The Missionary Review of the World — 1920 Index

Missionary

Review of the World VOL. XLIII OLD SERIES VOL. XXXIII NEW SERIES Founded in 1878 by Editor·in·Chief, 1888 to 1911 ~EV. ROYAL G. WILDER, D. D. REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON, D. D.

JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1920 EDITOR DELAVAN L. PIERSON HENRIETTA M. HYSLOP, ASSISTANT EDITOR EDITORIAL ASSOCIATES MRS. WM. H. FARMER MRS. E. C. CRONK Woman's Foreign Mission Bulletin Best Methods Department FLORENCE E. QUINLAN Woman's Home Mission Bulletin RANDOLPH H. HOWLAND, Business and Advertising Manager EDITORIAL COUNCIL REV. ALFRED WILLIAMS ANTHONY, D. D. fRS. HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY REV. F. C. STEPHENSON. M. D. W. E. DOUGHTY MRS. PHILIP M. ROSSMAN REV. MILES B. FISHER, D. D. FEN NELL P. TURNER REV. CHARLES L. WHITE, D. D. Rltv. W. H. GRIFFITH THOMAS, D. D. REV. ROBERT P. WII,DER REV. A. W. HALSEY, D. D. REV. L. B. WOLF, D. D. JOHN W. WOOD, D. C. L. REV. S. G. INMAN MRS. O. R. JUDD REV. RALPH WELLES KEEI,ER, D. D.

COPYRIGHTED, 1920—PUBLISHED BY THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC.

COOPERSTOWN, N. Y. AND 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW'YORK BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, p,'esident PROF. HARLAN P. BEACH FRANK L. BROWN, Vice~President MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer FLEMING H. REVEI,L DJ;;LAVAN L. Pn:aSON, Secretary DICKINSON W. RICHARDS ~v. W. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, PH.D. REV. CHARLES R. WATSON, D. D.

"MRS. E. C. CRONK

OF ONE VOLUME OF THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

Each year the RIlvIIlW contains the equivalent of twenty-one volume_, a complete library of Missions, on the history, .:nethods, principles, and progress of Missions, and the Hves of Missionaries and Native Converts. Each small volume would contain about 30,000 words (150 pages).

INDEX FOR 1920 MAPS, CHARTS AND POSTERS Page Foreign Mission Fields,-Unoccupied ……. 170 AFGHANISTAN, Forbidden Land of. ….. 864 INDIA, Ceylon, Afghanistan, Population of 188 – India, Ceylon, Population of. ……….• 188 Indian Reservations and Schools ………. 988 AFRICA, Mohammedan Population of…… 186 Interchurch General Budget 1920••••.•.••. 252 ALBANIA, Its Unredeemed Territories …. 781 JAPAN, Population of. ………………. 188 Americans, Unchurched Protestant. …….. 175 Ministerial Salaries ………………… , 200 ASIA, Unevangelized Central………….. 96 Ministers, Where They Live and Preach.: .. 191 BRAZIL, Comparative Size with U. S…… 172 Religious Distribution of Children ……… '. 199 Centenary Movement, Financial Campaign .. 215 – Bodies in U. S., Statistics ………….. 253 CEYLON, Afghanistan, India~ Population of 188 – Instruction, Hours Provided Annually …. 197 Childhood, Neglect of in U. ~………….. 195 Student Volunteers, Distribution of. .. VII (Feb) CHINA, Areas Served by Christian Colleges 798 UNITED STATES, Neglect of Childhood in 195 – Areas Unclaimed by Protestant Missions 173 – Population per Square Mile …………. 190 Cooperation, Denominational in Home and – Religious Statistics for ……………… 252 World Sunday School Enrolment. ……… 330 Foreign Missions ……………….. 225 PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS AFRICA, Arguments for Medical Missions CHINA, Woman's Bible Class in ………. 365 in West ………………………… 620 Chinese Family Altar Certificate ………. 639 Christmas Tree Frame ………. _……. __ 1046 – Good Raw Material ……………….. 350 Christmas Trees, Living ………. _…….. 1046 – Mission, Crowd of Bible Students in a Clock in Office of Kosuge Prison _. . . . . . . .. 502 Cloud, Henry Roe …….. __ '" ….. _….• 995 West ………………………….. 351 Community House in Lumber Camp ……. 708 -Sundar School Class of Girls in West …. 349 Coolie Women, Japan …. _……. _.. _…. _ 128 Akana, Rev. Akaika …………………. 688 ALASKA, Christian Indian Girl of…….. 40 Culion, Inside Hospital at. …… _. . . . . . .. 605 Alaskan Indian Baby………………… 39 – Leper Colony ……………….. _…. , 601 – Indians._ Pagan Ceremonies of………. 41 Deaf in Chefoo, Teaching the. _. . • . . . . . . . •• 536 Albanian Highlanders at Home ………… 779 Dodd, William Clifton ……………….. 102 Aleppo, Armenian Refugees in………… 21 Doleib Hill, Missionary Clinic .. _………. 523 Arab of Inland Arabia ………………… 1046 ECUADOR, Ice Cream Seller in_……. 49 ARABIA, Inside Dispensary of American – Street Scene in Guayaquil………….. 47 Edmunds, Dr. C. K ……….. _…… _.. __ . 793 Mission, Kuweit ………………… 1 Arabia, Arab of Inland ……………….. 1046 Equipment Which Can Be Sent to Mis- Arabia, New Hospital for Women ……… 1075 sionaries ……………………….. 910 Armenian Girl-uThe Mark of the False Eskimos Drilling in Ivory at Port Clarance.. 35 Proohet" ………………………. 23 Exhibits, Missionary ………………… 54 – Refugees in Aleppo………………… 21 Family Altar Certificate, Chinese……….. 639 – Refugees Learning Motion Song…….. 25 FIJI, Free Indian Girl in ……………… 279 – Refugees Returning Home………….. 24 – Mohammedan Moulvi in. _… _. . . . . . . . .. 277 Belgian Gospel Mission Brussels………. 45 Filipino Teachers, Class of Christian . . . . . . _ 607 BELGIUM, Queen Elizabeth and Mrs. R. C. Governor of Kosuge Prison, Christian…… 503 Grant, William Henry _… _……………. 792 Norton ………………………… 43 GUATEMALA, Carrying Image . . . . . . . . . . 679, Bible Picture Roll in Tibet……………. 547 – , Indian Boy of ….. _.. _. . . . . . . . . . . . . • .. 681 – Students in West Africa ……………. 351 – Three Indian Converts. _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 683 Brazil, Indians of. …………………… 1046 Guayaquil, Street Scene in……………. 47 Brazil, Indian Dance …………………. 1046 Happer, Dr. A. P_ … _.. _. _… _……•…. 792 Buddhist Temple, Honolulu…………… 687 Burrall, Jessie……………………….. 379 HAWAII, Japanese Child in …. _………. 686 Byzantine Basilica at Carthage………… 706 – Kinderga,rten Meltinl'!" Pot…………. . 685 Cairo, Sunday School, Opportunities in ….. 356 – Sample of Religion in New …….• _• . . .. 509 Canton Christian College, Administration – Sample of Old … _… __ . _…… _…….. 508 Building ………….' ……………. 795 Hawaiian Children in Mission School……. 513 – Students, Arts, and Sciences Department 797 Honolulu As It Looks Today ….•.•……. 507 – River Front and Boat Population …….. 791 – Boys of Mission School in ………….. 514 Car Shops, Noon Meeting in ……………. 1046 – Buddhist Temple in ……………….. 687 – Mission Building in ……………….. 515 Chart ……………………………… 1046 Hospital for Women in Kuweit …••…••••• Chefoo School, Teaching the Deaf in the …• 536 Cheng Ching-Vi, Dr………………….. 801 D Inca Indians, Ignorant and Poor ……..•. 965 – Mission School for Inca Indians…….. 1169 – In Peru, A Protestant Mission School for 969 Peruvian Cities, Two Characteristics of the INDIA, Baptismal Service …………..•. 189 Situation in ……………………… 1165 – Open Air, Sunday School in ………… 369 PHIL~PPINE IS., Approaching Culion ..• 603 – Phonograph Winning Audience ………• 854 – Rev. David Gordon in Traveling Work- – Cu!tOn Leper Colony………………… 601 – Gomg to Sunday School m the ..•…..•. 609 shop ………………………….. 255 – Inside Hospital at Culion …………… 605 – Some Native Christian Evangelists …… 253 – Protestant Chapel at Culion…………. 606 Indian Baby, Alaskan ….. _. . . . . . . . . • . . . . 39 Phonetic Script in China, Teachin~ the….. 368 – Boy of Guatemala …………………. 681 Phonetics Laboratory, Apparatus m ..•••..• 703 – Dancers at a Religious Festival ………. 960 "Primaries" at Riverton, N. J…………. 822 – Girl of Alaska, Christian……………. 40 Prison in Tokyo, Recently Built………… 500 Indian Appeal, South American ………… 1046 Refugees Learning Motion Song Artnenian.. 25 Indian Dance, Brazil. ………………. .. 1046 Roe Indian Institute, Cottage Homes •..•.• 996 Indians of S. A. Tierra del Fuego ………. 1046 RUSSIA, Moscow Y. M. C. A. Club ……• 265 Indians in Market, Cuzco, Peru………… 950 – Sacred Entrance to the Kretnlin ……..• 241 Indian Woman and Baby, S. A ………… 1068 – Stirring Up Religious Spirit in …….•.. 263 Interchurch Cabinet at Luncheon Conference 179 Sadhu Sundar Singh…………………. 611 – World Movement Cabinet. ………….. 161 Samuel, Sir Herbert……………….•.. 1048 JAPAN, Baby Organ in Service for Christ.. 854 – Boys Imitating Buddhist Festivals in…. 790 Shultz, Mr. and Mrs. Dan …………….. 975 – Coolie Women in Lumber yard …….. 128 – The Labor Evangelist, Dan •…..••.••• 977 – Possibilities in …………………..• 499 Seoul, First Member Cradle Ron .•.•….••.• 541 – Mission Kindergarten in ……………• 359 Soutb American Indian Appeal. ……….. 1046 – Wayside Scene in …………………. 753 South American Indian Woman and Bay .. 1068 Japanese Child in Hawaii. ……………. 686 – Coolie Women Coaling Steamer………• 125 South America, Tierra del Fuego Indians .• 1046 – Day Laborers Waiting for Work …….. 50t – Sunday School Rally in……………. 540 Jerusalem, Waiting for Sunday School to SIAM,. ~azaar Sc.ene,in Ke~gtunf(………. 109 – Chtlstlan Family m Ch,engra'………. 112 Open ………………………•…. 353 – Mountain Village in ……………….. 104 Kanamori, Rev. Paul. ……………….. 577 – Touring in Northern ………..•…….. 105 – Children of Paul…………………… 587 – Two Princesses Bin. ..M..u.a.n.g. .L..a.a.m….•……•…..•. 107 Kindergarten in JapanI-. Mission. . . . . . . . . . .. 359 Simpson, Dr. A. 267 KOREA, Giving Out Tracts from Ford …. 897 Singh, Sahu Sundar………………….. 611 Korean Christian Congregation…………. 187 SO~TH AMERICA, S. S. Teacher Training – Christians and Missionary, Group of. …. 811 Books ., …………………. _. . . . .• 363 Kosuge Prison ..,…………………. 504, 507 South American Indian Dancers at Religious Kremlin, Sacred Entrance to ………….. 241 Festival ……………•……….. " 1160 Kuwejt, Inside Dispensary American Mission 1 Student Volunteer Convention Des Moines, Living Christmas Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1098 Ia. ……………………………• 81 LIU CHIU IS., Busy Street in Naha …..• 769 Sudanese Boys in Sunday School……….. 357 – Christian Chapel…………………… 771 Sunqay School at Omdurman, Sudanese Boys – Market Scene in ………………….. 763 zn .•.•. " .••.•. " •• " •• '" ••••••••••• 357 Liu Chiuan Worshipping Before Tomb ….. 767 – Class in West Africa …..••……..•• " 349 – Grandmother …………………….. 765 – In India, Open Air……………….. 369 Lolodorf HOlOpital, Children and Mothers at 620 – Pageant in Manila ……•………..••.. 331 Lumber Camp, Modern Sanitary ……….. 981 – Rany in Tokyo ……………………. 335 Manila, Sunday School Pageant in ……..• 331 Medical Missions in Africa, Argutnents for .. 620 – Work, Leaders of World Wide …….••• 321 Missionary Clinic, 'Doleib Hill . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523 TIBET, Bible Picture Ron. in …•.•.•..•..• 547 "Miss Friend" ……………………… 1007 Tibetan, Priest, Typical……………….. 911 Mormon Temple in Hawaii. ……………. 689 "Morning Star," Missionary Ship ………. 511 – Priests Blowing Trumpets ………..••• 101 Moslem·Christian Debate, Group Taking – Table Lands and Mountain Peaks……. 91 – Twical .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . . . . . • .• 97 Part in ………………….•……. 875 Tibetans at Religious Festival………….. 93 – Lad Who Needs Christ…………….. 704 "Timothl' Stand-by" …………………. 372 – Women at Tomb …………………. _ 665 Tokyo, Beauties of Springtime in .••..••••• 289 Moslems at Prayer, North Africa …….••• 185 – Interior of Slutn…………………… 127 Noon Day Meeting, Dan Schultz_ ……… 977 NoW] Meeting in Carp Shops ………….. 1079 – Sunday School Rally in …………….. 335 N orton, Mrs. R. C. and Queen of Belgium 43 – Woman's Christian College …………•• 787 Pagan Ceretnonies of Alaskan Indians…… 41 Tunisians Drive Away Evil Spirits, How ••.• 707 Pearl of Great Price and Pearl Merchant .. 677 Wing Kwong Chung, Dr………………. 793 Woodmen's Shack, Typical Scene in …..•.• 979 PERU, Indians in Market …………….. 950 Workingmen's Lodging House, Tokyo …• 505 Y. M. C. A. Club in Moscow ••.••…•.•..• 265 Yukon Indians, Ruby, Alaska………….. 37 AUTHORS Acheson, Lila Bell . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . • . . • . • . . . 821 Calverly, E. E …..•………….•….••.• 1075 Allen, Mrs. John S…………………… 64 ,Capen, Edward Warren ……………….. 702 Anderson, Alice T.. ·………………..•.. 296 Cheng Ching-Yi, Dr…………………. 799 Anderson, Herbert ………………….. 253 Clamp, Mrs. F. H …………••…….•… 723 Applegarth, Margaret Too …………. 915, 550 Clark, James E………………………. 198 Archer, J nAo .I d aCBl a.r.k. ………… .. …………………………… 56 Clark, Joseph ………………………. 372 Atchison, 906 Col~man, H. E………………….. 359, 789 Athearn, Walter S……………………. 195 Cory, A. E …………………………. 218 Barton, James L……………………. 21 Crank, Mrs. E. C. Beck, Frank Orman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 Bennett, M. Katharine ………………… 820 55, 219, 291,379, 813, 911, 1001, 1095 Bernheisel, Mrs. C. F ………………… 895 Dako, Mrs. S. K…………………….. 779 Brain, Belle M………………………. 507 Daly, T. A. …………………………. 987 Braskamp, Otto …………………….. 365 Danner, Wm. M ……………………… ·601 Davis, Jerome ………………………. 262 Brimson, Alice W. S…….•…….•……. 1012 Day~.Mahlon H ……………………… 791 Brooks, Rev. Chas. A ….••…•…•.•…•• 984 De Mayer, Jenny …………………….. 865 Brown, Frank AL………………………………………………. 533371 Dennet, Tyler " …..•…..•.•..••..•..• , 182 Brown, Wm. Dickie, Edith C. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. • …. 899 Burges, Richard .. . . . . . • . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . .• 369 Diffendorfer, R. E……………………. 1110 Burgess, Rev. Paul …..•………..• 679, 904 Donaldson, Dwight Moo ……………….. 533 Burleson… Hugh Loo ………………….. 804 Doolittle, Geo. Coo …………………… 1084 Burton, J. W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 Doughty, W. E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Cady, Rev. George Loo ………………. 685 Dykstra, Rev. D…………………….. 675

Mrs. W. P ..•••••…..••.•••••••.••• 699 Murray, J. I,ovell

English, Frank Coo …………………… 201 Erdman, Walter C..•..•……….•..•..•.• 893 Norton, Edith Fox…………………… 43 Olson, E. W………………………… 718 Farmer, Mrs. W. H.137, 298, 549, 723, 919, 1103 O'Neill, F. W. S…………………….. 727 Ferguson, Mrs. Jno ………………….. 1011 Oxenham, John …………………….. 131 Fleming, 'Mrs. DA. .Jo,o………………………………………. 911227 Ford, Edward Oyler, D. S. ………………………..• 523 Fulton, George W.o . . . . . . 125 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000 Philcox, Henry N …………………… 377 Phillips, H. E. .. ……………………. 875 Furnistori, Foo •. 1085 0 0 0 ••• 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pierson, Delavan L …………………… 611 Gale, James Soo ……………………… 117 Goforth, Jonathan …………………… 282 Popley, H. A…….. ,.,. .. ,. …….. ,. … 543 Poteat, Edwin Moo,.,.,.,.,. .. ,. …… ,. .. 113 Gold, H. R …………………………… 291 Gonzalez, Juan 0 …………………….1069 Price, Samuel D. ……….•…•….. 362, 547 Quinlan, Florence E …… ,. .61, 226, 386, lOll Gordon, A. J. . ……………………… 973 Rade~ Re~ Paul ………………… 70~ 712 Haggard, F. P……………………. •• 185 Rainey, W. H. ……………………… 47 Hamilton, Mrs. KG.. ..W..oo…………………………………. 786939 Raymond, Mrs. C. B. …………….• ;…. 917 Harrington…. C. Rels, Jacob A …. ,0. ..•.,…,……….,…………………….. 906 Harrison, .t'aul. ……………… 597, 901, 1059 Reischauer, Helen 898 Hayne, Coe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708, 974, 1078 Reynolds, H. Coo ………. ,. …………. 179 Hellyer, Henry L. • •…•.••…..••••.•••. 297 Richardson, Norman E ………………… 337 Herrick, Ge"rge Foo ………………….. 1061 Riggs, Mary W …………•.••.•..•….•• ' 905 Higginbottom, Samuel ……………….. 262 Rohold, S. B…….. ,…. .. …….. ,.. 517 Hingeley, Jos. B…………………….. 200 Ryan, A. L …… ,.,. …. ,……………. 607 Hinkhous"," Paul AM ………………………………………… 103 Scott, Charles E…………………….. 136 Huntley, ueorge 58 Sibree, James …….•…•……….•….• 617 ~nkS' Mrs. A. E …………………….. 637 Singmaster, Elsie ……. ,. ,. ,. ,. .. ,. ….. 1002 ohnson, Mrs. Luke ………………….. 388 ohnston, Howard Agnew……………… 15 Stead, Blanche Wilson …………….•••• 997 ohnston, Mr… W. C..••..•.•••••••••••••• 530 Stock, Eugene …………•………….. 691 Taylor, S. Earl.,. .. ,. …………….. 171, 215 Thompson, Evaline A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1074 eeler, Ellen Coughlin………………… 526 Townsend, Mary …………..•..•.••.••• 912 Koenig, J. C………………………… 909 Lambuth, Bishop Walter R. ••••••••••••••• 874 Trowbridge, Stephen Van R ……………. 353 Trull, George H ………… ,………….. 343 Lehman, W. S……………………….. 621 Lewis, Elizabeth ……………………. 908 Turnbull, W. M…………….•…….••. 266 Liley, A. V …………. , ……………. 705 Upso~ Arthur Too …. ,. .. ,…………… 29 Lindquist! G. E. E …………………… _ 989 Van ""'ss, Dorothy.,. …… ,.,…………. 902 MacDona d, Caroline ………………… 499 Vince, Joseph …. ,………………….. 718 Mackenzie, Jean K …………………… 349 Wainright, S. H .. ,. .. ,.,. …. ,. .. ,.,.,.,.. 586 McBride, George M ••.•…•..•..•..• 961, 1064 White, George E…………………….. 885 White, J. Campbell .,. .. ,. .. ,…………. 211 McConaughy, David …………………. 204 Williams, Maude Newell …••……. , .•…. 903 McCormick, Elsie …………………… 213 McCrae, Lee ………….•.•..••.•••••••• 995 Wilson, J. Montgomery ……………….. 1014 McDowell, Clotilda L…………………. 913 Winton, Rev. G. Boo…………………. 693 McLeod, SCamhruiestliaAn ………………………………………… 637 Young, S. Hall,……………………… 35 Moffett, 811 Zacker, Rev. John L………………….. 721 Mott, John R. ……………………… 177 Zwemer, Samuel M ……..•. 28,2973, 624, 1089 Muir, John R …….. ; ……………….. 91 SUBJECTS-ARTICLES AND NEWS Aborigines, Japanese' …………………. 930 Alcoholism, International Congress against .. 1015 Aleppo, Importance of………………… 72 – Queensland ………….•.•..•.•…•..• 79 Almas, An Assyrian Mother (a) Mrs. W. P. ABYSSINIA, A Call from ……….. ,. … 489 AFGHANISTAN, At the Gate of, (a) Jenny Ellis ……………………………•• 699 AMERICA, Christian Education in (b) de Mayer …•….•………•…..•… 865 – On the Persian Border of (b) Dwight M. James E. Clark …………………. 198 – In Santo Domingo ……………….• 863 Donaldson .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .• 533 -Ne~,.J. Montgom~ry W.nson ………… 1014 AFRICA, A Growing Church …••….•.••• 653 — RehglOn and POhtlCS In (b) ..•..••… 669 • – Bolshevism in South……………….. 830 American Indians, Ur~ent Needs for (a) – Elevating the Women of (b) Mrs. W. C. G. E. E. LindqUIst ……………… 989 Johnston …….•..••..•……•..•…. 530 – Religious Education Survey (b) 'Walter – For Girls in South………………… 554 – Growth in East …………………… 829 S. Athearn " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • . . . . .. 195 – Idol Maker Discredited .••.. 0 ••• 0 ••••••• 932 Americanization, Best Methods for Chris- – Light in Darkest …….•..••…..••••• 653 – Mission, North …….•.•.•……•.•.•• 77 tian …….. , …•……………••••• 291 – Model City …………………..•.••• 652 – Program …. • . . . . . . . . .. ……••.•….• 389 – Mustard as Missionary Helper .•.•…••. 931 – Programs, Church •………•.•…….. 495 – Nationalism in ……………………. 1026 Americans, Interpreting the Gospel to New – New Church at Dondi ……………… 1026 – Plan to Appraise………………….. 652 (a) Chas. A. Brooks ……………… 984 – Reconstruction in West (b) Edward A. America's 'Scutcheon, A Blot on. " ; •.•••••• 494 Annual Home Mission Reports (a) …•••••• 226 Ford …………… ,. …………… 122 Antidote to Radicalism and Unrest (b) .••.• 497 – Refuge_ for Women in Nairobi. .•.••.•••• 829 Anti·Zionists Parade …………………. 561 – Soul Winning in the Jungle ………•..•. 553 Arab Nation, The New . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 – What Grew from a 'rin Church ..•.•…. 733 ARABIA, C. M. S. to R~tire from …•….. 647 – Where the Drum Calls to Sunday School – Fanatical Moslems of Central (a) Paul (a) Jean Mackenzie ………………. 349 Harrison ……………. . . . . . • . . • • . .. 597 African Life and Languages, School of .••. 932 Arabia, First Baptism in Kuweit. E. E. – Need of Organized Industry ………… 150 Africa, Nigerian Pastors' Association . . . . . . . 1117 Calverly ………………….. ~ ….. 1075 Africans, Learning Language from ……. _.. 732 ARGENTINA, New Church in ………… 234 ALASKA, Cooperation in ……….••….. 1017 ARMENIA-America Society An .•…..•.•.• 934 – Hospital for Point Barrow………….. 312 – Missions and Politics in (b) ………… 582 – The Redemption of (a) S. Hall Young .• _:' 35 Armenia's Call for Help .•………•….•.• 923 Alaska's Needs …………………….. 835 Army and Navy, Reli!?iious Work for (b)…. 12 Albanians-A- Forgotten Race, The (a) Mrs. ASIA MINOR, MisslOnary Outlook in (a) C. A. Dako……………………… 779 James L. Barton…………………. 21 ASIA, Unoccupied Fields in Central (b)…. 91 ASSOCiations, Religious Test for Student (b) 250

