The Missionary Review of the World — April 1911

AT THE MISSIONARY CONFERENCE ON WORK AMONG MOSLEMS, LUCKNOW, INDIA, JANUARY 23- 28

8VIissionary Cf(eview

of the World PubUshed by Funk and Wagnalls Company (Isaac K. Funk:J.~~sE.~u'it~~:l~~.xice-Pre8.. Robert J. Cuddihy, Treaa., ltObArt Scott, ~"'J, VOL. XXXIV. No.4 APRIL, 1911 VOL. XXIV. NC). 4 Old Series New Series SIGNS OF THE TIMES THE NEW NATIONAL ANTI-OPIUM claiming thousands of victims a day MOVEMENT IN CHINA because of the floods that have de- stroyed the crops. The cause of fam- A new awakening seems to be ine is thus very different from the spreading over China in regard to the opium evil, and a National Anti-opium cause in India, where it is due to lack Society has been formed, with head- of rain. Some engineering must be quarters at Peking. This society plans done in China, building dikes and con- to cooperate with the Government in trolling the watercourses, if famines the efforts to stop the growth, impor- from this cause are to be prevented. tation and use of opium. Now horror is added to horror by In view of the near approach of the devastations of bubonic plague, the next conference at the Hague, especially in Manchuria. Dead strew efforts are being made to have inter- the road sides, and there is danger national regulation of the traBic. that the plague may spread westward Opium should be used for medical through Siberia into Europe. purposes only, and every nation should Missionaries are rendering untir- prohibit its importation and sale. ing and self-sacrificing aid. risking The Chinese Government is evi- their lives to care for the sufferers dently in earnest about this reform. from both famine and plague. Thou- and among the people themselves sands of dollars have already been there is a growing sentiment against sent from American Christians to the evil. Decided progress has been help carryon the work of relief, but made in carrying out the imperial thousands more are needed if a frac- edict of 1906. China now seeks tion of the millions in danger are to British consent to shorten the period be saved. One dollar will keep a when opium may be imported from man alive for a month, and three dol- India. China's national assembly is lars will save a life until early har- much interested in this movement, and vests enable the people to save them- one of the leaders of the Anti-opium selves.

Society is a prominent member of Dr. Samuel Cochran, a missionary the Assembly. Is 19I I too soon to physician from H wai Y uen, writes save China from the grip of opium? that three million people are in danger FAMINE AND PLAGUE IN CHINA of starving before the June harvests The Chinese are learning some hard come to their relief. Disease is add- lessons in the necessity for irrigation ing to the horrors of famine; the and sanitation. The famine is already streets are full of starving, naked people, many of whom starve to death Yuen, China, writes of the famine during the freezing nights. "Crowds prevailing in the northern part of An- follow me from church, even when hui province: A million people are I assure them that I have no mart;: in dire need of help. The Chinese money or tickets for relief." The Government is not likely to adminis- people are desperate, and are con- ter adequate relief in view of existing stantly selling their children. When conditions of her finances.

parents can not sell them, they leave the children to care for themselves, or CHINA'S EVANGELISTIC WORK What is said to be "the greatest to perish from cold or hunger. What the end will be we can not gathering of native leaders of the tell, but, as in other times of famine Chinese Church ever held" met in and pestilence, the sympathy and Hankow, December 7th-I2th, last help of Christian people and the year. It was the first triennial meetself-denying labors of the missionaries ing of the Evangelistic Association of bring multitudes to understand more China. This is the outgrowth of the of the love of Christ, and leads them Shanghai Conference of I907, and to hear and believe the Gospel that corresponds to the Educational Assobrings salvation to the plague-stricken ciation for China, which also meets triennially. and strength to famishing souls. The viceroy of Manchuria estimates The meeting at Hankow was largethat the fatalities in Manchuria from ly composed of Chinese deIegatesthe bubonic plague already have 77 missionaries and 158 Chinese. The reached 65,000, while the foreign of- president was Rev. Cheng Ching Yi, fice believes that inside the great wall of Peking, who was the Chinese delethere have been I,oOO more deaths. gate to Edinburgh, and is on the Con- According to the general belief, how- tinuation Committee. Cheng Ching ever, the number of fatalities will be Yi receives a salary of only $I9 a nearer double those of the official es- month, but could at any time quadtimates. The relief committee at ruple it by accepting a place in gov- Shanghai believes that the minimum ernment service. number of deaths from famine is 10,- This conference accomplished much 000. Many of the people in the famine for Christian unity in China, and for stricken district of Anhui are em- aggressive evangelism. The attendance ployed in building levees. The financial at the evangelistic meetings each night drain on the Government is severe, was estimated at 10,000. of whom and it is expected that it will be forced 2,000 were students. Some chapels to negotiate more extensive loans than with a seating capacity of 400, were had been contemplated. That none crowded with 700 listeners, and there of the plague-stricken people of China were hundreds of inquirers enrolIed. recover, the lungs being infected, fol- It is a great example for other Chrislowed by tleath in a few hours, wa~ tian conventions, to confer about reported to the American National Christian work during the day, and to Red Cross Society in a telegram re- engage in it at night for the salvation ceived from American Consul-gen- of men. The Chinese Christians may eral Wilder, at Shanghai. yet make many other contributions Rev. E. C. Lobenstine. of Hwai of great value to the Christian Church

OF THE TIMES

in the interpretation and exemplificd- vote themselves to the work. Even tion of the Gospel. the primary children went out after the morning school session, and THE PROGRESS IN KOREA brought in their heathen friends to the children's meeting at four o'clock. In September last a large gathering At night boys with lanterns went of Japanese and Korean Sunday- through the streets attracting crowds school scholars was held in the garden by singing hymns. The Methodist at the rear of the palace at Seoul, and Church was decorated, and the streets leading up to it were well lighted. was attended by two hundred Japa- All the work was systematically nese and five Korean teachers and stu- planned, with workers in charge of dents from the only girls' school es- each district. A prayer service was tablished for Koreans by Japanese in held at 8 :30 A.M., and another at 2 Korea. Since the annexation of P.M., before the visitors started out. Korea all public meetings are forbid- The evening services were in this way den, but the superintendent-general of filled with inquirers, and during one police freely permitted this meeting. week 904 people exprest a desire to A second meeting was held later in the believe in Jesus Christ. The question day, at which a Korean Sunday-school is, What is to be done to train these teacher gave an address, and at the inquirers? Will the Church at home close all joined in the Lord's Prayer. support the aggressive work the mis- sionaries are doing? The Chung ] u field of the Presbyterian Church embraces some 300,000 RELIGIOUS LIBERTY IN KOREA people. The station was opened two years ago, but already there are 65 Governor-General Viscount Terauchurches and pl;tces of meeting, with chi has proclaimed that in Korea 272 full members and 265 catechumens, "all religions shall be treated equally, nine day-schools with 162 boys and 29 and due protection shall be accorded girls attending. There are 22 classes to their legitimate propagation"; he in the city Sunday-school, the whole has retained Judge Watanabe, a Chris- Church attending. The men meet first, tian, at the head of the Judicial Dethen go home and take care of the partment, and has appointed another house while the women come. The Christian, Mr. Ariyoshi, to an imporyoungest pupil is four, the oldest sev- tant place in the Government. Another enty; she learned to read in the last Japanese statesman, Count Okuma, few years. interviewed by a representative of the Fulwni Shimpo as to the work of A REVIVAL AT PENG YANG, KOREA Christian missions in Korea, said: "We regard the work of the mission- During the closing months of last aries as a great work, and thank them year a great revival is reported to for doing it." He, too, exprest a hope have swept over Peng Yang in North that Japanese Christians would carry Korea. Daily Bible classes prepared on the work of Korea's evangelizathe way. Large posters were put up tion in the future, tho he admitted in prominent places, and contained that an obstacle to this was the fact Scripture verses printed in colors. that the Japanese have not made a Tracts for every day were distributed from house to house. The college and academy were dosed in order that native teachers and students might de-

good impression, many of them hav- the fact that a Christian was elected ing acted oppressively and harshly. is in itself a sign of progress. A few "We must," he said, "truly regard the years ago none but strict heathen Koreans as our brothers, show them would have been considered.

sympathy and kindness, and so make The new king continues to attend them a truly virtuous people." the services held by the missionaries, CHANGES IN THE KONGO STATE who expect that he will exert a good influence, even if he is a weak believer A better day is dawning for the op- only. prest natives of the Kongo. Since the death of King Leopold there have THE OUTLOOK IN TURKEY been movements in the direction of progress in two respects especially. The signs of unrest are still very Commerce is developing along better evident in Turkey. Albania is exlines, so that the natives are treated ceedingly restive under the attempts more justly. Slavery appears to be to displace the Albanian language dead, and labor is not surrounded with Turkish, and in the Asiatic prov- . with the cruelty and tyranny that for- inces discontent and ill feeling make merly prevailed. Sanitary science has some observers fear an open conflict improved the conditions of living in with the new Government. Many are some districts, so that the death-rate emigrating to America. The poverty has decreased 50 per cent. It is hoped of the country, the compulsory milithat the missionary work may also tary service, oppression, and the inbe prospered and be relieved of the efficiency of local officials is driving obstacles put in its way by the Bel- out some of the best young men from gian authorities. Turkey and Syria.

The new Government has not yet "made good," tho it has made A GOOD SIGN IN WEST AFRICA good progress in many directions.

Togoland is a German colony in New roads are being laid out in some West Africa, situated between the districts, suitable to automobiles, and Gold Coast and Dahomey. Of its mil- new schools are being built, but the lion inhabitants about 980,000 are spirit of tolerance and righteousness fetish worshipers, and only about does not yet possess the rulers or the 5,000 are Protestants, the latter the people. When all the new projects fruit of the efforts of the Wesleyan for railroads are carried out, the Methodist and the North German transportation problem in Turkey will Missionary Societies. From the king- be transformed, and material prosper- dom of Ho in Togoland comes the ity will greatly increase. Progress in news that a native Christian has beell railroad building must be slow, on ac- elected its king, after the death of count of the poverty of the country King Hosu, who was a bitter enemy and international jealousies. Four of Christianity until his death. True, lines are about to be constructed-one the newly elected king was forced to from Kumanovo, on the Nisch-Salo- submit to the heathen ceremonies con- nica line, to Kustendil in southwest nected with his enthronement, and he Bulgaria; another is to connect Sam- will have to perform many heathen sun and Sivas, passing through Kav· rites in connection with his office, but za, Amasia and Tokat; another runs

between Sanaa, in Yemen, southwest ity, are being followed by real show- Arabia and Hodeida, its port; and a ers of blessing and promises of a rich fourth line is under way, prolonging harvest. the Bagdad Railway from Ergeli, through the Taurus Mountains, via THE WOMEN'S MISSIONARY JUBILEE Adana and Osmanlieh, to Helif. Sev- eral other lines have been decided The climax of over thirty series of on-one from Bandurma, on the Sea missionary meetings in as many cen- . of Marmora, to Balukesir and Soma; ters all over the United States, was another is to run north from Baba held in New York City, March 27th Eski to Kurk Kilise, and another is to to 30th, to celebrate the fiftieth anni- continue the Eski Shehir to Angora versary of the beginning of woman's line as far as Sivas. The Chester-Colt organized work for Foreign Missions. syndicate proposes to run a line east- The series of meetings began last ward from 'Sivas through Harput, October, and have been growing in Moush and Bitlis, to Van, and another interest and power. There has been section southwest to the Gulf of Alex- an effort to raise a million-dollar fund andretta. The continuation of the for missions among the women, ·and Bagdad line to the Persian gulf is already over $300,000 has been re- practically assured, and the British ceived in thank offerings. All the wish to have it carried to Koweit, as evangelical Christian churches are well as to Busrah. represented in the movement. and large committees of influential women These railroads will all have an im- have undertaken to arrange for the mense influence on the development meetings in New York. Six large of the natural resources of Turkey, luncheons for 6,000 women were ar- on the promotion of commerce, on the ranged for in Hotel Astor and else- preserving of order, and the develop- where (no one room being large ment of national defense, and on the enough to hold all who wished to progress of the Gospel, by furnishing come). transportation for missionaries, stu- dents, and Bibles. The program included also a "Pag- eant of Missions" in the Metropolitan GOOD NEWS FROM MACEDONIA Opera House, an "Authors' Evening" in the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Last November a conference of Church, and a mass-meeting in Car- evangelical churches of European negie Hall. Tickets at 50 cents to Turkey was held in Monospitovo vil- $2.00 a seat were soon taken, and lage, in connection with a week of many were disappointed in being un;' prayer. Great interest was awakened, able to secure seats at any price. The writes Rev. Edward B. Haskell, in the Christian women can not be surpassed Orient, and the meetings were pro- in their enthusiastic support of the longed for four weeks. Many came work of Christ. to Christ, and the spirit of unity among Christians was strengthened. SAILED VOLUNTEERS FOR 1910 In other villages special meetings were held, and the halls were packed to the The Student Volunteer Movement doors. The long years of spiritual is a powerful agency to enlist men and drought, during revolutionary activ- ;Omen in Foreign Mission work. Volunteers who reached the mission fields during the year 19IO went out

into all the world, and are connected were not moslem, but were largely with 53 nusslOnary agencies. By borrowed from Christian sources. countries, they are distributed as follows: In Africa, 31; China, 128; This was not Mohammedanism, but India and Burma, 69; Japan, 21; Quilliamism. Since that time this sect Korea, 18; South Arnerica, 19; Tur- has gradually declined, until it is said key, IS; Alaska, 3; Philippine and to be almost extinct. A few Syrians West Indies, 21; Mexico, 10; other and Persians at first attended the countries, 33; making the number for services, but even these have dropt the year 368. The total number of away. Their "mosque" was a dingy sailed volunteers is now 4,784. "back-parlor in a gloomy-looking pri- vate house." It is doubtful if any ap- ISLAM IN ENGLAND-A COR· preciable number of Englishmen or RECTION Americans have become Moslems, tho a few have become Babists or There are signs and signs. A Bahaiists. Islam is not a noticeable statement was made in the "Signs of factor in either English or American the Times" of the MISSIONARY RE- life, and Quilliamism is dead in Liver- VIEW for October, 1910, concerning pool. "Islam in Europe," which statement we find to be chiefly a sign of human J. F. Hewitt, formerly of Bengal, liability to error. The statement was India, later of Liverpool, found on intaken from a source that the editors vestigation last November that Quilhad every reason to believe accurate, liam ran away a few years ago, after and was accepted without independ- an exposure of his disgraceful conduct ent investigation. We now learn, in a divorce case; the house used for however, that the statement as to the the meetings (at 8 Brougham Terstrength of Islam in Liverpool is in- race), has been closed, and there was accurate and misleading. The facts nothing but an old, dilapidated sign to appear to be these: Some eighteefl show that such a Moslem sect ever or twenty years ago Mr. Abdullah existed in Liverpool. Quilliam started a Moslem sect 111 Liverpool, and opened a reading- The appearance of the paragraph in room and a prayer-room, called a the REVIEW is, perhaps, a sign that "mosque." Statements gained cur- followers of Mohammed and Quilrency that Islam was making great liam are making an active propaganda strides among Englishmen, but Mr. through the press, and are attempting Upson, a representative of the Indian to create the belief that Islam is cappress, went to Liverpool and investi- turing England and America. Such, gated the subject. He found that the however, is far from the case. We "mosque" was a hired room; the read- regret the publicity given to the error, ing-room and prayer services were but we rejoice in the fact that it was visited by few and very unimportant an error, and not the truth.* individuals. The men and women attended together, and the latter were * For-further ill formation apply to H.ev. J. F. unveiled. The prayers and hymns Hewett, New Chapel, Stoke-on-Trent; Dr. Henry Martyn Clark, 5 Comely Park, Edinburgh, and James l:{onro, Esq., 17 Rubislaw Terrace, Aber- deen, Scotland.

OPEN-AIR EVANGELfSTIC M E£TlNG AT LO U DON~ NYASALAN D

SIGNS OF THE DAWN IN NYASALAND BY DONALD FRASER, LOUDON, LIVI NGSTO NIA In these days of world-wide com- of missionaries had plunged into a munications and settled government, dark and impenetrable thicket, which we find it hard to appreciate the hero- closed behind them, shutting off all ism and genius required to establish sound and sign of their struggle and pioneer missions in some of the iso- certain death. lated portions of the untamed world. From the written record of their Especially is this so when we try to first brave days we can see them pushestimate the progress which has been ing their way up the wide, shallow made in Central Africa. IVe must try waters of the Zambesi and the Shire to think ourselves back to the state in the little steamer Ilata, which they of affairs thirty-five years ago, when had bolted together at the coast, and the first party of missionaries boldly which had again been taken apart and passed beyond the coast line of Africa rebuilt at the cataracts. We can see and penetrated into the wild and iso- them passing over the still waters of lated interior. What Livingstone had the Upper Shire, which Livingstone revealed of the social unrest, and of had seen blocked with the corpses of the unrestrained and bloody cruelty murdered natives, past the slavingof the slave-traffic in these regions, markets of the Arabs, until they sailed was not calculated to embolden tim- on the waters of the lake, and chose a orous souls. To the few watchers at site for their first mission station at home it seemed as if the first party Cape Mac1ear. Those who will may

read of the long, unlighted days of raiders and raided alike, lived under service among the peoples of the Lake, the terror of its own loathsome and when" blood boils" again and again deadly superstitions. by the sight and story of slaving atrocities, and the little band lived on To one who lives in more settled among a people whose language was days, no language seems vivid enough unknown, cut off for almost a year to describe the land as it was then. from all the news of the civilized But happily the pioneers themselves world which they had left behind scarcely knew how dreadful was their them. Around them were harried environment, or how heroic the task people whom they dared not protect they were attempting. Their faces from the Arab slavers, or the maraud- were not to the darkened west, but ing bands of plundering, murdering toward the dawn in the east. Angoni. The only forces they could use were not those that "boiling The Forces at Work blood" demands, but the slow yet certain powers of civilizing arts and the I shall not attempt to trace the proggentle gospel of peace. ress of all the new forces which are making this land a new land. A mis- The Early Days sionary very soon realizes how mani- fold and complex are the agents If we would understand how great which God employs for the establisha progress has been made since then, ing of the Kingdom of Christ. Many we must remember the isolation of the who little suspect it are His unconmissionaries, when supplies could scious servants of evangelization. only be obtained by long and hazard- First, one must mention the establishous canoe journeys, for which some ment of commerce and lines of commember of the party must be detailed munication. Livingstone always saw off. We must think of the compara- that this would be the greatest enemy tive ignorance of even the medical of the slave traffic, and with the second members of the party as to what pre- party that sailed for Lake Nyasa there cautions must be taken to avoid the was at least one man who went out deadly malaria with which the land ostensibly to develop this agency. As seemed to be full, when all the ro- necessities became more pressing, a mance of waving palm-trees and shi- trading arm of the Livingstonia Misning lake were lost in the recurring sion was formed, which afterward deand disabling and death-dealing at- veloped into the African Lakes Corpotacks of this restless fiend. We must ration. Numerous other trading conremember the wild, unsettled condi- cerns followed, until now Nyasaland tion of the tribes whom no one gov- is interpenetrated by commercial comerned. The Arabs pulled on their panies with scores of steamers which bloody juggernaut of the slave-trade, maintain communication along the until the land stunk with the stench of lake shore and the rivers, with a railtheir victims. The Yao and Angoni way, with coffee, cotton, rubber and maintained the power of the spear by other plantations, which combined to perpetual raids on their weak and dis- export goods produced in the Protecorganized neighbors. And each tribe, torate to the value of iI40,OOO ($700,000) last year. What this en-

OF THE DAWN IN NYASALAND

terprise has done to make practical We no longer live in days of continual the preaching of industry and a self- war alarms, nor see the crowded slave respecting civilization it is impossible dhow in the Jake, nor find the hideous to estimate. And how shall we count stockaded or hidden villages in which up the changes it has made in the the weaker tribes dragged out their possibilities of education, in the adjust- terrified existence. We live in recogments of missionary work, and in the nized security, more unshaken, perlife and influence of each missionary? haps, than that of many a dweller in civilized lands. Then one must mention the blessing that has come by the establish- But if one were to seek out and ment of a settled government. Many enumerate all the agents whom God SCHOOLHOUSE AND DAY-SCHOOL PUPILS AT AN OUT-STATION IN NYASALAND a hard word has been written about has called out to serve Him in Africa, the greedy scramble of European the list would be very long. There is Powers for Africa. And base enough the discovery of the cause of malaria, motives may have prompted more than as great a handmaiden to evangelizaone partition. Yet the fact remains tion as the steamboat or the telegraph. that those open sores of inter-tribal It has enormously prolonged the life warfare, and· of the slave-traffic, and increased the powers and efficiency could not remain festering in the face of missionaries. One can no longer of the world. Some to whom God say, as Drummond did when he passed had given the power to govern must out of Central Africa, "I have been in step in and heal them. And now we the land of the dead." It is now no who live in Nyasaland and the regions uncommon thing for a man to pass round about must bless the day when year after year without a single at- Germany and Britain proclaimed a pa- tack of fever. This has meant that ternal protectorate of these tom lands. the staffs of missionaries are not sub:-

THE BLANTYRE CllURCH-BUILT BY NATIVE LABOR IN NYASALAND ject to so many disorganizing changes, of these lands, and of Dr. Stewart, that they are able to carryon their when suggesting the formation of the work with more continuity, and with Livingstonia Mission. Livingstone more buoyancy of temperament, and believed that in this region Englishthat all over this once savage land men might enjoy good health, and also are little European homes, where be of signal benefit in leading the mulladies sweeten and refine the influences titude of industrious inhabitants to culof the station, and little children with tivate cotton, maize, sugar and other rosy cheeks give an atmosphere of valuable produce, to exchange for home and human joy. goods of European manufacture, at the same time teaching them by pre- Success in the Blantyre Mission cept and example the great truths of our holy religion. And Dr. Stewart I shall not attempt to give a bal- saw an institution like that at Loveanced account of all the success which dale, where in time a town might the various missions have achieved in grow and become a center of Chris- Nyasaland, but shall speak in more tian civilization and commerce. Now, detail of the work of the Livingstonia I do not think it is the function of a Mission, which works in the lands ly- Christian mission to build up a city or ing to the west of Lake Nyasa. Be- develop a great commercial enterprise. fore doing so, let me notice slightly One of the temptations which always one or two of the other great missions appeals to the missionary is to turn of the colony. aside his energies into lines which will provide industry for a people who are First must come the Blantyre Mis- sorely in need of this world's goods. sion of the Church of Scotland. It He recognizes how their poverty hanfollowed soon after the Livingstonia dicaps his work at every turn, and pre- Mission, and has realized more fully vents the growth of that comfortable the original ambition of David Livingstone when calling for occupation

OF THE DAWN IN

civilization which should mark the fully passed these temptations. For progress of the Gospel. Yet I believe while a city is growing around them, that almost every mission which has and a labor-producing industry is covattempted to develop a commercially ering the Highlands which they serve, successful industry laments to-day these are not departments of the miseither the confining circumstances sion's work. With great wisdom, their which must be respected if industry is pioneer missionaries chose a beautito be commercially successful, or the ful situation, which eventually offered limitations which their business neces- prizes of success to commercial entersarily puts on their spiritual service. prise. They led the way, and made for example, they must pay more at- it possible for traders to come to this tention to their proximity to a mar- land, and showed in what ways trade ket than to the claimant needs of un- might grow. In their little garden the evangelized tribes, or the previous oc- first coffee-trees were grown, and in cupation of a district by some other 1901 over 16,900 acres were under mission. And when they have estab- coffee, tho now this industry has falllished a commercially successful mis- en off, and given place to cotton and sion, they are face to face with grave tobacco. They opened the first little questions, such as the dependence of store, started the first carpenter shop, their converts on material things ran the first printing-press, and to-day which come upon the mission, and the there are many contractors' yards absorbing pressure of the business de- where native carpenters and builders mands of the mission, which will not are busily engaged, printing-presses allow the necessary thought or the producing newspapers and books, time to be given to the first things stores with turn-overs of tens of thoufor which a mission stands. sands of pounds. And the presence of these, tho they may not all make for The Blantyre Mission has success- From • Photograph by a Native.

TllK HBKtY HZNDBRSON INSTITUTE AT BUNTYn.. IfYASALANI)

righteousness, yet, in the main, pro- in South Africa, led by Dr. Andrew duce conditions which allow a pros- Murray. At first the mission was perous and educative mission to grow associated with the Livingstonia Mis- in power and grace. sion, but as it grew into strong and The little station at Blantyre, always conscious life, it developed along its noted for its captivating beauty, has own lines in a sphere called Central grown now to a great and impressive and Southern Angoniland. Year by group of buildings. There you will year it has steadily increased in staff see the majestic church, world-re- and in the area covered by its nu- nowned, which stands a daily witness merous stations, until it is now the to the glory of the service of God, a largest mission in Nyasaland. Re- great hospital, an educational institute cently a great forward movement has turning out its scores of lads and girls been made. The Church in the Orange who are soon scattered over all the Free State, and the Transvaal have land from the Kongo Free State to joined hands with the Cape Colony.

South Africa, occupying lucrative and New stations have been opened to the responsible positions. And Blantyre west and south, and a vast ramifica- has now many offshoots, Zomba, Do- tion of schools has been developed. I masi, Mlanse, at each of which the have not the statistics of the mission same thorough work and productive here, but I believe that their scholars results will be found. Their schools now number over 40,000.

number 104, with 4,300 scholars, and The type of their work is very these are not the scholars of statistics, much like that for which the French but of real fact, for each pupil in at- missions have earned an enviable tendance has to pay a substantial fee. reputation. It is characterized by a The church-membership grows with a simple and devout piety, which steadiness and solidity full of promise greatly emphasizes the spiritual side of the future. There are now 2,541 of their work. In addition, at almost in full church-membership, and a the- all of their stations they have de- ological course is in progress for the veloped agricultural work to a large training of promising lads who have extent. Their gardens and orchards already given proof of their spiritual are the delight of all visitors. At power and genius for leadership. the present moment their work at some of the stations has become The Dutch Reformed Mission and Others seriously disorganized by the unex- Another mission which should be pected discovery that sleeping-sick- noted is the mission of the Dutch ness has broken out within the areas Reformed Church of South Africa. which they work.

It should be better known than it is In addition to these missions there were it for nothing else than to dem- are the Zambesi Industrial Mission onstrate with a great emphasis how with its chief plantation and other in- deep is the missionary feeling of the dustrial centers near Blantyre, but South African Dutch Christians. with other very successful ramifica- The mission was started a little tions in Southern Angoniland. To- over twenty years ago by a band day there are 30 Europeans on its of Dutch Reformed Church ministers staff. It has46 schools, 4,200 scholars,

OF THE DAWN IN NYASALAND

and a considerable church-membership. preachers. Now I would stop a mo- There are also a number of other mis- ment here to protest against any at- sions mostly congregated around the tempt to measure the adequacy of the Blantyre Mission such as the Nyasa forces for evangelization by an arith- Industrial Mission, the Baptist Indus- metical numeration of the European trial, the Seventh Day Adventist missionaries. I can not help thinking (American) and the Marist Brothers that such a line of statesmanship (Roman Catholic). ignores the great essential features ,', The Livingstonia Mission of missionary work. Some of them Of the work and success of the may be summed up under these heads: Livingstonia Mission I write with The varying opportunity of using the love and enthusiasm to be ex- native agents, and their varied pected of a member of its staff. The powers. The scattered or concen- sphere which the Livingstonia Mis- trated condition of the native popula- sion cultivates may be roughly de- tion. The need for an efficient staff scribed as bounded on the east by for adequately training your agents.

the lake, on the south by the Eua The variety of service which the mis- River, on the north by German East sionary may require to give. For ex- Africa, and on the west by the ample, he may be a teacher, confining Mchinga Mountains, with an addi- his work to a score of pupils, an evan- tional sphere around the land con- gelist himself doing the preaching of secrated forever as the death place of the gospel, a superintendent, organ- David Livingstone. Within this sphere izing and directing the work of hun- there are no other missions and that dreds of agents through whom he is a fact for which we must ever be would multiply himself again and thankful, as it has saved the Church again. . And, after all, is not the from the lamentable waste of over- lesson of your supreme American lapping from the discreditable [teart- evangelist's life, the unmeasured pos- burnings of denominational jealousy, sibilities that are in one man wholly and has given the mission a rare op- yielded to God?

portunity of working out without The first twenty years of the Liv- hindrance a unity of policy, un- ingstonia Mission were years of trammeled by unworthy motives. pioneer work, when foundations were Would that the same could be said being solidly laid, but little of the of all the spheres of mission work in superstructure had begun to appear.

unevangelized lands. The spheres for During these years six or seven which we are responsible are now stations were established with a staff completely covered by a great net- of 2I Europeans. But at the end of work of agencies, which may be con- that period there were only 178 native cretely summed up as 661 schools. converts, and some 5I schools with But to superintend these there are 4,500 pupils. To-day there are nine only eight European stations, tho stations manned by 26 Europeans, but it is our ambition to add two in the the native church has grown to 6,200 near future. For these stations there members, and there are over 661 are 26 Europeans who superintend schools staffed by about 1,259 teachers the work of 1,259 native teachers and and with 58,000 pupils on the roll.

A CLASS OF BOAll:DIN G·:;; CHOQL GIRLS AT LOUDON, NYASALASD Now by what arithmetical rule shall of the evangelist and for whom a we measure the possible progress of literature had to be created that they the Kingdom of God in the light of might feed their souls. this fact? Twenty years had only produced 178 Christians, and th e last The schools in the beginning were fifteen have produced over 6,000. very simple affairs. In many cases Last year alone more than 1,700 were they were not even housed in the most baptized, and 7,500 were in the primitive building, and consisted of catechumenate. We stop short in a group of children meeting at the all our calculations to recognize that kraal gate, who listlessly attempted to there are forces hidden in God's King- master the alphabet and primer. But dom which we can not estimate, and as the value of education became more of the day and the hour when the apparent the schools became more Kingdom shall be fulfilled no man ambitious, seductive bribes to make knoweth . children attend ceased, and new de- mands on self-help were imposed. The basic work of the Livingstonia lOW no school is continued unless Mission has been educational. From the villagers build a neat schoolhouse, the schools, and what they produce pay school fees, and buy their books. the great part of the progress has been The standard of the teachers has made. This is the necessary and greatly risen, and there is a growing healthy policy in such a land as Cen- number of highly trained normal tral Africa. For here is a people who teachers connected with every station. were entirely illiterate, whose intelligences required to be developed that This advance was made possible by they might understand the message the starting of a Central Institution by Dr. Laws. Here teachers and evan-

OF THE DAWN IN NYASALAND

gelists are scientifically trained, and value of these little agencies has been large numbers of apprentices go that they have always been more through a four and five years' course evangelical than educational aims. In in carpentry, engineering, building, them the Gospel is daily taught, intailoring, etc. The Institution would telligence is created which strikes an take an article all to itself to ade- effective blow at dark superstitions, quately describe, suffice it to say that and prepares a people to understand it has been planned and developed on and receive Christian truth. The the most generous scale. Liberal teachers and monitors all make prodonors have lavished handsome gifts fession of Christianity, and underon its equipment, and already, al- stand that their primary work is to tho its plans are still far from prepare a way for the Gospel, and to complete, more than £30,000 have proclaim it. The result is that a new been spent on its equipment. That this school is never open many months has been well spent, we, at the out- before there grows about it a group stations can tell, and anyone reading of inquirers who afterward become the statistics of the mission will see catechumens, and other church memhow centralizing special training has bers. reduced the necessary European staffing at out-stations, and has produced Requirements for Church Membership a large number of highly efficient native helpers, and has made possible Yet the process is not sudden and huge advances in the primary work of uncontrolled. The church memberevangelization. ship is carefully guarded, as indeed it requires to be in these days of mass But to return to the schools. The movement toward Christianity. We TEACHERS AND :BOARDING PUPILS AT CHETAMBA M.ISSION STATI ON, NYASALAND

are sober Scotchmen, and have learned preached is, "Behold an open door the lesson of a century of missions, which no man can shut." In spite of and respect the necessities of mission- all caution the numbers who seek the ary discipline. Hence it is agreed by privilege of church membership are all the missions in Nyasaland that very great. My own station at none are baptized until they have been Loudon is now but eight years old, about three years under special in- yet I have nearly 2,000 in full church struction, and their manner of life has membership, 3,000 in the catechumenbeen thoroughly tested. When we ate, and nearly 4,000 in the inquirer's admit to church membership the classes. These are not figures which history of each one publicly received show wisdom or power in man, but is at least somewhat as follows: Three the Almightiness of the Lord the years ago he joined the inquirer's Spirit. class and attended its weekly meetings. Then he came to the European The Growth of Schools for examination after being judged fit by the native elder. Then he was A government official who had been publicly received as a catechumen, considering the rapid growth of our went through another eighteen schools recently said to me, "But ·months' instruction in the catechu- where is this to stop? The demands menate, was then examined by a na- on the home liberality must increase tive elder, and afterward by the Eu- at a huge rate." Well, one would ropean missionary. If his answers naturally fear so, and I think our COUlgave evidence of a new life and of mittee at home rejoices with a good sufficient intelligence his name was deal of trembling when we send them then sent down to the local church our annual reports. But, after all, the members, who pronounced on his increase on the demands of home manner of life, whether it gave liberality, have not at all been proevidence of his loyalty to Christ, portionate to the increase of work out then it was submitted to the session here. In 1903 there were only 374 of native elders, and if they approved, schools. To-day there are 661 schools. he was publicly baptized. If there In 1903 the educational grant from are any Roman Catholic readers of home amounted to i1,487, while the this paper I hope they will take note grant for this last year was i2,o97. of this caution, for some of them have That is to say, that while the schools charged us in print with a lack of increased from 371 to 661 and the caution, and with overmuch haste. scholars from 19,000 to 58,000 there But I expect that there are also was only an increase of £610 on the zealous and hasty souls, who read grant sent by the home church. Here this paper, and who are lifting up their surely is a case where God's returns hands in dismay at the sore restraints are not to be measured by His peowe seem to put on souls ready to con- ple's givings. fess Christ. But it is one thing to confess Christ and another to enter the But how is it that there has been church. And the message which so little increase necessary from the without limit or qualification is home church? Well, there are various reasons, and one is that God has a treasury here also.

