The Missionary Review of the World — September 1937

1937

Beaten But Unconquered……in China James P. Leynse The Use of Chinese Gospel Posters R. w. Porteous Experiences in the Papuan Bush Russell W. Abel Work in Ethiopia and the Sudan Tom Lambie The Conquering Power of Christ Julius Richter Women's Work in the Country Church Mrs. James D. Wyker An Arab Consults a Missionary Doctor A Monologue by James Cantine 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

to Remember Reda;m;ng an abandoned church in cenlralIllinois

September 13-1S-C 0 n fer en c e on Those Abandoned Churches • • • Presbyterian Church and the Jew. Princeton Theological Seminary. that dot the hillsides and valleys of rural YOU ARE PRIVILEGED America to-day-more than ten thousand of to sponsor this marvellous October 2-6 – Triennial Convention. them-are a challenge to Christian people of work "With Christ along Women's Missionary Society of the the Old Back Road." United Lutheran Church in Amer- all Evangelical denominations. Some are only evi- $12.50 annually maintains ica. Buffalo. dences of changed conditions. Many others mark the the work of one Sunday retreat of Christian forces. School Class. SUMMER CONFERENCES AND $25.00 annually maintains SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS The vast majority of Christian people living in cities the work of a Sunday School. and towns do not understand the serious rural need $50.00 annually maintains September 20-24-Southern California of the hour. Neither do they realize that in countless the work of an unreached (Los Angeles). Mrs. H. M. Horn, instances the A.S.S.U. has met and is meeting that community. 1955 Carmen Ave., Los Angeles, need. Old church bells are pealing again, calling $100.00 annually maintains Calif. young and old to thousands of Union Sunday Schools. the work in any given county. September 20-24 – Minnesota (Min- In a fine old brick church in a prosperous farming $1,200.00 annually fully neapolis-St. Paul). President, Mrs. section of east central Illinois, an A.S.S.U. Mission- supports a consecrated and Charles L. Grant, 610 Aurora Ave., ary recently organized a Sunday School. Thirty-six aggressive A. S. S. U. Mis- St. Paul, Minn. attended the first meeting. Three weeks later the sionary. attendance reached sixty. Now the people have pur- Will your Prayers and yout September 7 – October 1 – D a 11 a s, chased an electric lighting plant, and evening serv- support go with us to this Texas. Pres., Mrs. E. R. Alderson, ices are being conducted by a regular minister. In needy field? 561 Goodwin St., Dallas, Texas. scores of other instances, work reclaimed by our ministry has been turned back to the proper September 27 – October 1 – Houston, denomination. Texas. Dean, Mrs. A. B. Haynes, 618 Highland Ave., Houston, Texas. Evangelical in purpose, non-sectarian in method. and true to the Word of God, theA.S.S.U. is actively September 28-30-A n n u a 1 Interde- engaged in this national ministry of restoring wor- nominational Missionary Institute, ship to rural churches in forty States. Will YOU help? Woman's Interdenominational Union of Philadelphia and Vicinity. First Baptist Church, Philadelphia.

October 5-6-Warren, Ohio. Mrs. George Konold, 314 Scott St., N. E., Warren, Ohio.

October 21- Baltimore, Md. Mrs. David D. Baker, 410 N. Calhoun St., Baltimore, Md.

!In the £un~ ot gonuh un~ His qou'£~ Home Letters of AMERICAN DEPARTMENT OF MISSIONS, R8l7 MARGARET DEAN McDOWELL 1816 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Sunday I wish to sponsor the work of the A. S. S. U. with the , She left a Chicago schoolroom to or- unreached millions of Rural America. ganize a cooperative laundry for refu- School Enclosed find $ ___ to be used for________ _ gees in Mesopotamia—and made it pay. Union ) Send your Quarterly Field Magazine – "The Sun- , She made friends with the sheikh of day School Missionary" a tribe of "devil-worshipers" who have an ancestral taboo against education- ( ) Mail your Booklet on Annuities. and he sent his children to her school. ( ) Send Sample Sunday School Literature. Name _____________ – – __ – ____ – , She met great ones of the earth-and in treeless Mosul spent hours creating Address _________ – _ – – – – – – – _ – – – a Christmas "tree" so that the children City ______________ State ______ _ should not be disappointed. 4 CHRIST ALONG THE OLD BACK ROAD , She began modern Christian educa- ESTABLISHED 1817 PIONEER SUNDAY SCHOOL ORGANIZATION OF THE USA tion for girls in Mosul-and many rise up and call her blessed. Personal Items one-half years of service as he says that he is "no longer able to recom- , Particularly valuable in connection The Rev. A. C. Snead, Foreign Sec- mend the Board as a Presbyterian with the coming year's study of Mos- retary of the Christian and Mission- missionary agency." Mr. Woodbridge lem lands. ary Alliance, sailed for a tour of was formerly a missionary in West South American mission fields on July Africa, representing the Presbyterian Price: cloth, $I .00; paper, 60 cents 27. He expects to visit Jamaica, Co- Church in the United States of Amer- lombia, Ecuador, Peru, Chile, The ica, from which he resigned in 1Q33. Order from Argentine and Puerto Rico, returning home on December 7. Mr. Snead ••• THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF earnestly requests the prayers of THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. U. S. A. Christian people for God's blessing on Dr. Ralph E. Diffendorfer, corre- his mission to these important fields sponding secretary of the Methodist 156 Fifth Avenue New York, N. Y. where the Christian and Missionary Episcopal Board of Foreign Missions, Alliance carries on work. sailed on Saturday, June 12, for Italy FOR SALE-28 new black poplin and Central Europe, where there are pleated choir gowns; academic style, • • • . Rev. Charles J. Woodbridge, Gen- pressing problems. Dr. Diffendorfer $3.75 each; Iblack mortarboard caps, $1.50 has announced an anonymous gift of each. M. R. W. LINDNER, 425 Seventh eral Secretary of the Independent 100,000 Reichmarks-approximately Ave., New York. Board for Presbyterian Foreign Mis- $25,000-for the work in Germany. It sions, has resigned after three and will be used chiefly for improvements (Concluded on page 448.)

MISSIONARY and value. It is devoted to the mis-

REVIEW OF THE WORLD sion study topic of the coming year- The Moslem World and the progress DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor of Christianity among Moslems. These articles are by missionaries who have VOL. LX SEPT., 1937 No.9 devoted their lives to the work and who know the conditions from expe- Publication and Business Olllce– rience. Some of the articles are by Third and Reily 8ts., Harrisburg, Pa. those who have come out of Islam and have confessed their faith in Christ Editorial and Executive Olllce– as their Lord and Master. The work 156 Firth Avenue, New York City. in Moslem lands is one of the most Entered as second-class matter at difficult in any field since the Moham- medans are militant in their propa- Post Omce, Harrisburg, Pa., under ganda and as a rule are very bitter Act of March 3, 1879. antagonists against those who pro- claim Christ as the Son of God and 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. only Saviour through His death on Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. the cross. A list of the articles pre- Published monthly, except August. pared for our special number will be All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1937. found on the fourth cover of this is- British agents – Marshall, Morgan sue. It is advisable to order copies of and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, the October REVIEW immediately. London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, 10 shillings a year. PARENTS ••• When the good work MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- In the Foreign Mission Field calls you East … saH LISHING CO., INC. Endorse Calvert School p&O BOARD OF DIRECTORS Home Study Courses ROBERT E. SPEER, President This year marks a full century of P & 0 A. L. WARNSHUIS, Vice-President for Children service to the lands beyond Suez! WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer Whenever you are called to the other DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary Calvert School, through its Home Iustruc- side of the world, choose this tradi- tion Department, will give your child a tional route. Cross to England by SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT superior elementary education … by mail, Cunard White Star •.• and there embark in a great liner of the P & 0 WILLIAM 1. CH..umEBL£IN regardless of where you may live. Mod- and British India fleets, led by the D. J. FANT ern, approved courses from this famous new 22,5oo-ton Strathnaver, Strath- school are being used by parents all over aird and Strathmore. Regular service MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD to Egypt, Sudan, Persian Gulf, India, WM. B. LIPPHARD the world with outstanding success. Burma, Ceylon, Straits Settlements, ERIC M. NORTH China, Japan, Australia" East and SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Give your children the advantages of these South Africa, Mauritius. Low rates.

Editorial Chat interesting lessons, carefully chosen books, Convenient through bookings can be arranged and attractive materials. Instruction is by your local travel agent or any office of The unusual situation in China is a under the personal guidance of teachers in very disturbing factor to missionaries, Calvert's prominent and successful private CUNARD WHITE STAR LINE the Chinese Christians and to all interested in the development of that day school in Baltimore. GENERAL AGENTS great land and people. What Christians can do most effectively is to t Write today for booklet of complete in- '25 Broadwayand638 Fifth Ave., New York pray for the afflicted people that all may witness a good confession, and formation. Costs are low. stand true to the highest Christian principles. The editorial "Topic of CALVERT SCHOOL the Times" and the articles in this 180 E. Tusc:any Road number by Mr. James P. Leynse, of Peiping, and Mr. Porteous will be Baltimore -0- Maryland read with deep interest.

*** The October number of THE RE- VIEW will be one of unusual interest The Minister's Social Primer Basic, Factual Articles Which Deal With New World Economics By WILLIAM L. LUDLOW Professor of Political Science and Sociology, Muskingum College SUBJECTS 1. Marxian Communism 4. German National Socialism 2. Soviet Russia 5. Democracy 3. Fascism 6. Trade Unionism in America 7. Labor Legislation.

The first chapter will appear in the October issue of CHURCH MANAGEMENT, to be published September 17th. Others will follow in order.

Send $1.50 for special seven-months' subscription to secure this social primer so necessary to men in public life. Single copy, 25c.

CHURCH MANAGEMENT Auditorium Building Cleveland, Ohio [401 ]

NATIVES IN THE ANGLO-EGYPTIAN

(See article on page 422.) REVIB ORLD VOLUME LX AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 9 SEPTEMBER, 1937 Topics of the Times LEADERS OR FOLLOWERS? educated for better leadership; they are learning how to keep the mass of the people from drifting There is a loud call today for leadership–for or floundering.

wise leaders, honest leaders, unselfish leaders, It was said of a certain politician: "He would courageous leaders, experienced leaders.. They make a great leader, if only he could persuade are needed in world affairs, in politics and indus- anyone to follow him." There are two requisites: try, in business and philanthropy, in education a wise, strong leader and people intelligent and and religion. How many nations of the world are unselfish enough to follow good leadership. How in a turmoil for lack of proper leadership! In much both are needed today! The Apostle James Cuba, Mexico and many parts of Latin America says: "Be not many teachers-:-or leaders-know- there is almost continual civil war because one ing that we shall receive heavier judgment."

man after another seeks to lead the nation's des- (James 3: 1 R. V.). In many lands, and in many tiny. Europe offers many examples of strong and spheres of life, confusion and conflict arise beweak political leaders. Spain is torn with fratri- cause too many seek to be leaders rather than cidal strife and is drenched with blood because of show a willingness to be followers. We are in- the conflict between rivals who would be leaders clined to forget that "one who would command and rulers. In Germany, Italy and Russia we must first learn to obey."

have examples of headstrong rulers who are in When the late Sadhu Sundar Singh, that re- the saddle and are leading their nations-but markable Christian ascetic of India, was in whither? America, he was asked by one who heard him In Asia the struggle for leadership continues. speak: "Have you any followers in India-any Gandhi and others are striving by different meth- who follow your ideals of life and methods of ods to determine India's destiny. China is bene- service?"

fited by the influence of a strong and intelligent The Sadhu thought a moment and then replied: leader, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, but Japan, "No, I have no followers. I, myself, am a fol- under the control of the military party, is leading lower." In that answer lies the secret of leader- the country to a war that threatens all Asia and ship to meet the needs of the hour.

may involve the world. Jesus Christ did not call men to be leaders; He Similar struggles exist in America. The ques- called them to be followers. He called them to be tion of the type of leadership determines the po- "fishers of men," rather than rulers of men. He litical program in nation and city, spells failure or called them to serve men rather than to exercise success in the conflict between labor and capital, lordship over men. They were called first to be and will bring failure or success in the Christian disciples (learners), then apostles (missionaries).

Church. Who are the leaders? Why do they seek Is not this the great need in the world and in control and whither are they leading? the Church today? What might we expect if, in- Much emphasis is placed today on the training stead of setting up many "leadership conferences,"

of leaders in all departments of life. Leadership we promoted training classes to teach men, wom- training conferences are being held for political, en and children to be good followers? There is one educational and religious workers-and in many safe and sane leader, the Lord Jesus Christ. If of these conferences, men and women are being men and women would sit at His feet to learn of [403 ]

Him; if we would know how to appreciate His has resulted. The Arabs, who are traders and love and His sacrifice; if we could understand cattle-raising nomads rather than agriculturalists His wisdom and accept His standards-then the or industrial workers, have seen their prestige wrongs in our own personal lives, the mistakes in and control threatened. Their racial pride has the family, in the Church, in the State and the been hurt. They have been warlike since the days world might be set right. As we learn of Him of Esau, while Jews are non-militant. Riots and and are ready to follow Him, He has promised to bloodshed have resulted and all Great Britain's give us power to do His work as He gave power diplomacy and military strength "have been reto the early Disciples when the Holy Spirit came quired to maintain some semblance of peace. upon them. Finally a British Royal Commission was ap- The great need today is not more classes to pointed last year to visit Palestine and report on train leaders but more classes and conferences to the most feasible plan for developing the country. teach us to be true followers of Jesus Christ-as Their report shows careful study and a desire to humble Christians, as parents, as business men and solve the difficult problem-but it satisfies neither women, as workers in Church and State, as mis- Jews nor Arabs. The proposal is for a "major sionaries and as executives. In proportion as we operation," to divide the land into three sectionssucceed in learning in this school of Christ, we giving to the Jews about one-third-including the can say with the Apostle Paul to less privileged western border on the Mediterranean, from about disciples: "Be ye followers (imitators) of me twenty miles north of Gaza to Syria and the Lebaeven as I also am of Christ" (1 Corinthians 11: 1). non Mountains; giving to the Arabs two-thirds- including the land south of Bethlehem, east of THE PARTITION OF PALESTINE the plains of Judea and across the Jordan River. The British are to retain a small "corridor" from Although almost insignificant in size – only Jerusalem to the sea at Jaffa, and a small circle about the size of New England- Palestine around Nazareth, and with a naval base at Haifa. has the most strategic position of any country in This would mean that the Jews will have the the world. It lies at the crossroads of Asia, Africa Shephelah and the lowlands of the Mediterranean and Europe. The natural wealth of the country, seacoast, where Tel-Aviv and other modern Jewas well as its command of the trade routes be- ish settlements are located; also Mt. Carmel and tween East and West, have made the land a de- practically all of Galilee. The Arabs will have sirable prize. It was this land, enlarged to reach Shechem (Nablus) and Samaria, the country "from the Euphrates to the River of Egypt," that around Hebron, J.ericho, and Beersheba and the God promised to Abraham and his descendants. lands of their ancestors-the Moabites, Ammon- It was many years before the Hebrews gained ites and Edomites. The British retain control of possession and then because of their disobedience, Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Nazareth and the railroad they were conquered and lost control of the coun- to the seaport of Jaffa (ancient Joppa). The try many times. From the earliest days of history Jews and Arabs are both offered independent this little country has been a battleground between states, with representatives in the League of Na- Philistines, Canaanites and Hittites; between tions. Syrians and Egyptians; between Assyrians, Babylonians, and Israelites; between Romans, The Arabs object to this division on three Greeks and Arabians; between Crusaders and grounds: (1) They say that they have possessed "Infidels" ; between the Allied armies in the the land by right of conquest and occupation for World War and the Turks. hundreds of years; (2) they are in a majority and now own most of the land so that it would be Today Palestine is again a scene of strife and a necessary to evacuate 225,000 Arabs from Jewish bone of contention between Arabs and Jews, be- territory; (3) the plan gives the Jews the most tween Christians, Hebrews and Moslems. As a fertile and desirable portions and most of the result of the World War, England was given a seacoast, while the Arabs are assigned to the mandate over Palestine and the Balfour Declara- more arid sections of the mountains and the semition promised the Jews an opportunity to develop wilderness beyond the Jordan. their ancient heritage and to make it a "National Home." The persecuted and ostracized Jews of The Jews find the plan inacceptable: (1) be- Europe have taken the opportunity to return in cause the whole land is theirs by right of divine large numbers. They have built cities, developed promise to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, by ancient farms, made good roads, established schools and inheritance and occupation, and by the Balfour universities, and have taken other steps to im- Declaration; (2) because, being driven out of prove the country and to increase prosperity. But Europe, they need Palestine as a National Home after seventeen years, and in spite of British ef- and they have shown the will and ability to develforts to maintain order, strife rather than peace op the country, which the Arabs have not; (3) because the Arabs are assigned the Jordan Valley

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

I .q z MPDI TER RA NeA N .:.' S£A 4 MEO/TERRA NEA"' .:,'.,'· o .seA " ,,~,_ -0— ,, ," . ,,,/ "oH.ebron ,t EGYPT -, ;<rBeerSheM r—–~~——–~ a ! Ie J' l ' I KEY ~EERSHE8A SU8- DISTRICT t EXTENDING roGUU' 01' AQABA _ Proposed boundaries ", Present boundari es CULTIVATION UNSURVEYEO /JO MIlFI _ Rai /ways —- Roads Courtesy ot "The New York Times"

with all the light and power plants, the Dead Sea material resources used to increase the prosperity and the mountains which are richest in chemicals, of the country. Both Jews and Arabs are so unminerals' and other natural resources. Both par- friendly to the British that they may yet unite ties want Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Hebron and oth- against them, as the Pharisees and Herodians er sacred sites. It is as impossible to give both united against Christ. Jews and Arabs all they wish as it is to satisfy both labor and capital, or both communists and God's plan is not yet made clear for His "peim perialists. culiar people" and His chosen land. Any arrange- ment, such as is proposed by the Royal Commis- The plan offered is objected to by many British "sion, can at best be only temporary. God's promise and by people of other lands who take up cudgels to Abraham was: "I will give unto thee, and to for one side or the other. Dr. Chaim Weizmann, thy s~ed after thee, the land wherein thou art a President of the Zionist Movement, finds the pro- stranger, all the land of Canaan, for an everlasting posed partition unsatisfactory but thinks that it possession, and I will be their God" (Genesis offers the best solution of any plan suggested up 17: 8). to the present. Dr. Stephen Wise, President of the American Zionists, is utterly opposed to any ECUMENICAL CHRISTIANITY AT OXFORD such surrender of what he terms "Jewish rights." The World Conference on "Life and Work" that Christians as a whole have not entered into the met for two weeks in July at Oxford, England, to controversy, but many Syrian Christians in Pal- consider "The Church, State and Community," estine would prefer to see the Arabs in control brought together some eight hundred delegates because they find it more difficult to get along and associates from many different nations, Ori. with Jewish neighbors. Neither Jews nor Mos- ental churches and Protestant communi:bns. These lems are friendly to Christian mission work; included 100 young men and women from thirty neither one favors Christian or British control; countries, who constituted a special "Youth Secbut both are willing to see Christian ability and

tion" of the Conference; there were also many ments that threaten the efficiency, if not the very delegates from the younger churches of mission life, of the Church. la.nds. The Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr. Cosmo Gordon Lang, was president, and Dr. John R. 2. That the Church consider how to meet and Mott, well known American Methodist layman, overcome the evident purpose in many lands to was Chairman of the Business Committee. The elevate the State to a divine status, thus seeking Conference was much more widely representative to give human rulers more authority than that than that which met at Stockholm in 1925; but accorded Almighty God; also how to correct the there were no German delegates at Oxford, pass- tendency to racial discrimination, social injustice ports having been refused by the Nazi Govern- and the increase of immortality in personal and ment to members of the Confessional Synod. community life.

Many important topics were discussed by the 3. That greater emphasis be placed on the facts Conference in various sections, papers having been that God is the only supreme and ultimate auprepared in advance and "Findings" being pre- thority; that religious liberty is essential to husented for discussion at the general meetings be- man liberty, and that Christians are called of God fore approval. to use their resources to help raise the status of the underprivileged, the oppressed and unlight- Among the disturbing trends in the life of to- ened brothers and sisters of the human race. day were noted: the claim of the State-as in Germany, Italy, Russia and Turkey-to dominate The Conference closed with a united communion and control religion; the growth of secularism in service presided over by the Archbishop of Canall lands at the expense of religion, and the signs terbury, assisted by the Episcopal Bishop of Dorof moral anarchy which threatens the sanctity of nakaI, India. marriage and the home. THE CHINA-JAPAN CONFLICT The members of the Conference applauded those who advocated unity among Christians of all na- Since July 7, the world has been increasingly tions, races and sects; there was emphasized the concerned by another demonstration of the deneed for greater dependence on the guidance and termined military encroachment of one nation of power of God for the solution of all problems. the Far East upon the territory and the sover- Real progress was noted in the growth of friendly eignty of another at a time when other nations understanding between Eastern and Western are too busily occupied to intervene. So much is Churches and between members of French and clear to all the world, to which all further judg- German nationals. There was a call for a united ments may safely be left. And few will condemn Christian front to combat and overcome the in- the militarily weaker nation for deciding that pacrease of militant atheism and of pagan material- tient submission had ceased to be a virtue and for ism in all lands. risking all in self-defense. The infinite pity of the situation is that the blow should fall upon Perhaps the most striking proposal was for the China just at the time when her provinces and formation of a "World Council of Churches" to parties and leaders were heartily uniting in the include all non-Roman Christian churches that work of material and moral reconstruction which wish to join. This will be a world-wide organiza- had been so frequently interrupted during the tion planned and operated on lines similar to the quarter century of the republic. Inspired by the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America. courage, wisdom and unselfish patriotism of Gen- It is suggested that it function through an As- eralissimo and Madame Chiang and several likesembly of some two hundred members; its pur- minded associates and by the marvelous deliverpose will be to increase. the ecumenical conscious- ance of their leader from deadly peril in captivity, ness among all Evangelical Christians, and to confident hope of a great future for China had promote cooperation among churches of all na- been rekindled. The appointment of Dr. C. T. tions, races and denominations. This Assembly Wang as Ambassador to the United States and the would meet every year and might give informa- visit of the Minister of Finance, Dr. H. H. Kung, tion service through a World Council Journal; to America and many European countries, have it might also promote world-wide conferences, contributed to a mutually helpful international such as those held this summer at Oxford and friendship, but nothing has prevented the out- Edinburgh. It is hoped that this Council would break of a murderous "undeclared war." represent the "voice of united Christendom"- outside the Roman Catholic Church. The first stages of that war in the driving of provincial forces from the neighborhood of Tient- Among the Findings submitted and approved sin and Peiping, though it involved much slaughby the Conference were the following: ter J)f soldiers and civilians and destruction of valuable property such as the progressive Nankai 1. That the Christian Church meet the present University ~t Ti~Iltsin~ have been trifles as comchallenge of the serious economic situation in all Jands and the anti-religious and secularizing movepared with the terrific conflict which broke out on ning to open as usual. The same is presumably August 14 between rapidly gathering Chinese air true of the College of Chinese Studies (Language and military forces and the Japanese warships School) though the number of new missionaries lying at the Hongkew bund portion of Shanghai venturing into North China this autumn may not International Settlement, where they had no right be large. to be. Their position rendered accidents inevitable, and bombs intended for the warships It was intended to list here the missions at work dropped in the settlement, killing hundreds of in the war zone, but since the scope of the war civilian Chinese and several foreigners including increases daily that would be a hopeless and use- Dr. Frank J. Rawlinson, Editor of the Chinese less task. Recorder, and Dr. Robert Karl Reischauer of Princeton, son of the well-known missionary in In sharp contrast with this dismal picture of Tokyo. Since then by air and land and water, strife and hatred stand out the recent picture of Chinese and Japanese have hurled death and de- Dr. Toyohiko Kagawa of Japan, and Dr. C. Y. struction at each other, and attempts have been Cheng of China, smiling radiantly, with arms made and resisted to carry the war to the national about each other's necks. A later photograph capital, Nanking, and other centers of military shows two girl scout leaders-Chinese and Japaconcentration. nese-in a similar attitude. Let us hold fast to our hope that some day the love of Christ will Many are the predictions as to the outcome, constrain these two peoples, so nearly related, to but such prognostication is futile. If "God is al- love one another and engage heartily in mutual ways on the side of the strongest battalions," upbuilding for the service of the world. China will be once more humbled and crippled. There seems to be little or no prospect of a saving THE COMING GENERATION AND intervention by any or all of the other nations; MISSIONS but the new national spirit of the Chinese people, added to their traditional ability to "conquer by The youth of today sometimes criticize the misabsorption," may bring them safely through this sion boards on the ground that youth is ignored in most fiery trial of their recent history. the planning and direction of the work. They claim that the viewpoint of the younger generation is The outbreak having come in midsummer, ignored in religion, while it is sought in business, when many missionaries were absent on vacation, in politics and in social movements. when many had left on furlough and new missionaries had not arrived, the problem of protection All acknowledge that the future of mission work and evacuation has been comparatively small. is vitally linked with the rising generations. It Only a few who occupy key positions on the field is dependent on new life being constantly supare now being returned to China, though some plied, infinitely more than it is dependent on new who had sailed before the crisis became acute will money. probably be diverted to other opportunities for service until the way is open to the old field. The But are the young men and women of this commissions in the Philippines will gladly absorb a ing generation taking an interest in vital Christia'1 large number. At this writing evacuations of work as they are in politics, sport, economics and missionaries have been very few, but the Boards social reform? In how many churches are the and the field agencies are on the alert and pro- youth a strong factor? How much are young peovided with authority and funds to meet all needs. ple as a class willing to sacrifice for the Cause of Except as mentioned above, no missionary lives Christ? How many are ready to do personal work have been lost, or property seriously damaged. on spiritual lines? Are they trained to accept and practice fundamental Christian ideas and stand- It is well to remind ourselves that the situation ards? How many of the present generation of differs widely from that of the Boxer Outbreak students would sacrifice ambition and prospects in 1900. Then, all foreigners were the object of of business advancement to start and carry forannihilative attack by the "Boxers" and the Chi- ward a Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign nese imperial troops; now neither combatant will Missions or a Young People's Missionary Moveintentionally injure the citizens of any neutral ment? Have they the idealism, the courage, the nation. Apart, therefore, from the "accidents of ability, the faith to undertake such work, in face of discouragement and opposition? warfare," the ambassadors of Christ are not considered to be in serious peril. We believe that multitudes of the youth of to- day will respond to this challenge if it is rightly Latest reports from North China state that all presented. They must first be conscious of their is quiet in and near Peiping and that Yenching own debt to Christ and acknowledge His suprem- University northwest of the city and the North acy over their lives. They must realize the need China American School at Tungchow are plan- of the world and the ability of Christ to supply that need. When they see this as clearly as they of Nations. This is the missionary enterprise of the future. see the need for world peace, for social justice, One contributor takes exception to this view, for economic improvement and for better race re- and rightly if we are to be guided by Christ's ideals and objectives as they are presented in the lations, then they will respond as enthusiastically New Testament. This contributor says: and sacrificially to the call of Christ and man's In the early days of the Church there was no social justice. Palestine was seething with social injustice, naspiritual needs as they now do to the call of Marx tionalism, imperialism, absentee-landlordism, cruel taxa- tion, frequent rebellion-but was there not a spiritual life or Hitler or Mussolini for temporal and national in the midst of it? In my experience those who have been the greatest saints have often been those who suffered advancement. There is great encouragement to- most from social injustice. I do not think that the world as we know it will ever be rid of sin, and so I cannot see day in the spirit shown by Christian youth in a hope of our being rid of social injustice. I have not much hope of the coming of a cooperative Commonwealth many colleges and in summer conferences, in so- of Nations in the terms in which we see it today. We are in a time of tremendous chaos in which we cannot yet see cieties and in churches where they find true virile clearly the direction or tell the nature of the new order which will be born, though my own hopes lie in the d:recand spiritual leadership. tion indicated here. I do not, however, regard this as the "missionary enterprise of the future." Missions are con- The missionary cause must be presented wisely cerned primarily with the religious, not with the economic.

to appeal to the youth of today. What kind of a Let the coming generation be stirred to fight courageously against the present-day crime, inmissionary enterprise will students support? is justice, cruelty and selfishness, but the hope for a new and more fruitful day in Christian advance a question recently sent out to colleges by the Stu- is in a youth movement wholly loyal to Christ and led by the Spirit of God. f1ent Volunteer Movement. The Intercollegian and Far Horizons publishes the following answer which was among those received: .

Everywhere and for the most part increasingly, capitalism, communism, fascism and nationalism threaten the welfare of mankind. Nervous breakdowns, depressions, wars-these are all symptoms of a basic economic and moral sickness. Until social justice can be established, spiritual life is impossible. The great hope of the future lies in the development on a world scale of cooperatives and an increasing socializing of the means of production, pointing Ultimately toward a Cooperative Commonwealth RELIGIOUS BODIES AND GROUPS IN THE UNITED STATES IN A OOMPARISON OF THOSE REPORTING OVER 50,000 MEMBERS, 1935 AND 1936 Membership 1 Yr. Gain 10 Yr, Gain Membership 1 Yr. Gain 10 Yr, Gain 1936 1936·1935 1936-1926 1936 1936-1935 1936-1926 Baptists (19 Bodies) ….. 10,332,005 140,308 1,890,939 Polish Catholic Church … 186,000 36,000 124,426 Methodist (19 Bodies) .. , 9,109,359 41,798 1,038,740 Church of the Nazarene .. 133,516 5,867 69,958 Lutherans (17 Bodies) … 4,589,660 43,905 646,202 Mennonites (17 Bodies) .. 116,665 4,101 29,491 Jewish (Heads of Families) 4,081,242 Eastern Separate (2 Bodies) 107,675 78,087 Friends (4 Bodies) ….. . 105,917 dl,527 d4,505 Presbyterians (10 Bodies) 2,687,772 6,507 62,488 Protestant Episcopal …. . 1,918,329 21,193 52,243 Church of God (Indiana) . 82,893 364 44,644 Disciples of Christ ….. . 1,602,052 d6,700 224,457 Unitarians …………. . 98,600 38,026 38,448 East. Orthodox (9 Bodies) 1,092,349 94,262 832,955 Federated Churches ….. . 59,977 Congregational & Christian 1,010,776 d2,177 16,285 Scandinavian Ev. (3 Bodies) 55,237 385 6,452 Evangelical and Reformed 849,205 d71,384 173,401 Universalists ……….. . 51,159 68 d3,798 Roman Catholics (whole Lat.-Day Saints (2 Bodies) 777,695 12,981 171,134 Churches of Christ …… . 433,714 family) …………… 20,831,139 221,837 2,226,136 United Brethren (3 Bodies) 428,838 1,073 32,953 Total, Over 50,000 ….. 62,844,012 689,572 8,718,230 Reformed (3 Bodies) … . 366,583 81,958 110,318 Salvation Army …….. . 255,765 d3,336 180,997 Total, Under 50,000 649,024 147,832 271,636 Ch. of Four-Sq. Gospel .. . 257,635 5,255 257,635 Evangelical (2 Bodies) .. . 258,207 9,390 31,678 Church of Christ, Scientist 202,098 Grand Total ……….. 63,493,036 837,404 8,989,866 Population (July, 1936) .. 128,429,000 908,000 11,429,000 Church of God in Christ .. 200,470 170,207 -From The Christian Hemld. Breth. (Dunkers) (4 Bodies) 192,588 1,047 34,484 d Decrease. Adventists (5 Bodies) … . 195,553 5,435 49,376 Assemblies of God …… . 173,349 2,936 125,399

But Unconquered – in

By the REV. JAMES P. LEYNSE, Peiping, China Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. s. A.

W ITHOUT even so much as a knock at the "One day in the fall when the 'harvest of the door Mrs. Single Flower Liu, in a sky-blue five grains' was plentiful and people went merrily cotton garment, entered my study and told to their work, a student of the Truth Hall Mission me this story: School of Peiping came to our village elders. His words of new and strange things came freely out "Allow me to use some of your time, Shepherd- of his mouth. At the first watch of the night, teacher. Today, with the wind making many. a when all the people had supped, that young man whirling cloud of dust, there will be a few people would stand preaching in front of the village inn, gathering at the Hall of Glad Tidings. The saying that there is only one God of heaven and' heavens have turned yellow; the earth is almost earth; that the sun and moon belong to all the dark and the sun has only a dim light. Ai, this world; and that all men around the four seas are is truly a good room to come to on such a day; all brethren. It was truly a strange doctrine, but these books of foreign learning are a pleasure to that young man had his stomach full of good behold. I have come to you to speak about the learning and his heart was warm with sympathy. things of my heart. He knew how to speak words acceptably.

"Years ag<J, when through the goodness· of your "One evening when the moonlight was dim, I friends across the foreign sea, you invited me to went stealthily out of the family house and stood become a Christian evangelist, my joy rose to among:st the crowd like a man, so as to hear the Heaven and I determined that some day I should tell you the story of my conversion. Pray, do not student-preacher read ,from his Heavenly Book. weary of my account and do not regard it a hard- His preaching filled my heart with a peace unship to use your pen to write it down. I am but a speakable and I, humble young sister, cried out to humble woman of scanty learning and know how the Living God for help and guidance. In the to write only a few hundred characters of our lan- middle of the night my heart became so heavy guage; I am but nothing to compare with such an within me that I got up from the brick family bed one as you. and bowed myself to the ground before the great God and Creator for the first time in my life. "I was born in the village of the Deep Hill Waters. My ancestral home was favored by the "The next day when the sun had set and the gods with plenty of millet, rice, oil and salt. moon arose I went again to hear about the Way of Though the house was large I had but eight feet Life and to seek salvation. I was like one who of the family brick bed on which to sleep, just as had made her bow in the dark. While listening, everybody else. My highly esteemed grandfather my heart was mirrored before God, and I saw the was a chief priest of the Lotus Goddess and my blackness of my sin. I believed what the preacher uncles were leaders of Buddhist pilgrimages. Yea, said and knew that I was cleansed from my inthey even were active fighters in the great anti- iquity. At that time I was born again, a new Chdstian movement of 1900 when all over the woman, and my heart became settled in quietness land many missionaries and thousands of Chris- and peace. tians were killed. My honorable father was also an ardent Buddhist, who cared for the gods and "Afterwards that young man taught me to pray spent many pieces of good silver to help rebuild and to read the new…style writing. He put the our village temple. And my mother, though only Word of God into my hands and my faith grew a country woman of simple mind, knew all about until it became the most precious thing on the the gods and was a vegetarian for many years to earth to me. I witnessed to my relatives about it please Kuan Yin, the Goddess of Happiness. I but their temper rose hotly within them against myself desired from childhood on to serve the gods this new and strange doctrine. In their hardness of heaven, and with my very flesh and bones I of heart they vowed never to throw a single idol loved to do all that is good. Therefore I was set away nor to forsake the temple. aside to become a 'witch woman' of the group of the Lotus Spirit. "Years went by and my grandparents and par- ents all died, leaving me without proper care and protection. My uncles therefore took me in and [409 ]

filled my ears with many good promises if I only fore I could wean them. For this I bore a thouwould renew my faith in the old temple idols. sand bitternesses-but no more need to be said of They would have adopted me as their own daugh- such things. ter if I had but burned a little incense before the household idols; but I could not do such a thing "One morning, when the spring was young and and displease my Saviour. I was doing the housework, I sang a chorus 'Heaven is my Home.' My sister-in-law hearing "Then my relatives married me into the house- this cried out in great wrath: 'I surely will help hold of Hsu of the Village of the Seven Precious you to ascend to your Heaven.' I was ignorant Things, to a young man I had never seen before, of her intentions and did not in the least suspect nor even heard of. This is the custom of our coun- that she had put poison in the few mouthfuls of try of Central Glory. I was already twenty-two spinach I had with my millet. That night my years of age, and upon my arrival in my new body grew hot with fever and in the morning I home, I learned that my lord and master was but was stiff with cold. I could not utter any speech, a boy of fourteen years. From the first I saw that neither did my eyes see any light, and everybody the look on his face was sullen, yea, even when I said, 'She soon will die.' Hastily they bargained bowed myself three times before him, I knew that for a fiat cart drawn by mules to pull me to the he was a rude thing who did not know a whit of home of my uncles that I might die there. manners. And his relatives acted like him. I had brought with me a bride's box of sheepskin painted "At midday, when the sun was high in the skies red with beautiful trailing clouds. In it I had put and I was lying in the cart rolling hither and my garments of red and blue as a bride always thither on account of the many ruts in the road, has, but also my Bible and hymn book. I had I awoke a little and dreamed a beautiful dream. scarcely been in the house a few hours when the I thought I saw a big ladder reaching from heaven mother of my lord snatched the key out of my to earth and on it an angel came down carrying hand and looked hastily through the box. When medicine and food for my body. When the angel she found my Bible and hymn book, her heart be- was about to touch my heart and heal my body, I came course with anger. She cursed me fiercely cried out, 'Oh, most Gracious One, let there be a and, just as when a dog barks at something a hun- limit to my suffering and let me die in peace.' dred dogs start barking in chorus, all my relatives- Then that one answered saying, 'Not so; it is in-law joined her in reviling me. God's will that you shall live ; be of good courage.' I answered, 'If this truly must be so, grant me "Afterwards I learned that my uncles had sent three requests.' Then that one said, 'Is there anywords of warning about my Christian faith, say- thing too hard for the Lord to do?' I replied, 'See ing that by all means they should drive the evil to it that those to whom I belong allow me to folspirit out of my vitals. They stated that in doing low Christ. Arrange for me that I may study the so it would be considered only a small matter with Bible, and let those who are in authority over me them if they beat me to death. This was the rea- give me freedom to unbind my feet.' Touching my son that, though I was before my young husband forehead the angel replied saying, 'Your requests like a sampan that waits on a steamer, I did not are granted and so shall the Lord do to you.' find favor in his eyes, neither received any kind Straightway my stomach was cured of illness and words from his parents. It was my lord's busi- great peace was within my heart. ness to braid mats and to sell straw shoes but most of the time he was weary from idleness, and "When my uncles saw me entering their home, had much leisure in which to find fault with me. they said, 'How is this strange thing? This sick- ness is not unto death and how is it that her par- The affairs of that home were like the hills, with ents-in-Iaw give themselves the weariness of sendthe even places few and far between. On the day ing her here?' And all the neighbors looking at of my arrival they burned my Bible, hymn book, me said, 'Surely, she will not die and the wages of and tracts in the courtyard before a picture of the the cartman are but wasted.' Then I testified with gods of heaven and earth. But no shouting nor a power which was not my own but of the Holy beating with sticks could induce me to rise from Spirit and there was no one that dared to raise my knees when in the morning and evening I his voice against me because the Lord was at my knelt in prayer to my Saviour. side. In all the months I stayed in my uncle's house my life was as a road of heavenly peace. "Some years passed and to all of the people in The women and children gathered daily in my' the home of my parents-in-law I was like a mirror room to study the Word of God and many a man hung with the glass to the wall. I bore my master stood behind the street door curtain to listen. two children but the words he ever spoke to me were seldom heard. I was beaten so often that "Then one day, when the winds of autumn bemy bruises never disappeared. The measure of gan to blow, my husband stood at the gate and millet, left for me in the cauldron, was so small commanded me to follow him. As there was that my children were weak at birth and died be- nought to do but to walk behind him, I said fare-

BEATEN BUT UNCONQUERED IN CHINA

well to my relatives. All the weary way back to follow him any longer. Finally my relatives sucmy husband's home the tears blinded my eyes and ceeded in satisfying him. The law of our land one by one they dropped on the Bible I carried set me free and even gave me my son to rear, wrapped in my handkerchief. When I arrived though he was the only grandson of the family. within the enclosure of his home my husband Soon afterwards came the complete answer to my grabbed me, bound me with ropes and hung my prayer and I was permitted to study the things body from a beam in the house. Then he and his concerning the Bible in a special school for that mother used sticks and a big whip upon me in a purpose. Now, out of the goodness of your heart, long and fearful way. But I never as much as you have allowed me to be an evangelist to go cried out for mercy. I prayed to my Father in among my own Chinese people with the Gospel of heaven and did count the pain but joy. For many Salvation. Here I am, a lowly servant of Christ months that followed my husband and his brothers Jesus, taking my place in the fields of the harvest and their mother often used big sticks upon me, in this great country." but I always prayed as before and quietly praised my God in whispered songs. A DEAF LADY'S APPEAL TO THE GODDESS OF MERCY "One day they locked the gate of the house and again bound my body by a rope to a beam and By ROBERT B. EKVALL, B.A., F.R.G.S.* beat me until my breath came in gasps. Then my Christian and Missionary Alliance, Kansu mother-in-law urged her son to use a knife on me good and deep so as to cut the evil spirit out of Goddess of Mercy, the incense burns with framy body. In great confused hurry he hunted all grance sweet, over the house for the big kitchen knife, but the God of Heaven blinded his eyes so that he could But sweeter yet if I were not so poor; not find it. Then they all shouted and together The best that I could buy for I am poor. they beat my body with sticks. The pain became Ah, Goddess, hear my prayer. so fierce that I let my voice go out in loud screams. For you can hear. The neighbors heard it and one man climbed over Your ears are not dead stones that numb your head the roof into the courtyard and protested against As mine have been these past five years. their beating me to death. He bowed himself to Ah, Goddess, hear. the ground before my husband and my fatherin-law saying, 'If she has caused you loss of face But maybe now my tongue has lied on account of her disobedience I will repay for her And makes no sound. I wish I knew. sin with this bow. But let there be an end to this Perhaps my voice is dead-and after? thing. We, your neighbors, do not want our street The world is but a picture now; and if to be talked about and we most surely do not want Death dropped the veil, among the spirits the police to inquire about our affairs.' Then they Could a deaf old woman find the way? unbound me and locked me in a small room where No hope beyond, and half lost, stumbling now. frequently someone came in to beat me with a stick. But Christ Jesus strengthened me and was Goddess of Mercy, just one day that I with me in that little room so that I did not starve Might hear. For in the house across the street with the scanty food which was left for me. The foreign lady tells strange things. I know That they are strange, for Mei Nai Nai, "Some time later, on a night when the moon Who has not smiled for twenty years was misty and the clouds were heavy with rain, Till yesterday, cried, and then through tears a kind niece came into the house saying, 'Set forth She smiled, like summer's sun through falling rain. quickly, I have unfastened the gate, the road is Their lips are twisted by strange words; my eyes before you. Why tarry here any longer?' Pray- Are old! I cannot see. And even when ing to the Lord to protect me I ran as long as My son has mouthed the words he finds within the dim moonlight lasted. When the sun arose Their books, they seem so strange. I slept hidden in the fields with my Bible for a A story? But what story makes old hearts young? pillow. After suffering much from hunger and I watch his lips until he points above and says one weariness I safely reached the mission and friendly hands led me to the Industrial School for word. Women. A month later my son was born. As a Goddess of Mercy, let me hear but once that word means to earn something for food and clothing I That I may laugh through tears and feel at peace. gratefully took up making with my hands the colorful things which ladies in foreign lands like My incense ash has dusted all the floor; to put into their homes. The Goddess has not heard. The word-the word- "Boldly my husband came to claim me, threat- Five years too late. I cannot hear. ening to go to court about it when I refused to * Copyright From The Alliance WeeklY.

of Sin Bondage of Sin Allurement of

COLORED POSTIDR NUMBER 7- THE SIN PICTURES The Use of Chinese Gospel Posters I I~- Prepared by R. W. PORTEOUS, Nanchang, Kiangsi China Inland Mission Bible Training Institute SOME four or five years ago at a monthly mis- similar work might be done in all the military hos- sionary meeting, the writer happened to be pitals throughout the country. Instructions were sitting opposite Madame Chiang Kai-shek. immediately issued to all the military authorities She beckoned me to come over and asked if it to welcome Gospel workers in all such hospitals.

would be possible to get the various missionaries Weekly visits have been maintained in all kinds working in the city to unite in an effort to bring of weather and thousands of suffering men have the comfort of Christ's salvation to the wounded thus heard of Him who suffered, the just and the soldiers in the four large military hospitals in unjust, to bring them to God. As Madame Chiang N anchang. so aptly put it, "Be sure and tell them of the One Thus the work which, during the intervening who suffered more than they ever did!" Hundreds years, has been successfully carried on with the of these men have been brought to a definite ac- blessing of God, began with weekly visits to each ceptance of the message of life in Christ. Not a hospital. On receiving the fi~st annual report, few have died rejoicing in their new-found Sav- Madame Chiang wrote expressing the desire that iour. One or two hundred more have openly con- [412 ]

THE USE OF CHINESE GOSPEL POSTERS

fessed Christ as their Saviour before their offi- one, whose face beamed with happiness, said, "I cers, and several have taken a definite public stand am praying to God three times every day, in the for Him. Now the military prison is being visited morning, and at midday, and in the evening."

weekly by three groups of missionaries; through Here is another incident. On entering a small the generosity of the Bible Societies each of the ward, we found a very sick man, an officer, to' 600 to 700 prisoners have received cloth-bound whom we spoke a few words of co:r:nfort and help. pocket Testaments. Scores of these men are be- The following week we called in to see him again, ing brought to definite decision at the weekly Gos- and found his wife, who was a Christian, at his pel meetings held in the prison. bedside. The patient being slightly better, we Gospel and Wounded Soldiers* were able to have a longer conversation with him and, before we left, he said, "I will believe. Pray In addition to the United Gospel Service held weekly, which all attended who were able to be about, we also had the privilege of visiting the more serious cases in the wards. As we went our round amongst these poor sufferers, many showed great interest in the Gospel and, at times, as we bent over some sufferer, we would hear him say, "Yes, I am praying to Jesus." There were a num- ber of exceptionally bright cases of conversion and several died confessing Christ as their Sav- iour. One young man looked up into the face of the worker who enquired how he was, and said, "No, I do not want food. All I want is Jesus."

One poor fellow, lying on his bed in a state of extreme exhaustion was too far gone to speak, we were told. After several of the other sick ones in that ward had been spoken to, we sang a hymn, followed by a few words of explanation. Suddenly from one of the beds a man called out in quite a loud voice, "I believe on the Lord Jesus." Look- ing round, we found to our amazement that the words came from the lips of this dying man, whom we had been told was too ill to speak. Later on we had a conversation with him, and felt assured il~~.1that his faith was real.

Another case was that of a man who heard the Gospel before he had joined the army, but it was ~J.~J.' only during his stay in the hospital that he de- cided for Christ. As we were bending over a bed ………-., ~f&~~A·-t to speak to a sick man, a voice behind us said, "I …………. believe." Turning around, we found this man who was looking exceedingly weak and ill. He POSTER NO. I-THE DOUBLE FACE smiled and said, "I have read the books you gave me, and now I am trusting the Lord Jesus for salvation. I know He died on the Cross for my for me, and pray with me." On our next weekly sins." He went on to tell us much more, and we visit, as we entered the ward, the dear man's face were amazed at the understanding of the truth he beamed with joy as he said, "I do believe. I am had acquired in so short a time. trusting the Lord for salvation." After we had prayer with him, he himself prayed and gave We were standing in the ward when we saw a thanksgiving to God for all His mercy in saving man beckoning to us. He was very sick with his soul, and granting him remission of sins. His fever, and unable to speak coherently but after a words came feebly, for he was still suffering time we understood that he had attended one of greatly, but we know how well-pleasing to the our Gospel meetings, and now asked if we would Lord such a prayer must have been. A few days pray with him. A patient in the next bed re- later, as we paid our usual visit to the same hosmarked, "He knows how to pray himself. He has pital, we hurried in to see this friend, but instead always prayed before having his food I" Another • From The Chinese Recorder. of being met with his welcoming smile we saw

•..l -«- -itt A ~ ffJ h…, . ,f~ :~ 1 rt ~ 1 NUMBER 2-THE GRACE POSTE'R NUMBER 9-THE TRAIN POSTE'R that his bed was empty; and bedding and every- an excellent method of presenting the Gospel mes- thing else had been removed from it. On enquir- sage to old and young, especially to the illiterate ing from one of the patients near by, we heard in the unreached country districts. The Evan- that he had passed away two days previously. gelistic Bands, mostly supported by local Kiangsi churches, have found them just the thing they One of our workers who was looking around need to grip and hold the attention of those whom the ward, trying to find one of the patients he had they are seeking to interest in the Gospel message. spoken to previously, who had confessed to hav- ing received salvation, was addressed by one of The following is a description of posters pub- the soldiers who said to him, "You are looking for lished during the past six months: So-and-so, but he has gone. As he was dying, he knelt on his bed in prayer before us all." No. 1. The Smiling or Double Face. Showing the blessedness of the man whose sin is forgiven, A great help in this effective and intensive whose iniquity is covered. The face turned round evangelism has been the visualizing of the truths shows sadness. There is "no peace" to the wicked. of the Gospel by means of large, specially pre- pared, illustrated Gospel posters in various colors. No.2. The "Grace" Character. Showing the Christian workers elsewhere have expressed a de- word for "Grace," on the cross which stands at the sire to have these posters published, and over fork roads of life and death. The poster bears twenty have been put through the press; thou- the text: "We have all sinned and come short of sands of these are now in circulation throughout the glory of God." The question is asked, "Friend, China and most encouraging reports are reaching which road are you traveling." us from field workers of our own and other mis- sions. They tell of their usefulness in attracting No.3. The Joy Spring Poster. Showing a the crowds in the marketplaces and country vil- mountain scene with bamboo trees, some of which , lages, also in the city churches, Gospel halls and are cut down and used as water pipes to bring thE: streets. The revival poster was used to stir up fresh mountain spring water down to supply the the Christians in one district to pray for revival needs of the family. The text is: "Now may the and led to a time of real blessing. God of peace fill you with all joy and peace in be- lieving (the water pipe which keeps the Chris- Our student Preaching Bands, sent out from tian filled) that ye may abound in hope through Bible Training Institute in twenty to thirty groups the power of the Holy Ghost." during the past five years have found these posters

Foward Evangelism Posterst NUMBER 8-INVITATION: "COME"

No.4. Large Clock Poster. A clock hung on a large and will look up." Then the prayer in large characters, red cross with the hands pointing to God's hour; "Now "0 Lord revive Thy work and begin in me." is the accepted time." No. 12. True Happiness Poster. This poster is specially No.5. Tke Christian's Two Wings. A mountain scene, designed to take the place of the empty characters diswith one eagle flying, wings outspread, on which is shown played in the homes of the people at the New Year time. the Chinese characters for prayer and Bible study. The The large character which hangs on the Cross, bears the other eagle, perched on the ground trying to fly with only Gospel message in a nutshell. (John 3: 16.) At each one wing, on which is written "Prayer" in Chinese, show- corner there are in four characters, "He that believeth ing how both wings are necessary to become a (soaring) shall be saved." spiritual Christian. Special Offer. A sample copy of each of our local posters, 12 in No.6. The Fundamental Truths of the Gospel. Show- all, will be sent' post free in China only to any address on receipt ing a large "Fuh" (Happiness) character in front of the of $1.0(} either in stamps or C. 1. M. Note. cross, with descriptive sentences of the incarnation, crucifixion, resurrection, ascension.

No.7. The Sin Pictures. Three pictures on one poster: The deceitfulness of sin-a spider's web with insects caught in it.

A prisoner behind the bar, showing the bondage of sin. A black horse galloping towards a precipice-the dan- ger of sin.

No.8. Large character posters (size, 30×22 inches). Price, 5 cents each.

The character for "Come," printed in three different colors, with suitable texts, "Come unto Me," etc.

The character for "Righteousness" in three different colors, with appropriate explanations.

Orders may be sent with stamps or cheque to the Secretary, Bible Training Institute, C. 1. M., Nauchang, Ki.

Sets of Children's Posters, prepared by Miss Florence Luton, size 30×22 inches. Price, 10 cents each; or $1.00 per set of 10 in four colors.

No.9. The Train PostM', showing a man bound to railway track-descriptive of the danger and binding power of sin. The train judgment is seen approaching.

No. 10. Tke Boiling Kettle Poster. Showing a steaming hot kettle with a glowing fire underneath. The locomotive originally came out of the kettle, but as in every country, so in every church, locomotives-outstanding preachersare none too numerous. There is need, however, for a boiling kettle-a red hot witness for Christ-in every home.

No. 11. A Revival Prwyer Poster. Showing a Christian at prayer with his open Bible before him; the clock above him is pointing to 5 a. m. A scroll by the clock bears the verse, "In the morning will I direct my prayer unto Thee t Just published. New Gospel posters prepared by the Nanchang Bible Institute. C. 1. M.• Nanchang, Kiangsi; 42×30 inches; printed in three to four colors; ten cents each.

THE COLPORTEUR TO THE RESCUE Colporteur Lee Hiap Loong in Malaya reports that one day he met an old Hakka lady. He asked her to buy the Scriptures, but she gave no answer, scolding him instead, so he turned away. About a month later he visited the same place, and seeing four young chicks had fallen into the drain, he picked them out. They happened to belong to the old lady, who came out just at that moment and thanked him. She asked if he was still selling the Scriptures, and bought a Mandarin New Testament. Later she went to his house for interviews, and afterwards joined the Church, throwing her idols into the sea.-Fr01n the British and Foreign Bible Society Report.

in the Papuan

The Report of a Recent Trip Among Raw Heathen in the Abau District By RUSSELL W. ABEL, Kwato, Papua * Missionary of the Kwato Mission of Papua LTESS than two years ago (in November, 1935) ney from here on the way to Abau which we at Mr. Cecil Abel of the Kwato Mission, with a length reached on the third day. team of Papuan Christian evangelists visited After which a two and a half hours' journey the unevangelized villages of the Abau or Dore- round the beacons brought us finally to the man- vaidi district of Southeastern Papua. They found grove belt, in a clearing of which is tucked the the people steeped in murder, sorcery, warfare, little station Duram. Here the advance team that filth and many forms of sin. The response of .left Kwato ten days earlier and including Davida, some to the Gospel message was remarkable, espe- Merari, Alice and others, were awaiting us. They cially as these ignorant and degraded primitive had held camps at Segini-a group of villages of people saw and heard what Christ had done for "bush" people, about 700 in all, living up the Rob- their fellow Papuan members of the Christian inson River-and Ganai, a salt-water village of team. Five chiefs asked to return to Kwato with coastal Mailu-speakers. They had had a hard time Mr. Abel in order that they might see for them- at both places. At Segini the people simply took selves the results of the Gospel in the villages to to their heels at the approach of the campers.

the east. They came, they saw and were con- They camped away in their gardens and sent mes- quered by the evidences of the love and power of sages to say: Christ. (See September, 1936, REVIEW.) Then "We don't want missionaries. Weare ignorant they returned to their own villages to tell what Kunikas (bushmen). If you come you will doubt- they had seen and to try to win their people to the less make us wise. What then? Then the Gov- new Way of Life. ernment will say, 'These are not ignorant bush Here is the report of a subsequent trip made by people, they are mission people.' Then we shall Mr. Russell Abel and a Papuan team last May be made to pay taxes like the salt-water people."

when they visited the new district of Keveri and They had thought it all out. They reckoned it revisited the Dorevaidi villages. It is a story of was just a ruse, and they weren't having any!

modern wonders of the power of God to awaken (It should be explained that bush pepole, not hav- and transform ignorant savages through the work ing any means of making money, are exempt from of the Holy Spirit and the simple testimony of taxes.) Christian believers. What would be the results At Ganai it was the same. In the middle of the if such signs were always following those who be- village stands the dubu (temple) with its deeply lieve and follow Christ in America and other parts concave roof and almost vertically pointing gables.

of this disturbed and sin-stricken world! Mr. Within its dark recesses were incarcerated three Russell Abel reports: youths, initiates undergoing their period of seclu- Our team was a motley one, including Frank sion. These ceremonies are accompanied by Briggs (.a white visitor), Tiraka and a number feasts. It may be that the arrival of a team at of Kwato boys, village folk from different parts such an inopportune moment Was a cause of em- of Milne Bay and eleven young fellows from Bu- barrassment. However, the result was the same.

hutu Valley. Splendid workers the latter proved "We don't want you here," they said. "What to be-alert, disciplined, and experienced in per- good are you? Do you offer to pay our taxes for sonal work. Strangely enough a number of them us? No. Do you make our gardens grow any had never even been to Kwato, though they had better? No."- thoroughly assimilated all that Kwato stands for Nevertheless the guidance was for a week-end in the Christian life and testimony. We picked camp back at Ganai, which was held with very up the Buhutu contingent at Konemaiawa, the different results as will be seen.

nearest port of call for Buhutu, and a day's jour- We spent a day of preparation in Duram, dur- ing which the plan became clear to us-our vari- Ne•wThYeoArkm; erW icaanlteHreaMdqcuDaorutgerasll,ofTtrheiassumriesrs.ion is 156 Fifth Avenue, ous responsibilities allocated, and our swags and [416 ] provisions apportioned and packed in readiness. summit of a round-topped hill. A river bordered- One team was to make for Dorevaidi, and one for by trees wound in and out between the hills and Keveri. A third team, including the girls, was across the valley. From our height our boys to spend the week-end at Ganai, and then await eagerly speculated on suitable sites for football word from us before proceeding inland. We were grounds,! Some, really too modern for words, uncertain about what accommodation there would tried to decide upon the best place for a landing be. In fact we were entirely uncertain as to what ground for future aeroplanes! Papua, 1937. lay ahead, except that there was great opposition We returned~all tiredness gone, it is true-to to the Mission in Keveri, ;:tnd that heathen feasts the preparation of our evening meal. and dances (fertility rites) were in full swing in the district, which we learned at Abau, and which Some of the boys wandered up another track, made it still more unpropitious a time to be going which led to a tiny bush village. There were inland. A MUD BESMEARED WIDOW OF THE So we went! KEVERI DISTRICT Sunrise next morning found us aboard the K wato, rounding the beacons on the way to Abau, only two women at home, the rest of the inhabiand threading up the Babaguina River. We had tants having gone to a dance some distance away. morning tea on board, put the Ganai team ashore They told the women we were missionaries. at Ganai, half way up the river, and ourselves further up where the Keveri trail begins. By "Any white men with you?" 10 a. m. we were strung out in a long line, through "Yes." the Babaguina Plantation, and into the forest. "Who? Cecelo or Raso?" (Cecil and Russell We crossed a range of hills. Frank shot a young Abel.) wild boar, and at length we landed on a wide I was thrilled when I heard this, and from river bed (the Godoquina) on the other side of that moment felt no longer a stranger in a the range, at sundown, glad by then to call it a strange land. It was lovely to be known by day. We bathed in the icy, swift-flowing river, name, and in such unfamiliar surroundings. As cooked and demolished the pig, and parked our- we sat down to our meal we kept hearing furtive selvesl under the stars for the night. The next noises in the bush, a twig cracking, a faint rustle. morning, after a very helpful meeting together, We started calling, "Who is there? Is it a perwe set off again, and walked all day. son? Don't be afraid. We are Kwato mission- Two days tramp, boring further and further aries. If it is a person come out and see us." inland, up the stony bed of a rushing torrent, Presently a man cautiously emerged from the over another steep range (3,000 feet), and not a darkness into the light of our hurricane lantern. trace of humanity did we see. Just empty bush He was followed by two women, wrapped in country-miles of it. At sundown we called a bark-cloth blankets, peering over his shoulders. halt at a little clearing in the forest where a rough "barracks" had been erected. We threw ourselves upon the ground. Some started to light a fire and cook our rice. Two or three boys strolled off into the bush. In two minutes they were back, wild with excitement, and shouting, "Weare there! The open Keveri country is close to hand, miles of bare country." They begged us to come and see. "Oh, we are too tired," some of us said.

"Your tirednes,s will disappear when you see this wonderful sight. Ours did!"

We were carried away by their enthusiasm, and all jumped up and followed them up the hill. Suddenly the forest ended and miles of rolling, grassy country opened up to view. It was an exhilarating sight,and utterly unlike Papua. Our lads, never having seen anything but land heavily clothed in deep forest, found it breathtaking. The sun had set and delicious cool breezes swept up the hillsides, rippling the grass. In the distance was a little village perched on the

.One had an infant hoisted on her head. We Bolubaba. He is having a hard time. The peomade great friends with them, and eventually ple of his village have threatend his life and told pursuaded them to share our meal, which they him that if I, or Cecil, or anyone from Kwato appreciated. A shower ended our chat over a visits their village they will kill us. broad leaf piled with rice, and we scrambled into the rickety barracks, where we sang choruses We mounted a steep hill, on a shoulder of which and ended the day with a time of prayer and was perched the fenced village of Bolubaba. praise. There was Elebe, smiling welcome, and thrilled to recognize the members of the team he had met Early next morning we were strung out once at Kwato. Elebe had been led to believe that we more in a long line, crossing the grassy un- were coming and that he was to build a house in dulating Keveri plain. The road wound between readiness. Fortunately Elebe had acted on this conical hills. What villages we saw were perched guidance with the result that in the circle of dirty, on the summits of these hills. Our dinner guest crowded houses was wedged a nice, brand-new of the previous evening joined us as guide, and one, on high stilts, with a little balcony in frontmade himself quite one of the party (a -couple all ready for our occupation. The people were of days, later he was already embarked on the very friendly, and brought stacks of sugar cane Christian life). Women seeing us coming miles of the sweetest, juiciest variety. away, ran up the hills nearest the road, and called down to us as we passed: For the next three days we lived in this heathen village. The inhabitants, are continually sucking "Who are you? Where are you going? Who sugar cane, and throw the chewed refuse over the are the white men?" fence. This bred flies in millions and we could hear a constant hum in the background, like a dis- To this our guide responded: "Missionaries. tant organ. Everything in our little hut was Bolubaba. Raso and his friend. They say, 'Come crawling with flies. and see us at Bolubaba!' " The most curious feature of Keveri men is the On hearing we were missionaries they shouted, custom of wearing seven or eight smooth, horny "Agutoi!" (greetings) the Suau word which they tails from the backs of their heads. These are learned when Cecil and the first team came in- fixed on to the actual hair, permanently, and bound land and visited them eighteen months ago. Fur- tightly in leaf. The whole bunch of tails is then ther along two tall, well-built men, clad in the kept carefully covered with a wrapper that pulls scantiest scraps of bark-cloth, waylaid us and on backwards over the head. A little rattan halo seemed really glad to see us. One, an influential crowns the headdress, with tufts or sprays of casman and the heir of a village chief, said: sowary feathers· at the sides, and a fringe of stiff fibres frames the forehead. Over the fringe is "Cecil talked with me when he was here. He worn the shell homicidal ornament, which begins taught me how to pray to God and I have prayed at the right temple, crosses over the forehead like ever since." a bandeau, and hangs swinging down the left side to the knee. The cap or tail covering is tarred a (This, man is now converted and is coming to shiny black with a filthy mixture of wild syrupy Kwato for training.) honey and soot. And bodies are also shined up with a lacquering of sticky honey! This is in lieu This seems to have been a tactic of Cecil's, as of oil which, like salt, is a commodity entirely lackwe met several who told us this. Groping up- ing inland. The men are murderers. We looked wards toward God, through their ignorant into faces that appeared to be utterly bad. It prayers, had given the Holy Spirit His chance to would be hard to imagine a worse set of ruffians get into their hearts, and we found these marvel- than the male population of Balubaba, taken at lously ready. To others our words were unin- its face value. telligible, but in those, however heathen, who had prayed, there was a responsive chord. In Women seemed to be outnumbered by men, and some way prayer had meant something to them, we were pained to learn that tiny girls were alas they tried to tell us in limited, pidgin Motu, ready wives, and sadly enough wives of grisly old it had made them "feel sweet inside." They men; poor little drudges, cheated of childhood, wanted to know more. One man told me with and working like miniature old women at garden~ bated breath that he knew a little about God; he ing, carrying firewood, peeling and cooking. had been praying secretly, and it had made him strong. Now he is praying openly. Heathen though life in this village appeared, there was at the same time a bright and constant We were making for Bolubaba, Elebe's village. witness by Elebe and two men whom he has won. This man and a friend from further inland, spent These three let what light they had shine out. three months at Kwato, about six months ago, Every time strangers arrived they talked to or and returned, having been converted. Then silence engulfed them. The friend is entirely alone at a village about three days' walk from

EXPERIENCES IN THE PAPUAN BUSH

prayed with them. Often you would hear the "Why had we come?" murmur of prayer in some part of the village. Most important to all of them was the ques- Someone was being taught to look up. Women, tion, "Did we put a travatu–ban or taboo-on starting off for their gardens in the morning, their ceremonies, dances, headdress? If not, would first find one of these men and ask him to should they continue with the festivities that pray with them before they left. The women night? Would it be safe for them to do so?" seemed singularly ripe soil, poor souls. Chris- "Safe?" I queried, "What do you mean by tianity will be all gain to them. Morning and eve- that?" ning prayers were quite an institution in the vil- Well, they explained, if they went, in the face lage, although the antagonism of Mura, the chief, of our disapproval, would we make a prayer to made this difficult. Apart from the above three in- God and bring down His wrath upon them? quirers, there were a few people secretly intrigued There was great fear of this, and it was on this by the "New Way," but afraid of the others. that they really wanted our opinion. There seemed to be open disgust and impatience with the little handful of pioneers. Elebe is quite A KWATO TEAM WORKER AND A NEW CONused to unpopularity now. This was the situation VElRT FROM THE I NTERIOR OF PAPUA we seemed to find everywhere in Keveri. I replied that we had not come to make a lot of When Cecil Abel made his first brief tour of the taboos, or interfere with their affairs. We had district eighteen months ago the people had lis- brought a new kind of life altogether in which God tened attentively to all that the team had had to is our Master and we obeyed Him. They had not say. Many felt glad at the thought of an end of taken that step yet, and so were free to follow the old ways, and hoped the Mission would tame their own wishes. We said that God wanted them them and that killing would stop. But this respon- to turn to Him, not ignore Him. Probably when siveness was soon dispelled by wild reports cir- they changed they would not want many old cusculated as to the awful things it was alleged would toms any more, but in any case there was no happen if people started following the "New Way." "ban." These yarns eventually reached the Government ears and were attributed to distortions on the part This was the answer we felt led to give them, of converts from Dorevaidi (the adjacent inland but they were not quite satisfied. There were at district), misrepresenting what they had learned. least six men, three in Bolubaba, and three from I found no mystery whatever about the origin of other villages with whom some of the team had these stories, and traced them largely to three already had talks, and who were known by all to men, die-hards of the old Papua. They were all be openly "seekers." prominent in the feast and fertility rites that were taking place. Pr6bably the fear that the new "What about them?" the people asked. "Were ideas would upset the ancient traditions and cus- they coming to the feast?" "Well," I said, "I'm toms in which they were important personages, not stopping them. Ask them." made them kick all the more. Anyone, they said, who joined the "New Way" would die. Their gardens would not bear. If they decorated themselves, God would be angry and make the sun wax hot and scorch them to death. There were many other predictions, quite unrepeatable and descending to the ludicrous and the obscene. These primitive, superstitious people with their continual "touch wood" outlook on life, were frightened, and felt it safer to have nothing to do with the new missionary "medicine."

Many of them had very foggy ideas as to what we were. They seemed to regard the Mission as a kind of "government," unarmed, but in league with the unseen, which is far more terrifying to primitives than police, or a term in gaol. Without experiencing this, no one quite feels himself a complete man.

The first afteroon they all crowded round with straightforward questions, which I thought was a sign of intelligence.

One and all refused to go or let their wives go. wouldn't take all this trouble. And we are all too With regard to the latter there was no uncertainty occupied with our old customs even to come and whatever. Why? They said: listen to what you want to bring us."

"All that is darkness. We want you to show us I was quite taken back. The man's conscience light." was pricking; the Holy Spirit was working.

Elebe had thrown away all his sorcery para- The next morning nothing would induce him to phernalia. Some wanted to do likewise. The cere- go back to the long drawn-out festivities. The mony was full of sorcery, and other things for next evening he had given himself to Christ and which all the new converts lost their taste. was drinking in eagerly all we could teach him of the "New Way," and was himself taking part in .a By now the village was ,crowded and the din meeting. If you could have seen the contrast, the was great. There were children everywhere, and unlikelihood, humanly speaking, of such a thing women busy with cooking the evening meal in happening, you would be able to marvel, as we ingenious ovens of hot stones. Out came drums marveled, at the mighty power of God, who hears and headdresses, and conceited youths, eaten up and answers prayer. with pride in themselves, swanked about in their glory, danced, flaunted their feathers, and dis- The next day was the extra day we were led to charged their surplus energy on their drums. spend at Bolubaba. It coincided with the monthly Day of Prayer at Kwato. Many all over the world I asked a small boy, with a daub of red paint on were praying with us specially on that day. It his nose, whether he would like to come to Duram was a glorious day of witness and God gave us for a while and go to school. He swaggered up many opportunities on every hand to talk to peoand down among the crowd, looking comical with ple individually of Him and His way of life for bright red nose, shouting, "I'm going to Duram! them. We entered the people's houses freely, and I'm going to be a missionary!" although a few seemed impatient, most welcomed us and gave us the feeling that a great harvest Suddenly all decided it was time to clear off to was about to be reaped. That afternoon I was the scene of the night's revels, a little village privileged to be present at a little meeting of higher up the hill where food was displayed from Keveri converts – some could only just be called stands and trees, like a harvest thanksgiving. The that-and it was a joy to hear them sharing for drums accompanied a complete abandon to animal the first time their new experiences, and the thrillspirits all through the night. ing first steps that they were being guided to take.