Mother An (a) Mrs. W. P. EIlis 699 – Christian Police Commissioner

AUSTRALIA, George Brown Memorial. … 1027 – Consecrated Wealth in .•………•…… 303 – Morality in ………………………. 836 – Conversions in Prison '" '" ………… , 825 Awakening of the Church of China (b) F. W. – Encouragement from …….•……….. 586 – Family Altar Suggestions…………… 75 S. O'Neill ……………………… 727 – Foreign Devil of Second Degree (b) Bahaism, Con!(ress of. •……………….. 1108 Balkans, SpirItual Movements in the…… 1020 Charles E. Scott. ………………… 136 – Funeral Rites in …………………… 1024 Baptist Headquarters in Rome …………. 1111 – Gospel by Boat …………………… 737 Baptist Mission, Telugu Area ………….. 147 – Importance of Bible Study in (a) Otto – Society Transferred from Boston…….. 729 Baptists Enlarge Mission Program . . . . . . . . . 310 Braskamp ………………………. 365 Basutos, French Protestant Mission to…… 150 – And Silk Industry…………………. 142 Beer Market in Asia …………………. 1023 – New Leper Asylum ………………… 1024 Best Methods .. 55, 219, 379, 813, 911, 1001, 1095 – New Soochow Hospital. ……………. 928 Beirut, Missionary Conference in ………. 924 – Opposing Forces in ………………… 1088 Belgian Gospel Mission (b) Mrs. Ralph C. – Opposition to Christianity in………… 9 Norton ………………………… 43 – Power of Prayer …………•…..•..•. 1023 BELGIUM After the War …………… 1020 – Religious Revivals in ……………..•• 859 – Before and After the War………….. 46 – Union Medical College ……………•.. 737 – "United With Heaven Business" …….. 651 – Protestallt Clinic at Brussels .•……•.•• 308 – Woman's Conference at Shanghai. .242, 242 Berean Band, The……………………. 391 – Worshipping a Rubbish Heap ………… 304 Bible Class at Pyeng yang……….•…•. 1116 China, A Serious Famine……..•…•••••. 1114 China Opposing Forces in (b) ……….. 1088 Bible Classes for Hotel Guests………••.• 220 China, Preparing the Way for Prohibition .. 1114 – In Korea, Teaching the (b) ………….• 541 China, Vocational Training . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . 1115 – In the Schools .•………•……….•.. 641 China's Need, A Chinese View of (b) …… 230 – Society, Gospel Distribution ………•.• 314 – Need of Christ (a) Cheng Ching Yi. … 799 – Study 10 China, Importance of, (a) Otto Chinese Christian General (a) Jonathan Go· Braskamp ………………………. 365 forth ………………………….. 282 – Study, The Knowledge of God (b) Samuel – Fish Dealer Becomes Pastor ……….. 928 M. Zwemer …………………….. 28 – In America, Christianizing (b)………. 2 Bible in Mission Schools ……………… 1118 – Interchurch Convention (b) …………. 161 Blind, New Bible for the ……………… 311 – Jews, Attempt to Reorganize .. .'……… 142 -John the Baptist, A ……………….. 1024 Bohemian Students' Conference, First .•••.. 1111 – Miss!ons, Cangre~s. a~ . …………….. 825 Boiling Caldron in India, The (b) ……•.. 753 – Offic13l and Chnsttamty……………. 304 Bolivian Diplomat Appeals for Indians .•…. 312 – Pastors, For Weary ……………….. 929 Bolshevik "Bible," The ………………. 1111 – Proverbs .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 825 Bolshevism in Asia Minor……………•.. 924 – Woman Doctor, Work of. …………… 141 -In South Africa…………………… '830 – Women Combat Concubinage ………… 737 – Moslem Condemnation of ……………. 924 Chosen Christian College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1025 Books-See Special Index List. – Parable of the Seed……………….. 143 Britain, Religious Situation in ……•..•… 234 Christ, A Changing Apprehension of (a)…. 87 "Christian Americanization," Suggestions on 62 BRAZIL, Falsehood and Threats in …..•.. 1018 Christian and Missionary Alliance……… 67 – Womanhood Awakening ……………. 1018 – and Missionary Alliance, Founder of (a) – In Dark ……………….•………. 643 Brazilian Sunday Schools . • . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . 393 W. M. Turnbull …..•……….•….. 267 – Y. W. C. A. in …………………… 940 – Education in India…….. …………. 73 – New School for Girls in Rio ………… 313 – Endeayor in Turkey……………….. 646 Brother on the Frontier, My (a) Coe Hayne 974 – Fundamentals League ………•…….. 641 Christianity-Oriental and Occidental (b) .. 956 Bubonic Plague in Vera Cruz …………•. 939 Christian's Message, A……………….. 690 Budapest Mission to Jews. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 72 Christmas Gifts for Lepers, J. C. Koenig.. 909 Buddhism Grows in U. S………………• 154 – Gift International. …………………. 1107 BULGARIA, Protestant Missions in…….. 71 Chvrch a Safeguard, A …••…•…••.•…• 654 Bulgarian Pastors Meet. ……………… 1020 – Extension Project ………………… 293 Bululand Men of Science in …………•… 150 – Informing and F,nlisting the (b) Abram Business and Editorial Chat IV (Jan) IV (Feb), VI (Apr) . . . . . . . . . . . . 575, 663, 948 E. Cory ……………………….• 218 – of Tomorrow, Training (a) William A. – Women and Missions (b) Mrs. F. H. Clamp …………………………. 723 Brown ………………………… 537 – Women and the Church …..••.•..••.••• 725 – Union in India (b) ……………….. 755 – Women). Mission Stndy for ……….•… 724 Churches and the Coal Strike………….. 309 Burmese l:i-DVernment and Missions……… 236 Community Church, A Successful. ……… 1107 Community Church, Non·denominational (b) 53 CANADA'S Interchurch Council. .•…..•. 674 – Hut, Powers, Oregon (b) Coe Hayne .•.. 708 Canton Christian College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 – Picnic Supper, A (b) ..•..••….•…..••• 223 – Work of (a) Mahlon H. Day …..•…… 791 Conference, An Epoch·Making (b)…….. 81 Canton, Civic Evangelism in ..••..•……. 237 – in Switzerland, Missionary (b) …•…..• 855 – New Ideals in…………………….. 928 – Presbyterians in ………………….. 728 CairoT. The Purity Movement in (a) Arthur Congregational Conncil ………………. 832 Upson ……………..•..•…•… 29 Constantinople College for Women (b) E. A. – University Opened, New (b) .•………. 951 Thompson ………………………. 1074 Capetown, Training Center at. …………. 932 Constantinople During the War ….. '.' . . . .. 72 Centenary, The Methodist (b) S. Earl Tay· Coolie in Fiji, The Indian (a) J. W. Burton 276 lor ……………………•………. 215 Cooperation, The Need for Missionary (a) CENTRAL AMERICA, Indians of (a) Paul Bnrgess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 679 S. Earl Taylor …………………• 171 Copenhagen, Christian Center in ..•…….• 832 CEYLON, Salvation Army in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 927 Copts Study Islam …………………… 734 Challenge of the World's Need (a) Howard Czecho·Slovak Preachers Wanted ………• 933 CZECHO-SLOVAKIA, Salvation Army in.. 71 Agnew Johnston ………………… 15 Day of Prayer for Missions……………. 61 Changing Apprehension of Christ (a)…… 87 Deaf, School for in Chefao (b) …………. 536 Chicago, Christian Daily for……………. 933 DEATHS- Child Mortality in Egypt. ..•………….. 1116 – Alexander, Charles M ………………. 1028 Children, Saving the ………………….. 923 – Bliss, Dr. Howard S. of Beirut. ……••• 567 CHILE, Child Mortality in……………. 70 – Fisher, Geor!!:e S…….. : …………. , 567 – Brooks, Dr. Jesse, of ChIcago ………. 941 – Heavenly Mansions for Sale ………•.. 836 – Camphor, Bishor of Liberia ………… 156 – Striving Against Odds ……………… 731 – Collins Mary 0 Dakota ……………. 740 – Corbett, Dr. Hunter, of China ……….. 156 CHINA, Awakeninl!: of the Church of (a) – Ewing; Mrs. Arthur H., of India .••••..• 567 F. W. S. O'NeIll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727 -Foster, Arnold, of China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 – A Prison Transformed ……………… 141 – Bible Union in China …….. , ………. 1058 – Blinded for Attending Church …………. 825 – Canton Christian College (a) Mahlon H. Day ………….•..•…….••…..•. 791 – Challenge to Christians •.••….•••••••. 1023 – Christian Hotel for Business Men .•••••• 304 DEATHS- Foulke, William, of New York. 740 Finnish Mission Among Orambos …….••• 733 – Harrington, Dr, C. K., of Japan …….• 740 Foreign-Speaking Pastors, To Train ….••.. 1107 – Heminger, Rev. L. D., of Africa …….. 941 Friends in Conference ………………… 1110 – Herrick, Mrs. G. F., of Turkey. . . . . . . . .. 398 Forces for Life and Death in Russia (b) …• 953 – Herring, Hubert C…………………. 940 Forder, Archibald …………………… 148 – Holliday, Margaret Y., of Persia …….. 567 Foreigner's Apology, The, T. A. Daly …… 987 – Hoskins, Dr. Franklin E., of Syria ….. . Foreigners in New York, Unevangelized … 833 -Hume, Mrs. E. S., of India ………….. 1028 Fortieth Anniversary, A (a) Coughlin Keeler 526 -Jessup, F. N., of Persia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 French, Protestant Missions and the ……. 235 -Jones, U. S. G., of India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567 – Protestant Mission to Basutos ………. 150 – Loomis, Henry, of Japan ………..•…• 654 – Protestants Meet at Lyons ………….. 308 – save Christian Syrians ……………… 827 Loomis, Mrs. Henry, of Japan ……•.•.• 654 Friends in France, American ………….. 558 – Macalister, Dr. George of India …….•.. 1119 Fritchley, E. W. of India ……………… 146 – Neve, Arthur, of Kashmir ………•…• 156 Frontier, My Brother on the (a) Coe Hayne 974 – Nicolay, Baron, of Russia………….. 79 Games for Sunday Afternoon ………•..•• 816 – Ogilvie, C. L., of China ………….••• 156 Gedik Pasha School, The Year at. ……… 307 -Pettee, Dr. Jas. H. of Japan …….•…. 316 Generation, Vork for the Coming (b) ….. 326 – Raynolds, Dr. George C. of Turkey …… 316 Geneva, Conferences in …………… 644, 1019 – Reimert, Rev. Wm., of China.; ……… 740 Germany, Religious Training in . . . . . . . . . . . . 1111 – Scott, Dr. J. McP. of Toronto ……….. 316 German Missions in India…………….. 73 – Shepard, Mrs. F. D., of Aintab …….. 740 – Missions, Lutheran Council and …..•.. 156 – Stuck, Archdeacon, of Alaska ………… 1028 – Missions Return, When May………… 653 – Therrien, Dr. A., of Canada …………. . – Plea for German Missions (a)………. 132 – Van Santvoord, Anna T……………. 90 Ginling, Community Service at ……….. 563 Debate, A Moslem·Christian (a) H. E. Phil· Givers, Enlisting and Training (b) David lips ……………………………. 874 McConoughy ……….•………….. 205 Denominational Campaigns, Lessons from (b) 216 Glowing Needles (b) ………………… 289 – Campaigns, Results of, Elsie McCormick God Cares, Do We? A. J. Gordon ………. 973 Gold Coast, Liquor on………………… 78 (b) ……………………………. 213 Des Moines, Student Volunteers (b) ……… 82 Gospel Mission, Belgian (b) Mrs. Ralph C. Disciples Unite in Mission Work ………. 153 Norton ………………………… 43 Dodd, Wm. Clifton, Apostle to the Tai (a) – roday, The World and the (b) Viscount Paul M. Hinkhouse . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Bryce ., ……………………….. 761 Dream, A, Elsie Singmaster ..•………… 1002 Drift or Steer, Shall We (b) …………… 957 Gossner Mission, The………………… 303 Drunkenness in the Sudan……………… 732 Group Organization, Suggestions for…….. 57 Dry Forces Unite ……….•………… 392 GUATEMALA, Bible Correspondence in ..• 643 Eastern Churches, Proposed Union of. ….. 496 – Missionary Obligation in ……………. 557 ECUADOR, Garden Republic of S. A. (a) – Opportunity in (b) ………………… 756 – Stirrings in …….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 492 W. H. Rainey …………………… 47 Guatemala, Prison Church in ………….. 1110 Eddy Meetings in Egypt. …………•…. 1021 Hangchow, Christian Clubs in …………. 1115 – Meetings, Problems Revealed by …….. 145 HAITI, The -United States in …………. 959 Education and Local Parish, Missionary (b) HAWAII, Cent~nnial and Jubilee in (a) Jno. Clark Archer……………….. 56 Belle M. Brain .•…………….•…. 507 – in America (b) James E. Clark ……… 198 – Present Conditions in (a) George L. – in America, Christian………………. 325 – Necessity for Christian (a) Norman E. Cady ………………………….. 684 Heart of the Missionary Message (a) Samuel Richardson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 337 – Survey, A)t1erican Religious (b) Walter M. Zwemer …………………….. 624 Heathen Languages, Poverty of. ………• 315 S. Athearn ………………..•….. 195 Hebrew Christian Alliance…………. 65, 934 EGYPT, Cooperation in ………………. 734 – The New Outlook in ……………….. 1049 – Christians in Conference (b) John L. – Medical Missions in ……………….• 149 – Presbyterian Mission in……………. 645 Zacker …………………………. 721 – Religious Fanaticism in …………….. 1021 Hindu Conversions, Report of ……..•.•… 1.022 – Sunday Rest in ….•……………….. 645 – Festivals and Christian Practice …….. 648 Egypt, Child Mortality in …………….. 1116 – Missionary Organization …………… 74 Egyptian Church Paper ……………•.. 393 Hinduism vs. Cbristianity……………… 647 – Life Unified ……………………… 78 HOLLAND Missions Threatened ………. 234 – Women and Progress ………………. 733 Holy Land, Among the Jews in the (a) S. B. Elevating the Women of Africa (b) W. C. Rohold ……………….•………. 517 Johnston ………………………•. 530 – Religious Outlook for the……………. 672 Ellis Island, Immigrants at. …………… 1108 Home Mission Evangelism ……………. 1016 Enabling Act, The…………………… 643 – Missions Council and Interchurch Surveys 934 ENGLAND, Planning for a Better (b)….. 1 – Missions, Forward Steps in (b) …….. 163 – Temperance Education in ……………. 150 – Surveying the Field at (a) Ralph E. Dif- English Church Laws ……………….. 643 Equipment That Increases Missionary Ef- fendorfer ……………………….. 190 ficiency (a) ……………….•…. _. 891 Homes, American Hospitals and (a) Frank Eternity Longer Than Time ………….. 60 C. English …………………….• 20 Ethnological Course for Missionaries …….. 1109 EUROPE Sill in Bondage ……………. 669 Honolulu, Interracial Y. M. C. A ……..•• 839 – Sunday Schools in (b) Henry N. Philcox 377 Hospital, New Soochow ……………… 928 Evangelism in India, Problems of (a) H. A. – Visitation, Efficiency Through Coopera- Popley …….. . ……………….. 543 tion …………..•…..••……….• 219 – in Japan, Country ………………..• 144 Hospitals, Adopting .••………………• 315 Evangelism and Industry Combined …….. 1118 – and Homes, American (b) Frank C. Eng- Exhibit, World Missionary, Mrs. C. N. Me- lish ……………………………• 201 Hose (b) ……………….•…….. 55 Hussite Society, The …………………. 392 Hymn for Japan, New ……………….. 1115 Faith, A Fellowship of (b) ……………. 857 ICELAND. Christian Associations in ….•. 559 Farm Methods, To Study American…….. 308 If I Had Eaten My Morsel Alone (Poem).. 522 Federated Church in Massachusetts…….. 834 Immigrants at Ellis Island ………….•..1107 Federation, Practical ………………… 231 Immigration, Change in ……………….. 310 Fellowship of Faith, A (b) …………..• 857 Feng, General, (a) Jonathan Goforth…… 282 "Inasmuch" Mission, Philadelphia…..•.•.. 1108 Fields, Surveying the Foreign (a) F. P. INDIA, A New (a) Herbert Anderson …… 253 – A powerful AppeaL ………………… 1022 Haggard ……………………….. 185 – Boiling Caldron in (b) …………….. 753 First Baptism in Kuweit (a) E. E. Cal- – Bombay School for the Blind …•…•..•• 650 – Breaking Fetters of Tradition ..••..••.• 648 verly ………………… " ……… 1075 – Challenge to God in ……………….. 735 FIJI, The Indian Coolie in (a) J. W. Bur- – Christian Banks for Farmers ………..• 925 – Christian-Mohammedan Debate ..•.••.•.• 826 ton …..•…………………..••••• 276 – Christianity at a Fair in ……………. 236 Filipino Pagan Becomes Soul Winner •••••• 155 – Church Union in (b) ………………. 755 – Woman, The ………………… . … 840 – Commission on Village Education .•.•..•• 145 INl?IA, Evidenc~ of Progress in (b)…… 8 – Woman's Evangelistic School. …..•.•• 738 – Gossner MIssIOn…………………… 303 – ,Vork for Women in ……………… 76 -'Government by Compromise ………… 648 – J ncident of South ………………… 147 – W orki'i!; Out Her Problems (a) George — Ludhiana Medical College………….. 303 W. ulton. . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . • . . . . . . .• 125 – Madura Hospital Dedicated …………. 649 — Medical Work at Okara ……………. 236 ] apan, Conference of Federated Missions …. 1115 – Missionaries Needed in Behar ………… 649 Japan, International Friendship Promoted .. 1116 – National Church for (b) ……………. 241 Japan, New Hymn for ……………….. 1115 – New Leper Asylum ……………….. 394 Japanese in California ……………….•. lO55 – Objections to Church Union in ………. 493 Japanese Aborigines …………………. 930 – Problems of Evangelism in (a) H. A. Pop- – Censorship …………. " ..•.•.•. " ••• 759 ley ……………………………. 543 – Changing Sentiment Among…………. 929 – Progress of Union in South ……….. 736 – Children, A Christian Training for (a) – Sadhu Jacob in North ……………… 925 – Salvation Army in …………………. 825 H. E. Coleman ……………•.••…. 789 – Scriptures at Work in……………… 826 — Christian Laymen …… . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 144 – Secret Christians in Travancore ………. 736 – Church in Oakland ………………… 730 – Social Work for Factory Employees ….. 146 – Missionary in China ……………..••. 238 – Society of Religious Patriotism………. 647 – Press on 1fissions…………………. 238 – Sunday School Union ……………… 562 – Reforms, Reported …. . . . . . . . . . . . . • • .. 305 – Sunday School Work in (b) Richard – Student Organization ………..•.•…• 730 ~ View of Korea …………………… 77 Burgess ………………………… 369 JAVA, Missions in ………………….. 313 – TelJgu Mission Conference …………. 303 Jerry McAuley Mission, Changes in …….. 393 Jerusalem, Cosmopolitan ………….•…. 1112 – 'V – "Untouchables" in Madras ………….. 735 Jerusalem, Scottish Memorial in ………•.. 149 omen of Travancore …………….. 1022 Jewish Missionaries for the Orient. ……… 644 India, Madura Church Council. ………… 1113 – Problem in America …….. . . . . . . . . .. 833 India Scales Decide against Heathern Rite .. 1113 Jews, Bene Israel Community………..••. 11I4 -Work.in South (b) ………………… 551 Jews in Paris ……………………….. 1I10 Indian Characteristics ……………….. 734 Jewry, Work for Tunisian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 – Christian's Generosity ……………. 1022 Jews and Christians Confer ………..•….. 730 – Conference, Echoes of Wichita, Mrs. Jno. — Attempt to Reorganize .•………….. 142 – Budapest Mission to………………. 72 S. Allen ……………………….. 64 – Convincing the (b) Henry L. Hellyer …. 297 – Girls' Response to Education ……….. 735 — Edinburgh Mission to …………….. 831 – Institute, Work of Roe, Lee McCrae (b) 995 – in the Holy Land, Among the (a) S. B. – on New Trail …………………….. 684 – Soul of the, Hugh L. Burleson (a) ……. 804 Rohold ………………………… 517 Indians Accustomed to Tithing ………… 1023 – Palestine and the………………….. 306 – as Missionaries (American)…………. 311 Judson College, Rangoon……….. . . . . .. 827 – Medical Work for …………………. 730 Jungle, Soul Winning in the ………..•.. 553 – Neglected Navajo ………………… 955 Kaffir Evangelist, Blind………………. 830 – (N. A.), New Academy for ………… 557 Kamerun, Faithfulness in ……..•…….. 553 – of Central America (a) Paul Burgess…. 679 Kanamori and his Sermon (a) S. H. Wain- – of Latin America (a) Geo. M. McBride right ………………………….. 587 961, 1064 Kennedy School of Missions (b) Edw. W.

– Religious Education for the American …. 312 Capen …………………………. 702 – The Uplift of the ………………… 1017 Kermanshah, Among the Kurds of (a) Indians of 'the S. A., Lowland (a) Geo. M. Blanche W. Stead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 997 McBride ……………………….. 1064 Kingdom Recruiting, A Sermon (a) Paul Indian Training at Phoenix ……………. 1109 India's Women, Prayer of……………. 926 Rader ….. " …………………… 712 Knowledge of God, The (b) Sam'l M. Zwe- Industrial Experiment Result from ……… 141 Interchurch Rudget, Revised ………….. 248 mer …………………………..• 28 – Epoch Making. Conference……….. … 81 KOREA, Dynamics in ……………….. 930 – Executive Committee Enlarged ………. 309 – Extension Sunday Schools ………….• 306 – Movement, Growth of (b) John R. Mott 177 – Forward Movement in……………… 667 – Movement, Pastors' Conferences…….. 247 -Japanese View of. …………………. 77 – Organization, The (b) ……………… 179 – Missionary Outlook in (a) James M. Gale 1I7 – State Conferences …………………. 67 – Paik Early Spring Tells His Story (a) .. 773 – Surveys, Home Missions Council and .. 934 – Parable of Seed Illustrated …………•. 143 – to Reorganize (b) ……………….. 672 – Politics and Religion in…………….. 860 – World Movement, The (b) …….. 168, 1050 – Promises in ……………………… 566 – World Movement Epoch Making Confer- – Situation in ……………………… 86 – Sunday School Plans in …•………… 930 ence (b) ………………… " . . . .. ·81 . – Teaching the Bible in (b) ………….. 541 – Vorld Movement, Some Conclusions (b) 580 Korea, Bible Class Pyeng yang…..•..•.. 1I16 – World Movement-Some Facts (b) …… 577 Korea, Shintoism Promoted ………..•…. 1I16 Institutional Church in Mexico …..•…… 1109 Korean Christians in Adversity (a) S. A. International Missionary Union ………… 729 IRELAND, The Bible in ……………… 831 Moffett ………… . • . . . . . • . . . . . • . . .• 811 Irish Evangelization ·Society ………….. 151 – Church in Chicago ……………..••… 557 Italian Leaders in Conference. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 833 – Foreign Missions ……………..•.•.. 566 ITALY, Historical Study as a Weapon …… 831 – Missionary Society .. . . . . . . . . • • .. . • . . . . 77 – No Sunday Papers for …..•………. 235 – Schools, Bible in ……………….•.•• , 739 – The Gospel in ………….•………. 559 Koreans, Industrial Help for ……….•..•• 144 Jackson Memorial, John……………… 77 Korea's Struggle for Freedom (b) .•..•.•.• 665 JAPAN, Baron Urges Golden Rule …….. 651 Kurdish Boy in Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1113 – Christian Community at Pompira ……. 144 Kurds of Kermanshah, Among the (a) – Christian Schools Crowded in ……….. 929 – Country Evangelism ………………. 144 ;Bl';lnche Wilson Stead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 997 – Cooperative Christian Effort in………. 238 -M,sslOn to …………………..•….. 924 – Federated Missions in……………… 565 Labor Churches, Non-Christian (b) ….•.•.. 758 – Impressions of an American in ………. 145 Labors of Welsh Baptist Missionaries (a) – Intolerant Nationalism ……………. 238 – Kindergarten fC'r Deaf……………… 824 F. Furniston …………………….. 1085 – New Life Discussions ……. " ………. 824 LATIN AMERICA, Indians of (a) Geo. M. – Newspaper Evangelism in …•……….. 929 – Recommendations for Missions in (b) …• 251 McBride …………………… 951, 1064 – Results from Factory Meetings………. 824 Latin America Prohibition Progress in (a) – Social Program for……………….. 305 – Sunday School and the Future of (b) H. Juan O. Gonzalez ……………….. 1069 – Missionary Coperation in (b) ………… 323 E. Coleman ……. " ……………. 359 – Progressive Program for (b) March…… 165 – Woman's Christian College (a) A. K. – Sunday Schools in (b) Sam'l D. Price …. 362 Laymen at Pittsburg, The . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • 231 Reischauer ……•.••….•••……..•• 786 Leadership, The World's Need for (b)…… II Leper Asylum, A New……………….. 394 – Baptisms .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . •• . . . . • . . .. 649 – Colony in the World, Largest (a) Wm.

M. Danner .•.•…… . . . • . . • . . • • . • . .• 601

Conference, Findings of. ………. 1028 Mormonism Gains

Lel'.ers Count T1ei.r Blessings . • • . . . . . . . . . . . 1023 Morning Star Mission………………… 936 – Support a MIssIonary ……………•.•• 930 MOROCCO, Power of God's Word in ..••.• 884 – Task of the Mission to .•…………•.• 315 -The New (b) …………………. ; …. 491 – Vests for ………..•…………….•. 306 Moros, Union Conference Among …..•.•.• 1027 – Village' for ………………………. 148 Moslem Children, Better Pictures for …..• 828 Leprosy, NeW' Interest in ………….•…. 566 Moslem World, Gods Will for (a) S. M. – New Treatment for ……………….•• 827 Lighthouses, Literature for ……..•……,; 830 Zwemer ……..•……………….• 1089 Linking the School to the Missionary (b) – Christian Debate, A (a) H. E. Phillips .• 875 – Lands, Saving the Children of, (a) Ste. Samuel D. Price…………………. 547 Liquor on Gold Coast………………… 78 phen Van Rensselaer Trowbridge …… 353 – Traffic Discredited in India ………..•.. 925 Moslems Evangelizing Each Other……… 646 Lithuanian Methodist Church .•………… 1016 Liu Chiu-the Floating Dragon (a) C. K. m – Central Arabia, Fanatical (a) Paul Harri.

Harrington ………•……….•••…• 763 Miill~~nMi~~i';';~' ::::: :::::: :::::::::::: ::: L. M. S. House, New .•………•.•……. 308 Lovedale Institute, Outbreak (b) …….•.. 760 – Orphanage, George………………… 151 Ludhiana Medical College …………….. 303 My Brother in Overalls (a) Coe Hayne …. 1078 Lunlberjack, A Kamoo ….•…………… 395 My Frien~s-an Introduction (b) Alice W. – and the Church ……. ;…………… 68 Lutherans Appeal for Missionaries …••.•.. 1107 S. BTlmson ……………•.•…….•.. 1012 Lutheran Church Growth …………….•. 933 Trust (Poem) A. B. Simpson . . . . . • . . . . . . . . 271 – Council and German Missions …..•.•.•.. 156 Nanking Sends Out Missionary …•..•….•. 304 – Foreign Missions •……..•………… 556 Natives, Cooperation for Benefit of. ……. 654 Lutherans in India…………………… 236 Navajo Indians, Neglected …………….. 955 MADAGASCAR, After a Century in (b)' Navy, Religious Work for Army and (b)… 12 Near East, Committee of Cooperation in …. 645 James Sibree …………………•…. 617 Necessity for Christian Education, The (a) – Centenary in ……………………… 555 – Man of Faith in ………….•.•…..•. ~~4 Norman E. Richardson ………..•…. 337 Madura Church Council. ……………… 1113 Needs for American Indians, Urgent (a) G. MALAYSIA, Melting Pot of Asia………. 927 Maltese, Apostle to the………………. 559 E. E. Lindquist ………………….. 989 MANCHURIA, Mission Hospital in …..••• 143 Neglected Fields ……………. .. .. . …. 728 Maoris of New Zealand (b) Eugene Stock .. 691 Negro Betterment, Program for …….••••• 247 Marsovan, Work Resumed at ……•.•…. 394 Materialism vs. Spirituality ………….•.. 1015 – Churches and the Interchurch ……… '" 232 Medical Coeducation of Chinese Women …• 395 – Education for Southern……………… 68 – Missionaries, Stories from ………….. 289 – Helps to Improve Schools…………… 642 – Missionary as a Pioneer, The (b) W. S. – in Business, The ………………….. 1016 – Ministers StUdy. Problems ..•••.••..•..•. 936 Lehman ……………………•…… 621 . – Needs, What the…………………… 68 – Missions, Centenary of. ……….•…… 135 Negroes Qall for Black Nation …………• 936 – Missions in Egypt …….•…………. 149 Nestorian Convention in America …..••…. 729 Medicine, The Gospel by Way of. ..•……. 147 New America (Poem) J. Montgomery WiI· Methods for ForeIgners Tested (See Best) 295 Mexican Border, On the ………••…….. 835 son …………….•.•……•••…•.. 597 – Revolution and Missions (b) G. B. Win· – Era Receipts ……………….•…… 641 -Hebridean Ancestor Worship ….•.•….• 640 ton ……………….••……•…… 693 – Hebrides, Fate of. ………………… 313 – to Think American, Help the …..•…… 312 – The Old and the (b) ………………. 249 Mexicans Invade United State•…•…•…. 1017 – Zealand, Maoris of (b) Eugene Stock …• 691 Mexico City Association Work …•…..•… 152 -.! Zealand, Preachers Needed in ………… 640 New Guinea, Evangelism and Industry Com· MEXICO, Condition. in (b) .••…•…•…• 245 – Medical School for………………… 233 bined ………………………….. 1118 – Miracles in …………………..•.•.• 731 Newspaper Evangelism ….••….•..•.• 397, 929 – News from Western ………………… 232 – Evangelism in So. Amer…………….. 69 -New Hope for …………………..•• 862 Nias Island. Revival on ……………… 398 – Politics and Missions in (b) ………… '. 5 Niger Mission, Harvest Festivals . . . . . . . . . . 1117 – Student Preaching Centres ………….. 1018 Nigeria, Gospel in Tangale……………•• 931 – Suffers froni Volcano………………. 152 Nigeria, Mission,!r, Sl?irit in ………….. 1117 – Training Evangelists in…………….. 835 – Moslem FaVOrItism In ••••••••••••••••••• 732 – Union Church in ………………….. 835 – SUl;l'ar Industri' in …………………. 733 Mexico, Institutional Church in ……..•.. 1109 NigerIan Pastors Association ………….. 1117 Methodist Orphanage in Italy .•..•…….. 1111 NORTH AMERICAN, Academy for In· Methodist Union, Plan for ……………. 248 MICRONESIA, Dr. Pedley in …..••.•.•• 739 dians ………•…………………• 557 Migrant Groups, Lila Bell Acheson…….. 821 NORWAY Becomes Dry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 832 – Workers (a) M. Katharine Bennett. ….• 820 Norwegian Clergymen Form League…..•.. 559 – Workers, Neglected ………………. 556 Nothing to You, Is It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 Ministerial Support, American (b) Joseph B. Old ana the New, The (b) ……………. 249 Only Through Me (Poem) John Oxenham .• 131 Hingeley ……………. ;………… 200 Opium Bonfire, Another .•………….••• 304 Mission Policies, New Foreign (b) …•…. 162 – Fight Wanes …………………….. 650 Missionaries Needed, Kind of (b) .•…….. 584 Opposing Forces in China (b) .••…•••.••.1088 Missionary Idea, Growth of the (b) Geo. F. Organic Church Union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392 Orient, Travelers in the …. ; …•……••• 585 Herrick ………….. : .•……••….. 1061 Oriental and Occidental, Christianity (b) …• 956 Missionary Methods for Sunday Schools…. ')79 Orientals, Christian Music in Favor Among 314 – Outlook in Asia Minor (a) James L. Bal' PacifiSt New Responsibilities in the …….. 1119 Paik 1',arly Spring Tells Hi. Story (a) ….•• 773 ton ……………………………. 2 PALESTINE and the Jews ………. 306, 1047 – Play Times Demonstrated (b) Margaret Panama, Protestants Unite in ………….. 1109 PARAGUAY, A Suggestion for ………… 836 T. Applegarth …………………… 913 – Church Mission ..•••……..•.•••…•• 558 – Training in the Sunday School (a) George – Proposed Work for ………………… 732' Paris, Christian Power House in . . . . . . . . . . . 151 H. Trull …………………..•….. 343 Paris, Jews in ………………………. 1110 Missions in the Home (a) Mrs. E. C. Cronk 813 Pearl Divers in the Persian Gulf (a) D. – The Enlarging Definition of (b) Tyler Dykstra …………..•………….• 675 Dennett …… ,'………………….. 182 Peking, New Christian University at (b)… 85 – Princeton Center in ••………••..••… 141 Mohammedan Challenge in U. S..•..•••••• 154 – Union Church …………..•….•••.•• 650 – Decay •…… ; ……………………• 1020 Pennsylvania Town Record …….•••.•.••• 642 PERSIA, Extending Work in.•..•…••… 562 – Lands, opportunity in (b) Sam'!' M. Zwe· – Situation in North (b) ……………… 952 mer ……………………………. 273 – Still Chaotic .. . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . • . • • . . .. 148 Persian Border of Afghanistan, On the (b) – World, The Changing………………. 8 Mohammedanism in the Congo ….•••••••• 732 DwilLht M. Donaldson …••..•.•.•.•••• 533 – Some Figures on……………….. ; .. 314 – Gulf, Pearl Divers in (a) D. Dykstra …. 675 Money Is, Spent, How Our .•••••.•••.••••• 1027 Mormon Field, To Consider ••••••••••••.•• 835 Personals Missionary IX, XI (Jan) V, VI School of Missions Came About, How a (b) (Feb) ……..•.•••. 316, 660, 746, 847, 943 Fannie Everett Webster…………… 220 PERU, A Call from ………………….. 731 Science as a Christian Ally……………. 563 Church and State in Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1056 SCOTLAND, Local Option in …………. 1019 – Presbyterian Union in ….•••.•..•.••… 728 PHILIPPINES Decide for Prohibition ..••. 155 Scott, Thomas J. of India (b) ………….. 722 – Prohibiton in the ………………….. 839 Scottish Memorial in Jerusalem………… 149 -Successful Work in ……………….. 739 Scudder Memorial Hospital……………. 395 – Sunday·School Work in the, A. L. Ryan.. 607 Service, A Missionary Program as a Guide – Twenty Years in………………….. 739 – White Cross Band in ………………. 930 to, Mrs. John Ferguson…………… 1011 PhiliFpines, Plan to Unite Protestant – Men Unite for Church Work ….•……. 309 – Plans for Enlisting Life (b) J. Cambell Schools ………………………… 1118 Pilgrim Fathers, Tercentenary_of……….. 308 White …………………………. 211 Play Times Demonstrated, Missionary •…. 913 Shanghai, Conference Called to Meet in…. 927 Pohtics and Brotherhood in Egypt . . . . . . . . 1117 – Women's Mission Conference At (b) …• 242 Politics and Missions in Mexico………… 5 Shantung, Student Conference in……….. 74 – and Religion in Korea (b)………….. 860 Shelton Among Bandits of Tibet, Dr. (a) .. 631 – in America, Religion and (b) ………… 669 – Bandits Free Dr. . ………………… 396 Polynesian, A Literary……………….. 930 Shintoism Promoted in Korea …………•. 1116 Porto Rican Judge, A ……………….•• 312 SIAM, Possibilities in………………… 10 PORTO RICO, Christianity in . . . . . . . . . . . . • 642 – Systematic Givi!,g in……. …. .. .. .. …. 563 – Seminary Opens in ………………•.. 152 – Too Large a Fleld ……. ·…………… 736 POSt War Missionary Conference (b) …… 720 – Wm. Clifton Dodd (a) Paul M. Hink· Prayer, A Large Factor in Success (b) Paul house ………………………..•.. 103 Harrison ……………………….. 1059 Siamese Missionary Society …………… 147 Prayer, Women's Missionary Day of …….. 11('; SIBERIA, Christian Work in Eastern (b) Prayer and Converts, Geo. A. Huntley…… 58 – and Mission Finance……………….. 59 E. W. Olson and Jos. Vince . . . . . . . . . . . 718 – and Power, Bishop Lambuth ..•..•.•.•.. 874 – Preaching in …………………….. 309 – in India, Answered •….•……..•…..• 726 SICILY, Reform Movement in . . . . . . . . . . . . . 933 – of the Apostle Paul. ……………….. 874 – Revival in …………………….•••. 728 Princeton Center in Peking……………. 141 Sikh, Christian L,oyalty of…………….. 826 Principles of War Applied to Mission……. 34 Silk Industry, Missionary_)n China Touches 142 Program as Guide to Service, Missionary Simpson, Dr. A. B. (a) W. M. Turnbull …. 267 Singapore, Fighting Social Evils in …….• 927 (b) Mrs. John Ferguson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1011 – Mission Schools in…………………. 395 – Outlines for Missionary Meetings ..•..•.. 919 – Street Preaching in………………… 736 Progress in India, Evidences of……….. 8 Singer Sewing Machine Classes ………••. 928 Prohibition, A Year of ………………… 833 Slavs Leaving America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 833 Smyrna, Training Center in ….•••.••..••• 307 – and the Salvation Army …………….. 1015 Social Creed, A Presbyterian ………•.••. 232 – in the Philippines ……. ,…………… 839 – Program for Japan………………… 305 – Service in Japan …………………… 565 – Students Organize for ……………… 644 – Work for Factory Employees in India .•. 146 Prohibition, Preparing the Way for in SOLOMON ISLANDS, Bible Work in ….. 640 China ………………………….. 1114 Solomon Islands, Living Epistles in …•..• 1118 Prohibition Progress in Latin America (a) – Generosity of. …….•……………… 640 Soul of the Indian, The, Hugh L. Burleson J. O. Gonzadez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1069 "Red Bible," The ……… , ……….•…. 1111 (a) ••..•……••••••••••••••••••••••• 804 Purity League at Inanda ……………… 554 SOUTH AMERICA, Bible Work in ……. 836 – Movement in Cairo (a) Arthur T. Upson 29 – Garden Republic of (a) W. H. Rainey…. 47 Race Relations, Conference on………… 311 —; Neglected ………………….•…… 731 Rader, Story of Paul (b) Autobiography … 709 – Inter·Racial Committees in the ………. 1016 Radicalism and Unrest, Antidote to (b) ….. 497 South Anierica, Lowland, Indians of. (a) – The Gospel Counteracts, …………… 310 Rag Tag Sunday Schools . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . 564 Geo. M. McBride……………….. 1064 Recognition Meeting,_ A …••….•………. 911 South Awakening, The . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Reconstruction in West Africa (a) Edward Soviet Russia, Religious Conditons in (b) Je· A. Ford ………………………… 122 rome Davis ………………..•….. 263 Red Cross, What the American Did…….. 65 SPAIN, Difficulties in San Sebastian . . . . • . . 831 Redemption of Alaska, The (a) S. Hall Spiritual Forces, Releasing The (b) Wm. E.