First of all, Government has recently

OF THE DAWN IN NYASALAND

answered the repeated claims of the thousands of people. The addresses missionary societies, and has begun to were, of course, given by interpretamake a grant toward education. It tion; but in spite of the great difficulis still a very small sum. The pro- ties presented by such a method of portion that comes to the Living- teaching, wonderful and never-tostonia Mission for its 58,000 pupils be-forgotten results followed. The is £275 a year. But, best of all, the great audiences were entirely broken people are beginning to give a little for down. Weeping and confessing their own support, and last year they dedication to God were the signs of gave nearly £900. Here is a veritable the presence of the Spirit in the hearts gold mine which we are beginning to of the congregations, and tho the open up, and the more genuinely African is perhaps a very emotional ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH) MSONDOLE, DOMASl, NYASALAND. BUILT BY THE NATlVE CONGREGATION spiritual our progress is, the richer man, the effects have not been tempowill this vein prove to be. When rary or disastrous. One has seen one remembers that only a small per- throughout the land a quickened centage of the people get wages for church greatly rejoicing in the fellowa few months in the year, and that ship of the Spirit, an intense spirit the average pay of the working of service, a great ingathering of the man is r0d (3 cents) a day, the sum heathen, and many another evidence of £900 represents a fair liberality. that God alone has done what we saw during those convention days. During these past months an awakening of a very spiritual and One would not represent the true fruitful character has come to the feeling of the mission staff in these church. The Rev. Charles Inwood, days of progress were one to close a deputy from Keswich Convention, this article with a mere recounting of held a series of four large conven- the good things we see. There are tions which were attended by many weaknesses in the Church, and perils

ahead of us, to which we are very some districts by an irruption of what much alive. Weare far from satis- is called Ethiopianism, but what is fied with the spirit of liberality. There really an immoral reaction against are very many in the Church who seem church discipline led by a strange to know little of the living fellowship American sect which sends natives of of God. A greater love of the Bible no good character to preach a strange TI-m INTERIOR OF THE LOUDON CHURCH, NYASALAND as the true word of God, a greater complication of doctrines, the only Christlikeness in conduct, a more point of which they seem to have vital faith in prayer, a more intelligent grasped is that there is no hell-fire. grasp of divine truth, these are things But this has scarcely touched the we lack. Church, beyond awakening it to greater activity. We have had sore times, too, in MONEY GIFTS AND THEIR VALUE 1. TiJr.-A small gift from a full 4. Silver.-The gift of pity for the purse with no earnest thoughts or needy; at some cost to the giver prayer. and with a desire for the better- 2. Brass.-A gift for praise of men -without love and without sacri- ment of mankind. fice. 5 C;old.-The gift of love to Christ 3. Iron.-The gift of necessity, due and love for those who know not to the importunity of an appeal or His salvation. The gift or real a promise; without free-will or sacrifice cheerfully given. heartiness. What kind of a gift is yours?

INDIA'S NATIONALisM AND

BY REV. HENRY MANSELL, D.D. l1issionary of the l;Iethodist Episcopal Church, 1866.

"India never had any nationality," and formed the Adhi Samaj, and these said Sir George Clarke, Governor of two factions are not yet united.. Bombay, when addressing a wealthy and educated audience iil Bombay a Recently there has been an associashort time ago. Like the educated tion formed in Serampore to advocate Bengalis, these people are eager to the remarriage of child widows, but assume national honor and responsi- when arrangements were made for one bility, and Sir George assured them such marriage, the Brahmans in Calthat the surest and quickest way to cutta raised obj ections and preventattain their ends was to ally them- ed it. selves with the nation now in authority in India. They must study the The educated and wealthy Indian principles of the British Government citizens of Cawnpore who formed a and compare it with all the other gov- reading club, and took a number of ernments of the world; they must daily and weekly newspapers, periodlearn loyally to obey that power un- icals and books, met in harmony for der which they live, and must frater- a time, but when the first tribal war nize with other nations and tribes broke out and British troops were hurand religions. ried to the frontier, and news came daily of battles with varied fortunes, This is a problem hard to solve. the club met early to read the latest Hindus and Mohammedans are so of- news, then Nawab Ali Khan said to ten in conflict, especially when the the Hindu Rajah: Moharram and Ram Lilla coincide in date; indeed, Shias and Sunnis are "Rajah Sahib, I notice that when nearly always in conflict when Tazias there is a victory by the British forces are carried to burial. An effort look- you always look pleased, but when the ing toward union was made when the Mohammedans are victorious, you are Indian National Congress was inau- sad. Why is it? We are all fellow gurated, but soon the Mohammedans countrymen, but the British are forbroke off and began the Indian Loyal eigners. Nhy should we not be breth- Association, so that the congress was ren ?" divided. One faction determined to criticize the Government adversely, The Rajah said: "Nawab Sahib, and the other to express loyal senti- we can trust the word of the British, ments. but not that of the Mohammedans. You remember that in the last war The late Babu Ram Mohan Roy, a between Hindus and Mohammedans learned and eloquent man, formed the the general promised the Hindus parreform sect, called the Brahma Samaj, don if they would surrender. They but when he gave in marriage his did, and he had them all destroyed." daughter, who was under the age which he himself had proposed as In Southern India there was a very proper for girls to be married, several low-caste tribe who were not allowed Brahmans, with several others, left to wear clothes, except the little belt around their waists. Then many of them became Christians they and their missionaries insisted on their wearing

chadars (waists). Then suddenly freedom and a passion for national there was an uprising in their caste unity not grow in India, as it to put down this pride and make them did among the Aryan tribes of. Eu- still go naked as usual, and the Gov- rope? Probably the cause is to be ernment came in and sustained the sought in the rigidly d(.spotic and ty- Christians and thus made peace. rannical manner in which the con- Last year there was an uprising of quering Aryans treated the subject Chilsa mountainous tribe against their races. A section of a community, espe- head men who opprest them, and the cially if it be small one, can not con- missionaries were chosen to arbitrate. tinue to enjoy freedom if it rigidly de- so that the dispute was settled and the nies it to the other and larger sections, British troops, which were ready, were and can not have a desire to be united not required. with it by the national tie if it invari- The Arya Samaj affirms that it is ably despises the other as an inferior not disloyal to government, but It con- race and denies it the "ordinary rights stantly opposes Christianity. So the of man." But perhaps the most striking history of India is the history of tribe of all is the quotation from Mr. Rhys at war with tribe, and caste with caste. Davids in Buddhistic India, where, we The ancient history of India is the are told, that when Buddhism arose same. The Brahmans, or Sons of the there was no paramount sovereign in Sun, were constantly at war with India. The kingly power was not, of the Chpatris, the Sons of the Moon. course, unknown, for there had been The sacrifice of the horse by one of . kings in the valley of the Ganges for these castes was a challenge to the centuries long before Buddhism, and other castes to make war. the time was fast approaching when It is not the form of government the whole of India would be under that will nationalize India. The bril- the sway of monarchical governments.

liant editor of the Modern Review, In those years we find a still sur- and Dr. Burenderkar, writing in the viving number of small aristocratic Times of India, have said: "The In- republics, and four kingdoms of con- dian Aryans, like their European siderable extent and power. The tend- brethren, had the rudiments of free ency toward the gradual absorption political institutions." When Teshalea of these domains, and also of the tribes settled in any province, the republics into the neighboring king- name of the tribe in any province be- doms, was also in full force.

came the name of the province, and These quotations sustain the state- these collectively became identified ment of the Governor of Bombay, that with the countries in which they lived, India never had any nationality, and and actually the existence of aristo- go far to prove the statement that the cratic republics is alluded to in Budd- evil system of caste is the cause of it, histic Pali books. But the rudiments by giving to the few the power to of free political institutions did not trample the manhood out of the many grow in India, and no passion for na- millions. Moreover, I echo the senti- tional unity was strong enough to ment of the same governor, that one trample under foot the germs of caste. way to improve is to loyally obey the Why did the instinct for political best government India has ever had,

19II ] INDIA'S NATIONALISM AND

and to learn the principles of govern- Christians education to work for the ment by studying all governments, salvation of their countrymen. whether Christian or non-Christian. Only Christianity can cure the cruel 4. The American Board missions, system of caste and lift India to man- and those of the Reformed (Dutch) hood and make her a nation among Church, received a powerful stimulus nations, whether it be a limited mon- by the Edinburgh Conference, and archy or a repUblic. are having new success, according to their new faith. We have spoken of various reforms in India which at first gave great 5. The English Baptists also are promise, but as Dr. Robinson, editor of The Kaukab-a-Hind, wisely says, awake and successful. "Reforms in India do not always 6. The Presbyterians of two namove as rapidly as at first they gave promise. This is because so many tions and three denominations having influential men are quite willing to united, are a mighty force in North advocate these reforms, for the coun- and Northwest India. The last contry at large, but fail to break with vention at Sialkot was a season of tradition when they touch their own great revival. personal lives." This strikes the key- {lote of my affirmation that Christian- 7. The last Dassehra camp-meeting ity only can sweep away caste, the of the Methodist Episcopal Church at maximum of "Man's inhumanity to man," and make a man new and un- Lucknow, was not so well attended selfish, so that he will advocate re- as usual, but it was a season of rich forms in the country even when they revival influence, and many Indians touch his personal life, and go consecrated themselves to the work against his own interests, for the good of saving others. Rev. Stanley Jones, of the nation. I believe in the "ade- of Lucknow, writes: "The other day quacy of Christianity" for the salva- J preached on Acts I: 8 before a body tion of India in the near future. of seventy-five or eighty Hindustani preachers; the power of God fell on I. The Bishop of Madras is at- us, and many were overcome as they tempting the work of uplifting and crowded to the altar pleading for the saving the lower castes, and is suc- baptism of the Holy Spirit. It would cessful, as are all the missionaries. have done one good to see the Indian preachers studying the translation of 2. The English Church missionaries Dr. Keen's pentecostal papers on that are using the grants made by the Cen- subject as a text-book, and asking tenary committee very judiciously for questions and showing a keen interest evangelistic work, for building up in the teaching concerning the Holy men, and for mission schools that will Ghost. This is bound to bear much also be evangelistic. fruit."

3. The American Baptists in South- All these unions of missions and ern India are unusually successful in revivals are harbingers of the coming all their work. Their Christian revival which is to sweep India into school-work, inaugurated by the late a blaze of revival, followed by no de- Dr. Clough, is giving many young clension till India is saved. My con- fidence is based not only on what has already begun, but on the work and the prayers of the Edinburgh Con-

ference. The fact that all Protestant rect the errors of the other's creeds denominations of the world were able or rituals, and when arguments art: to put aside their differences and to offered, division must occur. But unite to consider the needs of the non- when the union is that of the Spirit Christian nations. and to work and in the bond of love, each can in love pray for their speedy conversion is a tolerate the supposed errors of the mighty basis for faith. Having this others, and all may unite in work and spiritual union, organic union is not prayer for the non-Christian world essential. If Church of England men with an irresistible force which will go were in organic union with Meth- far to answer the united prayer for the odists, or Presbyterians, or Baptists, salvation of the world. Union with each would feel in duty bound to cor- Christ demands union with each other.

WOMAN AND THE REGENERATION OF INDIA BY E. M. WHERRY, LUDHIANA, PUNJAB, INDIA The population of India is reckoned must make what may seem to some a to be about three hundred millions, of few commonplace statements concernwhich nearly one-half belong to wo- ing the woman's present place in mankind. These belong to all the India's social life. races and religions of the empire. Nothing occurs in the empire in which (I) She is the Mother of the Inwoman has not her part to do or to dians. Do we fully appreciate the insuffer. The work of the Church, in fluence of our own mothers in our own its endeavor to evangelize India, has to national life? ' What has mother done do with the women quite as much as for you and for me-in the formation with the men. It may be questioned of our habits, our thoughts, our charwhether this fact has generally been acter? 'What has her influence counted realized. True it is that women have for in our intellectual, moral and rebeen sent abroad as missionaries to ligious life? Let us remember that work in zananas and girls' schools and mothers in India exercise a similar and hospitals, and a great work is being in some respects a more powerful indone by them for women in almost fluence over their offspring. Nothing every sphere of missionary endeavor. is more notable in India than the in- The more one learns in regard to In- fluence of the mother in the average dian womanhood the more clearly it household upon the sons. She is the is perceived that woman's work for one above all others who has loved woman in India is necessary not only them. In sickness she has nursed to reach her in the seclusion of the them. In sorrow she has comforted zanana, but absolutely necessary to them. In times of need she has helped the evangelization of the men as well. them as she could. She has watched It is to emphasize this fact that I have over them with jealous care day in undertaken to write this article. and day out. She has rejoiced in their advancement and planned for their Woman's Place in India future. All the power of mother-love contributes to make her supreme in In order to rightly understand the the affections of her sons. Unlettered importance of Indian womanhood, we

I9II ] WOMAN AND THE REGENERATION OF

as she is, for her custom is law and by a wife whose influence has even- hereditary superstition is her religion. tually succeeded in compromising his From this it follows that the mother faith and finally diverting him from stands for extreme conservatism. his purpose to be a Christian. Many Every new thought is viewed with such cases might be adduced. I shall suspicion and everything antagonizing mention but one. H- S- was the social custom or religious observance only son of a widow, who lived in a is sure to find in her a zealous oppo- Punjab village. He was a bright nent. Noone knows this better than young man, studying in a mission the zanana missionaries. high-school. His great ambition was (2) But this woman is also a wife to secure service on the railway or in as well as a mother. If she be a a telegraph office on a salary of two Hindu, she has among her gods first or three hundred rupees. He was the of all her husband. Him she rever- best student in his class and deeply in- ences and him she serves as a slave. terested in the Bible. Day after day Her life is bound up in his. Not long he came to learn about Jesus. He ex- since such a wife looked forward to pected to be a Christian some time.

the privilege of dying with her hus- He won a scholarship in college and band on his funeral pile. One might continued his studies there. On suppose that such a wife would have graduating he was chosen for a high little or no influence upon her husband. office under the Government which Sometimes this is so, but when sons obliged his going to Calcutta. He are born, her influence begins to grow called upon me to express his thanks and her motherhood carries with it in- to me for all I had done for him. We creasing power over her husband. kneeled together and prayed that he She becomes the conservator of social might now be able to take his stand customs and caste restriction. Is her for Christ. He carried letters of in- husband disposed to fall in with some troduction to Christian friends in Cal- of the new-fangled notions, born of cutta. Time went on, but no progress the schools ? Would he indulge in for- toward Christ was manifest. Finally bidden food or drink? Let him be- a lady explained that the wife was a ware! The consent must be obtained bigoted Hindu. Here was the force from the mother of his children. If that held him back. H- S- died a she give it, all is well so far as his nominal Hindu.

home is concerned; but if she refuse, If the wife be a Moslem, her in- he must refrain upon the penalty of fluence is still very great. Here, being an outcast. His wife can by a again, she stands for Moslem custom word array against him the powers of and wields power through her rela- the Brotherhood. Her relatives and tives and the priests. The patriarchal his, with the Brahman priest, will at system, whereby all the members of a once arise and set themselves to re- household have their estates in com- form the troublesome member. Many mon under the headship of the father an inquirer, whose mind has been -or, if he be dead, of the mother, filled with the holy teachings of Jesus binds the whole together in a way and whose heart has been drawn to- that distinctly limits the liberty of the ward his Savior, has been confronted individual. M- M- Khan is a mem-

ber of such a household. He has a cumstances the most trying. The brother who lives with the widowed early invasion of India by Moslem mother and manages the landed prop- armies brought together the Hindu erty. M- M- Khan is an officer in armies to defend the city and fort of the police service and usually away Daibul, the precursor of the present from home. He shares equally with city of Karachi. After a fierce strugthe brother in the estate so long as the gle the Moslems were victorious and mother lives. They have thousands the city lay at their feet. The Hindu of dollars in the bank and vested in women refused to surrender to the securities, but all in common. The conquerors, but shutting themselves in mother holds the key but can get noth- the palace they set fire to it and were ing without the two sons, excepting a burned to death rather than survive monthly allowance. They can get to meet dishonor at the hands of their nothing without her. M- M- Khan enemies. has become a Christian. The mother and brother, with the Brotherhood, in- Many similar stories might be cluding his wife's relatives, have ar- related, showing the sturdy characrayed themselves against him, taken ter of Hindu women. But we do not his wife and children away, seized his need to search the annals of war to movable property and threaten him find the courageous endurance possible with financial ruin. A word from his to the Indian w011lan. Visit the sacred mother would change the situation. shrines and you there will find those But as yet that word has not been who have braved the hardships and given and probably never will be dangers of a long journey with their given except at the price of his apos- husbands, bearing the heat and cold tasy. and fatigue with wonderful fortitude, often sacrificing their lives for the These instances illustrate how that sake of their religion. Many too, who, India's womanhood often stands in like Chandra Lela, having lost their the way of the conversion of the men. husbands by the way, have completed On the other hand, when a wife or the journey alone, assuming the remother stands by the son or husband sponsibility of caring for their houseand is willing to share the persecution holds. Such women are patriots to of the clan or caste, the way to open their country and are ready to sacrifice confession of Christ is made easy. comfort and Ii fe itself for their coun- Thanks be to God there are many in- try and their religion. As a Hindu, stances illustrating the devotion of her social customs, her caste and her women who have suffered with their religion are inseparably bound tohusbands for the sake of Christ. gether, and therefore any attack made There are others, not a few, who have upon Hinduism is an attack upon her. left all for the love of the Christ, who had said, "Follow me." It is well known there in the present state of unrest, some of the most (3) This leads me to notice another active seditionists are women, who characteristic of India's womanhood: with facile pens have vented their the heroic. fierce contempt upon the cowardly young men who are afraid to fight and History testifies to the courage and to die for liberty. Without doubt devotion of Indian women, under cir-

AND THE REGENERATION OF

some of those young men, who have fore she was sent to the hospital, suffered a traitor's death, or who now where she was expected to die.

languish in prison, were instigated to These instances illustrate the desper- the deeds they committed by Indian ate extremes to which the apparently women. It is not, therefore. difficult mild Hindu woman will go in order to to see how great woman's influence is accomplish her purpose. Persons sus- in India, when leveled against the gos- pected of being secret believers, and pel. Her love, her cunning, her de- those, too, who have been baptized, ception, her uncompromising spirit, have often been put away by means of her deadly hatred, her readiness to poison. What wonder that women counsel extreme measures, are all who have accepted the Christian faith capable of being used to overthrow are afraid to remain at home, and in what she conceives to be the enemies consequence flee for protection to the of her race and her religion. missionary teacher? Courage is not a An Indian pastor told me the follow- quality belonging solely to the enemies ing story. Many years ago when he of the gospel in an Indian household.

was a boy, one of the female members The heroism of some women who of the family fell under suspicion of have braved all to confess Christ in conduct that would disgrace the family. India compares well with that of the The mother-in-law took the matter heroines of the early Church, and into her own hands. Poison was here is the hope that lies in the charac- mixt with the food that girl ate. She ter of Indian women under the power fell ill and died in agony during the of the gospel. Wedded as they may night. Her body was cast into a well be to Hindu or Moslem superstition, and in the morning she was dragged they are not impervious to Christian out as a suicide. The funeral pyre in teaching. If they can not read books the early hours of the morning wiped they can read character. They can un- out all traces of the crime. derstand the gospel in the Christian's A few months since a young woman life. Loyalty to the marriage vows was admitted to our hospital. She often lead Indian women to follow was so ill that little hope could be their husbands into the Christian fold.

given that she would recover. How- A Hindu lady, once a bigoted Hindu, ever, by constant watching and care- is now a pastor's wife. Her husband ful treatment she slowly recovered. was constrained to leave all to follow The day before she was to be dis- Christ, but for some time she refused charged the mother-in-law came to to leave her people. The husband the hospital bringing a cup of milk went to a distant city and while there and asked permission to give it. he fell seriously ill. He wrote his Without suspicion her request was wife, telling her of his illness. She granted. The milk was given and determined to care for him, altho the mother-in-law departed. Ten she had no intention of becoming a minutes later the patient was dead! Christian or of breaking her caste by What the motive was no one certainly living with him. She went to see him knows. It was thought that she was and for a whole month she cooked his dissatisfied with her home. It is now food as a faithful wife, tho living quite clear that she had been drugged be- apart from him. Seeing the change

which had been wrought in her hus- cieties, the mothers' meetings and the band by the gospel and learning more missionary societies in the Indian of the truth from a missionary lady, churches. she was led to Christ, and from that day became a most devoted Christian Many of those women more adworker. vanced in learning are inspectresses of Government schools. Here is one We have only to look in upon any who has had more than thirty girls' one of the average congregations to schools under her care for nearly see noble Christian women, possest of forty years. Here is a younger lady the courage and devotion already de- who is inspectress of all the Governscribed, who are now engaged in the ment schools in a large city. Still Master's service and exerting a power- another, a college graduate, is inful influence in the home, the Sunday- spectress of all the girls' schools in a school and the Church. Through large native state. Others are printhese she reaches out upon the wider cipals of schools, professors in colcircle of India's womanhood in the leges for women, secretaries of schools and zananas. Young Women's Christian Associa- tion and Endeavor Societies. Still The Hindu Woman's Ability others have studied medicine and are doctors in hospitals, nurses and com- As wives and mothers, the Chris- pounders. A few are professors in tian women of India are devoted to medical institutions. their children, and as far as they can they help them to secure that educa- The problem of evangelizing Hindu, tion and training which wiI1 make Moslem and low-caste women and them useful members of society and children is very great. If it had to be of the Church. Here is a mother solved by foreign lady missionary whom I saw standing side by side labor its solution would be difficult with her husband and their three chil- indeed. But with an ever-growing dren, two boys and a girl. This was Christian community bringing into forty years ago. The father soon the Church young women consecrated died. The widow became a servant to the Master's service, there is a sure and was for a while in my family. prospect of a rapid evangelization of Her children were taught in the mis- India's womanhood largely by native sion school and orphanage for girls. agency. The eldest son is now an evangelist, the daughters married and became Moslem Women zanana teachers, while the youngest son is a mechanic, supporting a numer- Some years since there was held in ous family. The sons and daughters Medina (Arabia) a conference of of .Christian women, of· whom the progressive Moslems, at which the above example is one of the humblest, question was discust as to why Mosare now the Christian teachers in our lem nations were losing ground, while schools or the pastors and evangelists others were continually advancing. in our churches and village centers. This conference was held in secret. They are the strength of the Sunday- Even the minutes or report was not schools, the Christian Endeavor So- published for some time after the con- ference had adjourned. When it was published it first saw light in Port

Said under the protection of a Chris- absence of Hindu and Moslem wotian flag. Over one hundred and forty men capable of being made teachers. reasons were given for the non-pro- In their need they turn to the Chrisgressive condition of Islam. Many and tians. Thus a grand opportunity is quite revolutionary reforms were sug- opened up to Christian women and a gested, some of which are now being sphere of influence almost boundless. carried out in Turkey and Persia. Among these suggested reforms were Education of Boys the abolition of the harem system, whereby women are secluded from the Again, the rapid advance made in the education of boys has developed a ONE WAY T:V WHrCH L A DY Mr SSIONARIES TRA'EL IN INDIA naturally enlightening influences of great need-the need of lady teachers human society, and the absolute neces- in the lower grades of all boys' sity of educating the women as well schools. This need is being felt espeas the men. These views are being cially in schools for Christian boys. ventilated by Moslem leaders in India, Young men who have entered the eduand many Moslems are promoting the cational department as teachers are establishment of schools and colleges not only wanting in the patience and for Moslem women. Some have be- sympathy necessary for the best work gun to send their daughters to Chris- in infant and primary classes, but tian institutions. Everywhere among usually feel it to be beneath their the Hindus female education is being dignity to teach the lower classes. promoted and schools are being estab- Moreover, the number of Christian lished. The practical difnculty is the teachers is so small that of necessity

non-Christians have to be employed a great deal. In India she may be and these for the lower classes. The able to do much through the medium solution of this problem lies in the of her own language, especially in employment of Indian lady teachers. educational work. She is wanted to This will open up another great sphere take charge of or to teach in the of influence for India's womanhood. boarding and day schools, to superin- tend orphanages and asylums, to di- The women and children who have rect the work of schools for girls and been taught to read have need of a women in the zan{ma, to take charge special literature. Who so capable to of hospitals and dispensaries, to train produce it as the educated woman? A Christian women, to assist in convenbeginning has already been made and tions and summer schools, to under- Christian ladies, like the late lamented take extensive tours among the vil- Lilavati Singh, are now editing pe- lages, etc. riodicals specially published for women. The vista here is so wide as to It goes without saying that for such open to view another almost bound- service India calls upon Christian less sphere for woman's influence upon lands for their choicest young women. all classes of society. Education can not be too high, while Christian experience and Bible knowl- Much more might be written along edge should be of a very high order. this line, but enough has been written Let it not be supposed that any mato prepare the way for the words with terial which can not be used in the which I would conclude this article. home field will do for the foreign field. Send us the best. With such Woman'. Work in India an army of Christian workers, leading the increasingly large bands of Indian What is the special sphere in which Christian women in the great work of the lady missionary will work in the evangelizing their non-Christian sisfuture for the regeneration of India? ters, the conquest of India's woman- In the light of what we have said, is it hood for Christ is only a question of not clear that she must first of all time. Many are enlightened and are assume the place of a leader? By her now holding out their hands for the culture, her Christian experience, her bread and water of life. Many are special training and by her devotion to perishing for want of knowledge. the Master's service, as well as by her Fifty millions of low-caste Hindus official relation to the home societies, and Moslems are turning to us for a the lady missionary becomes a leader fuller knowledge of Jesus Christ. in the mission field. She is a for- Thousands are being added to the eigner; and being such, she rarely se- churches annually. The supreme need cures that intimate knowledge of the of this class is training in Bible language and acquaintance with the knowledge and Christian life. For people necessary to close personal these teachers must be trained. United work among the people. If she ever effort on the part of lady teachers, acquire this knowledge, it must be European and Indian, can solve this after years of residence and patient problem. Who will volunteer for this study. However, with a competent service? staff of Indian workers, she can, by directing their efforts, accomplish

RYUNG-A TYPICAL KOREAN

KOREA-THE LAND OF OPPORTUNITY * INVEST NOW. BIG RETURNS!

BY MISS ANNA W. PIERSON "Chosen," as the Japanese call it, or away any monotony from the scene, the "Land of the Morning Calm," as for both boys and girls wear clothes of its name means, "The Palestine of the the brightest hues-pink, red, green, Far East," as we love to think of it, is purple and yellow. A group of chila fascinating country to visit. Even dren at play looks like an animated in the winter months the sunshine is flower-bed. A foreigner can at first glorious, and the air is crisp and in- scarcely distinguish a boy from a girl, vigorating. The faces of the moun- as both wear their hair in a plait down tains change their aspect every hour their backs, and the long bright of the day. They are most beautiful colored coats reach below the knee. when first touched into a rosy hue by the rising sun. The simple, childlike cordiality of the Korean is also in contrast to the There is a marked contrast be- formal elaborate politeness of the tween Japan, with its ever green semi- Japanese. On our first Sunday in tropical appearance, its wooded hills Seoul I attended one of the native and terraced hillsides and Korea with churches with a lady missionary. We its bare brow11 fields and snow covered sat on the women's side of the church hiIIs in the winter months. The Korean which was divided from the men's by houses are made of dried clay, with a white curtain. Several of the thatched roofs so that a village re- Korean women, as they passed the seIIlbles a forest of mushrooms. The bench on which we sat, smiled and tr~autiful d~ar blue'skyand the bright patted my arm or knee as they colored dresses of the people take squatted on the fioor. At the close of • A letter from Korea, after six weeks in Seoul, Peng Yang and Sell Cbun.

the service many of them came up and what they learn. Dr. James S. Gale tells took my hand in both of theirs and of one man who traveled a hundred smiling into my face said, "Pyung-an- miles to see him and when asked the hassio." (Peace). It made one's heart purpose of his visit replied: "I have glow and I felt that I was among been memorizing some verses of the sisters. No one can visit Korea and Bible and I came to recite them to look sympathetically into the work you !" The man recited without an without being greatly imprest with the error the entire "Sermon on the crying needs that mark the present Mount." Dr. Gale told him that if he hour. simply memorized it, it would do him no good, he must practise its teach- From the beginning of the great ings. His face lighted up with a revival in Korea, the Bible has been smile as he replied, "That is the way the one great Book of the Christians. I learned it. I tried to memorize it, The secret of the strength of the but it wouldn't stick, so I hit upon this Korean Church lies in the fact that the plan. I would memorize a verse, and Bible is their daily food. The Chris- then find a heathen neighbor and practians read it day and night and are tise the verse on him. Then I found among the greatest Bible lovers in the it would stick." world. They take it with them wherever they go, women and children The Koreans are preeminently a carrying theirs in a cloth tied about literary people. Their native script or the waist. Large portions of the Un-Mun, is the simplest in the world. Bible are committed to memory by old It was invented in the fifteenth cenand young; Children often memorize tury, but was little used and was several thousand verses in a year, and looked upon with contempt because so are not satisfied until they can repeat easy that "even a woman could learn the whole of the N~w Testament. it in a month." But after four hun- The people also put into practise dred years this despised script became THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION AT SEOUL" KOREA

KOREA-THE LAND OF

the instrument prepared by God for tells a wonderful story of six Korean reaching these people through His leaders whom the old Emperor had word and Christian literature. In locked in his criminal prison because China and India the vast majority of he feared they wanted to introduce rethe people can not read, but in Korea form along western lines. They were reading is almost universal. Even put in without trial, made to work hard, suffered from cold, ill treatment, THE CENTRAL PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. SEOUL vermin and filth, and were in constant fear of execution. They had proud From this sevel-al othe r churches have sprung. blood in their veins and a deadly de- sire for vengeance in their hearts. those who have had no education and "They hoped for escape, for the ophave passed middle age, when they be- portune moment, the keen knife and come Christians, can learn to read the squaring of accounts, when all their Bibles in a few weeks. unexpectedly there came into their midst the New Testament, Bunyan's The customs and stories of the "Pilgrim's Progress" and some of D. Bible appeal to the Korean as to the L. Moody's tracts in Chinese. Their people of almost no other country out- prison was visited regularly by Dr. side of Palestine. Many of their hab- and Mrs. A. D. Bunker and became its and customs, beliefs concerning first an inquiry room, then a house of demons and the sacrifice for sin, are prayer, then a chapel for religious similar to those of the Bible. Thus exercises, then a theological hall, and the Bible is a living, up-to-date book when the course was completed, God with them and speaks to them concerning temptations and problems of A l'ENG YANG WOMAN 'S HAT the daily life. They believe it without a question. let them all out of prison and set them to work. With their high social Dr. Gale believes that Koreans standing and superior training they make fervent, whole-hearted Chris- became the first Christian leaders of tians because the testing quantity has entered so deeply into the work. As a rule, those who come into the Church without passing through trial are of no use and are often a hindrance rather than a help.