The following day we spent in an empty village We had some good public meetings, in which I -that is to say empty except for the little handful refuted, or tried to, the wild rumors that had been who were occupied with higher things than the connected with our aims in coming among them. parade of world, flesh and devil that was going on The testimony of the Buhutu members of our team elsewhere. We had good talks with these few, but was a great help. They were able to tell a woncould not help feeling we had cornea long way to derful story of what had happened in their own visit a ring of empty houses. "bush" district, of communal life collapsing through fear of sorcery; of villages scattered We were convinced that we were to fight this through internal hatreds, and of the big change situation with prayer, and not accept defeat. We when individuals began letting God into their prayed for those dancers, asking God to bring hearts and lives; of the new, reconstructed life of them to an end of themselves, to satiation and to Buhutu with its flourishing, progressive villages stir them to some vision of the futility of the old controlled by God. They told the story well and degrading life. We prayed until we felt sure of made it personal as they told of their own inditwo things: first that we, that is the few of us vidual part in an this, their own surrender to who were passing through, should remain at Bolu- Christ. These converted "bush" lads were keen baba another day, and second, that all defeatism to do their part in the camp, and an important and any barriers in us had been surrendered and part it was. God's peace filled us instead. The end of this story has still to be told, as I The day wore on with its deserted, "Sunday-in- was only a member of a sort of "flying squad," Scotland" air, but that evening things began to making a hurried round. We set off from there, happen. We were settling down to our evening leaving the main team to carryon, to be reinmeal when a man returned from the feast caned forced later by Davida's team who were working me out. He wanted to apologize for his behavior, up towards Keveri from the Dorevaidi direction. and seemed most upset. We set our faces towards Dorevaidi, passing a filthy, dirt-strewn village where a feast had been "Why, what have you done?" I questioned. held, and later another village, Mukawala, where "Oh," he said, "this is the first time you have ever been to Keveri, and we all cleared out and left you. You have come all this way to teach us something. It must be something great, or you

festivities were in full swing. (They celebrated in The village and its inhabitants are clean; flower a different village each night.) This village too gardens are in front of the houses and a cleanwas in a filthy state, and the jaded crowd gath- swept air made us want to rub our eyes and make ered there looked worn out. They had been at it sure we were seeing straight. all night and looked fed up. Food lay about everywhere, and on a tall tripod where it had been dis- We were given a warm-hearted welcome. At played were still hanging gruesome-looking black- Keveri we had bought all our food from the nasmoked kangaroo-shrivelled and contorted, and tives, rather than have to carry supplies all the coils of smoked python. There were a lot of young way. At Bolubaba we had had a daily hoi-hoi fellows there, poor lads with evil faces, destined (market) when they had brought taitu (food) to for something far better. I compared them with be exchanged for salt. The food was poor, the some of the youth at Kwato, Sariba, Milne Bay good stuff having been devoted to feasting. Now and Bohutu. They were very cordial. We greeted at Ukoudi when women rolled up with net bags them all and hurried on our way as we had a long full of very excellent sweet potato and taro, as a march ahead. I prayed as I walked that God matter of course I opened the swag, and delved would capture the youth of Keveri, and show us for salt to pay them. how to train our own youth into an army of evangelists for the inland frontier. In response to my "Oh," they said reproachfully, "this isn't hoiprayer God gave me a distinct vision about this. hoi. This is our gift. We want you to feel that Three youths running after us asked me about this is your village too. All our food is yours." their dancing. From then onwards-and we stopped at Dore- "Why," they asked, "don't the 'changed ones' vaidi, Nebulu, Makaca and Kurondi and Domara join us?" -not once did we have to buy food. It was heaped upon us at each place and we did not know Elebe was with us so I asked him, "When you how to get through it. were at Kwato did anyone tell you not to dance?" I cannot describe the change, the difference, in "No," he replied. these villages. Dorevaidi is now like a well-run "Then why didn't you join last night? These mission station. The things one noticed first were boys want to know." cleanliness and discipline, and children playing- Elebe thought for a while, then smiled and a lovely sight that made one feel the Lover of chilpointed upwards. He added, "I have no wish to dren was there. We spent two nights at Dorego back to an that." (He would not leave his wife vaidi in a beautiful big house especially built for in that village for a moment-even in the day- the Mission, and had some great times with the time.) people. The reason why things are going ahead there is that the Christians are constantly on the I told them that God had a far better life for job, linking up with other villages further on. them and they were the ones to lead Keveri out of the old ruts and to take the "New Life" to new The farthest outpost is now Orodei, two days' districts. I said we didn't ban those things. journey beyond Dorevaidi, and we are expecting There was no need to. the first converts from Orodei to arrive at Kwato for training. "Wait till you are changed," I said, "you will have not time for such things then. Your lives Two men from Keveri came straight down to will be too full of real things. Like Elebe you the coast, to return to Kwato with us. One was will find, when you give yourselves to God, that the chief of Bolubaba, Mura, who has been a hot you won't care about an that. There is no ban opponent, and whom I was led to invite. To the for you. The only law we have who follow the amazement of all he consented to come. The 'New Way' is to obey God. That does not apply other man was a complete surprise, and the sequel to you yet." to our prayers for Mukawala. Apparently imme- diately after we had left that village the chief I reminded them that whether their tribes pro- leader of ceremonies also left. He announced that gressed, or remained chained to old things, de- he was sick of the whole business and was going pended on them, and prophesied that one day to Bolubaba to find something better. His friends they would open the way for God over those hills quarreled violently about this, but he said, inland. They looked wistful. "Why is it that people have come from every vil- Please pray that prophecy to its fulfilment. lage on the Keveri side for this feast and none We marched through the forest for two hours from Dorevaidi side? Because they are too busy and we emerged upon the village of Ukoudi. Here with new things while we are wasting our time a surprise awaited us. This is a new Christian with old rubbish." village that has recently been entirely rebuilt. The contrast with Mukawala we found a bit sudden! So he walked out on his own party and is now There are fine big houses, facing a lovely river. learning God's will for Mukawala at Kwato.

TO NEW FIELDS IN THE ANGLO-EGYPTIAN

Work in Ethiopia and the Sudan By TOM LAMBIE, M.D., Sc.D., F.R.G.S.

Missionary of the Sudan Interior Mission DECENT events in Ethiopia have emphasized A few months ago things in Ethiopia looked dis- ~ anew the unwillingness of the Roman Cath- couraging while recent reports are more prom- olic Church to countenance the presence of ising. We must be patient and see. In the mean- Protestant mISSIOnaries in countries dominated time there has been much disruption in Protestant by their influence. We can understand this feel- mission work. According to our latest reports ing although we do not sympathize with it. thirty-five of Sudan Interior missionaries are to be permitted to stay but these are less than half There seems to be some agreement between the Papal hierarchy and Fascist Rome; but there are of the force two years ago. This Mission, which also points of disagreement between them. The has united with the Abyssinian Frontiers Mission, desire to expel Protestant missionaries from cen- has decided to open a new work on the Anglo- tral Ethiopia may be inspired from the Vatican Egyptian Sudan side of the Abyssinian border in but Fascist Italy may also desire to have none but fulfilment of a former expectation. Italian subjects in Ethiopia, because they might interfere with a strict dictatorship. Mus'solini When Dr. Roland V. Bingham and the writer visited the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan last March the· would like to have things his own way without any Governor-General, Sir Steward Symes, in his first adverse comments from non-Italians. While such sentence remarked: "You do not need to convince an exclusive policy remains in force it makes me of the benefits of Christian missions. I have Protestant missionary work difficult if not impos- seen them at work and am convinced of their sible; even French and other non-Italian Catholic value."

missionaries have been expelled. Two weeks in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan was [422 ]

THE CONQUERING POWER OF CHRIST

much too brief a time for a real survey, but we the missionaries who are rendered homeless by were able to make a trip to the Blue Nile and the Italian occupation of Abyssinia. We hope to southern Fung area in a Ford V-8. South of open stations at once at Wisko and Kurmuk. The Khartoum we saw the Gezira irrigated area where latter town is on the Abyssinian border. Gedaref, thousands of acres are being cultivated to grow Kassala, Gallabat and other populous areas are some of the finest cotton in the world. This area on the Sudan Abyssinian border and are accessible was desert a few years ago. by train and motor car.

Wad Medami is a thriving city; farther south The whole area, from the Red Sea westward to are Singa and Sennaar; large villages, practi- Nigeria, is practically without Christian witness. cally all Mohammedan, dot the landscape. Still The United Presbyterians have missions at Kharfarther south, we traveled into the tropical forest toum and on the Sobat River; the Church Miswhere thorny trees are interspersed with enor- sionary Society workers are at Omdurman and in mous baobab trees, fantasic leafless giants which the far south; the Sudan United Mission workers are among the most curious trees in the world. are at Melut and .the Nuba Mountains. These are Still farther south, about seventy miles from only bright spots on an immense expanse of un- Roseires and only thirty or forty miles from Abys- evangelized territory. sinian border, are the Inghesana hills with curious rock formations like dolmans; here a range We flew from Khartoum to Kano, from the Nile of hills rises to a heighth of two thousand feet to the Niger, and until almost at the end of the above the flat Sudanese plain. journey, Maidukuri in Nigeria, a distance of nearly two thousand miles, we did not pass over On the sides of these hills and in the valley live any mission station. From Khartoum to Red Sea the Inghesana people from whom the hills take we would not have passed over any, excepting at their names. They are simple farm people who Khartoum itself. grow Kaffir corn in large quantities and have fine cattle. From the dom palm trees they gather What a privilege to have fellowship with our enormous quantities of dom nuts, the kernels of Lord in sacrificial service. This is not an easy which are intensely hard vegetable ivory. field, and we would urge no one to offer them- selves for service here unless they are prepared to These people are without any knowledge of sacrifice and endure hardships. Christ or in the ways of European civilization. If let alone they will soon become Islamized. To We covet your prayers and fellowship as we these people we are planning to go, with some of once more go forward in His Name.

The Conquering Power of Christ L _.o~ By PROFESSOR JULIUS RICHTER, Berlin, GermanYII~o,- O NCE more in our times there is an all-world in a few years or decades. They forget that none discussion of the greatest powers at dis- of these past empires have outlasted even a single posal of the human race. There are four generation; they were similar to Daniel's great different views. image, of imposing brightness yet with clay feet, and a single great stone cut out without hands, One group regards military armaments for smote the image upon his feet' of iron and clay land, sea and air as the greatest force; they lose and broke them to pieces. The iron, the clay, the sight of what has been so irrefutably proved by brass, the silver and the gold were broken to the Great War: that a sudden change of com- pieces and became like the chaff of the summer binations can cause such a transformation of the threshing floors! opposing fronts to emerge that all former calculations are void and futile. Others again think of money as the greatest power. Yet no country was ever able to amass Others think that if some great military genius, such riches of gold and silver and diamonds as like Alexander the Great or Julius Cresar or Na- Spain gathered to itself in the sixteenth century, poleon or Girgis Khan, emerges he will simply or the Inca Kingdom in Peru in the preceding sweep the globe and build up a world empire with-

century. Both of these countries were completely those curious mystery religions invading the Ro- impoverished within one short century and there man Empire from the East and for some centuries has been no recovery even after four or five cen- competing with each other, the balance for a cen- turies. Nothing is more perishable than material tury and a half being doubtful if Mithraism or wealth. Christianity at the very end would get the upper At present there appears to be a general over- hand. Christianity, to general surprise, turned valuation of the power of nationalism; it inspires out victorious, though an all-powerful army was people with a new vigor comparable to a mighty on the side of Mithraism. Yet that Mithraism was stimulant, with a gigantic explosive power, such a spent force to such extent that only the most as we see in Japan, for example. Yet in the his- modern research after fifteen hundred years has tory of the human race, which we know through rediscovered that a long long time ago it was conthe last six or seven thousand years, such national sidered a dangerous rival to Christianity. explosions are almost like the passing bubbles in Why has not Christ been forgotten? Why has a rushing stream; they change color or direction Christianity gone on victoriously? The next seven with the current for a short time, and then the or eight hundred years after Constantine were a wonderful age when all Keltic, Teutonic, Nordic, force is spent. and Slavic tribes exchanged their outworn tribal There is only one Power which through two religions for Christianity. Most of them, of their thousand years has never relaxed and which even own free will, preferred the new Christian relinow is showing no sign of evanescence, that is the gion and considered it the earnest of a new era in Spirit and power of Jesus Christ. Imagine that their national ascendency. you stood under the cross of Jesus in the time of Pontius Pilate and of Caiaphas, the High Priest. So it has gone on through the centuries; and it What would they have said? They would have is a fascinating history to follow, tracing the adpointed in scorn at the young man on the gibbet; vancing Christian faith across land and sea, from a poor artisan from an obscure corner of Galilee, continent to continent. The world missionary at the frontier of heathendom. They would have movement is the vanguard of the advancing power said that He had been parading for two years, like of the Spirit of Christ. some scores of other upstarts, as the promised Messiah, and that the faithful nation of Jews had Here is one point of orientation in our modern discarded him; the political power of Rome had world-wide campaign. We look back on two thoualso justly put him away as a rebel; the highest sand years of victorious advance, no world power ecclesiastical authority had also condemned him we know of has in any respect a comparable as a blasphemer. Of course they would have said record. We study the particular energies which that this Jesus was discredited and destroyed even Christianity has supplied at different times and more than any other previous upstart messiah. among different nations. We ,admire that won- Even the small group of his adherents had de- derful adaptability which could fit into the speserted him. He was ending in shame and despair, cial environment it was facing in different counfor they had heard his last words: "My God, why tries and races; we wonder how it could integrate hast thou forsaken me?" and develop to a higher perfection all spiritual and rational equipments; how it could become in- What would Pontius Pilate have said if you had digenous to such an extent that St. Mary is looked hinted to him that within three of four centuries upon as Polish in Poland and the Sainted Virgin the emperor of the Roman empire would bow his of Guadeloupe has become Aztec in Mexico. With knees before the name of this Jesus and, with the Greeks Christianity developed their philosognashing teeth, would confess: "Thou has con- phy; with the Romans this new faith promoted quered, 0 Galilean!" All types of historians have statecraft; with the Germans "the Holy Roman pondered over the victorious Power which in so Empire became of German nationality" as the short a time was pervading and recasting the earthly incarnation of the Kingdom of God; with mightiest empire the world had yet known. Many the British Christianity inspired their imperial reasons have been advanced but, whatever causes progress with religious responsibility. The relimay have contributed, there can be no doubt that gion of Jesus Christ is still proving its divine the one underlying spiritual Power has been the origin by its wonderful flexibility and power to Christ, himself, the Power of God and the Wis- become all things to all nations, to rejuvenate, dom of God. and purify and enrich all. Missionary-minded' Christians pause for a moment, we look around History did not end at the cross or with the con- and take up our spiritual armor and battle cry quest of the Roman empire. Someone might have anew: In hoc signo vincemus. "Under this ban- imagined that Christianity had been only one of ner we conquer."

Women's Work in a Country

By MRS. JAMES D. WYKER The Federated Church, North Jackson, Ohio "JUST what is woman's work in the country to church rolls and having contests to increase at- church?" I asked a little lady with snow- tendance. He was not a Presbyterian or a Bap- white hair who has been a life-long member tist or a Methodist seeking to sprinkle or immerse, but a Christian out to reveal God, change life and of one. save individuals. He insisted ona decent society "Why paying the preacher and keeping up the in which religious people might be more religious; He desired that the hungry might be fed. He had church building repairs," she answered. Then no fear and did not hesitate to condemn sin whershe hesitated and added, "And, of course, mission- ever he found it, even the corruption of the politiary giving. Women have always done that. Not cal system of his day. People believed Him not many, but a few of us alway.s send in our appor- only because of words He spoke but because they tionment to the Board." saw a radiant personality on fire with a divine message – a man who lived what He preached. "And for what is the missionary money used?" I inquired again. The country church today has the unique oppor- tunity of carrying on this same simple kind of re- "Preaching the Gospel," came back emphatically. "Saving souls."

I went next to an enthusiastic young minister's wife who, with her husband, has dedicated her ligion, unhampered by big church-building debts, life to the work of the rural church. set forms and ceremonies, large maintenance ex- pense. Because of the unique position of the coun- "What is woman's work in the country church?" try church, rural women have unusual oppor- I asked. tunities.

"Helping her church rethink its reason for In the first place, the farm home continues to existing," came the unhesitating reply, "urging it be something of a unit even in a complex, modern to place life ahead of creeds; showing that its world. There are chores to be done and responfield is THE COMMUNITY and that every unreached sibilities that need to be placed on young shoulperson is a responsibility of the church. All of this-with the belief that sharing the message of ders. The family shares many experiences, even Jesus Christ around the world is a task for the its social life, and the minister of the rural church entire church." ministers to the entire family. Woman's work in the country church is first of all to recognize this In her enthusiasm she had generalized, but as and try to preserve family unity, for it is a real I talked with her later I received specific answers in very definite terms. asset to church life.

As I talk with rural church women today, I find The rural woman in many communities today is many eagerly and earnestly agreeing with this faced with the fact that her children attend a fine, young minister's wife. well-equipped Consolidated School during the week The function of the rural church woman has and, on Sunday, must leave their friends and go (if they go) to a small, competitive, denominachanged today because the program of her church tional church. She realizes that though the docis changing. And is it surprising that her church trines of her church are important and she will program is changing to meet new needs? The probably continue to believe them, the emphasis heart of her work continues the same-the shar- of religion today should be, as in the ministry of ing of the teachings and message of a young, rural Jesus, on life. She realizes that if the rural church evangelist, Jesus Christ; but her method of work is to continue its ministry, Christians must learn is changing as she finds the experience of her children to be different from her own a genera- to work together and in cooperation with other tion ago. character building agencies. Small, competitive The religion of Jesus was very simple. Grow- churches, unable to support a resident minister, ing up in a country home, his school the country- will find it difficult to challenge other cooperating side, the beauty of the out-of-doors keeping him groups in the community and to do much about close to the heavenly Father, He grew to under- the large, unreached number of people within its stand and sympathize keenly with people and their boundaries. problems. Religion to Him was not adding names Another responsibility of the c.ountry woman [425 ]

today is to develop an interest in her church for petuation of the Woman's Missionary Society, as wholesome recreation, especially for young peo- such. They do not seem to care that the men are ple. It is unnecessary for rural youth to drive indifferent to the missionary program of the into the city for commercialized "wreck-reaction" church and that the majority of the children and when the country has so much to offer in recrea- young people are unreached. Again it is organ- tion activities. Rural recreational leaders, arti- ization, rather than life. If only our vision could sans in leading folk games and other forms of co- enlarge to see the whole, to know that most men operative play are being developed. Some rural and children and young people are interested once communities have the satisfaction of seeing their they know! Someone has facetiously said that for young pople interested in worthwhile social life, too long in our church work, men have sung: in which the majority participate, while the public Take my wife and let her be dance halls and the beer gardens move out of the Consecrated, Lord, to Thee.

community. Most of us who have tried to interest our men "Camps for Mothers" are very valuable in many and boys, with the same fervor and intelligence rural communities. It seems unbelievable, but we have used in the women's missionary work, rural mothers are finding they can lay aside for a have found them responsive and interested. Just few days the responsibilities of home and family as the church should see that the religion of Christ and go off for recreation in the out-of-doors. permeates all groups and agencies in the commu- Many farm women discover unusual beauty at nity, so the Woman's Missionary Society should their very doorsteps. The busy, crowded days at see that the cause of missions is enthusiastically home and the fact that the sunrise, the moon, the trees, the stars "have always been there" has shared with all groups. I know a mother, a memkept many of these women from being conscious ber of a Woman's Missionary Society, who comes of these "aids to worship." home from the missionary meetings and usually says, as she sighs, "Well, that's over for another One rural parish in New York state has built its month" and then wonders why her husband and own cabin in a woods and each year the farm . daughter are not interested in missions! mothers look forward to the cherished days of Jesus had a high regard for womanhood. In rest and relaxation. A rural cooperative church the centuries following his death on the Cross, in Ohio has a camp of its own where each year, woman has achieved more freedom and education. along with other age groups, the rural women live I wonder sometimes, as He watches the Marys and together for a few days. These women look for- Marthas of our rural homes today, if He does not ward to the discussion periods each morning fol- wish we would follow Him more intelligently and lowing the nature hike when they consider such give more time and thought to His work. I wontopics as "Family Worship," "Personal and Home der if He watches eagerly for a Mary Magdalene Relationships," and "The Missionary Task of the as He sees us drag about our church work, giving Church." In the afternoon they read, sleep and only left-over time, attending the Ladies' Aid and rest, following the creative craft period, and then the preaching services because we think we go swimming. After the evening meal, they walk should, and giving to missions only after we have over the ravine and climb up Vesper Hill where, paid for new clothes and other things. away from all worry and burdensome responsi- A story is told of an old colored woman sitting bility, they "draw near to God." on the steps of a church during a Woman's Rights If rural women are to have new visions for meeting in Akron, Ohio, in 1851. She listened to work in the country church today, they must take the fiery speeches by the men for quite awhile, de- time from their labors for rebuilding and rethink- nouncing the idea that women should vote, deny- ing. Out in these well-planned camps (where ing her intelligence, etc. Finally, unable to stand there are no meals to cook and no dishes to wash) it any longer, the old woman walked to the front they find their physical bodies relaxing and rest- of the church, pointed her finger at the men and ing while, at the same time, their spiritual life is said, "If de fust woman God ever made turned quickened. Tired mothers go away more radiant, dis world upside down all by herself, dese women happy Christians. If only rural women would all togedder can set it right side up again and you look about them and discover the material avail- men better let 'em do it."

able for use! If only they would insist on having I pause to wonder what the future of the coun-, a minister trained for his task, knowing and lov- try church might be if rural women "all togedder"

ing rural folk, they would find material and re- would consecrate themselves to the building of sources at hand. . the New Rural Church, where Christians would There are many Woman's Missionary Societies put life ahead of dead dogma and where the coun- (and they are not all in the country) that seem tryside might again hear and share the message to believe that the ultimate goal in life is the per- of the rural teacher, J.esus of Nazareth.

Arab Consults a Missionary Doctor*

A Monolog Purporting to Giv~ the Reaction of an Arab Gentleman of Baghdad to the Christian. Message By the REV. JAMES CANTINE, D.D., Stone Ridge, New York One of the Founders of the Arabian Mission of the Reformed Church in America Persons: pital? Well you can go down and, if you see him, Abd el Kadir, a well-to-do Arab. ask him to come up. . . . Wait! Before you go Zarifa, one of his wives, very ill. open this door by my side and stretch a curtain Amina, his daughter, eight or nine years old, attend- across the doorway. Then tell the servants to bring Zarifa in that room and lay her down by ing mission school. the curtain." Ahmed, his son, fifteen or sixteen, attending Govern- (Servant goes out.) ment School of Engineering. Abdullah, his servant, probably of slave descent. The American missionary doctor.

Place: "I take refuge with God from a house full of women! I hope that doctor will not mind being Abd el Kadir's reception room, long and narrow, with asked to give medicine to a woman." (Turning to chairs and little tables down each side. Doors at curtain.) "Ha, Zarifa, now stop that crying! I each end. Just outside the entrance door Abdul- know it hurts, but it is God's will, is it not? Every- lah is stationed with a charcoal fire for keeping thing that happens is written in His book. Listen, the coffee hot. The door at the head of the room I have sent for the American doctor and, if God where Abd el Kadir is seated opens into another wills, he will give you ·some medicine. Only be room. quiet.

When Abdullah is called he enters and crouches down "Ah, here he comes." (Arises, steps forward before his master. The children kiss the hand of and touches the hand of the doctor.) their father and stand until bidden to be seated. "May God make your morning happy, 0 doc- Abd el Kadir is seated, fingering his beads. He listens, frowns and calbs out, "Abdullah !" tor. In the name of God be seated. If it pleases (The servant enters and Abd el Kadir speaks.) God you are well? Praise be to God I am very "Abdullah, what is this screaming about? well. "You say that Zarifa is very sick! Yes, I know. "Do you drink? smoke? No?" (Calls to Abdul- lah.) That slave woman has been here and has cauter- "Abdullah, coffee! …• ized her, has she not? They are paid according "I have had my servant ask you to come in, 0 to the number of burns they make so I suppose doctor, so that you might, if God wills, give medi- they have done a good job. cine to one of my women. It is scarcely worth "But you say that she gets no better, and that while taking your valuable time, but you were the other women object to her cries and say I passing by and- Yes, that is she whom you hear must do something. God deliver me from such moaning behind the curtain. You can ask her evil! What can I do about it? It is all as God any question you wish. She has been sick severa} wills. I could divorce her. That is easy; just to days and they say she is getting worse.

say three times 'I divorce you' . . . "Oh, no! You cannot see her, but I will let you "Yes, I know, her family is important and I feel her pulse. Zarifa, put your hand under the.

cannot send her away sick as she is. curtain. There doctor!

"What is that you say? . . . Why don't I send "Yes, I expect she is very ill.

for the American doctor? What do you know "You say that if you saw her you might help about him? her? But that is quite impossible. From the time "You hear he is clever and you think he has a I took her no man but myself has seen her face.

kindly face. And he passes by the door every "You say that she may die? That is as God morning about this time on his way to his hos- wills…. You are sorry that there is no woman • Copies of this monologue may be secured from The Woman's doctor here, and you hope that sometime you will Board of Foreign MiSSions, Reformed Church in America, 25 East have a woman doctor to work in your hospital?

22d Street, New York, for ten cents a CODY.

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As God wills! . But you can give her medicine "And how is my little daughter today? Sit to keep her quiet, can you not? I will send my servant to the hospital for it. down here on this cushion by your father's side.

"And your fee, 0 doctor? Your lips are cold, Amina, where have you been? "What, no regular fee? You say that I can give what I wish! Very well, I will send it to the hos- "You are just back from school? Tell me about pital by Abdullah. It will not be a very large fee, but if you get enough of them you will one day that school. It is the American school, is it not? be rich, will you not? "What is this you say? You do not keep these Do you like it? fees for yourself, but use them to buy medicines for the very poor! Ah, that is almsgiving. Alms- "You do! Why? .. You like the school begiving is one of the five pillars of our faith as given to us by our prophet Mohammed, upon cause the teacher is so kind? Is that all? whom be prayers and peace! "Pardon me, 0 doctor, but before you go will "You say that she talks so nice about God! you tell me how you live if you take no fees for yourself? We know your government does not What does she say about God? . . . That He pay you as some governments pay their doctors. "What! You say that the Christian people of loves you and that you must be a good girl and try America send you money enough for your expenses, because their religion tells them to help to please Him. And have you learned about the other people? I am surprised! I did not know the Christian religion was like that. holy prophets, Amina? Which one do you like "Just one more question. Will you tell me why you left America and came here? It seems you best? will not get rich in Baghdad; it is not a very healthy climate for foreigners and you are far "The prophet Jesus! And why do you like the away from your friends. "You say that you have come because you love prophet Jesus best? . . . You say because He the prophet Jesus and want to follow His example. . . . And now you want to ask me a question! took little children in his arms and talked so nicely That is only fair. "Do I know about the prophet Jesus? Oh, yes, to them. But has she not taught you about the the Holy Koran tells us that He was without sin and did many miracles like the other prophets. prophet Mohammed, upon whom be prayers and "Yes, there may be more about Him in your book, but you know that the prophet, Mohammed, peace? upon whom be prayerl and peace, is the seal of all the prophets and that is enough for us. "Nq! Well, Amina, I think it is time for you "You wish I would read more about the prophet Jesus? Well, 0 doctor, some time, if God wills it, to go to another school where you can learn all I will look for a book that tells more about him. "Will you be going now? I am obliged to you. about our holy religion of Islam. Go in the safety of God!" "What! You don't want to go! Now don't cry, (As the doctor goes out, Abd el Kadir continues.) my daughter, don't cry. Perhaps I will leave you "That doctor seems a good man and he does awhile longer in the American School. But tell have a kindly face. Perhaps some time I might be interested in knowing more about the prophet me what else you learn besides reading and Jesus. writing. "Abdullah! Did you take Zarifa to her room and shut the door so that her crying will not "Oh! To sew ? You make dresses for little annoy the other women. Here, take five rupees to the hospital and bring back some medicine for her. girls? But that is foolish; your father can buy Wait! Is Amina about the house? Send her in to me." all the clothes you need.

(Enters Amina and kisses her father's hand.) "You say that they are not for yourself, but for the poor little girls in the school who do not have good dresses! Well! Well! You can go now, 0 my daughter, go and play." (He soliloquizes.) "Now what shall I do? There is nothing to which I can object, but I am afraid of that Chris- tian school. But that reminds me!" (He calls.) "Abdullah! Tell Ahmed that his father wants to see him." (Ahmed enters and stands before his father.) "Ahmed, I am much displeased with you. Some- one saw you going into the house of the American preacher. Is that right? So? Sit down. How did you come to know him?

"He gave a lecture in your school about sanita- tion in America, did he? What does he know about sanitation?

"Oh, he was an engineer before he was a preacher, was he? Well, all that is the business of your principal. But why did you go to his house? _ "You say that he asked the boys to come and'

see some pictures he had brought from America?

Pictures? Why, Ahmed. Now I a.m angry! You know I have forbidden you to go and see those dreadful, disgraceful American pictures!

"But these were not cinema pictures? What then?

AN ARAB CONSULTS A MISSIONARY DOCTOR

"Pictures of bridges and public buildings in that knows me see you buy it. I would be dis- America and England and Russia 1 God curse the graced if it were known that I wanted a Christian Russians, they make it very hard for a good Mos- book. Be careful about that.

lem to live in Russia. But did he say anything "What 1 You have such a book. What does this about religion? . .. He did 1 What? mean? You a MOi>lem and my servant, having "That there is freedom for all religions in such a book 1 How did you get it?

America 1 But, Ahmed, you don't want to know "You say that you were going past a shop and about any other religion than Islam. . . . You you heard someone reading out of a little book do? Why? about the prophet Jesus, and it seemed such good "You will not feel educated -like the boys in words that you bought it.

other countries-unless you know about other re- "You have it here? Give it to me at once so ligions? (Abd el Kadirshakes his head in dis- that I can tear it up." (Abdullah takes a little sent.) And did he say anything about his reli- Gospel from unde~ his garment and gives it to his gion? master.) "So he talked about the prophet Jesus and His "Go away I" (Abdullah leave'S the room.) teaching 1 Well, you have heard enough about "Shall I tear it up? But it may have the name that, ·so do not go again. . . . But you want to of God written in it and I cannot harm that Holy go next Sunday with the other boys? What boys? Name. And this may be the book I wanted to "Well, if the judge and those other men let their buy. . . . I shall just see how it begins. (Turns sons go, I suppose I ought not to object. What is to the beginning-it would be the end of the book he going to talk about? to us-and reads.) 'In the beginning was the "Oh, yes 1 I did see a notice of it in the paper. Word.' The Word? Why that is the name the It says he is giving a series of lectures on the Holy Koran gives to the prophet Jesus. Can there prophet Jesus-His Teaching about Personal Hab- be truth in this book? . . .

its, and Family Life, and Government. Now see "Shall I see what is marked? (Turns pages and here, Ahmed, you go next Sunday and then come reads.) 'I am the way and the truth and the and tell me all about it so that I can correct what life.' The Way? Why we pray five times a day is wrong. . . . That is all, 0 my son I" (Ahmed and ask Allah to 'Lead us in the "right way.'" kisses his father'lS hand and retires, being careful Here is someone who says, 'I am the Way.' Who not to turn his back upon his father.) could say that (reads) 'Jesus Said.' I don't under- "Now, what shall I do about these, my children? stand. He is a holy prophet, but how could he Amina-it would break her heart if now I took say that He is the way to God? . . .

her away from the American School. And then "I will read in just one more place. (Turns I am told that she is a much better girl at home pages and reads.) 'Because I live ye shall live than she used to be-more obedient, kinder and also.' Did Jesus say that? Yes? Strange 1 Of does not use bad words. Shall I send her to an- all the prophets Jesus is the only one our Holy other school and have her become a good Moslem, Koran says did not die, but is now alive in heaven. or shall I let her remain where she is and have Can this be the ground for His saying that those her grow up to be a good woman? who believe in Him shall be with Him in paradise?

"And Ahmed 1 It seems that the young men of "What book is this? Why have I never seen it today want to see all things and decide for them- before? Is this the book I half promised the doc- selves; and they cannot be ruled as I was ruled tor I would read some day? Will it tell me about by my father. It will be better if I try to guide the Jesus that my little daughter loves? Are there Ahmed away from these Christian influences. here the teachings of Jesus that my son wants to Perhaps I ought, myself, to know more about the know about? Shall I, dare I, read it from begin- prophet Jesus. That doctor wants me to know ning to end?

more about His teaching. And I would like to "Surely I am a Moslem. (Recites the creed.) know why my little daughter loves Jesus more 'There is no God but God, and Mohammed is the than she loves Mohammed, upon whom be prayers prophet of God.' But Jesus is our prophet also.

and peace. If I find out the falseness of the teach- Who can forbid me knowing all I can about him?

ing of Jesus then I can correct Ahmed's wrong "If the story of Jesus can make a man like the impressions. doctor come out here just to follow His example; "But where can I get a book about the prophet if this story makes my little daughter love Jesus Jesus? I will ask Abdullah. whom she has never seen; and if it makes my son "Abdullah 1 Abdullah, is there a bookshop in want to know about His teaching, then I ought to the city where they sell books about the prophet read it. (Puts the book reverently on the table.) Jesus? . . . There is 1 Well, I want you to go And if here is the 'straight path' we pray that and buy me such a book. But don't let anyone we may follow, dare I walk therein? God Knows."

Unchanging Missionary

A Challenge and Appeal of Fifty Years Ago* By ARTHUR T. PIERSON Editor-in-Chief of the "Review" for Twenty-three Years. This Year Is the Centenary of His Birth THE argument and the appeal in behalf of These providential signals, and these gracious missions are unsurpassed for variety and signs, being once truly recognized and realized, cogency. . . . The very watchword of the make duty a delight; the work of missions be- Christian life is obedience, and our great Captain comes no longer the cold necessity of obedience, has left us His marching orders: "Go ye into all but the most inspiring, enrapturing privilege.

the world and preach the Gospel to every crea- Only some such exalted conception of this last ture." Such a plain command makes all other commission, and of the supreme blessedness of a motives comparatively unnecessary. . . . Where loving fidelity to our stewardship in the Gospel, there has been given a clear, divine word of au- can lift the Church of God to a higher plane of thority, immediate, implicit submission and com- praying and giving. Better than the conscience pliance will be yielded by every loyal, loving dis- that drives, is the love that draws to the work of ciple. Even to hesitate, for the sake of asking a missions. Once brought to the white-heat of pas- reason, savors of the essence of rebellion. sion for souls, we are henceforth "weary with When our great Commander left us this last forbearing and cannot stay" in apathetic idleness precept, however, He annexed to it a most inspir- and silence; the inward fire must have vent. It ing promise: "Lo, I am with you alway, even unto is no longer hard to give, but hard to withhold; the end of the world." That promise has been and, better than the most princely gifts of money, conspicuously and marvellously fulfilled in con- we shall give ourselves "a living sacrifice." . . .

nection with missions; for Christ has been with One startling and comprehensive fact should us, both by His providence and by His grace. The be clearly kept before us-that all the stupendous argument and appeal, found in this providential movements and changes which we have to record, and gracious Presence, have not been properly or refer to, have taken place within less than a considered and appreciated. . . . century! . . . Within the nineteenth century what The providence of God is especially apparent in astounding changes have taken place! That bugle- missions, in the opening of doors, great and effec- call of William Carey has rallied all Christendom.

tual; in the removal or subsidence of barriers; God has opened the two-leaved gates, until the in the preparation of the field and the workmen; last of the hermit nations unbars the doors of ex- in the provision and protection of the la:borers; clusion and seclusion and welcomes to her ports and in the revealing and unfolding to the Church the messenger of Christ. Even the most enthu- of His set times, seasons, and measures for secur- siastic student of missions fails to apprehend and ing new advance and success. Such divine provi- appreciate the grandeur of such colossal move- dence becomes to God's people a glorious and in- ments. Wonderful, indeed, that a hundred open spiring signal both that He is always with them, doors, great and effectual, God should set before and that His pleasure shall prosper in their hands. His Church; but more wonderful the ways in The grace of God appears in missions, espe- which, by keys of His own, He has unlocked the cially in working mighty results and effects, such gates of hermit nations. When, in 1793, William as are plainly attributable only to the Divine Carey, that pious, learned cobbler, went forth as Spirit. These results are wrought not only in in- the first foreign missionary from English shores, dividuals, but sometimes in whole communities; the whole world was comparatively locked against there are some transformations that deserve to missionary enterprise; there was scarce one real be called transfigurations. In the workmen, also, opening into pagan, papal, or Moslem lands to whose consecration to such heroic labors develops preach the Gospel in its purity, or win converts, in them an exalted type of piety, and even in those without molestation and persecution both to the.

who earnestly pray and liberally give for the sup- missionary and the convert. Now the whole aspect port of the work, similar unmistakable fruits of of the world is changed, and there is scarce one this grace appear and abound. . . . closed door, or community where the preacher may not go with the open Bible, or where the convert • From the first chapter of "The Crisis of Missions," published may not, in publicly confessing allegiance to Jesus, In 1886, a great volume that aroused the Church to the claims of Foreign Missions. claim the protection of law.

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I Effective Ways of Working 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~~i==========================~ Shall We Study "The Church ing in towns and villages, un- moving pictures that are so ef- in Rural America"? duly small memberships (aver- fective in the assembly periods age of less than 100, with annual of mission study schools-all of There is a tendency in some per capita expenditure of $13.27 which indicates the trend toward as against $21.50 in cities), in- activating study rather than letquarters to answer in the nega- adequate ministry as to training, ting it pause with "information nonsupport, inability to give full- and inspiration"-which tend to tive in view of the absence of the time service, etc., lack of trained be static. lay leadership, denominational picturesque and dramatic in the competition and overlapping, BAPTIST BOARD OF MISSIONARY EDUtheme, and the apparent diffi- etc. Topping all these is a psy- chological difficulty in getting CATION, 152 MADISON AVE., NEW culty in concreting it sufficiently new standards and a broader outlook, with an unchanged in- YORK: for the younger folk. But no stitution in a changing world. reader of THE REVIEW can fail, Our best endeavors are called for Beginners- in "creating a new moral and after noting the contents of its spiritual top soil for Rural Handwork, visualizations, stories: June issue, to see that nothing America." "The Singing Farmer," 68 cents; of more practical nature or im- "The Friendly Farmers" – projmediate urgency has been offered From r e c e n t' contributions ects and activities included, 50 by the Central Committee for submitted by various denomina- cents; "Farm Life Panel Postour consideration if we are to tional boards of missionary edu- ers" – four brown sepia panels, give the 31,000,000 and more cation, the following materials 12×36 in., with colored cut-outs people (half the entire popula- are cited because they are good to be pasted on, 50 cents. (Order tion) who are tilling God's Gar- in quality and of a sufficiently these from The American Baptist den their opportunity for "the universal character to be used Publication Society, 1701 Chestabundant life." Nor does this with little adaptation by mem- nut St., Philadelphia, Pa.) ; concern dwellers in country and bers of any communion. No one "Farmers in Many Lands"-picsmall towns alone. It is our com- denomination can hope to be ture sheet of 12 pictures, four on mon problem in view of our in- sufficient for even a fraction of American rural life, from which terdependence and the complex the task. And it is only by picture books may be made as situation created by the two mi- friendly borrowings that we can handwork, 25 cents; "Rural Life grations – the exodus of farm- hope to attain all-round effi- Through Teaching Pictures" – 8 bred youths toward the city and ciency. Along with specifically pictures llx15 in., 50 cents. the recent reverse trend caused denominational offerings will be by economic conditions – this found materials from neutral Primarylatter throwing the responsibil- sources, belonging in the units ity for the early training of a merely because they have been Handwork and visualizations the large proportion of our citizen- selected and fitted in by the sev- iJame as for Beginners. Stories: ship upon country homes and eral missionary education boards "The World on a Farm" – illuschurches. The rural world is as best shaping up to their stand- trated narratives, 25 c en t s; confronted by new problems and ards for graded Sunday school aggravated old ones in which we and age-group study. These di- * "Over the Hills and Far Away" all have a common stake. The rect transcripts from the lists economic ones are at the very submitted save space otherwise -series of graded home mission storm center of our national life to be consumed in separate cita- stories, 15 cents. -child labor, the sharecropper tions of publishers, etc. Attensituation, inadequate educational tion is especially directed to the Juniorsfacilities, reforestation and wealth of devices for visualizaplowing of submarginal lands, tions and activations, particu- Handwork, projects and activisoil conservation, collapse of cot- larly to the stereopticon and ties: "Out in the Country," 50 ton tenancy, wage-and-time ad- cents; "Farm Life Panel Postjustments, racial antagonisms [431 ] ers" as listed above; "Picture and a score of others. The reli- Map of the U. S."-art map 30×50 gious ones are even more vexing in. with 18 sketches to be colored and far-reaching – over-church- and pasted on, 50 cents; "Rural Life Teaching Pictures" as pre- viously listed.

Stories: * "Friendship Tales from Far and Near Trails," 15 cents.

Intermediate and Young People- Handwork, etc.: Several of the sets listed above; "Willson's Gummed Paper Letters and Fig- ures"-27 sizes and styles – free from The Tablet and Ticket Co., 115 E. 23d St., N. Y.; "Velox

Transparent Water Color Stamps" and his sharecropper tenant; study abounds in fine story material; the -perforated stamps of 12 colors, of local rural schools; inquiry of four "ranges" rounding up the sub- to be dissolved in water, with librarians as to type of books avail- ject in the closing meeting in a way four brushes and instructions, able and expense thereof; steps to to incite to action. "The Migrant Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, supplement this by making more Map" is another program of a most N. Y., $1.00. Stories: "The Ad- reading matter available; study of practical character, fitting in with ventures of Mr. Friend," 25 cents; cooperative marketing with view to the general home mission theme. its establishment in the community; Outline, 20 cents. * "The Church of the Country- demonstration of social and cultural work in drama, art, music or recrea- The women's group offers as a three side" -10 graded home mission tion and investigation as to facili- months' inset to their booklet on stories, 15 cents. ties for these among your rural citi- "Journeys," a set of outstanding zens; s p e cia 1 investigation of programs on "Journeys Along Rural Visualizations: S t ere 0 p tic 0 n churches in the vicinity as to pas- Roads," in which full directions are slides with coordinated lectures- tors, salaries, equipment, Sunday given for a panel discussion, an "The Little White Church on the schools, type of service most needed; original chart study on "Forward Hill"; "On Lonely Trails with organization of local groups for co- Together for Better Service," and Colporter Missionaries"; "The operation in the Peace Movement. "Journeys Toward the New Day"- Colporter Country," $2.00 each impersonations of the seven groups and carriage both ways. PRESBYTERIAN BOARD OF NATIONAL of rural folk listed in the textbook. MISSIONS, CENTRAL DISTRIBUTING While the program booklet inclusive WOMEN'S MISSIONARY SOCIETY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE MIS S ION of the foregoing contains much UNITED LUTHERAN CHURCH, 723 BOARDS, 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW other cleverly conceived program MUHLENBERG B LD G., PHILADEL- YORK: matter, it is all of such a nature PHIA, PA.: that its form and manner of pres- Adult course on "Rebuilding Rural entation are universal and usable "Teaching Pictures on Rural Life America," 25 cents; study book of by folk of any communion. Price, Around the World" – 8 large pic- that name, 60 cents and $1. 50 cents. tures of country folk of different lands, 50 cents; plays-"The Call Young People's and Senior's unit "Early Missionary Journeys" is a of the Hills," 5 cents; "At Devil's on "Highland Heritage"-breaking separate booklet containing a full Nose" (mountain m iss ion a r y down of isolation in Appalachian year's devotional studies in complete sketch), 15 cents; stories – "Ra- Life, 25 cents; book, 60 cents and outline. Price, 15 cents. channy of the Southern Mountains," $1. "Rosann," "Spunk," "Jest Gals," 2 A number of worthful sugges- cents each or 6 for 5 cents. Intermediate unit by Grace Mc- tions for programs on "Rural Gavran, 35 cents. America"-inclusive of a special THE UNITED CHRISTIAN MISSIONARY article on junior work, by Annye SOCIETY, MISSIONS BLDG., 222 Stereopticon slides and lecture on Allison – as well as excerpts DOWNEY A VE., INDIANAPOLIS, Rural Life – "The Book and the from summer conferences at- IND.: Plough," 30 slides; rentai, $1.00 tended by the Department Edi- plus two-way. postage. tor, have to be held over for lack A very complete study packet of of space and will appear as soon leaflets covering "Dwellers in the Moving pictures (16mm., 2 reels), as possible in a later issue. Ad- Countryside," 50 cents. "Hearthstones and Al tar s" -life ditional methods material suit- story of typical rural family; "Mid able for pastors, men's groups This includes instructions to pro- Purple Mountain Majesties" -fol- and children's organizations is gram committees, a "Calendar of lows a boy from his mountain com- especially solicited. Send direct Service"; "Things We Can Do" at munity. $2.00 per reel and two- to this department instead of the the successive meetings to translate way carriage for each of the fore- Magazine headquarters, to avoid them into life; a large variety of going. delay and extra postage. subject matter for the talks, papers, etc.; good dramatic sketches on Order from Distributing Depart- For older people, this topic "The Farmer's Wife," "Bringing ment in N. Y., or 8 So. Dearborn lends itself wonderfully to panel College to the Farmer," "Weari- St., Chicago, or 234 McAlister St., discussions, round tables or pro- ness," "They Went to Bethlehem"; San Francisco, Calif., according to gram conferences. For instance, a special Christmas program com- your location. make up the entire program ex- plete; a panel discussion for four cept for appropriate music inter- women on "Influences that Make for THE WOMAN'S HOME MISSION SOCIETY spersed, from the June number Peace or War"; a program on OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL of THE REVIEW, the leader im- "Blessed Are the Peacemakers"; CHURCH, 420 PLUM ST., CINCIN- pressing the importance of the and well-constructed studies on NATI, OHIO. LITERATURE DEPART- topic by using points from the these phases of the rural problem: MENT: editorial, "Rural America for Educational- "Sing B e h i n d the Christ," and being promptly sec- Plow"; "Bina Holben-Sharecrop- The Methodist women have clever onded and supported by another per"; "Pietro Lopez – Mexican"; series of programs worked out for participant summarizing "The, "M r s. W a 1ton – Mountaineer"; their girls (Queen Esthers) under Challenge of the Rural Commu- "Max Smith-Miner"; "Sarak Pe- the figure of "Building the Map of nity." On this background let toskey-Migrant"; "Susan Kepple U. S.," and for the women on the successive speakers, by prear- -Farm Woman"; "The Nat ion picturesque theme of "Modern Mis- ranged plan but with appearance Helps the Farmer" – a parable of sionary Journeys," an adequate ap- of spontaneity and in conversa- American rural life in Oklahoma; preciation of which will appear in tional style as if talking among "Social Influences Yesterday and a later issue, as only the rural themselves, give brief talks of Today"-a social science study. theme studies can be noted at this time. Among the workable suggestions listed are: An original study of For three months the girls study child labor statistics and condi- "Highland Heritage," with unique tions; a demonstration of the set- visualizations, a meeting in the form tlement between a plantation owner of the recitation of the geography class, "Head Range" and "Heart • The three sets of graded primary, junior Range" being considered; "Hand and intermediate stories listed above at 15 Range" and "Health Range" being cents each sell collectively at 35 cents. added in the following meeting that

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

not over five minutes each, selec- lines on "Discipleship" being for byterian Board of National Mistions of topics to be made from worship services and the remain- sions, 156 Fifth Ave., New the excellent articles following, ing six for worship and study York. ending with pointed presenta- combined. Their object is "to tion of things the group or their seek to make women conscious "If I Be His Disciple-How church can do. This is very im- of their responsibility as Chris- Shall I Follow Jesus Today" is portant. tian citizens for the solution of the title of a booklet prepared over a year ago by the Spiritual A more dramatic and impres- the social and economic problems Life Committee of the Presbysive program might be arranged of present-day society." terian Mission Boards. It confrom the same number by hav- sists of a ten-cent leader's ing a congress or conference of "In times like these the forces pamphlet and a set of leaflets persons impersonating-with or of religion should be exerting corresponding to the successive without costumes – the r u r a I topics and intended for use in pastor, the farmer's wife, the themselves to create a condition the audience. The subjects are: sharecropper, the case worker, out of which right motives for the colporter, etc. Again, close leadership can be generated. I Will Learn What the Bible Says to with practical planning, and a . . . There is only one motive Me devotional service of consecra- adequate to solve the problems tion to the task. Either one of and heal the ills of our stricken I Will Learn to Meditate these plans will make a most ef- civilization. That motive is the I Will Learn to Pray fective prayer meeting or eve- motive of the good neighbor. It I Will Learn to Serve ning service for the church at is clearly the business of religion I Will Learn to Share large, the meeting eventuating I Will Test My Life by Christ in organized activity. Time the to create mental and moral attiparts or the theme will be tudes to support and sustain and The leaflets sell for ten cents "talked to death." vitalize, as well as to call out per set. that motive. If religion does not Devotional Material call that motive into being, it A companion booklet recently will not come into being." (From issued is called, "If I Be His Dis- "In the beginning God created "Who Is My Neighbor?" by ciple I Will Grow." The topics . . . the earth. . . . And the are: Lord God formed man out of the Walter H. North.) dust of the earth and breathed I Will Grow into His Likeness into his nostrils the breath of The devotional outlines are on I Will Grow in Reflecting His Spirit life; and man became a living "God at Work in His Universe," soul. . . . And the Lord God "Great and Mighty. Things," Every Day planted a garden eastward in I Will Grow in Meeting Life's Crises Eden; and there He put the "Christ's Point of View" and I Will Grow More Sensitive to Human man whom He had formed. And "For Such a Time as This." out of the ground the Lord God The subjects of the programs Need made to grow every tree that is I Will Grow in Using My Life for pleasant to the sight and good for full meetings are: "We Look for food." God created an earth, at the Present Social Order," Him a man and a garden. The earth "The Bible and Social Values," was of basic importance then "The Christian Approach to So- This booklet also costs ten and must ever be. (From leaflet cial Problems," "The Church in cents, and the corresponding of the United Christian Mission- Action in National Missions," leaflets two cents each. These ary Society.) are invaluable helps for devo- "A Christian World Order" and tional leaders, giving Scripture, A service on this keynote may "A Plan for Social Education subject matter, prayers, ques~ well start the study of "Rural and Action in Your Commu- tions for meditation, material America," following later with nity." Only one of these-that for the group's use, hymns, devotionals keyed to Christ's na- poems and prayer suggestions ture parables – "The Sower," on National Missions-has any for the ensuing week. Suitable "The Tares," etc. denominational flair. The others for any young people's or adult will apply equally well among all group, or for prayer meetings. "Worship Services" based on evangelical groups. The Scrip- "Lord, Teach Us to Pray" may A VISTA IN JAPAN be had from the Presbyterians tural foundations are well laid, for five cents each. the citations to live, present-day books are excellent and the Under the title "C h u r c h theme studies worked out in a Women and a Christian World scholarly- though simple-way Community," a series of ten to challenge interest and thought programs has been i.ssued for in any intelligent group. In this use in any organized group of church women, the four first out- year when standard study themes include "The Church in Rural America," "World Peace" and "The Missionary Motive and Imperative," and when panel discussions are in the lead in presenting subject matter, the outlines are most timely. The price is 10 cents, at The Pres- The Council of Women for Home Missions EDITH E. LOWRY, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK Committee – the Quaker organ- ization which has carried on re- lief and reconstruction work both abroad and at home-dur- ing and following the World War in several European coun- tries and more recently in the coal areas of the United States.

This Committee is again trying to save life while others destroy.

The work for children in Spain is strictly non-partisan and is approved by the Federal Coun- cil of Churches and by the Red Cross.

We quote from the special bul- letin on Spain issued at intervals by the A. F. S. C.

"There may be defeats today – victories tomorrow for the armies. For the hungry people there is little hope that anything can happen to repair their ruined homes or restock their devastated farms." "Out of the confusion and debatable issues of the war, arise certain uncon- trovertible facts. Authorities agree, for instance, that as long aQ"o as last February there were more than a million refugees in Loyalist territory. The Loyalist government then reported that 250,000 children were in refugee colonies. More r e c e n t 1y, a Quaker relief worker in Madrid World Wide Photos, Inc. stated that there were 116,000 Thou Shall Not be Afraid "We have not fully caught the children still in that city under mind of Christ until we realize 14 years of age, badly under- "Thou shall not be afraid for that the Kingdom of God on nourished and unable to be evacthe terror by night, nor for the earth is the cooperative task of uated for lack of places to put arrow that Rieth by day." God and men working together." them. The safer municipalities (Psalm 91: 5.) throughout Loyalist Spain are "Faith is the diametrical op- now so congested with refugees "God hath not given us a spir- posite of fear and the supreme that they are forced to refuse it of fear, but of love, and of cure for fear is faith." additional numbers except when power, and of discipline." (2 the food is guaranteed by out- Timothy 1: 7.) RUFUS JONES.

"Fear is the greatest single Spain Opens Door for Friendly- side agencies." "The A. F. S. C. hindrance to the advance of civ- has become a recognized im-· ilization today." Service partial channel for relief of the "We should leap forward to a new type of civilization and be (An opportunity to show the spirit Spanish people regardless of able to avert world disaster, if men were not chained to a dead of goodwill in a country clouded by where they may be—":"in Loyalist past by their fears." war.) or Nationalist territory." "All Doubtless our readers know shipments of goods or contribu- of the American Friends Service tions of money will be used [434 ]

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

strictly for the purposes desig- all over Spain and that is simple National Peace Conference Ma- nated by the donors . . . ." playthings for children such as terials "The refugees arrive in such balls and blocks and things that The National Peace Confer- terrible condition that their rags are not easily destroyed." ence publishes, through its Pubhave to be stripped off of them lic Affairs Committee, a series and burned. Children can be The need for playthings will of pamphlets on subjects conmade to smile by a bright col- be at least partly filled when the nected with world problems ored jumper or a pair of shoes." children of America send their which affect international rela- "Next to the full maintenance of suitcases to the refugee children. tions and peace, and which are the colonies, help with the food Detailed information on this of great value to those who wish supply is the most important project may be secured by writ- brief expositions on topics of imthing that can be done for refu- ing to the Committee on World mediate interest. The latest gee children; a problem every Friendship Among Children, 297 pamphlet is entitled "Colonies, day more acute. Shipments for Fourth Avenue, New York City. Trade and Prosperity," and is a this purpose come in duty free." Those who desire to contribute simple and condensed study of "One's first impression of the clothing or cash for food should the economic approach to the refugee situation is of terrible send it to the American Friends peace question. This pamphlet chaos and misery. The first day Service Committee, 20 South is excellent and very readable, in Murcia I went to the Pablo 12th Street, Philadelphia, Pa. and will be very valuable in con- Inglesias – a huge b u i I din g (In either case kindly mention nection with the campaign on economics and peace which is to where 4,000 are housed. The THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF be launched next fall by the Nabuilding is in reality an unfin- tional Peace Conference, and THE WORLD.) about which you will hear more ished block of flats about nine in detail in the fall. stories high. The floors have Materials on Peace Education not yet been divided into rooms, A packet of helps. for this and form vast corridors, swarm- Marathons pamphlet is being prepared and ing with men, wom(in and chil- will be ready for use in the fall. The subjects for the Marathon These National Peace Conferdren of all ages. There is no Round Tables for 1937-1938 are ence pamphlets sell for 35c each, furniture of any sort – only now at hand. There are two but can be ordered in quantity at Marathons this year-Plan A: a reduced rate. For further instraw mattresses. It must be Preparatory Marathon on the formation write to the National remembered that many of the subject "The U. S. and the Peace Conference, 8 West 40th World"; and Plan B: Advanced St., New York City. refugees have been in this build- Marathon under the title: "Adeing for two months. Nearly all quate National Defense. What World Day of Prayer in come from Malaga, and look is it?" Send to the National indescribably poor, dirty and Committee on the Cause and a Rural Village Cure of War, 1622 Grand Cenwretched. The municipality tral Terminal Building, New One step toward cooperation which complains of being one York, for copies of this folder in the work of the church has million pesetas in debt for its for distribution at fall meetings. come through the World Day of Let us try to have a large num- Prayer. Mrs. – – of – – sent refugees can afford to give only ber of Marathons among wom- in to the Council office $2.92, the one meal a day to this house, en in church groups during the offering from the observance of with the addition of a little milk coming year. to the children in the morning. The noise was terrific, babies New Headline Book crying, boys rushing madly from floor to floor, women shouting to them. A woman came up cry- ing bitterly, saying that she had The new Foreign Policy Asso- the World Day of Prayer. Her lost her two smallest children in ciation Headline Book: "Billions husband is pastor of a small the confusion of the flight and for Defense," is another study rural parish and this year for didn't know whether they were course on national defense. More the first time she inaugurated alive or dead. There is nothing popular in its plan than the ad- the World Day of Prayer in her for the children to do. Many vanced Marathon on the same country community. She said children begged us to take them subject, it is valuable for those the nearest church was 13 miles away to colonies or somewhere who desire an e Ie men tar y away. She contacted 13 differ- " course. It could be followed by ent churches over a wide area, Esther Farquhar, Quaker re- the Advanced Marathon if a they had four denominations lief worker in Spain, reports: group wished to pursue the sub- represented at their service, and "The conditions at Murcia are ject further. The kit of mate- there were 42 women present frightful. The infant mortality rials which is furnished for this which was "an excellent number has been as high as fifty per book is planned for a series of for this community. We found cent." Her work is largely with four meetings. Price of the the service extremely devotional infants. She has established a book: board cover, 35c; paper and I felt the women really clinic which she calls "a Drop cover, 25c. Discussion kit, 15c. prayed. Twenty – five of the of Milk." "There is one thing Foreign Policy Association, 8 group participated actively in that I have noticed the lack of West 40th St., New York City. one way or another."

World~wide

A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO 1.

~===============================~ JAPAN-CHOSEN In the minds of the average Jap- aminations at the John D. Wells anese, Christianity is still as- Christian Accord associated with Western civili- School, Seoul, Chosen. Some zation. Nevertheless, what has failed; some lost out on the The National Christian Coun- been called "disembodied Chris- physical examination; and some cils of Japan and China have re- tianity" (Christian ideals and couldn't stand up under the scrucently taken definite steps in an standards observed by those who tiny of their former school receffort to bring about a closer re- are not actual church members) ords. From 13 different .provlation between the two organiza- is a strong force in Japan. This tions and between the Christians is evidenced by the facts that inces, the successful boys rated of the two nations. Both Coun- courses in Bible and Christian B or above in every subject, had cils are eager for closer rela- history are offered in some non- goo d personal records, and tions in order to understand Christian universities; that the showed much promise. About each other and build a bond of Bible and the Union Christian Christian brotherhood between Hymnal have a wide circulation half came from Christian famthe two peoples. Recent events among non-Christians; and that in North China, however, are social work, formerly a monop- ilies. bringing about further separa- oly of Christians, is now con- A 20th century note is seen in tion, at least in external rela- ducted by many other agencies. tionships. the fact that very few people -Monday Morning. The nation-wide United Evan- looked at the bulletin board in gelistic Movement is quietly go- Memorial to Dr. Uemura front of the school to read the ing forward in Japan. In addi- list of successful applicants, the reason was that almost every one had heard the names over the radio.

-Monday Morning.

tion to a program of evangelism, The Japan Theological Semi- ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC bands of evangelists are being n a r y (Presbyterian-Reformed organized for work among the Church) has recently dedicated Strange Island of New Guinea churches, youth is being trained a new recitation hall in memory for Christ, and lay leadership of Rev. M. Uemura, outstanding Rev. R. R. Hanselmann went and stewardship are advocated. Japanese Christian who died ten to New Guinea in 1926 as a mis- Arrangements have been made years ago. This Seminary is the sionary under the American Luto send out ten evangelistic official school of the Church of theran Church. While at home teams to conduct meetings and Christ in Japan. It was estab- on furlough he has given nearly hold conferences in eight prov- lished in 1930 by a union of the 800 lectures about his experiinces. Other provinces will be theological department of Meiji ences in this island of headworked later. Gakuin and a seminary in Tokyo hunters and tree-dwellers. established by Dr. Uemura. With "Disembodied Christianity" the exception of one small semi- New Guinea is the second nary in Kobe, all theological edu- largest island in the world and According to latest figures, cation of the Church of Christ in is shaped like a monstrous bird. the Church of Christ in Japan is Japan is now out of the hands of If the southeastern point were made up of about 340 churches. the missions, and directly under placed on the tip of the Florida Slightly more than half of these the management of the Japanese peninsula the northwestern point are entirely self-supporting, Church. would reach to Colorado. Vegewhile others receive aid either tation of unsurpassed luxuriance from the mission or from the This Church has been cele- covers nearly the entire island. self-supporting churches. A typ- brating its 50th meeting of Syn- Among the light and dark green ical church is a city organization od with a series of evangelistic foliage are incessant flashes of with a membership of 123, and a meetings. gorgeously colored birds, and Sunday school of 71 with an surpassing all in beauty is the average of five teachers. Up -Presbyterian Banner. Bird of Paradise. A constant until 1930, membership was stream of scientists and museum rapidly increasing, but since Applicants for Wells School collectors arrive in New Guinea then, owing in some degree to in quest of biological s·pecimens. the intensified feeling of nation- There was room for only 106 alism, the rate has slowed down. new boys out of the 844 appli- Lately discovered mineral re- cants who had paid the registra- sources have brought white men tion fee to take the entrance ex- in hordes. Beneficent govern- [436 ] ment penetration and mISSIOn church membership by about cies of the Church, and he used organizations have b r 0 ugh t 4,000, but the results of Chris- his privilege with good sense about prophylactic measures, tian education carried on over a and definite loyalty to Christian making the life of Europeans long period of years can now be teaching. It was voted to make reasonably safe. Six hundred seen in the annual increase in the conference an annual event. plantations are under European the Christian population. control, cultivating cocoanuts, -The Living Church. The British Government consugar~ane,rubber,kapok,coffee tributed over $360,000 toward NORTH AMERICA these mission schools in 1936. Of and cocoa. Gold-mining is one the 18,000 children enrolled in Church Membership Gains of the chief industries. The various types of school, one in aerial transport has developed four is a Christian and of the Religious bodies of the United into the largest freight carrying 6,000 in g ran t-i n-a i d boys' States, as a whole, are growing, air service in the world. schools, one in six is a member according to statistics gathered of the Church. As a result of this by the late Dr. George Linn The natives as a whole are less mission policy, and government Kieffer. ill-natured than popular accounts sympathy and aid, a Church of imply. Their aversion to bath- educated persons is being built In 1936, the total membership ing is one of their most marked in Malaysia. of all religious bodies in the characteristics. To Christianize United States reached 63,493,- such a people usually requires -Christian Century. 036, as compared with 62,655,- from fifteen to eighteen years 632 in the previous year. This from the time contact is estab- Thankful for Leprosy! represents a gain in membership lished with a wild tribe until the for the year of 837,404. tribe is ready for baptism. The Leprosy is the last thing for life of the native Christian mis- which most people would be The Baptists continue to lead sionary, stationed in out-lying thankful, yet at the watch night all other Protestant bodies with districts, is so convincing to the service at Culion Leper Colony a total increase for the year of heathen people that slowly they the following testimony was 140,308. The Reformed Churchlay aside their former mode of given: "I thank God Almighty es, not a large denomination in sinful living. The race has a fu- for having made me a leper be- comparison with the Baptists ture. Various mission agencies cause in this place I have found and Methodists, come second, in New Guinea have a staff total- my Lord and my Redeemer. I with a gain of 81,958. The Luing over 500 white workers. had tried to find joy, peace, and therans, with 43,905, are third, contentment from what the and the Methodists fourth with -The Bond. world had to offer, but all ended a membership gain of 41,798. in bitter disappointment. In Other notable increases were Dyak Christians Jesus I have found my salvation made by the Unitarians, with and real contentment." 38,026; the Protestant Episco- During the past six years, palians, with 21,193; the Evanabout 12,000 Dyaks have been Igorot Young People's gelicals, with 9,390; the Presbybaptized as Christians. Thi~ terians, with 6,507; the Nazarepresents four distinct fields; Conference renes, with 5,867; the Advent- East Bornea, the districts of Ma- ists, with 5,435; the Mennonites, hakam, Boelongan and Sesajap, The first Young People's. Con- with 4,101; the International and West Borneo, the district of ference of the Philippine Epis- Church of the Foursquare Gos- Kapoeas. The Dyaks, though copal Mission went beyond the pel, with 5,225; the Moravians, uncivilized and uneducated, are most optimistic expectations in with 1,624; and the United by no means stupid. They gen- its attendance of 100 young men Brethren, with 1,073. erally learn readily, and have re- and women, most of them Igotentive memories. There is a rots-though delegates included -The Churchman. simplicity of heart which is re- one ex-Moslem girl from Zamsponsive to the Gospel message. boanga. A Bible Crusade About 200 native students are in various stages of preparation for The general topic was Chris- A new movement has been the ministry.-The Pioneer. tian religion in relation to both launched in Chicago called the the old traditional ways of the "Bible Evangelistic Crusade," Methodists in Malaysia mountain province and the sud- which has for its purpose the den incidence of modern prob- evangelization of neg Ie c ted The Methodist Church has lems. To keep the native group towns and villages and country built up a mission in Malaysia from backwardness in express- places in the United States and on an educational foundation. ing views, the foreign attend- Canada. It is reported that Last year nearly 18,000 children ance was restricted to two. there are 10,000 churchless and young people attended their towns in America and 30,000 grade and high schools, where The meetings proved remark- without a resident pastor. There 690 Asiatics and 53 European able for the frankness and inter- are 36,000,000 children and adoand Am e ric a n teachers in- est of the opinions expressed. lescents growing up without any structed them. The number in For the first time the Igorot religious training whatever. these schools exceeds the total Christian was showing himself vocal in helping shape the poli-

Over eighty Bible Institutes amend broadly the state Sunday Our Crime Peril and Christian training schools in the U. S. are turning out law was defeated; in Indiana a Recent reports of the Federal thousands of young people each Bureau of Investigation apparyear equipped for Ch~ist~an bill to open the saloons on Sun- ently confirm our unenviable disservice. This new organIZatIOn tinction of having the worst will assist such workers in being day was killed by a vote of three crime record of any of the sofurnished with trailers, tents called civilized peoples of earth. and other necessary equipment to toesne~'tteamnpdtsinto several other The reports indicate that "a larto reach the more difficult fields. sta bring in com- ceny occurs every 44 seconds in Pastoral workers will be di- the United States, a burglary rected to the most encouraging mercialized sports and amuse- every two minutes, an automoplaces to follow up the work that bile theft every two and one-half has been begun, and will be ments and other business were minutes, a robbery every ten given some assistance in getting minutes, a felonous assault every started. When further support frustrated. One of the greatest twelve minutes, and a criminal is needed by evangelistic groups attack on a woman every 67 and missionary pastors, the or- victories won in law enforce- minutes." ganization will try to interest churches or individuals in fur- ment was the abolition of 17 The Bureau's figures show nishing a regular monthly al- that our national crime bill anlowance. burlesque show theaters in New nually is $15,000,000,000. This is a daily cost of more than $41,- -Evangelical Christian. York City. The Lord's Day Al- 000 000. "Every time the clock tick,s off a second, the count ry's Testaments for Prisoners liance has been driving hard crime bill jumps $475." Most of the crimes are committed by The Pocket Testament League against such performances. persons 22 years of age. How has recently sent 500 Testa- can these figures be reduced to ments for work among the pris- -Monday Morning. the minimum? oners of San Quentin Prison, California. This is the distrib- The Exeter Experiment Goodwill in Tennessee uting center for other state p~­ nal institutions-at TehachapI, "Weare trying to bring the The Tennessee Interracial Forsom and one under construc- Commission, organized 19 years tion near Los Angeles. The di- Good News." Thus the religious ago, was first known as the Law rector of religious work at San work director of Mount Holyoke and Order League. Its program Quentin, Alfred C. Schmitt,. in- College epitomizes an experi- was enlarged when its name was terviews all prisoners and gIves ment at Exeter, Maine, forty changed. Under its first name it Testaments to those desiring miles from Bangor. Four years confined itself to crime preventhem. The demand is so great ago this director, Mis~ Kathe- tion and crusaded against mob that the director has called for rine Grammer and MISS Mar- violence. The enlarged program another 500 copies immediately. garet Teague, secretary for ru- includes health, housing, sanita- He writes: "Some of the in- tion education, recreation, travmates become so attached to ral work of the diocese of Maine, eling accommodations on public their Pocket Testaments that asked themselves what could be carriers, child welfare and imthey request the privilege of done to meet the religious needs provement of rural conditions. taking them along with them of a b a c k woo d s generation. Its methods are (1) the promowhen they go out on paroIe." growing up without any real tion of mutual understanding of (Gifts to supply these Testa- viewpoints and needs; and (2) ments may be sent to the Pocket knowledge of Christ and His the cooperation of the two races Testament League, 156 Fifth Church. Instead of merely la- in securing the ends agreed upon Ave., New York.) menting facts, a vacation school in conferences, usually through was planned. For four w~eks the building of favorable public "Remember the Sabbath" eight students and a tramed sentiment. nurse afford the only regular op- All Christian citizens can re- portunity the children and even In the beginning, some of the joice in the increase of interest difficulties were: radical elein preserving the civil institu- the adults of that vicinity have ments in both races; indifference tion of the Sabbath. Of the 43 during the entire year for seri- to constructive efforts for betterstate legislative bodies in sessi?n ment· and a tendency to proin 1937, proposed adverse legIs- ous religious instruction, as well mote 'selfish ends. But in time lation has been defeated more notable results were achieved. than a score of times: In New as forthe teaching of recreational Much has been done in the cor- York State five such bills went rection of interracial injustices down to defeat; in Iowa a bill to values. Approximately 100 chil- and the betterment of conditions affecting Negroes. Oppressive mdarteen~iafrlowmit5h to 21, are the raw which the vacation school works. They are collected in beach wagons or make their own way to the farmhou~e and barn in which the school IS con- d u c ted. Classes, handicraft work and expert recreation make up the program of the morni~g.

A morning, and a sunset serVIce is conducted each day. More than 300 adults attend the Sun- day evening services. – Miss G ram mer and Miss Teague believe that they have at least paved the way toward de- veloping a technique which can be used in other rural areas.