– S~~~~Nship' ~;,.d' '(~>' if 'M:' P';t~~t::::::: li~ Doughty …………………..•..••• 202 Statistics for U. S., Religious .•…••.•..•• 252 Religion and Politics m America (b) ….•.. 669 Steer? Shall We Drift or (b) ………….. 957 Religious Movement in Soviet Russia (b).. 7 Stewardship and Redemption (a) Edwin M. Relil!:ious Reconstruction in Europe . . . . . . . . 1052 Republic of South America, Garden (a) W. Poteat ……………………•…… 113 – Hint~ Margaret Applegarth …….••…• 550 H. Rainey ……………………….. 47 – of Llfe, The J. Lovell Murray (b) ……. 208 Revivals in China, Religious…………… 859 Stl'dent Associations, Religious Test for (b) 250 Revol,·tion and Missions, Mexican (a) G. B. – Volunteer Movement Broadens ……….. 834 – Volunteer ¥ovement .Changes …..•…• 495 Winton …………………….•…. 693 – Volunteers m Des Momes (b)………. 82 RHODESIA, Vakaonde of ……………. 829 -Volunteers of Constantinople………… 560 Rockefeller Foundation, Health and…….. 66 Students' Conference, First Bohemiall …… 1l1l Roe Indian Institute, Work of (b) Lee Me· Sudan. Drunkenness in the ………•..•… 732 – Opportunity. in the ………•….•….. 1021 Crae ……………………..•.•••.• 995 – Witch Doctors and Missionaries in D. S. Rome, Methodist College in ………..•••.• 932 RUSSIA, Bibles by Weight in ………… 832 Oyler (b) ……………•………•. 523 – Breath of God in Dark (a)………….. 696 Suicides, Advice to………………….. 397 – Call to Prayer for …………………. 311 Sundar Singh, The Christian Sadhu (a) Dela· – Forces for Life and Deatli in (b) ……. 953 van L. Pierson ………………….. 611 – Religious Conditi..ns in Soviet (b) Jerome Sunday School and the Future of Japan (a) Davis ……….•……………..••.. 263 H. E. Coleman ………………….. 359 – Religious Movement in Soviet (b)…….. 7 – Attendance, Decrease in ……………. 391 Russia, Conditions in Kieff ……………. 1112 – Missionary Training in the (a) George H. Russian Refugee Children……………… 559 – War Prisoners, For ………………… 933 Trull …………………………,.. 343 -Women, Message from (b) ………….. 272 – Where the Drum Calls to (a) Jean Mac· Russians, Fund to Aid ……………•'.•.. 1015 Sadhus, Hi1),du and Christian . . . . . . . • . . . . . . 562· kenzie …………………………. 349 Salvation Army in India . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . • 825 – Work in India (b) Richard Burgess ….. 369 -Army, Prohibition and the ………….. 1015 – Work in the Philippines (a) A. L. Ryan 607 Samoans Believe in Prayer……………. 78 – Work, World Wide (a) Frank L. Brown 331 – Decline Self·Government …….•..•…. 1027 Sunday Schools, Extension …..•….•.•…. 306 SANTO DOMINGO ……………….. 823 – in Asia Minor…………………….. 73 – America in ………………………. 863 – in Europe …………..••…•••…•••• 1019 – Mission Problem in (b) ……………. 757 – in Latin America (b) Samuel Q. Price•• 362 Surplus and Shortage………………… 380 – in India, Objections to Church ………. 493 Surveying the Field at Home, R. E. Diffen· – of Eastern Churches, Proposed ………• 497 – Presbyterians Work Toward ……….•• 555 dorfer ………•………………… 190 UNITED STATES in Haiti, The ………. 959 – the Foreign Fields, (a) F. P. Haggard .. 185 Universities, Religion at State ………….. 939 SWEDEN, Mission Interest in ………… 644 University at Peking, New Christian (b)… 85 SWITZERLAND, Missionary Conference in Unoccupied Fields in Central Asia (a) John (b) …………………………….. 855 R. Muir ……………………….. 91 SYRIA, Changing Customs in ………….. 828 URUGUAY, Religious Freedom in . . . . . . . . . 70 Syria, Churches Suffer from Immigration .. 1l12 Syrian Church, Sunday Schools in………. 394 – Temperance in ……………………. 940 Syrian Smuggler, A Converted (b) Geo. C. Vacation Bible School, SuccessfuL……… 934 Doolittle ………………………. 1084 Venezuela's Need …………………… 233 Tabriz, Industrial Work in …………… 925 VERA CRUZ, Bubonic Plague in ……••.. 939 Tai, Wm. Clifton Dodd, Apostle to the (a) 103 Vision, The Christian, McLeod …,………. 637 Te1ugu Mission Conference ……………. 303 Vocational Training at Chengtu ………… lll5 Telugu's Version of Lord's Prayer……… 926 War Applied to Missions, Principles of (b) Temperance Board Program, New……… 68 Sherwood Eddy …………………. 34 – Education in England ……………… 150 – Cost of the ………………………. 14 – iri Great Britain…………………… 558 – Loss of French and Belgian Protestants .. 558 Tennessee, The Churches in…………… 834 Waldensian Patriots, Memorial for ………. 932 Things our Missionaries Need (a)………. 891 – Seminary Re-opens ………….. . . . . .. 309 TIBET, Dr. Shelton Among Bandits of (a) 631 Vashington Conference ………………. 298 – Medical Work at Gateway to ……….. 926 Welsh Baptist Missionaries, Labors of (a) Timothy Stand-by on Sunday Schools in F. Furniston ……………………. 1085 Ameriky (a) Joseph Clark …………. 372 Vitch Doctors and Missionaries in the Tithing Methods ……………………. 59 TOGO LAND Mandate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 Sudan (b) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 523 Tokyo Convention, Fire at the ………… 1025 Woman's Christian College Tokyo (a) A. K. – Convention, Plans for (b)………….. 327 Tokyo, World Sunday School Convention .. 1053 Reischauer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 786 Tragedy-And the Grace of God, A (a) Caro- – Home Mission Bulletin, Florence E. Quin- line Macdonald ………….. . . . . . . .. 499 lan ………….. 61,226,386,636,820 lOll Training the Church of Tomorrow (b) Wm. – Foreign Mission Bulletin, Mrs. Wm. H. A. Brown ………………………. 537 Farmer …….. 137, 298 549, 723, 919, 1103 TRANSVAAL, Mission Growth in ……… 733 Trindad, Boys' Reformatory in ………… 1110 Women and the Interchurch (a)………. 137 TUNISIA, Religion in (b) A. V. Liley …. 705 Tunisian Jewry, Work for …………….. 149 -in Japan, Work for ………………… 76 TURKEY, American Farm Methods …….. 308 – of Africa, Elevating the (a) Mrs. W. C. – American Mission Schools ………….. 734 – Bible Distribution in……………….. 560 Johnston ……………………….. 530 – Christian Endeavor in……………… 646 romen's Mission Conference in Shanghai – Gedik Pasha School ………………. 307 – in Turmoil (b) ……………………. 321 (b) ……………………………. 242 – Language School in Scutari…………. 924 Woodsmen, Working Among the (a) …… 978 – Loses Dardanelles …………………. 307 – Reconstruction Delayed in………….. 923 World and the Gospel Today, The (b) Vis- Turkish Atrocities and Christian Forbearance count Bryce …………………….. 761 (b) •…•…..•……….••…..•..•.• 244 World's Need, The Challenge of the (a) – Ideas of God (a) George E. White…… 885 Howard Agnew Johnston ……… ·. ….. 15 – Protestant Church, First……………. 646 Turks Turning Toward Christianity……. 560 World S. S. Convention in Tokyo ……… 1053 UGANDA, New Cathedral at. …………. 398 Y. M. C. A. Abroad …………………. 155 Universal Week of Prayer …………….. ll 07 – Activities Transferr~d ……………… 68 Unchurched Protestant Americans Reside, – in China .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 737 – New Outlook for (b)……………… 3 Where 58 Millions (b) …………… 175 – War Funds ………………………. 555 Union, Efforts to Promote Church …….. 166 Y. W. C. A. for Chinatown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557 Y. W. C. A. Training SchooL …………. lll3 YUCATAN, Institutional Work in . . . . . . . . . . 153 Yunnan, Christian Tribesmen in ………… 929 Zambesi Industrial Mission …………••.. 829 Zionism, Opposition to ……………….. 646 Zionist Plans Delayed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Zionists, Conference of. …………….•.. 1020 NEW BOOKS, Africa, Slave or Free. John H. Harris…… 568 T. Applegarth …………………… 1036 Armenia and the Armenians. Kevork Asian 659 Life of General William Booth. Harold Beg- Bible and Missions, The. Helen Barrett bie ……………………………. 744 Montgomery ……………………. 1034 Madagascar, A Century of Adventures. Rob- Call of the South, The. V. 1. Masters….. 846 China of the Chinese. E. T. C. Werner … 741 ert Griffith ……………………… 656 – Mission Year Book …………………. 741 Mexicans and Spanish Americans in U. S. A. Chinese Heart Throbs. Jennie V. Hughes .. 1031 Christian Movement in the Japanese Em~ J. S. Stowell …………………… 1038 Missionary Outlook in the Light of the pire. Edwin Taylor Iglehart……….. 80 Christianizing Christendom. S. L. Morris.. 80 War …………. ; ………………. 742 Conscripts of Conscience. C. A. Mason… 157 Foreign Missions Conference Report…….. 845 Negro: An American Asset, The. S. J'. Foreign Missions Year Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571 Foundations of Mormonism, Thl!. W. E. Fisher ……………………….•.• 845 New Social Order, Harry F. Ward ……….. 743 La Rue .•………………………. 83 Pioneer of New Guinea, A. Edgar Rogers .. 1037 Plans for Sunday School Evangelism. Frank Frank Higgins, Trail Blazer. Thomas D. Whittles ……. " ……………….. 1030 L. Brown ………………………. 568 Rebirth of Korea. Hugh Heung-wo Cynn .. 844 Garo Jungle Book. Wm. Carey and others .. 841 Sadhu Sundar Singh. Mrs. Arthur Parker 743 Gospel and the New World, The. R. E. School of Mother's Knee. Margaret Apple- Speer ………………………….. 84 garth ………………………….. 656 Home Missions Council Report………… 572 Social and Religious Life of Italians in Hudson Taylor, Marshall Broomhall …….. 656 America. E. C. Sartorio………….. 846 Influence of Animism on Islam. S. M. Social Gospel and the New Era. J. M. Zwemer …•……………………. 742 Barber …………………………. 81 Intervention in Mexico. S. G. Inman…… 83 Some Aspects of Chinese Life' and Thought.. 157 Italian Fellow Citizens, Our. F. E. Clark.. 82 Some Aspects of International Christianity. Jewels from the Orient. Lucy S. Bain- John Kelman ……………………. 842 bridge .•…..•….•……………… 1036 Soul of America, The. C. L. Thompson…. 82 Korea's Fight for Freedom. F. A. Mc- Three Hour Sermon. Paul Kanamori. …… 743 Tragedy of Bitlis. Grace H. Knapp. XVIII Kenzie. x April Labrador Doctor, A. W. T. Grenfell…… 80 April. Lamp Lighters Across the Sea. Margaret Truth About China and Japan. B. L. Put- nam Weale. XII April. W"rk and Play in the Grenfell Mission. H.

P. and F. E. Greeley ……•..•….•.•. 655

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1915

A ViEW OF MUSCAT- ONE OF THE D001{S TO

MISSIONA~Y fIRES 1. The worst massacre of Christians that has taken place in the last thou- sand years is now going on in Asiatic Turkey. Who is responsible? The American Government has protested. What next? (See page 841.) 2. There are hundreds of thousands of Indians in South America to whom the message of Christ has never been presented in any form. These constitute an appealing field for missionary effort. (See page 809.) 3. The Christian workers at the Panama-Pacific Exposition are conducting a night-school and using other means to prepare the 1,500 young women employees for work when the Exposition closes. (See page 831.) 4. The Armenians are people whose history goes back 4,000 years. They occupied Asia Minor long before the Turk. Their church dates back to apostolic times. Why are they being exterminated? (See page 845.) :J. Over one hundred Latin-American students were entertained at the sum- mer conferences of the North American Student Movement last June, and many went away with new Christian life-purposes that promise much for their respective countries. (See page 817.) 6. A Christian professor in a government normal college in Japan has been asked to give a course of 30 lectures on Christianity. (See page 851.) 7. Mr. Sherwood Eddy has started for India to conduct student evangelistic meetings in India, similar to those among Chinese students which have been productive of such great results. (See page 808.) 8. A worker in Buenos Aires asked the first twenty men whom he met on the street what they knew of the Bible. They represented six nation- alities, and fifteen of them knew nothing whatever about the Bible, while only three had read any portion of it. (See page 864.) 9. The Protestant Episcopal Church Board of Missions has not only secured its desired Emergency Fund of $375,000 by the "one day's income" plan, but has obtained $20,000 more than the usual gifts on the regular apportionment. (See page 866.) 10. The faith of many of the younger Mormons in their religion and its founder has been shaken by the statement of Egyptologists that certain documents which they had reverenced as the writings of Abraham are among the most common of Egyptian antiquities.

11. The Bible is being used as a text-book in several Chinese government schools, and in India is considered by many British officials the most valuable ally of the Government in carrying out their high aims for the people. (See page 872.) 12. The Buddhist scandals in Japan, involving the misappropriation by the priests of hundreds of thousands of dollars, are leading many thoughtful Japanese to renounce Buddhism and to study and accept Christianity. :Muscat is on the Penian (~111f and is one of the stations of the Arabian 1Iission of th e Ue formed Church in Arabia MI "IIlIII-RY E IE OF THE WORLD Vol. XXXVIII, No. 11 NOVEMBER, 1915 Vol. XXVIII, No. 11 Old Series New Series 111111111111111 111111111111111111111111111 111111 'I~ 11 ,SIGNS·OFvTHEvTIMES mJ~ 11111111111111111111111111111 N CAlLS TO PRAYER In Mexico, tho there is talk of EVER have there been more ur- recognizing General Carranza, there gent and incessant calls to sac- still seems small hope for permanent rificial prayer, service, and giving peace through any of the contending than there are to-day. forces. All of the leaders are in- efficient and self-seeking. The coun- In Europe, Asia, and Africa there try is being desolated, and the outare the millions of struggling, dying look for good government is dark. men giving their lives fan what they It is time to pray that God's solution believe to be the call of duty and hu- of the problem may be discovered and manity-some of them believe they followed. are answering the caIl of God. There are the physicians and nurses caring In China, the hoped-for reforms for the wounded, and the chaplains under the republic have been only and other Christian workers distribu- slightly successful. A new conventing Testaments and booklets to those tion is to be called early next year to in trenches, hospitals, arid prison- decide the question as to whether camps. These are unusual oppor- China' shall or shall not return to .a tunities which are bringing rich re- monarchy. sults in conversions. :There are the appeals from Persia and Turkey for In India there is native unrest, and the intervention of God and for hu- German missions are almost at a man help to relieve the distress of standstilI through the internment of widows, orphans,. and other destitute those in charge of the work. Africa thousands. is, in many parts, a battle ground, when~ the natives see their white The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spiri,t of Christ in th~ pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by contributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITOIlS.

masters engaged in deadly combat. even where the Church, as in Chile Pray also for Africa. and Argentina, is still subsidized in a measure by the State. The mixing of North America is entering on its the Church in politics is increasingly. winter campaigns-commercial, poli- resented. In Uruguay there is practical, religious. The Laymen's Mis- tical separation of Church and State. sionary Movement has recently opened its national campaign in Chi- 3. The distribution of the Bible is increasing in spite of the keen oppocago and is to hold meetings in 75 sition of the Catholic Church lead- ers. Penzotti was imprisoned in Peru centers to arouse the men of the for its sale. When told he would be church to their responsibility in the released if he ceased to sell and world-wide work of Christ. Their preach the Word, he said that his call to prayer is for the guidance and bones would rot first in prison. In power of the Holy Spirit, for the some places in South America, where Mission Boards and their officers, for the opposition was formerly strongthe speakers and other workers, for est, the Catholic Church is now even the delegates and the churches, for a encouraging the sale of the Book. In deepening of spiritual life and a more Brazil Protestant missions are called earnest spirit of prayer at home and Bible churches. In Bolivia, as in abroad. "The neglect of prayer by some places in the interior of Brazil, the church at home means defeat at the Roman Church, and officials unthe front of battle," says Robert E. der its influence, still seriously ham- Speer. per the circulation of Scriptures by Bible Society colporteurs. In 1914 RELIGIOUS ADVANCE IN SOUTH the two Bible Societies circulated 388,807 Scriptures. AMERICA 4. A growing democracy. South AFTER the long night of four hun- America for years has been ruled by an oligarchy, a professional class dred years of misrule and re- which has fattened off. political conligious intolerance and superstition in trol, while the mass of the people South America there is the flush of have suffered. Argentina is leading the dawn of a new day. the way to better things by a law re- quiring all citizens to exercise voting 1. Substantial religious freedom is privileges, and by a large Socialistic nearly continent-wide. While in Peru party which is demanding accounta- Protestant worship can not be ad- bility of office-holders to the people. vertised, services are not disturbed. A Socialist demonstration of 15,000 In the interior towns of some of occurred last March at Buenos Aires. these countries there are still some evidences of opposition and persecu- 5. The upper classes are being tion. In Bolivia, while there is a statutory grant of religious liberty, reached for Christ. Evangelical misthe enforcement of the law is lack- sions began among the poor, and until ing, and Christians suffer boycott and opposition, both open and secret. recently no statesmanlike effort ha5 been made to reach the waiting edu- 2. There is a growing 0IJPosition cated and wealthy class, in which the to union of Church and State in nearly every South American country; this growth of opposition is evident

OF THE

men are indifferent to the dominant Protestant Church, young people are Church. In Chile and Uruguay some meeting for games and social purnotable men have been reached, and poses under wholesome conditions. with better church-buildings and Physical exercise has been recently more educated native preachers, this introduced for the first time at Rio movement will become more pro- de Janeiro by the joint effort of Rev. nounced. The educated men are H. C. Tucker, of the Brazil Sundayawaiting a leader to crystallize this School Union, and the American growing sentiment toward a Protes- Bible Society, and the Y. M. C. A. tant form of worship. In Brazil The new public-school plans at Rio Rev. Alvaro Reis is such a leader. call for gymnasium and playgrounds. In Buenos Aires, during the last 6. New ideals for social service year, the first set of Spaulding apare being developed. The educa- paratus has been introduced for tional aim for boys has been profes- school exercises. sional and political life; for girls, preparation for marriage. Education 8. The literature is being purified. for useful service to the community At the source of much of South and State has been neglected. In Ar- America's impurity will be found a gentina, for the first time, the social vile literature from French and Spanpurposes of education are now being ish sources. This is publicly vended. emphasized by Dr. Nelson, Super- and vilely illustrated and open to intendent of Secondary Education view, and purchased by boys and for the State. His book on this sub- young men in all the South American ject is the first native contribution to cItIes. Quite recently, La N acional, this theme, and is to be followed by at Buenos Aires introduced a cheap others. library in Spanish, composed of best literature from all sources, and this In Mr. Morris's philanthropic is being vigorously pushed into cirschools at Buenos Aires an educa- culation. American publishers are tional example has been set in the aiso circulating reprints in Spanish remarkable results of industrial edu- of choice literature. Such books as cation of the poor and in the spirit Smikys' "Self-Help" are having a of service to the home, community, good sale. and state. Over five thousand are gathered in these schools. Several 9. Christian education is developing sets of clothing are given annually to sympathy. Gradually the results of the children who are too poor to be education through Christian Protesadmitted to the public schools. It is tant institutions is being manifest in clear salvage work of the most im- the conversion of parents, in a new pressive kind. sympathy for Protestant work, and in the gradual preparation of a lead- 7. The new emphasis on social ership. The quality of the native and physical recreation. Spanish so- leadership needs toning, and plans cial standards have practically shut are being pushed with increasing sucout young people from social ac- cess by the Y. M. C. A. to enlist quaintance excepting as chaperoned, young men in the university life. and from physical exercise. Gradu- Such Christian institutions as the ally, through the influence of the

.Anglo-American colleges in Bolivia win a continent.-FR,ANK L. BROWN, are having marked influence through Secretary of the World's Sundaythe high-grade character output of school Association. the graduates. The Mackenzie College at Sao Paulo, Brazil, the Meth- RENEWED INTEREST IN MISSIONS odist Girls' Schools at Rosario, Ar- TO MOSLEMS gentine, and Santiago, Chile, are instances of institutions having a MASSACRES and other efforts to strong influence. As moral educa- blot out the Christian races of tion receives a higher rating in South America, Christian institutions will Persia and Asia Minor have aroused assume positions of leadership. corresponding truly Christian inter- est in the welfare of these peoples 10. Evangelistic preaching meets and in the need for the conversion of with marked success. This is notable Mohammedans to Jesus Christ, the in the Methodist and Presbyterian Savior from sin, and the Prince of work of the West Coast, also in the Peace. A remarkable meeting was mission work in such places as Ro- held in New York on October 1st in sario •in Argentine, and under the the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian preaching of Rev. Alvaro Reis in Church under the auspices of the Rio, Brazil. The Latin temperament American Christian Literature Somakes this a fruitful line of ap- ciety for Moslems (Interdenominaproach, and mass movements may tional). In spite of a downpour of easily result from the Gospel appeal rain that ~ould have dampened the by consecrated men. ardor of most congregations, two thousand people gathered to listen to I I. The Sunday-school opportu- an address by Dr. Samuel M. Zwenity. The welcome given in all the mer of Cairo, on "The Present Crisis native churches in the recent Sunday- in the Moslem World." This masschool tour of South America was terful address, which will appear submarked by large gatherings, a friend- sequently in the REVIEW, set forth ly spirit and an eagerness for help in the need of. Mohammedans for the making the Sunday-school efficient Gospel revealed by Jesus Christ, the as an educational and evangelis- natural products of Islam as seen in tic instrument. Rev. George P. the present massacres, the great pr.es- Howard, born in South America, an ent opportunity of reaching these educated Sunday-school enthusiast millions of Arabic-speaking peoples and a fine Spanish linguist, has been with the truth through the printed appointed the Sunday-school secre- page. The close of the present war tary fot South America by the will almost certainly mean the open- World's Sunday-school Association, ing of the Mohammedan world to to act under a committee of the Mis- Christian influence as never before. sions doing work in South America. This seems to be the last st~uggle of He is preparing himself to lead a a dying religion which appeals to continent-wide Sunday-school move- force of arms and edicts for support ment, to develop a better literature, rather than to the truth of its creed and to utilize the Sunday-school as and the character of its adherents. the most widely effective agency to The Dardanelles have not yet been

OF THE TIMES

forced; and Bulgaria's entrance into west. After the breaking-out of the the affray may delay the final out- war the Armenian revolutionists of come of the struggle. Constantinople Van joined the Russians, and those has not yet fallen. Some of the mis- at the Mediterranean Sea conspired sionaries have thought it best to also against the government. The send away wives and children from consequence of this is slaughter in the scene of turmoil, but the large the north and deportation by force majority of this advance guard of from the southwest and, of course, Christianity remain at their posts to great misery of the innocent. To help render what aid they can to those in this, the mission (the German ,Aid dire distress, and to prove by their Society) is doing its best. The guilt sacrificial lives the reality of the love of the one and the misfortune of the and power of Christ. other <;loes not make, it very easy for oTHE PLIGHT OF THE ARMENIANS the German Mission. And yet it is N another page will be found the her work to be the peacemaker among the nations of the Turkish story of the wholesale massacre government wherever possible. It is and deportation of Armenians by also reported that Germany has pro- order of the Turkish government. tested against the massacres.

Whoever is responsible for this das- The article on another page also tardly deed must expect to pay a tells the main facts about the Ar-'

heavy penalty when God's time of menian people-their long history, reckoning comes. It is said, on good their racial characteristics, and their authority, that when the American religious beliefs. Their church dates Ambassador, Mr. Morgenthau, asked back to apostolic days, and while, the German Ambassador to use his like most of the ancient historic influence to stop the wholesale mur- churches, its early beliefs have be- der, the latter replied: "I can not; come mixed with error and its life these people should have been elimi- has become formal and lax, still this nated long ago." In any. case, it is church has kept alive a belief in God useless to deny the established fact and is sympathetic toward Christ and of the massacres, and Germany must the Bible. It is among them that bear a heavy responsibility for not most of the work of the American intervening to stop such butcheries missions has been carried on for al- by her Moslem ally. most a century.

The German viewpoint is given in It is reported that 800,000, or one- the August number of Sonnenauf- half of the Armenians in Eastern gang (Frankfort, Germany), which Turkey, have been killed, deport- says: "After the constitution of rgo8 ed, kidnapped, or have died as a re- hope arose in the hearts of the Arme- sult of the Turkish cruelty. Those nians. Therefore the slaughter of destroyed and deported include the I909 made the despair the worse. most able and intelligent leaders in Russia incites the Armenians and the Protestant and Gregorian church- Kurds in the province of Van; Eng- es; the pastors and teachers, the land and France arouse hopes lawyers and merchants. Whole mis- among the Armenians of the south- sion-schools and colleges have been

almost or' quite depopulated; churches day extreme urgency that the cam- have been burned and villages laid paign be earnestly pushed to win the '

waste. Some of the Armenians in coming generation to Christ. Dr.

the Van district have escaped to Rus- Samuel M. Zwemer gave a convinc- sia; some 5,000 or more others in ing appeal for the eighty millions of Southern Asia Minor have found Moslem children, who have no mod- refuge in Egypt. Rev. Stephen Van ern schools, no uplifting home train- R. Trowbridge, formerly a mission- ing, no pure literature, and no right ary in Aintab, Turkey, and now a idea of God. Mohammed could not representative of the World's Sun- have said: "Suffer the little ~hildren day··School Association in Cairo, has to come unto me for of such is the appealed for immediate help for these kingdom of Islam," for Mohammed's destitute sufferers. life, his home, his heaven were such It is gratifying that the American as would blight the purity of child- Government, that failed to protest hood.

against the invasion and despolia- It is to reach the millions of neg- tion of Belgium, has protested against lected children in Moslem lands, in this unprovoked and inexcusable India, in Africa, in China, in South murder of innocents. Americans America, and in Japan, that the have sent money for Belgian relief, World's Sunday-school Association for Persian relief, and are now for- is working to-day. Mr. Frank L.

warding funds for the Armenian suf- Brown is the secretary in N ew York ferers. If steps are not taken soon and Rev. Carey Bonner in London.

to end these atrocities there will be no Armenians left to relieve. Tho A CHANGE OF TACTICS IN INDIA many of them may not be Chris- HITHERTO the missionary work tians of an evangelical type, they are, in India has almost necessarily nevertheless, suffering because they are Christians in name and not Mos- been confined largely to the lower lems. castes and outcastes. These people have been more ready to accept WOR,LD.WIDE WORK FOR CHIL· Christianity and have come in such DREN numbers that the time and strength of the missionaries has been over- THE World's Sunday-school As- taxed to instruct them. Now, 11OW- sociation, which includes the ever, more systematic effort is being world in its field and all Protestant made to reach the higher castes and Christian denominations in its mem- educated classes, and from them to bership, is made up of over 24,000 recruit leaders.

Sunday-schools with 27,000,000 pu- Mr. Sherwood Eddy, whose work pils. It was founded in London in among the students and higher I 88g, and has since spread to all classes in China has been so greatly parts of the world. At a dinner in blest, sailed last August for India New York, given by Mr. H. J. to conduct there a series of union Heinz, chairman of the Executive evangelistic services. First, he is Committee, Dr. John R. Matt ex- holding training conferences for pas- prest his conviction that there is to- tors, catechists, teachers, and other

Christian workers in South India. RECRUITS FOR THE FRONT These conferences are in preparation for the effort to win the middle I N spite of the unrest in the world, and upper classes to Christ's standard. The Church has been prepared and the danger of travel on the for this work in a remarkable way, sea; in spite of the financial depresand there is, in India, a great spirit sion that has curtailed the income of of prayer and expectation. All the many Christian givers; in spite of Presbyterian and Reformed churches the uncertainty as to the outcome of in South India are uniting in the the great war, missionaries continue movement. to leave England and America to carry the Gospel to those in non- A second part of Mr. Eddy's pro- Christian lands. gram is to break through the serried ranks of caste in the colleges of In- In London recently, the Church dia. Few of the Brahmins and high- Missionary Society held a farewell caste students have been touched by meeting to bid Godspeed to 148 misthe Christian message. The mass sionaries, 40 of whom were going movements have been wholly among out for the first time. the lower and outcaste classes. But the Gospel of Christ is the power of God A remarkable report of the largest unto Salvation unto every one-in- party of missionaries that ever sailed cluding the Brahmin-that believeth. for their field on one steamer, comes Has not the time come to prove from Mr. Mason Olcott, a Princeton this true? Mr. Eddy is holding honor-man, who recently left his meetings for thousands of these high- home of culture in New York to' caste Hindus who are attending the serve in Veliore, India. Mr. Olcott Christian colleges-and others in the writes of 140 mISSIOnaries who large cities. Only God can achieve sailed from San Francisco on the the desired results-but He can and S.s. Mongolia on August 25th. Of will, in response to believing prayer these, 84 were bound for China, 23 and faithful witnessing. The dates for Japan, 14 for India, 8 for Korea, are as follows: South India, Con- 5 for Siam, I for Burma, and I for ferences-September 16th to 30th; the Philippines. They were going South India, evangelistic campaigns out to engage in many lines of ser- (Bangalore, Vellore, Madura, Pala- vice-Evangelistic, educational, medimacottah)-November 1st to 18th; cal, nursing, executive, orphanages, North India, evangelistic campaigns Y. W. C. A. and Y. M. C. A.-under (Ahmednagar, Delhi, Agra, Luck- r6 different denominations and other now,' Calcutta, and special colleges) religious organizations. The return- -November 22d to December 25th. ing missionaries had already served a total of 739 years. Who can foretell Mr. Eddy expects to arrive back in what sacrifice and joyful service may America on February I, 1916. He be in store for the 80 new missionasks for prayers of Christians at anes. home, as he engages in the work which is the most difficult. he has The difficulty and danger of presever attempted. ent-day travel is indicated by the re- cent experience of a party of 32 mis- sionaries who sailed from America for Egypt and the East on the Greek

steamer Athinai. The vessel took The United States Government fire in mid-ocean and burned fiercely. has submitted the following ten-year A wireless call brought help, and the program to the new Haitian Presipassengers were safely transferred to dent, General Dartiguenave, with the the Tuscania, which brought them request that he sign it promptly: back to New York. Nothing daunted, the missionaries, in spite of the "1. A Haitian receivership of cusloss of their goods, were soon headed toms shall be established, under Ameriagain for their fields of service. can control. ' They were not, like Jonah, fleeing from the Lord's work, but, like the "2. A native Haitian rural and civic apostle Paul, were not to be hin- constabulary is to be established under dered by adversaries and obstacles. the command of American officers.

CHANGES IN HAITI "3. Through its customs-control the United States shall govern absolutely all LIBERTY is not synonymous with expenditure of public moneys to the ex- independence. Small, weak na- tent necessary to prevent speculation and safeguard the interests of the tions that are unable to preserve sta- American people. ble governments or to protect life and property seem destined to come "4. Haiti shall cede no portion of" under the control of stronger na- her territory to any nation other than tions. A friendly power may con- the United States of America. trol a smaller nation to the great advantage of the latter. Already Porto "5. All revolutionary forces are to Rico is reaping the benefits of be disarmed. American 'administration, and Hawaii and the" Philippines are in much Secretary Lansing refers to the armore prosperous and enlightened rangement as a "protectorate," and conditio~ than they would be if self- says: government were attempted. "We have only one purpose-that is, After years of turmoil and pere- to help the Haitian people and prevent nial revolutions in Haiti the Ameri- them from being exploited by irresponcan Government has found it neces- sible revolutionists. These are not propsary to establish, for a time at least, erly revolutions; they are unorganized a protectorate over the "Black Re- enterprises which invoke no question of public" of the West Indies. There principle, and they are ruining the is no doubt that the little republic country. While they are in progress needs the strong hand of a big people are starving in the streets of Port brother to put an end to the internal au "Prince because they call not secure conflicts, the graft, and political tur- the supplies of food which abound in the moil. The small boy may not relish country. Things have been going from the discipline and restraint, but the bad to worse, and something must be friends and neighbors will appre- done. The United States Government ciate it. Mexico would profit by a has no purpose of aggression and is ensimilar arrangement, but is so large tirely disinterested in promoting this that she should be expected to govern protectorate." herself. The only Protestant missions in Haiti are those of the Protestant Episcopal Church and of the colored branches of the Methodists and Bap- tists.

EVENTS

Novemher 2d to 5th-Medical Missionary Conference, Battle Creek, Mich. 3d to 5th, 7th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Wichita, Kan. 3d to 5th, 7th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Baltimore, Md. 7th to lOth-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Philadelphia, Pa. 7th to 10th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Mitchell, S. Dak. 10th to 12th, 14th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Milwaukee, Wis. 10th to 12th, 14th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Portland, Me. 14th to 17th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Boston, Mass. 14th to 17th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Cincinnati, O. 16th-Provincial Synod Protestant Episcopal Church, Richmond, Va. 16th to 19th-Conference in Behalf of Israel, Chicago Hebrew Mission. 21st to 28th-Home Mission Week. 28th to Dec. Ist-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Wheeling, W. Va. 28th to Dec. 1st-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Waterbury, Conn. 29th-The 40th anniversary of the opening of Doshisha, Japan, 1875.

December 1st to 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Manchester, N. H. 1st to 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, St. Louis, Mo. 5th to 8th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Cleveland, O. 5th to 8th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Albany, N. Y. 6th to 11th-Meeting of the Council of Women for Home Miss., Atlanta, Ga. 8th-The 75th anniversary. of the sailing of Livingstone for Africa, 1840. 9th to 12th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Toledo, O. 25th-Tenth anniversary of the National Missionary Society of India, 1905.

January The one hundredth anniversary of the American Bible Society. 2d to 9th-World's Week of Prayer. 12th to 14th-Foreign lIissions Conference, Garden City, L. 1. 17th-Fifteenth anniversary of the death of Elias Riggs of Turkey, 1901. 19th to 21st-23d Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Houston, Tex. 19th to 21st, 23d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Duluth, Minn. 23d to 26th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, New Orleans, La. 23d to 26th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, St. Paul, Minn. 23d to 26th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Minneapolis, Minn. 23d to 26th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Rochester, N. Y. 26th to 28th, 30th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Jackson, Minn. 26th to 28th, 30th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Fargo, N. Dak. 26th to 28th, 30th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Reading, Pa. 29th-Fiftieth anniversary of sailing of James Chalmers for South Seas, 1866. 30th to Feb. 2d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Wilmington, Del.

