, on July lIth: "Albania is at missions among lepers in the East.

the mercy of her enemies' from within writes as follows in the Sunday-school and without. This city is still be- Times.: "India has at least 200,000 sieged by the insurgents, but is well lepers. Vast numbers of them are defended. The suffering back in the hopeless outcasts, regarded "as under the country is very great but at present very curse of their gods, refused shelter the roads are closed to the interior. by their own kindred, and driven out With such funds as we have in hand to die as homeless wanderers. Stricken we are doing relief work in Durazzo by a disease that is loathsome, conta- and Avlona. News' just received from gious, and incurable, they are surely of Kortcha states that it l}ad been at- all men most miserable.

tacked on three sides by the Insurgents, "China has unnumbered thousands of the Greek regular army, and the 'Epi- these hopelesS' sufferers. I found in rates.' After a two-days'- struggle one village alone, outside the city of the city yielded. The entire popula- Canton, s"even or eight hundred lepers

herded together in dark, dismal houses and athlete before he decided to enter unfit for human habitation. The authori- the Church, he brought an unusual ties informed me that they estimated combination of qualities to his chosen the number of lepers in their own prov- life-work, and when, after several ince of Kwang~tung, at not less than years of service in the home church, r 5,000. Other provinces of Southern he offered himself for the foreign China are known to be terribly affected, work, he was recognized as a man of while leprosy is quite common as far exceptional power. After twenty-one north as Hankow. years of effective service, he was re- tired for reasons of health in 19I1, and "A recent letter from Korea says since that time has been one of the that there are probably 30,000 lepers in canons of Durham Cathedra). One of that country, of whom the greater the most dramatic episodes in his mis- maj ority are homeless outcasts. sionary career occurred in r892, when Bishop Tucker had the bones of the "In Tokyo, I was informed by the martyr Bishop Hannington exhumed and head of the Japanese medical depart- given Christian burial outside the great ment, that they had official knowledge thatched church of St. Paul on Namir- of at least 40,000 families in Japan in embe Hill, Uganda, and the slayer of which leprosy was known to exist. Ex- Bishop Hannington, King M'wanga, perience has shown that it is safe to was present as a member of the Chris~ mUltiply: the acknowledged numbers by tian congregation. two or three figures in order to get at the actual total. It will thus be seen Missionaries Drowned in India that if we confine our views to the great lands of the Orient we are con- MR. WILBUR SMITH, of Poona, fronted with an appalling mass of writes that Dr. Peter Baillie and J. hopeless suffering among the lepers of the twentieth century." H. Diack, Esq., of the United Free Church of Scotland Mission, were Notice-Medical Missionaries drowned at Mahableshwar on May 16th. They had been attending the T WO hundred missionaries from Language School of the. Western India Missionary Association for several · home and foreign fields are ex- weeks, and were out for an afternoon's pected to attend the Sixth Annual tramp with the other members of the Medical Missionary Conference to be school. In the afternoon they left the held at Battle Creek, Michigan, N o~ rest of the party in order to take a vember 17-20, 1914. Bishop E. R. plunge in a small pool in the vicinity, Hendrix of Kansas City will preside. where their bodies were later found. A splendid program of much interest It was evident that Mr. Diack had is being arranged. gone to Dr. Baillie's help when the latter found himself in difficulty, and, OBITUARY in seeking to save his friend, lost his own life. Dr. Baillie came to India A Bishop Tucker of Uganda but a few months ago, and was soon NOTHER great name, worthy to to proced to his station at Jalna in the stand with those of Hannington, Nizam's Dominions. Mr. Diack, also, Pilkington and Mackay, has been added but recently came out. He had been ·to the roll of the heroes of Uganda, on the faculty of Wilson College ill in the death of Bishop Tucker, who Bombay, . where he was much' loved · went out in 1890 as Bishop of Eastern and respected. Equatorial Africa. That vast territory has since been divided into three dio- cases, of which U~anda is Olle. Artist

w· · · · ·J II IONS /0….]…./…'!I

'; BOOKS ON MI AND .. ….~.. . ……././ MISSION LANDS . – ".,..l …………………

1'1.

By Nippon's Lotus Ponds. Pen Pictures despair as to ultimate results of work of Real Japan. By Matthias Klein, for- done there in the name of Him the merly Missionary and Government latchet of whose shoe Buddha is un- worthy to unloose. • Teacher in Japan. Illustrated. 12mo, cloth. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell The Christian Movement in Japan. 1914. Co., New York, 1914. Tenth annual volume. Edited by John L. Dearing. Maps. 8vo. 668 pp. These are pictures of life in the $1.25. Published in Japan. For sale interior and country districts of Japan. by the Missionary Education Moveuntouched by the average tourist. To ment, New York. the leader of a study class the book is valuable, for instance in the pre- This is an invaluable compendium paration of a monolog and for the of up-to-date information concerning clear arrangement of contents. It also Japan, including also Korea and Forwakens new sympathy for Japan's hard- mosa. Missionaries, editors and others working people. One might criticize interested in things J apallese can the reiteration of the adjective "little" scarcely afford to be without such a as in "little men," "little carpenters," handbook. This year among the "little sailors," etc., and it gives prob- special features are the symposium on ably unintentionally, a bit of patron- Hostel Work, the article on Social izing touch somewhat out of taste. Conditions, on Kindergartens and on The chapters on Fishers and Fisher- the Continuation Committee Conference men, on Flowers and Forests are note- in Japan. Korea is given a prominent worthy. The account of the school- place, and separate statistics for all girls on a holiday trip to some of lands are the most complete and re- Japan's Meccas, with their welcome to liable obtainable. These statistics (for a monstrous big pot of "honorable Protestants) show 46 missions in Japan tea," is charming. The contrast be- with 624 mIsSIonaries and 102,790 tween the funeral customs, so crude, church-members. In' Korea there are so painfully material, and the later I3 missionary agencies with 480 misfestivals for the departed spirits IS sionaries and 72,203 communicant' striking. The floating lanterns on the church-members. waves, the lighted tapers, the tinkling bells, the cedar. boughs and the white Herbert Stanley Jenkins, M.D., F.R.G.S., and gold lillies, the water poured 011 Medical Missionary in Shensi. By the ground to slake the thirst of those Richard Glover. D.D. Map, frontisdeparted, combine ill one more appeal piece. l2mo. 154 pp. 2s., net. The for the true light and rebuke the Carey Press, London, 1914. morbid grief with its indulged expres· sions, of Christians at home. The .Nowhere in the Oriental world has book is a help in adjustment to that the medical missionary found a larger, golden mean between exaggerated, un- more fruitful sphere of service than in~l1igent admiration for' all things in China. He has been the dissipator oriental and the deplorable extreme of of prejudice, the road-breaker, the foundation-layer, in many a city and in many a human heart. The' iin7

measurable need and opportunity of cated to Syria, this biography of a China have drawn to it some of the twiceborn Syrian is, as Dr. Stanley choicest spirits, men and women im- il,Thite says in his foreword "a tonic to bued with the spirit of the great Phy- one's jaded spirit" and "an apologetic sician, men like Noyes of Canton, for the inspiration of the Scripture David Grant of Chinchew, Mackenzie that can not be answered." The de- of Tientsin, Jackson of Mukden, and liberateness of Habeeb's conversion by women equally lofty-souled. "They means of the Bible alone, the exchange had learned that the 'candle of truth' of the old sword-after a forty mile needs a 'candlestick of mercy,' and that walk-for the Sword of the Spirit, how of all forms of mercy, medical mercy that Sword served in the varied perse- is the one most needed and least cutions following, the dramatic scene likely to be abused in heathen lands." of the wife returning to her husband On this honor-roll belongs the name and to the greater loyalty to his God, of Herbert Stanley Jenkins, of Sian- the inevitable growth about this born fu, Shensi. He was an ideal medical leader of a group of believers, the missionary, a man of strength and Church in the home and the subsequent gentleness, proficient in his profession, history of the Church and School at quick in the mastery of the Chinese Mahardeh, the happy following of the language, deeply evangelistic in spirit. son in his father's footsteps, the edu- His was a short but brilliant career, cation of the daughter, the final eleva- only seven years "in the saddle," and tion of the man to civil preferment- no sight of the "long day by the fire." these all hold one with intense interest.

Dr. Richard Glover, a master-spirit "Once on the verge of martyrdom in among English Baptists, has written a the flames of persecution, often driven brief but stirring and stimulating from the village as a disturber of peace sketch of Dr. Jenkin's life, to which and corrupter of youth, opposed and he adds two chapters on the work of resisted in his public and private the English Baptists in Shantung and career," at last we find ·Habeeb selected Shensi. This book illustrates afresh by the Turkish Government as civil the 'rare nobility 6f those men and president of the municipality of women who have staked and are Mahardeh, an office for which he wa"

staking their all that Jesus Christ may not even an aspirant. "Firm but not be known among the ungospe1ed. The bigoted, zealous but not hostile, the book can be read in an hour and a hali. one object of his life was to win all One rises from it with a sense of his neighbors to Christ; a true man, hush and elevation and humiliation and a loyal friend, such was and still is spur, and the exclamation-"Where is Habeeb the Beloved."

there anywhere such a power as that Tales of the African Wild. By Fred W. of JesuS' Christ to make godlike, heroic Dodds. 12mo. 175 pp. 2s. W. A.

men." Hammond, London, 1914.

With graphic pen the author pictures Habeeb the Beloved. A Tale of Life in the life in Southern Nigeria, and tells Modern Syria. By William S. Nelson, many weird and pathetic stories of the D.D. Illustrated. 16mo. 102 pp. 75 beliefs and customs that make a mis- cents, net. The Westminster Press, sionary's work difficult but necessary. Philadelphia, 1914. The tales are interesting and well told Dedicated to the Syrian people in the name of Him who was one of and give a most realistic idea of the them, by the well-known and honored fetish worship, the hard lot of woman, missionary, whose life is itself dedi- and the kind of work that missionaries

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION

are doing. The chapters make excel- Everlasting Pearl. One of China's lent reading for missionary meetings. Women.. By Anna Magdalena Johann- The unattractive dress of the volume sen, for 16 years a missionary in China. is a serious drawback to its popularity. 16mo. 111 pp. China Inland Mission, Philadelphia, and Morgan & Scott, Ltd., Manual of Missions. By Carl Le Roy London, 1914. Howland. 12mo. 175 pp. 75 cents, "Everlasting" Pearl is one of the net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1914. precious jewels which brighten the As a concise, clear, and careful state- crown of Christ in China. A "new woman, evangelist, pastor and Bible- ment of the conditions, needs, and prog- woman, all rolled into one" is she. A ress of missions in various' lands this religious devotee, taking the Vegetarian volume is to be highly commended. Pro- vows at twenty-two, she worked hard fessor Howland has not depended for his to accumulate merit that she might information on original research, but has escape all the usual stages of transstudied and condensed the material fur- migration and go straight to that goal nished by such authorities as the Ency- for which she longed-a life hereafter clopedia Britannica, the World Atlas of without suffering. Kneeling before Christian Missions, and the MISSIONARY Buddha, night after night she would REVIEW. After a brief study of the re- count her beads thousands of times, ligions of mission lands, the author sur- repeating O-mi-tu-fu, "in Buddha do veys the mission fields, and concludes his I put my trust." She bore stoically the volume with a series of excellent short many sorrows of her harassed life in quotations concerning the authority for contemplation of the next. But bemissions, and the missionary forces- cause of the persistent efforts of one prayer, money, and sacrificial service. patient foreign woman who did not Pastors and other church leaders will despair, the great opportunity came to find this a very handy compendium of Everlasting Pearl. Like the Gate of facts, but some of the statistics are in- the City which is a single pearl, she correct-for example: Japan has 624 became the gateway of many a soul to foreign missionaries (not 1,168), 102,790 life. Her childhood and early years, church-members (not 97,II7), and 1,772 s described by herself, are an intimat~ native workers (not 3,049). revelation of the life of a woman of the small shopkeeper class. The story Our Task in India. By Bernard Lucas. of her conversion and subsequent 12mo. 183 pp. 2s. 6d., or $1.00, net. career is by Miss Johannsen. Her final Macmillan Co., New York and Lon- surrender, in which supernatural visions don, 1914. had part, was complete, and it was a The question that Mr. Lucas asks and radiant life that emerged from tire conflict: "It is God himself who has seeks to answer is: "Shall we proselytize made me take this step, who was too Hindus or evangelize India?" The one strong for me and there is no turning process is mechanical and formal; the back." other is spiritual and vital. Some may not readily distinguish between the two Throu~h Lands that Were Dark. By F. ideals, but those Christians who do will H. Hawkins, LL.B. Illustrated. 8vo. not fail to choose the latter course. It is 159 pp. 6s., net. Paper. London Misthe bringing of Hindus into living con- sionary Society, 1914_ tact with the life-giving Christ that He A missionary secretary has here told, may transform and direct them. in graphic detail, the story of his year's Mr. Lucas discusses the men and meth- journey in Africa and Madagascar. ods at work in India, the Indian Church Among the more striking descrip'tions and Literature, and the efforts toward are those of the visit to' Kuruman, Britcooperation anrf un;nr

ish South Africa; to Kazembe, the chie f NEW BOOKS at Mbereshi, British Central Africa, and to the leper asylum in Tananarive, Men Who Prayed. Being Familiar, Madagascar. The report is not techni- Heart-to-Heart Talks with the Reader cal, dealing with problems, but a narra- Concerning the Lives of the Old Tes- tive of observations and experiences. tament Saints who Offered Prayer to Jehovah. By Henry W. Frost. With ,Tesus Christ's Men-A Progress, 1813- a foreword by Charles Gallaudet Trum- 19q. By Caroline Atwater Mason. bull. 12mo. 189 pp. $l.00, net. Bible 8vo. 163 pp. 50 cents, cloth; 35 cents, School Park, New York, 1914. net, paper. Griffith & Rowland Press, Phila., 1914. Educational Missions. By James L. Bar- This is a missionary play, with a pro- ton. 12mo. 271 pp. 75 cents. Stu- dent Volunteer Movement, New York, log, three scenes and a finale. It 1913. presents the history of one hundred years of American Baptist missions and The Missionary Obligation in the Light offers a fine opportunity for dramatic of the Changes of Modern Thought. presentation. This would be no light By Alfred E. Garvie. 12mo. 141 pp. task, but, if well done, it could scarce- 2s., net. Hodder & Stoughton, London, ly fail to be tremendously effective: 191{ In Far New Guinea. By Henry Newton, The Unknown God and Other Orthodox B.A. Illustrated. Map. 8vo. 304 pp. Essays. By Jacob Piatt Dunn. 16mo. $3.50, net. J. B. Lippincott Co., Phila- 178 pp. $1.00. Sentinel Printing Co., delphia, 1914. Indianapolis, Ind., 1914. There is a fascination in reading about The Christian Movement in Japan. inunknown people with peculiar customs, cluding Korea and Formosa. A Yeareven (or, perhaps, especially) when Book for 1914. Twelfth annual issue. these include cannibalism, sorcery, evil John Lincoln Dearing, editor. 12mo. s'pirits, immorality, polygamy, and death- 668 pp. $1.25. Missionary Education feasts. There is such a fascination about Movement, 156 Fifth Avenue, New this book, and it is well written. But York, 1914. there is also the interest that attaches to heroism and self-sacrifice in mission The Social Aspects of Foreign Missions. work-for, in 1899, Mr. Newton went as By William Herbert Perry Faunce. missionary of the Anglican Church to Illustrated. lZmo. 309 pp. 60 cents. Eastern New Guinea. He offers an in- Missionary Education Movement, New teresting criticism of the Anglican Mis- York, 1914. sion (S. P. G.), saying that "it is doubtful whether they have ever had any defi- The Faith of Japan. By Tasuku Harada, nite theory as to how mission work LL.D. $1.25. The Macmillan Comshould be conducted on any thought-out pany, New York, 1914. principles." He also says that the members of the staff in New Guinea "had Chinese Students and China's Religious little or no definite training for their Awakening. Report of the Conference special work." The missionaries have, of the Chinese Students' Christian Ashowever, endeavored to Christianize the sociation in North America, Kansas native life rather than to Anglicize it. City, Mo., January 1-3, 1914. 25 cents. The facts and incidents given are interesting and impressive. The whole Training the Little Home-Maker. By volume is a really valuable contribution Mabel L. Keech. J. B. Lippincott Co., to the knowledge of New Guinea and Philadelphia, 1914. Anglican missions there. Romanism and Ruin. By Rev. H. C. Morrison. 60 cents. Pentecostal Pub- lishing Co., Louisvi!1e, Ky., 1914.

PAMPHLETS Livingstone College Year-Book, 1914. Being a Record of a Year's Work at Livingstone College, and of Former Students in all Parts of the World, and Containing a Review of Recent Prog- ress in Tropical Medicine. 6d. Liv- ingstone College, Leyton, E., 1914.

Hartford Seminary Foundation Bui1etin. Commencement Number. June, 1914. 36 pp. Hartford Seminary Press, Hartford, Conn.

Presbyterian Home Missions in Ken- tucky. A Class Book for Mission Study. Edited by Rev. 1. Cochrane Hunt. 263 pp., paper cover. 50 cents. Rev. 1. Cochrane Hunt, Pisgah, Ky., 1914.

The Missionary Review of the World — January 1914

to the

JANUARY, I9I4 SOME QUESTIO~S ANSWERED I0J THIS NUMBER PREP"RED BY ;'viRS. F. :-'1. GILBERT 1. Vhy did the natives of Nigeria have in their houses pieces of wood bored with seven holes?

2. vVhat is the latest kind of guide for tourists? 3. Why is astronomy taught in a theological seminary in China? 4. What definition of Christ is found in a Chinese dictionary over 200 years old? 5. How was a map made so interesting that some small boys did not want to leave it? 6. To what famous Oriental has the King of England presented the Encyclopedia Britannica? 7. Vhat kind of missionaries did Count Okuma say are needed in Japan? 8. In what non-Christian land have more than two million Bibles been sold during the past year? 9. vVhat benefit has resulted from the attempted assassination of India's Viceroy? 10. Where and in what sense are missions "experiencing the penalty of success"? 11. Which of the Balkan nations is most friendly to missions? 12. Why did revivals in Fidelia Fisk's school in Persia occur so often in January? 13. Where was a sheep house fitted up as a mission chapel at the cost of $4.36? 14. Vhy were Moslem boys warned by their parents not to touch the Bibles in the mission schools? 15. In what language does the same syllable mean horse, help, mad dog and coming? I6. vVhat church gives twice as much for missions as for current expenses? 17. Vhat is a "pig collection" and where is it taken up? 18. Vhere are idol-makers appealing for government support? 19. vVho wore to church three suits, one on top of the other? 20. Vhat book was the educated Japanese reading on the railway train?

WIllIAM BUTLER-MOTHER OF TWO

o Mother, on thy mighty prayers Whole nations were upborne to God each day. VVho now of thy survivo rs dares To step beneath that load immense, and stay Its fall to death, In lack of intercessory faith? VVe mn st not fail, VVe must prevail; In heaven's own day Cease not to pray!

Till cease the prayers of our High Priest, Say not, thy prayers for tiS have ceased.

VILLI AM F. VVARREN, President of Boston Universi ty.

Missionary

~ of the World ~ Vol. XXXVII, Ko. 1 JANUARY, 1914 Vol. XXVII, No. Old Serres New Series Signs of the Times "TSIGNIFICANT EVENTS OF 1913 Important Worlc:l Conferences HE Kingdom of God cometh not The Continuation Committee Conferences with observation" is. without in Asia. doubt true to-day in the deepest spiri- World Student Christian Federatioll COll- tual sense, even as it was true in the ference at Lake Mohonk. days of Christ on earth. The deepest World's Sunday-school Association Con- 'and most lasting movements are those vention, Zurich. that are under the surface and whose Pan-Presbyterian Union, Aberdeen, Scot- effects are not clearly evident until land. long after they have originated. The .planting of a seed, or the laying of North America a submerged foundation-stone,may at- United Home and Foreign Missionary tract no attention, but if the life be in Campaign. the seed, or if the workmen continue Comity Plans Inaugurated for Home to build, the results will sometime be Missions. manifest above the surface. In the Denominational Laymen's Missionary missionary work of the Church, the Conferences. scattering of the seed by printed and Latin America Missionary Conference. by spoken word and by Christ-like VVorld Christian Citizenship Congress, deeds, the education of children and Portland. the quiet influence of medical mission- Four Million Fund raised for New York aries is gradually undermining prej u- Christian Associations. dice, trans forming ideals and build- Cooperative work planned for Orientals. ing up faith in God and Christ-like Volunteer Movement for Home Missions character. Organized.

The greatest results of the work of Latin America God in missions at home and abroad The Revolutions in Mexico. are not published by the press, but it Religious Liberty law passed for Peru. is encouraging to note a few of the Student Christian Conferences in Argensigns of awakened interest, of Christ- tina and Brazil. ward movements and of general missionary progress reported during the Europe past year. First Laymen's Missionary Conference in England. Increase of Religious Toleration in Spain. Abolition of Slavery in Russian Empire. Acquital of Beilis, the Jew, in Kiev. Modernist Movement in Italy.

Moslem Lanc:ls The Conclusion of Peace in the Balkan States. Independence won for Albania. Christward movement among Pomaks of Bulgaria. Dr. Zwemer's work for Moslems 111 Egypt. Anti-Moslem movements in North Af- rica. Bible shop opened at Jiddah, Arabia.

The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages &£ this.

REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by con· tributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS.

India and Burma ~chool party to discuss sueh subjects United Missionary Cuuferences and 1'ru- as "The Necessity, Methods and Re- gram adopted. sults of Religious Education." Christward Caste-movements in Gujerat, etc. One result of this visit was the First National Student Christian Confer- hearty invitation to the World's Sun- ence. day-school Association to meet for their next convention in Tokyo, in China and Tibet I916. The invitation was backed by Day of Prayer for China set by Chinese a cable despatch to Zurich, signed by Government. Count Okuma, former Premier, First Congress and the First President, Baron Shibusawa, chairman. of the Yuan Shih-Kai. Japanese Commercial Commission to Attempts to make Confucianism the State America, and by Baron Sakatani, Religion. Mayor of Tokyo. Upon the return Mott and Eddy meetings for students. of Dr. Kozaki and Dr. Ibuka, from A Union Church formed in Peking. Zurich, a notable reception was held Advance of the Y.M.CA. in China. at the home of Count Okuma, in Revivals in Kansu Province and else- Tokyo, and plans were laid to pro- where. mote the convention by the raising of an adequate fund. At 'this reception Japan and Korea Japanese pastors were urged t~ build Federated Missions Conference. up Christianity in Japan, and espe- Continuation Conferences and Program. cially to promote the growth of Sun- Acquital of 99 Christian Koreans accused day-schools. Senator Ebara of the of conspiracy. House of Peers deplored the fact that First Korean Christian missionary to in many places public school t~achers China. and Buddhist priests openly opposed Official invitation to the World's Sunday- and sought to break up the Sunday- school Convention. schools. Immediately some of the eminent men present promised that The Island World and Arctic Land. this matter would be taken up with Discovery of the Blond Eskimos reported the Cabinet ana that these restrictions by Stefansson. would be removed so that the Sun- Union Church Movement Conference in day-school might be given a fair the Philippines. chance in Japan.

Africa and Madagascar Another interesting result of the Completion of Kongo Reform Move- Sunday-school tour in Japan is the ment. increased interest in Bible study. At Prohibition of sale of intoxicants to Kon- Imabara, in the Island of Shikoku, go natives. the Mayor was so profoundly moved New Clerical Law in Madagascar. that he himself bought Bibles, and with the 19 officials of the city, AN AWAKENING IN JAPAN formed a class for Bible study. In the conservative city of Kagoshima, T HE visit to the Far East last year in the Island of Kyushu, a city from of Mr. H. J. Heinz and the party which Admiral Togo and other J ap- of Sunday-school business men en route to the World's Sunday-school Convention at Zurich, revealed to Japan the deep interest of American business and professional leaders in religious education. In the series of meetings at over thirty strategic cen- ters, Japanese officials and educators were stirred to inquire into the Sun- day-school as a solvent for problems touching the moral foundation of youth. Non-Christian education in Japan has failed to produce the high- est elements of character, so that Jap- anese educators asked the Sunday-

OF THE TIMES

anese leaders have come, a Bible ioealism left. This extraordinary class was formed for clerks. They achievement took place in New York were so appreciative of the benefits City early in November. The Y. W. received that they a'sked for a simi- C. A. is organized in one metropolilar class for their wives. A Chris- tan organization, with ten branches, tian Japanese physician is teaching a vhich meet the needs of the students class of nurses and in one of the in Barnard and Teachers' Colleges; public schools the principal has ar- of art and music students in the soranged with the missionary so that called Studio Club; of trained nurses; 30 selected students have been formed of immigrant girls in the Internainto a class to study the Life of tional Institute; of colored and French Christ after school hours. The Gov- young women, as well as of those ernor of that Ken was so deeply in- groups which form the membership terested in the message of the Sun- of the usual city association. To proday-school party that he asked that vide for this growing work, at least Sunday-schools be developed more five large new buildings are needed adequately in the city. Since then the without delay, and three of the four Governor's wife and son have made million dollars are to be used by the confession of their faith in Christ. women. The Y. M. C. A., already better equipped in the city, contents In the city of Saga some 2,000 itself with $r ,000,000 fol' five students in the higher schools came branches. together and as a result of the message of Miss Kinnear, a college girl The campaign was a magnificent of Pittsburgh, to the girls in the piece of organization in ten groups of Government Normal School, 30 of 100 workers each. Considerable space the girls came to the church on the was given to it by the newspapers, ilfollowing Sunday. luminated clocks in various parts of the city recorded the progress made; Christianity in Japan is being tested 400 met for luncheon every day at and weighed and watched by a large noon to hear reports, and in many number who are dissatisfied with the other ways the attention of New old religions and are feeling the need Yorkers was challenged. Some very for a spiritual tonic to the nation. If large gifts were reported, Mr. Cleve- Christianity can "deliver the goods," land Dodge and Miss Grace Dodge build character, promote loyalty, in- together giving $625,000, but the terest itself in social service, and number of small contributors evi- "atisfy spiritual longings, it will be denced the interest of N ew York in sure to grow to a foremost place in the welfare of· its young men and Japan.-FRANK L. BROWN. women. The campaign appropriately came to an end on Thanksgiving ~ve. INEW YORK'S GREAT ACHIEVEMENT T is the fashion to decry the ma- SOUTH AMERICAN STUDENTS terialism of present-day American STRIKE FOR LIBERTY life, but a city which in three weeks will give over $4,000,000 for such LAST June the students in Santiwork as that carried on by the Young ago and Valparaiso, Chile's fore- Men's and Young Women's Chris- most cities, went on strike as a protian Associations has a good deal of test against the Papal Nuncio. For

a large part of a week they refused do an effective work among the to attend classes or university lec- young men of the Latin-American hues, in the hope that their action nations is 'the YDung Men's Chris- would induce the government to send tian Association."

the Pope's representative out of the A missionary from Chile also country. writes: A vast crowd of citizens, estimated "The students are in revolt again at 50,000, met in the capital and peti- and they are having nightly celebra- tioned the President of Chile for the tions and meetings of protest against nuncio's expulsion. Parades of pro- the government, which has bowed test were seen in the principal streets submissively to Rome and exculpated nearly every afternoon or evening. the inter-nuncio.

This is typical of the situation which "This time their slogan is 'La se- exists to-day in all South America. paracion de la iglesia del estado,' a .The educated classes, as a rule, are long step taken forward in that direc- indifferent to religion, and a con- tion as a result of their agitation and siderable proportion of them are even canvassing of public men.

ready to make a vigorous assault "The young men and young women upon the Church whenever, as an of to-morrow have begun a crusade in organization, it seems to interfere favor of liberty."

with the affairs of the State. REUGIOUS LIBERTY FOR PERU. A real religious refo~m is greatly AT last the Peru Congress has, by needed, and one source from which the needed inspiration will come may the overwhelming majority of 66 prove to be the influence of vital votes to four, voted in favor of an Christianity upon the i,5°O or more amendment of Article IV of the South American students now in the Constitution, which has so long colleges and professional schools of barred the door against the Gospel, the United States. The majority of and which reads: these students are nominal Catholics. "The nation professes the Apostolic Some are openly hostile or anti- Roman Catholic Religion; the State religious, but those who call them- protects it and does not permit the selves so are rather anti-Catholic or public exercise of any other."

anti-clerical, and consequently mani- This last clause has often been used fest little interest in religious ques- by the enemies of the Gospel as a tions or sympathy for the religious weapon against those who have life. Indifference or religious apathy sought to preach Christ in Peru. The is a phenomenon common to all Latin best of the Peruvian nation has felt youth. this to be a disgrace to their standing Professor Jose M. Rua, of the as a civilized people, and at last, National University of Buenos Aires, under the government of President who made an extensive tour among Billinghurst, it has been erased from the North American institutions the Statute Book.

where these men are studying, says: It is true that this amendment must "I do not hesitate to affirm that the receive the approbation of two suc- one Christian organization that can cessive Congresses ere it becomes a

fully established law. But it would demands of the situation, stand by at have to be a very drastic reaction the birth of a nation worthy of a indeed that would reverse such an permanent place in the family of expression of the will of the nation Christian nations."

as that to which they have given ut- terance. We have no reason to be- EVANGELICAL PROGRESS IN lieve that there will be any such re- FRANCE action. AN evangelistic conference recent- PLANS FOR THE PHILIPPINES ly held in Paris reminds those who are especially interested in evan- A NON – SECTARIAN organiza- gelistic work in France of a similar tion, which bears the somewhat conference held under the auspices of formidable name of the National the MeAI1 Mission twenty-six years Committee for Upbuilding the Wards ago, and emphasizes the advance that of the Nation, has been formed, has been made since that time. Then under the auspices of the Harmony preaching was unlawful in any other Club of America, to assist Bishop place than one of the established Brent in his work in the Philippines. churches; now state interference has The Bishop's plans take in the so- come to 'an end. I t has been possi- cial, industrial, educational and evan- ble to introduce more modern meth- gelical work among the million or ods of evangelistic work, such as the more pagan and Mora inhabitants. use of tents, chapel boats, etc. On He hopes to cure them of their the other hand, it is certain that dur- chronic ills, such as malaria, hook- ing these twenty-five years there has worm, black fever, and the like, and been a marked increase of infidelity teach them how to live so as to avoid among the people, the principal rea- the tropical diseases-most of which son being that the new generation are due not to climate but to unhy- has received secular education but gienic habits. has had very little moral training.

He plans to help them to found 01arles Grauss, the general secre- real homes and maintain civilized tary of the French Student Chris- communities until their savagery is tian Movement, exprest the opin- fully outgrown. ion at the Lake Mohonk conference The industrial work planned by that the rational evangelization of Bishop Brent is one of the chief fea- France can only he accomplished tures. He will work to the end of through the universities. He went making the Moros self-supporting and on to say, "It is now possible to masters of several trades and occu- make our ideal'S known to the French pations. students of our twenty university – What the Bishop's ideals are for centers; and thereby, little by little, the race may be gathered from his ad- we may win the popular crowds dress at the Lake Mohonk Indian which always follow the movement Conference: of the elite. Thus we may sow at "America has a great opportunity the heart of French influence a germ in the Philippines. She can, if she of Otristianity which will spread far pursues a course consonant with the into the world." .

NEW INTEREST IN PORTUGAL are being read by seekers who no longer fear the priest in their hearts. MISSIONARIES report that there is now manifest an unusual wil- VICTORY IN A MOSLEM TRIAL lingne'ss to hear the Gospel on the part THE progress of civilization is of the people in Portugal. In many sure to break down Moslem towns of the provinces of Minho, Trasos-Montes, and Beira Alta, evan- superstition and prejudice even if it gelistic meetings have been recently does not insure acceptance of Christ. held in local theaters. The audien~es were large and attentive. Remuner- Friends of missions to Moslems ation for the use of the theaters was will be interested in the result of the refused by several managers. At the trial of Sheikh Abdullah Abd al dose of the meetings Bibles and New Faadi for alleged defamation of Mo- Testaments were eagerly bought and hammed and his book. This recent religious tracts w.ere gratefully re- convert from Islam to Christianity ceived. was charged with using the ob- jectionable language one night last BIBLES BURNED IN SYRIA August, when some discussion arose between him and a crowd that had WHEREVER the Gospel of Christ gathered about him while he was is winning converts, there we sitting in a cafe in Cairo. Much bitterness was manifested by Mosmay expect opposition. When this lems in this trial but he escaped with is opposition to the Word of God, only a nominal sentence. The judge the evidence is clear that it comes imposed the payment of a fine of from the devil. A missionary in two pounds, altho it was in his power Beirut writes that in a nearby village to impose a fine of fifty pounds a Maronite priest recently made a ($25°.00) and imprisonment for one search for Bibles printed in the Bei- year. The testimony of the witnesses, rut Press, and threatened the peo- of whom there were seven or eight, ple with excommunication if they was that the man had declared that did not give up their books and Bi- the Koran was only a human compobles. After he had obtained all pos- sition, mostly of unknown authorsible he proceeded to burn the Bi- ship, that the prophet was a liar, a bles-an act which cast a sad light loyer of women, and that his religion on his own ignorant and blinded heart was false. The decision of the Mosand on the spiritual condition of the lem judge may be taken to mean poor people who follow such a blind either that he believed the Moslem leader of the blind. In another vil- witness to be testifying falsely and lage not an hour away a priest of did not fear to disregard their testithe same church recently had another mony, or that he did not consider the such burning of Bibles. Unfortu- language used to be really defamanately for them both, their own false tion. On whatever basis the decision teachings of the ethical variations of was made, the missionaries regard it truth encouraged many of their flock as a victory, and say that a few to conceal the truth and also the Bibles so that not a few remain and years ago it would hardly have been possible.

of a Tour of Asia*

REV. JAMES H. FRANKLIN, D.D., BOSTON, MASS. Secretary of the American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society.

HE Farther East has very great extent meeting there. A maelstrom is to be expected. I lTI become the Near East. To-day the Far East Eye Openers in Japan is one of the world's How little we understand Japan and the Japanese! How little we zones of greatest ac- understand their history and their . tivity, and it is rapidly modes of thought! Count Okuma, easily the leading publicist in Japan, becoming one of the largest centers made a very strong reply to my in- quiry. of influence. Of course, Americans "vViII you please tell me," I said, are sure that America is the center "how we can make a better contribu- tion to the religious development of of things; but that is because we live the Japanese?"

in America. I found a poor, igno- What do you suppose he said? Send over more missionaries? Build rant black boy in Africa, who could more 'Schools? Do more social work? No. He said: speak a little English, who was sure "Mr. Franklin, if you wish to do Africa was better than any part of more to help the Japanese, please send more missionaries who know America possibly could be. The something of the history of Japan, who know something of the religion Chinese and the Japanese do not for of Japan, who know something of the modes of thought of the Japanese." one moment consider America su- That led me to a claser study of perior to their own lands and they the Japanese, and my knowledge of their history, together with my obdo not for one moment envy us our serv~tions of their life, caused me to leave their shores with great adpale, faded-out skins. miration for them.

There is a great deal of provincial- Crossing the Pacific Ocean a very superficial woman said, "In America ism in all parts of the world. But it we do not like the Japanese because they do not make as good servants is fortunate that people in all parts as some other people." Now how would you like to have the Amerof the world can be grateful to God that they live in the best of all lands.

In China, they are sure they live in the Middle Kingdom and. the mis- sionary who goes to China to-day is sure he is in the center of things.

The late Dr. Greene, of Japan, said to me a few weeks ago, "I wish you would try to make the people in America understand that we are not on the outskirts, but right in the midst of the world's currents." It is true. We need not be disturbed be- cause there is disturbance in the Far East. The world's tides are to a 'Portions of an address delivered at No:rthfield, ~ass" in July, 1913, stenographically reporte,d,

icans judged by that same criterion? the Japanese had not shut out the The Japanese have those character- foreigner. At one time as many a'S istics of which we ourselves are I,ooo,OOO people in the Sunri~e Kingproud, tho we blame them for those dom called themselves Christians, and traits on which we pride ourselves. if there had been a program of disiVe say the Japanese are "cockey," interested service, if there had been since they defeated the Chinese and a non-partizan spirit, if missions and the Russians; we Americans call politics had been kept separate, Japan ourselves patriotic when we celebrate might to-day have been a Christian our victories. We say they are nation. "tricky" in business; we also say, "The Yankee is as shrewd as anyone What has happened in Japan within when it comes to commerce." The the last 60 years? Her civilization Japanese are called the Yankees of had been reta'rded for three centuries, the East. We say that they have a but no sooner were her doors opened feeling of self-sufficiency. So have than she sent her ~ons to the far the Americans. The truth is, we are corners of the earth to sit at the blaming the Japanese for possessing feet of other nations. The result the very characteristics on which we was that there is hardly any feature pride ourselves. of Western civilization which has not been copied, or improved upon, in The American tourist who thinks Japan. In the ordinary city or large at all of missions asks: "How many town they have ten free deliveries of stations have you?" "How many mail a day until ten o'clock at night. converts have you?" "What have There is free delivery to every farthe converts cost per capita?" No mer's hut and to every fisherman's one can study the religious situation cottage, in every corner of the Emin the Far East to-day who is meas- pire. The parcels post had become uring the success of Christianity old with them before we ever began merely by the number of people who it. As to raihyays, a notable differhave been brought into the churches. ence between the American and the The quiet leavening influence of Japanese systems is that the latter Christianity is the greatest result of almost never have collisions. Over missionary effort. This leavening in- there the killing of a passenger is an fluence is felt in many directions. exceedingly rare occurrence. In the matter of newspapers, in every .large We must understand something of city I was told that practically every that wonderful country, Japan, and family takes at least one daily paper, its history. Japan opened her gates and perhaps two, and if some Soloto the other nations of the world only mon says a foolish thing in America 60 years ago, after they had been about the Japanese, they read it toshut against the rest of the world morrow morning before breakfast; for 300 years.. Why? Because cer- but if something kind is said in tain so-called Christian nations of the America about the Japanese, the re- West were ambitious for territory in porters do not cable it. If Dr. Hamthe Far East. So far as history can ilton Wright Mabie makes a speech show, Japan might have been a col- in Tokyo on "World Peace" it is ony of a European nation· to-day if

OF A TOUR IN ASIA

in the Japanese papers the next day. train far north in the Hokkaido we But the most wonderful thing in had for a traveling companion a Japanese of ordinary appearance who Japan is the remarkable system of had eaten his rice with chop sticks education. In spite of the short pe- riod in which they have been at work and for hours had sat on his feet in on a modern system of schools, 95 per cent. of the children of school Japaonese fashion. He appeared to age are now enrol1ed. These are be only an ordinary man of the more ',he so-called "heathen" Japanese prosperous class, but there ,were some that we have been talking about. interesting books by his side. One They are 110t satisfied to teach only was in English, which he could read reading, writing and arithmetic in perfectly, tho he could not contheir schools. They are developing verse with IlS. The title of the Enhigh schools, colleges, and t1l1iversi- glish book was "The Study of Orities-and the universities of Japan gins," a work which deals with the are universities. I visited one with proLlem of knowledge, the problem 5,000 students. In the same city I of being, the problem of duty, the found another with 8,000, and still problem of religion, the problem of another with 9,000 students. The morality. He had studied Buddhism various departments of these univer- and philosophy,' but he had not yet sities compare favorably with simi- studied Christianity sufficiently to exlar departments in Europe and Amer- press an op1l1!On. A magazine by ica. There are chairs of compara- the side of the English book was the tive religions, and the professors are [<'rench "Revue Philosophique." A studying in a cold-blooded, scientific third volume was in Japanese, which spmt. They are comparing the vari- contained pictures of such men as Dr. ous systems of religious thought, G. Stanley Hall and Professor Ladd. ° hoping to select from each system When the French magazine was inthe best for the use of the J apancse spected his prompt query was, "Parpeople. lez vous Fran<.;ais?" Psychology and /,ragrnatism were familiar words Japanese Studying Religion with him and when he learned that the strangers were from America his Another thing worthy of note: You first query was: "Do you know Prowill find in the libraries of these fessor Villiam James, who wrote the universities not only Japanese books, "Varieties of Religious Experience?" but many of the world's best books vVhen a visitor has encountered a in other languages. On the shelves few characters of this type, he beof libraries of colleges and univer- gins to wonder if any nation ever sities are many high grade· books furnished a parallel to the situation that are not found in some of our in Japan, where many educated lead- Christian' schools in America. Pro- ers are seeing the need of better refessor William James's "Varieties of ligious thought and are quietly read- Religious Experience" is very popu- ing the world's religious books for lar. themselves.

But it would be a mistake to as- On one occasion, on a train in sume that only the educated leaders Japan, an educated young man 111 are studying religion. On a railway

foreign dre<:s, noting my inability to was not comparable with that of the speak the Japanese tongue, offered Nazarene, for Jesus was what you his services. When he discovered people call God Incarnate." that I was from Boston, he at once told me that he had received his It had become proper for me to scientific education in the University ask him what was his own religious of Boston. He asked if I had known attitude. He replied at once, "1 ac- cept Christianity. I am not a mem- Dr. A. J. Gordon, and if I had ever ber of any church, but I take Chris- tianity as the compass of my life." visited Northfield. He had been much When he was asked, if Japan would interested in Northfield, he declared, ultimately accept the principles of where he had heard D. L. Moody, Christianity, he replied, with Ameri- A. J. GordQn, Henry Drummond and can emphasis, "Sure," and added, others. He wished to know who had "Japan may not accept Western ectaken Mr. Moody's place. clesiastical forms; we may not ac- cept the theological systems of the In the course of our conver.sation West; but the principles of Chrishe gave me a most remarkable and tianity are sure to triumph, they are interes.ting interpretation of the death sure of ultimate acceptance in Jaof General Nogi, whom he pictured pan." He continued: "You used a as the most righteous man in Japan good illustration a moment ago. You at the time of his death. "Nogi," said said it is not your chief concern to he, "was at heart a Christian. Bud- fix the theological thought of the dhism could not have produced such a Japanese, but that your chief conman. There was no nobler man in cern is to point the people of the Far all our land than Nogi, caring for East to the Rock, Christ Jesus, the poor and distrest wherever it whence the gold of all the world's rewas possible, and leaving not a yen ligious thought may be mined; that to his own credit in the bank at the it is our privilege to take this gold time of his death, having used even into the mints of our own minds and his army pension for the relief of hearts and consciences, under the suffering." General Nogi's suicide, guidance of God's Holy Spirit, and he declared, was the use of an old coin it with such image and super- Japanese method of protest against scription as will best express the existing conditions. "I think Nogi Japanese adoration and devotion. I felt," said he, "that if he lived 20 think that is what will be done." years longer he could do nothing to stem the tide of immorality that was Count Okuma said to me at the setting in. .He saw that immorality close of a long interview, tho he was affecting both the s.tudent classes himself is not an avowed Christian: and the army forces. If he should "The leading educated men of Japan give his life, his death would be in- are thirsty for new religion. They terpreted as a protest against con- see clearly that the old religious sysditions which he had attempted to tems are not sufficient-a more conchange." With tremendous eloquence crete faith is necessary to moral dehe exclaimed, "I tell you, Nogi died velopment." At a reception given in for Japan as truly as Jesus of Naza- my honor, there were a number of reth died for all mankind. His death

OF A TOUR IN ASIA

J a pan e s e university professors, adopted, but I be1ievewith all my soul in the ultimate triumph of Chris- Ph.Dd.'s from Harvard, Yale, and tianity in the Far East. Cambridge. The substance of their remarks was this: The Eastern Reli,iona "The Western forms wiII not tri- I have returned with increased reumph here, but the leaven of Chris- spect for the peoples of the Far East tianity has already accomplished and with increased unwillingness to much in the Empire. As an illustr2.- speak slightingly of the religion of tion, it has given a new content to any people who are trying to find many words in 011r vocabulary. The God. Their religious thought does word love was carnal in its meaning not necessarily represent enmity toin the days of our boyhood; now it ward God, but rather their attempt has come to have a new meaning. to reach out, if haply they may find It now has the Christian content." Him. Dr. Timothy Richard, that great missionary in China, said in one vVe must send our best men and of Dr. Mott's conferences, "God hath our best women to this Empire, to not left Himself without witness in the Japanese, who by reason of their any nation." If you do not believe own achievement are entitled to the that, your quarrel is not with Dr. respect and the confidence of the Richard. It is with the New Testaworld. We must think of them as ment. Put two verses togeth~r and our brothe'rs. you will find that God hath not left Himself without witness among any I have returned from Asia with people. Moreover, He is the Light some decidedly pleasing impressions. which lighteth every man that cometh Christianity has been planted in the into the world. Surely, there is some Far East. Every missionary might light in Confucianism. Whence came be recalled from Japan, and leading this light? Christ is not a rival of men amI numerous students would go Confucius. "I have come not to deon studying Christianity. There is stroy, but, to fulfil," said Jesus. It a great need for more missionaries is the mission of those who sit 111 of the right type; but as surely as the sunlight of the love of God as we are here, Christianity has been manifested through Jesus Christ, to planted there. They have seen His give to those who sit in the starlight star in the East, and while it is true or the moonlight that better light that many are encamped on the plains which has come to us from the Sun of darkness, it is also true that some of Righteousness. have journeyed to Bethlehem, while still others are saying, "Let us go I have returned almost staggered and see for ourselves." I have re- at the difficulties of our task, and turned with great confidence in the sobered by its magnitude. I have ultimate triumph of Christianity.. In wandered among pagodas and temspite of our mistakes, God has used ples a thousand, thirteen hundred our efforts. It may be necessary for years old, and have been over- God to use other efforts than those whelmed as I thought of the generawhich we are putting forth. It may tions whose feet had worn smooth be necessary for Him to use other plans than those which we have

the paths of stone. I shall never for- the idea prevails in Western lands get standing by the side of a grave that China's movements are so gen- 4,000 years old, said to be the eral and so progressive' that it is im- burial place of the first emperor of possible to exaggerate. It is impos- China. "There," thought I, "those sible to exaggerate concerning the ashes have been resting ever since" meaning of the political revolution or according to the old chronology, the missionary evolution in China. Abraham heard the cry, 'Up, and get But do not be misled into believing thee out of thine own country into that an empire of four thousand the land that I shall show thee.'" years has in a day become a stable While those ashes have been resting republic, and has discarded on every there, most of what we call the story hand the superstition of four milof the world has been written. Al- lenniums. China has a long, hard most everything that we know of road ahead. Her leaders are awake. Jewish history has transpired within The new order is much in evidence that time. This grave has been there in such centers as Canton, Shang!ni, twice as long as historic Christianity Hankow and Peking. But there are has existed. Multitudes and multi- vast regions in the interior where the tudes have been bowing' before this republic is hardly more than a name, grave for forty centuries. Yet many and the people in general are densely appear to believe that the aged ignorant of the real meaning of deshrines will totter at the blast of a mocracy. There are regions where Gospel trumpet from beyond the superstition is as strong as before. seas; that systems of ,eligion will be Dut unquestionably the attitude of the surrendered at the first oral procla- masses is changing, China can never mation of a strange message, and that get back to the old ways. The birth nations will immediately break their of the republic has been attended by idols and form Christian churches convulsions more horrible than we after '1estern models. could possibly realize. The days of fire and blood may not yet be ended. China, Old and New It is certain, however, that a new China has been born whose ambition China! China! China! Who is pre- it is to be a nation like those of the pared to speak of the China of to- West. Do not be disturbed i,f a day? Read a book, and' one must cable tells us to-morrow that revoluspeak; spend a few months there, and tion has occurred in this or that one hardly dares to speak lest what province. Revolutions in China may he says to-day appear altogether fool- be but incidents in her evolution. ish to-morrow. Moreover, he learns that what is true of one section may How came this new republic? At not be true of another. It is not Hanyang I climbed to the top of the safe to say that a well-developed ridge from which the fires of revomovement in one province has even lution first blazed forth. Just in made a beginning in another. front of a Christian hospital are two immense cement tombs where one or Much that is being written about two thousand revolutionary soldiers the new republic to-day is amusing were hurriedly buried. On the two when it is read in China. Somehow

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imlllense graves arc these words: might still do a great deal to re- "Spirits of Fire and Blood." Their establish her moral position.

names are not known. "Spirits of Inquirers in China Fire and Blood." In Canton, called by some the Back of this sacrifice was leader- greatest city of Asia, I attended one of the theater meetings 'conducted ship. Back of the leadership was in- for students by Dr. John R. Mott. spiration. Vhence came this new For several nights in succession, as impulse? Passing through Europe a many as twenty-five hundred students few days ago I chanced to pick up a gathered in a theater. It was notable copy. of the London Daily Mail of that there was not a queue in evi- May 5, containing an article by Lord dence. The student classes of China William Gascoyne-Cecil on "The Op- have broken with the past. One misportunity in China," from which I sionary who attended the meeting clipt these words: Now they are breaking up the idol said that ten years ago he would not temples, the old heathen festivals of have believed such a thing possible the seasons are dying quickly, and in so short a time. At the concluwill be as dead as our Mayday, and sion of the series of meetings, 800 China will soon be without a religion students of the Canton schools beunless she becomes Christian. She is becoming Christian, but she still came inquirers, and signed cards on needs our help. In this matter I have which they promised to read the New a little quarrel with my countrymen. Testament and to pray every day, and You may notice that nine-tenths of to follow the teachings of Christ as the men who are leading this revolu- far as reason and conscience comtion have had their inspiration from American mission schools, with the mended His teachings as true. The result that America has a great moral mission school occupies a large place position in China. Now the English in the present day in China. Every have always had bigger interests in China, and their missionaries were mission academy or college that I there long before the Americans, visited is turning away students. One their flag is much better known, but academy with splendid building, they did not believe in educating the which last year enrolled only IS, had young Chinaman, with the result that 60 applications this year-their full all the leading young men went to the American missions and not to capacity. A single college turned the English. Now we are doing a little, but still we are far behind away 50 students because there was no room to accommodate them. If America, and the real future of Cb.ina I were going to China to-day as a depends on the American-trained teacher in a mission school, I am not Chinese. It was a great mistake that a con- sure but that I would be as willing to teach science as theology. In the stitutional monarchy did not take the theological school of one of the m03t place of the despotic Emperor; the young Chinese quite wrongly deter- successful missions, we found that mined to create a new China after students for the ministry were taught the model of the United States; it astronomy, that they might learn that would have been far better if more marty of the phenomena of nature of the reformers had been trained are due, not to evil spirits, but to under English influences. But it is "never too late to mend"; England natural causes. Physics and chemis-

try are helping to eradicate belief in to reproduce Western denominationspirits and dragons, and these studies, alism, but to plant Christianity. For in removing old superstitions which days these men and women conferred have been wrecking China, are pre- on questions of vital importance, and paring their minds for the reception the results of these meetings will be of spiritual truth. Many have be- felt for many decades. lieved that we are under no obligation to educate-that we. must preach These conferences confirmed what the Gospel quickly to every creature; I felt before-that the day is at hand but I say without reservation that when sectarianism is bound to fail in so far as I could judge, the denom- the Far East, and I have returned inations which are now in position to from my tour prepared to say that do most for the regeneration of China sectarianism ought to fail in the Far are the denominations that have done East. Who am I, that I should acmost, not merely in training assistants cept responsibility for fixing the for their missionaries, but who have theological thought for the Chinese also done much in general education and the Japanese? He who is winand have placed responsibility upon ing to do so assumes much respon- Chinese who are to-day able to lead sibility. It is enough to give them the people. Christ, and let them interpret Him for themselves. Tho am I, that 1 You have heard of the conferences should consider my view the last held around the world. I attended word in the interpretation of Christ? several of the conferences held in With all my soul, I believe that the China by Dr. John R. Mott, as sec- Chinese and Japanese, by their conretary of the Continuation Commit- tributions, will make the crown of tee of the Ed,inburgh Missiorary Con- Christ more resplendent, and with all ference. The national gathE'ring was my heart I believe that it is their privilege to interpret Him for themattended by I 15 rnen and women selves. They will take this privilege, (foreign mis~ionaries and Chinese whether you and I grant it or 11ot, leaders), who represented perhaps as many as 30 different denominations, and personally I am grateful for that and fully as many d'ifferent mission- independence of spirit which is beary organizations. They were picked coming more and more manifest. men and women from every great section of the new republic, who had In the conferences, there was no come together in a spirit of unity, to demand whatever that we sink our hail the Name that is above every distinctive convictions-no demand, name. These men and women had as some one says, that we reduce come together first of all because of our theology to the lowest common the spirit of unity in their hearts. denominator. On the other hand, They had also corne together with there is insistence that everyone a consciousness that the task is too shall be loyal to his own interpretagreat for anyone branch of the tion of Christ, and that each de- Christian Church. Moreover, many nomination shall contribute loyally had come with the conviction that and frankly that interpretation with their chief business in China was not which it has been able to bless the world. At the same time there is