In "Korea in Transition," Dr. Gale

the Capitol, one went to America and the Bible study classes which are held took a post-graduate course at Har- each year at different centers all over vard, one is a consistent Christian in Korea. These are similar to the North government service, one is director of field and Keswick conferences only religious work in Seoul Y. M. C. A., that the whole of the two weeks or one is general secretary of a native month is devoted exclusively to the branch of the Y. M. C. A., one is an close study of the Bible. Three ses- elder in a Presbyterian Church in sions are held each day and often over Seoul, and one has charge of the relig- one thousand are in attendance. Many ious work among the Korean students have walked one hundred miles or in Tokyo." more, carrying their supply of rice on Believers are not admitted into full their backs, and paying all their own fellowship until they have been tested expenses, in addition a small sum for and taught and their lives watched for the expenses of the conference. At a year after they have confest the large centers these classes are Christ. Then, if they are living con- taught by the missionaries and compe- sistent lives, attending the regular tent Korean pastors. Then the stu- church and Bible school services, and dents from this conference go to hold are seeking to win others to Christ, similar classes in the smaller towns.

at the end of the year they are bap- It is in these classes that Christians tized and admitted into the church. are trained and developed to become No wonder the Church grows, when evangelists, colporteurs and Bible every convert becomes a soul-winner, women. Here, too, was started the often making it his chief business. purely original Korean movement for From lip to lip and heart to heart the subscription of days of preaching goes the message, so that when a mis- when they volunteered to go from sionary goes to a village for the first house to house in the surrounding vil- time, he often finds there a group of lages and proclaim the Gospel. Last Christians who have been led to Christ year Over 100,000 Koreans met in through the efforts of some converted these classes to spend from two weeks brother. From the first the converts to a month to Bible study. At one have been made to feel that the spread such meeting in Peng Yang a total of of the Gospel depends upon them sixty years of evangelistic work was rather than upon the missionary. They pledged in days and weeks by those have a high conception of the duties present!

and responsibilities of church-member- What Dr. Samuel Moffett and the ship, and they realize that such a mem- other missionaries feel to be the bership is a benefit to themselves and greatest need of now is money to build not a favor to the missionary. Bible training schools, which can be The Korean Churches are almost open all the year for students who entirely self-supporting, and the evan- wish to train as evangelists, teachers gelistic work is carried on by the and Bible women. Dr. Moffett the Koreans themselves, but there is an pioneer missionary in Peng Yang insatiable desire for Bible study. All said : "We need $20,000 now for this the missionaries unite in saying that great work." Think of what six or the corner-stone of the work lies in eight such Bible schools would mean

K OREAN WOMEN WHO WALKED OVER ONE llUNDRED MILES TO ATTEND A WEEK 0" BIBLE STUDY to the future of Korea. It is a golden Moffett wrote: "Our program for opportunity for investment; shall we let it pass? The present condition women's classes in P engYang runs will not be permanent. As Dr. Gale says, "Men and money are needed from February 10th to June 15th. . It .NOW.'I will be a busy time and a very ha~py Two years ago there were over one, for there is great joy in teaching 2 ,500 men and over 2,400 women enrolled in the Bible training classes in people who are hungry to know the Syen Chun alone. Young women trained as Bible ., teachers are greatly Word of God. Do tell some earnest needed in all p(j.rts of Korea to conduct Bible study classes and to do young women in America what a wide evangelistic work in the villages. The people are hungry for the Gospel and field is open for Bible work among the the missionary is a welcome messenger.- -· ·· women of Korea. We ' need eight As we were leaving Korea, Mrs. such workers in the stations here.'1 To remain in Korea and to help in this work would be the greatest joy and privilege of my life. .

Mrs. Miller, the superintendent of the Girls' Academy in Seoul, also wrote: "The Men's study classes..be- gin next week (February 1st), and

are to be followed by the big class of have a hundred more invitations than women and that is to be followed by we can accept. I could keep six misa special workers' class to train some sionaries busy all the time in this dispicked women in a certain course of trict and then have work for more. study. These women will go imme- Korea can be won for Christ in this diately into the country churches to generation. If the church will give give these lessons to the women there. what we need and will strongly rein- The ladies in Peng Yang want me to force the work in the next ten years, come there to help in their classes for this old heathen nation will line up a little while, and the Chai Ryung mis- with the other Christian nations of sionaries want me to help there in the world. It must be done quickly. March. If only I could be in three Our opportunity is rapidly passing places at once " away."

"We are prest on every side by Now is the time to invest money young men and women who want us and life in Korea so as to receive one to teach them about Christ," writes hundredfold return. Lay up treasure E. M. Cable, another missionary. "We in Heaven. "Do IT NOW."

A MARKET DAY IN PENG YANG

A TRAVELER-'S SUNDAy AT PENG YANG, KOREA >I<

BY E. G. KEMP Sunday is a busy day for missionary the little children covered their eyes workers at Peng Yang, as the rapid with their hands during prayer. From growth of the work and the need for below stairs came the lusty tones of consolidation by constant instruction, children singing "Hold the Fort,"

taxes the resources even of the large there we found a Sunday-school in staff of foreign and native helpers. progress, the classes sitting in circles In many cases, even before the build- on the floor, each with a girl teacher ing of a church is completed, the con- in the center. The children have been gregation has outgrown it, and from less cared for than the adults hitherto, one church alone (the central one at but they look most attractive and win- Peng Yang) no less than thirty-nine ning, and greater efforts are now be- others have "swarmed" merely for ing made to provide for their instruc- lack of space-not from any discord. tion.

Thirty-five of these churches are in the We next visited the Central Church, district around the town, four others where the men had just finished their are in the town itself; the youngest morning session of Bible instruction of them already has a membership of (9- IO :30) , and the women were 561. This is the result of sixteen rapidly gathering. Nowhere could years of work, for the missionaries there be found a more attractive sight settled there in r894, and the first con- than the hundreds of white clad vert was baptized that year. women, carrying their books wrapt in We started out about ten o'clock to a cloth tied round their waists in make a round of some of the places of front, or their children tied on behind, worship. The first visited was a the little ones drest in every color of women's institute, where we found a the rainbow. The service is much like large upper room filled with about Sunday-school at home. After the soo women and nearly as many babies opening hymn and prayers, the women and little children. At the door of the are divided into classes, and the older Korean churches and schools the first children, like a gay group of butter- thing noticed is the shoe-stand, where flies, are gathered at the back of the each comer deposits shoes before en- church to be taught separately. Some tering. The floors are covered with of the girls had hats which take up matting, and everyone sits cross- space, as they are much larger than legged: the babies are noisy, but their umbrellas, and are carried by both crying is not nearly so sharp as that hands, extending over the head in of Europeans, tho sufficiently disturb- front and to the knees behind. These ing to any ordinary speaker. At the are peculiar to this district and are harmonium a sweet-faced Korean girl used not so l11uch for protection from sat, whose playing was very superior the sun or rain as from the vulgar to the singing. What it lacked in gaze of man. These hats have to be harmony, however, was atoned for by left outside the church with the shoes.

its earnestness, and in all the services Some of the young women of the the reverent attention of the whole wealthier classes look quite charming audience was most ;mpressive; even in their nun-like coifs, and drest from … Condensed from a chapter in "The Face of Manchuria, Korea and Russian Turkestan," Duffield & Company, New York.

head to foot in dazzling white silk, The venerable pastor, Kil Moksa, with smart little sleeveless coats lined is a Korean of solid character, who with white fur; the fur also forms has done much to lessen the evils ina border all round the coat and out- cident to the coming of the Japanese. lines the armholes. Seeing the utter hopelessness of resist- ance, he persuaded the people neither Womankind in Korea suffers from to flee nor to resist, so that the blooda strange lack-the absence of names. shed which took place in the south of A woman may possess a pet name, the country was avoided in the north. otherwise she has none; frequently she His influence is not only powerful does not even know her husband's but wide-spread, and it is sad to see name. If she becomes a Christian and the curtailing of his work owing to receives baptism she acquires a name, increasing blindness. He was origiand this must give her quite a new nally an ardent Confucian, and not sense of dignity. The Korean woman content with a passive faith he prachas not been considered of much value tised rigorous austerities in order to in the past, but she is awakening obtain peace of mind. In describing (under Christian influences) to a this time, Kil Moksa said: sense of responsibility, and she takes her share in the work of evangeliza- "I was trying to put away every tion among her people. There had thought of worldly advancement and been a fortnight's Bible study for every filthy or unclean impulse, for women just before our arrival at I knew right and wrong then just as Peng Yang, attended by over 500, well as I do now. I endeavored to many of whom had come long dis- keep my mind pure by concentrating tances on foot. Some had traveled upon the idea of a full moon in my no less than seventy miles on foot, stomach. Thus I endeavored to shut carrying their supply of food with out the world and secure a view of them. They were lodged by the Chris- spiritual truth. I wanted a vision of tians in the city without charge, and some spiritual being, but all the time, after earnest study they set out on in spite of my efforts, my mind was their long homeward journey. There filled with thoughts I would fain have is also a special Bible school for a dismissed I could not get the victory. fortnight for those women who wish At the end of my stay on the mountain to become teachers or Bible women, side, when I went to the homes of my many of whom are supported by the friends, I was filled with disgust benative church. The Women's Mis- cause their conversations was all about sionary Society of the Central Church worldly advancement or interspersed has supported two missionaries for with filthy stories." some years. When Kil Moksa became a Chris- The morning school in the central tian he was equally filled with this paschurch numbered five or six hundred, sionate desire for righteousness, not so that when both men and women for himself only, but for his people. come in the afternoon to a united When his people seemed to be growservice of worship the church is full ing careless, he started a daily prayer- meeting at four o'clock in the mornto overflowing: it holds 1,500 to ing, and this was soon attended by 1,700.

A TRAVELER'S SUNDAY AT PENG YANG, KOREA

six or seven hundred people, with the Yang; it was a notoriously bad city. result that a great revival took place, The students at present number 126, and his people promised to spend over and the missions represented are the 3,000 days in trying to win others to American Presbyterian (North and a knowledge of Christ. South), the Australian Presbyterian, and the Canadian Presbyterian. The We next visited the Union Theo- college is a modest and unpretentious logical Seminary, vacated by the stu- building in native style, and it is dents on Sunday and used as a church. proposed to build dormitories round Here we found numbers of men all the compound as soon as the ground seated on the floor with the teacher in has been leveled. the center. The bulk of the teaching and preaching in Korea is done by The Presbyterian missions have natives, and every church has a native adopted a policy to encourage the pastor. The foreign missionary acts Koreans to rely upon their own efforts as superintendent of groups of for support, to build their own churches (sometimes as many as fifty churches in native style, and to underor sixty) extending over a large area take the work of evangelization at of the province. The college students their own expense. The offerings of were all busy on Sunday either preach- the Korean Church (that is, of all ing or itinerating in town and country, the missions) is said to be already and in order to facilitate this arrange- £25,000 ($125,000) per annum, and ment they have no classes on Saturday the number of converts is over 200,- afternoon or Monday morning. They 000; not a bad result to show for only remain at college only three months in twenty-five years of missionary work. the year, and spend the remaining nine in practical work. Their course extends The American Methodist Episcopal over five years, and by this arrange- Mission does not expect as much from ment the four missions which it repre- the native church as do the Presbysents are able to supply the requisite terians, and they keep the pastorate number of teachers from their or- and general control to a greater extent dinary staff of workers; these teachers in their own hands. They have larger can be spared from their work for funds at their disposal, and do not rethree months in the year, tho it is only quire the village communities to build in cases of special qualification that their own churches, whereas the the same man is sent three years in Presbyterians only help them with a succession. The head of the college loan, which is repaid in two years. is, of course, a permanent official, and Even the primary schools are entirely lives at Peng Yang. This is Dr. supported by the Koreans. The Moffett, who was stoned out of Peng Methodist Episcopal Mission has ini- Yang when he first came; he fre- tiated work among the blind, and it quently used to hear the remark as has a promising school of blind girls, he passed along the streets on those who are already preparing text-books early days, "Look at this black rascal! in Braille with a view to the opening Why did he come here? Let us kill of other schools for the blind. The him." Nowhere was the opposition to Presbyterians have also started a class Christianity fiercer than at Peng for blind boys, but it is more difficult to know what to teach them as a

means of livelihood than it is in the two schoolgirls may be mentioned as case of girls. They have begun to having learned by heart the whole of prepare a New Testament in Braille the New Testament, with the exceptype, but it will require a great deal tion of St. Matthew's Gospel, in the of revision; the British and Foreign course of a year. Yet less than thirty Bible Society has promised to print it years ago it was prohibited to sell as soon as it is ready, at cost price. the Bible in the "Hermit Kingdom," The lot of the blind in Korea is a sad as Korea has justly been called, and one; their sole means of earning a liv- it was only possible to do so by having is by practising sorcery. ing the Gospels done up in bundles, unbound, and distributed through In conclusion, I must add a word as the country by the natives. To them to the character of the native Chris- is mainly due the introduction of tians in Peng Yang, and equally ap- Christianity into Korea. plicable to all of the Korean Church. It is not only remarkable to see the Another striking feature of the number of Christians, but still more so Korean church is the importance they to see their character. One of the ablest attach to prayer, and their implicit speakers at the Edinburgh Con- belief in its efficacy. Where else in ference was the Hon. T. H. Yun, of the world is to be found a weekly Songdo, formerly Minister of Educa- prayer-meeting which habitually numtion, and leader of the native Church; bers thirteen or fourteen hundred? a man of culture and refinement, of Yet such is the case at the Central whom any country might well be Church at Peng Yang. The early proud. He spoke of the danger due morning prayer-meeting can not find to the extraordinarily rapid growth of a parallel, I think, in any of our home the Church, yet nevertheless urged the churches. desirability of trusting it with enlarged responsibilities. As far as my No less important is the characexperience goes this has been done in teristic of generosity both in the mat- ter of money and labor. In some Korea to a greater extent than any- churches they are hardly willing to where else in the many mission fields admit anyone as a member who has that I have visited. The Christians not already won at least one convert have shown such a keen desire for in- to Christianity. A form of contribustruction, together with such an apti- tion was started by which people tude for learning, that they are much promise to give a day's work during more capable of self-government, and a certain specified time. Last year of forming a national church, than there were over 67,000 days (or about would be conceived possible by those 200 years) promised throughout the who have not seen this wonderful country. It is hardly necessary to give people. They have devoted them- further details as to the generosity of selves with extraordinary ardor to the Koreans with regard to money the study of the Bible. The member- but I must point out that the majority ship of a great Bible class at Syen of the Korean Christians are ex- Chun is over thirteen hundred, and tremely poor, and great self-sacrifice the Bible is the most read book in is involved in the amount of work Korea to-day. The people memorize which they support, as well as by it apparently as well as do the Chinese; what they do personally.

HE LUCKNOW CONFERENCE ON MISSIONS TO

BY REV. STEPHEN VAN RENSSELAER TROWBRIDGE Missionary of the American Board at Aintab, Turkey.

Lucknow, the place of meeting for missionaries themselves for a large the second general conference on the number of books on the Koran and evangelization of the Mohammedan Islam were ordered from the Chris- world, is so centrally located that mis- tian Literature Society of Madras.

sions in all parts of the Indian Empire The program was strong and com- were well represented and other prehensive and Dr. S. M. Zwemer, the delegates from China, Persia, Arabia, chairman, carried it through in a tact- the Sudan, Egypt and Turkey ful and masterly way. At the close traveled thither by caravan, wagon, of almost every address he gave time train and steamship. Dr. Cornelius for prayer, thanksgiving, intercession, Patton had come from Boston by way confession, and the silent prayer which of Turkey, and Chancellor Mac- carried up to the throne of God the Cracken journeyed from New York deepest impulses and the most intense by way of the Philippines. It was petitions. The conference was thus regretted that no delegates were able profoundly marked by the spirit of to come from Java, Sumatra, Russia prayer.

or Central Africa. The main divisions of the program The presence of Archdeacon Ihsan were Pan-Islam, Political Changes in UlIah, Canon Ali Bakhsh, Rev. the Moslem World, Government At- Ahmed Shah and several other dis- titudes toward Missions, Islam among tinguished converts from Islam was Pagan Races, the Training of Mis- an inspiration, and their share in the sionaries, Literature for Workers and discussions of the conference threw Moslem Readers, Doctrinal and So- light on many difficult questions. cial Reforms, Reform Movements These men united in urging the mis- among Moslem Women, Mission work sionaries to rely upon methods of among the Women, and Practical kindness and good-will in seeking to Conclusions. A full report is to be win Moslems rather than to depend issued in two volumes.

upon learning and controversy. Two Dr. Zwemer's opening address, "A of these converts supported the posi- Survey of the Moslem W orId," was tion from their own experiences. remarkable for its force and for its One valuable part of the conference wide vision. This address closed with was an exhibit of books, leaflets, an appeal to Gpd to accomplish the newspapers, photographs and Moham- task which "with all there is of en- medan emblems gathered from all couragement to our faith, remains, big over Asia, Africa and the East Indies and baffling."

by Rev. William Goldsack. The pub- The extent and vitality of the Pan- lications included many books in Urdu Islamic movement were emphasized from the Punjab which are used in by papers representing Turkey, Africa the propagation of Islam. Another and Malaysia. Professor Crawford's manuscript shown was in Arabic, and graphic account of the recent political is circulated in China. One definite changes in the Ottoman Empire was result of the conference will thus be of special interest because it brought an increase of intelligence among the to view the underlying causes leading

to the revolution of 1908, and because people and are often controlled from it appealed for a sympathetic approach a 6"reat distance, but religious reform on the part of all Christian workers. movements spring from the hearts and Rev. James Adrian, of the Celebes, millds of the people, and represent gave a detailed account of how Mos- much more truly that with which the lems secure a foothold and gain pres- missionaries have to deal. The two tige among pagan races. papers, written by Canon Weitbrecht The two reports from China modi- and Dr. John Giffen, were of the fied the estimate made at the Cairo highest value. The discussions turned Conference regarding the extent of chiefly upon reform movements in Islam in China, and portrayed the India, and the question as to whether neglected condition and the spiritual Islam is losing its hold upon the destitution of the ten million Moslems students who profess that faith. Dr.

in that empire. Wherry, who at many points through- Miss Jennie von Mayer's account of out the conference gave the delegates th~ activities of the Orthodox Greek the benefit of his sound judgment, ex- Church Missions throughout the prest his conviction that missionaries Volga districts, Central Asia and should feel no anxiety about Moham- Siberia was of the highest value be- medan reforms because such move- cause written out of personal ex- ments are in reality away from Islam.

perience and covering a vast Moslem Work among Moslem women was area scarcely touched upon at the discust by Miss de Selincourt who Cairo Conference. laid stress upon what she so aptly Rev. C. G. Mylrea closed an able termed "the ministry of friendship."

paper upon the missionaries' course of Miss Holliday described the share study upon the field by advocating which Persian women have taken in a training school for teaching the the rapid changes of the past three Arabic languages and Koranic sub- years, and she narrated many in- jects, to be established at Cairo. This stances of gospel work in Tabriz.

plan was later incorporated in the Dr. Patrick's paper described with a final resolutions of the conference. fine sense of Turkish history the legal The papers on literature will be status of the Moslem woman, and valuable for future reference. It was gathered up the noteworthy achieve- difficult to grasp their full significance ments of Turkish women in arts and from hearing them rapidly read. letters. To many of the delegates the Much has been published in Urdu most stirring paper of the Conference and there is a growing literature in was Miss Lillian Tratter's appeal for Arabic; but many books are too thE' production of attractive literature sharply controversial. There are very for Mohammedan children. Written fe," publications in Turkish, Javanese, in Algiers on the last evening of Russian and Chinese. Ramadan, the whole paper breathed The subject of reform movements out the deepest emotion and sympathy.

should have occupied a whole day and A hush fell upon the conference room should have taken up the various as all hearts were touched by the countries one by one. Governments writer's exquisite style and still more are more or less imposed upon the by her depth of feeling.

ASPECTS OF THE MOHAMMEDAN

The same day the Rt. Rev. Bishop that a commission of two missionaries Lefroy, of Lahore, brought before the be sent across Africa to secure before conference a series of resolutions pre- the next conference the fullest inforpared with the utmost care and after mation regarding the activities and much prayer by a special Reference extent of Islam in that continent. Committee. Everyone was passed Cairo, with London as alternative, unanimously. This is the more re- was chosen as the place of meeting markable when one realizes that in 1916. throughout the conference widely differing convictions had been ex- Bishop Lefroy's address on Saturprest upon many vital issues. The day afternoon, following a paper preneed which was emphasized above all pared by Dr. Robert E. Speer, took others was the speeedy advance of into consideration both sides of Christianity throughout the Sudan and several essential questions, and consti- Central Africa, making a cordon of tuted a strong plea for appreciation of stations from Uganda to Nigeria in upright government officials, for fair order to stem the advancing tide of judgment in forming opinions of Islam among the pagan tribes. It Mohammed and his prophetship, for was declared to be the firm convic- the sympathetic "ministry of friendtion of the conference that the ac- ship" in dealing with Moslems, for the ceptance of Islam by the animistic possibilities of service for those mistribes is not an aid to their ultimate sionaries of no specialized preparation acceptance of Christianity, but exactly as well as for those of high training the reverse. The resolutions advocated and linguistic ability. He urged direct a close relationship with the Con- evangelistic work in such places as the tinuation Committee of the Edinburgh Indian markets, and he invited all to Conference, especially in the matter of unite in prevailing prayer that the work influencing governments to guarantee done may be of God and to the glory religious liberty and to maintain a true of His Son, our Savior, Jesus Christ. neutrality. A proposal was also made Encouragement and inspiration has come to all workers for Moslems.

PRESENT ASPECTS OF THE MOHAMMEDAN PROBLEM * BY REV. CHARLES R. WATSON Consider first the movements of given as to the significance of the Islam itself, and then look at the de- Revolution of 1908. There are those velopments in the Christian missionary who believe that a great debacle is inworld which bear a direct relation to evitable, and that Turkey is a doomed Islam. empire. Others are bold to believe that an empire that did not disinte~ Events in the Moslem World grate under an inefficient and tyran- nical and despotic regime, may well Events at Islam's political center, hope to hold together under a more on the Bosphorus, claim first con- liberal, humane and enlightened sideration. The new regime is ever regime. It is of the utmost interest the object of the most careful study and new verdicts are constantly being * From a report of the committee at the Foreign Missions Conference of North America.

from a religious point of view that men to Europe for study in non- the Sheik-ul-Islam has issued to the Moslem schools, because of the way in Moslems of Turkey, a statement en- which these schools loosen the hold of deavoring to prove to them from the the Mohammedan religion upon the writings of Mohammed and others, lives of these students.

that constitutional government is not Looking northward to Russia, Islam contrary to the teachings of the is either developing at an alarming Koran and that the equality of Mos- rate or else its actual power is becom- lems, Jews, and Christians, before the ing more manifest. A most able law, is good Mohammedanism. It is article by Mrs. Sophy Bobrovnikoff in said that the French Government has The Maslem Warld shows that there regarded this utterance as so signi- are from I7,000,000 to 20,000,000 ficant that it has ordered it translated Moslems in Russia, and that this body into all languages of the Moslem terri- of Moslems possesses a unity and a torities, subject to France, and pur- political influence and a missionary poses to give it wide distribution. zeal which are almost entirely un- Among the marked and continued checked by any Christian missionary results of the new regime in Turkey effort, and are rather advanced by are, on the one hand, allowance of certain governmental policies. Recently greater freedom of speech and action the Emir of Bokhara visited St.

to missionaries and to Turkish sub- Petersburg. The reception accorded jects, and, on the other, the effort him is reported to have been that due to rehabilitate Islam. The Moham- to a royal personage rather than that medans of Turkey are not only rous- due to a vassal. During the Emir's ing themselves to the importance of visit the corner-stone of the first modern education, but to the fact that mosque in St. Petersburg was laid in education is not simply to train the the presence of the highest Russian mind, but has for its object the dignitaries. The Emir occupied the development of character. In the place of honor and the highest prospectus of a Mohammedan college Mohammedan priest of St. Peters- contemplated in Constantinople, the burg, the aged Achun Bajasitow, made statement is repeatedly made that the the chief address, referring to the purpose of the college is to develop Czar as the protector of the followers and train character as well as to give of Mohammed.

an education. There is also a general In Persia, conditions have remained sense of the necessity of resisting in much the same during the past year some concerted way the Christian in- so far as Islamic tendencies are con- fluences that are pouring into the em- cerned, while political unrest and in- pire. There is an alarm at the in- security of government have gone fluence of Christian educational insti- from bad to worse, all but inviting tutions upon Mohammedan youth. In British and Russian intervention, pos- the Moslem papers in Turkey, there sibly even the partition of Persia!

appear frequent articles by leading In Arabia, the religious center of Mohammedans protesting against Islam, there have been reactionary sending their children to Christian tendencies and anti-Turkish move- schools or the sending of their young ments. These, however, are rather

limited to the Meccan sphere of in- voluntarily withdrew the publication fluence. Along the coast, especially for a while. It is too early to report along the Persian Gulf, the influence upon the Pan-Moslem Congress adof the new regime at Constantinople vertised to meet in Cairo, in February is felt. of this year. It is in charge of a com- mittee under the presidency of the In Egypt, the educational center of chancellor of the Azhar University. Islam, the Nationalist party has continued to fulminate against the British In Abyssinia, where a nominal occupation, and raises the cry "Egypt Christianity, characterized'by desperate for the Egyptians." The assassina- ignorance and formality, possesses tion of the Prime Minister, Butros little resisting power, Islam is reported Pasha, an Egyptian but a Christian as advancing with great rapidity. (Copt), and the subsequent endorse- Only one-third of the Maensa tribe ment of this dastardly deed by the and half of the Bogos people are said Moslem press shows that the real to stilI adhere to the ancient national meaning of this rallying cry is faith. "Egypt for the Moslems." In northern equatorial Africa, the It was a strange commentary upon steady opening up of the country by the true genius of Islam that the trade is robbing pagan tribes of the se- Mufti, the highest authority on curity of their isolation and bringing Moslem law in Egypt, refused to con- them under the captivating influences cur in the execution of the assassin, of Islam. So serious is this advance of first, because the murder was com- Islam, not merely from a religious mitted with a pistol and the Koran point of view but from a political provides no penalty for the improper point of view, that at the National use of such a weapon; secondly, be- Colonial Conference, held at Berlin, cause the party murdered was a Chris- October 6th to 8th, 1910, representatian and therefore no crime was com- tives of the Government joined with mitted worthy of death; and, thirdly, missionaries in pointing out the danbecause the Government and not the ger, and emphasizing the necessity for relatives of the murdered man brought checking this tide of Islamic influence. the charge, and therefore there had been no real complaint(!) Con- In China, Moslems seem to have siderable political excitement has pre- abandoned any aggressive propaganda vailed in Egypt during the past year. of their faith and seem quiescent, but The wholesome rebuke administered there are evidences of efforts being by Mr. Roosevelt to a spirit of put forth from without, to press upon nationalism which would approve of the Far East the claims of Islam. murder was not relished by the Nine provinces of China report recent Nationalists. During the summer, visits of Moslem foreigners, speaking Moslem fanaticism made a rather bold Arabic or Turkish, whose aims are criticism of Islam and the Prophet evidently mIssIonary, and some which appeared in a missionary paper, Chinese students in Tokio have edited the occasion for demanding the sup- a Chinese Moslem quarterly entitled, pression of the publication. To allay M aslems, Awake! public excitement the missionaries This hurried survey of Moslem events would be inexcusably incom-

plete if it did not refer to the great crisis of opportunity and peril which stretches of Moslem territory which exists in Equatorial Africa, and which have no means of voicing their needs Commission I regarded as of such and of recording their events. These paramount importance, and which are fields unoccupied by any missions, must be met within the next decade unvisited by Western travelers, shut if it is to be met at all, apparently is up to silence and despair. Such are not engaging the serious and adequate Afghanistan, the heart of Arabia, and attention of the missionary agencies great stretches of Africa. The WorId of Christendom, partly because these Missionary Conference at Edinburgh agencies feel burdened with other re- called attention to these terntories, and sponsibilities, and partly because they if we allow the events of other sections have, for the most part, no work in of the Moslem world to voice their the territories in which this critical appeal to the Christian Church, it situation exists. A remarkable jour- behooves us to permit the silences of ney accomplished by Dr. Karl Kumm these unknown lands to make an even from Nigeria to the White Nile, along more pathetic appeal to our hearts. the border lines of Moslem Africa Missionary Eventa Among MOllema and Pagan Africa brings fresh testi- The most important event of the mony as to the urgency for action.

past year in its bearing upon mis- The Report of Commission IV, on sions to Moslems, as indeed in its "The Missionary Message," dealt in a bearing upon all missions, is the most sympathetic and discriminating W orId Missionary Conference of way with the problem of Islam. Its Edinburgh. The reports of three weakness and limitations were pointed Commissions bore especially upon the out without compromise. Then the Moslem problem. Report set forth in a very masterly Commission I, on "Carrying the way the character of the impact which Gospel to all the non-Christian Christianity makes upon the Moslem.

WorId," portrayed with great clear- This was done on the basis of a great ness the opportunities, the needs and mass of testimony from both converts the perils of the Moslem situation. and missionaries, so that everywhere After having surveyed the entire the treatment possesses the note of world, this Commission undertook to reality, and will be an invaluable guide point out the moves which might to Christian workers for the presen- prove most strategic for the realiza- tation of the Christian message to tion of the ideal of world evangeliza- Moslems.

tion, and recommended that, second Commission V dealt with the "Prep- and fourth in order of importance and aration of the Missionary." Here a urgency, among the "fields on which strong emphasis was laid upon the the Church as a whole should concen- necessity for a thorough study of the trate attention and effort," were the non-Christian religion with which the sections of Africa threatened by Islam, missionary must deal and for adequate and the Moslem world in which such provision being made, at all costs, remarkable changes have been taking to enable the missionary to master the place. language of his mission field. None It is a most pathetic fact that the more than those who deal with mis-

ASSIUT TRAINING

sions to Moslems will appreciate the Episcopal Board formally opened a importance of these two findings. It mission at Algiers with a superin- is worth noting that there are two tendent and a force of eighteen centers from which agitation is now workers, speaking seven languages.

going forth for the practical realiza- This is the first attempt which this tion of these ideals for the training of Church has ever made to work among missionaries to Moslems. The one is exclusively Mohammedan popula- from Potsdam, Germany, where two tions.

Turco-Bulgarian sheiks, recently con- Reports from missions along the verted to Christianity, form the Persian Gulf are full of encourage- nucleus of a training school for mis- ment. The new regime at Constan- sionaries to Moslems. The other cen- tinople has reacted in allowing un- ter is Cairo, Egypt, where it has been usual freedom to missions even in this proposed that a training school for distant section of the Turkish Empire.

missionaries be established. A more favorable attitude toward Leaving the Edinburgh Conference, Christianity is observable among the year 19IO may, in general, be Moslems of this region.

characterized as a year of unusual suc- In Egypt, there was held, this past cess in missionary work among Mos- summer, the Second Conference of lems. "We have never," writes the Converts from Islam. For three days secretary of one of the Boards con- and four nights some fifty converts ducting large operations in Moslem from Islam met for prayer, conference territory, "had so many Mohamme- and fellowship. An account of this dans in our schools as at the present conference by one who was present time and the tendency is to increase. and which is full of interest is given in There has never been a time when the January number of The Moslem Mohammedans have been so accessi- Warld, the new publication which ble, were so ready to talk about relig- promises to serve as a much-needed ious matters, or seemed so willing to and most effective agency for binding talk in a reasonable way as at the together in sympathy, thought and present time." service those who have the Moslem On April I, 19IO, the Methodist problem at heart.