/I L0 cat ion 0 fin d

Tribes, Bolivia,S.A. -1 df.M Hi ~ ,…

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". E yo ARGENTI N[ A NEGLECTED AREA OF THE NEGLECTED CONTINENT Drawn by Rev. Gerhard J. Schilling, D.D.

HO:fE OF SOME OF THE NEGLECTED AHIARA INDIANS, IN

U nevangelized South America THE CALL OF TEN MILLION NEGLECTED INDIANS BY REV. GERHARD J. SCHILLING, D.D., BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINE Missionary of the M.,thodist Episcopal Church (North) mD ~ URING my stay in the get that there are millions of souls United States I have in that continent who have never often been asked: yet heard of the Christian faith, and What is the use of other millions who have a very sending missionaries to wrong idea of it. Surely these be- South America, when nighted souls constitute a legitimate all the Southern republics are Chris- field for missionary labor. tian of the Roman Catholic type? Few American Christians have any An experience born of many definite idea of the number and conyears' residence in Argentine, Chile, dition of these unevangelized multiand Bolivia has taught me that every tudes. Their number is not known. reason which makes it necessary to In the United States it is estimated preach the Gospel in North America that there are 260,000 Indians and is equally applicable to South Amer- many mission boards in North Ica. Besides this, we must not for- America which carryon work among

the various tribes. Contrast the condi- the Gran Chaco of Argentine. There tions in the Southern continent. In are the Patagonians of the South Ecquador, for instance, out of a and the Araucanians of Chile. One population of 1,250,000 the Indians could fill pages with only an enunumber 870,000. These are very meration of their. tribal names and a low in the scale of civilization, and guess at their numbers. the majority of them are absolutely Indian Life and Character unevangelized. Moreover, 200,000 of The manJIer of living among these the Indians in that republic, have Indians is as varied as the area in which they dwell. Begin with the never as yet been politically subdued. southernmost, the Onas of Tierra del They still roam in the forests, kill- Fuego. Altho they are exposed for ing game with their poisoned arrows months during the rains to frost and and bringing down birds with their snow, they go about almost naked long blowpipes. Any approach to and entirely so in their poor habitathem is unsafe, and no one seems tions, which take often the form of willing to expose his life in an effort caves dug into the side of a hill. to win them to Christ. Many of them are polygamists and all show very little respect for the Look at Peru. The last census government. Not long ago a Chilian reveals the fact that 57.6 per cent. Army officer stationed among them, of its population of 2,592,000 are In- was found pierced by twenty-five ardians. Some of these have heard of rows pointed with splinters of glass. the Christian faith, and some will even salute a church when they pass, A much sturdier race are the Araubut two millions of them could not canians. Among all the aborigines give a reason for the faith that is of the region now called Chile, they within them. only have never been conquered, neither by the Incas who extended In Bolivia we find 50.9 per cent. once their empire as far as Maule, of the people Indians, or 920,864; of or by the Spaniards who had to withthe 486,018 of "mixed population" draw from them. It has been my returned in the last census, almost all privilege to preach to them in 1907, have little Spanish and much Indian and I found among the family of blood in their veins. So we can Mapuches, near Carahue, a very safely add one million Indians as kind reception. They live in large the Bolivian contingent. huts, called, rucas, the sides of which are made of branches, straw and oc- No man living can tell how many casionally of hides. Some of these Indians live in Brazil. Baron de rucas are large enough to shelter all Santa-Anna Nery, authority on the the members of one of the smaller question of Indians in the Amazon tribes. valley, actually gives the names of 373 tribes in that region. I venture The Indians in Southern Argento say that there are. from seven to tine, south of the Rio Negro, have eight millions of Indians in Brazil. wonderful physical endurance, es- pecially where pain is concerned. Dr. In addition to these millions there are the unnumbered Guaranies and Lenguas, 25,000, as Rev. W. B. Grubb estimates, in Paraguay and

1 51 UNEVANGELIZED SOUTH AMERICA 8u

F. Corbin of Mendoza, who lived a This was ten hours after an operalong time among them in the neigh- tion involving a large flesh wound. borhood of Viedma, told me the following incident of his medical prac- The Indians of the Gran Chaco, tise among them. Two Indians had the northwestern reserves of Argenbeen fighting with knives. One had tine, . and the Guaranies are first been severely cut in the abdomen. cousins. The Rev. W. B. Grubb, He managed to reach the doctor's who knows most about them, says: house, simply closing the wound, "Altho cannibalism is not practised holding the sides together with his in the Chaco, the people have many stories about it, which may be only . MASKED SOUTH AMERICAN INDIAN DANCERS COMING FROM THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH bare hands. Dr. Corbin sewed up a invented. But it 'is . quite, possible large flesh wo~nd and left the man that they are the result of a longin one of his outhouses. When he forgotten habit. These cal1nibals are' came to visit the man the next supposed to be located. in. the far morning, he found the Indian's squaw West, and in that direction among a sitting by the door of the hut, people of Guarani descent, such smoking a cigaret. She fell down practises were evidently in vogue. at the doctor's 'feet, imploring him not to be angry. with her husband. The most pr.evalent crime She said that necessary business had among the Lengua-Mascoy (one of taken Lim to his home, "But," added the Paraguay tribes) is that of inshe, "he will be all right, doctor, he fanticide, which they do not .rank in did not go on foot but on horseback." the same category as the murder of a grown child or adult, aott this

evil is so general, that the very ex- are the Quetchuas and the Aimaraes. istence of the race is endangered. Having lived several years in Bo- There are many reasons for infanti- livia, it was my joy to establish cide. The strongest incentive to the preaching services among the Aim- crime is the difficulty of nurturing araes. The Quetchuas belonged to and bringing up a young family the four original tribes which unitedly under the most unfavorable condi- composed the Inca empire. tions, especially the shortage of food. It is for this reason that an Indian Much of the history of these pre- mother nourishes her child up to historic people is shrouded in mys- even four and sometimes five years tery. But we know that there was of age, and she feels that in her at the end of the twelfth century an hard, exposed, and trying life, it Inca Empire. This was composed of would be absolutely impossible for the Incas proper, the Quechuas, her to maintain and suckle a numer- Canas, and the Cauchis. At about ous family. There is no doubt that the middle of the twelfth century infanticide owes its origin to stress these men of the highlands built the of circumstances, and that sanction famous city of Cuzco. They made was sought for it on religious it the capital of the em?ire. From grounds, in order to obviate the in- that city expeditions of the neighbor- stinctive repugnance to such a crime. ing tribes were conducted. It was the Inca-for the word Inca origin- Another feature of heathenism, ally is a title, such as Emperor- found among the Lengua-Mascoy In- Viracocha, who, in the territory now dians, which is apt t~ strike one at called Bolivia, attacked the Aima- first sight as extremely cruel, and in- raes and conquered them. In their dicative of a total lack of natural midst he built upon the ruins of an affection, is the habit of hastening the old city, Taipacala, the magnificent death of the aged and the victims of temple-city and palace of justice of a serious accident or sickness. So Tiahuanaco. Its name implies "The long as there is any probable hope of Desired One on the border of thl! recovery, the patient is kindly treated lake." Lake Titicaca has receded and attended to, but their attitude some ten kilometers since then. The to these unfortunates at once changes mighty city is a heap of ruins and when they realize that their efforts jackals live now where grave judges are in vain. Then they hasten death once decided questions that involved .by starvation and neglect, sometimes the life or death of the accused. even by violence, and wilful, prema- The proud Aimara, then considering ture burial is by no means an un- himself the lord of the eternal moun- common occurrence. tains, is now a shy and crusht ser- vant. He evades the white man Some Bolivian Tribes who so treacherously treated his fore- bears in the days of Atanualpa. the In Bolivia there are even to-day a Crcesus of his time. With the great number of distinct tribes of Spanish political yoke the religion of Indians. From the map which ac- the conquerors was enforced upon companies this sketch, it will be seen all natives. Many of them little that the two most prominent families

UNEVANGELIZED SOUTH AMERICA 81

cared whether one image, that of powerful mission will begin its work the sun or moon, or another, that of of evangelizing these descendents of the cross or of the "mother of the lordly Incas, to bring them to heaven," adorned their temples or know the King of Kings, Christ, surmounted the hills. The symbol their Savior? was to them of but little value. And so in his heart to-day, as then, both From the map it will be seen also the Aimara of the mountain or the that there are twenty-five more Indian of the plain, worship the sun, major tribes of Indians in Bolivia. the one imploring the giver of heat On the official maps used in the and light to shed his benign rays Bolivian schools, drawn by Dr. Dan. Bustamante, all these are called "sal- ONE OF THE MASKED SOUTH AMERICAN INDIAN DANCERS AT A CHURCH FESTIVAL upon the cold, gray, misty mountain vajes" or savages. Some of these, abode; the other pleading with the as the Guanas who are bordering on shining sun, lest he burn his body, Paraguay, or the Chacaros of the dry up the fountains, and consume East Andes, are still cannibals. No his growing crops with his fire. one knows their language, and they There is at present a society for the hide in the marshes or climb into the protection of the Aimara Indian in trees at the approach of the white La-Paz, but its members simply man. Lucky, indeed, the foreigner thlnk of helping them against the who, having been saved from their sharper, brown or white, who tries poisoned arrows, has been permitted to swindle the poor native out of his to reach the outer border of their land and inheritance. When will the domains. day come in which a great and I little wonder at the wild heathen

rites and orgies after having seen dians who have pierced the lobes of several of the festivities and pagan their ears, and, by inserting coils of dances performed by the so-caIled bamboo bark, have created holes that Christian Indians in Bolivia. These are from two to four inches long.

dances took place during one of their Almost all of these Indians are mere church festivals. savages, living from hunting, fishing, Wild Indian Dances or on the wild fruits they fin~.

Cross over to the Guianas n, ow, I saw them gather for the dance, and you will find even in territory sewed into the skins of the alpacca, belonging to European nations wild imitating bears, or wearing masks re- Indians who worship the Ceiba tree presenting lions or rats. This consist- and place food at the root of such ed of stepping slowly.to the weird trees nightly. Ghastlier still is the sound of bamboo fiutes, meanwhile occupation of the Jivaro Indians of describing large circles. Suddenly Ecuador. They know how to ex- they stop at the sign of their leader, tract from the heads of the enemies turn about and retrace in dancing -which, like the Dyaks of Borneo, step the circle just marked. At an- they carry away as trophies-the other signal they stop altogether, skull. Somehow, I imagine, they when their squaws regale them with must break the skull into fragments.

small tin cups filled with diluted raw They do this, however, without desalcohol, manufactured from sugar- troying the overlying flesh. This cane. In a few minutes dancing is they shrink by some process, leaving resumed, amI some of the men kept all hair on the head, until the whole this up for forty or forty-eight hours, has contracted to the size of a man's when they fell in death-like stupor to fist. During this process they know the ground. They never took off how to mold the flesh in such a their masks or fancy dresses during all manner that it retains the general this time and even slept out their semblance of the former being, redebauch in the attire of their orgies. duced only in size to a diameter of This was in honor of the feast of the about four inches. Ghastly, indeed, Immaculate Conception of the Virgin appear these trophies of an unbridled Mary. Can the pagan Indians have hatred against their enemies.

more horrible or degrading feasts Missions to the Indians than these?

From the Bolivian border of the Efforts to reach the South Ameri- Pilcomayo district we come into the can Indians with the Gospel have almost unknown regions of the been few and very far between. The Amazon Indians. Somewhere there scattered location of the tribes would are the Uginas, of whom even seri- not have been so detrimental if the ous white men affirm that the tribe efforts had been directed by re- has short tails. There are the Mojas sponsible boards and in a systematic of the Beni, who beat the bark of way promising continuance. But the some tree until they can make of the majority of these missions are of a fiber smocks to cover their naked- spasmodic character. Two' of the ness. Again, there are the Napo In- stations I know are exceptions. I

UNEVANGELIZED SOUTH AMERtCA 8I S

refer to the work of Rev. Grubb in not want to buy. But the colpor- Paraguay and the successful mission teur prest his wares and, really so of Rev. Mr. Sadlier among the as to get rid of the man, Chiriotti Araucanians in· Chol-Chol. These bought a copy. "So, now you can are under the direction of the So- go on," said he to the colporteur, ciety for the Propagation of the when, to his surprize, that man said: Gospel. "N0, sir, now my real work begins. You have no idea how to handle the A Remarkable Conversion Bible, nor how to get the best out of her." So he took a copy and made But some others, conducted by Chiriotti open with him at the same men and women of deep piety and WORTH SAVING- TWO PUMA INDIANS OF BOLIVIA unquestioned consecration, are of a passage. .He turned to a prophecy and very doubtful value because of their then to its fulfilment. Chiriotti told lack of backing. One had a very me that the colporteur remained . remarkable beginning. Antonio Chir- three hours at this first visit. A dive iotti, an Italian, lived in California of three hours into "The Book and owned a flour mill. He was a Charming" will set any man to know widower and childless, a prosperous more about it, and so our Italian man and, of course, held to the friend began to study for himself Roman Catholic faith. One day a and, finally, was soundly and scrip- Danish Bible colporteur offered him turally converted. Naturally, he a copy of the Scriptures. He did wanted to do something evangelical

for others and finally decided to go independently work for the evangeli- to the Argentine Republic and start zation of the Indians. They often a mission among the unevangelized live in abject poverty, and while Indians in the Gran Chaco. When they are most Christlike, healing the he reached Buenos Aires he was al- sick and helping the needy, no con- ready advanced in age and rather a stitution can stand the strain they sick man. He deposited some $40,- put on theirs, and with their disap- 000 in two of the banks and then pearance from the field the work is wanted to make his will, giving all likely to come to an end. The same this money to the work he had may be true of some workers who planned. How great was his sur- have come to establish themselves prize when he learned that under among the Indians of San-Pedro, Argentine law he could not make Bolivia. They are connected with such disposition of his money. Then some "Faith Mission" in Australia.

his attention was called by a godly It seems to me very apparent that physician who had practised some the heavy drain upon the finances in years in Bolivia to that country, and Australia caused by the present war, in 191 I old Chiriotti actually arrived will greatly diminish, if not stop al- in La-Paz where I was one of the together, for some years, these special witnesses to his will, giving all his gifts for independent mission work.

money for the evangelization of the The world is paying attention to Aimara Indians. Then he died. The the great continent of the South as four executors of his will bought a never before. The war in Europe, large tract of land on the border of the completion of the Panama Canal Lake Titicaca, and with the land and, to the Christian worker, the were taken over some thirty families notices of a great Latin America of Indians. The interest of the resi- Christian Vorkers' Congress during due of the capital is just large enough the month of February of 1916 in to pay for the salary of one married Panama, are some of the factors mIssIOnary. The work is excellent, which produce this interest.

but I doubt the wisdom ·and the per- We hope that the movement south- manency of such isolated efforts. ward will not only result in com- Past history has shown that somehow mercial profits to all concerned, and they come to grief. How much not simply strike an international better had Chiriotti left his money and an intercollegiate note, but we to some constituted board of mis- hope that definite plans will be dis- sions who would continue the work cust and adopted, whose sole and and enlarge it even if something had persistent aim will be to bring the happened to the original gift. truth as it is in Christ Jesus to these In Puno, Peru, an excellent Chris- millions of unevangelized Indians of tian couple, Mr. and Mrs. A. Stahl, South America.

It is a fearful sin to be going through the world with a light kindled by the Holy Spirit to guide sinners to Jesus, and yet to carry this as a dark lantern, which can give no benefit to anyone. But how vain is it, on the other hand, to hold up a lamp when the light is almost out.-WM. C. BURNS.

Students of I.Jatin

BY CHARLES IJlllllllS IHJRREY, NEW YORK General Secretary of the Committee on Friendly Relations Among Foreign Students ~~~~~HY are the students which the teachings of the Author of of Latin America a the Sermon on the Mount are dis- supremely important seminated and obeyed among the factor in causing the educated leaders of Latin America. will of Jesus Christ to The spreading of knowledge of the be respected and obey- sublime truths of the New Testament, and obedience thereto, constitutes a ed in their nations? Certainly not solemn obligation and inspiring opbecause they are numerically strong: portunity facing the Christian people it is doubtful whether one in a thou- of North America. The same fundasand of the total population is a mental factors essential in building student of university grade; surely and fortifying character among colnot on account of financial power: lege men of the United States and many will inherit and acquire vast Canada are indispensable in the conwealth, but as undergraduates they struction of South American manare not taxpayers; their impetuous hood. radical speeches and writings do not vitally influence political life. Not During the past year forty thouwhat they are, but who they are, and sand North American college men what they are becoming, require that were enrolled in devotional Biblethey be reckoned with in any enter- study groups, and other thousands prise affecting the future of their read and studied the Scriptures pripeople. vately. Nearly as many followed regular courses in an investigation Within ten years Latin students of the needs of the nations for the who are now pursuing their studies Christian religion. Ten thousand enin Mexico, South and Central Ameri- listed voluntarily in definite altruistic ca, and abroad, will be making the service to fellow students and others. laws, directing the industries, editing The study and practise of prayer are the journals, and determining in widespread in college circles; three large measure the policies of a score thousand selected student leaders deof republics. Will the laws be voted ten days to study ·and training framed and executed for the welfare in summer conferences. Every Sunof the people? Will industry rec- day finds over one-half of North ognize and respect the rights of the America's student popUlation astoiler? Can the press be reckoned sembled in the churches for worship as a powerful ally of righteousness, and communion. and will national policies be such as will advance the cause of internation- Scarcely a Bible-study group can al good-will? be found in all of the student centers of Latin America. Mission and An affirmative answer to these inquiries will depend on the extent to

8IS THE MISSION ARY R~VmW OF tHE WORLb

social-study courses are practically of his own nation, and in abstaining unknown; here and there one dis- absolutely fr0111 attacks upon any covers examples of social service, form of religion. but the majority of university students are allowed to live in selfish- Those Anglo-Saxon people who ness. N at five per cent. of the stu- have been most suocessful in winning dents attend church, and the practise the confidence of Latin American of prayer is practically abandoned. students have quickly established One student conference enrolled one points of contact in the study of hundred students representing a half- English, athletics, social life and love dozen institutions of higher learning. of country; participation jointly in these exercises and in discussion of These facts are not stated with a the claims of patriotism has opened view to making odious comparisons, the way naturally for reading the but rather in order to reveal to Bible, the abandonment of practises Christian people in North America the that cripple physical efficiency, and wonderful opportunity they have for for heart to heart talks about the sharing and cooperating with Latin life and mission of our Lord. America in applying approved methods of character-building to the needs That there are obstacles in the of student life in the Latin American way of making Latin American republics. Successful cooperation universities truly Christian no one will depend largely upon the attitude can deny. That the obstacles are of North Americans. One who insuperable no one dare affirm. The would awaken interest in the Bible response of students and professors as a guide to true living, and inspire to a sympathetic approach is most confidence in the Church as God's encouraging; the generous backing organized plan for extending right- offered by individuals and governeousness, must not move among ments to efforts for the moral and Latin students with an air of super- religious welfare of students chaliority and racial pride; let him rather lenges our admiration. Thousands recognize his own personal short- of thoughtful students and professors comings and the mistakes of his are waiting for friends who will nation; let him appreciate the show them that belief in God and achievements of Latin American immortaJity is rational, that religion civilization and the noble qualities is to be incorporated in daily life, of her citizens, and let him fully and to manifest its power in transidentify himself with their interests formed lives and communities. and aspirations. He will not go far afield if, in this spirit, he emphasizes The people of North America the supreme importance of high should not overlook the opportunity moral character among the youth to interpret the best in their civiliof a nation, and the indispensable zation to the two thousand students contribution of the religion of Jesus in the United States from all parts Christ in achieving such character. of Latin America. They are study- He will be wise in refraining from ing here for a few years, and will references to the glory and greatness soon return to positions of influence an-lOng their people. They should have no occasion for feeling that the

STUDENTS OF LATIN

"Yankee" is selfish and provincial. sented the Philippine Islands, Porto- Every facility should be placed at Rico, Cuba, Mexico, San Salvador, their disposal which will acquaint Costa Rica, Colombia, Brazil, Para- them with the best homes, with agen- guay, Argentina and Spain. Many cies and organizations seeking the came for the good time they would welfare and uplift of the people, and have, resolved to skip all they could above all, they should come into per- of Bible study, etc. Several rebelled sonal touch with the ablest students at the start, and I believe were only and professors who are earnest held to the system of the Conference Christian men, disposed to share their religious convictions. by their sense of the duty of a guest. One started a theosophist and a dis- Over one hundred Latin American torter of .the Bible and ended a students enjoyed the hospitality of Christian, eager to learn all that the the North American Christian Stu- Bible contains. One man, caught in dent Movement as guests at the sum- the grip of a habit that meant the mer conferences last June. The pos- destruction of his mind and eventusibilities of such fellowship are thus ally of his life, found most joyous stated by one of the wisest leaders release. in Christian work in Latin America: "At Northfield, church difference, "I am just finishing twenty days international jealousy, and personal of work in the Latin American sec- aversion to piety, threatened to distion of the student conferences. In rupt the Conference. Within two the eleven years of my residence in days of the end of the Conference, Latin America I have never expe- in a discussion class, a dispute arose rienced anything that has brought me which threat~ned to lead to intersuch certainty as to the ultimate suc- national complications at every point cess of the task we have in hand in and delayed the session an hour. This these Latin republics. I have always seemed to be the final explosion of been confident; now I am sure. I the pent-up feelings of men who had have seen in the last three weeks been fighting for self-control for a young men from the best classes, the week: The very next evening was leaders of their peoples, yielding marked by a deeply spiritual disthemselves not only to the influences cussion on "What Does It Mean to of friendship, but to the highest work be a Christian?" The decision meetof the Holy Spirit. I have seen men ing held on Sunday was the most transformed from agnostics to fer- moving I have ever attended. Every vent disciples, from relentless parti- man present voluntarily signed a conzans to apostles of aNew Brother- tract to follow and serve Jesus Christ hood, from careless seekers of selfish as Master and Lord, and to read the pleasure to resolute warriors for hon- Bible and pray. Those who had esty, purity, and kindliness. I at- been open and flagrant in opposition tended the conferences for the full frankly confest their sin and begged time at Eagles Mere and at North- forgiveness. field. At these two conferences a total of thirty-four men, exclusive of "The results are far-reaching. One the leaders, attended. They repre- representative of a splendid family said he was going home to be a

Christian engineer and a promoter of K3 LOIJ1Il1Creiai congresses and Christian work for young men. An- trade commissions dre desirable and other, a brilliant graduate in engi- necessary, but Christian people of neering, offered a month's salary all nations should hail with great joy whenever Christian work can be the approaching congress on Chrisopened in his city, one of the un- tian work in Latin America to be opened student ~enters of South held in Panama in February. May America. Otic, a brother oi the presi- it mark the beginning of genuine dent of a republic where the Chri~­ cooperation of the Americas in great tian Association has never had a 1110r:,: 2nd religious ente:prises! It welcome, declares it as his intention will certainly recognize the important to use his influence to introduce the relation of the universities to the Association there." spread of Christianity, and will adopt plans which will result in the centers In the past, selfish motives and the of learning becoming sources of desire for gain have too largely de- moral and spiritual enrichment for termined the attitude of North all the people. American people toward La:::1 Amer- Shall We Send Missionaries to Argentina?

BY REV. ERNEST N. BAUMAN, JlUENOS AIRES Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church BOUT twelve years ago year, and in a short time it was very evident that it would soon be mA a Methodist local much too small for the ever-growing preacher began to hold congregation. The best feature of occasional services in the year has been the prevailing a private house in this spirit of conviction. Sunday after suburb of Buenos Sunday sinners followed the Gospel Aires, known as Flores. For years call, young and old became convicted the work was carried on by lay- of sin, repented and surrendered to workers in private houses or rented Jesus Christ. One night we were halls, finally a regular pastor was deeply stirred by the conversion of appointed, and the work flourished a young man, whose wife was a so well that it was decided to build faithful member of our church. We a chapel. Almost everybody was knew that she and her parents were ready to make sacrifices so that this earnestly praying for her husband, chapel might become a reality, aed and· were overjoyed to see their finally the prayers and good works prayers answered in this way. Some of this congregation bore fruitage. time afterward another young man came under conviction as a result A chapel, measuring forty-five feet by twenty-seven, was erected last

WE SEND MISSIONARIES TO ARGENTINA?

of the prayers of his sweetheart. were held and the matter was prayer- His family is still indifferent to vita"l fully brought before them; hence we Christianity, but the young man has believe that what was done was not experienced a wonderful change and merely a result of a momentary im· does not fear to do personal work pulse but rather a deliberate choice for the Master. About the same inspired and invigorated by the time a woman, on whom I had called, prayers and personal talks of parents was happily converted. Her life had and teachers. The children have been 2. peculiarly sad one, her hus- since been organized into a probationband had been a confirmed drugkard ers' Bible-class so that their early for upwards of thirty years. One decision of childhood may be A GROUP OF MISSION – SCHOOL CHILDREN IN ANENDOGA son, who for several years had fol- grounded and built up on the word lawen the evil example of his father of God. One of the most helpful was converted three years ago, and features of the work in this congreit was due largely to his influence gation is the fact that the parents that the mother took the same step. are so deeply concerned about the Now both mother and son are anx- spiritual well-being of their children. iously praying for the speedy conversion of the drunken father. From these and other similar re- sults, we must conclude that the In our Sunday-school we have had Protestant Church has a right to the privilege of seeing about twenty work in this land. But there is anchildren decide for Christ. Parents other reason. Argentina, Uruguay and teachers had been praying and and Paraguay have together 8,000,000 working for this for a long time, inhabitants, and about three hundred special meetings for the teachers thousand immigrants land on these

shores annually. Italy and Spain The city of Rosario, with 170,000 in- furnish almost all of these .tho there is also some sprinkling of Germans, habitants, has but seventeen priests. English, Russian, etc. Ve priests are hated, reviled, and Buenos Aires, the second Latin city of the world, has 1,300,000 in- despised. We can not even take a habitants. It is by far the largest and most cosmopolitan city of all religious census in our own parish South America. It is noted for its splendid avenues and parks. It is without being molested. It is conjust as busy and modern as any other city in the world. It has a most sidered bad luck to meet one of us modern electric light system, and its street-railways are a great improve- on the street. We American priests ment on those of New York. An extensive subway system is under have petitioned the Pope to allow us construction at present, in order to relieve the very much congested to wear ordinary clothes and to put downtown district. aside· our priest's dress when we go In New York City there are but forty Roman Catholic churches, about out, so that we may be better able the same number as in Philadelphia, where there are also 500 Protestant to reach the people. Should Proteschurches, while Buenos Aires has but twenty. Is it fair that New York tants have missions here? Why not?

should have about 900 Protestant The two churches get along very churches; Philadelphia 500, and well side by side in the United States, Buenos Aires only twenty? why not here?" . A Roman Catholic priest from North America, who has a parish in The above statement was made to this city, throws light on the subject, when he says: "We have no Robert E. Speer and to Rev. S. D. such liberty, power, or influence in Argentina as we have in the United Daugherty, a Lutheran missionary States. Both native and foreign elements are entirely irreligious. In still resident here. The prevalent our own parish only 8 per cent. attend church, and when they do immorality all through these repubattend they are so noisy that no one would ever dream that they are in lics is a fact that can hardly be a church service. All our work is fearfully undermanned; there are exaggerated. Not long ago a promonly 1,000 priests in all Argentina, and I know one parish of 130,000 inent citizen of Buenos Aires assured souls here in Buenos Aires which has only one priest and two assistants. me that not one man out of ten in this city is true to his wife.

There are scores of towns which are not yet occupied by any Protes- tant Christian missionary. The large cities are being touched only slightly by the preaching of the Gospel, and there are still some of the capitals of provinces which have no regular Gospel preaching.

What greater argument does the Christian need than this: South America is still groping in moral and spiritual darkness. South America does not know the saving power of the Lord Jesus Christ. This is the Macedonian cry from South Amer- ica. We Christians have the Gospel to-day because St. Paul said: "I was not disobedient to the heavenly vis- ion." Are we disobedient?

Latin-American Congress*

BY REV. CHARLES L. THOMPSON, D.D., LL.D., NEW YORK · .Chairman of the Commission on Unity and Cooperation of the Congress on Christian Work in Latin America HE events of the last, was explored and conquered in a fTl few years have made a new American map. lust for gold and glory. Its people in large measure have failed of the The finishing of the impulse for noble living which comes by a noble inheritance. If we have , greatest engineering achievement in all our inherited high moral ideals it is not history has reconstructed our geo- to our praise, but it constitutes a graphy. reason why we should share them North and South America, united with others less fortunate.

ge"ologically by continuous mountain It is this appeal which may be ranges, are now bound by the living confidently made and which will be ties of commerce, and social and a mighty leverage in the endeavor to educational interest as well as by lift to higher levels and purer forms common political ideals. It is there- of Christian truth people who have fore important that they should been made cold or indifferent by t~e understand each other religiously, formalities of religion without its and that by both of them common spirit.

standards of Christian thought and It is to be hoped, therefore, that life should be accepted. For such is the mind open to recognize elements going to be their unity in all other of truth and goodness in any form respects that for their common wel- of faith will characterize the Panama fare the same ethical and Christian Conference. While from the pre- ideals should be acknowledged and vailing religion of Latin America as made effective among all the people. an institution we may not expect It is in no spirit of superiority that much welcome or cooperation, yet we own the fact that to North doubtless there are many individuals, America there came a type of life, nominally or by inheritance attached and an inheritance of reformation to that faith, who will give us wel- truth, denied to South America. It come in our program and help at all is no reflection upon South America least along some lines of Christian for them and us to own the advance. Even as in the United fact that, whereas the upper half of States such help is given in matters the continent was settled and occu- of temperance and social reform, so pied by men of sturdy religious con- it is believed it will be in Latin victions, who sought only a home America. Indeed, we have been as- where they and their descendants sured by men high in civic authority might enjoy civil and religious free- in South America that an approach dom, the lower half of the continent to those republics-not in a way of • From the tenth to the twentieth of February next there will be held in the City of Panama a Congress of all missionary societies working in Latin America. It is the purpose of this paper briefly to state tbe reasons for such a gathering-its scope and the ends it is hoped it may serve.

condescension, but of helpfulness to isters of religion the people would better enable people to carry burdens get little help, because their lives so which they realize are too great for definitely contradict their preaching. them-will be welcomed. Let us The same spirit which sends us as then manifest an eager readiness to missionaries to barbarians across cooperate with any who will unite oceans should impel our steps to the with us on any plane of the great he'lpless and hopeless savages of Christian enterprise. Let us not South America. demand cooperation in the entire program as a condition of accepting This much as to the mission field allies for any part of that program. of Latin America as a reason for calling the Congress. Two further There are two other important reasons pertain to what is called the reasons for considering our Chris- home base. In the first place, the tian duty to Latin America. First: Christian Church of North America There are probably forty thousand has not seriously considered her students in her various universities- great opportunity in the southern of most of whom it may truly be half of the continent. Here are said that the doctrines and cere- seventy millions of people-our monies of religion to which they neighbors, our allies in repUblican have been accustomed no longer principles, inheritors with us of make any strong appeal to them. many of the fundamental principles But they are to be the leaders of of Christianity-to whom our conthought and action for all those re- tribution of educational and religious publics. The future of those re- forces has been almost negligible. publics will be determined largely And yet, they with us must deterby them. If they become skeptics, mine the destiny of the new world. or totally indifferent to all religious They, without us, can not shape that questions, it will bode no good for destiny. It is equally true we withthe future of those lands. If we out them can not worthily shape that have a message that will appeal to destiny. Especially now-when the inquiring minds, and if we can open civilization of the old world seems up to them possibilities of a higher to be going bankrupt-now is the life than any that now seems open, time for America to manifest a we will be doing much for the sta- solidarity of peace and Christian bility and permanence of Latin- brotherhood which may be this dark American institutions. world's final hope.