OF A TOUR IN ASIA

an insistent demand on the part of ing that the churches of the city the Chinese and on the part of many meet and pray for the republic." Was missionaries, that no denominational it possible? Thirteen years ago these name shall be placed ahead of the very streets were running with the Name of Jesus Christ. Speaking blood of Christians. Thirteen years figuratively, there is a wide-spread ago, in the terrible Boxer uprising, tendency to write the Name of Christ which was primarily anti-foreign and in large capitals over the name of only secondarily anti-Christian, these every Christian church in China, and very walls were mounted with cannon the denominational name in small let- turned upon the legation quarters in ters below. The National Conference, which the foreign missionaries and which represented so many denomina- many Christians found refuge while tions, unanimously recommended that waiting for two months the arrival of the congregations in China should the foreign soldiers. All day the 'take as a common name, "The Church words kept coming-Hanly 13 years of Christ in China," the denomina- ago." tional designation being secondary. Cooperation is the need of the hour At the morning hour I worshiped in China. There is no wide-spread with a Chinese congregation. Only demand for a union which means the 13 years ago 200 members of this surrender of conviction. It is under- band gave their lives rather than deny stood that each denomination must Christ. The assistant pastor who sound forth what it believes to be its took part in the service that morning God-given message. The oratorio of lost wife and children, father and Redemption will never be sounded mother, brothers and sisters,-just forth merely by everyone giving up 13 years ago. My heart was throbhis convictions. On the other hand, bing as I looked upon him. And we we shall never hear the oratorio at had been calling them rice Christians! its best so long as some insist upon I was asked to go to the Methodist playing their own instruments far off compound and take part in the serin one corner, and others insist upon vice which was to be held at the replaying their instruments elsewhere quest of the Minister of Foreign Afin their little corners. We shall fairs. Singularly enough, the meetcreate a true symphony by sounding ing was held on the Methodist comtrue notes, and by sounding them in pound where the missionaries and love and harmony. Cooperation is Chinese Christians first assembled at the word, and I believe it is born of the outbreak of the persecution that God. cost the lives of 200 foreign mis- sionaries and 30,000 Chinese Chris- A Great Day in Peking tians. We have not even yet begun to realize the sufferings of those days On my last Sunday in China I was -only 13 years flgo. A few' rods greeted by these words : "You are in distant was the British legation where Peking on a great day. The first many missionaries and Chinese Chris- National Assembly has just opened, tians found protection behind the and to-day the Minister of Foreign breastworks during the long siege, Affairs, a Christian man, is request- while a handful of foreign soldiers

on the stone walIs stood between full y understand this,· and hope that Christianity may be promoted, and them and death. A part uf the wall we come with this expression of goodwill to this gathering of Chinese has been left unrepaired, still bear- which has met here for prayer for the nation at this important time of ing the marks of shot and shell, and its reorganization."

overhead these words: "Lest we ,for- A veteran missionary whispered to me: "Thirteen years ago we could get." not have believed this possible." I looked out over the large assembly I expected a meeting of a hundred and in my heart I asked, "Who are they, Lord, and whence came they?" or two hundred Christians in a small Then came the answer: "These are they that came out of the great triburoom on the Methodist compound. lation and they washed their robes But no, the place oi meding is the and made them white in the blood of the Lamb." fine house of worship which seats That meeting was the beginning of fifteen hundred, and the house filled. the wider movement in which the On the platform besides the mis- President of the RepUblic requested all the Christians to pray. I know not sionaries and church pastors were what motive may have prompted gov- ernment officials in their part in the representatives of the Chinese gov- latter movement, but I know that the movement was Christian in its odgin, ernment. A senator, edt1cated in and that whatever the motives may have been, it is a marvel of marvels America by a member of our own that within I3 years the despised Christians have been asked to pray Board of Managers, prays with for the new RepUblic. This one cir- cumstance is sufficient in itself to broken and sobbing voice, mention- call the Christian forces of the world to most heroic endeavor. My brothers ing in his prayer that Washington and sisters, surely the hour has struck: Are we ready for it? and Lincoln both prayed in the times Ve know that in a chemical exof nati':mal distress. A representa- periment there is a time when all tive of President Yuan Shih-Kai depends upon the proper contribution being made at ju~t that moment. If spoke these words: that moment slips by, it can not be recalled. This is the moment in the "I am here representing President Far East when it appears that the Yuan Shih-Kai and Mr. Lu Cheng- proper contribution will produce the hsiang, the Minister of Foreign Af- greatest results ever Seen in mission fairs. Both the President and Mr. endeavor. Lu take interest in this meeting which has been called for special prayers for the nation at this time. The old book says that the root is in the heart and if the heart is right, the man will be right, and so the family and so the whole nation. It is the power of religion that is necessary today. Christianity has come to China for now over one hundred years. It was born in Judea and spread all over the world. Altho under a republic there is equality in religIOn, the President and Mr. Lu realize that Christianity has done very much for China. Christians are not regarded now, as under the Manchu Dynasty, as a special class by themselves, but as citizens of the Republic, and their work has done much to promote morality among the people of this land. The President and Mr. Lu

AN N UAL MEETING OF THE METHODIST MISSION IN INDIA IN

(Mr. and Mrs. Rutler a rc in the center in front .of the Indian who holds the end of the Aag) The Mother of Two Missions A SKETCH OF MRS. WILLIAM BUTLER, MISSIONARY TO INDIA AND MEXICO BY LILLY RIDER GRACEY Author of T has been said of the leading churches. A call was there- fore sent out for men to open work l aI ~ Corsican, that the fra- in India. For three years the appeal . grance of the flowers was made and then there was but of his native land so one response and that was by Dr. ~ enters into his nature William Butler. H e accepted the that wherever he goes, perilous, arduous post with heroic this fragrance tells his presence and enthusiasm and his no less heroic his nationality. Whether on two wife shared gladly the hardships and foreign fields, India and Mexico, in responsibilities with him. both of which with her husband she pioneered, or in the homeland, there The journey that such steamers was a fragrance about the personality as the Lusitania and the modern and presence of Mrs. William Butler Mediterranean express service make that showed she belonged. to all na- possible in 21 days, then took five tions of the earth-the title once weary months. On April 9, 1856, bestowed upon her, that of "Empress the Butlers began a nearly halfof India Missions," 'did not encircle year's journey, sailing from Boston. her interests, so world-wide were Small, poorly-equipped steamers, hot they, so human-hearted was she. days crossing the desert to Suez, before the days of any Suez Canal, For some years it was felt by added discomfort instead of pleasures intelligent members of the Methodist to their travels. Their chosen field Episcopal Church, that the long delay was the beautiful Gangetic Valley, toof American Methodists in entering gether with the adjacent hill range the foreign mission field presented a on the east and north-a tract of cause of reproach, when contrasted Jndia nearly as large as England, with the active efforts of the other

and containing more than 18.000,000 days they journeyed on to find refuge of people. Here the city of BareiIIy at Naini Tal, a valley encircling a was selected for the mission station. beautiful lake, picturesque among the Just ten weeks before .the Sepoy Himalaya mountains, with the snowy Rebellion broke out,the young man range of the Himalayas In the distance. WILLIAM BU TLER "Dr. Butler was just the mall and his bride settled down for work needed at that time," said an obin their new home. A valued library server of those epoch-making days. of a thousand volumes was put in "A cautious or a timid man would place, and the missionaries began a have hesitated, and the opportunity study of the people and language. would possibly have been lost to lay Ten weeks later the comfortable the broad foundations that were laid home and its contents were t:onsigned for mission work." A brief time to flames, and the two workers of after the arrival at Naini Tal, Dr. undaunted bravery were homeless, Butler hacla little congregation about hunted for their lives in the adjoin- him, and started a day school for ing mountains. The English army bazaar children, in whom Mrs. Butler commanded them to leave quickly was interested. A sheep house standand unseen as the Rebellion became ing on a hill side, was cleared out, a fact. Hastily they started under whitewashed, fitted up with benches, the cover of the night, moving off and turned into a miniature chapel by the light of a mussalchee's torch. at a cost of $4.36- the first Metho- They traveled in palanquins. Dark- dist Church edifice in India. ness, tigers and elephants were about them as they passed through the III a few months the Rebellion was terai, a belt of deep jungle. During over and Nana Sahib, the Cruel, was the flight they slept at night in tents, with great log fires· kept burning by DR. AN D MRS. B UTLER'S HOME IN EAREILLY" the natives to keep away the wild beasts of the forest. For several himself a fugitive in the wilds of the terai. Dr. and Mrs. Butler were permitted to return to Bareilly, and 'Courtesy of the Missionary Education Movement.

MOTHER OF TWO MISSIONS

a very romance of missions is seen sympathies and energies. During the in the opportunity which came in following five years, with the aid of DelhI for Dr. and Mrs. Butler to sit nearly 20 more missionaries from the on the famous crystal throne in the homeland, the Methodist mission esaudience chamber of the Great Mo- tablished work in almost a dozen guls and watch the trial of the con- cities of Northwest India, erected spirators of the mutiny, and hear the mISSion homes, school buildings, decree of banishment for the Em- chapels, churches, and founded a peror of Delhi, the last of the Mo- publishing house, the property value guls, Mrs. Butler being the only going into thousands of dollars. American woman who had ever seen During these years Mrs. Butler worked the face of the Empress of Delhi. untiringly for the women and girls.

THE BAREItLY THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY This is located in the city where Methodist work in India began While sitting on that throne Dr. "Our early congregations in India Butler took out paper and pencil and from r8S7 to r86r," wrote Dr. Butwrote the notable appeal called, "The ler, "had in one sense a melancholy Throne of the Great Mogul," in aspect. "Voman was not there. which he pleaded for the support of British arms might abolish thrones, the orphans who would be left as a annihila,te sovereignties, overthrow result of all these months of war- great armies and give peace to a fare. "If you take them, you will bleeding land, but all that done, think of them," he wrote. "If yOlt there remained to be accomplished a pay for them, you will pray for mightier conquest which their swords them." A hearty response was made could not achieve, a victory to be by Methodism to this appeal and won which required a far different a girls' orphanage was founded, to agency for its consummation. That which Mrs. Butler directed her agency was woman. Her gentle hand,

THE :lISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WCmU) I Janua]')'

her Christian teaching must be the vealeCl the agency that He had in powerful nl.inistry to lead her be- reserve to meet the emergency and nfghted sisterhood to become the en- to complete His plan. The Woman's lightened 'Daughters of the Al- Foreign Missionary Societies weI l: mighty.' " organized; when the zenana doors were at last opening, when the gov- Marvelous health Mrs. Butler bad ernment was ready to welcome them during the vicissitudes of climate and gladly, when the appropriate native the coming in contact with contagious agency required had been made diseases, when many times she per- ready to keep them; when the requisonally nursed those with cholera, site funds were available for their and small-pox, but after nine years schools anc! orphanages, anc! when (he two indefatigable workers came the field was all their own and every back to America for rest. Soon after ohstacle had been removed out of they had taken up their residence in the way of their work and useful- Boston, two influential women repre- ness; then they came to render the senting the Congregational Churches service which they alone coulc! accalled to ask their opinion on complish." lVoman's missionary societies. They orgahized a society in 1868, with Vhen the Woman's Society became Mrs. Butler's words and presence to an institution, it gave scope for lIrs. help launch it. Butler's executive ability, organiz- ing power and zeal, and she was in Filled with enthusiasm on that demand in many directions to help occasion, Mrs. Butler attempted to promote the cause. Few women secure similar action among Metho- knew the story of Nations as she dist women the following spring. Co- did. This organization has grown operating with her with equal zeal to marvelous strength, haying in the and purpose was Mrs. Edwin W. past year an income of $9II,337, a Parker of India, who at the time total of more than ~T4,OC>O,000. Durwas in America, and the two enlisted ing the forty-four years of its histhe interest of some women of means tory, these have been contributed and social prominence, the result be- through the society, and it has maining a meeting called for organization tained over 400 women missionaries in Tremont Street Church, Boston, on the foreign field. March 23, 1869. Only eight women were present, but a forcible presen- In 1873 Mrs. Butler accompanied tation of the purpose resulted in an her husband to Mexico, where she effective organization. again shared with him the task of fOllnding a mission of their Church. Eloquently Dr. Butler wrote of Here she had the nnique experience this action and the opportunity pre- of making a home in part of the hissented in these words: "As 1869 toric building which was once the approached, and the success of the palace of the Emperor Moctezuma, great hopes that had been awakened and was afterward part of the great in the heart of India for the enlight- monastery of· the Franciscans-the enment of one-sixth of all the women missionary monks of the Catholic on earth, as well as for women in Church. Later, after the sequestraall unevangelized climes, God re-

MOTHER OF TWO MISSIONS

MRS. BUTLER WITH NATIVE INDIA PREACHERS IN 1906* tion of the monasteries by the Liber- in its various schools in that country. al Government, it has been in turn a After opening that field Dr. and circus 'and theater, and, as the fana- Mrs. Butler retired from strenuous tical press put it "Each time worse." activities. A rare treat was then ar- Then it became a Methodist Mission ranged for them-at no expense to House. Mrs. Butler also rejoiced to them, or their Board, they were persee a band of earnest Christians wor- mitted to revisit India. . What changes shiping in the former Examining had taken place! How they were Chapel of the Inquisition in the City thrilled with the sights of progress of Puebla. Here she received into · development and adoption of western her own home the first orphan girl ideas! On and up through India they to come into the care of the Mis- sped, but the climax of their journeysion, which now has 5,000 <;hildren 'CQurtesy of th~ Missionary Education Movement.

ings was reached in Bareilly, where penetrated the dense jungle through as a feature of the welcome their which they had made their famous train arriving near midnight was escape, and that Methodist missions met by nearly 300 girls from the were extending their ministry over orphanage founded 20 years before, some of the Terai population and and by a company of students from that there was singing of hymns and a flourishing Theological Seminary, holding of services by the humble besides natives without number, dwellers in the Jungle. members of the churches. The year 1906 was Jubilee year of Thrilling is the pell-picture the two Methodist missions in India. A gave of a feature of the return visit large company of Americans atto historic Lucknow. "To us," they tended. Mrs. Butler, tho 86, made wrote, "it was a surprise to see the the trip, and was naturally a central preparations made for open meetings figre in the celebration. At an age under the trees in one of the large when very few women would have centers of the city, municipal authori- gone beyond the shadow of their ties granting the privilege. This in own home she crossed the seas and Lucknow! And these were the people endured the fatigues of nearly five who resisted Havelock, and aimed to days of trying railway travel from destroy everything English and Tuticorin to Bareilly, that she might Christian in 1857! The sons and look upon this scene. Seated on the daughters of the Sepoy race holding ground there gathered before her an meetings in the center of the Sepoy audience of about 3,000 people- Capital 1 This in Lucknow 1 The fact some of the fruits of the prayers and kept constantly recurring to onr toils and tears of the years gone, minds. What would Havelock have while he by whose side she first enthought had this scene been foretold tered this city, was waiting over him! yonder, with the thousands who had already been garnered in. With a "On Sabbath, from seven o'clock clear voice which could be heard in in the morning till half-past ten at every corner of the great tent she night, service after service, at brief declared: intervals, filled up the hours. Never had we seen so many native Chris- "The idols He shall utterly abolish, tians together. The women ,were as and tho the Himalayas be five miles ready as the men. The locality and high and the ocean five miles deep, its antecedents made the scene seem this earth of ours shall yet be as full more wonderful than it could be of the glory of God as the face of elsewhere. At the sacramental ser- the deep is of water." vice there was no caste. The American, the English, the Sikh, the Ro- Heaven seemed very near to all in hilla, the Eurasian, along with the that sublime hour. Fifty years ago varieties of caste from the Brahmin there was no one to welcome the to the pariah, sharing in the ele- first missionary into this city. Now ments. The central figures at one 110t only are 3,000 native Christians table were a Rajah and his wife." on the ground, but' the' municipal au- The visitors saw that Christianity had thorities sent a most remarkable wel-

MOTHER OF TWO MISSIONS

come. This shows the wonderful from Burma, the men from the changes that God has wrought. Malay country, the men from the wilderness, the men from the far No building in the city of Bareilly hill country, even from Tibet, the chosen for the Jubilee was large men of the strong Marathi race and enough to contain all that wished the stout-hearted folk of Rajputana to attend; so great tents were joined joined with the men and women of together until a tabernacle was made the Hindu and Mohammedan provlarge enough to shelter 3,000, that inces of Northern India with one came to represent the membership accord in the song- of victory, it was of the Church of I90,000 with a con- like a second Pentecost!" stituency sufficient to bring up the number under the banner planted in One of the Jubilee events was the 1856, to a quarter of a million. laying of the cornerstone of a hospi- BUTLER MEMORIAL BUILDING IN BARODA, INDIA At the opening service of the tal bearing the name of Mrs. Butler, jubilee, when Mrs. Butler' entered, and another was a reception held in the great company sprang to its feet the palace of the Nawab of Rampore by a common impulse, while the who had offered it for that purpose Indian song leader flung his tam- -a significant contrast from the days bourine in the air and burst into of r856! the native Christian hymn, "Jai Prabu Yesu"-"Victory to Jesus." Not only at a Jubilee in the Ori~nt was Mrs. Butler a conspicuous figure, "This is wonderful," whispered but also in the climax meetings of one next to her. "To you it is the notable Jubilee of woman's forwonderful! To me it is a miracle!" eign missionary societies held in exclaimed Mrs. Butler. Speaking of 19IO, in New York City, when from the gathering afterward she said, the platform of the Fifth Avenue "As the men from Bengal, the men Presbyterian Church, her voice rang

out clear and clarion-like as she the heroic for the Christian is to closed a brief address on missionary be found in the foreign missionary work, exclaiming, "It's the grandest service. Will not the Church of to- thing in the world!" day be justified in looking to the The last appeal of Mrs. Butler for young women of rich opportunities India was written in her 93rd year for recruits for the world-wide war- and was made to the heroic spirit of fare? It is not to a sacrifice of death, young American women. She began but to the "living sacrifice" the Mas- with the following words: ter calls in thousands of places of "It was my fortune some time ago need, in the new China, the hoary to hear a student from India. at one India, behind the veiled doors of of our great universities, say that ?Ioslelll homes. "I beseech you, the British, by prohibiting suttee, therefore, present yuur bodies," your had extinguished the heroic spirit ill talents, your culture to this noble India. Suffice it to say that he was work, to be an acceptable sacrifice!

not a Christian. There waS little When I came into this world there sympathy with his views apparently, were few places where a woman and one was tempted to inquire if could work in special organized the heroic in national life depended service for the Church. To-day there on the immolation. of living beings is a place for every talent, every gift, on the funeral pyre, why the exercise for every character, to find its highest of that virtue had been confined riches in the ranks of the army of through the ages to one sex? the living God."

May we not farther presume that Mrs. Dutler's closing years were if such privi:ege had been conferred spent in her home in Newton Center, on the husband as well as on the M:assachusetts, which was the center wife, the spirit of the Hindu people of missionary inspiration to workers would have been strong enough to not only of her own church but of repel the invaders who, from the be- other denominations. Up to within ginning of history, have made the a year she was constant in her at- fair land of Hindustan their spoil? tendance at rileetings, and up to her The change which we see coming last days she used her pen and voice, all over the world in the removal of especialIy in the endeavor to lead age-long restrictions upon woman- others to enlist in missionary service.

hood doubtless ushers in a new era She was greatly gifted in prayer, when she shall have greater privileges and was called upon for such service and, therefore, infinitely greater re- at every missionary meeting she at- sponsibilities. While the home life tended. Any who ever heard her shall always be her deepest concern, thus talk with God, felt indeed that she will not be excused from a wider ,they had been in an "Upper Room."

sympathy which shall take in the Such saints never die, but after their civic needs and the world-wide en- translation live on here below, still terprises. It has been well said that doing over again their work of in- the greatest field for the exercise of spiration and helplessness.

the War In the

BY REV. GEORGE D. HERRICK, D.D. Formerly Missionary of the American Board in Constantinople ~~""'-'-"II?lJJEGINNING ~ith the and the third between Turkey and last ten weeks of 1912 Greece. Turkey is not expelled from there have been a se- Europe after all. She has pushed ries of events in the back her western border sixty· miles Turkish Empire that beyond the line drawn in London. have been unparalleled She once more possesses her ancient capital, Adrianople. in human history. Var, fierce, bloody, pitiless; the four Balkan The most important results that states victorious over their old op- have emerged from the horrible conpressor, the Turk, whom they almost fusion as the black clouds and the drove out of Europe; then "peace"- thunderings roll away are the followwhen lo! the victors began fighting ing: among themselves over the division of the spoils. The ferocity exhibited I. The sacrifice of human life has was more brutal than was exhibited been frightful. Little Montenegro, on either side in the first Balkan with a population of a quarter of ;. war. Even unarmed men, women, million, acknowledges a loss of 10,000 children, by thousands fell victims to men, one in 25 of the entire populathe blood-lust of men gone mad In tion. Reckoning the population of an unchecked riot of wild carnage. our country at 90,000,000, imagine a war lasting a few months, and think The Turks have complained, with what it would mean if 3,600,000 much reason, that the Great Powers young men were to be killed m batof "Christian" Europe make treaties tie! If the loss of men disabled for with the weaker states but to break life be added to those killed, the them the moment their own interests sacrifice of Bulgaria in human life fail to be served by those states, es- falls little short of that of Montepecially when the states in question negro in proportion to the population are Moslem. of the country. The same holds true of Servia. The losses of the Turkish In July the Turks seized the op- army in battle and by disease are portunity to set in motion a large, probably a quarter of a million. newly organized army, and by forced marches crossed the Enos-Media line The number of young men, the and, in defiance of the mandate of flower of their several races, lost to Europe, retook and permanently oc- peaceful industry by these wars, will cupied Kirkkilisse and Adrianople. reach close on a million, a ghastly result, a frightful devastation. Then followed three peace settlements, the first between Rumania, 2. All the states involved in the Bulgaria, Servia and Greece, the sec- war are now on the ragged edge ond between Turkey and Bulgaria, of bankruptcy. It will take many

years, even if the bitter hatreds fos- radical reforms in their gOYernmental tered by the strife are held in leash, administration, in education, and in for those peoples to recover financial- developing the resources of their ly from the effects of the flghting. country. They will urge very co- 3. The actual suffering all throu·gh gently upon the Powers of Europe South-Eastern Europe and Asia consent to two changes which will Minor, as the direct result of the materiaUy increase their revenue, war, is quite beyond the conception of viz., the increase of custom dues from Americans. "There was not a house II . to IS per cent., and the abolition where there was not one dead.·' Yes, of all foreign post offices. The lat- and in many houses, not one but two ter can be done only by the appoint- and three; in one house, seven vacant ment of foreigners as the heads of places are reported. The desolated their post office at Constantinople and homes are filled with mourning. in the seaboard towns.

Gaunt famine follows in the wake of The reform of the judiciary will be war. most difficult and will take most time.

4. The folly of all congratulatior. The point of danger will Le in the over the "Christian" alliance of the unwillingness of the Young Turks to Balkan states has become manifest. accord to their Christian fellow-coun- The ambition of Bulgaria to domi- trymen that degree of leadership nate the Balkan peninsula has been which their intelligence calls for, rudely shattered. and respect for that reasonable 5. Greece has gained more and lost national aspiration which those illus- less than any of the other states in~ trious races, the Armenian and the volved in the struggle. Salonika is Greek, have long and vainly claimed, a very rich city; and even if Greece but which can not longer be stifled.

does not possess all the islands she It is hoped that those at the helm will claim, yet her influence as a sea- will see in time the rocks on which power on the Mediterranean is here- the ship of state is in peril pf being after to be reckoned with in the solu- wrecked.

tion of Mediterranean problems. The recent action of the govern- 6. The year has been a year of ment, conciliatory toward the Arabs, crisis for the Ottoman Empire and action in pleasing contrast to the un- for the various peoples of that land. wise course adopted three years ago The first Balkan war left Turkey de- , in both Arabia and Albania, may be feated, humiliated, despairing. Worse taken as a pledge of an honest pur- than that. The comparatively small pose on the part of those in power number of liberal and enlightened to respect the national desires of the Turks were split into two factions various races that compose the popu- and fell into bitter recriminations lation of the empire.

among each other. Had Russia had What do these great events fore- a free hand, Ottoman dominion would shadow touching the progress of the have ended last summer. Kingdom of God?

The Turks know that their national Greece and Servia have always existence hinges on their speedy suc- been intolerant toward missionary cess in actually accomplishing several work, even educational work in mis-

sionary hands; and in the expulsion Christianity as being near to the of American missionaries from places Christianity which was theirs cen- they once held in Albania they have turies ago. The opportunity and the been acting in character. pi'obably call to American Christians is unique; the institution established by Dr. it is urgent; it is full of promise of House at Salonica will be undis- speedy and large results.

turbed, as it is "agricultural and in- In Turkey itself we face conditions dustrial," but evangelical teaching in affecting missionary work very differ- this institute will have to be conduct- ent but equally beckoning with those ed with great tact. Elsewhere, serious in Albania. In Turkey the plant in limitations may be expected. Bul- American hands is very large, and it . garia has welcomed educational work is Americans who hold the field. The by American missionaries and ha.> missionary and educational force is been qualifiedly friendly toward their large. All strategic centers are oc~ evangelistic work. Whether she will cupied. American high schools, col- allow greater freedom for effort in leges, hospitals are all full to over- behalf of the Moslems remaining flowing. These institutions are nt1m~ within her borders remains to be bered by scores. In recent years seen. Moslems in large numbers are among When we turn to Albania the out- their patrons. Relief work adminis- look totally changes. The Albanians, tered by American hands in real sym- both Moslem and Christian, have long pathy amid the appalling suffering since united in a common desire and following the war has won the hearts determination to use their own lan- of the Turks. They know the su- guage rather than the Turkish as the preme need for their people, of men- principal language in their schools. tal and moral education and they are They welcomed the proclamation of looking to Americans for their mod- constitutional government in 1908 in els and their guides. They are read- the confident hope of now attaining ing our Bible and other Christian their purpose. The folly of the books, and are ready to listen to the "Young Turks" in Albania is writ Gospel message as never before. The large on the pages of modern history. war has been indescribably, incon- All is changed WIth the erection of ceivably fearful in its carnage and Albania into a free state. The people the suffering it has caused. But we are grateful to Italy and to Austria. see reason to believe these sufferings But this is with a certain reserve, for are opening men's eyes, in all races, they very well know that self-interest to the supreme value of moral and is at the bottom of Italian and Aus- spiritual good. Behold the door trian friendship. To Americans they thrown wide open by those newly turn without reserve. They appeal to awakened peoples to their friends of us to establish schools and hospitals the "Vest, especially t(l American among them. Some of them go fur- Christians. The chance offered us for ther and declare themselves ready to spiritual investments that yield a abandon Islam, forced upon them by hundred-fold is as great, certainly, in the Turks, and accept Protestant the Nearer as in the Farther East.

A Recent rrour In

BY REV. PHINEAS B. KENNEDY, DURAZZO, ALBANIA Missionary of the Am,erican Board o-.:so……mN the Dibra district, We were conducted safely over where we recently dis- the mountains within the Servian tributed about 450 lines under a white flag of truce and liras ($2,000) to the saw the Albanians on the one stde suffering people, my and the Servians on the other fol- wife and I were royal- lowing our movements with their field-glasses. As no intercommunily entertained by the Albanians of cation had been allowed for some the Tirana, Kellos, Chela and Matt time between the Servians and the districts through which we passed. people of the Mott district, we were Rarely has a foreigner been seen the first to pass over those mounin these beautiful mountainous sec- tains for several months. tions, and Mrs. Kennedy enjoyed the unique distinction of being the first After being held by the Servians foreign woman who had ever en- for four days, under suspicion of tered the Mott district. The women being the political agents of Austria, of the harems were deeply interest- we were forbidden to go to the Luma ed in her clothing, her eyeglasses, the district, where fighting soon after gold filling in her teeth, etc. The took place, but were allowed with a Albanians manifested a natural mounted police and two foot-soldiers strength of character and self-con- to visit some of the 18 burned viltrol with which the drinking of the lages in the neighborhood of Dibra. foreigners at the seaport restaurants V{e found these villages entirely is a shameful contrast. Altho en- burned and the starving people livtirely Moslem they unitedly stand ing in thatched enclosures. They against the use of alcoholic liquors, were absolutely destitute and much and also argued sensibly concerning less did they possess guns! The entheir rights and the proposed boun- tire districts of Gustiva, Reka and daries of Albania. Day by 'day they Kaza have been destroyed by the Serproved the sturdiness of their con- vians, who burned 3,185 houses amI victions 'by sending out delegated slew II,477 Albanians (Moslems), bands of hardy men with their rifles The consequence is that the whole to hold back the further unjust en- population of 80,000 is pressing this croachment of the Servians. They way. Already over 25,000 are in Elbaclaimed that they had killed no Ser- san and at least 20,000 are in Tirana, vian prisoners, while the Servians All the mosques, schools and public had shot their captured Albanians. buildings are crowded and Mrs. Ken- They appealed to us for cooperation nedy telegraphs me from Elbasan in establishing schools and enlight- that the need for relief funds is disening influences which they frankly tressing. In Tirana I found the acknowledged they need. conditions the Same-every available place cro'..-d~d and villagers with Should war break out between their earthly belongings on their Greece and Turkey the matter of the backs, constantly coming in! About southern boundary of Albania might half of these people are dependent be further delayed . The persecuupon us for bread. The local gov- tion of the Albanians in Kortcha ernment is doing commendably, but by the Albanian members of the is expecting us to cooperate with it. Greek Orthodox Church, assisted by Day by ' day this problem wiI! grow the army and church authorities, is more pressing until the Servians a parody on the real work of the oBuda))est AUS T R A HUN G A THE BALKAN PENINSULA BEFORE AND AFTER THE WAR withdraw an.-l the boundary com- Church. Why the Commission almission has given to these Albanians lows the Greek forces to increase their own Albanian territory. This their numbers in the- Albanian city question, as any other, if not settled of Kortcha, instead of vacating the justly, will not be settled. city and governing the city with a neutral force of soldiers is difficult The political outlook is encourag- to I1nderstand. ing if the Commission of Control will accornplisb soon its high service Through the kindness of Mr. of justly and wisely controlling the Charles Crane of Chicago a Board present unsettled conditions as an of Trustees has been elected in advisory board and not as destroy- America for the purpose of developing the initiative of the Albanians. ing the Kortcha Girls' Boardin~-

school. As soon as God opens the and which was forcibly taken from way we shall return to Kortcha to us by the Turkish Government on cooperate in this plan and in re- the ground that they needed it for opening our home as ,a boys' board- military barracks. It is true that ing-home. Under God's blessing, we the 500 liras which we paid for this hope that this may grow in its in- land was received back from the fluem;e for encouraging boys toward Turkish Government by our purlives of scholarship and usefulness. chasing agent. However, our claim Several boys have entered Robert is that the Turkish Government for- College from this school. feited its right to take this land from us as the proposed barracks The provisional Albanian Govern- were never built. They were workment has unexpectedly taken the po- ing against us because we befriended sition that the Krasta property be- the opprest Albanians and promised longs to the present Albanian Gov- to open an institution where the Alernment. This land we purchased some three years ago for 500 liras * banian language would be taught.

India A.D. 1913 BY HERBERT ANDERSON, CALCUTTA HE year 191 3 opened Seventy-two thousand miles of tele- graph lines flash 12,000,000 messages mT with the shadow of a about the Empire, and 58,000 miles tragedy over the Em- of irrigation canals have made 48,- pire. The anarchIst at- 000,000 acres of unprofitable jungle tempt to take the Vice- and sandy wastes to blossom with fer- roy's life at the Delhi tility. These figures betoken the in- Durbar failed as d llnrder. It 'iUC- fluences of Western civilization upon ceeded where its perpetrators least the waking Orient and are a magdesired success-in calling forth ~pOll­ nificent tribute to administrative taneotls, wide-spread, genuine loyalty power. They heIp us to understand to the British Empire from every cor- the stir in India's industrial life. ner of the land. The political sky, They explain the growing volume of still clouded, has been clearer ever emigration from village to city. Missince, and the cal1se of missions aided sions are faced by the power and thereby. peril of the city problem.

This has been a year of excep- We have evidences of the same tional material prosperity and good silent progress in social reform. harvests have brought forth rapid Without any outstanding event to progress in the Empire's economic rivet the gaze 011 personality or place, and industrial life. Thirty-five thou- Indian women are entering the land sand miles of railways are carrying of liberty. Government is spending 350,000,000 of passengers every year. large sums of money on female edu- cation, and each year witnesses an 4 Any funds sent through the American Board of Boston to W, W. Peet, of Constantinople, will be duly forwarded to me for this work.

A. D. 1913

increase by thousands of girls attend- permanent results will follow. The ing school. Our cities show more leaders. of Islam have been drawn women permitted the freedom of the together in their distresses and have parks, streets, and places of amuse- founded a Pan-Moslem League to ment. In the inner circles of home secure the strength of unity in belife, too, debas'ing customs concern- half of their faith. This stir of ing marriage and widowhood are giv- Islamic life has influenced the policy ing way before the light of fuller of government to an appreciable deknowledge and a growing reverence gree, and the Christian missionary for personality. can not but feel the trend of events is fraught with peril. India has been profoundly moved in her religious thought life. The A larger circulation of God's word growing activities of the reform sects has marked I913 than in any recent indicate both stir and progress. The year. Temperance reform has been Samaj movements, vedic, vedantic, urged upon the notice of the govand unitarian press forwarded into ernment, and His Excellency, Lord Hinduism and Buddhism in their Hardinge, has been the first viceroy preaching of a noble idea of God, in sympathetically to receive a deputatheir demand for a noble ideal of tion of temperance leaders, urging life and duty. "We shall S0011 need the restriction of the consumption of to change some of the essentials of both drinks and drugs. Social evils our faith," writes the leader of a su~h as those connected with the strict Hindu sect. "Social service" white slave traffic have been d,eaH has been a non-Christian watchword with by legal enactments inflicting during the past twelve months. In more drastic penalties on wrongcalamities such as floods, at vast doers. The influence of theosophy gatherings such as ruchas, and at especially in Madras has been furspecial places of pilgrimage bands of ther undermined by the proceedings young men of various creeds and against Mrs. Besant in regard to her races have sacrificed time and C0111- protege Alegone. The roll call to fort and money t6 be useful to their higher service includes such wellfellows. Thus it may be said that known names as Dr. Irving of Allaa larger vision of brotherhood has habad, and Dr. Huntley of Agra and come to many, unconsciousl), guiding it has been an exceptional year for the destiny of non-Christian religious the invaliding home of missionaries, thought life in India to-day. Mis- with a consequent lack of staff to sions in their presentation of the Gos- supply stations already occupied. pel of Jesus are the unac'knowleelged prophets of this eva,ugel of the re- This has been a great year for form movements to the Hinduism of Christian missions. It is too early past centuries. yet to be able to chronicle the numer- ical increase in baptisms from non- We have witnessed a renaissance Christian communities. In view of of the Moslem faith in India. The our present-day movements, of the events around Constantinople have deprest and outcast communities, we influenced the Indian situation very should anticipate the greatest record largely. It is too early to say what of any past year in additions by

baptisms to the church. Presbyte- soon after these words are in print rians, Anglicans, Methodists and Bap- the National Council of Mis.sions for tists are all rejoicing in these acces- the whole Empire-representative of sions. "Coming, coming; yes, they the variotls provincial councils—will are." But the year will be more be sitting to study the problems of memorable for the spirit of fellow- Indian missions from the standpoint ship in Christ that has come to birth. of the whole enterpri:'e. All the Dr. Mott's Indian conferences are forces, Protestant and Syrian, will historic. The Edinburgh Conference be cooperating as never before, for Continuation Committee has justifIed the spread of the Redeemer's King..

its appointment wondrously. Sent by dom. Who can estimate the signifi- that body-and so coming with the cance of this wondrous advance?

credentials of the leaders of the How energy may be conserved, the home-base-he set before the mission- frontal attack on non-Christian faiths aries of the Empire in the early reorganized, the Indian Church given months of the year the possibilities opportunities to develop all latent of cooperation, the need of councils powers of sacrifice and ·service, In- to focus policy and methods, and de- dian leaders thrust forth to take more velop missionary union in institu- responsible and prominent positions tional efforts such as hospitals, col- in both church and missionary ac- leges, schools, evangelistic campaigns tivity, to what extent women ·swork and literature. The seed fell into needs greater emphasis and a larger prepared ground. The Master Him- proportionate expenditure, how litera- self had preceded His messenger. The ture 'and education, medical and in- leaders of the forces in the Empire dustrial effort can be made better to were found to be one already in serve the great evangelistic ideal- prayer life, in desire for fuller knowl- these are the matters to which im- edge of each other, and for the ef- mediate attention will now be given; fective joining up of scattered agen- and that no longer as a divided force cies. So the year closes with per- but a force in which Christ's' prayer manent preliminary organization ac- has visible answer, "That they may complished. Bengal and Assam, Be- be one" . "that the world may har and Orissa, Bombay, Burma, believe."

Mid-India, Punjab, South India, and It is not too optimistic an estimate the United Provinces are the eight to say that 1914 opens with the op- areas into which India and Burma portunity of becoming the grandest have been divided. Ceylon will prob- year of modern missionary history.

ably come in as the ninth. All these year of modern missionary history.

areas have already elected their rep- Will we make the opportunity a real- resentative councils of missions, and ity?

"It is much more difficult to pray for missions than to give to them. We can only really pray for missions if we habitually lead a life of prayer; and a life of prayer can only be led if we have entered into a life of communion with God."-The late Prof. Gustav Warneck, of Halle.

Burma-Present and

BY REV. II. n. COCHRANE, PYAPON, BURMA Missionary of the American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society, ~T HEl JUDSON CEN- indicate results at least equaling any- TEN ARY takes first thing in the past. place among events of religious significance Missionary socIetIes working' JIl for I913. The Ameri- Burma are, American Baptist, Ameri- . can Baptist Mission is can Methodist, English Wesleyan, S. P. G. and Roman Catholic- attempting to raise on the field a cen- American Baptists with their 185 mis- tenary offering of Rs. roo,ooo (over . sionaries on the field, 900 native $33,(00), to be contributed chiefly by churches, about 7o,cxxi church-mem- native Christians. This fund is to bers, and 25,000 pupils in mission be used for direct evangelistic work, schools, being by far the strongest. Christian education, and printing of The largest ingathering during the religious literature. The great cen- year has been among the tribes on the tennial celebration is to be held in China border, where converts have December, at Rangoon, in connection been gained by thousands during the with the annual convention of the past decade.

Baptist Mission. A good number of The Rangoon Baptist College has noted Baptists from America will be made rapid growth, including the present. One hundred and twenty- completion of a fine building for the three mIssIonary sOCIetIes having high-school department, and re- work in India have been invited to ceipt of a gift of $ro,ooo from two send a representative. After the donors in America for a building for meetings tours will be made to points the European school.

of mIssIonary interest throughout The Baptist Mission has opened a Burma, including, of course, the sites new station at Pyapon in the great of Judson's imprisonment, Ava and Irrawaddy delta among a half-mil- Aungbinle. N ative Christ~ans are lion Buddhists.

now engaged in a movement to have One of the strongest missionaries, the site of Judson's prison at Ava set apart for evangelistic work, has marked by a suitable monument. conducted successful campaigns at The "Win One" movement has led several mission stations, in connec- to greater emphasis on personal work, tion with the local missionary. Other resulting in an increase in number of societies, for which the writer is not converts, and in brighter spiritual life so competent to speak, have been in the churches and young peoples' pushing their work with great energy societies. and a good measure of success.

Statistics for 1913 are not yet Many thousands, who have not yet available, but reports from churches broken away from the ancestral re- and evangelists throughout the year ligion, have received Bible instruc-

tion, with a more enlightened con- influence among the people at large ception as to what Christianity really has been over-estimated. In the is, and a weakening of faith in the writer's estimation it is not so much old. There are many who contend a revival of Buddhism as a frantic that education, under Christian in- attempt to stay the tide of Chrisfluences, has been a more potent in· tianity. The Buddhist Young Men's fluence for good than "direct evan- Association, Buddhist secular schools, gelization." It is certain that a new etc., are but attempts to ape mission- Burma is rising, a new generation of ary methods, but really having little men and women who are, in some religious significance. That the commeasure, coming to think for them- mon people never have shown so selves. The British Indian Govern- much interest in Christianity as now, ment is administering the affairs of is the universal verdict of Christian Burma more and more effectively, workers. Missions in Burma are and by officials of higher type, secur., now experiencing the "penalty of sucing to all greater freedom of action cess." Leadership is the great need, as well as of thought. and will be for years to come. This means more men, more money, and The so-called "Revival of Bud- more prayer. dhism" is still in evidence, tho its Opening the Great Closed Land BY KEV. JAMES C. OGDEN, BATANG, TIBET, WEST CHINA Missionary of the Foreign Christian Missionary Society ~T IBET proper is still pedia Britannica, on India paper. The ~ clos~d to the Christian significance of this visit, and of the mISSIOnary, but the royal exchange of gifts is of no small present trend is toward importance. religious and political autonomy, with a modi- Prior to this visit of the Dalai fied policy of exclusion. According Lama to England, Tibet and 11onto the latest reports, the Dalai" Lama, golia had declared independence, and the Pope of Tibetan Buddhism, is in had mutually agreed to assist each England. His presents to the King other in maintaining independence were weapons and saddlery, and are and in propagating Buddhism. Since now in the British Museum. The the recent revolution, China has been royal gifts to the Dalai Lama in- unable to control these two depencluded examples of the best British dencies, and Russia has made a decorative and applied arts. Among treaty with, Mongolia in which the these were a fine telescope, with autonomy of the latter is guaranteed. which the Dalai Lama might vary the routine of the Potala in Lassa by There is to be a conference in Lonwatching the heavenly bodies, and don regarding the Tibetan situation, the eleventh edition of the Encyclo- for the purpose of forming a new treaty with China, which, while recog- nizing the suzerainty of the Republic,

THE GREAT CLOSED LAND

will give the Dalai Lama full ad- ed with his white-faced brother, and ministrative autonomy, and will pro- discovered' his own weakness, and tect his territory from future military narrow policy of seclusion. He no, expeditions. These provisions have doUbt knows that these Englishmen been tentatively accepted in Peking. could have looted and demolished his The Dalai Lama shows willingness to sacred city, but for some reason did agree to proposals which will ce111ent not. his relations with the government of India, and will eJ1able him to main- Following this expedition; China, tain free intercourse with the power inspired by jealousy, began her bloody operations in Eastern Tibet in 1905, A MUD HOUSE IN EfSTERN TIBET, USED AS A MISSIONARY'S HOME that gave him refuge when he fled and carried this war into Tibet before the troops of West China. proper. The Dalai Lama fled to In- The troublesome questions in Eastern dia, and was given refuge in Dar- Tibet, where hostilities between Chi- jeeling. Chinese schools were opened nese and Buddhist leaders have been in eastern Tibet, the telegraph was recently resumed will have the atten- built through Tachienlu and Batang, tion of this conference. and was completed to Chambdo in August, 1911. The Chinese Imperial The Younghusband expedition into Post Office was opened in Batang in Lassa in 1904 was a great factor in May, and in August a route was making Tibet known to the world. opened through Tibet via Chambdo, The Dalai Lama, the politico-religious Lassa, and Gyantse to Darjeeling in ruler of Tibet, thus became,acquaint-

A MISSION SCHOOL CLASS OF TIBETAN BOYS India. Ninety thousand square miles missions planning to work in Tibet in Eastern Tibet were open to mis- and when hostiliti,es cease they will sionary activity, and missionaries and begin workon the borders. Successtravelers explored and mapped this ful missions for: Tibetans have been territory. The Tibetans were vecy j:Qtlductetl .inLeh, L:ittle Tibet; in friendly because the Dalai ' Lama w~t~, protected by England, and mis- It. LARGE TIBETAN PRAYER·WHEEI. sionaries could have traveled free'ly in Tibet proper but for the feSfric- tions placed upon such traver by China, England and Russia. These restrictions were probably wise at that time because of the danger from hostile bands of robbers.

The Chinese revolution came ' and ' made it necessary for Chinese soldiers to be withdrawn from Tibet. Missionaries at Tachienlu and Batang were forced to leave their wellequipped stCltions. The Dal~i Lama again took charge, declared 'war against China, and drove the Chitlese out of Tibet. After China became a republic, she again sent an expedition into Eastern Tibet, but England protested against Chinese soldiers entering Tibet proper.

At present there are a number of

SITUATION IN CHINA

Darjeeling, India; in TachienJu and tive effort in evangelizing this "roof Batang, Eastern Tibet. Roman of the world." Interest is growing. Catholics are reported to be compara- Money is being given in larger tively strong in Eastern Tibet. The amounts, more men and women are combined efforts of missionaries, gov- under appointment and others are ernment officials in India, Indian preparing. One woman has pledged scholars, and others, have produced enough money to build chapels in some very good grammars and dic- six central stations and twenty-four tionaries of the Tibetan language, out-stations. What a challenge! and Genesis, Exodus, Psalms, and Large plans are being made. Great the complete New Testament have things are about to come to pass in been translated. Tracts, books and this arch of Asia. Monasteries must hymn books have been published and be turned int.::> schools and colleges. have been distributed and sold in the Christ will conquer Buddha. We beprincipal cities and towns. lieve that the opening of this closed land IS at hand. There is now a plan for coopera- The Situation In ~ China DY REV. P. W. PITCHER, AMOY, CHINA _Missionary of the Reformed Church in America ITH Dr. Sun Vat-Sen, civil war. So the situation is not so IWI the patriot and hero alarming, at least to an optimist, as of I9II, in exile, with might first appear.

Yuan Shih-Kai, the We recognize the disappointing situation, but let us give the Chinese .1Sl first elected President, credit for what they are trying to do, and at the same time give them from all accounts not our encouraging and sympathetic sup- port. These disturbances will right heartily in sympathy with republican themselves in time, but surely there is sufficient to arouse a spirit of hopeideas, and with a National Assembly fulness. Just think of what has taken place-the tremendous change and Senate split up into demoralizing within the past two years. The 1110st startling and 1110St indicative change factions, the situation in China is dis- of all came in that announcement of this republican government when appointing. through its National Assembly it ap- pealed to all Christian churches in But, it is a big step from an abso- China for prayer in its behalf, on April 27, 1913. It was, we believe, iute monarchy to a free and inde- but another and most convincing manifestation of the spiritual power pendent republic. We should not of Christianity which has taken hold of that people-a power that has been marvel too greatly if those who try to take it in a brief period should Llunder and fall. Such a movement takes time. After all, what is hap- pening in China is perfectly natural, and more or less a repetition of some of our own and probably forgotten history, i.e., the strife and weary seven years of forming our own Con- stitution-ancl the still more trying years of readj ustment after our cruel

working itself out in splendid Chris-' year to the Chinese, bringing, it is tian leadership during recent years. believed, the Gospel message b 20,- And we will not and do not believe 000,000, which in twenty years at that power is on the receding crest the same rate will bring the entire of a wave, but rather its movement 400,000,000 in touch with the Chrisis still forward. tian Gospel. Who can estimate the momentum of such a fact! The Chi- Such movements as were inaugu- nese arc calling for the teaching of rated in 19II do not go backward. Christ. Formerly Christian schools Indeed, 1913 witnessed a mighty for- and hospitals were accepted or tolerward momentum, especially among ated, while that for which they stood the student class-who are to be the was either ignored or despised and future leaders of that great nation. efforts made to stamp it out. But In the conference conducted by Dr.

CHINESE CHILDREN WHO LIKE THE MISSIOl'!"ARIES Matt and Mr. Sherwood E}ldy, over since the revolution, Christianity has 137,000 students listened to the Gos-' been seen in its true light. It is pel message and other helpful lec- inseparable from such institutionstures. Hundreds surrendered them- an integral part of them. It is clearly selves to Christ and to Christian ser- to those men who were avowed vice at the different meetings held in Christians that the Chinese owe their fourteen important centers, while deliverance from the petrified cu,;- over seven thousand pledged them- toms and procedure of the past. selves "not only to Bible study and The future we believe is bright daily prayer, but in most instances with promise. May our Christianity consented to enroll in Bible classes." "be equal to the task." May the Another enlightening and encourag- Christianity of all the churches "go ing item is that the .American Bible to the limit of devotion to the plane Society has sold 2,000,000 Bibles this of Christ."

Lure of Recent

· Literature* BY REV. A. WOODRUFF HALSEY, D.D.) NEW YORK Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign :Missions, U.S.A.

HE mission book is a and dominate the whole Christian fJT missionary. The story of missions as told in conception. recent literature has a ' charm all its own. In "It makes some difference whether we look upon the support of mis- sions as one among many manifes- ~ a large number of vol- tations of a spirit of charity, whether we look upon charity itself as one umes treating directly or indirectly of among many fruits of the spirit, or whether we look upon charity as the work of missions it is difficult to select any number which would be the nature of the spirit and mission- of equal value to all lovers of mis- ary charity as the manifestation of sions. The work done by the mis- the spirit in a world which needs sionary is so extensive, so varied, so above all things redeeming love. And world-wide, that it is not possible for it makes some difference whether we look upon redeeming love as active anyone individual to keep in touch toward us only, or as active in us with all the volumes that relate to the toward others; whether we receive a spirit of redeeming love embracing great movements now going on in the world which is active in us, and non-Christian lands as a result of the proceeds from us, or a spirit of rediligent, Christ-like work of the mis- deeming love which proceeds from sionary of the Cross. God taus and stops there. . . .

A few books chosen almost at ran- "The natural man does not desire the revelation of Christ to the world dom from the goodly number which and in the world. He may desire have recently come to my study table, progress, but not Christ. The desire set forth in clear light the work and for Christ, the desire of Christ in worth of the Christian missionary. the soul, is a certain sign of the The Heart of the Matter presence of the Spirit of Christ. If then a man finds this in his own 1. Missions to-day are causing the soul, he is convinced of the reality church at home to see the heart and of the Holy Spirit's indwelling in his own sou1." core of the Gospel.

A volume just from the press, en- These are well-chosen words which titled "Essential Missionary Princi- the Church of to-day needs to can ples," by Roland Allen, deals en- over.

tirely with this aspect of the mis- Rev. James S. Dennis, D.D., in his sionary movement. In a series of recent volume, "The Modern Call of clean-cut forceful chapters the author Missions," emphasizes another as- brings the reader face to face with pect of the same great truth. The the essential principles which underlie book is replete with illustrations 'These books may be ordered through the REVIEW. A list of publishers and prices is appended

drawn from the author's encyclopedic can race. After a series of chapters knowledge of the modern missionary dealing exhaustively with the whole movement, of how the simple ele- manner of the life of the African, ments of the Gospel are operative in his chapter on "The Progress of on all classes and conditions of men. Christian Missions," Mr. Harris In a striking paragraph he writes; writes: "In the sphere of discovery and "The day has gone by when the exploration; in the development of world could dismiss Christian misbackward races, in the molding of sions in West Africa with a connational life, in the shaping of politi- temptuous sneer, for Christian miscal destiny, in the reformation of sionary effort with its eloquent facts, administrative methods, the training definitely established, can no longer of public servants, the reconstruction be ignored. Of all the forces which of judicial systems, especially among have made for real progress in West barbaric races, the opening of com- Africa, Christianity stands some say mercial doors, the promotion of inter- first, others second, but none can national diplomacy and commercial place it last. To it belongs primarily intercourse, and in the ethical and in point of time at least, the ecosocial regeneration of ancient com- nomic prosperity of the Gold Coast. munities of mankind still moving To it belongs, almost entirely, the slowly and wearily toward a higher credit for the native clerks and educivilization, missions have wrought cated men on the coast. To it the marvelously, and we will discover natives owe their knowledge of usemore and more as time goes on their ful crafts. To one section of the value along these lines of influence." Christian Church at least belongs the honor of having on the spot saved Books of the Down the Kongo natives from extirpation."