THE ASSIUT TRAINING COLLEGE A STRATEGIC POINT IN THE CHRISTIAN CONQUEST OF NORTH AFRICA BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., EDITOR OF "THE MOSLEM WORLD"

A letter from a friend recently ex- that there were great institutions for prest surprize that there was so much the education and uplift of the people to be seen in Egypt in addition to carried on by the American missionthe ancient monuments. On a trip to aries I Those who desire to know Cairo and up the Nile this traveler something of the real present-day had learned a great deal about Egypt and of the Egypt-that-is-to-be the ancient civilization, Mohammedan must leave the regular routes of sightarchitecture, and the every-day life of seeing tourists and visit some of the the people, but was surprized to learn modern monuments which are in the

process of building; monuments of chapel, all of them desirous to become trammg, education and Christian preachers in Egypt and the Sudan, I character more durable than the felt that they were a chosen band inpyramids because they are being built deed and would make good. Many for eternity. of the students are very poor and are denying themselves greatly in order to On my way to Arabia it was my obtain an education. The college reprivilege to catch a glimpse of Assiut ceives no student unless he pays in Training College, which was charac- cash or in food $16 per year. This terized by John R. Matt in his book means a great deal in a land like "Strategic Points in World Conquest" Egypt. as one of the most strategic, most efficient and most fruitful institutions In the last annual report of the in the world. I can corroborate his American Mission we are told: "The characterization. Whether one con- full fees amount, at the lowest table, siders the location of this splendid to $40 per year; the balance the stucollege, its equipment and curriculum, dent must work out for himself the character of the work done, or the through the college bureau of selfever-widening circle of its graduates, help. At the beginning of this session the impression remains that here is a a boy about sixteen years old, who piece of missionary work of permanent had reached the third year preparapower and value. The present num- tory, a good student, and a pleasant, ber of students is six hundred and promising boy, found himself unable twenty; the staff of teachers numbers to pay the $16 per year. On investitwenty-seven, and out of two hundred gation it appeared that the boy is an and forty-five graduates from the col- orphan. His parents had left him four legiate department, over a hundred acres of land-their entire estate. have entered the Christian ministry. On his entering college, three years The splendid buildings are the result ago, he had sold his four acres, and of long patience in waiting, earnest with the proceeds he had been clothprayer, and tactful persistence in se- ing himself, providing his books, paycuring the needed funds. They were ing the college minimum, and working finished in 1909 at a loss of over in the dining-room so as to provide the balance. But his small fortune had $100,000. become exhausted, and he had noth- ing with which to pay the $16. A It was an inspiration to stand in the friend, a neighbor, was willing to commodious chapel on Sunday morn- provide his books and clothing. He ing, October 2d, and speak to the came asking, 'What shall I do? Give future leaders of Egypt on the "Cost me more work. I will do anything to of Spiritual Leadership," and the pos- earn my school expenses, and in sumsibility of leading Egypt away from mer work for my clothes and books. the past into a future of righteousness If you can not do anything for me I and liberty through Jesus Christ. I must go back to the fields as a day have never addrest an audience of col- laborer, and forever give up the hope lege men representing more of self- of further education.' The college denial and perseverance, and when I could not provide him more work, for spoke to the volunteers, fifty-one of whom were present after the morning

the applicants for help were far be- ment standards. The great prosperity yond the needs of the college for of Egypt in recent years, agriculstudent employment. But we could turally and financially, has given a not send him away-we gathered the new impetus to education, and the minimum by private arrangement." standard of requirement for govern- ment positions has been raised, yet the Men with such spirit equipped with curriculum in all the government a modern Christian education will be- schools is narrow and one-sided, procome the real leaders of the new ducing men who are fit only for clerk- Egypt, and it is because of the superior ship and government employment, moral and religious training which without higher ambitions for real Assiut College affords that the better- spiritual or intellectual leadership. class Copts, and even Moslems, all the It is this great need which is supplied way from Alexandria to Khartum, by Assiut Training College. The are sending their sons thither. Dur- Arabic courses given are thorough, ing one year (1908-09) eighty stu- and include both the so-called dents were led to Jesus Christ and THE NEW BUILDINGS OF THE ASSIUT TRAINING COLLEGE enrolled as church-members; the roll "primary" and "secondary" instrucof the college church now contains tion. A sheik educated at the Azhar, 330 names, .and the Young Men's together with a trained Arabic pro- Christian Association 124 members-a fessor, are in charge of this departstriking contrast to the comparative ment. History and science courses, figures in some American colleges as well as those in mathematics, are where the Church takes second place taught in English and Arabic, and the to the Christian Association. In the teaching in English is acknowledged Sabbath-school of the college, con- to be the best of any school in Egypt. sisting of the students and the women One has only to compare the atmosand girls from Presly Institute, a phere and the curriculum of the great sister institution, there is an average EI Azhar University in Cairo, which attendance of over 700 and the contri- receives so much free advertisement butions of the college church and from tourists, with those of this Sabbath-school in one year amounted modest institution far up the Nile, to to over $900 which was devoted to realize that Islam will not hold its own work in Egypt and the Sudan. even in Egypt. The future is with Christ and with His Church, and The curriculum of the college while the fanatic struggle between measures up to the highest govern-

rival parties of progress and stagna- to the Christianization of National tion is going on in Cairo whenever it is proposed to change the course of Life" at the Edinburgh Conference: study in the Moslem university, the American college is forging ahead on "There are in Egypt two systems of modern lines and winning its way in education apart from the schools the hearts of the people. maintained by Christian missionary bodies. The one is the professional The college is only at the beginning Islamic system, culminating in the colof its influence, because education in lege of El Azhar in Cairo. There are Egypt is still in its infancy. Only a number of elementary schools about twelve or fifteen per cent. of scattered over the country in which the population can read or write. Re- children are taught the Koran and elementary reading. The Government has recently begun to improve these THE LECTURE-ROOM IN THE SCIENTIFIC DEPARTMENT.. ASSIUT COLLEGE ligious education is the great need of schools. The other system is that Egypt as of every other Moslem under the control of the Government, land in close contact with Western and is relatively neutral in religion, civilization. The old faith is being altho the Koran is taught in govundermined and is disintegrating by ernment primary schools, and until rethe impact of modern thought, and too cently Christian scholars had to attend often modern infidelity. Lord Cromer this religious instruction. The system was right when he said that "reformed of grants-in-aid has been introduced, Islam is Islam no longer." The house and government assistance is given to is empty, swept and garnished, but a large number of schools under has no habitant. An education with- private management. There are in the out religion will prove a peril and not country six secondary schools, four a blessing to Egypt. In this connec- of which are under the Egyptian tion we quote from the report of the Government, while the other two are Commission on "Education in relation private schools, one being the Coptic school in Cairo, and the other the American Presbyterian College at Assiut. There are five colleges for

19II ] THE ASSruT TRAINING

professional training in law, medicine, a mosque for prayer. Midway beengineering, agriculture, and teaching. tween these two centers of intellectual These are all government institutions, culture-the one for the old and the and are situated in Cairo. Christian other for the new Islam-stands Assiut Training College, built upon instruction is given only in the Coptic the foundation of the Apostles and the Prophets, with Jesus Christ as the school in Cairo and the American Col- chief corner-stone; His character and lege at Assiut among the institutions life the ideal of education and His of higher learning, and in the primary Gospel the living message on the lips schools, amounting to about 200, con- of hundreds of its graduates. All nected with the various missions at work in the country."

According to this report, the Amer- A GROUP OF PROFESSORS AND TEACHERS AT THE ASSIUT TRAINING COLLEGE ican College at Assiut is the only who enter it-Protestants, Copts, Protestant institution of higher learn- Greek Orthodox, Moslems, and Jews ing in the whole Nile Valley where -come under the spell of Him who Christian instruction is given. Cairo, taught as never man taught. the intellectual capital of the Moslem world, still awaits the establishment of Like other growing institutions this a Christian university, and can only college greatly needs many things: boast its El Azhar. Khartum has its new dormitories, better dining-rooms, Gordon Memorial College, which residences for the permanent missionought to be a living testimony to the ary professors, endowment and an inlife of Gordon, who was above all else crease of the staff of teachers. None a Christian man, but is alas! Moham- of the travelers in Egypt should medan throughout, giving a four neglect the opportunity to see these years' course in the Koran and having greatest modern monuments on the Nile.

PEST OF SECTARIANISM *

BY J. R. ALEXANDER, D.D.

Egypt has always been noted for its to this day; but in their own estima- religions and its sects. In ancient tion they are the one only Apostolic times the country was greatly con- Orthodox Church in the world-the vulsed by the heretic King Amen- others are all "heretics."

hotep IV, about 1500 B.C., who re- Then came the hosts and generals jected the cult and gods of his fathers of the Khalifs, and Islam became the and became a follower of the sun-god. prevailing religion.

The King and his government and the During the passing centuries the heads of his new religion left Thebes Roman Catholics of Europe, of (modern Luxor) and founded a new France, Austria and Italy sent priests capital at Tell EI-Amarna, in Middle and bishops to try to guide the Egypt. It was in the ruins of this "heretic" Egyptians, both Copts and city that the famous tablets, written in Moslems, back to their former beliefs, the Babylonian language, several cen- and a certain number became Roman turies before Moses' day, were found Catholics.

a few years ago-the tablets which The Protestants, in some five or six gave certain critics of the Bible some denominations, have also entered the bad half-hours, since they proved that country, and lately by their schools ahigh degree of civilization and learn- and preaching, and wide distributions ing existed in Mesopotamia, Syria, of the Scriptures, are profoundly Palestine and Egypt in the age before moving both the Monophysite Copt that of Moses, and that, therefore, he and the Monotheistic but Christless or another of his time, so far as gen- Moslem.

eral knowledge and literary attain- Good men at the present day lament ments are concerned, could easily have the existence of these many divisions written the Pentateuch. among Christians and especially The Persian kings, in their cam- among evangelical Christians. But, paigns in Egypt, interfered with the unfortunately, altho a number of the Egyptian gods and their religion, larger and older denominations in dif- notably Cambyses. Then came the ferent parts of the world are uniting Greeks, and they, too, brought new and healing the ancient schisms, there gods and new beliefs. are, from time to time, new schisms In the Christian era another new being formed and men of every de- religion entered the land, claiming the nomination identify themselves with adhesion of all the people, and before them. For instance, in America, from the seventh century A.D. Egypt was all among our own people, men trained in Christian. In the fourth century, our own Church and our own colleges, however, arose Melitius, bishop of have become adherents of the Assiut, and a little later Arius, of Plymouthites, the Zionists or Millen- Alexandria, who founded sects which nial Dawn people, the Penie1 Band, the greatly troubled the peace and pros- Pentecostal people, the Holiness move- perity of the Church in Egypt, and ment, the Christian Scientists, the have greatly troubled the theological Dowie movement, the Adventists, etc.

world ever since. And then came the So, in Egypt, to our great grief, some great philosophical-theological contro- of our young Protestants, the sons versy as to the nature of Christ, and teachers of the college among whether he had one nature and one them, differing with one another, per- will or two natures and two wills, the haps, on certain phrases of doctrine, result of which was that the Christians or for other reasons, in imitation of of Egypt nearly all separated from the their ancestors, and like men in other rest of the Christian world, and ac- lands, have divided and divided again, cording to the language of those in their religious affiliations.

times, they have continued "heretics" The Plymouth Brethren in Egypt, * Condensed from The United Presbyterian.

PEST OF

whose peculiar beliefs were first posed from the ministry and from brought to Egypt by one of our own membership in the Protestant Church. missionaries in the late '60's, have di- A certain part of his pastorate sympavided into two sects. The head of the thizing with him, he attempted to larger body is one of our college grad- form them into a separate congregauates, a man of a good deal of force, tion and at once endeavored, by letintellectual and spiritual, a former ter and by personal visits, to induce pastor of one of our churches, and a people under discipline in other conman of whom we had hoped much. gregations, or those disaffected for The Plymouth Brethren in Egypt, any reason, to gather adherents and large and small, number perhaps four organize independent congregations. or five thousand, nearly all in upper But his intolerant character being well Egypt. known, his efforts failed. He remains almost alone, but still the head of his When the Holiness movement mis- movement! sionaries (Canadians) came to Egypt, several of our college men, with others, We lament these defections and associated themselves with them, and these divisions, but doubtless, while one who for years was the trusted human nature remains what it is, men head of one of our largest schools has will get the big head, or the contracted become the chief assistant of the move- conscience, or an excessive afflatus of ment. These people, instead of going spiritual ambition, and will separate into places in which our mission or from their brethren. our Protestant synod has no work, or into the ChristIess Sudan, invariably The college gave these men intelenter the towns and villages where our lectual and spiritual training, but it people or the Plymouthites are estab- couldn't regenerate them nor sanctify lished, and try to pervert them. They them. And they are, after all, very number several hundred. few of our entire people; and were all the disciples of the greatest Teacher The Seventh-day Adventists, on earth ever saw faithful to their their arrival in Egypt, found one of Teacher and His teachings? our former students, a pastor under suspension by his presbytery. He at But, while these may seem instances once embraced, at least ostensibly, of normal ecclesiastical perversity, the their beliefs and became their chief college has somewhat indirectly been helper, the Egyptian head of their connected with the formation of a movement. The Plymouthites, the heathen religion. In the year 1871-73 Holiness people and the Adventists al- it had on its staff a Syrian teacher, a ways seek for persons under discipline Christian and a graduate of Beirut in our mission churches, whom they College, a certain Abdallah Ibrahim make the nuclei for their work! The (or Ibrahim Girgis). His conduct Adventists have a very insignificant and success as teacher net being very following. satisfactory, he was dismissed. He re- turned to Syria and is now the Amer- Another of our students, a graduate ican head of the curious Oriental and one of our ablest pastors, intellec- heathen sect called the Behaieen, with tually, attempted to form a sect of his headquarters in Chicago. This sect own-of the Independent or Congre- had its rise in Persia. It spread to gational sort. He loved the world and Syria and became somewhat numerthe things of the world, and was fast becoming a land-owner and rich. He ous in certain localities. Some of its ruled his congregation with a rod of members came to America, among iron, but finally, through certain in- them Abdallah Ibrahim. He soon bediscretions in conduct and certain in- came influential among them and was stances of unusual tyranny, he was re- made their chief, with a great, highported to his presbytery and suspend- sounding title. He claims a following ed. Refusing to submit, he was de- of millions and assumes great state and ceremony in his official functions.

Neither Beirut nor Assiut taught him claimed and secured these rights. It the doctrines of Beha! therefore became necessary that each Christian religious denomination Another of our students has become, should have an official representative in a sense, the head of a denomination, or agent to act on its behalf with the but he bears quite a different style. In Government in all civil matters and the beginning days of Assiut he was affairs pertaining to its interests and one of its students. When he became to the interests of its members, in acprepared he went to Beirut College and cordance with these laws. The Copts, graduated there in 1874. For two Catholics and other Epis.copalian sects years after graduating he taught in designated their patriarchs or bishops Assiut College. He afterward studied as their agents. But the Protestant law, and has become a very prominent denominations (except the Anglican), lawyer, well known throughout the not having an individual as a spiritual country for his eloquence and success head who could also act as its civil as a pleader before all the native courts head, chose, in 1900, this former stuof Egypt. He is also a very popular dent and teacher of the college as their public speaker and lecturer. He is a civil head and legal agent. On State thorough Protestant and a leader in occasions and at State functions he apthe political movements in Egypt; in- pears with the haughty patriarchs and deed, he is the founder and head of prelates. They are drest in their ofone of the political parties, the "sanest" ficial pontifical robes, resplendent with of them all. orders and gold lace, but he is clothed in the ordinary Oriental gentleman's Islam being the State religion in dress suit. He serves without salary. Egypt, the native Christian denomina- Last February the Synod of the Nile tions existed for a number of years on had its photograph taken with its civil sufferance. But in 1855 a decree was agent seated between the moderator issued by the Sultan of Turkey, a and the clerk. An enlarged copy of province of which Egypt is, granting this photograph was suitably framed to each Christian denomination the and presented to the agent as a mark of the synod's respect and gratitude right to make its own laws for. mar- for many services rendered to it and riage, divorce, inheritance, etc. These its members. laws are officially recognized and, if necessary, enforced by the State. The Protestant denominations in Egypt MISSIONARY WORK IN LOGGING.CAMPS * BY REV. FRANK E. HIGGINS Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions.

Fifteen years ago, while I was pas- tin cups and plates and iron knives tor at Barnum, Minn., some friends in- and forks were given to them, and vited me one day to go with them to their food was brought in large baskets see the "drive," or men floating the and pails. They soon showed appelogs down the river. After a long, tites seldom found elsewhere than on hard day's journey, we came to a point the "drive." on Kettle River where a large flatboat, called the vVanagan, was fas- After the meal, very much to my tened to the shore, and upon which surprize, several of those men asked several men were busy preparing the me to preach to them. I said, "Why, evening meal. In a short time the men, I didn't come out here to preach; horn blew and the men came from I came to see the 'drive.''' "That may various parts of the river, and as they be," they said, "but we want you to seated themselves around a large fire, preach now that you are with us." As I looked at them, I would have * From The Record of Christian Work.

WORK IN LOGGING

said, "That's the last crew of men camp than the men dared me to ride a that would ever ask a preacher to log. I knew I could not do this, but hold a religious service." They did it would never do not to take a dare not ask for a lecture or talk, they said, like that. I knew, too, I could swim, "Preach," indicating by the term that and therefore had no occasion to be they wanted to hear something of the afraid of the water. I tried the log, story of Jesus Christ. but it turned, and so did the preacher.

I took a large log for my platform. The men said that I closed the hole The men gathered near, some on the behind me several times that day, and grass, others on logs and stumps. We when night overtook us I had occasion sang songs, such as "Nearer, my God, to stand around the fire and dry my- to Thee," "At the Cross," and "Jesus, self with the rest. The men are in Lover of my SouL" Then I repeated the river nearly all day, keeping the some Scripture, offered prayer and logs in the moving water. I have seen gave them a short gospel talk. I will them in the early spring when they had never forget that beautiful spring eve- to keep pushing to one side the huge ning on the bank of the Kettle River. cakes of ice as they came floating It seemed as tho all nature joined with down from the north, and yet it is us in that meeting. There was not a healthier for the men than later, when sound to break the stillness of the the weather is warmer. Every eve- night air, except my voice and the ning as we sat around our fire, we'

water as it rippled on by us. When sang songs and held a gospel meeting.

the meeting was over, many of the Each meeting was more interesting men took me by the hand and told me than the one before. The last time I how they had enjoyed it. They ex- was with them that spring, I made plained to me how they had been up them promise to come and see me in the woods all winter long, many when they came to town and invited of them year after year; how some them to come to church. They prom- of them had even remained there from ised, but I must say I was doubtful, the time the winter camps broke till for I did not think those men would the "drive" commenced, as they: had go to church. But one Sunday in July, no better place to go. And they said, just as I was about to commence my "If some one like you would come out morning service, there stood three of and visit us, we would appreciate it, those men at the door. There they and we feel sure it would do good." were just as they had come off the The next morning before I left I saw "drive" the day before, with their big men wade across the river to their corked shoes, overalls stagged off just armpits, and one man even swim, that below the knees, woolen shirt open at they might take me by the hand and the breast, and slouch hat carelessly make me promise to come again, which thrown on the back of the head. I at I did. So at different times that once went and took them by the spring I put a pack on my back and hand, and told them how glad I was went over the trail to where the crew to see them. The result was they came were working, for each week they again and brought others, and those were drifting farther down the Kettle, who had families let the children come toward the great Father of Waters. to the Sabbath-school, proving to me I have always felt that if a mission- that it paid many times over to visit ary is going to do the most effective that army of men in the forest, who, work, he must be, as much as possible, people said, could not be reached with one of his people. So I did not go on the gospel.

the river in the garb of a preacher, but The summer passed, and during the with my corked shoes, woolen shirt fall the men commenced going to their and slouch hat. No one would have winter camps. Many of them made taken me for a preacher as I tramped me promise to visit them again. I over the trail. I was no sooner in deemed it a great privilege to visit the

logging-camps. For a while I had what he wanted me to tell his family, been raised in the woods, and had seen he said, "Thank God, Mr. Higgins, considerable logging, but never on the you came to camp." I asked him large scale it is done in the West. It what he meant. He said, "After hearwas interesting to see those long log ing you preach that night when I buildings where the men sleep, a door crawled into my bunk, I pretended I at each end, a large stove in the mid- was fixing the blankets, but for the dle, in which several large cord-wood first time in twenty years, I was on sticks can be put at once; on both my knees asking God to make a better sides, the long tier of rude bunks, two man of me." He continued: "I am not afraid to die, but I want before I or three high, with a little hay and go to turn your attention to those poor blankets. In another long log build- fellows in the camps. Go back to ing, with board tables covered with oil- them, preach to them as you did that cloth, running the full length of the night, tell them of Jesus Christ and building, and in the corner two large His love. You think perhaps that they ranges, the cook and his helpers pre- are hard to reach, but they have great pare the food. The big barns where hearts, and as soon as they learn to the horses are kept, the blacksmith know you, they will trust you." As he shop, the filer's shop, give it the ap- talked I could see him grow weaker, pearance of a rude viIIage, right in the and soon I drew the sheet over his heart of the forest. The splendid ice face, for he was gone. I stept out to roads leading to the landing, the won- the corridor to call his brother over derful way in which the men conjured the 'phone. While waiting for him to the forest, were all most interesting. come, if ever it was made plain to a As soon as I came into one of these camps, the men would ask me to person what his life's work should be, preach for them. it was made plain to me that night. I never had any doubt concerning my Shortly after this, I was warned by call to the ministry, and as clear as some of the brethren of the Duluth that ca1l was, while yet a mere boy, Presbytery (of which I was a mem- it was no more clear than the call that ber, and under which I was studying day to go back to the forest. Up to for ordination) that unless I paid less that time, like many other young men, attention to lumberjacks and more to I had been building my air castles. my missionary field, my ordination Some day I was going to be a pastor of might be many years off. But already a fine church and enjoy all the luxuries such impressions were made on my that I dreamed went with big churches. life that this was not going to affect But that day all those air castles vanmy plans. One day that spring a team ished and I could not help thinking of came to my door with some of the those last words: "Go back to the men, saying they wanted me to go with camp." Then I thought of my life, them to a homesteader's shack, that how, as a boy, I had been raised in the one of their number was sick and they forest. After all, had not God in His had brought him in from camp, and that he was asking for me. We went marvelous way fitted me for just this to his home. There I found his wife field? and children in much need of sympathy and help. The doctor told us he Let us look at this field in Minnemust be taken to a hospital for an sota. We can start at Duluth and go west over two hundred miles, till we operation. We placed him in a sleigh, took him to the station, put him on a strike prairie land. Then we can start cot and I accompanied him to the hos- at Brainard and go over two hundred pital in Duluth. After a hurried ex- miles north through the great timberamination the doctor told me there belt, till we strike the Rainy River or was no hope for him. I broke the Canadian boundary. Here in the news to him, and after telling me northeastern part of our great State, it is estimated that there are more

WORK IN LOGGING CAMPS

than 20,000 men toiling in the forests. community was looked upon as a great Then over in northern Wisconsin and event. Upon one occasion when one northern Michigan, where they tell us of the largest saloons and gamblingthe timber is a1l cut, there were last halls in northern Minnesota was winter at least 20,000 more. Then we can go west to western Montana, opened, beautiful printed invitations Idaho, Washington, Oregon and Cali- were sent to many ladies of the town fornia, and we find anywhere from to attend in the afternoon, my wife 20,000 to 50,000 in each of these among them. I mention this to show States. I have traveled over a large the condition of public sentiment that part of this field, and, as far as I can would allow such things to take place, learn, the Church has entirely over- and when a few of us dared to declare looked it, and the sad part is that con- war on this wide-open policy, a cry ditions are growing worse for these went up tli"t we could ruin the tOWf! ; that it was supported by lumberjacks. poor men. and if they could not have gambling Twenty years ago the men logged by and drinking, that they would go to other towns. I then went to many of river; that is, they went up the river the camps with a petition for the men far away from civilization, but they to sign, asking the authorities to enwere far away also from the tempta- force the law. Over ninety per cent of tions of civilization. They were in the all I was able to reach gladly signed woods all winter, and many of them the petition. Many of the townspeoremained to come down on the "drive" ple said it was not the preacher's in the spring. They were down but a place to be stirring up such a fuss, and short time when they again returned to some even refused to any longer suptheir home in the forest. They were port the church. I then said I would then spoken of as the hardy, brave, resign my position as pastor and begood-hearted men of the forest. But come the pastor of the men in the of late years they log more by rail. woods; my church would be the log- When a certain tract of timber is to ging camps. How some of the people be cut, a railroad is run through the laughed! They said I would be lost, forest, long before even the ruad is I would no longer be heard of, I would finished. Small towns, consisting of be harder to find than a needle in a log buildings and tar-papered shacks, haystack. But I went to a different spring up, the majority of which are camp every day. Night after night saloons, gambling-hells, and other for months I raised my voice against places of sin. I knew one town in this wide-open policy. Gradually we the northern part of Minnesota in saw public opinion turning in our which, before there were 2,000 people, favor. The gambling-halls were there were forty-six saloons, twenty closed, the brothels driven out and, gambling-places and five large brothels. thank God, the Government of the Twelve miles north was another small United States of late has stept in and town where the stumps yet stood in closed all the saloons in many towns. the streets, no church, no schoolhouse, And best of all, public opinion is now but several saloons. A mile and a aroused. Better government is dehalf further another town with six manded by the people, and last winter saloons; five miles further another as I traveled from camp to camp I met town with fifteen saloons; and eight thousands of woodmen and all I spoke miles further still twenty-five more to rejoiced that the change has taken saloons. These towns were all on the place.

wide-open policy. Sunday was often Many people want to know how the their biggest day. Many times when work is carried on. We divide the one of these saloons was opened, the camp region into different circuits mayor, councilmen and county attor- over which we place a missionary. ney were invited to make speeches; in The circuit has twelve, fifteen, perfact, the opening of a saloon in the

haps twenty camps, and each camp preach I went down to speak to them may have from sixty to one hundred and laid my hand on the shoulder of and twenty men. The missionary the man who was turning the stone.

holds meetings almost every night. At once we were in each other's grip.

During the day, with a pack on his I grabbed for the under hold and back, he travels to another camp, al- soon had my man up against the door.

ways sure there are a number of the I heard a rush and then a voice be- boys glad to see him and do what they hind, calling out: "Stand back! They can to make him feel at home. In the must fight it out. I will brain the first evening when supper is over and the man that dares to interfere with this horses are taken care of, the meeting peavey-handle." By the door stood a begins in the long, low building where full barrel of water from which the the men sleep, known as the Bunk men took water to wash. My man Shanty. After some singing, the jerked sideways and head first he went Scripture is read and prayer offered, into the barrel. I sprang back, saying, then a gospel talk. Some ask, HIs HOh, I hope I have not hurt him,"

there ever any disturbance in the when the man with the peavey-handle meeting?" Very seldom, and if there said: "Hurt a Frenchman with is, it is by some one that does not un- water? Well, I guess not. Just go derstand our purpose. In the early ahead, Pilot, with your meeting; we'll days when I first commenced going to attend to him." They rolled him on the camps, there were those who mis~ the floor, threw him up in a blanket, understood me, some thought I was and made the greatest fun of the whole trying to proselytize, others that I was affair. When I exprest sorrow for after their money. The only concep- him, they laughed, saying, "He would tion many of the men had of a not be sorry for you." After the preacher was that he was after money, meeting they wanted to talk about it, and when I learned how they had been but I told them I was ashamed of the treated I was not surprized. But whole proceeding. I realized I had when I held meetings and did not take made a mistake. I had crossed the up any collection, many of the men French trail and some time I might be would ask what it meant, and when I going through the forest all alone with explained to them that I had given up no man with a peavey-handle to show my church to be their pastor, they fair play, and that night in my dreams could not understand it. In the spring, the trees of the forest seemed to be twenty of those camps gave me $513 filled with Frenchmen. The next and said: "Come again. Weare morning I was aroused from my slum- willing to do our little, when a man ber by a hand on my shoulder. I shows he is on the square." So only looked up and there was my French- once a year do we ask the men to man. I thought at once there was give an offering for the work; then more trouble for me, but to my sur- they can not feel we are after their prize he said he was sorry for what money. happened the night before. We took One night I was just commencing each other by the hand and for several my meeting when two Frenchmen be- winters, as long as we met, we were gan to grind their axes. The grind- warm friends.

ing stone is generally kept in one end But I was not surprized when later of the sleeping shanty. I told them I was told that a certain Frenchman I was about to begin my meeting and said he would "thrash that Pilot" the wished them to enjoy it with the rest first time he put in an appearance at of us. I knew by their answer they the camp where he was, and when I were bent on having trouble. After heard who it was I knew by reputa- singing a couple of hymns, I asked tion he could do it. Some months them not to grind during prayer, but later I came to the camp where this they kept on. Before commencing to man was. The proprietor had always

encouraged my work, but on account guage was something terrible. Some of this man who seemed bound to have of the men hung their heads with trouble, he told me I had better not try shame. Others said, "Don't pay any to hold meetings in his camp. At first attention to that man, Pilot, he is just I thought of moving on to avoid trou- crazy." I answered, "Never mind, ble, but on second thought, I said: boys, he is simply giving the preacher "This is the first camp on this line and a benefit." But when I left that word has gone all along what is going camp, many of the men said, "That to happen. If I pal?S by, the men will preacher is no coward." Wherever I say I am a coward, and if there is one heard the man spoken of, I said kind thing more than another that a lumber- words about him, for I knew every- jack despises, it is a coward." So, ex- thing I said would be carried back to plaining this to the proprietor, I said him. It is wonderful how God leads I would go and hold a meeting; it us. I was dreading going back to that would be better to take a thrashing camp on my next round. One Sun- than to be called a coward. I went to day evening, after holding three meet- the bunk-house to announce my pres- ings during the day, I drove into ence and ask the men what time we Teastrike, a small town, and put my would commence our meeting. Some dog-team in the barn. Everything was called out at eight o'clock. At that wide open and many of the men in hour I took my hymn-books and Bible from the surrounding camps had been and started for the camp. I had never drinking and gambling all day. I seen my man, but I knew him as I thought I would look at my dogs be- was giving out the hymn-books. No fore lying down for the night. On sooner had I given out the first hymn going to the barn I passed an ice- than he came up to the old board table house. Several cakes of ice were out and flung the hymn-book down before in front of it. It was between ten and me. I paid no attention to this. Then eleven o'clock and about twenty be- he picked it up and threw it down low zero. Lying among the cakes of again. He stood on the opposite side ice was the form of a man. Of course, of the table. We stared at each other. I thought he was frozen to death. I You could have heard a pin drop, as all rushed back to the saloon for help.

the men felt sure a row would start. The first man I met was the one I I called out, "Men, let us sing 'At the least expected, old Joe, the French- Cross,' and let us sing it as we have man. He had his lantern over his arm never done before." He turned and starting for camp, after a day of de- kicked over a bench; then went to bauchery. I asked him to come with the water barrel, took a cup of water, me, which he did; we pulled our man drank part of it and flung the cup and out of the ice pile and took him into the rest of the water across the camp. the saloon. I laid him on my fur coat Then he climbed into his top bunk and on the sawdust floor. He was still tried to talk to his bunk partner, the alive, and after some rubbing came partner doing his best to keep him to his senses. I told the saloon-keeper quiet. After we got through singing, I to take care of him, and not to hurry offered prayer, read the Scripture and him out to the woods, he had had a gave a short gospel talk. Then I close call and that I would stand all said: "I am feeling tired to-night, expenses. The saloon was filled with men. I have had a long tramp through men; many of them were already laid the forest to-day. Some of you please out, some on the floor, others in the gather up the books and bring them snake-room. In one corner of the to the office." I knew better than to room the roulette-wheel was being hang around after the meeting was played, over further the poker table, over. and near by the faro table. The coun- The next day I was on the works ter was lined with men; in fact, the with the men. The Frenchman's lan- place was a living hell. Old Joe had

seated himself on a corner of the bar. me he was working down on the log- There he sat, looking at the old man ging road leading to the landing. It while I was working over him, but was very cold, over twenty below not saying a word. zero. When I came to where the old man was working, I said, "Good- A few days later I was again in the morning." He just grunted. I then camp where I dreaded to go. You can said, "It is pretty cold." "No colder imagine my surprize to find old Joe than it ought to be." "You are workone of my best listeners. What could ing very hard." "No harder than I it mean? As soon as the service was ought to work. If other people would over he said: "Pilot, I want to see work and quit bumming the country, you. How is our man we pulled out it would be better for them." I was of the ice pile?" "Oh," I said, "he has about to leave and count my efforts a gone back to work." "Well, Pilot, you failure, when his little dog came out settled me that night." In my aston- of the brush. "Hello," I said, "you ishment, I said, "Why, Joe, what do have a nice little dog." He looked up you mean?" He said, "I mean this: for the first time and said, "Yes, and Last night coming home through the that is my only friend." I knew I forest, I said to myself, 'If that is what missionaries are doing, pulling old had at last struck a responsive chorddrunken lumberjacks out of ice piles, love for the animal. I at once called paying their bills and saving their my two St. Bernards, my team that lives, it is time that the lumberjacks I so dearly loved, and said, "What were helping the missionary, and I am do you think of these? How would going to help." And while we took you tr:tde? Howald is your dog? each other by the hand, over a hun- How long have you had him? What dred men clapped their hands, for breed is he ?"-anything to keep up a they knew we were friends. That conversation. "I know how you love night as I walked up to the old office, your dog. Why, money would hardly I looked up to the starry heavens and buy these of mine. We have traveled thanked God that He had shown me many a mile through these forests. a new way of conquering men. Some days they have taken me forty miles at a stretch and when we have One day I was in another camp. The men said: "See yonder top bunk, been overtaken by night we have lain with the gunny-sacks sewed together down by the fire, company for each for curtains? The old man that oc- other, waiting for daylight. Yes, I cupies that bunk keeps himself from know you love your little dog, but you all the rest of us. Go and speak to surely did not mean it when you said him and try and get him to take part he was your only friend. I have a in the meeting." I went over, pulled wife and a little girl." I noticed tears the curtains apart and offered him a in the old man's eyes. "What have hymn-book and asked him to take part I said?" I asked. "I did not mean to in the service. He let out a roar, and hurt your feelings." "It is all right, all the men had the laugh on me. I Mr. Higgins," he said. And as he said, "Never mind, boys, we will go turned his head away, he added, on with the meeting." Two weeks "Once I had a wife and children," and later I was back in that camp. Again it seemed to me I had never heard the men wanted me to try the old such a sad story. That morning we man; I did and received the same re- became close friends and ever after ception. I noticed he had a little dog he was one of the first to welcome me that slept with him, and the men told in the camp. me it was all the companion he seemed to have. The next day as I was in the Another branch of this work is furworks visiting the men, I met the fore- nishing the men with reading matter. man, who is caned Hthe push." I Some years we distribute over five asked about the old man and he told tons of magazines and religious papers, and how the men appreciate

WORK IN LOGGING

them! Those that can not read have matter or reading to them; at other others read to them; some look at the times carrying fruit or writing letters, pictures. Several of the men have it may be the last letter to some loved learned to read in camp. One young one. One morning when I came home man said to me after a meeting in from the woods my wife told me there which I was telling of my experience was an urgent call for me at the hosas a boy in the forest, "If you could pital. Upon going over, I found it was start so late in life, I can, too, and I my dear friend Nill McDonald, a fouram going to." I got him First Read- horse teamster. I tried at first to ers, and a young man in camp taught cheer him up, told him how thankful him to read. To-day, instead of squan- he should be for such good care as dering his money, he holds a good the Sisters were giving him and promposition and has money in the bank. ised to do all I could for him. He Other young men who a few years thanked me, but said: "It is no use, ago were in the ditch, despised by all Pilot. The jig is up. Tell me, do you who knew them, are to-day my help- think I can make the grade?" I well ers, lifting men to a higher and nobler knew what grade he was speaking life. about. I had seen him in the forest The one great obstacle to be over- drive the four horses and many times he had succeeded in landing his heavy come in this work is the right kind of load at the landing. At the foot of men to be used as missionaries. Even the grades an extra team of horses is theological students and ordained min- put on ahead. This is called "the isters are not always the ones that can team of leaders." I told him he would do this work. One day as I was seated in a camp, passing the time looking need help outside of himself. He said, over an old paper, I came across an "You mean I will need another team article telling about General Booth and of leaders ?" "Yes," I said, "and, his early days in the Army. On one thank God, my boy, you have the occasion while addressing a large au- greatest of all leaders-Jesus Christ." dience in London, telling of his plans for the future of the Army, how he r read the story of the Prodigal Son hoped to have it in every country and city and town and village, one of his and God's love for the lost world as hearers called out, "But, General, where will you get your workers?" we have it in the third chapter of John, In an instant he answered, "From and knelt down by his cot in prayer. among those who are converted." I When I arose from my knees there dropt the paper, and said: "It is an was not a dry eye in the ward. I told answer to my prayers. If God has him I would come again, but later when I came back I saw a screen raised up such wonderful men in the around the cot in the corner. I knew ranks of the Army He can raise up what it meant. I stept around on tipmen from among the lumberjacks." toes. There was the Sister with her And He has, for some of my best men beads and book standing by his side. to-day are men who have spent the greater part of their lives in tbe r saw his lips move and bent over and woods, and I have faith to believe God will continue to raise up men in the took him by the hand. He spoke his last words: "Tell the boys I have woods who will be a power for good. made the grade." In a few moments Another branch of our work is he was gone. I drew the sheet over his face and said to the men as they caring for the sick. The Catholic lay on their various cots, "Boys, we Church has its splendid hospitals in many of the small towns, as well as will all have to make that grade some in the cities. When I or any of my day." helpers are in the towns, we visit these hospitals, sometimes taking reading Weare touching only the border of this field. We need more funds and more men that the noble men of the forest who have been so long neg- lected may have the gospel.