Again, there are eight million In- Again – even the little that has dians in Latin America for whose been done for the spiritual uplift of spiritual life almost nothing is lOW Latin America has lacked the statesbeing done. We do not forget that man's view and program. More than there was a time when Jesuit and a score of missionary societies have Franciscan priests did heroic service carried on work but often feebly in their behalf and lifted many of ll1anned and supported and without them out of their age-long bar- coordination with each other. There barism. But those priests have few have been many soldiers-but not an successors now. From many mm- army. The spirit of cooperation be-

LATIN-AMERICAN

tween denominations has been largely is hampered, if not imperilled, by absent. Nor has there been any such the low average of intelligence.

general and united consideration of Illiteracy ranges from 40 to 80 per the vast field and its many problems cent. Of course there are many edu- as alone would supply the knowl- cated and cultured people. There edge and the program necessary for are circles in their great cities which effective advance. In the hope of will compare well with like circles such consideration and such action anywhere. But the safety of a re- following as will write a new day of public depends on the diffusion of progress in Latin America this Con- intelligence. For lack of it there gress is called. have been many small revolutions in Now, as to its scope.-As in Edin- South America. They who would burgh, eight commissions have been best help Latin America to a surer appointed to consider the main sub- progressive civic life must inspire a j ects pertaining to missionary work. deeper desire for general education These commissions, appointed last and must lead the way in securing it.

winter by a general committee repre- The matter of popular education senting alI the societies doing work should, therefore, have large atten- in Latin America, have given diligent tion at Panama. And in this the consideration to the themes CO'11- Congress wiII have cordial welcome mitted to them. They have con- and hearty support from the leaders ducted most extensive correspond- of national life in all the republics.

ence with missionaries and others in Moral character is, of course, an- all the republics, and have studied other foundation stone of the life as carefully as they could the social, of a republic. In many parts of educational, moral and religious con- Latin America the morals of the ditions. They have also had confer- people are at low ebb. It does not ences with leaders in the politicallife indeed become us to cast stones.

of some of the republics. From We have too many sins of our own.

these wide surveys they are making A prominent South American said· up their findings, which will be re- to the writer, "The social life I wit- ported first to the workers in the nessed in some of the N ew York various fields for criticism and cor- hotels would not be tolerated in rection, and finally in printed vol- Buenos Aires." That is the call for umes will be presented to the Con- home mission work in the United gress at Panama in February. States, and it is loud and urgent.

While Latin America is behind In But so is the calI in Latin America.

the march of American progress, That the types of sin are somewhat even the steps it is taking are handi- different (and each nation seems to capped by serious failures in some furnish its own brand) does not directions. Thus, all the govern- make the national peril less. South ments are republican; some of them America needs what North America of an advanced type. Those farthest needs-the Gospel of Christ. Only from North America have made the that can finally lift the moral level.

greater progress-as Chile, Argen- If a facing of moral conditions as tina, and Brazil. But their future they exist in many parts of Latin

America shall stimulate the Chris- columns. Missions among nontian Church here and there to more Christian people have given us a united and persistent efforts, there lesson we may well learn and apply will be fewer revolutions in Latin in Latin America. If in China and America and surer national progress. Japan bodies differing in doctrine and polity can get together as a One of the most important ques- united Church, surely on this contions the Panama Congress will have tinent we should be able to do the to face is why, after fifty years of same. Latin America furnishes a Protestant mission work in Latin fine field for such an experiment. America, the fruit of it is so incon- Its languages are few, its people spicuous. Separate denominations, homogeneous, its ecclesiastical hisoperating each in its little corner, have been more or less content with tory, tho sad, is suggestive. It is to what they have done, and have had no just conception of how little im- be hoped, therefore, that a spirit of press Protestant Christianity has the utmost cooperation will rule the really made on the life of Latin America. When in more statesman- proceedings wt Panama. It is our like fashion they get together to survey the whole vast field, they will only hope for impressing ourselves be forced to see that their small or our message on peoples accusgains are scarcely visible among the tomed to a united Christian front. seventy millions of the population. Doubtless a consideration of edu- Along with that fact will come the cational problems, for example, will further conviction that some new make it plain that in all grades a methods not only must be adopted combination of different denominabut an entire new alignment of tions can do far more creditable and Christian forces must be had. Then appealing work. A few great instithey wilI see that their science of the tutions in each republic will be far mISSIOnary propaganda has been better than a score of feebly supradically wrong in this respect-that ported schools. Even union theothey are in the presence of a unified logical education is not beyond an Church, while their own forces are easy possibility, as Porto Rico and hopelessly divided and often at vari- Japan and China have revealed. ance with each other. Instead of antagonizing a unified Church, The time has come on every misbecause associated In our minds sion field at home and abroad when with teachings we can not ac- denominations must get together and cept, it were far wiser to see in it work together, or be at a hopeless an ideal that may be worth striving disadvantage in comparison w~th the for. Instead of combating such an world's great enterprises in all other ideal, were it not far better to make realms. Christ's prayer "That they of it an appeal for a reorganization all may be one" is coming to its of Protestant forces? We have answer. May the Panama Congress failed to conquer wi,th our divided be bold to accept the fact and head lines. T,et us try the effect of united alI its program for Latin America toward that divine ideal. Then it will mark the mightiest advance that the Kingdom of Christ on this con- tinent has ever known.

BEFORE SUNDAY AFTERNOON SERVICE IN FRONT OF THE YOUNG WOMEN'S

CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION BUILDING At the San Francisco Exposition AN IMPRESSIVE GLIMPSE OF THE RELIGIOUS AND SOCIAL WORK BY E. M. PAGE, NEW YORK [There are two sides to every phase of human life-the good and the evil. The Panama Exposition at San Francisco, which is so beautiful and so uplifting in many respects has also been severely criticized for the immorality that characterizes some of its features and its patrons. Long before the Exposition opened, the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America took measures to induce the authorities of the Exposition and the city of San Francisco to maintain a high moral tone within and without the grounds.

Fortunately, there is at the Exposition the counteracting work of such organizations as the Committee of One Hundred of the Federal Council, the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, the California Social Hygiene Association, the Young Men's Christian Association, and the Young Women's Christian Association. Some of this work is described in the following interesting article.-EDITOR.] S this the only religious "If you have grasped the true thought of its originators the whole I exhibit on the Exposition has a religious signifi- grounds?" I asked one cance," he replied.

I . Q of the men in charge When the tourist enters the grounds and, passing around the •.. ~ at the. Palace of Edu- Fountain of Energy with its joyous exuberance, walks under the Tower . cation.

He turned anel looked at me 11- tently.

of Jewels and pauses in the arched tion there. This is threefold. There recess to face the fountain group of are ( I ) the religious conferences El Dorado, he meets the first and congresses; there is (2) a large phrasing of the message of the Ex- religious exhibit; and there is (3) position. actual religious work carried on.

A line of struggling human figures All this has been arranged by the push and jostle their way up each Young Men's and the Young Wo- side to the magic portals of the men's Christian Associations, and the Land of Gold. Some are stagger- Committee of One Hundred. The ing to a fall, some are already down. Committee is an' organization of rep- Here .and there one stoops to lift an resentatives from twenty-seven de- unfortunate, but the main rout rushes' nominations united for Christian on unheeding, their arms out- work in San Francisco and to ar- stretched, their faces frenzied by de- range for the exhibit in the Educa- sire. Guarding the gate stand the tional Building.

heroic figures of an Aztec man and In the southwest corner of the woman, holding the great doors in- Palace of Education, over forty de- exorably shut. With a high pity nominations and religious organiza- they watch the impotent pygmies at tions have considerable space for their feet. their striking exhibit. Booths built "Behold the emptiness of the against the walls have been allotted search for gold, its horror and its to separate organizations, such as the cruelty!" their calm detachm€llt Girls' Friendly. Society,. the, Wo- seems to say. men's Christian Temperance Union, Beyond, in the Court of the Uni- the Salvation Army, and others.

verse, is another step. Theinscrip- Here' are dainty models of buiidings tions speak of Truth, the couns-ellor that never fail to attract a crowd, and guide; the groups on the arches here are easy-chairs to tempt the to right and left march forward in footsore and weary. Out on the search of an ideal, the "adventurous main floor is a large space divided by archer" stands fearless at the end of screens into narrow lanes containing a world and directs his arrow still the denominational exhibits of photo- out and up, while the figure on the graphs.

column of the Rising Sun leaps from A moving-picture theater is set up its pedestal with outspread wings, in the corner where one may rest the day all before it and a universe and watch scenes from mission fields to conquer. at home 'and' abroad enacted before Not once but many times is the his eyes with illuminating comments theme repeated; the material is not by an enthusiastic lecturer.

everything, the material alo'ne IS Once as we were passing through empty, spirit transcends all else. the building we were attracted by the But the visitor at the Exposition sound of singing.' I'n the open space is not" left for religious inspiration at the center of the religious exhibit to the chance of his interpreting the we came on a pretty sight. A young sculpture' aright. Religion has an- Japanese minister from the city had other and more definite representa- brought out a portion of his SUll-

THE SAN FRANCISCO

day-school and was proudly putting a collegiate reunion to the congress them through their paces as a prac- of the American Sweet Pea Society. tical demonstration of mission-work. One by one the chubby slant-eyed The reason given by the Exposilittle beings were lifted to a com- tion authorities for the calling of manding position on a chair, where congresses was that the aim of the each child bravely recited his bit of latest vVorld's Fair is "the meeting Scripture. The tiny ones began with of the needs of the world by social, brief quotations such as Christ's sum- educational, and industrial service." mary of the law, or the twenty-third An Exposition auditorium has been Psalm, the older aspiring to the built in the Civic center of San Francisco with halls to accommodate THE CAFETERIA IN THE YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATWN BUILDING As many as 3,560 have eaten here in one day lengthy achievements of the com- twenty-one meetings at one time. A mandments and the thirteenth chap- Festival Hall and a Congress Hall on ter of First Corinthians. the grounds are also available.

The second type of religious work Active Religious Service at the San Francisco Exposition has been the holding of religious con- Even more definite religious work ferences. The mere number of is being done. In San Francisco these is significant. Over eight under the committee of. One Hunhundred are listed in the official announcement and one out of every dred, a lot has been rented in' a twelve of these has a religious aim. This is a remarkable showing when central spot where a large tent has one considers that this list includes been set up. Here, week by week, every meeting held at the Fair, from come popular preachers and noted evangelists, Billy Sunday among the number, and a vigorous campaign

SUNDAY AT THE BIBLE DAY CEREMONIES OF THE WORLD'S BIBLE CONGRESS (AUGUST 2, 1915), AT THE

FRANCISCO EXPOSITION

THE SAN FRANCISCO

has been carried on for San l'ran- a kitchen and bathroom at one side cisco as well as for the stranger and the charge for all this is twentywithin her gates. five cents a day.

The problems of the Exposition it- Every Sunday afternoon a brief self have been handled largely by service is held on the porch before the the Young Men's and Young Wo- building, one of the most prominent men's Christian Associations. The spots on the grounds. This service service of tourists has been taken is listed by the Exposition along over by the Young Women's organ- with band-concerts and balloon asization, its building being the first to censions as one of the "attractions" the left of the main entrance. There of the daily program. is a wide shady porch with inviting rocking-chairs and with a view across Cornet solos and a trio of cornet, the pools and flowers of the South violin, and piano, attract the crowd, Gardens to the Tower of Jewels. and selections are sung by the choir. Within is a large reception-hall with When the shifting audience seems !nore easy-chairs, writing-desks, and largest the preacher gives his tent;>bles. Behind a curving counter a minute talk. Unexpected diversions group of workers are ready to direct sometimes tax the adaptability of the the tourist to hotels, eating-places, leader. One man was about to speak exhibit palaces, the best band-con- when the whirr of an aeroplane ancert, or the funniest laugh-producer nounced the approach of Art Smith ('11 the zone. Behind is the cafeteria, for one of his spectacular flights. All so inexpensive and deservedly popu- proceedings were suspended while aular that at meal times the line of dience, choir, and even the minister, hungry ones waIting to be fed watched the graceful dipping and stretches through the reception-room turning of the winged machi1}e. When and far along the walk outside. Up- the spectators turned back to,>;:iew the stairs is an emergency hospital on a discomfiture of the interrupted speakdllninutive scale where over five er, they were greeted with the text: hundred first aid treatments were given in the first four months. Here "And when the living creatures are rest-rooms with comfortable went the wheels went beside them; couches for tired women. At one and when the living creatures were side is a day-nursery with a kinder- lifted up from the earth the wheels garten teacher and a trained nurse were lifted up. . and . in charge of the thirty or more I heard the noise of their wings like babies. A fenced enclosure with see- the noise of great waters." sa·w, sand-pile, and swings affords a playground for the older children, Not a man moved away during the and a cool, dark room with a row of stirring and timely talk that followed. tiny white cribs is the sleeping-place of the littlest ones. The big, airy For the employees and those who playroom is fitted out with low tables are adding to the pleasure of the Exand ridiculously small chairs, while position visitors much is being done playthings are everywhere. There is by both organizations at work. The Young Men's Christian Association has put its building in the form of a large club-house by the Presidio, or United States Military reserve, where

it deals primarily with the needs of food, some energetic county adverthe Army and Navy men, who are on tisers had supplied two fascinating the grounds in large numbers. films of Californian country and ranch life to amuse and instruct, and The girls emp·loyed in all the Exhi- prizes were given to the girls from bition palaces are organized by the the county and state which had the Young Women's Christian Associa- largest delegations among the worktion in groups. Each leader has one ing force. One of the girls said on or more buildings under her direct leaving that it was her first party in supervision. A committee of volun- five years. teer workers from outside cooperate with leaders among the girls in such Out on the zone, tucked in behind a way that there are practically no the gaudy houses of Mirth is a club THE GIRLS' CLUB HOUSE IN THE (lZONE'" Conducted by the Young Women's Christian Association for the dancers and other performers during their leisure hours women employed who are not known house for the workers there. It is to the working force. Parties have a low, brown house with broad eaves been given for the various groups, the and nasturtiums running up over the girls from California acting as host- windows. In a large but cosy room esses. are little tables for eating, large com- fortable chairs, a book-case filled with In the Food Products Building one books and magazil~es, and a few good evening, . the doors were closed as pictures hanging on its walls. A usual at six o'clock, and by six-thirty smal1 window, like a pantry-slide, in a space in the center had been cleared, one corner, opening into the kitchen, tables were set with white linen, silver is a lunch counter, where a hungry and flowers, and two hundred and girl may get a square meal for fifteen thirty girls sat down. The exhibitors cents. On one side is a rest-room, in that department had provided the

THE SAN FRANCISCO

and a large bath-room equipped with and to employ those who make good. the only bath-tubs on the Zone. If an international exposition is a Three visits at the club-house constitutes a girl a member with the free- reflection of the spirit and thought dom of the house and a card of per- of the world, then these are indeed sonal introduction to the nearest times after the Master's own heart. Association when she leaves the Ex- The world is awake to the preemiposition. nence of spiritual things, and it con~ siders the ideal of service large The problem of unemployment enough to be taken as the central after the Exposition is one which the thought of its latest World's Fair. workers are trying to solve. A night- There is a yearning and a striving A BANQUET GIVEN BY THE YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE GIRLS EMPLOYED IN THE FOOD PRODUCTS BUILDING WHICH THEY HAVE TERMED "PALACE OF NIBBLING ARTS"

school has been opened to give the toward what the Church can give, and fifteen hundred employees a lift the Church is alive to its opportunities toward the top. Classes meet in the in San Francisco as never before. Association Building, and teachers Let us take courage from this lesson from a standard commercial college of the Exposition and lay hold on give their services three nights a the great task before us in something week, and on alternate nights one of of the spirit shown in Weinman's the largest department stores offers statue of the Rising Sun, knowing a course in salesmanship. This store that the time is at hand, the day is has promised to give preference to indeed before us, and the world to these students at the holiday season, conquer.

the Dominican

THE MISSIONARY WORK OF THE FREE METHODIST CHURCH lC:;~~~~ HE Dominican Republic February, 1915. This occasion occupies a part of the brought together the largest and most island of Santo Do- representative gathering of Protes- mingo, which it shares tants ever held in the interior of the with the Haitian Re- Dominican Republic, about forty new public. The people of converts came forward and as many the Dominican Republic speak Span- more were received into the mission ish, while the Haitians generally use and church as members and pro- the French language. Recurring re- bationers.

volutions from its early history until Last February evangelistic meet- the present time have kept the island ings were held at Jababa, Santiago, in a: constant state of turmoil. The Maca, Palmar, Salcedo, Barbaro, and unsettled conditions of governments Sanchez, and were very fruitful, for have prevented most of the mission about ninety persons were received boards ·from sending missionaries to as members or probationers. At these fields, so they have not been Moca, where there are two large so well cared for as have Cuba and Roman Catholic churches, the Prot- Porto Rico. The nominal religion estant workers before mentioned, of the island is Roman Catholicism. marched through the streets singing About twenty-four years ago, Rev. and giving short addresses in the S. E. Mills, a minister of the Free parks and on the corners of the Methodist Church, went to the Do- streets, and at evenings held their minican Republic, taking his family services in a building. At the first with him, and commenced work in evening services, while the mission- the interior on the north side. Later ary secretary was speaking stones other missionaries of the same church began to come against and on the joined him, but the. frequent revo- iron roof of the building. The Chief lutions have hindered the work, and of Police, however, later gave ade- some of the workers have been quate protection.

obliged to return home. The only other Protestant mission Some of the converts have been in Santa Domingo is carried on by organized into a Free Methodist the Women's Board of the African class at San Francisco de Macoris, Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, where a commodious church has been who have a station at San Pedro de built, a school building and mission- Macoris. In Haiti, the Seventh Day ary residences. This first Protestant Adventists are at Cape Haitien and church ever built in the interior of the southern Baptists and Protestant the island, was dedicated by the Rev. Episcopal societies have workers in B. Winget, Missionary Secretary, in Jacmel and Porto au Prince.

A Visit to a ] ungle Station

Siam* BY ROBERT E. SPEER Secretary of the Board of Foreign 1-Iissions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

AP TEANG is one of The Tap Teang station equip- ment consists at present of a resimT the newest stations of dencecompound for Dr. Dunlap and the Pre s b y t e ria n Mr. Snyder, a hospital compound for Church, in the prov- the hospital and residence (the gift ince of Trang on the Bay of Bengal side of of the Siamese high Commissoner), the lower Siam Peninsula. The station and a church compound on which it is the outgrowth of twenty-five years is desired to erect also a school for of itinerating work by Dr. and Mrs. boys and girls and a residence for Eugene P. Dunlap, who traveled up the unmarried women of the station.

and down these provinces when there The little mission school is the only were only jungle paths through the Christian school in the whole state forests and crazy little sailboats of Puket with its seven provinces along the coast. On one of Dr. belonging to the Tap Teang field.

Dunlap's first visits to Tap Teang Twenty or thirty children have al- village through a Christian Chinese ready gathered in the school and who had emigrated to the peninsula are delighted at the prospect which from Hong Kong, he met an old it has opened to them. There is a Siamese gentleman who, by his re- chance here not only to train Chris- flections upon natural religion and tian men and women for intelligent especially upon the wonder of the service as they go about their own structure of the human hand, had lives, but also to prepare teachers come to believe in a beneficent and for the Christian schools which fatherly creator. When he first should be scattered up and down heard the Gospel, he welcomed it as these provinces. The only schools the full revelation of the truth which available for the people now are the he had already dimly grasped. Forty unorganized, inefficient schools in the of this old man's descendants have Buddhist wats or temples. For sev- since come into the Christian Church eral years Dr. Dunlap, who is be- and now in the villages north and loved and honored by the Siam south there are scattered three hun- officials from the royal family down, dred baptized believers connected was superintendent of schools for with the central church in Tap the government in the Trang prov- Teang. Far and wide through a re- ince and was building up an efficient gion untouched by any other agencies system.

of Christianity, Dr. Dunlap and his As the little Christian school is companions are sowing the seed of the only center of such enlighten- the Gospel on fruitful soil. ment in these provinces. so the hos- • A Letter from Nakon Stritamarat, Siam, June 3, 1915.

pital is the only place of real succor and they would end by climbing up and relief to the sick and needy and on the platform. Forgetting all other its influence has gone out far and errands, they learned all they could wide. As we came away from of this new story to take back with Trang one of the passengers in our them to their villages. We saw the coach was an old priest from the seed of the 'Kingdom sown on abso- Chinese temple in Penang, conduct- lutely new soil and realized that each ing. a cocoanut grove now in the one of these old men would be the province of Trang for the benefit of beginning of a new work of evanhis temple. Robbers had pounded gelization. him up not long before, and only Miss Christianson's skilful care at This is mission work in its truest the hospital had brought him through. and purest and most Christ-like He and we had no common language form. It is the heroic pioneering in except our common appreciation of which men do not build 0'n other the Christ-like spirit and the skill 111¥n's foundations, but go out into of Miss Christianson, and our com- the heart of the jungles and lay rnon gratitude to the great Love t11ere the first stones of the walls which had brought her to Siam to of the city of God. The men and conditions vastly different from those women who are doing this w0'rk she had known at home. In Dr. have no borrowed glory, indeed, they Bulkley's absence there has been no do not know that they have any medical missionary in the station glory at all, but every hour there we since January a year ago, and for all saw the glory as of the messengers this time Miss Christianson has car- of God who forget themselves and ried the full responsibility, doing in whom the grace and truth of the critical surgical work at times simply heavenly spirit shine forth. This is because it had to be done, and there 110t the sort o:f missionary work was no one else to do it, and, singie- which exploits itself or is clever in handed, doing work which half a its aqvertising and appeal, but if dozen workers at home would not there is any work regarding which have undertaken. the Lord Jesus must be pleased and in which He must recognize to-day The morning of our last day in the very likeness of the work which Tap Teang we spent in the corner He did while He was here on earth, of the market, where the evangelists it is work like this at Tap Teang. preached to the people. It was fascinating to watch especially the old 'Vhat makes work like this possible men from the country drift by in the is love and faith in the hearts of throng and stop to listen. Then as men and women. Neither the slow they were caught by some word of toil of the years nor the wet miseries truth we would see them sit down of the jungle, nor the isolation and on the edge of the platform from loneliness could quench that love or which the evangelists spoke. As the quell that faith and now at last the truth was opened out these old men rich fruitage of peace and joy is would begin to nod assent, to ex- being gathered in. What greater press their delight, to ask questions, privilege could we have than to share yet more fully in this fruitage?

BLA.CK. gUSSIA «

lU SEA Vl eTABRI2. ~ RUMIA ~) ~ -J<A'2..B/N 0 't-'

HAMADANe ~ ~ y PROTESTANT MISSIONS ARABIA. INTHE TURKISH EMPIRE AND SURROUNDING COUNTRIES SHADED TERRITORY INDICATES ARMENIA. TOWNS WHERE MASSACRES AND DEPORT" ATIONS OFARMENIANS HAVe BeEN RE- POR.TEO-ARE UNDERLINED. • M I 551 ON STATIONS- – R.AI L ~OR OS

MISSIONS IN EUROPEAN AND ASIATIC TURKEY BEFORE THE

– I STATIONS , i I FOREIGN STAFF I I I NATIVE AGENCY CONGREGATIONS SCHOOLS MEDICAL MISSIONS .~ …; I .!2 .", ~" III ~ .o.-..l …. .~.~, ….. …. ~ :: :: ~ :: .e~.. . . .a .!2 .~ :: ·1 ~ ·..t i ….~.. ~" SOCIETIES ,/:, .·"S… .~ f! ~ .~ .j".. ~ ~" ~… 'i. :x": ~ -"l ~ II .0.. i 0 t; til 0 ~ "~ "'! It ~ ~ * Cl ~ ~ ~ ~ -.; ~" i ~ .~ ~ ….~.. ~~ ~ .~ R.

2: I .. .. .. .. . American Board ……………………………

Kaiserwerth Deaconesses' Homes ………………. 308 ! 55 14 65 ! 75 209 102 1015 192 15,748) 55,240 i13 1,865 437 24,146 9 11 134,357 .,. .. .. 32 , .. …. ·1 …….. …. 3 490 1 1 1,430 Lohmann's Armenian Aid Association …………… 5 10 9 j1 33 SO 6 71 108 …. .. . . . 1 . . . . . 1 .. 21 1,900 2 3 4,856 Dr. Lepsius' Germau Orient Mission …………….. 4 2 I, 1 2,848 2 . .. 1 7 1 5 … ….. ….. ,' .. . … 2 300 1 Friends' Armenian Mission ………………….. 1 ." 1 .. .. .. 2 , '" … … ….. ….. I .. …. 1 400 .. .. ……

98 100 .. …. 5 308 1 ….. ….. .. …. … ….. .. . American Reformed Presbyterians (Cililia and Cyprus) 3 " 321 2 .. 8 … 23 '" 1 7,888 British & Foreign Bible Society ……………….. 1 … 1 .. .. … 1 … … … …… .. American … Bible Society ·····················t···· 1 26 1 I .. .. … '" 26 … ….. . …. .. …. -'" ….. .. . ….. – – — — — – -'- – – – — – — — – – — TotaL ……………………………… 39 334 74 18 73 146 275 109 1140 300 15,846 55,340 113 1,865 469 27,534 14 17 151,379 Proteaiant Societies W orkinc in Turkey Mission Stations, or Places Where Mis- and Syria Before the War sionaries Reside 1. American Board of Commissioners (The figures refer to the Societies occupy- for Foreign Missions. ing each) 2. American Bible Society. Acre, 17. Jerusalem, 4, 17, 22, 3. Asia Minor Apostolic Institute.. Abeih, 7. 23, 32, 36. 4. Christian and Missionary Alliance. Adabazar, 1. 5. Friends' Foreign Missions Associa- Adana, 1. Kefr Yasif, 17. Adrianople, 15. Kessab, 1. tion of New England. Ain Karim, 4. Kochanes, 11. 6. Mennonite Church. Aintab,1. Konia,3. 7. Presbyterian Church, North. Alexandretta, 29. Kortcha, 1. 8. Reformed (Dutch) Church in Ameri- Aleppo, 27. Larnaca, 9, 22. Antioch, 29. Latakia, 9. ca. Baakleen, 28. Marash, I, 33. 9. Reformed Presbyterian Church. Baalbek, 18. Mardin, 1. 10. Seventh-day Adventists. Bagdad, 17. Marsovan, 1. 11. Archbishop's Mission to Assyrian Bardizag, 1, 10. Mersina,9. Busrah (Bassora), Monastir, 1. Christians. Mosul, 17. 12. Baptist Missionary Society. 8. Moush,33. 13. Beirut Orphanage. Beersheba, 4. Mt. of Olives, 17. 14. British and Foreign Bible Society. Beit Marl, ZO. Nablous, 12, 17. 15. British Jews' Society in Adrianople. Bethlehem, 17, 24. Nazareth, 17, 19. 16. British Syrian Mission Schools. Beirut, 7, 13, 14, 18, Nicosia, 9, 22. 17. Church Missionary Society. Oorfa, 1. 18. Church of Scotland Mission to Jews. 22,32. Ramallah, 5, 17. 19. Edinburgh Medical Mission Society. Bir Zeit, 17. Ramleh,17. 20. Friends' Foreign Mission Association Bitlis, 1. Ras el Meth, 20. Brousa, 1. Safed, 23, 31. of London. Brummana, 20. Salonica, 1. 21. Jaffa Medical Mission and Hospital. Cesarea, 1. She farner, 17. 22. Jerusalem and the East Mission. Constantinople, I, 2, Shemlan, 17. 23. London Society for the Propagation Shweifat, 25. 14, 18, 20, 23, 31, Sidon, 7. of Christianity Among Jews. 32. Sivas, 1. 24. Miss Dunn's Home. Damascus, 18, 19, Smyrna, I, 18, 23,32. 25. Miss Proctor's Mission and Schools. 23, 310. Suk el Ghurb, 7. 26. North African Mission. El Mouktareh, 18. Tarsus, 1. 27. Presbyterian Church of England. Erzerum, 1. Tiberias, 31. 28. Palestine and Lebanon Nurses' Mis- Es Salt, 17. Tirana, 1. Famagusta, 22. Trebizond, 1. sion. Gaza,17. Tripoli (Africa), 26- 29. Reformed Presbyterian Church of Hadjin, 1,6. Tripoli (Syria), 7. Haifa, 17, 22, 23, 35. Tyre,18. Ireland and Scotland. Harput, I, 33. Van, I, 11,33. 30. Tabeetha Mission Schools. Hasbeiya, 18. Zahleh,7. 31. United Free Church of Scotland. Hebron, 4, 31. 310. Presbyterian Church of Ireland. Jaffa, 4, 17, 2f, 23, 32. Deaconesses of Kaiserwerth. 30,35. 33. German Hiilfsbund. 34. German Orient Society. 35. J udischer Verein. 36. Moravian Church.

Assassination of

THE TURKISH PROGRAM OF ANNIHILATION DESCRIBED BY GOVERN- MENT REPRESENTATIVES, TEACHERS, MISSIONARIES, AND OTHER EYEWITNESSES ~T HE most brutal, the~ sible for the systematic program of most ruthless, the most extermination. Is not Germany also ~ inexcusable, and the responsible-if not for inciting the most widespread mas- outrage, at least for failure to de- sacres of Christians in mand that Turkey, her ally, imme- the last one thousand diately put an end to these butcher- ies. Turkey would not dare to conyears are deluging Armenia with the tinue a course that would involve the loss of German military and financial blood of men, women, and children. support.

Whole villages are wiped out by fire, The following is the text of the government order covering the case. sword, and deportation. It seems Art. 2d. "The commanders of the army, of independent army corps, evident that this movement against and of divisions may, in case of mili- tary necessity, and in case they susthe Armenians is part of a concerted pect espionage or treason, send away, singly or in mass, the inhabitants of scheme against all non-Turkish and villages or town, and install them in other places." Christian inhabitants of Turkey. It The original orders to commanders is estimated that already 800,000 have may have been reasonably humane; but the execution of them has been for perished at the hands of the Turks the most part cruelly harsh, and in many cases accompanied by horrible and Kurds in their fiendish "Holy brutality to women and children, to the sick and the aged. Whole vil- War." In the massacres of 1895-6 lages were deported at an hour's no- tice, with no opportunity to prepare under the Sultan Abdul-Hamid II., for the journey, not even, in some cases, to gather together the scattered according to carefully prepared sta- members of the family, so that little children were left behind. tistics, 88,243 Armenians, of whom The accounts of the sorrows of Arabout IO,OOO were Protestants, were menia are harrowing reading. -Many of -the facts have already been pubmurdered; more than 500,000 robbed lished. VIle gather many of them here that the readers of the REVIEW may of all they possest; 2,493 villages make them a subject of sympathetic and towns were plundered; 568 churches, of which 50 were Protes- tant, were pillaged and destroyed, and 282 others were turned into mosques.

In many places the victims were of- fered the choice between death and Islam and unhesitatingly chose to die rather than to give up even the little light that most of them possest. In 1909, soon after the Young Turks came into power, there were 5,000 or more who died in the Adana onslaught for which the government disclaimed responsibility. To-day, however, the Young Turk government is respon-

prayer, and that some may be led to people was manifestly a part of a campaign of extermination. give financial help toward the relief of the surviving widows and July ro. Persecution of Arme- nians assuming unprecedented proorphans.* portions. Reports from widely scat- tered regions indicate systematic at- For obvious reasons the names of tempt to uproot peaceful Armenian populations, and through arbitrary arthe various writers can not be given rests, terrible tortures, wholesale exat this time. These are known to pulsions and deportations from one end of the empire to the other, acthe American Committee, who vouch companied by frequent instances of rape, pillage, and murder, turning for them and their statements. In into massacre, to bring destitution and destruction upon them. This is most cases it is necessary to conceal not in response to fanatical .or popu- lar demand, but is purely arbitrary, the place from which the statements and directed from Constantinople. Untold misery, disease, starvation and were written, and even the name of loss of life will go on unchecked. _ .

the cities and towns referred to, in July 16. "Deportation of and ex- cesses against peaceful Armenians are order that the writer or his inter- increasing, and from harrowing re- ports of eye-witnesses it appears ests may not suffer irreparable that a campaign of race exterminaharm. tion is in progress." Protests and threats are unavailing and probably Documentary Evidence incite the Ottoman government to more drastic measures, as they are VVe quote from a few of the docu- determined to disclaim responsibility for their absolute disregard of capituments which are in the possession of lations, and I believe nothing short of actual force, which obviously the Unithe American Committee: ted States is not in a position to ex- ert, would adequately meet the situa- The reports of persecution, plun- tion.

der, and massacre of Armenians in July 31. "Armenians, mostly wo- men and children, deported from the the interior parts of the country be- Erzroom district, have been massa- cred near Kemakh, between Erzroom gan to come in April, when the scat- and Harpoot." Similar reports from other sources, that probably few of tering of large numbers of innocent these refugees wilI reach their des- tination. . . . * A special American Committee of eminent In many cases the men were (those Americans has investigated the reports, and while of military age were nearly all in the the sources of information must be withheld for the present. the committee vouches for the truth of the statements. This committee includes the Right Rev. David H. Greer, Protestant Episcopal Bishop of the Diocese of N ew York; Oscar S. Straus, former Secretary of Commerce and Labor, and ex· Ambassador to Turkey; Cleveland H. Dodge, of Phelps, Dodge & Co.; the Rev. Dr. Stephen S. Wise, Rabbi of the Free Synagog, New York; Charles R. Crane. of Chicago. Vice·Chairman of the Finance Committee of the Democratic National Committee during the last campaign; Arthur Curtiss James. Director of many railroads and of the Hanover National Bank, the United States Trust Company, and of Phelps, Dodge & Co.; the Rev. Dr. Prank Mason North, of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church; /ohn R. Mott, of the International Committee 0 the Young Men's Christian Association; William W. Rockhill former Ambassador to Turkey and former Ambassador to Russia; William Sloane, Presi· dent of W. & J. Sloane, 575 Fifth Avenue; the Rev. 'Dr. Edward Lincoln Smith, of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions; the Rev. Dr. Frederick Lynch, of the New York Peace Society; George A. PlImpton, of Ginn & Co., a trustee of Constantinople College; the Rev. Dr. James L. Barton, for many years a missionary in Turkey, and now the Secretary of the American Board of Commissjoners for Foreign Missions; the Rev. Dr. William J. Haven. one of tl)e fou'!.

ders of the Epworth League; Stanley White, Sec· retary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions; Professor Samuel P. Dutton, an authority on Balkan affairs.