2. The mission book of former This has to do with the West days emphasized the low estate of Coast of Africa. The illuminating man. We do not deny that it was volume by Donald Fraser entitled a truthful picture which the poet drew when he declared that in many "Winning Primitive People··-An Aclands "every prospect pleases and count of 16 Years' Work among the only man is vile." In reading more recent books, however, one is imprest War-like Tribes of Central Africa," with the Psalmist's conception of man, "Thou hast made him a little sets before us a series of graphic lower than the angels," and with the possibilities in man. The theme of pictures of transformations wrought many a recent missionary volume among the lowest tribes of darkest might well be: Africa and of a development of na- "Down in the human heart Crusht by the tempter, tive character which a few genera- Feelings lie buried that tions ago would have been declared Grace has restored." impossible. Such a volume as "Dawn in Dark- "As a Christian missionary, I must est Africa," by John H. Harris, is a record the extraordinary advance revelation of the mentality, spiritual- which our religion has made, for, in it, I believe, the hope of the conity and possibility of the whole Afri- tinent lies. While I acknowledge the blessing of commerce, and good gov- ernment, and civilization, I can not see that these by themselves will ever lift a savage people into permanent and progressive prosperity, or eman-

LURE OF RECENT MISSIONARY LITERATURE

cipate them from the degrading su- pamphlet, issued by this worthy perstitions of animism, which only "fellow-helper" of the missionary, enmake the veneer of Western life lu-, dicrous and dangerous. In these re- titled, "Some Roads Toward Peace, 0'

gions the progress that has been is found much stimulating missionary made is built upon a Christian foun- information. "Some Roads To- dation, and the removing of old ward Peace" is the report presented magical and communistic restraints by Charles W. Eliot, President has been accompanied by the crea- Emeritus of Harvard University, who tion of a Christian law and con- writes: science. There is now a church with- in our mission with 8,200 members in "It is impossible for the visiting full communion, besides 8,500 cate- American with any experience in adchumens and 13,000 enquirers. In ministration and its normal difficulthese, through the power of living ties not to sympathize with the few religion, and its continual creation of hundred men who have taken their a new social conscience, and its .ac- lives in their hands and risked their tivity in propagating itself, will be whole careers in trying to build up found the guarantee of the future." a free government in China. What The chapter on "The Wisdom of American could fail to sympathize the People," in which are given racy with men in such a dangerous posi- tion, trying to do this immense sernative proverbs, stories and wise say- vice to such a people? Yet during ings, reveals a mental capacity in my stay in China I seldom met Octhe African that is alluring and in- cidentals long resident in the country spiring. in diplomatic, consular, commercial, "Dan Crawford," in his unique or industrial positions, who manifestvolume, "Thinking Black," and in his numerous addresses delivered in ed genuine sympathy with the revo- America and England during the lution, or any hopeful belief in the possibility of creating a free govern- ment in China. It seemed to me that year 1913, has dealt largely upon this lack of sympathy and hope was the mentality of the African. It has partly due to the fact that most fortaken many years for the Chri~tiall eigners in China live there for years world to recognize that these savages, without making the acquaintance of a single Chinese lady or gentleman. cannibals, men of the forest, of the The merchant may conduct for many jungle, possess mental characteristics years a successful and widespread and moral distinctions of no mean business in China without knowing a order. It is the missionary book word of tIle language, or making the which is revealing to us the possibili- acquaintance of any of his customers. In the clubs organized and resorted ties of the native peoples of the to by English, Americans and other world. foreigners in the Chinese cities, no The Hope for the World Chinese person is eligible for mem:- 3. Each group of new volumes bership. It is the missionaries, which treat of world-wide problems teachers, and other foreigners who labor in China with some philanthropserve to emphasize that humanity's ic purpose, who really learn some- "only hope lies" in the Gospel. The thing about the Chinese. They get volumes issued by the Carnegie En- into real contact and friendlyreladowment for International Peace tions with the Chinese, both educated can hardly be designated "mission and uneducated; while the foreign business men probably remain ignoliterature," and yet in the very latest rant of Chinese conditions and quali-

ties, and Chinese hopes and aspira- comes with the new republic is the tions. The ground for holding to fact that the man who has engineered the hope that it may be possible to the revolution is a Christian. He create a free government in China has the most loyal devotion of the is that the Chinese deserve to be men that have risked their lives with free because they are industrious, him. His influence is seen in the frugal, fecund, enduring, and honest. little loss. of human life that has China will need a long period of re- been allowed by the revolutionaries.

construction, and the Vvestern world There never has been in all the his- ought to stand by China with pa- tory of China such a bloodless revo- tience, forbearance, and hope while lution as this last one. It must be she struggles with her tremendous an omen of gladness to the whole social, industrial, and political prob- nation that Jesus has at last come to lems. She needs at this moment the take His place in the councils of the Chinese equivalents of Benjamin em p ire. Kang-hi, a celebrated Franklin, George Washington, and heathen emperor, in his great im- Alexander Hamilton. May she find perial dictionary that has been in the them." hands of the scholars of China for President Eliot makes very clear the last two centuries and a half, de- fined Him as being 'the Savior uf that he regards the Chinese as a the life of the world.' This silent, great race, "industrious, frugal, fe- unconscious prophecy is at length cund, enduring, and honest," but it being fulfilled in the new thoughts is the missionary who comes into about the preciousness of life that real contact with them, and it is to have come with the dawn of the new the missionary that China looks for republic." help. Yuan Shi-Kai in a personal conversation with President H. H. The thought of the Christian world Lowrie, of the Peking University, is now centered on China, many of said: "I am not a Christian, I am a the denominations are raising large Confucianist, but only Christian sums of money for the extension of ethics can save China, our morality the work; one denomination, the is not sufficient for the crisis." Presbyterian North, having already secured more than $300,000, as an Another volume, entitled "Men and additional sum for China. Manners of Modern China," by J. Macgowan, has numerous illustra- Books on China are mUltiplying. tions tending to show the latent PGS- The very last one which has come to sibilities in the Chinese race and yet my table,. "China Revolutionized," by making clear that China's only hope John Stuart Thompson, is full of good is a civilization permeated with the things. Some idea of the opinion of spirit of the Gospel. Mr. Macgowan the author 01" the subject under conhas lived in China for So years, and sideration can be seen from the folaccording to his own statement has lowing statement taken from the lived with almost every class in the chapter, entitled "Religious and l'iiscountry. His private conviction after sionary China." So years of close association with "I want to write a word of com- mendation of the missionary, for de- traction by some in high places, and this great people is given in the clos- by some authors who write as they ing paragraph of his valuable volume. fly and flit at the ports, is not un- common. The attacks upon missions "One element of strength that in Henry Norman's "Peoples and

THE LURE OF RECENT MISSIONARY LITERATURE

Politics of the Far East,'" and in It is the fashion in many quarters Pumpelly's "Across America and to imagine that missions are not need- Asia," are well known, and have ed in Latin America because for cenbeen repeated by others. One may turies a certain form of Christianity be a cynic at home, and with reason has held sway over the people. "Latin sometimes criticize some pulpits be- America: Its Rise and Progress," by cause they fear the magnate at the Calderon, and "South America," by end of some pews, and color their sermons accordingly. One may in a James Bryce, are in no sense missupercilious way sneer at the seeming lack of personality 111 the mis- sionary volumes, but they throw a sionary candidate, who in a gentle flood of light on the whole question faith stands up in her or his church of the Latin American peoples. If to answer the call: 'Go ye into all with these volumes we read the rethe world and preach the Gospel to port of the "Conference on Missions every creature.' But follow the in Latin America," held in N ew York worker into the China field, and see city in March 12, 13, 1913, the conwhat that call and the altruistic op- viction will be forced on the mind of portunity has done by its very im- the reader that the only hope of mensity. The gentle missionary has Latin America is the development of soon become many things; a brave character based on the pure Gospel. pioneer in exile; a scholar and lin- This report presents a series of guist; an organizer of great power papers by experts, most of whom and tact; a local foreign minister have their information at first hand. of great ability in adapting the West to the East; a scientist; housekeeper, Minna G. Cowan, of Girton Coltraveler, physician, explorer, ethnolo- lege, India, in hel very attractive gist, nurse, orator; the only host of volume on "The Education of the explorers; the most generous of man- Women of India," presses home the kind; an ideal example of what the same great truth. After recounting that the new type of woman is mak- 'Vest should be; the most inspired ing herself felt in India and giving of human beings in self sacrifice numerOilS example:,: of good work and wonderful accomplishments un- done by non-Christian natives, such der difficulties. Their expenses are as a Mohammedan lady of social many; their resources few. Many standing at Bombay opening a school have to live on the slimmest of C011- for poor girls in her house, or an tributions from home, such as the orthodox Hindu lady advocating a missionaries of the China Inland special system of Hindu schools,. or Mission, the Scandinavian Mission, an Arya Samaj widow having a high and the Scottish Missions which are school for half-caste girls in her not rich. own house and numerous other ex- amples. she states her convictions as "Many, like the American ~nd En- follows: ~lish missionaries, receive fair help from home, but spend on their equip- "The problem is a question of charment, and educational and hospital acter, hut of character built upon buildings the money that was due to personal contact with the Christ-life themselves and their families as sal- in God-a question of environment aries. The highly cultureu, brave and curricula, but also of showing president of the N ankin~ University accepts only $1,500 as salary, whereas if he were in America, on a purely business basis he would be expected to demand $15,000 for the same services and expenses of his high position."

that Christianity is of the East, and the people to whom she had minis- Eastern in its spiritual appeal; a tered were loathe to have her go. question of womanhood, but also of One little girl clung to her and re- that more perfect fellowship where fused to give her up. Christ is all and in all. 'Jesus Christ, by the silent action .of a life- "My teacher kept telling her to go time laid the first emphasis on the back, but she kept saying: 'I don't . identity of woman's humanity rather want Hoa Kuniang to go.' Do you than on the difference of her sex, wonder that I think of that little thus both dignifying her and man in darling out there and weep because his attitude to her.' The solution I must go from these people. Home of India's social problem lies in the is very sweet, and I love my dear fulfilment of the Christian ideal, and ones at home, and I thank God that the progress toward it must be a I shall soon see their dear faces united one, in which both sexes share again in this world, but the little alike." girl clutching at that little red work- bag who 'didn't want Roa Kuniang In a delightful volume, "Indian to go' is very deep in my heart, and the race she represents is my 'heri- Medical Sketches," by Charlotte S. tage.' "

Vines, is a chapter on "Christmas As told by Miss Burton, the story Eve," which is the story of the trans- of Dr. Hu King Eng and of Mrs. Ahok, the Christian mistress in a formed Indian home. On Christmas home of wealth, not only is fascinat- Day the young wife goes with a ing but stimulating, leaving the im- present of fruit to the hospital and pression that these godly Chinese women are the forerunners of a race says, "This is fruit for all of you because it is THE GREAT DAY." of Christian women who are to be of untold blessing to the millions of "Do you know why it is our great their suffering and degraded sisters. , day, why we are all happy to-day? To which she replies, 'Yes. My The world knows of the work of husband called us together in the Hepburn of Japan. It is simply and evening and read out of your Holy Book.' Then from heathen lips I forcibly told in this last volume by hear the story, told in very simple Dr. Griffis. language, told as a child would tell it, the story which has changed the The lure of mission literature is world." ever presenting to us the "large sym- There is a lure in such a story. metrical Christian man."

A Cure for Pessimism Some Important Missionary Books Df the Year 4. Missionary volumes drive out "Essential Missionary Principles." Allen. Flemthe spirit of pessimism. ing II. Revell CD. $1.00.

I know of no better antidote to "Modern Call of MiS5ions." Dennis. Fleming H. Revell Co. $1.50. peSSimism than s,.1ch volumes as "Dawn in Darkest Africa." Harris. E. P. Dut- "New Thrills in Old China," by ton & CD. $3.50, C h a r lot teE. Hawes, "Notable "Winning Primitive People." Fraser. E. P. Dut- ton & CD. $1.50. Women of Modern China," by Mar- "Thinking Black." Crawford. Geo. Doran Co. garet E. Burton, and a very recent flJ.;~O~nd Manners of Modern China." Macvolume, "Hepburn of Japan," by Gowan. DDdd, Mead & Co. $3.50. William Elliot Griffis. HChina Revolutionized." Thompson. Bobbs, Mer- When -Miss Hawes was about to ..{~Un&AC;::;"'i~;;5~ts Rise and Progress." Calderleave China for her last furlough, son. Charles Scribners' Sons. $3,00. "South America." Bryce. Macmillan Co. $2.50. "Hepburn of Japan." Griffis.. Westminster Press.

$1.50.

A Twice-born "Turk"–Part

THE REMARKABLE REMINISCENCES OF A CONVERTED MOSLEM SHEIKH TRANSLATED BY ARTHUR T. UPSON, CAIRO, EGYPT Superintendent of the Nile Mission Press I iA]HMED' the narrator, of the Arab poets to bring a chapter continues: After a like unto it. 'For if all men and s h art time I saw Jinns met together to attempt to Salim looking for the bring the equal of this Koran they Sheikh. When we had should not be able to do it.' Oh, my found him we sat down son, beware of such Satanic sugges- under a tree and after the usual tions."

salutations Salim said to the Sheikh, My father then went on to warn "Will you please tell me how your me against allowing anything to inter- father answered you when you wrote fere with the belief that the words of to him the letter from El-Azhar?" the Koran have been engraved from A Moslem Father's Anxiety all eternity upon AI-Lauh al-Mahfuz Sheikh: A long time has elapsed (the Preserved Tablet).

and I can only tell you what I re- A Bold Reply-The Koran me,mber.* Not 20 days passed before After I had read my father's letter I received a reply from my father as I wrote to him something as follows: follows: "To my highly respected Father: "My darling son, May God Al- "You said that on reading my letter you were consumed with the fire of mighty preserve you from going zeal for the Islam religion. Instead astray in religion, and confirm you of burning with fire would it not in the Sunni creed of the Moslems. have been better to have brought· Amen. forth a few solid arguments to but- tress my faith which threatens to "My love to you is well known. fall. Then you say, 'I took refuge I read your letter and understood it. in God from the evils of Satan.' If From my zeal for the religion of my contention is right and my argu- Islam I took refuge in God from ments are sound, then will it not be the evils of Satan, who has been your remarks that are whispers of leading you astray, as appears from Satan, and will it not be you that your new thoughts about the Holy have gone astray? As for the Koran Book (the Koran), the best of all being the best heavenly book, there the heavenly scriptures, which has no is neither internal nor external evievil or vain discourse, but was sent dence for this statement. down by inspiration from the All "As to the contradictions contained Wise One, by means of which our illiterate prophet challenged the chief *Attention is again drawn to the fact that the in it, I have already written. As to 'our prophet challenging the eloquent Sheikh has added to his knowledge since that time, ;0 that in all these discussions his present account Arab poets,' if the Koran had difis fuller than his original letters.-TRANsLAToR.

fered from the composition of men written in a more eloquent Arabic then we would not find the com- style than those in the Koran!) panions of the Prophet holding con- trary opinions as to whether some "Then with regard to its tedious chapters were composed by man or repetition, see how the story of the were sent down by God, for instance, creation and the stories of Adam, the Fatiha (first chapter) and the Moses, Abraham, Noah, Jesus ana two amulets (last chapters). If the others are repeated many times over. Koran had been given by a miracle, then there would be no verses in it "In every age there are some wri- not conforming to the laws of elo- ters who excel their fellows. Suppose quence, of which your excellency has that Mohammed were the best of mentioned some instances. Again, if his age in one subject (prose) and it had been supreme, the Polytheists one language only (Arabic), is that a would not have been able to say of mark of divine inspiration? Was it as in Surat Furqan, 'And the un- Euclid inspired because he surpassed believers said, Verily this (the Kor- others i~ his "Elements of Geometry" ? an) is nothing but lies which he What of the claim of the Persian (Mohammed) has fabricated.' They Baha Allah's Arabic writings, which also called it in another place, 'Fables riyal the Koran? of the ancients.' "On the ground that all the elo- Is Koran Eloquence Finite or Infinite? quence and rhetoric of the Koran is lost by translation learned men have "Many of the Moslems themselves forbidden its translation into other also deny its surpassing eloquence, languages. But. if we suppose that and others disagree as to in what God sent the P~ophet to all men, respect it is inimitable. . . .' even to the Jinns and the angels, how is it forbidden to translate His Look "It is said that its beauty consists into the languages spoken by His in absolute absence of differences and followers? . . . contradictions in it, in spite of its length, and t{1eir evidence for that is Mohammed Wrought No Miracle a quotation from itself, 'If it had been sent by any other than God "Now you, my father, speak of his then they would have found in it miracles in the plural, from which we much contradiction.' This evidence should infer that you believe that he falls to the ground, since there are worked many miracles. This is from found in it some hundreds of verses the traditions, as, for instance, his which show very clearly that they feeding the multitudes, causing water are mutually contradictory. I have to spring from between his fingers, of . given you many examples in my first which there was sufficient for a whole letter showing that the contraventions army to do their ablutions, the split- in it are to be counted by hundreds ting of the moon, etc., so much so or even by thousands." . that EI-Halabi says that the miracles of Mohammed are beyond count. (The Sheikh goes on to give ex- Others have said that there were amples of contradictions and also 3,000 besides the Koran, while in the quotes an artificial Sura actually Koran itself there were from sixty to seventy thousand. There is a

A TWICE-BORN U TURK"

verse in the Koran which says that "He then asked them if their irlols when Mohammed was asked by the could hear them or benefit them, and idolaters to produce signs to prove they replied: his mission Ar-Razi and other 'Thus have we found our fore- commentators have replied, 'If the fathers doing!'

sending of miracles was a condition, "From this and other examples it then it was only nece.ssary to send appears that the greatest obstacle in one sign, that was the Koran itself, the path of anyone wishing to follow which makes all others unnecessary.' the truth revealed by any prophet has From this it appears that the claim always been the fear of showing his of miracles for the Prophet other forefathers to have been in the than the Koran is not established." wrong.

(He then quotes similar passages "But do you, sir, wi3h that I shuuid proving the Koran to be no miracle, be like these ignorant ones imitating and goes on to show that rhetoric my fathers in whatever creed they can never be esteemed equal to the may have held, whether truth or er- physical miracles wrought by the ror? God forbid. You are noted prophets.) among your friends for your hatred "The wise man looks at the ultimate of conventionality. . . .

end of things and does not too "I ask your fatherly kindness to hastily decide as to the truth of a pray for me that God alone may be religion which he has inherited from my guide in my search for truth.

his forefathers, however wise and As you have invited me to tell you educated they may have been. Nor everything in religious matters, I ex- should he be satisfied with merely plain to you now that I h;!ve divested external evidences, but should inves- myself of every religious convention, tigate for himself impartially, for, as the only thing remaining being belief the saying is, 'Truth is the child of in the existence of the Ultimate search.' Cause; for the proof of the existence Ancestral Fallibility of an All-wise Creator is practically "Do you hold that my forefathers axiomatic. I pray to Him a private were infallible, however intellectual prayer of worship and petition ask- they may have been? God forbid. ing Him to lead me in His own way They inherited their doctrines one of truth. I have now bought a Holy from another, and if the error of any Bible, which is a collection of the doctrine appeared to anyone of them books of the Prophets, and bave he would not go back from it for commenced to read it secretly by fear of loss of standing among his night after doing my studies by day.

fellows. This we know from ex- I have also acql.lired one or two books perience, altho the imitation of one's such as 'Al-Milalwan-Nihal' (Re- progenitors in the matter of religion ligious Sects).

is blamed in the 'Koran in a number "In conclusion, I beg your merciful of passages. The idolaters blamed excuses for all that I have written to Abraham when he asked them: you, my only object being the searcll ~What do you worship?' after truth. May God preserve you 'Idols,' they said. to us. Amen."

Selim: You made the argument of all men, that He may make your stronger in the second letter than in faith perfect." the first, and I admit you have proved everything clearly. Corruption of the Scriptures Sheikh: My father was practically I answered my father thus: convinced of the non-miraculous "My respected Father: After kiSScharacter of the Koran and the ab- ing your noble hands I would like to sence of any miracle attributed to say that I have received your letter Mohammed, but he took refuge in and have carefully read it and found the charge of corruption of the if incumbent upon me to answer you. Scriptures. "As for your objection to my reac:- ing the Scriptures because you think The Father'. Reply that the Jews and Christians have altered them, this i.3 a charge which After 20 days another letter came can not be substantiated either canonito me from my father to this effect: cally or intellectually. Having regard, however, to the numbers of verses in "My son, I was glad to receive the Koran which mention the Tonrat your letter and to find so much clear (Law) and the Injil (Gospel) I debating and strong proof of what make the Koran the arbitrator, unyou hold about miracles and the Kor- dertaking to abide by its decision, you an, but I was grieved to learn that also agreeing to the same. I have you have divested yourself of all re- extracted from the Koran, after two ligion, halding only tpe existence of nights' reading, certain verses refer- God, which is not sufficient for the ring to the Jews' corruption of the salvation of the soul from everlast- Scriptures. ing perdition. I join with you in your private prayer asking Him to Do yoU wish that they should believe in guide you to the right way. As for you while a party of them were hearing the your remark that you are giving your- Word of God and corrupting it? (Cow: self to reading the Bible secretly, do not waste any time reading it, es- 75.) pecially as your time is valuable, for I know that the stories of the proph- "Among the Jews are those who displace ets collected in it have been talll- (Tahrif) the words." (Woman: 45.) See pered with by' the Jews and Chris- also Table: 14, 44. tians. They have altered and substituted, added to and taken fro111 it, "Now Razi says that the alteration altering both word and meaning. Not of the text of the Tourat and the that I say that everything in it has InjU is not held by the theologians, been abrogated, but I warn you for these two books had become so against the false doctrines in" that well known and the chain of tradition book. If anyone else discovers so strong, that it would be very diffiwhat you are doing it will lead to cult to do so, but they (the Jews j your ruin. In any case, I ask you were giving a false interpretation of to keep me acquainted with all your the meaning. Bukhari and others doings. There is no refuge but in have agreed with him. plenty of prayer to Him among the fingers of whose hands are the hearts "Now Tahrif may be held to mean either the alteration of the text, or of the meaning. If we look impar- tially into the above verses, and re- member that the Tourat and the Injil

9 1 4] A TWICE-BORN "TURK"

had been circulated in all parts of man to be Pharaoh's Prime Minister, the world in various languages at the and Pharaoh to be the builder of the time of our prophet, not forgetting Tower of Babel, etc. If we ask any the care of the Jews for their book in one which of the two books is wrong, counting its letters and its very points we at once say that the 'Koran claims many times; then if we also look at to have been sent to confirm the the enmity between the Jews and the Bible which came before it. It,. how.; Christians, we see the impossibility ever, disagrees with it in many of of a mutual agreement to corrupt the the stories by adding to or taking books of their religions. from them, and contradicts many of the judgments, etc. "Look also at the numerous verses in the Koran which say that it came (3) I have found in the Bible to confirm the previous Scriptures many wonderful bits of wisdom, eswhich were with the Jews and the pecially the Books of Proverbs and Christians, describing them as 'right Ecclesiastes and in the New Testaguidance,' etc., Mohammed himself ment, which bear a good deal of rebeing told to ask the people of the semblance to the Mohammedan tradi- Scriptures when he had any doubts tions, so that anyone might think about anything. Then God promised the latter had been quoted from the to preserve the Dhikr (His book) former. I have started to collect tofrom alteration and corruption. vVe gether the chief resemblances. therefore find that he who holds the corruption of the revealed Scriptures Selim: But what led you to speak is opposed to all reason and denies to him so boldly? the Koran and him who brought it. Think of that!· There is no need Sheikh: My friend, at that time I for me to enlarge upon it. May God felt a strong impulse urging me to preserve you. Amen." take any risk in order to find the true religion. I was like a man who Koran Quotations From the Bible had lost everything that was of worth in this world, but who had a strong Not many day~ passed before I fol- hope of being able to discover truth lowed up this letter with another giv- so that nothing should be able to ing what the Scriptures had revealed ultimately hide it from him. Thereto me of things which I had not pre- fore I was not afraid of anything viously thought of. Some' of them that my father might do, for I had remain in my memory. made a compiete sacrifice of every object other than that of finding the (I) That the verses in the Koran truth. which mention the creation of the heavens and the earth, sun and moon, This was, however, nothing cometc., etc., have, in most cases, been pared with what happened to me in quoted from the Holy Bible. Dumyat (Damietta, Egypt) and whal also happened to me in Tripoli, Beirut (2) By comparing the Bible and and Damascus. My father used to the Koran I have found certain his- say about me, "This boy is bold in torical mistakes in the latter, such as speech and will find that his tongue m;:tking Mary, the mother of Jesus, will get him into trouble." to be the daughter of Amran and· the sister of Aaron, and stating Ha- ( To be continued.)

BY REV. HENRY OTIS DWIGHT, LL.D., NEW YORK Recording Secretary of the American Bible Society.

~I N spite of the fact that scattered by a colporteur. Rev. Mr. there are to-day more Rosensky, pastor of St. Paul's Bibles and portions Polish Methodist Church in Milwau- published each year kee, writes: "This church is the than there were in ex- child of the American Bible Society.

istence two hundred It began this year to contribute to years ago, there is yearly an increase that society and will continue to do in the demand for the Scriptures. so as long as its 'mother' lives."

The American Bible Society has nine Another instance is cited by Mr. Top- agencies in the United States and ping, a Baptist missionary in Japan, twelve in foreign lands, and the who describes the way in which a British and Foreign, Scotch and other colporteur lays the foundation of new societies are also doing vigorous and churches in neglected districts. He efficient work. The demand for asks, "Shall I call these Bible So- Bibles is especially impressive m ciety churches?"

China. Both the American and the The total issues of the American British and Foreign Societies report a Bible Society at home and abroad sudden and extraordinary increase in last year were 4,049,610 Scriptures circulation, and last year each of and portions in 84 limguages. These these two societies issued over are distributed by 428 workers in the 220,000 volumes more than the pre- United States and 8ro in foreign vious year. This demand shows it- lands-a total of 1,238 persons, of self among the rich and the official whom 990 are regular colporteurs.

classes as well as among the poor The aggregate issues of all the laboring classes. In the field of the Bible societies in the world which Levant Agency of the American So- print the Scriptures, so far as is ciety, which includes the territories known, amounted in 1912 to 15,- involved in the war between Turkey 902,396 volumes. It is somewhat sur- and Italy, and the disastrous war be- prizing to note that of this aggregate tween Turkey and the Balkan States, 14,309,157 volumes were printed by the number of copies put in circu- the three great Anglo-Saxon socie- lation was nearly 35,000 more than ties. The issues of the British and the number reported the previous Foreign Bible Society were 7,899,502 year. volumes; those of the National Dible Every year brings new testimony Society of Scotland, 2,359,985 voi- of the power of the Bible to grip urnes, and those of the American the hearts of men of every race. Bible Society, as mentioned above, trace their 'origin' to the Scriptures 4,o49,6ro v 0 I u me s-I,444,oo(l of trace their origin to the Scriptures which were in English.

OF BEST

CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK Author of "Love Stories of Great Missionaries, n "Adventures With Four-Footed Folks," "Holding the Ropes," etc.

PRACTICAL PLANS FOR THE YEAR New Belrinnings for Mi.sions it was a wide-spread custom to set apart the first Monday in the year EW YEAR'S DAY (in some localities the first Sundayj as a day of fasting and prayer for fNl ~hroug~out the vvorld the conversion of the world. Much 15 a time of new be- of the success of missions in those ginnings. In the Oc- early days of difficult and dangerous cident the idea of pioneering was directly traceable to turning over a new these and other stated periods of inleaf and beginning with a clean tercession. Many of the remarkable sheet is largely a matter of senti- revivals in Fidelia Fiske's school in ment. In the Olient it is a stern Urumia began on or soon after the necessity, enforced by law and re- first Monday in January, when Mary ligion. Only those who settle their Lyon and her girls at Monnt Holyoke accounts with the gods and pay theIr were on their knees praying for the debts to their fellow men dare face little seminary in Persia. In other the new year with peace and enter parts of the mission field also it was upon its festivities with joy. found that times of refreshing began simultaneously jVith the day of in- Quaint old Thomas Fuller was in- tercession at the dawn of the year. clined to censure those who waited to begin their amendment on the first Beginning with 1858 an entire day of the year. "I see no day equal week at the beginning of the year to to-day; the instant time is the wa~ set apart for prayer for missions. fittest time," was his wise and true This was in response to the call, iscontention. Yet no one can afford sued by the Ludhiana Mission of to let the New Year pass without the American Presbyterian Church some effort toward betterment. in the autumn following the awful Indian Mutiny, to "all God's people This is true of missionary socie- of every name and nation" to unite ties as well as individuals. No or- in an annual week of prayer for the ganization is wise that fails at New conversion of the world. The plan Year's time to look carefully over met with immediate response and its record for the past year and to was widely adopted with beneficent introduce new features that will tend results. But by and by tlK Church toward better results in the future. at home became selfish and spent so much of the week in praying for Beginning the Year with Prayer herself, that she lost sight of the missionary motive. Two days of the In the old days it was the practise of the Church to devote much time at the beginning of the year to prayer for missions. For many years

week of prayer are still reserved for and the birth of Livingstone in 1913, prayer for missions, one for home, and the jubilee of VI/oman's Societies the other for foreign, but very few in 1910 and 19I1, have each con- churches make use of the topics as- tributed to the rising tide of mission- signed. ary enthusiasm, and the Judson cen- This is a custom-the setting apart tennial, now in progress, promises to of time at the beginning of the year carry it still higher. The Layman's for definite prayer for missions-that Missionary Movement, born at the needs reviving. What will you and Haystack Centenary, and the post- your church do about it? jubilee campaigns of the Woman's Missionary Anniversaries of 1914 Societies have enlisted thousands of Keeping anniversaries is one of the men and women who hitherto cared best ways to arouse interest in any little or nothing for missions.

cause or person and conserve the in- No missionary society can afford fluence thereof. Secular educators to lose the impetus that comes from understand this and have made great joining in the celebration of anniver- use of it in colleges and schools. The saries such as these, no matter in Church, too, is beginning to realize what denomination they occur. They the value of it. are the common property of the Much of the present advance in whole church and in the keeping of missions is due to the jubilees and them there is great reward. The cen- centenaries that have followed closely tenary of the American Baptist Mis- one upon another during recent years. sionary Society occurs on May 18, The wide publicity given to missions and every society, Baptist or other- on these occasions through pulpit and wise, should devote at least one meet- press has molded public opinion and ing to the story of Adoniram and raised missions to a higher plane; Ann Judson and the peculiar provi- and the recital of the heroic d~eds dences of God that led to the estab- of the early pioneers has begotten a lishment of the Burman mission and new spirit of enthusiasm and devo- the organizatio)1 of the second great tion throughout the whole Church. missionary society in America.

The centenaries of Carey and the Nor should the lesser anniversaries Baptist Missionary Society in 1892, of the year be forgotten, even tho the London Missionary Society in an entire program can not be de- 1896, and the Church Missionary So- voted to them. In the keeping of ciety in 1899 with their great meet- them, as of the more important onc'5, ings and fine output of literature there are great possibilities of brought the 19th century to a fitting kindling fires of interest and enthusi- close and prepared the way for the asm and planting missionary pur- great missionary revival now ill prog- poses in human hearts. The Mora- ress. In the new century the cen- vians understand this and through- tenaries of the Haystack meeting in out their wonderful history it has 1906, the American Board in 1910, been a great source of spiritual the sailing of the first American mis- power. In July, 1876, while the sionaries to India in 1912, the Wes- United States was rejoicing over its leyan Methodist Missionary Society lOoth birthday, the Moravians at

OF BEST METHODS

Paramaribo were celebrating the cen- January tenary of an event, insignificant in the eyes of the world, but great in I, IBS4-New Year's Prayer-meeting, at the sight of God and the hrethren-·- the lOath anniversary of the bap- Ongole, India, 60th Anniversary. See tism of the first negro convert in the mission in Surinam. "It was charac- MISSIONARY REVIEW, January, 1911, page4S. teristic of the Moravian habit of ranking spiritual interests before all I, IB74-0nening of the First Hospital for others that this event should be commemorated by a centenary observ- Women in the Orient by Doctor Clara ance," says Dr. Thompson in "Moravian Missions." "The church at SwaiTJ, at Bareilly, India, 40th Anniver- Paramaribo, which seats 2,400 persons, was decorated with palm sary. See "Western Women in Eastern branches and garlands of flowers and was thronged with worshipers at Lands," by Mrs. Montgomery. each of the three services that were held commemorating the event. The 31, 1834-Completion of Judson's Bible, Te Deuln was sung in Negro-English; the document recording the 80th Anniversary. See "Life of Adonibaptism-nearly destroyed by action of the climate-was brought out and ram Judson," by Edward Judson. read; and the occasion closed by the Brethren entering anew into a coven- February ant to maintain mutual love and love to the Savior upon that opening of II, 1889-Granting of Religious Liberty in a new century of Christian labor." Japan, 25th Anniversary. See "History In 1909 the MISSIONARY REVIEW published each month a calendar of of Missions in Japan," by Otis Cary. important missionary events occurring during the month with suggestions 22, IBI4-Charles Rhenius sailed for India, and material for celebrating one event each month. These could be used looth Anniversary. See "Men of Might with advantage by any missionary organization during the coming year. in India's Missions," by Holcomb. The following list of special anniversaries occurring during 1914 is March herewith given in the hope that many Sunday-schools and societies will I, IB54-Hudson Taylor landed in China, commemorate them, if not by a pro- 60th Anniversary. See MISSIONAR~ REgram, at least by some mention in the way of a story, a motto, a Scrip- VIEW, September, I90S, page 656. ture lesson, a prayer, or something appropriate to the occasion that will II, 'rB89-0pening of the Sharada Sadan, impress it on the mind: Ramabai's Home for Hindu Widows.

See MISSIONARY REVIEW, April, 1904.

21, 1844-Birth of George Leslie Mackay, 70th Anniversary. See "From Far For- mosa," by G. L. Mackay.

2B,IB49-Martyrdom of Christians in Madagascar, 65th Anniversary. See MIS- SIONARY REVIEW, March, 1909.

2B, IB74-0pening of the Martyr Memorial Church in Madagascar, 40th Anniversary.

See same as above.

29, 1739 (Easter Sunday)-Baptism of Ka- jarnar, First Moravian Convert in Green- land, I7Sth Anniversary. See MISSIONARY REVIEW, March, 1910.

April B, 17B4-Birth of Gordon Hall, I30th Anni- versary. See "Men of Might in India's Missions," by Holcomb.

IB, IB74-Burial of Livingstone in West- minster Abbey, 40th Anniversary. See MISSIONARY REVIEW, April, 1909, or any Life of Livingstone. .

28, IB34-Jason Lee Began Work in Ore- gon, Both Anniversary. See "Missionary History of the Pacific Northwest."

May IB, 1814-Founding of the American Baptist Missionary Society, Iooth Anniversary.

See "History of Baptist Missions," by Merriam.

IB, 1834-Birth of Sheldon Jackson, 80th Anniversary. See "Life of Sheldon Jack- son," by Stewart or Faris.

June 8, 1824-Judson Seized at Ava, 90th Anni- versary. See "Life of Judson," by Ed- ward Judson.

9, IB34-Death of William Carey, 80th An- niversary; See "Modern Heroes of the Mission Field," by Walsh or any Life of Carey.

II, 1744-0rdination of David Brainerd.

170th Anniversary. See "Life of Brain- erd," by Sherwood.

28, I834-Martyrdom of Lyman and Mun- Map Trips Around the World son in Sumatra, 80th Anniversary. See "Encyclopedia of Missions." Maps are an important adjunct to missions. It was teaching geography 28, I794-Birth of Allen Gardiner, I20th by means of maps in his little school Anniversary. See "pioneers and Found- at Moulton that turned Carey's ers," by Miss Yonge. thoughts to missions and studying geography at school in N ew York .!9, I864-Consecration of Samuel Crow- city sent Eliza Agnew to Ceylon. Our ther, the First Black Bishop of Modern Lord taught that "The field is the Times, in Canterbury Cathedral, 50th An- world," and while pastor of Brown Iliversary. See "Life of Samuel Crow- Memorial Church in Baltimore, Dr. cher," by Page. John Timothy Stone, the present Moderator of the Presbyterian Genjuly eral Assembly, kept a large globe .standing on his pulpit as a silent re- 18, I864-Neesima Sailed for America, 50th minder of this truth. Anniversary. See "Life of Neesima," by Maps have great power to focus Davis. attention and inspire interest, as 26, I864-Death of Fidelia Fiske, 50th An- every worker, especially among chil- dren, well knows. At the Schenec- niversary. See MISSIONARY REVIEW, May, tady County Sunday-school COilFen- rgo9· tion last October, Dr. W. J. Swart, a 28, I764-Birth of Samuel Marsden, Isoth medical missionary from Siam, told Anniversary. See "Pioneers and Found- of holding the attention of a group ers," by Miss Yonge. of boys for several hours one even- ing in a home where he was staying, August by pointing out on a map of the 1, I834-Death of Rotrert Morrison, 80th wotld the places he had passed through while en route from Siam Anniversary. See "Modern Heroes of and telling them stories about them. the Mission Field," by Walsh. The boys were so fascinated it was hard to get them to bed. 1, 1834-Emancipation Began to Take Ef- fect in the British West Indies, 80th An- At Silver Bay last July, Miss niversary. See "New Acts of the Apos- Susan C. Lodge, of Lansdowne, Fa.• tles," by Pierson. president of the Philadelphia Branch of the 'Noman's Foreign Missionary 14, I3I4-Lull Crossed to Bulgia, There to Society of the Methodist Episcopal Meet Death as a Martyr, 600th Anniver- Church, told of a map trip around sary. See "Life of Raymond Lull," by the world that had aroused great in- Zwemer. terest in her Sunday-school. Mr. W. G. Landis, superintendent of the 22, 1864-Completion of the Arabic Bible. school and secretary of the Pennsyl- soth Anniversary. See "Fifty-three Years vania' State Sunday-school Associa- in Syria," by Jessup. tion, having been appointed a mern· ber of the commission to the Orient September in connection with the World's Sun- 22. I884-Horace N. Allen, First Resident Missionary Arrived in Korea. 30th Anni- versary. See "Korea, the Hermit King- dom," by Griffis.

October 26. I834-Arrival in Canton of Peter Par- ker. First Medical Missionary to China. 80th Anniversarv. See "The Uplift of China." by Smith.

November First Sabbath, r864-Baptism of the First Jaoanese Convert, 50th Anniversary. See "History of Japanese Missions," by Cary, Vol. 2, page 56.

20, r839-Martyrdom of Tohn Williams, 7.-th Anniversarv. See "Modern Heroes of the Mission Field." by Walsh.

December -, r82d-Kapiolani Defied the Fire-gods of the Crater of Kilauea. 90th Anniversary. See "Transformation of Hawaii," by Brain.

5, 1834-Titus Coan S8iled for Hawaii, 80th Anniversary. See "Encyclopedia of Mis- sions."

25. r8r4-Samuel Marsden Preached his First Sermon to the. Maori Cannibals and Started the New Zealand Mission, loath Anniversary. See "Modern Heroes of the Mission Field," by Walsh.

day-~chool Convention at Zurich last Missions," one inch and a half summer, the school obtained a copy of his itinerary and followed him square, may be obtained from the around the world by means of a large map hanging in the Sunday- Woman's Board of the Northwest, school room. Each of Mr. Landis' stopping-places was marked by a Presbyterian, Room 48, 509 Wabash small flag and a short talk given about the people he was seeing and Avenue, Chicago, Ill., for 25 cents.) mission work among them. The itinerary for such a trip This is an excellent plan that could be used to advantage, not only in should start with the United States the Sunday-school but in the Young People's Society also, during the Sun- (if the school is located there) and days of an entire year or a portion of it. It need not occupy more than should include both home and foreign five minutes a Sunday and the information gained and the interest TI11SSlOns. At each stopping-place aroused would more than justify the expenditure of time. Very few something should be told about the schools are fortunate enough to have a 'superintendent on a tour around mlsslOnary. Usually a short story, a the world, but an imaginary itinerary can be planned by the missionary quotation, a favorite hymn or Bible committee; or, as Miss Lodge suggesteq, the itinerary of Mrs. Mont- text will make a deeper and more gomery and Mrs. Peabody or Dr. Samuel B. Capen or some other lasting impression than an extended prominent person or persons could be used. biography. The following list of An adaptation of this plan might great missionaries covers most of the also be used to teach the names and stations of 52 great missionaries, one mission fields and all of the leading a week during the year, the idea being to make a map-trip around the denominations. Other names may be world visiting places made famous by their work. The requisites for this substituted, and denominational misplan are a large map of the world, a list of the missionaries, and 52 flags sionaries may be used entirely if deor knots of ribbon to be fastened to the map at the various stopping- sired. There is no better way than places. Small pictures of the missionaries may also be used to ad- this to teach the names and stations vantage if the map is large enough. (Portraits of the 50 missionaries in- of the -missionaries working unde! cluded in the game, "Who's Who in one's own board, tho the trip can not be made quite so attractive with these on account of the difficulty of ob- taining interesting material: United States-John Eliot, David Brainerd, David Zeisberger, Marcus Whitman.

Canada-James Evans, Egerton Young. Labrador-Wilfred T. Grenfell. Alaska-William Duncan, Sheldon Jackson. Mexico-Melinda Rankin, William Butler. South America-Allen Gardiner. Hawaii-Titus Coan. Japan-James Hepbnrt1. Guido Verbeck, Joseph Hardy Neesima. Formosa-George Leslie Mackay. Korea-Henry Appenzeller. China-Robert Morrison. Peter Parker, Hudson Taylor. Tohn Kenneth Mackenzie, Joseph Schereschewsky. Mongolia-James Gilm'mr. Burma-Adoniram Juoson. India-Bartholomew Ziegenbalg, Christian Frederick Schwartz, William Carey, Alexander Duff, James Thoburn, John Everett Clough, Pandita Ramahai. Cevlon-John Scudder (also worked in In- dia), Eliza Ag-new. Persia–Henry Martyn (also worked in In- dia), Fideli'l Fiske. Arabia-Ion Keith-Falconer.

Turkey-Cyrus Hamlin, William Goodell. as good for grown-ups as for chil- Syria-Cornelius Van Dyck, Henry H. Jes- dren, perhaps even better. Such a map hanging in the prayer-meeting sup. room of the church would be an in- Africa-Theodosius Vanderkemp, Robert spiration to the congregation and will have great educational value, especial- Moffat, John Ludwig Krapf, David Liv- ly if the ll,1arking of the stations in ingstone, Samuel Crowther, Alexander the various fields forms one feature Mackay, James Hannington. of the programs of the monthly mis- New Zealand-Samuel Marsden, George sionary meetings of the church. Augustus Selwyn. South Seas-John Williams, John Coleridge Our Own Mission Fields Patteson. New Guinea-James Chalmers. "The Missionary Survey" for No- Fiji Islands-James Calvert. vember, 1913, prints the following bit New Hebrides-John G. Paton. Greenland-Hans Egede. of rime contributed by Mrs. J. M.

Information about these mISSIOn- Williams, of Wesson, Miss., who has found it helpful in teaching the aries may be found in biographies, juniors the mission fields of the Southern Presbyterian Church-their the Encyclopedia of Missions, and own denomination. Tho they can not use it as it stands, workers in files of the MISSIONARY REVIEW. other denominations will filld !t sug- gestive: "Fifty Missionary Heroes Every Boy A is for Africa, dark as the night; and Girl Should Know," by Julia H. B for Brazil, still groping for light; C is for China, a land far away; Johnston (Revell, $1.00), and "Who's C also for Cuba-it waits for the day; Who in Missions," a card game ] for Japan-some day Christ will win; K for Korea, weary of sin; (Sunday-school Times Company, 50 M is for Mexico-great is its need; cents), will be found very helpful. o workers, go hasten to scatter the seed!

Still another adaptation of the map- Bulletin-Boards trip idea (one that was used with Is there a missionary bulletingreat success by the writer some board hanging in your church-vesti- bule? I f not, it would be a good years ago in a mission band of girls plan to put up one and begin its use on the first Sunday in the year. If from eight to sixteen). is to take a you can't get the board in time, begin by tacking bulletins to the wall with map-trip around the world for the thumb-tacks, and procure the board· as soon as possible thereafter. purpose of visiting the various fields in which one's denominational mission ·Wherever the bulletin-board has had a fair trial, it has proved an efboard is working. A large map of fective way of advertising missions. Hung in a conspicuous place in the the world is necessary for this, pref- vestibule, few persons who attend the church services will lail to stop, erably one that is put out by the for a moment if not longer, on the way in or out, to see what is on it. denominational board and has the stations marked on it. A brief stop should be made at each station; its location marked by a tiny flag, a bow of bright ribbon or merely the bright, brass head of a paper fastener; and some brief item of interest should be given about the work.

At the end of a year in which this plan has been followed, it will be found that the map has acquired a new value, for it will be possible to tell at a glance just where the board is at work, and how many stations it has in each field. The plan is quite

OF BEST METHODS S7

The board itself can be made of than the customary printed lists of inexpensive wood, stained' to match new books.

the woodwork or covered with burlap 3. Clippings from the daily papers in harmonicus tint, and finished with having a bearing on missions. In a narrow molding and hangers of "Missionary Methods for Sunday- some sort. I f there is some one in school Workers" (StJpday-school the congregation who can make it Times Company, 50 cents), Mr. Trull (preferably a boy who has had a gives some very clever suggestions course in manual training and whose for making these news items more interest can be enlisted thereby) the effective.

cost will be almost nothing. 4. Lists of questions on the con- If the committee put in charge is tents of some missionary magazine, wide awake and fully alive to the such as "The Clues to the Contents"

possibilities of the bulletin-board it printed each month in the JlvhSSJON- can be made a great power. Every ARY REVIEW; week should find something new on 5. Effective charts or small maps it-something radically different from the week before. There is such an colored or shaded to bring out cerabundance of material available and tain striking facts. These may be so many clever ways of putting it, found in almost all the mission study that there~ will be no trouble about books.

6. Quotations from great mission- securing variety. Here is a list of aries and testimonies to the value of things that may be posted on it: missions from great travelers and statesmen. I. Announcements of forthcoming meetings, in the form of attractive 7. Portraits of great missionaries posters, if possible. These should and striking pictures of scenes and have the right of way. It was while events in missionary lands, such as stopping for a moment to read the announcemep.t of a missionary mcet- "The Burning of the Opium Pipes ing posted on a bridge at the little in China," printed in the "Literary town of vVarrington, England, that Digest"; "Six Thousand New Testa- ments for Distribution among the Robert Moffat heard God's call. Police of Tokyo" (piled up in the 2. The outside paper cover of the form of a large cross) in the "Rec- latest book added to the missionary ord of Christian Work," November, library. This is the best way to ad- 1913, page 756; and "Contrasts in vertise new books. In the Public Womanhood in India," MrssIONARY Library of Schenectady, New York, REVIEW, April, 1913. Portraits of whence this suggestion came, it has missionaries and quotations printed long been the custom to pin the in suitable size for bulletin-boards paper covers of new books to a large may be obtained from the Missionary burlap-covered screen standing in the Education Movement, 156 Fifth center of the entrance hall. Almost Avenue, New York.

everyone stops to examine them, 8. Anniversaries of great events in and many 'go in at once to ask for missionary history presented in some the books. Mr. Glenn, the librarian, novel and attractive form.

regards it as much more effective 9. N otiees of articles of a mission-

ary character found in secular maga- obeying our Lord's command to pray zines or papers, and chapters of es- for laborers that should not be omitpecial interest in missionary books. ted. That this day, so sacredly ob- served in days gone by, is still ob- 10. Late neWs from the mission served in a majority of colleges, is field, clipt from missionary maga- a matter for rej oicing ; that it has lost zines, accompanied by pictures, if so much of its early significance and possible. power, is a cause for sorrow.

WILL ACT AS BEST MAN AT THE In one of the older Eastern col- WILSON WEDDING leges that has an enviable record for the number of ministers and mis- DR. W. T. GRENFELL. sionaries that in its early days were Special Dispatch to Commercial Tribune. trained within its walls, the number of those who enter the sacred calling NEW YORK, Oct. .3I.-Dr. Wilfred T. for either pastoral or missionary ser- Grenfell, medical miSSIOnary to the fisher- vice is now quite small. An elect men of Newfoundland and Labrador, has lady whose father waS for more than arrived here. He will act as best man at 40· years pastor of what was rethe wedding of Miss Jessie Wilson, daugh- garded as the college church, and ter of President Wilson, to his friend, who has herself been in close touch Francis B. Sayre, at the Nhite House next with the college during a large part month. Dr. Grenfell has known President of its history, was asked if she Wilson's prospective son-in-law for many could give any reason for the falling years. Mr. Sayre was secretary to the mis- off. Without a moment's hesitation, sionary in Labrador and has also con- she replied: "It is due almost entributed largely to the mission fund. tirely to the fact that we no longer observe the Day of Prayer for Col- The Day of Prayer for Colleges leges as we used to do. There used to be long seasons of pr.ayer in the January 22, the day of prayer for college chapel and aU-day meetings colleges, affords an opportunity for for fasting and prayer in almost all the churches. We asked God to raise up ministers and missionaries among the students and He did it."

In view of the great need oi laborers, not only on the mission field, but in the homeland where there are so many pastorless churches, mis- sion~ry organizations of all kinds would do well to keep the day, if not in special session, at least by appoint- ing a prayer-hour to be kept by the members in private at home.

"Ye have not because ye ask not.·' EDITORIALS MISSIONARY PUBLICITY Asia. This directory may be ob- MODERN inventions and modern tained free of cost to travelers in methods are being more and the East by writing to one of the more harnessed to the chariot of Missionary Boards. The small vol- God in the interests of missionary ume contains much of real interest progress. Formerly a few interested and value to every traveler and gives friends met at the wharf to say fare- besides a list of the various mission- well to one or two devoted souls ary agencies and activities in the who with "their lives in their hands principal cities of Asia and Egypt. and their hearts in their throats" :his publicity will no doubt greatly went valiantly forth into the lands 1l1crease the demands upon mission- of darkness and death. To-day aries but it should also help forward there are farewell receptions, dinners the work they are doing. and conferences where hundreds say God-speed to parties of from twenty The missionary light is not "hid to one hundred out-going mission- under a bushel" and the things that aries. Then long, weary, lonely these men and women are doing are journeys, full of danger and discom- not done so much "in a corner" as fort marked the pathway of those they were 50 years ago. To-day who were going out "to prepare the way of the Lord." Recently a everyone may know, if he will, of special car was chartered to carry missionaries from Chicago to San the real character and value of Francisco and on one Pacific Mail the missionary's service to mankind. S. S. company's vessel there were Their manner of life, the character fifty-seven missionaries-one-fourth and results of their work, the nature of the first cabin passengers-outward of the native Christians and the ex- botlnd for the Orient; and no one tent of Christian missionary influence suggested that their presence brought are manifest. Results in political, so- ill-luck to the steamer! The Presby- cial, intellectual and physical as well terian Board alone sent out nearly as in religious life show the power of Chri:;t. To-day he who runs may read and he who reads may run and tell the news to others.

roo new and returning missionaries last year and over 40 have g'One out THE LOUIS MEYER FUND under the Christian and Missionary I Alliance-an undenominational so- T is contrary to our rules to pub- lish appeals for individuals how- ciety only 25 years old. These num- bers as well as the high quality of ever deserving and needy they may the men and women going out have be. We cannot refrain, however, of COurse attracted considerable atten- from calling attention to the fund for tion on land and on the sea. the family of our late esteemed co- Another modern advance in the in- editor, Dr. Louis Meyer. His de- terest of publicity has been the plac- voted and self-sacrificing life may ing of missionary libraries on board lead many of God's stewards, and of steamships bound for the Orient. others blest by his ministries, to help Now a new step has been taken in supply the pressing needs of the the publication of a "Tourist Direc- yidow and orphans. It is through tory of Christian Work in the Chief human channels that the Heavenly Cities of the Far East, India and Father cares for His suffering chil- Egypt." This is an excellent idea dren. Friends may correspond with and leaves the traveler no excuse Mrs. C. T. Rounds, treasurer of the for ignorance of the amount and fund, 1425 Solon Place, Chicago, character of missionary work in Illinois. TOPICS FOR 1914 July- The Islands of the Sea and – MANY readers of the REVIEW de- Australasia. sire a list of monthly topics Arctic Missions, Alaska, Lab- rador, etc. that will help them in their programs Sunday-school Missions. for meetings during the year. Some excellent suggestions in this line will Augl1st- be found in OJ,l.r Department of Best Papal Europe. Methods this month. The news of Roman Catholicism. the Kingdom is so varied and chang- ing, and the March of Events so Immigrants in America. rapid that we can not predict the Bible Distribution. leading topics that will be treated each month. It is our plan, however, September- to cover the world field during the Japan, Korea, Formosa. year and to give prominence month Shinto. by month to the various mission Medical Missions. fields, the religions and the methods Young People's Societies. and problems of missionary work .at The American Indians. home and abroad. As a general guide to these topics we publish the October- following monthly tOpics: Moslem Lands. Islam. January- Laymen's Missionary Nork. The World Wide Survey. Christian Literature. A Review of the Year. The Church at Home. November- Literature of Missions. South America. Frontier Missions m Amenca. February- Voman's Vork. The Chinese Republic. The Mormons. Tibet, Mongolia, Manchuria. Confucianism and Taoism. December- Orientals in America. Russia and Greece. Greek, Armenian and other March- Mexico, Central America, Oriental Churches. Vest Indies. The Jews and Judaism. City Missions and Social Ser- Missionary Finance. vice. This list of topics may also serve The Anti-Vice Crusade. to suggest the date for articles sub- Unoccupied Fields. mitted to the REVIEW for publication. Ve welcome all such contributions April- and will give them as prompt atten- India, Burma, Ceylon. tion as possible, returning those un- used and paying ·for those accepted. Hindustan, Jainism, etc. Articles fo!' publication should reach the Editor not less than two months Educational Missions. in advance of the desired date of May- pu blicatiol1. Siam, Laos, Malaysia. The types of articles most desired Buddhism. Missions to Lepers: are those that show signs of mission- Philanthropic Agencies, Re- ary progress, new and successful lief Work. methods of work, special needs and problems, life stories of missionaries June-· and native Christians, practical me- Africa and Madagascar. thods of arousing and interesting the Fetishism and Animism. churches at home, inspiring incidents Neg-roes in America. Industrial Missions. and examples, and the true character of non-Christian religions as re- vealed in their literature, religious customs and practical results.