-The Living Church.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

measures have been opposed. tious than a bottle of pills. The the island, but the large number Inconsiderate and brutal officers missionary supplied such relief of letters he receives from peo- have been called to account. Co- as he could to the suffering peo- ple not touched by churches is operation in community enter- ple with a few pills until in 1904 a witness to the value of this prises has been promoted. Ne- when the Presbyterians sent out s e r vic e. The First Baptist gro members have been privi- a medical missionary and built Church of Santiago has been leged to lay bare any inj ustices the first little hospital. helping a Spanish priest who which they feel their race is suf- The work rapidly outgrew its within the last year left the Ro- fering, assured of a courteous first quarters and today there man Catholic Church. For the and friendly hearing. stands a grade "A" hospital with present he is supporting himself Close contacts are maintained 110 beds; a children's ward; by teaching in the day school with church groups. Baptist, nurses' home; a training school of the First Church. The Bap- Methodist and Presbyterian of fifty-five nurses; and a 1936 tist Church in Palma Soriano, a denominations have indorsed the record of more than 32,000 pa- town of 20,000 inhabitants, has Tennessee interracial movement, tients. The hospital was placed outgrown its building which and many have accepted re- on the approved list of hospitals seats only 160. Its average at- sponsibility for leadership. for graduate study in tropical tendance in Sunday school is -Tennessean Magazine. medicine by the Council of Med- 230.

Pima Indian Evangelist ical Education of the American Brazil's Student Problem Medical Association. In the re- When a Pima Indian becomes motest country barrio and in the It has long been realized that crowded city it is known as "EI one of the serious missionary a Christian he is usually filled Presbiteriano." problems of the Latin world is with a desire to win others. Pima the approach to the student -Presbyterian Banner. class. The Student Union for churches regularly send teams Christian Service was organized of lay workers into areas where Religion in the West Indies twelve years ago, and at present there is no church or resident confines its activity to students minister. A group of 16 of these Charles S. Detweiler, Baptist in evangelical schools of higher lay workers recently returned Home Mission Secretary, reports education. With nearly 500 memfrom a 10-day itinerary in dif- observations on a recent trip to bers it already has a considerferent parts of the reservation, the West Indies. able effect upon the lives of its devoting their entire time to members, and the necessity for personal evangelism. In Port – au – Prince, Haiti, personal witness is impressed there are four Pro t est ant upon all who join. A Pima Indian Christian en- churches, the Episcopalian, the tered an exclusive shop in Pasa- Wesleyan, the African Method- -World Dominion Press. dena, California. Conversing ist Episcopal and the Baptist. with the saleslady, he said, "I The largest of these churches suppose you attend church ?" has the poorest building. There Echoes of Martyrdom When she replied that she did is real religious freedom in Haiti. not, he began then and there to In Puerto Rico, Protestant in- From the region along the tell her of the love of God for fluence in public life is growing. Amazon where the Messrs. Rob- His children, and how He sent For some time the head of the erts, Wright and Dawson, known Jesus down to earth to save us- Teachers College and the second as the "three Freds," disappreaching her a short sermon in rank in the University has peared in martyrdom, comes the right in the store, which was been a Puerto Rican Presbyte- report that 1,200 Kayapo Inacross from one of the largest rian, and now the Chancellor of dians had suddenly emerged churches in Pasadena. People the University is another Pres- from their forests and descended came to listen and the Indian byterian. The new Commission- on the little town of Nova carried on, proud that he could er of Education, recently ap- Olinda. Fear at first prevailed tell the story to one who hadn't pointed by President Roosevelt, that they had come to massacre; yet learned to love Him. Before is a Puerto Rican Presbyterian. but a strange thing had ocleaving he exacted a promise, A very outspoken Baptist, prom- curred. Wars in their home diswhich the woman seemed glad to inent in political life, is presi- tricts had driven them forth, and give, that from then on she dent of the Board of Commis- they were seeking safety and would attend church. -Monday Morning. sioners of the City of San Juan, food. The news was received by and also a member of the Public the field workers as an answer LATIN AMERICA Service Commission of the Is- to prayer, and steps were taken land. The pastor of the Second to meet the opportunity. Two Hospital in Puerto Rico Baptist Church of Santiago, missionaries soon were on their Cuba, broadcasts for one hour way up the Xingu, with a ton of The Presbyterian Hospital in his Sunday morning service, and farina.

San Juan, Puerto Rico, repre- every day from seven to seven- Contact with these Kayapos sents the steady growth of an thirty he is on the air with a was established, and to the de- idea projected nearly forty years devotional service. The station light of the missionaries they ago with nothing more preten- reaches only the eastern half of found that God had been prepar-

ing for this meeting for ten years French Protestant Church tants, yet each is profiting by the past, at which time the language struggle of the other. had been reduced to writing. The French Pro t est ant Dr. Charles S. Macfarland, The new settlement has brought Church, though weak numerithe Indians to a place where the cally and financially, is a true secretary emeritus of the Fed- Gospel can be preached to them. missionary Church. The Paris eral Council of Churches, has Already a few have accepted Missionary Society which has issued an open letter to Hitler, in Christ. which he condemns the official been carrying on its work for 113 German attitude toward religion The last letter received from years, is working in eight differ- on four counts: the band of three contained this ent fields, wherein labor 165 misappeal: "Brethren, pray and sionaries. The whole work is (1) Hitler has "seized control over supported by an annual budget the Church, arrested multitudes of its send others to continue what the of five million francs. French pastors, confined many of them, and Lord has begun." missionaries are also working in permitted not a few to be assaulted the Methodist Mission on the without open rebuke of their at- -Alliance Weekly. tackers."

EUROPE Ivory Coast, and the Norwegian (2) Despite his promise to unite Call to be "Up and Doing" Lutheran Mission in Madagas- car. The present membership of the Church he has "divided it between those who comply, those who are neu- tral, and those who courageously op- Church attendance in England the French Churches is about pose [his] domination." 700,000, divided among 1,038 (3) Despite his promise to regard is reported as declining. The the "confession" of the Church as Methodists say that 60,000 few- parishes under the direction of er pupils attend Sunday school; 1,097 pastors. sacred, Hitler has "endeavored to c h u r c h membership has de- crush out its basic doctrine of the -World Dominion Press. Fatherhood of God and the brother- creased by 3,000. The Baptists Religion at the Paris hood of mankind." report a decline of pupils by Exposition nearly 20,000, of church mem- (4) "Instead of doing justice to the bers by nearly 1,500. Causes are Visitors to the Paris exhibi- Jews you have permitted them to be harassed and despoiled, without :he slightest appearance of mercy."

suggested include week-end hab- tion may discover several fea- When Hitler came into power it of hiking; opening of cinemas tures of special interest. A mis- he asked that he be given four on Sunday; Sunday excursions; sion boat of the McAll Mission years before people should judge dropping of family prayers; in- his policy. The four years have fluence of radio sermons. The will be found between the Alma elapsed and the judgment must and Passy bridges. Here, daily be one of condemnation. Scots Church's General Assembly has serious things to report services will be held. On the -The Living Church. gangway of the pont d'Alma, is a about reduced incomes for work bookstall containing Bibles and abroad. The foreign missions religious publications. The Godless Union accounts revealed a deficit of An exhibition of Protestant over $250,000. Sabbath observ- Art is a special feature at the Vigorous efforts to increase ance was lost in the Great War. American Church (63, Quai d'- membership in the Godless Un- -R. BIRCH HOYLE. Orsay) . This will be on view ion are being made by Litvinoff, London's Mosque from June 18, although the Russian Commissioner for For- Church itself is open from the eign Affairs. All applicants for The Nizam of Hyderabad has beginning of the Exposition. A diplomatic posts abroad, likewise provided a s,ite in West Kensing- leaflet in English and French en- all members of the Diplomatic ton, London, for a Mohammedan titled "Souvenirs of French Prot- Service at present employed mosque. The foundation stone estantism," by Pastor Boss, is abroad, must be members of the was laid on 4th June by the being published by the National Godless Union, or face dismissal.

Prince of Berar, the son and Touring Center. A Welcome The decree is also extended to heir of the Nizam, surrounded Center for Women (47, Quai d'- com mer cia I representatives by a distinguished company of Orsay) is open from 9 a. m. until abroad. The Osservatore Ro- Moslem representatives from 9 p. m. -The Christian. mano says that during last year Egypt, Arabia, Turkey, Persia German Churches Firm membership of the Union greatand other countries. Like the ly increased, and its funds im- mosque at Woking, the London The Nazi's are not making proved by the payment by every mosque will be a miniature of much headway a g a ins t the member abroad of a special conthe Taj Mahal and is to be fin- Christian Church. Roman Cath- tribution. The new decree has ished at the end of the year. It olics have no intention of retreat- resulted in 6,700 new adhesions will hold about 1,000 people, ing or compromise; confessional- to the Union. The Komsomol quite large enough to accommo- Protestants have set up a secret has ordered Russian youth to' date the worshippers. The total council, to which pastors pledge imp r 0 v e their antireligious number of Moslems and those obedience, in defiance of the work, and to win between May 2 interested in Islam in the whole Reich. and August 2, 200,000 boys and of Great Britain is estimated at So far as known, there is girls as recruits. 2,000. nothing resembling a u nit e d Antireligious pro p a g and a -World Dominion Press. front of Catholics and Protes- abroad was stimulated by the

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

despatch of appropriate litera- Emirates in the Sudan are open- Britain has not full liberty to ture valued at 1,500,000 rubles, ing for the missionaries of the expel priests of Italian or any chiefly to Switzerland, Holland, Sudan United Mission. Many other nationality. The British France, Spain, England and followers of Islam are awaken- Government is, however, anx- Belgium. Sixty-five thousand ing to the deficiencies of their ious to show church circles that rubles only were received from system. The first conference of it is fighting with all the re- Kabyle converts was held re- sources of diplomacy behind the recipients. -World Dominion Press. cently, and on almost every sta- British missionaries who may be tion there are signs of the work- in trouble. This has been Brit- Protestantism in Austria ing of the Holy Spirit, and that ish policy whenever mission- Since February more than the seed sown through so many aries' lives or teaching activities 15,000 people in Austria have years will soon bear fruit. have been endangered in China entered the Protestant Church. or elsewhere, and the same pol- In Vienna alone about 10,000 -The Christian. icy is being carried out now. have taken this step. A great Moslem Stronghold Crumbling -New York Times.

many of these were formerly There is today throughout Bible Pictures to "Think Roman Catholic, but the major- Africa a mighty movement away Black" ity were without religious de- from Islam and paganism, sinomination. Many of them are multaneous with the movement An attempt to stress the need very poor and out of work, yet away from Hinduism in India. of "thinking black" in any ap- such is their desire for spiritual The Sudan Interior Mission sees proach of the white man to Afriteaching that they visit regular- new opportunities in the open- can children is the plan of the ly divine services and Bible ing up of the Moslem strongholds World's Sunday School Associaclasses which the Protestant of Northern Nigeria to the Gos- tion to present awards to native Church has organized for them. pel. The Nigerian Government African artists who produce il- Protestant churches are filled to is now willing to hand over the lustrations of the parables conoverflowing, and the few pastors leper camps in these provinces veying the fullest meaning to have so much to do that it will to the missionary society. native African children. The be necessary to employ new as- With the acceptance of the story of "the widow's mite" does sistants to impart religious in- challenge, the call has gone forth not make sense to the African. struction. The State authorities for a hundred new missionaries, How can she be the "poor widare very unfriendly towards this including doctors and nurses. ow" with her flowing dress is -Life of Faith. the incredulous reaction of the movement, and put every ob- stacle in the way of preventing Italy's Ethiopian Policy African native. The results of persons from leaving the Roman this venture will be marked by Catholic Church. Italy's action in forbidding an originality which s h 0 u I d From all parts of Austria ur- British, American and French prove refreshing. missionaries to carryon their' gent requests are pouring in for -W. S. S. A.

Bibles and New Testaments. A work in Ethiopia, gives point to Uplift for the Bantus pastor in Syria writes: "I come Foreign Secretary Ant h 0 n y from a little village in which twenty have entered the Prot- Eden's guarded reminder that Missionary work in the Portuestant Church, and they all request me to send them Bibles the British Government "must guese colony of Bantus is chiefly and Catechisms. This was not a political movement, because they reserve the right to consider" among nine recruits of the Transwanted nothing other than God's the expulsion of Italian mission- vaal. There can be no doubt of Word." -Bible Society Record. aries from Malta, Nigeria and the influence of the "East Coast other parts of the British Em- Boys" on the Christian villages pire. The expulsion of British which have grown up in Portu- missionaries has been the sub- guese East Africa. After work- ject of prolonged negotiation ing in the mines of the Trans- AFRICA which have not proven success- vaal, particularly on the Wit- ful. England's threat is not watersrand, they return home Is Islam Tottering? likely to be translated into ac- with ideas about a home which tion, but at least it calls atten- cannot tolerate the old heathen W. Cecil Collinson, Secretary tion to the injustice of Rome's customs, and either these have of the Egypt General Mission, policy. had to go or they have built a observes that large numbers of Italian priests and teachers group of huts in a new spot Moslems are tiring of the for- are to be found chiefly in Malta, away from their pagan relatives.

malities of Islam. Here are some Nigeria and Palestine. In MaTta These structures are finer than facts which go to prove that most of them already have been the pagan huts, influenced by there are signs of a real change replaced by Maltese; in Nigeria, homes they have seen of the in the situation. In every Mos- Italian missionaries are only a white people in the Transvaal.

lem community of over 50,000 handful com par e d with the In the midst of the new huts has inhabitants there is a nucleus of French, while Palestine is a been built the chapel with a bell, witness for Christ. Long-closed mandated territory in which where the leader calls the people

morning and evening to read the tegic importance of this educa- There has been a marked Scriptures, pray and sing hymns learned in the Transvaal. tional program is seen in the deepening of interest in the Gos- The Bantu thinks and works fact that the seven secondary pel m e s sag e among various in circles rather than straight lines. His house is circular, his schools in Palestine educate classes of people. Among the village is circular and his thinking follows a circuitous route. practically one-half the Arabs causes of this should be noted: Christianity widens his mental horizon and helps him to think receiving such training, and a first, a general consciousness and construct in terms of rows of superior huts with fruit and not inconsiderable number of the that we are in a most critical flowering trees between them, which provide ventilation, clean- Jews. period of the world's history; liness and improved sanitation. Many observers say despond- second, the results of seed pre- -World Dominion PreISs. ently that there is no solution of viously sown; and third, the Rhodes-Livingstone Institute the problem of Arab, Jew and prayers of friends. There is The year 1940 will mark not only the jubilee of the founda- Briton; others offer political or greater opportunity for reaching tion of the two Rhodesias in 1890 by Cecil Rhodes, but also diplomatic ways out, but the Moslems as more and more chilthe centenary of the departure for Africa in 1840 of David Liv- only workable plan is to make all dren take advantage of the ingstone. It is proposed that this double anniversary should be three Christian. schools. Approximately 100 boys commemorated in Nor t he r n -Spirit of Missions. and girls attend Sunday school. Rhodesia by the establishment of a Rhodes-Livingstone Insti- News from Syria These are divided into three tute of Central African Studies classes or groups with competent which will serve as a combined The Danish Mission to the teachers, each child being permemorial to these two men. Orient has opened a new Evan- mitted to enter the group of his The proposed institute is in- gelical Church at Hafar, Syria. own language. The pupils in one tended to further scientific study In five boys schools 69 % are class are all Moslem. of the impact of European civili- Moslems and in the girls' schools zation upon native African So- -Near East Christian Council. ciety. It will be located at Liv- 78 %. Students are more seriousingstone, the old capital of minded than those of ten years Northern Rhodesia, seven miles ago, and there has been in- INDIA-SIAM-MALAYIA from Victoria Falls. creased interest in the various Reaching the Multitudes WESTERN ASIA voluntary religious services. Financial difficulties h a v e The Methodist Church in Hy- Christian Schools in Palestine caused the Danish Mission to the derabad is responsible for a Armenians to close their clinic Christian community of 100,000 Christian schools are the only in Beirut, and a reduction of the persons. Those who have been places where Jew and Moslem, numbers in Birds' Nest, Jubeil; reached are eager to learn more, as well as Christians, meet to- but industrial work has sup- and there are some remarkable gether, study together, play on ported many needy women, and testimonies to changed lives and the same terms, and, in the children have been paid for in cleaner homes. Those who for spirit of Christian charity, learn schools. Bible-women are used generations have been in bondthat give and take which are so for evangelistic work in homes age to idol worship and the powimportant. Last year when the and meetings and conferences ers of darkness find it no easier feeling between Jews and Arabs have been held. The Swiss So- to walk in a path of true separarose to boiling point, and all ciety of Ghazir has given help to tion than do the followers of Arab schools, even those under Armenian village colonies by C h r i s t in more enlightened the government, went on strike, placing nurses among them, in lands, where Christianity has Christian schools still went on. addition to their work among been making its influence felt There was difficulty at times in the blind. In spite of the difficult for centuries. To the end that keeping Arab and Jew together, financial situation the Armenian converts may be strengthened, but it was done. Result: the churches have taken increased "refresher courses" are given. schools have been crowded as responsibility for carrying on These are attended by pastors, never before. Jews and Arabs their work, and have even evangelists, village teachers and say what they find there is started new work in three or young men and women from vil- "character training." The stra- lage congregations. On one oc- four centers. -Near East Christian Council. casion several village teachers gathered for a time of prayer In Iraq and meditation in connection "Iraq reports a steadily in- with their work, after which it creasing stream of tourists, and was estimated that in one week the missionaries are glad that 85,000 persons heard the Gospel.

many of them are sufficiently in– Rev. C. W. Posnett is leading· terested in missions to take time this work. Not long ago a vil- to see mission work. The most lage chief, who had continually noteworthy visitation recently persecuted the native Christian was in the form of a conference teacher, went to Mr. Posnett and in Baghdad of five officials of the said: "I used to persecute your British and Foreign, and the teacher; I pulled down the thatch American Bible Societies. from his shed, and tried to drive

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

him out, but I have come to tell five stations (Madras, Conjeev- plexes will be shed when one can you that I want his religion; eram, Chingleput, Arkonam and read his own Bible, subscribe to your teacher has saved and Sriperumbudur) together with his own paper, and form his changed my village, and he is 450 coworkers, eight Indian min- own opinions at first hand. now my friend." isters with 8,000 church mem- bers, give stalwart witness to the -United Church Review. -The Christian. growth and strength of this work. Dr. Laubach's Method "Temple Entry" Proclamation An outstanding feature of Dr. Frank C. Laubach says Caste Hindus in Travancore those early days was the baptism that teaching the people of Inhave issued a proclamation com- of two students, P. Rajahgopal dia to read is like trying to tear pelling the depressed class Chris- and A. Venkataramiah, which down the Himalayas. Only 8 tian converts to go to Hindu caused a furore, reduced the per cent of the 340,000,000 can temples. If they do not forsake school attendance from 400 to 70 read, and only 7 per cent of Christianity, they are not al- overnight, and brought on a those who can read can do it lowed to reap the harvest, and court case, through all of which well enough to understand what some are turned out of their the Christian leaders stood un- they are reading. Dr. Laubach poor dwellings. This restriction compromisingly for their faith, thinks he has the explanation. is being applied to London Mis- resulting in many conversions. There is in India a spoken lansion, Romon Catholic, Salvation guage and a written, in all the Army and Syrian converts in Madras Christian College, an large languages. These go by places like Avaneeswaram and outgrowth of the work of this the same name but have differ- Thalavoor. The matter has at- mission is celebrating the Cen- ent vocabularies. It is as if you tracted the attention of Mr. tenary by transfer to a new lo- were learning Greek, or Hebrew, Gandhi, who has promised to try cation covering 390 a'cres at and had to learn both a new voto better the situation. Tambaram, sixteen miles south cabulary and a new alphabet. -National Missionary Intelli- of Madras. It is worse than that for the il- literate, for he has never learned gencer. -United Church Review. any letters and does not know what to expect. Dr. Laubach is Santal Mission Anniversary Literacy by 1941 advocating that all illiterates be taught in their own dialects, This year marks the seven- The All-India Conference of learning to read in the spoken tieth anniversary of the found- India Christians has issued a language. Thus the other laning of the Santal Mission of challenge: "Every Christian guages will become dead. North India. Of the founders, able to read by 1941." Here are Hans Peter Borresen and Lars some of the reasons for expect- -Missionary Herald. Olsen Skrefsrud, the former was ing a literate Church of Christ a native of Denmark, the latter in India four years hence. First, Gospel Inn at Leh of Norway. The mission is now there are many evidences of a supported by Lutherans in Den- widespread interest in adult lit- The Christian tells us that at mark, Norway and America. eracy. Active committees are Leh, on the border of VVestern There are fifty missionaries in at work in every part of the Tibet where Moravian missionthe field, twenty from Norway, country in the study of the prob- aries have labored for many twenty from Denmark and ten lems involved, in the prepara- years without seeing much fruit, from America, and the field is tion of materials, in the encour- it is now proposed to erect a expanding. Scattered over a agement of voluntary teachers "Gosnel Inn," in an attempt to strip of territory 400 miles lon~ of the illiterate. Preliminary at- obtain closer contact with nilare small Santal churches with tempts have met with distinct grims on their wav to their holy their pastors, evangelists and success. Striking achievements city. This inn will afford shel- Bible women. There are village in other countries spur India to ter and rest for the pilgrims and schools, and, in the large cen- the attainment of literacy. Rus- give opportunity for the missionters, boarding schools both for sia raised her literary from 33 aries to minister to their spiritboys and girls. There are also to 90 per cent between 1921 and ual needs. orphan homes, hospitals, and at 1931. In China, Dr. Y. C. James Saldoha a colony for lepers. Yen, began a mass literacy Christian Villages in Siam movement in 1922 with 1,450 Madras Centenary students; and within seven years One of Siam's largest Chris- he had taught five million to tian groups consists of ten vil- Scottish missionaries in Ma- read and write. lages where work is being cardras and vicinity are rejoicing ried on by Siamese leaders. In in their hundred years of his- Recent research has shown the largest church in this area tory. In February of 1837, John that the adult can learn to read there are several active organ- Anderson, son of a blind farmer some five times as rapidly as a izations-a large primary Sunof southern Scotland, landed in child. Many are influenced in day school, a large day school, Madras and began a school with their interest in literacy by the and a Kings Daughters circle. a definite evangelistic aim. To- political franchise to be gained They have their own evangelists day, thirty-six missionaries in by the literate. Inferiority com- whom they send out to work in

neighboring villages. There is colleges are coming to positio~s reconsecrating themselves to a large group of people studying of influence in the State and III Christ and four applying for now to be received into the all the learned professions. In church membership. c h u r c h as soon as they are the last dozen years the number ready. These church members of enrolled students of the Chris- Rev. C. H. Wong, pastor of tithe, and their gifts are more tian colleges has increased from the East Shanghai B a p ti s t than enough to meet the ex- 2000 to over 7,000. There are Church, asks these questions of penses of the church and sup- 800 graduates going out of these candidates for church memberport their own pastor. They institutions every year to take ship: are now asking for an assistant up their careers of various pastor, since the one cannot do kinds." What does it mean to be a Chrisall the work that might be done. -Missionary Herald (London). tian? Why do you want to become a They are ready to assume the Christian? What is the difference besupport of the extra pastor as Radio Preaching tween a Christian and a non-Chrissoon as he can be obtained. tian? Are the members of you~ fam- One of the most encouraging ily Christian? . Does yo~r .famIly ob- Singapore Churches features of Christian work in ject to your bemg a ChrrstIan? What Shanghai today is the Christian would you do if some one should per- Churches in Singapore differ Broadcasting Station. The un- secute you for being a Christian? Why from those in America in that usual thing about the broadcasts do you wan~ to join the. church? Wh~t they are run by young people, is their popularity, since only is the meamng of oaptIsm, the Lord s for in the ordinary church there one person out of 300 is a Chris- Supper, prayer, etc.? Do you p.r3:Y and are more youths than adults. tian. The station was begun, read your Bible? Are you wIllmg to The explanation for this is found and is still financed by a Chris- help bring others to Christ? in the fact that the church con- tian Chinese business merchant, ducts primary and· secondary who probably gives not less than Sometimes candidates are schools in every section of the nine-tenths of his income to God, asked to wait for further study city. These mission schools meet and part of it meets the heavy of Christianity, or until they the government standards, and expenses connected with this have a deeper experience of teach religion during these form- broadcasting center. W hen Christ before they are presented ative years, so that religious some one suggested that perhaps to the church for membership. education is a part of the whole more money was being spent on process, and not merely a Sun- its maintenance than should be, -Watchman-Examiner. day morning project. he replied that instead of spend- ling less, he felt he ought to Fukien's Experiment Another difference is that the spend more, and would do so. congregations are interracial; Thus he is now proposing that Fukien Christian University, the Sunday school and worship Government stations in other with a dozen villages within an service may be in Chinese from provincial capitals be placed at hour's walk of its campus – a 8: 30 to 10: 30. English may be the service of Christian preach- campus fashioned out of seventy the language for the next two ers. By payment of a fixed sum acres of rice and potato fields, hours and Malay in the after- to the authorities in charge of is not unmindful of its obliganoon. The same minister may those stations, half-an-hour daily tion to solve its share of the Chihave two of these groups and can be allowed for the broad- nese rural problem. The unisometimes the third. Race does casting of the Gospel. This ra- versity believes that the r~con­ not matter-only language. dio service reaches "the war struction of the rural areas IS an lords and the politicians, the experiment, and therefore an ex- Six out of ten churches in farmers and the factory work- pert's task. Francis Chen, with Singapore are self-supporting. ers, the old and the young, the his Yale Ph.D., in rural econom- Those receiving mission help are pirates and the followers of ics has returned to China as exthe newly organized ones. Some Christ." -China's Millions. pe;imenter. A gift secured by of the Chinese laymen have Rev. E. H. Smith, of the AmerIstarted an anti-opium clinic Evangelism in Shanghai can Board in Ingtai, provides which they are supporting, and funds for a five-year period of reports show over 1,000 patients University experimenting; and the village with 1,400 on the waiting list. of Nieu Tien is the starting It is the custom at the Uni- point. . -RALPH A. FELTON. versity of Shanghai (Baptist), to have four evangelistic meet- Forty year'S of revolution have CHINA ings each year, each called "Re~ made the farmer their victim. ligious Emphasis Week." Per- He is the sufferer from the civil Christian Influence Expanding sonal work is done largely wars, exorbitant taxes, the cor- through fellowship groups. dur- rupt and bewildered gentry, not At a meeting in London of ing the year. The l~st serIes ~f to speak of bandits and commu- British Missionary Societies, meetings resulted III 14 decI- nists. The farmers constitute Rev. C. E. Wilson, Baptist For- sions, twenty-two desiring to four-fifths of the total popula-: eign Secretary, said: enter Bible classes, seventy-four tion. To save the farmer is, therefore, to save the nation. "It is one of the most remarkable features of modern China -Far Horizons. that the graduates of Christian Through Personal Contact Of 28 students and teachers baptized in one station in China

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

during the past year, 17 came ites" has learned a great deal of the Church of Christ in China. from non-Christian schools. A about the Chiang people of the Similar boards are being de- Presbyterian m iss ion a r y in western borderland of China. veloped at Kulangsu and Chuancharge of student work there They live between China proper chow. Outlying hospitals at says that these were not super- and Tibet. They bear such un- Changpu and Siokhe will be opficial or emotional decisions, but mistakable marks of being Is- erated as branches of the Changfollowed many months of care- raelitish that Mr. Torrance chow hospital center, and it is ful training in communicants' says: "Were they clad in foreign proposed that other outlying classes, and much personal dis- dress and set down in London or hospitals shall be designated as cussion with other Christians. New York, they would be taken branches of the Kulangsu and Most of these young people first at once for Jews." Chuanchow centers respectively. became interested in Christianity The description he gives of the Each of the three missions conthrough Christian stu den t s use of an altar in the sacred cerned have given approval to whom they knew. Said this mis- grove, and of the slaying of the the plan. sionary: "It is easier to get stu- sacrificial lamb by an appointed dents into a vital relationship priest, clad in special priestly GENERAL with God in their personal lives garments, is strangely reminis- Religion—'Not Philosophy than to lead them into the cent of the Old Testament sacri- Needed fices, and the likeness is further Church." -Monday Morning. borne out by the ritualistic use President Jam e s Rowland of a priestly rod bearing the im- Angell of Yale University insists age of a serpent, recalling the that religion, rather than phi- Leprosy Conferences ancient Nehustan. The similar- losophy must be relied on to Within a week after the tragic ities between Israelitish and change the human heart and shooting of sixty lepers at Chiang religious practices all solve our many problems. Said Yeungkong, two of the most shed fresh light on many an elu- he at the Bowdoin Institute of noted scientific bodies in China sive Bible allusion. The national Philosophy: were in session-the Chinese story of the Chiang people un- "Anything which gives any Medical Association and the doubtedly holds the answer to promise of restoring some meas- Third National Conference on many hitherto unanswered ques- ure of sobriety of outlook, some Leprosy. The national character tions of religion and history. common convictions a m 0 n g of these two organizations made Mr. Torrance's work of Bible thoughtful and honorable men, them loud-speakers of protest distribution in West China has is deserving of encouragement. against these executions. On the strictly intellectual side, brought many Chiang villages philosophy and science are alone The Me d i c a I Association likely to gain the necessary hearpassed the following resolution, into the Christian fold. ing from our thinking leaders, quickly seconded by the Leprosy -Bible Society Record.

Conference: Three Missions Unite Medical and perhaps by contagion some Work shreds of sanity may spread to That the Chinese Medical Association, in session at the Medical Center, Dr. Edward H. Hume sends common folk who have neither Shanghai, has heard with dismay of the mental power nor the train- the premeditated murder of lepers in an account of the federation of ing to think through basic probthe Yeungkong hospital leper settlement and the subsequent looting of three medical missions in China, lems for themselves. In the the settlement by soldiers; formerly maintained separately larger area of feeling and emo- by three denominations, to com- tion, to which appeal has finally That, apart from the natural ab- bine all medical work in South horrence of such cruelties, this and to be made before any social re- similar acts, in direct contravention Fukien into one unit. Late in sponse of significant magnitude of the orders of the Canton authorities, as expressed in their published 1936, a survey committee was can be hoped for, I think we injunctions strictly forbidding the appointed by the three missions molestation of lepers, do more than must look to essential religion. I involved – American Reformed, personally think that the most anything else to spread the disease by English Presbyterian and Eng- sophisticated can with intellectdriving every leper into hiding; lish Congregational – w h i c h ual assurance turn to the convic- And that immediate steps be taken by the officers of this conference to studied the entire area and tion that spiritual forces are inapproach the proper authorities in reached the conclusion that it digenous to ultimate reality, that they are in part reflected in such Nanking and Canton, urging that would be desirable to commence suitable penalties be imposed on the united activities at one center, conceptions as we have of jusmurderers, that steps be taken to protect the lepers, and especially to pre- while regarding the hospitals of tice and truth and beauty and the vent the molestation of those under- love of our fellow man." He going medical treatment. the entire area as essentially be- added that the task of turnin~ longing to a single plan. The -Without the Camp. Board of Managers of the hos- people as individuals from mal- pital at Changchow (London ice, cruelty, and selfish lust "is a The Chiangs of West China Mission) agreed to go out of ex- task which religion can most istence and a new board was cre- easily perform, and hardly any The author of "China's First ated, three of whose members other agency can make a real be- Missionaries – Ancient Israel- were designated by the Synod ginning."

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Our. Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information A Theology for Christian Missions. pear, as he recognizes! with t~e tain them. Meanwhile it is good By Hugh Vernon White. 220 pp. historic Catholic faIth. HIS Christology does not seem to be to have this thoughtful book $2. Willett, Clark & Co., New York the historic Chris~ology either of which goes so far and sets forth and Chicago. 1937. the Roman Catholic Church or so much truth as to life and of the theology of the Reformed thought and duty that one This book begins with a re- Churches. He reverences Jesus freshing note, at variance with wishes it would go further and the easy unrational and self-con- Christ as the historic revelation recover all of the great evan- of the character of God but says tradictory view of the past gen- little of the Risen Christ as a liv- gelical tradition which is as true eration which eschewed any in- ing supernatural person and today and will be as true tomorterest in the theological basis of foreign missions and advocated now as it ever was.

the adequacy of the ideal and R. E. SPEER. motive of human service. But presence and little of the mysti- cal element .of Christian experi- Two Missionary Voyages. By Thomas why were the ideal and motive ence. He saves a good deal of TPrhoommoptsionng. 8C7hprips.tiaIns. KSnoocwielteydfgoer. of human service adequate? the old but the movement of London. 1937.

Any attempt to answer this q?es- thought preserves the human- This little paper-bound book tion involved the answerer III a istic construction of the past few rescues from obscurity the name theology, a very thin and poor decades instead of entering into of a pioneer missionary who was theology perhaps, but still a the- the new currents which return sent out nearly two hundred ology which sooner or later had to God, rather than man, as the years ago (1745) by the Society to grapple with the meaning of the ideas of God and man and center and the constructive prin- for the Propogation of the Gos- ciple of Christian thought and pel of the Church of E,ngland to society. experience. The emphasis her2 work among the EnglIsh colon- Dr. White sees all this clearly is on man's service of his ists in New Jersey, and who, and states his view with unmis- brother, using the concepts of when his opportunity was closed takable plainness: God and of the teaching and ex- by the Revolution five years It is my strong conviction that the ample of the historic Jesus, later became the first Anglican Christian mission must have an ex- rather than on God in Christ, missionary to West Africa. His plicit theology to sustain it. These the Christ of history, the living interesting account of his adventlheecotuloregsi,cathl epreofionrteo, frevpireewseannt da dthefeinaitte- Christ, at wodrk u1sintg' manf Hfo' r turous voyages and varied extempt to ground evangelical Christian- the service an sa va Ion 0 IS periences were published by the children. The books cited are Society during his lifetime, but itv in beliefs about God, Christ, man .and the nature of the spiritual life, the books of the humanistic had been out of print and lost trend and thehre 'stehems to be for 150 years till a stray cop.y wprheiscehntc-adnaybeChhreilsdtiawnisthancodnwfidheicnhceCb2ny either no touc WI or a con- was found in the Rutger's 11be defended rationally and sustained scious ignoring of the new and brary in New Brunswi<;k. T~e by practical experience. Evangelical tfshaioeintohslo. ghiacIsaflatshfuuapntpdosarumtpeponoftratClhfrsaitla~ltksi,eanCinhmr~tIhss-e- dominant currents which turn Society has now republIshed It, back to the B.iblicaDl coWnche.ptts of wI'th explanatory introductions., tianity ceases to be a "gospel" in the God and ChrIst. r. 1 e ac- in its original form. The EdI- local parish as well as on the mission cepts "the passing of the old ra- torial Secretary rightly says field. tional premises for doctrinal that it will stir the imagination constructidon' wthh ti c hh'Cathfoltihcs of all who care for the records of ingWefohr avtheehamdisesnioonuagrhy swpeocrikal opfletahde- have foun III e eac Illg.O e old days and are ready to honor church. What it needs is not special Church and Protestants III the the memory of a Christian pio- letter of Scripture." Is it not neer and hero. pleading but a clear realization that the world mission finds its oraratiloin~a-l rather t rubaectkhat 0t dtahye sWe I'otlhd prem- _ ARTHUR J. BROWN. justification as well as its m ises are a new perative in the very nature of ChrIstianity. This is what makes so neces- sary today a treatment of missions power? The future will show. The Deeper Life. By Max I. Reich. The future will show also 112 pp. $1.00. Wm. B. Eerdman from the point of view of Christian theology. whether Dr. White's construc- Pub. Co. Grand Rapids, Mich.

When Dr. White states his tion of a theology for Christian Those who share the convictheology, however, variances ap- missions will sustain and main- tion that the present urgent need Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the RllvIIlW publishers on receipt of price.

[446 ]

OUR MISSIONARY

is the deepening of the spiritual by the Apostles, and effective in which characterize his discuslife of the church will prize this a new righteousness from God, sion of the subject, which is volume of studies by a gifted and a new access to God, a new crea- especially timely in this year of able expositqr. Dr.· Reich is a tion by God for those who ac- the Edinburgh World Confermember of the faculty of the cept it. Dr. McNicol does not ence on Faith and Order. Moody Bible Institute and the start with a thesis to which facts book reflects both his deep spir- must be made to conform. His ARTHUR J. BROWN. itual discernment and wide appeal is to what "is written." knowledge of the Scriptures. How completely documented Missionary Illustrations. By Alva His approach is somewhat un- from Scripture his treatment is usual in that there is almost en- may be judged from the 500 ref- C. Bowers. 154 pp. $1.50. Flemtire absence of illustration or erences listed in the Scripture ing H. Revell. New York. appeal to emotion. The aim is Index at the end of the book. rather to bring into view great Yet the text does not seem cum- Here are stories of real exareas of spiritual privilege re- bered by excessive quotation. vealed in the Scriptures, which On the contrary, the argument periences, gathered by the au- Christians so largely neglect. moves steadily forward, without There is the constant holding up waste of words, from position to thor during his twenty-six years of the divine mirror to expose position, as each is established the deformities of the self life, and fortified in turn. Marked in foreign mission service. Pasand warning against formalism, with fine insight and evident ritualism and doctrinalism, as scholarship the book is neverthe- tors, Sunday school teachers and foes to highest spiritual attain- less not academic. It is wholement. The sixteen chapters are somely objective, and yet at the leaders of young people will find rich in sustenance for the inner same time is intense with feellife, especially those on Deeper ing. Obviously the Christian this book a mine of usable inci- Fellowship, Deeper Teaching, evangel has pro v e d in the and Deeper Peace. writer's own case to be "power dents that will increase the unto salvation," and he cherishes If there be any qualification in it with joyous conviction. Any- knowledge of other lands, and one's appreciation of a book of one who wishes to understand such high value and helpfulness, essential Christianity cannot do give point to inspirational this would relate to one or two better than read this book. instances of overstatement. truths. H. H. F. ARTHUR H. GORDON. HUGH R. MONRO. God's Methods for Holy Living. Church Unity. By the Rev. F. H. Dr. Donald Grey Barnhouse. 50 The Christian Evangel. By John Me· Knubel, D.D. 86 pp. 75 cents. cents. 93 pp. Revelation. Phila- Nicol, D.D. 12mo. 193 pp. $1.50. Board of Publication of the United delphia. 1937. American Tract Society, New York. Lutheran Church in America. 1937. 1937. This volume of brief addresses This discussion of church It is a good omen that books unity, by the distinguished presi- deals with a theme of which we are appearing, one after another, dent of the United Lutheran which seek to define Christian- Church in America, is in the hear all too little in present-day ity as presented in the New Tes- form of a commentary on the tament. Many have become Epistle to the Ephesians, whose preaching. Holiness has had a weary of the vague religiousness real theme is held to be the unity of much contemporary preach- of the Church, and in which St. prominent place in the great reing, and eagerly desire to know Paul presents the "fundamental what the original Christian mes- facts concerning unity," "Chris- vivals since Wesley's day, but sage really was. They wish to tian responsibility for unity" "distinguish the things that dif- and the proper methods for the because of the teaching of eradier." Dr. Machen's "What Is "promotion of unity by Chris- Faith," and Principal Michlem's tian denominations." cation and other extremes by book with a similar title, are calculated to meet this commend- Leaders who feel that true certain groups, a widespread able desire. The volume by Dr. unity should and will express it- McNicol belongs in the same self in union, that union does prejudice has recently grown up. class and certainly does not suf- not mean a standardized unifer by comparison. It is a clear, formity or a supergovernment, To omit a truth so essential as coherent, cogent setting forth of and that a closer union than now the "Christian Evangel" as fore- exists is long overdue, will prob- this leaves great areas of Scripshadowed in the Old Testament, ably not share Dr. Knubers fear made possible by our Lord, in of "the hurried establishment of ture uncultivated and the sym- His life and death and resurrec- an external union." They will, tion, certified by the gift of the however, respect the ability, sin- metry of Christian doctrine is Spirit at Pentecost, proclaimed cerity and fine Christian spirit sadly marred.

Dr. Barnhouse's approach is well balanced, scriptural, and in the fullest sense practical and helpful. His numerous illustra- tions are highly effective. the language clear and forceful, and there is a sustained interes '; throughout. The reader will lay down this book with a sense of spiritual refreshment and with much new light upon the Word of God. H. R. MONRO.

My Servant Moses. By E. Ray Cam- eron. A.M., Th.M. 12mo. 187 pp. $1.50. Fleming H. Revell Company, N. Y. 1937.

Here is a straightforward chronicle of the life of the great Hebrew lawgiver. It follows closely the Biblical record, util- izing often its very phraseology, and makes no attempt to ap- praise the documents critically, or speculate as to their origin.

Their full reliability is taken for The History of Sin Personal Items granted. The writer presents An illuminating and instruc- (Concluded from 2d cover.) ]doses as the chief instrument tive treatise on the little understood subject of the on church properties, and for a bish- through whom the Providence of origin and development of sin op's residence. God operated for the deliverance in the world. of Israel from Egypt. He traces Rev. F. Wh*itt*ake*r, an English The Marks of Sonship that Providence in detail from Methodist missionary in Hyderabad, the beginning to the end of Tracing in clear language the India, has been appointed mass move- ]doses' life, and seeks to inter- pathway of sonship. An ad- ment secretary of the National Chris- pret ]doses' reactions to it. He mirable treatise dealing with tian Council of India. This post is the very heart of the Gospel. made necessary by the situation fd1- introduces us to ]doses' inward lowing the Ambedkar movement of conflicts and hesitations, his ven- The History of Temptation the Depressed Classes. tures of faith, the motives which Barring what seem to us one *** actuated him, his hopes and or two extremes in statement, . trials and disappointments and this pamphlet throws a flood Rajah B. Manikam, Ph.D., has been of light on a subject concern- elected one of the secretaries of the triumphs. The result is no mere ing which there is far too National Christian Council of India, symbolic figure of the dim past, much superficial thinking. Burma and Ceylon. His time will be devoted to the Central Board of Chris- aloof and severe, but "a real When Winter Comes tian Higher Education and to the warm-blooded human being" of promotion of Christian literature. Dr. like passions with ourselves, and A tribute to those in advanced Manikam has been vice-principal of years by one in the prime of Andhra Christian College, supported "as lovable as any character in by the United Lutheran Church. history." The scattered facts of ]doses life are collected and in- *** Dr. Adolph Keller, director of the Central Bureau of Relief of the Evan- life. Emphasis is placed on gelical Churches of Europe, is coming cluded in the narrative, empha- to the United States this month. He the solid satisfactions of later will participate in the National sizing his versatility, his prodi- years when there are hallowed Preaching Mission and will give lecgious achievements and their abiding value. Now and then memories and a living faith. tures on the recent Oxford Conferthe story is made more vivid by In contrast to the unbelieving, ence. *** imaginative touches, as when such find light at eventide.

]doses and Aaron meet after HUGH R. MONRO. Obituary Notes forty years of separation and James Hudson Taylor of China. By Mrs. Hele,n Pierson Curtis. the J. J. Ellis. 96 pp. 2s. Pickering wife of the Rev. Frederick S. Curtis, talk over old times, or when the who spent forty years of her life with sensational experiences of Israel, and Inglis. London and Edinburgh. her husband as a missionary in Japan during the days immediately and Korea, died in New Haven, Conn., after the escape from Egypt, are Hudson Taylor was 'known as on July 5, 1937. She was born in Binghamton, N. Y., on August 9, relayed in the modern form of "the man who believed God." 1861, the daughter of Dr. and Mrs. news flashes. Judicious and per- Arthur T. Pierson. She was educated tinent practical suggestions ap- He believed God without any in Kalamazoo Seminary and after her marriage went to Japan in 1888 pear at intervals, which remind qualifications whatever. The where she did a notable work in teach- ing and evangelism. M'rs. Curtis is one that the book has its roots in awe-inspiring fact of his life survived by her husband and four a series of sermons preached to children. the writer's own congregation. was this simple faith; and the One finishes reading with a sense one great lesson to be drawn from it is the power of such a faith. H. H. F.

of profit from having become Seminary Militant. By Louise Porter Herbert Udn*y *W*eitbrecht Stanbetter acquainted with this most impressive Biblical character, Thomas. 117 pp. $1.00. Dept. of ton, for many years an associate edi- English, Mount Holyoke College. tor of The Moslem World, died on 1937. prior to Christ Himself. May 30 in London, at the age of eigh- One of the centennial publi- ty-six. Dr. Weitbrecht Stanton, schol- ARTHUR H. GORDON. cations of ]dount Holyoke Col- ar and linguist, was a distinguished Series of Six Booklets. 16 pp., with lege, being an account of the missionary of the Church Missionary heavy paper cover. By Donald Grey Society in the Punjab for more than missionary movement at the a generation. His long residence in Barnhouse. 10 cents each. Revela- college, inspired and developed India, and his intimate acquaintance tion, Philadelphia. by its founder, ]dary Lyon. The with Arabic as well as Urdu, specially Happy Though Poor book is interestingly compiled fitted him to write on Moslem prob- lems. An arresting discussion of the from letters, diaries, and note- secret of happiness, replete books of early students and *** with vivid illustration, sound teachers. Along with the strug- reasoning and clear Scripture Mrs. William Clifton Dodd, hon- teaching. orably retired Presbyterian mission- gle to develop higher education . ary to Siam, died at her home in Men Whom God Struck Dead for women was the dauntless re– Johnstown, Pa., July 4, 1937. Isabella Ruth Eakin was born at Solemn lessons drawn from solve to convert the world. The Rose Point, Pa., June 26, 1861, sailed long list of ]dount Holyoke for Siam on October 20, 1887. In 1889 alumnre who have served as mis- she became the wife of Dr. William judgments of Scripture. Each sionaries at home or abroad in- C. Dodd and for nearly 33 years they illustration is given a power- work as pioneers in that remote Laos ful present-day application. cludes the name of Dr. Ida field, hundreds of miles from the Scudder. fringe of civilization. H. H. F.

Book. For OCTOBER

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Anti-Christian Anny —

200,000,000 Moslems The strongest united force opposing the claims of Christ and the progress of modern missions is the Moslem population of the world. Although the followers of Mohammed believe that Jesus was a prophet of God and although the Koran gives Him an exalted place, the Mohammedans refuse to accept Him as Son of God and the only Saviour from the penalty and power of sin.

The Moslems are not only extremely fanatical but they are also militant propagandists for their religious faith and practices. The difficulties they put in the way of Christian missionary work are especially felt in countries where Islam is in control or that claim a majority of the population. Such countries are: Egypt, the Sudan, North Africa, Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Arabia, Iran, Afghanistan, parts of India, Malaya, China and southeastern Europe.

The October MISSIONARY REVIEW will be devoted to this subject-with articles by mission· aries and converts, maps and illustrations, news and book reviews. Among the articles will be: The Moslem World Today…………………………………… Dwight M. Donaldson Why Take Christ to Moslems …………………………………… Samuel M. Zwemer Some Moslem Superstitions …………………………………………. Davida Finney The Gospel that Wins Moslems …………………………………….. W. Wilson Cash Moslem Reactions to the Gospel …………………………………….. James Haldane My Experience with Moslems ………………………………………. " Frank Laubach Christian vs. Moslem Homes ………………………………… .Mrs. Edwin E. Calverley Medical Missions to Moslems …………………………………… , ….. Paul Harrison Encouragements Among Moslems ………………………………………. George Swan Sermon by a Convert from Islam ………………………… , ………. .Sa'eed Kurdistani What Christ Means to Me …………….. " …………………. .By Converts from Islam Best Books on the Moslem World ……………………………••..• •Samuel M. Zwemer 25 cents a copy –Send Your· Order Now– ~2.s0 a year ~20.00 a hundred Special Pmt! in ~antities if ordered bt!fore Septembt!T 15th THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD THIRD AND REILY STREETS, HARRISBURG, PA.

Robert E. Speer, President Delavan L. Pierson, Editor

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1928

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MONTREAT, N. C. Mi3s;onary Bureau Chicago, Dliaoia Please mention THE MISSIONARY REvmw OF THB WOBLD In writing to .lLdvertlsers. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor APRIL TABLE OF CONTENTS FRONTISPIECE-PRODUCTS OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS IN I"DIA Page FIFTY YEARS OF MISSIONS IN INDIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J". J". LUCAS 261 A mi8Bionary oj nearly 60 years' e~perienGe describes the progre.ss of Ohristianity in India during the laat hall oentury.

AT THE HOLIEST HINDU FESTIVAL ••………………… HOWARD E. A"DERSON 269 The unholy parade 01 the holie8t lakir8 on the holie8t day 01 the "Feat/val 01 the Pot oj Necta;r7' at Hardwar, India, is vivdZll described as viewed: by a Ohristian.

A MISSIONARY'S MOTIVES TODAy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ROBERT A. HUME 275 An American missionary of over fifty years' service gives his view oj what are the compelling motives that draw volu.nteers to missiQnary BeT'pice.

UNCLAIMED AREAS FOR CHRIST-II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ROBERT E. SPEER 279 The Moderator oj the Presbyterian General .Assembly concludes his stirring a-ddres8 ah01D1ng QtW Uunevangelized desires" Ulnd the "areas in Christ still unclaimed'} by OhrlBtiano.

THE CROSSROADS CHURCH AT THE CROSSROADS ………….. JAY S. STOWELL 284 An impre8Bive picture of the altuation that lace. the country chltro/> itt the clwny.a that ha.ve come in- recent years.

EVANGELICAL MISSIONS IN LATIN AMERICA ………… WEBSTU E. BROWNING 294 A contrast., 8howing evangelica' Ohristia.nity in South America jifty yea,rs ago and today.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES……………………………………………….. 301 CONFERRING AT JERUSALEM THIl CHURCH AND THE JEW METHODS FOR WORKERS: USING THE PUBLIC LIBRARy ..••………………………….. SALLIE E. COY 305 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN . . . . . . . . . . . EDITED BY Ef,f,A D. MACLAURIN 311 THIRD CONFIlRENcm ON THE CAUSE AND CURE OF WAR WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . EDITED BY FLOUNcm E. QUINLA.N 314 THill ANNUAL MEETING-AND AFTER WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK……………………………………………….. . 317 BOOKS WORTH READING………………………………………………. 333 TERMS: $2.60 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 26 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1928, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

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ROBmRT E. SPERa, Pre8ident WHo I. CHAHBBRLAIN, Vloe-PreBident DELAVAN L. PIERSON I Seoreta7"1l WALTJIIR MCDOUGALL. TreaBurer Publication Office, 3d & Reily Sts.. Harrisburg, Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. Editorial and Business Office, Ui6 Fifth .Avenue, Ne~' York City Entered as second-class lDlltter at the Post OIDce, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. PERSONALS REV. JAMES I. VANCE, D.D., of the Provide for Your Wife Presbyterian Church in the United States is the newly-elected President of Is she accustomed to business matters? the Foreign Mis*sion..s C..onference. If Dot, the care of property, ioyed- MRS. RICHARD HURST, a Methodist, has meDts of iDsuraDce aDd CODSe"atioD been elected by the Federation of Wom- of your estate may be a real burdeD. en's Boards of Foreign Missions to succeed the late Mrs. E. C. Cronk in the Crooked promoters take advantage of Department of Children's Work. inexperienced widows. Your life sav- ings may be lost and your family come III' lie fie to want. This is ioIpossible if you secure CHARLES K. EDMUNDS, for twenty years President of Lingnan University Life Annuity Agreements of the Mission (formerly Canton Christian College) and more recently Provost of Johns Hopkins Boards of the Methodist Episcopal University, has been elected President of Pomona College, California. Church.

JAMES HARDY*DIL*LA*RD, President of For Further inlormation writ.: Morria W. Ehnea, Treasurer. Board of Foraill" the Jeanes and the John F. Slater Funds, and Julius Rosenwald of Chicago have Mission. 01 the Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 been honored with the 1928 awards for Filth Avenue. New York, N. Y., or . .. .. improving race relations granted by the W. J. Elliott, T ",.surer. Board of Home Mwions aud Chwch ExtenRoB 01 th. Methodiot Episcopal Harmon Foundation. Church. 1701 Arch Street, Philaclelphia, Pa.

JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER, JR., has given HARTFORD $250,000 to the Northern Baptist Convention to be applied on its current year's budget for hOme and foreign missions, and in addition he has offered another $250,000 conditionally, to equal, dollar for dollar, any increase over last year in the unified budget receipts.

* * ..

REV. E. STANLEY JONES, D. D., author of "The Christ of the Indian Road," has been elected a delegate to the Methodist General Conference at Kansas City by . .. .. the North India Conference. YANG YUNG CHING, a third gen~ra­ tion Christian, who has held varIOUS SEMINARY FOUNDATION posts in the diplomatic service and was in 1926 Chinese Consul-General in Lon- Theological Seminary don, has been elected President of Soo- School of Religious Education Kennedy School of Missions chow University.* .. .. W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, Pre,ident MISS YI FANG Wu, a member of the first class graduated from Ginling Col- A UNIVltRS!lY of religion. Three schools of lege (1919) and who has been stUdying Christian training on one campus. The Theologi· iv. the United States since 1922, has been cal Seminary trains for the ministry; the School ~lected President of her Alma Mater, to of Missions for the {orelgn field; the School of Religious Education for the lay worker and teacher .. . .. Bucceed Mrs. Lawrence Thurston. and for soc.al service. Courses in any of t4e three schools are opeli to all students. Thus opportunity The following Committee was ap- is offered for a' full rounded professional training pointed at Atlantic City to represent the for religious ,leadd'ship. Foreign Missions Conference on the Editorial Council of the REVIEW: Rev. Wm. Hartford' S'eminary Foundation is located in the P. Schell, Secretary of the Presbyterian centel' of the 'iritellectuat~ and cultural life of New Foreign Missions Board (chairman); England, haH wily between Boston and ,New YO,Tk. Mrs. William E. Geil, President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of For- A series -Of hatldsomQ and well-appointed buddeign Missions; Dr.. William Bancroft ings makes its campUs,01le of the most b~aut!ful i!1 Hill, Committee of Reference and Coun- its section of. the country. The ~ase Memorial Lt· sel of the Foreign Missions Conference; brary contaihing 200,000 volumes and, J?3mphlets Rev. James H. Franklin, D.D., Secretary is for the use of the three schools. ThIS 15 one of of the American Baptist Foreign Mission the richest theologica1 libraries in the country. The Society; Rev. Henry Smith Leiper, Sec- faculty is composed of thirty scholarly ttlen and women who have attained distinction in their reretary of the American Board of Com- spective fields. missioners of the Foreign Missions. Year Book and further information sent on application to the Deans, 55 Elizabeth Street, Hartford, Conn.

Please mention THE MIsSIONARY REVIEW 01' TBlI WORLD In wrltlnr to advertise… THE SOli.W KAREN HIGH SCHOOl. OF 1.'HE AMERICAN BAPTIST MISSION 11.'£ BASSEIN, BURMA PRODUCTS OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS IN INDIA

LI, No.4 April,1928

FIFTY YEARS OF MISSIONS IN INDIA BY REV. J. J. LUCAS, D.D., Landour, Mussoorie, U. P., India For Fifty-seven Years a Missionary at the Presbyterian Church (U. S_ A.) in India T HERE is a great contrast in this they had no reason to exist as the extent and scope of Chris- mission schools. tian missionary work in India Well do I remember the debate fifty years ago and now. Then the on this subject oy missionaries missions in Bengal, Bombay, the from all parts of India at the Mis- United Provinces, Central Prov- sionary Conference held in Al- inces, Rajputana and Punjab had lahabad, December 1872, when Dr.

established no industrial and agri- S. H. Kellogg of the North India cultural institutions and colonies Presbyterian Mission contended as part of their activities. "that the primary object of Chris- There were a few mission presses tian missions was to save souls."

here and there, most of them hun- The Baptist missionaries from AI- dreds of miles apart. These were lahabad, Agra and Delhi agreed begun and carried on by mission- with him, saying that "secular aries primarily for the purpose of education is not the work of the printing the Scriptures and books missionary." They urged with and tracts in the vernacular. The great earnestness that none of the printers in those early days were Apostles or founders of the Church the boys and men who had been in its early centuries had founded gathered as children into orphan- schools and colleges for the con- ages during times of famine. version of non-Christians; that It was not then the policy to the Roman Empire was a difficult carry on schools for teaching field and yet it was won by preach- trades to Christian boys. Such ing; that the fewness of converts schools, so common now, were con- from schools and colleges, not in sidered outside the purpose for one mission but in every mission, which missionaries came to India. demonstrated that schools for Indeed, in those days, the only Hindus and Moslems, without fruit justification for any m iss ion in conversion, had not the sign of schools was to turn their students the approval of the Lord of the to Christ and lead them to an open Harvest.

confession of Him as their Lord An answer to these objections and Saviour. If schools failed in was voiced by William Miller, then 261

a young missionary, principal of that the defenders of schools and the Madras Christian College, to colleges are forced to rely largely the effect that in our mission plans even now on the arguments urged there should be a place for the in 1872. Principal Miller, in that plough and harrow, for diggers of long-ago address in the Allahabad canals as well as for great evan- Conference, did not fail to utter a gelists; that India is not the word of warning that whenever Roman Empire with its syna- the time to reap came, as it was gogues and its colonies of Jews, sure to come, it would be disastrous saturated with the teachings of the to attempt reaping with the plough Old Testament, men speaking and harrow. Missionaries in India Greek as well as Hebrew; that our today are echoing that word of schools and colleges are not be warning. After all these years the judged by their immediate effects; time of plowing and harrowing that it is a mistake to attempt to among the educated classes has reap when it is the time to plough passed or is rapidly passing, and and sow, that the plough is to be we need now to hear the Holy judged by its fitness to break up Spirit interpret and apply the mes- the ground and not by whether it sage spoken so long ago: "Say not can do the work of a mower or ye–there are yet four months and reaper; that the aim of Christian then cometh the harvest? Behold I missions is to bring India, the say unto you-Lift up your eyes whole nation, to Christ, so that and look on the fields, for they are Christian thought and influences white already to harvest."

will enter into the lives and Dr. Stanley Jones has gone again character of the people of India, and again from one end of India to as they do in Europe and America ; the other speaking to thousands that God works slowly and by and thousands of the educated means adapted to the end, and so as classes, many of them old students fellow workers with Him we must of mission schools and colleges, and adapt our means, whether plough he prophesies a mass movement of or reaper, to the ground we find this class, turning to Christ as in India. their Lord and Saviour. Some five Principal Miller won the day in or six years ago I heard Dr. Jones that Missionary Conference in Al- speaking under an awning to a lahabad. Since that memorable gathering of Hindus, Moslems and debate fifty-five years ago, the mis- Christians. He spoke of the death sions in India have more and more of Christ on the Cross as the founded and defended their schools supreme unveiling of the love of and colleges on the grounds stated God. It seemed to me that as he by Principal Miller and illustrated spoke he himself was suffering in the college of which he was though imperfectly, yet suffering principal for many years. The old~ because of his fellowship with the time controversy on this subject sufferings of Christ. At the close, is now heard rarely in missionary when the meeting was thrown conferences in India. While most open, a Hindu Vakil of the High missionaries make it their aim Court arose and said that he had to win their students to an open been a student for years in a mis- confession of the Lord Jesus, yet sion college and had often heard such confessi()ns ar.e So very few of the death of Christ but, speak-

FIFTY YEARS OF MISSIONS IN INDIA

ing out of a heart deeply moved, is it because the leaders in the he said: "It has come to me now Church in India have failed to as a new message." And yet, after speak the very message which Dr. all these years, that old student, Stanley Jones spoke that night beloved by his missionary teachers, with such travail of soul. One of has not taken up the Cross and fol- them, Dr. Kali Charan Chatterji, lowed Christ. He is still honored has put on record that it was this and known only as a Hindu. He very message which broke down his stands for a great multitude of the pride of heart as a Kulin Brahmin educated classes in India who are and constrained him to glory only outside the Church of Christ. And in the name of Christ. why? Not because they have not There was no lack of love in the heard the message of Christ dying heart and life of the Apostle Paul on the Cross for our sins. That and the evangelists of the early l~rom an old copy of 'l'he }i'oreign .M Mtfirntwry THE CITY OF LAHORE. FIFTY YEARS AGO message has been spoken in mis- Church for the Jew and Greek, sion schools and colleges all over whether learned or lowly, and yet India for fifty years and many the apostles and evangelists of that more, spoken not only by teachers day had to face with sorrow the but by evangelists of the spirit of fact, as we have to face it today in India, that very very few of the John Forman and of his father, learned and leaders of the people are turning to the Cross of Christ founder of the first mission school as the one place of refuge for the and college in the Punjab, an un- sin-stricken and sorrow-stricken wearied bazaar preacher as well as heart. Mr. Gandhi says that he teacher; preached by saints and tUrns for consolation to the scholars, Indian and foreign, wit- "Bhagavad Gita." In an address nessing by word and life to the to the Calcutta Missionary Conmessage of the Cross, not only in ference in July 1925 he said: schools and colleges but in hospitals and asylums for the blind and lepers, as well as in times of "Not many of you, perhaps, know that famine, plague and pestilence. Nor my association with Christians–not Christians so-called, but real Christians

-dates from 1889, when as a lad I Hindu Attitude Toward Christ found myself in London, and that association has grown riper as years have The attitude of Hinduism fifty years ago was quite different from rolled on. In South Africa, where r that of Mr. Gandhi and of this learned Hindu. Then on the streets found myself in the midst of inhospitable of many cities in North India the surroundings, I was able to make hun- Christian preacher was opposed, dreds of Christian friends. I came in some times with violence, by pantouch with the late Mr. Spencer Walton, dits and people. That day has Director of South Africa General Mis- largely gone by. The pandits and sion, and later with the great divine, learned Hindus today are search- Rev. Andrew Murray, and several others ing their Vedas, Upanishads, and . . . In an answer to promises made to Bhagavad Gita to find in them the one of these Christian friends of mine, teachings of the gospels. They are ready to give Christ a place-a r thought it my duty to see one of the biggest of Indian Christians, as I was told he was-the late Kali Charan Banerjee. . . . His simplicity, his humility, his courage, his truthfulness, all these things I have all along admired. . . . Well, I am not going to engage you in giving a description of the little dis- cussion that we had between us. It was large place-among their many very good, very noble. I came away, not deities and incarnations, like Rama, sorry, not dejected, not disappointed, but Krishna and Buddha. Often, in the Chauk of Allahabad in 1871 and I,felt sad that even Mr. Banerjee could 1872, I saw great crowds of Hindus not convince me. This was my final de- and Moslems filled with anger as liberate striving to realize Christianity they heard the name of Christ put above every name. Their wrath so as it was presented to me. Today my threatened mob violence that the position is that, though I admire much magistrate passed an order, not forbidding bazaar preaching, but imnysCehlfriswtiaitnhityo,rtIhoadmoxunCabhlreisttioaniidteyn. tifyr fixing places wide apart where the must tell you in all humility, that Hindu- Hindu, Moslem and Christian ism, as I know it, entirely satisfies my preacher would be allowed to preach, each restricted to the place soul, fills my whole being, and I find a assigned to him. solace in the Bhagavad Gita and Upani- That day when it was necessary shads that I miss even in the Sermon on to have police protection for the the Mount. Not that I do not prize the Christian preacher has largely passed, and one reason is the ideal presented therein, not that some of changed attitude toward the Gospel the precious teachings in the Sermon on of the leaders of Hindu and Moslem thought. There is not now the the Mount have not left a deep impression upon me, but I must confess to you that when doubts haunt me, when disappointments stare me in the face, and when I see not one ray of light on the horizon, I turn to the Bhagavad aGnditar, and find a verse to comfort me; immediately begin to smile in the midst of overwhelming sorrow. My life has been full of external tragedies, and if they have not left any visible and indelible effect On me, lowe it to the teaching of the Bhagavad Gita."

What is to be said to this? The open, angry assault on the Gospel, answer was spoken by a young because it is thought to be full of convert from Hinduism who told deadly terror. Today the leaders me that a very learned Hindu had of Moslem and Hindu thought once asked him this question: claim that there is nothing new in "Why did you become a Christian? it; that its teachings are found in Could you not find in our religious the Vedas, Bhagavad Gita and the books all the teachings of the Koran. They do not now contend Gospels?" The young convert re- that Christ is unworthy of praise plied: "I may find in them some of but that Rama, Krishna and Bud- the teaching of the Gospel but I dha are equally worthy, or more cannot find Christ in these books." so.

FIFTY YEARS OF MISSIONS IN INDIA

During a Parliament of Re- But this is partly because he is ligions, held some years ago in the really ignorant of the teaching of Mayo Hall, Allahabad, one day a the Koran concerning Jesus-that large painting was placed on the He was born of the virgin Mary; platform, picturing the founders of the great religions-Buddha, Con- that He is called the sinless fucius, Krishna, Mohammed and prophet, the only one so called in Christ. The Hindu painter had put the Koran; that He is called the a halo over the head of Krishna. Spirit of God; the Word of God; That picture with Christ not filling the first place showed Krishna as that He ascended to heaven withthe one who had led captive the out dying and is coming again in great power and glory. This teach- ing of the Koran concerning,J.esus, THE SCIENCE BUILDING OF THE WOMAN'S COLLEGE, MADRAS. INDIA heart of the pandits and Hindu the Moslem in North India fifty leaders. It is Krishna who, in the years ago ignored or had forgotten. Bhagavad Gita from beginning to Learned Moslem converts (and end, is pictured as the supreme there were a goodly number in deity. This is the book to which those early days) men like Maulvi Mr. Gandhi flees for consolation. Imaduddin and Maulvi Safdar Ali, as well as missionaries, by voice The attitude of Indian Moslems and pen, have opened the eyes of to Christ has also largely changed the educated Moslems to the teachin these fifty years and more. Then ing of the Koran itself concerning the maulvi would spit on the Christ; and thus those days of ground when the deity of Christ angry controversy in North India was preached, and even now the are passing away. uneducated maulvi of the village mosque thus shows his abhorrence Many years ago the Arya Samaj of what he thinks to be blasphemy. then a small Hindu sect, issued a

tract [sa Pariksha (Jesus Ex- sect within the Hindu religion, and amined) putting on its cover a are still the most aggressive op- caricature of Christ on the Cross ponents of Christ and his Church and within the cover a worse in India, yet today they would caricature of His life. The mission- not reprint that tract, certainly aries and Christian community not with the approval of their were tempted to appeal to the educated leaders.

magistrate to suppress this de- Inlluence of Christian Literature famatory caricature, and went to Many Christian tracts and books have been published and sent out all over India by missionary and tract societies. In recent years there has been not a little criticism of some of these tracts and books, be- cause they have shown a lack of sympathy and appreciation of the Hindu incarnations and of the good things in the religious books of the Hindus. While some of the old controversial tracts have been revised by Dr. Yohan Masih, Moderator of the United Church of India (North), yet most of them are reprinted today, with a few changes, just as they came from the hands of their writers, fifty, sixty, and seventy years ago. One of them, the "Dharm Tula,"

written seventy years ago, is still sold by the thousands, and is called by Rai Bahadur N. K. Mukerjee, Secretary of the North India INDIAN GIRLS o~' THE UNITED PRESBY· Christian Tract and Book Society, TERIAN MISSION BOARDING SCHOOL one of the best sellers. This tract AT SIALKo'r , PANJAB , RETURN- of about forty pages has won more ING FROM PRAYER MEETING Mr. Knox, (afterwards Sir George Hindus to Christ than perhaps any Knox of the High Court) for ad- book or tract in the Hindu vice. He said: "Let them alone, a language. prosecution will only give a free advertisement to the tract." What There came a time in the preachhappened? The Mohammedans of ing of the Apostle Paul when he the city Chauk took the law into turned from the wise men of their own hands, perhaps lathis Greece, "wise after the flesh," to also, and drove from the bazaar the those who were "weak and dehawkers of this tract, saying that spised"; nor did he tUrn in vain the Hindus had defamed their sin- for those churches in Europe less prophet, Hazrat Isa. Al- founded by him were made up of though the Arya Samajists have "not many wise men after the flesh, now grown to be a large and strong not many mighty, not many noble." Fifty years ago and more the

FIFTY YEARS OF MISSIONS IN INDIA

churches in North India were Christians in 1881 was, 887,694; made up largely of a few converts and in 1921 was 3,580,019, of from the higher castes, and of whom 1,697,344 were males; and children of the orphanages of the 1,882,675 were females.

great famines. The places of wor- The government census table ship and the houses of the Chris- tells a sadder tale, if that were postians were largely in the mission sible, concerning the illiteracy of compounds. At the annual meet- Hindus and Moslems. The number ings of missionaries in those early of illiterate Hindus in 1881 was, days they gave thanks for the 158,841,634; and in 1921, 202,288,- baptism of a few Brahmins here 837; and the number of illiterate and there. There are fewer Mohammedans in 1881 was 46,- baptisms of. Brahmins today, cer- 889,098; and in 1921, 65,508,172.

tainly fewer in proportion to the The number of illiterate females in number of missionaries and evan- India in 1881 was 111,332,927; gelists than in those days. In these and in 1921, 150,807,889.

later years baptisms by the hun- At a conference in Lahore thirty dreds and thousands have been al- years ago a missionary was relucmost entirely from among "the tant to speak on the subject given weak an.d despised." Not one in a him-the message from statistics hundred of those baptized is able -saying that statistics did not apto read at the time of baptism and peal to him. That night he rememnot one in a hundred earns more bered how his Lord looked upon than ten dollars a month, most of the multitude "because the y them not even five. fainted and were scattered abroad, as sheep having no shepherd," and The government census of India, his heart was smitten, that facing 1921, reported there were 4,464,395 the tens of millions in India having Christians in India.

Roman Catholics, 1,733,487. no shepherd, he had not been Syrian Christians, 791,298. touched deeply enough to get a Anglicans, 387,180. message for the Christians and Baptists, 438,565. students gathering the next morn- Presbyterians, 243,535. ing in the hall of a Christian col- Congregationalists, 122,252. lege. That night he got a message Methodists, 199,037. for himself, and the next day for Quakers, 1,016. the Christian students of the col- Salvation Army, 88,668. lege. South India United Church, 65,457. Protestant denominations and "sects not returned," 153,644.