Gifts for the relief of survivors may be sent to Chas. R. Crane, Treasurer, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York.

ASSASSINATION OF

army) bound tightly together with places added to this feeling. The ropes or chains. Women with little special Armenian troubles began in children in their arms, or in the last the beginning of May. In the middle days of pregnancy, were driven along of the night about 20 of the leadunder the whip like cattle. Three ing men of the national Armenian different cases came under my knowl- political parties were gathered up edge where the woman was delivered and sent to where they have been on the road, and because her brutal imprisoned ever since. In June the driver hurried her along she died of government began looking for weaphemorrhage. I also know of one case ons. Some of the Armenians were where the gendarme in charge was a seized, and, by torture, the confession humane man, and allowed the poor was extracted that a large number of woman several hours' rest, and then arms were in the hands of different procured a wagon for her to ride in. Armenians. A second inquisition be- Some women became so completely gan. The bastinado was used freworn out and hopeless that they left quently, as well as fire torture (in their infants beside the road. Many some cases eyes are said to have been women and girls have been outraged. put out). Many guns were delivered, At one place the commander of gen- but not all. The people were afraid darmerie openly told the men to that if they gave up their arms, they whom he consigned a large company would be massacred as in 1895. Arms that they were at liberty to do what had been brought in after the declarathey chose with the women and tion of the constitution with the pergirls. . . . mission of the government, and were for self-defense only. The torture The Use of Torture continued, and under its influence one fact after another leaked out. The trouble for the Armenians be- Under the nervous strain and physical gan, as for all other nationalities, suffering many things were said with the collection of soldiers. The which had no foundation in fact. government swept off all men possible Those inflicting the torture would for military service. Hundreds of tell the victim what they expected him the bread-winners marched away, to confess, and then beat him until leaving their wives and children with- he did it. The college mechanic had out means of support. In many cases constructed an iron "shot" for the the last bit of money was given to athletic games, and was beaten terfit out the departing soldier, leaving ribly in an effort to fasten the making the family in a pitifully destitute con- of bombs on the college. Some bombs dition. A number of Armenians were discovered in the Armenian were quite well off and paid their cemetery, which aroused the fury of military exemption fee. A much the Turks to white heat. It should larger number escaped in one way be said that it is very probable that and another, so there were more Ar- these bombs had been buried there in menians than Turks left in the city the clays of Abdul Hamid. . . . after the soldiers had gone. This made the government suspicious and Through the intervention of a fearful. The discovery of Armenian Turk, the college was able to free plots against the government in other

those of its teachers already taken, with people petitioning to become and obtain a stay of proceedings Mohammedans. Many did it for the against all of its teachers and employ- sake of their women and children, ees, by the payment of the sum of 275 feeling that it would be a matter of Turkish liras. Later this same Turk only a few weeks before relief would said that he believed that he could come.

obtain the permanent exemption of This deportation continued at in- the entire college by the payment of tervals for about two weeks. It is a further sum of 300 liras. The estimated that out of about 12,000 money was promised, but after some Armenians in – – – , only a few hun- negotiations, which shewed that no dred were left. Even those who definite assurance of exemption offered to accept Islam were sent would be forthcoming, the matter was away. . .

dropt. Dragged to Exile Panic and Outrage June 28, 19I5.

The panic in the city was terrible. I ,vish to inform you of conditions The people felt that the government here. They are very bad and daily was determined to extermi:1ate the getting worse. I suppose —- told Armenian race, and they were power- you of the horrible things taking less to resist. The people were sure place in – – – . Just such a reign that the men were being killed and of terror has begun in this city also.

the women kidnapped. Many of the Daily the police are searching the convicts in the prison had been re- houses of the Armenians for weap- leased, and the mountains around ons, and not finding any, they are – – – were full of bands of outlaws. taking the best and most honorable It was feared that the women and men and imprisoning them; some of children were taken some distance them they are exiling, and others from the city and left to the mercy they are torturing with red hot irons of these men. However that may be, to make them reveai the supposedly there are provable cases of the kid- concealed weapons. Four weeks ago napping of attractive young girls by they exiled IS men and their families, the Turkish officials of – – – . One sending them to the desert city of Moslem reported that a gendarme had —, three days' journey south of offered to sell him two girls for a here.

mejidieh. The women believed that The Gendarmerie Department seems they were going to worse than death, to have full control of affairs and and many carried poison in their pock- the Mutessarif upholds them. They ets to use if necessary. Some car- are now holding about 100 of the ried picks and shovels to bury those best citizens of the city in prison, and they knew would die by the wayside. to-day the gendarmerie chief called During this reign of terror notice was the Armenian Bishop and told him given that escape was easy; that any that unless the Armenians deliver one who accepted Islam would be their arms and the revolutionists allowed to remain safely at home. among them, that he has orders to The offices of the lawyers who re- exile the entire Armenian population corded applications were crowded of – – – ~.S they did the people of

ASSASSINATION OF

We know how the latter been brutally deported, deprived of were treated, for hundreds of them all their possessions, to the deserts of have been dragged through – – – Mesopotamia. A great number of on their way to the desert whither families have embraced Mohammed- they have been exiled. These poor anism to escape a certain death.

exiles were mostly women, children A Widow'. Story and old men, and they were clubbed and beaten and lashed along as tho A week before anything was done they had been wild animals, and their to – – – , the villages all around had women and girls were daily crimin- been emptied and their inhabitants had ally outraged, both by their guards become victims of the gendarmes and and the ruffians of every village marauding bands. Three days before through which they passed, as the the starting of the Armenians from former allowed the ,latter to enter – – – , after a week's imprisonment, the camp of the exiles at night, and Bishop – – – had been hanged, with even distributed the girls among the seven other notables. After these villagers for the night. These poor hangings, seven or eight other no- victims of their oppressors' lust and tables were killed in their own houses hate might better have died by the for refusing to go out of the tity.

bullet in their mountain home than Seventy or eighty other Armenians, be dragged about the country iu this after being beaten in prison, were way. About 2,000 of them have taken to the woods and killed. The passed through – – – , all more dead Armenian population of – – – was than alive; many hundreds have died sent off in three batches; I was from starvation and abuse along the among the third batch. My husband roadside, and nearly all are dying of died eight years ago, leaving me and starvation, thirst, or being kidnapped my eight-year-old daughter and my by the Anaza Arabs in the desert mother extensive possessions, so that where they have been taken. We we were living in comfort. Since know how they are being treated be- mobilization began, the – – – com- cause our – – – exiles are in the mandant has been living in my house same place, and one young Armenian free of rent. He told me not to go, doctor, who was there making medi- but I felt I must share the fate of cal examinations of soldiers for the my people. I took three horses with government, has returned and told me, loaded with provisions. My us. . . . daughter had some five-lira pieces The Young Turk government pur- around her neck, and I carried some sues unceasingly, and every day with twenty liras and four diamond rings added violence, the war to the finish on my person. All else that we had that it has declared against its Ar- was left behind. Our party left menian SUbjects. The provinces in- June 1st (old style), fifteen gen- habited by Armenians, which were darmes going with us. The party already under the reign of inde- numbered four or five hundred per- scribable terror, have been evacuated sons. We had got only two hours by force. Thus the Armenian com- away from home, when bands of munities, – – – and – – – , have villagers and brigands in large num-

bers, with rifles, guns, axes, etc., she would not be separated from me. surrounded us on the road, and Finally we were both taken into their robbed us of all we had. The gen- wagons on our promising to become darmes took my three horses and Moslems. As soon as we entered the sold them to Turkish mouhadjirs, araba, they began to teach us how to pocketing the money. They took my be Moslems, and changed our names, money and that from my daughter's calling me – – – and her – – – . neck, also all our food. After this they separated the men, one by one, **** and shot them all within six or seven days-every male over IS years of The Plight of the Exiles age. By my side were killed two priests, one of them over 90 years If it were simply a matter of being of age. These bandsmen took all the obliged to leave here to go somegood-lookin~ women and carried where else, it would not be so bad, them off on their horses. Very many but everybody knows it is a case of women and girls were thus carried going to one's death. If there was off to the mountains, among them my any doubt about it, it has been resister, whose one-year-old baby they moved by the arrival of a number threw away; a Turk picked it up and of parties, aggregating several thoucarried it off, I know not where. My sand people, from Erzroom and Ermother walked till she could walk no zinggan. I have visited their enfarther, and dropt by the roadside on campment a number of times and a mountain-top. We found on the talked with some of the people. A road many of those who had been in more pitiable sight can not be imagthe previous sections carried from ined. They are, almost without ex- – – – ; some women were among the ception, ragged, filthy, hungry, and killed, with their husbands and sons. sick. That is not surprizing, in view We also came across some old peo- of the fact that they have been on ple and little infants still alive but the road for nearly two months, with in a pitiful ,condition, having shouted no change of clothing, no chance to their voices away. We were not al- wash, no shelter, and little to eat. lowed to sleep at night in the vil- The government has been giving lages, but lay down outside. Under them some scanty rations here. I cover of the night indescribable deeds watched them one time when their were committed by the gendarmes, food was brought. Wild animals bandsmen, and villagers. Many of could not be worse. They rushed us died from hunger and strokes of upon the guards who carried the food apoplexy. Others were left by the and the guards beat them back with roadside, too feeble to go on. clubs, hitting hard enough to kill them sometimes. To watch them one One morning we saw fifty to sixty could hardly believe that these peawagons with about thirty Turkish pIe were human beings. widows, whose husbands had been killed in the war; and these were go- As one walks through the camp, ing to Constantinople. These women mothers offer their children and beg wanted to take my daughter, too, but one to take them. In fact, the Turks have been taking their choice of these children and girls for slaves, or

5] THE ASSASSINATION OF

worse. In fact, they have even had Lord Bryce's statements are contheir doctors there to examine the firmed by reports which come direct more likely girls and thus secure the from those who have firsthand best ones. knowledge.

There are very few men among Of the Armenian people as a whole them, as most of them have been one third or more are gone, and this killed on the road. All tell the same third includes the leaders in every story of having been attacked and walk of life, merchants, professional robbed by the Kurds. Most of them men, preachers, bishops, and Governwere attacked over and over again, ment officials. There is no certainty and a great number of them, especial- for those who are just now free. It ly the men, were killed. Women and is only temporary measures, such children were also killed. Many died, as bribes or special favors, that' have of course, from sickness and exhaus- secured postponement. tion on the way, and there have been deaths each day that they have been "It seems possible that something here. Several different parties have can be done to save those few who are arrived and, after remaining a day left. Permission has recently been obor two, have been pushed on with no tained through the German Embassy apparent destination. Those who for those connected with the German have reached here are only a small Mission, teachers and their families, portion, however, of those who orphans and servants, a circle of sevstarted. By continuing to drive these eral hundred, to remain. It is time people on in this way it will be pos- that America take whatever steps are sible to dispose of all of them in a possible to secure permission through comparatively short time. the American Ambassador for the remnant of the Armenians to remain A Plea for Intervention in their homes or to escape unharmed to more hospitable territory.

Viscount Bryce, formerly British American Missionary Interests * Ambassador to the United States, has made, through the Associated America has more interest in Tur- Press, a powerful plea that America key than any other country, or posshould try to stop the Armenian sibly than all Europe together. This slaughter. Lord Bryce is not one to interest is not political, but huma.nimisstate or exaggerate facts. Among tarian. In r8r9 the American Board other things, he says: "In Trebizond of Commissioners for Foreign Mis- City, where the Armenians numbered sions began work in the Ottoman over ten thousand, orders came from Empire, and has now for nearly a Constantinople to seize all Arme- century prosecuted that work with nians. Troops hunted them, drove vigor and statesman-like foresight and them to the shore, took them to sea, breadth. The missionaries have threw them overboard, and drowned introduced into the country the printthem all-men, women, and children. ing,press and a periodical literature, This was seen and described by the modern medicine and sanitation, the Italian Consul." • Paragraph quoted from The Outlook.

modern hospital, new industries and night and was severely beaten several commercial enterprises, and western times. About June 20th he was taken education, culminating in the well-or- out toward Diarbekir and murdered ganized colleges and graduate schools. in a general massacre on the road.

Some of these institutions are: the "Professor Nahigian, who had stud- Syrian Protestant College at Beirut, ied at Ann Arbor, was arrested about with its graduate schools; Robert Col- June 5th and shared Professor Tene- lege at Constantinople; and the Con- kejian's fate on the road.

stantinople College for Girls, each one "Professor Vorperian a Princeton of these incorporated in the United man, was taken to see a man beaten States and possessing a plant worth almost to death. He started into exile more than a million dollars. Besides under guard with his family, about these institutions of international re- July 5th, and was murdered beyond pute there are others, like the Inter- Malatia.

national College at Smyrna, Anatolia "Professor Boojicanian, an Edin- College at Marsovan, Teachers' Col- burgh graduate, was arrested with lege at Sivas, Euphrates College at Professor Tenekejian, suffered the Harput, Van College at Van, Aintab same tortures, and in addition had College at Aintab, Central Turkey three finger-nails pulled out by the College for Women at Marash, the roots, and was killed in the same American Collegiate Institute for massacre.

Girls at Smyrna, St. Paul's College "Of the female instructors one is re- at Tarsus, and, in addition, three ported killed in Chunkoosh, one re- times that number of high schools ported taken' to a Turkish harem; and academies with their intermediate three have not been heard from; four and preparatory schools dotting the others started out into exile, and ten country from Smyrna to Persia, and are free.

{rom the Black Sea to Arabia. The Armenians as a people have Among the many institutions to suf- been the most responsive to the ap- fer is the American Mission College peals of modern education. The ma- at Harput. One of the reliable in- jority of the 25,000 students in the formants writes: "Approximately schools north of Syria have been two-thirds of the girl pupils, and six- from this historic and virile race.

sevenths of the boys have been taken Thousands have taken graduate away to death, exile, or Moslem courses in the United States. It can homes. Of our professors four are be said that America discovered the gone and three are left. Armenian race and introduced it to "Professor Tenekejian, who was the Western World. It is, therefore, the Protestant representative of the eminently fitting that at this time of Americans with the Government, was death-struggle America should be the arrested on May I st. No charge was first to lift its voice in protest, and the made against him, but the hair of his 1110st ready to offer its help to save head, mustache and beard was pulled this nation from annihilation.

out in a vain effort to secure damag- There are some four hundred ing confessions. He was starved and Americans now in Turkey connected hung by the arms for a day and a with the various boards and institu-

ASSASSINATION OF

tions. With these are associated fully believe (and among these are the ten times that number of trained na- missionaries in large numbers, as well tives, mostly Armenians, Greeks, and as others) that Enver Pasha is under Syrians, all engaged in conducting a the pay of the Kaiser.

work that aims at bringing to that Who are the Armenians?· country the blessings of a Christian civilization. These Americans are In the strict use of the term, there remaining at their posts, endeavoring is no Armenia at the present day.

in every way in their power to re- The name is not used either politi- lieve and save their people. cally or geographically with refer- Upon the Armenian!> and the ence to a definite territory. When Greeks the blow is falling, but there used, the name refers in general to have been intimations that the Jews' a region centering about Lake Van turn will soon come. There are many in Asiatic Turkey, and extending indications that the Turks as a whole thence north and southwest. Ancient entertain no hostile feelings toward Armenia was a country whose bounds the Armenians and the Greeks, continually changed with the fortunes and would not carry out these drastic of war. The greater part of the remeasures of extermination were they gion now lies within the Turkish not forced to do so. Some have de- Empire, and is also called Kurdisclared that the measures are un-Mo- tan. This region contains only a hammedan, and so contrary to the fraction of the Armenian race. It is teachings of their religion. inhabited by Turks, Armenians, Rus- sians,' Persians, 'Kurds Circassians, In many places the local Turkish ;reeks, Nestorians, Yezidees, Syrauthorities have emphatically pro- ians, and Jews. tested. The Governor of – – – was called to Constantinople to answer to The early history of the Armethe charge of not obeying orders in nians is so mixed with myth and legcarrying out the drastic measures of end that the truth is difficult to find. the central government. Others have During the Assyrian and Median petold the missionaries that the meas- riods there was evidently a great orures were most cruel and unneces- ganized monarchy, with a strong milisary and even disastrous to the coun- tary power, in the Lake Van basin. try, but they were finally forced to At times they were formidable eneobey. Lenient and unwilling gover- mies of the Medes. This country was 10rs were transferred, like the one well known to the Assyrians as early at – – – , in whose place was in- as the ninth century B.C. It was in- habited by four races-the Mairi, the stalled the Governor of –, who U rarda, Minni, and the Hittites.

had already carried out with vigor These races appear to have main- the order of massacre and exter- tained the;r independence until the mination. time of Assur-bani-pal, about 640 So far as can be ascertained, the n.c., when the last king of this se- two Turkish officers, Enver Pasha ries succumbed to the Assyrian yoke.

and Talaat Bey, are the source of these measures. There are many who • Information gathered from the 'Encyclopedia of Missions.

But, at the time of Herodotus, every- It was the constant effort of Persia thing seems to indicate that a strange to subvert Armenian Christianity and people had entered the land, bringing establish Magianism in its stead. To with them a new language, new this end, cruel persecutions were un- names and customs, and a new re- dertaken, and frequent incursions ligion. The source from which they were made. From 632 to 859 A.D.

came is doubtful. Herodotus and Armenia was the scene of almost in- Stephen believe they came from cessant struggle between the Eastern Phrygia, while their language and Empire and the Mohammedans, and religion would indicate Media. One it became by turn subject to each.

thing is certain: the old Turanians It maintained its independence until had ceased to rule, and the Armenian 1375, when the last Armenian king, race had been formed, which is un- Leo VI., was captured by the Egyp- doubtedly a mixture of the ruling tians and banished.

Aryan tribes with the primitive Tu- From this time Armenia lost its ranian populations. (The word "Ar- separate national existence. The menia," used in Isaiah 37 : 38 greater part of the country was an- and 2 Kings I9: 37, is an incorrect nexed to Turkey, while the eastern translation for "the land of Ara- section remained subject to Persia, rat.") Armenian histories describe and the northeast to Russia. Russia the events of some sixteen centuries took another large section of Ar- respecting which contemporary evi- menia in 1878.

dence has not yet been found. Ac- In moral traits the Armenian com- cording to them, the first ruler of Ar- pares favorably with the other races menia was Haik, the son of Togar- of the East. The Armenians are . mah, the son of Gomar, the son of cultivators of the soil, artizans, mer- Japheth, the son of Noah. The Ar- chants, and bankers. They are per- menian histories also narrate that at severing, and shrewd in financial the time of the captivity of Israel a dealings. In Asiatic Turkey the certain number of the Hebrews es- Greeks alone can compare with them caped to the mountains of Armenia in trades, professions, business abil- and intermarriages took place. Later ity, and general intelligence. In .spite the· Armenian king, Kikran (Ti- of the general increase of poverty granes), was the friend and ally of throughout Turkey, the Armenians, Cyrus. His successor was Vahakn, up to the period of massacres of celebrated in song and story for his I895-96, held their own better than great victories, and deified after the other races. The number of Ar- death. menians in the world is estimated at In 67 B.C. Armenia became an ally from 2,000,000 to 3,000,000, two- of Rome, but rebelling, their king, thirds of whom reside in Turkey.

Ardavaz, was captured by Pompey The remainder are in Russia, Persia, and beheaded in Alexandria by Cleo- India, China, Africa, Europe, North patra, 30 B.C., and the country became and South America, and other coun- tributary to Rome. The country was tries. Up to the present time the na- in turmoil for two and a half cen- tion has preserved its individuality to turies thereafter. a remarkable degree, resembling in

ASSASSINATION OF

this respect, as in others, the Jews. of the Armenian beliefs are the fol- With their dispersal throughout the lowing: world, however, the Armenians intermarry with other races, and a dis- I. They believe the Spirit protinct tendency to race disintegration ceeds from the Father only. has appeared. 2. They accept seven sacraments, The Armeni'an Church and Beliefs altho in practise, baptism, confirma- tion, and unction are intermingled. Armenian writers claim that the Armenian Church goes back to the 3. They baptize infants eight days time of Christ. One Abgar or Ab- old or less by threefold immersion, garus, King of Edessa, is said by immediately offering them the com- Moses of Khorene, the Armenian munion. historian, to have been converted by hearing of the wonderful works of 4. They accept transubstantia- Jesus, and to have been baptized by tion, and worship the consecrated ele- Thaddeus, one of the seventy disci- ments as God. ples first sent out as missionaries. This Abgar is held by the Arme- S. They use unleavened bread, nians to have been their king, altho which is dipt in the wine and given Tacitus caJJs him King of the Arabs. to the people, who receive it into the It was not, however, until the mouth from the hand of the priest. fourth century that the Armenian nation as a whole accepted Christianity. 6. They pray for the dead, but At the beginning of that century Gre- deny Purgatory. gory the Illuminator preached at the Court of Armenia with such effect 7. They practise auricular conthat from that day to this Chris- fession to the priest, who imposes tianity has been the national religion penance and grants absolution, but of the Armenians. For this reason gives no indulgences. the Armenian Church is often called "The Gregorian Church." The Ar- 8. They pray to the Virgin and menians themselves, however, call it to the saints, and have great faith "The Church of the Illuminator (Lu- in their mediation. With the Greeks, savorchagan) ." they reject images and accept pic- tures. Persecution, as usual, only served to endear the Church to the people, 9. They believe in the perpetual and from that time it has been iden- virginity of Mary, "the Mother of tified with their nationality. Under God." Turkish rule each religious body is also a political organism. The Arme- 10. They regard baptism and renian Chur,ch is little more than that generation as the same thing, and at present. It is, therefore, insep- have no practical conception of a new arably identified with the race, and is birth. All are saved who partake of pervaded by much of the corruption the sacraments, do proper penance, of Oriental Christianity. observe the fasts of the Church, and perform good works. Among the leading characteristics I!. Original sin is believed to be removed by baptism, actual sin by confession and penance.

Services are held in the churches every morning at sunrise and each evening at sunset throughout the year.. The altar is invariably toward the

east. The sacrament of the Lord's sive with the Armenian race, so that Supper is observed twice a week, but one who withdraws from the Church the people partake usually only twice rej ects his nationality. (2) The a year. Mass is observed as one of Church is already nominally Christhe formal rites of the Church. Con- tian, but Christian life has little relafession to the priest is a necessary tion to the Christian profession. (3) preparation for participation. The poverty and oppression suffered by Armenians, and Oriental penuri- Originally the Church was under ousness. (4) The turning of young one spiritual head, the Catholicos, men to the Western world, as a refwho was the general bishop. He re- uge from oppression and massacre, sided at first at Sivas, but later con- and the consequent emigration of tentions arose, and with them divi- large numbers of the best youth. sions, until now there are three who hold his office. The Catholicos alone There have, however, been special can ordain bishops and consecrate the encouragements to the work among sacred oil which is used in the vari- Armenians. These include: (I) The ous ceremonies of the Church. religious nature of the race, and the fact that they accept the Bible as the Besides the Catholicos, there are in Word of God. (2) The general de- Turkey two patriarchs, one of whom sire for education. (3) The peculiar resides at Constantinople and one at relation of the Armenians to the Jerusalem. These offices were estab- 14,000,000 of other races among lished by Mohammedan authority for whom they dwell, and who must be political purposes alone. The patriarch reached largely through the evanmust have a bishop's office eccle- gelized Armenian Church. (4) Since siastically, but to this is added con- mission work began among the Arsiderable influence with the govern- menians, there has been a gradual rement and over all Gregorian Arme- jection of their superstitions and of nians in civil matters. The Patriarch their reliance upon rites, and a of Constantinople is, by virtue of his marked awakening in the line of office, the recognized civil head of the education. (5) Of late years, owing Armenian Church in Turkey. The to the urgent demands of the people priests are married, and must have a for the Gospel preaching, the bishops wife at the time of ordination, but and sometimes the priests and teachcan never remarry. The priest can ers, preach, and their sermons are not become a bishop unless· his wife often evangelical in tone and full of dies. wholesome advice. Some twenty thousand Armenians in Turkey are Evangelical Missions in Armenia members of Evangelical Christian churches and many others have be- There have been many obstacles to come enlightened through the work evangelical missionary work among of Protestant missionaries. Armenians. Among these are: ( I ) The idea that the church is co-cxten-

Christ's Conditions of

BY THE REV. JOHN HENRY JOWETT, D.D. Pastor of the Fifth Avenue P,-esbyte,-jan CllUrcD, New York NE hundred years ago the shall we begin the Christianizing of our thoughts? I JO American and British people signed the famons Our God treaty which ushered in the century of peace. First, we must Christianize our con- Difficulties have been ception of God. "He that hath seen Me met in good sense and self-restraint, and hath seen the Father." Our conception as Mr. Bryce has said, "Whenever there of God must begin and end in Christ our were mad manners in London there was good temper at Washington, and when Lord. Our conception must not be n. there was a storm on the Potomac, there was calm on the Thames." c. or A. D., but C. What shall we think Now at the end of the hundred years about God? Just what Jesus Christ ,ethere is a spectacle unprecedented in the veals. Lately we have been using the word history of the world, four thousand miles "God" without its Christian content. We of frontier line, invisible, undefended, have been going back to the Old Testawithout fortresses, without cannon, with- ment for our conception of God, and out military patrols; but marked hy even back to the early records of the Old happy homesteads and prosperous farms, Testament, back to the twilight of reveand stretching through almost endless lation, back to the God revealed in the leagues of waving grain. That U11- world's childhood, back to the e)emenguarded line is the most significant line tary standards, back to the time of the on the surface of the earth to-day, and first syllable, before the fuller Word had its profound significance lies in the won- yet been spoken. derful fact that it can not be seen. We have been opprest by the way What about the next hundred years? in which the name of God has been How is the shy, delicate genius of peace, used in the course of the present war. which is so easily offended and driven But what has been the value of the into exile, to be strongly and intimately name? By no chance have I seen him settled among us, and not only among called "the Father" in the invocations of the English-speaking peoples, but among kings or Kaiser. By no chance have I all the peoples of the globe? seen him addrest as Christ. No, it is the name of "God" robbed and emptied What is the guiding Word of God? of its Christ significance. It is the early "He that hath seen Me hath seen the Old Testament God, the God of battles, Father." We are tragically forgetting the Lord of Hosts. It is God, minLIS this word, and erasing it from our Christ! theories, and ignoring it in our practise. The significance is this: Christ is the The Old Testament is the wonderful ultimate expression of eternal realities. record of the slow education of a par- In Christ we see things as they really ticular people. The revelation begins in are. All our thinking must begin with the dawn, in the mist and dull haze d what He has revealed. If we would passing night, and the day brightens and secure lasting peace our thought-molds broadens until the full sun rises in Jesus must be Christianized. Where, then, Christ our Lord. Here is one of the things of the early twilight: "Eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, burning for burning, wound for

wound, stripe for stripe." That is where "Ye are all the children of God by * we are to-day; but that is not one of the faith in Jesus Christ.* * There is things revealed to us in Christ. Listen neither Jew nor Greek."

to our Lord: "But I say unto you, love "There is no difference between the your enemies." We have gone back co Jew and the Greek, for the same Lord the twilight for standards for the noon. over all is rich unto all that call upon This is one of the most deadly prac- him."

tical heresies of our time. We have un- "Where there is neither Greek nor christianized the name of God, and the Jew, Barbarian nor Scythian."

first and paramount necessity, if we arc How vast is the contrast between this ever to establish a lasting peace, is to conception and the one which I have restore that name to its Christian value. just named! But does the Christ-con- When we use the word "God" it must be ception wipe out the element of nation· Jesus whom we see. "He that hath seen ality and disregard it? By no means. It Me hath seen the Father." We shall disregards nationality as an ultimate, it never have peace until the God we wor- honors nationality as a mediate; it mag- ship, and to whom we offer our prayer, nifies nationality as a means; it rejects is the Lord and Father of us all, re- nationality as an end. Christianity con- vealed to us in the word and life and ceives national differences as the in- death of our Lord and Savior Jesus tended ministers of a richer union.

Christ. Nationality is not an orchestra, it is'only Our Nationality an instrument. Nationality is not a com- Another conception which needs to he plete picture, it is only a tint in the Christianized if an abiding peace is to making of a picture. In Christian teachmake her home among the children of ing endowments are specialized for the sake of a larger and general service. men is our conception of nationality. The nation is the servant of the race. Here again we can choose to live in the dim, hazy twilight, or in the fuller noon. Christianity, therefore, seeks to create We can choose to live in the early Old and nourish "the international mind." It Testament with Moses and Joshua, or is the mind which escapes from its own in the New Testament with Jesus Christ. national emphasis and moves sympa- We can do our thinking about nation- thetically over the universal field. That ality among the primitive standards, or is not a conception which disparages the we can go into the high school of Christ. unique endowments of a nation. Chris- tianity says: Cultivate your national Now where shall we get our thought gifts to the last degree of strength and molds of race and nationality? Shall refinement. Practise the mastery of we get them from Samson or from your own instrument to the last degree Christ? It is my deep conviction that of power, but always hold in view as the much of our evil practises have arisen aim of the mastery the enrichment of the from our unchristian thinking about racial orchestra of which you form a these things. We have wiped out the vital part. It is this Christianized con- Christian revelations and standards. We ception of nationality which is imperhave ignored Christ, and we pursue our atively needed in the world to-day if we thinking as tho He had never been. The are to enjoy the purposed relations of consequence is, our conception of nation. universal peace. ality is too often tribal and exclusive.

That is Old Testament thinking. It is Our Politics not the Christianized thought of the Another conception which needs to be New. Christianized, if human affairs are to lie Turn to the Christian revelation. in the bosom of peace, is our conception

of politics. Politics has become a de- ception of life. This is too often matebased word. It originally meant the rial and barbaric. It moves on the plane science and art of government. It meant where envy and jealousy breed, where the regulation of man in all his relations misunderstandings multiply, where strife as the member of a nation and a state. is engendered, and where fiery war springs to sudden birth. rt was a science and an art with large What, then, is life? Is it a collection ideals, and with correspondingly noble of things, or is it a set of relations? Is endeavor and achievement. To-day, pol- it a realm of having or a realm of being? itics too often means self-seeking, wire- If life is constituted of things, then in pulling, secret maneuvring, the pursuit the scramble for things we shall have of personal advantage, sectional cam- envy, and strife, and war, as long as the paigns, the magnifying of party interests world endures. But if life is determined above the welfare of the Nation and the by noble relations then the pursuit of State. It is too often a low scramble and true life will make war impossible. "To not a lofty crusade. And, therefore, be carnally minded is death, but to be there is urgent and immediate need that spiritually minded is life and peace." we Christianize our conception of politics. We must get back to Christ. What is this Christian conception of life? Here it is. "This is life, to know What is the aim and end of govern- Thee, and Jesus Christ whom Thou hast ment in the life and teachings of Christ? sent." Real life is to be intimate with It is this: "Thy kingdom come." And God, to be the friend of God, to find what is the kingdom? It is the kingdom delight in the pleasures of God. That is of "righteousness, and peace, and joy." life. From that august spiritual relation Therefore, the Christianized conception come all manner of spiritual fruits; love, of politics is such an intelligent direction purity, fidelity, sympathy, sacrifice. To of human government as will make all live unto God is to live God unto men. that is crooked straight, and appoint such relations in righteousness as will This is the word of the Christ. And provide a nest for the holy dove of peace, this must be the Church's contribution to and for all the singing birds of sacred the establishment of peace among men. joy. Christianized politics are human She must call men, by all the constraints regulations in the sphere of government of love and fear, out of the sultry for answering the prayer of our Lord, swamps of materialism, where fever "Thy kingdom come." breeds, and strife brews, up to the heights of the spirit, the hill of the Lord, When the politics of all nations be- the heavenly places in Christ Jesus. come the strenuous wrestlings of noble men and women, intent upon noble Chris- Once get that ideal enthroned in the tian ends, the fair spirit of holy peace minds of men and war shall be no more. will come and settle in the earth as a Life will have an altitude where war joyful and abiding guest. germs can not thrive. When life rings with the song of "Glory to God in the Our Life highest," there will be peace among men Again, if permanent peace is to be in whom He is well pleased.

secured we must Christianize our con- "If a wren can cling to a spray a-swing, In a mad May wind and sing and sing, As if she'd burst for joy, Vhy can not I contented lie, In His quiet arms, beneath His' sky, Unmoved by earth's annoy?"