MISSIONARY

INDIA couraging, they are important and of Failure of Hinduism the highest promise. . . . Noone The Literary Digest published not who has taken any trouble to study long since the confession of eminent the question, to see the work itself Hindus that their religion must be to judge the character of those wh~ reformed to avoid destruction. They have been really won to the Christian acknowledge that they have neglected religion, can fail to recognize how wonderful the results have been, both the deprest classes, and that they lack in regard to the numbers of true consympathy for the distress and misery verts, and also in regard to the elevathat so widely prevails in Hindu tion of their character.''' society. They admit that the last three censuses show steady declines in the Indian Mission. to India Hindu population in the Madras presi- "If India is to be evangelized it dency, while there has been a steady must be by Indians," is now accepted advance in the number of Christians. as an axiom. In addition to the One writer says: "It has reawakened various Indian Christian Associations, among us the spirit of sympathy for and the Travancore and Cochin Naall distress and misery no matter tive Church Missionary Society and where found or under what circum- the Zion Church (Madras) Missionary stances." Another says: "The work Association, which are all more or less of foreign missions is waking up the "home missions," that is, aiming at educated classes of India. It has evangelizing the people close at hand made them realize that they would be speaking the same vernacular, there losing ground if they neglected to are two indigenous Indian missionary raise the deprest classes." Still societies. The Indian Missionary Soanother writes: "I am not sorry that Hindus are leaving their traditional ciety of TinneveIly, founded in 1903, faith in consequence of the endeavors commenced work among the Telugus of the missionaries to raise these de- in the Nizam's dominions in I 904with prest classes." Another Hindu au- a single missionary. Now there are thority says: "We count all sorts of 7 missionaries from Tinnevelly, asbeliefs as pertaining to Hinduism. sisted by 17 Telugu agents, carrying Atheists and agnostics are Hindus." on pastoral, educational and evan- gelistic work. There are Christians in HoW' the Go.pel Transforms 28 villages, containing over 900 cat- Sir Andrew Fraser, after thirty- echumens and 242 baptized converts. seven years of public service in India, The National Missionary Society of has recently written: "It is the India, of which Rajah Sir Harnam fashion among some Anglo-Indians to Singh is president, was founded at depreciate the native Christians of Christmas, 1905. It has on its rolls India, and such critics point to the I I missionaries and I I helpers, workfact that there is no Indian bishop. ing in the United Provinces, the Pan- Sir Andrew Fraser tells us that he has jab, Bombay (two districts) and formed a high estimate of the charac- Madras. The income is over 700 ter of many native Christians. 'We rupees a month.

have no reason to be ashamed of our Hinduism Loses to Christianity Indian brethren in Christ. For my- Hon. Mr. T. V. Sheshagairi Aiyer self, I have Indian Christian friends says: "Comparing the figures of the for whom I have as high a regard as last three censuses, for the Madras for my friends in the West, and whose Presidency, I find that whereas in 1881 characters I have recognized as be- out of every 10,000 people there were coming more and more Christlike as 9,143 Hindus, 620 Mohammedans, they submit themselves to His teach- and 228 Christians; in the year 1&;1, ing and to the influence of His spirit. the census showed 8,983 Hindus, 630 . . To me the results of Chris- Mohammedans, and 244 Christians tian missions are not small or dis- for every 10,000; in IgoI the figures

I] GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

were 8,916 Hindus, 642 Mohamme- With his wife, Mr. Eddy sailed dans, and 269 Christians. These from Colombo for Hongkong March figures speak for themselves. I feel I to conduct a three months' evangeno doubt that when the figures of listic campaign in China. the next census are announced, it will be found that the Christian and Mo- The Gospel Among the Korwu hammedan population will have considerably increased, while the Hindu The missionaries of the Gassner population will have decreased pro- Missionary Society report that anportionate! y." other heathen tribe of India has yielded the first fruits to the preach- The Growth of a Decade ing of the Gospel. The tribe of the Korwas lives in the mountains and The Rev. A. E. Cook writes: "The the thick forests of Northwest J astenth session of the Raichur district pur, almost unapproachable, and unconference has just closed. In August touched by civilization. In the midst of 1900 the 1st quarterly conference of the jungle the Korwas subsist on of Raichur was held. From this small herbs and roots and wild beasts, beginning, within IO years, we see which they kill with bow and arrow. gathered in this same place this dis- They are of a nomadic disposition, trict conference of earnest Methodists, and, therefore, live in primitive huts representing a Christian community of of such lowness that they have to over 2,700 and reporting over 400 crawl into them, or in caves, or unbaptisms for the past year. Raised der protruding rocks. They are very for self-support Rs. 631. You should shy and timid, so that it has been alhear these men and women sing and most impossible to reach the tribe with pray and give their testimony. No the Gospel. One of the young men, waiting for one another. The work however, wandered away from the of the conference was carried forward tribe and became a servant of native rapidly in a regular and business-like Christians. He began to inquire into way. The papers read and discus- the truth and was converted. After sions which followed were of high due preparation, he has been baptized order and the prayer-meeting was in his native village of Kinkel (Birn), full of life. Sunday was the "big the other members of his family and day." Many Christians gathered in tribe showing little opposition to his from villages ten and twenty miles step. Thus the first fruit from the away. Beginning at 7 A.M., the ex- Korwas has been gathered. perience meeting rolled on for two hours, after which the district super- An Indian Mother intendent preached to a crowded house. The same place was again A splendid Indian Christian woman crowded .twice over in the evening." has passed to her rest by the death of Mrs. ] agannadham, widow of the George Sherwood Eddy's New Work late Rev. Pulipaka Jagannadham, an ordained missionary of the Dr. John R. Matt has secured the L.M.S. at Vizagapatam. Baptized cooperation of Mr. George Sherwood in her fifth year, Mrs. Jagannadham Eddy, of India, in the work of follow- received her early education under ing up the Edinburgh Conference. the London Mission. Her children, Mr. Eddy, of India, is to be secretary who are now an honor to the Indian for Asia, and will spend each year Christian community, owe everything seven months abroad and five months to the early home-training they had in America, conducting evangelistic received from her. Mrs. Jagannacampaigns for young men, developing dham took entire charge of the girls' the student volunteer idea, directing day school at Vizagapatam, and conconferences for the deepening of tinued to superintend it till 1896. Christian life, securing men for the Under her efficient teaching many an foreign field and participating in con- Indian Christian or Hindu lady reventions and missionary assemblies. ceived that training which has proved

useful to them as wives and mothers been discontinued. In 1904 there were of some of the leading men of the 318 missionary hospitals or dispentown. During the thirty years that saries in the empire. Mr. Jagannadham was pastor of the Telugu church in Vizagapatam, Mrs. In 1895 nine hundred cities in China ] agannadham also conducted weekly were closed to missionaries, and five prayer-meetings for the women of the whole provinces were without a mischurch, and Bible classes for the girls. sionary. To-day all provinces have Many of them through her teaching stations, and all cities are open to were led to give their hearts to Christ. Christian teachers. By her death at the age of seventysix the Telugu community has lost its Queue-cutting in China oldest member and the London mission the last link with Vizagapatam. The party of new ideas in China is making remarkable progress, and CHINA it has been urging the docking of the queue as the visible sign of the spread Chinese Mohammedans of new ideas. The reformers say that patriotism demands that every China- Nothwithstanding all that has been man should rid himself of all the written about the magnitude of the useless customs of the older time, and Chinese nation, it is with a sense of that there is no better evidence of genuine surprize that we read of a emancipation from hurtful conservadefinite body within that empire- tism than the absence of the queue. variously estimated as numbering be- The crusade was started not more tween three and seventy millions-still than three years ago, but it spread so "practically neglected" so far as di- rapidly that the cutting of the hair rect evangelical effort among them is was a short time ago advised from concerned. Even accepting the num- the throne itself and news dispatches ber as between five and ten millions, from China affirm that the new senate, it must be recognized that the problem or national assembly, has passed a presented by the Mohammedans of measure commanding the removal of China is an important one. all queues. A dispatch from Peking says that all the officers in the Imperial One of the most trustworthy mem- navy and in the army in the northern bers of a northern church was a Mo- provinces have fallen in line with the hammedan, who came of his own reform, that the members of the Waiaccord, and has never proved false. wu-pu, or Board of Foreign Affairs, Another church in the metropolitan now appear queueless. A foreign province has a deacon and several paper published in Hongkong estimembers who were formerly Moslems. mates that more than 40,000 Chinese In the west, the first ordained Chinese in that city and its vicinity cut off clergyman in the China Inland mis- their queues in the month of Decemsion came from a Mohammedan fam- ber alone. ily-having been brought in as a lad through the school. A church in one What Do the Chinese Believe of the coast provinces has eight or ten Islamic converts.-London Christian. China, within its enormous area, contains the largest amount of popu- Some Interesting History lation and of wealth united under one government in the world. What In 1807 Canton was the only place do these four hundred and fifty milin China where foreigners could re- lions of people believe? In a recent side; now all the country is open to address in New York City, Wu Tingmissionaries. Fang, Chinese Minister Plenipoten- tiary, said that as in this country there In 1807 Robert Morrison, the first was really but one faith, the religion Protestant missionary, reached Can- of Christ, so in China there was in ton. Eleven years later he published reality but one belief, that of Conthe entire Bible in Chinese. fucius. He made it clear that as In 1834 medical work began its beneficent career, which has never

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE 30

America is Christian, in the same were so cruelly persecuted: "A few sense China is Confucian. He ad- months ago a man came to our station mitted that three systems of religious to buy a New Testament. As he lived belief, Confucianism, Taoism and a long way off, he had never before Buddhism, were recognized by the seen a foreigner or heard a preacher Government of China in its constitu- of the Gospel; but a copy of St. tion and laws, but stated that the first Matthew's Gospel, which some one of these was the only one that held had bought from a colporteur two the esteem and affection of the peo- years before, had fallen into his hands. ple. Long ago the struggle for He read this through several times, supremacy among the three was set- and wished he could understand its tled, and long ago the nation declared meaning better; so he came to us at a for Confucianism. He discriminated time when I happened to be away. them by saying, that Confucianism He decided to wait for my return, and appropriates to itself the realm of the in the meantime he read the New living, while Taoism and Buddhism Testament nearly three times right take possession of the realm of the through. His heart and his lips overdead. flowed with what he found in it. When I again reached home, I called A Pocket Testament League him to me, and he spent a long time in our near neighborhood, that he During the autumn of r909 a Pocket might attend all our services. Before Testament League was formed in his departure he begged for baptism." China with the object of encouraging -Evangelisches Missions-Magazin. Chinese Christians to read the gospels and epistles systematically. Each JAPAN AND KOREA member of the league undertakes to carry a copy of the New Testament, What Japanese Christiana Can Be and Do and to read a portion of it every day. Vigorous efforts are now being made Every now and then reports come to organize the League in every home which indicate that at various Chinese Christian congregation. The points Japanese converts to Chrismovement has already become very tianity are not in all respects what popular, and we of the Bible Society, they should be. Therefore the statenaturally, are doing our utmost to ment of facts which follows is pecustrengthen and extend it. Special liarly gratifying. At Kyoto, a new pocket editions of the New Testament railroad town in Manchuria, Chrisin Wenli and in Mandarin have been tian influences dominate the whole prepared, and these are sold to mem- community to a remarkable extent. bers of the league, through mis- . . The contractor having charge sionaries and Chinese pastors, at of track-laying is a Japanese noted not nominal prices-rd. per copy in strong only for business efficiency, but also limp cloth binding, and 2d. per copy for uprightness. While the workmen in cloth boards. We may mention were still living in sheds and tents he that these rd. Chinese Testaments cost had them build a church, the first the Bible Society over 3d. apiece to permanent structure in the town. The produce. In addition, postage and men employed a young Japanese freight are paid on parcels of New minister as pastor, paying him wholly Testaments to any and every part of themselves. A temperance society has China, so that the books may be been organized, and newcomers if not brought within reach of the poorest ready to join the church are per- Chinese Christian.-Bible in the suaded at least to join the society. World. Not long since, when Bishop Harris was passing through Kyoto, the rail- The Adventure of a Booklet road officials arranged to hold the train at the station while he visited the A German missionary in China church and baptized a group of waitwrites from the province of Shansi, ing candidates. where ten years ago the Christians

Superstition in Japan jukon was a Roman Catholic; his crime had nothing to do with his Heathen superstition in Japan is not faith, but rather with his patriotism, only found in out-of-the-way places, and his deed was deplored by all Ko- but even in the capital city, Tokyo, rean Christians. At a festival of the Tuitengu Shrine, held upon the fifth day of each month, While Lawyer Kamada was think- charms made of paper are sold which ing on the evident faith of Anjukon, are superstitiously believed to protect a Christian paper (Fukuin Geppo), the possessor from all disaster by edited by Rev. Hervey Brokaw of water. This festival day in November the Presbyterian Mission, came into was what is known in Japan as dog's his hands, and he was so imprest by day of the dog's month of the dog's the coincidence and by what he read year, and as it only happens once in on "The Cross of Christ," that he every sixty-one years, it was believed wrote Pastor Kakayama of Kure, askby the superstitious people that the ing for more books. These were sent, paper purchased on that day would be and as a result the lawyer was conof especially great effectiveness. verted and was baptized last Novem- Thousands thronged the streets ber. around the shrine waiting for the opening of the gates at midnight, and ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS the people were willing to pay extravagant sums for what is usually Numerical Strength of Islam sold at a paltry price. So great was the throng that men and women were The Turkish journals of Constantitrampled under foot, and a number of nople have been making up statistics people were seriously injured. A as to the number of Mohammedans in similar incident is reported to have the world and arrive at the following occurred at a shrine in Yokohama, total: tho the results were not so serious. The Ottoman Empire, 27,000,000; Industrial Exhibition Utilized Bosnia and Herzegovina, 600,000; other Balkan States, 100,000; Russia, The industrial exhibitions in J ap- 24,000,000 out of a total population anese provincial cities draw together of 135,000,000; India, 60,000,000, tens of thousands of strangers, to of a total population of 250,000,000; whom the gospel is being preached as China, 40,000,000; independent Asiatic far as possible. In the Nagoya meet- States, 20,000,000; Java and neighings, more than 3,000 persons handed boring islands, 25,000,000; Philiping their names and addresses as de- pines, 500,000. They estimate that the sirous of further instruction. In strength of Islam in Africa is no less Osaka, meetings held simultaneously than 60,000,000 to 70,000,000. In in 42 chapels and churches were at- conclusion the journals put the total tended by 15,000 people, and 1,300 number of Mohammedans in the registered their names as inquirers. world at 270,000,000, and affirm that In Nagoya, Mr. Soper has been hold- this number is being rapidly auging gospel temperance meetings in a mented by conversions, as well as by violin factory where IO,ooo violins are the large birth-rate, which is a feature manufactured annually. of Moslem life.-The Christian.

A Japanese Lawyer Converted Are They Christian or Moslem?

Kamada, the lawyer who was ap- There are about 50,000 people in the pointed by the Japanese Government to country around Ezeroum, Trapezund, defend Anjukon, the Korean assassin Chaldea and NeoCesaria (Asia of Prince Ito, was so much imprest Minor) who, tho outwardly conformwith the behavior of the assassin and ing to Mohammedanism, have for the evident sincerity of the man, that generations remained secret Christhe lawyer was convinced of the exist- tians. They are called Stavriotes. ence of a superhuman being. An- They have gone to Mosques but used Christian prayers there, have had two names, one Christian and the other

19II ] GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

Moslem, and have administered se- in Turkish as soon as there is a de- cret baptism and used Christian mand for it.

marriage ceremonies. Their whole Children (both boys and girls) will story recalls the Jews of Spain in the be received at from six to eight years sixteenth century who accepted Cathol- of age. Older children may be ac- icism, became priests and even bishops cepted, but it is important for the at- while secretly continuing their mosaic tainment of the best results that pupils worship. With the announcement of begin the work within the age limits religious freedom these secret Chris- named. Miss Philadelphevs, the tians are throwing off the mask and teacher, has spent two years at Clark openly announcing themselves fol- School for the Deaf, Northampton, ·lowers of Christ. Massachusetts, in preparation for this Earthquake in Monastir • work. Both the home and school life of the children are under the most There was a violent earthquake on careful supervision.

February 20 at Monastir and else- Christian Comity in the Orient where throughout the Vilayet of Mo- A missionary has recently written nastir. Several mosques and houses home: "On my last tour in one town were demolished, and the population I was invited to preach in a Gregorian was obliged to camp out in spite of church-the first Protestant minister, intense cold. The authorities nave native or foreign, to do so. Only thirty years before the opposition to appealed to the Government for 300 the evangelical movement was so bittents and relief funds. ter among the Armenians of that town that the first Protestant to die was Four American missionaries are denied burial. The body was exhumed stationed at Monastir, under the aus- several times and finally had to be pices of the American Board of Com- carried six hours' distant for intermissioners for Foreign Missions. ment. Another Sunday I was invited to be one of the speakers in the cathe- William P. Clark, the missionary in dral of a neighboring town. I shall always feel a thrill as I think of those charge of the Monastir station, and five hundred and more Armenian men Mrs. Clark, are on leave in the United seated on the floor in the center of States, while Charles P. Erickson and that cold building, listening for about his wife are in temporary charge of two hours to their bishop, to an the mission. Mr. and Mrs. Erickson Armenian policeman in uniform, and are assisted by Miss Mary M. Haskell to an American missionary-a situaand Miss Mary L. Matthews. tion inconceivable under the old regime." Monastir is the capital of the Vilayet of Monastir, in Macedonia. It is an important military center and has a large trade in various commodities.

The population, which is estimated at 45,000, is a medley of all the na- tionalities to be found in Macedonia, English Mohammedans in Mecca the Christians numbering about half The Egyptian Gazette, in Cairo, the total. stated (December 15, 1910) that the School for the Deaf in Turkey event of this year's pilgrimage of Mohammedans to the tomb of the The Martha A. King Memorial Prophet in Mecca has been the arrival School for the Deaf has been started of some English converts to Islam.

as a department of the American Some of them came to Yeddah, the Woman's Board Work as Marsovan. port of Mecca, by steamer from Liver- The oral method is used, and it is the pool and carried a letter of recom- intention to teach each pupil the lan- mendation from the Sheik-ul-Islam in guage of his own home. The present Liverpool. Two others came to Mecca year the Greek department has been overland by railroad. The heads of opened, an Armenian department will the Mohammedan clergy counseled be opened in September, 19II, and one with the sheriff of Mecca, what atti-

tude should be taken toward these the way for the presentation of the unwonted guests. Since they acted in Gospel by word of mouth.

a most orthodox (Mohammedan) Methodist North Africa Mission manner and fulfilled all rites and ceremonies, it was resolved that they Rev. E. F. Freese writes: On my should be admitted without difficulties. last visit to Constantine a church was Thus, for the first time, Mohamme- organized with over 20 members and dans of English birth joined the probationers, French, Italian and Arab throng of the fanatical pilgrims around -three of the latter. They are an inthe tomb of the prophet. What a teresting and earnest company. One shame! of the French members is already tak- ing the prayer-meeting in his turn, According to published reports 16,- and dQing other work. Recently a 245 Mohammedan pilgrims had hall was obtained at Kroubs, a railreached Mecca on December 15th, way town ten miles away, and the among them 300 women and children. meetings there have been very encour- aging. It is to be a center for Arab Islam Organizing Into Congregations Islam has hitherto not known or- work as well. M. Compy, our French ganized congregations in the full sense· evangelist, is giving efficient service.

of the word. It is reported that the It was my privilege to baptize Mos- Sheik-ul-Islam intends to found Mo- tafa, who has been a "crier" in the hammedan congregations after the ex- mosque-our first Arab baptism. It ample of other religions. The con- was an impressive service, attended by gregations are to have the supervision all our members, and by the mother over the public schools, the mosques, and brothers of Mostafa, who were in- the hospitals, and other charitable in- tensely interested. The brothers are stitutions. real Christian lads, the mother an AFRICA earnest seeker. One Moslem acquaint- New Mission.boat for the Nile ance said to Mostafa: "Were it not for the French Government we would In place of the Ibis, used by the tie you to a stake, pile wood around American Mission for some forty you, saturate it with oil, and burn years, one to be known as the A lle- you."

gheny has been purchased for $5,000. WEST AFRICA It is about 74 feet long, almost 12 feet wide, and draws about four feet Methodist Liberian Mission of water. It is fitted with two com- The West African Conference met pound condensing-engines of twelve in Freetown for its thirty-first annual horse-power each. It has a deck 60 session, January 8th. The roll showed feet long, suitable for meetings, has 17 missionaries present, 13 pastors and dining-room, kitchen and bath-room, ordained ministers, and 24 school- and sleeping accommodations for six teachers and other workers. The very persons. The boat can easily be run hopeful feature of our conference is in the canals even in summer and on the high character and intelligence of the river during most of the year. It our African ministers. We always is proposed to secure a barge to tow think of this as a missionary con- with the boat to serve for the clinic ference, which indeed it is. But so and for the doctor's office. An impor- much is told in America of the heathen tant fact in connection with the work African with his pagan customs and of the new boat is the wide distribu- his low degree of intelligence, that we tion of Scripture which has been made are surprized to see the noble and in the Delta by the British and For- intellectual band of men who are eign Bible Society. Last year alone standing with the missionaries in their 28,000 copies of the Bible or portions efforts to preach Christ, and who are of the Bible were distributed. Wher- not only following earnestly the lead ever the Word has gone it will prepare of the missionaries, but are planning and extending the work at three dif- What Black Men Can Be and Do ferent places wholly by their own efforts. Self-support and evangelism The Baptist church at San Salvador, were the two dominant notes of the on the Portuguese Kongo, has 860 conference. Addresses on these sub- members. Of these ISO are teachers, jects were given by the African all unpaid but 25, who are supported brethren that will also be a great by the natives themselves. Some 25 stimulus to the Church in America to towns in the neighborhood have their pray for us and give us all the help own chapels, and an immense area is possible.-Advocate. covered by these native evangelists.

The Gifts of the Negro Embarrassment of Success The new church of the Basle So- The West Africa Mission of the ciety at Kwanyako (Gold Coast) is a Presbyterian Board at its recent meetstriking proof of the fitness of the ing, requested that the first Sabbath in negro for civilization and culture. The March should be observed as a day of chancel, altar and font are in mahog- special prayer for reenforcements. The any lathe-work, the benches of ant- appeal is truly Macedonian. The folproof Odum-wood, the floor solidly lowing are needed: One industrial cemented, the walls of rammed clay, man for the Frank James Industrial the roof of corrugated iron-all negro School; 3 physicians; I Spanish work, a triumph of negro industry teacher; 3 German teachers; 4 sinover heathen sloth, a performance of gle women, and 4 ministers. The negro civilization of far-reaching im- work, especially in the Kamerun portance in this uncivilized land. This region, is phenomenal. While the building, and many others on the Gold force of missionaries is about the same Coast, are not only signs of a growing as for the last five years, the increase Christian life, they bear favorable tes- along all lines has been very great. timony to the mental gifts of the At the present time there are 8,000 negro. This is not a race that is catechumens or those who have redoomed to intellectual stagnation.- nounced their fetishism, given up Der Evangelische Heidenbote. their evil olives and are seeking to lead a Christian life. They are babes in Noble Deed of an African Prince Christ and need instruction. There are 6,000 pupils in the schools, 5,000 It is reported from the Kameruns of these being in village schools that the African prince Njojo, of Ba- taught by native teachers. This numnum, has built a large school for 500 ber could be doubled at once if the scholars, and has turned it over to native teachers were available. The the Basel Society. The prince him- native teachers could be increased if self is a volunteer teacher, giving there were missionaries enough to in- Christian instruction to the children struct them. The station schools at with much enthusiasm. which the normal classes are held are crowded with pupils, taxing to the ut- A Belgian Kongo Mission most the strength of the small body of missionaries in charge. The two Protestant Churches of Belgium have united to found a mis- Kongo Free State sionary society for work on the Kongo. A large assembly of Protestants met in From two separate sources we learn the Church of the Musee in Brussels, that a better day has dawned upon the on November 28, to discuss the ques- Kongo. In the Belgian Parliament tion, "What are Protestant Mission- the colonial minister reported progress aries Doing in Belgian Kongo?" Rev. in two important respects. Trade is H. Ault, the director of the new mis- developing on the right lines, and the sion, and two pastors, addrest. the native has vastly improved his posimeeting, and much interest was tion. Slavery also is dead, because shown. labor is free. Sanitary science has

likewise considerably improved the Missionary Schools Appreciated in Kamerun conditions of living, thereby reducing the death-rate during the last year by A missionary of the German Bap- tists in Kamerun writes in Unsere 50 per cent. Happily, this optimistic H eidenmission concerning the crowdreport from the official headquarters ed missionary schools: "It is with us ~s confirmed by Mr. Clark, an Amer- now as it is with the missionaries in Ican Protestant missionary, in a dispatch to Washington, in which he India, China, and Japan. We no states that "there no longer exist any longer need seek for children to fill any traces of the cruel and unjust our schools, but we have to think of acts which occurred there under the means to do justice to the masses old regime." These facts, taken together, warrant the hope that the which crowd into them. A new era Kongo at last has found deliverance. has come for the schools in Duala. This will bring great joy to the brave In the beginning of last year our boys' school there had a total of 220 pupils; and persistent handful who in this and now the lowest class alone contains in other lands have shared the black 240 and the other classes contain 200 man's burden, and so fulfilled the law of Christ. Now then seems the "set more, so that the number has been time" for advance on the part of doubled within one year. The outheralds of the Cross, that the black ward reason for this increase is found perhaps in the development of the man may see in his white brother, not colony and in the changes wrought a tyrant and a taskmaster, but the mes- by that. Parents and friends of senger of life and peace.-Loudon the boys observe that those who Christian. have learned German are employed in the Government offices, the Reenforcements for the Kongo postal service, the railroad service, and The foreign mission committee of the offices of the merchants, and are the Presbyterian Church, South, sends well paid. Therefore, they send the out the cheering news that "nine boys to the schools, and the boys also young men and women have volun- often ask to be sent. The girls' teered to go as missionaries to our African Mission. Most of these have school in Bonamuti is likewise already been appointed by the Executive Committee. Hundreds of native crowded. In the beginning of 19IO Christians in Central Africa have been it contained 80 pupils, which now have praying daily with the missionaries increased to 160, so that the work of that the Lord would speedily send the two teachers was largely increased forth reenforcements to help them in their work. Rev. and Mrs. George and assistants had to be added." McKee will leave N ew York in a few In addition to the two schools men- tioned the German Baptists support 40 missionary schools with 1,600 pupils in the interior of Kamerun.

days for Luebo. Other missionaries Sleeping.sickness in Living.tonia will be ready to leave for Africa in Dr. Laws of Livingstonia writes that the fall of the year. In the meantime sleeping-sickness is fairly in the coun- it is hoped that many will consecrate try now, and that the glossina morsi- their gifts unto the Lord to provide tans must be counted a carrier. If so, the salary and traveling expenses of the whole Upper Shire may be these and other missionaries that are doomed. Game, tsetse and sleeping- waiting in order that there may be no sickness go together. The London delay in their departure for the fields Missionary Society and Mwenzo pu- that are white unto the harvest. Two pils were kept back last year from women have recently given diamond coming to Livingstonia until after rings valued at $550, and have re- careful examination of the blood.

quested that the proceeds be used in "To find a trypanosome in human preaching the Gospel to the people in blood makes one's heart sink, as it is the Kongo who are in the darkness. practically the sentence of death."

19II] GENERAL MISSIONARY

SOUTH AFRICA sion, "Walk according to these words, Dutch Reformed Church Prospering and it will be well with yourself and with your people." Thus he gave a The issue of De Kerleboche for valuable testimony to the truth. January 5th, gives some statistics of Khama was baptized as a youth by the Church. The figures in 1910 are the Missionary Schulenburg of the given as 224,179 members and 483,317 souls. For 1909, there were 219,523 Hermannsburg Missionary Society, members and 481,332 souls. In the but the L. M. S. labors among his Ring of Cape Town there has been a people. It therefore sent special con- gratulations to Khama and gave decrease, and a considerable one in thanks to God who had led him and the number of souls and of communi- preserved him so wonderfully in trial cants. The Theological Seminary in Stellenbosch is graduating 29 candi- and persecution. dates this year, and the total number At the time of his baptism the young of students in the institution is 86, a man had to suffer much from his envery high number evidently. raged father, who even attempted to kill him. He has been loyal to Christ Y. w. C. A. in South Africa throughout the years and has been a real friend of his people, by aiding the A branch of this society has just missionaries in every way. Some been formed in the French South years ago he prohibited the importa- African Mission, and the report tion of whisky, while at the present comes: "Since our women joined the time he has come to the aid of the mis- Y.W.C.A branch they have brought sionaries in their fight against the pera new spiritual life into our native nicious beer carousals of the natives. churches, and are a new element of power. It is the purpose of the Y.W. Training School in German Southwest CA. to do this. It is not what we do, Africa but how we do it; it is not what we The Rhenish Missionary Society say, but how we say it; it is not by finds itself face to face with peculiar running about to give testimony, but and difficult conditions in German by the testimony of life at home. To Southwest Africa. The former tribal quicken therefore our faith in the gift and communal unions are rapidly of the Holy Spirit, to teach our active vanishing and the natives, Christian members their absolute dependence on as well as heathen, are scattering in His guidance for successful service, small groups over a vast territory.

to wait for his enduement if 50 led, to Thus, the need for suitable native neglect not the gift that is in them, to evangelists and helpers is becoming keep step." more and more urgent and the so- King Khama'a Jubilee ciety has decided to open a missionary training school for native helpers in The well-known Christian King Gaub in the month of April. Every Khama, chief of the tribe of the applicant for admission must speak at Bamangwat05 in Bechuanaland, South least three languages, namely, Ger- Africa, celebrated a short time ago the man, Nama, and HereTO, yet at the fiftieth anniversary of his baptism in first notice of the intended school fif- his capital Serowe. An immense teen Christian young men applied. At crowd, estimated at IO,OOO, had the same time two monthly religious gathered, and Khama made a touching papers have been started, one called address in which he avowed his con- Omahungi (Narratives), in Herero, tinued loyalty to his Lord and also to the other, called Gau Sari Aob (the the King of England. Lifting up a Dock Visitor), in Nama. Both are New Testament which Queen Victoria doing excellent work in binding to- had presented to him when he visited gether and uplifting the scattered England years ago, he repeated the Christian natives in the large terri- words which she spoke on the occa- tory.