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MISSIONARY NEWS Interdenominational Cooperation there will be given a favorable response. In this connection, mention ONE of the most pleasing features should be made of the joint action which is being carried on at the train- . of foreign missionary enterprise ing college for Indian Christian women in Calcutta, where lady work- 1ll recent years is the growing interde- ers, quite irrespective of ecclesiastical differences, are working most happily nominational cooperation, and that together."

~ithou~ 0e sacrifice of any distinc- tive princIples. The Christian World of London, speaking moofstthries cemnat t tienr~ says: "One of the stances of this sensible and economical What a Dollar Will Do rapprochement appears in the decision LITTLE Allen was keenly inter- of the Wesleyan Missionary Society ested in the experience of a rela- to unite with the Baptists in the theo- tive of the family who had been lo~ical classes of the Calabar College, fifteen years in India. He wanted to Kmgston, Jamaica. This, following help, but he had so little. He won- upon the opening of Serampore Col- dered what a dollar would do. The lege in India to all sections of Chris- missionary soon returned to her home.

tians, both as to its teaching staff and He would send her the dollar and its students-a step of which .advant- ask her .what it could do. After a age is being duly taken-is certainly time he received a reply showing all to the good. The most remarkable "what a little boy's doIIar did" in case of this cooperation is, in the having paid for the IJfinting of copies opinion of many, to be found in Delhi, of the following circular: where Anglican missionaries have not 1. Keep a child from starving for 50 only handed over a hostel to the Bapt- days.

ist missionary, but have invited him 2. Feed and clothe an orphan for 25 to take part in the work of their col- days.

lege and to give Scripture teaching. 3. Pay for the education of an orphan In China, too, for some time, with for 25 days.

. every satisfaction, the Baptist Mis- 4. Feed a poor widow for a month.

sionary Society and the Ameri- 5. Furnish a teacher for untaught children 2 weeks.

can Presbyterian missions have 6. Send out a Bible woman for 2 weeks acted together in the Theological when she may brighten 50 homes and and Normal College in Ching Chu Fu, 200 souls.

and at Wei Hsien and Chi-Nan-Fu, 7. Send out an evangelist for 1 week who may reach at least 14 villages and 1,400 souls. . Baptists and Angelicans have joined 8. Send out a colporteur with the Bible in the arts and medical institutions. for 12 days. On the Kongo also the English and 9. Buy 50 copies of the Gospel in any American Baptists are working to- language.

gether in the native training college 10. Buy 12 New Testaments in any at Kimpese. Another illustration of language. 11. Buy 3 Bibles in any language. this cooperation is presented in a pro- 12. Se~ in motion incalculable influposal to establish a united steamer ences. transport for Protestant missions on Why Give to Missions Weekly? the Kongo, an appeal having been REV. A. F. McGARRAH gives the made to the Baptist Missionary following five reasons for weekly Society to undertake the task, an giving to missions: appeal to which, if practicable,

I. It is scriptural. It is an act of The Divine Will is there, the one worship and should be a part of each principal purpose in the affairs of public service. Ps. ¢: 8. mankind. The only thing lacking is the instrument, which must be the 2. It is of untold advantage to the Church. When each one, and all in giver. Brings him into a closer and the Church, shall find that "spirit of more vital fellowship with his Lord wisdom," the spirit of willingness and Savior; makes business a spiri- and of "a sound mind," that shall tual service; leads to more earnest give all gladly, being "rich toward consideration of other duties to his God," and shall be able to receive needy brothers; causes larger interest bountifully and ready to administer in and more study of missions; stirs wisely, then shall great opportunities up to more diligent and more earnest find us ready to meet them simply, prayer; proves a moral help against gratefully, grandly! dishonest business methods during the week (for who dare offer God NORTH AMERICA that which is unclean?); causes an increase of the ease of giving; and Salvation Army Progreas means increased prosperity for the giver. T HE recent visit to America of General William Bramwell Booth 3. It is of great aid to the minister. calls attention to the wonderful Because it does away with appeals and growth of the Salvation Anny. Gendiscouragements at their frequent eral Booth is the leader of an army, failure. which with its affiliated agencies, numbers over a hundred thousand 4. It is desirable for the Church. men and women. By his authority Enables the rich and the poor to give some 82 periodicals are issued, scores according to their ability, and causes of industrial homes and schools, shelan increase in benevolence from 100 ters for women and children, hotels to 500 per cent.; gives it a right to for men, and farms for the "down the blessings promised, for obedience and out" are maintained. The Salvato scriptural principles and methods. tion Army has an annual revenue from its industries and from volun- 5. It is almost imperative jar the tary contributions of $30,000,000. welfare of the missionary cause. Like his father, the present Gen- The Real Difficulty eral Booth is what may be called a benevolent despot. The property and W E think in such large figures the policy of the Army, even the de- now-a-days that the title of a termination of his successor, are unrecent article in The Christian Intel- der his absolute control. ligencer "Why Do We Not Have $100,000,000 for Missions?" is not so Bible Teachers' Training·school and startling as it would once have been. The writer, indeed, says that we Missions should have $500,000,000, and outlines a possible distribution of such T HE Bible Teachers' Trainingan amount, showing that the field school of New York has been could absorb, and find good use for, taken as a model by the Nanking such a sum. The only reason why School of Theology, the Fuchau the Church does not have such large Union Theological School, and the amounts of money at her command Memorial Bible School of Seoul, must be that she can not be trusted Korea. It is a school that emphasizes with them. The need is there, for a thorough knowledge of the Bible the Gospel was given for all and and a practical use of its teachings in these have it not. The means are Christian work. Missionaries 'On furthere, within the Divine power; and we lough or in course of preparation atmight easily figure that they are, even tend the school, and a strong student now, in the hands of the Church. volunteer band of about fifty has been

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organized. Missionary lectures are land purchases, etc., total $500,000; given, and there are now on various but this is the equipment for 31 staforeign fields 302 former students of tions, hundreds of out-stations, and this school. makes possible more efficient and far- Student Volunteer Convention reaching' work of the presenL force of T HE next quadrennial convention of missionaries. . the Student Volunteer movement is to be held in Kansas City, Mo., De- Much, therefore, is still to be done cember 3I, I9I3, to January 4, I914. in the remaining year and a half of the carnraign.

These conventions have always been The Methodist Missionary Funds gatherings of remarkable inspiration METHODIST Episcopal benevoand power. Two thousand ,or more lence has now reached $5,000,- students gather from all North Amer- 000 a year. It is divided among: the ica and speakers of national and inter- Board of Foreign Missions, $1,500,- national reputation bring messages 000; the women's foreign work, from the Word of God and from the $92 5,000; the women's home work, world of God. The general secretary $7°0,000; the general home work, $I,- is Mr. F. P. Turner, 600 Lexington 400,000; and the balance made up Ave., New York. by the smaller societies. At the The Presbyterian China Campaign meeting of the Foreign Board held in November, it was shown that re- T HE Presbyterian Board over a ceipts for regular work last year year ago undertook a three-year were about $50,000 more than the campaign for funds and men, which preceding year, and a debt of $138,- should enable the Board to send out 000 was reduced to one of $90,000. a hundred new missionaries, and add The women gave to foreign work needed equipment for the efficiency and increase of the work. last year $110,000 more than on any previous year. Converts on the so- The committee in charge reported called heathen fields are giving toto the General Assembly last May that ward their own support $850,000 "more than $300,000 have already a year. It was decided at this meetbeen pledged, and about forty men and ing of the foreign board to send adwomen have oftered themselves to go ditional missionaries at once into to ,China. The China campaign as Mexico, and try to prevent further carried on last year not only did not uprisings. interfere with the other benevolences Rescue Mission; Unite of the Board, but so far as can be I judged from the testimony of pas- Nmost cities the work of rescue tors and elders in whose churches the missions has been conducted on campaigns were held, were a great independent lines and has centered spiritual benefit to the Church and around the personality of the leader.

community." But the passion for organization, It should be noted, however, that, which is one of the distinctive fea- deducting vacancies filled, and the tures of our time, has taken posses- number needed each yeai" by way of sion of leaders in this line of ser- reenforcement, the additions to the vice also, and the latest "Interna- staff are only about twenty, or one- tional Union" is one of Gospei Mis- fifth of the new missionaries re- sions. This took form in N ew York quired. City last aut1:imn, and Mr. Sidney The requests from the China mis- 'Whittemore was elected president.

sions for property equipment, includ- Representative mission workers ing school, academy, college and semi- from the principal cities of the nary buildings, churches and chajJels. United States and Canada make up institutional churches and evangelistic the board of trustees, and il is headquarters, hospitals, residences, planned to hold a convention 111

Cedar Rapids, Iowa, next spring. A Campaign Against Polygamy Local federations are also being or- THE United States Congress is at ganized. The main object of the last confronted with a compre- Union is to arouse the churches to a new and deeper interest· in this hensive and unavoidable issue on the form of Christian effort. As one of question of polygamy. Congressthe leaders puts it, "the workers in man Gillett of Massachusetts has Gospel missions do, in a special and offered in the house an "eighteenth amendment" to the national constipeculiar way, represent some of the tution in the following form: fundamentally distinctive features of the Christian religion." "Section I. Polygamy shall not exist within the United States or Moral Victories in Texa. any place subject to their jurisdic- tion. HE ministers in the churches of T Austin, Texas, haye achieved a "Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by apgreat moral victory over commercial- propriate legislation."

ized vice in their city, which is hav- The legislation required to stamp out polygamy is a matter to coning the effect of a moral revival sider later; the thing in view now is to make sure of bringing the whole throughout the state. The united subject under federal jurisdiction.

Protestant pastors conducted a pub- Noone will dare oppose this prin- ciple; even in Utah, in the present licity campaign of newspaper ad- state of public sentiment, the Mor- mons themselves will not dare say vertising quite on the lines made fa- openly that this is a bad addition to the constitution. Undoubtedly they miliar in Atlanta, backing these ap- hope for a time when they could fight such a proposal openly and dipeals to public sentiment by much rectly, but at present they would venture nothing more than arguing preaching on the subj ect and by that it is not necessary.

mass meetings in the churches. Sus- The effective answer to that argu- ment "It is not necessary," is not in tained by a bare majority of the proof that the Mormons are practis- ing polygamy, but rather that they council, the mayor issued an order teach that polygamy is the Ideal marriage state, and that they exclosing the vice resorts of the town pect eventually to obtain the legaliza- tion of it. October 1st. To fortify the city The Call to Indian Students against the danger of a reaction, the THE American Indian delegates ministers have secured the coopera- at the World's Student Chris- tion of influential laymen in the tian Federation at Mohonk last June sent out the following call to Indian organization of the Austin Anti- students in North American schools and colleges: Vice League, which already has a "Ve earnestly express as our conmembership of hundreds, rapidly in- viction, attested by the knowledge of our respective tribes and our several creasing. • personal experiences, that the one fundamental need of the Red Men All this development of sentiment 'is Jesus Christ; that the Indian race will achieve a greater glory or will in Austin has attracted attention in other cities of Texas, and in Dallas the Council of Churches has had a busy time with the fight on the "reservation." In the summer it in- vited before it the police commis- sioner and discust with him the abolition of the district set aside by the city commission for vice. He refused to abolish it." The council gave him and the city notice that the first work of the churches this autumn would be a battle royal on legalized vice. That battle has stirred the city and it has resulted in doing away with what has been a long-established institution.

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vanish from the earth according as had a monopoly of the island for it receives or rejects Jesus Christ; nearly 400 years.

that in Him only is to be found that SPANISH AMERICA. power that saves from the vices, greed, gross materialism, and selfish- A Notable Convert from Romani.m.

ness of modern civilization, and that B0 R N in Spain, for over 30 leads to the glory of a blameless years a Franciscan monk, now a Indian womanhood and manhood. Presbyterian missionary to his na- tive land-this is the outline of the "In view of these indisputable life story of Dr. Juan Orts Gonfacts we bid every Christian student zalez. He was one of the distinto stand with us, and to take heart guished scholars of his church, for as never before. And we call upon seven years president of a college, all Christian agencies working in and the recipient of unusual honors Indian student centers to strengthen and privileges. Among these was their hands in the endeavor to lead permission to read prohibited books. students to a personal adherence to His reading led him to question Jesus Christ and to foster all in- some of the main doctrines of Rofluences working for a settlement of manism, and further doubts were Indian problems along the lines of created by the discovery through Christian statesmanship."

Missionary Giving of a Canadian travel and study that far from Church Roman Catholic countries only be- T HE Sherbourne Street Methodist ing truly civilized and really pros- church of Toronto, Canada, sets perous and happy, as he had been a noble example by contributing readily persuaded to believe, both in the past and to-day the Roman twice as much to missions as to Catholic religion has always been accurrent expenses during the year companied "by the ignorance, poverty, decadence and ruin of the peoples ending September 30, 19I1: Total which have profest it, and that the for local church pttrposes, $12,075·- Protestant religion, on the contrary, 16; total for direct missionary work, $20,004.02; total for city mission- has been associated with the pros- perity, civilization, and uplift of ary and extension work, $2,104.21; every country and nation which has total for connectional funds (edu- followed its doctrines." cational, superannuation, etc.), $2,- 678.80; total, $36,806.1g. The fig- This remarkable man was so in earures giv.en above do not include nest about attaining to holiness and building fund subscriptions, nor pri- peace that for more than ten years vate givings to educational or be- he whipt himself daily except SUlJ.- nevolent work. The report shows day or holy days until the blood a decrease of $1,000 in current ex- came. In a recent article in The penses and an increase of over $2,- Continent, he draws attention to 000 to benevolences over the pre- what he believes to be a serious danvious year. ger.

Churches in Porto Rico There is already in the air not A C H U R C H c ens u s of both only the possibility but the strong Pro t est ant and Romanist probability of an American Roman churches in 23 municipalities, con- Catholic federation, beginning with taining 40 per cent. of the popUlation Canada and extending to the end of of the island, shows a total Romanist Patagonia.

attendance of 8,094; of Protestant, Catholic papers and Catholic bish- 8,870, an excess of 776 in favor of ops have often spoken in the highest the Reformed churches. Protestant terms of praise of such a policy and mission work is hardly 10 years of have indorsed it heartily. If a po- age, while the Church of Rome has litico-religious federation is formed,

then 110t only will every Protestant The English Church Army movement in Spanish America be THIS organiz.ation, patterned after crusht but even in this country the SalvatIon Army, is little Protestantism will be handicapped and the nation become entangled. more than 30 years old, yet it has so grown as to require 40 secretaries The Papacy in Brazil in its five-storied headquarters. Its annual budget amounts to $920,000. THE Correia Paulistano, a morning Its 400 evangelists and officers and . paper. of Sao Paulo, Brazil, pub- its 300 sisters work in cooperation hs~~~ on Its front page some scathing with the state church. Seventy cntlC1sms of the abuses which have preaching vans of the Church Army overtaken the Roman Church in cross England in all directions. In Brazil. They are the more striking London it carries on homes for outwhen their source is considered. casts, and similar institutions in 35 provincial cities. In its charge are "Catholicism has a great advantage numerous other institutions: a model over Protestantism in having an exter- farm for out-oF-works, homes of nal worship. External worship is as various description, numerous disnecessary to religion as scenery is to pensaries, a hospice for tuberculous the drama; but everything in this life children, etc. The Army is thoroughis liable to transformation and de- ly evangelical in character. It terioration. Perhaps, only in Portu- preaches the need of a real re-birth, guese Africa, under the influence of of holiness in heart and life. From the burning Libyan winds, is it pos- it the parish clergy are provided with sible to find devotion so sincere, and experienced evangelists, colporteurs, at the same time so noisy, as in Brazil. nurses and women misisonaries. It is incredible that in a city which calls itself highly civilized, the police and its authorities permit festivities AEnlisting the Young for Work which have nothing religious about WESLEY GUILD in England them, and only serve to augment the has reached a membership of criminal register." (iS2, with a junior guild of 500 boys EUROPE and girls. The lookout committee T A Wealeyan Centennial has mapped out every part of the HE British vVesleyans have been church and assigned a definite task celebrating the beginning and to each worker. No stranger ever progress of their foreign missionary gets away without an invitation to work. The beginning was a hundred attend the guild meeting. The whole years ago, and the record of achieve- neighborhood has been visited. As ments through the century was a soon as the Sunday-school boys and just and adequate cause of rejoicing. girls reach the age fixt for enter- The celebration had been planned to ing the guild they are welcomed and include a great gathering at Vest- made to feel at home. The junior minster in the new Central Build- guild is, of course, the great feedingings, and a simultaneous celebration ground of the older society.

in all the districts and circuits 'fHE CONTINENT throughout the land. It was ar- Protestantism in Europe ranged that on Sunday evening at 7 o'clock, the congregations in all the HE report of the Continental chapels, from Wesley's in London T Mission to the Irish General As- to the tiny wayside chapel in the re- sempIy says this about the progress motest hamlet, should bow for a of Protestantism on the Continent: moment in silent prayer, and then "The French Protestants have now rise to sing: "All hail the power of surmounted the temporary acute dif- Jesus' Name," to the tune "Miles ficulties created by the Separation Lane." Act, dissolving the connection be-

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tween Church and State:. . . They He is one of the most brilliant and have now a considerably larger in- successful writers of the present day, come from the free will offerings of as his book, entitled, "The Quest of the members than they formerly re- the Historical Jesus," witnesses. Havceived from the State. . . . Evan- ing had the matter of becoming a gelistic work is being carried on missionary upon his mind for some more extensively and vigorously time, he studied medicine, and has than hitherto. . . . And a farther now gone at his own expense to the and cheering factor in the situatiofl French Kongo-his work, while indeis that more and better men are of- pendent, to be closely affiliated with fering themselves for education for that of the Paris society. The funds the ministry. which are supporting Dr. Schweitzer have been secured through his gifts as "In Italy the influence of Protest- a musician. He is known throughout antism is seen, not merely in the Germany as a brilliant organist, and members enrolled in the different perhaps the greatest authority upon churches, but also in the spread of the music of Bach. The British spiritual life, and of a ·desire for re- Weekly speaks of him as ."a tall, form inside the Church of Rome. broad-shouldered man in the late thir- The cultured Italian modernists find ties, powerfully built. He has a pleastheir spiritual nourishment in Protest- ant dark eye, dark hair, worn rather ant literature; our latest books are short, with no suggestion of the diletto be found in their private libraries, tante, features blunt but well cut, with either in their original language or the strong chin of the man of action; in translations; and in their writings, the whole personality keenly alive and in their sermons, in their modernis- magnetic." tic utterances, the influence of French Protestant literature, es- Hospital Pledged for Albania pecially, is evident." REFERENCE was made in the Moral Decline in France December number of the RE- VIEW to the great opportunity be- A GROUP of Frenchmen declare fore the American Board in Al- ,," that a brutal appetite for bania, and it is a cause for thallks- . pleasure has been intensified in giving that some steps are being France; that scandals, crimes, sui- taken to meet it. At the annual cides and madness have multiplied. meeting of the American Board in They have posted statements to this Kansas City Miss Ellen M. Stone effect with reasons for the decline of pleaded for the Board to take postheir national power, on walls session of Albania in the name of throughout their country. They Christ. Learning that the Prudenstate that in the past few years more tial Committee had authorized the than 350,000,000 obscene papers and raising of a fund of $65,000 for pamphlets and IO,OOO,OOO filthy postal pushing the work in Albania, with cards and photographs have been cir- trembling voice she said: "This is culated in France. Besides these, it just the sum you paid for my reis said that thousands and thousands lease when I was captured by brigof excitements to debauchery from ands. You paid $65,000 to save one music halls, cafe chantants and real- American woman. Will you not do istic plays, have contributed to this as much to save a nation?" It was awful condition. If "we sow the a thrilling moment. wind we shall reap the whirlwind." After an address by Rev. C. T. A German Scholar as Missionary Erickson, of Albania, a home mis- siona,ry pastor from North Dakota RELIGIOUS and academic circles arose and headed a movement to in Europe are deeply stirred by raise $10,000 to build a Christian the going out to Africa of the famous hospital in Albania. The following German scholar, Dr. Albert Schweitzer.

cable message was sent from the cussion of questions of curriculum, meeting to the Albanian Govern- training of teachers, the use and abuse ment: of text-books, physical training, com- ity, salaries, relations with the govern- "Kaimal Bey, President, Avlona. ment, and Sunday-school work. The American Board of Missions in annual meeting assembled, profound- The Les.oD of the Balkan War ly sympathizes with Albania. May God speedily send peace, prosperity MR. FRANKLIN E. HOSKINS, and the triumph of national right- a missionary in Syria for 30 eousness. A modern hospital pledged years, speaks with authority of con- for Albania." ditions in that part of the world. He says, in a recent letter: "While each The following reply was received: nationality has had its champions to "American Board of Missions, Bos- uphold the one and defame all 'the ton. Thanks for dispatch. Please rest, it is more than certain that present the gratitude of the Albanian everyone of them has a story of people and government to the Ameri- barbaric crime and outrage. But it can Board for past and future fa- is equally certain that some have re- vors. Ismail Kemal, President of ceived much more of the blame than Provisional Government of Albania." they deserve. The Greeks have done the most looting and burning, the ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS Servians next.

Planning a Campaign "There is one lesson (of the Bal- kan War) written large for all who As a result of an educational con- are interested in Protestant Missions. ference in Beirut, Syria, in Austrian, Russian, and Turkish in- 191I, the Missionary Educational fluence have done their best and Union of Syria and Palestine has been their worst to keep Protestant mis- formed. The aim is to afford oppor- sions out of the Balkans. Austria tunity for cooperation among educa- has represented the most cruel and tional workers in these lands. The des pot i c influences of Roman first regular meeting was held in J eru- Catholicism. Russia has represented salem July 31, August I and 2, with the most archaic form of the Chris- the Rev. W. S. Nelson, of the Ameri- tian Church, while Turkey has for , can Presbyterian Board, as chairman, centuries represented the undying and Prof. W. H. Hall, principal of hostility of Islam to these con- the Syrian Protestant College, as sec- quered yet forever rebellious provin- retary. Later, officers were elected ces. These converging and hostile under the constitution adopted for a influences playing upon the confused term of two years, as follows: Mar- tangle of races, religions, languages, shall N. Fox, of the Friends' Mission, and century-old blood feuds, have chairman, and Miss M. C. Warburton, produced a seething mass of warring of the British Syrian Mission, secre- aspirations and expectations that tary-treasurer. The British Syrian defy the best effort of civilized Mission Schools, Church Missionary Europe to separate or reconcile Society, Church of Sootlan<;l. Mission them." to the Jews, Danish Mission in the Orient, Dufferin and Proctor Memor- From none of these peoples or ial Schools, Friends Foreign Mission governments can we expe~t much Association, Irish Presbyterian Mis- but opposition to Protestant missions. sion, J ebail Settlement, Jerusalem and the East Mission, London Society for A Constantinople Y.M.C.A. Promotion of Christianity among the Jews, Presbyterian Board, Syrian A YOUNG "'MEN'S CHRISTIAN Protestant College and a number of ASSOCIATION has recently other missions and schools were rep- been opened in Pera, Constantinople, resented. The subjects included dis- and is meeting a long-felt need, as is evidenced not only by the verbal

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assurances of scores of men but also undertakings; for building~; for by the way they come to the rooms home expenses; and last, but by no and use the various privileges. There means least, for philanthropic and is scarcely an evening hour in the humanitarian service especially in week when some class 01' literary emergencies of famine and plague, society is not in session. There are there has passed not less than $10,- already 64 men enrolled in the En- 000,000.

glish classes, which meet four times The Transformation Wrought a week. Several men are enrolled for classes in French, German, Tur- T HE change is not so much of in- dividuals as of the whole popukish, Greek and English and French lation-their style of living, their stenography. moral and social ideals, their capacity for progress. Hinduism itself is un- The Association might lay a fair dergoing a transformation. It is reclaim to the term "Cosmopolitan" as verting to all that is noble and great there are no less than I I nationali- in its ancient religious literature. The ties included in its membership. Most determining factor in selection from that vast mass of sacred books is of these members find in the reading room papers and magazines in their evidently the presence of Christianity own languages.-The Orient.

INDIA and the recognition of a Christian What Indian Missions Have Cost standard. The most popular religious book in India to-day is the Bhaga- A CCORDING to Rev. R. A. vad-Gita; and this beautiful poem Hume, it is absolutely impossible has been called out of its obscurity to give any exact or even any ap- and neglect because it offers a sin- I proximately adequate estimate of gular parallel to the main idea of what amount of money has come to Christianity. Krishna is presented India through 41 American and as the incarnation of Brahma, call- Canadian missionary organizations. ing his worshipers to himself, and But the pioneer organization which promising them, by way of contemleads in celebrating this hundredth plation and devotion, eternal life. anniversary of the coming of the Happily, the poem contains much first American missionaries, viz., the beautiful teaching. To have induced American Marathi Mission, is able to India to make the Bhagavad-Gita the make a fairlv correct pecuniary popular scripture of educated men is statement. Th~ books of its treasur- one achievement of Christianity.- er show that through the hands of the representatives of this single DR. HAIGH. American organization, for the di- A Remarkable Testimony from India T verse items of expense for outfit, HE late Maharajah of Travan- core had the reputation of being passage, support and furloughs of missionaries; for the training and one of the most learned of all mod- employment of large numbers of In- ern Hindu princes. When a young dian agents, largely Christian, yet, man, he used to give lectures to partly non-Christian; for direct spiri- the young men of his own country.

tual work; for many scores of edu- Altho he himself never accepted cational institutions of many grades Christianity, yet he said these strik- in which tens of thousands of Chris- ing words about the Bible: "Where tian and non-Christian boys and girls do the English people get their have received a sound education; for knowledge, intelligence, cleverness a large amount of original and trans- and power? It is their Bible that lated literary work in books, maga- gives it to them; and now they bring zines, newspapers, tracts, etc., etc.; it to us, translate it into our lan- for hospitals, dispensaries, and guage, and say, 'Take it, read it, ex- varied work; for advanced industrial amine it, and see if it is not good.'

They do not force it upon us as of the new bridge at Sara, Governthe Mohammedans did their Koran, ment was coIlecting six thousand but they bring it saying, 'This is children, whose heads were to be what raised us; take it and raise buried under the foundations. The yourselves.' Of one thing I am con- same report was current at the time vinced, that, do with it what we will, when the Jubilee bridge was being oppose it as we may, it is the Chris- built at Naihati; and has its origin in tian's Bible that will sooner or later the belief that the gods are angered work out the regeneration of our by the bridging of the river and the land."-The Bible in the W orId. interference with the current, and can only be appeased by sacrifice. A Oddities of Oriental Languages vehicle in which an unoffending Ben- gali was going to Howrah Station AN article in the Bible in the W orId, was stopt on a mere rumor that by Sir George A. Grierson, illus- he was a collector of children; he trates some of the language difficulties was beaten and the vehicle ruined. of the Far East. There are languages, iThen such reports can find accepsuch as Shan (used in Burma), in tance in Calcutta, what can be exwhich no word consists of more than pected in the rural districts!"- The one syIlable, so that one word has to do Harvest Field. duty for several ideas. The speakers help out the meanings of these words The Dancing Girl Cur8e in India by singing them, so that, to take an example, ma, ma, ma, ma, ma, m'eans THE attention of our readers has (if to be properly intoned), "Help the been drawn several times to the horse! A mad dog is coming." Hkai, laudable efforts of the British Govhkai, hkai, hkai, is sung so as to mean, ernment to improve the condition of HI wish to seIl mottled eggs"; and pa, the children in India, especially the pa, pa, pa, pa, pa, to mean, Aunt went girls (see MISSIONARY REVIEW, 19II, toward the jungle with fish slung on pp. 7II and 947). We are glad to her shoulder." notice that the question of Muralis or dancing girls attached to Hindu tem- Ignorant Opposition in Calcutta ples (who it is well known are almost without exception leading immoral T HE growth of universities in In- lives), is now engaging the atten- dia should not make us forget how tion of government. In South India small a proportion of the popUlation there are hundreds of Hindu temples is, after all, touched by the higher to which these devadasis or "hand education, and what a powerful hold maids of the gods" are attached in superstition has upon them. From large numbers, and any well-con- Calcutta, the home of the Bengali sidered step to reduce the baneful babu, who so boasts himself of his fruits of this hateful institution learning and his culture, comes the which is in no way connected with following item: Hinduism will be welcomed by the thoughtful section of the Hindu HAnticipating the Juvenile Offen- community. The Mysore governders' Act, the police last month took ment have banished dancing girls from the streets of Calcutta a nU111- from temple worship in the religious ber of children who were employed institutions throughout the state, and as beggars, cigaret sellers, etc., and nobody has ever sugge>'ted that the sent them to the Refuge, a home for action of that government was an the homeless poor of all creeds, interference with the religious usage castles and ages. This action was of the people, and there is no reason laid hold of by certain mischievous why what has been achieved in Mypersons as proof of the truth of a sore should be impossible of accomreport which has been in circulation plishment elsewhere in India. -that in order to ensure the stability

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Tibetans Seeking Knowledge tened w.ell to the Gospel." Mr. Podin FOUR Tibetan young men, sons held eight meetings and gave to each of high officials, and some Tibe- prisoner personally a New Testament. tan lads from Darjeeling, have sailed There were men among the prisoners to England, in charge of an English- who had never heard the story of speaking Tibetan, for education at Christ and Him Crucified, and all the government's expense. They will creeds and nationalities were represtay in England for ten years, sented. studying language, handicrafts and law. It is hardly more than a But the very next day he visited generation since similar notices could the second prison in Tomsk, with 908 be seen in our newspapers of Japan- inmates. It was of quite a different ese youth coming from their closed kind, with men who could not be let and isolated land. Ve observe also together, because among them were that a cinematograph company, fin- prisoners who had committed heavy anced and managed solely by Tibet- crimes. There were many, also, conans, has been organized at Kalim- demned to hard labor, hands and feet pong. It starts presently for Lhasa, in chains, who looked into a dark and giving exhibitions en route. Among hopeless future. There were women, the films is one of the English Coro- also, who had committed grievous nation. sins and crime. The story of Mr. Podin's visit to other prisons in Si- In Siberian Prison. beria reads similarly, revealing a dark picture of gloom and despair, into T HE reports concerning the state which fall the rays of hope and light of affairs and the treatment of from the Gospel which he preaches prisoners in Siberian prisons usuaUy to these men and women, and places speak of cruelty and barbarity, of . printed into the prisoners' hands. He utter desolation and hopelessness, so visited more than 23,000 Siberian that it is refreshing to read in Evan- prisoners in I9I I.

gelical Christendom of Mr. Adam CHINA Podin's visit to the great prison in Tomsk, in which he preached to about Union Movement in China P I,600 inmates. He says, "This prison RACTICAL progress has been made by the different denominacould be called the model prison of Russia, and perhaps it would not be tions in China toward union in re- too much to .'lay a model prison of ligions, educational, and humanitarian the world. The Governor was like a work. At Nanking, for instance, in father to his children. He was such central China, the ancient capital, the an inventor that he found work for Methodists, Presbyterians, and Dis- each one. They had factories within ciples have already united in all the prison, and their own electricity preparatory and college work, and -everything done by electric power. also in the theological and medical The best Dutch tiles made on the schools. The result is that better premises; brick-kilns where the best education is being furnished. The bricks are produced. They make their Baptists are planning to unite with own boots and shoes, weave all kinds the other bodies in the work at of cloth, and clothe 600 soldiers from Nanking.

head to foot. Besides, they have two In southern China the Methodists farms, where the criminals are work- and Congregationalists have already ing on the field. . The prison- united in their theological schools, ers are not guarded by soldiers, but and the Methodists and the Episco- all answer for one and for all. palians in the medical schools. In It works well, and they do not run western China the Baptists, Metho- away. The officials were thankfnl dists, and English Quakers have for my visit, and the poor men lis- united in all preparatory, college, 11or-

mal and professional work. In ed by fully 300 delegates. The parnorthern China the Methodists, Pres- ticipants came from distances rangbyterians, and Congregationalists are ing from 10 to 80 miles, and in planning to bring their theological various manners of conveyances. One schools together and in this region old lady, 83 years old, walked 2S all the missions have united in medi- miles to be present at the meeting. cal school work. Finally, as a re- She had been a Christian for more sult of the conferences held last than 3S years, and could not bear spring under Dr. Mott's leadership, to be absent. Others came by wheelall the Protestant missions in China barrow and some by the modern trains. have voted to unite, at as early a The spirit of the conference was date as practicable, in all educational deeply impressive, and after the wowork with the exception of the pri- men returned to their homes rumors mary schools.-The Outlook. began to come back of the work they were doing among their friends, How the Gospel .Transforms and neighbors. In one family-one of the most exclusive of the gentry T HE Mios, aborigines of southern of Weihsien–one of the young wo- China, were ten years ago un- men members, who is interested in speakable heathen-drunken and dis- Christianity, was allowed to attend solute. A great Christian movement the conference in a private room, and is changing the hearts of tens of thou- was greatly imprest. The attendance sands. Mr. Nichol, who is working of this young woman was a breakamong them, tells of "pig collections" ing of precedent, for this family for mission work, at which 174 were was one of those who do not aliow contributed by one. Christian commu- their women to go out to church or nity and driven to the market town, mingle in any of the new movements. bringing the total to date up to 300. She was deeply imprest by the ex- perience. To Be Known Only as Christians A Chinese Official's Bequest to Mi••ions W ORD comes from Peking that the Christians of that city have T HE financial evidences of Chrisalmost entirely eliminated from their tianity in a mission field are alvocabulary the denominational names ways impressive. Recently word has which the missionaries among them come that a Chinese gentleman has feel obliged to employ. No Chinese bequeathed his entire property to the speaks of a Methodist, Presbyterian, American Baptist Foreign Missionary Baptist, etc. The churches are called Society, with the stipulation that after by their location, "Church at Sec- his death it is' to be used for the ond Street," "Filial Piety Street," spread of the gospel in China. He etc. One of the Chinese Episcopal- has notified his brother in China to ians said frankly that the Chinese of act as executor for his property in their mission "would join hands with that country, to see that the proviother Christians, if their clergymen sions of his will are carried out. The did not object." name of this gentleman is withheld, for at the present time he is in Women's Conference in Weihsien America holding an important posi- tion under the Chinese Government. A L THO here and there a woman He is said to be a splendid type of has stood out strongly from Chinese Christian gentleman, well her sisters, the great mass of wo- educated, and able to speak three manhood in China has until recent Chinese dialects, as well as English. years borne very little public part INhen he was eight years of age his in religious life, but it is being in- father and mother became Christians. creasingly noted that the women are It is his desire and expectation, to coming to the fore. A women's conference held recently at Weihsien, in the Shantung province, was attend-

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return to China at the close of his ty years. In the evening over 1,200 present government service, and spend people assembled in the theater and the remainder of his life in preach- listened most quietly to the preaching the gospel to his own people. ing and Bible reading and when he left the next day besought him to ar- JAPAN-KOREA range for some help in the way of pastoral care. The fact that these The Gospel Power in Japan large numbers in a place without a resident pastor can be willing to ONE of our Methodist exchanges listen quietly to the preaching of the says: Gospel is a most encouraging fact and should quicken prayer. "The reports for the past year show success at almost every point. "M Korea'. Unrest There is not even one point devoid of ISSIONARIES are sometimes hope. Methodism has graduaIIy accused of creating unrest prest forward until we are now among the Korean people," writes second in membership among all the Rev. D. A. Bunker, a Methodist the Protestant denominations of the worker in Seoul. "And I fancy we empire. For the past year that part shall have to plead guilty. No OlriSof Methodism called the Nippon tian man or woman can come among (Japan) Methodist Church, formed this people as a teacher of higher by the' union of Canadian, Northern things without causing unrest. A and Southern Methodists, stands first thought of something higher, somein the number of baptisms. The sig- thing better to be attained, implanted nal success of the Church in Korea in the mind of an ignorant Korean for several years past has been a is a revolutionary germ. It takes matter of great reioicing throughout root. It transforms a life. The the Christian world. This past year germ multiplies and spreads. A our Church in Japan has gone ahead, neighborhood, a village, a county, a in results. of our Church, even in state, is stirred up, revolutionized. Korea. This wiII be an inspiration The process is inevitable. No power to our Church in America, for some all earth can stop it. It is God's of you had lost hope for Christianity way of leading His people out of a in Japan. I am credibly informed barren existence into the more abunthat it is stated in America that our dant life. There is no other way. Church has lost its opportunity in Yes, the missionaries are guilty of Japan. Do not believe it for one having said a lot of things which minute. The work has been diffi- have set the Koreans to thinking. cult-is stilJ difficult. No nation was VVe have stirred up a wide-spread ever easily Christianized." unrest, and hundreds of thousands who sitting in darkness were unable A Remarkable Incident. to see or think intelligently, are clamoring for admission into the T HE Bishop of Kiu-Shiu, the circle of progressive humanity." southern of the principal islands of Japan, in the course of a sermon The Korean Revival Continues in Nagasaki on June 8, said that during the previous six weeks he had ONE indication of the virility been enabled to preach to over 12,- of the cause is seen in the 000 people, and that at one place be- recent opening of the Central Prestween Kumamoto and Kagoshima byterian Church at Seoul. The basewhere there had been no missionary ment accommodates a day-school of or resident pastor for twelve years, 100 pupils, and has besides a prayerhis visit was welcomed by the mayor meeting room accommodating 300, and ex-mayor who profest them- The main floor will seat (in Korean selves as being baptized Christians. style) over 2,000, and at the dedica- They introduced him to thirty others, some having been believers for twen-

tion there were by actual count 2,- ing practical interest in philanthropy 108 people present. This church is and reform. At Fayoum $5,000 was not for Sunday use only. Already subscribed at one meeting toward the it has been used for sessions of the establishment of children's clinics, men's training class of 600 coming while at Beni-Suef, $7,000 was sub- in from the country around, and scribed for a similar object. taught in eight grades, and also for the women's winter class of 500. A Anglo-Egyptian Sudan During the sessions of these classes c. M. S. st(1tion was open~d by over 200 were provided with sleeping the Revs. A. Shaw, K.. E. accommodations on the premises. And Japan is friendly to the cause, Hamilton and E. C. Gore, among the as the presence of the Minister of Azandi tribe in February at Yambio, the Interior, the second official in 259 miles west of Gondokoro. These Korea, and the Minister of Educa- people are described as considertion, proclaimed on the day of dedi- ably higher in the scale of intellication. gence and civilization than the Nil- otic tribes. They wear clothes and NORTH AFRICA manufacture ingenious domestic im- plements and musical instruments. Material Progress in Egypt. They are very numerous and cover a vast area, exercising a dominating A DISPATCH from Cairo to the influence over surrounding tribes. New Yark Herald reviews the General Gordon appealed for the remarkable development in Egypt un- evangelization of these people. der recent British administration. New works in connection with irriga- EAST AFRICA tion, drainage, roads, etc., are in progress everywhere. In every part From an African Girl Df the country new roads are being constructed. A few years ago it T HE following is an extract from was not possible to automobile for a letter received by one of the more than twelve miles outside Cairo, teachers at the girls' school at Lovenow automobilists can drive to Alex- dale, South Africa: "The best of andria, H elouan, Sakhhara and other all that I can entrust you with is places. The physical condition of this, that I am now a true child of the native Egyptian is receiving care- God. Oh, what· bliss to have a ful attention. In addition to the heavenly fellowship 1 I never knew eye hospitals and general hospitals what is sealed up in giving your which have existed for some time heart to the Lord. N ow I enjoy there are now being established in doing my work, and also do I underthe provinces maternity hospitals, un- stand the responsibility of it. Now der the control of Dritish nurses, I can read my Bible with more unand special clinics for the prevention derstanding; I can pray as one speakand cure of ankylostomiasis (Egyp- ing to a father. So this i.s the chief tian anaemia), a malady which hith- and best part of my letter to you. erto has been allowed to affect great I hope you will be very glad, as I ravages among the industrious fel- myse1 f am. For I know even in laheen. In Cairo evidences of the heaven there was joy for a soul reextraordinary activity of Lord Kitch- turned from the wild." cner are to be seen everywhere, and the city in places has been completely An African King Lays a Corner-stone transformed during the summer months. Vealthy natives are not in- T HE King of Uganda, in native different observers in the great work costume, and attended by native which is carried OIL Tn most of the provinces they are saiel 1() he show- chiefs, on September 5th laid the foundation-stone of the Church Mis- c., sionary Society's new building in Salishnr}"csql1are, – E. he fore a

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large audience. It was recorded on At the new out-station Olama, 62. the stone that the ceremony was car- miles north of Lolodorf, So profest ried out by an African King-the Christ. Evangelistic spirit domill~,t"s first Christian King of Buganda. the Mission. Sir J 01111 Kennaway (president of the C. M. S.) received the King and his The engine and machinery for the chiefs. The stone -having been low- new saw-mill arrived safely at Elat ered, the King said: "In the faith and were duly place.d. From early of Jesus Christ we fix this stone." morning till late afternoon crowds of people came to see thi..,; "wonder." WEST AFRICA A great curiosity was a 28-foot well which the missionaries dug. "Who- Long Waiting for the Gospel ever heard of such a thing? If the white people say they are going to I Na town of the delta of Nigeria make water run up a tree I would missionaries found that the natives believe it and go to my town without bad long been waiting for their ar- even waiting to see if they do it," rival. For two years they had been were the words of an astonished bykeeping the Sabbath, and to aid their stander.-Presoyterian Bulletin. memories they had kept in their houses pieces of wood bored with Progress on the Kamerun seven holes in which they would insert a peg for each day as it passed. MRS. C. W. McCLEARY writes They had a meeting every morning fr0111 Botange, Kamerun: "Our and repeated this quaint prayer: "Oh average number of baptism is 200, God we beg you, make you look but a year ago, our church was blown good to-day; make you no trouble down, and we had no class advanced. we, or do we any bad; we beg you, These 50 candidates this time were we beg you." How pathetic it was strays and left-overs. The week prethat these Nigerian negroes should ceding was a strenuous one. One for two years have been meeting item I forgot was that on that day regularly and offering prayer while 150 new confessions were made. waiting for someone to come to them :1any of these were the result of our with the message of light. village school teachers, as our evange- lists were here in schoo!. Now they A Live Work in West Africa have gone out, about 40 in all, and we hope for good harvests~the fields T HREE thousand have been taken are white. In spite of local churches into the catechumen class at Elat, and out-stations, we still have great Vest Africa, during the year. Sun- crowds at our communion services. day-school membership, 3,500; church The last one, on April 6, eclipsed all offerings for each month of the year, former records. These are the figover $100.00. Fifteen hundred boys ures: Present, 7,000, plus three overand girls in the day-school and 4,000 flow meetings; baptized, 51 adults and in 50 village schools. 14 babies; advanced, 392 (eligible for memhership in a year); collection, New station at Metet growing 700 plus marks (German), nearly rapidlY-370 enrolled in the school. $200; present enrolment (church), Extensive gardens planted, school- I,I08. At one out-station that day, house, church, storehouses erected. 2,000 were present; at the other one, At out-station 74 enrolled catechu- 1,000. mens; all fetishes given up. Many confessions. CENTRAL AFRICA Large audiences at Efulen and Lo- Communion in Central Africa loclorf. Many candidates for the lllini~try. Early morning prayer EYERY newly organized church meet1l1gs in villages conducted by COUllts its 1110St solemn service ~'Olll1g SellOO] hays-very large atten- that one when the members meet at dance. the Coml1111njon tahle. Dan Craw-

ford, the African missionary whose :;upervi:;e the carrying out of the law.

'fascinating book, "Thinking Black," The mission stations are not directly is rousing such enthusiasm, teIls how affected, but their work will naturally the converted chief of a heathen vil- be made 1110re difficult, if they are lage came to him one day saying, separated in this way from the ma- "Might not we celebrate together the jority of the natives,-Translated Feast of ,Memories?" Then, remem- fr0111 Der Missions Freund.

bering who makes the third when two are thus gathered together, the mis- Christian Teaching in Madagascar T sionary and the African chief, there HE French Administration in in the jungle, celebrated the Lord's Madagascar opened more than Supper. "vVe had an old battered 500 official schools between the years box upside down," says Mr. Craw- 1896 and I912, the majority of the ford, "and a mug minus a handle, teachers being trained in the Normal but what of that? Is it not written School maintained by the Governthat on all the vessels shall be 'holi- ment. The instruction is on modern ness unto the Lord'?" lines. However, hundreds of ele- Hungry for the Word mentary schools maintained by the missionaries have been closed, and FROM May, 19I2, to January, I913, .in many places no adequate Chris- 64 different delegations visited the tian education is provided for the American Presbyterian Mission on children of church-members, As the the Kasai, asking for Protestant Government standard of normal teachers for their villages, These training is exacting some special efcame from a radius of 500 kilometers forts need to be made to place and represe!'lt a population of I20,- the teachers in the Christian schools coo people who are successfully re- 011 a par with those in the official sisting the pressure of Romanist pro- schools. To meet this need, ·the paganda. The king of Bakuba, one five Protestant missions of various of the 1110St industrious and military nationalities are uniting to establish peoples of the Kongo, is urging his a joint Normal school at Antananpeople to attend Christian services arivo. Meanwhile the organization and to send their children to mission of the Sunday-schools is partly makschools, Translations of reading ing up for the lack of religious inbook, hy11111 book; and parts of the struction in day schools. Courses of Scriptures have already been made graded lessons and other helps are into Bakuba. used among some 500 churches in Imerina and -Betsileo. The large SOUTH AFRICA AND MADAGASCAR day schools for boys and girls in Race Distinction in South Africa Antananarivo continue to flourish; T lIE Parliament of South Africa there are over 2,500 in these schools. has recently passed a law, from – T he Student rVo1"/d.

which it is to be feared there will No Color Line result not only great social changes, C but considerable hindrance to mission- HRIST died for yellow, black, white and brown. The bringing ary work. In the future the negroes are to be allowed to live with the of a yellow, black, or brown man into whites as servants and as industrial H is kingdom will cause just as deep workers, but in other matters a sharp a joy to well up in their hearts as line must be drawn between blacks ever welled up in heart of white and whites. The negroes must settle man. The joy in heaven over one in certain specified localities, and they sinner that repenteth is absolutely and the white men are not to be al- color-blind, and heaven is just as lowed to buy land from one another. near to the celestial empire or Dark- /. commission has been appointed, to est Africa or the Isles of the Pacific

as to the United States. "God's broke out, and developed into an country" is the whole round earth, organized attack upon the Chinese and not anyone section of it.-Chrzs- quarter, resulting in grave casualties tian World. and requiring the intervention of the military. OCEAN WORLD Evangelized Islands Moslem Activity in Java T HE withdrawal of a missionary T HE N eukirchen Missionsbote re- f rom a sphere of work is usual- ports the formation by the Mo- ly a matter for regret, but this can hammedans of Java of a "Sarekat hardly be the feeling in regard to Islam," or Islamic Association, 'whose the situation at Aneityum and Fuobject is to raise the Javanese com- tuna in the New Hebrides. Dr. mercially and economically, and to Gunn, the Scotch Presbyterian misplace the movement on a religious, sionary, has, along with his wife, i.e., Mohammedan, basis, as being Jone excellent work there for the the most binding force for the mass last thirty years. When they landed of the people. The association, in Futuna it was largely a heathen which is said to number already island without a Church-member. 3~ members, held its first gen- The natives have now abandoned eral meeting in March at Surakarta, heathenism and become a Christian the place of its origin, and was at- community. The evangelization of tended by thousands of members the islands has been accomplished from neighboring districts, as well as and Dr. Gunn has now asked the by a large number of delegates from Foreign Mission Committee to withdistant auxiliaries. It was stated draw him. He has done the work at the meeting that the aim of the he was sent to do. The Committee movement would be to promote the has agreed to his suggestion and has well-being of the natives of Dutch offered him a post in the Tral1skei. Indonesia and to further the Mo- tho it is possible that after his hammedan religion by means of the long labors in the islands he may press, the opening of cooperative retire and live in New South Wales. shops and direct propaganda. The The islands will henceforward be religious character of the movement supervised by the New South Wales is to be emphasized when dealing Church. with orthodox Mohammedans, while the natives generally are to be at- Islander's Church Costume tracted by the national note. If the movement should result in the T HE Rev. Philip Delaporte degrowth of freedom and independ- scribes some native laborers ence, it would render the people ftom the Truk Lagoon in the Caromore accessible for missionary pur- lines, who were working in the Marposes, and so far might be of ad- shall Islands. When their first pay vantage to the cause of Christian day arrived a suit of European gar- Missions; but in such case consider- ments was bought. After a while able reinforcements of the staff would this first suit became filthy and be needed both for evangelistic and dirty. Result! A second suit was educational work. The missionaries ·purchased with the next money who report this development regard earned and put on top of the first. it with some anxiety, and their at- "When I saw them they had just titude has been justified by recent covered the first two garments with occurrences. At Semarang, where a third edition. Proudly adorned the auxiliary numbers some 10,000 with three suits of clothes, a pair members, fierce religious excitement of Blucher boots and with their faces painted yellow, they came to church."

ON MISSION"S

AND MISSION LANDS ANTHONY COMSTOCK, FIGHTER. By Charles noble Stanislaus and the patient Kos- G. Trumbull. Illustrated, 8vo, 240 pp. ciusko were Poles. The story of Po- $1.25. Fleming H. Revell Co., I9I3. land is a sad one, like the history of Palestine, but it has inspiration and There is nothing more thrilling or instruction for all. more heroic than this story of the battles for youth and purity fought To-day the Polish peasants are reagainst human beasts of prey. The ligious but ignorant. The customary physical courage 'displayed is only greeting with bared head is "Christ be second to the moral courage that praised," with the response, "For ever could not be intimidated either by and ever." They are slow to move and physical violence or by attacks on slow to change, so that they are crude character. but seldom vulgar. The women do much manual work and live hard, Mr. Comstock began his fight for others at eighteen years of age when cheerless lives. There is a quaint cushe hunted a mad dog in his home tom of painting hands on the wintown. He next took up the fight dow-casing of houses in which there against a dive-keeper, whose place are marriageable daughters. Christmas the boy raided single handed. The and holy week are great occasions, but smell of battle led him on to fur- the people as a whole have little real ther contests in behalf of the boys mental grasp of the Christian religion. and girls and he gradually acquired Jews are numerous and are hated by a national reputation as the foe of the so-called Christians. The reading all forms of soul-destroying vice. of Mr. 'Winter's volume will create Mr. Trumbull, the able editor of more sympathy for both Jewish and The Sunday-School Times, has graph- Catholic Poles. ically and impressively told the story of the man, his fights, his foes and THE HORIZON OF AMERICAN MISSIONS. By his victories. The character of those he seeks to put out of business Isaac Newton McCash. 12mo, 192 pp. is shown by their unscrupulous methods of attacks-the deadly con- $I.OO, net. Fleming H. Revell CO. 19I3. cealed weapons, the smallpox scabs sent by mail, the inshmating news- Dr. McCash, secretary of the Ameripaper paragraphs, and the threats against his family. It is a stirring can Christian (Disciples) Missionary story for old and young and should not only beget sympathy for the man Society, delivered these lectures in the and his work, but should raise up other fighters to continue the battle College of Missions at Indianapolis. to the finish. They give us a simple but practical, POLAND OF To-DAY AND YESTERDAY. By Nevin O. Winter. Illustrated, 8vo, 349 well-balanced survey of American pp. $3.00, net. L. C. Page & Co. Boston, Home Missionary Endeavor, the ne- I913· glected fields, the problem of the cities, In attractive style, and with sympa- and the forces at hand for the Christhetic insight, this writer has described the romance and tragedy of Polish his- tian conquest of America and of the tory. It is a land of heroes, once free but now opprest and maltreated by world. He challenges the attention of Russia; the people looked down upon by Anglo-Saxons, who forget that the Christians to the important present- day problems and needs: A spiritual Church, a united Christian Army, and a Godlike statesmanship. .

FIFTY M1SSIONABY HEROES EVERY Boy AND GIRL SHOULD KNOW. By Julia H. John- ston. 12mo, 221 pp. $1.00, net. Revell. 1913.

The word "Missionary" in front of the word "Hero" should give added zest to a boy's interest in these life stories. To physical daring is added York City. Others may obtain tbe moral courage and to a pioneer's ad- Directory, postpaid, for 2S cents.