"Tiger Year" In ]apan*

BY MISS GRACE NOTT ~~~,..a,;~IROBABLY no nation, say that this may largely be traced to either in the eastern or the Christian influence and Christian western hemisphere, is ideals which are quietly but surely per- without its own peculiar meating the. country. Then, again, the superstitions, Japan is non-Christian community had a won- no ex~eption to this rule. derful object-lesson in the self-sacrifice and the eager desire to help shown by 1914 was, according to Japanese reckon- the little band of Christians, who truly ing, the "Tiger Year," and as such was out of their poverty made others rich. greatly dreaded by a large proportion of the Japanese people, who felt that it 2. Death. of Prominent Persona must inevitably bring in its wake calami- Japan's losses by death in 1914 were ties of all sorts and kinds, and who were also very great. Among those who consequently only too thankful when it passed away are many whose lives had run its course and they were fairly seemed essential to the welfare of the launchoo on the "Rabbit Year," which nation. First among these stands the might spell monotony, but which would Empress Dowager. A quiet, retiring, assuredly mean less stress and strain. essentially womanly woman, she was still an ardent and wise reformer, and 1. Public Calamities in her the nation lost a representative of the best type of Japanese woman- The year 1914, so the superstitious hood, one who was loved by Old and say, lived up to its reputation! Early New Tapan alike. Out of the long list in January the Hokkaido was visited by a terribly severe famine, as a result of of other nam~s I will only mention which large numbers were starved to death, whole families subsisted on leaves three: Prince Arisugawa, the founder and roots, and parents were forced to of the Japanese Navy, who died in July; sell their daughters into virtual slavery Prince Katsura, one of the greatest in order to keep soul and body together. statesmen of modern times, and to whom we owe the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, Hot on the heels of this disaster came who died in October; and Count Aoki, another, for on the 12th of the same one of the few prominent Christian month the southern island of Japan, Japanese statesmen. Kiu-Shiu, was visited by an earthquake so severe that the whole of Sakurajima 3. Outbreak of War (an island in Kagoshima Bay) was des- In August came the outbreak of the troyed, and 20,000 people were left war. What Japan's navy did at Tsingtau homeless and without means of susten- is well known, and a recent letter to the ance. Times from one of our Admirals who was on the spot emphasizes once more A wful as these visitations were, they the valor as well as the humanity of had their bright side. For one thing, her officers and men. Her splendidly the Government came to the aid of the organized Red Cross Society is helping sufferers with a promptitude and in the countries of the Allies. A conhumanity hitherto unknown; and surely tingent of some twenty nurses is in we are not assuming too much when we * From the Church Missionary Review, July. 1915. England; about the same number are in he is in his seventy-seventh year, and, Russia nursing their former enemies; according to custom in the Sunrise Land, while others may be found in France. anyone who has reached the age of What effects the war will have 011 sixty is "Go Inkyo" (honorably retired) Christian Missions in Japan it is difficult and has no further say in either public to say. It was at first greatly feared or private affairs; but Count Okuma is a by some that the sight of Christian glorious exception. He is a liberal and nations at war would inevitably hinder all on the side of reform, an ardent the preaching, or at any rate the accept· patriot, and loved by Old and New ance, of the Gospel of Christ, but so Japan alike. It is reported that lately, far we can thankfully record it is not when speaking of his age, he said that so. Japan's sympathy is entirely with a man was only as old as his heart, and Great Britain. Letters from the front that he felt sure he would be spared to say that Young Japan is more eager work for Japan till he was 120 if his than formerly for the teaching of Christ. beloved country needed him. He has One of the British missionaries writes already suffered somewhat on his under date of December, 1914: country's behalf, an attempt having been "I have found no difficulties, but, on made on his life, which, tho happily the contrary, daily new openings on ac- frnstrated, resulted in the loss of one count of the war. The conduct of leg. He is not an avowed Christian, British troops and the line taken by the but his influence is all on the side of Government henceforth will be of tre- <::hristianity, as he has shown time and mendous importance. The East is again during his long public life.

watching keenly, and any moral failure Markedly was this the case some years on our part will do infinite harm." ago when addressing a mass meeting of 4. Relations with Americ"a students in Tokyo. He was not speak- ing to a Christian audience, or from a The Californian land question is one Christian standpoint, and yet he reiterof the most burning, and alas! it still ated his belief that if Japan were to 'seems as far from settlement as ever. keep her place in the forefront of the It is not so much that the Japanese wish nations, it was Christianity alone which to buy land and settle in California, but would enable her to do so. their plea is that they have a right to the same treatment as Italian and other To his influence may be traced the immigrants, and the solution seems to greater leniency of the Educational Delie, to quote Count Okuma, not so much partment toward Christian Missions, in diplomacy, law, and statesmanship, as and perhaps also the continuance of the in the power of the Christian conscience present Emperor's favorable attitude to· in America and in the teaching of human ward Christianity, as evinced by the gift brotherhood. of $50,000 to St. Luke's Hospital, and possibly also in a minor degree by his 5. Home Politics use of one of our mission schools in The baneful influence of the "Tiger Osaka as a rest-house during the mili· year," so say the superstitious, is trace- tary maneuvers.

able also in the stormy atmosphere of At this time, when Red Cross and home politics. Conditions have been hospital nurses are so much in our terribly strained, but the situation was minds, it may be interesting to note that saved, at any rate for the time, by the the Emperor was greatly imprest with return to office of the veteran states- the beauty and power of Christianity by man, Count Okuma. From a Japanese the faithful witness of a Christian nurse standpoint he is indeed a veteran, for who, at his own request, nursed him

through a severe illness when he was to revivify herself some years ago, and, Crown Prince. finding that Christian methods had so much success, started a campaign on 6. Social Questions the sa.me lines, even going so far as to print "Bibles" in which the only differ- If we turn to social questions in Japan ence from our own was that Buddha's we find that the national conscience is name was substitnted for our Lord's! at last awakening to the terrible indus- Such efforts were naturally doomed to trial and social conditions, and that the failure. Now the nation is faced by Government now, for the first time, is the Hongwanji Buddhist scandals. The working side by side with the Christian priests are accused of living in luxury churches for their amelioration. Plans and extravagance on the offerings of the are being made and carried on for the faithful. The misappropriated money is relief of sufferers from insanity, con- put at the enormous figure of two milsumption, and leprosy, as well as for lion yen, and the whole matter is being the improvement of the condition of investigated by the Government. factory workers. Of the heart-rending condition of the 200,000 lepers in Japan, Sad as all this is, we can surely see who are truly without hope, either for that here also "God is working His purthis world or the world to come, I can pose out." These scandals have helped only say that the Government is at last to plunge the nation into a mood of in some degree recognizing its respon- introspection and self-questioning, and sibility toward these sufferers, and is there is a general holding out of the holding out a hand of fellowship toward people's hands to God. As one result, the four well-known Christian leper several well-known men and women hospitals, two Protestant and two Roman have become Christians; others are Catholic, which have for so long been studying the New Testament and buycarrying on their Christian work, and is ing Bibles in an unprecedented way. In also making plans of its own for the one of the Government colleges alone relief of those suffering from this ter- the students bought one thousand copie!! rible scourge. of the Scriptures, and in another six hundred; while in the normal colleges a Of the condition of the 471,877 wo- Christian professor has been asked to men and children employed in factories give thirty lectures on Christianity. The it has been weI! said that "there is but searching of the nation after God has one life in Japan worse than that of the been emphasized again most strongly by factory slave." Twelve per cent. of the the holding of the second Conference of workers are under fourteen, and most Religions, called together by the eduare working fifteen hours a day, under cational authorities, who invited Shinconditions which are utterly demoral- toists, Buddhists, and Christians to take Izmg. Some of our missionaries have part.. If measured by actual results in long been working among them as far as the shape of formal actions its value is, the conditions would permit, while the perhaps, small, but in so far as it places elder girls from Miss Tristram's school Christianity among the recognized rein Osaka have also had the joy of tell- ligions of Japan its worth is enormous, ing them the Gospel story-which in and we may indeed take courage and go some cases has been eagerly accepted. forward. The Christians proved their moral power in this conference by the 7. Religious Conditions very practical questions which they On turning to the spiritual condition forced the authorities to consider, and of the country, we find that the old re- the general result has been to prove to ligious foundations have long been tottering. Buddhism made a great effort

1 5] THE "TIGER YEAR" IN JAPAN

the Japanese in authority that Chris- 10. The Japanese Language School tianity is a very practical religion and is far more fitted to meet the moral The Japanese Language School is an needs of the nation than any other. accomplished fact, and has received the recognition of the Educational Depart- S. Evangelistic Campaign ment; by this means experienced J apan- ese teachers are now available for all That the Christians themselves are desirous of learning the language. What alive to their responsibilities and to the this will mean to missionaries can great field which lies before them is again best be realized by those who have evinced by the three years' Evangelistic had to learn Japanese as best they Campaign of which the moving spirit is could from teachers who knew no word Dr. Mott, and which has now entered of English. on its second year. It is the direct outcome of the Japan Continuation Com- Even a brief survey of the chief mittee. Foreigners and Japanese of all events of the past year must make us sections of the Christian Church are realize afresh the tremendous opporworking side by side, and it is note- tunities that lie before us in the Sunrise worthy that the leadership of the Cam- Land. Probably there has never been paign is in the hands of the Japanese, a greater conviction on the part of the and that half the needed money is being nation at large as to their need and as raised by them. to the inadequacy of their moral stand- ards, or such constant public utterances Letters from' friends at the front tell by those in authority as to the value of of many encouraging results and of a Christianity for meeting that need. widespread spirit of inquiry, but they emphasize the lack of workers who are To quote from the address of the sadly needed to prepare the soil before- chairman of the Conference of Federhand and to gather in the harvest. The ated Missions held in 1914: Japanese themselves also are still prone perhaps to fall into their old temptation "There is no nation in the East better of speaking above the heads of their prepared for a religious awakening than audience, and using the occasion rather Japan, or one that realizes so well the as an opportunity for showing their value of the Christian character. Japan's powers of oratory than of preaching the recent humiliation over the naval scansimple Gospel. Still, the gigantic effort dals and other national lapses and weakis being owned of God and used to win nesses have served to turn the mind of many souls to Christ, while those who the people toward God." are taking part in it need much prayer and encouragement. The opportunity is tremendous, and our missionaries far too few for the work. 9. Christian Education Spirit-filled men and women are needed as never before to teach, yes, ,but above Christian education in Japan is still a all-in the language of that oft-quoted burning question, and the establishment address of Count Okuma's–Itto live of united Christian Universities for both Christ" before the eyes of the nation; men and women is under discussion. to prove to them that the divine life The Church Missionary Society has al- can be lived by men in purity, sywready decided to cooperate in the Cen- pathy, self-sacrifice, and love; to prov~ tral Theological School in Tokyo which that those who live this life have someincludes representatives of the Society thing which it is worth the while of the for the Propagation of the Gospel, the Japanese to seek, something which will Missionary Society of the Canadian crown all their best ideals and be the Church, and the American Episcopal only answer to all their struggles and Mission. unrest.

Missions In Haiti *

BY THE RT. REV. CHARLES B. COLMORE, D.D. Bishop in Charge of the Work of the Protestant Episcopal Church [In view of the fact that the United States Government has temporarily established a ten-year protectorate over Haiti, "Vest Indies, the following account of work in the island is of special interest.-EDITOR.] 1A-~""""""'''''liil1!J AITI is a black republic, worship allowed by those in authority. and as such presents pe- In the cities, as in most Latin-American culiar difficulties. Whites countries, there is more indifference to there are living in Haiti, religious matters than in the country. but that there are ex- The Church in Port-au-Prince has had tremely few will be read- other difficulties to contend with as well. Three times the city has been burned, ily understood from the fact that the laws and each time our church building has forbid any foreigner to hold property in been destroyed. A temporary structure of wood has been erected in such a way the land. . that when the permanent church is erected they can build over this one and In 1861 the Rev. J. T. Holly went to so not be deprived of a place of wor- ship. There is a great opportunity to Haiti to investigate the conditions there, establish a model missionary work in and he was so enthusiastic about the Port-au-Prince with the threefold accountry that he took his family and tivities of evangelical, educational, and practically the whole of a well-estab- medical work. Two schools have been lished school from New Haven, Conn., begun in the city, which, with proper to cast in their fortunes with those of equipment and supervision, can be helpthe repUblic. This was the beginning of ful. The Protestants say that they have the Protestant episcopal work, which to send their children to the Roman has been fostered by the American Catholic schools as these are the only Church. In 1874, the Rev. Mr. Holly ones which are sufficiently equipped and was chosen Bishop and received his con- organized. secration at the hands of the American Bishops. The Church was now organ- The material at hand may be undeized as an independent body in com- veloped and ignorant, but they are humunion with the Church in the United man beings with souls which are pre- States and was called "The Orthodox cious in the sight of our Heavenly Father. The vision may not be the Apostolic Church in Haiti."t brightest, but it is such as to inspire The country is nominally Roman one to effort for God. After all, it is mission work we are endeavoring to do, Catholic, but altho practically every child and that is to help others to a plane of is baptized, there is still much adherence life higher and nobler and more God-like to the African cults. The people, gener- than that which they know at the presally speaking, are kindly disposed to ent. Is there not a great opportunity other forms of religion, and there has to do God's work right here at our own always been a remarkable liberty of doors, among these less fortunate breth- ren of the Republic of Haiti? t In 1911 Bishop Holly died, and later the Can· vocation of the Orthodox Apostoltc Church voted to request the ChlfTCh ip.. the Un~te~ States. to ,re- ceive the Church In Haltt as a m1sstonary dlstrlct, and at their request Bishop Knight was placed. in charge until such time as the General Convenhon should determine the matter. In 1913 General Convention accepted the cession of territ,ory and placed it under the jurisdiction of the Blshop of Porto Rico.

* From The Living Ch«rch. ~ DEDADTMENT ~ , , OF . '" t;). / ' ……………. ".~…/ / BEST METHODS J CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK MISSIONARY SUGGESTIONS FOR CHRISTMAS ~C ~, HRISTMAS is coming. presents to one another on His birthday Already the shops are than we give in a whole year to win for gorgeous in holiday dress Him as a crown the world He died to save."-WrLLIS R. HOTCHKISS. … and rich in displays that ~ tempt the eye and fire We have made more of Christmas " the imagination. There than we have of Christ.

is the penny mechanical toy for the child We have made Christmas gifts to many people, but few direct to Him.- of the tenement and the costly electrical MRS. MAUD JUNKIN BALDWIN. affair for the child of the avenue. There Christianizing Christmas are make-believe automobiles that cost a "The tendency of late years to make few cents, and really truly ones that cost Christmas a mere holiday, a festival of lavish exchange of presents and of thousands of dollars. There is cheap, material ostentation, has so wrought upon interested church-members that there tawdry jewelry for rough, toil-worn has been a widespread reaction which assumes larger proportions each year," hands and wonderful gems for dainty, wrote William T. Ellis (The Religious Rambler), in his weekly contribution to toil-free fingers. In a few days the streets a syndicate of daily papers shortly be- fore Christmas last year. will be crowded with shoppers spending "The restoration of Christmas as priincredible sums. marily a day of religious significance is being wrought more definitely by the "Through it all I see the pinched faces Sunday-school than by any other agency. Their vast potency enables them to touch of the poor; I hear the sob of the suffer- practically an entire generation at once. So they are introducing the idea of a ing. Over against the gorgeous trap- 'giving Christmas' among the children. The Sunday-school celebrations, with pings of the day is the pathetic spectacle their 'treats' for the children, have been so common that even the joke-makers of a world, two-thirds of which is still know about them.

unreached by the message of a Savior. "All this is being boldly assailed in the ranks of the Sunday-school itself. In Up through the sounds of festivity in an increasing number of schools the chil- honor of the advent of His Son there comes to the ear of God the discordant noises of a world out of harmony with Him.

"A thousand millions have never heard the name of Christ, and yet the placid surface of our indifference is hardly ruffled by the fact. We write sweet nothings and talk sweet platitudes about the Babe of Bethlehem, shutting our eyes to the sight of myriads of children in heathen lands who have never had a chance to hear the story that has glad- dened our lives and gladdens the lives of our children. And we spend more on

dren are being trained to bring gifts to the holidays we have all been longing the Christmas celebration instead of for." taking them away. Mr. Riis proved a true prophet. The To associate Christmas with the un- idea met with such immediate response selfish idea of sacrifice and of service to that now many communities have their others is the goal which has been set. Christmas-trees with people of every In this connection it has become the nationality and every walk of life gatherusage in many denominations to make ing '!round them to sing the much-loved a Christmas offering for home and for- hymns of the Nativity. eign missions. The day is primarily the incarnation of the missionary idea, and But not every community is making the growth of gifts at this season for full use of the opportunity the tree afcarrying the Gospel into lands afar has fords to bind together the various nationbeen very marked in recent years." alities included in its population. Every- where it serves to rally the people to a As we are succeeding in a nation-wide new recognition of the fact that Christ- effort to crowd out the insane celebra- mas is the birthday of the Christ, but tion of the Fourth of July, let the missionary workers especially should see churches and Sunday-schools take cour- to it that it also preaches a winsome ser- age and begin at once a united move- mon on inter-racial brotherhood and fur- ment in every town to have an unselfish nishes a place where Italians and Poles, and joyous Christian celebration of the Swedes and Lithuanians may mingle "holidays" which many have forgotten with one another and with Americans, means "holy days !"-WILBUR F. CRAFTS, and, for the time at least, forget race- D.D. prejudice in the common homage they offer to the Christ. THE COMMUNITY CHRISTMAS TREE Some of the smaller communities, no- No nation ever had a more wonderful tably in Massachusetts, have taken the opportunity than America at the present lead in this. At Fitchburg each nationtime. The whole world has come to us ality was invited to sing national airs and we can, if we will, preach the Gos- and Christmas hymns around the tree, pel to the whole world from our own each in its own language. And at Southdoorstep. Christmas affords many op- wick an important feature of the proportunities for doing this if only we will gram was as follows: make use of them. Christmas Exercises in Many Tongues: The Community Christmas-tree is one 1. In English by School-children. of these. From the day, three years ago, 2. In Polish by Polish-Americans. when a wonderful 60-foot tree in Madi- 3. In Swedish by Swedish-Americans. son Square, with blazing star, gave all 4. In Italian by Italian-Americans. New York a sense of brotherhood, a new note has been sounded in the country at On the front cover of Southwick's at- Christmas time. tractive program this bit of rime was printed which served as the motto of the "Doubtless this tree in Madison Square day: was the first of a great many such THE FIRST TOWN TREE Christmas-trees in America," wrote Ja- "Tho differing in ways and speech, cob Riis, from whom it is said the seed- 'vVe gather round our Christmas tree, thought originally came. "Indeed, it was Our Christmas thought this day shal1 born a twin-its sister grew the same be, night on Boston Common. But it was more than the first tree. It was a mile- Each one for all and all for each." stone marking the new appreciation of

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On the back cover a Christmas mes- United States, because she had been in- sage was printed in the varied speech of vited to spend her Christmas vacation the town-English, Swedish, Italian, and in a fellow student's home. Polish.* "For the sake of the great plastic YOUR CHRISTMAS GUESTS nations they represent, the future of which they will so deeply influence, I be- Inviting a foreign student to spend speak for the Oriental students in this the Christmas holidays in a Christian country the friendship of Christian home, or even to spend an evening or people who will put them in touch with partake of a single meal, is a beautiful the people and influences most helpful service to a lonely soul which may, with to them."

the blessing of God, result in great Last Christmas Mrs. Henry W. Pea- things for foreign missions. body invited six of the young Chinese "Especially would I bespeak for the girls, who had recently come to New Oriental students in this country the hos- York as students under the Indemnity pitality of Christian homes," said Miss Fund, to spend Christmas with her in Margaret Burton, Foreign Secretary of her beautiful country home in Beverly, the Young Women's Christian Associa- Mass. There was a trip to Boston on tion, in an address at the Student Volun- Christmas Eve with dinner in town, the teer Movement at Kansas City last year. great Christmas tree on Boston Com- "One of the first Orientals that studied mon, the carols on Beacon Hill, and the in the United States said, many years stores with their Christmas goods and after his return to his native land, in gay decorations. Returning home, stock- looking back on his years here, that the ings were hung by the fireplace and early greatest blessing of his life in America Christmas morning, before it was light, was the opportunity it gave him to know Mrs. Peabody was awakened by a chorus the home life of our people. of joyous Chinese voices which sang "It would be ideal if all Oriental stu- just outside her door, first, "Holy Night"

dents could live in American homes while in their native Chinese, then, "0, Come here; but where this is not possible it All Ye Faithful," in English..

means much to them to be welcomed into Other beautiful homes in and around American households at vacation times, Boston had also been opened to this first for week-ends, or even for single meals. company of women Indemnity Students, Few experiences are so highly appre- so that each of the young women was ciated by them. One young girl who able to spend her first American Christ- has been in the United States almost two mas in a real Christian home. There years told me that so far she had had were many festivities during the week, almost no opportunity to know what our the crowning of which was a reception homes are like, and that she was most on New Year's Day at Mrs. Peabody's eager to know American family life. home to which all the officers of the Judging from a letter I received from ,,vomen's Foreign Missionary Boards in her just before the Christmas holidays, Boston and vicinity were invited.

that time would probably be the hap- To the girls it was not only a time of piest she has known since coming to the great enjoyment but of very great privi- lege. "The best time I ever had," said * Excellent articles on "The Community Christ· one of the most homesick ones to Miss mas Tree," with many suggestions, will be found Burton. "But the things we loved bes(" in The Survey, December 5, 1914, pages 258-260: wrote another after recounting all the The Craftsman, February, 1913, pages 497-500: and good times, "were the morning prayers Overland. December. 1914. pages 561-2. As these and the quiet talks with Mrs. Peabody." magazines are on file in most public libraries they can easily be consulted. See also HThe Christmas Spirit," by Irene Mason, Missionary Education Movement, price 10 cents.

The hostesses, too, had their reward. of them of such general interest as to Most of the young women are products be acceptable to persons who have little of Christian Mission Schools in or near or no interest in missions. The follow- Shanghai and Canton, and by their quiet, ing belong to this class: modest demeanor and sweet Christian characters, made a most favorable im- "Love Story of a Maiden of Cathay." pression. "It may be a pleasure to the (Revell.) . 50 cents. Chinese girls to be in our homes," said a charming hostess to Miss Burton, "but "Love Stories of Great Missionaries." I can assure you that it means more to (Revell.) 50 cents. us to have them than it can mean to them to come." "The Little Green God." (Revell.) 7S cents. The Oriental students are by no means the only foreign students in colleges and Grenfell's books, "Harvest of the Sea" preparatory schools. There are thou- (Revell, $1.00) and "Off the Rocks" (Sunsands of them from Mexico, South day-School Times Company, $1.00). America, and indeed almost every missionary land. What a joy it would be Steiner's "The Broken Wall." (Revell.) and how much it might mean to the $1.00. Kingdom of God if each of them should this year share in the festivities in honor For the dog-lover, be he man or boy, of the Christ Child in a Christian Amer- Egerton R. Young's stories of his misican home! sionary dogs, "My Dogs in the North- land," would be especially good. (Revell, YOUR CHRISTMAS GIFTS $1.25. ) By selecting things missionary in 3. Games. The game, "Who's Who character Christmas gifts may be made in Missions" (Sunday-School Times to do double duty. They may not only Company, 50 cents), would be approserve as reminders of love and friend- priate for children and adults who wish ship but will perhaps be the means to become familiar with the faces and of awakening an interest in the great task the Savior of the world has placed mprl.iSn.ScliOpanlane.evse.nts in the lives of fifty great in the hands of His Church. Here are a few suggestions: 4. Pins and badges. For members of women's missionary societies, the pretty 1. A subscription to a missionary mag- little "Coronation Pin" adopted by the azine, denominational or interdenomi- Federation of Women's Foreign Misnational. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF sionary Societies as their official badge, THE WORLD, with its broad view of world would be a pleasing gift. These may conditions, its wealth of fine pictures and be ordered from any woman's board at its practical helps, makes an ideal gift. 35 cents for composit metal and $1.75 The same is true of Everyland for the for solid gold. There are also denomichildren and Men and Missions for the national pins especially in young women. The publishers of almost all mis- men's and children's societies, that would sionary magazines are prepared to send make pretty gifts. attractive gift certificates bearing the name of the donor so as to reach the 5. Curios. For Sunday-school classes recipient on Christmas Day. there is nothing better than some little 2. A missionary book. There are curio from a missionary land. In small many inexpensive missionary books that cities where there is no oriental store it would make ideal Christmas gifts, some is not always possible to get them, but by searching through the ten-cent stores they may sometimes be found. A pair of chopsticks would be a great novelty to many children, and boys especially would be pleased with the little cowrie shell stick-pins which may be obtained

15] DEPARTMENT OF BEST METHODS 86~

in lots of ten or more at the rate of 2 members of the Sunday-school and cents each from the David C. Cook Pub- church, or shall we impress anew the lishing Company, Elgin, Ill. Cowrie real significance of Christmas Day and shells formerly took the place of money give expression to the Christmas spirit in many parts of Africa, and it will add by gifts to those who are less fortunate? to the value of the pins if something is told of the use of the shells. For this The great danger in many Christmas see "Eighteen Years in Uganda," by celebrations is to forget the tidings of Bishop Tucker, page 339, vo!. 2. great joy and let the Christmas season lose its real meaning to the hearts of The following novelties put out by the men. More emphasis needs to be placed Beacon Hill Farm Association, Fu- upon the fact that it is Christ's birthday, chau, China, would also make good and that through His coming, His life, His death and His resurrection, we now gifts: (1) Little leaden boxes of Jas- have the Christmas cheer and the spirit of peace and good-will toward men.- mine Flower Scented Tea, which has a JANE B. SMITH, Hartford School of Redelicate and most unusual flavor. Price ligious Pedagogy, in The Sunday School 25 cents a box, postage 4 cents extra. Times. (2) Packages of Chinese Lang-gang, containing four, five, or five and a half If Christ Had Not Come yards, according to the grade. This is a narrow, hand-woven ribbon in attrac- Some months ago a little story was tive designs and gay colors, used in published in The Epworth Herald that trimming women's dresses and shoes, can be made the basis of a very effective and is fine for tying Christmas pack- object lesson for a Christmas program. ages. Price 25 cents a package, 5 pack- Nothing better could be found to give ages for $1.00 to one address. (3) children some idea of the social value of Christmas and New Year's Rainbow foreign missions. Flag Book-mark souvenirs in Chinese envelops ready for mailing. Price 7 A little girl had been given a very cents each, 4 for 25 cents, 20 for $1.00 to complete model of a village, which she one address. All these may be obtained liked to play with very much. from Miss Emily S. Hartwell, Fuchau, China. The tea may also be had (usu- "What kind of a town is it?" her father ally without delay) from Miss Flora asked one morning when she had set it Starr, 718 Simpson Street, Evanston, up. II!., and the Lang-gang and souvenirs from Miss Sarah Avery, 14 King Street, "Oh. a Christian town," the child Worcester, Mass. All profits go to the answered. support of children in China who would otherwise either starve or be sold. "Suppose we make it a heathen town," the father suggested. "What must we THE CHRISTMAS PROGRAM'" take out?"

The Chief Aim.-In planning for a "The church," promptly answered the Christmas program thoughtful Sunday- little girl, taking it out. school workers must seriously consider the purpose of the program. Shall we "Is that all?" the father asked. aim only to amuse and entertain the "I guess so," the child answered. "No, indeed," her father said. Then * The Best Methods Department of THE M,S· he took out the public school and the library. ~IONARY REVIEW for December, 1913, and Novem- "Anything else?" asked the child. ber, 1914, contained a large number of suggestions "Isn't that a hospital over there?" for Christmas missionary programs. Others may "Yes; but, father, they have hospitals, be found in "The Christmas Spirit," by Irene don't they?" Mason, Missionary Education Movement, price 10 "Not in heathen countries," he excents.

plained. "It was Christ who taught us continuous impulse by which the original to care for the sick and feeble ones." light of Christ's revelation has been spread over all the world. Taking a large The little girl looked soberly around candle to symbolize this original light of the little town and presently took away Christ's truth, the Apostles, Evangelists, also the Old Ladies' Home, the Orphans' and St. Paul are lighted directly from Home, and the Insane Asylum. this. It is the Christ-light burning in another life, fed by that life's experience. "Why, father," she exclaimed, "there's From St. Paul the light is given to St. not one good thing left. I wouldn't live Luke and the Churches of Asia Minor, in such a town for anything." Rome and Greece. From Rome it is given to Europe, from Europe to England, and In using this as a Christmas object- thence by the way of our Church and lesson the model of a little village such others, on and on. The transmission and as is described in the story should be multiplication of the original light must provided. This can either be purchased go on until the whole world shines with or made from cardboard. The patterns Christ. The candle-flames may be so and directions for making a Japanese arranged that at the end they will form house given in "Missionary Helps for a cross of light, stretching out its arms Junior Leaders,"* pages 11 and 13, to infinite need. would help in this. The liquid glue now obtainable in tubes will he found of great "For equipment use a short step-ladassistance. der, draped, and the requisite number of candles (29 in this case), of which one, The subject matter may be given either to represent Christ, should be very large. by two persons-an adult and a childwho impersonate the father and daughter, or by some one person who takes the part of the father and calls forth the child's part from the school. The latter plan would probably make the most lasting impression.

If greater length is desired, the dialog can· easily be elaborated by having the father add brief statements concerning the .animal hospitals of India and the treatment of the sick and insane in lands where Christ is not known.

Christ the Light of the World Order of the Candle-LighlillY The following object-lesson on mis- 1. Christ. sionary history devised by the Rev. P . .R. Osgood of the Protestant Episcopal 2. St. Matthew } From Christ Church and printed in The Spirit of 3. St. Mark 111issions, is especially appropriate for the Christmas program. Care should be 4. St. John taken to guard against fire. Do not place the candles too close together, as the heat 'of so many lighted at once will tend to soften them and make them bend over.

'The missionary enthusiasm of the Church," says Mr. Osgood, "has been a * "Missionary Helps for Junior Leaders," by Margaret Tyson Applegarth , and. Nellie Prescott. . Central' C01Dmittee on Unite<!Study' of . Foreign Missions, West Medford, Mass. Price, 25 cents.

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j516 oTtheenr having a getting Christmas we have a 7 Apostles giving Christmas and help them out." ~ tak~~h~ ~lace 10 of Judas From Christ This met with an enthusiastic response and mite-boxes were at once distributed. 11 Two Evan- Every Sunday items of information were 12 gelists presented to keep up the interest, and each class was asked to keep its gifts 13 were secret. When at last Christmas Eve 14 Apostles) came, when the gifts were to be brought in, the church was beautifully decorated. (15) St. Paul- From Christ Miracu- "Never was there a more gorgeous tree, lously nor a more crowded audience," says one of the members. 16. St. Luke-From St. Paul After the opening exercises the pastor 17. Asia MinOr} From St. Paul called the classes, the superintendent and 18. Rome assistant standing by with pad and pen- cil. When Class 1 was called, a tiny 19. Greece girl came through the crowded aisles carrying the gift of the primary class. 20. Europe-From Rome "Nine dollars," she whispered as she 2l. England-From Europe. handed the money to the treasurer. "Nine dollars," announced the superintendent 22. U. S.-From England. of the school. "Class 2" brought a small 23. Canada-From England. boy of six, who announced "Seven dol- 1 So far as our lars and seventy-six cents," as he proud- 24. JCahpianna ly handed it in. 25. 26. Africa As class after class responded, the in- Church is con- terest became intense. The room was 27. South America cerned, from the very still, the children hardly daring to 28. Alaska I United States breathe lest they lose some announce- 29. Philippines J ment. $28 from one class was greeted by a chorus of supprest A Christmas Gift to the Laurel Country "Oh's" from all over the room, and $32 from another capped the climax. The A few years ago, when a Presbyterian last gift was $5, from a member of Sunday-school in Cadillac, Michigan, the school who has since gone to China. was asked to help send a missionary When the sum total, $235.00, was anteacher to the mountaineers in the Laurel nounced, a hush fell upon the school, Country, South Carolina, the superin- which was broken by the superintendent tendent resolved to make it a special ob- saying, "The Laurel Mountain children ject at the coming Christmas. The Home will have their teacher. Let us sing, Mission Monthly tells of his success. 'Fraise God, from whom all blessings The first thing he did was to tell the flow.' " children something about these people isolated in the Southern Mountains. N ext he read a letter asking for a teacher for them, and at the close made his appeal. "We can not have those boys and men come over the hard trail for news of what we will do for them," he said, "and then go home to the girls and women with the word that Cadillac Sunday-school will not send them a missionary teacher. I move that instead of He knows, and loves, and cares- Nothing this truth can dim- And does the very best for those Who leave the choice with Him.