In 1871 there were 488 Protes- The people of India, Hindu and tant foreign missionaries in all Mohammedan, are more divided India, while in 1921 there were and distracted, more like sheep (according to the Missionary without a shepherd today than they Directory of 1926) 4,029 foreign were fifty years ago. The unity missionaries. Under the head of which has been sought in recent "Indigenous Christian Workers" years by non-cooperation with the the Missionary Directory of 1926 t h i n g s which are considered gives 13,543 men and 5,346 women foreign has thus far failed; the as engaged in work that is pastoral doors of service of Christ among and evangelistic. all classes, high and low, are still According to the government wide open. To the Church of Christ census the number of illiterate is committed the Word of God

which can bring healing to the passion to win this people for mind and a newness of heart. Dr. Christ. Oh that today here in India H. C. Velte, forty-five years a mis- we might enter upon a new age of sionary, spoke recently to the mem- preaching. Let me say to the bers of a large mission which has young men and to the young women wrought in India more than ninety who have recently come out: Of years, founding his message on the all the gifts you covet, the gift of words of Paul the aged to a young love only excepted, covet most the missionary-"Be urgent: in sea- gift of prophecy – "the gift of son and out of season." preaching"-the gift, is it not, of interpreting, applying and con- There must be urgency in our veying whether by voice or pen or preaching. We must learn to plead life, in communion with the Holy with men. Preaching the Gospel Spirit, to the hearts of our fellow must become a great passion; we men, whether in Asia, Europe or must agonize in prayer with God America, the Word of God which if souls are to be won. . . . . . . We liveth and abideth forever. must become possessed of a great A MODERN EQUIPMENT FOR MISSIONARY ITINERATION IN INDIA

A PARADE OF "HOLY;' FAKIRS AT THE HOLY HINDU

AT THE HOLIEST HINDU FESTIVAL BY REV, HOWARD E, ANDERSON, Saharanpur, India Mis8ionary 0/ the American PreRbytcria.n Ohurch C ROUCHED in the dust with a swarmed over the pontoon bridges sea of humanity behind, be- improvised for the occasion, they side and before us, we streamed up the hillside behind, watched the parade of holiest everywhere people, people, and fakirs on the holiest day of the more people. Good-natured, gentle Kumbh Mela, the "Festival of the folk, they were, jostling each other Pot of Nectar." * It was hot; the and tumbling over one another.

leather blinders bordering bur sun There were wrinkled, decrepit old glasses were moist and binding, women, alert lads from the schools, One three-hundredth of all the peo- stalwart farmers, curious devotees pIe of densely-populated India were with painted foreheads-a kaleido- gathered together on the banks of scopic cross-section of that most Mother Ganges, where she emerges intangible and inexplicable system from the Himalayas at Hardwar. of society, Hinduism.

They came to bathe in her sacred It is !laid that in the early days, waters, and multitudes did bathe the demons fell to quarrelling with at all times of day and night. They the gods for possession of the nec- surged along the shore, they tar of immortality. The struggle • Kumbh MeZa, Hardwar, Illdia, March 15 became so intense that, in order to ~~c!Pf,!ll;el;~2;;'ar,!"hIB $athllrlllg occurs only preserve the precious liquid, the 269

gods hid it for twelve days in four the crowds showered copper coins widely separated spots, three days upon their heads; but the fakirs at each place, Hardwar, Prayag, did not so much as look up. Aim- Ujjain and Nasak. Thus it comes lessly they filed past, hundreds and to pass that every twelve years the hundreds of them, but with no Kumbh Mela is held in each of light, no zeal, no interest; the per- these sacred spots. But in Hard- fect embodiment of the ideal of re- war today there is little or no nunciation. They were completely memory of the sacred vessel with unclothed.

its efficacious oil; all eyes are on Early that morning there had the waters of the blessed river, been a rush to be the first to enter which is believed to be equally the sacred pool, and thirty-six were efficacious and is more adored. crushed to death in the jam. The The parade seemed endless. The corpses were taken a little ways rays of the tropical sun directly down stream and cast into· the grew hotter and more oppressive. river, but the ceremonial bathing I tried to shift my cramped posi- continued unabated. These three tion, only to encounter an angry dozen fortunate ones had attained thrust from a stick, for I was ob- by an opportune accident the goal structing the vision of some one of every true Hindu's heart. They behind, and that some one was had died on the very banks of the fiercely intent upon seeing. At Ganges.

regular intervals one of the fakirs We mingled with the crowd would raise the familiar chant, freely, occasionally making way "Victory to Mother Ganges," and for an ambling elephant with its others would catch the strain and tinkling bells and brilliant trap- carry it on, until we could hear it pings, and less frequently for a echo and re-echo through the squawking motor, so strangely out crowd like ever-widening ripples of place in these surroundings.

upon the surface of the water. It Near the water's edge the streets was no battle cry like the call of narrowed into lanes, which curved the warrior-minded Sikhs of the between forbidding stone walls, Punjab, no ringing challenge such and then poured forth their flow as the publicly repeated creed of of human beings onto the broad the Moslems; rather it sounded steps leading to the river. Only forth the plaintiveness of endless those who had put the shoes from multitudes of people through end- off their feet could descend those less centuries of time, singing in steps.

spiritless, traditional tones, the How intent they were, this mul- praises of the river they revere. titude of the sick, blind, halt and We looked for hope in the faces withered – how oblivous to their of these mendicants, and saw only surroundings, how bent upon one dullness, and for life we found only thing! Eyes had they, but they languor. They had renounced all, saw not; ears had they, but they had given up land, home, family, heard not, for them but one thing even clothing, and wandered over mattered, and that one thing at the face of the earth with no pos- last lay before them.

session, no desire, no ambition. Our thoughts went back to the People honored them, but they pool outside the Sheep Gate at cared naught for this adoration: Jerusalem, when we saw the emac-

AT THE HOLIEST HINDU FESTIVAL

iated form of a hopeless cripple some one say to his companion, borne upon the shoulders of his "There goes a man with the book son. The crowd made way in about Jesus Christ." gentleness and understanding. The invalid's back was bent double, his And how they did like to argue! head hung limp in front; no one Not with the fierceness of the folknew how long a time he had been lower of the Prophet Mohammed, "in that case." Perhaps he had but rather with shy subtlety, as been often to these waters. one who would entangle you in your talk. Time and time again The crowd understood, but there some one would raise a question as was Another who mingles amongst we paused to show our wares- INlJlAN PILGRIMS WAITING FOR A SACRED DIP IN "MOTHER GANGES"

the maimed who frequent the Matthew in green, Mark in red, Bethesdas of this world. He under- Luke in blue, and John in golden. stands far better, and upon his lips The questions were always suave are the words of e n t rea t y : and polite, with their sting hidden "Wouldst thou be made whole?" beneath a soft surface. Usually a followed by the words of enabling, champion of our cause would re- "Arise and walk." Ears have they, tort from the other side of the but they hear not, or heeded not crowd for the sake of an enjoyable conflict of wits. Perhaps he was that Voice. acting entirely in pretence, or it We carried gospels in our knap- may be that he had a timid twi- light faith like Nicodemus. One sacks and sold hundreds. All never knew. Of one thing we seemed to know what they were could be sure, he had had some before we spoke. More than once as we passed along we overheard

chance contact with the Lord of soon there was a lively discussion Life, either in the school of his under way, giving us the opporchildhood when his parents saw tunity to withdraw quietly before that the best education was to be the police came to disperse the had in the Christian school, or he gathering because of its congesthad heard the Word in the open or ing effect upon traffic. How wise was that premier pioneer mission- A BOY AT THE FES'l'IVAL ary when he said: "Of these things put them in remembrance, chargin a wayside chapel, had read a ing them in the sight of the Lord, pamphlet picked up in passing, or that they strive not about words, a Scripture portion received from to no profit, to the subverting of a colporteur upon the railway plat- them that hear." When there is form. Somehow in India's color- real work to be done and time is ful mixture he had caught a con- precious, it is well to "shun protact that provided him with infor- fane babblings"and "foolish and mation for the noisy guns of street ignorant questionings." debate. Others would join in, and Occasionally they would not let us go. One such took my arm and led me off to a side street, keen of eye, quick and nervous of gesture. His head was closely shaven and he wore a distinct castemark on his brow. He could speculate by the hour on any question you chose. When I remonstrated that it was lunch time, he pressed me to eat with him. I knew he did not mean it; he would rather have cut off his right hand than eat with a Christian, but I humored him and consented to exchange a question with him. Just one. His was first, and to my delight it was the same as that question of old, "How can Christ, being the son of David, be also the Son of God?" My an- swer did not satisfy him, as I an- ticipated it would not. Then I pro- pounded my question for him: "How, sir, do you gain salvation from your sin?"

He smiled upon me benignly, and proceeded to analyze my ques- tion for the benefit of the standing audience. "You wish to know how does mankind gain salvation," he said.

"No, indeed," I replied. "How do you gain it?"

"Oh," he said, "you mean, how light. Rather do they experience does one get salvation." a certain exhilaration in publicity. It was merely that he had been uNot at all," I answered. "~ut nursed and reared in a philosophy how do you personally attain that of abstraction, and knew not the goal ?" meaning of the concrete, least of all of the personally concrete. I But it was hopeless. He would have heard a child of eight or nine not accept the individual implica- repeat platitudes about the proclivtion of my question. His mind ities of mankind in the abstract. dwelt entirely on generalities. He could not comprehend particular A HINDU FAKIR OBTAINING "MERIT" BY SWINGING HEAD DOWN OVER A FIRE instances, except perchance as hy- I left him still trying to define pothetical illustrations bearing on my question, but crestfallen bea prinCiple to be presented or de- cause, though hopelessly blunt, I fended. Last of all could he (or had somehow pricked his bubble of would he) grasp the question as argumentation. As I waved him being a simple inquiry into the a good-natured goodbye and started realm of his own experience that off, he was jangling with a byshould be answered by a testimony stander as to the existence of sin, of actuality. Nor was it because and if it is universal. The light of a reluctance to lay bare his was beginning to return to his inner life in the marketplace; men dazed countenance as he again of his social sphere know no such launched out upon the familiar sea thing as privacy, and feel no back- of theoretical speCUlation. My wardness about being in the lime- question had not been answered; 2

had not even been faced, but was young man standing behind him. abandoned as the foolishness of a It was his big brother about to give foreigner who could not under- the little fellow still another cue. stand the mysterious working of the Oriental mind. Here was a vivid example of the very thing Christ meant. "I came I paused at a brass shop to look to cast fire upon the earth." Withat some of the vessels used for in the breasts of these ardent carrying the precious Ganges youths, poring over the pages of water home, where it is sprinkled at weddings, funerals and other God's word in order to wrest thereauspicious occasions. A snappy- from some verse. of accusation, eyed boy of twelve approached me within their breasts the fire of restand asked me to open to John 10: lessness has been kindled, and it simply will not be quenched.

NEW HOLY MEN OF INDIA-THIRTY CHRISTIAN PREACHERS IN CONFERENCE 8 and read it out loud. The chal- Another man followed us for miles and every time we offered a lenge in his high-pitched voice was gospel to the people he pleaded with undisguised. "All that came be- them not to buy. He could not fore me are thieves and robbers." leave us alone. There is the poten- What did I think of such summary tiality of a Paul wrapt up in some treatment of many of India's great of these enflamed lads. Still a and good sages? Before I could third, a strapping, square-shoulcompose my smile and answer he dered fellow in scout uniform, was at me again with another ref- thundered at a villager who had erence, Luke 12: 49. "I came to taken a complete New Testament, cast fire upon the earth." Is that magnanimously reimbursed him the mission of a Prince of Peace? the cost of the book, and then car- ried it away in triumph. Christ I began to marvel at his famil- came to cast fire upon the earth iarity with the New Testament, and not to administer an opiate. when I overheard a whisper and caught sight of a nudge from a

A MISSIONARY'S MOTIVES

BY REV. R. A. HUME, D.D., Auburndale, Massachusetts For Fifty Years a Missionary of the Ame.rican Board i!l' India A CENTURY ago the American who do not know and so do not ex- Church knew only the dark- perience life with Christ. est side of the religions of If a river is broad without being non-Christian peoples. In a broth- deep, its flow has little driving erly spirit they rightly began to power. A river that is narrow but send them Christian missionaries. deep, has a driving power that is Today scholars, searching the non- great. Similarly men may be broad Christian sacred literature, writ- in their religious ideas and symten five thousand years ago, ex- pathy; yet such breadth usually hume from them a few fine supplies little intensity of convic- spiritual words about which not tion, little self-sacrifice and not one Hindu in a thousand knows much activity for the good of anything. .Those rare words are others. The main thing which quoted in the West as specimens of men need is power gladly to serve modern Hinduism, and some among other men.

the astonished and admiring West We read in the opening words of exclaim, "What wonderful spirit- the Epistle to the Hebrews (Mof- ual truths these Hindus possess!" fatt's edition), "Many were the The inference is drawn that the forms and the fashions in which commands of the Lord Jesus Christ God spoke of old to the fathers by are not applicable today and the the prophets, but in these days He missionary spirit is weakened. The has spoken to us by a Son." These assumption is that, not a mission- words plainly imply that while it ary spirit, but a broader estimate was God who gave the fathers their is to be desired today toward non- earlier limited religious teachings, Christian religions. those needed to be supplemented What are and what should be by His revelation in and through missionary motives for Christians His unique Son, the Lord Jesus.

today? One motive should be a Christ Himself thus described the sympathetic desire and readiness relation between earlier spiritual to share with all men the best that revelations and His own· revela- we ourselves have-not only our tions: "Think not that I came to material, educational and economic destroy the law or the prophets; I advantages, but also our spiritual came not to destroy, but to fulfil"

advantages. The Lord Jesus made (i. e., to fill fuller). In other sharing spiritual knowledge and words, God's revelations are pro- privileges His great aim and said gressive. Earlier teachings are that this should be a chief char- preparatory to the fuller teaching acteristic of His disciples. The of Jesus Himself. He taught that Christian's greatest spiritual pos- this progressive character of His session is personal fellowship with teaching would go on. For He said the Lord Jesus Himself. Mani- to His disciples, "I have yet many festly that is impossible for people things to say unto you, but ye can- 275

not bear them now. Howbeit when Knowledge we ask not, knowledge Thou the Spirit of Truth is come, he hast lent, shall guide you into all the truth. . . . He shall glorify me: for he But, Lord, the willr–there lies our shall take of mine and shall de- bitter need, Give us to build above the deep intent, The deed, the deed."

clare it unto you." Christ's chief service to men In these words Christ plainly im- everywhere is Ilis gift of spiritual plied that His influence would be- power. Men's sad and universal come more plain and more power- experience of spiritual weakness, ful. He did not teach that He inability to be and to do what could ever be equaled or eclipsed. theoretically they desire to be and On the contrary, His last command to do, is echoed by some of India's to His disciples was, "Go and make religious leaders. One earnest disciples of all nations, . . . teach- Hindu scholar, after his return ing them to observe all things from a tour in Britain and Amer- whatsoever I have commanded ica, wrote: "India is suffering not you: and 10 I am with you always from lack of light, but from lack even unto the end of the world." of power." Yet some who pride At another time He said: "Heaven themselves on their mental breadth and earth shall pass away but my imagine that because multitudes in word shall not pass away." India have a vague desire for spir- Yet the chief characteristic of itual life, they have all they need.

the Christian faith, is not merely In India, as in America, what all that the teachings of the Lord men need is an experience of the Jesus are supreme, but that His supreme blessing which Christ can personal power is supreme. The give. They need the consciousness sad thing about men is not that of being brought and kept by they do not know enough but that, Christ in loyal devotion to God, unaided by Christ, they have not the Father of all. Yet without the power to do what they know both intellectual and spiritual they ought to do. This is the uni- knowledge of Christ how can one versal experience of men, even of in India gain such a consciousness!

those who really desire to do right. It is the frank conviction of de- I cannot be good as I want to be. vout Hindus that Hinduism has "Who will rescue me from the body declined by four descents from its of this death?" said the Apostle pristine estate and is now in a Paul. . . . "I thank God through fourth and debased condition Jesus Christ our Lord." called the kaliyug. The most This expresses the experience of earnest among those Hindus, who multitudes of men. A modern poet know something of Christ, frankly puts the common experience thus: say that they believe that Jesus is "We know the path our feet should pass, the most advanced spiritual leader Across our hearts are written Thy of mankind, not only in His teach- decrees. ings, but in His spiritual power to strengthen men to be and to do Yet now, 0 Lord, be merciful to bless with more than these. Grant us the will to fashion as we feel; what they know to be desirable and right. Grant us the strength to labor as we know; This is true everywhere. There- fore as the motive for an earnest Grant us the purpose, ribbed and edge Christian man in America should with steel To strike the blow. be to devote himself to effort for Christian disciple to please his the spiritual development of his Lord is immensely strengthened native land through Christ, so we by the assurance that such effort is should try to help men in all lands what will most gratify our Lord. to enjoy the help of the supreme The Lord did not reprove repentreligious Leader of: mankind. ant Peter by the sea of Galilee, but only asked, "Peter, honestly, hon- Unless Hindus come to know the estly do you love me?" The dis- Lord Jesus Christ how can they re- ciple answered, "Lord, thou knowceive His help! They cannot come est all things, thou knowest that I to know Him without brotherly aid truly love thee." The Lord replied from those who know and follow in effect: "The proof will be not in your words, but in your life. If Him. you truly love me, feed my sheep In religion, as in every other and my lambs."

sphere, the proverb is true, "the Christ's sheep are all over the good is the enemy of the best." No world; some are in His acknowl- edged flock, but many are not. business man or teacher acts on About these other sheep Jesus still the principle that the old way is says: "Them also I must bring; good enough for him and for the and there shall be one flock and one world. The best, the very best, is shepherd." Let not those who take rightly deemed essential for every the Christian name and those who one. Every advertiser tries to profess to be loyal to Him, disallow make everyone believe that a His wish and say, "Non-Christians newer garment, some newer ar- really do not need Christ. Their ticle, some new arrangement is for own religions are good enough for his good. The imperfect, though them." once the only available good, is the enemy of the best. Beyond ques- The strongest missionary motion the Lord Jesus Christ is the tive is developed, not solely by very best spiritual helper of the obedience to His last command, but soul. Therefore you and I should by devotion to Christ's own mistry to help every one to know and sionary motives. In deep love there is necessarily a reciprocal acaccept Him as Teacher, Saviour tion between souls. But the deepand Lord. est reciprocal action is most felt by the one who has the highest nature. Aside from this unquestioned In the reciprocal relation of mothprinciple that good men should and er and child, which one gets the do desire and try to share all their greater satisfaction? Of course it privileges, we have Christ's plainly is the mother. She suffers for her expressed wish that those who child. The child suffers nothing know what His wishes are should for its mother. Day and night, place before those who do not know awake or asleep, fresh or tired, Him a sympthetic teaching of His meeting other duties or watching desire. her child, it is love for her off- spring that controls that mother's He said, "Other sheep I have thoughts, feelings and entire life. which are not of this fold, them It is not so much the child's love also I must bring, and they shall for its parent as the mother's love hear my voice, and there shall be one flock and one Shepherd." And again He said: "Go and make disciples of all nations."

The desire and purpose .of the

for her child which is the most hath most to give." The Cross is blessed feature of the relation. the peculiar, the unique chara.cier- istic of the Christian faith, that Yet when the child is so devel- which develops the matchless oped that its chief motive is the power of spiritual gratitude. The unselfish effort to do something for heroes of the non-Christian faiths, "dear mother," what language can like Gautama, Buddha and Con- fucius, taught some noble truths, express that mother's bliss! but they did not suffer death for Like that is the relation between their followers. So they develop and receive little or no power of our Father God and our Lord gratitude from their disciples. Jesus Christ and all His human Every other motive for the mischildren. "Can a woman forget sionary spirit and for missionary her sucking child ? Yea, these may effort is immensely strengthened forget, yet will I not forget thee," by the deep, deep dynamic of lov~ say our Father and our Lord. ing gratitude to the Lord Jesus for When Christ said, "He that hath what He suffered for us. seen me hath seen the Father," He expressed the unspeakably When I survey the wondrous cross blessed truth that our Father God On which the Prince of glory died, is like our Lord Jesus Christ. My richest gain I count but loss, Therefore, since our Father and And pour contempt on all my pride. our Saviollr love every human being with an infinite love, whenever Were the Whole realm of nature mine, anyone tries to carry out his Fa- That were an offering far too small, ther's and his Lord's wish by helping some one to appreciate and to Love so amazing so divine, reciprocate that Father's and that Demands my soul, my life, my all. Saviour's love, he thereby adds to the joy of his Lord. No higher OVER HERE-OVER THERE privilege can come to any Christian than to hear in his heart his We have sent some men and women Father saying: "In thee I am well Over there. pleased." No higher motive can come to any Christian than an in- Sent them with our prayers and tears, tense desire to make his Lord glad With the promise that the years and there is no higher privilege Would not find you in arrears, for a Christian than to prove love to that Lord by feeding the Lord's Over here. sheep and lambs. Christian brother and sister, let us add to the joy Now we have some men and women Over here, of our Lord. It was necessary for the Lord Who are languidly depending On the other fellow sending Jesus to endure the Cross and its What those folks should now be spending unutterable shame.· Yet it is that Cross which has immeasurably Over there. glorified Him. It is still Ii Cross which exalts and attracts men to Are you numbered with these slackers Christ, who is the power of God. Over here? It is a psychological principle that "love's strength standeth in love's Will you let it be your fault sacrifice, and he who suffers most That our splendid work should halt While your money lines a vault Over here?

Every missionary toiling Over there, Is a substitute for you- Don't withhold his honest due, Get a little broader view, Over here.

-Mrs. Clara Alden Pettengill.

UNCLAIMED FOR CHRIST*-II

BY ROBERT E. SPEER, D.D., New York City Moderator oJ the Presbyterian Church In the U. S. A.

The World's Unevangelized Desires But whatever one's judgment of T ET us remind ourselves, in the the answers of the non-Christian L fourth place, of those great religions may be, these answers are slowly dying out of the minds and longings and desires in the the hearts of men. It is best exheart of the world where Jesus pressed in a letter from Dean Wilmust be made known. In Frazer's liam Hung of the Yenching Uni- "The Golden Bough," there are versity in Northern China, where many indications of human longing he says: across the ages, so many of which have expressed themselves in forms "It seems to me that we have arrived similar to some that we hold most at the stage in the history of missions dear in our Christian faith. In when it is no longer worth while for all these expressions of longing missionary leaders to study the Chrisand desire in human hearts, we tian approaches to Buddhism, Confuciansee the groping after that which ism, etc. The scientific study of these only Christ can bring, the hunger non-Christian religions will have hisfor the Bread that came down out torical and academic interest but it has of heaven from God. As Trench ceased to have the same practical imwould have said, these are out- portance in missionary work it used to reachings toward "the Desire of have up to twenty or even ten years ago. all Nations," their unconscious desire. What are the non-Christian "We must realize that the frontier of religions but the attempt to put our missionary enterprise has changed into language these great longings and with it we must also change the old of the hearts of men? They are tactics. Too much praise cannot be questionings. The answers that given to the growth and study of comthe non-Christian religions have parative religions in the missionary given have turned those longings training centers of the West. Thus preback upon themselves or have pared, the missionary movement has trampled upon them or deadened been enabled to deal with the non-Christhe spiritual natures of the men of tian more effectively. Asia. As Dr. William Newton Clarke said, they have been an in- "It is partly due to the educational cumbrance on the highest nature activities of the Christian movement of man, so that thousands of men that the other religions are losing the in Asia today are better than their grip they had in non-Christian lands. religion. On the other hand where While Christianity is making inroads Christianity has gone men are in- into these religions from one side, these evitably inferior to their faith. religions are suffering a great deal more Mr. Gandhi is morally superior to in the rear, from a group of new ene- Krishna. But what man is su- mies who have advanced so far into their perior to Christ? territory, that for all practical purposes Christianity must ignore the incapaci- St~d~~~CI{J~~~~t~!r a2o~~~~ifgn.d~t;;;~~1~. at the tated older religions and think of its frontier work in forms of what it will have to do with these same new forces, scientific agnosticism, material deter- mination, political fascism, and moral iconoclasm."

Mr. Hung refers to the edu- cated group. The great mass is less affected, but even in the mass a change is coming, and perhaps too fast. Weare facing a world where our modern secularistic in- terpretation of nature is standing 279

over against the hungry heart of mission field. Whoever has spoken the whole non-Christian world, and in this way had no commission is saying to it, "I came not to fulfil, but to destroy." Our call is from any of these churches. We from One who is standing before know the hearts of these fellow that same hungry heart, and say- Christians, and they know our ing, "I am come that ye may have hearts, and they know as well as Life, Bread of Life, Water of Life. I am come not to destroy but to we that the task is too great both fulfil." for them and for us combined. So Churches in Non-Christian Lands far from feeling adequate to carry Again think of those great areas out that task themselves, never of need which call to us out of the was there a day when more auheart of our sister Christian churches in the non-Christian thentic and appealing calls were world on whom the burden of the coming to Christians of the West unreached world primarily rests. God has many agencies through to pass across the seas to the help which He works. He uses many of our fellow Christians and our movements and organizations of men and nations and all the forces fellowmen around the world. What of life. The State is one of His St. Paul saw at night, in his vision instruments as truly as the Church. Much of the work of building a of the man of Macedonia asking righteous and happy world is to be done by Christians in other ac- his aid, is nothing to what you and tivities than those of the Church. I can hear by d3¥light from every While the Church must inspire, it land today. is not meant to constitute the economic or political body of or- I have here, for example, an exganic action. But we must recog- pression of what the Congreganize that the fundamental task, which is moral and spiritual, the tional churches in Japan said to task of destroying moral and spiritual evil, of grappling with sin, is the American Board when several the task of the Church. The years ago it was proposed that the churches abroad covet and claim our larger and not our lesser help. American Board should reduce its Many times these last few years number of foreign missionaries in we have been told that we are not wanted any more in the mission- Japan. This was the authoritative ary enterprise in the non-Chris- reply of those churches themselves, tian lands, and that the Christian churches themselves desire no asking that foreign missionaries more cooperation from us. I venture to say, deliberately, that you stay: cannot cite one responsible or authoritative utterance of that kind "(a) Because of the great task ahead from. any of the Churches in the of us. The task of the evangelization of Japan is one far beyond our power of accomplishment at present, in view of the shortage of our forces. This shortage is emphasj,zed by the duty that devolves upon us of taking the Gospel to great numbers of Koreans, Formosans and Manchurians, who are without our borders.

"(b) For the sake of world progress that will come through the opening of the civilization of the Orient. The im- portance of this may not be disregarded in considering the establishment of the Kingdom of God in the world. There- fore, the urgent duty of the present lies in the direction of a thorough-going Christianization of Japanese culture, which is central to the culture of the Orient.

" (c) Because of the need of a medium for continuing friendly relations be- tween Japan and America. We believe

AREAS UNCLAIMED FOR CHRIST

that the work of bringing about peace British Empire with regard to the on earth, no less than that of saving continued need and desire of the individuals, is one of the great tasks Indian Church for all the help and imposed upon Christianity, and that the cooperation they can give: missionary's opportunity in this direction at the present time is especially "Let there be no illusion. India is not great." crying out for baptism, but what has happened is a frank, manly recognition, A little over a year ago, at a by India, of Christ and willingness to know more about Him. It is the psyconference with the Church of chological condition for which many Christ in Japan, the largest Chris- heroic missionaries and Indian Chris- tians prayed and have laid down their tian body in Japan, this was the lives, in the daily humdrum of unnolast of the resolutions put in our ticed service. It is a clarion call to the flower of the British churches to come hands to bring back to the Church forth and to serve as He served. and the students of America: "The mass movements," he goes on, "In view of the great unoccupied areas which the Churches of the West estabin both city and country, especially the lished demand still in their care "the absolutely unevangelized condition of lives of some of the best young men and many millions in the smaller towns and women in the British colleges. It is a the teaming countryside in every part of nation-building task, needing not only Japan, we state our fervent desire for infinite grace and patience but also high the fullest reinforcements of the right and liberal wisdom such as will tax the spirit and qualifications for direct evan- best intellectual disciplirl"e of the British gelism that the American Church can universities." contribute. He proceeds to call for Western "And there is need, as well, for ex- educators and says that because tensive strengthening of our school staffs missionaries are devolving on the by the addition of trained, qualified Indian Church their responsibiliteachers. The foreign mission era in ties it does not follow that there- Japan is not yet drawing to a close and fore the missionaries will no longer any misconceptions in that regard should be needed. He says: be dissipated and the sympathy and the prayers and the active participation of American Christians encouraged to the fullest extent possible."

For South America there is no "Their life and their service are still more representative Christian man needed. Missionary responsibility can on the continent than Erasmo be discharged only through the human Braga of Brazil. Last January he personalities sent out to the field. I do said to the Foreign Missions Con- not know of any church in India which ference of North America: "We can entirely dispense with such a witare asking the foreign missionary ness . . . We need you. We are not societies to increase the number of ashamed to own that we need you. Permissionaries in Latin America, not haps before the day is done you will see for help for our churches only, but that you needed us too. for the religious needs of the whole Spanish and Portuguese world." "While we need you, we are not idle. We are thinking and working, too. We One other word, one of the most have nothing to offer but gratitude and persuasive, comes from our friend friendship, still, come .with your best Dr. K. T. Paul, a brave and inde- and your choicest. We have gigantic pendent spirit in India. There is tasks and desperately perplexing prob- lems in our great and hoary land. Come and help us with your lives. Come for the love of Jesus Christ."

Unoccupied Areas in Christ no man more possessed with a right Last of all, let us remind our- and true national spirit for his selves of great areas that are wait- people, nor any man more compe- ing for you and for me today in tent to go his own way in represent- Jesus Christ our Lord. The unoc- ing Christ in India. Here is his cupied fields are not all in Asia statement to the students of the and Africa and Latin America:

there are great unoccupied fields the thought of God and of the mind in Jesus Christ. A friend has of Christ.

said, in a penetrating analysis of There is need for a deeper and a the religious problem that we are richer experience of what Chris- facing in our colleges and univer- tianity is. It has become too per- sities today, that there are two en- functory and conventional with us, tirely different religions offering too respectable, with too many themselves to us under the name compromises in contacts with a of Christianity. .The one is the re- world forever alien and hostile to ligion of a good, dead man, and the Christ. Mr. Kagawa said in Japan other is the religion of a good, liv- a year ago: ing God. As for himself, he said "What we need is a Christianity he had lived and he intended to die which will go to the poor and touch the in what the first religion regarded leper. At present immorality is gaining as the superstition of the Deity of in Japan faster than Christianity is gaining. The Christian Church both in Christ. If our Christianity is Japan and America is spoiled by wealth simply the religion of a good, dead and comfort and lacks courage and sacri- fice. And you must lead. Japanese reman, we have all there is of it now ligion and morals and social and political and as the years go on it will prob- ideals are all dominated by America. ably shrivel 'and contract. It will We need a great wave of international love and good will and religion as at the become less and less of worth to us. outset of Christianity. But where are There are no new areas still await- the leaders? Many who ought to be the ing exploration and experience. leaders are renegades. See the multi- But, if our religion, our Chris- tude of them in both lands, men who tianity, is a faith in a living, Di- were in the Church and are now out of vine Saviour then by the very na- it or, if still in it, are afraid of reform ture of it there is room after room, and change, of warfare against drink range after range of knowledge and prostitution and all evil, of the struggle for righteousness and justice. The religious and moral forces are too respectable and tame, the Christian Church among them, and it ought to and experience opening out before take up its cross and follow Christ. us today and forever. For something must happen. The vice of prostitution will kill us. Economic There is need of richer and burdens are growing too heavy to be deeper and ampler conviction. borne. The farmer problem is greater than labor. They are one-half of the Some say that all that is necessary population and 60% of them are on the is "the spirit of Jesus" or "His way edge, with the cost of living exceeding of life." Those are mere verbal all that they can earn. Christianity phrases; they do not mean any- could save us if only Christianity could thing, unless there is a content to be saved."

them. What is that content and The Christianity of the New how great is it? Who is this Jesus Testament needs to be brought of whose Spirit we are speaking? back today into our lives, with the What is the content and what are old elemental simplicity of Him the sanctions of this Way of Life? who actually touched lepers with What is the power by which it can His hand and who lived with the be anything else than a dead meta- poor and told His disciples that phor and a hopeless mockery? The they must take up their cross and moment we ask ourselves the in- come after Him.

evitable questions we are driven There is a call to a new and a back on a great summons of belief, richer adventure in consecration.

of rational and reasoned belief, on Last week a tablet was unveiled in an endless quest into the riches of New York to the memory of Dr.

John Williams, who was killed in of a new world is not far away. Nanking last March by the lawless It is not the frontier of a new year elements in the Southern army. He died without arms or defense, of time alone, but the frontier of a with a smile on his face and the new life of love and fidelity and same love in his heart that had made him one of the dearest of all sacrifice, a life that shall set forth, of China's friends. On the tablet from this day, to fill up the sufferthere is his name and the date of his martyr's death, and beneath ings of Christ, that in the days of are the words: this new world of opportunity and "Servant of Christ and of China. It is need shall give itself, all there is of enough for the disciple that he be as his itself, all that Christ can put into Master." it, to the attempt now to complete Is that enough for us today? what Jesus Christ by His life and How unlike our Master we are, how unlike Him in His beauty and His death and His resurrection His tenderness, His purity and His obedience; how unlike Him in that began. great love that led Him to lay down His life on the cross for the world. Speak, Lord, for Thy servants are listening. Here in the hush and the The days of the possibility of quiet of this moment we wait for Thee. adventurous exploration in far Make us aware how near Thou art to us. regions are not gone. The frontier Help us to hear Thy voice speaking to us. Help us now. Give us grace and strength to take these lives of ours and lay them in Thy hands that Thou mayest make them pure, that Thou mayest make them strong, that Thou mayest use them to finish the work which Thou didst begin and to bring in at last the new heaven and the new earth wherein dwelleth righteousness.

THE OHURCH IN THE WORLD By BISHOP WILLIAM F. McDOWELL, of the Methodist Episcopal Church I SUPPOSE we always need to make special effort to keep our best pur- poses to the front and our noblest spirit in control. The Church of Jesus Christ constantly tends to enlarge the number of its interests and activities; to add new rooms to the house in which it lives. It constantly tends to iilcrease the number of altogether useful things to which it is devoted. All the more reason why it should give special care to the preservation of its supreme purpose and to make sure that it never allows its dominant note to become secondary or feeble. The Church of Jesus Christ is the primary organization for carrying forward in the world the saving purpose and passion of Jesus Christ for the world, and its largest duty is constantly to give Him a saved and saving Church. We may do a thousand useful things, but unless we are doing that, we are not at the true center of our lives. It is doubtful whether just now Jesus Christ has a saving Church in any full, large measure anywhere.

Moreover, the Church of Christ needs to be constantly making the modern world spiritual and moral. Mr. Gladstone was probably right in his apprehension that the seen world is gaining upon the unseen. We are in real danger of being overcome by the perfection and extent of our material development. The spiritualizing and moralizing of the modern world is our plain task. For the achievement of this we must "light fires in cold and unlit places" where men and women dwell. We are not set to save old phrases or new, old forms or new, but in a real, modern, large and living way to save a living world for the EternaJ Christ and His purpose. What we are doing is not good enough for Him. Our fathers did not do it well enough before us, and we are not doing it well enough now. We must come anew into creative fellowship with the living Christ that we may render to Him a kind of service that He deserves in this day of grace.

'.

CROSSROADS CHURCH AT

CROSSROADS BY REV. JAY S. STOWELL, Philadelphia, Pa.

Director oj Publicity, Board of Hom. MiB.ion. and Church E",tension, Methodl.t Episcopal Church I NA sense probably never be- tunately, in seeking a solution, we fore true, the 100,000 Prot- have, as a result of surveys begun estant rural churches of Amer- by the Interchurch World Move- ica are at the turning of the ways. ment, and later carried on by the They are being tested as never be- Institute of Religious and Social fore by rural conditions unique in Research, and of many other inde- our history. All of the difficulties pendent studies made in recent which affect rural life in general years, more comprehensive data are theirs, and they have a few upon the status of the rural church peculiar problems of their own than have before been available.

thrown in for good measure. Upon some matters we are no The American rural church is a longer obliged to guess, but even unique institution. It is a product this mass of data must be used of the frontier, and as such it has with caution, as most of it has played a most important part in been assembled under categories our national history_ If it is to handed down from the past, and continue to do so it must adapt it- one thing is becoming increasingly self to radically new conditions. clear, namely, that the old cate- For the first time in our national gories are inadequate. Unless we life we face frankly the question as can interpret the present situation to whether the open country in new terms made necessary by church is to continue to exist at all, new conditions in rural life, we'

and if so, under what conditions. shall still be baffled, regardless of The question at issue is not the amount of data we assemble.

whether religion will remain in or The open country church of the disappear from our rural areas. past was at times a rather crude Rural dwellers are still going to affair. Its buildings were often believe in some kind of a God, and cheap and unsightly, its equipment they are going to adopt some sort meager, and its leadership poorly of a religious interpretation of life. trained, but with all its limitations Rural people everywhere and in all it dominated the religious, social, ages have done that. The question and, to a large extent, the intellec- relates rather to the future of or- tual life of its time. Its theology ganized religion in rural America. and its interpretation of life were Is the church at the crossroads accepted even by the sinners of the doomed, like the little red school- community who transgressed its house, and, if so, have we anything moral precepts.

to put in its place to do, in terms The actual influence of the rural adequate to the needs of the pres- church today is an unknown quan- ent generation, the thing which it tity. We still lack sufficient facts did in the past? for measuring it. There are in- The answer to this riddle has dications, however, that it is wan- not yet been. lJl~dEl _clear.. FOt"- ing. We have sometimes talked.

284 about our godless cities, but all our rural church. Including in rural studies indicate that interest in the America all communities of less church as revealed by church sta- than 5,000 population, which is the tistics is declining faster in rural custom in dealing with rural areas than in cities. The actual church matters, there are 73,230 percentage of church members to town and country communities in population is considerably larger the United States with a total popin our cities than in rural regions, ulation of 55,999,970. Of this numand the more distinctly rural the ber 35,793,333 persons are listed church is the smaller is the pro- as living in the open country outportion of church membership to side of towns and villages. popUlation. This town and country area is Even this, however, is not an in- served by more than 100,000 Protfallible test of the influence of the estant churches, of which 65,000 A RURAL PASTOR WOR K IN G ~ro MAKE GOOD ROADS-AN E SSENTIAL IN RUHAL DISTRICTS church. An intensive study of one are located in hamlets or in the rural New England county showed open country, and the balance in that, while the ratio of church towns or villages. These 100,000 membership to population had re- churches have a total membership mained constant for about thirty- of about 9,000,000. In other words, five years, actual church attendance while there are 27,000 more town had fallen off fifty per cent in that and country churches than there time. In general, attendance is a are town and country communities, better gauge of genuine interest there are six persons in our rural in the church than is church mem- areas outside of the membership bership, but no adequate figures of Protestant churches for every are available in the matter of member. To complete the picture, church attendance as it relates to a still further deduction should be our rural populations. made, for of the 9,000,000 mem- bers, more than 2,300,000 are We do have some rather in- classed as nonresident or inactive. teresting general facts about the

RECREATION SUPERVISED BY A CHURCH IN A RURAL COMMUNITY A further analysis shows that able, for the study reveals that the ratio of membership to popu- there are more than 20,000 rural lation does not remain uniform churches which have no Sunday throughout the town and country school, and 10,000 town and coun- area. In towns (from 2,500 to 5,000 try communities in the United population) 24.3 per cent of the States entirely without Protestant population is included in church churches of any sort. There are membership. In villages (from 33,000 other communities that have 250 to 2,500 population) the ratio churches, but no resident pastors, is 22.8; but in hamlets and open and 16,000 more that h a v e country places (representing one churches and pastors, but no pas- third of our total national popula- tor giving full time to a church.

tion) the percentage of church In terms of people, we have more membership to population, (in than 39,000,000 persons living in spite of 65,000 open country town and country communities in churches), is but 13.1 per cent. no one of which is there a resident To put it the other way around, 87 pastor giving full time to a par- per cent of our population in the ticular church.

open country, or in small hamlets, The matter of fractional pas- or a total of 31,000,000 persons, is tors is one of the most difficult not connected by membership with problems with which the church any Protestant church, although a must deal. Taking the complete very large percentage of that total totals there are 60,000 rural pas- represents a normally Protestant tors to minister to 100,000 rural constituency. churches, and to 10,000 other com- We hardly need further proof munities in which there are no that the churches of the open coun- churches at all. Less than 40,000 try and rural hamlets are failing of these preachers, however, give to minister effectively to our rural their full time to the work of the dwellers; yet other proof is avail- church. The other 20,000 are

THE CROSSROADS CHURCH AT THE CROSSROADS

farmers, laborers, or teachers, or matter of fact, conditions are not are engaged in some other occupa- uniform in different sections of the tion which takes most of their time country. In the South, for exam- and energy. ple, nearly three quarters of all Of the 60,000 rural pastors 15,- the people living in town and coun- 000 serve two churches each; 9,000 try areas are to be found in open have three churches each; and 9,- country communities. In fact, 70 000 more serve four or more per cent of all the open country churches. The pastor's time is communities of the United States thus divided, first by other occu- are in the South. The type of agri- pations, and second among several culture predominant there seems churches. Seven out of every ten to favor the development of that town and country churches share sort of rural life. Naturally, as their pastors with other churches, a result, the South is the home of and half of the remaining number the open country church, and also share them with other occupations. of what is commonly known as the Were we to press the matter fur- "circuit system."

ther we would discover that many That system makes it possible of these already much-divided pas- for a man to care for four or five, tors are further limited by the fact or even a larger number of that they have had little or no for- churches, visit~ng them once or mal training for their work. twice each month. Preaching is We have been speaking of na- thus emphasized, and the social tional totals and averages. As a and educational ministry of the THE "MANSE" OF THE PASTOR OF A RURAL NEGRO CHURCH

church is often neglected. As a less effectively than any other large matter of fact, only four churches group in our population. Some in a thousand in the rural South reasons for this deplorable fact have a full-time resident pastor. are more or less obvious. Curiously enough, also, the men who have other work besides the Of great importance is the fact ministry serve just as many that in the regrouping of rural churches as those who give their populations the church has been full time to the ministry. less systematic and less effective In the Middle West, as con- in adjusting itself to changed contrasted with the South, open coun- ditions than have some other rural try communities are reduced to a institutions. When the public mlmmum. This section is domi- school at the crossroads was disnated by village and town life, less continued a bus picked up the chilthan two per cent of the people dren and carried them to the residing in open country commu- consolidated school somewhat furnities. The village church is dom- ther away. When the open country inant in this section, which is also store died a natural death the best suppli~d with churches, only farmer got into his flivver and six per cent of its rural communities being without churches. drove to town for his groceries without complaint. But, when the In New England three fourths farmer's church went out of busiof the total population live in cities, ness, no welcoming hand of inviand one half of the remainder lives tation was extended from the town in towns of from 2,500 to 5,000 or village church, no provision was people. made to carry the farmer's children to the town Sunday-school, and no Judged by communities, the substitute was provided close at range states of the West are the hand. In a day when good roads most inadequately churched sec- and six-cylinder autos have entions of the country. In this group larged the possible reach of all our of states extending from Montana institutions the town and village to Arizona one half of all the com- churches have, except in isolated munities involved are entirely cases, failed to measure up to their without Protestant churches. A op{lortunities or to accept the chalrather large Roman Catholic and lenge of this new situation. Some Mormon population is one factor of the more prosperous farmers in this situation. The Pacific and Northwest regions are also poorly have found their way to the town churched. However, they have a and village churches, but in genlarger proportion of churches with eral the town church has not full-time pastors than other sec- reached out to serve the farming tions. populations effectively.

The Churoh and the Farmer Here we must pause to empha- size this new factor of distance an- While conditions thus vary from nihilation, since to disregard it section to section, and even from would be fatal. The country church community to community, yet, tak- came into existence at a time when ing the country as a whole, the the radius of a rural community church is reaching the farmers was measured by the length and strength of a man's legs. Later that radius was extended to fit the

THE CROSSROADS CHURCH AT THE CROSSROADS

stride of a horse, which in turn grievously from an over-exagwas limited by the depth of sand gerated preacher hypnosis. It afor the roughness of the road-bed. fects all our thinking, and we tend Today two new factors must be to study our problem and seek a reckoned with, namely good roads' solution for it on the tacit assump- tion that it is really a job of seand the automobile. curing and adequately distributing Over extended rural areas the a preaching ministry. That, like other half truths, is a most dangeroutstanding problem of religious ous error. Possibly some lessons organization so far as it affects learned from our experience with the farmer is one of extending par- city churches should be considered ish borders and regrouping popu- here. lation units. This involves two important elements, the breaking The Country Church Program down of psychological barriers, so that the farmer will feel as free Several years ago we waked to the fact that on a program of to go to the town church as he preaching twice each Sunday and now feels free to attend the town a mid-week grayer meeting our motion picture theater, and the re- downtown city churches were dythinking and re-arrangement of lo- ing in many communities where cal church programs. The "larger the populations were steadily inparish" idea, already an accom- creasing. The situation was so plished fact in many individual desperate that we studied it with communities, must be more widely care, and arrived at several condisseminated and put into practi- clusions. Among others we decided cal operation. that the running of a city church was a task too large for anyone Once more, however, we must man, no matter how competent he might be, and that few men were move with caution, lest we be mis- trained to direct effectively thedifunderstood. The "larger parish" ferent aspects of a well-rounded church program. Having once esplan, with a town or village church tablished this idea we began to hire as the center of operation, is not church secretaries, parish visitors, a return to a sort of glorified cir- directors of religious education, cuit system. It does involve a push- boys' club workers, girls' club ing out of parish borders to include workers, social case workers, and often as many as four or five, or the like. As a result the retreat even six or seven rural communi- of our churches from down-town ties, but, to be effective, it must city areas was checked, and the also provide for a diversified staff effectiveness of their ministry to do the work, so that all the com- greatly enhanced. munities involved shall have per- Some such idea must be carried sonal contact with the different over into our religious program specialists on the staff. for rural fields, namely, the im- portance of a diversified ministry. This point of the necessity of a In the past we have often felt that diversified staff for rural work is the rural church was too poor to so important that to overlook it is to overlook the very key to the solution of our problem. Here we come amazingly close to the heart of the rural church matter, or the rock upon which it may founder. The rural church today is suffering 3

afford the diversified program and boys and girls into daily vacation leadership which the needs of the church schools each morning, and situation demanded, but the larger return with them at the close of parish plan increases the support- the session. ing clientele of the parish at the same time that it extends its re- The bus, however, is not the comsponsibility. It insures a united plete answer to the situation, even program for a larger area; it di- in those places where it can and verts some of the money now used should be used, for the extending to provide several preachers to- of the limits of the parish. There ward the support of religious edu- must be other contacts than those cation workers and other workers which can be made by a bus driver, with young people; and, not least and the pastor alone is rarely adein the scale of benefits, it brings quate to the task, although under the larger resources of the town the inspiration of a great new idea and village to the help of the re- many pastors have discovered that ligious program for the more they could crowd more work into sparsely settled farming areas what they already had considered roundabout. In general, the future a full schedule. The very enlargeof rural America, so far as organ- ment of the parish brings to the ized religious expression is con- fore the necessity of a more carecerned, would seem to be rather fully worked out program. Thus largely in the hands of the town the East Bridgewater church found and village churches. If they fail that it was necessary to enlarge its the farmer now the failure will be corps of religious education work- ers and expand its program in ora serious one. der to care for the people whom There are two main ways by the bus brought. There was no point in providing a bus unless which the town and village there was something worth while churches can measure up to their at the church when the boys and new responsibility. One is to bring girls arrived. the people into the centers, or to induce them to come, and the other The Need for Trained Workers is to carry a religious ministry into the countryside. Both of these The conviction is growing upon methods will have to be followed, religious workers everywhere that one of the chief tasks of the church for different situations demand dif- is to provide religioUS nurture for ferent treatment. Fortunately, the youth of the community. Likemany experiments are now being wise it is increasingly clear that made. this work must be directed by trained workers. In the past rural At East Bridgewater, Massachu- fields have been largely deprived setts, a church bus makes regular of such trained leadership because trips, bringing both children and of the expense involved. Under the new plan of grouping several adults into the church and Sunday communities and treating them as school. Many other church buses a unit in matters of program it are now in operation in the East, becomes feasible to provide trained and on westward to California. workers who can at least assist Not only are buses provided on communities in organizing their 10- Sunday, but also on special occasions, and, during the summer, these buses bring thousands of

THE CROSSROADS CHURCH AT THE CROSSROADS

cal work for children and young of their time without salary, often people, and in training and giving at considerable personal inconvenicontinuous advice and help to the ence to themselves, to this work. local leaders who carry it on. Not These individuals were not picked only is this plan feasible, but it is up at random. Instead they were already being carried out in many carefully selected persons chosen communities in widely separated because of their fitness for the states where trained workers are task. In addition they were given giving continuous supervision to the benefit of extended special the religious education program in coaching for the work, and the profrom five or six up to fifteen or gram of the twelve schools was twenty different communities. carried out under the personal sup- IH<lNGLNG THE COMMUNITY INTO CON'rAC'l' WITH 'l'HE CHURCII-A SUNDAY SCHOOL AUTO-BUS In one small section of rural Il- ervision of the one who had origi- linois during a recent summer, as nally planned them.

a result of the efforts of one such Seventeen of these volunteer paid worker, twelve daily vacation workers were public school teach- church schools were conducted with ers with normal school training, a total enrollment of 574 pupils. and .seventeen others had college These schools were all carefully training, nine being high school planned in advance, and that they teachers with college degrees.

were helpful and popular with Four high school graduates were those who attended was demon- used, and fifteen pupils from junior strated not only by the personal and senior high school classes were testimony of students and parents, used as assistants.

but by an amazingly high percent- This program is accomplishing age of attendance as compared more than the brief recital just with enrollment. given might suggest. This work In these schools fifty-two volun- is not only bringing nearly 600 teer teachers and assistants gave rural boys and girls under expert

religious training and teaching for works in terms of preaching will a few weeks each summer, but it ever be able to do the sort of thing is by that very process setting a for rural boys and girls that a new standard for the religious trained worker in the field of re- training of youth which lifts the ligious nurture can do. Such a Sunday-school work and the week- worker m u s t be thoroughly day religious training work of the grounded in educational methods, entire year to a new level. Workers and be familiar with educational are trained as the work progresses, materials and skilled in curriculum and there is left behind a growing building, and in handling actual army of young men and women work with boys and girls.

who have caught a new vision of The Church and the Youth the meaning of the church in a rural community, and who have Because human nature is what some pretty clear idea of how to it is, the greatest opportunity of go about the task involved. In the Christian Church is with youth, other near-by communities vacation and there is the outstanding rural schools and other advance move- challenge of today. This amazing ments looking toward better re- need will never be satisfied by mul- ligious nurture for youth spring tiplying churches, nor by hiring up through the contagion which more preachers. It can only be the work generates. This area is met by extending the parish bound- located close to the University of aries of churches already in ex- Illinois, and throughout the year istence, by organizing the work in students are brought singly and in larger units, and by employing groups out into the rural commu- teachers of religion who will think nities to help with the religious of their task in terms of religious and social programs. nurture rather than of preaching.

One might cite this achievement These workers must be trained, as an illustration of what volunteer and they must be paid. Many of labor can accomplish, but that them will be women.

would be but half of the story, for One of the most hopeful experi- it is volunteer labor, plus a trained ments along this line is in Tomp- and capable leader who has a plan, kins County, New York, where the knows how it should be worked, churches of Ithaca, the county seat, and is capable of inspiring others have become interested in the rural with something of her own vision. areas of the county, and are sup- Could we multiply such programs plying five or six full-time workers of work over the country we would for the extension of the church's be able to secure the cooperation influence in rural areas. These of many who are waiting only for workers visit in the homes, organ- someone who will show them a ize and conduct Sunday-schools, di- worth-while task, and then make rect daily vacation church schools, them really see and believe in its and do club work with boys and girls. importance.

Preachers must have a large and The development of this plan is permanent place in any program unique. It was due largely to the of rural religion, but no one who initiative of Professor Ralph Fel- has been trained primarily as a ton of Cornell University. The preacher and who thinks and work was preceded by a survey of

THE CROSSROADS CHURCH AT THE CROSSROADS

Tompkins County. That survey nent religious ministry for rural revealed the surprising fact that America?

seventy-seven per cent of the chil- Some Conclusions dren in the rural communities studied were not attending any Several things, then, seem to church or Sunday-school. In one stand out rather clearly.

entire school district but one child First, rural America as a whole was connected with any Sunday- is so badly served religiously as school. to cause us serious national con- The significance of this work in cern. Ithaca lies largely in the fact that it is a clear-cut case of the recogni- Second, the church at the crosstion on the part of town churches roads, except under unusual conof their responsibility for extend- ditions, cannot maintain itself as ing the ministry of the church to an effective, independent commuthe outlying rural areas which have nity agent, but must either cease so frequently been overlooked by to exist or be maintained as a part of a larger parish unit. the churches at the center. The experience at Ithaca has Third, the solution of the prob- lem will never be found by multialso taught anew lesson about in- plying the church buildings or terdenominational cooperation. All preachers, but in supplementing of the workers in Tompkins Coun- the work of the preachers with a ty are hired and paid by individual new type of worker specially denominational churches in Ithaca, trained in the religious nurture of yet they go out as part of a united youth. plan for the county, and with the backing of all the churches. De- Fourth, whichever way we look nominationalism is rarely men- for deliverance, the solution of our tioned and never stressed, and the present problems depends upon the work moves forward with enthusi- cooperation and help of the town asm and with the common purpose and village churches which must of building Christian character in devote cold cash either to assist the lives of the boys and girls of in the support of rural religious the county. The natural way in workers, or to the bringing in of which denominationalism has sunk people from the outlying sections into the background here serves to to the church.

raise the question as to whether If the town and village churches the facing of a large worth-while accept this responsibility, and task is not exactly the incentive if the work can be organized needed, and in the long run the in large units, so that a superior most powerful one toward inter- type of leadership may be made denominational comity and coop- available, we shall have little cause eration. Certainly rural America to worry, even though many of the will never be saved religiously by churches now at the crossroads denominational competition. Pos- disappear altogether. The word sibly the path toward unity can to ponder is if, for some of us best be paved by facing a great have it in our power to change task together, and what greater that if into an established fact so task does the Church face than to far as our own neighborhoods are provide an adequate and perma- concerned.

CONQUESTS IN LATIN

A CONTRAST-AFTER FIFTY YEARS'"

BY REV. WEBSTER E. BROWNING, Ph.D., Buenos Aires, Argentina liJducationaZ secretary of the Oommittee Oft. Oaoperat1on in Latin America T HERE are not a few indica- might be legal. Today, more than tions that the last half cen- half a dozen of these twenty na- tury of Evangelical Missions tions have demanded and secured in Latin America has witnessed constitutional separation of the notable conquests. Some of these Church and State, and even in may now be noted: those that have not gone so far, in 1. The battle for civil rights has practice, if not before the law, all been fought and won in practically faiths have equal rights.

everyone of the twenty republics, 2. The Roman Catholic Church and the inspiration and encourage- itself has benefited by this con- ment back of the movement have tact with evangelical Christianity.

very largely originated with evan- Although obscurantism and big- gelical leaders, though the fight otry still exist, especially in the itself has been waged by liberal smaller and more belated countries, statesmen. Fifty years ago, not the spirit of opposition has been one of these republics had written somewhat tempered. Better and liberty of worship into its consti- more frequent sermons are being tution, the cemeteries were open preached from Roman Catholic only to those who had died in the pulpits, evil practices have been faith of the Roman Catholic Apos- curbed by the authorities of that tolic Church, and the marriage rite Church itself, and much inherent could be performed only by a priest good has been revealed and de- of that communion. Even evan- veloped. Accretions of past cen- gelical workers, marrying on the turies, in some cases due to con- field, were obliged to have their tact and fusion with autochthonous union blessed by some friendly religions, have been brushed away, priest in order that their marriage and the Church stands out purer ~ Is difficult to present a comprehensive and better because of this cleansing f~U~f~llJ,~I:i::~v.:'iln~ g:~:J~c~i:o:~~r~~ process. Schools, hospitals and dispensaries have been opened and dwaittahinaretheunlaivmaiitlsabolfe,asibnrcieef naortihcilset.oryCoomf ptlheatet ewxotreknt hoafs teyrerittobryeenalswo rcitotmenp.licaTtehse thIemmsietnusae- strengthened by both Church and tion and the missionary meets problems Which do not emerge in other lands. Here be does State. Public and flag r aanntdidboIl0a0trdynot deal with ancient nations of the Orient, of hideously scarred ~f{ra~n~ ~~h~t'rl~il~g~ft~S a";;hfge.~~~m~~s na.;: stained images has diminished. ~~~ ;;'1:i;Ir~:ft'~~e~~J~o~i~ge~Ood,!~f~i~~SVIr<fi~ Versions of the Bible, or portions nationalities of the Occident, whose special of it, have been prepared in the ~~~fil~f·wrt~b~~~·b~~~':.~te f~F'fh:':,a~r~ri~lg:~~~ vernacular, with the authority of of, the hierarchy of a branch of the Christian the Church, and made available to Churcb itself, whose religion has become static at least a limited circle of readers. t':.~lnd'1~e~!:'~ ~tei'.tu:Ji s~ ,:;~~~t t~:I~~;'bli':: ~i ~~~ftr~:I~I~gi:o~t~O~:sJ~,:'t r,;;~gocJ!~~~~~f. The morality of the priesthood, until recently almost entirely com- Tpahsist mlifutsyt ybeearksepot f Inevmaningdeliacsal weeft'roervt ieInw tthhee posed of foreigners-in the ma- ~:ti~~~ f~f~~~i:a1 ~:!!n~r~to'r'e~~~I~P: 294 jority from the convents of Spain, presence and work of evangelical Portugal and Italy-has improved, Christians. and a greater number of' nativeborn young men of a higher social 3. The numerical increase of the class are now offering themselves various evangelical groups, while for holy orders. not all that many would desire, has nevertheless, been sufficient to A missionary in Guatemala, re- prove that Protestantism is not an ferring to this impact of Protestantism on Roman Catholicism has exotic plant, as many would have recently written as follows: us believe-a product of colder nordic climes transplanted to the "We have seen Roman churches that more tropical Latin atmosphere, had been without church seats and piano where it is doomed to wither and for generations adopt them because we die-but that, on the contrary, it did so. Forty years ago there was but A MODERN PROTESTANT MISSIONARY BUILDING IN LATIN AMEHICA The Crandon Institute, a college for women built by the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, in Montevideo, Uruguay one little monthly religious paper in has taken deep root and become Guatemala: now there are many, and thoroughly acclimatized during that means reading, thinking, opinions, this half century. reform, Protestantism. Before our hospital started there were no trained Fifty years ago there were but nurses and no one knew what they were the mere beginnings of evangelical for. Since then they have founded three work in a few of the leading counnurse schools, but all three have failed tries. Chile was first entered by because they eliminated the moral and an evangelical missionary in 1845, spiritual element. . . . The prospectus under the "American Foreign for an industrial college was scarcely in Christian Mission," and the Meththe hands of the then authorities till a odists began work in Chile and large governmental industrial school was Peru in 1877, under Bishop Taylor. projected and is now well under way, Permanent work in Spanish in though it, too, has the defect of the Argentina and Uruguay was esnurses' school." tablished by the Methodists about sixty years ago. The Presbyter- These changes have come about gradually and almost impercepti- bly but they are none the less real, and in large part are due to the

ians began work in Mexico in 1872, Sunday schools, working with a and were followed by the Method- force of more than 1,700 foreign ists in 1873 and the Baptists in missionaries. If we add to this 1881. Chile and Guatemala were estimate the evangelical population also entered by the Presbyterians of the countries of the Caribbean in 1873, and two missionaries of Central America and Mexico, it is this same communion left Colom- probable that the number of combia, which had been entered in municants would be dOUbled. The 1856, and began work in Venezuela membership of these churches inin 1897. Ecuador was not entered cludes representatives of all classes until 1900, and then by Methodist of society-bare-footed workmen missionaries who went from Chile on the great estates of the inteto open schools in the capital of rior; humble, illiterate artisans of that republic. In Brazil, which the cities; the merchant and his was entered by the first Presbyte- fellows of the rapidly emerging rian missionary in 1859, there were middle class, and prominent probut a few foreign workers half a fessional and political leaders. century ago, just setting about the Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, which has organization of small and scattered come to be one of the principal groups that. have since developed evangelical centers of the Latin into a nation-wide movement that world – exceeded, possibly, by now numbers about a million mem- Paris, alone, in the extent of its bers, adherents and friends. Christian work-has more than 100 preaching points, one of its While no definite statistic of the churches reports a thousand memnumber of professed evangelical bers, and there is a Pastors' Asso- Christians of fifty years ago has ciation of sixty members. Chile, ever been made, it would be safe which fifty years ago could not to say that there was not over one thousand in all Latin America- have had more than a dozen mis- excepting of course, those of for- sionaries in the entire republic, eign blood who may have been residing in these countries at that now reports some sixty in the capitime. Even modern exact statistics are difficult to secure. The tal alone. The contrast has been movement is so many-sided, oper- well summed up by a missionary ates under so many different conditions, in the various countries, in Guatemala, who wrote as foland over such a vast territory, that lows, in 1922: the results are often unseen and pervasive, rather than concrete "In 1882, as a measure of safety and visible. Nevertheless, certain against fanaticism, the president had an studies have been made, and from armed guard walk on either side of the them we may deduce the present one missionary, and that in the streets approximate number of evangeli- of the national capital. Today, it is difcals. ficult to provoke even a remote villager to throw a brick at one for religious rea- According to the report made to sons. In those early days, a tract was the Montevideo Congress in 1925, likely to be crumpled up and thrown there was then in South America, back at the distributor. Now, in streets a total communicant membership or train, hands are stretched out and all of 125,000. with over 100,000 in the Protestant literature is eagerly received. Liberals welcomed us then, but frankly told us that they were not fools enough to believe our religion. Now, many of these men are being baptized and most of them are sending their daughters to our Girls' School to get our religion. Then, it was almost impossible to secure a congrega- tion. Today, there are more than five

NOTABLE CONQUESTS IN LATIN AMERICA

hundred and as many more potential accept Protestant religious instrucones, and one may travel on foot across tion; but other objectives have the inhabited part of the land and stop, emerged as the years have gone morning, noon and night, with a Protes- by. Some introduced new educatant congregation. Then, we were every- tional ideals and methods, which where considered as destructive elements, have served as models for an entire –anti-Roman, if not anti-theistical. country. The results have pro- They have now awakened to the fact that duced what might be called a mass Protestantism is splendidly constructive tolerance for Protestantism. Othon the side of all that is best. We were ers have specialized in providing outcasts, and only outcasts who had noth- education for the children and ing to lose would come to us. Now the young people of the evangelical intellectuals are being baptized, the best community, where such children people have us conduct their funerals suffered persecution because of the and weddings, and in advertisements, at religious convictions of their partimes, the very significant note appears, ents, and still others have excelled in the giving of commercial in- 'Protestants preferred.''' * struction and have thus had un- usual influence in business circles. 4. The educational work of evangelical missions in Latin America These schools have struggled to is almost in its entirety an out- give a Christian education worthy growth of the past fifty years. of the ideals of their founders, and, Very few of the schools now in amid untold difficulties which can existence were founded before the never be sufficiently appreciated by beginning of the last quarter of the their supporters in the homeland, nineteenth century. Protestant hundreds of consecrated Christian effort at first was purely along teachers have written their lives evangelistic lines, and schools indelibly into the hearts and charcame later. acters of thousands of attractive, lovable young people. The final Mackenzie College, in Brazil, end of their teaching has been eduwhich now enrolls about fifteen cation rather than instruction; the hundred students, grew out of a training of the heart rather than primary school founded in 1871, the mere imparting of knowledge, and the college itself was not and because of their influence planned until twenty years later. there has come to many communi- The "Instituto Ingles" in Chile, ties, a broader and deeper underwith primary and secondary standing and appreciation of the courses, was founded in 1876, and its sister institution in the same content of true religion. city, "Santiago College," in 1879, 5. The evangelical churches of while the "American College" in Buenos Aires was founded as late Latin America have been slow to as 1913, and the Lutheran College recognize and stress the social imof the same city even more re- plications of Christianity. How- ever, the content of the message cently. has greatly broadened in more re- So far as history records there cent years, and there is now an· increasing tendency to emphasize was no school exclusively for girls, the social part of the general proin all Latin America, before the gram. Fifty years ago no form of beginning of the last quarter of the medical missions had been estabpast century.

The founders of the first schools no doubt had in mind the giving of literary training to all who would • Edward M. Haymaker, In The Pre8byterian Magazine, May, 1922.

lished. Now there are forty-eight ing oligarchies have seen their medical missionary centers in power broken, and, in some counforty-four cities, in eleven of the twenty countries in Latin America. tries, men of the middle class have These centers work through eight- won their way even to the presieen hospitals, thirty dispensaries dency. Students too, have organand clinics, and four visiting-nurse ized within the past few years, in centers, operated by twenty-three some cases have combined forces doctors and thirty-six nurses. The with the proletariat, and are makevangelical hospital in Rio de ing their united strength felt in Janeiro, organized, controlled, and matters of Church and State, as in financed by Brazilians, is one of the all social movements. best equipped and most preferred Practically all that has been done toward the suppression of the WHERE MACKENZIE COLLEGE, OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, BEGAN institutions of its kind in that drink evil, has been due to the great city. initiative of representatives of evangelical Christianity, and a What is known as the feminist movement is a development of the number of strong enthusiastic orlast twenty-five years. Equal ganizations, in strategic centers, rights are now demanded for both now carry forward this work. sexes, and the Red Cross and similarorganizations have greatly Interest has more recently been benefited from the awakened activ- aroused on behalf of the many ities of the women. Organized thousand lepers who wander un- 'labor, with its demands for the checked through city streets or formerly suppressed working-man, along country trails, and the Rockwas unknown thirty years ago, but efeller Institute-while not an its successes have brought immense evangelical institution, yet cerhelp to all those who toil, the rul- tainly one that does Christian work-has virtually stamped out

yellow-fever, and its present ef- -are training others, and the forforts give promise of finally over- eign worker is confidently looking coming hook-worm and similar forward to the time when he may diseases peculiar to the tropics. be able to turn over to national forces entire responsibility for the 6. In the circulation of clean, work. helpful, as well as directly Chris- 8. Help for the submerged Intian literature, it may be said that all that has been accomplished dian masses did not enter into the during the past half century is plans of evangelical forces fifty years ago. Even that which is bevery largely due to the efforts of ing done today is tragically inadeevangelical mIssIOnaries. More quate to the needs of these millions than one hundred religious periodi- of fellow Americans-as pagan as cals are now published under evangelical auspices, some of them were their forefathers when Co- MACKENZIE COLLEGE, SAO PAULO, BRAZIL, AS IT IS TODAY union enterprises, and a number of lumbus first looked on the shores of union evangelical book-stores, lo- America. Yet, considerable inter- cated in strategic centers, give est has now been aroused in the themselves to the production and problem, a number of missions dissemination of books and other. have been organized-in one coun- literature that build up rather than try there are now fourteen where destroy character. three years ago there was but one 7. Fifty years ago trained na- -and it is hoped that steps may tional workers were almost to- soon be taken to organize and co- tally lacking. Today, there are ordinate these various bodies, and more than 2,000 in South America carry forward a continent-wide alone, and Institutes, Bib I e work which shall bring to the hun- schools, training schools for dea- dreds of widely-scattered tribes the conesses and nurses, and theologi- benefits of Christianity.

cal seminaries-if not in each 9. The outstanding characteris- country, at least in each great area tic of evangelical work in Latin

America, as developed in recent ing it possible to establish in a years, is the fact of wholehearted certain region or country one cooperation between the different strong school, which honors evan- missions and boards. Cooperation gelical Christianity, rather than.a in Christian work has come to be number of weak, raquitic organiza- the rule in most mission fields, but tions which would do it no credit.

it may be said that Latin America Denominational names on church leads all others in this respect. A buildings tend to disappear, giving half century ago such cooperation way to the general name of was altogether unknown. Then it "Evangelical Church," with the was rather a marathon race be- distinctive name below and in tween representatives of the differ- parenthesis. In the Dominican ent boards in an effort to preempt Republic, four Boards have united what were considered choice loca- in a work which embraces all the tions for their future work. To- usual forms of missionary activi- day, many of these same locations ties, and the workers for this mis- have been voluntarily abandoned sion are chosen because of fitness in the wider interests of coopera- rather than denominational con- tion. Primary responsibility for nection. All this cooperative work evangelization and other forms of in Latin America heads up in a Christian work has been accepted central committee with headquar- by individual boards in a number ters in New York City, which in of regions and countries-as in turn has close and vital connection Mexico–although this has some- with strong, self-determining local times meant a new allocation of committes in the various important forces and the turning over to areas.

other communions the churches The leaders of evangelical work and schools which had cost years have no doubt made many mistakes of labor and many lives. during the past half century. They In all the principal regions, have sometimes followed false students for the ministry are now trails and occasionally found them- being educated in union semi- selves in a cul-de-sac. But, ott the naries, and narrow sectarianism whole, the movement has been in the future ministry is thus made steadily forward and evangelical impossible. Some of the outstand- missions today stand out as the ing educational institutions, both one great gift to Latin America primary and secondary, are carried from Great Britain and the United on under union auspices, thus mak- States.

A BIBLE JUBILEE IN BRAZIL T AST year the Jubilee of the secutive daily reading of portions L American Bib 1e Society of the Scripture, united daily Agency in Brazil was cele- prayer, and efforts to place in the brated. The three months, from hands of the largest number of September 7th, Brazil's National persons possible copies of the Independence Day, to December Scriptures. The publicity given to 4th, Universal Bible Sunday, of- this plan awakened widespread infered the opportunity and favored terest. A total of 285,000 copies of the suggestion that the Jubilee the Scriptures selected were used, celebration take the form of a con- chiefly in Portuguese.