.ventures are added persecution and a GOOSE CREEK FOLKS. By Isabel Graham noble purpose. A boy or girl must be Bush and Florence Lillian Bush. 224 pp.

indeed indifferent who will not be in- $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New terested in such men as Ziesberger York, I9I2.

among the Indians or Melinda Rankin The mountains of Kentucky have among the Mexicans; and a child will been the favorite field for many story- be lamentably ignorant who knows not writers in quest of picturesque mate- the names and deeds of such men as rial. The peculiar dialect of the Cyrus Hamlin, David Livingstone, and "Highlanders of the South," their Marcus Whitman, or such women as vices and virtues, feuds, passions and Charlotte Tucker, Eleanor Chestnut, prejudices offer varied attractions to and Eliza Agnew. There are 50 of the reader of fiction.

them-all friends worth knowing, and The present volume deals with new their stories are simply told if not conditions in the Kentucky mountains, always in a literary style best adapted where the boys and girls are eagerly to children. responding to the educational oppor~ TOURIST DIRECTORY OF CHRISTIAN WORK. tunities offered by missionary and philanthropic schools. Already intel- Illustrated. Traveler's guide to mission- lectual and manual training of the ary institutions in the Far East, India young people have had an uplifting and Egypt. Issued by a committee (Rob- ert E. Speer, chairman) appointed by the influence on the morality of many a Conference of all the Foreign Mission Boards of North America. 1913. mountain community. Feuds have This is a valuable booklet to direct been peaceably settled, and families tourists in Asia to the places where religious services are conducted in En- long at war with each other nOw english and to the most interesting foreign missionary operations. The in- gage in friendly rivalry to secure at troductory articles by Dr. Arthur J. any sacrifice the coveted "l'arnin' " for Brown deal with criticisms of missions their children. <• and explain the various kinds of CIu-btian work abroad. The Directory This story describes the transformcovers Japan, Korea, China, the Philippines, Singapore, Burma, India, and ing' effect of education on so<;~al life Egypt. in the mountains, which musfiesult This Directory will be welcomed by in developing a new people, no1'onger every Christian traveler. We hope that a future edition will be even more content to lead a lazy, animal' -existcomplete and will contain a map. It would be helpful also if there were a ence, but inspired by high ideal~; am- 110te of tourist agencies in the East where guides to missions may be ob- bitions, and spiritual aims. T!i~au­ tained. thors have produced a study thatr~aqs like a faithful transcript of life as it is, without any fictional coloring. The characters are vital and interesting, drawn with unaffected realism from intimate observation. The story is handled with considerable skill'and artistic restraint.

The booklet is for free distribution THE BOOK OF BABIES. Child Life in Mis- to travelers in Asia. Copies may be sionary Lands. By Mary Entwistle. obtained from pursers or librarians on Illustrated. 6d., net. London Missionthe steamers of the principal Trans- ary Society. 1913.

Pacific and English-Indian lines and. This little book about babies of from the leading tourist agencies ina,; China, Africa, Persia, Japan, Burma, few of the seaports of Asia. Copie~; India and othEr lands gives just the will also be mailed free to those about!', material that mothers and teachers of to sail to Asia who write to the Anglo..;' small children will find useful in American Communities Committee, teaching their EttIe ones about other Room 806, IS6Fifth Avenue, New babies.

NEW BOOKS THE KEEPER OF THE VINEYARD. A Tale of W-IN NING A PRIMITIVE PEOPLE. Sixteen the Ozarks. By Caroline Abbot Stanley.

Years' Work among the Warlike Tribe Illustrated, 12mo, 344 pp. $1.25, fief. of the Ngoni and the Senga and Tum- buka Peoples of Central America. By Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. Donald Fraser. Illustrated, cloth. $1.50, LOVE STORIES OF GREAT MISSIONARIES. By net. E. P. Dutton & Co;, New York, Belle M. Brain. Illustrated, 16mo, 75 pp. 1913. A MISSIONARY'S LIFE IN THE LAND OF THE 50 cents. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. GODS. By Isaac Dooman. Illustrated, THE P AR~BLE OF THE CHERRIES. By Edward 12mo. $2.00, net; postage, 15 cents. Rich- ard G. Badger, Boston, 1913. A. Stemer. Illustrated, r6mo., 64 pp. SPIRITUAL CONQUEST ALONG THE ROCKIES. By Rev. William Niccolls Sloan, Ph.D. 5? cents. Fleming H. Revell Co., New 12mo, 242 pp. $1.25, net. George H. York, 1913. Doran Co., New York, 1913. OUT OF THE ABYSS. The Autobiography of EVERLASTING PEARL. One of China's one who was dead and is alive again. With a preface by the Rev. George Ste- Women.. By Anna Magdalena Johann- ven, D.D. Introduction by Gypsy Smith. sen. W Itl: ~ Preface by Walter B. Sloan. 12mO, 282 pp. $1.25, net. George H. Illustp' ~d, 16mo, III pp. China Inland Doran Company, New York, 1913. Mis~ -.1n, Philadelphia, 1913. AN HEROIC BISHOP. The Life-Story of French of Lahore. By Eugene Stock. HABEEB THE BELOVED. A Tale of Life in Illustrated, 12mo, 127 pp. 2S., net. Hod- der & Stoughton, New York, 1913. Modern Syria. By William S. Nelson, ANTHONY COMSTOCK, FIGHTER. By Charles G. Trumbull. Illustrated. I2mo, cloth. D.D. Illustrated, 16mo, 102 pp. 75 cents, $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York,1913. net. Westminster Press, Philadelphia, ESSENTIAL MISSIONARY PRINCIPLES. By Roland Allen, M.A. I2mo, cloth. $I.OO, 1913. net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. HEPBURN OF JAPAN AND HIS WIFE AND A S'fUDY OF THE THLINGLETS OF ALASKA. By Livin~ston F. Jones. I2mo, cloth, illus- HELPMATES. A Life Story of Toil for trated. :jiI.50, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. Christ. By William Elliot Gdffis, D.D., L.H.D. Illustr~ted, 12mo, 238 pp. $1.50, FIFTY MISSIONARY HEROES EVERY Bo¥ AND GIRL SHOULD KNOW. By Julia H. John- net. Presbytenan Board of Publication ston. Illustrated, 12mo, cloth. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. Philadelphia, 1913. '

THE HORIZON OF AMERICAN MISSIONS. By BRIGHAM YOUNG AND HIS MORMON EM- 1. N. McCash. I2mo, cloth. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1913. PIRE. By Frank J. Cannon and George L Knapp" I!!ustrated, 12mo, 398 pp. $1.50; THE NEW AMERICA. Home Missionary net. Flemmg H. Revell Co., New York, Study Course. By Mary Clark Barnes and Dr. Lemuel C. Barnes. Illustrated, 1913. 121110, cloth. 50 cents, net (postage, 7 cents), paper, 3OC. (postage, 5 cents). NINETy-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Fleming H. Revell Co., N ew York, 1913. A~[ERICA~ BIBLE SOCIETY, 1913. Together THE CONTINUATION COMMITTEE CONFER- S90 With a List of Auxiliary Societies Their ENCES IN ASIA, 1912-1913. A Brief Ac- Officers, and An Appendix. 8vo pp. count of the Conferences, together with their findings and lists of Members. 8vo, American Bible Society, New Y drk, 1913.

418 pp. Published by the Chairman of THE RETURN OF THE LORD JESUS. The Key the Continuation Committee, New York, to the Scripture, and the Solution of All 1913. Our Political and Social Problems or THE PASSING OF THE DRAGON. The Story The Golden Age that is Soon Coming to the Earth. By R. A. Torrey, D.D. -16mo, c. of the Shensi Revolution and Relief Ex~ 160 pp. Bible Institute of Los Angeles, pedition. By J. Keyte, M.A. Illus- trated,Bvo, 3II pp. Hodder & Stough- 1913. ton, London, 1913. ELECTRIC MESSAGES. The Official Organ of THE MAN OF EGYPT. By Clayton Sedgwick Cooper, M.A. Illustrated, 8vo, 300 pp. The Oriental Missionary Society. N 0- Hodder & Stoughton, New York and vember, 1912. Tokyo, Japan. London, 1913. PRESBYTERIAN FOREIGN MISSIONS INVEST- MENT. Board of Foreign Missions – 156 Fifth Ave., New York City. '

FINANCING THE WAGE-EARNER'S FAMILY.

A Survey of the Facts Bearing on In- come and Expenditures in the Families of American Wage-Earners. By Scott Nearing. 12mo, 171 pp. $1.25, net. B. "1. Huebsch, New York, 1913.

ST. AUGUSTINE, THE MISSIONARY. By Sir Henry Howarth, KC.I.E., D.C.L. Illus- trated, cloth, 8vo. $3.50, net. E. _Po Dut- ton & Co., New York, 1913.- A CHUltCH IN THE WILDS. A Story of the Establishment of the_ South American In- dian Mission among the hitherto Savage and Intracable Natives of the Paraguay- an Chaco. By W. Barbrooke Grubb. Illustrated, cloth, 12mo. $1.50, net. E. P. Dutton & Co., New York, 1913.

The Missionary Review of the World — May 1911

fJliss{onary CJ(ev{ew

of the World VOL. XXXIV. No.5 ::fAY, 19II VOL. XXIV. No.5 Old Series New Series SIGNS OF THE TIMES PROGRESS TOWARD PEACE of Churches of Christ in America Great interest has been aroused in asked that April 2 be observed as America and Europe by the proposal Peace Sunday, and hundreds of serof President Taft that an arbitration mons were preached in the interest treaty be drawn up to abolish the pos- of the good will and peace on earth sibility of war between Great Britain proclaimed at the birth of Christ. To and America. This suggestion has raise funds for the propaganda a unibeen favorably received in England, versal "peace stamp," containing the and if adopted will mean that every legend "Pax Mundi," was proposed at subject of dispute must necessarily be a peace banquet in Paris, and the sugsubmitted to arbitration. The British gestion was enthusiastically received. Foreign Secretary, Sir Edward Grey, and Mr. Balfour, have spoken in favor On January 30th a "Peace Society" of such an agreement, and the people was organized in Japan to foster of both countries are heartily in favor friendly feeling between Japan and of its speedy adoption. The civilized the United States. nations may well be ashamed of the THE OUTLOOK IN CHINA rivalry in the increase of armaments Both good and ill reports come and means of national defense. With from Cnina. The generosity of dreadnaught battleships, costing $10,- Christians in America and Europe has 000,000 each, and out of date before helped to relieve the famine distress, they have ever been used in war, men and has been the means of saving may well pause to consider the useless- thousands of lives. Many of these ness of idle soldiers, marines and im- will, we doubt not, be rescued not plements of warfare. This year Great only for time but for eternity. The Britain appropriated over $300,000,000 plague is also reported under control, for the up-keep of the army and navy. and, it is hoped, will be stamped out 1£ the Anglo-Saxon nations would before it spreads further. An Inter- agree on a peace policy and for a plan national Medical Conference met at for policing the world, they could soon Mukden on April 30, to investigate bring other nations into harmony or the situation and the best methods of cow them into submission. It is time treating this pneumonic plague. Sev- that right and not might should de- eral of the doctors who were devoting termine international questions as themselves to the stricken people be- well as domestic relations. The came themselves victims because of Council of Free Churches in Great lack of knowledge of this epidemic.

Britain and the Federal Council Now it is better understood, and the

work of the doctors is said to have city, put up their advertisements and opened a new medical era in China- engaged agents for the sale of their modern science taking the place of goods. The chief of the expedition ancient methods. is a German who has been working in China eleven years, and his younger The agitation against foreigners is companion is an Englishman. still strong in many quarters, but out- Sensible Chinese refuse to use a cerbreaks are not frequent. Only last tain kind of the cigarets which are month, however, Rev. John Murray, offered and given away in vast quanof Tsinall-fu, a missionary of the tities, because they believe that they American Presbyterian Board, who contain something like opium. They went out in 1875, was attacked by a say that the users of these cigarets are mob and severely injured, because worse off than the smokers of opium some one maliciously started a rumor (even than opium fiends), because that he had stolen a child. they are unable to give up the smoking of these seductive cigarets, and be- The agitation against opium con- cause the cigarets are more extinues, but it must not be supposed pensive than opium. Yet great quanthat there is a general sentiment tities of them are being bought, and among the Chinese against its use; Christians and friends (and all Chiand other evils from the West are nese) should be warned against the coming in to take the place of opium. poison which is offered to them in a modern garb." One of the missionaries of the Basel Missionary Society writes from In spite of opposition and difficul- Lilong, China, on January 2: "The ties, however, there is a warm feeling latest here is that the Chinese have of hopefulness among Chinese Chriscommenced to cut off their cues. tians. Direct evangelistic work is be- It is reported that an imperial edict ing more and more emphasized in concerning it has been issued, but we many missions, and less dependence is have not read it. The vice of opium- placed on secular education as a means smoking shows little improvement, of saving China. The missionaries and eyen officials continue to smoke. are seeking in bringing relief to those The hatred of foreigners has not de- stricken with famine and plague, in creased with the enlightening of the reforms and education, by example people; it is more intensive, rather. and by precept, to become all things The conditions in the interior are as to all men in order that they may uncertain as before, and it becomes truly represent Christ, and that by all more difficult to rent or to build means they may save some. chapels. Secret societies continue to agitate, and we might well be afraid, OTHER SIGNS IN CHINESE MISSIONS if we knew not that our Lord has all power in heaven and on earth." As an example of what is going on in more than one station in China, Another missionary of the same so- one missionary to China reports that ciety writes from Ronyen: "Two hap- seventy-five have been added to the pily rare guests arrived here, the rep- membership, and the increase has resentatives of an English-American been constant. "The old chapel is far tobacco company. They distributed cigarets upon the market and in the

j SIGNS OF THE TIMES 32

too small to seat the members, not to Bishop J. W. Bashford says that mention the many inquirers who try to hear, who are packed around the "probably the Chinese Empire made entrance, and standing in the street. more progress during last year than The members· have put down $r,350 any other nation on the globe." In to buy a site, and are also contributing justification of this opinion he cites toward the purchase of the material three matters of prime importance: for the new building. One man gave First, the beginning of representative $250, and every member, including government in this old despotism; secthe women, have given sums of from ond, the abolition of slavery, and, $50 to $75. The church is entirely third, the progress of the opium reself-supporting. At another place the form. In reference to the first, Prince members have purchased a site, and Chun, the Regent. has abolished the will give the larger part of a sum custom of the Chinese prostrating sufficient to build a chapel. themselves Defore their sovereign, also the method of raising money for the In Shanghai thirty-four new mem- Government by means of lotteries. The bers have been received into the Low- most marked progress has been made rie Memorial Church. At the last ill its efforts to abolish the opium communion ~bout 25 applied for ad- traffic and consumption. Ten years mIssIon. Twenty-nine adults and IO had been set for the cessation of both. children were baptized, and there is At the present time it is calculated that now a membership of 201, of which China should have had a decrease of more are men than women. They 40 per cent., but it has actually have this year paid out over $800 for achieved a larger decrease, says pastor and assistant pastor, home mis- Bishop Bashford. Chinese officiais sionary work, etc., and different mem- sometimes cut off the heads of those bers are giving much toward other persons who will not obey the edicts. subjects. The Women's Missionary This quite effectively deters others. Society gave their Christmas offering China is evidently in earnest about her toward the support of a Bible woman opium reform. in Korea. A CHRISTIAN CONGRESS IN INDIA Miss Lee, an Anglican missionary in China, reports that a revolution is The Indo-Christian congress met taking place there that in its far- in Madras (October loth to 15th). reaching results is more like a resur- in the interest of closer cooperation of rection from the dead than an awa- the native Christians of India. Rekening from the sleep of centuries. gardless of differences in creed they The Chinese in high station no longer met to plan for united evangelistic stand apart in proud isolation, but, on effort. Many Christians of all dethe contrary, show an eagerness to nominations attended and not only did help that is almost pathetic. During the members of the congress listen the past five years the educational sys- to many spiritual lectures but they tem has been entirely changed, and also preached the Gospel to large instead of simply teaching the classics masses of heathens, who were atof Confucius, schools along Western tracted by the meeting. The congress lines are rapidly springing up. was an expression of the increasing desire of Indian Christians to make

use of that strength which men com- Christians represent the second and monly believe to be in what they call third generations. Both in their cen- union, but it was also a proof of the tennial gifts to the Board and in their growing consciousness of the native annual contributions for the work, Christians of their personal responsi- we catch glimpses of their financial bility for the evangelization of the ability and their readiness to give of multitudes of heathens in their own their substance for the upbuilding of country. Thus it should be greeted the Kingdom. Is not this sign of with joy. promise from Ceylon, an indication that erelong not a few missions will ENCOURAGING WORK IN CEYLON be wholly in the hands of the Chris- In connection with the centennial tians in the field to support and to anniversary of the American Board manage and extend?

the Ceylon Mission sent a letter of THE JAPANESE POLICY IN KOREA congratulation, with a thank-offering of 4,000 rupees ($1,300). The mis- The Resident-General, Viscount Tesionary sending it exprest the opinion rauchi, is quoted as making this fathat no offering taken in that region vorable statement in reference to the ever received such hearty and general Japanese attitude toward religious support. "Several heads of families liberty in Korea: desired that each member should share in the offering; and there were cases "Freedom of religion will always of poor people selling some of their be respected, and I am ready to extend belongings in order to contribute." due protection and facilities to the The Madura Mission also sent a propagation of all religious doctrines, thank-offering of $1,000, with this an- provided they do not interfere with nouncement appended: "Following politics. I am one of those who fully the noble example of the American appreciate the good works of foreign Board, the churches of the mission missionaries, and as we have the have established a home mission in same object in view as they, the im- Konganadu in realization of the re- proving of the general conditions of sponsibility that lies on them, are the people, their work will by no maintaining it on their own support, means be subject to any inconveand up to this time have spent over nience. I need scarcely say that all the half a lac of rupees for the work vested rights of foreign residents will be fully respected."

($16,400)." In this mission are found THE PLAN OF CAMPAIGN IN JAPAN 6,633 communicants, 21,105 ad- T4e last annual meeting of the herents, and 10,387 pupils in the Council of Presbyterian and Reformed schools. The native contributions Missions working in Japan, coopera- amount to $6,033 annually. In the ting with the Church of Christ in Ceylon mission are 2,025 communi- Japan, which represent over one hun- cants, with 10,935 pupils in the schools, dred and fifty Presbyterian and Re- and contribution reaching $10,793. formed missionaries working among Work was begun in Ceylon in 1816, the Japanese people, have decided and in r834 in the Madura district. that since fully three-fourths of the In both missions therefore the native population of Japan are rural and

OF THE

have never yet enjoyed even an inade- where he began his labors sixty-five quate presentation of the gospel, to years ago. In that same town the gift evangelize this rural population, two and bequest of $I5,000 from an Afri- or even three times as many mis- can layman who died at Lagos a few sionaries as are now on the field are years ago, and further donations from imperatively needed. his daughter, have provided the plant They therefore call for reenforce- for an industrial mission. Part of the ments of missionaries to labor princi- work at Onitsha and the whole of that pally in towns and country. The Jap- done under the Diocesan Synod at anese Christians themselves say that it Lagos and Abeokuta is supported by is extremely desirable that American the African Christians.

Christians should once more exercise A different story comes from Ni- the solicitude for the spiritual condi- geria and Lagos, where the building tion of this island empire, that was so of a mosque at Lagos costing $50,000 marked a feature of their attitude demonstrates the hold that Islam has when the country was first opened. in that place. There is now a mosque Special effort should be put forth in every village throughout the J ebu to make plain to missionary volunteers country, which in 1892 was wholly the urgent call to self-sacrificing serv- pagan, and for several years was open ice presented by the unevangelized to the Christian evangelist before Ismillions of J apan-a call second to lam came on the scene. In the light of none other in the world. these facts, Bishop Tugwell says that if we do not utilize present opportuni- CHRIST AND MOHAMMED IN WEST ties in this part of Nigeria in the next AFRICA ten years they will have passed never Bishop Tugwell, of the Church to recur again. -"'–.

Missionary Society, gives an intensely THE MEXICAN DISTURBANCES encouraging report of progress within The uprising in Mexico against the his vast diocese in Western Equatorial government of President Diaz is more Africa. He is able to record 2,800 extensive and serious than was at first baptisms during last year, and IO,OOO expected. While the most active re- inquirers being under instruction, and bellion has been in the State of Chi- 1,800 who have been confirmed. The huahua, the other States are largely mission schools are overflowingly full, disaffected. Many of the missionaries so that he is unable to meet the grow- are cut off from their friends at home, ing demand for teachers. One of the and some of the Protestant Christians most striking and cheering features have joined the insurgents in what is that the African Christians are sub- they believe to be a fight for liberty.

scribing $80,000 a year toward self- Many railroad bridges have been de- support; perhaps the secret of this stroyed, and some cities are in a state generosity is the fact that they admin- of siege. Some anxiety is felt lest the ister their own finances. At Abeo- closing down of smelting works, mines kuta a spacious and handsome gram- and factories should throw many out mar school is being built by the people of employment, lead to poverty and at a cost of $20,000-a memorial of consequent riots, robbery and other Bishop Crowther, rising on the spot lawlessness.

Some mission schools fear the fail- is that they attended the services of ure of provisions for their pupils. the strangers. Occasionally a death, Thus far missionaries and their fam- and the hopelessness of heathenism ilies are considered safe; but if the when it stands in the presence of the United States troops now on the Mex- dead, cause a willingness of the people ican border should be obliged to inter- to listen to the story of the love of fere, it is probable that such antag- Christ, hut such willingness is shortonism would be aroused that women lived, and the missionary is refused a and children would be safer out of the hearing when he returns. A missioncountry. ary tells of a meeting in which the hearers seemed much interested and IN THE DUTCH EAST INDIES were listening attentively, but at the close of the address an aged priest The missionaries of the Rhenish arose and cried out in great excite- Missionary Society, in the Dutch East ment : "We will not change our cus- Indies, are finding great encourage- toms; neither we nor our children, ment in certain places. Upon Su- lest we die." The audience immedimatra the progress of Islam seems to ately applauded him, and the impreshave been definitely checked, espe- sions made by the sermon were seemcially in the country of the Pakpak, ingly destroyed. where a number of Mohammedan prayer-houses have been permitted to NATIONAL AWAKENING UPON JAVA go to ruin. In one place, at least, the people are erecting a building for a From Java comes the news of a missionary school. Their chief is bit- national movement among the natives terly opposed to everything connected of the higher class. They have foundwith Christianity. In Borneo, the ed an organization, Budi Utama, harvest of souls in the district of the which starts branches everywhere, and upper Kahajan River has been very has already thousands of members. rich in the past few years. The Its purpose is the starting of daily or churches are crowded with Christian weekly papers for the propagation of and heathen natives, while the audi- its ideals, which consist in better and ences only a few years ago used to more general education, by multiplicaconsist of the missionary and two tion of common schools and founding Christian natives. of higher schools, and in the elevation of the whole social life of the Java- From the Mentawei Islands comes nese. Tho the movement is not at all news of discouragements and difficul- a religious movement, but simply the ties. The natives are much opposed manifestation of a thirst for worldly to strangers, and their opposition goes knowledge, it is a hopeful sign, and so far that even those who were healed seems to show that, like other Eastern through the instrumentality of the nations, the Javanese are awaking missionaries afterward deny it, be- from their lethargy and indifference. cause it was a stranger and a foreigner It should make the missionaries of who did it. If sickness starts in a vil- the Neukirchen Missionary Society, lage, it is said at once that it came who are laboring among the Javanese, because the strangers, the mission- watchful, however. aries, entered the village. If some die, the reason given for their death

A. MUTE APPEAL: BAD CASES OF ANESTHETIC LEPROSY, SABATHU, NEAR SIMLA

A neW Asylum is being built here, paid for by the Government and the Mission to Lepers, jointly.

THE LEPERS OF THE WORLD * BY JOHN JACKSON, F.R.G.S., LONOON, ENGLA ND Author of "Mary Reed," "In Leper Land," "Lepers," etc.

The lepers of the world! Scattered In a brief article, many of the dethrough all countries, and belonging tails of deep interest, which would be to practically every race, one condi- essential to an exhaustive handling tion is common to them all-that of of the subject, must needs be omitted, unspeakable suffering and unmitiga- and facts must be condensed and figted misery, save where that suffering ures only approximate. Reliable stais relieved and that misery alleviated tistics are difficult to procure in all by the kindly hand of Christian phi- lands, and impossible in many. More lanthropy or, in a lesser degree, by than any other class, the lepers evade that of a humane government. In enumeration in the census, and in some cases a happy combination of lands such as India, where official figthese two is accomplishing what either, ures are given, the census officials single-handed, might fail to do. themselves admit the statistics to be • Since undertaking to prepare an article on the "Lepers of the World," I have added to whatever Qualincalion I ulay have formerly possest the experiences of a tour through the great lands of the Orient, in which this foul scourge still afflicts humanity. Hawaii, Japan, Chi na, Malay States, Burma and India have been visited; India for the second time. In an age of easy and rapjd travel, a round· the-world tonr is a com paratively common experience, but such a tour, having for its main objective to ascertain the needs and numbers of the lepers, was certainly unusual, and probably unique. This long and profoundly interesting journey enables the author to write with first·band knowledge of the lazars of these lands, and will explain to the reader why, from time to time, the narrative takes a personal form.-I. 1.

unreliable and, for the most part, un- tinctly dangerous. To these proba- derstated. ble modes of contamination must bE. added other factors in the spread of Considerable misconception prevails the disease, notably among crowded as to this dreaded and dreadful mal- and colored popUlations; insanitary ady. In August, I909, a representa- conditions, impure and insufficient tive World Conference of Leprolo- food, intermarriage, immorality, and gists assembled at Bergen, Norway. kindred causes undoubtedly contribute This gathering embraced alike the to propagate and perpetuate this leaders of scientific research on the scourge of humanity. subject and experts in the practical treatment of the leper, and their find- Tho the crusade conducted by med- ings may be accepted as the most au- ical science against disease has gained thoritative announcement as to the notable triumphs in other directions, disease. They declared leprosy to be leprosy is still an unconquered foe. contagious from person to person, but But it is with profound satisfaction not hereditary. While admitting that that real and recent progress can be no remedy had yet been discovered reported. The microbe of the disease that resulted in positive and perma- -the bacillus lepra-was isolated and nent recovery, the conference held identified by Professor Hansen, of that recent research gave ground for Bergen, in I874, but this elusive germ hoping that a cure might be found in has for thirty-six years baffled all at- the not distant future. This opinion, tempts at the cultures that are indis- that the disease is contagious but not pensable to the preparation of a curacongenital, is borne out by the experi- tive serum. Many skilled bacterioloence gained by the Mission to Lepers gists had abandoned the attempt to during the thirty-six years in which find a medium in which the germ it has been sheltering and relieving could be reproduced, before it was outcast lepers, and rescuing and train- announced from Honolulu, in August, ing their healthy children. The pre- 19IO, that this part of the problem cise mode of transmission may be had been solved, and that cultures to matter of debate, but of the fact there to the third generation, at least, had can be no doubt. Insects probably been successfully made. Personally, I play a part in conveying the germ am not surprized that from the wellfrom the open sores of the leper known settlement on the island of to the uninfected. Then, inhalation Molokai should have come tidings of is strongly suspected, and with good this success. The elaborate and grounds, in view of the presence of highly equipped leprosarium, nearly the bacilli in large masses in the nasal ready for its work when I visited it discharges of the victims. The un- at the end of I908, filled me with hope suspected consumption of the food that the generosity of the United touched by a leper, or the handling States Government in erecting this or wearing of some tainted article, splendid research station, and the are probably means of infection in skill of its medical staff, would result some cases. Actual contact with a in real advance on the way to actual leper in an advanced stage while in a cure. And so it has proved, and to lowered state of health would be dis- Doctors Brinckerboff, HolIman and

LEPERS OF THE

C urrie mankind will o we a deep debt Il' ere nearly 2 0 0 cases 111 1897, while lOf gratitude if this important, tho still the principal ports were credited with (only preliminary, success is crow ned numbers scarcely less in proportion b y the discovery of an actual cure. to population. On the Mediterranean We may certainly hope that such a coast and in southern France distinct <cure has at least been brought withilJ measurable distance by this hith erto n.tnattained result.

It was said of the late Cecil Rhodes that he was accustomed to "think in <continents ." In treating our present t opic, we must so far emulate him as to deal with the lepers of the worl d ;tinder the division of continents. T o these must be added Oceania, s ince :in many fair islands washed by the 'waves of all the oceans this hideous foe of mankind has found a stronghold. By adopting the usual order of enumeration-namely, Europe, As ia, A frica and America-it will be found that it enables us to deal with our sllbject in the historical and chronological order, on which account mainly it is selected.

Leprosy in Europe SANDHU, A CH RI STIAN LEP ER The principal nations of W estern A typ ical case of anesthetic leprosy in the Cham· Europe are, happily, in our day free ba Asylum, India from th e scourge, except for a certain and not inconsiderable, number of im- foci of the disease were recognized as ported cases. These naturally gravi- recently as 190I. Tho regarded as tate to the capital cities, so that the practically extinct since the sevensomewhat striking statement of Sir teenth century, in Germany, leprosy Jonathan Hutchinson, that there are reappeared in 1880 in the district of at any time dozens of lepers in Lon- M emel, around which a considerable don, may be true, tho not easy of area bordering on the Russian fronproof. As the chief city of an empire. tier was found to be affected. In in many of whose colonies the disease 1908, the hospital at Memel was treatis rife, London is a center to which ing fifteen cases, while as many more its victims would naturally gravitate. were known to exist in other parts The writer has, without any effort to discover them, seen at least four cases in London during as many years, and has heard of several others.

In Paris, it was estimated that there

of Germany. Norway is well known dangerously prevalent, the number of as the last country on the European cases in Constantinople being esti- continent in which leprosy has lin- mated at fully 500. Somewhat similar gered to an extent comparable to its conditions prevail in Rumania, Monte- hold on all Europe during the Middle negro, and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Ages. By the policy of isolation, how- The same principle of a low sanitary ever, combined with an improved di- and social standard, together with a etary, and better sanitary conditions, high percentage of lepers, may be the number of segregated cases has traced in the less liberal Catholic steadily declined during the past half- countries of Europe, namely, Spain century from about 3,000 to less than and Portugal. Altho lepers are to be 500. The other Scandinavian coun- found all over Spain, only three cities tries are affected in a milder degree, -Malaga, Granada and Seville- but in Iceland and Finland many make any provision for them. In cases are to be found, and in the for- other parts of the country they are mer country a new leprosery was built driven out to the mountains or to twelve years ago, and a law of com- obscure hiding-places. Recently, in pulsory isolation enacted. twenty parishes of Valencia, there Russia probably contributes the were 120 cases. In Portugal the po- largest number of lepers to the Euro- sition is even more grave. Criminal pean total, and this not merely owing carelessness prevails on the part of the to her vast area and population, but authorities, and no official statistics unhappily also to the serious preva- are available, but a well-known physi- lence of the disease in many parts of cian of Oporto stated that in 1903 at the empire. In 1888 it was known to least 2,000 cases were known, many exist in a serious degree in twenty- being employed, to his knowledge, as eight provinces or governments. In bakers, barbers and shop-boys. Fal- 1902 the Imperial Government insti- cao declared in 1904 that it was tuted a system of cooperation with proved that Portugal shared with local medical bodies for investigation, Spain and Turkey the distinction of and care of lepers in each leprous dis- being the most tainted countries of trict. It was decided to erect an asy- Europe.

lum near St. Petersburg for ninety- Tho this rapid review of the posi- three cases. The highest percentage tion in Europe was essential in or- is said to be in the Baltic provinces, der to justify our title, the missionary as many as 823 cases being reported aspect of our subject does not in Livonia in 1899. There are sev- emerge in connection with it, as no eral asylums in different parts of special religious provision is made Russia. The close connection be- by the Church for European lepers in tween leprosy and the conditions ari- our day. This is probably due, not sing from non-progressive government so much to indifference to the fate of is suggested by the greater prevalence these sufferers as to their relatively of the disease in the more backward small numbers among the populations European countries. In lands sub- at least of Protestant countries. In ject to Ottoman influence, such as the lands still loyal to the Roman Turkey and Bulgaria, the disease is faith there appears to be a sphere of service awaltlTIg a new St. Francis, saries, or hospitals, and were intended but the devotion that erected lazar- for the protection of the healthy. houses and ministered to their occupants in medieval times seems lack- Leprosy in Asia ing in the twentieth century-at least in Europe. The prevalence of the As the aim of this article is to scourge in the Middle Ages and the treat the topic from the standpoint of charity of the Church of that day are Christian philanthropy, and not merealike evidenced by the fact that dur- ly to furnish certain bald facts and ing the twelfth and thirteenth cen- figures, we shall deal with a few of turies as many as 22,000 lazar-houses the more important Asiatic conntries were built and endowed. These were in such a way that they may be realmost invariably priories, or relig- garded as more or less representative ious hospitals, and their number tes- of the rest. This will, we believe, be tifies to the practical philanthropy of more informing to the reader than medieval times. So completely was would a mere list of countries accomthe leper cut off from the life of his panied by figures which must needs healthy fellow men, that the Church be largely conjectural, especially in compiled a service specially for use in the cases of the more obscure oriental his expulsion from the city or vil- races. Jn pursuing this plan, we shall lage. It was virtually a burial service find that the missionary aspect of the for one socially dead. Beginning at matter comes naturally into view. as the doomed man's dwelling, the sec- it is in the leading lands of the Orient ond stage takes place in the Church, that Christianity has most manifested where, kneeling on one black pall and its Master's spirit toward these sons covered by another, the outcast makes of affliction. his final confession, and participates in the sacrament of the Holy Supper INDIA claims a painful preeminence for the last time. This ceremony as being the most leprous land in the ended, he is conducted to the gate of world. From time immemorial its the city, or the outskirts of the vil- millions have been decimated by lage, and there the priest lays on him the scourge that one of its most disthe leper's Ten Commandments, the tinguished proconsuls, Lord Dufferin, decalog prepared for the occasion. stigmatized as "the open sore of In- The first of these forbids him to ever dia." Tho its administration by again enter a church, a market-place, Great Britain, particularly during the a mill, a bake-house, or any assembly past half-century, has been the admiof the people; another forbids him to ration, if not the envy, of other nago outdoors without his special leper's tions, it must be admitted that its garb and clappers to warn others of leper problem has so far only been his approach; others prohibit his partially solved. Other questions touching infants or children ("who- have proved more pressing; plague, ever they may be"), or eating or poverty, famine, have absorbed the drinking with any but lepers. Harsh attention of the authorities and as seem these restrictions, they were emptied the exchequer. Yet even the tempered by the provision of lepro- leper's cry has not been entirely un- regarded, and by cooperation between the authorities and the Mission to MH. V. II. J'. A;;rDf.HSON , SuPERINTENDENT OF THE CHANDKURI ASYL"C~I The native Indians are the mission staff of heal tl1Y workers.

Lepers in India and the East, a yearly affliction is a curse from his gods; increasing number of homeless out- regarded as an unclean outcast by his casts are being sheltered, relieved and kindred; disabled from self-support; evangelized. the privileges of caste and family for- feited, no ingredient seems left out Probably in no department of mis- of his cup of sorrow and suffering. sionary effort is the essential contrast But as an inmate of a Christian asybetween Christianity and the creeds lum, these conditions are to an asof the East more strikingly displayed tonishing extent absolutely reversed. than in their respective attitude to the Here not only does shelter and symleper. When, in 1846, the Punjab was pathy await him, but he becomes a taken over by the British, a district member of a new brotherhood, whose officer assembled the head men of his law is love; he tastes the joy of spirivillages, and closed his speech by tual cleansing and eternal hope, and saying: "Listen to my three new com- his bodily sufferings, while not termandments: minated, are largely alleviated.

Thou shalt not burn thy widows. The statistical difficulty is not ab- Thou shalt not kill thy daughters. sent in the case of India; it is only Thou shalt not bury alive thy lepers! less acute than in lands like China and Africa. In presenting the following "This barbarous practise [he adds] figures as illustrating the decline of had been universal under Indian rule leprosy in India during the past -permitted in the superstitious belief thirty years, it has to be remembered that it insured the disease not spread- that even on the authority of their ing to other members of the family." authors, they are only approximate, While positive barbarities of this kind and certainly understated. The folare no longer permitted, the lot of lowing is a specimen of many similar the Hindu leper is one of unmitigated misery. Taught by his creed that his notes appended to the census reports census enumerations of Indian lepers of 1901: "An inquiry into the infir- (a new one will be taken early in mities of the members of a household 19 I1 ) : is always a delicate and difficult matter, and it is doubly difficult in a coun- Census of 1881 .. . ……… . … . 131,618 try where the people are very sensitive Census of 1891 ……………. . 114,239 on the subject of their women-folk, Census of 1901. ……….. . … . 97,340 and intensely dislike admitting that Census of 1911 (estimated) … . . 82,000 they have any personal blemishes or are suffering from disease, especially The steady and gratifying decrease from so loathsome a disease as lep- in the total may be compared withrosy. That there have been omis- as it is assuredly connected withsions, more especially among the fe- the marked increase in the numbers males, is certain. The return is no segregated in mission asylums and doubt incomplete, since leprosy carries government institutions: 1887, numwith it certain social disabilities, and ber of inmates, 1,998; 1910, number there is naturally great reluctance to of inmates, 6,835. That this adadmit the existence of this dreadful vance is due to missionary effort, disease. Incipient cases, too, are rather than government action, is bound to be overlooked, for the leper clear from the extent to which the himself is often ignorant of the fact work of the Mission to Lepers in Inthat he has the taint-(Rajputana)." dia has developed during the period.

With this qualification, it is encour- In 1894 the society was supporting aging to note the results of three in India eleven asylums, containing about 500 lepers. In 19II, the asy- lums number forty-two, and the A CHURCH OF LEPERS AT THE NAIN ASYLUM, ALLAHADAD) INDIA Dr. West, the medical officer, is on the left, playing the accordion. The woman in front is Miss Francis, a teacher, wbo became a leper when just about to take up the work of Bible woman. lepers' 3,788. To these must be added government, which thus attains its obthe twenty-one homes for the un- ject in the segregation and sympatainted children of leprous parents, in thetic care of the lepers. Authorities which about 500 boys and girls are of the standing of Lord Curzon, Bishbeing brought up to healthy and use- op Welldon and Sir Andrew Fraser ful lives, and saved from adding to have endorsed the work of the misthe terrible total of diseased outcasts. sion in words of warm approval.

United action on the part of the India must be understood to in- Indian Government and the Mission clude Burma and Ceylon, as in these SAVED FROM CONTAGION. UNTAINTED CHILDl{EN OF LEPERS Inmates of the Home of :Th.iission to Lepers at Tarn Taran, Punjab, India.

to Lepers merits a more than passing the conditions prevailing on the mainreference, since it is in the extension land of British India hold good. On of this plan that the hope for a speedy the missionary side, however, must be solution of India's leper problem can mentioned asylums supported by govalone be found. ernment in Mandalay and Rangoon, and under the care of Roman Catholic Vithin recent years several gov- missionaries. The Mission to Lepers ernment asylums have been trans- has also a successful home in Manferred to the management of the mis- dalay and another in Maulmain, and sion, and new ones erected by joint in the fonner notably the Christian action. These are controlled by the spirit has been conspicuous. The mission-which secures freedom for evangelistic side of the work is full its religious work-and subsidized by of facts and pictures of spiritual stim- ship once more in spirit with an ulus and pathetic interest. Indeed, it earnest congregation of from 400 to may be claimed that no form of mis- 500 Christian lepers in the church at sionary effort is so rich in the spiri- Purulia, where I distributed prizes to tual results represented by souls given the leading members of the Society of new hope, and by sad lives trans- Christian Endeavor. I recall the formed. The fact that out of the scene in the Chandkuri leper church, 3.788 inmates of the Indian asylums when thirty-two new converts reentirely supported by the mission ceived the seal and sign of their faith 2,5 I 2 are confest converts speaks for at the hands of their devoted superin- A LEPEIl DORMITORY IN' THE MORAVIAN HOSPITAL, JERUSALEM itself. My pen, if not restrained, tendent, W. H. P. Anderson, who would fill pages with the recital of finds in the success-material and spithe triumphs of the Gospel among ritual-of his work an ample recomthese hopeless people. I live again pense for the surrender of his profesin memory through a service with sional prospects as a chartered ac- Mary Reed and her leper men, at the countant in 1905. I am present again close of which five came forward for in thought at the first communion baptism. I see again the gathering with the lepers in the new church at under the shade of the banyan-tree Naini, Allahabad, at which station at Ramachandrapuram, when, in re- Professor Higginbottom has been the sponse to an address on John 3: 16, instrumeut of a most successful effrom among a congregation melted to fort for the benefit of the lepers. tears by the divine story, nine arose to testify the desire to be disciples of This hasty outline could be filled Him who cleansed the lepers. I wor- in with incidents and details of the most affecting kind, affording cumu-

lative and unanswerable evidence that lepers in a government asylum on a even to the lepers, and, indeed, pre- lovely island, to which occasional mis- eminently to them, "the Gospel of sionary visits are paid. There is a Christ is the power of God unto sal- similar, but smaller, asylum at Singa- vation." pore. French Indo-China has its full What has been stated as to the share of the affliction, and an average prevalence of the disease, and the con- estimate gives 12,000 to 15,000 as the dition of its victims in India, may be total number. Missionary effort is affirmed of all the chief Asiatic coun- represented by two asylums, one of tries. In varying percentages, doubt- which receives government aid, and less, but still in numbers sufficient to both of which are under the care of form a menace to the healthy popula- Roman Catholics. In the Dutch East tion, lepers are to be found in Turkey- Indies the fearsome figure of the in-Asia, Persia, Arabia and Palestine. leper may be met amid the luxuriant In Persia, near Tabriz, a leper village beauty of tropical scenes. The Neth- was founded by the Government some erlands Government has not been un- twenty years ago, and to it all lepers mindful of his needs, however, and found in the province were sent. Be- in Sumatra and Java has provided fore long the funds allocated to its refuges, and has seconded the ef- support were diverted, and the lepers forts of missionaries to minister to are dependent on the mercy of the the inmates. In Batavia, an asylum mIssIonaries. Lands north of India, was founded as far back as 1687. In such as Afghanistan, Turkestan and 1897, 5,500 cases were known in Tibet, are known to be affected, tho the Dutch East Indies, and it was reliable information is not forthcom- generally agreed that there were many ing. In this group government care others. When the Mission to Lepers is unknown; but a Palestine mission- founded an asylum in Sumatra, it was ary effort has provided a home near in response to an appeal that told of Jerusalem, under the care of German lepers being deliberately burned alive Moravian missionaries. These work- by their neighbors, a cruelty which ers have ministered for many years was not regarded as a crime, the leper with true devotion to the lepers of having forfeited all human rights.

the locality, and at the end of 1909 In CHINA the only thing that can reported 38 inmates, of whom ten with certainty be affirmed of the lepers were Christians and twenty-eight is that they are to be numbered by Moslems. very many thousands. The disease SIAM is sorely stricken·, and good mainly affects the southeastern mari- authorities estimate the lepers to be time provinces, tho it is by no means one caSe to 500 of the population-a limited to them. Bordering on the percentage which yields fully 15,000 French territory of Tonkin, we find lepers. Here the Mission to Lepers Quantung followed by Fuh Kien and is cooperating with the American Che-Kiang, including the large islands Presbyterian Mission, and a new asy- of Hainan and Formosa, all heavily lum is being erected at Chiengmai. stricken. Broadly speaking, we find The Malay Peninsula is badly tainted, a decline in severity as we move to- and I found at Penang some 460 male ward the west and the north, altho

19I1 ] THE LEPERS OF THE WORLD

there are serious centers of leprosy a!> sanitary dens. Two years ago I visfar north as Tsang Chau, near Tien- ited what is, I believe, considered a tsin, and as central as Hankow. Two favorable specimen of these villages Chinese doctors are quoted by Dr. -one mile outside the East Gate of Cantlie as stating that the Chinese Canton. In it I found some 800 sufconsider leprosy to be "contagious, in- ferers crowded into small, dark hovels fectious and hereditary." It is con- in narrow lanes. Tho familiar with sistent with this belief that lepers are the lepers of many lands, here were usually expelled by their relatives, some of the most ghastly caricatures and compelled to wander and beg, or of men and women I have ever en- A GROUP OF LEPBRS IN THE PEXANG ASYLUM, :.fALAYSIA to herd together in squalid colonies countered. Featureless faces, disoutside the cities or towns. This, it eased stumps for hands and feet, need scarcely be said, often involves semi-starvation and squalor on every great hardship and bitter suffering on hand, combined to create an impresthe part of the sick people. To a cer- sion of misery at its lowest and darktain extent, these leper villages are est depth. Stevenson's phrase-Hthe recognized by the local authorities, butt-ends of human beings"-applied and in some cases an allowance is by him to the lepers of Molokai, was voted for the support of the inmates literally appropriate here. Perhaps -a small part only of which ever the most pathetic figure in this comreaches or benefits the wretched suf- pany of the socially dead was one I ferers left to die by inches in their in- met making her way on crutches (one

CHAPEL OF THE KUCHENG ASYLUM, SOUTH CHINA T'he inscription over the door reads: "The Holy Doctrine of Jesus."

leg having been amputated), and with apart, and it is hoped to develop medsightless eyes, through the village. ical and industrial work while con- This was poor Un Ho, whose conver- tinuing the evangelistic work which sion in the Medical Mission Hospital, has already borne good fruit. The before her leprosy was discovered, authorities are sympathetic, and a was the means of introducing Chris- larger scheme may emerge. Chinese tianity into this heathen leper village. officials informed me that their esti- It was due to her prayers and her mate for the lepers of the province york, which preceded that of the mis- of Quantung alone was 15,000. Missionaries, that a community of nearly sionary effort in the districts most af- [00 Christian lepers welcomed us (Dr. fected has been extending during re- Boyd and myself) on Christmas eve cent years. Commenced less than in the chapel erected by the Mission twenty years ago, the work of the to Lepers. After an inspiring service Mission to Lepers is now carried on and a distribution of gifts, we crossed in twelve stations in China. These the road to the Children's Home, include the well-known hospitals at built by the same society, and in which Hanchow and Siao Kan (near Hanwe found seventeen happy, healthy kow), under Drs. Duncan Main and boys and girls rescued from the dis- Henry Fowler, whose noble work eased and depraved environment of merits much more than this passing the leper village. At the time of wri- mention. Near Hinghua, in the Fuh ting, the prospect for the outcasts of Kien province, there are three leper Canton is distinctly brightening. A villages, with some 700 lepers. A volunteer worker has just been set small refuge for extreme cases has been built here by missionaries of the relieve the leper or check the disease M. E. Church, U. S. A., and good was limited to three mission hospiresults have followed. It is interest- tals, it is scarcely surprizing that the ing to note that this originated with malady was gaining ground. Hiding, a Christian Chinaman and his sister, often unsuspected, in their own both of whom became lepers after houses, wandering, begging or crowdtheir conversion. To these must be ing to shrines supposed to possess speadded the excellent work done for cial efficacy, the lepers of Japan are lepers by the Pakhoi Medical Mission among the most miserable of manof the Central Missionary Society. kind. Divorce, or disinheriting, may At Macao, and at one station in South be the fate of unfortunates who are Shensi, and another in East Kiangsi, often designated by a word meaning Roman Catholic missions are visiting something no longer human. Not or relieving lepers. It is hoped that much, but still something, has been the awakening of China to a progress- done to relieve them by Christian misive national life will mean help and sions. Seventeen years ago the Mishope for her thousands of lepers. sion to Lepers built an asylum at Tokyo, and gave substantial help to The lepers of JAPAN were, in 1908, another at Kumamoto, both of which according to official statistics, about have proved havens of refuge for 40,000. As this compares with 23,000 many hopeless sufferers. There are in 1897, and 30,000 in 1908, there is also asylums under Roman Catholic an alarming increase apparent. As missionaries at Gotemba and Biwasaki. until 1908 the only provision made to SOME INMATES OF THE KUCHANG LEPER ASYLUM Others were afraid of the camera and ran away.

It was satisfactory to learn ill an asylum. As one of many examples interview, two years ago, with Pro- that might be quoted of the response fessor Kitsato, of the Imperial Medi- o f the lepers to Christian teaching, it cal Service, that the Government was may be mentioned that during the awake to the urgency of the matter, whole period of its history, nearly and was about to build asylums in at every inmate of the Tokyo Asylum had made a voluntary profession of SHAM FUNG LAU faith in Jesus Christ. Nor should the influence of such institutions on non- A Chinese leper catechist at the Wuchow Asylum Christian minds be overlooked. Said of the ~1ission to Lepers. a shrewd Japanese to one of the mis- sionaries: "Our people can argue for least five centers for the segregation their religion as well as your missionof at least some of the worst cases. aries can for yours, but they have no Two of these are now open, and argument to bring against this kind others, it is hoped, will shortly be of Christianity." available. The authorities admitted that the example set by the mission The lepers of the Philippines arc had largely influenced their action, being gradually isolated on the island and that they had been, partly, at of eulion, where a settlement on the least, prompted by the beneficent re- lines of Molokai is being established sults they had seen in the mission by the United States Government. T he disease is rife in all the group, and tho at latest advices some 2,000 cases had been deported to Culion, there are no doubt thousands of others still at large. Prior to this vigorous effort, the only provision made was the general hospital of San Lazaro, at Manila, in which some wards had been set apart for lepers. Missionary effort has been limited to the visitation of these wards by Roman Catholic agents, and by a Philippine pastor supported by the Mission to Lepers. Perma- nent work has been commenced in the ne,,,, settlement at Culion through the joint action of the Amer- ican Presbyterian Board and the Mis- sion to Lepers. There is a large field, and, we believe, much fruit to be gathered.

Leprosy in Africa A sinister band of leprosy may be said to surround the entire continent of Africa , broken possibly by a section on the West Coast from Orange imate, of course, and often only illus- River to a point south of the Kongo, trative- never exhaustive. Moroccoand again by a section from about Lepers usually in villages near large the northern point of Senegambia to cities; near Mazagran, in 1900, a vil-' the southern boundary of Morocco. Jage with 200 lepers was in existence. This latter portion forms the western Tunis-A considerable sprinkling, freend of the Sahara, and is very sparse- quently imported from Malta, which ly populated. The whole of the East is said to be a focus of the disease.

INMATES OF THE TUNG KUN LEPER ASYLUM, NEAR CANTON} CHINA The houses of the lepers are in the background.

Coast, as well as the countries bor- Egypt-An ancient home of the maladering on the Red Sea, including dy, believed to have 3,000 cases at least. Egypt, are seriously stricken, and Abyssinia-1,ooo cases reported in the leprosy thus contributes its full quota capital in 1897. Sudan-A1l parts into the sum total of Africa's woes. fected, notably Haussaland, of which We have referred to the coast, and the capital, Kana, is described as a to countries with a coast boundary, very hive of lepers, and said to confor convenience of description, and tain thousands of cases. Senegalbecause more information is available In 1906, large numbers and increasing than in the case of interior provinces. owing to the entire absence of precaubut most of the races of the Dark tions. German and Portuguese East Continent are affected, and not a few Africa-Believed to be endemic in to a serious degree. A rapid survey these districts. In the French posyields the following figures-approx- sessions it is a serious menace and

said to be on the increase in some carried out has been the work of the districts. French Kongo, Dahomey, authorities, who provide for the sup- French Guinea and Nigeria are all port of the lepers and the management leprous to a greater or less degree. of the institutions. Missionary effort In the better-known British states has, therefore, taken the form of visit- and territories, lepers in considerable ing or resident chaplains appointed numbers are everywhere. Cape Colony by, or with the approval of, the gov- deports its worst cases to the Govern- erning bodies. The ministrations of ment Settlements at Robben Island these workers are welcomed, and bring and Emjanyana, but many are still much comfort and cheer to the af- at large. In 1906 the report of the flicted inmates.

medical officer of health expresses Madagascar is wholly leprous to grave concern at the non-diminution of a serious extent, and partial segre- the number of cases, and affirms his gation is carried out. Altho 3,000 are belief that with both asylums full, reported to be isolated, a much larger there were still 1,000 lepers at large. number are said to be still at liberty.

The two institutions were accommo- Here the conspicuous success of mis- dating about 1,120, of whom it is dis- sionary work brought help to the turbing to learn that 107 were Euro- lepers, and, prior to the interruption pean. The Transvaal has its own asy- due to the annexation by France, we lum at Pretoria, where at the end of find the London Missionary Society 1907 there were 400 cases. Natal and carrying on two and the Norwegian Zululand are beginning to be awake to missionaries five asylums in connec- the danger, and are adopting a policy tion with their stations, while two of segregation. The same may be others were connected with Roman sitid of southern Rhodesia and Basuto- Catholic missions. Probably, under land. The former colony reports 490 the French regime advance has been registered cases, representing, doubt- made in the work of the Catholic mis- less, many others. The Orange River sions, who have been given charge of Colony has an asylum at Morgenster. government asylums, one of which re- For the foregoing facts and figures ports 800 inmates.

referring to British Africa, I am in- Leprosy in America debted to a paper by my friend, Dr. Happily, the northern part of this J. G. Mackay, of Durban. In Mom- basa, the need for public action has vast continent does not call for length- been prest on the authorities. Zanzi- ened notice. It is probable that there bar has 200 cases, some of which are are in the United States a number of in an asylum, and ministered to spiri- lepers, varying from 300 to 500 cases, tually by Romanists. They are also the principal center being in Louisiana.

working in asylums in northern Ni- At the Government Asylum the num- geria, French Sudan, German East ber reported in 1909 was 50. Then, Africa, and at Lagos. certain States are affected by immigra- From the missionary point of view tion from tainted countries; e.g., Cali- there is not much to report with re- fornia from China, Minnesota from gard to Africa. Segregation to the Norway, and North Dakota from Ice- limited extent to which it has been land. New York. as a capital, with a somewhat cosmopolitan population, Leproay in Oceania has always a number of known cases. This must serve as a convenient, if Canada has an old focus in Tra- not strictly accurate, heading under eadie, New Brunswick, where a small which to refer briefly to parts of the community of lepers are cared for by world not included in former sections.