A New Station in Transvaal marching with slow and hopeless step over the platform and through the The Berlin Missionary Society ex- aisles, pilgrims of the night, silent pects to open a new station in the and sad." country of the Bawendas in the northern part of the Transvaal Colony, Christian Endeavor Abroad where about 250,000 heathen are to be reached. The present four stations President Francis E. Clark, in his are on the border of the country; but annual report for 1910, shows that the new station, Mandala, will be this movement is increasing in volopened in the interior and in a high ume and efficiency. America still attitude. The latter is of especial im- leads by a large margin in the numportance because the climate is very ber of societies, and during the past bad and the missionaries upon the old year there has been an increase in stations have been suffering much the rate of growth. More than from fever. The new station will :i,000 new societies have been serve as a kind of health resort for formed in this country during the them. last year, and not far from 500,000 members have joined the ranks. What Medical Missions Can Do There has been exceptionally large growth in the African M. E. The Berlin mission reports a strik- churches. Abroad there has been no ing decrease of sickness and death on backward steps except in France, its African fields. In five years there and possibly in Austria. In all the has been but one missionary death in Australian commonwealths, with its Nyasa mission. This favorable possibly one exception, there are change it ascribes to the great pro- strong Christian Endeavor Unions, gress of tropical medicine, especially and their annual conventions are in the prophylaxis against malaria: great in numbers and spiritual ener- "We never send anyone to Africa gy. The outlook in foreign mission now without a thorough course in territory is encouraging. India leads tropical hygiene, and this applies to all other countries abroad, having the wives of missionaries, to mission quite 1,400 bands of Endeavorers. artizans-in fact to all." In that country 20 native secretaries are soon to set to work. In China and AMERICA Japan the work is considered very encouraging. "Some of the brightest Semi.centennial of Women's Work and best of societies are found The beginning of a series of con- in the islands of the West Indies ventions to celebrate women's or- and the South Seas. Jamaica, Tringanized work for missions was idad, Cuba, in the West; and Haheralded some months upon the Pacific waii, Samoa, the Caroline, Marshall, Coast, and now has reached the East. Of one recently held in Pittsburg this Ellice and Fiii Islands are all noted is said: "One of the great features of the convention was the pageant of for the vigor of their Endeavor missions, presenting the progress of work, and many of them for the Western women in Eastern lands. self-sacrifice and devotion of their This was an exceedingly interesting Endeavorers." The next Internaand instructive spectacle. Carnegie tional Convention is to be held at Music Hall and the Soldiers' Me- Atlantic City in July of this year. morial Hall were both crowded to their utmost capacity on the evening After Fifty Years of Freedom of the pageant, the spectacle being exhibited in both halls. The scenes pre- In a recent Christian Endeavor sented brought some realities of mis- World, a professor in Atlanta Unisionary life very vividly before the versity gives these facts concerning eye. There was the long procession of women and children, garbed in the the ex-slaves, who number nearly costumes of the various Oriental lands, 10,000,000, among whom are found 7.10,000 farmers, 70,000 teamsters,

J I 9 I I GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

:;.~.'ooo railway hands, ~6,000 agreeing to be everlasting friends and mmers, :~:;,OOO sawmill employees, to forget their former differences_ 28,000 porters, 21,000 teachers, 21,- The peace was brought about 000 carpenters, 20,000 barbers, 20,- through the mediation of a commis- 000 nurses, IS,OOO clergymen, 14,- sion of Chinese Christian ministers, 000 masons, 24,000 dressmakers and students, merchants and other represeamstresses, 10,000 engineers and sentatives of strong organizations of firemen, ro,ooo blacksmiths, 2,.100 this people. The Chinese Consul, physicians, and, above all, 2,000,000 y. Y. Yang, and his secretaries also mistresses of independent homes, attended the meetings of the commisand :;,000,000 children in school. sion. Chu Chung Tan, commercial attache to the Chinese legation at They conduct every seventh farm in the land, and raise every sixteenth Washington, D. c., and Wu Chiang, dollar's worth of crops. They have secretary of the same legation, came accumulated at least $600,000,000 on to assist the commission when the worth of property in a half-century, work was nearly completed.-The starting with almost nothing. To- Chinese Students' Monthly.

day the negro is a recognized part Jerry McAuley Mission of the American Government; he After a goodly period of service, holds 8,~S2 offices in the executive continued daily and nightly, particcivil service of the nation, besides ularly in the work of rescue among furnishing four regiments in the the slaves of strong drink, the Jerry army, and a large number of sailors. McAuley Mission, at :116 Water Street, New York, has once more In the State and municipal civil service he holds at least 10,000 other outgrown its quarters. The presoffices. ent brick building, put up in 1876, The Negro and the Y. M. C. A. replaced the wooden dance-hall A wealthy Jew of Chicago has which was consecrated to the work given $25,000 toward the $I50,000 of God four years previously by sought for a Y. M. C. A. building Jerry McAuley. Plans have now for negroes in that city; and he of- been approved for a more COmmofers to repeat the gift for any city dious structure; and, thanks to the where the local residents raise $7.~,- forethought of the founder, the va- 000 for the same purpose. Still cant site which adjoins the present more remarkable is his statement mission house will come into servthat the social effects of the work of ice. In harmony with the object the association constitute its appeal of the building, electric flash signs to him, while he sees no obiection to will be installed on the roof; and the religious activities of the Chris- thus the mission will announce its tian Association. The donor ex- beneficent object to men on the plains that, as a Jew, he sympathizes, large river craft and the countless from experience, with the negroes in thousands of people who cross the the prejudice and contempt to which East River bridges. they are subjected. Hosts of Hindus Flocking In Chinese Students as Peace-makers The January number of Missions (the Baptist monthly magazine) After having killed about twenty contains an article on "The Newest and wounding fifteen in a course of a Immigration Problem, the Hindu feud between the On Leong Tong and Invasion of the Pacific Coast." the Four Brothers Society, which During- I<JIO, ',,000 men of India lasted eighteen months in the China- entered the port of San Francisco; town of New York, peace finally ~,Ooo are said to be located in the reigned again over the spirit of the Sacramento Valley of California.

people on the night of December 29, Each steamer from the Orient when the two societies signed a pact, brings its quota of these swarthy

immigrants seeking work in the more thorough and detailed study of lumber camps and on the railroads. the mission fields, with a view to more Opposition to their entrance has speedy and complete occupation; (3) naturally developed on the coast, Olristian education in the mission while unexpectedly a coterie of Cal- fields, and the use of Christian literaifornians, including some wealthy ture in missions; (4) the creation of a representative body to act on behalf women interested in theosophy, are of missions in questions arising with championing their cause. As there governments; (5) the question of are no women with them and they starting an international Missionary provide for no home Ii fe, preserve Review; (6 ) a special committee to their intense caste spirit, and are study medical missions; (7) the creconfessedly "cheap labor," their ap- ation of a permanent international pearance is not without danger to committee. Friends are asked to rethe peace and prosperity of the land member this work in prayer to God. where they settle. A new problem is thus forced upon not only the Crusade Against Mormons state craft, but also the religious enterprise of the United States.-Mission- A vigorous crusade ag-ainst Morary Herald. mon missionaries has been under- taken in Great Britain. It is said Slavic Invasion of Canada that H. P. Freece, a special inves- tig-ator of proselytizing Mormons, Within the last fifteen years, at- has arrived in. London after a ten tracted by the offer of free land, weeks' tour in Scotland and the not less than I SO,ooo Ruthenians north of England, during which he from Southeastern Europe have succeeded in locating- about one hunemigrated to Alberta, Manitoba dred Mormon meeting-places and and Saskatchewan. All are Slavs :i2.~ American Mormons eng-ag-ed in and were reared in either the Ro- inducing- young women to emig-rate man Catholic or the Greek Church. to Utah. He ·also collected the Not being able to secure from their signed statements of parents whose former home the financial assist- daug-hters had been enticed to ance required to sustain religious America, and is in possession of work, they appealed to the Canadian irrefutable evidence that the Mor- Presbyterian Church. In response, mon Church is in the habit of payteachers were sent to open schools ing for the transportation of confor the training of evangelists and verts from there to Utah, in violapastors. Later, an independent tion of the United States immig-ra- Greek Church was formed, which tion law. Mr. Freece entertains is really affiliated with the Presby- great hope of succeeding- in g-etting terian Church, and already has 72 a bill into Parliament prohibiting congregations, 40 church building-s, American Mormon elders from prosas many ministers, and 24 men in eIytizing- in that country-in fact, training- for Christian work. the same law as that adopted by Prussia and Hungary, not long ago. EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN Anglican and Free Church Cooperation The Continuation Committee Anglican and Free Church co- This committee, which is to carry operation is no new thing- at the on the work suggested by the Edin- Hampstead Garden Suburb, but the burgh Conference, is to meet in Eng- latest exhibition of it is quite an inland May 16 to 20, and it is expected novation. The vicar of the church that most of the members will be present. Among the questions that will of St. Jude-on-the-HiII, the Rev. B. be considered are (I) "The Prepara- G. Bourchier, and the minister of tion of Missionaries" and the creation of a Board of Study-to which most the Free Church, the Rev. J. H. societies have already agreed; (2) a Rushbrooke, have written and signed a circular letter offering a

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

hearty welcome to newcomers to the exposition has been stationed in suburb. In it they say: "We have Zurich, St. Gallen, Berne, La~s:;mne been deeply concerned to discover and Chur. Some QO,OOO VISItors that many newcomers, who in ear- have attended. It has now passed lier years had been associated with on to Germany. The city council of Christian churches elsewhere, have Karlsruhe has furnished free Quar- drifted into the habit of non-attend- ters, and the city g-ardener has pro- ance at divine worship and even vided without charge plant decora- into apparent relig-ious indifference. tions for a tropical mise-en-scene.

We represent different Christian Visitors have come from Baden, communions, but we are at one in W urtemburg- and Alsace to see the the desire that all our neig-h- new institution, and it is probable bors may be associated with some that this means of increasing mischurch for the worship and service sionary knowledge will be tp~ch of our common Lord, and the exten- used in the future by other SOCIetIes sion of His king-dam." Following- on the Continent. the letter are printed particulars of the hours of service, etc., at the two Tubingen Medical Mission Institute olaces of worship.-British Weeklv. A report of the first year's The Y. M. C. A. in London work of this institute in Tiibin- At a recent meeting- at "Georg-e gen has been issued. The ex- Williams House," of the Metropolitan Committee of the National perience and results of th<: first Y. M. C. A. Council, a report was year's work are so encoura~mg- ~s received from Mr. Basil Hewer, or- to raise hopes of g-reater thmgs In g-anizing- secretary, upon the present the future. The Board of Directors condition of the work in larg-er now aim at establishing- a hospital London. for tropical diseases, in which mis- sionaries returning invalided and The scheme of the London Cen- others suffering from residence in tral Association, it is believed,· is tropical countries can be treated. g-oing- to make possible much g-reater In this wav the Institute hopes not achievements for the metropolitan only to g-ive relief to the individual work than it has ever known. In a very short time there will be in the sufferer for his own sake, but to heart of London one of the finest preserve for missionary societies the Association buiiding-s in the world, most precious capital they possess, which will supply the most adequate and sufficient provision for the en- the lives and health of their worktire center of the metropolis, as well ers. Seventy such patients were as benefit in no small measure g-reat treated last year, and accommodanumbers of young- men drawn from tion was found for some non-infec- tious and chronic cases in vacant rooms of the deaconess house.

the suburbs. The next requirement, Profeuora and the Vatican inevitably, is that in each of the The news from Germany is to the other five districts of London there effect that the defections in the shall be a larg-e and a fairly Roman Catholic Church assume well-equipped Association building-, proportions alarming- to the Vati- can. Throughout Baden, and more around which the particular district especially in Freiburg-, not one of interests shall g-ather.

THE CONTINENT the professors or priests has consent- Missions Made Visible ed to take the anti-modernist oath, and the time limit fixt for so doing The Basel Missionary Society has has passed. In other States the re- borrowed the idea of a traveling- sisters are increasing in numbers.

missionary exhibit from the travel- The ecclesiastical authorities in ing- anti-alcohol exhibitions. Their Rome maintain a very sug-g-estive

silence on the matter, aI)d seek to To provide for the future of such hide from the public the grave crisis priests, the Savonarola Institute, a brought about by the Pope's recent non-denominational Protestant insti- action; but information will ooze tution, has been established in Rome out. One Roman Catholic orgart, to give them a training in trades wishjn~ to make li~ht of the matter, and clerical pursuits."

declares that the result of the cir- A German Mission in the Balkan. cular may be regarded as one of the victories of the policy pursued by In 190~ a missionary alliance for Pius X, in that it has enabled the the evangelization of the mixt popu- Holy See to find out who among- lation of South East Europe (Bulthe Roman clergy are tainted with garians, Magyars, Servians, Gipsies, Modernist error. But there is an- Croats, Ruthenians, Slovaks, Slo": other side to the question. Rome venes, Montenegrins and Rumanis losin~ her choicest sons, those ians) was org-anized with .1,000 who stand for intelligence and cul- . members. Its headquarters is in ture and all that is spiritual. It is Kattowitz, in Prussian Silesia, a stru~gle of darkness and super- where there is a training- school for stition against the incoming of light. missionaries, with twenty-three in It is a determined fight for freedom attendance. The leader of this enof thought and liberty of conscience, terprise, Mr. Urban, who has been and there can be nO doubt as to the recently visiting the Balkans, de- clares that everywhere among these issue.-Episcopal Recorder. richly endowed people a deep thirst The Open Bible in Italy for the truth is noticeable. His first The Rev. N. W. Clark of Rome, efforts have been directed to the now on a vacation in this country, awakening- of the scattered German has recently said: churches, many of them three hun- "Protestantism is advancing in Italy, and it is advancing by the dred years old and sunk in deep sleep. These he hopes may become practise of giving the people the missionary churches among- their open Bible !" This had special refer- Slavic neighbors.

ence to the Bible Mission enterprise Buddhism in Europe -"The equipment of Italian Protes- tants on their return to Italy with Sonnen-Au/gang, a German mis- a supply of Bibles in the vernacular sionary magazine, graphically de- to be distributed by them as they scribes the progress of Buddhism see fit"; an enterprise of which in Europe. We thus learn that Bishop Burt has said: "With all my Buddhism, as all other non-Chris- heart I approve of this work of giv- tian religions, is making great prog- ing to the Italians returning to Italy ress there, and when we consider the Word of God in their own lan- that it found its first followers in ~uage. I t is not alone the people the Western countries only a few Who are interested, the interest of years ago, we must pronounce its the people, the laity, is shared by the progress astounding. In England it priests. Hardly a week passes with- is spreading surprizingly. Three out some Italian priest who has got years ago the Buddhist Society of hold of a Bible coming to me to in- Great Britain and Ireland was quire some means of release from founded in Rangoon, and the famous the Latin Church. Before I left authority on Buddhism, Prof. Rhys Rome I was in correspondence with Davids, was chosen its president.

more than fifty priests who are The society has met with such suc- ready to break away from the sys- cess that it has already branches in tem which has enslaved them for Liverpool and Edinburgh. Its pub- these years when the famine of the lication is the Buddhist Review Word has been sore in their land. (London, Luzac & Co.). Mrs. Hla

MISSIONARY

Oung-, in Rang-oon, has furnished in Europe), a short time ag-o. In it the statement was made that the means necessary for the erection Buddhist settlements are soon to be planted near Lausanne, in of a Home for Bhikku (mendi- Switzerland, and probably in the Italian province of Umbria. The cants) in Eng-land, while she sup- prog-ress of Buddhism in Hungary was also reported, and the fact was ports in her home city Buddhist stated that Subhadea Bhikshu's schools for 400 g-irls and 2S0 boys. Buddhist Catechism has been trans- In IgOO, Gordon Doug-las, an Eng- lated into H ung-arian and five edilishman, became a Buddhist monk. tions have been quickly sold. In He was followed a few years ag-o Hungary an effort has been made to by a Scotchman, Allan Bennet Mac- have Buddhism recog-nized officiallv Greg-or, who took the name of as a relig-ion, and thus get liberty Ananda Meteyya, and is now work- to teach it in the schools. But the ing- in Burma for the spread of Roman Catholic Church opposed the Buddhism. Another Scotchman, effort successfully. MacKechnie, for some time Mac- ISLANDS Greg-or's helper, has now g-one to Eng-land as Buddhistic missionary. Filipinos Pushing for Independence The first Buddhist mission wag started in Eng-land in the spring- of The London S pectatoY, one of 190B. To-day the Buddhist Society the most brilliant of the English has hundreds of Eng-lishmen as weeklies, recently contained an inmembers. Among- its vice-presi- teresting- parag-raphon the attitude dents are found the Earl of Mex- of the Filipinos to Americans. It boroug-h and the Prince of Sikkim. said: "The Filipinos believe, or pre- It is reported lately that interest tend to believe, that they are already for the mild relig-ion of the East is fit for self-g-overnment. They reincreasing in Eng-land so rapidly gard American administration with that the Buddhistic movement is ad- a certain superciliousness, and think vancing- marvelously. In Germany, they could manag-e thing-s better Karl Seidenstricker, of LeiDsic, themselves. The Americans are founded a magazine, Dey Buddhist, paying the price-the inevitable and org-anized the first Buddhist price-of doing their duty in edu- Society in Germany in IgOS. The cating- the natives. We, of course, society entered upon an ag-gressive are going through the same expericampaig-n with much ability. Later, a ence in India. Except in Manila, all second magazine, Die Buddhistische the municipal councils are in the Welt, was founded, which is now hands of the natives. But altho in the org-an of the German Pali So- the Legislature and judiciary and in ciety, which is located at Breslau. the public departments there are Its purpose, according to its consti- many native officials, the scheme of tution, is to aid and spread the g-overnment is so arrang-ed that the knowledge of Pali literature, and to natives have the semblance rather further the understanding- of the than the reality of power. Probsystem of Pali Buddhism and to ably one reason why the Americans spread it. The publisher, Walter do not command as much respect as they deserve is that the natives, born Markg-raf, in Breslau, is business to Spanish ceremonial and Spanish elaborateness of manner, have a manag-er of the Pali Society, and prejudice ag-ainst the great simpli- city and directness of democratic keeps a large assortment of Bud- habits. Democracy has, in fact, vio- lated something- very like caste. But dhistic writing of all kinds on hand.

In Switzerland, in Italy, and also in Hungary, Buddhism is also spreading. In Lug-ana a well-edited mag-azine, Coenobium, is published, which contained a g-ood article, "I!

Buddhismo" in Europa (Buddhism

tho ground has been lost by the nizing work. Deaconesses care for Americans, it is now being apprecia- the poor and sick. A Christian bly regained." Young Men's Association gives in- struction and guidance to the youth. Methodist Gains in the Philippines Methodist Mission in Java After a month's trip over the northern district, Philippine Islands, The Kaukab says: "Some years the Rev. Ernest S. Lyons writes: "I ago the board of foreign missions found eig-ht chapels under construc- of the M. E. Church began operation, and in four other places I se- tions in New Netherlands India by cured grants of land for new chapels, the members agreeing that if sending a man to Batavia, in Tava. we will furnish the iron roofs (costing from $.10 to $7.1 each) they will So successful has been the work do the remainder. We shall finish there, and so bri~ht is the outlook twenty chaDels on this district this among the Mohammedans of that year with less than $400 from the empire, that other men have been Board. I got small promises of self- sent, and now Sumatra is also ocsupport along the way amounting to cupied in one or two places. Up to something over $40 a month. There the present the W. F. M. S. has not are twelve circuits without men in followed the parent board in this charge because we have no money part of the world, but at its last sesfor the support of the men to take sion, the executive committee sent charge. We must leave these with for the credentials of Miss Ruth an occasional visit from the mission- Naomi, an American woman who ary until I can get more help."- has been working in connection with Episcopal Recorder. our work in .Tava, and on their re- ceipt, that society will formally ex- Christian Colonies in Java tend its operations to those islands of the sea. The Netherlands Missionary Society is founding colonies of Chris- An Uprising in the Caroline Islands tians in .Tava and Sumatra similar to the Protestant barrios of the Philip- A newspaper dispatch reports that pines. The most successful is Pang- the natives in Ponape have rebelled harepan, established in r886, as a against the German authorities and Christian center, in a densely Mo- have murdered four Europeans and hammedan region. The Govern- five friendly natives. The missionment granted a large tract of uncul- aries of the American Board were tivated land to the mission. Rice withdrawn from the Carolines five or fields and plantations of coffee, six years ago, and were succeeded by cocoa, pepper and tea are in full op- Germans. The natives have been diseration. All the colonists bind satisfied with German rule and have themselves to work in the common several times threatened rebelIion. mission gardens as well as in their own. The impression which the OBITUARY NOTES colony makes is admirable. The plantations are cleanly and wiselv Rev. Samuel McFarlane worked. Church, three schools, the mission house and the homes of the Rev. Dr. Samuel McFarlane, a Christians are solidly built and at- pioneer of the London Missionary Sotractively neat. The life of the ciety in New Guinea, died on Friday, colony is ordered on Christian prin- February I7, at the age of seventyciples. Christian elders assist the three. He exercised great influence missionary in administration. A both in the mission field and at home. Chinese overseer, "a .iewel of a Half a century ago he sailed in the Christian," superintends the colo- John Williams, to Lifu, in the South Seas, and carried on there a training institution for native teachers. Mrs. McFarlane instructed their wives. When the French authorities inter-

MISSIONARY

rupted this work in 1871, Dr. McFar- with the Bombay Presidency. With lane left for New Guinea, and started her husband in the early days of pioneer work among the cannibals. her marriage she founded the Indus- Many people have read his books, trial School and village at Sharanpur, "Among the Cannibals" and "The near N asik; later in life, when her Story of the Lifu Mission," and realize children no longer needed her atten- the heroism which he and his wife tion, she again gave herself to work brought to the perilous work in New for her country, and before her death Guinea. Dr. McFarlane retired from she had founded five schools and left the foreign work in 1887, but gave them, in handsome buildings of their vigorous and effective help to Mis- own, to those who were capable of sionary interest at home until his carrying on the work she had initiated.

strength failed. She perfected everything to which she Herbert M. Allen and Constantinople put her hand, and all in the silence of loving service, seeking no reward. News of the death at Constantinople of the Rev. Herbert M. Allen, But more than educational institua missionary of the American Board tions is the memory of a great perof Commissioners for Foreign Mis- sonality which she has left behind her. sions, was received on January 25. She seemed to combine much that was best in East and West. Spirituality, Mr. Allen was a son of the Rev. devotion and the power of self-sacri- Orson P. Allen, one of the early mis- fice, the great gift of loving tact and sionaries of the American Board in insight and sympathy-all these were Turkey, and was born at Harpoot, hers in no smalI measure; and to Turkey, in 1865. After being gradu- these she added western ideals of ated from Williams College in 1888 honor and duty and the service of and the Bangor Theological Seminary others, of efficiency and the joy of in 1893, he returned to Turkey. His work, with the purity of heart and first station was at Van, where he did the simplicity of faith of a little child. effective relief work after the Armen- ian massacres of 1895. Recently he Miss Duryea of China has been working in Constantinople, Miss Alice Duryea, the daughter of and among other services has edited William Rankin Duryea, and a mis- The Orient, an English paper pub- sionary to China, committed suicide lished in Constantinople to keep by leaping overboard from the steamfriends of Turkey informed of events ship Manchuria while temporarily inin the empire. sane and returning to America from Dr. Martin N. Wyckoff of Japan the mission field.

A cablegram announces the sad Miss Duryea was a graduate of Smith College and had been a misfact that Dr. Martin N. Wyckoff, who sionary in China for about seven years succeeded W. E. Griffis at Fukui, as a self-supporting representative of Echizen, in 1871, and who had given unremitting service to the Japanese the North Reformed Church of Newfor forty years, has gone to his rest. ark. She was a beautiful Christian His modest, winning ways served to character.

uplift the young men among whom he Senior Missionary A. Kropf, D.O. worked. He was sent out by the Reformed Church of America. The news has reached Berlin that Missionary A. Kropf, D.D., died in Mrs. Sorabji of India Bethel, near Stutterheim, in Kaffraria, At Nasik, on October 24, Mrs. Africa, on December 20, 1910. He Sorabji, .widow of the Rev. Sorabji was the senior missionary of the great Kharsedji, passed away, in her seventy- Berlin Missionary Society, having la- sixth year. She was loved of many in bored among the Amaxosa people for England and India, and her name as sixty-five years. Surely, he labored an educationist will long be connected faithfully throughout long years. Missionary Fenchel fro:n. the old-established missionary The Rhenish Missionary Society re- sOClet1es, and they founded the Indian ports with much sorrow that one of its most diligent and successful laborers, Home Mission Society to the San- Missionary Fenchel, of Keetmanshof, in German Southwest Africa, died thals in 1867. After many financial very unexpectedly in the beginning of December, 19IO. He was much be- difficulties and severe struggles, the loved by the Namas, among whom he preached the Gospel with great con- Lord raised up friends in England, secration and zeal. Scotland, Denmark and Norway, and Lars Skrefsrud. of India they labored on in faith. The thorough On December II, 1910, Lars Skrefsrud, one of the two organizers work was abundantly blest, so that the of the Indian Home Mission to the Santhals, died in Rampore Haut, number of Santhal Christians is more Province of Bengal, in India. Born in Norway in 1840, the son of pious than 13,500 to-day. Borresen died in Christian parents, Skrefsrud became so wayward that he finally found him- I90r. He had been the executive head self a prisoner in Christiania. Two years and one-half he spent in prison, of the work, but the Lord enabled and during that time was soundly converted, so that he decided to conse- Skrefsrud to continue the work as crate himself to the service of the Master, among the heathen at the ex- sole trustee and manager. In 190 5 piration of the prison term. When he was discharged, he offered himself the Bethel Santhal Mission, founded to the Committee of the Norwegian Missionary Society for training for by Pastor A. Haegert in 1875, was missionary work in Africa. But its members refused to grant the applica- merged into the Indian Home Mistion of a man who had been released from prison only a short time ago. sion to the Santhals, and the work Skrefsrud then made application to the Gossner Missionary Society in which had an annual income of about Berlin, and Father Gossner had confidence in the earnest Norwegian, and $40,000, was again extended. Now received him into the missionary home. There he became acquainted with the Skrefsrud has followed his beloved Dane, Borresen, and both went out to India, determined to labor together colleague, Borresen, in death. Both in the vineyard of the Master. The Committee of the Gossner Missionary were most impressive and eloquent Society, however, decided to place them in different parts, but they were preachers of the Gospel, upon whose so opposed to separation that they rather left the service of the society lips the Santhals hung. Both were which had sent them out. Twice they made applications to the Committee of equally beloved. But Borresen had the the Danish Missionary Society, but greater executive ability, while Skrefswhen it refused to accept their services, they decided that the Lord rud was a linguist of great ability and wanted them to remain independent learning. The work commenced by them will not cease with the death of Skrefsrud.

GENERAL The Statistical Tables-Correction By an unfortunate error in record- ing the income of the China Inland Mission, as given in our Statistical Tables (January REVIEW), the con- tribution in dollars was read as pounds sterling, and was therefore multiplied by five. The correct figures are £70,- 919, of $354,595.

Donations Received No. 395 Fa~ine SU~7reTs China …….. $ 5.00 " 396 .. …….. 5.00 " 397 .. 4.00 " 398 u 399 1.00 " 400 10.00 " 401 5.00 u 402 10.00 " 403 u " u 5.00 " 404 5.00 " 406 Boys' School, Urumia, P~~s'i~:::: 36.00 " 407 u 408 " 14 " " 100.00 u 409 Famine Sufferers China …. :::: 5.50 " 410 BRYs' Sc~ooI, Ur~mia, P~rsia …. 50.00 .. 411 .. 412 10.00 .. 413 3.00 .. 414 25.00 .. 415 10.00 .. 416 1.00 15.00 20.00 10.00

THE MISSIONARY

SKETCHES l'ROM THE KAREN HILLS. By p~rstitions an~ religious beliefs, Rev. Alonzo Bunker, D.D. 12mo. ~Iz.ardry and wItchcraft-and gives a vlvld concepton of the difficulties of 215 pp. $1.00. Fleming H. Revell the missionary's task. There is, how- Co., 1910. ever, much more to be told of the The triumphs of the Gospel among the Karens of Burma forms one of course of the conflict and of the the most stirring stories of modern achievement of the spiritual victories missions. Dr. Bunker is a missionary whi~h are epitomized in the last chapof the American Baptist Foreign Mis- ~er m a very modest statement regardsion Society, and is familiar with the mg the young Christian Church now thrilling experiences of the early and established. Not the least important later missionaries, and he gives us in featu~e ?f this very interesting volthis volume a series of sketches aescriptive of the heroic men and deeds um.e IS lts excellence of illustration. that made the history of the Karen It IS a book alike for students of mis- Mission. sions and sociology, and for the casual . Dr. Bunker's stories and descrip- reader who loves tales of adventure tIons are strong and clear; they appeal to human interest, and awaken and achievement, which are in this sympathy; they show the Christlike case the outgrowth of a heroic mis- sionary consecration.

purpose of the men, and the value of AGAIN~T THE CURRENT. By Edward A. their work. The adventures of ex- Stem~r. 12mo. 230 pp. $1.25 net. ploration and pioneer work, stories of FlemIng H. Revell Co., 1910. child life, encounters with wild beasts and witches, miracles of Providence Professor Steiner is well known, not and Gospel triumphs, make up a book only ~s an authority on the immigrant questIOn, but as an immigrant him- of unusual interest for old and young. self and a man on fire with a passion f~r the uplift of the immigrant. In "AN UNKNOWN PEOPLE IN AN UNKN<)WN' LAND." By W. Barbrooke Grubb. hIS present volume he gives us six 16s, net. Seeley & Co., London, 1910. chapters f.rom his. own complex life, This is a most interesting and fas- fro~ the tIme of hIS early recollections cinating volume of missionary life and ~mld the Carpathians, to his awakenwork. Altho it deals not so much with the directly spiritual work of mg, and some of his many experiences the writer, it is obviously intended as a preparation for a further volume Jew and observations relating to rich and on the wonderful development of that side of the work. It records the early poor, and Gentile, in Europe and Amenca. Professor Steiner is a destruggles and victories of the pioneer !ightful writer, and has a keen insight worker among that little known mto men.. He se~ks reali.ty~ sympathy, people, the Chaco Indians of South progress III practIcal ChnstIan sociolo- America, and is full of the experiences and adventures of one who is gy. These chapters help us better to both a pioneer missionary and an ex- ~nderstand the man and his views of plorer. In the last twenty years Mr. hfe. Professor ~teiner himself says Grubb has penetrated into the heart of that they are wntten for those interthe Indian fastnesses, and become himself the greatest living authority ested in race psychology, for those who look for evidence of the unity of the human race and for those who wish to help solve the problems of every race.

regarding those peoples. In this vol- DAVE RANNEY. An autobiography. 12mo. 205 pp. 7~ cents net. The American ume the early years of his work among the ~enguas is described in interesting Tract Society, New York, 1910.

d~tall, and one who begins to read will to Life on atsheunBfaomwielriyar,isaassliwfeildi~ and wIsh to finish the fascinating story. It many, the deals with almost every concl::~vable heart of Africa. Here is a story of a side of the life of those primitive man who lived on the Bowery, New tribes-their arts and industries, su- York, and for many years has been a missionary of the New York City who were only privileged to know him Mission and Tract Society. His story in his private life as a prominent sershows the power of God to lift up and vant of God. It is not too much to regenerate the fallen. It is a simple say that all such will love and veneexample of the modern miracles of rate him more than ever, as a result conversion. Dave Ranney was born in Hudson City, N. J., with a good of reading these pages. This volume Christian mother, but he fell through will do much to keep burning the flame love for drink, and lived for many years in sin and crime. He is one of missionary zeal in many a heart, of those who has spent the latter and to kindle it where as yet it has years of his life seeking to undo the been unlighted. evil of his early days. Dave Ranney is another of the "Twice Born Men" NEW BOOKS who is helping to bring other men into life and light. HIS'rORY OF THE SYRIAN NATION AND THE OLD EVANGELICAL-ApOSTOLIC CHURCH OF DOWN TO THE SEA. By Wilfred T. Gren- THE EAS'r. From Remote Antiquity fell. 12mo. 226 pp. $1.00 net. to the Present Time By Prof. George Fleming H. Revell, 1910. David Malech. lIIustrated. 8vo, 449 pp. $2.50. Augsburg Pnb. House, These yarns from the Labrador, by Minneapolis, Minn., 1911. a well-known, honored and beloved medical missionary, will be eagerly ISLAM LANDS. Mr. Shoemaker. Illusread and greatly enjoyed by his hosts trated. $2.50. G. P. Putnam's Sons, of friends and admirers. The stories N ew York, 1911. are full of life and adventure, humor and pathos. It is an excellent volume THE UNOCCUPIED FIELDS OF AFRICA AND with which to awaken missionary in- ASIA. By Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, terest in men. D.D. Student Volunteer Movement, 125 East 27th Street, New Yark, 1911. JOHN G. PATON'S "LATF.R YEA.RS AND FARE- WELL." 3s, 6d. Messrs. Hodder & OUT AND ABOUT IN THE SUDAN. Five Stoughton, London, 1910. Years in the Sudan. By. Edward Fothergill. 16s, net. Hurst & Black- Anything about John Paton at once ett, London, 1910. claims the attention of all who are interested in missions. Very few men TRAMPS IN DARK MONGOLIA. By John have been used as he was, to draw out Hedley. 12s, 6d, net. T. Fisher Unthe affection and sympathy of Chris- win, London, 1911. tians everywhere toward the work of preaching Christ where he is not JOHN G. PA'rON. Later Years and Fareknown. The inscription of this pres- well. A sequel to "John G. Paton"- ent volume, which describes him as An Autobiography. By A. K. Lanthe one "Than whom Scotland never gridge and Frank H. L. Paton. Inhad a braver son, nor mortal man a troduction by Lord Kinnaird. 286 pp. truer friend" is no exaggeration, for $1.25. George H. Doran Co., New of all the great missionary personal- York, 1911. ities of the last century, he will ever remain most conspicuous. This vol- THE KINGDOM WITHOUT FRONTIERS. By ume is concerned entirely with the Thomas Moscrop. 3s, 6d, net. Robclosing years of his life, in which his ert Culley, 26 Paternoster Row, E. C., labors were not less abundant than London, 1911. when as a young man he went out to the New Hebrides with magnificent INDIAN IDYLLS. By Austice Abbott faith and heroism. It crmtains many (Elliott Stock). 3s, 6d, net. glimpses of his home life, and is, in reality, an intimah: sketch drawn by ON TRAIL AND RAPID BY DOG-SLED AND loving hands for the benefit of those CANOE. The Story of Bishop Bom- pas's Life Among the Red Indians and Eskimo. Told for Boys and Girls. By Rev. H. A. Cody, M.A.