Of THE

Conferring at .1 erusalem were given as to the achievements W ORLD missionary confer- of modern missions and as a result ences have been milestones the home churches were aroused to to mark missionary prog- a sense of their responsibility and ress. Some have been more; they the great victories of the mission- have been great dynamos giving ary enterprise.

new impetus to missionary ideals A still more important internaand methods; they have rejuve- tional and interdenominational nated, if not revolutionized, mis- conference was that held in New sionary work. York in April, 1900. This was at- The first interdenominational tended by representatives of more conference was held in New York than 200 societies and by delegates (May, 1854) and the second in from all parts of the world. It was London (in October of the same a demonstration of the essentially year) to consider the united task missionary character of Christian- and the common problems. These ity and the unity of the undertak- small gatherings initiated the ing. This conference convinced movement for closer fellowship in the world that the missionary the task. enterprise is not to be ignored but Next came the larger Liverpool is worthy of more adequate sup- Conference in March, 1860. Here port. The importance of women's the whole world field was studied, work was also more fully recog- with reports as to the needs and nized. the methods that had proved most Ten years later, in June, 1910, successful. The resuIt was a the World Missionary Conference clearer conception of the magni- in Edinburgh brought together the tude of the whole enterprise. largest number of mIssIOnary Third came the Mildmay Park, specialists ever gathered in one London, Conference in October, place. Here the science of missions 1878, with larger representation was emphasized and native Chrisfrom Britain, America and Europe. tians from the churches on the field This conference studied the fields were given a larger place on the more particularly and reported the program. The result was a great progress made in their evangeliza- impetus to cooperative work and tion. The result was a deepening to the development of the Church of interest, a keener appreciation on the field.

of the need for wise statemanship The war interfered with plans and generalship in order that there for the next general conference but might be a united advance. an American Convention was held In June, 1888, the first truly rep- in Washington in January, 1925. resentative and adequate confer- This was less important as a mile- ence was held in London. Reports stone and for the power it gener- 301

ated, but served to give impetus to lated to the older churches that estab- lished them? What is the relation of the study of world-wide missions finances to administration? Shall forand regained some of the ground eign missionaries retire from control of lost through the war and by the work established and supported by mis- sion funds? mistakes of the Interchurch WorId (4) What is the relation of race to Movement. It was a convention fellowship and control? Should race make any difference in the position that rather than a conference. ~ man or woman ~hould ~old in industry, The present year is marked by In government, In socIety or in the another important world mission- church? (5) How can international and interary gathering. Its personnel is church cooperation be developed so as more limited in numbers but the best to fulfil the task of world evan- delegates are carefully chosen and gelization and to build up a truly Chrisinclude a larger number of Chris- tian Church? tian leaders from churches in non- On each of these general topics Christian lands. This conference specialists have prepared papers is now meeting on the Mount of which have been printed in pamph- Olives, Jerusalem, March 24th to let form and distributed to the April 8th. Two thirds of the dele- delegates. gates from the mission fields are The growth of the non-Christian members of native churches. Here nations in self-consciousness, and the enterprise is viewed less as a the development of the churches in missionary undertaking and more these lands in a sense of personal as indigenous – a task for the responsibility and self-government, Church that has been established make this meeting in Jerusalem of great significance. Christians in in each country. The Christian Church was all lands may well unite in earnest founded over nineteen hundred prayer for God's guidance in these years ago. Today native churches deliberations and conclusions and are found in all parts of th.e world. for His blessing on the delegates The question is now not so much as they return home to face old "How will European and Amer- problems and new difficulties with ican Christians evangelize these greater faith and courage and in a non-Christian lands" as "How will more adequate way. European and American churches Dr. Robert E. Speer is to write cooperate with national churches for the REVIEW the story of this in other fields to help them grow Conference and Milton T. Stauffer, strong and to strengthen and en- and a number of Christians from large the Church of Christ in their the various mission fields, will give their views of the problems disown lands." With this purpose in view the cussed and their relation to the conference will carefully consider great task of winning people of all nations to allegiance to Jesus the following questions: (1) What is the essential character of Christ. t~e Chr.istian message and the Christian hfe as It should be found in Africa and The Church and)he·Jews Asia as well as in America and Europe? (2) What are the true aims and most I s THE Church neglecting its responsibility for giving the effective methods in Christian education Gospel to the Jews? At the that will develop an intelligent church membership and trained leaders in each country? meeting of the Home Missions (3) How byarme istshieonyaoryunwgoerrk,cthoubrcehrees~ Council at Cleveland in January, a established

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

resolution was presented request- the apostolic program was to give ing the Administrative Committee the Gospel "to the Jew first." to cooperate with the International Missionary Council in calling a From this position the Church conference of representatives of through nineteen centuries has the Christian Churches of the never wavered. Her mission to United States and Canada to con- Israel, it is true, has often halted, sider their responsibility for the or its execution has been halfreligious welfare of the Jews. The hearted, or what is vastly worse, only opponent to this resolution is has been prosecuted by barbarous reported to have said: and unchristian means. But through all there has been a con- "When it comes to going to the viction that Christ and His Gospel Jewish people and trying to get are for the Jews, and that without Him their destiny cannot be comthem to give up their faith, the plete. background of our own religion, I would have no faith in such a pro- Have we come to the time when gram. Their modern church is in- the Jew no longer needs Christ fluenced by ours; they sing the and what He offers to all other same old religious songs and wor- races? Has the Gospel which was ship the same God. I would say to proclaimed to the Jews in apostolic a young Jew who has left his syna- days no significance for the Jews gogue: 'Go back to your rabbi and of today? Has salvation at last your synagogue, and the God you come out of Zion? and I hold in common.' " No one acquainted with modern This declaration is heralded by Jewish conditions, or with current the Jewish press with unqualified Jewish literature is under any approval. The Jewish Tribune, in illusions as to the real situation. commenting on the utterance, re- The late Rabbi Blau, a few years gards it is an example of "real" ago, in deploring the tragic degood will, and says: "The first parture of his people from the step to good will is the realization ancient faith, said: of and emphasis on those vital "What greater tragedy than the points upon which Christianity life of a people that has lost its God! And there is no new Sinai and Judaism agree, and not upon from whose thundering top the inconsequential dogmatic differ- God of our fathers may speak to His backsliding children." ences." Has the Christian Church a min- And Dr. S. M. Melamed, the brilliant editor of the Reflex, says istry to the Jews or are they to be in the January issue: excluded from her universal mission? If the New Testament is ac- "At least half of the Jews today cepted as an authority, the answer no longer observe the rabbinic is unequivocal. Christ Himself de- law . . . One must be blind not voted His entire ministry to His to see that Judaism is being deown race. His "marching orders" rabbinized daily. Of the four milspecifically enjoined His disciples lions of Jews in America, not more to "begin at Jerusalem." Many than ten per cent observe rabbinic thousands of Jews became fol- law, and their number is diminishlowers of Christ before the mes- ing daily . .. It is obvious that sengers were scattered to other lands by persecution. Even there

throughout the world the days of supremely as to what we regard as rabbinic Judaism are numbered." essential to the Jew as to the Chris- Would any representative of a Christian missionary organization tian. J. & ~ have the wandering Jews of the world turn back to this? They Missionary Promises themselves know better. Judaism has been tried and found wanting. T HE missionary meditates No message from the synagogue more than others over the missionary promises. These today can satisfy the Jews' hungry are the most astonishing and inheart. When earnest Jews every- spiring utterances in the whole where are searching eagerly for world. Use has blunted the edge spiritual satisfaction, shall the of our wonder, and only by an Church founded by the Jews' Mes- effort can we dismiss dull associasiah pass by Messiah's people? tions and grasp the unfailing op- timism of the Bible. It is not a question of trying to get Jews to give up their faith. The greatest literary miracle in Most of them have none. Neither the world is the unity of the Bible, is it a question of making Baptists and its hope for the conversion of or Methodists, or Presbyterians of all nations. Its writers belonged Jews. That does not greatly con- to one of the smallest and most excern those who know the Jewish clusive races in the world; its books were written at different situation in America today. The times, by very different men, and supreme problem is to bring Jews amid various tendencies, and yet face to face with Jesus Christ. He they all introduce us to a King who alone can vitalize their faith. He is to establish a world-wide and alone can enable them to fulfil their age-long Kingdom. The hope of mission. He alone can recover for the conversion of the whole world them their lost glory. lives in the heart of the whole Bible. The strongest utterances If we are to hold with the Jewish came from the prophets when their editor that all this is "inconsequen- land was in ruins. tial," then the Christ who is inconsequential to the Jew must be The same spirit pervades the equally inconsequential to the New Testament. Its great, oft- Christian. Then missionary effort recurring words are outgoingon behalf of any people is a blunder teach, call, heal, say, go, etc. The Beloved Disciple, even when a and even an affront. We should prisoner in Patmos, and in a day not merely send the Jew back to his when heathenism was triumphant rabbi and his synagogue, but the everywhere, wrote as if he already Moslem to his mullah and his mos- heard the tread of the coming milque and the Hindu to his idols and lions of Gentile converts hurrying his temple. on to the mystic Zion, the seat of Him who is "the Desire of all na- In a very real sense the presence tions." He saw his divine Master of the Jew in our midst presents a going forth conquering and to contest to the Christian Church more quer and crowned with victory. searching than can be found in any The missionary lives in the spirother part of our work. The test itual ozone of such truths. is primarily as to our attitude to Christ and His Gospel, and then HOW TO UTILIZE THE PUBLIC 3. As a factor for Americanization.

LIBRARY IN OUR MISSIONARY Let us consider each of these in WORK turn.

By SALLIE E. COY, Westerly, R. I. As a Circulation Medium.-We are interested in getting the missionary We have heard of the farmer who, ideal across both to the members of after having driven an old-time Ford our churches and to our communities; for some years, bought a Buick. He the library may assist in circulating drove forty miles in low gear, heat- books of missionary interest. Some ing his engine and getting no speed, may say that they have tried it and trying every scheme he could think of the library will not cooperate. While by using his feet to get into high gear a library cannot do all that the various but without success. At last he met groups of its patrons request, there a man who showed him how to shift are certain things that the public may gears, telling him to use his hands as reasonably expect of its library, and well as his feet. which most librarians will do if re- Our missionary organizations are quested. built for both speed and power, but Book Lists.-Most librarians will be often fail of achievement because we glad to compile lists of material availdo not make use of the facilities at able on certain SUbjects. For instance, hand. if this year you wish to know what Fifty-six per cent of the total popu- your library can furnish on China or lation of the United States and Canada India, on modern industry, child lalive in public library service areas, according to a recent survey made by the breolr~tiroancsehiprselaotironaslhiiepnss; international in America, American Library Association, yet give your librarian several days' noonly two volumes per capita are issued tice, and good lists will undoubtedly from public libraries during a year. be forthcoming. "There can be but one reason for this Special Shelves.-If your group is to situation and that is that public opin- make a thorough study of a special ion is still uninformed of the value and topic, ask that books covering your comprehensive service of a good pub- subject be collected and placed on spelic library." cial shelves marked for your group, How may these libraries be more and held for a limited time. widely used to promote better methods Collections of Missionary Books.- for missionary societies? From obser- Some libraries maintain regular colvation it appears that many mission- lections of missionary books. If you ary organizations are making com- can show sufficient use of these books paratively little use of the tremendous your librarian will be glad to arrange asset which is theirs for the asking for one. The great advantage of havin the public libraries. ing such a collection in your public There are three ways in which library is that it attracts many readers our missionary organizations may who would not dream of borrowing more fully utilize the public library: books from a church library. This has 1. As a medium for the circulation been proved again and again.

of missionary books. When you know the books that you 2. As a laboratory or workshop. especially wish to have ill. a mission- 4 305 ary collection submit the list to your rhe Library lUI Laboratory librarian and some will be purchased As a workshop, where all of the lat- -probably not all. In making up the est tools and instruments are availlist consider the books your library able, the public library is an invaluable already has along this line that may asset to the missionary society. In form the nucleus of your collection. preparing programs, pageants or posters, one cannot afford to ignore Many of the following fairly recent the help which the library offers. books will be found in the average There are many ways and many books public library and may be used on which would prove useful, but only your list: those are here listed which have been tried again and again and have proved Christianity and the Race Problem- themselves of value. Oldham. Many times, in developing a pro- The Church and Missions–Speer. gram, we find that we lack the infor- From Immigrant to Inventor-Pupin. mation necessary to complete your Shepherds-Oemler. cycle of facts. Or we may have seen The Glass Window-Furman. The Christ of the Indian Road- an article in a recent magazine but Jones. cannot recall the date of issue. THE A Daughter of the Samurai-Sugimoto. MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD The Soul of an Immigrant-Panunzio. We Must March-Morrow. is the only strictly missionary maga- African Clearings–Mackenzie. Autobiography (Labrador)-Grenfell. The Cost of a New World-Maclennan. zine indexed in one of the greatest of No collection of missionary books all library reference tools, "The will be altogether complete that does Readers' Guide to Periodical Literanot include some of an inspirational ture." This index will be found in nature, for the love of Christ is the every library of any size. compelling force of the entire missionary motive. This year, when we are especially considering the Church's attitude to- Marks of a World Christian-Fleming. wards social problems such as modern Jesus and Our Generation-Gilkey. industrialism, racial problems, and The Manhood of the Master-Fosdick. our international attitudes, it is well The Meaning of Service-Fosdick. What Peace Means–Van Dyke. to strengthen our position by a What Christ Means to Me-Grenfell. thorough understanding of the back- The Christian Basis of World Democ- ground of these present-day questions.

racy-Latourette. To that end many missionary societies The Jesus of History-Glover. are organizing discussion groups or Many other books of this sort will be forums. "The Reference Shelf" and found in the average public library the "Handbook Series," both pub- and are worthy of a place in your col- lished by the H. W. Wilson Co., will lection. furnish excellent material on current You may secure a missionary read- problems. They contain reprints and ing list from your denominational bibliographies from many sources, to- headquarters, check it with your li- gether with briefs, and debate and brary catalogue, and then present it to study outlines. A perfectly impartial your librarian. In requesting books, attitude is maintained towards both have full information if possible- sides of the question, and since as title, author, publisher, price. members of missionary organizations Dep()sit Statians. – Many rural it is our aim to advance the Christian churches and those not easily accessi- viewpoint, these studies will help ma- ble to a public library can arrange to terially in seeing the subject from act as a deposit station for the near- every angle. Some of the questions est library. A number of missionary dealt with in these -series are-War, books may be borrowed for an ex- Its Cause and Cure; Immigration, tended time-someone in the church Prohibition, Child Labor, Japanese acting as librarian. Exclusion, etc.

1928J METHODS FOR WORKERS

If there is one part of our mission- after the Civil War. It also has an ary programs that we neglect more excellent chapter on color and light- than another it is the devotional pe- ing, giving the effect of lights on dif- riod. Sometimes the wrong song is ferent colors, and the psychological used, or an unfortunate poem is read eflects of various colors on the audi- that jars the spirit of the entire pro- ence. Haire's "Folk Costume Book"

gram. By making use of some of the is especially good in its description of excellent collections of folk-songs and the costumes of many of the less sacred songs available in public li- known countries of Southern Europe.

braries we may have music that will Other helpful books on costume are add to the impressiveness of our pro- Hubbard and Peck's "National Cos- grams, instead of detracting from tumes of the Slavic Peoples," Jasspon them. and Becker's "Ritual and Dramatized Botsford's "Folk Songs of Many Folkways" and Mackay's "Costume Peoples" (2 vols., published by the Woman's Press, 1922, which has the music and words, both in the original, and also translations by American poets) contains many songs from the homelands of our new Americans.

Burton's "American Primitive Mu- sic," or Fletcher's "Indian Story and Song from North America," will help greatly in creating the right atmos- phere for a program on work among the American Indians.

It is possible to secure excellent col- lections of Negro spirituals from de- nominational literature bureaus, but since this type of American folk !Dore interesting music has so largely come into its own, the library can help here. Johnson's "Book of American Negro Spirituals"

and Krehbiel's "Afro-American Folk tban Cl novel Songs" contain many well-known and some of the less familiar spirituals.

There is no question as to the value of using folk music in our programs; and Scenery for Amateurs," an older when we have learned to sing the but still useful book. songs of other peoples we are on the road to a better understanding. The right music is a necessity for the best work in dramatic presenta- HelpB for Missionary Dramatics tions. Holt's "List of Music for Plays Dramatic presentations, as part of and Pageants" will help greatly in our missionary program, have come to knowing what to use; Sears' "Song stay, for we have all learned that some Index" tells where to find much of the of our finest lessons are taught in this music that Holt suggests.

way. But a poorly staged, poorly cos- Most libraries do not have a large tumed or poorly lighted presentation assortment of missionary plays and loses much of its effectiveness. pageants so that you will do better to Here are some books that will help write to your denominational head- in the proper setting of plays and pag- quarters for these. There are several eants. Grimball and Wells' "Costum- excellent collections usually available: ing a Play" describes costumes from "Short Missionary Plays" and "More Assyrian times to the period shortly Short Missionary Plays," by Margaret

T. Applegarth, contain plays some of Pictures.-The current magazines which will be useful in women's so- furnish plenty of pictures. Asia, cieties, young people's organizations National Geographic and Travel conor in Sunday-schools. "Religious tain especially good material for mis- Dramas," a collection brought out each sionary posters. year by the Federal Council of Churches, while not distinctly mission- Most libraries maintain picture col- lections, and these pictures may be ary, is high grade and worth knowing. borrowed for use in program meetings, Poster HelplI or can be copied for posters if a real artist happens to be among your mem- We have come to believe in the use bership. Borrow the idea of a picture of posters for publicity but not all are collection from the library, and have familiar with the technicalities of one of your own. These pictures may then be used in your poster making.

Each member should be on the watch for pictures which she will contribute ~!U Jinps..gng. S-oWO~ from month to month. They are then JO ~.mslln -Oll~ classified, placed in folders and prop- ;S-O'H -Oll:)' ~nSl erly marked. The folders can be made of heavy manila card. Those for pic- ~1l qa,IlQ£' As~ tures of foreign missionary interest SI -OLPP!1l S!lI:)' ~slln on.

4r should be marked with name of coun- try; i. e., China, Japan, etc.; for home missionary material, mark folders o with names of people; i. e., Negro, • t Indian, etc. The same plan may be followed with clippings from newspapers, magazines, etc., for an up-to-date information file.

In placing pictures on poster, study carefully the best position before past- ing them. Sometimes the pictures are much more effective if cut out and out- lined with ink. Use a "T square" to be sure that the picture lines up cor- rectly.

Lettering.-Do not spoil a good poster by poor lettering. If the poster maker actually knows her alphabet making them. "The Amateur Poster well, that is, the relative sizes and Maker" by Perkins and "Principles shapes of the letters, she will save and Practice of Show Card Writing" much time by using the lettering pens.

by Blair, give many suggestions. For Good pens of this sort may be obtained the amateur even these non-technical at most stationers, or directly from treatises may seem complicated and the Hunt Pen Company, Camden, N.

the making of posters far from easy. J., makers of the "Speed Ball Pen" or If so, the following simple rules which from the Esterbrook Steel Pen Manu- have been followed by amateurs most facturing Co., Camden, N. J., who successfully may be helpful. make "Lettering and Drawing Speed Poster Material.-Use bristol board Pens." The cost is about ten cents of neutral tone. A soft buff makes each, and three different sizes will till an excellent background for most the average need.

posters. Any light-weight card of dull It will help greatly toward good let- finish is better than the shiny card- tering to remember that all up strokes board of brilliant color. should be light, down strokes heavy,

METHODS FOR WORKERS

vertical strokes heavy, horizontal ing conditions in a sufficiently starstrokes light. tling manner so that even the unin- terested person must read them. For The average amateur poster-maker that reason use as few words as poswill do better to trace the letters. Many sible but make each word count. good books on lettering are available which contain different styles of alpha- A good type of information poster bets. Brown's "Letters and Letter- to create an interest in reading the ing," Day's "Alphabets, Old and New," missionary books is made by having Goudy's "Elements of Lettering," the words "Have you read this?" in Goudy's "The Alphabet," and Stevens' large letters at the top of the poster. "Lettering," will be found in most Beneath these words paste several libraries. Each one has certain types books' jackets that have been careof letters in which it excels. Using fully trimmed. Change them from one of these, take thin tissue or trans- time to time and you will find the fer paper, draw line for letters to rest books will be asked for without furupon, and then trace the letters, being ther effort.

careful as to spacing. Have poster The Library &II a Factor in carefully planned and then trace letters Americanization from transfer paper to poster, using either carbon paper or sharp pencil Outside of the school there is no for making impression. In this way, agency so potent in the Americanizaalmost perfect lettering is secured. tion of the foreigner as the public li- brary. The one aim of the modern Kinds of Posters.-Posters may be library is to give service to the entire generally divided into two classes- community and all that it asks in reinvitation and information. The invi- turn for this service is a wider use tation poster will be either of a gen- of its facilities. eral nature, stating the date and place of meeting with a clever little invita- In the larger towns and cities tion attached, or it will advertise the branch libraries are maintained in nature and subject of the meeting. many of the foreign communities, and The latter is more difficult to do well, here the library becomes indeed a and so it is usually more effectual in community center. The women of our carrying out its purpose. There should missionary organizations who are be a different poster on the church watching for an opportunity to make bulletin board at least once a month. friends with some of the foreign women of their community have here The information poster, or chart, a splendid opportunity. With the love seeks to call attention to facts or exist- -of books asa – common background

some of the finest international friend- hearty cooperation and support of the ships have been formed. church women will mean much to them in their Americanization work. Most libraries maintain a collection of books in foreign languages, cater- An unusually successful effort on ing largely to the more numerous and the part of one library was an Italian more important of the foreign-speak- handicraft exhibit. Various Italian ing groups in their respective commu- women were invited to bring their nities. By means of the inter-library beautiful embroideries and other loan system, however, one library may household treasures from across the borrow books from another, so that all sea to the library, for a display to last foreign groups in a community may about a month. They told their be served, even though the demand for friends about it, with the result that books in a particular language is in- an avalanche of beautiful linens, tapsufficient to warrant purchase. estries, brasses, old jewelry and marbles descended upon the library, all Most immigrants, while they enjoy these the treasures of the so-called reading books in their native tongue peasant class. They were carefully have a great longing to "become marked, the history of each piece was American." So usually close at hand, noted, and the exhibit began. will be found books on Americanization. Since many of our missionary People from all parts of the commuorganizations include as part of their nity flocked to the library to see this Americanization program the teach- display, and many new and interesting ing of English in the foreign home, and since one of the first things the 'contacts were made, as the Italian foreigner himself wants is help to- women proudly explained in their wards attaining citizenship, we men- broken English the history of some tion a few helpful books. piece of fine embroidery to an admir- ing American ancestor worshipper "Americanization Questionnaire" by who had hitherto regarded all foreign- Bradshaw and Hornstein, published in ers as something dirty and hateful. 1926, contains questions and answers Best of all, the Italian girls gained a usually asked of aliens applying for citi- new respect and admiration for their zenship papers. mothers as they heard the work of their hands and the treasures of their "A Course in Citizenship" by Cabot households admired and all but envied and others, gives a practical working by the American women. outline for teachers to aid their efforts in giving children an ideal of human This handicraft exhibit is just one brotherhood. example of the many things the mod- ern library is attempting for the for- The U. S. Bureau of Naturalization eigner. As a non-sectarian instituhas issued a splendid series of pamphlets tion without ulterior motive the liand textbooks on Americanization called brary can reach the foreigner in adif- "Federal Textbooks on Citizenship Train- ferent way than the church can hope ing." to do. But this very lack of handi- cap which makes the library so fine an A recent series which bids fair to out- initial point of contact with the forrival all others in popularity with the eigner must necessarily prevent it foreigner himself, is "Help Yourself Lessons" by Talbot, published in 1926. from going beyond a certain point. They are really picture primers for grown-ups and their children who cannot It is here that the churches must read or write our language readily. pick up the work and go on with it. Some one has said that it is not ideas Handicraft Exhibits but ideals that make a people's civili- zation. The Christ ideal must be the Different libraries have adopted ultimate aim in any lasting work with various methods to help the foreigner the foreigner, and this is the end tofeel himself an integral part of the ward which the churches are aiming. community aside from being an asset to the ward politicians. Here our missionary organizations and libraries can well join forces. Most librarians are open to suggestions, and the

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK THIRD CONFERENCE ON THE different views met at this Round CAUSE AND CURE OF WAR Table so that we heard the question presented ably from many points of By AMY G. LEWIS, NEW YORK view. Another group of experts dis- The Third Conference on the Cause cussed in this way, "The Recent For- and Cure of War was held in Wash- eign Policy of the United States to- iinngtaotnt~nJdaanncuea,ryre1p5r-e19se, n1t9i2n8g, with 581 ward certain Caribbean countries, the nine Mexico and China."

national organizations of women that Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt, the cooperate. The delegation of cljurch president and moving spirit of the con- women was larger .than before-thir- ference, showed her ability to keep the ty-nine from the Federation of Wom- groups of women together and to an's Boards of Foreign Missions and guide and sometimes answer the ex- thirty-nine from the Council of Wom- perts. Among the speakers were some en for Home Missions. Mrs. William who have addressed the previous con- Edgar Geil, president of the Federa- ferences: Mr. James G. McDonald, tMio~n. presided at one of the sessions. Chairman of Foreign Policy Associa- D. E. Waid of the Council was tion and Dr. James T. Shotwell, Direc- on the program. tor of Division of Economics and Besides the delegates many visitors History, Carnegie Institute for Inter- came, especially to the opening public national Peace. New speakers who meeting when the speakers were: brought vital messages were: Mr. H. Honorable Dwight F. Davis, Secretary N. Brailsford, Editor of The New of War, Rear Admiral Frank H. Scho- Leader, London, Member of the Labor field, U.S.N., representing the Secre- Party in England; Prof. John Holla- tary of the Navy, Honorable W. R. day Latane, Head of Department of Castle, Jr., Assistant Secretary of History, Johns Hopkins University; State. Senor Salvador de Madariaga, former There were two new features of the Chief of Disarmament Section of Sec- Conference. One, the reports of the retariat of League of Nations; Prof.

"readers" who have been studying in- Nicholas Spykman, Associate Profes- ternational relations and the cause and sor Dept. Economics, Sociology and cure of war during the year. It is no Government, Yale University; Dr.

unguided emotionalism that brings to- Anna Garlin Spencer, Educator, Min- gether these women of varied inter- ister, Lecturer; Dr. J. Leighton Stu- ests united in the effiort to find a art, President, Yenching University, way to rid the world of the ancient Peking, China, and Mrs. Henry W. curse of war. Reports of the group Peabody.

meetings in many cities showed that The following resolutions were there are many organizations of men adopted at business sessions of the and women cooperating in institutes Conference: for studying along the lines laid out Re8olved, that the delegates to the by the Conference on the Cause and Third Conference on the Cause and Cure Cure of War. Another new feature of of War, convinced that effective treaties great interest and value was the Round between nations for the l>eaceful settle- Table where men and women of real ment of all international disputes will amnakiensptorussmibelentthoef eploimlicinya, tiaonndobf ewlieavrinags learning discussed in our presence, "Should and Can War be Abolished? that the withholding of arms, munitions, If so, how?" Professors of widely and implements of war from nations 311

which shall have violated such treaties Resolved, that the Conference on the is one of the practical means of ensuing Cause and Cure of War deplores the their enforcement, do hereby endorse the policy of greatly increased naval arma- Burton Resolution (H. J. Res. 1), and ments for the United States, at the same urge upon the Congress and President time that our State Department is ofof the United States its enactment into fering treaties renouncing war as an in law. strument of national policy, and urges that in the adoption of any naval pro- **** gram the President be authorized to suspend construction if circumstances SECTION I warrant it.

WHEREAS, acknowledged substitutes ** ** for war are compacts of agreement between nations not to resort to war over Another resolution was adopted auany dispute or conflict of opinion arising, but instead to settle them by one thorizing a committee to address a letor a succession of peaceful methods now thoroughly established by precedent, and ter to President Coolidge respectfully WHEREAS, the Department of State of requesting information on these points the United States in response to the Briand proposal submitted a proposal concerning the entry of the United for a "multilateral treaty with France, Great Britain, Japan, Germany, Italy, State~ into the Permanent Court: and other like-minded nations for the renunciation of war as an instrument of 1. The meaning of the phrase–"has national policy," therefore, be it or claims an interest"-which appeared ambiguous to the Geneva Conference of Resolved, that this Conference recom- September, 1926, when considering the mend to the national organizations com- reservation of the United States with prising the Committee on the Cause and reference to the advisory opinions of the Cure of War that they give active and Court. concerted support to the efforts of the Department of State for the conclusions 2. If the United States were a memof either a multilateral treaty or bi- ber of the World Court and an advisory lateral treaties with these same nations. opinion were asked, who would decide Be it further whether the United States "has or claims an interest"? Resolved. that in the event of such treaties not being immediately presented 3. Would the authority be found in or concluded, such concerted effort by the the President or the Senate, or in both organizations be employed to create and jointly? educate public opinion for the inclusion in future treaties of the principles of 4. If this point is undecided, who has renunciation of war as an instrument of the authority to determine it? Is the national policy and for the use of exist- question in doubt as to who has the auing and creation of needed machinery thority to decide? for the peaceful settlement of international disputes. **** SECTION II Widely diverse views as to "cures"

of war were expressed, but it is evi- dent that the women realize that it is no easy task that is faced. There must be a long process of education of pub- WHEREAS, we recognize that women lic opinion based on a thorough study of other countries are deeply concerned of very complex situations. War canwith us in the building of world peace, not be abolished by fiat. Conditions must be understood and causes of conbe it flict removed. Intelligence of the Resolved, that the National Committee highest order, determination and hard work must be applied to winning on the Cause and Cure of War commu- peace. General Tasker Bliss says: nicate with the leading women's groups "If there were as much capacity for in other countries, particularly those organization in the whole American peace movement as there is in one enumerated in the proposal of the State regiment of the United States Army, Department, informing them of our pur- the friends of peace could accomplish pose; and further, that we express our anything they agreed to undertake." hope that together we may be a strong influence in the development of interna- The final word on the printed protional public opinion for support of the gram was for the spiritual union of use of peaceful methods as a substitute mankind. for force which may enable all civilized nations to renounce war as an instrument of their national policy; and in addition we ask their continued support of concrete methods for the peaceful settlement of international disputes.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

The printed report of the confer- THE WORLD'S DAY OF PRAYER ence will be ready before these words are read. It may be had from the Prayer Broadcast by Mrs. William office of the Secretary of the Commit- Edgar Geil tee on the Cause and Cure of War- Miss Josephine Schain, Room 1010, We thank Thee, 0 Lord and Mas- Grand Central Terminal Building, ter of us all, that during Thy short New York City. earthly ministry Thou didst send forth small groups of Thy messengers in "OUR ASIATIC CHRIST" the comradeship of service through- out the small country of Thine incar- In this little book of 180 pages Pro- nation to prepare the way for the fessor Buck gives us one of his choice Kingdom of God. descriptions of the new way in which India is laying hold upon the We thank Thee and rejoice that Christ. ever since, in Thine eternal ministry of Heaven, Thou are continually In his first chapter we are shown touching the hearts of men and women how attracted the intelligentsia of everywhere, and art inspiring them to India are by Jesus Christ whom she carry the good news of Thy Kingdom has taken to her heart as one of her to the uttermost parts of the world. own true sons. The story of the return of Christ to Asia is told from We praise Thee afresh that the beginning of Catholic and Protestant effort to the present time. "As o'er each continent and island The dawn leads on another day The four succeeding chapters deal The voice of prayer is never silent. with the fact that Christ in a unique Nor dies the strain of praise away. way does not destroy but fulfills the And hour by hour fresh lips are making great ideals of Hinduism. Thy wondrous doings heard on high."

II. Jesus and Ahimsa: How He Our gratitude flows forth to Thee overcame by gentleness. in unbounded measure that on this day which has just dawned, Christian III. The Yoga of Jesus: How He women throughout the entire world was bound by a love that would not are lifting their hearts to Thee in let Him go. prayer for Missions which means the extension of Thy Kingdom of love IV. Jesus the Jiwanmukta: How everywhere in the hearts of mankind. He realized God in this life. o our Father, help us to realize V. Jesus and Ananda: How He drank of the fountains of joy. what infinite power is released by. this world-wide prayer for Missions, but It is inevitable that India will claim at the same time, dear Father, quicken Christ as one of her own great teach- within us the tremendous responsiers along with the others whom she bility of prayer, and so wilt Thou venerates. We cannot prevent this make us ever ready to be used of Thee even if we would. But the question as channels of this divine power howis: Will Christ remain there as a light ever Thou dost reveal it to us as a or will He inevitably become the light challenge to increase of prayer and of lights by His own shining? service in our own lives.

India will claim Christ as an Asiatic May we together utter the prayer and she will make her own interpreta- of the Kingdom with a fresh realizations. tion of the depth of its meaning: For those who work in India and "Our Father which art in Heaven, for all who love the Orient this book hallowed be Thy name. Thy Kingdom will illumine our task and give us con- come, Thy will be done in earth as it fidence that the Spirit of God is mov- is in Heaven. Give us this day our ing mightily in this hardest of all daily bread. And forgive us our debts mission fields. as we forgive our debtors. And lead us not into temptation but deliver us ELIZABETH C. FLEMING. from evil, for Thine is the Kingdom and the power and the glory forever." FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22ND ST., NEW YORK A WOMAN'S SPHERE one of the best. There was a delegated They talk about a woman's sphere registration of 115, presided over by As if it had a limit; Mrs. F. W. Wilcox, Vice-President-at- Large. The officers of the Councii, There's not a place in earth or heaven, both volunteer and executive, were all There's not a task to mankind given, continued in office. There's not a blessing or a woe, There's not a whisper, yes or no, Splendid advance was reported in many phases and activities, among There's not a life, nor death, nor birth, them the rapidly increasing observ- ance of the World Day of Prayer and That has a feather's weight of worth Without a woman in it.

-Selected.

THE ANNUAL MEETING-AND the almost phenomenal progress dur- AFTER ing the year in getting in touch with local women's interdenominational Because of recognized need that the groups. Between 350 and 400 groups Council of Women for Home Missions were on the list a year ago; now 850 confer closely with the Federation of which carryon varied activities, and Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions 280 additional which annually observe of North America in regard to most only the Day of Prayer. The Chairimportant relationships, policies and man of the Committee on World Day programs, and realization that close of Prayer made the suggestion at the relationships with the Home Missions annual meetings of both Federatior Council necessitated united conference and Council that the sunset hour on and planning, the Council did not until every Sunday be observed as a time of a late date determine whether to meet prayer. If this is generally observed, in Atlantic City with the Federation the earth will be banded with definite or Cleveland with the Home Missions prayer for the advancement of the Council. It was finally decided that Kingdom not only on the World Day members of the Executive Committee of Prayer but once each week.

hold informal joint conference at Atlantic City and that the Annual Meet- WODlen'. Organized InterdenoDlina- ing be at Cleveland. Mrs. John Fer- tiona! Work guson, President, sailed for South One of the most important matters America four days before the Annual considered looked toward the "joint Meeting, and other important members development of an inclusive program of the Executive Committee were pre- for local interdenominational groups vented from attending because of of church women," as had been ear- distant trips. In planning for the nestly requested by the Conference on Cleveland meetings major emphasis Women's Organized Interdenomina- was placed upon the National Church tional Work held in St. Louis, Mis- Comity Conference which immediate- souri, May 31-June 1, 1927. This ly preceded the annual meetings of the conference was the third, the others three bodies calling that conference- having been in Pittsburgh, December, Home Missions Council, Council of 1924, and Cleveland, June, 1926. Re- Women for Home Missions, and Fed- quests in the St. Louis Findings had eral Council of the Churches of Christ led to the formation of a committee in America-and the annual meetings composed of representatives of all of were somewhat minimized. the groups directly related which met Notwithstanding these adverse fac- in December in New York. Recom- tors this Annual Meeting proved to be mendations from this meeting are now 314 being considered by each of the Home Missions moved their national groups. The Annual Meeting spent offices to the same building with the considerable time going over them Federal Council in order to give physmost carefully. The next Conference ical evidence of the new relationship on Women's Organized Interdenomina- between the three bodies. tional Work will be held in Buffalo in June in connection with the meeting Joint Action with Home Mi••io… of the Association of Executive Secretaries of Federations and Councils (louncil of Churches. In joint session with the Home Mis- Relationships, both internal and sions Council the findings of the with other bodies had been studied Comity Conference were approved, induring the year, resulting in some cluding a five-year program of survey changes in titles, as well as adapta- and adjustment in the field of comity. tions of policies and programs. The Fuller mention and later developments Work among Farm and Cannery Mi- regarding comity will be reported in grants has now been renamed Migrant Work. Emphasis is placed upon stim- the REVIEW from time to time. ulation of local and regional groups to realize the problem of migratory labor Dr. King in his report to the Home and to initiate and carry forward Missions Council included the follow- Christian social service in their own ing: districts, the Council continuing to conduct experimental stations for I would like to see this Council endemonstration purposes. large its program so as to provide, either through an existing committee, or a new Most cordial and satisfactory rela- one, for the promotion of the cause of Home Missions in the largest and most tionship is maintained with the Mis- inclusive meaning of the term, among sionary Education Movement in the the youth of our land. preparation, publishing, and distribution of study books for all ages. Un- Not only do our young people need to fortunately no official representative be enlightened and enlisted in Home Misof that body could be present at the sions-the time seems to be ripe for Annual Meeting. Greetings were some supreme effort on the part of Protbrought in person by Mrs. W. E. Geil, estantism to capture the attention of the President, and Mrs. L. J. P. Bishop, entire nation to the Home Mission task representing Miss Ella D. MacLaurin, and to challenge the Church with the programs of the Boards for the making Executive Secretary of the Federation of America a Christian nation. of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America; Rev. Samuel To this end a great national Home McCrea Cavert, General Secretary of Mission Congress two years hence would the Federal Council of the Churches be advisable. This should be preceded of Christ in America; Rev. Ernest M. by and prepared for by some thorough- Halliday and Rev. William R. King going work of several commissions to for the Home Missions Council, the study and report on the various aspects latter having recently become Execu- of the Home Mission task, such as: tive Secretary of that Council. I. The Task of Home Missions. During the year only two joint com- II. The Administration of Home Mismittees with the Home Missions Council dealing with areas of service had sions. functioned – Indian Missions and III. The Church and Home Missions. New Americans. Separate articles on IV. The Young People and Home Misthese will be in the REVIEW at a later sions. date. V. Comity and Cooperation in Home On May 1st the Home Missions Missions. Council and the Council of Women for VI. Home Missions and the World.

Such a congress should enlist the co- operation of the three Councils-the Home Missions Council, the Council of Women for Home Missions, a;nd the Fed- eral Council of the Churches of Christ in America. Such a congress might in- clude the interests of the young people, functioning through the commission of young people, or it might seem wise to have a separate conference for students similar to the Detroit gathering.

I submit these suggestions for your of war as a means of adjusting differconsideration. If they are approved, I ences of opinion between nations. would recommend that the Council o"' Women for Home Missions and the Fed- 3. Expression of approval of the Bureral Council of the Churches of Christ ill. ton resolution looking to an embargo on America be invited to cooperate ill. the the shipment of arms and munitions to movement, and that the whole matter be countries in belligerency in violation of referred to a special committee, which treaty agreements. shall act jointly with a like number from each of the other Councils, as a 4. Assistance in pressure for adherjoint Committee of Arrangements with ence of the United States to the World power to appoint commissions, build pro- Court. grams and make all other arrangements for the Congress. In addition- The holding of such a congress was 1. That the Council stand ready to asheartily approved by the two Councils sist in any further campaign for the in joint session. The Council of ratification of the federal Child Labor Women for Home Missions also placed Amendment, and in other legislative efspecific emphasis upon the importance forts for the improvement of conditions of relating students to missionary in- concerning child labor. terests. 2. Opposition to amendment or repea1 Identical Action with Federation of of the Volstead Law.

WODlan's Boards of Foreign Missions 3. Endorsement of the Borah resolu- tion for the outlawry of war when that That as one of the nine groups form- measure becomes an active issue. ing the National Committee on the Cause and Cure of War, we make its program States whose legislatures are or a more effective part of our work, includ- will be in session this year and which, ing study and action along the lines of therefore, may consider ratification of security, arbitration and disarmament, the Federal Child Labor Amendment the foreign policy of the United States are Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachuin regard to the Philippines, China, setts, Mississippi, New Jersey, New Japan, Latin America and international York, Rhode Island, South Carolina debts. We suggest as a practical step and Virginia. Constituencies in those that the conclusions reached at the con- states have this immediate special opference on January 15 to 19, 1928, at portunity to assist in securing ratifi- Washington be at once taken nationally cation. and 'locally for very careful study and for action. And Af:ter That we cooperate with and encourage It now remains for "the constituthose educational movements that are ency"-for you-to make operative seeking to develop peace and right in- these recommendations. One of the terracial attitudes among our children. great dangers inherent in "resolu- tions" is that after they are passed, That in the face of the bewildering they may go into the oblivion of the and baffling problems connected with the past and not live actively. National above and the need for releasing greater bodies may "pass resolutions" and spiritual forces, the noon hour be used "take action" but real significance is as a time for prayer for peace. manifested only when you and I in our state, in our local community, in Other Legislative Matters our church, in our own lives make them effective. If our racial, interna- Approval was voted of the follow- tional, industrial, denominational attiing recommendations brought by the tudes and relationships are unaffected, Chairman of the Committee on Legis- of what avail will the resolutions be? lative Matters: There has been space here only for For immediate action- the bare recital of actions taken. Clothe these facts and bring them to 1. Pressure on increased appropria- the attention of all groups you touch tions for teachers' salaries in government or influence, meditate upon them, bear schools for the Indians, that the best them in prayer, search your own heart types of men and women may be se- -and behold what great things will cured for those positions. be wrought!

2. Expression of approval of the Kellogg treaties looking to the elimination

AND MALAYSIA sided one evening at a Christian meet-

Indian Christian Patriotism ing where two hundred of the edu- AT AN "All-India" conference of In- cated Mohammedans and Hindus had 1'. dian Christians, held in Allaha- gathered in a large tent, where we were camping, to listen to Christian bad, B. L. Rallia Ram concluded his addresses and Christian music. These address as presiding officer as follows: people sat for two hours listening to "Let us remind ourselves that we have the gospel message and at the close come here as Indians and as Chris- more than a score of them bought gostians. There is a school of thought pel portions to read at their leisure." that always advocates the slogan, 'Let us be Indians first and Hindus, Moslems and Sikhs and Christians after- Over 1,000 Chamars Baptized R wards,' while others maintain, 'We EV. P. D. PHILLIPS, of the Meth- odist Episcopal Mission at Bijnor, should be Christians and Hindus and Moslems first and Indians afterwards.' United Provinces, India, reports the They may be right or wrong. For conversion during the past year of Christians there is no choice. We members of seven different castes. He must be Indians and Christians at the continues: "After years of labor we same time. We cannot be loyal to our have now the satisfaction of witness- Master and be untrue to India. We ing the true beginnings of the mass cannot be true Christians and be un- movement work among the Chamars patriotic. Our patriotism must be in of the district who are 135,000 in consonance with Jesus' teaching, with number. I hardly know of any in- His standards of life and ethics, and stance when only a single Chamar was with His call for unselfish service. baptized or even small groups of them.

The measure of our loyalty to the Lord When they come they come in large Jesus Christ is the measure of our loy- numbers, as we have seen on many alty to our Motherland." occasions. This year the number of their baptisms ran up to 1,059 which India'. Debt to Miwsionarie. surpasses all previous records. I have REV. J. N. WEST, a missionary of expressed my heartfelt sorrow to a the Methodist Episcopal Church number of them as they have described in Shahjahanpur, United Provinces, to me the outrages and insults in- India, quotes the following tribute to flicted on them for embracing the missionary work: "When the history Christian faith by their landlords, unof India shall be really written, a large der the evil influence of the Aryas place will have to be given to the work who are our most powerful enemies of the Christian missionaries. The in the district."

best we have, we got from them. The high thoughts and the moral ideals of Outcastc Though Educated our Gandhi and our Rabinadrath Ta- AN INDIAN preacher in Mysore, gore were taught to them by mission- 1'. South India, writes of the fetters aries." He continues: "These are not with which Indian custom still binds the words of a Christian. They were those of outcaste origin: "The Gov- uttered by a learned Hindu, an official ernment, of course, has made some in government service. And he re- provision to educate the outcastes, but peated this sentiment when he pre- nothing to destroy the barrier. As we 317

entered an outcaste village, a number make a study of the churches of North of young men were :§itting together India and find how in all of them, and we stopped to talk with them. Methodist, Presbyterian, Anglican and One who spoke English fluently Roman Catholic in all parts of the said that he and others of them had North, there are groups that trace been students in the Panchama Board- back to the movement a generation ing School. He said that they were ago. If you would make your study trying to improve their condition, that complete go to other parts of India, they had given up their unclean habits and even to Malaysia, England and and customs and that they had noth- America. And when you are making ing to do with that pernicious evil, your study go not exclusively to the'

drink. 'And now,' said the mission- places where the depressed classes live,'

ary, 'you have come back to your vil- for most of those who have moved out lage, what do you intend to do l' The of the villages where they and their young man's face became pale and ancestors were oppressed and de- serious and he said that he must live pressed have also moved upward so- outside the village because of his caste. cially, culturally and economically as In spite of his education and improved well as spiritually. Go to the railway habits, the caste people despised him shops, to government offices, to the because he is outcaste." courts, to hospitals, to schools and col- leges, to churches and parsonages, and In1luential College Graduates to homes of culture."

MADRAS CHRISTIAN COLLEGE A Brahmin. Christian'. Witness has reason to be proud of its pupils. Throughout the Presidency the 1'HE dramatic way in which a Brah- Christian graduates exert great influ- min village chief proved, by drinkence in many walks of life. When in ing water out of a missionary's glass December. 1926. a new ministry was when he was baptized, that he had formed, everyone of the three minis- thrown away all caste prejudice was ters proved to be an old boy of the described in the August, 1927, RE- College. On the Governor's Executive VIEW. Rev. C. W. Posnett, of the Eng- Council sits a fourth old boy, While in lish Wesleyan Mission at Medak, who the Legislative Council almost thirty baptized him, tells of visiting a cerof the one hundred elected Indian seats tain village while on tour and says of are filled by alumni of the College. this man: "He lived twenty miles One afternoon lately the Principal was away from this village, but he had called to the telephone. The speaker heard of my coming, and he had travwas the Minister for Education, who elled aU through the night in order to stated that he had just passed through be with us and to encourage the new the Legislative Council a supplemen- beginners. I was talking to him, and tary grant of Rs. 20,000 for his Alma found that after he got home last May Mater. It was a kindly act of Sir A. he had invited all the outcaste Chris- Parasuramdas Patro, whose devotion tians to his sacred Brahmin house. to the College has never flagged since Then he had called all the caste Hindus he went through its classes over thirty of his village; and there, before them years ago. 2011, he bad boldly declared himself a Fruits of Early Mass Movement. follower of Jesus, and had actually PEOPLE who appraise the mass been having caste and outcaste in his movements a generation ago on the own big courtyard for a service on basis of present conditions in the vil- Sunday morning. Only those who lages make a great mistake, in the know the pride of birth and the opinion of the editor of the Indian sacredness of a Brahmin home can Witness, who says: "If you are estimate the wonder of this great con- tempted to disparage mass movements fession."

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Malaysian Pastors' Institute also be used to estabiish scholarships A TEN-DAY training institute for at the women's colleges in India. Malaysian pastors, held by American missionaries in Singapore of the Jail Preaching in Ceylon I Methodist Episcopal Church, presented T IS the conviction of Rev. G. Dal- some interesting problems. "One of ton Lemphers, missionary of the these," writes H. B. Arnstut, "is our United Presbyterian Church in Cey- language difficulties. We have a most lon, that "no evangelistic work in the cosmopolitan group, each one still re- world is so interesting and blessed as taining and often speaking only his prison work." He says: "I count it a mother tongue. Here we heard a very great privilege to have the op- Batak playing the organ and singing portunity regularly to visit the jails the fine hymns of the Gospel with his in the city of Colombo and conduct rich baritone voice. We marvel when services. As most of the men are able we think that his forefathers but a to speak English, it is not difficult to short fifty years ago were fierce can- have a real live evangelistic service nibals. . One morning we heard a and spend a helpful hour with them.

Straitsborn Chinese speak in Malay, There are a few nominal Christians, on another day a Tamil in English, Buddhists-in the majority-Hindus again a Chinese in Hokien, Cantonese and Mohammedans-the last named or Foochow dialects. We try to stim- but a few. What a world of ideas, ulate to read and study, to show them hopes and thoughts these men repre- how to use the Bible and properly un- sent! …… A good many of those who derstand it, to train them in church have been led to Christ are now out technique. The thing we want to do of jail and leading good and honorable most of all is to encourage them to lives.

develop indigenous forms of worship and not to follow our Western forms." CHINA AND TIBET New Bible HOWIe in Peking T T A Pandita Ramabai Memorial HE ceremony of laying the corner- HE American Ramabai Associa- stone of this building was wit- tion was organized a generation nessed by a large and representative ago, when the late Pandita Ramabai group of Chinese, American, British came to the United States and set and European Christians. Dr. Y. Y.

forth her plans for rescuing the child Tsu, director of religious work in the widows of India. The American As- Peking Union Medical College, offered sociation now proposes to sell the prayer. Mr. Wu Leichuan, vice-pres- Sharada Sadan school in Poona, val- ident of Yenching University and a ued at $30,000, and with the help highly respected Chinese Christian of gifts from friends in America, scholar, laid the stone and delivered England, Australia and New Zealand, an able and scholarly address, which to erect a memorial building at Wil- revealed a deep appreciation of the son College, Bombay, the cost of which Christian Scriptures. He was intro- will be about $100,000. The building duced by the Rev. G. Carleton Lacy, is to be used as a hostel or boarding Agency Secretary of the American Bi- hall for young women students, the ble Society. The building, which is to child widow to be given preference if be erected at a cost of $50,000 gold, is such apply, the high-caste girl given of Chinese architecture. Ample ac- next preference, and they are to be commodations will be provided for allowed the privilege that they had salesroom, offices, and godown, to during Ramabai's life of retaining carry on the distribution of more than their religious beliefs and customs un- a million volumes of Scriptures each less they prefer to accept the Chris- year. In addition, there will be astian faith. Certain vested funds will sembly and committee rooms, a Ii-

brary, and a vault to provide for the the foreign missionaries. These meet- safe-keeping of the valuable manu- ings went on faithfully through the scripts and plates owned by the So- summer months, and on one occasion ciety. of special difficulty for one of the mis- sion girls' schools, they held a three S,peech by General Ohang days' fast. Others were interested in ATESTIMONIAL dinner at which their attitude, and some of the mem- 150 were present has been given bers of the church, who desired to unby certain Christian organizations in dertake a definite piece of missionary Shanghai to General Chang Djih Ki- work, opened a preaching place on a ang, Feng Yu Hsiang's chief of staff, busy road near the railway station.

whose outstanding Christian char- Very successful meetings are being acter was referred to in the March held there, and those who attend reg- REVIEW. Rev. A. R. Kepler, executive ularly are encouraged to become en- secretary of the General Council of the quirers for church membership."

newly-established Church of Christ in China, writes of the occasion: "Gen- Christian Endeavor in China T eral Chang is undoubtedly one of the HROUGH the Boston Ghristian Endeavor headquarters the pupils most earnest Christians that I have met in many moons. He is a great of the Gedik Pasha American School general, but I believe that he is a big- in Constantinople sent sometime ago ger preacher even than a soldier. In a gift of money to be used to help the course of his address, which was Christian Endeavor work in China.

applauded over and over again by the The letter written in reply by the Chi- dinner guests, General Chang re- nese secretary reads in part as fol- marked that Christ told His disciples lows: "We thank you, for remember- that they must expect persecution, just ing Christian Endeavor in China, and as Christ Himself was persecuted, and we pray that God may bless you more that He pronounced a blessing on and more. The total number of Chi- those who were persecuted without nese Junior Christian Endeavor so- cause. It is most important, there- cieties recorded in 1925 was five hun- fore, for Christians so to live the dred. The members were about 2.500.

Christ-like life as to give no cause Nearly all of them could lead in a worthy of persecution. He made a short prayer. We also have issued a passionate appeal for courageous book of Bible reading-lessons. I know Christian living and unflinching wit- that many members are reading the nessing to the winsomeness of the Bible daily. Junior societies in China Christian life." are among the brightest spots in mis- sion work. If there are some grown- Ningpo Ohristian Women Loyal up people in the society to take up the MISS MABEL FORTUNE, an Eng- leadership, then the Juniors can speak lish Methodist missionary, writes a few words. I am also told by sevfrom Ningpo: "We are fortunate in eral leaders that the members under having in our church here a group of thirteen years of age during the evan- staunch, loyal women, whose history gelizing period are able to make testi- dates back to the days of our earliest monies before the audience."

missionaries, and who have an un- broken record of service. When all The Chinese "Reading Public"

R was confusion last year and mission- EV. CARLETON LACY, Secretary of the China Agency of the Ameraries had to leave, these women formed a prayer union. They met ican Bible Society, commenting on the twice a week in the little community sale of 4,000,000 copies of the Scrip- church, and prayed earnestly for the tures in China in a year, says: "The peace of their country, for the triumph majority of Chinese are not personally of Christianity, and for the return of vitally interested in the world-stirring

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

events that have been taking place. in Mongolia before he founded the Millions are not intelligently aware of' Peking Medical College, now conducted these events. A way from the main by the Rockefeller Foundation, said arteries of trade and the large com- that there is an area of 3,000,000 mercial and political centers, the vast square miles with a population of 47,- argicultural and laboring population 000,000 people, practically unevan- is neither anti-Christian nor anti-for- gelized. There is a handful of mis- eign. There is, however, a steadily de- sionaries in Mongolia, a few Swedes veloping interest in larger spheres of in Turkestan and two British men life. There is a steadily growing missionaries at Urumchi. Miss Ra- reading pUblic. And there is an ever- chel Wingate, who is connected with widening Christian sphere of influ- the Swedish Mission, is the only Brit- ence. So, when the paid colporteur or ish woman worker. This is all in the the voluntary lay worker comes into great land bounded by India, Afghan- village or market place with the istan, Russia, Siberia and China.

bright-covered little gospel, he re- Miss Mildred Cable also spoke at the ceives a cordial welcome and his books meeting. She and her two compan- are more than ever in demand." ions were the first white women to make the adventurous journey across Chinese Ways of Worship the desert of Gobi and Turkestan to AN ARTICLE in The Green Year, the Siberian border. They found .f. published by the Y. W. C. A. of there among the Nogai tribe the de- China, tells of a Christian group in scendants of the Hungarian women Shanghai which meets every Sunday taken back to Central Asia by the evening and is experimenting in try- Mongol invaders of the Middle Ages.

ing to find Chinese forms for Chris- tian worship, including a ritual for JAPAN-KOREA taking communion. The article continues: "A student secretary comes Spiritual Hunger in Japan in from Canton telling of the Sunset Service held each week at Lingnan T HIS past year in Japan, reports University, when candles and incense Miss Grace Hereford, of Osaka, interpret Christian communion with has been one of restlessness, of dissat- God in a Chinese pattern. From the isfaction with things as they are, and north come similar tales of new ex- consequently, a year of opportunities periments among sensitive and rever- for work for Christ. Homes are beent young Chinese Christians. One ing opened to those who will enter and of the newest Chinese hymnals in- teach, because parents realize the dancludes several hymns based on Chi- gers of the age for their young peonese music. Now and then we hear ple, and having found all else to fail, of the conducting of the marriage are eager to "try" Christianity. This service in forms more suitable to Chi- new attitude is evidenced by the spenese thought. The Chinese Christian cial evangelistic meetings that have Church, which for years has been try- been held during the year in most of ing to break through the limits of the churches of the city, in many of imported forms of worship, is begin- the Christian schools in that section ning to create its own ways of seek- of the country, and in the Osaka City ing followship with God." Hall. These meetings have drawn crowds and many inquirers and ad- ditions to the church have resulted.

Central Asia Unevangelized Miss Hereford quotes a woman evan- .tT A meeting in London which had gelist as saying: .f. as its subject the challenge which The women of Japan are reaching out Central Asia offers to the Christian more and more for the knowledge of the Church, Dr. Thomas Cochrane, editor love of God: there is a heart-hunger and of World Dominion, and a missionary searching that I have never seen before in the many years I have been working. 5

A Christian Wedding Enough the actual clinical application of medi- cine, especially in connection with mod- T HE bride in a recent wedding in ern hospitalization and nursing, has Japan was a graduate of a Baptist never been developed as in Western mission school, and the groom a countries, and is still far below the best teacher. Both insisted on having a modern standards. Christian wedding. The parents understood their feeling, but fearing the Boys' Brass Band Draws Crowd opposition of the large number of Buddhist relatives, gave their consent PRESBYTERIAN workers in Syenonly on condition that after the Chris- chun, Korea, took advantage of the tian (;eremony they should be married evangelistic opportunity offered by a according to Japanese custom. The large industrial and agricultural ex- hibit recently held there. A small Christian marriage service was held brass band in the boys' academy made a circuit of the business block every in the groom's home with relatives of evening and large crowds of curious people fell in behind them both bethe bride and groom present. At the cause of the attraction of the novelty and to see what they were "advertiscompletion of the Christian wseernvticte~ ing." As they turned into the gate of the members of both families the court yard at the end of their cir- cuit the crowds followed. Workers the bride's home for the Japanese cer- were outside the gate also to encour- age the timid ones to enter. These emony. Everything was ready, the crowds stood every evening for two hours or more listening to the preachgUEsts were waiting, when the head of ing of the Gospel. At the six preach- ing stations about 30,000 tracts and the relatives arose and said "For the penny Gospels were distributed.

nrst time I' have witnessed a Chris- tian wedding. After such a beautiful, solemn ceremony I feel no other is needed." All the relatives agreed, and the family proceeded at once to the wedding feast.

Nurses' Traihing in Japan Korean Leaders in Training T HE first college of nursing in REV. T. STANLEY SOLTAU Japan now is operating at St. writes from Chungju, Korea: Luke's International Hospital, carried "On my first visit to one village four on in Tokyo by the Protestant Epis- years ago (it was the first time that copal Church, as the result of a recent a foreign missionary had been there decision of the Educational Ministry to hold a service) I stood in a dark to raise the status of that school. The ?orner o.f a room with my head bumpdecision of the Government to recog- mg agamst the ceiling, and preached nize St. Luke's institution as the first while peeping over the top of a sheet college of its kind in the Empire prob- which had been stretched across the ably will make that school the basis room to prevent the men from seeing for the education of a modern nursing the women. Small boys squatted on staff throughout Japan. It is the first the floor between my legs and a few time that the Government has recog- interested men stood outside the door. nized the necessity for authorizing a That house is now a very satisfactory nursing school of any kind. The church building, and from that little 'Course of study is for three years, and church have come out three of the one year extra for those taking spe- most promising young men that we cial higher training. No girl is ad- have in the whole province, all of mitted without a high-school diploma. whom eventually hope to go into the Dr. R. B. Tesuler, head of the hospital, ministry. Two of them are now consays: ducting little schools and acting as leaders in other churches at a barely The professional qualifications of the living wage, rather than accept a rephysicians of Japan are on a par with spectable salary and go into governthe most advanced scientific and academic work anywhere in the world, but

1928J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ment service where their Christian and compulsory vaccination is strictly influence cannot count for so much." enforced. There is no prohibition question in Davuilevu. It must be Christian Literature in Korea settled outside the town. Every stu- AFTER a careful survey of the books dent who seeks citizenship in this re- .tl. and magazines now available in markable town must certify that, for the Korean language today, Rev. W. him, liquor and tobacco are taboo."

M. Clark, D.D., writes: "The Korean people are largely voiceless so far as Medical Service by Aeroplane important literary contributions in AN INTERESTING extension of the their own language is concerned. Indeed, we are almost tempted to won- .tl. inland mission work in South der whether, without the help of the comparatively large mass of Chris- Australia has been reported; namely, tian books and especially of the trans- the establishment of an aerial medical lation of the Bible into the vernacular, service for the benefit of people in the Korean language would survive "the never-never land." Operations very much longer as a medium of lit- are to begin on April 1st, but already erary expression. Perhaps the Bible the doctor has had the opportunity of in Korean is destined to have the same testing the efficacy of his plane by conserving force for the Korean lan- bringing in a patient with a broken guage that Luther's translation of the back who otherwise could not have Bible into German had for literary been moved. The aeroplane is fitted German-and this in spite of literary up as an ambulance, and in addition defects in the present translation. to the pilot there is accommodation Even non-Christian educated Koreans for doctor, nurse, and one patient. often freely acknowledge the debt that Wireless is to be used where there is Korean language and literature owe no telegraph or telephone. "The virto Christianity." The Christian Lit- tue of the service," comments the erature Society is almost the sole Record of the United Free Church of source of Christian books in Korea. Scotland, "will be to give the lonely settlers a sense of security and elimi- nate that feeling which is so often a terror. 'What will happen if-?'

ISLANDS OF THE SEA This kind of service is the first that Educational Center in Fiji has been undertaken in any country."

AUSTRALIAN Methodists conduct ft missionary work in the Fiji Is- The Future Filipino Church R lands, and in one town, Davuilevu, are EV. E. K. HIGDON, a Manila pastor, now acting president of a teacher-training school, a theological school and other educational insti- the union theological seminary in that tutions. Christopher Sharp writes of city, writes: "In the Philippine Is- the town: "Education was never in lands, the native Christian is given closer alliance with the soil than it is opportunity to bring his religious at Davuilevu. Every student, and genius to bear on the task of estab- dozens of them are married, with lishing the Church of his Lord in the families, must grow his own food. In land he loves. To this undertaking he fact, the maintenance of the food sup- brings many of the Christian virtues ply is the supreme civic problem: No developed to a remarkable degree.

food, no school. All are bound to Reverence, hospitality, liberality, fam- share in such necessary town work as ily solidarity-these are everyday the maintenance of roads and bridges demonstrations of practical Chris- and drains, the care of buildings and tianity which all fair-minded foreign- grounds. A native medical practi- ers recognize in the Filipino. This is tioner and a nurse attend to the health the stuff from which the future of the town. Every year there is a Church is being built. The future of wholesale inoculation against typhoid, the Church in the Philippines will be

determined by Filipino and American which the undergraduates of Drew Christians working together. They Theological Seminary and the Boston supplement and complement each other University School of Theology are also in a serious endeavor to understand to be given an opportunity to sign. It the mind of Jesus and to perfect a reads in part: type of institution that will best enable the heart and will of Christ to Be it Resolved, function in the individual and collec- 1. That the General Conference aptive life." point a commission to consider organic union with other denominations; Industrial Training in Papua 2. That the General Conference ex- tend to the Congregational Church, to I NDUSTRIAL or technical training the Presbyterian Church in the United has long been considered by the States, to the Presbyterian Church in the London Missionary Society an essen- United States of America, to the Methotial part of its work in New Guinea. dist Episcopal Church, South, and to any At Isuleilei, Fife Bay, writes C. F. other denomination desiring seriously to Rich, "the work, however, has always consider organic church union, an invitabeen hampered by want of equipment, tion to choose like commissions respecbuildings, and time, on the part of the tively; and missionary with multifarious duties, 3. That from the commissions thus to give to the teaching. There have chosen a joint commission be formed for been about a hundred boys and girl& the purpose of recommending to the parwaiting for this teaching, all splendid ticipating churches for their constitumaterial for a technical school." The tional action a definite plan of organic Government, which has recently been union. introducing more training of this type into its own schools, sent a technical Bible Reading -in Public Schools school expert to examine the work being done at this mission station, and, T EN states by law require Bible as a result of his report offered £700 reading in the schools. Seven speto build and equip a proper technical cifically permit Bible reading. In school, and offered further to pay the twenty-three states Bible reading is salary of a qualified instructor to take permitted under general terms of the charge of it. Mr. Rich says: law or by reason of failure to refer to it. Bible reading is not permitted A saw-mill was installed first, and under the present interpretation of with it all wood, used in the construction the state constitution or statutes in of the school proper, has been cut. Boat- eight states. This summary of the building and repairing is perhaps the present status of the Bible in the most useful department of the school. schools is based upon data furnished Many Papuans own small boats. To the by the United States Bureau of Edu- Fife Bay School they may bring their cation. The number of states which boats, and have them set in order by require Bible reading in the schools Papuans, at a price well within their is increasing. Four years ago the reach. Shortly after the opening of the bureau published a bulletin outlining school a government schooner was sent the legal status of the Bible in the for repair, and the Director of Works schools. Since that time four states professed himself as more than satisfied Maine, Delaware, Kentucky and Idaho, with the character of the work done. have passed laws requiring Bible reading.

NORTH AMERICA Religious Education Foundation Students Seek Church Union ARECENTLY-inCOrporated bod Y with this name is sponsored by .cDRACTICALLY the entire student the Federal Council of Churches and body of Garrett Biblicai Institute the International Council of Religious at Evanston, Illinois, has signed a me- Education, and its purpose is to act as morial which is to be presented at the a central clearing-house for funds doforthcoming General Conference of nated for the dissemination of rethe Methodist Episcopal Church, and

ligious information. It is intended to the missionary in charge, holds welldo for Protestant religious education attended street meetings and factory what the Federation for the Support meetings, and distributes gospel litof Religious Philanthropic Societies erature from house to house. does for Jewish charity, and what the Congregation for the Propagation of Forty Years at Anvik, Alaska Faith does for Catholicism. The trustees are all business men who have T HE mission of the Protestant Episbeen active in church organizations. copal Church at Anvik, Alaska, has The secretary of the Foundation is completed the fortieth year of service Hugh S. Magill, general secretary of to the people. Rev. John Wight Chapthe International Council of Religious man, D.D., missionary in charge dur- Education. One of the trustees is ing that entire period, writes: "Poquoted as follows: lygamy, which was recognized and had something of a foothold, has disap- The need has been felt for a long time peared, and the institution of Christian for those interested in religion and re- marriage has entirely supplanted the ligious education to make their gifts former system of loose relationships. cover a broad field rather than some This has resulted, in many instances, particular denomination. Because of the in preserving the family life. Very lack of such an organization, many gifts few have been deprived of the Holy have gone elsewhere. Communion for practices unworthy of Christian character. Many whose The Religious Education Foundation, light does not shine brightly have been will, therefore, aid greatly the work of borne with and some who have been the denominational agencies by distrib- deprived have been restored. With uting to them, in due proportion and con- few exceptions, the people among whom sidering the wishes of the donor, these we live have been baptized and have resources which would otherwise have had their children baptized. The been lost. school has been, undoubtedly, a great help to the people. The boys and girls Southern Methodist Jubilee who have been with us in the past are now scattered far and wide and are THE Woman's Missionary Society making good records." of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, is celebrating this year its Church Gro",th in Wyoming fiftieth Anniversary. This society has done a notable work for Christ DURING the two years that Rev. and humanity, at home and abroad. A. O. Browne, D.D., has been pas- Cuban Children in Florida tor of the Midwest Parish in Wyom- ing there have been fourteen hundred FOR a number of years there have accessions to the church. The major- lived in one section of West Tampa, ity have come, the records show, on Florida, eight thousand Spanish- confession or reaffirmation of faith. speaking people who are employed in When Dr. Browne entered the field the the cigar factories. They have, as a membership was twenty-seven. Midclass, apparently broken away from west is the center and heart of a disthe Roman Catholic Church and from trict covering six hundred square all other religious influences. As a miles, extending from a great electric rule, both parents work during the power plant on the north to the celeday and the children would be left to brated Teapot Dome on the south. their own devices, if it were not for Scattered throughout the field are the Latin American Institute, a Con- forty or fifty oil camps, villages of gregational mIssIOnary enterprise. from fifty to five hundred persons. There is a day school, which is very About 15,000 people live in this diswell attended, a kindergarten: Sun- trict, Midwest itself having a populaday services are held regularly; there tion of 5,000. The Presbyterian is a good and growing Sunday-school. The people are interested because their children are, and Rev. Carl H. Corwin,

Church, by allocation .of the Home prior to union, were Presbyterian. In Missions Council of Wyoming, is the such churches women were ineligible only church on the field. to election as members of Session.

Christian Japanese Students LATIN AMERICA AMONG the activities carried on by A Porto Rican Woman's Gift ft the Japanese Students' Christian AGIFT of nine dollars, token of gratitude of a poor Porto Rico Association in America are two pub- woman for hospital treatment many lications, New Japan, a bi-monthly years ago, was recently received by magazine edited by students, and the the Presbyterian Hospital; San Juan, Student Bulletin, 3,000 copies of which Porto Rico. It was delivered by the are distributed free to all Japanese woman's husband, the woman herself students and their friends, both Amer- having died seven years ago. She had ican and Japanese, in America and in been a patient in a ward, and when Japan. It is the only English pub- sent home, had gone with a grateful lication which every month reaches heart for the care she had received. every Japanese student in North When some time later she died, she America. The J. S. C. A. both or- exacted of her husband the promise ganizes its own conferences and co- which has just been fulfilled. "With operates with American agencies to a part of the money," says Miss Jeninvite Japanese students to such gath- nie Ordway, superintendent of the erings as the student summer con- hospital, "we purchased Bibles for the ferences and the Detroit Convention. new class of nurses which entered in It also renders many practical serv- September. The rest will go toward ices to Japanese students who need buying Spanish tracts for use in the help and advice along various lines. hospital."