Roman Catholic nuns. Victoria, B. C, Australia, New Zealand, and small ad- recently solved the problem by ship- jacent islands report in all about 1I0 ping back to China a number of lepers cases, 88 of which are in asylums in who had accumulated there. Queensland and New South Wales.

In Central and South America lep- Fiji has a considerable number, and rosy is a very real scourge on the most of the principal islands of Polypopulation of practically all the States nesia are seriously affected. Only a and most of the adjacent islands. In few of them can be indicated here. Mexico, lepers are found everywhere. New Caledonia reports 676 cases, In Cuba, there are not less than 1,500 while Loyalty Islands are decidedly cases, for whom there is one hospital leprous. In the lovely Marquesas, in Havana. Colombia has been re- one-fifth of the population are beported to have 30,000 lepers, an appal- lieved to be lepers. including many ling total, which is receiving the Europeans. Penrhyn Island, which earnest attention of the Government. has its own settlement, is said to have In three centers, Romanist missions been infected by a leper from Molokai. are carrying on work. Both British and Dutch Guiana are leprous to an The Hawaiian group are the best alarming degree. In the latter, the known, and possibly the worst in- Government is segregating the lepers fected, of the Pacific Islands. But the at Groot Chatmon, on the Surinam foul stain of leprosy is over all the beauties of this Paradise of the Pa- cific, as Hawaii has been pardonably River. They are ministered to by the termed. Brought in by Chinese immi- chaplain, who is a Redemptionist grants some sixty years ago, the dis- Father. Near the government institu- ease found congenial soil in the consti- tion is a colony founded by the Prot- tution and habits of the Hawaiian estant missions, the spiritual oversight people, and spread with remarkable of which is taken by a missionary of rapidity. In 1865 the authorities the Moravian Church. adopted the policy of segregation, and Brazil is believed to have not less set apart, not, as is often stated, the than 5,000, and, quite probably, twice island of Molokai. but a low-lying pe- that number. Roman Catholic mis- ninsula at one end of it, containing sions speak of work at nine centers; some ten square miles of land. This but numbers of inmates are not given, is divided from the rest of the island except for Rio de Janeiro, where fifty (which comprizes 270 square miles) patients are reported. Uruguay and by a precipitous range of rocks varying Paraguay are far from free, and the in height from 1,800 to nearly 4,000 Argentine is affected to a serious, and, feet, and forming a natural barrier it is feared, increasing degree, the most· between the lepers and the healthy reliable estimate giving 12,000 as the community.

probable total. It was with especial interest I

visited the Leper Colony of Molokai, This gives a proportion of one leper made famous through the work of to thirty of the Hawaiian people. Father Damien, which terminated with his death from leprosy in 1889, after In all of the West Indian islands a sixteen years' service as a missionary- serious percentage of lepers is to be priest in the settlement. The present found. In the smaller islands the superintendent of the Baldwin Home number is reported to be on the inat Kalawao, Brother Joseph Dutton, crease. Trinidad and Barbados are served as a captain in the U. S. gravely affected, and, it is feared, in Army through the great war, and sub- increasing measure. In Jamaica, a sequently volunteered for the post of distinct diminution has to be recorded, assistant to Damien. He has become due, it is believed, to an improved his successor in the care of the men standard of living. In 1904 the numand boys. about 100 tn number, who ber of known cases had fallen to 300. are inmates of the home, in which In these islands two or three asylums work he is assisted by four other lay are maintained by the authorities, and brothers, of one of the Roman Catho- visited more or less regularly by mislic orders. The Baldwin Home is sionaries. virtually an asylum within the settlement, specially intended for male The foregoing facts, confirmed by lepers who have no friends or rela- a reference to the map (see frontistives to tend them, as many of those piece), will show that so far from being living in the settlement have. There a disease mainly of Biblical or medieis a similar asylum (the Bishop val times, leprosy is, in some respects, Home), for leper girls and women, the most terrible scourge of the human under the care of a mother and four race. Terriblf', not alone because of sisters, who are paid by the authori- its loathsome and incurable character, ties for their work. The inmates of but because of the consequences to these homes are, like the rest of the its victims socially and religiously. community, liberally provided for by While we may be thankful for the dethe territorial government. There are gree to which missions-Protestant two Romish churches and two Prot- and Catholic–are bringing the hope estant churches, the latter being min- and comfort of Christianity to these istered to by a native pastor-a healthy stricken outcasts, we must, nevertheman. There is also a branch of the less, recognize the vast number of Y. M. C. A., for which, at the time them, scattered through so many lands, of my visit, a young woman was acting still unreached and unrelieved. as secretary. In November. Ig08, I found about 800 lepers in the colony, These most afflicted of mankind four-fifths of whom were native'> of the sorely need, and gratefully appreciate, islands, the remainder being made up all that can be done for them in the of Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, etc. name of Him who bade His followers It was believed that at least 200 lepers -"Cleanse the Lepers."* were still at large in the islands, deportation being resisted and the dis- * For some of the information embodied in ease concealed as long as possible. the article the author acknowledges his indebt· edness to an article on the "Geography of Lep.

rosy," by Professor Ehlers, and Dr. Felix "et.

dier, in "Lepra"-Supplement to Vol. 8, 1909.

CHRISTIANITY IN

BY REV. JOHN W. BUTLER, D.D., :"IEXICO CITY Author of "Mexico Coming Into Light," etc.

Protestant Christianity in Mexico tianity in Mexico. The dream of has entered upon its second genera- Pope Alexander VI was to convey to study its present status and the the territory of the three Americas to study its present status and the their Catholic majesties of Spain and grounds for its justification and the Portugal, rather than to lead its milreasons for encouragement. lions into the spiritual Kingdom of Christ. Such was their conduct that Roman Catholicism in Mexico Las Casas declared to the King of Spain: "Your Majesty's subjects in The Constitution of 1857 was the Mexico are more barbarous than the providential instrument for opening Turks." The Bible had been transthe door in Mexico to Protestant lated into Spanish as early as 1720. Christianity. For more than three yet the early Catholic missionaries centuries the Spanish friar and the preferred to leave it chained in con- Spanish conqueror had been joint vents, and relied upon sacraments rulers, and the Church and State were hastily administered wholesale to mulpractically one. Madrid was a sub- titudes of trembling Indians, "roundoffice of Rome. Under this dual form ed up" for that purpose under the of government no religion was tol- eloquence of sword and cannon. erated save the one which recognized the Pope in Rome as its head. Riche- Such methods bore their natural lieu, in the sunset of his stormy life, fruitage. After three centuries the exclaimed that had he served his God country was Christian simply in name. as faithfully as he had served his The people were under the iron heel king, God would not have forsaken of priest and soldier to such an exhim in his old age. Had the Roman tent that natives were rarely permitted Catholic Church been as faithful to any participation in the Government. its divine head as to its temporal head, The inferiority of their birth was cona different history would have un- stantly imprest upon them; their narolled in Mexico, and the drastic Con- tive industries were interdicted; they stitution of 1857 would never have were not allowed to produce anything become necessary. Had all the Span- that their conquerors could bring from ish friars resembled the magnificent over the sea; their mines had to be and truly apostolic missionary Bar- worked for a king they did not know tholomew de las Casas, the so-called and who had imposed upon them Laws of Reform might never have harsh masters; their fields must renbeen needed as amendments to the der their best fruits to foreigners Mexican Constitution. Unfortunately, whom they hated. Yet they were the Church was not true to its sacred compelled to "hear Mass and be inmission, and few of the friars shared structed in the faith" by those who, ths apostolic spirit of Las Casas. with rare exceptions, never evinced any real interest in their welfare, spi- The crusader, the inquisitor and ritual or material. the conqueror were the dominating factors in the establishment of Chris- The people were amenable to func-

tionaries who dealt out justice as men are created equal, and are enconquerors deal it to captives or mas- dowed by the Creator with certain ters to slaves. Objectionable and ex- inalienable rights; that among these aggerated features of the feudal sys- are life, liberty and the pursuit of tem of Europe were here repeated. happiness." Therefore, the constitu- The clergy, the military and the priv- tion provided for a federal governileged Spaniards enjoyed exemption ment, freedom and protection of all from civil tribunals, while the natives slaves, freedom of religion and press, were victims of corruption, bribery, the secularization of church property, intrigue and outrage. Taxes for the etc. Crown and tithes for the Church were omnipresent and perennial. Onerous This result was achieved by the taxes and excessive tariffs for relig- Mexican people themselves, and it ious rites were imposed, including was the providential instrument for the seven so-called sacraments. The the opening of a wide door to Protesvery forms under which the natives tant missions in Mexico. were supposed to be led to a knowledge of Christianity had heavy fees Religious Liberty attached to them. Even licenses for sin were sold to new converts. As early as I859, the Liberal Gov- ernment of President Juarez, being As the centuries rolled on, the peo- temporarily located in Vera Cruz, sent ple remained poor, and the clergy, be- out to the country a proclamation emcoming enormously wealthy, lived like bodying the substance of these famous lords. Churches, chapels, convents laws. Juarez's policy provided for the and monasteries sprang up every- complete opening of his country to where, often dowered with immense religious and civil liberty. The Hon. land rights. Less than half a million John W. Foster calls this proclamaforeigners in half a century were ru- tion "the most able and comprehensive ling ten or twelve millions of Mexi- state paper ever issued in Mexico." cans with a despotism such as heaven Mr. Foster well adds that, given the never witnessed save where the Span- dark and dismal circumstances then ish enacted the same inhuman drama existing, the courage of President Juain other lands. Can we wonder that rez was greater even than the courage the people of Mexico wearied of the of President Lincoln, during the dark yoke imposed by the minority? days of the Civil War, when he issued the Proclamation of Emancipation. After a bloody struggle of eleven years, Mexico achieved independence All this was accomplished by the f;:om Spain in 1821. Then followed Mexicans themselves. Even before the struggle against priestly rule from these doors, however, were so maniwhich conflict was evolved the Con- festly open, Providence was preparstit.1tion of 1857. ing the way for Protestant Christian- ity in Mexico. We have no words of This constitution, like the French commendation for the Mexican War. instrument, advocated, Liberty, Fra- General Grant was right when he ternity and Equality. Like the found- called it one of the most unjust of all ers of the Am:erican Republic, the recorded wars. Yet God can, and Mexican fathers believed that "All often does, overrule the mistakes of

CHRISTIANITY IN MEXICO

men for the good of their fellows. Protestant services III Spanish after When the American army marched southward from the Rio Grande into the empire. the heart of the country, colporteurs About this time a commission of of the American Bible Society and of the American Tract Society followed Mexican citizens went to New York in their wake, distributing Bibles and to plead with the evangelical churches tracts which, in hundreds of cases, of the United States to send workers proved "good seed sown upon good to help them plant Protestant Chrisground." Many congregations date tianity. It was a genuine "Macedotheir origin to a Bible left at that nian cry" to which too little heed was time. About the close of the Civil given at the time, for that, above all War, the American Bible Society be- others, was the opportune hour. Thus, gan work along the Texas frontier, it is historically true that Mexicans and the British and Foreign Society themselves, unaided by foreigners, in the Central and Southern States. threw off the Spanish and Papal yoke, In 1878 the British Society retired and effected the disestablishment of an inleft the field to the American Society. tolerant Church, adopted a liberal Up to the present time, the records constitution providing for religious as show 739,092 copies of the Bible, or well as civil liberty, and then sent men Portions, distributed. But if to this all the way to New York to plead for we add thousands of copies sent into help in the work to which they would the country by the Trinitarian Bible commit themselves as willing cowork- Society of London, and the Bible ers with divine Providence in the sal- House in Los Angeles, Cal., the num- vation of a nation. In the face of ber would probably reach on well to- these facts, the flippant charge we too ward a million copies of that Word often hear, that Protestant missionwhich God has declared shall not re- aries are in Mexico to interfere with turn unto Him void. Several boxes the religion of the country, falls to of the New Testament with Notes, the ground, like so many other which Father Vaughan, a Roman charges against the sincere attempt of Catholic missionary, brought into this country about twenty years ago, and Christians to bring this world to Jestls for which he obtained consent of the Archbishop of Mexico to circulate, Christ, a plan which any honest stumysteriously disappeared as soon as dent can easily trace in the Bible all Father Vaughan returned to London. the way from Genesis to Revelation. They never reached the masses. In these times of transition an at- During the French occupancy tempt was made, by a group of Cath- (1865-67), a Protestant chaplain of olic clergy, to organize a society of the army obtained permission from "Constitutional Fathers" to support the Government to conduct services President Juarez in his reforms. in French. These services were at- Finding they could not succeed withtended by a number of Mexicans as out segregation from the Catholic well as foreigners. Some of the for- Church, they opened a correspondence mer became active in establishing with Bishop Potter, of the Episcopal Church of New York. For some rea- son, the movement failed as a whole, tho one of their number, Manuel Aguilar, separated from the Catholic

Church and did much toward estab- boards, gives a total of some 300 forlishing Protestantism in Mexico. eign missionaries. There are 600 na- tive preachers, nearly half of whom The great President Juarez appre- are ordained. Besides these, many ciated the whole situation, for, in the of the school-teachers are lay preachface of intense opposition, he framed ers. There are about 1,000 congregaand promulgated the Laws of Re- tions, of which perhaps two-thirds are form. A few years later, he did not organized churches. These represent hesitate to say to a Methodist preach- nearly 30,000 communicants and some er, HI believe that the future happi- 70,000 adherents, making a Protestant ness and prosperity of my nation constituency of 100,000. There are depends upon the development of 15,893 pupils in the day-schools, and Protestantism among my people." 22,842 in the Sabbath-schools. The National Sunday-school Convention, In response to the appeal of this which met in this city last September, Mexican commission, the American was largely attended, and was an event and Foreign Christian Union encour- of great significance. The graduates aged the Rev. Henry C. Riley, a Pres- of OUf schools are eagerly sought after byter of the Episcopal Church, to join by the Government for teachers. One the handful of indigenous forces al- governor recently said, "Send me all ready working in the national capital the graduates you do not need yoursoon after the French intervention un- selves." Another sent a request for der Maximilian. In the meantime. six teachers at one time. Our young Miss Malinda Rankin, Mr. Samnel men and women are entering and suc- Hickey, Mr. Thomas Westhrup and ceeding in the various trades and proother private individuals, came across fessions. A leading mercantile house the northern frontier and established in the capital declared that a stenogboth schools and churches. It was not, rapher furnished from one of our mishowever, till the early seventies that sion schools was the best they ever the missionary societies of some of the had in their employ. He was from an leading Protestant churches sent work- obscure Indian village before he eners into the field, and others followed tered the mission, but now carries on several years later. Since the comple- an immense correspondence for a large tion of the railways in 1884, connect- business, in two languages. ing the two countries, the number of missions has considerably increased. The estimated value of mission property in Mexico is given at $3.- Protestant Missions To-day 822,56.3, silver. Some of the missions are meeting with most encouraging Looking back upon something over success in the matter of self-support. a generation of Protestant effort in The Methodist Episcopal mission re- Mexico, we find fourteen different de- ceived last year nearly as much from nominations engaged in the work. indigenous :resources as the parent There is some Protestant work in society sent into the field. All of the every State of the Republic. Most of older missions have some work which the large cities have been entered. is self-supporting, and in some cases There is a force of about 230 missionaries, including wives, which, together with 70 representatives of the woman's

11 ] PROTESTANT CHRISTIANITY IN MEXICO

the older congregations are support- carding sectarian disputes and limiting new mission work. ing themselves to the propagation oj doctrines of sound morality and prac- Medical work is carried on in tical religion." Guanajuato, Guadalajara, San Luis Potosi, Monterey and other cities, to The italics are ours, as well as the the great blessing of their respective assertion that a people with such a communities. In these hospitals and record are a blessing to any nation. dispensaries people of all creeds are General Porfirio Diaz, now, and for received on equal terms. Every year a long time, President, has repeatedly thousands are led to thank God for acknowledged the same fact. the Gospel of healing as practised by Protestant missionaries. The temperance reform, which has accomplished so much in the Federal From the very beginning, our mis- district, and some of the States, owes sions have appreciated the value of its origin to Protestant Christians, tho the press. Eight church papers ap- at present it is spreading independent pear regularly, five Sunday-school of denominational lines. Like all who publications, thousands of books, believe in an open Bible, the Protestracts, etc. Last year 25,202,032 pages tants have stood for improved social of religious literature were sent forth. conditions, and pastors have insisted These "leaves of the tree of life" may that those who are found living in "heal" multitudes of souls whose family relationship without complying names never appear on church records. with the laws requiring civil marriage But God will record them in the "Book shall not be admitted into full comof Life." munion with the Church until such relationships were regulated. Such These are some of the results of has been the missionary influence in Protestantism in Mexico during its this respect that the Attorney-general first generation. There are other im- of the nation said to the writer: "If portant results, also, tho they never you Protestants never did anything find their way into the annual reports else for Mexico than to help us of missionary societies. President straighten out this social question, you Lerdo de Tejada, the immediate suc- would be. a real Godsend to us." cessor of the lamented Juarez, in a communication answering an appeal We venture to go a step further. from the Protestant clergy for protec- The influence which Protestantism has tion against certain fanatics in 1874, exercised over the historic Church of said: "In addition to the constitu- Mexico has been and is still most tional obligation to protect religious beneficial. Independent of the aboveliberty, the Government takes pleas- mentioned results, we safely venture ure in stating that the teachers of the the assertion that our influence for Protestant doctrine in Mexico have good on the Roman Catholic Church distinguished themselves by their de- alone amply justifies all the time and portment as law-abiding citizens, with- money expended. out a single instance to the contrary having come to his knowledge; that Hon. John W. Foster, erstwhile their labors have uniformly tended to American minister to Mexico, Spain the enlightenment of the public, dis- and Russia, and later Secretary of State in Washington, in his truly

superb "Diplomatic Memoirs," re- an arrogant intolerance repugnant to cently published, says of the Protes- the enlightened intelligence of the age, tant movement here: "It has had a and a corrupt clergy so fervently keepmarked influence on the Roman ing up an objectionable system of Catholic Church in Mexico. The lat- meddling with sacred home relations ter has been stirred up to greater at- through the confessional. These multention to its parochial schools, and the titudes will continue as "sheep withcharacter of the instruction has been out a shepherd" unless Protestant modernized. The Bible is no longer Christians bring to them a knowledge a closed book for Catholics. In the' of Christ. old days, before the advent of Prot- There is another, if possible sadder, estantism, little preaching was heard fact. The Indians, or more than half in the great cathedrals and parish the population, tho counted as memchurches. Now a sermon is given in bers of the Roman Communion, never most of them on Sunday, and even have had an opportunity to know what 'missions,' or what are commonly Christianity is. They have been left called 'revival services,' are frequently without education, without Bibles, and held. The churches, great and small, have been permitted to mingle their have, as a result, undergone a trans- ancient rites and superstitions with formation by the introduction of pews some of the outward forms of Chrisand seats, before almost unknown, so tianity. Indians in feather plumage that the worshipers may listen to the dancing at the sacred shrine of Guadapreaching with profit; and in other lupe; niches, side by side, in villages ways they have been 'swept and gar- and roadways, to the Virgin of Guadanished.' Greater attention is given to lupe and to the Aztec war god, Huitthe education and training for the zilopochtli, are some current evidences priesthood, and the morals of the of the criminal negligence of the Rolower clergy are more closely scruti- man priesthood, a negligence that has nized by the bishops. In these respects covered three centuries. How shall Protestantism has stirred up a spirit Protestant Christians do their part toof rivalry in the old religion, and ward the salvation of these millions? awakened its energies into new life." Give them the Word of God. Pour Does Mexico need the Protestant into their famished souls the water of type of Christianity? Yes, a thousand life. Preach to them a living Christ times yes; no land on the face of the able and willing to give "all men everyearth needs it more. Here are over where" a conscious knowledge of par- 15,000,000 people, practically without don, peace, and hope of heaven. We the Bible, save as they receive it at will thus raise a constituency to live our hands. Here are segregated mul- honest, decent, happy lives in their titudes turned away from the his- homes, and in the world, and as "livtoric Church by that extreme Mariola- ing epistles read and known of all try which puts Christ in the back- men," letting their "light shine" to ground, its enmity to all forms of civil glorify not themselves,but "Our government which it can not control, Father which art in heaven."

A BIG MARKET DAY IN KENG

At this market the Laos of Siam, Burma and China meet.

LOOKING UP THE LAOS BY W. CLIFTON DODD, D.O., LAOS MISSION, NORTH SIAM Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions.

The Laos Mission is named, not of Siam and in Burma that they for a country, but for a people. The adopted the title of Tai, or Thai, in Romanization of the name was done order to distinguish and exalt themby the French, not the English, and selves." Tal means "free." the final "5" is silent. The singular and the plural are just alike. Pro- The Burmans call the western nounce both like "low" in "allow," branch of the race Shans, and the and drop the final "s" if you wish to! southern part is called Siamese. It has long been known that the Shans The name Lao is restricted in its number some two millions, and the modern application to a part of the Siamese about five millions. But no race which calls itself Tai (or phonet- one knew even approximately the ically Tie) in modern times. Colonel number of the remaining section of Gerini, the ablest living authority on the race, calling itself by the racethe Siamese, quoted in "The Direct- name Lao. These racially pure repory for Bangkok and Siam, IgIO," resentatives of the old Lao stock live says: in an integral territory at the conflu- ence of four civil divisions of the "The racial name of this people was world, Siam, French Laos States, Lao, and Tai was simply a title that Burma and China, and their inland, they substituted for that name. highland home overlaps into all four. It was only after their successful career of conquest in the north'ern parts

Looking Up the Lao by Exploration Lao, altho known locally by many names, and my cook and I had very The Laos missionaries are so few little difficulty in conversing with them in numbers and theirs is such an ex- all the way. In southwestern Yuntensive field, that until last year much nan, the dialect differs only in its of it still remained unexplored. With- brogue from that of the Lao of North out collusion of pian, Rev. John H. Siam, with no difference of vocabu- Freeman took advantage of his return lary to speak of. Farther north, but from furlough, and I of my return for still in western Yunnan, about one furlough in the homeland, to do some word in fourteen differs; farther east, missionary exploration among the Lao where the people are non-Buddhist people outside of North Siam and and illiterate, about one word in ten eastern Burma, the regions previously we found seemingly radically differpretty well explored. ent. And in the extreme eastern part of Kuangsi province, one word in Really, it does seem sheer assump- about five or six differed from our tion for an American to go exploring standard in North Siam. The people among so venerable a people as the and language of the greater part of Lao. Only the priceless boon of the the three southern provinces of China Gospel enables a man to hold up his are Lao. head and look these ancient and honorable people straight in the eye, in From the time I left Kengtung, in the circumstances. eastern Burma, until I arrived in Nanning-fu, a distance of over one Mr. Freeman traveled by rail thousand miles, I did not see a misthrough French territory, making sionary or a convert; there are none many stops for purposes of investiga- to see. And if I had gone down southtion, and then overland a few days to east, at right angles to the line of my Nanning-fu, thence to Hongkong by journey, I could have gone a thousand boat. He read a great deal in the miles in that direction and not come French writings about the Tai race, up with a Protestant missionary or as it is called in modern times, and ob- convert. All this in Lao territory; as tained a vast fund of information far as from New York to St. Louis from French officials and Catholic and in one direction, and from Chicago to Protestant missionaries. New Odeans in the other, not a Lao man or woman had ever heard of I traveled over one thousand miles Jesus Christ. by pony, nominally, but in reality most of the way on foot; and then down The Catholic fathers say that the the "Vest River a distance of some people whom we know as Lao, under seven or eight hundred miles more by several tribal names, number ten milboats, Lao rowboats, motor-boat and lions in South China alone. And there steamboat; in all, five months and a are at least six millions of them to half from Chiengrai, in North Siam, the south of China, in the French posto Canton, China. sessions, Burma and Siam. If we do not accept these outside figures, we For most of the way through the shall still have as many Lao as Kothree southern provinces of China I reans, more than twice as many Lao did not have an interpreter. I found the majority of the people en route

LOOKI~G UP THE LAOS

as Siamese, a half more than the in- came into the country. Indeed, the habitants of the Philippines, and more Chinese call them aborigines. than all the population of our New England States combined. And their Chinese annals also tell us that the present-day home is about 400,000 Chinese minister, Mang Tu, found in square miles in extent, a little larger this same western Szechuan two more than Burma, just about twice the size tribes called Pa and Lu. This was in of all Siam, nearly three times the size D.C. I971, or, according to Usher, of Japan, more than five times the size fifty years before Abraham invaded of Korea, ten times the size of the Canaan. I found these two "tribes" State of Ohio, and nearly half as large in southwestern Yunnan, just south as an the United States east of the of Szechuan, last year, or 3,881 years Mississippi. "There remaineth yet after their first mention in Chinese very much land to be possessed." llistory. Modern Chinese still call them by the ancient tribal names, Looking Up the Lao in History Pa-yi (phonetically Pah-yee), or Pah barbarians, and Lung-jen, the Lung Thanks to the researches of English (Loong) people. And their speech and French scholars in the Chinese is Laos, as already noted. annals, much light has been thrown upon the early history of the Lao race, The first mention of the race under latterly called Tai. Taking these an- the names Lao, Leao and Chao is in nals in connection with ethnological B.C. 1558. This first emergence of and linguistic results of our recent the name Lao into history did not ocexplorations, the findings are these: cur in Szechuan, but in the province The Chinese found tribes of the Lao now known as An-hui, a little north race in what is now western Szechuan of the middle of eastern China. The province (central western China), race either had not migrated east until about D.C. 2200, at the time of "the later than its appearance in western geographical survey which goes under China, or, more likely, the Chinese had the name of the Great Yii." The not had occasion to refer to them in the principal one of these tribes was east in their previous annals. Kieh, called the Great Mung, a name which the last ruler of the Hsia dynasty, was has persisted down to the present day exiled among the Chao by the new as the race-name of the Lao in Tong- Shang (Shan?) dynasty, in B.C. 1558. king. Accepting provisionally Bishop If Bishop Usher knew, this was when Usher's chronology, the Lao race has Moses was thirteen years old. And, had a recorded history beginning some of course, the inference is that the fifty years after the confusion of Chao, or Lao, was then a people with tongues at Babel. At all events, it is a considerable history behind it, else a period of about 4,100 years. And no Chinese ruler would have been as they were then a "great" people, exiled among them. the inference is that they are considerably older than 4,100 years, and that This Lao race, with its several tribthe Chinese found them in China al names, was not brought under the when the Chinese themselves first rule of the more centralized power of the Chinese Empire, in Szechuan, until B.C. 338. In other words, the Lao remained an independent political

power in that region from somewhere the one side and to the island of Java about the time of the building of the on the other. It is the same race Tower of Babel till a little more than which is regnant in Siam to-day. fifty years after Malachi had given Israel their last prophetic message. Of the great Lao race, the modern This was a period of about nineteen Lao are racially and linguistically the centuries, or about the total length of purest representatives; and there is the Christian era up to date. an inherent fitness in their bearing the ancient name. Their western broth- Even then, the power of the Lao ers, called Shans by the Burmese, have race in North China was not broken. absorbed much of both blood and vo- The race was still supreme in the An- cabulary from the Burmese. In like hui center till the century before manner, their Siamese kinsmen have William the Conqueror made England got much from the Peguans, Cambohis own. After holding North China dians, Malays and Chinese immifor over three thousand years, they grants. But the Lao of southern were dislodged from their more China, eastern Burma, northern Siam northern seats. This An-hui branch and the French Laos States, have of the race migrated south of the come into contact with no other great Yangtse River, and there rejoined power or race except very locally. their brethren from Szechuan, who Their c~ntact has been with illiterate had been coming for several centuries. hill peoples, mostly scattered trails of They joined in the support of the Ai- the great Mon-K'mer (Peguan-Cam- Lao kingdom at Tali Fu, in Yunnan bodian) race, in its long migrations p1'Ovince, which had been founded in southward. With these illiterate hill A.D. 629, and which lasted till A.D. peoples the Lao do not intermarry to 1234. And then it was overthrown, any great extent. God has had some not by the Chinese, but by the Mon- purpose in preserving this great body gols under Kublai Khan. of the Lao race down through more than four millenniums, so that from But long before the overthrow of twelve to sixteen millions of them the Ai-Lao kingdom at Tali Fu, the speak the same language, with only Lao people had begun to migrate such dialectic differences as to be, southward. Colonel Gerini says: "A after all, mutually intelligible. new racial element from the center of China. . penetrated into the And so, by looking up the Lao in northern parts of both Burma and history, we learn that the modern Lao Siam, where it started in its turn to people, together with their western found principalities and centers of Shan and southern Siamese fellow further expanding influence. These descendants from the ancient Lao invaders were parts of the people de- stock, are not indigenous inhabitants nominated Lao, or Ai-Lao." of the tropics. On the other hand, they lived and swayed scepters of dominion This quotation from Colonel Gerini in "the belt of power," the north gives only a general hint of the real temperate zone, from about B.C. 2200 extent of the rule of the Lao race in to A.D. 1234, some 3.400 odd years, more modern times. They overthrew a much longer period than they have the Burmese kingdom and made their lived in the tropics. They have had power felt to the border of India on

UP THE LAOS

organized governments for more than ten times that of Ohio. The long his- 4,000 years. While our ancestors tory of the race shows that it is a were still wearing skins and using virile people from "the belt of power," flint knives, the Lao were a civilized and the present birth-rate is satisfacrace. When our American Republic, torily Rooseveltian. Their history with a big R, has existed for one mil- also shows that the Lao people are lennium, at the least, and shows at the closely associated and bound up with end of that time something like the the destinies of the 400,000,000 Chivirility and vitality of the Lao race at nese on the north, the 20,000,000 the end of the fourth millennium, it Cambodians and Annamese on the SOME LAO PEOPLE BOItN IN CHINA, NOW LIVING IN BURMA will then be time for us to put on spec- east, the 5,000,000 Siamese on the tacks and begin to search for signs of south, and many of the 10,000,000 decadence in the Lao race. people of Burma. Surely anyone must rise up from a study of their LookiD. Up the Lao iD MiaaiolU history and of the 'history of the sur- rounding peoples with the intense con- All exploration work among the Lao viction that here is a people most and all research into their history strategically placed; what affects this have a most enhancing bearing upon people in a missionary way will react missionary work among them. We upon nearly a half-billion Asiatic now know that the present-day Lao neighbors. As Mr. Freeman has people are great in numbers, at least pointed out, the Lao are a part of one as great as the Koreans. They extend of the greatest unoccupied mission over a territory more than eight times fields extant to-day. Not less than the size of the State of New York, nine times the size of Pennsylvania,

30,000,000 people in that southeastern sion of women; hospitable, tractable, corner of Asia are yet untouched by receptive.

Protestant mission work. E vidently it Among this great, prepared people is one of God's most signal provi- comparatively little mission work has dences that for some seven millions of actually been done. In the extreme the Lao race there is but one written southeast, a French Protestant society, language, one alphabet, while for the and in the extreme north a few of the most of the remaining millions in missionaries to the Chinese, have done China, the spoken language is still one a little sporadic work for the Lao with their literate brethren far ther "aborigines." The only organized south. All that these four to nine work has been that of the American Presbyterian Church. In behalf of Protestant Christianity it has been at work for the past forty-three years, with a small force. Burma, smaller both in population and area, has con- siderably over 200 Protestant mission- aries. Japan, less than half the size, but with three or four times the popu- lation, had last year over I,OOO Prot- estant missionaries. Korea, with less than one-fifth the area, and with about the same population, had last year 286 Protestant missionaries. The Laos lVlissio lt had just 43.

Considering all the odds, the mis- sion work done has not disappointed the expectations raised by the history A LAO CHR ISTIAN GIR L and other providential preparations of million illiterate Chinese Lao need is the race. I know of no other Buddhist to learn to read their own language. land where the response to the Gospel One press can supply the whole race message has been so great. Twenty with Christian literature. One sem- self-supporting churches, with over inary can supply preachers for all. five thousand communicants and some There are other providential prepa- ten thousand adherents, over thirty rations for mission work among the self-supporting parish schools, and Lao. Their wholly inland position some hundreds of men available for has kept them among the primitive evangelistic work, this is the Lao re- peoples of the earth. Altho possest of sponse. The mission is now prepared a good degree of civilization, they with this equipment, and more than have been spared contact with the half the Bible printed, high schools vices of Western civilization, for the and training classes, a leper asylum most part. They are an agricultural and hospitals and dispensaries for do- people, free from anti-foreign spirit, ing a wider work; it wants but the men with no caste, no Islamism, no seclu- and the means.

TO PERSUADE ASIATICS TO ACCEPT THE

BY REV. EUGENE P .. DUNLOP, D.D., SIAM Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions Persuade is a fit word for mission- This is a sure rule. The apostle was ary life. It should be emphasized in in the Spirit of this when he said, our contact with the people. In try- "We beseech you by the mercies of ing to win them for our Master, an God." A very good way to persuade ounce of persuasion is worth more men to accept the Gospel is to bethan many pounds of compulsion, seech them by the mercies of God. ridicule or sarcasm. The people of Eastern countries, after all, are not That rule worked well with a man very unlike ourselves. One may per- on the island of Samooie, in the Gulf suade them a mile where you can not of Siam, when re told him of the drive them an inch. mercies of God in creation, in the sunshine, in the air we breathe, in If we define the word persuade as: the water we drink, in our every-day "To induce by argument or entreaty," life. Our Father in heaven cares. the writer would say that in making for us with a greater love and mercy up the formula, about one ounce of than earthly parents care for their argument should be used to every children. This man on Samooie pound of entreaty, and all well flavored heard the precious stories of the with love. Try it, and you will find mercy of God as revealed in Christ, that the patient will want more of the and he was persuaded that night to dose. To persuade is to induce, to accept the Gospel. lead into; and in order to lead, we mnst know the way and walk in it Another good rule in persuading' without deviation from the true path. men to accept the Gospel is, "We pray In other words, if we would persuade you in Christ's stead be ye reconciled the people of the East to accept the to God." How much earnestness of Gospel we must live the Gospel. One soul the apostle put into that expresof Siam's prominent princes said to sion, "We pray you." Are we in the me not long ago, "If all Christians habit of trying so earnestly to perwould do as Jesus did, what great suade men that we pray them to acimprovement it would make on this cept the Gospel? But the main part world." "Tho I speak with tongues of this rule is in three words, "In of men and of angels and have not Christ's stead." vVith what compaslove, I am become as sounding brass sion Jesus moved among the people or a clanging cymbal." In laboring of his time. "He went about doing to lead others we achieve much, if we good." There was persuasion in can truly say to them, "Follow me as every touch of his hand, as He went I follow Jesus." from village to village in the Holy Land.* May the compassion of "He conquers who first overcomes Christ have a large place in your himself," says the proverb, but we hearts, so that we may have persuawould rather say, "He conquers who sive power with the people for whom is first overcome by the Lord J eS11s." we labor. Jesus, in bodily form, is I f the love of Jesus constrains me, not going about the villages to-day, then the love of Jesus working but He goes through his ministers. through me, wiIl constrain others. • See Matthew, 9: 35·39.

He sends us in His stead, so that we and bid the man good-night. No. He are to talk to them in the same spirit preached to Nicodemus that wonder- in which He talked. Weare to go ful sermon on the new birth, and the about doing good, as He did. This love of God. This method proved work was his meat and drink, and we successful, for it persuaded Nicode- must love to tell men about Him far mus to accept the Gospel.

more than we love our daily food. In missionary work in the East, No half-hearted entreaty will per- materialistic and rationalistic noble- suade men. One must be whole- men frequently come late at night, and hearted to be persuasive. we find that the best way to persuade Recall some of the people whom such to accept the Gospel is to rub the Jesus tried to persuade, and his sleep out of one's own eyes, take his methods with them. The mercenaries mind away from the comfortable bed (]ohn 6), to whom He said: "Ye seek and mosquito curtains, and treat such me, not because ye saw the miracles, men as Jesus treated Nicodemus; ex- but because ye did eat of the loaves plaining to them with earnestness of and were filled," Did Jesus turn soul that wonderful third chapter of away from these men? No, He John. Such faithful service will not preached to them one of the best ser- be in vain. "According to your faith mons of his life, on "The Bread of be it unto you."

God"; and He even extended to them Then the moralist came to Jesus- the assurance, "Him that cometh unto a man much like those we have often me I will in nowise cast out," met in Siam. A young man who was When Henry Martin found that the sanguine that he could make heaven Hindu came only for temporary re- by his own efforts, and that eternal lief and seemed to care nothing for life was due him because of his good his preaching, he was on the point of works, talked to Jesus very much as giving up in despair, but this won- some Siamese friends have talked to derful sermon of Jesus came to his us. How did Jesus deal with this mind, and he said: "If the Lord Jesus moralist? "Then Jesus beholding was not ashamed to preach to mere him loved him." I fear that we are bread-seekers, who am I that I should apt to pour out more sarcasm and give up in disgust?" If at times, in impatience than love. These moral- trying to persuade our fellow men to ists are often as faithful in keeping accept the Gospel, we grow discour- the commandments as was this young aged by their mercenary motives, let man whom Jesus sought, with his us study carefully how Jesus, with heart of love, to persuade to a life of wonderful tact and earnestness, self-denial. It will generally pay to preached to the self-seeking people. tell such men of the all-prevailing Another man came to Jesus by merits of Jesus, night. He seems to have been a Another who came to Jesus was a rationalist, a materialist, and, we mother who was not only mercenary, would think, not a very promising but very ambitious. The disciples had case. But Jesus did not think that no patience in dealing with her; they to teach him would be a waste of were moved with indignation against time. He did not say it was too late the mother and her sons, for they

HOW TO PERSUADE ASIATICS

used their magnifying-glass to see No matter how perfectly one may faults, and therefore had no power have learned the language, if he lack of persuasion. If we do thus, we, too, tact, then his efforts may even drive shall lose heart, and with it we shall the heathen away from the Gospel.

lose persuasive power. How differ- If we would have tact, we must also ent the spirit of Jesus. He called have a close sympathetic contact with them unto Him and said, "Ye know the people. We must study them as that the princes of the Gentiles exer- closely and with as much interest as cise dominion over them, and them we study the language. The failures that are great exercise authority upon of missionaries are not so much due them; but it shall not be so among to lack in the language as to failure you, let Him be your servant. Even in understanding the people, like the as the Son of Man came, not to be missionary who wrote home, "I am ministered unto, but to minister and deeply interested in the study of the to give His life a ransom for many." language, I am charmed with the A fifth person who came was not a scenery of the country, I greatly enjoy moralist, nor a rationalist, nor an am- the luscious fruits; in fact, I like bitious woman, but a very sinful, bad everything but the people."

woman. Probably we would have Tact has been defined as a sensitive called her "a hopeless case," but when perception or skill, but it is more than this woman came to Jesus, weary, hun- that. "Tact is wise and loving gry and thirsty as He was, He did not thoughtfulness." The true place to lose the opportunity to persuade the learn how to exercise that kind of sinful one to accept the Gospel. With tact, in trying to persuade men to the love, wisdom, power and patience accept the Gospel, is to be found in of his great soul, forgetting his weari- the life of Jesus, as recorded in the ness and hunger, He told that poor, Gospels. We have found these sinful woman of the water of life. summed up as follows: Was the effort wasted? We read that 1. Jesus was never rude; rudeness will "Many of the Samaritans of that city never persuade; the Eastern people are believed on Him for the saying of the afraid of rudeness. woman, which testified, He told me all 2. Jesus, in his labors, never needthat ever I did." lessly spoke a harsh word; guard against We should not turn away from the this censorious spirit. most sinful of men. We may be 3. Jesus never gave needless pain to a sensitive heart.

weary, but we should love such souls 4. He was most considerate of human more than we love ease in our long weakness. veranda chairs; we may be hungry, but if we would persuade poor, sinful 5. Jesus was most gentle toward all ones to accept the Gospel, we must human sorrow.

6. He never supprest the truth, but he uttered it in love.

love them more than we love our good 7. His whole life tells of most con- food and luscious fruits. siderate thoughtfulness for others.

We have learned from these cases If we would persuade the culti- of our Master dealing with the indi- vated and polite people of the East vidual, that tact is essential in per- to accept the Gospel, we must try to suading others to accept the Gospel. change our bluntness and rudeness

into true gentleness. This is true -Why? Simply because there was tact, which will help to win them to no tact or wise, loving thoughtfulness Christ. in it."

Bishop Thoburn, the former leader We have heard of a missionary in of Methodist missionaries in India, India who boasted of his ability to in expressing his views on this sub- heap ridicule on the Hindu gods, and ject, once said: was one day doing so to the best of his ability, when he was interrupted Don't argue. Don't ridicule. If I by a polite and educated Hindu, who could recall some of the sermons I first begged to speak a word, and during preached, I would be glad to do it. I the course of his remarks, addressing Ilsed to be proud of the fact that I could the missionary respectfully, said: "Sir, debate for two hours at a time, with you have shown great ability in ridilearned Mohammedans; but now I am culing our gods and showing their sorry that I ever did it. If J went around defects. Sir, would it not be better asserting boastfully that Jesus is the for you to tell us something about eternal Son of God, a dozen Mohamme- Jesus ?" dans would be after me at once; but now, I strive to tell of the love of We remember hearing a mission- Christ; His power to save; where He ary, when preaching against Budwill take us when life's journey is over; dhism, use this expression: and again and again have I said, this is truth as I sec it, and while I have been {{Ie Buddha chou, man pen ari. speaking to you, God has been working lJIan mi roo chak quam ching." in your hearts. If I am wrong, I will That missionary never knew the rehave you tell me so. Correct doctrine is sult, but we well remember that just of comparatively little account unless as he finished the abusive expression the missi01nry could carry a message of a rather fine-looking- Siamese officer love. arose and said, ((I maw nan tate yang nan Ka mi yom fang ley." Prince Damrong, the Minister of Now, let us put these expressions the Interior in Siam, once said to me: into English and see how they sound. "Missionary, as you go over Siam "That vagabond Buddha, what does it publishing Christianity, I trust that know? It does not know the truth." you do not abuse our people because The Siamese officer replied, "That of their religion, or ridicule them be- vagabond missionary, if he preaches cause of their superstitIOns. No, that way, I will not listen." And he Missionary, don't do that; but tell left the chapel in anger, never to rethem about the love of Jesus and turn. Imagine, if you can, a Siamese that will make better men and Buddhist priest addressing a Christian women of them." audience in America and using such abusive language about Jesus. That The late Dr. McFarland, that prince would be the result? Let us, in tryamong missionaries in the correct use ing to persuade people to accept the of the Siamese language, and untir- Gospel, follow the Golden Rule. ing in the work for that people, once The following words of another told me that at one time he was proud bear strongly on this subject, espeof the amount of ridicule and sarcasm cially, in presenting Christianity to that he could pile on to the Buddhists. Then he added, "That was the greatest mistake of my life as a missionary

j HOW TO PERSUADE

the people of the East. "There has Goel has a people among them. If been in the past a too prevalent feel- you abandon them, I will go back to ing that our Western ideas are so su- the Telugus alone, unaided, save by perior that it was not only a privilege the Spirit of God." Was such enthubut a duty to override and trample siasm fruitless? Witness five hundown all prejudices of the heathen dred Christian churches of Burma, mind. For instance, in pictures of and the thousands of happy Christians idols and heathen acts of worship, it among the Telugus. has not been uncommon to make use of an element of sarcasm, as well as Present the Gospel with deep conexaggeration, in utter forgetfulness viction of its divine source and its of the fact that the heathen mind does wonderful adaptation to the needs of not at first view things from our the people to whom you give it. Prestandpoint." A great point is gained sent it with absolute reliance on the when an attitude of fairness, candor, power of the Holy Spirit to transform appreciation and Christian courtesy is the lives of sinful men. Labor for taken. Our work among these peo- the individual; never give up a man ple is not a work of iconoclasm, ex- whose friendship you have gained, cept incidentally. What is needed, in and who manifests the least interest persuading these people to accept in the Gospel. Christianity, is a true Christian spirit, a courteous presentation of the more George Leslie Mackay, of Formosa, excellent way. It is the repetition of attached great importance to this rule. the old fable of the storm and the He held fast all the friends he made. sunshine, in their rival attempts to A desperate Dacoit, who had murdeprive a traveler of his wraps. dered a number of people, and was the terror of northern Burma, one Present the Gospel with all the en- day wandered into a chapel and listhusiasm of your soul. In dealing tened with very close attention to the with needy, sinful men, never lose your preaching. The missionary noticed grip on your enthusiasm. Think of him, and invited him to come again to Judson, in the foul prison of Burma. repeated talks in his home. The Dawith thirty-two pounds of chains on coit was converted, accepted the Goshis ankles, and his feet bound up to a pel, became an ardent preacher of the bamboo pole, when taunted, a fellow truth; the multitude heard him gladly; prisoner saying, "Dr. Judson, what thousands were persuaded to accept about the prospects of the conversion the Gospel through his ministry. of the heathen?" answering, with un- Thus the converted Dacoit, "Kothamwavering enthusiasm, "The prospects bu," became the Apostle to the Kaare just as bright as the promise of rens. Seek out the individual and God." keep track of him.

Remember Dr. Jewett, when the Finally, and above all, the essen- American Baptist Missionary Union tial thing in persuading men to achad lost heart, and was thinking of cept the Gospel is love. This was preabandoning the work among the Telu- eminent in 'our Master's work for singus, enthusiastically pleading for this ful men. It led Him to lay down his people, saying, "Don't abandon them; life for them. Without it we will be mere glass gongs or clanging cym-

bals. When God came to win us, He testimony to others. The day that we showed Himself by a wonderful sign, carried the bread and the wine LOVE. "SO must we win others, heal- (emblems of His broken body and ing, consoling, unfortunate, patient shed blood) into that little hut, and even with the sinful. Love engenders the three of us commemorated his light beneath her feet, she clarifies, dying love, heaven seemed very near. she simplifies, she has chosen the humblest part to bind up wounds, The love of God passeth all underwipe away tears, relieve distress." standing. One eminent in winning souls has emphasizerl this thought in We shall never forget the beautiful the following words: "All the selfpicture of Christian love in action pre- denial, patience, tenderness and delisented by a poor, abandoned sick man cacy of love are needed, as the Lord in a bamboo hut, on the seacoast of knew well, in dealing with men who Siam. He was a cripple covered with are naturally uninteresting, or perhaps loathsome ulcers, who was told by repulsive; and hence our Lord saw the a disciple of Jesus to call for a medi- necessity that there should be love." cal missionary, and replied, HOh, he How could there be love for them? will not take any notice of a poor, We answer, only by love to Jesus. loathsome creature like me." The Love Him truly, then your heart will disciple answered, "Yes, he will; he take in the whole world. It is not loves to help others, just try him." science, nor intellect, nor eloquence The writer went to that little bamboo that wins souls; but love to Christ hut with the medical missionary, and overflowing in love to men. Love it was so filthy that it took no little will give you a delicacy of perception, effort to enter it. The poor sufferer an ingenuity of persuasiveness, which was covered with foul sores, but the few hearts shall be able to resist. It medical missionary (moved by the will reconcile the profound scholar to spirit in Him who touched the leper) a life among the savages; it will carry with warm water gently cleansed us over the sea, through the jungles, those ulcers. While he was doing this on to the regions beyond. It will we read to the cripple the wonderful carry the refined and cultured woman, stories of Jesus' love and healing with the precious tidings, into the power. The tears ran down the old most unattractive homes. Love bearman's face, and he exclaimed, HOh, eth all things if only it may win men missionary, I have never seen love for Christ. The true secret of endurlike this; why does this missionary ance is love. It is our greatest need. with his own hands cleanse my sores ?" It binds us to God and man. We replied, "Because he is a disciple of the greatest physician in the world." May the love of Christ constrain We told him how Jesus went about us; may we be rooted and grounded doing good, and the love of Jesus in it, so that as we go out to the broke and won his heart. He became Eastern people, in His name, we shall a happy Christian and gave cheerful be well prepared to persuade them to accept his Gospel.

AND MISSION SCHOOLS IN

BY REV. CHARLES T. RIGGS, CONSTAN·TINOPLE.

The statement was made in the Jan- were forbidden to teach in the Protes- tant school, which is not recognized nary number of THE REVIEW* that the as an American school. This prohibi- Turkish Government is now creating tion was, however, withdrawn almost a system of State education "which as soon as issued, and since then the will set aside the mission schools." Minister of Public Instruction has This statement seems to justify the been obliged to acknowledge on the inference either that the schools es- floor of Parliament that this was not tablished by the Turkish Government a general law. Even if it were, it aim to do the work done by the mis- would not affect the mission schools sion schools, and that they will be that are directly under foreign control, able to do that work, or else that the for these are not Ottoman schools. Government is planning to set aside There are very few instances where the mission schools to make room for missionaries are teaching in schools inferior government schools. What- under Ottoman management. Another ever may be the course of legislation bit of legislation that is still somewhat in Turkey in the next twenty-five experimental refers to pupils in higher years, there seems to be no likelihood institutions being exempt from milithat the mission schools will be legis- tary service, or having their term of lated away, unless a tyranny worse service postponed. St. Paul's Instithan that of Abdul Hamid should be tute, Tarsus; Euphrates College, Harallowed to come in. pout; the Syrian Protestant College, Beirut, and some others, have suffered Educational legislation is among the this year by having students in their topics most to the front at this time; senior classes, and even their teachers, but it is still crude and experimental. Several propositions have been made drafted into the army. But, on Januthat have not been carried out, and probably can not be. One is that the ary 16th, Parliament agreed to exempt Turkish language shall be the only from such liability those in all the means of teaching in all government higher educational institutions recogschools. The proposition has not even nized by the Government, whether been made that this apply to private government schools or private. schools (under which category are classed the mission schools) ; but even Mission schools may be divided into with reference to government schools three classes: First, primary schools it has met with such strenuous opposi- under the management of the native tion on the part of Greeks, Albanians, churches, which have missionary su- Armenians, and all non-Turkish races, pervision only, and sometimes receive that it can not be enforced. Another some financial aid, but where the is the proposition that no non-Otto- teaching is done by natives entirely. man be allowed to teach in Ottoman In nearly every case the pupils are all schools. This has actually been en- of one nationality. Often in the same forced in some schools in Macedonia; city separate schools are maintained and at Kortcha, in Albania, Rev. and for the different nationalities. Second, Mrs. Kennedy of the American Board the high schools and academies, most of them under missionary management • Page 9, article by Dr. Julius Richter. and control, in many of them Turks,

Greeks and Armenians studying side under government control. It will by side. Third, the colleges, most of be many years before such govern- which have an Imperial charter recog- ment schools can hope to attain the nizing them as American institutions standard of scholarship-to say noth- and American property. A fourth ing of moral training-exhibited by class might be added, to include the the majority of mission schools to-day.

theological schools and such technical Until government schools, at least schools as those of medicine and phar- measurably, approach this standard, macy at Beirut. None of the British the popularity of the mission schools and German mission schools, except will not suffer. The problem of fur- that of Bishop Gobat at Jerusalel1l, nishing teachers capable of teaching have attained the rank of a college; is being taken up by the Government, and most of them are primary schools. and about three hundred young men All mission schools have one object, have been sent to European universi- which could never be the object of ties to prepare themselves as teachers.

government schools-till the Golden Within a few months five young men Age comes in-namely, to give a have been chosen by competitive ex- thoroughly Christian training. This amination, to be sent to Columbia Uni- is recognized, even by the parents of versity, New York, to secure an Moslem pupils, and many remark that American training, with a like object.

they send their children to the mission Two of these five received their pre- schools because the character-training liminary training in American insti- there is superior to anything in other tutions, one at Anatolia and one at schools. And not even the very best Robert CoIIege. After a few years, and highest scholastic attainments of there may be competent teachers for the most model government schools some positions, but the number is stilI could set aside the necessity of the mis- pitifully inadequate. In a popUlation sion schools, so long as the former of twenty to twenty-five miIIions, the remain secular and non-Christian. Government reports only fifteen thou- The mission high schools and colleges sand schools, whereas there ought to have another object which also gives be ten times that number. Among the them a right to continue alongside the fifteen thousand these three hundred government schools, and this is the foreign-trained teachers wiII be but a teaching of English. The common drop in the bucket-one for each fifty languages of most of these institutions schools! is English; and pupils are attracted largely because of this advantage, The great difficulty lies in the inwhich could not be found in any gov- ability of the Government to approernment schools. priate sufficient funds for education. In the opinion of the present cabinet, There is no sign of a desire on the the chief need of the country is for a part of the Government to close the mission schools. Their value as mod- strong army; next comes the navy; els of educational institutions is freely then come such internal improvements acknowledged, and it is from them as railroads, highways, irrigation that teachers are expected in many schemes, etc., while education is very cases for the schools to be established far down on the list. Of the present

AND MISSlON SCHOOLS IN

budget* only iT.922,4IS, or 2.8% of schools should antagonize them, any the whole, is allotted to education. more than private schools in America Naturally, the ideal of any government antagonize the system of public scheme of education is a system of schools in which the Bible is so largely free schools. Where, as in all mission neglected if not proscribed. An atti- schools, tuition is charged, the finan- tude of friendly rivalry will inevitably cial problem is somewhat different. benefit the government schools by : private school is not a tax on the compelling in them a high moral as Government; and private schools do well as scholarly tone. not depend on government subsidies. There are a few instances where a The country will also need the mis- mission school has received a small sion schools as sources of supply for . appropriation from the general fund the teachers in its own schools. The for school aid from the Government, rivalry between public and private hut this is an exception. While the schools will benefit the mission schools amount available for the support of as well, by compelling them to main- mission schools is pitifully inadequate, tain a standard of scholarship high the results obtained are out of all pro- enough to induce pupils to pay tuition portion to the outlay, owing to careful and attend there rather than go free management of these trust funds. to the government schools. It is al- The few American travelers who have together probable that legislation may examined the educational work of the compel some changes in the curricu- missionaries have frequently exprest lum of some mission schools, in the surprize and pleasure at the attain- line of more emphasis on Turkish, for ments of these schools on the pittance example; and these schools will wel- available. come any legislation tending to pre- pare the youth for better Ottoman The mission schools do not wish to citizenship_ be "set aside" ; the government schools are in no position to supersede Friends of missions and of mission- them, and the Government has shown ary education should rally to the sup- not the slightest inclination to set them port of our schools; the need of them aside. It is, however, important to and the call for their finished prod- inquire what shall be the relation of uct was never more imperative. The the mission schools to the future sys- contemplated system of government tem of government schools? The lat- schools only emphasizes the impor- ter must, of course, be purely secular, tance of mission schools, and until or at all events non-Christian, for the the Master's sway over the hearts of Government is professedly Moslem, those in charge of these secular schools and the government schools may be is absolute, our responsibility for the expected to favor the State religion clistinctively Christian education of if they favor any. This does not, those who will not cease to flock to however, mean that the mission Christian schools, will not end. In their continuance is the spiritual hope * Total Budget-£T.32,161,522, of which £T.8,- of the rejuvenated Ottoman Empire. 771.930 is for war expenses, exclusive of navy.