Illustrated. 203 pp. J. P. Lippin- cott Co., Philadelphia, 1911.

I MMIGRANT RACES IN NORTH AMERICA. By Peter Roberts, Ph.D. $.50. Y. M. C. A. Press, New York, 1911.

TWICE BORN SOULS. By the Rev. Claud Field, M.A. Is, net. Chas. J. Thynne, London, 1911.

A PRAYER BEFORE THE LESSON. For suner- intendents and teachers in the Sun- day-school and in the quiet hour at home. By Philip E. Howard. 16mo. 153 pp. 50 cents. Sunday School Times Co., Philadelphia. 1<;)11.

The Missionary Review of the World — 1891 Index

according to Act of Congress, in the year ,89"

Mi~~ionarJ Boviow of tho Worl~ VOL. IV NEW SERIES VOL. XIV OLD SERIES JANUARY TO DECEMBER 1891 EDITOR ARTHUR T. PIERSON PHILADELPHIA LONDON PUBLISHERS TORONTO FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY NEW YORK FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D. C.

1891.J INDEX

INDEX FOR 1891.

INDEX OF DEPARTMENTS.

LITERATURE OF MISSIONS. – Pages 1, 81, MONTHLY CONCERT OF MISSIONS. Pages 161,241,321,401,481,561,641,721,801,881. 7'J, 144, 228, BOg, 391, 544, 624, 707, 786, 800, 94.Q. EXTRACTS AND TRANSLATIONS FROM MISSIONARY PERIODICALS. Pages 47, INTELLIGENCE DEPARTMENT. Pages 75, 125, 206, 293, 316, 455, 520, 601, 686, 764, 845, 153, 232, 312, 396, 471,549, 629, 712, 791, 870.

928. ORGANIZED MISSIONARY WORK AND INTERNATIONAL DEPARTMENT. Pages STATISTICS. Pages 232, 319, 396, 471, 474, 549, 629, 712, 791, 870, 949. 52, 133, 212, 296, 373, 461, 526, 611, 691, 774, 851,931. FOREIGN MISSION NOTES. Pages 75, 154, EDITORIAL NOTES BYEDITOR·IN-CHIEF. 232, 31~, 477. 553, 560,794.876,955. Pages 62, 142,200,303,381,467, 1134, 621, 702, 784, 860, 989. MONTHLY BULLETIN. Pages 78,158, 238, 314, 556, 633, 715, 878, 957.

INDEX OF AUTHORS.

EDITORIAL STAFF. PAGE PAGE ReT. D. L. LEONARD. (See Organized Work, Editor-in-Chief: ARTHUR T. PIERSON. (See .. Editorial Notes.") etc.) Architecture i. Frozen Music……….. .. 46 Carey Epoch in Missions, The. . .. •••.•. . … 825 Christianized Paganism…. . . . ••. . •. • . . . • •. 535 Monthly Concert _….. __ ……………. 544, 7e6 Coming Age of Missions, The ..•……..•.. 721 Protestant Missions before Carey. . . . . . . . 341 Day Dawn on Ihe Hawaiian Group. II…… 561 Why Mi.8ion8 are Modern.. . …. ….. .. … 260 Epoch of Orgauization……… .. ……… 507 Evangelizing the World in this Generation. 321 Rev. CHARLlIS C. STARBUCK. (See" ExtraeL Fallen Asleep (J. M. Sherwood, D.D.)…… I and Translations from Foreign Periodicals.") Great Commieelon, The……………….. 183 Japan, Dr. W. E. Griffis on …………….. 648 Education and Evangelization in India ..•.• 001 Light at Cape of Good Hope ……………. 402 AZBELL, W. K. .. . …. ………………… 706 Livingstone and Stanley………………. _ 4 ALLEN, ELEANOR P …………………… 843 Midnight on the Hawaiian Group. I ….•.•. 513 ATTERRl/RY, B. C., M.D ……………….. 681 ALLIS, J. M., D.D….. .. …………….. 853 of Miracles of Missions. No. XVIII •…..• 402 BAGHDASABIAN, M ……………………. 747 BARNES, REV. LEMUEL C., D.D …………. 528 Miracles Missions. No. XIX ……….. 561 BEMIER, EUGENE.. . .. . . . .. … .. .. . . . .. . … 574 Miracles of Missions. No. XX ………. ·• 537 B"RTRAND, MISS ALICE ..•••.•••.••…….. 574 Missionary Call, The (Poem) ….•….••.••.. 418 BOMAR,PAUL V ………………………. 836 Monthly Concert ………………….. 72, 228 BoSTWICK, REV. G. P …………………. 600 Onr Debt, Our Duty and Our Destiny. . . . •.. 801 BRAcQ, REV. J. C……………………… 762 Present Crisis of Missions. . . . . . . . . . .. ….• 49& BROCKETT, L. P., M.D ……………….. 328 Regions Beyond. 1.,81. II ……………… 161 BURNET, HELEN L …………………….. 568 Signal Cry of the New Crnsade…………. 537 BARON, MRS. DAVID …………………… 898 BEN-OLIEL, RARBI A ………………….. 924 ADONIRAM J. GORDON, D.D. BLACKSTONE, WILLIAM E ………………. 937 CALKINS, REV. DR. WOLCOTT …………… 720 Faith Element in Missions .•••• ,••••..•….. 726 CASALIS, M. EUGENE …………………. 602 How Much Better, then, is a Man than a CLARK, REV. DR. F. E ………………… 502 COAN, REV. F. G ……………………… 761 Sheep? ……… : ………………… 43 DOSKER, REV. HENRY A………. … . . . . … 16 Missionary MoneY-Quantity and Quality.. 481 EDWARDS, REV. CHAUNCEY T ………….. 734 ELLIS, REV. F ………………………… 837 J. T. GRACEY, D.D. (See International Depart- ment.) ELXSLIE, W. A ……………………… eoq Missionnry Methods Officially Reviewed… 250 ~onthJf Concert .144,. U2,. 308,. 391, 707" 866, 94&. PAGE PAGE ELLINWOOD, REV. F. F., D.D …………… 908 FULTON, HOBERT MORUI"ON…………… 597 MITCHELL, REV. J. MURRAY, LL.D…….. 35,88 GORDON, EUNEST B ………………… 19, 494 MOMAN, W. J ………………………. 840 GRACEY, REV. HENRy ………………… 590 MOOlmEAD, MAXWOOD … …..•..•… . .. 352 McLAURIN, ItEV. JOHN ………………… 933 GRACEY, MIts. J. '1' ………………….. 396 NOBLE, FUED PERRY…………………. 424 PFANSTIEHL, REV. A. A ………………… 683 GEtEENE, REV. WILLIAM BREl'iiTON, JR…… 820 PIERSON,DELAVANL …………….. 277,489 PIEnsoN, lhSSE" LOUISE B. and ANNA W .. 881 GllOUT, Rgv. LEWIS …………………… 439 PICK, REV. B., Ph.D ………………….. 919 (JUTHIUE, HEV. Du. THOMAS…………… 3 RICE, REV. HENRY…………………….. 742 HALL, REV. RosEn'r, D.D…. …………. 28 Ross, REV. JOHN …………………… 677 H~MILTON, REV. J. T ……………….. 375 RUTHERFORD, REV. JOHN ……………. 23 HAMILTON, J. TAyLOR………. …………. 61 SHAFTESBURY, EARL OF…………… …. 46 .HAMLIN, DR. CyRUS….. . …………… 693 STANTON, W. A ……………………. 446 HAPPEn, REV. DR. A. P …………….. 348, 694 STORROW, REV. EDWARD ……………. 411, 891 HART"AN"', REV. A………………….. 461 SPENSER, REV. D. S ………………….. 517 HENRY, REV. B. C …………………….. 600 SMITH, GEORGE,LL.D …………………. 673 Hm.JMJl:s, O. W., M.D ………………….. 28 SNODGRASS, REV. E ……………. 0 …… 654 HOSKINS, F. E …………………….. 921 SJ!XTON, REV. W. D …………………… 805 JOHNSTON, RHV. JAMES, 75, 154, 232, 312, 477, STJ!EL, REV. TIOBERT ………………….. 831 SHEDD, Rev. J. H., D.D ……………….. 616 553, 560, 794, 876, 985. STUART, REV. J. L ……. ………… … 531 KNOX, REV. GEORGE W., D.D ……..•…. 641 LAUUIE, REV. THOMAS ……………… 29, 757 SCHonDE, PROFESSOR GEORGE n., Ph.D … 914 LAVELEYE DE, MARGUERITE ……………. 590 LlOEns, Rev. S. P …………………….. 816 THWING, CLARENCE, M.D …….. ………. 669 MCCABE, REV. C. C., D.D ……………… 15 TINLING, REV. J. B .. .. ……………… 815 MOGILVARY, REV. D…. . …………….. 325 TURNBULL, REV. DR. ARCH……………. 63 MARTIN, REV. W. A. P., D.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~96 WHIPPLE,REV. W. L., D.D…………….. 52 MASON, REV. GEOnGE L ……………… 658 WOODRUFF, A ………………………. 751 MEAKIN, J. E. B ……………………… 583 WOOD, REV. GEOUGE W ……………….. 775 11'!ECKLIN, REV. J. C …………………… 759 WEnB, M'"s………… ………………. 78 lIrLLER, REV.' DR. J. R ………………. 419 WlIARTON, UEV. G. L …………………. 533 MITCHELL, REV. DR. ARTRUR ………….. 410 INDEX OF SUBJECTS IN LITERATURE OF MIS- SIONS.

PAGE PAGE Are Onr Pastors Faithful? W. C………… 46 Buddhism and Romanism, Hev. George L. Anent the Aztecs, Rev. Levi B. Salmans…. 59 Mason …………………………… 658 American Board in N. Caiua, Rev. Henry Bnddhism and Christianity, Rev. E. Snod· Blodgett…….. ……….. …. ……. 98 grass ………………………….. 654 Asiatic Populations, Rapid Growtt. of, Rev. Convention of Christian Workers, Banga· William Ashmore, D.D …………….. 123 lore, India, Rev. Jacob Chamberlain. Are We Disciples of Christ ? W. C……… 124 D.D……………………………… 32 Answered Prayers, Laura M. IJatime-r …. '. 177 China, American Board in North, Rev. An African Devil's BUI~illess, etc., Frederick Henry Blodgett…………………… 98 Caroline Islands …………………… .. 219 Perry Noble, Esq…………………. 424 Creation in Khasi Traditions, Rev. William Africa, Shall Islam Hule? Hev. Lemuel C. Williams ………………………… 274 China, Recent Audience with the Emperor Barnes, D.D …. ……………….. …. 528 of, B. C. Atterbury, M.D ………….. 681 Armenian Protestant Orpha.nage of Brosca, Congregationalists and Missions, Rev. Ed- ward Storrow.. . ……………….. 891 etc., M. Baghdasurian…. … . …. .. 747 Cuba as a Mission Field, W. J. Moman….. 840 Art, Foreign Missions, and W. Brenton Do Reathens lIfnItiply Faster than Con· verts? Rev. Thomas Laurie………. .. 29 Green, Jr., D.D …………………. 820 Divine and Supernatural in Foreign ]fiB- Belgium, New Effortsin ……………….. 16 Bions, Rev. Edward Storrow…….. … 411 lluddhism lind Christianity, Rev. F. F. El. Erskine's Famolls Saying', EditoriaL….. .. 42 Epoch of Orglinizlltion, Edit.orlaL ……… 220 linwood, D.D.. …………. . ……… 108 Evang'<'li7.ing the World in this Generation, Buddhism and Justification by Faith, Hev. Editorial. • • .. .. ………………… 3lh.

II. C. Mabie, D.D ….. ………… 185 Black Fellows of Australia, The, I., Rev. A.

Hartmann.. .. .. .. …. …………….. 213 The Bantu Languages, etc., Rev. Lewis Grout ………………………….. 481l PAGE PAGB Evangelical Alliance at Florence, Ddavan Lantern, A Tonr of, F. E. Hoskin ………. 921 Money……………………………… 15 L. Pierson ……………………….. 4U3 Missionary Outlook, The, I.. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 35 Education and Evangelization in India, II. Rev. J. lIiurray Mitchell, LL.D …………………… 88 Rev. C. C. Starbuck ………….••….. 661 lIiissionary Ontlook, III. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. …. 170 lIiissionary Geography, Rev. J. II. Shedd, Encouragements in the Work of lIiissions, D.D ………….. : ……………….. 189 Morocco, Glad TIdIngs in, Hev. J. E. B. Rev. A. A. Pfan~tiehl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 683 Meakin …………………………… 217 lIiission Work at Scotch Atbens, DelavanL. European Literature in the :Mission Fields, Pierson. . .. . …………………….. 277 lIiodern Missionary lIiarvels, The Bussein- F. F. Ellinwood, D.D ……………… 908 Arakan lIiission., L. P. Brockett, lIi.D.. 328 Moravian Missions in the Himalayas, Rev. Fallen Asleep…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . •• . . . . . . .. .. 1 J. '1'. Hamilton …………………… 375 Missionary Call, The, Poem, Editorial. …. 418 Fuith Hall, Laredo, lIiexico, lIiiss J ~nnie Missionary Money, Qnantity and Quality, Rev. A. J. Gordon …………………… 481 Brown…. … …. …… …….. ……. 197 lIiissions in India, Ernest B. Gordon….. .. 494 lIiedical Missions, David N. Patterso!], Foreign S. S. Association, A.Woodruff, Esq. 751 George Smith, LL.D………………. 673 lIiadras and lIiedical lIiissions, George Foreign lIiissions and Art, Rev. W. Brenton Smith, LL.D. …. ………………… 673 lIiedical lIiissions, A Plea for, Clarence Greene, Jr ……… ' ….. ,…………. 820 Thwing, lIi.D …………………… 669 Missions, The True Prayer Gauge, Rev. Greed in the Way of lIiissionary Zeal, Rev. Channcey T. Edwards ……………… 734 Mexico, Protestant Movement in, Eleanor Robert Han ……………………… 28 P. Allen ………………………… 843 lIioney, Its Relation to the Kingdom, Rev. Germany, Planting Cbri.tianity in, Rev. W. D. Sexton ………. … . ……… 805 lIiissionary Pra}er, a Poem, Rev. J. F. B. Henry Gracey.. .••••……. ….. …. 590 'l'inling…. . ……………………… 815 Melanesian Mission, Rev. Hobert Steel …. 831 Gnlick, Rev. L. H., lIi.D., Rev, S. P. Leeds. 816 New 'l'heology, 'l'he, O. W. Holmes, M.D… 28 Nunnery Life in Naples ……………….. 42 Helpers and Hinderers of lIiissions in Japan 19 New Application of an OJIl Hymn, Poem, Paul V. Bomar…. .. .. . . . . .. .. . . … .. .. 836 Historical Geography of the Christian Nam Thang Song, Poem, Rev. F. Ellis….. 837 Nya••a Land, Languages of, etc., W. A. Church, Professor II. W. Hulbert…..•. 118 Elm.lie ………………………… 809 Need of Special Preparation for Foreign Hore, Captain E. C. and hiB Work, Editor.. 182 Service, Dr. A. P. napper …………. 694 Northfield Convention, Foreign:lIiission Day Herrnhnt and lIioravian Missions, Delavan at, Reported by lIiisses Lonise B. and Anna W. Pierson …………………. 881 L. Pierson. . . . . . . . . . . .. ……………. 489 Old Age and World's Suffering, Earl Shartes· bury……………………………… 46 Hassan Botan, Letter from, Rev. F. G. Coan. 76t Pertinent Reply, Chaplltin McCabe……… 15 Prayer and Mission Work, Rev. John Ruth· Huguenots, a Few Pages from llistory of .. 574 erford…….. ……. ………… …… 23 Persia, Past Ten Years in, Rev. W. L. Isidore Loewenthal, Robert lIiorrison Fulton 597 Whipple, D.D …………………….. 52 Prayer Lt'agne of the Reformed Church .. o. 31 India, Edncation, etc., in, Rev. C. C. Star- Pentecost on the Congo, Hev. J. R Miller, D.D ……………………………. 419 buck …………………………… 661 People of Africa, 'V. A. Stanton ……….. 446 IJraycr Answered in l'onneetion with Mis- 18rad, Evangelization 01, Profcl'sor George siOllllry Work, Helen L. Burnett… . … 568 Planting Christianity in Germany, Rev. H. Schodde, Ph.D …… . …… 914 1Ienry ·Gracey. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . .. 590 Panl the Missionary, Rev. John RoBS…… 677 Japan, Helpers and Hinderers of lIii"sions Praycr Gauge, lIiissions the True, Rev. Chauncey T. Edwards …………….. 'l1H in ………………………………. 19 Japan and Japanese Converts…….. … . .. 22 J uBtification by Faith and Buddhism, Hev.

H. C.lIiabie, D.D …. .. …. . …….. 185 J e.nit lIiission in India, Rev. Edward ::ltar- row……………………………… 241 Japan, Political Check in, Rev. D. S. Speno cer. ……… ……………………. 517 Japan, The Year 1890 in, Rev. George W.

Knox, D.D ………………………. 641 Jews, Some Polemical Writings Against., et~., Rev. B. Pick, Ph.D …………… 919 Jerusalem's Crying Wants, Rabbi A. Ben- OIiel …………………………….. 924 KhO-si 'l'raditions, Creation According to, Rev. William Williams ..•………… 274 Livingstone and Stanley. … …. ….. ……. 4 Ling Ching Ting, Converted Opium Smok- er, Rev. S. L. Buldwin, D.D ……….. 257 London Papcl'sand India'~ Women, Mrs. J.

T. Gracey ……… " … …………. 26L Light in Darkest England, Rev. Francis E.

Smiley ………………… _ 268 Letters from Europe, Delavan L. Picrtion, I. ~n7 II. ,189 Laying Siege to the Delai Lama, Hev. J. T.

Hamilt.on ……………………….. 3715 LivingRtolle nnd Btanley. … . ……. . …… 437 Letter8 Crom Em'ope, 111., Erlle~t n. Gor- don 494 Langnages of Nyas"a Land, Rev. W.A. Elms- Ue ……………………………… 809 PAGE PAGE Pressing Needs, Rev. J. H. Shedd, D.D …. 616 Palestine and Jews, Dr. Cyrus Hamlin•….. 693 Societe des Minions Evangeliqne, Eugene Palestine, The Sacred Land of, Mrs. David Casalis …………………………… 602 Baron…………………………… 898 Spain, Gospel in, Rev. J. E. B. Meakin ….. 588 Polemical Writings againat the Jews, The Telugu Mission, Rev. C. B. Ward….. 288 UniTers.,1 Prayer, The, Poems, W. K. Azbell 706 Some, Rev. B. Pick, Ph.D ………….. 919 Voice from the Field, ,A,Rev. D. McGiI- Rapid Growth of Asiatic Popnlations, Rev. vary …………………………… 325 William Ashmore, D.D …………….. 123 Waldensian Chnrch, It. Mission, Pastor J. Recent Audience with Emperor of China, P. Pons ………………………….. 201 B. C. Alterbury, M.D ………………. 681 Woman'. Work for Woman, Dr. Arthnr Sherwood, Rev. J.M.,Obituaryof,:Editorial. 1 Systematic Giving ………. ………….. 3 Mitchel ………………………….. 410 Stanley and Livingstone, Editorial….. …. 4 Wonderfnl I,ife Boat, A, Captain E. C. Siam, Letter From, Rev. Robert Irwin…… 60 Student Volunteer's Convention, CleTeland, How ……………………………… 452 White Fields, The, A..Woodmff, Esq……. 751 Maxwood Morehead ……………… 352 Y. P. S. C. E. and tlte Church, Rev. Dr. F. Stuckenburg and Berlin, Dr. Delavan L. E ..Clark ………………………….. 502 Pierson…………………………… 492 Young Folks, A Letter to the, F. E. Hos- kin ……………………………. 921 GENERAL INDEX.

(Not inclnding Literatnre of Missions and Authors.) PAGE PAaB 287, 775; Indians, 633; Mi••lon in Egypt, A. B. C. F. M., Summary of, 794; Anniver- 237,385; Mi••ionary Association, 235; Mis- saryat Minneapolis, 142, 688; Address of sions in Africa, 61, 552; Mi••ions, Aggre- President Geymonat …………………. 622 gate of, 632; American Presbyterian Church Canton, 633; Relations with AFRlCA.-Africa, Death of Mission- China, 614; Seamau'. Friend Society, aries Blantyre, 605 ; Univeuities' Mission, 773; S. S. Union, 543; Ammunition, Mis- 295; Africa and Bishop Tucker, 477 ; and sionary ………. …….. ……… .. …. 474 Bishop Tayler; Africa and the Bible, 715; Angola ……………………………… 582 Wahum., Race in, 294; Earth-Hnnger, Anglican Commnnion, 791 ; Chnrch Roman- 373; Partition of, 606, 633, 320; Bishop ism ………. , …………………….. 318 Taylor in, 633 ; Rum in, 77; Missions in, Anglo-Indian Temperance Association … 798 282,240; Basutoland, 714; Africa, North, Anatemy of Natural Life ………………. 594 603, 234; Africa, South, 604 ; Africa, East, Anniversary, Twenty-fifth, China Inland 312,955; Africa, Central, 604; British Mis- Mission ……………………………. 794 mle in,WestAfrica, 655; Bishop Smythles, Annual Convention of Free Church, Italy.. 629 605; Africa, 520; Difficultie. in North- Annnal Meeting, Kolhapur, 387; Interna- western, 605; Conference in West, 540; tional Missionary Union…………….. 611 Roman Catholic Missions in, 549 ; Lan- Anti·Slavery Conference ……………….. 556 gnages in, 240; Dutch Reformed Church Anti-Slave Trade Conference, Brnssels….. 222 ia Cape Colony, 153, 408 ; Africa, 226, 847 ; Arabian Mission, 234, 467; Keith Falconer. 319 Moravian Missions, 61 ; Magat., 711 ; Rom- Arabia, Persia, Turkey, Mohammedanism, ish Mi••ions, 126, 131; Woman's Work and the Greek Church ………………. 789 in, 231; General Mlssious in, 75, 126,619, 638 Are Mission Converts a Failure ……….. 63 Atlas of Dean Vahl ………………….. 705 African A.sociation of Germau Catholics, A Thonsand-fold More Mission Work Need- 9.1; Converts, 638; Heathenism, 458; ed ………………………………… 859 Girls Bought, 633 ; Gold·Coast, 714; Mis- Andience of Chinese Emperor. . …. . . .. . … 380 sionarIes, 478, 479, 540, 552 ; Railways…. 74 A USTHIA and the A. B. C. F. M……. 630 A USTRA LIA, The Black Fellows of… 461 " Age of Consent" Bill, Iridia, 480, 608, 770, 313 Australiau Aborigines, Mission to the.•…. 560 Agostino, Father …………………….. 152 Anstralian Ballot System ………………. 438 Ahmednagar.. .. .. . . .. … .. …. …. .. …… 610 Aztecs, Land of the ………………….. 228 Alaska, 19, 969; Presbyteriau Church, in, Baldwin, E. F., Letter from.. …….. …… 71 Balltn Race …………………………… 604 238, 819 ; Reformed Episcopal Church in, 288 Baptist Burman Mi.sion. . …………. 793 Alliances for Prayer.. . .. . .. . … ……….. 467 Baptist Centenary-Britain.. .. ………. 468 Alsace·Lorraine and its population ……… 550 Baptist Convention (South), Foreign Mis- AMERICA, Mound Builders of,301; Am· 8iQnB •.•• ~ ••• ~ ••• "!."; …………. , ••••••• ~ …… ~~ ericanBaptist Missionary Union, 639. 715; Bible Society, Seventy-fifth Annive..ary of, 632; Bible Socie'y, Report of, 788; Am- erican Board of MiB~ionsill Japan,7Rl, 793; ~,{arathi, India, 633; American BORrd, 235., PAGE PAGE Burman BIble ………………………… 292 Baptist Missions at Ongole………..•….. 557 Buddhism ………………………… 556, 394 Baptist Missions China….•……………. 799 Buddhism and Romanism (chart) ……… ' 381 Baptist Missionary Society, Briti.h …….. 796 Buying African Girl., by Missionaries…… 633 Baptists of Britain. . . . .. . • . • . . •. . . . . . . .. . .. 690 Cabman's Mission ……………………. 638 Baron Hirsch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. •. 542 Calfres……………………….. 604, 716, 714 Barnum, H. N., D.D., and Harpoot ……… 616 Call to New Prayer and Elfort.. . •• •. . .. … 567 Basel Mission, 714 ; in Cameroon, 606; Mis· Caldwell, Bishop …………………….. 610 Callaway, Bi.hop……………………… 154 sian Society. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. ……… n) Cameroon, Basil Mission in……………. 606 CANADA.-Canada Mi"sionary Society, Basel Society. . . . . . . . . . . . .. … . . . . . . . •. . . .. 872 Basutoland, French Missions in ……. ' …. 714 474; Presbyterian Mission, Formosa, 635; Basu tOB ……………………. " •••••. 604, 781 Methodist Churcb, 234 ; Episcopal. •…… 235 Bavaria……………………….. ' ……. 873 Canadian Baptist, Telugu…………….. 771 Bedouin Arabs ………………………. 687 CANTON, 633; Dr. Keys at …………. 549 Beer Product…………. . . .. .. . . .•. •.. . . .. 712 CAPE COLONy ………………….. 791 Bennett, Mrs.. . . . . . . . . . . . … . … .. … … . . .• 619 Carey, William and N. Bengal. .•…..•. 690, 844 Belden, Rev. William H……………….. 380 CAROLINE ISLANDS ………….. 219 Benevolence, Systematic……………… 5:3 Catholicism, Roman, in France ….•…..•. 294 Belgium…………………………… 873 Catholics, French ……………………. 601 Belgium, Protestantism in… .. ……..590, 629 Censns of India ……………………… 717 Bengal and William Carey…. …………. 690 Chapel Car in Minnesota ………………. 71 Bengal, Catholic Missions in .••…•••••.••. 629 Chepoo, China … . . . .. .. . . . . .. .. .. ….. 1100 Berlin Missionary Society. . . . . • . . • . … . . … 604 Children of Missionaries……………… ~94 Bemard"Professor, and the Sparrow. . . . . .• 87 CHINA, 148, 144, 295, 308, 311; Mission- Bhutan ……………………………… 718 ary Map of, 380; Hankow, 456; Compres- Bible and Tract Society, Bnrmah ••..•.•. ,.. 608 sion of Feet in, 225; One Thousand more Bible in Africa. • . .. . . .•.. .. …………… 715 Missionaries for, 348; Disturbance in, 851, Bible Society in India ………. ' ………. 712 858,956; Inland Missions, 956 ; 'Dr. Glover Bible Translations …………………….. 715 on Mi••ions In, 956; Inland MiSSion, Shang- Bishop Tucker.. . .. .. . .. .• ……••……… 477 hai, 232, 385, 620, 794 ; American Relations Blackstone, W. E., The Jews …………… 305 with, 614; Japan and, 523; and Corea, Blantyre Africa… …………………… 605 212; Persecution in, 639; Medical Mis- Blyth, Blahop……… . …. … . . . . . . . . . . . .. 554 sions in, 556; Inundation near Kentsin, Book Notices, …………….. 220, 303, 378, 703 1~3 ; Missions in, 232, 552; Dr. Mitchell's Booth, General. and LondonPoor ………. 66 Visit to, 239 ; Dr. Alexander Williamson, Borneo, Rhenish Miss. Society's Complaint. 845 143; Chefoo, 600; Christian Colleges in, Brahmanism, Advance of..•…•..••..••..•. 610 634; Baptist Missions in, 799; and Mis- Brahmin'8 Prayers. . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . …. 785 sionaries, 716 ; Norwegian Lutherans, Brahmo Somaj. . • . .. . . . . …. . . . . .. .. .. .. …. 131 720; Southern Presbyterians, 716; Riots Branch Mission on the Zambesi. . . . .• . . . .•. 606 in, 700; English Presbyterian Chnrch Brave Monntain Girl. . .. . • … . . . . . .•… ..•.. 759 in …………………………………. 714 Brotherhood of the Sea……………….. 637 CHINESE Costume, 226; Worshippers, Brnssels Treaty…….. '" ……………. 614 A Glance at, 531; Valuable Literature, Brnssels Treaty, United States Attitude to. 639 602; Mi.sions to, 225; in America.. ,545, 791 Brazil, 556, 633; M. E. Church in ………. 633 CHRISTIAN Church Disciples, 234; Britain, Wesleyans ..•…. ,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 631 Colleges in China, 634; Evolution, Prof. British and Foreign Bible Society.. . . . . . . .. 796 Drummond on, 67; Melas ……………. ~9 British Contributions, 630 ; to.Foreign Mis- CHURCH Missionary Society, 97, 607, sions …………. , ………………… 236 688, 689, 764, 796; of Scotland, 275, 872 ; British Contributions to Foreign Missions of Scotland Benevolences, 690; of Scot· in 1889 ………… :. ….. . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. .. 340 land, Foreign Missions of. . . . . . . • . . . . . . .. 714 British Empire, Size of•• , ……..•……. 130 Churches and Missions, Relation to one British Foreign ,Missionary Bocieties..•… 476 another…. …. ..•.. …… …. …. ….. … 65 British Foreign Missions …….•………. 955 Clough, Dr. J. E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541 British Foreign Mission Notes, 876, 878; College of Central Turkey……….••…•. 559 Colleges, Day of Prayer for .••.•……•…. 819 Bolten …………………………… 794 Colonization of J ows ……… '" .. … ….. 636 British Medical Missions……….. 689,690,713 Commerce, Mi••ions and .. :…………… 640 Britillh Misrule in West Africa …………. 555 Compression of Feet in China…. , ……… 225 British Society for Propagation of Gospel Conference, Anti·Slave Trade, at Brussels.. ~2 Conference in West·Africa…………….. 540 among Jewe ………………………. 872 Conference, Shanghai. ………………. 379 British We.leyans in Mashonaland. .. ….. 716 Confession in Japan …………………… 558 BroLkett, Dr. L. P., Letter from . . . . . . . . . . . . 541 Confucius, 147, 716; and Cllri"t ………… 451 Brooklyn, Church Property in. '" ………. 9W Bnlletin, Monthly ……………… 314,879,880 BUfmah Bible a nd Tract Sodety, 608 ; Ran- goon, 619 ; Upper Burmah……•.••.••••• 392 PAG"R: PAGE CONGO, 80, ~79, 873; Missions on, 607, Fifty Years a Missionary Seoretary.. ……. 78 716, 8.31 ; Missions on and in Angola, ()07; Figueras, Spain ……. … …………… 2:l9 Rum on…. …. ……. … ….. … . … 4G8 FIJI GROUP …………………. 631, 717 Florence, Evangelical Alliance …………. 622 CONGO FREE STATE, 001, 607, Foreign Lanus, Home and …………….. 551 78:3, 796 j and its Mi~8ion!i, 95.)"; Swedish ForeIgn Missionary Societies of the United Mission, 549; and Roman Catholics .. . '" 7R3 Rtates . ….. . ………………. … 476 Constantinople, New Church Edifice in . 619 Foreign Missionary Societies of Great Contributions to Foreign Missions in 1889, Britain . ………………………….. " 476 British. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 340 Foreign S. S. Asitociation .. " . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 751 Contributions for English Church Missions. 534 Formosa, Mackay of ………….. 0 •••••••• 470 Contributors, A Word to………………. 62 Fourteen Years of Earth Hunger in Africa.. 873 Continental Missions ………… " ……… 845 FRA.NCE.-Missionaries, 024, 6~9; Converts, First, of Matcbeles ………….. 606 Corea and China ..•. '.. . …•.•..•………. 212 Roman Catholicism in, 294; Religion, Covenant, Solemn League and.. . . . . … 860, 861 Condition of…….•………………… 127 Crisis of Missions, The……………. . .•. 227 Freedmen and Roman Catholics …….. '" 551 Cross·Bearers, Missionary Reading Circles. 912 Free Chut'eh of Scotland Missions, 232; Crowther, Bishop ……•……..•……. , " 607 Foreign Missions . ……. 00 0… 0……… 798 Crusade, Signal Cry of the New ………… 537 French Evangelization ..•… , .•…………. 580 Cultivation of Missions …….•……….. , 307 French Misoions, Basutoland…………… 714 Danish Missions………… •••……….. 630 French Missions and Rev. Dr. McAn…•… 383 Dead Sea, Giving ••…•……..••……… 640 French Missionaries in Lessuto. … ,. " …. 6Ot) Debts of Boards ……………………..•• 712 French Protestants, 8J3, 846 ; Congress of. Deep Sea Fisherman's Missions ..•……..• 636 in Paris ……………………………. 2:18 Denmarl_, Romau Catholics in…………. 6~9 French Students, not Voltairians ………. 8~5 Denominational Outlay….. . ………….. 632 French, Bishop Thomas V ……………. 780 Denominational Contributions to Missions. 550 Frere, Sir Bartle, on Christianity………. 769 Denominations in this Country. . .. . . . . . . . .. 233 Friends, Contributions of, 631; Missions Difficulties in North·We.tern Africa ……. 605 or, 686; English ……………………. 460 Division. on Roman Catholic Church …… 686 Gaboon and Corsico. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 79:1 Doshisha University at Kyoto ………….. 558 Geddie, John, Beantifnl Epitaph to……. 61 Drummond, Prof., on Christian Evolution, 67 German Mi"sionary Societies …•…..••… 631 Dublin, Society for the Propagation of the (~ERMA.NY. and the Liqnor Traffic, 616; giving, 6:10; and Roman Catholic Gospel …………..•………………. 637 Missions. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. …….. 607 Dntch, Java and the. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 460 Geymonat, President, Address of……….. 622 Dntch Reformed Chnrch, Cape Colony, 153, 408 (living, The Dead Sea…………………• 640 East Indies ………..•..••…•.••…… 706, 929 Giving in Ceylon ….••••…… " .•… " …. 240 Educational Work ………………….. 608 Gordon, Rev. E. C., furlongh of, from Edncatlon in India, 1<8,320; of Women, Uganda …………..••……………… 955 Gossner's, Pastor, Mission …………….. 551 640; and Religion, 129, 131; in Japan … 238 Greek Chnrch, Mohammedanism and, Per- Eglise Missionaire BeIge………. . …… 629 sia, Arabia, Turkey ……………. " … 786 EGYPT, L. D. Wishard in, 631; The Greenland …………•….••………..•••• 456 Gniness, Miss Lucy………..•………… 560 United Presbyterian Chnrch in, 607; Mis· Hahitations of Cruelty •…..•• . …•…•• 226 sions in, 385; Egypt… ….. ………… 960 Hamlin, Dr. Cyrus ….•……•….•…….. 619 Ellinwood, F. F. Lectnres at New York… 303 Hankow, China. '.' …………..••..•….. 456 Encyclopedia, New Missionary ………… 303 Hannin!!:ton's, Bishop, Bone•…•.•……. 218 England, Wesleyan Chnrches ….•…..•.. 792 Happer, Rev. Dr…….•……•…••.•…80, 379 English Baptist Missionary Societie., 690 ; Harpoot, Tnrkey, and N. Barnum, D.D….. 616 Presbyterian Churches in China and In_ Harpoot, Tnrkey.. . . . . . .. …•….•..•.•.•• 873 dia, 715 ; Universities' Mission, The, 554; Hawaiian Evangelistic Association …•…. 549 Church Missions, Contribution for, 554; Hawaiian Islands.•.•……………….871, 466 Wesleyan Missionary Society, 313; Hebrew Christian Conference at Chicago… 223 " Friend~," .. . . . . .. ………………… 460 Hiuduism. . . . . . . . . . . . . .• . .•…••…… 636, 1~8 Epitaph 10 John Geddie… •. ….•• …….. 64 Hirsch, Baron, and the Jews .•.••….. 642, 157 Evanielicai Alliance, Florence…•….. 622, 812 Hiroshima, Japan ………••…….••••..•. 287 Enngelical Association ……..•….•…… 234 Holland and Slave Trade…….. .•……… 76 Evangelistic Association, Hawaiian…….. 549 Home and Foreign Lando. . . .. ..•……… :151 Evangelization, 210; New Testament Hong KonJ:( and the Bible…………..••• 716 Teaching. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 608 Honor Roll of Methodist Missionaries …… 220 Evangelization, French…. . . . . . . • . . . . . . . .. 580 Hormaz<1ji Peestonji, Death of…………. 834 Excuses for Extravagance. . . . ••• .. ……. 862 Hospitals ……………….. " ………. " 9[)0 Extracts, etc……… " . . .•. . . . .• . . . . . . . . .. 845 Hnguenots, A few pages from History of..• 51"4 Extravagance, Excuses for .••………….. 862 Falconer, Keith, Arabia ……… '" ……. 319 Female Education, Society for Promoting.. 794 PAGE PAGl!: Huguenot>, France……………………. 474 Je,nit Catechism, An Old ……………… 939 JEWS, 305, 625, 542, 946; Uu,"ian, 305, 542; Human Race …………………… , …… 474 at Oueesa, 78; EvangeHzation or, gOO; IInngarian Jews ……. _ …………. 717 Hnngarian, 717; British Society for Prop agation of Gospel among the, 872; and Iberian Peoples, Misl'3ions to…… . . . . . . . .. 8t:1 Vitmlla, 294; and Baron Hirsch, 157, 54~ ; RusFla and the, 220; and Palestine, etc., Iceland ……………………………. 5;). 239, 480, 5~5t 636, 720 Idolatry in India ……………………… 2,10 Jewish PopUlation of the Globe ……. , .. ,. 712 ~Toues, Rev. T. German ………………… 155 U In Darkest England"…………….. '" 2'24 Jpallsi, ….. , .. ,_ …………………….. 717 Kali, Hymn to.. .. … ..,………………. 687 INDIA, Outlook in, 615, ';'00; 'l'innevelly, Karachi (India), Seaman's Rest at .,",.' .. 768 Karclls, Missions among. '" ………….. 388 631; Marriage of Girls in, 608; Census Kaslllnir …. ….. " .. 132, 7GB 'O ••••••••••••••••• Kerr, Dr., at Canton …………….. , …. 549 of, 635, 717; Bible Society in, 712; Mar Khama, King , ……………………….. 606 Kolhapur Mb.ion, Annual Meeting, .. , … 387 riage Law in, 691, 2:J8; Southern, 631; Korean Missions…. . . .. …………. 708, 719 'Vornen in, 6:35; Salvation Army. 7'1'7; lIn- Kyoto, Doshbha University at ….•……. 558 Lagos, Mohamnedans …. , …………….. 465 rathi,633; WcstSnndn I,lands, 68S; Wld- Land of the Azt.ecs.. .. .. .. .. .. .. …. …… 228 Lantern Slides and Missions.. …. … .. .. 390 ow's Union, 635; National C01lgrefis of, Languages in Africa………………… . 24Q Lapses in Mission Lands …………….. _. 774 178; Telugu Bapti"t Church in, 718; Col. Ol- Lavigerie, CardinaL… .. .. …. . _……. 75, 688 Leo XIII. and Roman Catholics, …….. " 714 cott in, 687; English Presbyterian Church Lepers in India…. ' .. , …… ' …….. 717,797 Les8uto, French Missionaries in .. , …….. 605 in, 714; Malayan Mission, 768; JIar- Letters from Mrs. Grace Stott, 784; from J.