Women in the Canadian Church A Mexican Kindergartener ACOMMITTEE of the Un i ted MRS. W. A. ROSS, of the Southern Church of Canada which has been Presbyterian Church, thus deconsidering the question of the posi- cribes a Mexican young woman whom tion of women in church organization, she found in charge of a government has now recommended "that the dia- kindergarten in the city of Cuernaconate of women be recognized by the vaca, held in what had been formerly United Church as an order of the min- the house of a bishop but which had istry, with authority to perform such been taken over by the Federal Govpastoral duties as may be required, ernment: "This simpatica senorita and in particular to teach, to preach smiled as she told us that she had 114 and, where necessary, to baptize." children on her roll, with an average Also that, "Women, manifestly called attendance of seventy-five, and she the of God and adequately trained, be or- only teacher. She taught, she sang, dained to this office." It is further she played the piano, she was nurse, announced that if this should become she served the lunch, she taught unthe law of the Canadian Church, the til five in the afternoon. (In Mexico name of deaconess will in the future children go to school from early mornbe conferred only upon those who, ac- ing until late in the day.) Then she cording to this plan shall be ordained would go on Sunday to the prison and to the diaconate. The committee fur- teach the poor prisoners to read. She ther recommends that no action be said, 'I do this not for money but for now taken toward the ordination of love of country and God. I am a child women to the "ministry of the Word of the Sierra. I was poor, but I was and Sacraments." One of the un- fortunate to receive this training and solved problems in the United Church now my one desire is to help the unrelates to the place of women in local fortunate ones of my beloved patria.' " church government of churches which,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Teaching Yucatan Indians Ecuador Bans Only Priests R A EV. J. T. MOLLOY, D.D., who NEWS item in the January RE- rep res e n t s the Presbyterian VIEW told of a law in Ecuador Church (U. S. A.) in the peninsular which, according to the Latin Ameri- province of Yucatan, Mexico, writes can Evangelist, forbade the entrance of his work: "The Bible Training into that country of "ministers of any School takes up our best efforts, for denomination." The latter paper has the training of native workers is a now published a letter from Rev. W.

matter of first importance, but we E. Reed of Ecuador, part of which have many other forms of work. reads as follows: Forty-eight points in Yucatan and A law has been on the statute books Campeche were visited last year, some for a quarter of a century prohibiting of them many times. Maya Indians the immigration of foreign relilJiosos. form eighty-five per cent of the popu- The Government has had to strengthen lation of the Peninsula. Weare for- this law from time to time because of tunate that some of our best student- conspiracies involving the Roman Cathpreachers are Mayas and can give the olic Church which are traced to some for- Gospel to their people in their own eign ecclesiastics. The recent restatelanguage. One of these students was ment of the law took place after an aborformerly a very 'bad Indian,' but im- tive revolutionary movement in which mediately on his conversion began this class of foreigners was involved. It preaching to his people in his home is true that the law does not mention town. He and his wife are making the Catholic Church. but it refers inheroic sacrifices to enable him to work variably to men who have taken monashis way through the Bible Training tic vows and wear the garb of a priestly order. The missionary who comes with- out such vows and dress simply to prop- agate ideas is not classified as an ecclesi- astic or religioso. Being a man free to School." marry, rear children and be a good citi- zen in general who obeys the law and Walks Twenty Miles for a Sermon asks no special favors, he is not looked upon with disfavor. ONE of the greatest sources of en- couragement to Dr. Hardie and Protestant Teachers in Chile Rev. J. R. Woodson, Southern Presbyterian missionaries in the state of ONE result of the separation of Minas, Brazil, as they go on their long Church and State in Chile is thus trips visiting the fields is the eager- described by a missionary there: "The ness of the people to hear the Gospel. Government has decided not to pay Sometimes they will preach two or the priests who used to go into all the three times a day for several days in schools to give religious instruction, succession in different houses through but any priest who cares to give such the country. Many of the people will instruction voluntarily may have the follow them around for two or three use of the classrooms to teach those days, walking long distances. One who care to attend. Some of the Protman in the Carmo congregation walks estant leaders went to the President about ten miles to attend church when and asked him if equal privileges there is preaching. After the serv- would be given to the Protestants if a ices, he returns home, walking twenty sufficient number of pupils in a school miles in one day to hear a sermon. should ask them to come and teach Not long ago a man found himself them. The reply was a most emphatic four miles from the house where the affirmative."

midweek prayer meeting is held, half an hour before the hour to begin. EUROPE Knowing that he could not walk and Livingstone Memorial in Scotland R reach there in time, he ran the four EFERENCE was made in the RE- VIEW in November, 1926, to the miles in order not to be late to prayer meeting. plans for a Scottish national memorial

to David Livingstone at his early Evangelical Work in France home in Blantyre, near Glasgow. A TWENTY-THREE years ago Monrecent report describes the purchase sieur and Madame Henri Contesse, of the house in which he was reared, the latter a descendant of an old and the adjoining wooded park and Hugenot family, founded a magazine, river bank where he played as a boy. La Bonne Revue, which is said to be It is proposed to restore the house to the largest and best-known evangeliits original state as of 1813-30, and to cal paper in France, going to all parts make some necessary interior adjust- of the world where the French lanments in it and its neighbor. These guage is spoken. They have been livwhen completed will form a perma- ing for several years in Digne, in nent home for personal relics of Liv- southeastern France, the capital city' ingstone. Many such relics are read- of the department of the Bassesily available now which another gen- Alpes, and a Roman. Catholic strongeration will probably see scattered be- hold. A large number of souls have yond recovery. Another exhibit will been won for Christ; a chapel has show the vast developments in Africa been built, and each year a Bible conwhich followed Livingstone's dramatic ference is held where Christians from discoveries-panoramic scenes, relics, all over France gather for a week's maps, pictures, models. In these instruction in the Word of God. Anplans the missionary and geographical other feature of the work is the dissocieties have undertaken to cooper- tribution of the Scriptures and Scripate. The total sum considered neces- ture portions by a colporteur. An sary, including an endowment for evangelical hospital is now being built, maintenance is £12,000, and interested and an American committee is asking Americans are asked to send 'cheir for contributions to complete it. contributions to J. MacGregor Hart, 142 St. Vincent St., Glasgow, Scot- Czechoslovakian Protestants land. PRESIDENT MASARYK of the re- Gennan. Mission GroU'"th public of Czechoslovakia is quoted T HE work of the German mission by The Lutheran as authority for the societies has grown rapidly ever statement that 724,507 citizens have since their former fields have been re- left the Roman Catholic Church since the establishment of that republic. opened to them; but the strength does More than a half million of these have not seem to keep step with its growth. joined various Protestant churches, There are now less than half the which today total 990,319 members. number of missionaries who were at It is also reported from Czechoslowork before the war, and two-thirds vakia that the seminary course for as many native helpers, but the in- ministerial candidates has been increase of converts amounts to one- creased from four years to five years fourth. The expenses equal four- by the theological faculties at Prague fifths of the amounts expended before and OImuetz. This extension of the the war, while the income is only course has been particularly in order three-fifths of the amounts raised to emphasize sociology and philosophy, then. The total deficit of the GeTman subjects in which it is believed all fumission societies is now about one mil- ture pastors should be proficient. lion gold marks. There are at pres- ent 1,155 German missionaries at work in 535 stations and in 2,717 N eU'" Protestants in Poland A schools of primary grade and 80 N INTERESTING and significant movement is going on among the higher schools there are enrolled 160,- 000 pupils. Twenty-four medical mis- Ruthenian-speaking people in Galicia, sionaries and 100 sisters are at work Southern Poland, who belong to the in 25 hospitals. Un i a t or Greek-Catholic Church.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

From Galicia considerable numbers some emigrant newspapers we have emigrate to Canada and the United printed whole page sermons at re- States, and there they have come un- duced advertising rates. Lack of der Presbyterian influences. Some re- funds and proper helpers has preventturned to their native land, carrying ed us from doing more." with them the fire of the Reformed faith; many have responded to the AFRICA preaching of the Gospel. The result is that Protestant congregations have An Egyptian Convert's Trials been formed in at least seven towns. At one place this year 200 adults, and DR. MORDEN H. WRIGHT writes at another 150 came out for Protes- from Cairo of an engineer emtantism. "Unfortunately," says The ployed in a government survey depart- Record of the United Free Church of ment who wished to become a Chris- Scotland, "differences appeared in re- tian. When his father found it out, gard to Presbyterian and Lutheran he beat him; his eldest brother did forms of worship, but under the ad- the same. He was then reported to vice and influence of others the new the headman in the village, and the converts are drawing together under head of the district. Both beat him the united Protestant Church in Ga- till he dropped. The chief of the policia in order to face the countermin- lice in that district put him in prison, ing efforts of the Roman Catholic and went into the cell every few minclergy. There is much need for the utes and said, "Do you still want to larger churches to rally behind these become a Christian?" His answer Ruthenian Protestants and aid them was "Yes" each time, and each time in their great task." he was beaten, until finally he fell un- conscious. He was rescued from Needs ot Educated Russians prison, as his imprisonment was against the law, and every day one of REV. WM. FETLER asks for help the Christians accompanies him to and in the evangelization of the from his work and stays beside him higher classes of Russians, "that part during office hours. He was expelled of Russia which is scattered all over from his father's house, none of his the world." He says: "If we reach relatives will even speak with him, and them now in their forced exile and all are waiting for an opportunity to their humiliation and need, we have kill him. every reason to believe that we shall have reached a great part of the Colportage hy Autoznohile 'higher' Russia, when these refugees will one day return home to their in- H H. MERCER, of the Egypt Genheritance. And return they surely • eral Mission, writes of a trip will. With the several millions of con- through three Egyptian provinces verts among the lower peasant classes which he took recently, in company of Russia, the need is, and will be, for with two other missionaries, in an leaders, teachers and more experi- automobile: "We took several thouenced brethren. Among the convertfd sand Scripture portionettes, a free Russian refugees, most of whom are grant from the Nile Mission Press. of the educated classes, the so-called In the seventy miles or so of road we 'intelligentsia,' we shall be able to re- covered we rarely struck a hundred cruit our evangelists and teachers. yards devoid of human life, and out of As yet, but very little has been done the thousands of portionettes of God's for the Russian emigrants and ref- Word distributed, I think I can safely ugees. We have had some meetings say not one was lost. Looking back for them in Berlin, Warsaw, Riga, and along the road from the car, one saw Paris. Some literature and Bibles men descending from high up on have been spread amonJl,' them. In camels and getting off donkeys, and even in one case a bus stopped, and a boy was sent to pick up the 'Good

News.' To supply the pedestrians, in How Sudanese Christians Pray many cases our trouble was we couldn't discharge our ammunition REV. P. J. SMITH, missionary of quickly enough as the car sped on its the United Presbyterian Church way, and often there was a perfect in the Sudan, now on furlough, writes: scramble in the middle of the road as "We are often put to shame by hear- to who would become the proud pos- ing the faith of the Nuer Christians . sessors. Egyptians even left their in their prayers, and the simple peti- work in the fields as they saw the tions of some of God's black children portionettes fluttering from the car." have many a time been a source of comfort to us …… Many of them AFRICA pray only for earthly things. Some few have got beyond this. They pray Slavery in North Africa fer their own hearts and the hearts of others, that they may be kept from T HE slave trade and the hunt for evil ways, and that Satan may not slaves are still carried on in the have power over them. Some are Sahara, South Morocco, South Trip- much concerned for their own people, oli, in the Libyan Oases, in Rio de and pray that they may know Christ. Oro, in the territory of the Senussi, Many of thEse Nuer Christians pray in Abyssinia and Liberia and in the for us missionaries, that God will Hedjaz (Arabia). This is in spite of guard us each day, and keep us, and European laws against slavery. There give us wisdom. One of the Chrisis still a great way to go before Africa tians has written to me since I arrived is civilized, and much further to go in America, 'I am praying for you, before the continent is Christian. and for the people of Jesus in your country.' " The Liberian Hinterland Record of Currie Institute REV. ARTLEY B. PARSON, As- sistant Foreign Secretary of the T HIRTY-TWO students were grad- Department of Missions of the Prot- uated last year from Currie Instiestant Episcopal Church, says of a sta- tute, a school of the American Board tion in Liberia which he visited on his at Don d i, west-central A f ric a. recent trip: "At Pandemai one felt Twenty of these students received offithe unspoiled dignity of the African. cial recognition in academic branches Here were the tribes that held some- by having passed the First-Grade exthing within them inexpressibly that amination. Six students who had alis uniquely creative and potential. ready passed the First Grade suc- Standing in their presence one under- ceeded in obtaining a Second-Grade stood why Bishop Payne had as far certificate. "This" says The Congreback as 1857 pressed for the money gationalist, "is a most gratifying and staff to go back into the interior, proof of the efficiency of the teachers and why his successors have ever at Currie Institute and of the steadtalked about the Hinterland and its fast devotion which they have given vast possibilities in human values for to. the pupils in their charge. The the Kingdom of God. At Pandemai phases of instruction particularly one lone clergyman, the Rev. James stressed last year were training in the Dwalu, has instituted and carried on carpenter shop, in masonry, building the mission. The daily program of construction, and tailoring. The stuthe boys' school indicates the vitality dents were highly enthusiastic over an and activity of the pupils. From the these things, reports Dr. William C. rising bell at five o'clock which sum- Bell, and took hold of the work with mons the boys to family prayers, down avidity. The result was that remarkto the signal for 'lights out' at half-' able progress was made. Mr. Bell past nine in the evening, each hour of pays a great tribute to the aid of nathe day is filled with work, worship or recreation."

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

tive workers. 'The work that has been the native church of these old people accomplished would have been impos- they said, 'Yes, many are beginning sible without the aid of the native to follow the Lord.' At a group meet- force employed,' he declares. 'More ing near the Nzoia River, an old man and more the Institute is relying upon stood and told of serving Jesus and trained native teachers and workmen of the joy and praise in his heart. He -the output of the Institute itself.' has brought other old men to the In Dondi the need of a farm, equip- meeting. At a monthly meeting at ment, livestock, and practical training Malava, an old man gave his heart to in the raising of crops is keenly felt." the Lord and now he and his wife, who was an old witch doctor, have for- Mission Schools in Tanganyika saken all their witchcraft and are get- ting other old people to become Chris- THE spirit of cooperation with edu- tians. Several old women are leaving cational missionaries in Africa re- their heathen customs and habits and cently shown by the British Govern- are following Jesus Christ." ment has, according to an Australian missionary of the C. M. S. in Berega, THE NEAR EAST "created a more friendly attitude on the part .of officials towards mission- Religious Freedom in Palestine ary work. It is being realized that after all the administrator and the REV. S. B. ROHOLD, F.R.G.S. missionary are striving for the same writes from the Holy Land: end-the uplift of the African people "New rules have been issued by the -though from different points of Government for the confession of view. The one cannot do the other's faith by converts from one religion to work, nor can either afford to be in- another. The regUlations under the dependent of the other. The people, former Turkish Government, which seeing that the mission schools are be- were very cumbersome and exacting, ing backed up by the Government, are though perhaps needful in former more ready to take advantage of the days, have been largely modified. An educational facilities offered. The opportunity is given to those who schools, therefore, have now a better have a real change of heart to give chance of taking their place as an up- their testimony without unfair and lifting influence in native life. It is undue restriction, and without the pera tremendous gain to have the Govern- secution that should not characterize ment officially recognizing the need a land where the promise of religious and importance of religious teaching freedom for all was given, when Lord in the schools and according it an AlIenby, having walked through the equal standing with secular subjects. Jaffa Gate, made the public declara- In view of these conditions, the need tion in the name of Britain and the for better trained African teachers Allies concerning the future of the has become intensified." Holy Land in religious, social and political affairs. This change causes African Old People Converted us much gratitude to God. It is worthy of remark that the Vatican is ARTHUR B. CHILSON writes from altering its attitude to Jewry and the American Friends' Mission in seeking to win the friendship of the Kenya Colony that for months he has people, as well as making strenuous been getting reports of old people be- efforts towards their conversion to ginning to attend school and services Rome." and of numbers who were being converted. He describes a meeting which Palestinian Moslem Converts he conducted at one of the out-stations, where several old men and wom- DURING the last fifty years or so a en accepted Christ as their personal little Christian congregation con- Saviour, and continues: "As I told nected with the Church Missionary Society has met Sunday by Sunday at

Shefamer, a village in Palestine. Re- great enterprise, to realize its highly cently a large number of Moslems- multiplied worth. Our first introducmembers of some forty families-has tion to those who had been rescued begun to go to church and to join in and trained by Near East Relief the Christians' worship. One Sunday workers was at a meeting of some thirty of these men waited for the fifty Armenian boys, organized into a clergyman after service, and told him young men's league, assembled in a that they wished to become Chris- modest yet substantial building for an tians. Seldom in the Moslem world, evening of social intercourse after the never in the history of modern mis- day's hard labors were over. They sions in Palestine, has there been such represented various trades and occua movement. A catechist and two pations. They are now self-supportwomen missionaries have gone to help ing, are concerned about the future of to prepare these inquirers for bap- their own race, and each one is eager tism and to teach others who may to make the largest possible contribucome forward. Those on the spot feel tion to his' day and generation. Their that this may be but the beginning of gratitude for what has been done on a great movement. Already there is their behalf, their response to the renews from another village of sixteen ligious appeals that are made and Moslems wishing to become Chris- their expressions of good will toward tians. our own nation were most reassuring and inspiring." New Persian Law Hurts Missions B_hdad Boys' Brotherhood AWIRELESS despatch February 6th from Teheran, Persia, to the T HE Brotherhood of the American New York Times stated that Ameri- School for Boys in Baghdad was can Presbyterian schools in the prov- organized two years ago. The pledge ince of Azerbaijan, at Tabriz and Uru- reads: mia had been closed pending the result of negotiations between Dr. Jor- I …… in joining this Society express dan, head of the mission in Teheran, a desire to cultivate the spirit of brothand the Persian authorities. Diffi- erhood; and promise, through God's culty in reaching a satisfactory agree- help, to live a life pleasing to Christ who ment was forseen, as the missions re- taught the true meaning of brotherhood; fuse to teach Moslem religious law or and agree to take an active part in the abstain from teaching the Bible in various activities of the Society. their schools, which are two of the main points in the new local law. The The first year about fifty signed the report of the closing of the mission pledge and joined the Society. In IiIchools in Urumia, Tabriz and Ram- 1926-1927 the enrollment went up to adan has not been confirmed. There nearly a hundred-all confined to the has been a change in the Persian Min- high school boys. It is significant to ister of Education. know that nearly all the Moslem boys took the pledge as well as a number Armenian "N. E. R. Graduates" of Jews. These non-Christian boys scarcely ever missed a devotional ON HIS way home from the Lau- meeting and some became very active. sanne Conference, Rev. J. Ross All the nawabs, or princes, were mem- Stevenson, D.D., President of Prince- bers and so also was the representaton Theological Seminary, visited va- tive of the Naqib family. The Shiah rious centers of Near East Relief boys from the Holy Cities became work, to which he pays high tribute. much interested, and to them the He says also: "But one needs to see teachings and principles of the Broththe beneficiaries themselves of this erhood meant a new life and a new world.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Spontaneous Expansion of the Church that the parish priests should not re- and the Causes Which Hinder It. Roland Allen. With Introduction by ceive foreign aid and that they should the Rt. Rev. V. S. Azariah, Bishop of Dornakal. London, The World Do- not be as far removed from the people minion Press. 1927. to whom they minister, as are some of Mr. Allen's views have long been the clergy whom we train today. known through his stimulating volume, "Missionary Methods: St. Paul's While Mr. Allen is writing prior Ours?" In this present work he has repeated and enlarged upon some of marily to Anglicans and from an them in a somewhat different form. In general, his thesis is that our pres- Anglican's viewpoint, his views will ent missionary methods fail to produce the spontaneous expansion of the prove stimulating to members of other Church and that by returning to some of the essential features that marked denominations. Whether one agrees the spread of the early Church we could expect much more rapid prog- or disagrees, the book cannot but be ress. He believes that we insist upon too thorough learning of the creeds an incentive to further thinking. The and on too much education as a prerequisite to baptism and the com- conditions which confront the Church munion. He thinks that we must have more confidence in the converts and on mission fields today are rather diftrust the Spirit to guide them into fuller knowledge. He believes, too, ferent from those which St. Paul that we place too much emphasis upon converts living up to our moral codes faced. Present-day methods, imperinstead of permitting them to find in Christ a dynamic which will lead them fect as they are, may not be as faulty progressively to a higher level. He is convinced that we have over-stressed as they seem to be to many critics. missions and mission boards and that we have transferred to the field a type Let us hope that they will help to save of episcopacy and clergy which is ill adapted to the needs there. He con- the church in China and in India and tends that, instead of having bishops over large areas, we should, as in the in other fields, from many of the long early Church, have many bishops, each struggles over heresy and much of the corruption which was the fate of the Church in post-apostolic ages. The T'ai P'ing Rebellion is a most enlight- ening example of what can happen when believers, thoroughly sincere-at least at the beginning-lose contact with the older churches of the West and are given entirely free rein to work out their own beliefs and organ- izations. Not all completely independ- ent churches, of course, will follow in the steps of the T'ai P'ings, but some- thing can be said for the continued presence of the missionary and for the tutelage of the growing Church for a period of two or three genera- tions. K. S. LATOURETTE.

in charge of one or two villages, and An Explorer of Changing Horizons: Wilthat these men and their clergy should not necessarily be highly educated but 1w1eamll WEdilgsaorn.Gei3l7, 2F.pRp.G. .S$. 4. PhNileiwp WYohrikt- 1927. . should grow up out of the community itself. He holds that the bishops It is easy to grow enthusiastic as should not be paid by foreil(n funds. one reads this delightfully refreshing 333

book. It is unusual in many respects foreign fields. The present volume -full of variety and interests and contains articles on the missions of virile faith. The instinct of the Un- the Synod in different parts of the seen burned within him. A man of world, and many instructive articles, strong convictions, who lived largely, several interesting sketches, medita- he saw much that was out of the or- tions and some poems. The whole is dinary. There are two appeals in most beautifully illustrated. Some of this book: that of the popular evan- the articles are of real historical gelist working his way around the value. C. T. B.

world; and the explorer seeing things- as-they-are. The Church in the Changing City. Case William Edgar Geil visited Japan, studies illustrating adaptation. H. Paul Douglass. 453 pp. $4.00. New Korea, and Siberia, going up the York. 1927. Yangste, traversing Burma, India, tramping across Equatorial Africa; These "case studies" are surveys of he spent months in Palestine, Syria, the work in twenty-six large city and on the Isle of Patmos, seeking to churches, sixteen of them intensive get into the atmosphere of New studies, the purpose being to show how they have adapted their building Testament conditions. The book is crowded with facts, in- and program to changed surroundings. cidents, and experiences. Those who These churches, in thirteen cities and like "Trader Horn" will enjoy this seven denominations, were chosen besaner work still more. Everywhere cause they had met their problems Dr. Geil went he saw opportunities for with originality and distinction. They the Gospel. He describes Christian have extensive "plants and equipworship on mission fields as he ob- ment" and staffs of paid workers, and served it, and attempts to portray the are continuing in efficiency amid mind of the native peoples. His life "such changes of fortune as often dewas a "spiritual quest for the under- stroy city churches." The volume conlying Something that, once recognized, tains a large number of survey maps, would hold all people together in the pictures and statistics. consciousness of a common origin, Mr. Douglas, the author also of spiritual life, and destiny." As a sym- "The Springfield Church Survey," pathetic and serious interpreter of the and "The St. Louis Church Survey," varied civilizations of the world he was formerly in Y. M. C. A. work, deserves a hearing from the thought- and was with the Inter-Church World Movement. This book is the fourth ful. JAMES F. RIGGS. of a series on urban religious life, The Missionary Calendar. Edited by the undertaken by the Institute of Social Educational Committee of the Augus- and Religious Research.

tana Foreign Mission Society. 156 pp. The author develops an "hypothesis"

Rock Island. 1927. as to the relation of institutional de- This beautifully gotten-up volume velopment to the pressure of environ- is the year book of the Augustana ment, viz.: that this exceptional pres- Foreign Missionary Society, which sure may be expected to result in "in- was originally a student society at stitutional evolution on the part of the the Seminary of the Augustana Synod Protestant Church." He seems to us at Rock Island. Unlike most other to make the mistake of studying the associations. those who once enrolled Church as though it were simply a retain their membership after leaving human institution, not making allow- the seminary and thus the year book ance for the power of the Holy Spirit serves as a bond between those at the in the body of Christ. He seems not institution and those who have gone to recognize the prime need of preach- out into the work of the church, ing the Gospel of personal salvation many of whom are now serving in or to appreciate the work of churches

BOOKS WORTH READING

that choose not to introduce expensive the prevailing conditions, but the mil- lions more in the outlying districts social work and yet are truly wit- that look to the village for leadership. Of special value is the chapter on the nessing to Christ with the result that Church in the Village. One is shocked to read that the average number of men are saved. In his introduction, churches in these small communities is five or six, and that there are sixty he refers to such churches, saying that of these villages that can boast of from seven to fifteen religious groups. they fix attention upon "subjective ex- Rivalry rather than cooperaation is often the result. The united church perience," and the "end of the world," movement has not progressed very far, but it has made its beginning, and have an "extreme theology." The and it is arousing much interest in many of the communities. It is a disbook has value to these who like to tinctly hopeful feature, which may lead to a solution of many of the presstudy religion scientifically, but pre- ent village church problems.

sents a one-sided view as to what con- R. M. LABAREE.

stitutes the work of the Christian Das Werden der Christlichen Kirche in China. (The Growth of the Christian Church, and has no conclusion other Church in China.) By Prof. Dr. Julius Richter, of the University of than that already stated. F. L. Berlin. 584 pp. E. Bertelsmann in Guetersloh. 1928. Village Communities. Edmund deS. Brun- ner. 12 mo. 244 pp. $2.25. New Prof. Dr. Julius Richter's ambitious York. plan to write a worth-while history of Protestant Missions has led him to This is the fifth and last of a series publish four great books, one on each of studies, made by the Institute of of the main areas of our modern Social and Religious Research, of the foreign missionary enterprise: India, agricultural ,village and its com- the Near East, Africa and China. It munity in the United States. Accord- is a prodigious undertaking which reing to the U. S. census classification quires careful and exhaustive rea town is rather arbitrarily considered search, untiring literary effort and a place of 2,500 inhabitants or over. sound scholarship. There is every This investigation takes as its subject reason to believe that these books will the next smaller group, the village, remain authentic sources of informawhich covers any center from 250 to tion for many years to come. 2,500 inhabitants. There were in 1920 18,381 of these villages, most of This fourth volume, the history of which are agricultural in the sense Protestant Missions in China, is opthat they are located in farming dis- portune because China is at the turntricts and are the "service stations" ing point in her age-long history and, as a consequence, Christian Missions for the farmer. in China must begin a new period of The whole series is an earnest and adjustment and advance. Indeed, the events now transpiring indicate that much needed study of a very impor- Christianity is about to enter upon its tant section of our population. This third great era, the first of which was volume, like its predecessors, is ex- influenced by the culture of the lands ceedingly well done. It tries to sum- which surround the Mediterranean marize the findings of the investiga- Sea, and the second by that of the tions published in the earlier volumes; lands which border on the Atlantic and it gives to us a picture of the general economic, educational, health, religious and social life of the communities together with their influence upon the surrounding country. The summary is followed by a more detailed survey of eight typical villages.

There can be no doubt about the importance of the study. "Rural Protestantism is being more and more organized about the village." Not only are the millions of people living in the villages themselves affected by

Ocean. The third era will witness the its place with those of the Greek, Christianization of the most ancient the Roman, the German and other culture of the Far East on the other churches?

side of the Pacific Ocean. "We who write the history of Mis- Dr. Richter brings his history up to sions are placed in the unfortunate or, the year 1922, but, despite his justi- shall we say, fortunate position of see- fiable omission of detailed references ing current events transpiring, which to more recent events, he has written call for revisions immediately after an up-to-date book. After an inter- we have finished our manuscript; esting opening chapter on ancient but we know that we have described China he describes the beginnings of a growing thing, and it is our joy to Christian Missions in that land. Here see and to show how good and how as elsewhere in his book he gives full rapid the growth is. Therefore we credit to the work of Roman Catholic humbly retire into the background and missionaries. The significance of the reverently observe how, despite human Opium War, the Taiping rebellion, the mistakes, the Spirit of God continues treaties with China, the Boxer upris- to operate and to create what is good ing, the influence of Western civiliza- in the hearts of men and nations.

tion, is clearly shown in relation to "Will it serve any useful purpose to the misllionary movement. There is predict the future of Christianity in a very illuminating chapter on the China? The history of Nestorianism, Republic of China and then the author of the missions of the Franciscans and turns to an extended review of mis- Jesuits on the one hand. and on the sionary work in each of the provinces. other hand, of Buddhism and Islam, This covers one hundred and ninety- lead us to certain conclusions on the two pages and reveals the remarkable basis of which we might attempt to ability of Dr. Richter as an historian. prophesy. But if our major premise The closing chapter seeks to interpret is correct, namely that in China we events since 1922, with special refer- are about to enter upon a new era of ence to Christian Missions. We give exceptional events in the history of a free translation of a part of the Christianity, then all comparisons closing paragraphs of this splendid with past history are useless, as they, study of Chinese Christianity: indeed, have proven to be in proph- "The new day in China, whose dawn ecies of the development of the Church we see, calls for cooperation between in our own land. In the pages of this Mission and Church. Will sending book we have striven to let facts speak Christendom continue to cherish its for themselves. At the close we do loving interest in China and sacrifice not wish to let any Fata Morgana demen and money for the Church in ceive us. To God belongs the Orient, China, even though the supervision of to God belongs the Occident. The work passes into Chinese hands? Will Prince of Peace holds in His hands the young Chinese Church permit the the ends of the earth."

foreign colaborers, their fathers in GEORGE DRACH.

Christ, that freedom of thought and work which alone can help it to solve "Der Islam als Religion" (Islam as Reits problems? What form of organization will be acceptable and satisfy ligion). Professor Dr. Julius Richter. the urgent desire of Chinese Chris- 162 pp. Mark 1.80. Guelle & Meyer Leipzig, Germany. 1927. '

tians for church union? Will the The author is one of the outstand- Chinese Church cease to be an ecclesi- ing missionary authorities of Europe astical colony of the Christian Occi- and to all who read German will find dent and will it have sufficient strength this volume a brief and popular but as a spiritual force to develop a thorough, reliable presentation of the Chinese Christianity which shall take subject. DANIEL BURGH ALTER.

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1927

A SCENE IN RIADH, THE CAPITAL OF THE NEJD-'l'HE CASTLE OF THE RULER, IBN

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Me Cutcheon·s ('if) FIFTIIAVENUE foRTY-NINTH ST.

Dept. No. 20 '."M'_ New York "Lives 0/ great men all remind uS We can make Ollr li~les sublime, Atld departing lea,'e behind us .

Footprints 011 the sands of tillIC."-LONGFELI,OW.

I N THE minds of the American people twd great men are always associated with the month of February, And with the coming of this month, to the minds of many Christians the world over, comes the name of another great man born in Pebruary.

Vashington brought forth our nation; Lincoln preserved its unity; Moody ministered pre-eminently to its spiritual life. Of each it can be truly said, "He being dead, yet speaketh"; for the ideals of vVashington and Lincoln are the ideals of our nation today, and Moody's work goes on through the institutions and movements he founded.

One of these is the Moody Bible Institute, a school for training Christian workers of which he himself said, "It seems to me the largest thing I have ever undertaken, and that it is going to accomplish more than anything I have yet been permitted to do."

Some one has well said, "The world of tomorrow depends upon the schools of today," and we might add that the church of tomorrow depends upon the Christian training schools of today.

The Moody Bible Institute affords to Christians an opportunity to leave behind them, likewise, "footprints on the sands of time." This can be done by an investment in its Life Annuity Contracts. Write for complete information.

THE MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE Box Y2, 153 Institute Place Chicago, Illinois P1ease mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to adv,JTtisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Editor CONTENTS FOR FEBRUARY, 1927 Page FRONTISPIECE •………………… A Sa~E IN RrADH, ,cAPITAr, OF TUE NEJD EDITORIALS ……•……………………………………………•…. 85 CHINA DISTURBED AND DISTURBING FOREIGN MISSIONARY COOPERATION CoOPERATION IN HOME MISSIONS RESULTS OF MEDICAL MISSIONS IN ARABIA ….•…………. L. P. DAME 89 The story of how Christian tWctors have opened closed doors in Arabia and have won Arab friendship.

WOMAN'S PLACE IN HOME MISSIONS ………… MItS. W.,c. WINNSBOROUGH 95 A remarkable address showing what women have done in promoting national wel- fare tMough home mfsli'ionary work in America.

CHINESE RELIGION SEEN THROUGH CRINESE PROVERBS …………. .

……. …•……………………………………… . HARLAN P. BEACH 102 A review a1·ticle of a recent book by C. H. Flopper, showing how the popular proverbs in China rmleal the religious thought and life of the people.

A CHINESE CHRISTIAN LAyMAN ………………………. G. W. SPABLING 107 The story of Liu Tze Buh, converted from BuddhiMrt as a young man, and for twenty years a consistent Christian b1lsiness man oonneoted with the Singer Sew· ing Machine Co., using l.ia time anil money for the spread of Christianity among the Chinese.

STUDYING MEXICAN RELATIONS AT EL PASO …………….. COE HAYNE 110 The report of an interesting and important oonferenoe of mi.<siona.·ies ana 00:600- tives on the present eonditions among the Mexioons in the Unitea States ana ChA-istian work among them.

WHY I LIKE MY MISSIONARY JOB ………………….. ALBERT D. HELSER 113 The oonviotions based on experienee of a missionary in Africa.

FROM MOHAMMED TO CHRIST …………………………. HABIB YUSUFJI 117 The life story of a young Mohammeaan who Was eonverted to Christ ana has had varied experiences traveling arouna the world until he has enterea a theological semitnary in .America.

CHINESE TURKESTAN ………………………………… G. W. HUNTER 123 Interesting facts about a little-known part of Central Asia as yet almost un· touched by Christianity.

NANNING-A CITY IN CHINA. _……………………. R. LECHMERE CLIF'!.' 126 A picture of life and work in one of the cities of Southwest China.

EFFECTS OF OHINA'S TURMOIL ON MISSIONS ••……..•……………..

. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . REPORTS FROM MISSION BOARDS 131 Detailed facts about the experie1lees of misli'ionaries and hindrances to missionary work in various parts of China due to the present state of unrest and anti-foreign agitatwn.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN ….. EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN' 135 WOMAN '8 HOME MISSION BULLETIN ……. EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 138 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ……………….•………………………. 141 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ……………………………………….. 157 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1927, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PURJ,ISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

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A guaranteed r('gular income for life Send for this 5-minute A future of assured freedom from finan- Bible Test, F R E E cial worry Are you satisfied with your knowledge An assured support for relative or friend of the Bible – the most interesting book in the world? See if you can answer the FOR THE CHURCH: questions in our free 5-minute Bible Test. The ten Moody Bible Institute A memorial church or school in some Home Study Courses give you the Bibli- needy field cal knowledge necessary for the most A permanent support for effective plC'.rfect daily religious lift". They are non-secta~ workers rian and there is onc suited to the needs from the beginner to the adv'lnced Christian. The The Extension of the Kingdom wonderful experience of 34,000 men and women students is waiting for you. Find out from this Life Annuity Agreements free test if vour Bible knOwledge is what it ought to be. Mail coupon now. "'''rite for infoI mation to MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE Morri. W. Ehne., Treasurer. Board 01 Foreign CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Mission. of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Filth Ave•.ue. New "torl:, N. y~ or Dept.4682, 153 ….titut. Place, Chic….., III.

W. J. Elliott, Treasurer, Board of Home Mis_ I ~:~~~:lel~si~~~f~ute Place. Chicago. III. sion. and Church Extension of the Methodist E:piacopal Church. 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa. I Please send me. Free. your 5-Minute I Bible Test. No obligation. PERSONALS I Name. I REV. ARTHUR H. SMITH, D.D., author of I s~eet and No._ several well-known books on China, and missionary of the American Board in North &! ~::~.~-.'..,~-,.,.-" •.-•.••-••:-•:.-:':-::-: .-.:::-::::-::::-::_-:":':-:: JI China for fifty-three years, has retired and is making his home in Claremont, California. col, of the United Free Church of Scotland *** Mission. '* * REV. ROBERT A. HUME, D.D., another PRINOIPAL ROBERT R. MOTON of Tuskegee American Board veteran, who was born in India, of missionary parents, and has given Institute, accompanied by Mrs. Moton, their fifty-two years of active service in the Marathi Mission, is now, with Mrs. Hume, daughter, and two members of the Tuskegee living in Auburndale, Mass. faculty, sailed late in November for a trip *•* around the world. CUlVELAND E. DODGE has succeeded his father, the late Cleveland H. Dodge, as •* treasurer of Near East Relief. In 1925, Mr. REV. LLOYD CiRAIGlfILL, an Episcopalian Dodge became president of the Y. M. C. A. of New York City, which office has been missionary, and Arthur J. Allen, a Y. M. held by a member of the Dodge family for three successive generations. C. A. secretary, effected a truce between the • * .. nort))ern and southern forceS' around Nan- REV. WILLIAM ASHMORE, JR., D.D., Amer- chall~ ',c!iina, by carrying to them the peace ican Baptist missionary in Swatow, China, since 1879, who completed his revised trans- .terllll!' of"the Nanehang Chamberoj' Com· lation of the Old Testament on his seventy- . fifth birthday, has returned to America with merce. Mrs. Ashmore. DR. IWBERT E. SPEER, who, since last REV. WILLrAM PAr*oN, former Secretary August, has been visiting missions in Japan, of the National Christ~n Council of India, who visited the United $tates last year, has Kr,rea and China, holding conferences with been elected Secretary of the International Missionary Council. He has been succeeded missionaries, returned to New York on Jan· on the Indian Council by Rev. Nicol Macni. uary 3d. .. * ERNEST HURST CHERRINGTON, LL.D., a layman, has been elected Corresponding See- retary of the Board of Home Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, to succeed the late Dr. David D. Forsyth.

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FEBRUARY, 1927

L TWO CHINA – DISTURBED AND DISTURBING T HINK of a people comprising about one fourth of the human race j without any acknowledged leader or accepted central government; with many new and untried theories competing with old customs and ideas; with inexperienced, young students struggling to influence the masses; with suspicion on every hand-of foreigners, of all Christians, of their own leaders; with bandits and unpaid soldiers seeking to take something for themselves; with mobs easily influenced by agitators and hard to control. Above all, there is a determination to assert and establish national independence of foreign domination and to secure acquiescence to their demands from other nations. This gives but a partial picture of the disturbed state of China today. Foreign governments and many foreign residents ill China desire to pour oil on the troubled waters, but find there is danger of the oil catching fire and so increasing the difficulties.

In spite of the disturbing dispatches in the daily press, China is not all in turmoil. The problems presented are most difficult to understand and to solve and yet many able minds are patiently and earnestly studying them. A solution will be found. The great masses of the Chinese desire peace and of the nearly eight hundred mission stations, in which foreigners reside in China, less than seventy report any unusual disturbance or interference with the mission work.

From the reports received direct from Protestant missionary societies (printed elsewhere in this issue), it will be noted that the chief unrest and anti-foreign agitation are found in the provinces where contending armies are fighting. K wangtung Province in the Bouth has been troubled by bandits, strikes and student agitators. Some anti-Christian feeling has been manifested, coupled with the antiforeign sentiment. Some schools have been closed.

SZf'('hwall Province in the west is another center of student strikes and anti-foreign agitation. The Christian University at 85

Chengtu has been closed, a number of missionaries have been captured (later released), some missions have been destroyed and priests driven out.

Hunan, Honan and Hupeh in Oentral China report attacks by bandits, missions robbed and damaged, fighting and destruction by soldiers, student strikes and some strong anti-Christian as well as anti-foreign feeling. The Yale mission at Changsha has been closed temporarily.

Kwangsi, Fukien and Kiangsu Provinces are also in the war zone and report property damaged, student disturbances and some interruption to the mission work.

The other provinces-Yunnan, Kweichow, Kansu, Shensi, Shansi, Chihli, Shantung, Kwangsi, Kiangsu, Anhwei, Chekiang, together with Manchuria and Mongolia, report comparatively little disturbance or anti-foreign agitation. Travel is somewhat interrupted and in some places is difficult and dangerous but few of the more than seven thousand six hundred Protestant Christian missionaries in China have suffered seriously. In general, they report: "People generally friendly"; "work going on as usual"; "schools and chapels open and well attended." This was the case up to about January 15th.

What are the missionaries doing to meet the present situation? Most of them are remaining at their posts and are seeking to help Chinese in every way in their power. They generally advocate the withdrawal of foreign gunboats and no armed intervention. They advise that foreign governments agree to a revision of treaties so as to do away as SOOn as possible with extra-territorial rights, foreign control of customs and other special privileges that irritate Chinese.

In many mission churches, schools and hospitals, more and more control is being given to the Chinese Christians with a view to ultimate autonomy. Some of the missions are registering their schools with the Government, and agree to discontinue required religious teaching and attendance at chapel services.

China has no truer, wiser friends than the missionaries. With no unworthy motives they are seeking to help China find the way out of her present difficulties so that she may become a strong, wellgoverned, righteous nation whose people are illteIligeut, lJl'oHperoufi, ullselfish and godly, FOREIGN MISSIONARY COOPERATION F OR thirty-three years, the Protestant Foreign Mission Boards of North America have been united in a cooperative study of the missionary program. While this has not involved union or a unified action, it has brought about close fellowship in carrying forward the great, world-wide missionary task. Among other ways in which the united study of problems and cooperation in policy have been effective, are the following:

EDITORIAL .cOMMENTS

1. A united study of the relation of missionary work to governments where missionaries are laboring; and a united approach to these governments for a satisfactory solution of problems. The results have been especially helpful in securing passports, in matters relating to education, in connection with property and special problems in Turkey, Africa and China.

2. A united study of special fields. In times of crisis, as in Mexico, China, Japan or Africa, conferences of executives and missionaries have brought about a clearer understanding and a more harmonious principle and policy of action. Causes of friction have been removed and unifying policies have been adopted. The Committee on Cooperation in Latin America represents one phase of the work.

3. A united study of special types of work. Conferences of medical missionaries, of educational workers and of those producing Christian literature have brought about an interchange of experience and closer cooperation on the fields to promote effectiveness and to prevent waste of effort and money.

4. A united study of methods of publicity and of promotion in the churches at the home base. Smaller Boards have been enabled to learn by the experiences of larger Boards; joint meetings have been held in various cities and there has been an exchange of promotion literature and promotion ideas.

5. The large Missionary Research Library (at 25 Madison Avenue, New York) has been collected at great expense and effort and has placed at the disposal of all interested in missions rich resources in books and periodicals that no one Board could gather together.

6. A united study of the preparation of missionaries: The problems of recruiting and of passing upon candidates for foreign service are so similar that they can best be studied and promoted together. The one thing needful is that candidates for missionary service shall not lose their spiritual ideals and power and their missionary passion based on devotion to Christ and faith in His Gospel.

7. Various other special problems and phases of work are best carried on in united effort-such as English-speaking churches in foreign cities, work among foreign students in America, peace programs, health and furloughs of missionaries, work among Jews in all lands, cooperation with the International Missionary Council and with National Councils in India, Japan, China and Moslem lands.

This union work has been carried on through the Foreign Missions Conference and the Federation of ,Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions. The annual meetings of these organizations have recently been held in Atlantic City' (January 11th to 14th). There were strong addresses on China, Africa, Moslem lands and Latin America -followed by discussion-but special emphasis was given to the need

THE MISSIONARY REViEW OJ!' 'rHE WORLD LJ<'ebl'ual'Y

for closer, more effective cooperation in prayer, in the adoption of a unified policy and through harmonious programs in various fields. The secret of unity consists, after all, in a close sympathy with Christ, in a clear understanding of His program and in an unselfish devotion to His cause.

COOPERATION IN HOME MISSIONS FOR twenty years the Protestant Home Mission Boards have been cooperating in the study of problems connected with the evangelization and Christian development of those in the United States and neighboring countries. 'l'heir twentieth meeting was recently held in: ,Philadelphia (Jan. 4 to 7) under the auspices of the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions.

The special topic for discussion was the Rural Church-studied in its many phases, its needs, opportunities and progress. Effective addresses were given and papers read by Mrs. W. C. Winnsborough, Dr. Malcolm, Dana, Mr. Ralph S. Adams, Professor Ralph A. Felton, Dr. John McDowell and others. The changing character of the rural community wa's emphasized, the need for the elimination of competing evangelical churches in small towns, and the benefits of a more diversified and adequate Ohristian service program to help all classes and conditions in rural communities.

The home missionary forces have been cooperating effectively in promoting state councils and evangelical programs in such states as Idaho, Montana, Utah, North Dakota, Nevada, Washington, Wyoming <ODd Kansas. They have brought home missionary workers together to meet the needs of foreigners from Europe, Latin America and Asia. They have united in studying the needs and in giving the Gospel and its privileges to the American Indians and the American Negroes. They have caned united attention to the condition of the mountaineers, migrant workers, lumber jacks and others and have helped to establish work among them. They have produced and made available much helpful foreign language literature and have made known the needs of such special classes as the blind, the Jews, the Mormons and others.

Recently a plan has been adopted for cooperation with the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America. A committee of fifteen has been working on this plan to prevent duplication and overlapping. In general, under this plan, the Home Missions Council will have responsibility for Board activities among' the Indians, immigrants, Negroes, Orientals nnd Mormons and in Alaska, the West Indies and town and country work. The F'ederal Oouncil will have to do with the ]Jl'ohlems of evangelism, social relations, race relalions, interllationnl good-will, nrmy and navy, the Canal Zone, churches in Europe, financial matters, Ohristian education, relief, research and the drama.

SULTAN OF CENTRAL ARABIA AND RULElR OF MECCA, IBN SAOUD , A,ND

OF HIS CHIEFS Some Results of Medical Missions In Arabia BY L. P. DAME, M.D., BAHREIN, ARABIA Missionary of t ho Reformed Church in Amerie.a MISSIO NARIES in Arabia have long realized that it is diffi- cult to gain a hearing on a. direct religious basis. The Arab mind is closed to anything but the Koran and its teachings. The Gospel of Christ can enter only when the mind is opened by some contact with the outside world,by means of schools, hospitals and occasionally by the printed page.

Medical work has played a notable part in the program of the Arabian Mission. This has helped to break down prejudices, to open new territory and to bring people in contact with the Gospel, though from a strictly medical point of view also this branch of the work has been amply justified. Last year in our Bahrein hospital alone we treated 33,000 patients in the dispensary, performed 758 operations and made 992 visits to patients' homes. Such work must have a softening influence on the heart of the Arab. It would be impossible to relate the many incidents that together make a complete sLory.

The hospital formerly maintained at Busra was a real power in helping to break down that most difficult and intangible opposition to combat-prejudice. Not only was the Iwme of Dr. Bennett famous in lower Mesopotamia, bnt a few years ago when I was iIi the interior province of Kaseem, sometimcs referred to as thc "Heart of Arabia," several people askeCl me about him, mentioning him by name- 89

and it is usually difficult for an Arab to remember a foreign name. Others asked about the hospital that used to be there. Having once received physical help they were not very likely to carry an intense opposition against the place.

About fifteen years ago a mission colporteur in Kuwait was, for some reason, evicted from the city. One of our missionaries went there later to see if he could smooth out the troubles, but he was not even allowed to land When another attempt was made a few months later the missionary was only permitted to spend the night ashore and then returned to the waiting steamer. A few months more passed and another attempt was made to pour oil on the troubled waters. Dr. Van Ess, who went there, timed his arrival ashore with the departure of the steamer from the harbor. He then made his way to the castle of the Sheikh, announced himself a guest and, according to Arab hospitality, was entertained for three days. There was danger of Bedouin attacks along the overland route to Busra so that the guest was allowed to remain ten days more, until the arrival of the next steamer. Dr. Van Ess tried hard to win over the Sheikh, but to no avail. In his wanderings around the town he attempted to gain the friendship of this or that citizen or shopkeeper, but an order had gone out that no one should speak to the Christian infidel. On the edge of the town on the seashore was a little rise of ground and here Dr. Van Ess was wont in his loneliness to read his Bible, meditate and pray for the opening of Kuwait.

Today the Mission has on that very mound, where prayers were daily offered for the opening of Kuwait, two hospitals, one for men and one for women; also two missionary residences. We have in the heart of that city a boys' school and a chapel in a native house, where Arabic services are held every Sunday.

What was it that was used to open Kuwait in answer to prayer 1 Medical work. The Sheikh had heard of the Busra hospital, for people of Kuwait were frequently patients there. Some of the Sheikh's relatives and retainers had been there and had only good to say of the doctor and the hospital. His own daughter was operated on under chloroform, so that the Sheikh, realizing what a great benefit hiH subjects would derive from such a hospital, made a request to the Mission to open a hospital in Kuwait.

Bahrein too has an interesting story. About twenty-five years ago an attempt was made to buy land on which to build a hospital, but try as they might, no land could be had. One day two men came to a missionary, and offered to sell him a certain plot of ground. The sale was agreed upon and earnest money paid. Then late one night an Arab friend-and they were few those days-came to the mission house for an interview. He urged the missionary not to buy that land because, he said, there was a conspiracy against him. The men who had proposed the sale had picked out a piece of ground

SOME RESULTS OF MEDICAL MISSIONS IN ARABIA

on which a mosque had formerly stood. This made that ground holy and unsalable. The owners well knew this, but proposed to sell the land, allow the Mission to gather materials for the buildings and then face the missionaries with the charge of building on holy ground. Not only would the agitation of desecration be brought up, but the money paid for the ground would be lost. The friend, and he is stilI a friend, was heartily thanked and the land was not bought. Later another piece was found and the hospital built. It is still in use today.

The sequel to this story reveals an interesting contrast. The hospital at Bahrein was getting too small. There has been a constant increase of women patients and it was deemed necessary to build ARABS TRAVELING ON A BOAT IN PERSIAN GULF another hospital for women and children. Three years ago we approached the Sheikh-son of the Sheikh of the preceding story-and asked him to sell us a piece of land adjoining our hospital property. 'l'here was a large plot there but we wished to buy a section of it that had a splendid stone base. A less desirable plot lay between the mission property and that which we sought. 'l'he Sheikh's agent came to look it over and soon after we received a letter telling us that the whole plot of ground was granted as a gift to the Mission for the service to the community in the past years and as a help towards the realization of our new plans.

'fhe construction of the building planned would cost about $17,- 000 and we had only $11,000. But we had faith that some of the local people would help. 'Ve again approached the Sheikh and asked him to write a superscription for a petition which we could present to some of the rich merchants. He not only sent the written petition but

also a check of 5,000 rupees or about $1,600, as the first local gift toward the building. The total amount subscribed by the people was about 20,000 rupees or about $6,600, most of which was paid. (This includes a gift of $1,600 from The Anglo Persian Oil Co., Ltd., a British concern, with oil fields near Busra.) The great aim of the Arabian Mission since its founding has been the penetration of the interior. This met with a great many obstacles. Few Westerners have ever been able to gain entrance to these unknown regions, probably not more than half a dozen. When, about fifteen years ago, a revival of the Wahabis broke out and the new organization (known as Ikhwan or "Brothers") made its stern and cruel power felt among the yet "unconverted" tribes, the missionaries' task seemed more impossible than ever. Then the great influenza epidemic crossed seas and deserts and entered Riadh, the capital of Nejd. The star of Sheikh Ibn Saoud was then on the rise, but he was not yet known outside his own country. His eldest son and heir was stricken with influenza and, in his extremity, the father sent to Dr. P. W. Harrison, of Bahrein, to come and treat his son. The boy was already dead when the doctor arrived, but the foreigner was allowed to treat other cases and to perform a number of operations. From that time Nejd was opened to medical missions.

Two years later Dr. Harrison again visited the capital and made a longer stay. Again two years passed and an invitation came from the Sheikh for a medical missionary to open work in the capital. The result was my first trip to Riadh. Other visits followed and each time the stay was a bit longer than the previous one and each time more patients came for treatment and for operations.

Three years l;go the fourth invitation came, this time to treat the Sultan Ibn-Saoud himself. He had been ill for over three weeks and was indeed a very sick-looking man. It is always pathetic to see a strong, active, energetic man droop in weariness and pain. Fortunately, his splendid physique responded quickly after a slight operation and treatment. A week after our arrival a public reception was held, which was attended by about five thousand people. During our six weeks' stay in the capital the amount of medical work exceeded anything done during the previous visits. We were requested to go to several other towns farther inland. Camels and guides were provided and we stayed in the towns of Shughra, Aneiza and Boreida two or three weeks each. During all this journey we were the guests of the Sultan and all expenses of travel were borne by him. The farthest point reached was more than twice as far as Riadh, previously the farthest town to which we had penetrated.

,Ve have made medical tours into these provinces, but that does not meall that they are fully open to the Gospel. It is generally understood that we have the privilege of opening our dispensary with Scripture reading and prayer wherever we go, and because we

insist 011 this privilege we cannot establish a permanent foothold. The answer of the Sultan to requests for opening a hospital anywhere in the interior is-"Without your Book and your prayers, come and we will build you a hospital; with your Book and prayers, we do not want you, though we will be glad to invite you occasionally for a few months' stay."

Oman, the southeastern province of Arabia, has also recently flhown its need and desire for the medical missionary. About fourteen years ago the interior of this province rebelled against the Sultan of Muscat, who is theoretically the ruler of Oman. Previously a number of our missionaries had traveled rather freely through the province, but since then no strangers have been permitted beyond the A GROUP OF WOMEN, WAITING FOR TREATMENT DURING A MEDICAL TOUR IN ARABIA coast. About four years ago a truce was established between the interior sheikhs and the Sultan, and an immediate increase of patients from Oman was noticed in our hospital at Bahrein. The Omani is an extremely friendly Arab, much more so than the Nejdi. There is, in fact, a marked contrast between our problem in Oman and in Nejd. In the former place, the people would gladly have us come, but the ruling sheikhs are loath to invite us. In Nejd the people would never dream of inviting us, but the invitation has constantlv come from the man in power. Our problem in Oman was to reope~ a territory once open to the Mission and closed because of local political difficulties The rulers of the interior have constantly refused to allow foreigners in their domain.

A short time ago some geologists, representing a large oil company, were refused permission to prospect for oil. From our hos-

pital in Bahrein, we sent letters with returning patients for about eighteen months to the Sheikh of the interior with only two responses. We then asked for an invitation to visit his province but were met with an evasive negative. Eventually we set out to visit some of the coast towns where we were cordially welcomed and deluged with work. Again we sent letters to the reactionary Sheikh, and were then permitted, though not really invited, to go to Somail, the most important town of the interior. Here we were deluged with work and the "common people heard us gladly." For a time there was considerable opposition to our dispensary prayers, but because we refused to do medical work without them, all objections were withdrawn and the tour was a real success. Two of the sons of the Sheikh came, one for treatment and the younger for a minor operation, three of the women of the Sheikh's household came for major operations and people from every section and from every walk of life came in great numbers. The day we left the town our courtyard was tilled with friends who bade us farewell and who asked for a speedy return. A group of the Sheikh's servants escorted us out of the town, and two went with us all the way to the coast.

Medical work supplies a definite human need. When we realize that these people have absolutely no scientific treatment that can give them relief from pain, fevers and tumors, it is no wonder that many of them travel for ten, twenty and sometimes even thirty days on donkeys, camels or in sailboats to find relief in a hospital. At present the only hospitals in Arabia are on the coasts and are conducted by the Mission. May the time come and come soon, when we shall be permitted to establish hospitals in the interior also/' hospitals to exemplify the love of Christ and to distr~ute the Book of Christ.

THOUGHTS FOR THINKING CHRISTIANS If there was more abiding in Christ there would be less abiding in America. We are saved because of past missionary efforts; others are to be saved by our present missionary efforts. The most momentous fact in the universe, so far as we know, is that 800,000,000 human beings are still groping in ignorance without knowledge of God. Even on the cross, Christ was a missionary to the robber, and His last command was the missionary commission. The real question is not how much of my money will I give to God, but how much of God's money will I keep for myself? "Missions are not a failure in heathen lands, but are a sad failure in many professing Christians at home." "A living sacrifice" is the life poured out in loving ministry for others. How often our own lives are impoverished because we reserve them for ourselves!

Woman's Part in Home Missions*

Woman's Part of the Contribution Which Home Missions is Making to the Present Day Development of the Nation BY MRS. w. o. WINNSBOROUGH, ST. LOUIS, MO.

Presbyterian Church in the United States W OMAN'S part in the present day development of the nation is so largely the outgrowth of her splendid service during many years past that no intelligent consideration of today could fail to include a glance backward at the foundation of what is now the splendid Home Mission work of the women of the churches.

More than half a century ago, the interest of the women in the advancement of the kingdom of God in America, was evidenced in the organization of the Women's Boards of Home Missions, in many of the Evangelical denominations of the United States. Thousands of local home missionary societies had been organized many years previous, and the faithful service of these organizations was a harbinger of the splendid success that should attend the work of the Boards.

These organizations were born of great need-challenging opportunity and eager desire to serve our Lord.

As the years passed these Women's Boards of Home Missions became increasingly useful in the work of the Kingdom. Some of them began as executive committees, auxiliary to the General Boards of Home Missions, gradually taking on larger responsibilities until, with the consent of their highest court, they became independent and in some cases incorporated Boards of the church. Their activities included every department of Home Missions, although in most cases their major emphasis was placed upon educational and community work.

The first quarter of a century of the life of the Women's Boards witnessed marvelous results-well equipped, splendidly manned schools were established among the under-privileged and exceptional classes, none of which failed to receive their quota of help.

Immediately following the war between the States, the Women's Home Mission Boards established many schools for the education of the Negro, and today America is reaping the harvest of this foresight in an educated and Christian leadership, from the Negro race.

Indian Schools were planted on practically all the Government Reservations as well as in the fastnesses of the Appalachian Mountains where isolation was depriving thousands of children of an educationalopportunity. From these mountain schools has come a stream • An address given at the nome Missions Conference In Phlladelphla, Jan. 4, 1927.

95

of youth of pure American blood to take places of national leader- ship. And not a few men, high in authority in our land, received their inspiration and their early education in mission schools in their native highlands. A few years ago a speaker before a national Church court asked all the ministers present who had been born and reared in the mountains to stand, and among the large number of men who responded were pastors of leading churches, chairmen of important committees, and even the moderator of the highest court of the Church. Most of these men, powers in their communities as well as in the Church had received their early education in mission schools taught by consecrated women of Home Missionary societies.

When the wave of foreign immigration into America reached its highest peak, it was Women's Home Mission Boards that employed missionaries to help the immigrant at Ellis Island, and established schools for teaching these new Americans those things which would best fit them for Christian citizenship in their adopted land.

No task was too difficult, no problem too puzzling for the high courage of these splendid pioneer women of our churches. Many were true statesmen in their planning, and the strategic place occupied today by institutions founded by these women is indisputable evidence of their keen vision and fine judgment. If it be true that the success of a republic depends upon an educated and moral constituency, then the patriotic contribution of the Women '8 Home Mission Boards to our national life is indeed a worthy one.

The organization of the Council of Women for Home Missions, made up of practically all of the Women's Home Mission Boards of America, was a strategic move for a united consideration of common problems which has borne rich spiritual fruit and grown into practical missionary accomplishment.

However, a new attitude was gradually evolving in the missionary organizations of the Church as well as in many other departments of life. Women were successfully assuming new and larger responsibilities along with men and on an equal plane. A marked change came about in the mind of the Church as to the wisdom of separate mission boards of men and of women. The amalgamation of the General Boards with the Women's Boards was discussed, and steps taken toward closer cooperation between the two boards. Soon some denominations took their first step towards uniting the work of the two Boards, not without considerable trepidation however, and some opposition on the part of some of their members, both men and women.

The plan of union spread rapidly however, until today there are very few denominations in the United States that have not General Missionary Boards composed of both men and women, or are not in the process of making this change. Those denominations which

WOMAN'S PART IN HOME

organized thei~Woill(!il.~~t~drk rlior~ rJceIltly, arid werd' ~ble' t~,dis-I eern the future plan justl i:J{s'hig; ortl the riiission:HY h6rizori,' er~ct'ed their organization to function effectively as auxiliary to the C~l~r:ch;l with women representatives on all the General Boards. The filct' that in most denominations this representation is not yet adequate in numbers is but proof of the old adage that "Rome was not made in a day," though the future will probably show that women of all denominations are Presbyterian enough to practice "The Perseverance of the Saints" until such time as women shall have equal representation on the Missionary Boards of the churches.

The same spirit of union has shown itself in the increasingly closer affiliation of the Home Missions Oouncil and the Oouncil of Women for Home Missions. Nor is this spirit of union connned to the United States. The movement is even more marked in England today than in America. The International Review of Missions published in London speaks in a recent article of the decided trend toward the amalgamation of Men's and Women's Boards today in the following words: "The principle of full cooperation between men and women is completely recognized. Cooperation in missionary work is in being or in view in everyone of the larger communities of the Church and that as a process of evolution."

We cannot, therefore, tonight fairly consider Woman's contribution to America as the work done solely by the Women's Home Mission Boards, since many have passed or are passing out of existence. We shall be compelled to consider the subject from a broader viewpoint.

The Home Mission task itself is in process of change. A restatement of the objectives of Home Missions is needed today; it must include everything that the term has meant in the past and all that is evolving from the restless changing present; for the task of yesterday is not completed, even though new ones face us today.

Such a list must include the promotion of better race relations. In the Department of Race Relations, we nnd ourselves embarrassed today by our success of yesterday. For more than half a century, the Women's Boards have been giving a Ohristian education to children of other races-the Japanese, the Chinese, the Indian and the Negro. These schools have produced a fine group of intelligent and educated Ohristian citizens, and leaders for our beloved country. But what is the attitude of America, and even of the Ohurch, towards these leaders 7 Where can even the American born Japanese lawyer or minister of the Gospel serve1 His own racial groups are too small to provide him a living. What Anglo- Saxon church would employ him, however great might be his spiritual leadership 1 Who could employ a Negro however well fitted for the position, in any capacity that involved supervision of even the most ignorant 2

February

white men 1 How many ministel'E wau'ld dare arrange an exchange of pulpits with a Negro minister, whatever might be his achievements?

Have we devoted ourselves all these years to a conquest of ignorance, only to face a more deadly foe in race hatred, which seems to increase in intensity as the object of its animosity acquires potential leadership; race hatred which is so foreign to true democracy and to the tenets of God's Word which says "He has made of one blood all nations of men" 1 The task of transmitting race antipathy into brotherly love is one to try our souls and test our faith. Yet the women of the churches are addressing themselves to it courageously and with grat- Hying results. For eight years, a group of representative Southern Church women, both white and colored, have worked as a part of the Inter-Racial Commission of Atlanta, to promote better understanding between the two races. Together they have organized similar commissions in eleven southern states. The effort of these women to wipe out the crime of lynching has been an importaut factor in the encouraging decrease until the past year, in the number of lynchings. The fact that 13 more lynchings are reported this year than last, will but cause them to renew their efforts in this direction.

In September the first Inter-Racial Meeting of Northern White and Colored Women was held at Eaglesmere, Pennsylvania, with fine results. The conflict may be a long one; but race hatred can have no place in the hearts of Christians, if the Church is to take this land for Christ! The present efforts of the women to promote better race relations constitute as necessary a contribution to the Church and the welfare of our land as was the educational program of the 1860's.

THE MIGRANT PROBLEM Industrial conditions in rural America have been gradually changing. Highly specialized agriculture has grown enormously and a large migratory population has come into existence, through the development of new crops on a large scale, in new areas of our country. Seasonal laborers are employed, who move from crop to crop as the season advances, thus making permanent homes impossible. The children are deprived of any opportunity for an education, either secular or spiritual, and of any home influences of the better kind, and are usually pressed into service as workers while children. The migratory life of this population constitutes a national and Home Mission challenge. Women's Boards, through the Council of Women are doing a most interesting work in this difficult field through women workers employed to live among and serve these Casuals. The recent EI Paso Conference on Mexican work emphasized the need of this type of work, and the women who are blazing this new trail will show others the way.

J WOMAN'S PART IN HOME MISSIONS

THE COCNTRY CHURCH The Church of the ~illage and open Coulltry is being carefully studied today. There seem to be at least two general classes under which these needy rural communities may be listed: first, those, long familiar to us, that are handicapped by the remote location, underprivileged citizens and no church or pastor. The second, of more recent development, may have a church and even a pastor but the rural delivery, the telephone, good roads and automobiles, have united in luring the people away to near-by towns and cities, with iheir movies and other pleasure resorts, though not noticeably inereasing the church attendance there. The problem, therefore, seems to be in the first case to find a preacher for the people, and in the second to hold the people for the preacher. It is interesting to note what the women are doing in both types of communities, usually under the title of " Religious Work Directors," although the title is yariously applied in different denominations.

In the state of Georgia, one denomination has seven fine, alert, consecrated young women from the Missionary Training School of the denomination, employed to work in the rural and unchurched sections of the state. The following quotations from letters show us some of the things these women are doing.

"Our Church found that a consecrated woman working and living in the community, helping in the homes, sewing, nursing the sick and caring for the children, could gain ground faster than a man, who would not put up with such an everyday life! In most cases, after a year or more of such service, we have secured a church building of some kind and sometimes a community house too. My first summer was in a community where there was a church apparently dead. After three months' intensive work in building up the community life and interest we had an evangelistic meeting held by our chairman of Home Missions, and forty-six people joined the church, and now they have a Sunday-school, a Christian Endeavor, and a minister one quarter of his time."

Another worker writes: "The remote rural communities in our State have been sadly neglected by all denominations, and as a result the people, instinctively seeking some sort of religion, have been led to believe in many false doctrines, and to follow unwise and unsafe leaders. When a woman enters such a community she has a wonderful opportunity to present the true religion and through community work such as sewing and cooking classes for the girls, industrial work with the boys, social and religious meetings with the mothers, gradually the trend of thought can be turned into different and more wholesome channels. Then in the Sunday-school and Christian Endeavor the foundation can be laid still more firmly, and almost before we know it, there is a following ready for a church organization; the enthusiasm goes still further, and with some help from the committee, a house of worship is erected, and there is a church home where the people can meet together and worship the true God."

The chairman of this work, a minister in Georgia, writes: "By this plan of sending women in to do the pioneer work, we have opened up nine counties in the last three or four years and built fifteen

churches in communities where they werc badly needed. We are running fourteen Sunday-schools and teaching abont 700 pupils."

a 'rhis plan is also being used in Texas, where the Htatc j)ireetor of Religious Education is woman, who has oversight of eight young women who are doing a great work in the rural sections of that state.

In Mississippi, six young women are employed by one denomination in similar work.

SOCIAL SERVICE Another valuable contribution to community welfare is made through the social service departments of thousands of local missionary societies. Through this secretary, jails are visited as well as orphanages, old folks' homes, county farms and city hospitals. Good cheer is carried to the inmates and friendly interest shown. Day nurseries are operated, free clinics and pure milk stations established, supervised playgrounds are provided for needy sections of the community and many other forms of helpful service are carried on by this Department.

EVANGELISM Changes are occurring rapidly in the field of Home Missions. Good roads are not only changing the problem of the rural church, but they are also penetrating the remote sections of the Appalachians where isolation will soon become a thing of the past. State schools follow good roads, and in time will afford adequate educational opportunity to the mountain boy and girl. But State schools do not proclaim the message of salvation, and these children must have Christian homes and Sunday-schools and churches before the mission schools can be spared. Dr. E. C. Branson, in a recent number of World's Work, writing on "Mothers of Loneliness," says that there are 477,000 illiterate women in the mountains east of the Mississippi River. The number of "Quare Wimmen" who are living with and loving and teaching these people needs to be multiplied many times over.

Since, however, primary education will in time be entirely the province of the State and not of the Church, since Americanization is being taken care of by public schools among the new Americans, since more adequate educational opportunities are being-increasingly afforded the Negro, the Mexican, the Oriental, by the State, and the Church will in time be relieved of this task, what then is becoming the paramount Home Mission task of the Church of America! Is it not a renewed emphasis on evangelism, that supreme task of the Church which the State can never assume, the taking of the Gospel to all people everywhere? Is not this today the crying need of rich and poor, high and low, in America 1 Said a noted secular speaker recently: "America's greatest need today is a revival of oldfashioned religion."

WOMAN'S PART IN HOME MISSIONS

Although the IVomen Home Missionaries. are not preaching from pulpits, they are none the less true evangelists, telling the gospel story throughout our land. In mill village and in lumber camp, in mountain cove and on western prairie, they are living and telling, the old, old story. It has always been so. The Church at large may need to renew its emphasis upon Personal Evangelism, but to the women "Missions" has always meant carrying the Gospel! rChat message has been the motivating power and ultimate object of their missionary effort, and they stand loyally ready today to serve in even larger measure in making this beloved land really worthy of its proudest title, "Christian America."

Our consideration of woman's home missionary contribution to her country would be incomplete indeed were we to omit a tribute to that consecrated and self-denying worker-The Woman Home Missionary. For three quarters of a century, these women have lived in the hard places of the land, sometimes shoulder to shoulder with their brave husbands. Sometimes alone. Always poor, attempting a humanly .impossible task, yet with heads up and faces forward, never retreating, never complaining, the bravest 'souls the Church has seen.

Living on a meagre pittance, yet dividing with the needy, doing physical labor beyond her strength, yet helping with the burdens of others, bearing children far from hospital or surgeon, managing in some way to educate large families, with no child allowance from the Boards, with no furlough of rest at stated periods, with no halo on her brow for leaving the homeland, persevering, sympathetic, faithful unto the end, may we tonight place upon the head of the Woman Home Missionary the laurel wreath so long denied her and acclaim her as servant par excellence of her country and of her King.

THOUGHTS FROM OHRISTIAN THINKERS "You might as well try to cure smallpox by scenery as to try to save the world by improvement of environment. "

"Let us fail in trying to do something rather than sit still and do nothing. "

"Nothing is eternal but that which is done for God and others. That which is done for self dies."

"Consistent giving keeps the soul from shrinking." "God will not look you over for medals, degrees, and diplomas, but for scars. " "Doing nothing for others is the undoing of one's self." "With God, over the sea; without Him, not over the threshold."

"Chinese Religion Seen Through

Proverbs"

BY PR.OF. HARLAN P. BEACH, MADISON, NEW JERSEY KING SOLOMON'S Old Testament collection of proverbs, in their entirety, numbered some three thousand; Professor C. H. Plopper, Ph.D., of Nanking University, has made a 381page collection of 2,448 proverbs related to China's religious thought and moral teachings. This volume is by far the best one for those seeking light on such phases of life as may be liberally called Chinese religion. Yet as the author tells us: "For showing their literary i'tructure, wit, grace, beauty, and strength, Arthur H. Smith's 'Chinese Proverbs and Common Sayings' will probably never be surpassed." Another earlier collection is William Scarborough's" A Collection of Chinese Proverbs," 2,720 in number, which we labored over in our China missionary days with the feeling expressed by Dr. Smith in commenting upon the author's deprecatory introduction, in which he craved pardon lest" a few errors may have crept in." To .this the missionary humorist added: "Crept in! They have done more than that. They have come in in swarms, each with its hat on and umbrella spread, and have then taken a front seat." This latter volume has just been republished with additions equalling Solomon's number. Some months ago, Captain A. J. Brace placed in our hands a choice booklet entitled, "Five Hundred Proverbs, Commonly Used in West China," where he has labored for years. He said that these were the most common ones in a collection of eight thousand which he had gathered. As it is said of Jesus that "without a parable spake he not unto them," so the four authors mentioned above made their addresses and conversation acceptable through the knowledge of proverbs which they copiously and profitably used.