AND THE SILENT

BY A LAYMAN The average man of affairs, who "The love of Christ constraineth possesses ordinary business sagacity, me." Our Lord, however, doe·s keeps his eye open for the wise invest- not let us remain upon the lower ment of his savings or earnings, level of slavery but elevates him to whether they be great or small. The the higher level of friendship, for He vital question with him is, How can says to each member of this privileged he invest his means where they will circle, "I call you not slaves but be assuredly safe and will yield the friends." Paul, appropriating this best returns? Such investments are station of privilege, mentions it to his purely material, and a man considers Corinthian friends when he says, his earnings from the standpoint of "'vVe are God's fellow workers."

absolute ownership. Every dollar is Thus the Christian business man to be invested seems good, to be comes to look upon this whole world doubled or trebled, the increase to as a proper sphere for investment, for make his own life, or the lives of he sees it from God's point of view, as those nearest to him, fuller of happi- a lost and a dark world in need of ness, power or ease. He recognizes light. Having become a fellow worker no law which makes him responsible with the God of Eternal Light, he is for the happiness or misery of his a transmitter through which God may fellow humans. What's his is his. effect His purposes. At once he Each dollar stands for just so much seeks investments with even greater of his personality exprest in terms of eagerness and sagacity than ever be- investment of one sort or another. He fore because upon their success de- is the center of the little world that pends his part of the working out of revolves about him, and self is his the plans of his supreme Silent Part- master. ner whose eye is sympathetically rest- But the Christian business man is ing upon His every lay partner, and on a different level of life and activity. His principles must be respected and He has had a vision and has experi- His counsel sought at every turn and enced a readjustment of his relation- crisis.

ships because of the discovery that, in- It is at this point in many a Chris- stead of being himself the center of his tian business man's career that the tiny world, he is subordinate to the cen- miraculous enters into his life and tral Sun· whose light and life-bearing wonders come to pass. He seems to gleams he reflects because of the life- be gifted with unusual wisdom in the spark he has himself received. Like selection of material investments.

Paul, he has realized Jesus in the Larger returns often come in from hitherto unexperienced relationship invested capital than was the case be- of Savior and Lord, and is led cap- fore, and a certain elevation of soul tive of Him and becomes the "bond and quiet confidence and optimism slave of Jesus Christ." It gives him a characterize him instead of the new thrill of exhilaration to be able to anxiety and restlessness aforetime.

speak of "Him whose I am and whom He has an impelling force which I serve," and he refutes all criti- bears him along as on an ever-rising cisms by the simple explanation, tide. Even business friends in the street begin to notice the new buoy- them a new motive of existence and ancy and brightness that have come granting long-desired release from into his life-attribute it to what they business anxieties, lifting them to a may-and they covet his secret. purer plane of living and showing The secret is his acceptance of his them that God gives them the bless- new status of relative ownership, of ings of wealth and power because He stewardship, hence the ease of mind can trust them safely with such gifts, and heart which come from a shift- making them His trustees in the best ing of the sense or responsibility for sense.

success from his own weak human We have known a number of Chris- shoulders to his Lord. The Silent tian laymen who have accepted the Partner holds the balance of power, divine partnership in their affairs, seeing the end from their beginning, and whose lives, in consequence, have hedging the lay partner with safe- been changed and blest and prospered guards on every hand. In such a case by this recognition. The layman is a man's heart can not do otherwise offered the privilege of a fourfold in- than sing merrily and his step be light vestment. He may choose to use any and joyful. one of four forms of investment, and The supreme spiritual lesson which frequently a combination of two or the Laymen's Missionary Movement more of them.

has been endeavoring to teach men They are the investment of- has been this lesson of Christian r. Life-Physical, Mental Spiritual.

stewardship, of relative, rather than 2. Personal Influence and Ability.

absolute, ownership of the blessiBgs 3. Money and other possessions.

of wealth and power that have been 4. Prayer.

placed within the grasp of men. The A layman, twenty years ago, laid supreme Lord Himself, invested as aside his pen at six o'clock one even- He was with equal deity with God, ing on his office desk in Louisville, "counted not the being on an equality Ky., and set out for China the day with God a thing to be grasped [for after. To-day, in the heart of China, selfish ends], but made himself of no he spends eight months of every year reputation and took upon him the form in a small house-boat which is so low of a slave," in order that He might by that he can not stand upright in it; His own divine example teach men so narrow that he can stretch out his the lofty privilege of obedience and hands and touch the edge on either service. side. He is the only missionary There are laymen who balk when among a million starving souls, and the matter of relative ownership is he told the writer, on the occasion of presented to them. They turn from it his last furlough in America, that and say, "This is a hard saying, who these have been the twenty best can bear it?" To the natural man it and happiest years of his life which is a hard proposition, for he is living he would not exchange with any upon the sordid level of a self-centered of the members of his former life. But there are other laymen- firm, who have since become men of Christian laymen-to whom it comes wealth in material things, but who as the greatest possible blessing, giving are poverty-stricken toward God.

Another layman in' attendance at pital in Korea. He has likewise eduthe Student Volunteer Convention in cated several negro preachers for the Nashville, four years ago, caught this work of evangelizing their brethren exalted view of his real relationship in the Black Belt. He is ever on the to God and the world, and returned to alert for tangible investments, and his home in one of our great cities whenever his denominational Mission with the determination to fulfil his Board is in difficulties he comes to the spiritual obligations as a Christian rescue. layman. To-day he devotes one-third of his time to earning his living, and Some years ago a Southern cotton two-thirds to promoting the Kingdom planter took the Silent Partner into of God, with the result that his his business upon a definite contract changed life has affected the lives of of proportionate sharing. From that hundreds of other laymen and has time all that he has touched has brought them also into their proper seemed to prosper in a manner nothrelationships to God and their fellow ing short of miraculous. This laymen. A friend made the remark on man is now paying the salaries of ten a recent occasion, "If that man would mISSIOnaries in Oklahoma, ] apan, cut out some of this religious business China, Korea and Africa, besides and get to work to make money, he erecting a first-class educational plant could become the wealthiest and most -a boys' academy-in central Korea influential citizen in our city." As at a cost of $ro,ooo. A few summers it is, he is a man of dominant per- ago, at a layman's missionary consonality and influence and connected ference, he heard a sermon preached officially with some of the great insti- on "A Man and His Money as Retutions of that city, and his word is lated to the Kingdom of God," which worth much and his advice sought by imprest him so deeply that for two men of every degree. years he paid the salary of the preacher to preach that same sermon A sugar-planter and general mer- to laymen throughout the land in chant in one of the Southern States order that they might receive the same has for years been systematically di- stimulus and blessing from it that he viding his annual earnings with the had received. Silent Partner. Some of his spiritual investments have been interesting. A certain financier in one of our He recently sent out a missionary large cities heard of the I910 Million editor on an eight months' visit to the Movement in Korea, and that a cermission-fields of eastern Asia, and tain amount was needed to place a the visit brought incalculable blessing portion of the Scriptures in every to many an isolated missionary in Korean home in a certain locality. China, Japan and Korea, besides the Realizing the splendid chance for inaccumulation of a vast amount of vestment, he sent his check for onematerial for editorial and platform tenth the amount needed to provide work at home. This same layman these souls with the Bread of Life. celebrated his twenty-fifth wedding The church in which he is an officer anniversary by a gift of $5,000 to a made a per capita gift of $20 to formissionary physician for a new hos- eign missions at last reports, leading every other church of whatever de-

19II ] THE LAND OF THE DEATH SHADE

nomination in a city of over 300,000 there, and is always glad to have a repopulation. This is an instance of the port of the progress of events in that personal blessing of a layman which marvelous field. It was he who made has infected an entire congregation. possible the founding of one of the most successful mIssIons eighteen It was another layman from Ohio years ago, which has now a force who realized the opportunity for an of forty-four well-equipped foreign investment in Seoul, the capital of workers, who preside over 288 or- Korea, and to-day there stands a ganized churches and 4,600 native model hospital, heated by steam and Christians. This is all the outcome of lighted with electricity, with cots for the gift of a single layman who disforty in-patients, with two resident covered his right relation to the Kingphysicians and trained nurses, and pre- dom of God and has held to it. sided over by the ex-professor of the medical department of a prominent These are but a handful from scores Canadian university. He has also in- of changed lives that might be" menvested in a training school for mis- tioned. When a man takes God into sionary workers in connection with partnership with him he is in partnerone of our American universities. ship with Him who created the uni- verse, and all that is therein, and who It was a layman from the Empire has said, "The silver is mine and the State, whose name is known in every the gold is mine," and He will know city in the Union of over 25,000 popu- how to bring it into the hands of His lation, in connection with a vast lay-partner so that he may have the American enterprise, who has been privilege and blessing of using it for steadily investing in missions in Korea the promotion of His Kingdom in the during the last twenty-five years. The world. Now, more than any time mere mention of the word "Korea" is within the history of the Church of a sufficient open-sesame into his pri- Goel, is the layman's opportunity if vate offices on a busy day. He has he will bllt see and seize it. half a dozen preachers of his own THE LAND OF THE DEATH SHADE The Sese Islands lie right off the Here science and a fly have been in mainland of Uganda, forming the deadly warfare, but so far science has largest and most beautiful archipel- been routed, and the inhabitants and ago in Lake Victoria Nyanza. They the investigators have been driven to were once crowded with people, now other realms, or to a distance beyond they are absolutely deserted. Even the reach of the insect. In that neighthe canoes of the natives have been borhood alone there have been in five burned to prevent their returning years 20,000 deaths from sleepingthere. This is the Land of the Shad- sickness. Three factors are concerned ow of Death, the area of the sleeping- in this terrible malady-a fiy, a husickness. man being and a protozoon known as the trypanosome, the last so small as It is, to the African, the most fatal to be detected only by a microscope. spot on earth, an island paradise out- This animalcule consists of one elonwardly, but an invisible death-trap.

gated cell having a sort of auger-point veying the infection from those al- at each end, one edge of the cell be- ready diseased to others who are sus- ing capable of a peculiar movement ceptible. One very remarkable fact by which the creature advances some- is that the sleeping-sickness appeared what as a fish moves by its fin. One cell on the lake only some few years ago, splits lengthwise into two, and by sim- but both the man and the fly were ilar divisions into millions. The fly is there already; hence the trypanosome a tsetse-fly, so dull and innocent- or protozoon must have been imported looking as to awaken no suspicion, from some other infected quarter, and and its approach is almost noiseless. possibly by the coming of a single It darts out of space and into space diseased victim. The disease has its again scarcely noticed, and yet science definite stages. It begins by a slight, has tracked it so that every instant of vague sense of illness, then an irreg- its day's existence has been tabulated. ular fever, followed shortly by ema- For instance, Dr. Aubrey Hodges, ciation, enemia, and general debility.

the principal medical officer of Ugan- Then the neck glands enlarge; and, da, first called attention to its limited finally, there comes a strange and distribution and habitat. It lives solely irresistible lethargy, so that the on blood-with a special craving for victim, even while eating, walking human blood-of which a male fly can or speaking, falls asleep. The poi- take up 130 per cent of its own weight son is in the brain. The philosophy and the female 200 per cent, as tho of the disease is thus mastered, but a woman of 125 pounds weight should not the problem of its removal or take 250 pounds of nourishment at remedy. Failing to banish either the one meal, and in nine meals over a animalcule or the insect, the inhabi- ton. This fly feeds in the daytime tants have had to be removed beyond only, say, from eight o'clock in the the reach of either. Their precious morning to ,four in the afternoon, canoes have been burned, and the It much prefers a black or a brown crocodile prevents them from daring skin to a white one, and even white to swim across the strait. It is an- clothing affords partial immunity other curious fact, that this poison- from its attacks. It is so lazy that vending insect dies when definitely ex- it will not even make an effort posed to the full blaze of sunlight. By to bite through a very thin gar- following out the above scientific dis- ment unless compelled by craving for coveries the measures initiated by Dr.

blood. It hides in boats, under the Hodges in 1906, have brought about thwarts, coming- out to bite the legs great results, the deaths from this of passengers when not sufficiently cause in Uganda alone having been protected. reduced in four years from over 8,000 Those who live away from the to less than 1,000. Up to the present shore, or have white skin and wear time, no absolute antidote has been white clothing, have therefore little found. Atoxy!, a preparation of ar- trouble with the sleeping-sickness. senic, when injected into infected vic- Even blacks are secure at a distance tims, certainly does kill these para- from the water's edge. The malady sites, but it is too early to say that spreads by the fly's agency in con- the cure is complete or final.

YEARS OF THE LAYMEN'S MOVEMENT *

BY SAMUEL B. CAPEN, LL.D.

The Laymen's Missionary Move- such a general diffusion of informament was born in a prayer-meeting in the city of New York, November tion that it is far easier than ever be- IS, 1906. That day will ever be memorable in the history of Chris- fore to present the missionary cause.

tian missions. This group of men, Our missionaries, who have recently less than fifty in number, who gathered on that day, little dreamed that been home on their furloughs, have a far-reaching influence was to go around the world from the movement again and again spoken of the change there inaugurated. that has come over our churches. In Even the most casual reader of world movements must have recog- years past they were deprest as they nized the spirit of unrest which has been growing in intensity and ear- came into contact with the home nestness during the last few years. In the non-Christian world we have church, but now they receive encourcome to an hour of almost universal dissatisfaction. All Asia from Con- agement, hope and cheer. . stantinople to Tokyo is eagerly asking for better conditions. God, who sits This change of thought in the memat the 100m weaving the history of the Far East, has been equally at work in bership of the Church is equally apthis Western world, and in the overruling Providence of God this won- parent in the outside world; the press derful uprising of men is seen to match in time this awakening of the is eager for foreign missionary news, East. seeks it out, and declares that the A New Atmo.pbere readers desire it. This sympathetic The Laymen's Missionary Movement is creating a new atmosphere. interest is well illustrated by an edi- Men who have been in active service a score of years or more state that torial in a metropolitan paper: they have never seen men so ready to do definite things for missions. "He is not a statesman, but only a One of our best missionary secretarie1> has noted a great change, particularly parish politician, whose eyes are closed in the West, and says that his recent campaign is the best he has had for to the place and function of Chriseleven years. tian missionary enterprises in the This year's "follow-up campaign" is revealing the extent of the influence great world movements. There is not of the conventions a year ago. We find that the business men have a new a non-Christian country in the world enthusiasm, as was shown in a city in the Middle West recently, where to-day in which the fortunes of the they adopted a resolution putting as their goal, "As Much for Others as new civilization are not bound up with for Ourselves," and one-half of this for foreign missions. Missionary the forces of missionary evangelizasecretaries and missionaries find wherever they go that there has been tion."

In one of our large city clubs a few years ago anyone that was known to be identified with missions was ex- posed to gentle ridicule; to-day the club is eager to hear addresses by re- turned missionaries. A newspaper man in Chicago told me last April, after a residence there of twenty-five years, that he had never seen so much interest shown in missions. One of our own number has told his own ex- perience in a group of men, many of them in business in Wall Street, New York. They are of different denomi- .

nations, have had a lunch table 1;0-' ~ gether for years, but the subject 'of religion was never mentioned. After Mr. Taft spoke at Carnegie Hall be- fore the Laymen's Missionary Move- ment, missions were the only thing spoken of at the table for the next three days. A little time ago there was a meeting of a club of graauates • From Men and Missions. Address delivered at annual meeting of the General Committee, New York. February 22, 1911.

of one of our great universities; four have a new conscience about mission- different men in straight and direct ary work; they have seen a new vision language put up to the members of of the world's needs and their own re- that club their opportunity and obliga- sponsibility. There is something larger tion in this great world movement. than nationalism in their thought now, It was said that such a meeting, and namely, "internationalism." The man such addresses would never have been of to-day no longer asks, "Am I my dreamed of ten years ago. brother's keeper?" but in place of it Perhaps the most striking instance asserts positively, "I am my brother's occurred a few weeks ago at Topeka, brother."

Kan. When a conference in the in- Reaching Mature Men terests of the Laymen's Missionary By creating this new atmosphere Movement was being held in that city, this movement is reaching the mature a delegation from the Legislature men as no other movement has ever waited upon one of our vice-chairmen, done. We recognize the greatness of Colonel Halford, stating that by the work carried on by the other or- formal vote he had been invited to ganizations. One of the great fea- address the House of Representatives. tures of this movement is that it is All our speakers were invited to seats reaching the men of affairs, the mer- on the floor of the House, and the chants, bankers, railroad officials, etc.

Speaker in introducing Colonel Hal- In a recent canvass for missionary ford, said : "We all know that Colonel funds a judge of a United States Halford is a soldier, a statesman, and Court and a former mayor of the city an editor but this morning we have canvassed from house to house; in a invited him to speak in the interests recent missionary convention one of of the Laymen's Missionary Move- the chief judges and a candidate for ment." Such an invitation to address governor of a State were leaders.

a State Legislature would have been Only a few weeks before he died, an impossibility two or three years Justice Brewer helped in the canvass ago. in his church in Washington.

What is true of the United States Men who have not been touched be- and Canada is more or less true in fore have seen a new vision, and are Great Britain, and upon the Continent responding to the call for service. This and in Australia. Dr. Mott, in sum- great world-embracing plan that looks ming up the results of the Edinburgh toward the planting of Christian in- Conference and the meetings in con- stitutions in every part of the world nection with it, has said that nothing and doing it in our generation-not so imprest Great Britain, next to the in our children's, or our grandchil- demonstration of the essential unity of dren's-this has caught the vision of the Church, as this new missionary men and gript them. Christ's com- movement among laymen. England mand to "Go into all the world" is and Scotland apparently are falling becoming more real at last. Men no rapidly into line in the great world longer thinking locally or nationally movement. They do not hesitate to or even continentally, but in terms that say that they have been profoundly embrace the world. The Laymen's moved by the results they have seen Movement is a revival of religion in on this side of the water. Organiza- the very truest sense of the word.

tions are being perfected on the Con- There is no wild excitement with re- tinent and also in Australia, and even gard to it, and it is supremely unselfish in some parts of the Orient they are in its purpose and aims. In the Church beginning to organize on a basis simi- itself it is giving new life and new lar to ours. power; mature men are being brought The Laymen's Movement is awak- back from formal Christian living, and ening multitudes of men out of their are becoming active and earnest Tn indifference and forgetfulness; men every form of church work.

YEARS OF THE LAYMEN'S MOVEMENT

There is one matter which, in this of this influence for the future years awakened interest, our business men can not be over-estimated. ought to consider most seriously, namely, to put the principles of Chris- A Belter Busines. Basi, tianity more effectively into our impact with the East. As everyone By thus enlisting the mature men knows, one of the most serious hin- the movement is helping to put the drances to missionary work is the in- whole Church upon a better business jury done by selfish business interests basis. Leading business men, many and by travelers from Christi<l;n. na- of them hitherto uninterested, are puttions who have none of the splflt of ting their experience at the service of Christianity. Ambassador Bryce at the Church. Even the most conservathe Rochester Convention of the Stu- tive of our communions are adopting dent Volunteer Movement called at- the every-member canvass and the tention to the baleful influences which weekly offering plan. I received a letcome from men who, when the re- ter recently from one of our active straints of home are removed, lead un- men, who says the movement is worth holy and wicked lives. Business in- all the effort, if it does nothing more terests also crowd in ,,,ith only the than to improve the financial systems thought of how they can selfishly make in our churches. Thought and prepamoney. When the worst of the Ea~t ration are being substituted for chance and the worst of the vVest meet III and carelessness. Because men are some of the port cities in the Far more fully realizing that the Church East, it is literally a hell on earth. is not organized primarily for self- Now that business men are becoming culture, but to give the Gospel tv interested through the Laymen's Mis- others, they are forming plans worthy sionary Movement in the evangeliza– of this new conception. Hundreds of tion of the world, there is a better churches are giving up their old plan chance than ever before to correct of having one Sunday in the year for some of these very harmful influences a missionary offering for a special and remove one of the greatest ob- cause, and are substituting the methstacles which the missionaries have ods recommended by the Laymen's had to contend with in their work. Missionary Movement, which em- Our churches have been sending out brace preparation by education, a permissionaries and Christian nations sonal canvass, and a definite pledge have been sending out other things to be paid by a weekly offering.. The which tend to counteract their influ- conventions have left such an impres- sion that men are ready to organize ence. for continued service; the effect is not It is important also to recognize transitory, but permanent.

the splendid influence of this awaken- Miaaionary Work at Home ing of mature men upon the younger It has helped the missionary work men, who are to be the leaders of the at home. Weare all familiar with the Church to-morrow. All life in a cer- law in the physical world that action tain sense seems to be a great game and reaction are equal and in opposite of "Follow Your Leader." Boys in- directions. What is true of the physevitably are tremendously influenced ical world is equally true in the spiriby the lives of the men who are in tual; the Church that forgets itself the thick of the fight, and who are in its passionate love for others is recognized leaders in the business blest in its own life. The last cen- tury of modern missions has proved world. As they see now the earnest- this to be scientifically true. Where a ness of these men for world-wide mis- church has Christ's thought, which sions, they become interested them- embraces the whole world, and recogselves, and kept steady in their pur- nizes its qbligation. it is absolutely poses for humanity. The greatness certain to recognize its responsibilities

in the home-land. There was at first write that it has never been so easy a feeling natural enough that by lay- for them to get the wants of their ing such stress upon the neglected own parish cared for as since the .work abroad we might unduly take Laymen's Missionary Movement was thought and support from equally started.

needed work at home. But such fears A pastor cites the experience of his have proved to be entirely groundless, own parish in Aurora, Ill., in which, and the great uplift in giving, which when he took charge as rector, noth- has come to foreign missionary work, ing whatever was being given to mis- has brought new support in a large sions, either diocesan or general. In way to work in the United States and the face of an annual deficit, the ves- Canada. try could not be convinced of the wis- A gentleman who had never done dom of trying to raise any money for for any cause anything worthy of objects outside Aurora. From the mention, was aroused from his indif- time he took the parish, the rector be- ference by the story of the work in gan to dwell on the joy of giving to foreign lands, and made a generous God, on the fact that the real sacri- gift to it. That was two years ago. fice becomes the real happiness, and Since then the Church to which he on the privilege and honor it really belongs, largely through his influence, was to contribute regularly, system- has given more to home missions than atically and proportionately for the all the other churches in that presby- extension of the Kingdom. It was not tery. A few days ago he gave to a long before the vestry began to share needy home cause $ro,ooo. A lead- the rector's enthusiasm, money was ing pastor in the South said a few pledged for missionary purposes, and days ago that the easiest way to reach nothing at home was neglected. In his men now was by Japan and the fact, the parish grew in every depart- Far East. It is interesting also to ment, and there was a splendid ex- note that the officers of many Wo- panse of activity in which everyone men's Missionary societies say that had a part. The rector says in con- the Laymen's Movement has been of clusion: more help and inspiration to them "To my mind the secret is this: than anything else. It is found to be Faithful, systematic, and enthusiastic perfectly practicable in denomination- preaching of the glory of the mission- al campaigns to lay stress upon the ary spirit and what is actually being whole work at home and abroad. In done; the weekly system for both the newer, broader thought of to-day parochial and missionary treasurers; men are beginning to see that there is the every-member canvass, and, above no such distinction as foreign and all, the blessing of God upon the un- home missions; they are just missions, selfish."

parts of one work for one world, To show the opposite of this: A which needs a Savior. Those who minister asked a friend of mine to are working in either field can never, preach to his people a missionary ser- in any sense, be competitors, hut are mon, but he added, "I do not dare to brothers working together under the announce your subject, for there is no same great Leader. missionary interest in my church, and The Benefit to Local Expenses if my men should know there was to be a missionary sermon, they would The movement has made it easier absent themselves from the service."

for churches to meet their own local My friend went to preach in this expenses. The reason of this is that church that had no thought for others, when men's hearts are touched, and and was interested to note that on they see the world-wide need, they are this very Sunday the pastor was plead- quick to respond to the obligation ing for money enough to pay the coal which is at their very door. Pastors bill of the church. The pastor had

not learned that the easiest way to This puts the missionary appeal get money to pay the coal bill was to upon something infinitely higher than tell his men of world-wide needs and a mercenary basis. Under the old of their obligations. plans, missions were seldom alluded Some years ago Phillips Brooks was to in the church except at the time of asked what he would advise if a the annual offering, or, as it was church was thoroughly disheartened called in the old times, the "collec- and discouraged in the work of their tion!" Now the new system of a per- own field, and he replied: "I would sonal canvass and a pledge that covers preach to them a missionary sermon." the whole year, gives our pastors an The advice is being proved to be as opportunity to preach missionary ser- good to-day as it was then, and mons and to give missionary intelli- wherever it is tried it never fails. A gence, without the necessity of telling friend of mine was called to a church . harrowing stories in the effort to that was burdened with a debt so large squeeze money out of an unwilling that it threatened to destroy the and indifferent people. It is a tre- church. The first thing he did was mendous gain thus to dignify the to propose a large gift for foreign whole missionary propaganda, and to missions; his men were amazed at divest it in the minds of so many from the suggestion, and tried to dissuade the one thought, that its sale purpose him from carrying it out, but he stood is to get money.

firm, and the men responded to what We are reaching men; the Move- seemed to them to be audacious; the ment lays its emphasis upon the stew- large amount was raised, and in less ardship of life. It knows that if it can than a year the whole debt of the reach the hearts of men and arouse church was pledged and afterward their interest, there will be no diffi- paid. "There is that scattereth and culty in securing funds for every yet increaseth," and the work of the need. In the new thought the mis- Laymen's Missionary Movement the sionary offering is seen to be a part last three or four years in this coun- of divine worship. I had occasion try has proved anew the truth of this years ago to call the attention of a Scripture. minister to the absurdity, to put it no stronger, of his offertory prayer. The True Place for Foreign Missions When the collectors stood before the The movement has helped as noth- altar he would pray that the gift ing else has ever done to give foreign might be used to the extension of the missions its tme place. The Church, Kingdom of Christ in all the world; as a whole, has never taken the for- when, as a matter of fact, every dol- eign missionary enterprise seriously; lar that was upon the plate was ab- to many minds it has been incidental. sorbed by the church for its own sup- In the past, if you asked a man for port. All this is changed now, and a gift he would regard it as optional with the offering for the support of with him whether he should give or the home church goes the offering for not; he looked at it very much as he the Kingdom of God in all the world.

would at an invitation to buy a con- Encouragement to Missionaries cert or a lecture ticket. But that day is passing away, and men are begin- This new emphasis upon missions ning to see that an obligation rests has brought encouragement to mis- upon them. The command, "Go ye sionaries. Nothing in recent years into all the world," was not restricted has given so much heart to our mis- to the apostles. To-day, nineteen cen- sionaries as the Laymen's Missionary turies since Christ gave His order, Movement. The hardest of all the there are a thousand million people in burdens they have had to carry was the non-Christian world as yet without the feeling that they had been sent to any adequate knowledge of Christ. the front only apparently to be neg-

lected or even forgotten by the church this Movement, which is both interde- at home. They knew of the costly nominational and international, there buildings at home, and the personal are no more rivalries; we are not luxury; they saw this when on their building up denominations and sects, furloughs, and heard of it through but the Kingdom of God. We have friends. They saw the graduates of really forgotten our sectarian tags; it colleges, sometimes their own ~'college is now, all for each and each for all.

chums," giving to the institutions from The Movement has helped to bring which they graduated, hundreds of about a greater practical cooperation thousands of dollars every year; they between mission boards. The recog- knew the enthusiasm of the class spirit nition of their common cause is in which this was done, and then they making them stand together. At in- wondered why some of that spirit of terdenominational conferences they giving did not inspire Christians in learn of others' works, and are in- the noblest work in the world. There spired by what others are doing to was money enough, they said, fOl lead their own denominations to do everything else, but for that which more. The interchange of good liter- they believed was closest to the heart ature is very common; there are cases of Christ, and for which they were of literature syndicated by one Lay- sacrificing their all. men's Movement to boards of other They saw their own work growing communions, and distributed by them year by year, and the needy hands in large quantities; thus saving money outstretched for help; they heard the and getting the best material avail- pitiful cry for something better from able. In fact, the Movement has put the thousands all about them. Then within the reach of all churches the thev turned to the home land and best in each. In conventions and con- voiced this cry, and it seemed to them ferences, where all meet upon a com- sometimes as tho the churches had mon platform, the best of all is gotten, mocked them. They asked of us' the best methods, the finest enthusi- bread, and, if we did not give them a asm, and the true principles upon stone, many of us sent them only which the work rests. For a hundred crumbs. Some of them had grown years the Church has wasted much of old in the service, and had but a few its strength in profitless discussions; more battles to fight before they were we are trying to hush that voice that to hear the reveille call in another we may more distinctly hear the cry world. Do you wonder that some- of humanity and the voice of God.

times they felt discouraged at the poor In the judgment of some, this is the support we gave them? But this Lay- greatest work of the Laymen's Move- men's Movement has given them new ment.

courage and new hope. They rejoice A New Spirit of Prayer in its success; they pray for still One of the greatest results of this larger things to come. It seems to Movement has been the new spirit of them like the dawning of a new day devotion and the new meaning to for which they have been looking. If prayer which has come to thousands we do not "make good" now we shall of lives. Missions have a place in the break their hearts. It is a sacred trust "Silent Hour," at the family altar, and not to fail these brave men now. in public worship, that they did not The Promotion of Unity have a few years ago. A letter recent- ly 'received from an observer well sit- The Movement has done much to uated to know the facts states that he promote l~nity in the Church. In past believes there is twice as much prayer vears we have been divided into differ- heard in the Church of God for mis- ent camps, and each denomination has sionary work as there was six months been thinking only of its own inter- ago. Prayer is the real dynamo in ests; all this has been changed. In the Church life of to-day as it has been

191I] FOUR YEARS OF THE LAYMEN'S MOVEMENT

in all the movements of the Church churches have ability as never before from the beginning. to invest in foreign missions. God We rejoice to remember always that this Movement was born in a has given us this increased wealth not prayer-meeting. A short time ago, when I was permitted to speak to a to horde but to give, and many during thousand men representing one of the gre,!-t denominations, this word came, the last two or three vears have "zo,ooo people are praying for you." I am sure we can recognize that if so learned that one of the efficient ways many laymen are praying at home, for them to "pray" is to "pay." there will naturally be more prayer in public. The pastor who does not. The figures show that the Laymen's Sunday by Sunday, remember world- Missionary Movement has stood this wide missions in his prayers would severe test, and that men have shown seem to have no place now in the their increased interest by their larger ministry. The "Te Deums" which we gifts. Canada caught the fire of this offer to Him in our worship are a Movement first, and organized a year mockery if we do not translate them in advance of the churches in the into prayer and service for others. United States, and has kept in the Greater than the need of men and lead. Probably the best single illus- tration of the financial success of the money, great as these needs are, is the Movement in a whole city is seen in need of more earnest prayer, and I Toronto, where the gifts have inthink we can feel sure that as a result of this movement such prayers creased from $ZII,217 in 1907, to are being offered. $4JO,773 in 1909-10. These gifts in- clude the work for the home field as well as for work abroad. In the United States the Presbyterian Church South organized very promptly, and their gifts to foreign missions have The Financial Gain. increased in four years from $276,- This review of the past four years 262 to $420,602. It can not fairly be would be incomplete without calling said that all this increase is due to the attention to the gain in the offerings Laymen's Missionary Movement, for to all our mission boards. If world- they had a Forward Movement already wide missions are fundamental to the at work, but the Laymen's Movement life of the Church, then giving to sup- has had a large share in the increase.

port them must be a sacrament. There In addition to the increase noted is ten times as much said in the Bible above, the Laymen's Missionary about giving as about praying. We Movement of this denomination stim- read. "Thy prayers and thine alms are ulated the raising last year of $75,000 come up for a memorial before God." as a special fund for advance work in It is expensive to pray "Thy King- Korea.

dom come," if we really mean it. The The following interesting facts are Laymen's Movement is making it given with regard to the city of Buf- more and more clear that stewardship falo. showing the gain in one year: must mean something, and giving is Four Lutheran churches, from $990 to be more and more a test of disciple- to $3,008.

ship. Not the amount we give, but Twenty-two Methodist Episcopal the proportion it bears to what we churches, from $7,502 to $17,023.

have left. measures the greatness of Twelve Episcopal churches, from the gift. Our increased wealth as a $r ,464 to $3,075. nation, in which the Church has fully Four Presbyterian churches, from shared, makes it possible to do larger $11.332 to $I9,556. things now. The Secretary of State a Twenty Baptist churches, from $4,- little time ago gave our great wealth 358 to $6,430. as a reason why we can now embark The Cathedral Episcopal Church. of more largely in foreign commerce. It r"ouisville, Ky.. gave last year, before certainly is equally true that am the T"aymen's Movement Convention

was held, $468. They had a thorough ment can not be doubted. We have educational campaign, and then made come to a critical hour in the life of the canvass. They are now giving for missions more than $4,000, of which the nations. "The next ten years will, $1,539 is specifically given to the for- in all probability, constitute a turning eign field. point in human history, and may be of more critical importance in deter- We need not follow these details mining the spiritual evolution of manfurther, for there is no end of illus- kind than many centuries of ordinary trations that may be given. The Meth- experience. If those years are wasted odist Church has performed a very havoc may be wrought that centuries distinct service in publishing a leaflet are not able to repair. On the other entitled, "They Did It," which gives hand, if they are rightly used, they under different heads a most valuable may be among the most glorious in summary of specific churches. They Christian history." are admirably arranged in groups, as, for instance: "The Large Church," It has been said that "we need a "The Small Church," "The Country moral equivalent for war." Foreign Church," etc. This leaflet ought to be missions give us that equivalentin its in the possession of every man inter- spirit of conquest, and in the courage ested in the Laymen's Movement. and sacrifices it calls forth. We want We can see the grand result if we to mobilize the men of to-day for the compare the gains of total gifts in the last great struggle. We believe they United States and Canada four years are going to swing into line with such ago with the gifts last year; the gain reserves of money as were not is almost $3,000,000, even in spite of dreamed of a few years ago. Our a period of financial depression. I be- times are full of "big things." I like lieve it will be generally acknowledged the word "big" rather than "large,"

that the largest single factor in bring- it is a much bigger word. The Penn- ing about this great increase has been sylvania Railroad can, at an expense the Laymen's Missionary Movement. of a hundred million dollars, tunnel It is interesting to note as an illus- the Hudson and build a great termi- tration of the direct and the indirect nal. Similar enterprises are going on results, that in one denomination pres- all about us. We are coming to a sure was put upon a group of 18 "big" time in missions; the day of churches to increase their foreign mis- formal praying and petty giving is sionary giving. The result was a gain about over; the day of great consecra· of $10,175. At the same time the tion and self-sacrifice is at hand.

gifts from these Same churches for In the work of our Laymen's Mis- home missions increased $14,150, and sionary Movement all differences of for congregational expenses the in- creed have been forgotten, and we are crease was $27,596. united in a common work. Men are I have heard the public statements beginning to recognize as never before of an official of the Reformed Church the solidarity of the race, that our in America, of the Presbyterian world is one home, that we are child- Church South, and two officials of the ren of one Father, that the barriers Episcopal Church, to the effect that in are now down, and that it is possible their judgment the Laymen's Mission- to reach now all our Father's children ary Movement was the greatest reli- throughout the whole world. It has gious movement since the Reformation been well said, "The nineteenth cen- of the sixteenth century. How far tury made the world a neighborhood, this is true it is for each person to the twentieth must make it a brother- judge for himself, but that, by the hood." vVe want to put ourselves and blessing of God, a mighty work has all we have and are into this men's already been done through this Move- Movement.

EDITORIALS

UNSUPPORTED MISSIONARIES the amount urgently needed, for a "The laborer is worthy of his hire" ; useless luxury. We need more sym- he is also worthy of proper tools, pathy and fellowship in sacrifice with suitable buildings in which to work, our missionaries at the front.

and sympathetic cooperation from his Another home missionary lady-a fellow workmen. In the last few college graduate, of good family- weeks we have received several letters lives in a small, uncomfortable house, describing the conditions under which without prOPer sanitary or housekeep- missionaries in home and foreign ing arrangements, without sufficient fields are obliged to wear themselves salary to employ help, even for the out. most menial and arduous work. Sht: From a home mission station in the is devoting her strength of body, "Vest comes the following letter from mind and spirit to the work of helpone of the noblest, most self-sacrifi- ing the needy mountaineers, and in cing, refined, educated, Christian wo- addition to this, is being worn out by men we have ever met: financial anxieties, because the Chris- "Mr. – – and I have been much tians in comfortable circumstances are overtaxed during these last years, and not willing to share the burden. have had a great financial burden in Another letter came, relating to a connection with the school. The work foreign mission field. A school had is developing splendidly, but we have been opened, with the approval of the had a hard time trying to carryon mission board. The opportunities the school. Last year we almost had proved to be great, for native boys to give up, but we decided to hold on came in large numbers, in spite of the a little longer, hoping the churches fact that the instruction and influence would rally to our support. We have of the school was avowedly Christian. taken the school-children into our The appropriation from the board at home, because there were no funds home was not even sufficient to buy to put the school building- into liv- the desks needed, nor did it permit of able condition. I have wondered if securing the necessary teachers. The some one could not become interested very need of such work, and the suc- to endow the Christian schools for cess of the school was a burden. Re- Indians. Government schools do not sult: One missionary invalided home fill the bill, for Christian education and the man who was asked to take is most needed. It is pitiable to see his place–one of the most capable such good work hampered for lack and noble of men-in danger of a of funds. Here, for instance, we have similar breakdown because of over- barely enough for running expenses, strain. Much, if not all, of this strain economize as best we can, so that our might have been relieved if adequate building is run down and needs financial support came from the home from $300 to $500 to put things in church.

livable condition. If we had even We hold that it is little less than a $.So to paint and repair the interior crime for the mission boards and the where absolutely needed, we could use churches at home, to send trained, the building again, and be relieved of capable, devoted missionaries to the some of the burden. How we wish front and authorize the opening' of that some Protestant Christian would schools and other work, and then become the benefactor of this work." leave them without the necessary This letter was sent to a pastor of equipment and supplies. Better oc- a wealthy church of the same denomi- cupy fewer stations and strengthen nation. He referred it to the local these, than spread out in many direc- missionary society and they declined tions and allow many stations and to help because of other pledges. At many missionaries to die of neglect.

the same time some members of that The missionary officers are using church would not hesitate to spend every effort to administer wisely the

funds entrusted to them. It is the Asiatics in the past fifty years. Then Christians in the home churches who Christianity was despised and prohib- must share the joy of sacrifice with ited; to-day it is recognized and ad- the missionaries at the front. mired, even by government officials WILL ASIA BECOME CHRISTIAN? who do not accept it. Then the Chris- tian Scriptures were circulated in se- It is hazardous for mere man to as- cret; to-day they are openly distrib- sume the role of prophet and to fore- uted and read far and wide. Then, tell the future. Occasionally, how- in Japan, there was not one Protestant ever, a man assumes this prerogative Christian in Japan; to-day they are of God, even when it brings him into members of Parliament, judges, proconflict with the divine forecast. Re- fessors in the Imperial University.

cently, Lord Curzon, formerly Vice- editors, and officers in the army and roy of India, has ventured to express navy. Then there was no organized the opinion that Asia will not accept Church in Japan; to-day they are Christianity or displace the present found all over the country, many of pagan systems of religion. The rea- them self-supporting and missionary. sons given for this are the tempera- A similar showing can be given for mental and national differences be- India and for China, and a much more wonderful history of Korea. tween Asiatics and Europeans.

As an individual opinion, this is not worthy of notice, but as a sentiment SPIRITUAL AND POLITICAL VISION that is likely to be echoed by many It is not to be expected that men others who readily follow a public whose ambitions, ideals and efforts are man, it may occasion comment. Lord entirely in the plane of the material Curzon seems to overlook some facts: and temporal will sympathize with or ( I) Christianity is by birth and par- understand the ambitions, judgments, entage an Asiatic religion; (2) Christ ideals and efforts of Christians to transforms human nature; (3) a mil- evangelize the world. Those whose lion or more Asiatics have already be- purpose in life is temporal pleasure. come Christians, and paganism is material advancement in commerce or daily losing hold in Asia. world dominion, in civilization, or This is the testimony of multitudes even in philanthropic improvements. of statesmen as discerning and ex- can not comprehend the viewpoint of perienced as Lord Curzon. Sir An- men who would sacrifice the temporal drew Frazer, for instance, ex-Gov- for the sake of the eternal. These ernor of Bengal, who has known In- two classes of men can never agree as dia intimately for nearly 40 years, to what is most worth while in ex- takes direct issue with the ex-Viceroy. penditure of time, or strength, or He says: "I believe that the influ- money, or life. For instance, a man ence of Christianity is growing in a to whom material and temporal things most remarkable manner. There is an mean most will approve of spending opportunity now such as never existed $375,000,000 and hundreds of lives in before. There is a toleration, nay, building the Panama Canal, which an rather a welcoming, of Christian earthquake may destroy in an hour, teaching which is without precedent. but he will count foolish and unneces- I think that this opportunity exists as sary waste the expenditure of $25,- much among the higher and more edu- 000,000 and a few lives in extending cated as among the opprest and ig- the knowledge of God among men.

norant classes." tho this means building spiritual Dr. Imbrie, of Japan, a man who foundations and characters that will has had wide and deep experience with abide for eternity. It may be possible the Oriental in his religious life, has and wise to build both material and pointed out some of the signs of the spiritnal structures. but it is not well grip that Christianity has gainecl on to he so absorbeil with the temporal

that the eternal is forgotten or its im- or spiritual battIe will be unmentioned. portance minimized. A man who risks his life to save an- other from fire or water will receive Many men are imprest with the fact a hero's medal, but a man or woman that philanthropic work at home and who gives up all, and with persistent medical work abroad make a stronger sacrifice, 110t on the impulse of a moappeal to all classes of men than does ment, devotes life, and perhaps dies purely spiritual work. Multitudes will a martyr in trying to save souls in give to save the starving millions in Africa or Persia, that man or woman China, or the poor fisherfolk of the is overlooked or is called a foolish Labrador, or the consumptives or fire visionary. sufferers in New York, who would not feel any inclination to give one cent It is well to care for the bodies and for spiritual instruction arid eternal temporal betterment of men, but it is salvation of negroes in Africa, or less important than to care for their Chinese or Hindus. It is a sign that eternal welfare. "These things ought men live in the temporal and do not ye to have done and not to have left appreciate the spiritual realities. They the others undone." are sensitive to the degradation, suffering and death of the body, but are IN CHURCH AND OUT blind and unappreciative of the degradation, the suffering, the death of the According to government statistics, soul. What a man, woman or child over sixty per cent. of the people of will experience for one hour in the the United States are not connected body means more to them than what with any church. Of the remainder, these same men, women and children thirteen per cent. are counted among will experience throughout eternity. the adherents of the Roman Catholics and twenty-four per cent. among the Is not this the explanation of the Protestants. In many States the profact that while millionaires give large portion of non-church to the church sums to establish hospitals, libraries population is as great as in the world and tuberculosis and scientinc insti- at large. Of the earth's inhabitants, tutes and educational funds, very few two out of three are not connected will give equal amounts to cure blind, with any kind of Christian sect, but deaf or diseased souls, or to help raise the same proportion exists in Marythe spiritually dead to immortality? land, Maine, West Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Florida, Arkan- The same tendency of men to over- sas, Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, North Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Indian look the spiritual and to see only the Territory, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Montana, Idaho, physical is evident in the modern in- Wyoming and Texas. Surely there is still great need for aggressive home sensitiveness to sin as against God, missionary work in the United States. while acknowledging the danger and evil of social vices that affect the in- "The Men and Religion Forward dividual and society. Men who lie to Movement," to which we have already referred, is a union of all the prin- God are considered less gUilty than cipal church brotherhoods and inter- denominational men's societies to those who lie to man. The impure bring to the attention of men and boys the supreme claims of religion. This thought is considered of little impor- is to be done by means of literature, evangelistic meetings, Bible study, mistance in comparison with the impure sionary meetings, etc. The chairman of the movement is James G. Cannon, act. The robbery of dues to the cre- of New York, and the campaign leader is Mr. Fred. B. Smith, of the Young ator is overlooked, when robbery of a Men's Christian Association. Eight neighbor would be condemned as a crime.

The same insensitiveness to spiritual realities is seen in the acts that are applaUded as heroic and the news that is printed in the newspapers. Politics crowd out religion j a physical battle will be given a full page, but a moral

day campaigns are to be held in the 100,000,000 apportioned as the share leading cities of America, and these of this denomination. are to be followed by efforts to conserve and direct the results of the cam- Every pastor and church has repaign in practical ways. It is a task ceived a document setting forth the worthy of the effort of Christian men cooperative missionary scheme to help to seek out and bring into the Church forward the speedy evangelization of of Christ the more than three million the world. The plan is to bring every men, of Protestant affiliations, who are church up to the standard before the still outside the Church. lapse of ten years since the Omaha convention, 1907. First, Dr. Charles A committee of ninety-seven has E. Bradt and a company of reprebeen appointed to select the ninety sentative men and women are, this cities for the campaign and to make year, to visit the foreign fields. Secthe necessary arrangements. Sunday, retary Bradt also plans to secure 10,- September 24th, is to be observed as 000 correspondents, in as many a Rally Day for Men and Boys in churches, who will receive reports of every church and other Christian or- the tour and bring them before their ganization in the country. The climax churches. A volume, giving the reof the campaign is to come on Con- sults of the investigation, is to be servation Day, April 28, 1912. Be- printed on the return of the party, and tween those dates it is expected that is to be distributed to the correspondmillions of men will be brought face ents. to face with their responsibility to God and their need of Christ. It is Following this foreign tour and rehoped that hundreds of thousands will port, the real work of the campaign be truly converted and led into the is to begin with a five-year canvass of CRttrd1. the churches to bring them up to the standard. The whole movement is This is a movement that is worthy financed independently, so that no exof the best and the most that men can pense will be incurred by the Mission give. Above all, there is need of Board. prayer, heart-searching, and abandonment to the leading and power of the The membership fee for correspond- Holy Spirit. "Not by might nor by ents is $2.50, to cover the expense of an army, but by My Spirit, saith the printing and postage. Every corre- Lord." spondent is also to be a praying mem- ber of the campaign. THE OMAHA STANDARD CAMPAIGN We commend most heartily this en- It is well to set up a standard that ergetic, business-like campaign to obis difficult but not impossible to reach. tain the facts, disseminate the knowl- Otherwise no progress can be made, edge, and to create a body of intellino goal can be gained. The Congre- gent "key-men" and women in the gational Church is seeking to reach a churches. May it have the cooperadesired standard in missionary gifts tion of the Christians and be prosby the apportionment plan; the Pres- pered by God. byterian Church in the United States is adopting the "Omaha Standard," Donations Received and is making a vigorous campaign to an average of ten cents per week per 417 Indust. Ev. Mission, India ………… $ 5.00 member for foreign missions. This 418 Chinese famine sufferers _. . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.00 does not seem too much to ask, but it wouln mean a fivefold increase in the 419 Chinese famine sufferers………….. 1.00 gifts of the Church-a total of $6,- 420 Chinese famine sufferers ………… 28.50 000,000 annually to evangelize the 421 School for Moslem boys, Pc,.<;ia …….. 15.00 422 China Inland Mission ……………. 32.00 423 Chinese famine sufferers ………. . 5 00 424 School for Moslem Boys, Url1mia….. 12.00 425 Chinese Famine Sufferers …………. 20.00 426 School for Moslem Boys. Persia ….. 30.00 .

I II ………. .

.. .1 MAP -OF–NO~. RTH AMERICA , – -Fi-an,cRtselcio8ncfeoUS.~-,~,-e~m.-Ibzearls/ohnjsp L-.J PROTESTAN c=J _ RO T MAN CATHOLIC NON-CHURCH -r"'j] ~J "l,; ~0 From a rnap published by the (lMen and Religion" ~r oycment. IN CHURCH AND OUT IN NORTH AMERICA NORTH AMERICA two. ~arge halls and the large canvas pavlllon. Among the speakers will be The Gideon. and Their Giant Task such well-known men as Ben B. Lind- sey, Wm. J. Bryan, Charles W. Fair- A few years ago a number ot banks, Russell H. Conwell, Charles M. Christian commercial travelers banded Sheldon, Booker T. Washington, Comthemselves together for mutual bene- mander Eva Booth, and others. The fit and service, and later fashioned a great questions of personal religion, scheme for supplying every room of evangelism, missions, temperance, every hotel in the land with a copy of civic righteousness, interdenominationthe Bible, estimating the number re- al fellowship and international brothquired at 1,000,000. Through their erhood, will be discust. Three new efforts some 70,000 copies have been features are to be introduced: A quiet supplied to 650 hotels, and an order hour service on the pier in the beauty was recently sent to the American and freshness of the early morning, Bible Society for 100,000 more. Soon a Christian Endeavor institnte in sev- 50,000 will be placed in New York eral sections, to discuss, under expert City hotels, 5,000 in Boston and 25,000 leadership, the manifold phases of the in hotels on the Pacific Coast, this work, and a consultation hour, during shipment filling two freight-cars. which Endeavorers can bring their problems to experts for consideration Fruit of the Laymen's Movement in a conversational way. The after- noons and evenings will be given to The annual meeting of the executive simultaneous mass-meetings on the committee of the Laymen's Mission- pier. ary Movement, held in New York City recently, was largely attended. The Missions to African. in America report of the results of the movement in the two years since it was launched Ex-Governor Northen, of Georgia, were of a gratifying character. The calls on the whites of the South to meeting is represented to have been interest themselves in the religious one of the "strongest ever held." The help of the negroes of their own comgain in the total gifts for foreign mis- munity. He says: sions in the United States and Canada over four years ago is about $3,000,- "If we do not, the civilization of the 000. Some of the best reports come South is doomed to final decay and from the South, where the movement thousands of human souls to eternal has been most vigorously pushed. "It death. We must be brave enough to is clear that the present task is not resist the restraints of an unrighteous so much to hold great mass-meetings public opinion with its race prejudice. as to outline and put into operation Prejudice of any kind is born of the an adequate program of missionary natural man, and is not the spirit of finance and missionary education and Christ. Many consecrated men and of prayer for missions. Its final contri- women would undertake to teach the bution to a new era in giving and Bible to negroes if they did not fear service will depend on the patience, social ostracism. Weare told that all wisdom and persistence with which negroes will deliberately lie and steal, this necessarily quiet and sometimes and that they are thoroughly degenertedious 'follow-up' work is done." ate. But the most striking element in the plan of the Gospel is its power The Twenty-fifth Christian Endeavor to save to the uttermost. Jesus came to call sinners, not nice people, to re- Convention pentance. I have heard many sermons preached on missions to. African ne- The twenty-fifth International groes, but never one on missions to Christian Endeavor Convention will thos~ in our South. I have heard many convene in Atlantic City, N. J., on July pubhc prayers offered for the success 6th next, and contintte its sessions un- of missions in Africa, but never one til the 12th. The Million-dollar Pier has been engaged for the entire week, and the meetings will be held in the for the salvation of our own negroes. world ever rose from a single parish But what is the difference between an with 100 communicants to an arch- unsaved negro in Africa and an un- diocese of 1,000,000 souls in 75 years, saved negro here?" with 188 Catholic churches, 143 pa- Distributing a Great Legacy rochial schools, in which are 81,680 pupils. The city has German, Italian, The Board of Foreign Missions of French, Spanish, Persian, Negro, Sythe Presbyterian Church not so long rian, Hungarian, Belgian, Crotian, since received in cash and securi- Swiss, Lithuanian, and Catholics of ties the largest bequest ever made to many other nationalities.-:l1ichigan a missionary board in this country. Christian Advocate. It came from the estate of John S.