athi Mission in, 770. ~ 71; North ]Ictho- Hndson Taylor, 386; from Rev. Marshall Lang, of Japan, 49"1; from Rev. Dr. Steele, dist Episcopal C,.nfercnce in, 771 , India, Sydney, 560; from E. F. Baldwin., …. ,' 71 Liberia …. ' ……………….. ' …. …. .. 607 770, 873; Idolatry in, 240; Scotch Mis- Uddon, Canon……………………. … 80 Liquor Traffic in U. S ……….. ,….. _614, 616 aions to, 129; Reaction of llcathenism Literature, Chinese, Valnation of ………. 602 Literatnre, Missionary ..•. '" . . .. . .. ' .•..• 390 in, 770; U. P. Church in, 771; Missions, Liverpool, Scandinavian Mission in .. , …. , 232 Livingstone and Mackay ……….. ' … ' … 606 Will. Carey, 8!4; Women in, 951; Dr. J.ivillgstone's MetllOds, ……….. , ….. _.. 607 Livingstonia Free Church, Scotland….. ". 792 Pentecost on, 387; Inelia, 295, 308, 311, Livingstonia Mission, Andrew C. Murray… 70 London Mission Society, 795; Ninety- 313,460,480, 521, 557; We.leyan Mis.ions Seventh Anniversary ……… , ……… 795 London Poor and General Booth .• " •… . . . . 66 in, 223; Dr. Pentecost in, 182, 557 ; Edu- London Society for Promoting Christianity among the Jews ……………… , …….. 795 cation of Women in, 640; Education in, Los Angeles Presbytery…. .. …………. 567 Lowrie, Dr., Resignation of… , ••••….•..• 380 128, 129, 131, 320 ; Hindnism, 125: Future Loundie, Rev. James …… , ……………. 155 Lutheran Church .. , ………………….. 475 High Caste in, 931; Inflnence of Pariah Lutheran Chnrch, Statistics of….•••• '" . • 233 Lntherans ' …….. ' ……………… ' …. 156 Christians in,… .. … .. …… '………. 933 Lntherans in U. S ………. ' … ' ….. , …. 794 Lutherans, Evangelical, and Foreign Mis- Indian Children and Gift•…. ' •… ,…….. 68 sions ………………………………. ';'13 Ll1tteroth, M. Hmri………………….. 61 Indian Convention, North Methodist Epi8- Mackay, A. M…. …………… .. .. 154, 447 Mackay and Livingstone……………….. 606 copal Chlll'ch ……. , ……….. ',…… 239 Mackay of Uganda ………………… 304, 468 1tlackay of Formosa", …………….. , … 470 Indians, North American", .. 819, 358, 545, ,'91 Madagascar …………….. , …… 558,687, 959 McAll,872; Work, 97; Missions, 295, 455, Indians, Roman Catholics and … ,…….. 73 628,846 Inglis, Rev. John, D,D., New Hebrides., … 78.3 IMtrnments and Agents ………………. 117 Intolerance, Rnssia, ………………….. 238 Inviting Pnblic Speakers.. " …….. , …… 390 Inundation, Tientsin, China. . " ….. . …. 153 Irish Presbytt'rilln Church ……. , ….. " .. , 764 Is Japan Fickle,.. .. …….. ', ………… 781 Islands of the Sea…………………….. 546 ITAL Y. 76, 624, 629, 718; Free Church in, 629, 713; Methodist Episcopal Church in, 630; Southern Baptists in, 680; Gospel Work in, 312, 713; and Bible, 792, 846 Items of Intelligence …………… , …. 72, 74 Jaesehke, Henry A ……….. ' …… , …… 459 Jamaica Presbyterian Church, 714; United Presbyterian Chnrch.. ,…….. .. .. …. 458 .TAPAN. 76, 308-11, 466,558, 636, 78t, ,93, 794, 850 ; Confession in, 588; Missions in, 239, 588 ; Missions in fo lf90, 552; Letters from Rev. Marshall Lang of, 495; Rus- sian Missionaries in, 519 ; Hiroshima, 287; Passports, etc., 718, 719; Temples, 714; D,·. W. E. Griffis on, 718; Girls' School, Kobe, 701; Cumberland Presbyterian Church in, 715; Missions in 707, 711; Rum in, 238; Education in, 238; and China, 523; Bible Trimslation in, …… ,. 941 Japanese in America…. .. ……………. 545 JAVA,308-11, 456; and the Dutch …… 460 Jeru~alem, 5~ ; Jews in" ……. "…….. 931 PAGE PAGJa McAIl Missions and M. Saillells ………… 223 McAll, Rev. Dr., and French Missions …… 383 Mission, New, to the Central Soudan …… 555 McAuley, Rev. Alex., Death of………… 2~4 Mi••ion. in Egypt …………………….. 385 McCabe, Chaplain, and World·Wide Mis- Missions in Japan, 558; for 1890……….. 552 Missiolls among the Karens …………… 388 sions ……………………………… 383 Missiolls in Mexico …….. 549, 558 _0 ••••••••• Making God Partner …………………. 609 Mi••ion. New Hebrides……………. .. .. 560 Malayan Mission, Iudia………………. 768 Mis.ions on the Niger. .. . .. .. …… ……. 554 Manchuria…………………………. 558 Mi.sioll ou the Zambesi, Branch………. 606 Maples, Archdeacon ………………….. 312 Missions and Lantern Slides………….. 390 Marathi Mission, India ……………… 770. 771 Mission Maps and Charts …. '" …•…..386, 941 Marriage of Girls. India. 608; Marriage Mission, Pastor Gosner's ………………. 551 Mitchell's, Dr. Arthur, Visit to China …… 239 Law in India… .. ………………. 691 Madagascar. .. .. . .. .. . .. … … 76. 125, 233, 480 Marriage Laws in India ……………….. 238 Mohammed and Mohammedanism.. . . … .. 743 Mashonaland …………………….. 554, 716 Mohammedanism and the Greek Church, Matebeles. First Converts of ………….. 607 Materialism in.incere……. ………….. 97 Persia, Arabia, Turkey…… …. .. …… 786 Medical Missions ……………………. 709 Mohammedans efMorocco……………… 603 Medical Missions, China, 556; British, 689, Mohammedan., Lagos …………………. 465 Monthly Bulletin..77, 159, 233, 314, 556, 633, 690, 713 MeIne …………………………… 295. 459 715, 879 Methodist Church, Canada ………… … 2M Moody Institute, Chicago…………….. 320 Methodist Church. England, Primitive….. 792 Moravians …………..78.457,459,475,795, 845 Methodist Episcopal Chnrch and Miss., 205 ; MOI'avian Missions …………………. 240 Moravian Missions in Africa….. ………. 61 in Brazil. 633; in N. China ………….. 715 Moravian Work in Thibet, Mrs. Bishep …. 766 Methodist Episcopal Church, U. S., 800; Mormonism and the Mormon…………… 545 Morocco and Mohammedans…… … .. .. 603 Financial Pesslbilities of……………. 632 Monument to John Williams …………… 2'.1l Methodist Episcopal Church, South, 233 ; Mound Bnilders of America ……………. 801 Muller, George……………………….. 680 705, 793, 845 Methodist Episcopal Church. North …….. 233 Murdock, Mr., Resignation of………….. 380 . Methodist Episcopal Conference, N. India, MW8nga. King, and Slavery …………… "78 239, 771 Narayan Shishadri, Death of.. .. ……… 834 Methodist Jubilee. Welsh ……………… 553 National Bible Society of Scotland……601, 713 Methodist Soc., Primitive, Britain …….. 794 National Indian Congre……………….. 718 Methodist Protestant Church, 475; Mis- Native Christians in Future, Relative sions of.. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. … … ………. 714 Standing of…………… …………… 931 Methodist Missionaries, Honor Roll of….. 220 Native tl8. European Costume ………….. 131 Methods, Livingstone's……………….. 607 Needed, A Thousandfold More Mission Mexico, 228, 549, 558; Cumberland Church Work ……………………………… 859 in ………………………………… 715 New Guinea ……………………715, 719, 951 Minnesota, Chapel Car Ill. .. .. .. … … .. • .. 71 New Hebrides Mission …………. 560, 845, 959 Misrule in Africa, British .. ………….. 555 New Hebrides, Rev. John Inglis, D.D…… 783 Missionaries, Distribution of. . . . . …. .. . … 73 New Testament on Evangelization…….. 608 Ilflssionary Ammunition ………………. 474 New York City Mission Work…………. 950 Missionary Collections…. . ………… … 74 Ngamiland …………………………… 799 Missionary Lecture Ships……………… 381 Niger, 479, 554; Mission. on, 607; Rev. J. Missionary Literature …………………. 390 Missionary Map, Ribbon ……………… 533 A. Robinson.. .. .. .. … . …………….. 799 Missionary Map of China.. .. . … …. …… 380 Nineteenth Centennial of Chri.tianity•••••. 534 MissionlU'Y Review of the World, Succes8 Noble Giver, A………………………. 455 Non-Evangelical Churches…………….. 91 of…………………………………. 621 North American Indians ……………819, 558 Missionary'. Shoes, The ………………. 288 North Carolina, Men Needed in ………… 697 Missionary Societies, 73, 8§(), 891; Compar- Northfield, Mass., Student'. Summer ative Tables……….. .. … 874, 875, 952-95" School. ……………………………. 702 Missionary Society, Berlin……………. 604 Norwegian Lntheran China MiSl!ion …….. 720 Missionary Society, Canada ……………. 474 Notes, British, for Mislions………..876-878 Missionary Training Institute. .. .•. . . . . . . .. 307 Nyasa-Land ………………………….. 553 Mission Boards, Associate…………….. 941 Odessa, Jews at……………. ……….. 18 Missions and Commerce………………. 640 Olcott, Colonel. .. .. . .. .. …. .. . .. .. … ….. 687 Mission Converts .. Failnre.. …… .. …….. 63 Opium Trade, Society for Suppression of, Missions of the English Universities……. 554 Missions, Foreign, British Contributions to, 340 764; Curse, 508; Traffic, 219, 304. 525, Missions, French, and Rev, Dr. McAIl …… 383 603, 608 Missions in Africa ……………………. 232 Missions to Deep Sea Fishermen……….. 636 Organized Missionary Work……. …….. 349 Mission. in China……………………. 552 Oroomiah. PQrsia …. …. .. ……N ……. 616 PAGE PAGE Ougale, Baptist Mission at.••.•…•….549, 557 Radcliffe. Reginald, on Evangelization…. 240 Outlook in India ……….•….•………. 615 Railways. African……………. ………. 74 Paganism, Christianized…•…•………… 535 Reformed Church of U. S ……………… 234 PALESTINE, 959; and Jews, 239, 480, Reformed Episcopal Church in Alaska…… 238 Reformed Church Missions.. . . . .. . …….. 240 636, 693; and English Church Misoionary Relation to one Another, Churcbes and Societies, 712, 792; Church Friction in…. 554 Papal Europe, 624-629 ; Population of….. 629 Mi.sions…….. ……… …….. ….. … 65 P ABIS. Congress of French Protestants Religion and Education in India …….. 129, 131 in ….•.•….•.••………••…………. 238 Religion, Symbols of…. ……………….. 87 Partition of Africa ………………… 320, 633 Religlou. Attitude ot Chinese Mind……. 296 Partnership with Christ. .. …. . •…••••.. 470 Remarkable Farewell, Dr. J. E. Clough….. 548 Partnership with God in Giving. … ……. 609 Report of American Bible SocIety………. 783 Pastor Go••ner'. Mission……………… 551 Republicanism in France. . . . . . . ..• . . . . . .. .. 762 PA·..AGONIA …………………….. 639 Re.ignation of Dr. Lowrie ……………… il80 Pau]'s Creed ………………………… 638 Revival, Telugu……………………… 4611 Penzottl, Release of, 465; Imprisonment Ritualism and Romanism …. . .. . . . . . .. . . . . 65 of………………………………… 302 Roman Catholics, 80 ; and Indians. 73 ; and Pentecost, Rev. Dr. G. F., 635,636,718; in India ………………….. 182, 387, 470, 557 Freedmen, 551 ; Congo Free State and… 783 PERSIA .. ………………… 719, 957, 960 Roman Catholic Church. Divisions in, 686 ; Persia, Arabia, Turkey, Mohammedanism and the Greek Church……………….. 786 nnder Leo XIII…………… …. …. …. 714 Persia, Oroomiah ……. '" … •. …. .. …. … 616 Roman Catholic Mi••ion. in Africa ……… 549 Persecntion in China…………………… 639 Roman Catholic Mission. in Bengal. 629 ; In Personal Word….. ..•. •.. . …………… 860 Peters, Dr.• and Stanley……………….. 607 Denmark.. .. .. ……. . .. .. . .. •… ……. 629 Philipson. Dr. Edith Pechey……………. 560 Rom"" Catholic MI••lon., 949 ; Germany .. 607 Philpott, Mr•. S•• Letter from…. . . •. ….. 541 Roman Catholocism……………. . ….. 78 Pins IX. and Jule. Simon………………. 601 Romanism and Buddhism (Chart) •.••..• . .. 381 Pierson. D. L., Letter from……… ..•….. 67 Romanism in Anglican Church… , .•••… 318 Planting Trees In India …………………. 608 Romani.m and Ritualism. .•. .•.. ………. 65 .. Polynesian" Society, A ………………. 95, Romani.t Mis.ions …………………. 126. 131 Population lu Cities……………………. 239 Rum ill. Japan, 238; in Africa, 79 ; on Con- Practical Cure for Skepticism.. ………. .. . 64 Prayer for Missions…………………….. 256 go …………………………………. 468 Prayer·Union, Proposed ……………….. 741 Rou.sel, Napoleon…………………….. 628 Presbyterian Church inAlaska………….. 238 RUSSIA, Population of, 712; and Prot- Presbyterian Church, Canada …………… 793 Presbyterian Church. North…………….. 793 estantism, 550 ; Translation., 479 ; " Stun· Presbyterian ChUl'ch, U. S. (North), and dist" and Intolerance………………… 2:38 Foreign Mi••ions …. .. .. … ………… 715 Rus.lan Jew………………………. 220 305 Presbyterian Foreign Mis.ions, U. S. Rus.lan Missionaries in Japan ………….. 519 (North), Woman's Board …………….. %3 Salllens, Monsieur R.. the McAl! Work …. 223 Pressing Needs… .•. . ………………… 616 Salvation Army. 66. 233. 792; Italy. 312; Pres. in Heathen Lands…………………. 135 Twenty·.ixth Anniversary, 949, India …. 717 Press, Libertv of, in Turkey…………….. 157 Samoa. …………………….. .. … 158, 958 Proposed Exposition of Missions at Chi· Sargent, Bishop……………………… 610 cago ……………………………….. 534 S(JANDINA VIA …. ………………. 720 Prospectu. for 1891. .. … ……………… 62 Scandinavian Mis.ions in Liverpool…. .. .. 232 Prote.tant Church In Prus.ia…..•……… 550 Scarritt Bible Training School for Mi.sion- Protestant Church. Methodi.t …………. 475 ary Worker… . . . . .. . . . . … … .. .. …. . … 958 Protestantism in Belgium ……………… 590 Scoteh Continental Missions, 293; Missions Protestantism. Russia and……. •….•…. 350 in India …………………………… 129 Protestantism, St. Peter.bnrg and ….. ,. . .. 550 SCOTLAND.-Mr. Quarrier. 318; U. P. Protestant Episcopal Church, 792 ; Mi.sions. 235 Church,457 ; Church of, 872; Young Men's Protestant Mi••ions. 126; Summary Re- Guild of. the. 225; Free·Church Foreign suite of…………………………….. 638 Mission•• 798 ; Free Church of. 673; Mis· Protestant Mis.ion. in Spain. . . .. …. . . . . .. 553 .ions………………………….. 232,550 PRUSSIA, Prote.tant in…………… 550 Scottish DI.establishment…….•………. 143 Publication Societies …………………. 950 Seaman'. Friend Society… … ……….. 773 Public Speaker., Inlting……………… 390 Seaman'. Rest at Karachi, India………… 768 Pundlta Ramabai ……………. 139, 700, 717 Secunderbad. IDdia…. .. … ………….. 76 PUNJAB ……………………….. 639 Self· Sacrifice ………………………… 808 Rabinowitch……. ……………………. 64 Seward, Dr. Sara C…. ………. … ……. 717 Sball we have Another Missionary Confer- Bace, Ho.mau,.,., •.•.• , ……………….. 474 ence? ……………………………… 526 SHANGHAI, 620; China Inland Mis- sion. 385; Conference, 379; and Confu- cius ………………………………. 716 flhemmas Weel>~a of Moslli•.•.•……….. ,5' PAGE PAGE Sheshadri, ReT. Dr: Narayan, Death of ….. ·soo Tientsin, China, Inundation……….. 153 Shoe". The Missionary's ………•………. 288 Times, New York, Letter to. ………. …. 928 SIBERIA. . . .. . .. . ……… ……. .. 957 Sydney, Letters from the Rev. Dr. Steele… 560 Tinnevelly, India …………………….. 631 tJignal Cry of the New Crusade…………. 537 Sites, Healthy, Central Africa ……•……. 604 TOKIO, Japan……………………… 794 S.ize of British Empire………•.•………. 130 Skepticism, Practical Care for ……..•…. M Total Abstinence… ………………….. 542 Slanry,75; and King Mwango ………… 478 Slave Trade, Holland and… .• . . . . • . • . . • • . . . 76 Town of Churches, Editor's…. .. …….. 63 SMYRNA …………………………. 559 Smythies, Bishop, 75 : Africa ..•.•…•.•… 605 Tract Society, Burma Bible and ……….. 608 Societe des Missions Evangelique•……… 872 Society tor Promoting Female Edncation .. 794 Training Institute, Missionary …………. 307 Society for Propagation of Gospel, 630, 797; Trinidad ……………………………… 558 Dnblin …………………………….. 637 Society for Snpprc"ion of Opium Trade… 764 Tucker, Bishop…………….. ..318, 477, 715 Solemn League and Covenant ……… 860, 861 Soudan, New Mi••ion to the Central, 555: TURKEY, 79, 559; Liberty of Press, Pioneers.. .. . . . .. .. .. .. … .. .. . . . • . . •• . . .. 256 157 ; Native Christians in, 933 ; Harpoot. Sonthern Baptists (U. S.)……………… 632 SPAIN, Gospel in, 583, 624, 629, 704: 616 ; Harput,873; Dictionary on, 720 ; Per- Protestant Missions in, 553, 630 ; Spain sia, Arabia, and Mohammedanism lLIld the Figueras. • . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. …. .. . . . . . . … 259 Spiritnal Atmosphere. ……. ……… ….. 87 Greek Church. '" … …….. …….. ..•• 786 Stanley, H. M., 127, 638; Rear Gwnd, 223; Dr. Peters and, 607; Mr. Fred. J ……… 386 Turkey College, Cell.tral ……………….. 559 Statistics, Lack of Information ……….. 306 Statistics of the Lntheran Chnrch ……… 223 TV8KALOOSA, Mission to Dark Con- Steamer for the Conu;o ………… . …… 553 tinent ………………………….. 156 Stebbins, Mr. and Mrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470 Steele, Rev. Dr. (Sydney, N. S. W.), Letters Uganda, 555, 683, 799; Bishop Tucker in, from the …….., . . .. . .. .. … .. . .. . . . … 560 78,318,715 : Mackay of, 304, 468; Wars .. 6U5 Stott, Mrs. Grace, Letter from. . . . .• . . . . . . .. 784 St. Petersbnrg and Protestantism ……… 550 Unemployed Native AgenCies in Heathen Stndent Volunteers, 132, 697: Summer SChool, Northfield, 702; Volunteer Con- Lands …………………………….. 221 vention at Cleveland. . . . . .••• ……….. 559 Union Mi~siollary Society, Woman's•… '" 551 Stundist, Ruosia. …………………….. 637 United Brethren…. . ………………… 620 Summary Resnlts of Protestant Missions.. 638 United Methodi,t Free Church …..•……. 553 SVNDA ISLANDS, W. Indies……… 688 United States Attitude to Brussels Treaty, ~urplus Wealth ………………………. 134 Swedish Congo Mi.sions ………………• 549 639 ; Foreign lfls,ionary Society of, 476 . SWITZERLAND and giving ……… 630 Symbols of Religion……. ……………. 87 Reformed Church of…………. … . .. .' 234 Symposinm on Missions……………….. 227 Universities' .Mission, Africa, 295: The Eng- SYRIA, 475, 476, 740, 943, 958: People "" and Religion.. . . . . . . ….. . ………….. 445 lish ……………………………….. 5M Sy.tematic Benevolence…. …… . .. '" 559 University at Kyoto, Do"hisha. . ……..• 5.';R SYitematic Giving, Henry Thornton and … 340 U. P. Church, India, 771; Scotland, 236, Taylor, Bishop William ……………. 79, 633 Taylor, J. Hndson, Letter from…. " ……. 386 ~4a~mtaAiic~a~~(n1819;1:),. ~.~.~.i.;o.~l.1.~..t.·.8.~..Y.I.~.:..I.~.~..d 939 Telugu Baptists. … …. . .. . . . . .. .. . .. . . . .. 718 Tclugu, Canadian Baptist………………. 771 Upper Burmah ……………………… 392 Tclugus, 460, 7gg; Revival, 469: Dr. J. E. UTAU, 871 : and Mission Schools. … . .. 793 Clough amotlg, 959; A Remarkable Fare- Uzbek Translations …………………… 4,'9 well ………………………………. 54 Vahl, Dean, and Atlas. .•. ………. .•.. 705 Temperance Association, Anglo-Indian ….. 798 Ten 'l'housand Additional lIn"sionaries …. 141 Vienna v. •Jews ………………………. 294 Texas Baptist Missionary Work … , …….. 1,,3 Thibet. .•. .. . .• . .. . . . … .. … . ….. 150, 239, 9:8 Valley of Death ………………………. 107 Thoburn, Bishop ………………….. 619, 718 Wahuma Race…. ……. ..••• .• ……. 294 Thompson, Sir Rivers. . … …… . ……. 4,,8 Waldenses and Missione ….•..•.520,549, 629 Thornton, Henry, and Systematic Giving…. 340 Waldensian Church…. ……………….. 61 Tibet, Moravian Work ln, Ml's. lli:-h(}1;l ….. 7GI) War, Cost of …….. …•…. … . ……. 79. 712 Wars, Uganda and…. .. ……. …… . •.. 605 Wealth and its Distribution. .. . . .. . .•. . . . .. 720 Welsh Calvinistic Metbodist Jubileo …… 553 Waers;lreySaonciCehtyu,rcBhreiStjsEhn, g7la9n6d; ,E7n92g:liMshi,ss8io1n3-; MIssioris in India, 223; MiSSIOnary So- ciety …………… '" …•………..•. 76, 156 Wesleyens, British…………………… 631 White, Rev. Wellington J ……………… 782 Wilder, Rev. G., Letter from …..•.•.•….. 619 William.on, Dr. Alex., China ………….. 143 Williams, John, Monument to ..•….. , …. 2ft7 Wishard, L. D ……………….. _•••..• 534 Women in India ………..L ………….. 635 Women's Missionary Society United Breth- ren, 620 ; Board of Presbyterian Forei~ Missions (U. S. North), 783; Women s Mi,.ionary Societies Statistics, 396: Union Missionary Society, 551 ; Societies, n, 471; Work, 273, 319; Work for Women ……………………………. 240 Word to Contributors………. ……….. 62 Word, Per"onal …………………….. 860 World's Convention, Shall there be Another.. . ……………………….. 142 World-Wide Field………… … ….. … 72 World-Wi,le Mi"sions, Chaplain McCabe•.• 383 Worshippers, A HIance at Chinese ……… 531 Wright, Mrs. J. N.. … … .. …………… ~59 Y. M. C. A.. 720. 958; In Foreign Lands…• 240 Y. P. S. C. Endeayor………………. 791, 638 Young Men's Guild of the Church of Scot- land ………………………………. 225 Z('llana Work, Mac1ul'ft, Inrih- .. _… ~ ….•• 794 ZmHlmt Bihle and Medical Mission ……•.• 797 Za.ml)e",~ l~ranl~h )1i"'''10H'& ou the ••.•..•••• tlO'f;'