Only a few samples from Dr. Plopper's collection can be presented here. We have taken keen delight and have gained much enlightenment from them, despite the fact that the paraphrase oftentimes does not seem at all connected with the Chinese proverbs found below, which sometimes are like Scarborough's spread umbrellas in this Chinese meeting-house. The author often gives the commOn sense of proverbs h&ving no immediate religious or moral bearing. Indeed, Dr. Propper's paraphrases are as illuminating for the student of Chinese religion and customs as are the six ponderous tomes of Professor Dr. de Groot, of Berlin University, in his proposed series of twelve volum{)s-and are vastly more interesting. '['he following are samples of proverbial religion as it is heard on the lips of educated and illiterate alike, taken from one hundred and twenty- lOll three written sources and generously supplemented by proverbs heard by the author in common conversation.

Animism and the religious ideas preceding the formal teachings of Lao Tzu and Confucius occupy eighty-one pages. The next largest section of sixty-six pages has to do with religious doctrines. In the ancient nature-worship Heaven and Earth were prominent, with the dualistic Yin and Yang-positive and negative principlesclosely second.

"Heaven is father and Earth is mother. " "First was Heaven and Earth and then all creatures were born." "Heaven and Earth are the father and mother of all creati(m; and of all things man is most highly endowed spiritually." "If your principles are not good, you sin against Heaven and Earth."

Of the two great dualistic principles, they say: "Out of nothingness was born the Great Extreme; this produced the Yin and the Yang"-the Earth and Heaven-whose "unfathomable operations are spirit." The Yin and Yang principles have been deified as the Royal Father of the East and the Royal Mother of the West, the former living in a paradise in the Eastern Ocean and the latter ruling in the K'un Lun Mountains, said to be the junction point between Heaven and Earth. Thi~ is the place where the Yin and Yang vapors are harmonized.

These two principles, and especially Heaven and Earth, "are known and appealed to in practically every home in China. Early in the morning of the first day of every year the incense burner is taken into the courtyard in front of the door, and there under the clear sky, incense is burned for the family, while the head of the house prostrates himself in worship to the parents of all life."

From that early period came also the worship of the Gods of the Soil, or the spirits of the Land and Grains, to which small shrines are erected all over the land. These often contain a quaint pair of images, represented as husband and wife. While a disparaging proverb runs, "The God of the Soil is munching a cake-he cannot hear any large offering," the great philosopher Mencius asserted 111a t "The people arc the most important element in a nation; the spirits of the Land and Grain are the next; the Sovereign is the lightest "~for which saying, rulers always held a grudge against him, while the people said a hearty Amen. In the Confucian Analects is a proverb sanctioned by the Great Sage: "Faithfulness tranquilizes the spirits of the Land and of Grain; but a sharp mouth overturns home and country." What wonder that small images of these Gods of Soil and Grain are found in many homes, placed on the floor under the altar board that they may be as near Earth as possible to protect the house and its inmates!

Omitting all reference to a host of deities mentioned in proverbs and connected with nature, we introd1lCe the Dragon, regarded as the

king of the animal creation, the emblem of royalty and the symbol of greatness. There are many varieties, inhabiting many places; yet the real element of the Dragon is the water, and there at the bottom of the sea, in a ten-thousand-feet-deep cave, is his palace. "To go down into the ocean to seize the Dragon" is a proverbial way of describing a super-brave man, while of a man who would be helpless out of his proper environment, they say "A Dragon will not leave the deep water."

But of all gods and deities of the Chinese, the one most in evi- dence in the home life is the" Kitchen God," perhaps the oldest wor- shiped in China; Of the more than forty stories that tell the origin of this deity, Dr. Plopper gives that of Chang Tsao-wang, who mar- ried a virtuous young woman who brought good luck to his home. Tiring of her he later put her away and married one of a fast char- acter. Then all went wrong with him so that, blind and a beggar, he unwittingly asked food at the home of his first wife whose cooking and good deeds brought back his sight. Seeing who his benefactor was filled him with such shame that, in trying to escape her gaze, he jumped into the stove not knowing that there was fire in it. His wife mourned for him and placed a memorial tablet over the stove. Later this custom was followed by hundreds of millions of Chinese. The proverbs connected with this god of paper pasted near the fire- place have to do with the end of the year, when as the guardian of the family and cognizant of all its good and evil of the year past, he is unpasted and sent by fire to the Pearly Emperor dwelling in the North Star. That he may give a good report, his mouth is smeared with candy or syrup so that his last impression will incline him to a favorable report to that Emperor. "The Kitchen God has gone to worship Heaven." "The Kitchen God gone to heaven-no place to live," said of one seeking a house to rent. A longer proverb runs, "When the sweetmeats are offered to the Genius of the Hearth, New Year has come. The little girl asks for flowers; the lad wants crackers; the old lady is anxious for a wig; and out of spite the old man breaks his bowl"-for thus he is importuned.

The next chapters relate to later animism and current beliefs concerning spirits good and bad, demons, the phenix, tortoise, and magic in popular religion, fortune telling, charms, jeng shtti in its thousand forms, and the graceful pagoda, protector of the farreaching countryside from malignant spirits. – A few sample religions proverbs may be given, summari'zing a number of them which describe a good woman, and remind us of Solomon's description of such a person: The virtuous wife brings honor to her husband and is a source of strength ·to his moral life. Hence parents should seek goodness rather than beauty in choosing a son's bride. Such a wife creates a desirable atmosphere in her Dew home, creating memories that will be cherished. Her children will be

1927J "CHINESE RELIGION SEEN THROUGH CHINESE PROVERBS"

trained into strong manhood and womanhood, and her virtue will be her one priceless possession, or as the proverb has it, "'fhe excellence of a wife con- sists, not in her beauty, but in her virtue."

Her estimate of its value is thus stated: "It is a little thing to starve to death; it is a serious thing to lose one '8 virtue."

An admission as to her virtue, characteristic of the old regime, is added; "For a woman to be without talents is virtue," i. e., it is better for iii woman not to be bright.

Summarizing for men the proverbs declare: "He whose virtues exceed his talents is the superior man, and to hav~ such a one in the home is to exalt the whole clan. As men of this class increase;, they strengthen the country, 'for virtuous men are a kingdom's greatest; treasure.' . . . So it is the duty of every teacher, father and elder to live~ virtuously before the young. Then the child will also show forth the same' qualities and grow into a perfect manhood."

Half a dozen proverbs indicate that living' a virtuous life is not easy, but calls for watchfulness in small things, a thoroughgoing criticism of one's own life, constant control over one's desires and feelings, for "Virtue is the foundation of happiness, vice the presage of misery. "

As to critics of character, "He who tells me of my faults is my teacll€r; he who tens me of my virtues, does me harm."

This saying of Confucius is also a worthy proverb: "Hold faithfulness and sincerity as first principles, and be moving continually to what is right; this is the way to exalt one's virtue"

Many proverbs having to do with virtue and vice are well worth a place in Christian living, though many others are not.

A prominent series of proverbs has to do with quietism, and that is emphasized especially by present-day scholars, and thinkers, and a few military officers. The doctrine of Taoism, the Tao, is here very prominent: "The freer, deeper life does not come through strife and searching, but by putting oneself in accord with Tao [often identified with God, Reason or Natureland peacefully going with its movements. Should any cause of trouble arise, one should not get angry and excited, but should tranquilly yield to circumstances or to men, and he will win by his very nonresistance. One gains strength by being able to bend before the winds of adversity. As he learns to be placid, his power increases; for the Tao is permeating him."

Another series, covering thirteen pages, has to do with rewards and punishment, for the Chinese firmly believe that "Good has its good recompense, while evil has its bad outcome." "Virtue and vice are sure to be rewarded in the end; only at times sooner, at times later." "Plant melons and you will gather melons; plant plums and you will gather plums." "Each man must suffer for his own sin." "How can you escape the great reckoning 1"

Yet Fate, following Indian ideas of transmigration connected

with Karma from a previous existence, is often mentioned in Ohi- neBe proverbs.

"It was determined in the former life." "Laugh not at the poverty of others; for the affairs of transmigration are just." "Life and death are according to Fate; the great reckoning will be difficult to avoid." "Both riches and honor are settled by Fate; their time of arrival each 11liin must await."

Rewards of the present life are very uncertain: "He hoards to- day, he hoards tomorrow; he does nothing else but hoard. At length he has enough a new umbrella to afford; when all at once he is as- sailed, a wind arises quick, and both his hands grasp nothing but a bare umbrella stick."

The end comes at last and man reaches the Yellow Fountain, or the Nine Fountains-Hell. The Yellow Fountain is supposed to be located in China's westernmost province, surrounded by a large rock 25,000 miles in circumference, having iron walls 10,000 feet high, from which :flames issue. Its prince Yen Wang at the proper time sends his messenger Wu Oh'ang for one's soul. Strong, wiry spirits then punish the culprit according to his deserts. Other proverbs allude to Ti Tsang, a Buddhist Reformer of Hell, who goes from point to point preaching the Law. When he sees a soul truly repenting of its sins, as Deliverer from Hell he induces the King having that particular section of Hell in charge to release him.

Pages of proverbs illustrate the fate of those in the ten great divisions of Hell with their varied tortures. Happily these glimpses of horrors are followed by other pages describing the life of the Immortals and the paradisaical Eastern Isles and Western Heaven, Buddhistic in the main. This "World of Extreme Happiness" is the dying hope of thousands every month j for there Amida Buddha and the ever-pitying goddess Kuan Yin, stand ready to welcome Buddhists to a Paradise perfectly pure as compared with Islam's shamelessly sensuous Heaven.

Chinese proverbs are of a high order relatively speaking. Impurity is lacking, and ethical ideals are dominant in most of the collection, especially when they are from the classics and other literary sources. They do not point out a way of salvation, except in the Buddhist proverbs; and even then it is an ignis fatuus that only uncertainly suggests what is not truly existent. Good sentiments are on every lip, but virtuous conduct and holy lives are rare under prevalent religious teachings. The proverb may be a good starting point for a Ohristian address j but these in Dr. Plopper's superb collection are as devoid of saving value as is Solomon's Book of Proverbs; both demand a Gospel and a Saviour truly to bless the soul.

A Chinese Christian

BY G. W. SPARLING, CH1JNGKING, WEST CHINA Missionary of the United Church of Canada I Na hilly district, one hundred miles south of the city of Chung- king, Liu Tze Ruh was born some fifty-eight years ago. When yet a youth he left the fascinating and invigorating scenes of his country home to seek his fortune in the commercial metropolis of Chungking. He was accompanied by his father who had no capital but earned his living by daily work. 'l'he lad was expected to support himself and also to make a contribution to the family exchequer. His father was brought up as, a member of the Buddhist sect, and the son inherited a strong belief in the reality of the spiritual world as well as an intense desire to inquire into its mysteries.

Soon after his arrival in Chungking the young man heard of the foreign missionaries and was pleased one evening to see, in front of a well-lighted building, a written invitation for passersby to come in and hear the Gospel. He decided to enter and gain whatever light he could on some of the problems that were continually pressing on his young mind. During this first meeting he heard the Christian story of creation. It fascinated him so that he decided to come again and soon became a regular attendant at these services. He purchased a Bible and set himself the task of reading it through. In one year he had finished it several times. Six months after he first heard the Gospel he was baptized and immediately became a voluntary preacher and bookseller. He has sold thousands of books and preached hundreds of sermons but has never accepted any remuneration for this work. From the beginning of his Christian experience he had an intense desire to tell others the news. He would go on long tours carrying Bibles and gospel portions with him preaching and selling as he went. Several times I have heard him express a wish that the last few years of his life might be spent in just this kind of work.

About twenty years ago Mr. Liu was recommended as a clerk with a foreign export and import firm but it was as agent for the Singer Sewing Machine Co. that his most rapid advancement was made. In 1913 he was advanced to the position of general agent covering the whole of the province of Szechwan with a population of seventy million. Here his ability as an organizer was soon seen and he placed agents in all the main cities of the district. He soon became a comparatively rich man and on several occasions was re- (lllGsted to go to other provinces to assist in organizing the work of the company. This work necessitated much travel.

Mr. Liu's desire to do philanthropic work seemed to increase 107

with the increase of his income and he began to look around for the best way to use his money. He early adopted the motto that all he had belonged to the Lord and after deducting sufficient for the needs of his family was prepared to use the remainder in definite Christian enterprises. His liberality was first brought to the notice of the public when he decided to open an orphanage for boys. which was afterwards followed by one for girls in which over a hundred children are working and studying. Several of these pupils have graduated and are now taking responsible positions in mission schools and elsewhere while many others have learned trades which have enabled them to earn a respectable living. In this enterprise as in all others he has insisted that it shall have a Christian atmosphere; Christian worship is held regularly and the Bible is one of the school textbooks.

Mr. Liu did not forget the country home from which he had come some twenty years before, but early decided to do something to bring the people of that district into touch with the Gos- pel and which would stand as a memorial among llis former neigh- bors. As a heathen he would probably have erected a memorial arch but as a Christian he decided that the best :ldR. LIU TZE RU thing was to open Christian schools for the children, so that the coming generation would have opportunities which were denied to their parents.

During all the years Mr. Liu has kept his membership in the same church in Chungking which is now over thirty years old. This began as a mission church entirely financed by mission money but as the membership increased they gradually assumed some of the financial responsibility. Four years ago a committee was appointed to consider the matter of becoming entirely self-supporting and it was largely through Mr. Liu's efforts that this was accomplished. He did not want to give in a way that would overshadow the other members but assumed his share so that the complete budget of $1,500 a year has been raised locally during these years. He has been a real inspiration to the other members as they have had an example of a man who has not forgotten his duty to the church during his time of prosperity. He has done much to combat the idea so prevalent on the mission field that the church is good for those who are in straight-

A CHINESE CHRISTIAN LAYMAN

ened circumstances and need its assistance but is not necessary when men are in independent circumstances.

Having been much in contact with foreign mis8iouaries and being connected with a foreign firm, Mr. Liu decided that he would like to take a world tour. In the spring of 1924 a missionary going • home on furlough to Canada offered to take him and act as interpreter.

His visit to the Christian Church of the West has helped Mr. Liu to get a truer idea of the meaning of the missionary enterprise and how it is financed and managed. Soon after his return he said, "I consider it my duty to tell what I have seen and among other things I hope to give the people of my own country a clearer conception of the Ohristian movement. Many of my people say that missionaries are here as agents of capitalistic governments and supported by strong financial concerns but I have learned the truth of the matter and will tell them that it is only the sacrifice and generosity of Christian people in the West that has made the missionary movement possible." And as we have heard his addresses since his return we 'are thoroughly convinced that he was right when he said that God had a purpose in the journey and we believe that his message on his return is proving even a greater inspiration than was his message to the people of the West. His own faith has been increased and his purpose to spend his time and talents for the Lord has been strengthened. The disturbed condition of the country has greatly interfered with his business and competition has taken away part of his trade but nothing has in any way lessened his desire and determination to spend his life in the service of God and his fellowmen. He sometimes speaks of giving up active business life and going into more direct work for the Church and if that is the way the Lord is leading him he will certainly follow it and God can make him even a greater blessing there than in the sphere that he has already occupied.

The problem of the mission field is to make the Church indigenous and in this one is greatly heartened by association with a man like Mr. Liu. While being ever ready to acknowledge the debt which China owes to missionaries, and realizing that their services are still necessary, he insists that the Chinese Christians should go to the limit of their ability to support their own work. In face of the anti- Christian movement which is abroad he continues to inspire his fellow Christians to aggressive effort believing that the gospel message is what China needs. He has faith in the ultimate triumph of truth and the realization of the Kingdom of God in his own land.

"All who look to the Lord have light in their faces!" is the Chinese version of the text: ' , They looked unto Him and were lightened." One woman who had been welcomed at the first meeting she attended, attributed her conversion to their kindly words. She had said to herself: "I must go again, and hear more of the doctrine that makes people kind."

EGATES AT THE EL PASO CON FERENCE ON ~mXICAN

Studying Mexican Relations at El Paso A ConfeTence to P 'urther InlerTu cial (JJnd International Goodwill BY COE HAYN E, NEW YORK T HE influence of the recent EI Paso Conference on the future development of work among Mexicans will doubtless be felt by all forward-looking organizations which have contacts with the Spanish-speaking people north of the Rio Grande. The conference, held December 11 to 16, 1926, to consider questions relating to the social, religious, educational and economic welfare of Mexicans and Spanish-Americans in the United States, met the anticipation of its sponsors in the matter of attendance and interest. Not only were the church boards affiliating with the Home Missions Council and Council of Women for Home Missions well represented, but present also to participate in the discussions were several officers in the departments of education and health and labor bureaus of some of the border states, as well as members of the faculty of state and denominational colleges. That these agencies met to consider their common problems open-mindedly and mutually sympathetic is in itself epochal in the history of interdenominational cooperation.

Radically transforming results arising from the conference were not predicated by its sponsors. A unity that resides in the desire cooperatively to find and face the facts presented by the five commissions that carried on a pre-conference study of the major problems affecting Mexicans and Spanish-Americans in the United States 110

'STUDYING MEXl:cAN RELATIONS AT EL PASO

was namea as a cherished goal by Dr. Charles E. Vermilya, conference chairman, in his introductory remarks. ""Ve may not all interpret the facts in the same way," he said. ""Ve ('an at least be charitable and sympathetic toward each other, and the presence in EI Paso of any delegate is evidence of a mutual interm;t in a common cause. "Ve meet not to discredit any organization, social or religious, but to . discover, if possible, the privileges to which Mexicans and Spanish- Americans, who are a part of our common social life, are entitled, and the means by which these can be provided. This conference ought to make allies of many who heretofore have had very little to do with each other."

While missionary projects of an evangelistic and educational nature had a generous hearing, these questions did not receive an undue share of the time given over to open discussion. The conference was defined by Dr. Worth M. Tippy, who represented the Ifederal Oouncil of Ohurches at EI Paso, as concerned with the "totality of the lives" of members of the racial group under scrutiny and as one of the most important within recent years. "We have posflibly two and a half million Mexicans in the United States," said Dr. Tippy. "These workers are absolutely essential to our industries. They are here with their wives and little ones. They deserve the best our civilization has to offer, and it is to our interest to give it to them. These great money-spending boards are interested not alone in the spiritual and intellectual progress of these people but in the totality of their lives. This is shown by the studies that have been under way for months in preparation for the conference. Nothing better indicates the revolution which has taken place in the scope and interests of religious work during the last quarter century."

That the discussions were confined to vital matters may be seen by a perusal of some of the questions raised. The following are fairly representative: Leadership: Is present leadership adequate? Is it adequately trained ~ What is the place of the Mexican leaded The Spanish- American leaded The Anglo-American leaded Is adequate provision available for training leaders ~ Is the interdenominational training of leaders feasible? What steps should be taken to provide training for leaders? Are salaries adequate? What is the relationship between rate of salary and effectiveness of work?

Interdenominational cooperation: How much is desirable and feasible? What things can be done better interdenominationally~ What things better by denominational groups? What are the pres- ent comity arrangements r Are they being carried out effectively1 What llew arrangements should be made? Are there present cases of denominational overlapping? How can these be corrected 1 How can they be' avoided in the future~ Local church programs: What is the usual type of local church

program in a Spanish-American or ~Iexican church 1 Is it adequate ~ 'What are its strong points and what are its weak ones ~ Is there adequate help for putting the program iuto operation'? ·What modification should be made! What provision is lllade for training local leaders 1 Is the preaching' of a satisfactory and worthy character? Is the church school on a creditable basis"/ Is attention given to young people's organizations fAre clubs and similar organizations provided for boys and girls 1 Is week-day religious instruction a factor of the work~ Are daily vacation church schools feasible and how can they best be promoted and conducted 1 The Mexican industrially: How shall our schools, our churches, our community houses make any impression upon Mexicans who move constantly from place to place f What shall we say of an economic system which, by the very nature of the case, makes homes impossible? What have you to say about the little children who toil in the beet-fields f What shall we do for people who live upon wheels 1 The Mexicarn and his comm~£nity life: What can the church do to persuade !lgricultural companies to provide adequate housing for their employees? How can we create in our people a desire for better homes? Is the Mexican a homogeneous element in our national life? If not so now, is he likely to become so, How does he measure up to our American standards-economic, social, racial ¥ What is your church, or your community house doing to help him fit in? What values does the Mexican bring with him which can be contributed to our American life? How are the factors of a steady and living wage, home ownership, and the attitude of the American community to be evaluated as helping or hindering his adjustment to American life f The Rev. Vicente Mendoza, native Methodist pastor of Mexico City, and Jose Kelly, general delegate of the Mexican Federation of Labor, both shed light on the religio-political situation in Mexico. They urged the necessity of time and patience on the part of all concerned in the working out of the ideals of the Calles government in its heroic struggle to direct affairs in Mexico to the end that Mexico may make a positive contribution to the civil, industrial and cultural progress of the world in spite of the inimical alien forces that steadfastly refuse to release their grip upon her life-sources.

More humanitarian methods in the deportation of Mexicans from the United States were recommended by the conference; also that the United States and Mexico appoint a joint commission on emigration and immigration "to recommend to their respective governments appropriate legislation" regarding immigration policies.

The conference expressed its desire "to urge upon our government that its relations with Mexico be developed in an atmosphere of sympathy and mutual goodwill, and that all questions at issue be approached with exceeding patience and resolved through conference and discussion."

CHURCH· OF THE BRETHREN MISSION SCHOOL AT GARKIDA, NORTHERN

WEST AFRICA, A JOURNEY OF 1030 MILES FROM THE WEST COAST.

The picture shows the boys and the girls and the school in September. 1925. (Those. kneeling In front row are girls.) Why I Like My Missionary Job BY ALBERT D. HELSER, F.R.G.S., NIGERIA, WEST AFRICA Author of "In Sunny Nigeria"

JAMES GORDON BENNETT sent Henry M. Stanley into Central 1frica with the commission: "Find Livingstone, never mind t~~ cost; find Livingstone and bring him back." The Word of Jesus Christ to His Church is, "Find lost men; never mind the cost; find them and bring them back to Me,"

With this in mind H. Stover Kulp from the University of Pennsylvania and the writer, from rreachers College, Columbia University, traVeled a thousand miles into the interior of North Central Africa.

On a crisp November morning we set our faces toward the land of our heart's desire. Six years in college and graduate work had made me a little impatient to be off.

By steamer to England and then on to Nigeria; by train, Ford, horseback or on foot we traveled 1,109 miles into the interior and located at Garkida, Northeastern Nigeria, south of Lake Cht!9. 1,030 miles from the West Coast.

The shadows of disease and death stalk everywherel,tmong.;.the pagans of North Central Africa and there are no cities of refuge. I visited a village which was deserted because of smallpox. Those 113 3

who were able to go had fled to new quarters; they were helpless and hopeless. As we went near the door of a hut we heard a voice and saw a form of a woman blinded and disfigured with smallpox. There were dead to be buried with few to bury them. A few months before we had seen bodies twisted with cerebro-spinal meningitis. Lepers with bleeding hands and feet cry out for help from many a gateway. Little children scream and groan from the torture of heathen practices.

'llhere are many languages in Central Africa and this creates a tremendous difficulty. In the Bura tribe where we are located the people knew nothing of a written language. There is no Bible, no school books, nothing on paper.

A BURA COMPOUND IN THE MIDDLE OF A CORNFIELD

WHY I LIKE MY MISSIONARY JOB

Ignorance, polygamy and devil worship in their worst fOl'ms a 1'0 entrenched as deep as hell itself. I like my missionary job because it is a commission from my Master Himself, and because it is difficult but what gives a greater thrill is to realize that there is hope of victOl'Y· The doctor vaccinated the children and some grown people in that small deserted village and we told them of the hope. Some were delivered from an awful death and told of a Saviour's love.

011e father came running after us V~ as we left. A child was in his arms and the father begged that delivering medicine might be ad- ministered. Lepers are being treated and some are showing marked improvement. The new ray of hope has put a new gleam in their eyes and a smile on their faces. Little children are exchang- ing their screams of despair ror I';ongs of joy and hope and their groans for loving words and prayers to Jesus Christ.

The language is being reduced to writing and the gospels are heing tmnslated into Bura and are print~d by the British and For- eign Bible Society. Ignorance is beginning to give way. Ninety- four boys and sixteen girls have been enrolled in our mission school and have learned to read. There LI'rTLE MOSE]SS 1IlJTNriGo~O SEE WHAT are small beginnings in industrial education. The missionary doctor gives regular instruction in sani- tation and hygiene.

Harmful social customs and superstitions are giving way. Young men are beginning to refuse the urge of their parents to take the second wife. Men who three years ago marched around the moun- tain and called for rain are now quietly kneeling in our little church and praying to God for rain. Some who watched through the long nights in fear of evil spirits now say the Lord's Prayer and "lie down to pleasant dreams." It is a joy to serve Christ in Central Africa. Hopes are begin- ning to' be realized and new and larger hopes are being born all the time.

I like my missionary job because it has a great future. As we

write on the tablet of the hearts of the youth we are determining the future of the nation. VlTe hope to see established a training center for teachers and preachers that will wield a determining influence over millions of men who are now pagans and Mohammedans. There is a great opportunity in our pagan area to win the people to Christ before they have been mis- led into accepting another religion.

'1'he1'e is a great field before us. More missionaries are needed in Nigeria. For 200 miles to the north and 1,000 miles to the east there are only two Lutheran mis- sionaries. This field needs men who know Christ and will obey His Word.

A few weeks ago I was preach- ing near a sacred lake in Buraland and a horseman called for me to come quickly for a woman had been caught and mangled by a crocodile.

I found her in awful agony. A great chunk of flesh had been bit- ten from her hip and there were THREETE~r;[R~r;.r!i6c~.ftk~r;; ON other big wounds on her legs. We $ ~' did our best but she died. When we asked about killing the crocodile they said, "Oh no, it may have the spirit of a man in it and he would die." This is one of the super- stitions that need to be changed. With God's help the time is not far distant when a woman will be of more value than many crocodiles.

I like my job because it is God's work; it is difficult; it is needed; it is hopeful; it is worth doing.

SEED THOUGHTS FOR MISSIONARY SPEAKERS "The only relationship big enough for one man is all the rest of mankind. " "It is of less consequence what truth a man holds than what truth holds the man." "The consecrated missionary church is not a cistern, but a living fountain. " "No interest in missions ~ The only explanation is either inexcusable ignorance or willful disobedience." "The man who does not believe in missions had better burn up his New Testament, for it is a record of missions." "This work of missions is the biggest, the most far-reaching, most divine task that confronts the twentieth-century man."

Mohammed to

A Testimony by an Indian Mohammedan Who Is Now a Christian Student in America BY RABIB YlUSUFJI, PRINCETON, NEW .TERSElY W HILE I do not know the date and circumstances of my birth, I know that I was born about thirty years ago in that ancient and "holy" city of Ujjain, in the state of Gwalior, about five huudred miles northeast of Bombay. My parents belonged to a very strict sect of Shiah Mohammedans, known in India as Bohra-a sect which forbids its male adherents to trim their beards, to use intoxicating liquors or drugs, to smoke or chew tobacco. Women must not go unveiled in public, and both sexes are required to meet the appointed hours of prayer, and to observe the month of fasting and other Moslem customs.

When 1 was about six years of age, my family moved to Basim, a town farther south, where my father was employed by a cloth merchant. Soon I was placed in a grade school, under the guidance of Mohammedan teachers. I still remember the remarks which my father made as he introduced me to my instructor: "Sahib, here is my boy. All the flesh belongs to you, and all the bones belong to me." The teacher saw to it that I did not put on too much flesh by freely applying his professional cane to my tender hide.

While I was a pupil in the fourth grade, a terrible plague broke out in Basim and we were ordered to flee to the open country. My father, being a fatalistic Moslem, believed that nothing could harm a man without the will of Allah, so he kept on attending to business as usual. As a result, my father died of plague, leaving behind him five helpless dependents. My mother came with her four children to live at the home of my maternal uncle in the village of Rustumpur, Central Provinces, where she performed "the widow's rite," by dressing herself in white garments (a sign of deep mourning) and remaining in a state of seclusion for about four months and ten days.

After staying with my uncle for eight months, I returned to Basim, and worked as a page, assistant cook, nurse and errand boy for the same family that had employed my father. A little later on I was asked to continue my schooling, and began studying English. Being separated from my mother made me long in my heart to see her once more, but one day a postal card from my unele announced her marriage to a man in Bombay. Grief so overwhelmed me that I went to a well, determined to end my life. Just as I was about to throw myself in, I seemed to hear a small voice pleading with me not to commit that awful deed. After a brief meditation, I yielded to its pleadings.

117

When another plague broke out in Basim, I had to leave the town and this ended my schooling as I was about to finish the sixth grade. I went to Rustumpur to stay with my uncle who was very prosperous. Soon he made arrangements for the wedding of his younger brother, and at the same time solemnized my marriage to his own daughter, a girl of about ten, though we did not live together as husband and wife due to our minority.

I continued to live with my uncle, that I might pay the debt which he thought lowed him, for giving me his beautiful daughter, thereby losing a chance to make seven hundred rupees.

He treated me as his hired man, and soon showed a spirit of tyranny. One day he beat my younger brother so severely that he cried out for some one to deliver him from the blows that made the poor boy's body black and blue. I rushed into the barn and picked up a piece of firewood, which'

I threw at my uncle with such force and accuracy that he was laid up in bed for several days. I fled from my father-in-law's house and on the way met my paternal uncle who begged me to come to his house. A telegram was sent to my mother and stepfather to come down and settle the family quarrel. The truce was declared and my father-in-law requested me to write out a bill of divorce for my girl wife. I did not do it at that time- HABIB YUSUFJI for which later I was sorry. .My younger brother and I were expelled from my father-in-Iaw's roof and we returned to the city of Ujjain where we were employed by a merchant to go to the Island of Lombok, nearly five hundred miles from Australia. I went out immediately to become bookkeeper for the firm and my brother was to follow later with my employer. After a long voyage I arrived at Ampenan, Lombok, to find that I was not yet fitted for such a re- sponsible task. The man in charge of the concern asked me to tutor his son in thc Koran. 'rhc lad waR spoilcd by self-indulgence and after sevet"UI weeks J gave llim lip as a llOpeless casco I took n stcamer for Sillgaporc I1111I fOllnd clllploymcllt as a cook ill a llonw where I had stopped as a guest on the way out.

During the last month of my year's contract, my Mohammedan-

l<"'ROM MOHAMMED 'fO CHRIST

polygamist-priest-merchant-employer left his place of business for a pilgrimage to Mecca. He never came back alive, and as soon as the report of his death reached Singapore, the business was closed. I invested my salary in merchandise to peddle from one street corner to another. My younger brother arrived, and as the life was too strenuous for him in Singapore, I found steady employment for him in a neighboring city.

My life as a peddler was full of hardships~ with very little income. Another young man and I entered into partnership and traveled far and wide, through jungles and on the water. We were told there were ample opportunities to acquire wealth in China, so we sold all our goods at auction and bought tickets for Hongkong. Our trip turned out to be a fool's errand, and we returned to Singapore. We secured. employment as cooks on a steamer carrying oil to England.

In the latter part of December, 1912, we sailed from Singapore and came to Cardiff, Wales. We were horrified when we learned there that our next trip was to be to America. The Bengalese Sunnite Mohammedan seamen had no use for us, who were Shiah Mohammedans from Western India. The rough ocean in the month of January made it very difficult to prepare meals on time, but whether seasick or not, I had to feed the hungry mob. Daily insults and abuses were increasing.

When we reached Philadelphia I decided to run away, though I had insufficient clothing and, as it was February, the weather was unspeakably cold. I had to walk fast to keep myself from freezing. After many hours' wandering, I came, hungry, cold and exhausted, to the custom house where I saw a group of laborers unloading a freight car. A colored man, with a kindly face, gave me a'dime to buy something to eat in a lunch room, but it did not satisfy completely the hunger I had. It began to rain again and I felt chilled more and more. I asked the same colored man if he could find me a place to sleep and he agreed to take me to his own home. He gave me some clean clothes, including an American shirt, which I wore with the shirt-tails on the outside, much to the amusement of the young couple.

At supper I did not touch the meat because I was afraid it might be pork, which is not permitted to Mohammedans. After a short period of rest which I had needed greatly, I obtained work as a street cleaner at thirteen cents an hour. Being discouraged at the prospect of becoming wealthy, I decided to leave Philadelphia and wandered to Freeport, Long Island and Garden City Estates, L. 1., until I arrived in New York City.

One Sunday afternoon I came near a group of boys who had been gambling on the bank of the river. They robbed me of some sixty cents, which I had in my vest pocket, but failed to find three or four dollar bills in my coat pocket. I was so terrified with New York

that I left it the next day, finding a job on the Lackawanna Railroad at Analomink, near Stroudsburg. I worked in a stone quarry until the laborers went on strike a few weeks later. 'l'hen I returned once more to New York and was employed by the Erie Railroad to go to Union City to work on the section gang. I was given an old freight car for living headquarters, but one ni~ht was sufficient, as I found there unmentionable creatures ready for a real feast t I was impelled to return to Jamestown and that proved to be the turning point of my life. I found work in a table factory, where my fellow workers became friendly, though sometimes their influence was not of the best. I began to drift away from some of the teachings of my early home life and Mohammedanism. 11:y fellowlaborers told me that liquor was the thing that kept them warm in winter and cool in summer and, once having acquired the taste for it, I began to drink more and more. After a few months, some of the young men asked me to go with them to a night school. One day I saw a man from my own country, and found that he was an agent for the Salada Tea Company earning a very substantial salary each week. He told me I could do the same if I went to 8J school for about three years to learn English. Money was the thing I wanted, but I had no idea where I could get the education. Some Albanian boys in the factory asked me to come to the Y. M. C. A. each Sunday night where they learned something about the Bible, taught in very simple English. I laid aside my religious scruples so as to learn the langllage to help me in business.

One Sunday night, Mr. Baldwin, the leader of the meeting, invited me in his class and gave me a copy of the New 'restament. I had never handled the Bible with such a willingness to learn something about the Book as I did that night. The kind and sympathetic interest of MI'. Baldwin in my affairs led me to open my heart and tell him about my joys and troubles. He had a deep passion for souls and I shall never forget the night when he told me in his gentle way that Christ was the Son of God. To me it sounded utter blasphemy because as a boy I was taught that there was no God but Allah and that he neither begets nor is he begotten. If a similar statement had been made by another person I almost would have been ready to fight with him. When Eastertime came, Mr. Baldwin asked me if I would like to join the Church, but I was by no means ready to accept the Christian faith, then. Night after night at the close of the service he would tell me more about Jesus and about the lost condition of my so111 without Him. Roth he and Mrs. Baldwin kept on praying for me.

One day T asked Mr. Baldwin if tllere was any dtanee for me to go to a school. He said" Surely, thcre is a place wl1ere they take care of boys in your condition and that is Oberlin Academy, Ohio, where one of your Albanian friends entered just recently." The season

FROM MOHAMMED TO CHRIST

was SO far advanced that I could not get in that year, but I made arrangements with some teachers in the town to give me private lessons in grammar and arithmetic. The first year in Oberlin was especially hard because of my unfamiliarity with the language.

The greatest thing that happened to me the next year was my decision for Christ. One night I went to hear Dr. Sherwood Eddy and towards the close of his talk he made an appeal to us to decide what we would do with our lives. I went to my room and struggled to find out what my life was to be. Hitherto I had worshipped gold with all the passion of my heart, but after having been at Oberlin with some of the finest Christian boys and girls of America, I began to realize that money was not everything in life. I saw America's real greatness lay in its ideals and these ideals had for their foundation Christianity, or, to be more definite, Christ. I realized that Hinduism and Mohammedanism were not enough to meet the deepest spiritual and material needs of the land of my birth. I thought of the wretched condition of the millions of outcasts whom I was taught to despise and regard worse than dogs. I realized that if I were to help India truly it must be through Christ. But how could I become a Christian ~ I had been married to a girl in India-my first cousin. Could I be disloyal to the faith of my ancestors, betraying the confidence my mother had in me ~ Would it be worth while to return to India as a Christian, only to be put to death by one of my fanatical fellow-countrymen ~ As I pondered upon these problems certain verses of the Bible came to my help: .

"What shall it profit a man if he gain the whole world and lose his own soul? "

"Seek ye first the kingdom of God and his righteousness, and all these things shall be added unto you."

"He that loveth father and mother more than me is not worthy of me." "He that taketh not his cross and followeth after me is not worthy of me." "He that findeth his life shall lose it, and he that loseth his life for my sake shall find it."

But there was on my heart the burden of sin. The more I read the Bible and studied the matchless and sinless life of Christ, the more I realized how great a sinner I was. But when I learned that the Lord Jesus had come into the world to give His very life on the cross in behalf of sinners, I found new hope and comfort. After waiting on God for some time that night, I rose from my knees, having made a surrender of my life to the will of my Saviour.

Next I went to Mount Hermon School, founded by D. L. Moody. During the junior year, there came to me the sad news of the death of my youuger brother, and my mother urged me to return to India. Soon after this, my only sister died-a victim of child-marriage. I felt it my duty as a Christian to have my marriage to my uncle's

daughter annulled by declaring myself, in a letter to my mother, uncle and the "pope" of our sect, dead to the Moslem faith. ,The word "dead" was taken literally and my girl-wife mourned for me as a widow for the usual period.

After graduating from Mount Hermon School with the class of 1919, I went to Gordon College of Theology and Missions in Boston and received the degree of Bachelor of Theology. In the fall of 1923, I entered Colgate University and was given the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1925. Since then, I have been a student in Princeton Theological Seminary and received the degree of Master of Theology last May. It is now my purpose, God willing, to spend three more years for advanced studies in America and then to return to India in the service of Christ and my fellow countrymen.

It is my prayer that those who have read this story may be encouraged in the faith that Christ can save and save to the utmost; that as He has transformed lives in the past, He can do so in this twentieth century; that when everything else fails, prayers prevail; that with God nothing is impossible. His Spirit can bring even a Mohammedan, a lost sinner like myself, to rejoice in the peace and salvation which Christ alone can give to a human heart.

A MOSLEM PREACHER CONVE:RTED A few years ago a preacher of Islam, sent by a Mohammedan missionary society to Bulandshahr, in the United Provinces, India, was brought under Christian influence. As he read the Bible, a new light seemed to dawn upon him and he began to see the beauty of Christ. He said, "The teachings of Islam, which before this seemed to me most fascinating and which I have hitherto preached with glory, now appear to me abominable." What attracted him specially to study Christianity was the testimony of a worker to the effect that Christ not only forgives sin, but also gives us power to overcome sin. When he was convinced of the infinite superiority of Christ over Mohammed he at once sent in his resignation to the Mohammedan missionary society. A number of moulvies argued with him and tried to dissuade him from becoming a Chl·istian. But the more they tried to dissuade him the more he seemed to be drawn towards Christianity. After several months of study, during which he endured many privations, he was baptized. His one great desire is to dedicate himself to God's true service in His Bon Jesus Christ.-Church Missionary Society Gleaner.

Turkestan

BY G. W. HUNTER, TIWAHFU, SINKIANG Missionary of the China Inland Mission, 1889- CHINESE Turkestan is a large tract of country extending far into Central,Asia, from the province of Kansu (China proper) to the province of Ferghana in Asiatic Russia (a distance of about 1,100 English miles), and from the borders of rribet north to the province of Semipalatinsk in Siberia, a distance of some 560 miles. The total area of Chinese Turkestan is about 550,590 square miles. The T'sien Shan Mountains almost cut this large tract of land in two, thus separating the Taklamakan desert on the south, from the Zungarian plain on the north. The eastern part of the province encloses a great part of the Shamo or Gobi Desert.

The T'ien Shan Mountains and those on the borders of Tibet, Kashmir and Fergahana, almost encircle the Taklamakan Desert, and during the cold seasons of autumn and winter they store up a great supply of snow, which in the spring and summer melts and rushes down in scores of rivers and streams towards this great sea of sand. These valuable waters, however, are not all lost in the sand for they are caught and turned into irrigation canals and water-courses which in turu fertilize the lands of many cities, villages and thousands of farms, in this western portion of the province.

The inhabitants of these cities, villages and farms are called Sarts by the Russians; and Ch'an T'eo by the Chinese. The latter name meaning wrap heads, this name is given them because of their custom of wrapping large white turbans round their heads.

With the exception of the Swedish Missionary Society in the cities of Kashgar, Yangi-Hissar, and Yarkand, in the far west of the province, there are no Protestant Christian missions at work in all this large district. In the above stations, school, medical, literary, evangelistic and pastoral work has been carried on for quite a number of years, sometimes under difficulties, yet not without a measure of success. The above society also has a printing press where portions of Scripture, Christian literature, tracts and school books, etc., are printed.

Pioneer work amongst the Sart people is not at all easy, and some of us have experienced a good deal of opposition and even personal violence when trying to preach the Gospel in some of the large eities. However, many pltrtions of Scripture and tract" have been distributed, and many of the people know about the Gospel. In some iustances this colportage work has heen a belp, and in others it has raised more opposition, especially when the people understood that the Gospel declared that Jesus was the Son of God.

123

In the northwestern portion of Chinese Turkestan, there is a district extending from Barakul westward to Kulja, a distance of some 600 miles. Here also the accumulated snows of the T'ien Shan Mountains melt in summer and swell the rivers which run northward toward Zungaria, supplying large cities, hamlets and fa rms with precious water. There are also many Sarts in this district, still the greater part of the population is composed of Chinese and Chinese Mohammedans. The latter are called Tongans..

In this large district there is only one mission station, at Urum- chi, the capital of the province.

This city is called Tiwahfu by the Chinese. From this center a goo~ deal of itinerant work is carried on; and most of the large cities in the district are visited. Our methods of work have been itiner- ant, colportage, evangelistic and pastoral, together with a little medical work.

The work has been specially difficult, partly owing to the opium habit and gross immorality which prevail so much amongst the peo- ple, along with the rush for gain and the shifting nature of the population.

There are a few baptized Christians here in Urumchi but so AN OLD STYLE MONGOL OFFI CIAL far the church membership is very small. In this district there are not only Chinese and Tongans but also a large number of nomad Qazaq Mohammedans, and Mongols. In the winter time the Qazaqs spread about over Zungaria but in summer they go to the heights of the T'ien Shan, IIi, Tarabaghatai and Altai mountains. -""Ve have also tried to do colportage and evangelistic work amongst the Qazaqs and as a rule (although very wild), we find them more open to the Gospel than are the Sarts and 'fongans. Until some few year s ago they had never had the Scriptures in their own tongue, but lately the British and Foreign Bible Society have come to our aid and printed gospels in the Qazaq dialeet.

M ONGOLS The various tribes of Mongols are Torgut, Zungar, Chukllar and Uranghai. The To.rguts are mostly in the Kal'ashar district and in the Sour and Tarabaghatai mountains. The Zungars are about the

927] CHINESE TURKESTAN

Kash River and in the district west of IIi, the Chakhars at Bortala, northwest of IIi, and the Ul'anghai mostly in the Altai and Kobdo districts. We have tried to do a little itinerant, colportage and medical work amongst the Mongols, and have made quite a few friends amongst them. The British and Foreign Bible Society has supplied us with gospels both in the Kalmuk and Halha Mongol dialects, also in Tibetan which is understood by many of the Mongolian priests.

MANCHUS There are also three different tribes of Manchus in the IIi dis- trict j namely, Manchu, Sipo and Soluen. The Sipo and Soluen are mostly farmers dwelling on the south side of the IIi River and as a l"Ule only speak Manchu. The Manchus are mostly soldiers and policemen in the IIi and Chuguchak cities. Many of them ctm speak ,Chinese though they read Manchu.

'1.'he British and Foreign Bible Society has also printed the Gospels especially for these peo- ple, as they are the only Manchus who still speak their own native tongue.

During the years since the Chinese Republic was inaugurated, the Manchus have suffered finan- cially and otherwise, so that some of the Manchu cities that were for- merly wealthy and prosperous are now in ruins. Owing to the vast extent of this province and the many different tribes and different languages, the few missionaries now in the province are not nearly TO NGAN MOHAMME.DAN adequate for the great need.

'fhere are only two missionaries in the eastern district, separated from those in the west by a hard journey of fort y-five stages, over 1,000 miles in all. The work is difficult and the pioneer will be sure to encounter hardships in traveling, loneliness and opposition, etc., but this is what may be expected in all such pioneer work and should not discourage but rather inspire those who are called by God to service in far-off corners of His vineyard.

A MOTOR BOAT APPROACHING NANl'HNG

N anning-A City in China BY H. LECHMERE CLHvr, FORMERI,Y OF NANNING, WEST RIVER, CHINA nACITY in China is a conglomeration of souls who live their nar- row colorless lives, and whose fathers lived similar existences, before them, century after century. The white man comes from a far country and settles in their midst and tells them a strange story, nineteen hundred years old, and they do not believe him; but in so far as they can make use of him they do. But there are some who seek for the things that matter, and a little church gathers round the Christian missionary in time.

It was such a city to which the writer went nearly twenty years ago, with the idea of preaching the Gospel and,healing the sick. , The American, who was then the only foreign resident, beside the Roman Catholics, gave the Englishman the right hand of fellowship: the stranger had nothing, when he arrived, and did not know where he might that night lay his head: he had no Society and no Board behind him. Before a year had passed the doctor had a temporary hospital with three beds, a well-stocked dispensary, a small chapel, and a Chinese house adapted so that he and his wife could live in it, with comfort. Meanwhile the city, though more than 500 miles from the 126

NANNING-A CITY IN CHINA

coast, had been opened as a Treaty Port, and the doctor was earning a competence as Customs Medical Officer.

This city, Nanning, is now not only advanced to be an open port, but has become the capital of the Province of Kwangsi. Motor boats connect the city with the outside world, as well as with the cities on the borders of Tonkin and Yunnan. Business men have been keen to seize every opportunity open to commerce, but the Church of Ohrist has practically left the few missionaries alone, in a field more needy and neglected than any in China, while opportunities pass never to return. Weare undermanned, overworked and hampered on all sides for want of adequate support.

It seems as if throughout all heathen lands there is the same bitter cry, "Can the Church of Christ do nothing more for a lost world?"

We dare to say that there is no portion of the world more needy than Nanning, eastwards for two hundred, and westwards for six hun- dred miles.

This c.ity, being the capital of Kwangsi, draws students not only from all parts of this province but from the adjoining towns in other provinces as well. These students petitioned the writer again and again to open an English school-they asked him till they were weary and he became ashamed. An Anglo-Chinese college would get into grip with these future leaders of the nation, an<d bring them into touch with Christ as nothing else could; but there are no reinforce- ment to take this wonderful opportunity, and those men pass out of reach, and the missionaries get a reputation for weakness and inef- ficiency. < There are many baby girls born every day, who are "not wanted," and are disposed of by their parents in one way or anoth(jr.

We give public notice that we will take in these castaways: they are brought in readily enough until our inadequate staff can deal with no more, and babies have to be turned away-turned away to what? < We dare not stop to think. The neighbors mutter, "They promise to receive them and then when we bring them they won't have them!

What people!"

A third e~erience and a very bitter one: from the beginning we have desired earnestly to build an asylum for the poor wretched lepers of these parts. This opportunity has gone-how7 Because the lepers have been burnt alive! Impossible! Only too horribly possible. While we Christians were waiting for money and helpers to carry out our scheme of mercy, the Chinese authorities dealt with the problem in their own fashion. If you were to take a walk outside the north gate of the neighboring city of Lungchou, you would come across a mound. Ask the passers-by what it means and they would tell you that that mound covers a ditch with the ashes of more than a hundred lepers, men, women and children. These were enticed to

this spot by promises of rice. The poor lepers came, all unsuspecting, probably several of the children still untainted by the disease. A great ditch had been dug and soldiers were waiting who at a signal surrounded the crowd and fired into them. Dead, wounded, and living were then shoveled into the ditch; kerosene oil was poured over them, and the pile set alight.

This method of segregation in South China has occurred twice. '1'he latest instance was when the leper" village," outside the city, was surrounded, and the inhabitants, men, women, children and babies, forced into a deep trench and similarly burned to death. A THE EMMANUEL MEDIOAL MISSION IN NANNING European resident who knew the facts warned me not to write of them, as he said, "You can't expect the people at home to believe these things."

The larger human problem arrests our attention every day in Nanning. A medley of races jostle one another in the narrow streets: not only representatives from everyone of the eighteen provinces, but others who are not Chinese at all, though they dress as such and appear to be the same. They are the original natives, who were in possession when the Chinese came down a thousand years ago, and who are similar in race to the T 'ai and Shan families who inhabit Tonkin, Siam and Burma. There are millions of these left in Kwangsi, Kweichow and Yunnan, whose evangelization has

1927J NANNING-A C'ITY IN CHINA

hardly been attempted. Their languages and habits are distinctly non-Chinese, and they are on the other hand separate from the Miao and other aboriginees. These millions present the biggest problem that the Church of Christ has to face. An American, the late Rev. Clifton Dodd, who traveled overland from North Siam to Nanning told the writer that he was the first missionary he had encounteredhis whole journey had been through unoccupied, untouched fields. The Christian Alliance Mission has two men in Annam to work among the twenty millions of the T 'ai races there.

We have mapped out our own "parish" as running from Nanning, along the right branch of the West River, to the borders of Yunnan; we have even rented a house in the big "unoccupied" city of Poseh, a great trade mart and future railway center, but our small forces are tied hand and foot to Nanning and we cannot move. There are now in Nanning three British missionaries, four American Christian Alliance workers and six Seventh Day Adventists. Restricted as we are from want of workers we are using to the utmost what forces we have.

But though the doctor cannot get out to the people, as he would like to do, they come to him from hundreds of miles around and listen to what he has to say. Then the sufferers go back to their distant homes with their hearts open to new influences, with ingnorance and prejudice largely removed. The soil has been prepared, and perhaps the people of that village are ready to turn an attentive ear to the Christian message; but who is there to follow up the work, to sow the seed and water iU Our schools have worked miracles. To understand what this means one must know Nanning-its incredible ignorance, prejudice and apathy; but to see all these characteristics in their extreme one would have to live here. These people all speak a corrupt form of Northern Mandarin, being descendants of soldiers from Shantung and Chekiang, who were sent here by the then Emperor nine centuries ago to quell a local rebellion. They settled here with their families, the idea of the government being to form a nucleus of loyal population. If these worthy folk were at all like their descendants of today they must have been quite "safe"-too narrow and apathetic to be disloyal!

The adults are indifferent to the Gospel but what a mighty difference our coming here has made to the children! And yet we have no funds to build a boarding school; and that is almost a necessity for permanent results.

We who know the filth, the sordidness, the brutality of these homes can only marvel at the change in children, who every evening have to go back to their heathen surroundings and take in afresh their soul-destroying influences.

Some of our boys and girls have already a real personal knowl- 4

edge of the Lord Jesus-their dress, their looks, their manner reveal it. Even in the early days, when a few dirty ragamuffins came every morning to learn hymns and get picture cards, there was a dawning of the fact that the teaching of the Lord makes for righteousness: one little girl screaming on the street in one of those frenzies, common to the women of these parts, was seen by a companion, who, wonderful to relate, was shocked and surprised and exclaimed, "and you sing J esus!" It is the children who can understand the beauty and simplicity of the Truth, their minds not yet clouded and shrivelled like those of their elders, by the constant nerve-racking fear of demons. They are excellent missionaries, too, f or they chatter of everything that they hear and observe. Two of our pupils, on a visit to country relatives, were asked questions about the "Doctrine"; this they were delighted to explain according to their light.

There is a great opportunity in Nanning, and indeed throughout China, for the simple preaching of the Gospel of Christ But our buildings are too small to hold our congregations. The people are coming to hear as never before. Even Nanning feels the thrill that is sweeping over China, as the old ideals, habits, methods go; and they are crying out for they know not what. We know. 'Ve have seen the discarded idols broken by the roadside. Nothing but the Living Christ can satisfy China's great need.

MRS. CLIFT AN D A CIDNESE BIBLEWOMAN

Effects of Chinese Turmoil

Missions RECENT REPORTS FROM PROTESTANT MISSIONARY SOCIETIES AS TO TUEIR WORKERS AND STATIONS American Advent M. S.-Chao-hsien (Anhwei). Hospital closed. New station to be opened. Wuhu, (Anhwei). Student strike in academy. Now quiet. Chinese friendly. Church stronger.

American Board C. F. M.-North China Mission (Stations in Chihli, Shansi and Shantung) in war area. Some interruption of work and in touring. Main Chinese attitude friendly. Some disturbance from "Youth Move- ment." In Fukien District. Missionaries robbed by bandits. Some unfriendli- ness. Christians taking more responsibility.

American Baptist F. JI, S.-Only disturbance reported is attack on Prof. George B. 'Cressey of Shanghai while on tour. General attitude of Chinese is friendly.

Amel'ican Bible' Society.-Colporteurs report difficlllty from bandits but therc is progress in Scripture distribution.

American Protestant Episc()pal Missi()n.-Chief disturbance in Nanchang (Kiangsi) and Wuchang (Hupeh). For about six weeks work was suspended except in Wuchang hospital. School and parish house occupied by soldiers during siege. Buildings damaged by shells. Bishop Gilman's work recog- nized by Government. Bishop of Hankow robbed.

American Friends (Ohio)-Kiangsu. No interference. Chinese friendly.

American Friends Bd. F. M.-Chengtu, Szechwan. Some interference. Stu- dent strike. University closed.

British Friends F. M. A.-In Chungking, (Szechwan) last September, soldiers interfered with mission and threatened missionaries. Chinese teacher beaten. Conditions more quiet but stm dfficult. Mob destroyed missionary bungalows during anti-foreign agitation. At Tungling, soldiers threatened missionary. He escaped but home was looted. General attitude of people is friendly.

Rnglish Baptist M. S.-In Taiyuan (Shansi) there was a pupils' strike and number of students was reduced. Christianity considered imperialistic. Sian (Shensi) was besieged for eight months. Mrs. Shorrock died from hardships. Work again opened. Hospital at San Yuan practically destroyed. Fu-Yin-'rsin (a Gospel Village) was occupied by armies and practically destroyed.

British and Foreign Bible Society.-Colportage interrupted in war areafl. All of five hundred colporteurs (except 10 or ]2) are Chinese. No hostility to SocietY'8 work. Two Chinese colporteurs killed by bandits.

Baptist, Southern Conventi()n.-At Wuchow (Kiangsi) hospital was closed for a season. A Chinese worker was maltreated by mob. Some things were stolen and hostility was shown by mob. In most stations friendliness is shown to missionaries.

131

Seventh Day Baptists M. S.-Luiho (Kiangsu) property badly damaged in fighting in September. Missionaries escaped to Shanghai. No unusual hostility shown. Mission not molested.

China Inland Musion.-In Yuanchow (Kiangsi) missionaries were annoyed lind robbed by soldiers. (Kuling station is reported closed.) Tai Kang (Honan) was in hands of bandits July 30 to Aug. 8 and mission looted. Bandits carried off 3,000 people, and shot many. Chowkai Kow (Honan) in hands of bandits in September. City burned with mission houses. Mr. Davies captured but released after three weeks. School girls carried off. Some returned. Pastor beaten and tortured to extort money. Chengtu University (Szechwan) closed. At Luchow (Szechwan) students demanded that all foreigners leave the city. They remained. Chinese Christians are called traitors. In Yunnan, Kweichow, Kansu and other districts work goes on ail usual. General attitude friendly. Wanhsien (Szechwan) buildings occupied temporarily by soldiers. Nanchang (Kiangsi) buildings temporarily occupied by soldiers. Damaged by shells. Sian-fu and Tatung missionaries beseiged many months. Mr. Wilhelm of Yuanchow (Hunan) was captured by bandits but later was released.

Christian and Missionary AUiance.-At Titao (Kansu) the mission was uscd as a Red Cross hospital. In June and July missionaries and Christians were in great danger. Work resumed after occupation by Gen. Feng's army. In Wuchow (Kwangsi) anti-Christian riots led by students. Some dam- age. Fbur missionaries, captured by bandits in 1924, were released. Four Chinese Christians, captured in 1925, released in Jan. 1926. In West China people are friendly.

Church of the Brethren,.-Presence of troops in Shansi caused high prices. Some trouble from students. Rural sections friendly to mission.

Church Missionary Society.-In Fukien, two missionaries were robbed. Rev. B. G. Parsons of Kutien was captured and released. In Pakhoi (Kwangtung) Chinese doctor was captured while traveling. Threatened and held lor ransom. Not released. One college in South China closed. In other sections attitude is friendly. In West China in 1925, Bishop Mowll and wife of Chengtu (Szechwan), Rev. and Mrs. Donnithorne of Anhsien (Szechwan), Miss Carleton, Miss Armfield and Mr. Iles were captured and ransomed for $2,600.

Church of God Mission.-In Kiangsu the attitude of people is friendly but Chinese think they can dispense with foreign missionary workers.

Church of the Nazarene.-At Taming, (Chihli), hospital was occupied after battle, but Government paid for use of building and medical service. At· titude favorable.

Christian Reformed Ch1trch.-Students in Jukao school (North Kiangsu), held protest meeting but were satisfied. Attitude favorable.

Evangelical Church Mission.-At Yuhsien (Hunan), the hospital staff went on strike. All buildings were occupied by soldiers and residences broken into. Some Christians joined southern army. At Liling two residences were broken into by soldiers. At Chaling mission buildings were occupied during the summer. Many unions organized. Work difficult.

SOME EFFECTS 01!' CHINESE TURMOIL ON MlSSIONS

Miss Koebbe of Tungjen (Kweichow) kidnapped in October and held IB days. Other missionaries molested in travel. Missi(mary freight looted.

Hepzibah Faith Mission.-In Chahar District (Mongolia) little interference. In Ping-tu-chuan last October, missionaries suffered a little, from retreating soldiers. Work progressing and interest growing.

Hebron Mission.-At Kunshan and Awong Tung (Kwangtung) no interfer- ence by armies. At Sai Chiu (Kwangtung) student agitation in 1925, but now quiet. Attitude friendly.

United Lutheran Church in America.-Mission station at Tsingtao (Shantung) was crowded with soldiers. Some attended services. Bandits listen to preaching. Attitude friendly.

Evangelical Lutheran (Missouri) .-In Hankow (Hupeh) work was discon- tinued for short time because of warfare. Travel difficult and unsafe. Strong anti-foreign and anti-imperialistic feeling.

Norwegian Lutheran Church of America.-Chengyang and Sihsien (Honan) were molested by bandits and the missionaries compelled to flee. One mis- sionary c!lptured and held four weeks in 1924. Several Christians killed. Mission buildings occupied and damaged. In Kinyang Rev. Daniel Nelson killed by stray bullet on Feb. 9th. In Sianyang (Hupeh) buildings were damaged in fighting. General attitude is friendly.

Lutheran Free Church.-Station at Luyi (Honan) besieged and missionaries were unable to leave the city for two weeks. People friendly.

Mennonite Board F. M.-Kai-chow (Chihli), is in the! war area. Anti-British strike has brought students from British schools which are closed. Hospital cares for wounded. Tamingfu mission compound occupied by refugees. Officials are con- siderate of missionaries. 'l'ravel very difficult.

Mennonite B1'ethren of North America.-Fukien. No special trouble at Engtung and Shanghang. Chinese committee ready to assume responsibility if missionaries should leave.

Mennonite Society of Chi~.-Tsaochow Mission (Shantung), under fire for several days. Missionaries and Christians, not molested last year. Attitude generally friendly.

nfethodist Episcopal Bd. F. 111.-In Central China, mission work in Fukien and Anwhei has been interfered with. In Foochow (Fukien) a mob damaged the Methodist Church and l<~ukien Christian University, which is now closed.

In Nanehang and Kiukiang (Kiangsi) work has been very difficult. Hos- pitals have been crowded with wounded soldiers. Buildings occupied during fighting.

In Chengtu (Szechwan) there have been student strikes which were ad- justed. The university is closed.

Methodist Episcopal, (South) .-At Huchow (Chekiang) refugees and wounded have been cared for in compound and hospital. At Changchow (Kiangsu) soldiers were billeted in school buildings dur- ing holidays. Wounded were cared for in hospital. In Soochow (Kiangsu) refugees were cared for in church and wounded soldiers treated in hospital. The power and prestige of the church increased. The Ka-ding church was destroyed by shell fire. In some

localities, work has been retarded by danger of travel. In general, attitude of people is friendly.

Free Methodist of No. Am.-Mission buildings at Chengchow (Honan) occu- pied by soldiers. Rev. T. S. W. Ryding captured by bandits and released after two weeks. Work going forward with revivals and steady increase.

United Methodist Church, (England) .-In North China (Chihli) mission centers invaded by soldiers. No personal injury. In Yung Ping (Chihli), mission buildings were occupied by soldiers and damaged. Christians were robbed and Chinese medical attendants driven away. In West China (Yunnan) colporteurR were robbed and some were killed. Rev. F. W. Cottrell of Chaotung was held by bandits in 1925 for a few hours and released. In South East China the attitude is friendly but student agitators cause trouble. Native church is assuming more responsibility.

Methodist Protestant.-Mission compound in Kalgan (North China) searched but no loss. Refugees and wounded cared for. Ill-feeling against foreigners. Mission helped by Gen. Feng.

Wesleyan Methodist M. S. (British).-At Liuyang (Hunan) a mob attacked the mission. Missionaries escaped to Changsha. At Fatshan (Kwangtung), the Chinese pastor was threatened and im- prisoned, but released. At Wuchang, (Hupeh), the mission premises were occupied by soldiers and property was left in bad condition. At Hankow (Hupeh) on December 24th, agitators entered the mission and denounced Christianity. The School for Blind was invaded and anti-British literature distributed. An Anti-Christian Society was formed to drive out the missionaries.

Presbyteri<Ln ChUI'ch, U. S. A.-In Shantung Province, bandits make itiner- ation difficult. In Ningpo (Chekiang) and Peking (Chihli), on the whole, the attitude of people is friendly in spite of anti-Christian propaganda. In Chenchow (Hunan), the southern army occupied mission buildings during their march. In Hengchow, there were threats against foreign physician. Some damage was done to buildings. Sheklung (Kwangtung) station in South China was evacuated. Labor strikes, etc., threaten to close the John G. Kerr Hospital for Insane. Kachek and Nadoa (Hainan Island) were evacuated but now are re- opened. Missionaries and Chinese Christians were ill-treated. Gov- ernment students formed mobs. Conditions have improved.

Pre.sbyterian Church in U. S. (South).-In North Kiangsu very little hostility. Relief given and appreciated. In Hangchow (Chekiang), Soochow and Nanking (Kiangsu) some anti- foreign and anti-Christian feeling manifested.

Cumberland Presbyterian.-Strike leaders in Go-tai-kai have taken possession of mission. In general, the Chinese are friendly.

Presbyterian Church of Scotland.-The station at Ichang (Hupeh) reports no interference and attitude friendly. .

Pentecostal Chttl'ch of Canada.-At Tsaap (Kwangsi), the mission was at- tacked. Mr. Williamson escaped but lost all property. From Sainaam (Kwangtung) lVIr. and Mrs. E. J. Morrison fled to Hong. Kong but have now returned. The work is running smoothly.

SOME EFFECTS OF CHINESE TURMOIL ON MISSIONS

Reformed Church in America.-In South Fukien outstations were disturbed by armies. Home of Rev. A. J. Westmass was robbed by bandits and church at Lang-ma was occupied by soldiers, some damage being done. In Amoy district the feeling is friendly. Chinese independence is en- couraged.

Reformed Presbyterian Church in N. A.-At Loting (Kwangtung) South China, some demonstrations reported against the church, but no decrease in attendance at schools. Less opposition now. Increased responsibility put on Chinese.

Swedish Evangelical of America,.-At Kingmen (Hupeh) in September bandits robbed missionaries. Efforts were made to disturb school work. Attitude of people generally friendly.

Scandinavian Alliance of Nodh America.-At Sianfu (Shensi) the work has been interfered with, but the general attitude is reported friendly to the mis- sion.

Finish Free Church Mission (C. 1. M.).-In Kiangsi warfare interferes with missionary travel. Near Yungsin the summer cottages of missionaries and out-station chapels were occupied and damaged by soldiers. General attitude of people is friendly but students staged anti-Christian demonstration.

German Evangelical Protestant Mission.-At Trlingtau (Shangtung), Dr. Seu- fert was twice attacked by robbers, but with(Jut loss.

Schleswig-Holstein Evangelical Lutheran M. S.-At Liuchowfu (Kwangtung), some hostility has been shown. On the whole, attitude is friendly.

United Brethren in Christ.-In Canton (Kwangtung), the Union Middle School was attacked by bandits. Travel is precarious but no injury to mis- sionaries. No unusual hostility to Christian missipns manifested.

United Christian M. S.-No inconvenience or molestation reported in missions of this society in Anhwei, Kiangsu and Szechwan. The attitude of the Chinese is friendly. (Recently missionaries have been recalled from Szechwan.) .'Ifission to Lepers.-Work at Taikam Island (South China) interfered with by stoppage of coastwise commerce. Attitude of people friendly. Work indirectly affected elsewhere.

United Free Gospel M. S.-In June, 1925, two lady missionaries and Chinese worker were robbed on way to Hongkong. Student riots in Kwai hsien and threats of raids and violence. Mission at Pak Nai (Kwangtung) molested.

Woman's Union M. S. (Shanghai).-Attitude friendly. Increased oppor- tunities. Increasing responsibility placed on Chinese.

Yale-in-China.-Changsha (Hunan), Campus occupied by soldiers during vacation. Anti-Christian mOVf1ment active. Student strike. College closed.

Y. W.O. A.-At Chengtu (Szechwan) anti-foreign feeling intense; not anti- Christian.

Y. M. C. A.-At ]'oochow (]'ukien) cable dispatches of January 16th reported that property had been looted by Chinese mobs. Most missionaries have left.

World's Sunday School Ass'n.-Field work seriously interfered with. Bible Institute of Los Angeles.-Evangelistic bands delayed on tours. Con- ditions difficult. Roman Ca,thQUc Missions.-From Szechwan it is reported that priests have been driven out and their missions have been burned. From F(Jochow (Fukien) it was reported on January 16th that all Spanish priests and nuns (except the Bishop) have left for Hong- kong by steamer. Students attacked the Dominican Orphanage, vicarage and church and abducted some of the girls.

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MISS ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 25 MADISON !'-VENUE, NEW YORK CITY MAKING CHRISTIAN EDUCATION deed, they exhibit to a startling de- IN CHINA MORE CHINESE gree the charm and splendor of a By MRS. T. C. CHU Westerner's life! This is, of course, not Christianity, but has come along Christian education aims at train- with it owing to the influence of their ing the mind of t~e. Chinese youth teache;s, who keep the foreign ways. according to ChrIstian stan~ards. Attracted by the comfort and extrav- agance of this living, the young peo- This is a prodigious tas~. .r wIsh to mention some of the obJectIOns, com- pie regard it as the higher standard monly raised in China, against Chris- and prefer to live in the same way tianity in general, and mission edu- when they are able. I do not con- cation in particular, and to point out demn the missionary, I simply draw the necessity of understandin~ t~e a picture of the Chri.sti.an co~mu­ Chinese situation and the advisabll- nity from the non-Chnstmn Chmese ity of adapting mission education point of view.

more and more to the local needs. On the other hand, there is now a One of the common objections to prevailing feeling am0!1g sO.me mis- mission education is that it denation- sionaries to overemphasIze thmgs and alizes those who receive its instruc- ways Chinese and to exalt almost out ttihoenr~ This accusation is invalid, yet of proportion the position of the Chi- must be reasons for such an im- nese. It seems to me unnatural and pression. The situation could be re!D- rather ridiculous to swing the pendu- edied if the missionary would realIze lum to the other extreme. Virtue and that he is an outsider, taking part in scholarship, rather than racial difl'er- the work of regeneration among the ences, should be made the standard people of another nation. It is he who of merit. From time immemorial, the should adapt himself, not the Chinese. virtuous and the learned have been His primary mission is to impart a considered in China most suitable for spiritual gift., Other matters are rulers and statesmen, as well as lead- relatively unimportant. ers in thought and religion. It is a There is an analogy between school ,good tradition to keep. It also coin- teaching and mission work: in school, cides with the best conception of one instructs the children of other merit in the West. That a foreigner myoeun~'g in mission work, one leads the must be placed in a superior position people of another nation. A because he is a foreigner is as absurd wise teacher trains the pupils to be as that a Chinese must head up an not only good pupils but obedient to institution within the boundary of their parents. A wise missionary China because he is a native. Such should try to make not only good practices may be compatible in the Christians but also citizens useful to sphere of might and gain, but are un- their own nation. In order to ac- becoming to men who concern them- complish this, the missionary should selves with higher things.

be careful of his owu conduct and The second general objection to preaching. He cannot make his stu- mission education is that the gradu- dents patriotic" if he himself spe.aks ates of mission schools and colleges slightingly of the efforts and asplra- are not well-trained in the use of the tions of the Chinese. Chinese language. Since the vernac- The native Christians are sometimes ular has come to be used in writing, criticized for pomp and luxury. In- the Christians are shown in much bet- 136 ter light. Chinese should be the main .tongue in writing. There is no doubt study in the Primary and the High that this is a good movement and Primary schools and should be taught every progressive institution should as carefully and thoroughly as Eng- uphold its cause. But it does not lish is taught in the Elementary mean to discard the classical language Schools in America. In the Middle altogether; on the contrary, the latter School, the importance of the study should be more earnestly pursued, inof English should be only equivalent asmuch as the mission college was to that of French of German in the formerly careless in this respect. The American High School. If the mis- Japanese have a language of their sion school cannot provide better in- own, yet they study Chinese classics struction than heretofore and if only in their colleges. Practically every one of the two languages can be talented Japanese college graduate taught well, let us sacrifice the foreign can compose Chinese essays and language instead of the native. It poems. The Japanese are very pracseems to me, however, not an impos- tical, why do they study our "dead sibility to learn both languages well, language, " the classics being now so if the methods of teaching are im- called by some of our reformers T It proved. is because the Japanese language is derived from the Chinese and is When a student enters college, he closely related in form As well as in should have. mastered the rudiments subst~nce. Certainly, our spoken of the English language and be able tongue is much more akin to the clas- sics than is the Japanese. If one to take the more advanced courses in wishes to write well in Pai Hua, one literature and sciences. Some mis- must be well versed in the classics sion colleges have lowered the English likewise. The Pai H ua literature is requirements, and have conducted still in the process of making, from many of their classes in Chinese, in· which one can find as yet little help cluding philosophy and the sciences. to improve the style. This is another case of going to the opposite extreme. So long as there is A modern Chinese writer in Pai no standardized Chinese terminology H ua must know the classics quite for the sciences, it is more satisfactory well; he should have the command to give such courses in English, un· of one or more foreign languages; he less the professor happens to be an should have natural talent and literauthority on such matters and is a ary ability; he should have resided good translator of scientific books. in the northern provinces for a period of time, preferably in childhood or This leads to another observation, in youthful years. Of the four conviz., the danger of imparting" psuedo ditions, the first is the easiest to obknowledge" instead of "real knowl- tain because it does not depend upon edge." There is a tendency among locality, age or gift of nature; the some mission colleges to be too eager last is the least important. The misin following the fashion of the time. sion colleges can develop the Chinese A certain university is reputed for courses as well as the native schools, good literature courses; the cause for and have more prospect of making such distinction is due to the scholar- success just now, as the latter are ship or the personality of certain mostly in chaotic condition, due to members on the staff of that institu- the lack of funds or to politics. tion. When there are no such eminent men on the staff of the other col- As regards religious education, I leges, it is futile for the latter to wish only the really spiritual men and make the attempt of competing. women to come as preachers or reli- gious teachers. It is almost offensive I have one more suggestion to make to hear a matter-of-fact, materialistic regarding the curriculum of the mis- sermon. It is equally distasteful to sion college, e. g., the matter of Pai- l!ua, or the use of the vernacular

listen to those out-of-date, bygone unruly and less obedient than before tales! The Chinese are it practical but he is also more independent in people, full of common sense, never thinking and more capable of action. very superstitious, but rather skepti- The group consciousness is stronger; cal. To speak with reason in logical cooperation and unity of spirit are and philosophical terms is the best ap- exhibited in the fight for the Qommon proach to the higher classes. To deal good. Those who are teaching and squarely and unpresumptuously is guiding the Chinese youth must uncertain to win the love of all. But derstand his temper, the operations to talk of one thing, yet act in another of his mind, his ambition, feelings and way, is a sure ground for distrust and aspirations, acting more like his comcontempt. Belief is a human quality rades than his elders. He may be exand is deep-rooted iIi man's nature. acting in his estimation of others' When the right call comes, even the merits, and his opinions may be rough man on the street can respond. mainly wrong; nevertheless, it is ·a We are unspeakably miserable in the healthier sign that he thinks in his twentieth century, because the reli- own way and acts according to his gious men are often blind leaders, be- own judgment-he does not fall back ing themselves seldom in communion on his teachers nor follows lavishly, with the spirit. as he used to.