Kennedy, whose benefactions by will Chinese Students in America to various enterprises of the Church According to one of the newspaper were announced a year and a half ago. The amount turned into correspondents, there are now 120 imthe treasury of the board was perial students in the United States, $2,300,000. It is understood that under the care of Yung Kwai, secreone-third of this amount is to be used tary of the Imperial Chinese Legation in Washington. I n addition, there are immediately for the equipment of mis- twenty students who have been sent sions already established in Africa, In- over by the several executive departdia, Siam, Persia and China. The remainder of the bequest is to be divided ments of the Chinese Government for into seven parts of about $200,000 special training. These are also under each, three of which are to be used the care of Yung Kwai. There are for educational work, three for evan- also fifty-seven students sent over and gelistic work, and one to be held as supported by the governments of the a reserve fund. several provinces, who have been se- lected in the same way and are being A World Tour for Mi..ion Study educated for the same purpose as those sent by the Imperial Government. The personnel of the party going This makes a total of 197 students around the world in the interest of under the care of Yung Kwai. Corforeign missions under the auspices of nell University is the favorite instituthe Board of Foreign Missions of the tion, the University of Illinois second, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., has the University of Wisconsin third. been recently announced. The party will start July 1st, sailing from New Japanese Miuion in Chicago York. Three months will be spent in Great Britain and Europe studying the There was an impressive scene at beginnings of missions, and the pres- the Japanese Mission on the South ent religious conditions of those coun- Side of Chicago on a recent Sunday tries. The party will then visit evening. Seven Japanese young men Greece, Turkey, Syria, Palestine and came forward and knelt upon a cush- Egypt, Ceylon, India and Burma, the ion while they were baptized into the Straits Settlements, Siam and Laos, Christian faith. They were converted Hainan and the Philippines, China, in a series of meetings conducted by Manchuria, Korea, Japan and the Ha- Rev. Mr. Kimura, who had returned waiian Islands. The party will be to Chicago to attend the Moody Instiabroad about a year; possibly a little tute celebration. Mr. Kimura was a longer. (See editorial, page 382.) student of the institute twelve years ago. He then went to Japan, where Chicago a Catholic Center he has since labored. He has remark- Chicago has become one of the lead- able gifts and force as a preacher, and ing Roman Catholic cities of the world, his efforts are blest with success. The ranking with Rome, Paris, Vienna, mission is independent of any denom- Dublin and Munich as a stronghold of ination, and is conducted by Rev. Mr.

that Church. No other city in the Shimadzu, whose devotion to the

11 ] GENERAL MISSIONARY

work has accomplished much. At a and Western, but now all are united in recent service the young men present the Canadian Foreign Mission Board.

pledged $600 toward the purchase of The total income is $62,724, and in a building for the mission, yet none the missions are 6,740 communicants of them is earning more than a small and 3,700 pupils in day schools.

wage. The collection-basket on that Perila in the Far North Sunday evening came back with onedollar bills instead of nickels and Some time since the Dawson Daily News told how Bishop Stringer, of dimes. the English diocese of the Mackenzie Japanese Population in Hawaii River, and his traveling companion, The Japanese population of Hawaii the Rev. Charles F. Johnson, fought is considerably more than half the to- their way through a desolate waste tal population of the islands. The fig- and over the mountains of the Great ures show a total population in 1910 Divide, in the attempt to pass from the basin of the Mackenzie River to of 191,909 persons, of. whom 9Q!663 the headwaters of the Porcupine, are Japanese. The native Hawallans which empties into the Yukon. The number 26,099, the Chinese 21,6gg. Of the small remainder a great many gaunt wolf, hunger, which dogs the are Portuguese and a small number steps of every arctic traveler, came are Americans. The Review of Re- into the open and showed his teeth. zJiews quotes an article by ~r. ~. When they turned back on what Tsutsuda, in a Japanese magazllle, III proved to be a twenty-seven days' which these figures are given. The tramp they had food sufficient for author says that the exclusion agree- three days. A few ptarmigan and ment entered into by the American squirrels, killed on the journey, helped and Japanese governments was a blow to eke this out. The last few days to Japanese interests in Hawaii, but they kept alive by eating their moccaonly temporary evil resulted and good sins and mucklucks (boots made of has also resulted. The Japanese birth- raw sealskin). These were soak~d rate has increased considerably; for, until they became soft, then cut III while the agreement excludes Japa- strips and toasted over the fire. It nese laborers, it permits the entry of was fifty-one days from the time of Japanese women who are wives of their departure when they stumbled those already residing in Hawaii. The upon a trapper's trail which led them result is that while male adult Japa- to an Indian camp, where they found nese are not so numerous, the number food and shelter. Each man had lost of female adult Japanese is constantly fifty pounds in weight. increasing. This, the author says, has had a favorable influence upon the SPANISH AMERICA moral atmosphere of Japanese colonies. Self-supporting Churches in Mexico At present there are about 6,400 Japanese children attending pubnc schools The Christian Observer says, speakmaintained by the Hawaiian authorities. These children, besides attending the ing of a marked upward and forward American schools, spend two or three hours every day in Japanese schools, movement: where instruction is given in Japanese. There are 102 primary schools and a "The awakening is seen in the inhigh-school, all established and maintained by the Japanese. creased contributions of Mexican Affiliation of Canadian Baptilts Christians. These contributions go to- ward the support of pastors, toward building and improving churches and chapels; toward the support of schools, cCoallreC~Teens and seminaries. Laguna del is a town down in the State Hitherto there have been three mis- of Campeche where work was just besion boards in Canada under Baptists, gun last February. Two ministers the Maritime, Ontario and Quebec, went there at that time and began

work at once. Since then the work Jay schools under their control, two has continued, and in less than one of the teachers being daughters of the year of its history they have this rec- pastor." ord toward the support of the Gospel to their credit: They have paid on an How Panamanians Are Churched average $20 a month for a pastor, have bought chairs, lamps, and a pul- Deeply interesting is the record of pit, and an organ at a cost of nearly results already achieved by religious $300; have paid rent for a place of workers in the Canal Zone, tho it is worship, and for the pastor's residence only five years since church work was $14 a month. This congregation asks initiated, under authorization of the that the Presbytery hold its next Isthmian Commission. The Canal meeting with them. In the State of Record officially states that there are Yucatan is another congregation only now 39 churches in the Panama Zone: three years old which during the past Catholic, 7; Episcopal, 13; Methodist, year helped its pastor to the extent 3; Baptist, 7; Adventist, I; undenomof $300 and gave $275 for other pur- inational, 8. Of these 39 church poses. Another church in the same buildings, 26 are owned by the Canal State, a little more than a year ago Commission, and all but two are built called a pastor at a salary of $80 per on land owned by the United States month, and unasked, it has been raised Government. The commission has 15 to $120 and is paid in advance. This chaplains in its regular service; there congregation contributed last year for are resident chaplains at the Ancon all purposes, $3,000. and Colon hospitals. From the outset, it has been the policy of the commis- The Moody of Mexico sion to give every encouragement to church work, recognizing its impor- From the same source comes this tance in making for morality and good item: order throughout the Zone. This in- fluence has been a most efficient and "The Presbyterian Church in Mex- valuable aid in improving the morals ico City is a good example of a church of Panama and in fighting the vice and at work for God. The pastor of the wickedness which prevailed there a church is the well-known Dr. Arcadio few years ago.-Homiletic Review. Morales, the Moody of Mexico. He himself is a flaming evangel, and has EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN gathered around him a band of thirtyeight who assist him in the various The Growth of a Century soul-saving agencies that he has established. The church is eminently mis- The Almanac of the Church Missionary. The members first give sionary Society gives the following themselves to God and then give of stateinent about this organization, their means to extend the knowledge of our Lord among the lost. Pastor which was founded in 1799: "c. M. Morales and his associates have established 13 congregations where at least S. missionaries, who number 1,360, once each week, and sometimes as with the aid of over 400 native clergy many as five times, the people gather and a great company of native teachfor the worship of God and the study ers, catechists and Bible women, are of His Word. While the pastor is evangelizing, teaching, healing, nurspreaching at the Central church at II ing, training, rescuing, translating, in A.M. on Sunday morning, there are six Africa, Egypt, Palestine, Turkishother services in different parts of the Arabia, Persia, India, Ceylon, Mauricity and its suburbs being conducted tius, China, Japan, N. W. Canada and by members of his congregations. British Columbia. There are over They also work in the prisons and 360,000 adherents, and about 10,000 hospitals of the city, and have three adult baptisms take place every year. Some £ 390,000 are needed annually to maintain existing work." Zenana Bible and Medical Mi••ion the Germans of South Russia, noting one item of 7,000 Bibles with As the pioneer among zenana mis- Schnorr's illustrations. It also has sions, this society has maintained its published a new Catholic translation twofold ministry of preaching and of the New Testament into German by healing for sixty years. The women Dr. F. von Alliotti, which has the and girls of India have been the ob- papal approbation. ject of its care and sympathy, and its progress has meant an ever widening A Great German Y. M. C. A. stream of mercy and beneficence. Deeply interesting is the record of the The Stuttgart Y. M. C. A. has a society's progress. At the end of the great Association house which cost first twenty years of its activity there 1,400,000 marks. It has 2,345 active were 17 European missionaries and 26 members and more than 1,000 passive Indian workers laboring in 233 members. Fifty-eight family evezenanas and 18 schools. The number nings (gatherings to which members' of pupils was 304, and they met in families were invited), 355 lectures, hired houses and in any building 51 music evenings, 38 foreign mission which could be obtained. There was meetings, 32 debates, 53 garden gathno medical or orphanage work. At erings, very many Bible circles, ten the end of 1909 the society had 150 song choirs, five string orchestral highly qualified European mission- groups, six brass bands, five Sundayaries, graduates or students of British schools with 1,200 children, illustrate universities, 260 Indian workers, 5 its activity. In the year past 300,000 hospitals, where more than 33,000 papers and tracts have been distribpatients were treated, 12 dispensaries, uted by members; social gatherings where 80,000 attendances were made. have been held for hotel employees, In 47 schools and training institutions police, street-car men. There are secthere were over 3,000 pupils. Over tions for bakers, gardeners, soldiers, 6,000 zenanas are regularly visited, technical students. Numerous educaand Bible women and missionaries tional courses and gymnastic courses itinerate in more than 750 villages. are carried on and summer excursions In addition, there is a home for lepers, arranged for. Four hundred guests another for untainted children of are served at its restaurant daily and lepers, two orphanages for girls, and its 80 chambers constantly occupied. two industrial homes for widows. It has six secretaries and a chief secre- tary. Its monthly paper has a circu- THE CONTINENT lation of 5,500 copies.

Bible Distribution in Germany The Care of Youth in Prussia The Bible is the most widely dis- The Prussian Government has been tributed and most read book in Ger- considering the youth of the Fathermany, according to the German Bible land, in order to bring wholesome in- Society's report. The sale last year fluence to bear upon lads from the age amounted to 1,350,521 entire Bibles, of fourteen, when compulsory school- Testaments and Portions. A great in- ing ceases, and twenty, when army crease in 1909 is chiefly due to the discipline begins. The result is a issuing by the Scottish Bible Society's scheme of "Youth-Care" (Jugendcontinental branch of illustrated Bible pflege), planned for the entire kingportions, which have had in the past dom, and designed to promote reading year a surprizing sale among conti- and recreation along lines that will nental Catholics. This is a suggestion prove of lasting benefit. In a proswhich might bear fruit elsewhere. pectus, issued for the information of Catholic peoples are accustomed to committees, the scheme is thus defined: having religion presented to them pic- "The function of Youth-Care is to torially. The Wiirtemberg Bible In- work toward the creation of a joyful, stitution reports great sales among physically efficient, morally excellent youth, filled with sense of solidarity, controverted topics should be intro- fear of God, and love for the home uuced in the Cortes without the con- and Fatherland." sent of the Holy See. Senor Cas- Trouble in Russian Universities tillo, Minister of the Interior, in dis- cussing this proposal, said: "We can A clash between students and pro- not share our sovereignty with Rome." fessors in Russian universities and the Spain's answer to the Vatican note is Government authorities has brought firm. Senor Canalejas has the supabout a state of affairs that could not port of the Cabinet in insisting that be paralleled in any other country and there be no negotiations on the relican hardly be understood. More than gious association law. 1,000 students are in jail awaiting trial for breaches of the peace, 120 pro- Priesta in Portugal fessorial chairs are vacant through The Roman Catholic authorities are dismissals or resignations, and in endeavoring to make peace with the some universities lectures have had to Portuguese Republic. It appears that be abandoned in all classes. The dis- the recent conspiracy of the Episco- turbance extends to the universities of pate against the Provisional Govern- St. Petersburg, Moscow, Kieff, War- ment had the approval of the author- saw, Kharkoff, and even of Tomsk, ities at Rome; but, as that conspiracy in Siberia. The Progressist League failed, the clergy are now evincing a of Students has addrest a declaration desire to come to terms with the Gov- to Premier Stolypin, saying that the ernment. It is reported that the ad- disorders in the universities will cease vancing spirit of penitence is largely when the students are permitted to due to the vigorous threat of the Gov- hold public meetings without inter- ernment to bring about the separation ference, and when the students now of the Church from the State, and, under arrest are set free. moreover, to refuse such pensions as Sects in the Papacy have hitherto been paid. Meantime, the Government declines to release the The Roman Church reproaches arrested priests until the clergy as a Protestantism for its sectarian divi- body have signified their loyal adhesions, but Rome is far from united. sion to the republic. In the Roman Church there are the orthodox and the old Catholics, the Greece and the Bible modernists, and liberal Catholics, the Gallicans. Monastic orders also re- The British and Foreign Bible Sogard each other with sectarian bitter- ciety-and with it other societies-is ness. For centuries there has been a in a peculiar position in Greece. For feud between the regular clergy and a period of sixty years the society has the monastic orders. The Papacy is been allowed the utmost freedom in by no means a model of unity. circulating the Bible in modern Greek, and fully a million copies were cir- Spain and the Vatican culated in that time. An unfortunate storm broke out in Athens in 1901, An official statement by the Vatican and since that time the circulation has of the relations between the Papal been stopt. The cause of the storm Court and Spain confirms the informa- was twofold. A Mr. Pallis, a mer- tion given in telegrams from Madrid. chant, issued a copy of the Bible in Spain attempted to reopen negotia- the vernacular, and a Greek professor tions regarding the reduction of the of theology, under the patronage of number of the religious orders and Queen Olga, issued another. The for- congregations and to consult the Holy mer was considered too vulgar, and in See about the law of religious associa- the latter the "Slav influence" was tions. The Vatican exprest a willing- feared, as Queen Olga was a Russian ness to reopen negotiations only on princess. Strange as the trouble condition that no legislation on the seems to outsiders, to the Athenians

I9II ] GENERAL MISSIONARY

it was a very serious matter indeed. Morocco (one of the dark places in They rioted in the streets, demanded the world to-day) is typical of the the retirement of the metropolitan degradation of Islam; Persia of its bishop, and even overthrew the Cab- disintegration,. Arabia of its stagna- inet. This led to the stoppage of the tion; Egypt of its attempted reforma- circulation of all modern Greek ver- tion; China shows the neglect of Is- sions, and the Bible Society's work lam; Java the conversion of Islam; was placed under a ban. Altho ten India the opportunity to reach Islam; years have passed, the same state of Equatorial Africa its peril. Each of affairs still exists, and altho powerful these typical conditions is in itself an representations have been made at appeal. The supreme need of the Athens in the hope of securing per- Moslem world is Jesus Christ. He mission for the circulation of the alone can give light to Morocco, unity "authorized" version, they have so far to Persia, life to Arabia, rebirth to failed. Egypt, reach the neglected in China, ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS win Malaysia, meet the opportunity in India, and stop the aggressive peril in The Host of Mohammedans Africa.

The total population of the Moslem world has been variously estimated Islam's Grip Upon It. Adherents from I75,000,000 to 259,000,000. Fol- A recent visitor to the Orient has lowing the estimate of the Cairo Con- written: "One is tremendously imprest ference, we have 200,000,000 distrib- by the grip this faith has upon its fol- uted as follows: India, 62,000,000: lowers. It seems to be religion in its Java, 24,000,000; Russian Empire, most tenacious form. I t is entrenched 20,000,000; Turkish Empire, 14,000,- strong and deep in the life of the peo- 000, and China, 5,000,000 to 10,000,- ple. I visited Brousa, the ancient cap- 000. Next come Persia, Morocco, ital, where the first six sultans are Algeria, Arabia and Afghanistan, with entombed, a stronghold to-day of con- popUlations varying from 4,000,000 to servative reactionary Mohammedan- 9,000,000. The most significant fact ism. We could count 60 mosques is that it is in almost every case a from the windows of the girls' school.

growing population. In India itself One hundred thousand Mohammedans the Moslem population has increased in a city of I 20,000, and 95 per cent.

during the last decade by over 9 per of them go regularly to the mosque cent. In Tibet it is estimated that for prayer. That is the sort of thing there are 20,000 Moslems, and in that makes you stop and think. Con- South Africa they are now to be found verting the world doesn't look so easy all the way from the Cape to the over here as it does in a Laymen's Kongo. In Abyssinia they are rapidly Convention. Think of the faithful- growing, and in the New World they ness of the faithful, when they can not now number 56,600, 8,000 of whom attend public worship, of their plump- are to be found in the United States. ing down anywhere-on the decks of The Many-aidedness of Moslem Millllions ships, in railroad cars, in market- No other work on the mission field places, and going their 'holy gymnascan be presented from so many diver- tics !' There is a strange power in gent angles of interest as the great this religion."-Congregationalist and Christian World. dark, despairing, defiant, desperate Moslem world. Lucknow is a moun- I.rael Returns to Palestine tain-top of vision second not even to The Zionist ideal of the repeopling of Cairo. As our eyes sweep the horizon Palestine by the Jews is being steadily of all these lands dominated or im- realized. In a few decades the Jewish periled by this great rival faith, each population in the Holy Land has in- seems to stand out as typical of one creased from 20,000 to nearly 100,000 of the factors in the great problem. residents, mostly emigrants or children

of emigrants, from Russia, Rumania, different environments and circum- America and other countries. Now stances and with different aims and that the Palestine Land Development objects, is not quite suited to our pres- Company is displaying greater activity, ent needs and requirements." How the return of the chosen people to the different this is to the Maharapah of chosen land must proceed on a still Darbhanga's statement that, "on the larger scale. whole," caste "has wrought benefi- Turkey and Zionism cently in the Hindu social order." Raja Rampal Singh declares, on the The Zionist movement has suffered contrary, that tho it may be said to its a setback through opposition recently credit that the present social structure exprest in the Turkish Parliament. "has withstood many a storm and The Grand Vizier, in particular, has tempest in the past, the continnous spoken with contempt of Zionism and and strong current of the influences its expectations. In a statement which, of Western civilization, to which it is in some measure, serves as a reply to exposed now, is proving too strong recent misrepresentations, Herr David even for its compactness; and owing Wolffsohn, president of the movement, to a number of social evils that are says: "There are millions of Jews dominating it on all sides and underand Christians who believe in the ad- mining its very foundation, the whole vent of a Jewish kingdom in Pales- edifice is liable to fall and bury us untine. Our organization, however, is der its debris." He also pleads for a not based on the religious idea, but remodeling of the whole structure. simply aims at creating a home for the Jewish people in Palestine, in full The Gospel for India conformity with the consent of the In the course of an address on "The Turkish Government." Conquest of India for Christ," Sir Presbyterian Work in Persia William Mackworth Young, speaking with the knowledge gained by his In- The physician in charge of the hos- dian experience as a former Lieutenpital and dispensary at U rumia re- ant-Governor of the Punjab, declared ports for the year, 360 patients and that assistance given to the Christian 430 operations; 15,000 patients treated missions in India helps to confer upon in dispensary and in trips to the vil- the 300,000,000 inhabitants of that lages. Many very poor and destitute vast empire the only boon which cases were in the hospital during the would meet their requirements, and year, as well as the middle class and upon the British Government an added the wealthy. Between the little epi- sonrce of stability. leptic street beggar, who from his bed of warm ashes under a public bath- What Christianity Has Already Done house fell into the fire-pit, in a fit, It is stated by Mr. D. Lazarus, ill and had his arms and legs burned to a a contribution to the Indian Review, crisp, and came here to linger a week that the Indian Christians now numand die, and the epileptic Kurdish ber about 4,000,000, i.e., about one- Sheik who came down with twenty hundredth of the entire population of servants, bedding, samovars, rugs and our great Dependency. He is very satin robes, there was a wide gap in hopeful about the part which they will worldly estate, but very little differ- play in the future of India, as large ence in their need of the Christian numbers of them are intensely loyal physician. as well as educated. It is said that INDIA one graduate out of every twelve is a The Need of Social Reform Christian, which is the more remark- At the recent Social Conference able when it is remembered that most held in Allahabad the Hon. Raja Ram- of them have been gathered from pal Singh declared that the present "the deprest classes." The attain- Hindu social structure, "built under ments, too, of these Christian students

19II ] GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

are noteworthy; and the fact that a pointment of an Indian priest as an number of Indian Christian women archdeacon in the diocese of Lahore.

have taken degrees in medicine, arts The Rev. Ihsan Ullah has been ap- and literature points to possibilities the pointed to this post and will be called importance of which can scarcely be Archdeacon of Delhi. His duties will overestimated.-London Christian. be to go about among the Indian con- Idolatry Disappearing gregations for the object of deepening spirituallife, stirring them up to more Writing in Darkness and Light, systematic self-support, and suggest- Miss Gertrude Dickson, of the Ceylon and India General Mission, reports that ing methods for its promotion; to give in many villages the people have said attention to the condition of religious they no longer worship idols. "We education in mission schools, and to visited a village where the old site has exercise pastoral care of Indian Chrisbeen forsaken for a new one farther tians who are resident in isolated up, and we saw a new temple built, places and out of touch with congregabut no god within. 'Who is your vil- tionallife.-Mission Field.

lage god?' 'We are thinking of set- Islam Invading India ting up Rama.' After giving them the In India Islam is making great Gospel and spending a long time with progress. By intermarriage of Mosthem, we asked if they were now going lems with native women by offering to set up Rama. They said, 'No, not them a higher culture and a more reafter what we have heard'; and it was spectable position, Islam is capturing the voice of the men of the village, many of these deprest races. In Benfor all were gathered." gal, for instance, they have increased Notable Converts Baptized until now instead of being inferior to Rev. E. M. Wherry writes to the Hinduism, they are actually superior Presbyterian Board : "We are re- to it in numbers. Here again our joicing at the signs of a great awa- Christian churches are letting the opkening in India. A nephew of Lajpat portunity slip from them. These low- Rai, by name Dager Ram, and an castes, or untouchables, would accept Arya preacher, caIled on me recently. Christ just as the sweepers are doing He is now a Christian and a zealous in our own North India and Punjab preacher of the Gospel. He takes no missions, if we only gave them the salary, living on whatever the people opportunity. But most of our misgive him. He told me of another sions are too short-handed to carryon Arya, who was recently baptized in effectively the work that now exists'. Rurki by a Methodist missionary. He In all India, with its 62,000,000 Mowas on his way to see a prominent man hammedans, there are very few misin Allahabad who was soon to be bap- sionaries set apart especially for Mostized. Two weeks since, Lala Rarnam lem work.-Presbyterian Bulletin.

Dass, a pleader in Lahore, was bap- Hindus and Moslems in Conference tized by Rev. N. Prem Dass, pastor at Firozpur. This man was a promi- A conference between Hindus and nent Arya and an editor of one of Mohammedans, presided over by Sir their papers. These baptisms are cre- William Wedderburn, met recently at ating a great deal of interest and are Allahabad, when prominent leaders of exceedingly suggestive." both communities were present. Sir William Wedderburn, before leaving Appointment of an Indian Archdeacon England to preside at the Indian N a- Those who desire to see the time tional Congress, had conferred with come when an Indian Church shall be- the Aga Khan, Sir Pherozshah Mehta, come an independent branch of the and Mr. Ameer Ali, in reference to Church wiII note with interest that the the purpose of the joint conference Bishop of Lahore has obtained the which was formulated under three sanction of the Government to the ap- heads, as follows:

I. To have a free and frank inter- The idea was conceived by Pastor change of views made in a temperate Dzing for the benefit alike of Christian and friendly spirit on the more im- and heathen. It helps the Christian by portant questions that divide the two giving him an opportunity of explaincommunities. ing to his neighbors and others what it means to be a Christian, and the 2. To discuss what common ground heathen by providing a rendezvous if there is for joint action by the two they should become sufficiently intercommunities, and to arrange, if possi- ested to wish to make further inble, for such joint action; and quiries. It makes the Christian home a little center of Christian work." 3. To insure where Hindus and Mohammedans must differ that the The Progress of Five Year. controversies and pursuits of different interests shall be conducted without A visitor to Kuapa, a Miao town in unnecessary bitterness and with a rea- Kweicheo province, found there a sonable regard for the legitimate in- church capable of seating I,ooo of the terests of either party. aborigines who swarm in from the neighboring farming country. When· CHINA he left, a large group of Christians gathered on the brow of a hill and Chinese Students Aroused sang "God be with you till we meet again." Five years ago these people On New Year's eve a gathering of were in grossest heathenism. Americans and Chinese sat down to dinner in Peking, the bond of union Baptism of a Family being that all present had studied in American colleges. Dr. Yen, of the The Rev. W. Browne, of Chukih- Foreign Office, was toastmaster, and sien Che, records the interesting· case another member of the Foreign Office of four members of a family being was elected president of the American baptized together. There was the old College Club of North China, which father, a man of seventy-three, who. was organized that night. Our minis- had been a vegetarian, now a great beter to China, Hon. W. J. Calhoun, liever in prayer, and one who has had together with H. N. Tong Shao Yi, many answers to prayer; he finds who went to the United States to great delight in reading the Bible, and thank the American people for return- is an example to his family. With ing the indemnity, were elected hon- him a son and a daughter-in-law were orary presidents. There is a charter baptized; another daughter-in-law was membership of one hundred, and the to have been, but was unavoidably denumber will probably soon be doubled tained; the fourth was a little grandand will gradually increase as more child. "It is not often," Mr. Browne Chinese students retnrn from Amer- writes, "that we have so many of one ica. Just now the Americans in the family, and I believe all are real Chrisclub outnumber the Chinese-for tians. Their need is for more teachthere is a surprizing number of Amer- ing, especially the women; but owing ican college men in North China-but to our lack of lady workers and Bible ultimately this condition will be women, only an occasional visit is changed. possible. "

An Evangelistic Band Union Traininlr School for Evangelists Rev. C. F. Symons writes from A new and important union move- Shanghai: "Once a week the Rev. ment is for the establishment of a Dzing Kyi-Doh, Mr. Sing Dz-eng, great school for the training of evan- Mrs. Han and Miss Wu form them- gelists, Bible women and other Chrisselves into a preaching-band and visit tian workers in Central China. The the homes of the Christians. The visit of Dr. Wilbert W. White and singing of a hymn soon attracts the his associates of New York City to a neighbors, and to the assembled and startleil crown the Go~pel i~ preacheil.

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

number of missionary gatherings in and will produce a greater power for China resulted in an urgent call, testimony in the hearts of other be- signed by missionaries from all parts lievers.

of the empire, for the establishment of Griffith John'. Prediction one or more such schools, available for The great speech of Dr. Griffith Chinese of all denominations. The John on the occasion of the celebraspirit in which this project is pushed tion of his jubilee by the Chinese is that of the closing word of Dr. Christians was concluded in the fol- Mott, at Edinburgh, "Together." lowing words: A Chinese Farewell to Archdeacon Moule "And now I want to assume the role of a prophet. Another fifty years In some account of the farewell ac- and there will be no idols in Clina! Fifty years and there will be no corded to Archdeacon Moule by Chris- Buddhist or Taoist priests. In fifty (or shall we say a hundred?) years, tians of Chekiang, Bishop Molony I do not think there will be any for- eign pastors in China. Why? Besays that one speaker at the meeting cause the Chinese Church will have its own pastors in great numbers! presented a red satin scroll, about five China will be all changed. We older brethren will not see this sight in life, feet square, on which was inscribed in but we shall look down on it from heaven, and the little ones here tocharacters in gold paint the history of night will see it and play their part in it." the honored missionary; this was ac- KOREA companied by two long dark purple The Evangelizing Zeal of Korean. scrolls on either side with inscriptions A correspondent in the Korea misin classical Chinese, much more con- cise and yet expressive than the Eng- lish rendering: "He came to the East, carrying the Doctrine, and for fifty years has endured hardships on behalf of the saints in China. We escort him on his return to the West, and for hundreds of generations the sion field states that in the great evan- gelistic campaign which has been conpeople of Chekiang will speak of his ducted in Korea the Korean workers virtues and celebrate his labors." As were far ahead of the foreigners in Bishop Molony remarks, the Chinese, zeal for the effort. This is explained tho so prosaic and practical, "always by the fact that the Korean workers do things in good taste, and express had but one thing to do, while the themselves, not in time-worn, hackneyed phrases, but in appropriate and missionaries had many responsibilities heart-born sentences." in the management of the entire cam- Gaina Made by One Society paign. The Koreans who did the A remarkable testimony to the house-to-house visitation, or made intruth of the statement that "the blood dividual appeals, as a rule did the of the martyrs is the seed of the work with discretion. One of the church" is contained in the recent re- results of the campaign was that mulport of the work of the China Inland titudes signed cards expressing a de- Mission. During the thirty-five years sire to become Christians. These are of the mission's history preceding the 110t among those who joined the Boxer crisis of 1900, 12,964 persons churches. These inquirers will fur- were baptized; in the nine years that nish a field for steady evangelistic have succeeded that time of terrible work for months to come. The na- persecution and martyrdom, the mis- tive pastors show great zeal in their sion has received as communicants efforts to secure the salvation of the into the Church over 2o,r76 believers, people. Another result of the evan- Persecution, and even death, may gelistic campaign is that the Korean silence the voice of one who testifies pastors made great advance in the for Christ, but such persecution will conduct of revival work. In many always inspire and strengthen faith cases in the past when an appeal has

been made to the congregation and the voice from the audience called out: inquirers came forward, the pastor se- "Stop crying! The money is forthcured promises to reform, to attend coming," and then one after another church and study the Bible, not ex- began to bring up money. One man pecting immediate conversion. Dur- gave So yen, and before they left the ing the meetings the pastors have church that night nearly the entire learned to expect the conversion of sum was subscribed, and the next day the inquirers then and there, and many the needed sum was pledged. So we appeals were made to the congrega- not only retain the present force on tion at the close of the sermon with the field, but are aule to send two well-nigh irresistible power. more out. Two of the graduates of the seminary are sent abroad, one of A Challenge to Southern Methodists these ordained and one ullordained. The church now supports six for- The seven members of the Meth- eign missionaries in three stations: odist Executive Committee of the one in Quelpart Island. Altho the Richmond Laymen's Movement have people are Koreans, it is separate from sent out to their brethren this appeal: Korea, and the work is carried on "Of the 40,000,000 heathen appor- solely by the presbytery. One is in tioned to the Methodist Episcopal Vladivostok, and one in lT anchuria, Church, South, 2,000,000 have (by all among our own people, but outrequest of our Virginia Conference) side of Korea proper.-Haald and been assigned to the Methodists of Presbyter. Virginia. These are people living in a triangular section, near the center What One Korean Woman Did of Korea. Having been thus given to us, no other Church will enter that Christians in Korea are surely "Doterritory. Shall we not do our duty ers of the word, and !lot hearers only." by these people ? We hope to raise, One woman who has been a Chrisin addition to our regular assessment tian six or seven yea rs, has led over for home and foreign missions, not 100 women to Te~~t1s. For workers less than $6,000 for Korea. For the in the "Million Movement" small sake of the Master, who gave His life blank-books are provided. On the for them, for the sake of these worthy first page is written the name of some people themselves, and for the good unconverted friend, and beneath, an name of our denomination, shall we appropriate Scripture verse. The not endeavor to increase our gifts of friend is exhorted and prayed for till last year?" she becomes a Christian, then another name is placed on the second page. Another Notable Case of Giving Japanese in the Korean Campaign The missionary spirit of the presbytery ran high. Tho the mission com- It is very grati fying to notice that mittee had thought that it would be during the evangeli~tic campaign in unable, for lack of funds, to return Rev. Choi Quan LuI to his work in Korea the Japanese Christians in Ja- Vladivostok, yet his address before the presbytery so stirred those who heard pan earnestly cooperated in the movehim that after the benediction, when ment. Several of tile denominations the pastor of the church was seen of the Japan missions sent Japanese weeping, and it was asked what he pastors to Korea to conduct meetings was weeping for, some one replied that among the Japanese. The Christians it was because there was no money to among the Japanese in Korea were send the missionary back. Where- deeply and prayerfully interested. upon some one in the back of the The meetings were held in halls and audience remarked that he had five churches. The reports state that the yen he would give toward sending him audiences were attentive to the two, back. This was announced, and a and sometimes three, talks given each evening. The Christians were very faithful in assisting during the meet-

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

ings by glvmg out invitations and hnguage study course, In providing bringing their friends and in personal for the education of missionaries' work in the services. A missionary, children and in social and eleemosywriting of this work, says: nary work.

"The missionaries and Japanese The Pocket Testament League pastors who came over to help us have entered most earnestly into the spirit Practically everyone of the Chinese of the campaign, and have, without Christians in Tokyo has joined the exception, given pure, simple Gospel Pocket Testament League. At the sermons in a most direct, earnest way, Chengtu Industrial Exhibition 13,000 leading their hearers to definite deci- Portions of the Gospel were sold. It sions. Vie thank God that His power is remarked that among the 150,000 is being manifested so marvelously in Japanese now settled in Korea there Korea at this time among the Japa- is a striking willingness to buy the nese as well as the Koreans. Our Scriptures. This is perhaps due to prayer is that the work may go on and the change of environment. Miss on, hand in hand, until both peoples Wirwick writes of Japanese soldiers shall become the children of the one stationed in Manchuria who, describ- God and Father in heaven !"-Mis- ing their lonely life, have written for sionary Herald. Gospels and Christian literature.

JAPAN AFRICA-NORTH AFRICA A Conference of Federated Mi….ions Baptism of a Bedouin At the time of the Missionary Con- That the new Turkish Constitution, ference held in Tokyo in I900, in or- with .its proclamation of religious libder to express more fully the unity erty, has failed to alter very mateof the various Christian missions rially the conditions under which misworking in Japan, there was appointed sionary work is carried on in lands "The Standing Committee of Coop- undf'r Moslem rule is proved by the erating Christian Missions." This com- following incident related by the Rev. mittee, consisting of one or more rep- R. F. Md'~eile. of Cairo: resentatives from each of the Protestant missions (with two or three ex- "On St. Luke's day we had an exceptions), has met in January of each ceedingly interesting baptism. The year ever since. Some important man was a full-blooded Bedouin, the work has been done by this commit- product of C. M. S. work in Palestee, such as the publication of the tine. A lady was visiting a Bedouin very useful annual called "The Chris- encampment some two or three years tian Movement in Japan," which has ago, and read something from the since developed into the Conference Bible in one tent, talhd about it, and of Federated Missions. It is practi- so on. And immediately this man, cally certain that the Conference will who was present, was imprest, and has henceforth stand for a close federa- gone straight on ever since. When tion, if not the organic union, of all it got too hot for him in Palestine, the denominations in Japan; it will about a year ago, he came here, and stand for a broad. comprehension of has turned out a delightful fellowthe whole missionary problem in J a- very simple, of course, but extraorpan, a closer study of the field and a dinarily keen."-C. M. S: Gazette, better distribution of forces; and it will stand for a strong forward move- Why Africans Prefer Islam ment in Christian education. Through this Conference also a strong coopera- Islam is getting in a deadly work, tive Christian Literature Committee is which complicates the problem for about to be formed, to meet a great Christian missionaries. The creed of need in Japan, and there will be union the Koran does flot interfere with effort in the framing of a uniform slavery and polygamy, and offers no irleals above the sensual and material, thus rendering the transition from na- tive superstition both easy and agreeable. Mrs. Alice G. West writes: tropical climate is depopulating the "The African Moslem, listening curi- country more rapidly than famine, ously to the new teachil1g, says : 'Yes, pestilence and war; and I am only I believe most of that already, but our waiting for a man to fill my place at Mohammed promises as much reward Muhlenburg Mission to come home as your Christ, and for far less seIf- and take the platform against the denial and sacrifice. Your Bible re- rum traffic; for I can do Africa quires truthfulness; not so the Koran; more good warring against the and we Africans often find the lie liquor traffic here than I can preach- convenient. No; since the two paths ing and teaching the Gospel there.

lead alike to heaven, I choose the Africa, with the simple Gospel easier way.' " of Jesus, is saved, but Africa Ia It a Prophecy of Better Days? with rum is eternally lost; for the few missionaries that can survive there A missionary in the Nile Valley can not overcome the effect of the writes to the United Presbyterian of river of strong drink that is being a Coptic church which was claimed poured into the country." and finally secured by the Protestant party, and muses in this hopeful A King Turned Missionary vein: "This Coptic church, trans- Missionary Schwartz, of the Basle formed and rededicated to the service of Christ, started a new train of Society, writes home from the Gold thought. We have often been a little discouraged at the sight of many new Coast: "King N joya might be called Mohammedan mosques being built. Some of these are beautiful and cost the most influential missionary of all immense sums of money. Is it too much to expect that some of these the interior. He is himself building a may yet be rededicated to the service of Christ? We remember how, with great school for his 500 pupils.· I have a feeling of sadness, we visited the famous mosque in Damascus which been working for a week at making was once a Christian church, and how we prayed that God would take away him doors and windows, and had to the reproach from his people. If one suggested the possibility of some of make the plan of the building in order these beautiful mosques being transformed into churches the remark that the doors and windows might fit would be received with amazement and incredulity. 'Verily, if the Lord exactly. Njoya is enchanted with his should open windows in heaven might this thing be.' With men it is cer- educational palace, and has given me twenty-five logs for our station. He teaches the school himself, relates and dictates Bible stories to the children, composes Christian hymns and teaches the children to sing them. One can not but admire the results of his teaching. It is an extraordinary ap- parition, that of a king, himself still heathen, who is giving Christian reli- gious instruction. . The same society's mission at Bali and Bamum, tainly impossible, 'but with God all in the Kamerun, is advancing very things are possible.' " hopefully, and two chiefs, who are WEST AFRICA not themselves converted, are favor- ing the Gospel by every means in their The Deadly Cur8e of Rum power."

Rev. David A. Day writes home: "I SOUTH AFRICA wonder that the Africans do not shoot with poisoned arrows every white man An African Tuskegee that lands upon their coast, for they It is proposed to build a college in have brought them rum, and they are South Africa for the native black still bringing it; and in a few decades people; not an ordinary college, which more, if the rum traffic continues, directs its efforts solely to the train- there will be nothing left in Africa ing of the mind, but a college some- for God to save. The vile rum in that thing on the lines of that run by Mr. Booker Washington at Tuskegee. boring there are feeling the need of The college courses are to be prepared closer union. The Christian Express with full regard to the difference be- of Lovedale has been eliciting the tween the average native and Euro- opinions of missionaries of different pean student in languages and inher- denominations, and has found them ited beliefs, prejudices and instincts, practically unanimous in condemning in environment, early upbringing and the waste and overlapping that at future position in life. The great aim present prevail.

of the institution will be to train, not Wby Soutb African Cburcbel Do Not lawyers and doctors seeking employment from the whites, but men of Unite character fitted to do social work for their own people. During the recent The question of the union of the years there has arisen among the na- various Protestant churches of South tives of South Africa a strong and Africa has been before the several persistent desire for education. The denominations for some time. It has plan has the support of Lord Sel- not been agreed upon, and The Quarbourne, Lord Milner and the bishops terly Register of London gives the of Lincoln and Birmington. It is the reasons for failure to unite. It says: work of a commission appointed in "The Dutch Reformed Church is not 1903 by Lord Milner; they reported disposed as yet to enter into churchthe advisability of founding a central fellowship with their English-speaking native college, to be "established and neighbors. The Episcopal Church can aided by the various states for train- not admit the possibility of their joining native teachers and in order to af- ing with dissenters, tho they will reford opportunities for higher educa- ceive them into its arms. The Westion for native students." Jeyans could not see why their power- ful denomination should be expected Cbriatians in a Union Conference to make concessions in doctrine and in polity for the sake of union with A general missionary conference. the numerically small Presbyterian attended by all the missions laboring Church, and so the Baptists alone re- in Nyassaland, except the Universities' mained. These brethren agreed to a mission, was held at Mvera, the cen- 'Basis,' which has brought down on tral station of the Dutch Reformed their heads the wrath of their United Mission, not long since. It was the States kinsmen, who have threatened third such conference, the first having them practically with excommunica- been held at Livingstonia in 1900, and tion for surrendering their distinctive the second at Blantyre in 1904. There tenet; while now the Presbyterians were altogether at the conference 78 themselves have come to admit that European missionaries, including the proposed 'Basis' can not hold towives. Eleven of those present were gether, and so the movement has nephews of Dr. Andrew Murray, of come to the ground." In the place of church union, it has been proposed Wellington, in Cape Colony. that there be effected some form of Political Union and Cbristian Union federation. This seems likely to be accomplished. On Friday, November 4th, the first National Parliament of South Africa EAST AFRICA was opened at Capetown by the Duke of Connaught as representing the Methodists Work in East Africa King. All the auspices were favor- Bishop Hartzell writes to The able, and the new body received con- Northwestern Christian Advocate as gratulations from the various self- follows: "The territory of the East governing colonies. Meanwhile there Africa Mission Conference lies under are problems of ecclesiastical as well two national flags: the British in Rho- as of political union awaiting solution desia, with chief centers at Umtali for in South Africa. The missionaries la- work among the whites, and at Old Umtali for work among the native greater things. He bought an Eng- blacks; and under the flag of the new lish primer and began to attend Portuguese Republic, having its chief school at the mission. Later, he centers at Inhambane and Kambini, was ordained a minister of the lying on the coast 250 miles east by Gospel, went on a voyage of European rail and 250 miles south by sea. The travel, and has since built a church Conference was organized in I80!, which has some 300 members. The with three members and four proba- episode is one which shows how the tioners and a church-membership of natives of Central Africa are learn- 246. The working force now consists ing to help themselves.

of thirteen men and eleven women missionaries and 128 native teachers MISCELLANEOUS and evangelists. The church-member- Items from the Philippines ship has grown to 4,802, the Sundayschool enrolment to 5,948 and the It was generally supposed that the number in day schools is 4,854. Self- $7,000,000 paid by the United States help has been a cardinal point in ad- Government to the Church of Rome ministration, and during the year in settlement of the friars' claims in 8,301 has been raised on the field." the Philippines ended the difficulties. This does not seem to be the case, Africans and the "Baby-Organ" however. They are back again in the islands in larger numbers than ever, Writing from Embu, British East and the courts are full of their claims. Africa, Mrs. Crawford (c. M. S.) re- They are now carrying on extensive ports the successful treatment of two schools in competition with those of chiefs in the temporary hospital. One the state. of the chiefs, Kabuthi, who, according to custom, had been carried into the How to Gel a Missionary Church woods to die, was brought to the mission by Dr. Crawford, and now, grate- A missionary Sunday-school will ful for benefits received, he has prom- make the church missionary, and it ised to learn to read. A hospital is about the only thing that will. The chapel of wattle and daub, with high- Laymen's Missionary Movement is pitched banana-bark roof, was recent- doing much, and so is the work of our ly opened, on which occasion some women. But all that is too limited in 400 or 500 savages, wild and almost its scope; and intensive as they are in naked, were present, many of them their work, they really do not cover carrying spears. All clambered for the ground. Grown-up people, most the front seats, and order seemed to of them, are so set in their opinions out of the question. But the strains that you can not shake their prejudices of the "baby-organ" quieted them loose. Our real chance is with the down, the mystery as to the source of children. Put them through the Sunthe sound being solved by the conclu- day-school when their hearts are tension that "there was somebody inside !" der and impressionable. Let them breathe, in a missionary Sunday- A Miaaionary Romance school, the atmosphere of missions, An interesting story has just been and in fifteen years we shall find hun- told concerning the Providence Indus- dreds of young people volunteering trial Mission at Ciradzulo, Blantyre, where now there are scores. There British Central Africa. Nineteen will be splendid women who will not years ago, a certain official in the dis- only have the spirit but the qualifica- trict made use of an intelligent boy tion to lead the work of our women's of the Yao tribe to take a message organizations, and there will be men under difficult circumstances across who are willing not only to give their country, and for this service rewarded money but their time and service to him with a rupee. With this small the great cause of the world's evangel- sum the lad laid the foundation of ization.

THE MISSIONARY

THE BOOK ABOVE EVERY BOOK. A Popular CHILDREN OF JAMAICA. By Isabel C. Mac- Report of the British and Foreign Bible lean. 12mo, 95 pages. IS 6d, net. Oli- Society. 12mo. London, 1910. phant, Anderson & Ferrier, Edinburgh. 1910. The contents of this volume consist, for the most part, of incidents CHILDREN OF JAPAN. By Janet H. Kelman. connected with the distribution of the I2mo, 93 pages. IS 6d, net. Oliphant, Scriptures among non-Christians last Anderson & Ferrier, Edinburgh. 1910. year. The value of the Bible is shown by these incidents to be tested by its These new volumes of the Chillarge circulation, its many versions, dren's Missionary library are interits universal acceptance, its accessibil- esting and well written. The volume ity, its vitality, and its catholicity. on Jamaica has perhaps too much his- Like other volumes of the same kind, torical matter to justify its name, this book is a fine example of what since only about one-third is about the a popular report should be. children and their life. The infor- mation is, however, well given for MISSIONARY HEROES IN AFRICA. By J. C. children. Lambert. Illustrated. 12rno, 156 pages. 75 cents, net. J. B. Lippincott, Phila- The Japan volume is the best ju- delphia. 1910. venile book we have seen on "The Land of Islands." It contains facts There is probably no field of litera- about the country and people but ture so rich in romance and adven- written in a style that can scarcely fail ture true to life, noble and heroic, as to interest and impress children. the missionary field. Africa has attracted many whose love of hu- WHY WE BELIEVE THE BIBLE. By Amos R. manity and taste for adventure have WelJs. I2mo, 167 pp. $1.00. United Socombined to make their careers note- ciety of Christian Endeavor. Boston, worthy. This volume of sketches 1910. tells the stories from the lives of such men as lhckay and Hanning- This is not a theological or scholarly ton of Uganda, Livingstone and investigation, but a simple catechism others of Nyassaland, Coillard of the giving the questions that might inter- Zambesi, Arnot of Garengange and est any Christian or inquirer, and the Lloyd among the pigrr.ies. It is pre- concise answers of a Christian stueminently a book of true stories for dent. Such a book ought to be of value especially to young Christians boys. or to those working on the mission fields. It is not sufficiently thorough THE CALL OF THE NEW ERA. By. Rev. and full for students of theology or Wm. Muir. 12mo. 351 pp. $1.25 net. those who want to go deeply into the American Tract Society, New York, investigation of the reasons for faith 1910. in the Bible as the Word of God.

This is one of the missionary series REpORT OF A SECOND VISIT TO CHINA, JAPAN, edited by Dr. George Smith, and al- AND KOREA, IN 1909. ~y Arthur J. ready noted in these pages. It pre- Brown, D.D. Pamphlet. Presbyterian sents a forceful brief for the mission- Board of Foreign Missions, New York, ary movement, showing the era of 19IO. preparation in the Old Testament, the advance in the apostolic era, the dark Dr. Brown went as a student of ages, and on to the Reformation and missionary problems and an adviser the present day. Altogether, Mr. of the missionaries. His report pre- Muir has given us a simple, clear pre- sents clearly the result of his observasentation of the progress of the mis- tions and the conclusions arrived at in sionary movement, and enforces the the discussions. The report is for call of Christ to every Christian, to private circulation only but is extremehelp carry the Gospel to the whole of ly valuable to all who are students of the non-Christian world. The vast the missionary enterprise. A great opportunities of the present are shown many facts of general interest are also to be a new clarion call to advance. given about the countries visited, for Dr. Brown is a keen observer and ready writer.

HELEN E. MOSES. By Jasper T. Moses. PILGRIM SONGS. By Henry W. Frost. Portraits. 12mo, 191 pages. $1.00, net. I2mo, 262 pages. The Gospel Publishing Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. House, N ew York. 1910.

1910. These are verses for Christians Mrs. Moses was a member of the written by the Home Director of the Christian Women's Board of Mis- China Inland Missions. They are full sions, a woman who lived a beautiful of music, of spiritual uplift and much and noble life. She was editor of of true poetic thought and beauty of The Missionary Tidings, president of expression. They will come as mes- the board, and an effective public sages of hope and comfort and re- speaker. The tribute is written by ligious inspiration to many kindred her son, that her example may be a spirits in the home land and in foreign challenge to other women who serve fields.

the cause of Christ in the home land. NEW BOOKS good might have been preserved BRAZIL AND HER PEOPLE OF TO-DAY. By N. without doing violence to the teach- O. Winter. 12mo. Decorative cloth, ings of Christ in regard to sin, and boxed, $3.00; three-quarters morocco, salvation, God and man. Christ boxed, $7.00. L. C. Page & Co., Boston. likeness is shown in unselfish serv- 1910. ice, but that is not the whole of Christianity; God is good, but good- SMOKY DAY'S WlGWAM EVENINGS. By Charles A. Eastman and Elaine Goodale Eastman. Little, Brown & Co., Boston.

ness is not the whole of God; un- 1910. kindness is sin, but sin is more than AGAINST THE CURRENT. By Edward A. unkindness; good deeds may be an answer to prayer, but prayer is more Steiner. 12mo., 230 pp. $1.25, net. Flem- ing H. Revell Co., New York. 1910.

DAVE RANNEY; OR, THIRTY YEARS ON THE than a kind wish, and answers to BOWERY. An Autobiography. Introducprayer do not always come as man's tion by Rev. A. F. Schauffler, D.D. Ilgood deeds. lustrated, 12mo., 205 pp. 7S cents. Amer- ican Tract Society, New York. 1910.

PANDERS AND THEIR WHITE SLAVES. By THE GIRL IN HER TEENS. By Miss Mar- Clifford G. Roe. 12mo. $1.00, net. garet Slattery. I2mo. 50 cents. The Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. 1910.

Sunday School Times Co., Phila. 1910 WHO'S WHO IN MISSIONS. An Illustrated Miss Slattery is a teacher of teach- Game for use in the Home Circle, in Misers-one who understands the girls sion Bands, Junior Societies and Sunday- school Classes. By Belle M. Brain. Sun- because she loves them and worked day-school Times Co., Philadelphia. 1910. with and for them and has stud- RcAL RELIGION. Friendly Talks to the ied them. Her little book will be of untold value to parents and Chris- ,verage Man on Clean and Useful Living.

By Howard Allen Bridgman. 12mo., pp. 184. 79 cents. The Pilgrim Press, Bos- tian workers, who are trying to help ton. 1910. girls. Anyone of a hundred sug- PILGRIM SONGS. Verses for Christians. By gestions in' the book would more than repay the reader. Henry Weston Frost. I2mo., pp. 262. Gospel Pub. House, 54 West 22d Street, New York. 1910. THE FUNDAMENTALS. A TESTIMONY TO SOUTHERN BAPTIST FOREIGN MISSIONS. By TRUTH. Volume IV. I2mo., 126 pp. Tes- Dr. T. B. Ray. 12mo. 35 and 50 cents, timony Publishing Co., Chicago, Ill.; 808 net. Sunday School Board of the La Salle Avenue. 1910.

Southern Baptist Convention, Nashville, PAMPHLETS Tenn. 1910. PIONEERING AMONG THE KACHINS. By Dr. Ray and the Baptist Mission- W. H. Roberts. Illustrated. 39 pp.

aries tell here the story of their work 7 cents. American Baptist Foreign in China, Argentina, Central Africa, Mission Society, Ford Building, Bos- Italy, Brazil, Mexico, and Japan. It is a book that Southern Baptists would ton, Mass. MORRISON AND THE OPENING OF CHINA.

By Henry K. Rowe. Envelop Series Quarterly, January, 1911. Illustrated. do well to own and gives for all 21 pp. Annual subscription, 10 cents. the digested information on the ex- American Board of Commissioners cellent work of this denomination. for Foreign Missions, Boston.