Three groups of people are most rt is, therefore, a much harder task needed here in China as missionaries. to· be a teacher in China now, espe- The first group consists of the pro' cially to be a missionary teacher who fessional men, such as writers, artists, may have to deal with the religion scientists, engineers, doctors, lawyers, and morals of the pupils. But he scholars of all kinds. China is in des- who succeeds in the work can bear perate need of higher learning and witness to the supreme joy and satistechnical knowledge. Through con- faction derived from the labor. tact in work and through personal re- Blessed is he who has a hand in the lations with these individuals, the making of a young life! Let me close Chinese will fathom the depth and with a passage from Meneius: perceive the grandeur of the Western mind. The second group comprises ~'Loving, yet no response,- Search inwardly and examine your bethe men of action, of great charm and nevolence; personality, and of high administra- Rnling, yet without order,- tive ability-leaders of men, who can Search inwardly and examine your wis· shape lives and change the destiny of dom; nations. They do not preach, yet Showing respect to others, yet with no practically in every way they carry return,- Search inwardly and examine your own away their followers in their thinking feeling of respect." and beliefs. The tbird group is the rarest kind among men, I mean the From an editorial in the lkdam. true religious teachers, those who have (Constantinople) July 20, 1926: spiritual insight and wisdom. IJct these do the preaching and win men "In order to be able to illuminate to Christ, while the others carryon this country, in order to wake it up, their kinds of work. The fault in the we must work like the missionaries. past was that a missionary had to act Patient like the missionaries, se1£- like a Jack-of-all-trades and do many sacrificing like the missionaries, posthings which he should not have done. sessing like the missionaries the Since the world is now more and strength of persuasion, like the mismore specialized, let each do his best sionaries combining various kinds of and contribute his special gift to knowledge with the conviction of mankind. heart. When this time comes, it will be our fortune to be successful in 'l'he Chinese youth is worth teach- awaking the people of our land." ing. It is true that he is now more AHMET JEVDET.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK WEST INDIES' PROGRESS AND Seminary has been inadequately PROBLEMS housed in a rented building, close to By OHARLES S. DETWEILER a noisy highway. A suitable site has From the reports of the Committee on West been purchased near the University of Porto Rico, and plans for a complete ~~~:B·an()J.' f:r~~~ :',;'ii.~()~e~rQe::~:a~i;~~ng()fw~~~ seminary plant have been prepared in that area. Mr. Detweiler. Chairman.

Porto Rico by architects. These estimates call The committee reports notable for $228,000 for the whole project, progress in Porto Rico along two and have been approved by the sevlines. A two-story building for the eral mission boards. '1'he Board of publisl1ing house and bookstore con- Trustees in the United States has also ducted by the Evangelical Union was approved a campaign to raise this completed and occupied during the money. The successful functioning year. This .is advantageously located of this institution and the successful on the principal business street of careers of its graduates, who are now Ponce. It is a self-supporting enter- at work not only in Porto Rico, but prise, not because it has undertaken also in Venezuela and Santo Do- commercial printing, for it has not mingo, constitute a signal missionary had sufficient equipment for this, but achievement. because it has been well managed and At the Annual Meeting of the loyally supported by the seven coop- Evangelical Union of Porto Rico, held erating denominations. Beginning in November, 1925, among other rec- from July the Puel-to Rir;o Evangel- ommendations were two that are ico, the paper representing all of worthy of being brought to the atten- these denominations, has become a tion of a larger body. (1) That in weekly, without reducing its size. To view of the depressing economic con- make this possible it was necessary to ditions in these fields Christian mis- set apart an editor for full time serv- sions seek some way of introducing ice. .At the request of the editorial new industries that will give employ- committee the Baptist Mission re- ment to idle hands and form the basis leased one of its pastors, who now be- for the development of sel£-support- comes the representative of all the ing churches. (2) That steps be evangelicals, supported from a com- taken to furnish the Spanish-speak- mon fund. ing churches with a hymnal. The The second cooperative enterprise West Indies Committee is glad to sec- that gives enconraging results is the ond these recommendations. The Evangelical Seminary, supported by problem of improving the economic the same denominations. It offers its condition of our church members in students a standard three-year course the West Indies is not easily solved.

leading to the degree of Bachelor of The Committee is unIted, however, in Theology, its credits being accepted thinking that it deserves serious at full value by the principal semi- study. The provision of a Spanish naries of the United States. Of the hymnal for evangelical churches thirty-nine students for 1926-27, eight. ought not to be difficult nor long de- are Baptistl';, three Congregational- layed. Most of the churches are now ists, seven Disciples, six Methodists, using a small collection of songs which thirteen Presbyterians, and two are inferior and unsatisfactory.

United Brethren. For seven years the There ought to be available a hymn 139

book or more dignity and of a wider the Methodist, Presbyterian and range or sentiment. United Brethren Mission Boards. The work in both of these republics Little progresR has been made to- is proceeding steadily forward. The ward solving the urgent economic north side of the island is effectively problem. Unemployment is chronic occupied by the General Mission and widespread and the poverty is Board of the Free Methodists. most depressing. In recent years there has been a great development The Board for Christian Work in or the needle-work industry, which Santo Domingo, supported by the has brought some relief in opening up Methodists, Presbyterians. and United new avenues or gain, but already New Brethren, now has well organized York contractors are introducing the work in five centers, including the sweat-shop system. capital, and outstations in several smaller places. Besides an evangeli- Cuba cal program, there are day scnools in four of these centers and a hospital It is no small achievement under and social center in the capital. the conditions that prevail in Cuba, for the committee to report that Rev. The unity of the work is. shown by Sylvester Jones has been continued the fact that the six workers sent another year as a Secretary for Co- from the United States represent five operation in Cuba. Of the six Prot- different denominations and three estant bodies at work in Cuba, only workers from Porto Rico represent three are as yet ready ror coopera- three communions. Americans, Engtion, and one or these three is the lish and Porto Ricans make the staff smallest of all, while the other two also international. 'l'he support of are separated geographically by six the work comes not only from various hundred miles. In addition to the Home Mission Boards in this counthree cooperating Missions, the Inter- try, but from the united churches of national Association of Daily Vaca- Porto Rico and most healthy contrition Bible Schools has contributed butions from the young churches in something to Mr. Jones's budget. His Santo Domingo. Half of the $24,000 work thus includes the promotion of budget of the hospital was raised on Vacation Schools, as well as the man- the field. A hospital building is uragement of a Union Book Store in gently needed, the present rented Havana and of a monthly paper rep- quarters being entirely inadequate resenting two of the Missions. In ad- ror the great opportunities presented dition to these tasks Mr. and Mrs. in a country where medical work is so .Jones have been leaders in temper- greatly needed. A block of land has ance work, largely through the agency been purchased and the Board hopes of the W. C. T. U. It is worth while to raise the money this year for the to have in tIle capital of Cuba; a first unit. spokesman for all the denominationR, but it is to be regretted that nBt all of The beginnings of an industrial the Missions recognize the value of mission have been made in the inteconcerted action along certain lines rior of the island. Work for boys and in order to demonstrate to the world girls has attracted the attention and the spiritual unity of Christ's fol- cooperation of some of the outstandlowers. ing Dominicans. The budget of the Santo Domingo Board this year was Santo Domingo and Haiti about $57,000. The membership of other denominational Home Mission By common agreement primary re- Boards is earnestly desired for this sponsibility ror the evangelization of united work. Haiti has been assigned to Northern Baptists, and for the south side of The American Baptist Home Misthe island of Santo Domingo to a sion Society has accepted primary re- Board composed of representatives of sponsibility for the French-speaking

WOMAN '8 HOME MISSION BULLETIN

part of the island of Santo Domingo. can be held in Havana, San Juan and Its Mission has been established in the Santo Domingo City. northern part only. It has not yet occupied the capital, but in the south Neglected problems arc at onr doors, it is helping to support an educational such as the gradual economic decline institution under Haitian Baptist of the West Indies coincident with control. The headquarters of its Mis- the growth of great corporations that sion is in Cap Haitien, where it has exploit their natural resources, and purchased a home for its missionary the impossibility of developing such Huperintendent. Also during the fundamental institutions as the home, year it provided funds for the re- the church and the school where unbuilding of the Baptist house which employment is a chronic social malhad been destroyed many years ago, ady. In this connection it is interestand whose ruined walls had long been ing to note that The American Fund a reproach to the Protestant cause. for Public Service has recently un- It now reports eight organized dertaken an investigation of the rechurches, two foreign ordained mis- sults of American investments in the sionaries, and fifteen Haitian work- West Indies, beginning in Cuba. ers, including school teachers, in nine Also, the International Institute of primary schools. Best of all, the es- Teachers College, New York, at the tablishment of this Mission has invitation of the Government of brought new' courage to the scattered Porto Rico has undertaken an educaand neglected Protestant groups in tional survey of the island. the north of Haiti, and has promoted their spiritUal solidarity. From the standpoint of missionary administration there are important Conferences questions. Conditions have changed since the time of the Panama Con- It was the original purpose of the gress on Christian Work. The stand- Committee on Cooperation in Latin ards of the ministry in Cuba and America to hold two large conferences Porto Rico are higher; there are more on Christian work, the first one to men able to take positions of leadercover the continent of South Amer- ship, making our Missions less deica, and the other a year later to em- pendent upon missionaries from the brace Mexico and the countries of the States; and, finally, the churches have Caribbean. In fulfillment of this plan been growing in liberality, and givno sooner was the Montevideo CGn" ing promise of attaining soon to se1£- gress organized than measures were support. Indeed self-support is the taken to prepare for the second one in leading issue before our mission Mexico City. Conditions made it churches, and it deserves our most seem unwise to hold a conference for sympathetic study. Then there are the northern countries. unoccupied fields in Cuba, Santo Domingo and Haiti; and there are The Committee on West Indies has French islands altogether unevangelcome to the conclusion that it is better ized whose needs should be brought to to have conferences in various coun- our attention. There are in some of tries rather than a general West In- the islands abandoned, pastorless, dies Conference. It is therefore rec- English-speaking churches concernommending a conference for Porto ing which the facts ought to be known. Rico next summer in connection with Also, there are moral conditions the Summer Institute, and a confer- which can be little altered except by ence in Cuba to bring the national governmental action. The West Inworkers into closer fellowship. Steps dies, aside from Porto Rico, have have also been taken to arrange for a been the object of little study on the West Indies Cruise for friends of part of American and English Chris- Protestant missions in the early part tians; and it is time that they be of 1928, with the hope that in con- carefully considered. nection with this cruise conferences

FROM MANY

CHINA AND TIBET Hearts were very tender and wills were strengthened as we rDse frDm that mDst A Chinese Christian Daily uniting fellowship in prayer and meditatiDn.

THE Chinese Christians in the city The work. Df this Council meeting has been of Chungking, West China, are dDne w,th,n thDse who. were present and this editing and publishing a daily news- IS the grDund Df Dur assnranee that it will paper which bids fair to become one go <Ill.

of the largest dailies in that part of Chinese Christian Endeavorers China. The editors are trying to circulate only reliable news. They have T HE first Christian Endeavor soas reporters the pastors and the mem- ciety in China was organized in bers of the Christian churches 1885. Last year the fortieth anniverthroughout the province. Occasion- sary of its founding was celebrated ally, there are sermons and special with great rejoicing. A whole year was to be devoted to an increase camfeature articles on some phase of paign. At the beginning of the year Christian life, activity, or social wel- there were about 1,200 Christian Enfare. The Christians of Chungking deavor societies listed in China. At organized to publish this paper be- the end of the year the numbers had cause they found that their activities grown to 2,500 in spite of troubled were not being truthfully presented times. Missionaries find that Chrissince anti-Christian forces often con- tian Endeavor is a great help in the trol the other Chinese newspapers. schools in China. Miss A. N. Johann- National Christian Conncil son, of the China Inland Mission, SOME outstanding features of the writes that Christian Endeavor makes annual meeting of this important body, held last autumn, are thus de- the young people feel that they have scribed by Dr. Henry T. Hodgkin in the American Friend: "No previous to walk carefully. It helps them in meeting of the Council has been so significant. Beginning with a frank their study of the Bible, and it teaches consideration of the present need of China and the inadequacy of the them to pray. It gives them the mis- Christian Church in facing that need, we found ourselves seeking with great sionary spirit. The Endeavorers in determination for the true remedy. One voice after another called us back the school to which she belongs even to Christ's way for human life…. Nothing was more remarkable than send donations to missions outside of the growing power of Chinese leader- China. Some of the girls have been trained as nurses and teachers and many of the boys have gone o'ut of school to witness for Christ in their heathen thhoismsecsh. ooSl osmaveedyeaarlsittalO~'obatbhye boys in girl and cared for her for three years 0r more.

ship. The largest part of the speaking was by Chinese. The work behind A Ricksha Coolie's Devotion the scenes was mostly done by them. WHEN a twelve-year-old boy was The creative thinking of several was pres.ented for baptism in Hang- most marked." chow, hiS father, a Christian who Of the concluding meeting, con- pulls rickshas for a living, was asked ducted by the newly appointed Gen- to tell the committee what sort of eral Secretary, Dr. C. Y. Cheng, Dr. training the boy could expect. In a Hodgkin says: simple way the coolie father ex- 142 plained that although neither he nor of Christianity to European Civiliza- hiEl wife could read, they had spnt the tion in the Middle Ages'; and most hoy to, school,- so that every morning of it helping in our American- before he took out his ricksha he gath- Board'li country work at Changsin- ered the family together, the little tiel1. He haH conducted a free hoy read a chapter from the Bible school, for which he and the other and he prayed for the children, for teachers did also the buying and cook- the wife and for himself, that he ing, there being no servants employed might be delivered through the day -a rare thing in China. He also from the sins to which ricksha pullers preached, and, being a Fukienese, was are particularly exposed. On Sun- quite happy that in spite of his dif- day he takes his ricksha out only long ficulty in using tpe Northern dialect, enough to earn the rent for the day. the people willingly listened to his When the rental has been secured, he preaching. He writes on this point: takes no more fares, but goes directly 'Some of the listeners say that their home, and should the last fare pay a understanding of my speech is per- few more coppers than the actual haps due to the aid of the Holy Spirit rental, he does not regard this as his in the speaker. But I ascribe it to own, but adds it to his contribution the Holy Spirit working through the for the day to the Lord '8 work. listeners' instinct of curiosity.' Does Going to School in a. Flood not this show humility and discern- ment, a true Christian spirit?" ONE of the seniors in the True Light School in Canton, is quoted Chinese Gifts for Bible Schools as follows: "My sister and I have al- T ways had a school during vacation;· IlE Southern Methodist mission- aries at Wusih, Kiangsu Province, we could care for thirty, but a hundred pupils came. Once there was a report: "Our voluntary Sundaygreat flood, but we did not hear of it school was the outstanding spiritual hecause our house was on high success of the term. On the first three ground. The pupils said nothing of Sundays we had only two Chinese it. One day the parents came, say- students to attend, one a Christian ing, 'Please we have had a flood. and the other a non-Christian. But May our children stay home for a few we persevered, and after that time we days to help us l' Then we learned had a steady attendance of from that our pupils had walked every day seven to nine. Two classes were through water up to their necks to the taught, one in the meaning of Chrishigh ground, carrying dry clothes on tianity by Mr. John Chu and the their heads. There on the hillside the other in the Gospel of Matthew. little girls surrounded each girl in Through the Sunday-school we took turn while she changed into her dry up subscriptions for the Daily Vacaclothes. The wet things were left on tion Bible School movement. The the hillside to dry until time to go students gave approximately thirteen home. Do you see why I wish to dollars, and the teachers brought the sum up to twenty dollars. Nearly teach in my village T' , every student in the school gave True Christian Humility something, and considering the fact PHILIPPE DE VARGAS, Ph.D., that less than twenty per cent of them a member of the faculty of Yen- were Christians we felt much encourching University, Peking, sends this aged. Of course this gift by our stu- item to The Missionary Herald: "Mr. dents was largely an expression of Yang Ch 'ang-tung, a theological stu- nationalism, as they felt that they dent in Yenching University (Peking were thus doing something for the University), has spent part of the illiterate masses of their own people, summer vacation working on his but the significant fact about it was thesis on 'Some of the Contributions that they were willing to cooperate

with the Daily Vacation Bible School The church has about eighty members, the movement, which is essentially Chris- school one hundred and twenty pupils, the tian. " orphanage seventy boys and girlS, and the hospital is serving many people froni over a Leadership in Indo-Ohina wide area. There have been a number of other groups than our own at various places THE Christian and Missionary Al- near the Tibetan border, who have done ear- liance conducts work in Indo- nest work as they llave waited for Tibet to China from which encouraging open. This work, however, has suffered reports have come. One missionary many changes, and has not, as a rule, been writes: "The spirit among the native so established and equipped as to be of a preachers and Bible women, also col- permanent nature. The work at Batang, porteurs, is excellent, and I have however, is looked upon both by other misgreatly enjoyed the spiritual fellow- sionaries and travelers in Tibet as an earship with these native brethren. They nest and substantial effort to establish really are our spiritual children, and most permanent work among the Tibetans themof them are still very young in Chris- selves. We have a real base with the foun· tian service, but I praise God for the dations which abide, in ehurch, sehool, marked growth in spiritual leader- orphanage and hospital work, as well as exship among these native workers. cellent equipment. Since my return to the field, this evident blessing on the native leaders has St. Mark in Tibetan greatly increased my faith in the future of the native Church in this T IBETAN books are printed from land. . . . At Sadec, Caolanh and wooden blocks on very fine buff- Cantho steps are being taken by the colored paper manufactured in the native Christians to erect their own country from the bark of a certain church buildings, and we believe that shrub. The pages are long and narwithin another year the mission will row. They are not bound into a not have to pay rents for the work in volume, but lie loosely one above anthese places. After red-hot persecu- .other. When not in use, the leaves tion and real opposition by local na- are enclosed in two wooden slabs, tive officials at Caitauha, God has which are often finely carved, and tied made a way where there seemed to be with silk ribbons_ The whole is no way. An old man eighty-one years wrapped in a beautifully embroidered of age gave hisi home for a chapel, silk cover. The sacred books of Tibet, and God has started a revival, in that produced in this way, are regarded place, which I think will result in the with the greatest reverence. A lady salvation of hundreds of souls this missionary working on the borders of coming year. " Tibet suggested to the British and Foreign Bible Society that a part of Disoiples' Tibetan Mission the New Testament should be pro- duced in Tibetan style_ "This," re- SECRETARY Stephen J. Corey, of ports the Society, "has now been the United Christian Missionary done. St. Mark has assumed a dress Society (Disciples), writes of the which will make a strong appeal to plans which the Society had made to the Tibetans. They will be led from open a new station at Yengin, five the attractive appearance to the condays' journey from Batang, the place tents, which are still more attractive, on the Tibetan border made famous and we hope that many of them will in missionary annals by the late Dr. be led to the Lord Himself." Shelton. The carrying out of these plans has been postponed, because, in JAPAN-KOREA view of the troubles in West China, the American Government would not A, Ja.panese on the Spiritual Outlook consent. He says of the work in Batang: T HE Counsellor of the Japanese Embassy in Washington, Mr. Setsuzo Sawada, contributes an inter- esting article to The Living Church on the spiritual outlook in Japan. He points out some ways in which Chris-

1927J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

tian ideas "have influenced Japan's ent budget. For some reason the pro- thought life tremendously." But he portion of persons joining the reading says that both the World War and club has fallen from about twenty the Japanese exclusion clause in the per cent to about fourteen per cent.

Immigration Act "have forced many However, we have 495 members who of the serious-minded among his are reading books and being in- countrymen to question the sincerity structed. A number have recently of the profession of Christianity." begun the correspondence eourse in He continues: Bible instruction."

"But perhaps this may prove to be, eventually, no real loss. There was a Buddhist Missionaries to America time when people embraced this faith AN INTERVIEW wit h Count mostly for the reason that it was Ii. Otani, abbot of one of the most widely exercised in advanced nations. To them the faith was a borrowed influential and progressive Buddhist one, if I may say so, but these gigantic sects, appeared in the Japan Adverevents transpiring in the Christian tiser, and was thus quoted in the New countries of the world have forced our York World: earnest Christians to distinguish Christianity as a real religion from :MallY Americans, in the midst of their husy lives, need the peaee and tranquillity offered them by the religious philosophy of that of an agent of the material civi- Buddhism, .Japanese adherents of that faith lization of the West. It may be said believe, and plans are being formed to send that to them the faith has become personal and indigenous. Thus the to the UnitBd States many missionaries to extend the work· there to white men. AI· ready a llu]nbe.r of missionaries are there, deeper meaning of Christianity is but their efforts are confined largely to work now being sounded by learned souls among Amcrkan-oorn .Japanese. Count among our Christians." Otani, who visited Westel'll nations last year and was give"n a warm we1conw l;y those of all religions, does not Yisualize Results of Newspa.per Evangelism Buddhism as supplanting Christianity in the West, but he beli(wes that need for his faith REY. CLARENCE E. NORMAN, exists among Americans and his sect is of Fuknoka, Japan, who has been called upon to meet the need ….. . in charge of the work of newspaper evangelism which Rev. Albertus Pie- He hopes that a number of Americans and Europeans interested in Buddhism will come to Japan and study the religion and ters began so successfully, reports of offers to provide quarters for them and aid the present methods: "Since the be- in paying their expenses.

ginning of April there has appeared every Sunday morning in the western Demands of Korea's New Day R edition of the Osaka Mainichi, which EV. ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL, ·who returned to Kangkei, Korea, is circulated principally in the island of Kyushu, a five or six inch adver- after a prolonged furlough, writes of tisement of Scripture truth. They the amazing changes in the town since are easily noticed, and a number of he first went to it in 1917. He says, people have informed us that they "It is fast waking up to the twentieth read them every Sunday. The space century. . . . The external changes is small-too small, in fact, to explain are but the visible symbols of the and apply the Bible, text, but still it greater changes that have taken in is enough to call people's attention the living and thinking of the people.

to the message of salvation. And it They are further a reminder of the may be that because the articles are still greater changes which are com- short many more people read them ing in the next decade, and quarter than would otherwise. In these three century, when the thousands of chil- months there have been over 750 ap- dren now in the government schools plications for free tracts. This makes are men and women, engaged in their an average of 250 monthly, which is regular life callings. The importance all we can take care of with our pres- of Christian education becomes more S

apparent. 'Ve must have educated the rural work in Korea to be spiritleaders in the Church of the future ual, cultural and economic. We shall -not only the pastors but the lay- seek first to help men to live in right men. The boys who will be the lead- relations with God and with each ers must now receive spiritual train- other and to realize the spiritual ing. " values in their daily tasks. We shall endeavor to eliminate illiteracy in the Kwangju Sunday-School Growth villages and to stimulate such other educational processes as may prove THE rapid development and the ef- suited to the needs of the agricultural fective work of the Sunday-schools population. We shall promote better in and around Kwangju, Korea, was economic conditions, through imdescribed in the August, 1926, RE- proved farming methods, the develop- VIEW. A reeent article in the Korea tricnt of household and village in- M?'ssi01t Field states that the number dustries, and legitimate and brotherly of schools has increased from one to expressions of the cooperative spirit. " forty-five and the average attendance from 100 to 2,900. It continues: ISLANDS OF THE SEA "At first the work of each extension Sunday-school was directed by the Training Papuan Preachers' Wives missionary who personally secured the money necessary to carry it on. FOR the past twenty-five years the However, the work grew so tremen- Methodist Missionary Society of dously that the need for a central or- Australasia has conducted at Salamo, ganization of some kind became Papua, a training school for pastors apparent, to unify the courses of and teachers. Some of them are acstudy, to train teachers, to handle companied by their wives, of whom funds and to supervise the work gen- Miss Molly Hodge writes: "Some of erally. ~~fter experimenting for the these women who come from mission past few years with several forms of stations where they have attended organization the Kwangju Sunday- school are fairly well advanced, oth- School Association, in its present ers are unable to read or write. The form, was finally organized in 1926. curriculum includes English, arith- It is gratifying to be able to report metic, writing, Old and New Testathat this organization is composed al- ment history, catechism, hygiene and most entirely of Koreans, who have geography. A government examinapractically taken charge of the Sun- tion is held each year. Twenty-three day-school work." married women sat for this in Janu- ary last, of whom twenty passed. At Rural Y. M. C. A. for Korea the end of last year, twelve of our students and their wives, on complet- ONLY very recently the Y. M. C. ing their training, were appointed as A. has made plans to reach the teachers and preachers. Several enyoung men and boys in rural com- couraging letters have been received munities in Korea (of which there from these women, telling how they are said to be over 26,000). The As- have assisted their husbands in the sociation recognizes that these young village schools and Sunday-school. men are in special need of help in per- 'l'hen, too, they are the leaders of the sonal and social development. The women's class meetings, and at times, National Council of the Y. M. C. A. when illness has prevented their husin Korea hopes to assist in dispelling bands from taking a Sunday service, literary blindness, and to bring in they have filled the breach." economic encouragement and moral discipline to the young men and boys Filipino Endeavorers in Prison in the villages of Korea. Frank M. Brockman, the Secretary, writes: CHRISTIAN Endeavor societies in "We conceive the main objectives of prisons in America are fairly common, but it is rare news to learn

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

of a society in the prison at Batangas, work Mr. Murphy enjoyed the co- Philippine Islands. In the town operation of Hawaiian missionary and there is a large society which con- religious organizations. Public school ducts a regular weekly service in the officials, teachers and the leaders of prison, and many of the prisoners Christian young people's societies also have professed conversion. Accord- gave valuable assistance. Many older ing to the testimony of the warden Japanese, who are Buddhists, bought and guards, the Endeavor services are English New Testaments for their aiding greatly in creating a new spirit American-born children. The sales in the prison. The prison Endeavor- exceeded by more than 2,000 Testaers hold their own prayer services ments the goal which had been set every morning and evening. The for the campaign. leader of these services is a stonecutter who is serving a sentence in NORTH AMERICA prison.-World Call. Federal Conncil Executives Moros a.t a Student Conference T HE general theme of the meeting T HE first student conference in of the Executive Committee of the the southern Philippines was held Federal Council of Churches, which recently in Mindanao. It is thus de- was held in Minneapolis December 8scribed by .E. S. Turner: "As I 10, 1926, was" How to Make Church glanced over the heads of the audi- Cooperation Real and VitaL in the ence of 120 people I saw here and Community." Action, however, was there the picturesque turbans of Moro taken on various questions of both students. I soon learned that there national and international signifiwere sixty-seven regular delegates, cance. It was voted, for instance, twelve of them Mohammedans . . . that the Committee on Church and Such a conference held annually Social Service undertake a study of would mean much in developing the whole question of marriage and right relations between the Christian divorce in the United States. Strong and Mohammedan Filipinos, in bring- resolutions were adopted in support ing the claims of Christ to bear upon of prohibition and in favor of parthe leaders of Islam in the Philip- ticipation by the United States in the pines, and in preparing the way for Vorld Court. The Council was practhe spread of the Association Move- tically unanimous in its opposition to ment in this island, which is probably war, and especially to war over propthe neediest of all in the archipelago. erty interests. The State Department . . . Many of the students at the eon- was urged to find a method of peace ference pledged to give themselves to for the settlement of our controversies Christ, and under His leadership to with JV[exico. work to win the Moros to a life of peace and righteousness. We expect Women and Interracial Problems this conference to be a forerunner of a great program of play, education EMPHASIZING the need for more and character building. 'We must human relationships between enter this great door of activity." white and colored women, the Con- tinuation Committee of the Inter- Bible Campaign in Hawaii racial Conference of Church Women has made public its findings for con- ACAMPAIGN to place 5,000 New structive measures for creating good- Testaments in the hands of Amer- will between them. At the conference ican-born Japanese in the Hawaiian held at Eagles Mere, Pa., which was Islands was recently promoted by the attended by white and Negro women Pacific Agency of the American Bible from both the South and the North, Society through its representative, this Continuation Committee was ap- Rev. U. G. Murphy of Seattle. In this pointed to study the various recom- mendations made and to publish them as "findings" to go to church women

throughout the country as a working Henry Sloane Coffin of New York program. "Realizing that inter- City; Dr. Reinhold Niebuhr of De- racial action must be preceded by in- troit, and Rev. Charles W. Gilkey of terracial thinking," says the state- Chicago. ment' ., we find that the women of our churches need to learn to work with The conference opened with an ad- rather than for the Negro. We be- dress by A. Bruce Curry on "Where lieve that existing church organiza- Students Are and Why." The en- tions constitute the best channel for tire conferance was divided into fifty creating this attitude. " It was urged different discussion groups during that more stress be laid on educational the following days. and recreational facilities in small towns and rural communities. Forced Episcopal Bishops' Crusade housing segregation was condemned as unspiritual and undemocratic. THE General Convention of the Church women were urged to take a Protestant Episcopal Church at definite stand against such segrega- its meeting in New Orleans took up tion in their community. In regard the matter of evangelism in earnest, to lynching, the church women urged created a strong Commission on Evanthat ., preventive measures against gelism, and put at its head Dr. James lynching be adopted, and that ready E. Freeman, the Bishop of Washingcooperation be given those in control ton. A church-wide movement reof such situations; that an open sulted which is known as the Bishops' forum be secured in the daily papers Crusade. The working plans of tht' and press generally, to create right Comm:ssion include a six-days' Crupublic opinion." sade in each diocese, the entire Cru- ~ade to take place between January 6 National Student Conference and March 1, 1927.

ABOUT three thousand students of The Spirit of "7Ifissions thus inter- American Christian Associations, prets the meaning of the movement: and some two hundred and fifty young people from foreign countries, The Crusade is to be much more than a spent the last five days of the holiday series of conferences and meetings. It is season (Dec. 28 to Jan. 1) in confer- to be a mass attack against the power of ence at .ifilwaukee. They journeyed spiritual inertia, and to succeed, its aims, from everv state in the Union to at- methods and objectives must be carried to tend tlle National Student Conference every individual communicant of the Church. under the auspices of the National To this end parishes are being organized Council of Christian Associations of into groups for prayer and study, and as the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. the inspiration of the Crusade carries through to the hearts of the people, memo These undergraduate young men bel'S of these groups arc to become what and young women representing prac- Christians fundamentally must be, evan· tically every important college and gelists, exercising the Christian's privilege university in the United States con- and duty of carrying the Gospel to the sidered the theme, "What Resources world outside the Church. Has Jesus for Life in Our World f" This is the first time that these two A $1,000 Prize Offered intercollegiate bodies have thus united. Rev. G. A. Studdert Ken- T HE Foreign IHission Board of the nedy ("Woodbine Willie"), Chaplain SoutllCrn Baptist COJlvention to His Majesty, King George, and offers a. prize of one thousand dollars Rector of St. Edmund's Church, for the best manuscript on the theme, London, was one of the speakers. "Evangelical Christianity an Alter- Among others were the Rev. T. T. native for a Lost or Decaying Reli- Lew, a Chinese from Peking; Dr. G. gious Faith." This essay should be G. Kullman of Switzerland; Dr. between forty thousand and sixty thousand words in length. Three copies of the manuscript must be sent to the Foreign Missions Board of the Southern Baptist Convention, Rich- mond, Virginia, not later than

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

.Tanuary 1, 1928. They must be sub- ing men of this Assembly and the mitted anonymously, accompanied by thinking men of Mexico believe in and a letter giving the name of the author. love the Christ! I know of nothing For further information write to Rev. more beautiful, more revolutionary, .T. F. Love, Secretary, Richmond, more moving, more holy, or more pro- Virginia, U. S. A. gressive than the Gospel of Christ.

. . . The revolutionary party would "China. Around the Corner" like to see all Catholics become Chris- T HIS phrase is used by The Con- tian once more and we ourselves gregatiorwlist in calling attention would like to be better Christians. to the importance of reaching with We who constitute the revolutionary the Christian message Chinese in this party would rise above our past failcountry who are engaged in laundry ures-for along with the great things work and similar occupations. For we have done we have sinned-and many years a devoted group of ear- there is but one Person who can save nest men and women have been main- us, namely, .Tesus our Lord! Oh, taining Chinese Sunday-schools in would that the revolutionary party various churches of all denominations, had the courage to raise high His teaching eager pupils to read English, banner I"~ helping them to adapt themselves to American customs and institutions, Evangelical Seminary, Porto Rico T and winning them to the Christian HIS union theological institution serves the EvangelIcal churches in life. Recently a convention of the Chinese Sunday School Workers Porto Rico, Santo Domingo and Union of New England was held in Venezuela. This year there are Roxbury, Mass. JUrs. ~Iartha Henry, thirty-nine students preparing for president of the Union, states that the Christian ministry. Of these, their work could be greatly extended eight are Baptists, three are Congreif thev had more volunteer teachers. gationalists, seven are Disciples, six No technical training is necessary in are Methodists. thirteen are Presbyorder to teach in these schools, still terians and two are United Brethren. less a knowledge of the Chinese lan- In Porto Rico there is a well-estabguage. A chapel in Canton, China, lished plan of interdenominational has been erected by the gifts of Chinese in America, pupils in Chinese mission work, with a division of ter- Sunday-schools. These same pupils ritory by agreemrnt to prevent over- help support a Bible woman with lapping and to direct cooperation. • headquarters at this chapel. There is a Union Chnrch in San .Tose, an evangelical seminary and a book- storr in Ponce. The Committee on LATIN AMERICA Cooperation has a secretary, Mr.

Christ in Mexico's Congress Drury, and the Union Seminary has DEPUTY Antonio Diaz Soto y for its president Dr. James A. Mc- Gama recently made a speech iit Allister who has been in Porto Rico the Mexican Congress in which he de- for a ([uarter of a century.

nied the allegation that the present Thr seminary (founded in 1919), revolutionary movement aims at the owns land val~ed at *30,500, but is – "nnchristianization" of Mexico. He greatly in need of buildings. At said: "I shall close mv discourse and present it is housed in a rented house I wish to open it by" honoring that on the main highway. The plans ap- holy Name which the Church has for- proved by the mission boards call f()r gotten-namely, Jesus the Christ. $228.000 to complete the project-in- And in naming His Name I am cer- cluding recitation hall, dormitories, tain that I have the sympathy and chapel, profes~ors' residences, land hearty endorsement of each member and general equipment.

of this august body. . . . The think- "Porto Rico for Christ" is the

motto on which all the denominations The neighbors of this woman would unite. As the Boards cannot supply not pass her house lest fire fall from the funds for the completion of the heaven upon them, according to the seminary buildings, the money must warning of the priest. That woman be given by friends in America. today is mother and grandmother of twentv believers who are the center League to Combat Illiteracy and strength of this group. She has H C. TUCKER, Secretary of the burned her innumerable idols and in • Brazilian Agency of the Ameri- their place are found gospel invitacan Bible Society, writes in the tion verses. "

Ch /·istian Observer: "Seventy-five per cent of the population of Brazil Weekly Pay…ents for a Bible R is. illiterate, according to a recent fed-EV. GEORGE P. HOWARD, Field Secretary in Argentina for eral census. And this in one of the civilized countries of the world! the -World's Sunday-School Associa- What is the Brazilian Government tion, writes of an institute held in doing in the way of providing educa- Buenos -,-'ires for Sunday-school tional facilities for illiterate adults V work where he had an exhibit of the At present, the federal, state and mu- available literature and helps for nicipal resources available for educa- teachers. and Christian workers. "It tion are by no means adequate for is most comforting to see what a fine schools for the population between collection of books we have gradually the ages of six and fourteen years. published in Spanish in the different Consequently there is no money to countries and by the various denomi- provide for the teaching of illiterate nations. Almost the entire exhibit adults. A League to Combat Illiter- was sold out two or three times. It acy was organized several years ago is encouraging to see that our work- in the capital of the republic and has ers are beginning to realize the need extended its work into most, if not all, for reading and study. I have been of the states. Considerable interest able to get many of our Sunday- has been awakened and some definite schools to put in workers' libraries.

work is being accomplished. A League In nearly every case, they have a li- for National Defense, which has been brary for the children. In a country in existence for several years in Rio like this where there are no public de .Janeim, has recently' appealed to libraries, you may know how useful the public for rooms and volunteers these little libraries can be. And the to teach illiterates to read and write." hopeful thing is that the children are eager to read. One little girl, in a • Influence of One Chilean WODlan Sunday-school which I was visiting, CONNECTED with the American bought a Bible; she is paying for it Presbyterian mission station in at the rate of ten cents a week. I Taltal, northern Chile, are five groups wonder how many children in Amerof Christians which are entirely se1£- ica would be willing to work for their supporting. They are led in their de- Bible in that manner?"

votional meetings in their homes by EUROPE one of their own number and contribute enough to pay for their litera- C.burch Reunion in Scotland W ture and the occasional visit 0.£ the ITH true Scottish caution, the nearest pastor. Rev. Jesse S. Smith Church of Scotland and the tells the story of one of these groups: United Free Church have been deal- "Thirty years ago the inhabitants of ing slowly with the matter of reunion, the valley brought their offerings as but the movement has been progress- a sacrifice before a sacred stone. ing steadily. The question was sent Twenty years ago one woman ac- down to presbyteries and congrega- cepted the Gospel of .Jesus Christ. tions a year ago, and returns came

927] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

before the Assemblies last May. In women's committee for work among the Church of Scotland the vote, both the women of Denmark, principally in presbyteries and congregations, for candidate work. Among the was practically unanimous for re- thirteen members of the Danish Mis- union. In the United Free Church sion Council, which includes all Dan- of Scotland, out of seventy-five or ish missions, there are two women. In eighty presbyteries, all except two the committee for missionary studies concurred, and one did not vote. In the influence of women is even the congregations of the United Free greater. Church about two thirds gave a fa- vorable vote, and of these almost The Finnish Missionary Society rethree fourths were unanimous. If the ports lights and shadows concerning Union Committee of 100, appointed its work. Among the lights must be by the Assemblies, upon which those mentioned the fact that its work has opposed to union are fully repre- increased sixfold since 1913. Then sented, are able to complete tlleir there were 3,523 baptized members. work in time, it is possible that the Now there are about 20,000 and there basis of union may be sent down by are native pastors in every field. For the Assemblies of 1927, and that the the 64 schools of that period there union will be consummated in Oc- are now 211, and the educational tober, 1928. work in Africa has moved forward in all the schools. Medical missions have Portuguese Decree on Missions increased steadily. But while the gifts for the work have increased, the T HE Portuguese Government has society has run more deeply into debt issued a decree regulating mission- with every succeeding year. ary work in Africa and Timor, in the East Indies. According to Evangeli- TransforD1ation of Oorinth cal Christendom, "provision is made for the support of Roman Catholic SO:'llE of the changes that have been missions and animosity is shown to brought about in Corinth since other missionary effort. Tolerance is the arrival five years ago of 2,700 promised to them but it is boldly children who had been evacuated stated that their methods and work from Turkey by the Near East Relief are opposed to all the traditions and are thus summarized in The New outlook of the Portuguese people. Near East: "Today Corinth numbers They are accused of being centers of between ten and eleven thousand inintrigue and their home societies of habitants. The town that in 1923 lay having been the source of false accu- drugged in dirt and disease, now sations against the Portuguese Gov- hums with activity. In the last two ernment. The paragraph devoted to years three hnndr~d new houses have Protestant missionary work bears all been built, in the erection of which the signs of rooted hostility. The at- {iye graduate boys, taught carpentry titude of the Government is, to say in the orphanage, have helped. There the least, disquieting." is a fine new hotel by the seashore. There are two open-air cinemas. A Danish and Finnish Missions theological school with seventy en- rolled pupils has sprung up on the THE outstanding fact reported for northern seashore. The Bishop of the foreign missionary organiza- Corinth, a young man and a strong tions in Denmark is the increasing factor in the progress of the town, is place being given to women. The erecting an industrial school for girls boards of societies sending out mis- that will accommodate two hundred sionaries all contain women members. and will be supported by funds de- This was a matter of continued agita- rived from the port eustollL~. A projtion for many years. Now the Dan- ect is under way, toward which a ish Missionary Society has a special million drachmas have already been

appropriated, to make a harbor of gleat field for sowing the seed of too the beautiful little bay. It is ex- Gospel. Every opening for Christian nected that this harbor will be com- instruction is taken full advantage pleted in 1928 and will bring to Cor- of, the missionaries missing no opporinth a prosperity she has not known tunity of pntting the Scriptures into for centuries and promote trade ac- the hands of these readers. The tivities that have been wakened to country is open as never before for new life since the coming of Near the g'ospel messenger . . . It is an East Relief." inspiring thing to the workers to testify openly for Christ in the midst SerlJice of Friends in Russia of the Moslem multitude.

AvVRITER in the Arnet'ican Friend TChristian Endeavor in Egypt 1 eports that in hvo towns in HE society founded in Cairo in Russia the welfare centers, the sani- I89! by Rev. J. P. White, D.D., of tarium and the work in the schools the lTnited Presbyterian Mission "are being turned over to the local marked the beginning of Christian Engovernment, who already have shared deavor work in Egypt. Today Cairo quite enthusiastically in the general has a large and very active Christian supenision, and who will, we believe, Endeavor work, and the most cosmosuccessfully carryon the welfare pro- politan Christian Endeavor societies in gram started by the Friends. The the world are to be found in that city. Friends Center in Moscow is an in- Attend a Christian EIideavor meeting ternational center in every sense of there, and you will hear many lanthe word. Often it has had to assume guages and meet Endeavorers from all the duties of a consular office. Intro- parts of the world. Egypt now has ductions are arranged, checks cashed, eighty-seven Christian Endeavor sointerpreters supplied, itineraries sug" cieties for men and boys, and twentygeste:l, lodgings located, all the hun- eight for women and girls, for custom dred and one varioHs tJlings tl18t tour- does not allow the Sexes to meet toists want done have claimed a good gether. There are nearly 5,000 mempart of the workers' time and atten- bers, and their contributions amount tion. Friends are the only outside or- to more than $5,000, most of it going ganization with sneh an office in to evangelistic work. These societies .I1osc0',", and in view of the Soviet are earnest evangelistic workers. For Government'~ kindly feeling toward instance, a few years ago a young sous there are unlimited opportnnitie~ ciety appointed an evangelistic comfor ns to develop onr Good Will mittee, which began to hold meetings (;<>nter in that city." in a town near by. The result was the building of a church which has an AFRICA attendance of about a hundred, with about fifty present at the women'8 R.eaching Moslems in Morocco prayer meeting.

T HE Southern Morocco :Iission, a Christians on the Police Force Scottish organization which sent out its first missionaries in 1889 and REI'. HENRY A. NEIPP, one of now has twenty-six workers, reports: the American Board Mi~sion at "Government schools have been Ochi1eso, West Africa, writes: opened in all the cities and towns. The youth of Morocco are thus receiv- "Our relatioM with the Portuguese ing enlightened ideas of science, Government are very good. Our adgeography, and other branches of rninl:stra.tor shows marked apprecialearning. As a result, much that they tion for the work done at Ochi1eso. were wont to consider sacred and un- Seeing that his native police force was aRsailable is now fonnd to be nnten- not above stealing and being bribed, able. and their faith in many of their he has called in new men, choosing old beliefs is being rudely shaken. In this condition of mind there is a

them from the outstations from among touch quickly and directly with any new the Christians. It is a very difficult neighbourhood. Very few Sudanese value position for these young men. The education enough to let their children stay administrator has permitted the build- a sufficient number of years to go through a primary,sehool course; but an inereasing ing of a chapel at the fort, which is a number have Borne idea that a certain great move forward, and will be a amount of education will be useful even to' great help to the many workers as well as to the Christian policemen. girls, and so are willing to let them attend a Kuttab. . . . As there are IlO social dis- tinctions in Islam the children of our Kut- Thirty evangelists from twenty out- tab schools represent evory class of society; stations came here for a special course so we touch ail, and the child of the beggar of three months. The curriculum is sits quite happily by tbe child of the judge especially adapted to their needs, and or the officer. includes lessons in the Portuguese language. A native preacher is per- Among the points which prove the mitted by the Government to have an value of the kuttab, Miss Miller menoutstation only if he knows how to tions the daily religious teaching and speak Portuguese." Bible study, including memorizing; the ready entrance to the homes of the children which is accorded to their JubUee of the Uganda Mission teacher, the consequent opportunities for talks on Christianity and hygiene, I T WAS in 1877 that the Church Mis- and for combating degrading customs, sionary Society took the Gospel to and the many means of getting into the Baganda, and many plans are be- touch with adults which the kuttab ing' made for a worthy commemoration affords, for example, a club for older of the event. A leaflet appealing for a girls, and lantern lectures for men. Jubilee Fund of £25,000, says: "The wonderful story of Uganda is one of ~~~~''''''

the precious possessions of the Church, Spiritual Growth on Kru Coast and a convincing proof that the Gospel of Jesus Christ is still the power A HIGH note of spiritual power is of God unto salvation. A great living said by Rev. W. B. Williams, church is being built up, a church Methodist missionary in Liberia, to which is showing the reality and the have been maintained during the revitality of her faith by being self- cent Native Vorkers' Institute and governing, self-supporting as regards the I<'ifth Kru District Conference. He her native church organizations, and writes: " Kever in its history had self-extending. It is hoped that the Niffoo, a former center of devil wor- Jubilee year will be to the Uganda ship, been known to be so quiet. We Church not simply a time of glad com- deeply appreciated the cooperation memoration but also a time of real given by the :,itfoo chiefs, who made a spiritual uplift to all those who pro- law, rigidly enforced, that during the fess and call themselves Christians, seven days the Methodist delegates and to that end special missions will were in Niffoo there should be no drum be held throughout the diocese." beating, dancing nor wife-beating. May God hasten the time when such Primary Schools in the Sudan legislation shall not be necessary, for ,all shall know Him, from the least to THE Church Missionary Society em- the greatest.' Increasingly do these phasizes the evangelistic value of annual gatherings of onr native lwttabs, or very elementary schools. workers show the steady improvement, and the desirability of haying them in mentally and spiritually, and the ('yen' large town in the Sndan. From steady advance in civilization being Omdurman, where the C. IVL S. has made by our Kru teachers and min- two such schools, lIiss jIiller writes: isters of the Gospel." On the confer- Prom a missionary point of view these ence Sunday a fine new church kuttalJs are a unique way of getting into building was dedicated free of debt.

THE NEAR EAST great liberty. They are all eager to Signs of Turkey's New Life send their children to school and their A CORRESPONDENT in Turkey wives to our Sunday women's meet- of Eva.ngelical Chr1:stendom calls ing."

attention to the fact that, according to the new civil code which went into Evangelizing Jews in Palestine effect in October, nominal religious THE British Society for the Propaliberty is granted to all citizens of the gation of the Gospel among the Turkish Republic. Up to the age of Jews reports for 1926: "We have eighteen, young people are expected to abundant reason to thank God for the remain in the religion of their parents, ble:ssing that is resting on the work in but after that age they are perfectly Palestine. Its growth has been wonfree to adopt whatever religion they derful. In 1921 we had but one mischoose. In accordance with this it wiII sionary; now our staff comprises ten, be possible for a Moslem after he is and they are assisted by a number of eighteen years of age to accept C11ris- honorary helpers. Then we had but tianity and to have his new status offi- one building, unfurnished, and in need cially recognized by the Government. of much repair; now we have a we11- This runs counter to the Moslem law equipped mission house on Mount concerning apostasy, and one cannot Carmel, and adjoining it new property predict how fully the new law will be has been purchased; while in the enforced, but the prospects are that center of the town we have rented the Government will carry out the premises in which we are able to deal provisions. The Government recog- with great numbers of Jews who nizes the fact that Moslem children could not otherwise be reached. Not are most influenced by religious teach- only do meetings of various kinds folings when under eighteen years of low each other in quick succession, but the Mission is crowded to the doors age. at many of them, and the marked at- tention of the Jews to the gospel mes- The American Board is authority sage is noteworthy. The services are for the significant statement that the mainly conducted in Hebrew, but ad- Turkish Secretary of E!lucation is to dresses are also given in Yiddish, select a group of promising boys and Arabic, German and English. In adlrirls ami place them in the American Board's schools.

"Inhabitants of Heaven" dition to the activities of these centers the Jewish colonies are regularly T HIS is the name given to the mem- visited by our missionaries." bers of the British Syrian Mission by grateful Druzes in Hasbeiya, because they had cured a sick young man. "Work Scholarships" at Teheran T One of them writes: "I know how HIS is the name given to a plan begun this year at the American easily thpy use such words, but we are longing to bring into these homes more College of Teheran, Persia. No student than mere physical comfo'r~. ,The receives free tuition and everyone stories the people tell us are very sad. works to earn a part or all of that We pray that the seed we try to sow which he is unable to pay. The bene- may bear real fruit one day. The fits of the plan have been many. Rec- Druzes are much more willing to listen ords in the offices have been com- than before. Today a Druze man pleted, the librar'y has been open at came and offered to do any kind OT all hours for the students, tlle pro- work for us, because I had nursed his fessors have been assisted in their wife, who is now getting better. They classes and laboratories, and special are really thankful, and all the sorrow activities have been conducted. In ad- seems to have softened their hearts, dition, the grounds of the college have so that one can speak to thelll ,vith been greatly improved. Persian

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Ymtth, published by the students, com- the support of the children. Some ments: time ago this woman gave a rupee to one of the Christian teachers, asking The whole plan of work-scholarships has her to put it in the collection on Sun- contributed something to the spirit of P~r­ day. About a fortnight ago she sh, for it has taught the honor and value handed me four annas. I asked her of work. The spirit which enables a man what her motive was in giving her to shovel dirt and carry stones will enable money to the Christian church. She him to help build a better Persia. The told me that she had been praying for willingness to do hard work, the ability to something in the name of Jesus Christ do it cheerfully, the desire to cooperate, and that Jesus had given her what the determination to have a part in the de· she wanted. I could see from her face velopment and improvement of an institu· that she was very happy. Then for a tion-all these will make finer men and a moment she became very quiet, and finer nation. finally she said, 'I know Jesus Christ hears my prayers although I am not a INDIA AND SIAM Christian.' "

Beauty in an Indian Church Help for Village Schools I N the center of a Christian settle- T HE unique work carried on by the ment in the jungle at Medak, Hy- American Presbyterian school at derabad, India, stands a Christian Moga in the Punjab is widely known in church of the proportions of a cathe- missionary circles. Two of the methods draL This is the central place of by which the school extends its inworship for the great community of fluence are thus described by Rev. R. Indian Christians, numbering over H. Carter: "One of the agencies for 50,000, who have gathered around the improving the village schools is the Rev. C. W. Posnett, a Wesleyan mis- annual Village Teachers' Institute. sionary, as a result of his thirty years' For ten days of hard work, the work in this native state. The church teachers of village schools discussed was opened a year ago, but there vital methods of Bible teaching and seemed something lacking in its beau- Christian character training, effective tiful interior, despite the, marbles and ways of teaching reading and arithmany tinted tiles. There was no metic, and how to begin project work stained glass in the windows. Six in village schools. The Village thousand Indian Christians, most of Teachers' Journal (published ten tl1em former outcastes, have given tIle times a year) has been carried on, money for a window, designed by and its service seems to be appreciated. Frank O. Salisbury, a well-known It is issued to help our missionaries British artist. The, subject is the in the supervision of the village Ascension, and Mr.. Salisbury says of schools, and to help train and inspire the window: ' 'The desire of the the village teachers in service. The donors was that their Church should subscriptions to the English edition be as beautiful as any Mohammedan number 700. There are editions in mosque or Hindu temple, and I trust nine different languages, two having that my work will help them to realize been added in the last two months. their ideal of beauty as an aid to wor- The Urdu edition alone is issued from ship." Moga."

A Hindu's Gifts and Prayers A Hospital Patient's Prayer AN Indian Christian at Jullundur, A CANADIAN Baptist missionary in the Punjab, tells this story: "A writes of a village Christian who Hindu teacher who has been in the went into a, government hospital for an City Girls' School for many years, operation: "He was a very ordinary first as a pupil and now as a teacher sort of fellow whose attendance at receives a very small salary. Her three children are all reading in the school. The husband neither lives with her nor gives her any money for

prayers was very infrequent. Yet The coming legislation will secure the eon- just before he was to go under the tinuance of the system whereby chaplains anrnsthetic he asked the district sur- belonging to the Church of England ancl geon for time to pray and this was paid by the Government of India will be his prayer: ' Lord Jesus, Thou didst sont out. die on the cross for me; if I live it is Thy will and if I die take me.' The Judson College Progressing surgeon and' the attendants, all Hin- dus, were amazed at such a testimony ENGL,ISH, Baptists report of this ineoming in such a way from such an stitution in Rangoon, Burma, "a unexpected source. The operation year of more serious application on was successful and instead of being the part of the students than ever placed in the ordinary ward he was before and to this 'can largely be placed with some caste people and credited the larger number of success- ful candidates for degrees. Among given every possible attention and those obtaining B.A. 's is the first special care. The caste people were Chinese woman candidate in Burma, an educational product of our own most kind to him and Abraham, the Henzada Mission Schools. One of the name of the Christian, was soon the Karen officials of the college has the friend of all. This has been a lesson double honor of being the Treasurer of the New University Trust and a to me and also a source of great en- member of the Legislative Council. {Jouragement. We look to the educated An interesting item in Judson's fupeople for a fuller interpretation of ture plans is the attempt now being made to collect sufficient funds from Christ sometimes, and are liable to the Christians of all races in Burma forget the lowest of the low." for a Chapel in our part of the new university plant out at Kokine, seven The Church of England in India miles from Rangoon. The President of Judson College was gratified by the T HE British Parliament will be manner in which the Bassein Sgaw caned upon this year to give sanc- Karen Association voted to pay its tion to a measure conferring autonomy quota to this worthy enterprise and upon thiR church. For a long period, expresses a hope that none of our proposals have been under consider- churches in Burma will hesitate to ation for conferring an independent follow the lead of these generous constitution npon it, and now the pro- givers." posals have been shaped in a manner satisfactory to the native communi- Retreat for Siam.ese Workers cants and without prejudice to the standing of the European and Anglo- FOR four years the evangelistic force Indian members. The situation has of the American Presbyterian been summarized thus in the London Mission in Lampang, Siam, has con- Christian: ducted what is called a "a Bible re- treat" in the mountains during the hot Today, British people temporarily resi- season. The plan had its beginning deut in India form only a comparath-cly in the realization that many of the small proportion of the Anglican commu- evangelists and colporteurs, and also nion there. At the last census, of 4,750,000 the pastors and elders in the churches, Christians in India, thf're were, in :round have too little to give out to those to figures, 387,000 Inilians belonging to the whom they minister. "Each year," Anglican communion, as compared with says Rev. Loren S_ Hanna, "we have 147,000 Europeans and Anglo-Inrlians. Such seen a definite improvement. This opposition as has been offered to proposals year it was due not only to larger atfor autonomy has Come from English-speak- tendance, but especially to a higher ing congregations who have envisaged the average quality of students and to the possibility that an Indian Church, with a deeper spiritual results." Among largo majority of Indian communicants, Jnight develop on lines uncongenial to them, and that government grants for the main· tenance of churches and chaplaincies to minister primarily to British-born servants of tho Crown in India might be withdrawn.

1927J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

the forty-five who attended there 1926 there were 38 such schools in were, beside the missionary family, Hawaii; 150 in the Philippine Islands; three pastors, one theological semi- over SOO in Korea; about 20 in Burma; nary teacher, elders from several 16 in Bulgaria; 50 in Cuba; and 7 in churches, school teachers, pupils from Syria and Palestine, including one in higher grades, Bible women, evan- Jerusalem itself. Reports had not gelists and colporteurs, and a number 'come in from Japan and China, but of young men who had personal prob- four training schools for vacation lems to be settled. school teachers were held under the auspices of the Japanese National GENERAL Sunday School Union. In Australia, South America and South Africa it is Industry as Related to Missions anticipated that the movement will be well under way by spring. The THE International Mis s ion a r y policy of the Association for some Council has decided to place on the years, has been to work through misagenda of its meeting, to be held in sionaries and native Christian agen- Jerusalem in 1928, a consideration of cies. Books and curriculum materials the relation of Christianity to indus- are issued which have the background try. This action was taken pursuant and deal with the problems of each to memorials received from several country. There are vacation school sources. 'rhe one presented by the materials in Korean, Japanese, Arabie World's Committee of Y. W. C. A. and Portuguese, all worked out by contained the following: those on the field, to meet the peculiar needs of the children there. T. S. VVe trust that in this agenda a large place EVANS, Secretary, 381 Fourth Ave., will be found for consideration of economic New York. problems and industrial conditions in their relation to mission work. With every year World's Evangelical Alliance the vital importance of this relation becomes more insistent. Western industry THIS organization was founded in has im-aded the Far East, carrying with it 1846 by representatives of the the latest inventions for the promotion of churches of Great Britain, with delemass production, too often unaccompanied gates from the Continent and the by any of the safeguards which have been United States. Henry Martyn Gooch, painfully worked out in the course of a secretary of the British organization century for the protection of the European for the past twenty-five years, recently worker. Side by side with the machinery of stated that, in the past ten years of 1926 flourish the factory abuses of 1802; progress by the Alliance, nothing had child labor as England knew it in the early been more marked than the increasdays of the industrial revolution, night em- ingly close association with missionary ployment of women, boys, and girls, hours societies through the Week of Prayer. cruelly and wastefully long, conditions of Relations were early established with employment full of peril to life, limb, and the National Christian Councils of health. When industry in this form is set China and India; while warm fellowup by men of Western race coming from ship exists with the Japan Book and countries nominally Christian, fellow-citi· Tract Society, and with numbers of zens of the missionaries who preach the individual missionaries, far and wide, Christian faith on the mission field itself, as well as with numerous other misthe question as to the attitude of the Church sionary bodies. Plans are under way in the face of such negations of the teach· for an 80th Anniversary Thanksgiving of our Master inev,tably arises. It has ing Fund of at least £10,000. The put in bewilderment and distress of· mind Fund will be expended in the direct Eastern people who have accepted the new aims of the Alliance by living agents, teaching-such as Chinese Christians-and and not upon buildings. An outstandaroused indignant contempt in their fellow ing need, also, is additions to the staff. countrymen who, rejecting the Gospel, can point triumphantly to the contrast between Christian principles and practice.

Daily Vacation Bible Schools AREPORT issued by the Interna- tional Association of Daily Vacation Bible Schools announces that in

books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-

'l'HE REVIEW.

The China Year Book, 1926-27. Edited by Who, " though with thirteen Chang, H. G. W, Woodhead. Pp, xxix, 1320. nineteen Chen, twenty-nine Li, and $12.50. forty-nine Wang entries, for illustra- What the "Statesman's Year tion, foreigners not knowing the Book" is to the entire world, this Chinese eharacters given would still bulky volume is to China and Us dependencies. Its mass of topics may be at Sea as to "Who's Who" of those be seen in its eleven-page table of numerous families. The draft of the contents and its twenty-nine page in- New Constitution of China, adopted dex. Of the hundreds of subjects, we in December, 1925, is as interesting cim select only a few which will ap- as it is inactive. A Bibliography for peal most 'to the R1EvIEw's constitu- 1925-26, briefly annotated, supplies ency and to prospective and actual Chinese missionaries, the best literary account of China of recent years, though not as full as is desirable. Single pages, like that on The chapters upon Geography, J. Yen's "Mass Education Move- Climate and Meteorology are an au- ment," are intensely interesting; thoritative and interesting presenta- though one looks in vain for any full tion of factors intimately affecting statement as to the National Script.

missionary life and usefulness, So The Chicago University Press is to be also is the section by Sir E. T. Back- thanked for importing these volumes house upon the Chinese Language, for American use. H. P. B.

and' the preceding sketches on the people and their history. Chapter American Villagers, C. Luther Fry. 8 yo. XIII gives an excellent account of 201 pp. $2.50. New York. 1926.

education in the R.epublic, with a very There is much new information and favorable showing for the many mental delight in C. Luther Fry's higher institutions under missionary book. In this study, conducted under care. In Chapter XVIII the various the auspices of the Institute of Social religions are described with a fairly and Religious Research, Dr. Fry adequate sketch of Protestant Mis- shows that the village is not properly sions, though with no statistics a part of the rural population but a (found in an earlier issue). A full way of life more different from the account of Roman Catholic workers country than it is from the city. He is given and their converts and ad- confirms the language of an East In- herents are said to number 2,277,421 dian who traveled in America re- in 1!>23-24, under the care of seven- cently and before setting sail said, teen Orders and Congregations. The "In India our villages are agricul- Labor and Anti-foreign Agitation tural but so far as I can observe your chapter was brought up to date, but American villages are cities." We much has since happened affecting have been mistaken hitherto in believ- foreigners. The Sino-Soviet Confer- ing that the village loses or gains its ence of 1924 constitutes an interesting population with the open country.

side-light on Soviet designs and Chi- The increase of villages surpassed nese relations thereto. Chapter XXX that of the open country in the first is China's seventy-four page "Who's twenty years of this century as 47.2 158

THE MISSIONARY LiBRARY

compares with 5.4. This is much the nature of the change and what it imparts." These Lowell Lectures, denearer the rate of growth of cities. livered in King's Chapel, Boston, during February, 1926, are in four Indeed, Dr. Fry shows that, except chapters: Religion in History; Reli. gion and Dogma; Body and Spirit; for one type of small city, the village Truth and Criticism. The volume aims to give a concise analysis of the showed the most rapid growth of any various factors in human nature which show the development of reliunit in the population. gion. The author's contention is that the ages of faith are the ages of ra- When church people come to under- tionalism. He tries to show the in· evitable transformation of religion stand the village they will cease to with the transformation of knowl- edge. The foundation of religion is load the village down with churches. found in our apprehension of those permanent elements which insure a Leaders forget two things: First, stable order in the changing world. Religion for Mr. Whitehead is the that the village is not going to be a longing of the spirit that the facts of existence which man. knows should city and cannot stand too many find their justification in the nature of exi~tence. churches; second, that the village is There are many points in which not a living part of the open country, we do not agree with the writer, but he certainly challenges thought. so that the farmers will not auto- J. F. R. matically come to a village church. W. W. Cassells, First Bishop of Western The greatest proportion of minis- China. Marshall Broomhall. Illus., maps, xxiii, 378 pp. 68. net. London. 1926. ters in America live in the village. The reviewer recalls a Thursday There are more parsons per thousand morning in late April, 1885, when the subject of this biography, fresh persons than in the city and far more from his London curacy, came into our Tung Chou home en route for than in the open country. Shansi. Thero he spent the opening months of his China apostleship, prior Dr. Fry; who takes his material to passing on to the great and needy province of Sze ch 'uan, where his life from the Census, shows that the em- work lay, first as a member of the China Inland Mission, and later for ployment groups of men-though not thirty years as Bishop of the Church of England. As cricket player at in the same degree of the women- Repton, as "footer" at Cambridge Gniversity, and later as one of the are nearly uniform throughout the famous "Cambridge Seven" who aroused a greater interest in China country. It has long been obvious to Missions than any other group had done, he had left his impress upon students that the village has an anat- all who came to know him. The spiritual impression made by him and omy of its own, that it has invariable his companion, Stanley Smith, upon our station and upon Peking missionelements which you may look for as aries was a sample and prophecy of you ride in in your car, or ride up from the railroad station, seeking a service unit. Dr. Fry shows that population divisions by occupations are also uniform throughout the countrv.

The'delight of the book is that of reading a skilled and vivid story in which statistics are made to do magic.

The author makes use of measure- ment to convey information in a man- ner so skilful as to delight and satisfy the mind. w. H. W.

Religion in the Making. Alfred North Whitehead. 160 pp. $1.50. New York. 1926.

That John Dewey writes commending this book is a fact which speaks for itself. He says: "There is news in the realm of mind. The mentality which has prevailed for three centuries is changing. Whitehead says the change is not short of revolutionary . . . He does succeed in a wonderful way in giving his readers a sense of what he continued to do for forty Amid dangers an.d heavy burdens he years. is so buoyed up by a living faith that The items in that remarkably fruit- one cannot read the record without ful service are set forth in such an abiding uplift. His cathedral city detail that one sees the devoted Chris- was Pao Ning, "protecting Serenity tian and missionary in his private of mind" or " peace, " whi eh describes and public life with a vividness that the Bishop, whether in his home, in rarely appears even in missionary bi- his shipwrecks on the Yang tze, in ographies. Yet it is not pictured perils of robbers, or when perplexed as to duty by the call of the Archwith much scenic or ethnological bishop of Canterbury from his remote background. It is written much as western outpost to the Mid-China Henry Martyn or David Brainerd Bishopric-an honor which he dewould have recorded their missionary clined. Bishop Cassells had no experiences. The "Imitation of Christ, " the writings of Frances "small talk" to waste, and humor was Ridley Havergal and those of the sadly lacking; but heavenly conver- Keswick type, are examples of the sation, upbuilding addresses and style found here, both in the Bishop's sermons wrought a rich harvest dur- ing the forty years at his inland post. own words and in the wonderful edit- Here is an apostolic memoir of our ing of Marshall BroomhalI, who has, own day, the portrait of a spiritual in this volume, added another valu- giant as he strives personally to overable contribution to missionary litera- come besetting evils and as he leads ture. his scattered flocks into the green Bishop Cassells had a difficult task set before him,-to act at once as a pastures and beside the still waters of superintendent of the China Inland Mission in Eastern Sze-ch 'nan and as the Christian life. Well did the the first Bishop of the Church of England, presiding oyer missionaries Archbishop of Canterbury, write of and churches of that denomination belonging to' the China Inland Mis- him: "The death [Nov. 7, 1925] of Bishop Cassells removes from among us one of the very foremost mission- aries of our time." H. P. B.

sion. This position of mediatorship The Cost of a New World. Kenneth Mae· between bodies so different in person- lennan. 8 vo. 185 pp. with appendix and nel and methods, Cassells filled most index. $1.00. New York. 1926. 28 6d.

wonderfully, mainly because he was London. 1926.

himself filled with the Spirit of God. Kenneth Maclennan is Secretary of Rarely do we see a biography which the Conference of Missionary Socieso impresses the reader with the life ties in Great Britain and Ireland, and filled with constant eyidences of the General Secretary of the United victorious Christ living within him. Council for Missionary Education. The Bishop cannot write a paragraph The object of tliis book is to present without clothing his thought in words a brief suryey of the material forces of Scripture, and his prayers were at work in the pre-war world and to truly his "vital breath." reveal the relation of Christianity to But action in yaried circumstances current world moyements.

and in "perils oft" is not left out No age of Christian history has had of the picture. Paul '8 Iliad of woes more serious problems to solve than in 2 Cor. 11 is here eclipsed in many has ours. Our problems are such as ways; and what that missionary dis- the g-rowth of nationality and the de- missed in the words, "there is that velopment of internationalism; race which presseth on me daily, anxiety antagonisms; the revolt of youth; for all the churches," fills many the industrialization of the Orient; p~ges-yet. the "anxiety" is always the opening of Africa; the awaken- mmgled wlth profound trust in his ing of national aspirations, especially Elder Brother and Heavenly Father. in the Far East, and the breakup of