WODLD-W1DE

MISSI AnY NEWS LATIN AMERICA the theory of Christianity without this service. Why has not the Church seen Protestants in the Mexican Crisis this wonderful opportunity here in Mexico as well as in the remote corners A WRITER in The Missionary Sur- of the earth. The best hospitals and vey says that the Protestant Church sanitary cars of the country are mere in Mexico is wielding a tremendous in- makeshifts. The wounded are not atfluence-not as a Church, but through tended to, principally because they have the individual members now associated an inadequate corps of doctors and in the various armies. It is said that helpers-inadequate in numbers and igthe wife of Carranza, the first chief of norant of the first principles of sanitathe Constitutional army, is a Protestant, tion and first aid; also for lack of inand he himself, tho not actually a mem- terest and a lack of funds and of heads. ber of the Protestant Church, is openly It is the way the average Mexican does friendly. Many of the native ministers the average thing. Fortunately, I have hold positions of importance in the had Protestant Mexicans to help· me and various armies, and the story goes that they are always different. in all of the armies there is not a single Protestant who was enrolled as a pri- AA Mixed Multitude in Argentina vate. Whether that statement be strict- VIVID glimpse of the cosmopolitan ly accurate or not, it certainly indicates immigration into Argentina-where the part that Protestants are playing in more than 300,000 newcomers arrive the hour of the nation's crisis. A mis- each year-is given in a letter from sionary who has spent years in Mexico Mr. W. C. K. Torre. The following says that he has not heard the word paragraphs are of special interest: "Protestante" used in contempt since the We have in this city of Buenos Ayres opening of the revolution. 1,500,000 souls, and the population in- creases. With the natural growth and Medical Opportunities in Mexico the inflowing tide of immigrants from Europe, the need seems to me to be in- E VEN in the midst of revolution and creasing. The other day I asked a turmoil in Mexico there is still a call brother who has been visiting the imfor missionaty work. Miss Mary migrants on arrival, distributing Gospels Turner of the Presbyterian Mission among them and seeking to help them, writes from the hospital in Aguas if he would go out into the street, Calientes: If Christian doctors and speak to the first 20 men he met, and • nurses could know how great the needs see what they knew of the Bible. He are here for efficient help and money, did so, and the result is most instructhere would certainly be a few who tive. These twenty men represented would volunteer to come and a few of 6 different nationalities-Spanish, Ital~ the rich who would send them. The ian, Servian, Uruguayan, Portuguese, evangelical Church could gain more and Rumanian. The Uruguayan said within a few months of practical service he had read portions of the Bible. One in the army of wounded and ill, than with years of preaching and teaching

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

Spaniard knew something about the special interests as Bible study with all Bible, but he had never read it. A departments-city, college, railroad, etc. Portuguese said he had read the Bible. An Italian had read the Bible and Mr. Mott is to have two associate seemed to have faith in the Lord Jesus. general secretaries, Frederick B. Shipp, Another Spaniard said he had studied who will give special attention to the at a Jesuit College in Spain, but he had business concerns of the committee, and never had a Bible in his hands. And Fletcher S. Brockman, who is called what about the other 15? N one of home from service in China to at- them had ever seen a Bible, and by tend to the foreign department and to their replies they knew nothing about serve as lieutenant to Mr. Mott in special it.-Bible in the World. tasks within the home department as well. Charles D. Hurrey, who has been Brazilians Publicly Accept Christianity the executive of the college department, succeeds in the foreign student's de- D URING the past month we have had partment Willard D. Lyon, who has gone the joy of reaping some of the re- out to Shanghai, while David R. Porter sults of our sowing. At Pirassununga is promoted from high school work to fill we received fifteen on profession of Mr. Hurrey's position among American faith, and seven at Santa Rita, leaving college men. Mr. Mott will continue on the roll of candidates several who had without cessation his work on the Conapplied for membership in the Church. tinuation Committee of the vVorld's Mis- In the last week several, the majority of sionary Conference and on the World's them men, have publicly accepted Christ. Christian Federation. At Dourado where we opened work in January, I preached three nights in suc- A A Baptist Five-Year Program cession, using the stereopticon for the T its meeting in Los Angeles in May, first time at that point. My congrega- the Northern Baptist Convention tions varied from one hundred and adopted the following five-year program ninety the first night to almost five hun- of aggressive spiritual activity, which dred the last night, and many were takes as its obj ective the development of turned away. At the close of the last every church into an evangelistic and service I gave the people an opportunity social force in its community. The defito accept Christ, and thirty-three re- nite goals set before the denomination sponded.-W. G. BORCHERS, Santa Rita, by this program are: A million addi- Brazil. tions to the churches by baptism; a mis- sionary force of 5,000 men and women NORTH AMERICA in America and the non-Christian world; two million dollars of endowment for John R. Matt's New Work the Ministers and Missionaries Benefit Board; six million dollars for additional JOHN R. Mott has accepted the posi- educational endowment and equipment tion of general secretary of the Inter- at home and abroad; an annual income national Committee of Young Men's of six million dollars for missions and Christian Associations as successor to benevolence. The methods recom- Richard C. Morse, who has been the mended for the accomplishment of this official leader of American Young Men's high aim are: A persistent, pervasive Christian Associations since his election Evangelism-personal, pastoral and voas general secretary in 1869. cational; the systematic and propor- tionate giving of not less than one-tenth The entrance of Mr. Mott upon this of the income, with larger giving by new service involves a complete re- those of larger resources; the Annual organization of the International Committee staff, and efficiency has further been promoted by a plan relating such

Every-Member Canvass for weekly the closed door of a church. The text giving and spiritual efficiency; an in- has a militant note reading; "Men creasing emphasis on education-Bib- wanted, National Missionary Campaign, lical, missionary and scholastic; the de- 1915-1916. Enlist for World Service. velopment of every Church in social Conventions in 75 cities." service; prevailing prayer-personal, public and social. As a reminder of the aims of this National Campaign it may be well to The Episcopal Emergency Fund quote from the call issued by the movement at its Lake Geneva con- W ITH the $375,000 contributed to vention; To the end of making oc- the Emergency Fund of the Prot- casion for such deep and grave inquiry estant Episcopal Church Board of Mis- and such lofty resolution as the great sions, the emergency has been met, even day in which we live requires of us all, tho the fund was not completed on Sep- the movement has provided-as it trusts tember 1St. In other words, the mis- under inspiration of the Spirit of God sionary treasury is practically out of -for holding great rallies for men of debt for the first time in eight years! the Church in seventy-five distributed The church has not only given the Emer- and accessible centers of American popugency Fund of $375,000, but has also ex- lation from October of the present year ceeded by $20,000 its gifts on the regular to April of the next. To each of these apportionment; so that about $400,000 there will come chosen leaders of over and above the giving of last year thought and action, to lay before such has come into the treasury. as are desirous to meet and confer there- upon the great charge of God to His con- One feature worth noting is that the temporary Church, the measureless fund has not been padded or inflated in resources with which He has enriched any way. There have been no com- His people for the doing of His will, and mittees of two waiting upon wealthy the means which will fairly put to test churchmen, and no whirlwind canvass the primary question of the agesmethods; neither were any large sums whether the followers of Christ are inheld back to be announced at the last deed able to take the world for Him. moment. The largest gift was $5,000 and there have been about 8,000 con- A New Inter-Church Commission tributions. The giving was real, spontaneous and personal; it represents de- INCREASED Christian efficiency in sire rather than pressure. dealing with community problems which concern the Church is the task set National Missionary Campaign for the new commission of the Federal Council of the churches of Christ in A POSTER in· four colors is to be America. Last June a conference of displayed in front of thousands of representatives from Christian organizachurches to announce the National Mis- tions doing cooperative work on a nasionary Campaign, the opening feature tional scale, was held at Atlantic City. of which is a great interdenominational Strong delegations were present from convention for men in Chicago, begin- such organizations as the Laymen's ning October 14th and closing next April Missionary Movement, the International in Washington, D. C. Sunday School Association, the Inter- national Committee of Y. M. C. A., the The poster is symbolical of both home National Board of the Y. W. C. A., the and foreign missions, the non-Christian Home Missions Council and other simiworld being typified by a great idol with lar organizations. This conference a group of worshipers before it, and mission work at home by a man standing bewildered in a city street before

asked the Federal Council to form a worship, and the Archbishop pointed out commission to make a careful survey of that England on her knees at home can all federated work now being carried on accomplish more perhaps than England throughout the country, to help federa- fighting in or out of trenches abroad. tions already formed, and to cooperate It is reported that a national movement in forming new ones where conditions has sprung up in the churches of Engwere favorable. land and Scotland in favor of family prayers in the home. It is said that This commission has been organized Free and Established church people are The membership in a large measure re- interested in about equal numbers, and presents unofficially the movement which that speakers are setting out to the protook part in the Atlantic City confer- vinces to talk in its fayor.-The Churchence. It is thus practically a federation man. of federated movements, and Rev. Roy B. Guild was elected Executive Secre- Jewish "Endeavor" Movement tary. AN interesting development is in prog- EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN ress in connection with the Kil- burn and Brondesbury Hebrew and British Charity Religion Classes. In order to provide a "Jewish atmosphere" for young THE world-war has produced world- people who might otherwise suffer from charity on a scale hitherto unknown. religious neglect, juvenile services have The total value of British contributions been arranged in the local synagog, last year is estimated at $125,000,000. If whereat young Israelites have been engifts from the British possessions are couraged to read the liturgy and to added, the amount will be nearer $175,- carry through the general proceedings 000,000. Australian contributions in of public worship. In short, there has money alone exceeded $15,000,000. The arisen in the midst of Jewry an ana- Prince of Wales Fund for the year log of the world-wide Christian Enreached a total of $27,500,000, and local deavor movement, and impartial obcontributions brought this up to $40,000,- servers declare that it promises to pro- 000. The Belgian Relief Commission mote reverence and an intelligent incollected nearly $10,000,000 and the terest in the services of the synagog. Times Red Cross Fund brought in Letters in the Jewish papers show that $8,000,000. the movement has not yet passed the stage of opposition. . A Revival of Family Prayer THE CONTINENT THREE marked tendencies in the re- ligious life of England and Scotland A War Prison Y. M. C. A. to-day are by many observers attributed to the war. One is a popular wave of THE bringing together of great enthusiasm for family prayer. Another bodies of young men in military hosis better observance of Sunday as a day pitals and in camps as prisoners of war of rest. And the third is such measure offers an almost unprecedented opporof cooperation between the Anglican tunity for Christian work, and the Inand Free Churches as was not dreamed ternational Y. M. C. A. has not been possible one year ago. A great meeting slow in recognizing this. In response has recently been held in London, at- to a formal inquiry, the German War tended by Free and Established church- Ministry stated that they would welmen in about equal numbers, and having come the cooperation of the Young for chairman a Free Church layman and Men's Christian Association in the work for principal speaker the Archbishop of Canterbury. The subject was family

for the prisoners of war, and in con- and love among differing races. I ex- sequence there has been erected near perience this fact every year at the GOttingen the first war prison Y. M. C. Eastern Conference at Teschen in Aus- A. building in the world. It contains a trian Silesia. German and Polish large hall, which will be used for wor- brethren sing the same hymns at the ship by pastors, priests, and rabbi; for same time in their respective" tongues. concerts and lectures, and as a reading One prays in Polish and is immediately room; a small hall as a quiet room for followed by another in German. I prayer, also for choir and orchestra prac- rejoice greatly to be a connecting link tises, and three small rooms for edu- in all Austria for these little groups- cational work. The equipment consists Bohemian, Polish, Hungarian, German, of a library of English, French, and Slovak, and Ruthenian. It is gratify- Russian books, piano, harmonium, ing to see how the Gospel is beginning tables, benches, blackboards, maps, and to gain entry among the Slovaks. pictures. Brother Chraska, a member of the Free Reformed Church, has just completed "In front of the building, which is a translation of the Bible into Slovenbeautifully situated, the Commandant ish and along with him a young, fiery has had laid out a formal garden. The Slovene believer, Brother Chlastan, has building was put up by the men them- started to spread the Bible among his selves, and they are also making the people. He has done this without legal equipment." authority and has had, consequently, to suffer fine and imprisonment repeat- The extension of similar work in the edly. The Society of Christian Enmilitary camps of Germany is under the deavor in Agram, under the active direction of a committee appointed by leadership of Mr. Schumacher, a school the National Committee of the German principal, proposes to engage a mis- Y. M. C. A. sionary for the Croats.-Recard of Christian Work. The Bible in Ireland Indian Troops in Europe T HE annual report of the Bible and Colportage Society for Ireland rec- THE Y. M. C. A. of India has been ords a welcome increase in sales for the making a record in its service to year. In Ireland, as a rule, the colporteur confines his attention to scat- the native troop contingents sent to tered country districts, where the people Europe. All the money for this extra live far from book-shops, and where the work has been raised in India. Beginmeans of getting literature is difficult. nings were made by the Bombay Asso- It is here the agent does some of his best ciation as the native troops came pourwork as a missionary and evangelist, as ing into the city for embarkation. Last well as "the man with the Book." Dur- October, twelve secretaries sailed from ing the year 5,500 copies of the Scrip- Bombay to be with the troops in tures were disposed of, and nearly 20,000 France, among them being Dr. S. K. tracts and booklets distributed. Datta, one of the young leaders in the Indian church to-day. They organize Sure Cure for Race Hatred literary, athletic, and social events, pASTOR MONSKY, Secretary of the provide post-office facilities, write let- ters for the natives by the ten thou- Evangelical Society of Austria, sand, issue a little paper in Urdu to affirms that the unhappy racial ani- furnish them with war and home news, mosities of that land cease within the run barber shops, sell mustard oil, circles of the Gemeinschaft (evangelical Christians) . "Where Jesus is really in men's hearts there are peace

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carry stuffs, soap, matches, etc., and countries as gifts of American Sunday- actually hold French classes for the school scholars, is trying hard to meet Hindu officers, having issued 25,000 the great demands that are being made copies of a booklet of French-Urdu upon it. Rev. A. C. Harte, working in phrases. The secretaries are both In- prison-camps in Germany writes: "I dians and Englishmen. am beginning to distribute the Testa- REV.Russian Protestants in War-Time ments, and long before this reaches you, I will have used up the 40,000. WILLIAM FETLER, the Rus- . It will be good if you can get another sian Baptist preacher, who, as the 40,000 or 80,000 for us." REVIEW has already stated, is now in A worker in Austria writes: "Thou- New York, is far from enthusiastic sands of soldiers and prisoners of war over the prospects of real and general :n this way get their own New Testareligious liberty being soon established ment or a copy of the Gospels which in that country. Many signs since the most of them never possest before. outbreak of the war, such as a new That the men in the trenches prize the spirit toward the Jews and the Poles, gift is evident from extracts from solhave encouraged English observers to diers' letters, such as these; . predict an era of liberalization, but "A book in the trenches is better Mr. Fetler is inclined to quite the op- than the knapsack full of provisions. posite forecast. At least, the Protes- Anyone who has spiritual food for us tants of Russia have experienced more is welcome." trouble since war began than for a long "We are hungry after spiritual food. time before it. My library consists of Faust, Lillien- Immediately after Russia plunged cron's Selected Poems, and the New into the great European struggle, Testament which one has learned again officious government agents recalled to read." that the Stundists-the original Rus- sian Protestants-were mostly non- MOSLEM LANDS resistants, and on principle opposed to The Future of Armenia war. Also, it was remembered that the Stundists arose originally in a German A CORRESPONDENT in the Mancolony within Russian bounds. On cheJ:ter Guardian, referring to Art. these grounds it was assumed that Rus- 61 of the Berlin Treaty, writes: sian Protestants were likely to be sympathetic with the enemies of the nation, "When the general settlement takes or at least indifferent to the progress place at the close of the war, the Powers of the war. Shortly after Mr. FetIer's should not forget the interests of the arrest and exile, already described, Armenians, and that not for the sake of eleven other Protestant preachers were the Armenians alone, but also for the sake banished, ten of them being sent to of Turkey and of the maintenance of Siberia. It seems plain that the most peace in Europe. Because if Armenia bigoted party of the Russian orthodox is allowed to remain in her present church has employed the war situation wretched condition she will surely convery skilfully to its own advantage. tinue to appeal to Europe and to Eng- land for help, and Europe, being moved, will seek to interfere, and thus the East- Testaments Wanted in Germany ern question will still remain open.

THE "Million Testament" Movement, "It is evident that the geographical inaugurated by the World's Sunday- and ethnological conditions of Armenia school Association to send Testaments do not permit of her being constituted and Gospels to soldiers in the warring an autonomous unit. Being a commer-

cial people in the towns, and agricultural elements of arithmetic and science. The in the rural districts, what they demand boy must drone away aloud at the is the possibility of carrying on their bus- strange rhythmic sentences without a iness, commerce and agriculture, with- word of interpretation from the teacher, out being molested by the lawless. There until he has memorized the Koran from is no need of elaborate schemes or drafts cover to cover! The Koran has some of new laws. It is quite sufficient that exalted portions, approaching in style a governor-general be appointed with and power the Book of Psalms and the consent of the Ambassadors of the Job; but as a whole it has had a degrad- Powers for a number of years. The ing and retarding influence both on the jurisdiction of this governor would ex- personal and social life. It is after all tend over the six vilayets mostly popu- a reflection of the tragedy of Mohamlated by the Armenians. This governor, med's Iife-a character gifted with rare endowed with judicial and executive spiritual powers, but under the stress of powers, would be responsible for the temptation yielding to lust, revenge, depeace and tranquility of the country ceit and the fire of fanaticism.-REv. and for the carrying out of the laws. STEPHEN V AN R. TROWBRIDGE. The governor should organize and have at his disposal a local force of militia INDIA recruited from the inhabitants, and in the case of need the military forces of German Missionaries in India the country would also be at his command. Such a governor would be quite THE British government of India capable of pacifying the country and in- has decided that all enemy aliens troducing good government, happiness in that country must be either interned and contentment in those lawless prov- or deported. The decision wiII chiefly Inces. affect the German missionaries, of whom there are a large number in A A Need of Moslem Children India. At the beginning of July, a NEED which characterizes the child considerable number of these mission- life of Moslem lands is for a Holy aries had' been removed from Assam, Book that can be understood and that is Behar and Orissa, but a fair number in the common language of the country. still remained, especially in the dis- I have often looked in upon a room full triCts of Chota Nagpur, where a Luof Turkish school boys seated cross- theran mission long has been establegged on the floor, each with his Koran lished. At the beginning of April in front of him, memorizing each line there were 442 alien enemy missionin that strange Arabic language of which aries in the whole of India, of whom he knows nothing save the alphabet. The 115 had been interned or paroled. Only Koran is a little longer than the New a few Germans and Austrians were Testament and contains a confusion of pt:rmitted to remain at large in Upper ecstatic poetry, historic legends, cere- India, and those now have been sent monial laws, and personal adventures of to the detention camp at Dagshai in the Prophet. All this is in a language the Simla district. and style as unintelligible to a Turkish or a Persian boy as Virgil's "JEneid" The work of the Schleswig-Holwould be to a boy in one of our grammar stein Mission in India has been comschools. He is under the sharp eye and pelled to stop because of the war. At threatening rod of the schoolmaster, the beginning of the war Superintenwhose whole training has been in schol- dent Timmke dismissed 200 boarding astic Moslem theology, instead of in the pupils and 78 seminarists and 194 teacher helpers who were laboring in baptismal instruction, etc. ; teachers were placed on half pay and the gov-

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ernment was successfully petitioned to these ten years. Everywhere we went take over the expense of the upkeep we could hear the people talking of of the seminary, three high schools and "The Jesus Church." Great crowds two hospitals. The male missionaries came for all the services. Except for were all placed in concentration camps two or three times when it was raining at Ahmednagar near Bombay, while the hard, the tent, seating about one thou- women and children were taken to sand, was full and most of the time more Waltair. Two sisters were allowed to than full. Fully 2,500 people attended return to Europe. The imprisoned the services each day for twelve days.

missionaries are compelled by the sub- All classes cam~. Some 1,200 portions ordinate officers to do hard labor daily. of the Scripture were sold, and 4,000 Superintendent Timmke is only allowed tracts distributed. Over 200 proba- to write once a month to the mission tioners were enlisted.

stations where there are 17,000 Chris- tians and 7,000 catechumen without an Modern Methods in Chuchow ordained native pastor. Missionary THE report of the missionaries in N eudorffer of the General Council of Chuchow, China, brings together a the Lutheran Church of North America was able to visit the field twice and striking group of facts which illustrate was of great help and benefit.-All- both the wonderful transition in China gemeine Missions Nachrichten, August, and the marvelous openings for the 1915. Gospel there now. In a small $3,000 hospital the medical missionary treated CHINA over 1,600 cases during the month and, Thirty Thousand Hear the Gospel with his Chinese helpers, vaccinated 346. The missionaries are directing L ATE in the year 1914 the two de- famine relief for 800 people by build- nominations (Southern Presby- terian and Southern Methodist) doing ing a macadam street, the money all work in this city, met to discuss the furnished by Chinese, and Christian advisability of having some sort of a services for these people are held gathering to celebrate the tenth anni- weekly in the Confucian temple! The versary of the coming of Protestantism adult Bible class in this interior Chi- to Changchow. To be sure many mis- nese city has had seventy in attendsionaries and Chinese workers had been ance, and these non-Christian officials here before and some of them left and business men have been studying faster than they came, and that to the the Gospel of Luke to find out the tune of stones and the then usual title basis of Christianity. This Chinese given to the foreigner; but it was in city is not only being led to do the the year 1904 that the first house was unheard of, construct a macadam rented and the first Protestant preach- street, but the missionaries have pushed er moved into the city. It was decided them along toward Christian ideals for to have the celebration in April, 1915. child life until they actually have a We had such a meeting as this people city playground, and gymnastic ap- had never seen. All former pastors paratus has been provided for it. And were invited and some came. The finally, China has a Boy Scout move- Suchow District tent was used, as no ment, led by the missionaries.

church was large enough to accom- A Chinese Children's Magazine modate the crowds. This we pitched on the lot formerly occupied by the. HAPPY CHILDHOOD, the new jail in the center of the city. Chang- magazine for Chinese children, is chow has never been so stirred in all meeting with unexpected success. Mrs.

MacGillivray, its devoted editor, says they considered a more acceptable in a recent letter: dress, in order to acquaint the literary class with its contents and remove the "I know you will be delighted to hear prejudice against Christianity. The that so far the magazine has met a Bible has also been introduced into very warm welcome from all parts of some Government schools as a text- China. For instance there is a mis- book. To its influence Dr. Hykes atsion to rickshaw coolies here in Shan- tributes not only such reforms as the ghai. The founder and director is a abolition of torture, the decrease of business man, and the mission take in infanticide, the going out of fashion forty copies per month and say they have of footbinding, the tendency to subnever had anything that has helped stitute monogamy for polygamy, but them so much. Miss Bonnell of the also reforms in the administration of Door of Hope says the girls have never justice, the abolition of opium-smoking, had anything to read in which they the adoption of a national scheme of have taken such interest as this mag- education, and the growing recognition azine. I also have had letters of ap- of the right of free thought, free preciation from Manchuria, Shantung, speech, and free conscience. Foochow, Canton, and many other places. General Chang in Peking of German Mission in China the Chinese army subscribes for eleven copies, ten of which he sends to an THE Missionary Magazine of the orphanage and one for his own family. In writing he said, 'This paper is truly Allegemeine Evangelische Missionsa light for the children of China.' verein reports: Since' March 1, 1915, The children's competition page is also our Seminary in Tsingtau has again a great success. Children from all been opened; about 50 pupils are now over China are sending in answers, and instructed. In March one of our Chinthis month we sent little prizes to ese was baptized. Our Chinese lady Foochow, Shantung, Manchuria, Ki- teacher, Mrs. Dschang, returned to angsi, and one to Shanghai. The sub- Tsingtau. The girls are awaiting anxscription list now stands at over six- iously the opening of our girls' school. teen hundred, and we hope for an in- Missionary Voskamp, of the Berlin Miscrease in the autumn." sion, is again allowed to preach and has opened one schoo!. The Chinese The Bible and Chinese Civilization Christians and helpers were a credit to themselves, not one of them back- MANY of the radical changes for slid. They all pray for Germany and for a speedy peace.-Calwer Missions- . the better in Chinese life, char- blatt. acter, customs and government can be directly traced to the influence of the On the China-Burmese Border Bible. The Rev. John R. Hykes of THIRTEEN thousand converts have China reported facts to prove this at the World's Bible Congress in San been baptized on the Kengtung field Francisco. Besides the various trans- in the extreme east of Burma. About lations made by missionaries, the Bible 4,500 of them are on the Chinese side was translated into Chinese by Chou- of the line. With the exception of fu, Provincial Treasurer of Shantung, eight churches near the border, these in conjunction with Li Hung-chang. converts have not been organized. They copied out the entire Bible in the When the first ingathering took place literary language, their object being to on this field eleven years ago, within produce an independent version in what a month groups came from across the China border, both of the Wa and

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

Lahu tribes, begging the missionaries on John 14: 6. The prominent ladies of to come to them at once with the the city attend this class, and some of Gospel. This same appeal has been them were baptized this year. I think sounding ever since. Native workers many preachers in America would envy who have toured the section regularly me, if they could see the enquirers' report many villages where the entire class on Saturday nights. This year population has exprest a desire to be we have had about 30 in attendance, baptized. In one of these, Ho Hko, most of them young people, and the whose 130 families all desire baptism, time is devoted only to study of the the teacht;rs stayed a few days, and Word. Ve have nine out-stations in eighteen villages from the surrounding the province, where workers are living. country sent in representatives saying There are one hundred and forty their entire villages desired baptism at towns with an average population of once. Rev. W. M. Young, in writing 5,000. Our work will be finished when of this situation, says: we shall have built up a self-supporting church in all these towns." "If we open this work on a proper basis and give them the Gospel I have Good and Evil in ConRict no doubt we will soon have more converts on this field to the north than we INa recent Church Missionary Review have in all Burma to-day." Grace Nott says: "Buddhism mad( a great effort to revivify herself some JAPAN-KOREA years ago, and, finding that Christian methods had so much success, started REV. Work in One City a campaign on the same lines, even CHARLES A. LOGAN writes going .so far as to print 'Bibles' in home: "Our work in the city of which the only difference from our own Tokushima (population 70,000) lS was that Buddha's name was substigrowing. The self-supporting church is tuted for our Lord's! Such efforts making steady progress, and gradually were naturally doomed to failure. Now reaching the more influential people of the nation is faced by the Hongwanji the city. There are two other mission Buddhist scandals; the priests are acchurches where evangelists are working, cused of living in luxury and extravaand one preaching place in the center gance on the offerings of the faithful. of the city, where I preach twice a The misappropriated money is put at week, and conduct a night-school. We the enormous figure of 2,000,000 yen, are now planning for a union evangelis- and the whole matter is being investitic campaign for this fall. About gated by the government. Sad as all eight promil1ent speakers will come, and this is, we can surely see that here also speak' in the churches, theaters, public 'God is working His purpose out.' As hall, government schools, railroad sta- one result, several well-known men and tion, and other companies' offices. Some women have become Christians; others of our most interesting meetings are are studying the New Testament and held in our home. English Bible classes buying Bibles in an unprecedented way." for students on Tuesdays, the ladies' cooking class on Wednesdays, Christian Tokyo Sunday-School Convention Poatwomen's meeting on Fridays, and the poned children's meeting and Bible study for enquirers on Saturdays. The ladies' ANOTHER result of the war has cooking class met here to-day. Mrs. been the postponement of the Logan taught them how to make ice World's Sunday-School Conventioh, so cream, and then their Bible lesson waS long announced as to be held in Tokyo in October, 1916. 58 n<l,tions wen:

represented at the Zurich Convention cation in Korea. The Korean Sundayin 1913, and it had been confidently school Association during the present expected that the holding of the next year has by the adoption of Sundaygathering in Tokyo would do much to school standards and the energetic prostrengthen the bonds which unite Chris- motion of Sunday-school· work been tians throughout the world. The Ex- fitting the Sunday-school for the greatly ecutive Committee of the World's Sun- increased responsibility it must bear for day-School Association, however, real- the Christian education of Korean ized that the belligerent nations would youth in the near future. not send delegates, and therefore decided at their meeting in September to AFRICA postpone the convention to a date soon after the close of the war, the date A New Y. M. C. A. Building in Egypt to be suggested by the Japanese Committee, of which Count Okuma, Prime REV. STEPHEN VAN R. TROW- Minister of Japan, is Chairman. An- BRIDGE sends an account of the other reason for this decision, also due opening of the new Y. M. C. A. building to the war, was that difficulties have in Alexandria on September lIth. The been encountered in the matter of building, which adjoins the Regina Palproper transportation facilities for ace Hotel, is to be used especially for the American delegates because of the scar- benefit of British soldiers and sailors. city of desirable ships. More than 3,000 The cost was met jointly by the British Americans have asked for information Y. M. C. A., the British and Australian in view of possible attendance at the Red Cross Societies, and by the Y. M. convention, a full year before the date C. A., in America. In opening the new set. building Sir Henry MacMahon, the High Commissioner, paid a high tribute to the When conditions permit, the eighth work of the Y. M. C. A. in Egypt. Mr. convention of the world's Sunday-school Jessop and his helpers have done releaders will be held in Tokyo with all markable service-both social and spiritthe features originally planned. ual-among the troops in Egypt. Not only have reading and writing tents been The Sunday-School Opportunity in established for their comfort but many have been converted in the Bible classes Korea and Evangelistic Meetings.

IN view of the Japanese ordinance Mr. Trowbridge also writes of the great opportunities presented for Chris- against religious education in mis- tian work among the wounded soldiers sion schools (already referred to in from Gallipoli who are filli,.-g the hosthe REVIEW) the Sunday-schools will have an added responsibility. While pitals of Alexandria. ~fa~y of. them the regulation is technically no more hostile to Christianity than to other having faced death are now beginning religions, and simply separates religion a new life that will never end. from education in regular schools, whether public or private, it does de- European Bishops on the West Coast prive Christian missions of one of their most valuable agencies of religious FOR a European an episcopate of education. The fact that there is yet twenty-one years in West Africa is 10 years before the full operation of the regulations gives ample time for unique, and Bishop Oluwole in his adthe organization of the 8unday-school dress to the Synod said: as a serious agency of Christian edu- We have so far had 13 European bishops of the Anglican Church on the West Coast: 9 of Sierra Leone, 2 of Accra, and 2 of Western Equatorial Africa. The first 3 bishops of Sierra

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

Leone died within 7 years-an average Ifon, and Imeri, in the Owo district, of two and one-third years. Two re- besides passing through some of the tired, each at the end of ten years. One Akure stations on the way here. At retired after 14 years, and his successor I fan and Imeri several candidates were after 4. The next died after 8 years. baptized. During the year six new The present bishop succeeded in 1910. churches have been built, and three new Bishop Hill died about six months after houses for teachers, two of these hav- his consecration. Bishop Hamlyn had ing been built in anticipation of having to retire after six years, and was suc- teachers to occupy them soon."

ceeded by Bishop O'Rorke, in 1913.

Thus you see that the episcopate of Remarkable Progress our bishop is far and away the longest NEARLY 11,000 people (7,627 of European episcopate on this coast. Nor whom were adults) were baptized should we forget that he had previously in the diocese of Western Equatorial served as a missionary among us for Africa last year-the highest number four years, so that this year also marks ever reported in one year in any Church his semi-jubilee in the country. Only Missionary Society mission. Of the six other European male missionaries adults the men numbered 5,752 and the had a longer record in West Africa: women 1,875. There are 21,399 catechu- Townsend and Wood, of 40 years each; mens on the registers, and of these Mann and Maser, of 32 each; Hinderer 14,179 are men and 7,220 women. Comof 28; and Harding of 29. menting on these figures at the first session of the fourth synod, held at The following statistics are of in- Lagos, Bishop Oluwole said: "These terest as indicating the growth of the statistics constitute a loud call to the Church in Western Equatorial Africa clergy and to all church workers to during Bishop Tugwell's episcopate: 1894. 1914. labor to instruct these multitudes in the Native Clergy ……… 17 66 things of God. . . . Let us not aim at Communicants ……… 4,000 15,600 large annual returns, but let us labor in Baptized members ….. 7,500 52,470 teaching and prayer that every candidate Catechumens. . . . . . . . . .. 1,240 21,400 baptized may indeed be born again. . . . Baptisms in the year.. 586 10,935 It is a real danger to the life of a church Scholars …………… 3,080 26,800 to fill it with baptized heathen." The Contributions ……… £3,360 £29,780 total amount contributed by Christians Communities of Christian Adherents THE Rev. H. F. Gane wrote from in the diocese tor religious purposes was Owo recently: "An interesting and £29,779 against £23,343 in the previous distinctly encouraging feature of the year.-Church Missionary Society Ga- work is that in all the small villages zette.

immediately connected with Owo there German Missions in West Africa are now small communities of Chris- T tian adherents, and in most of them HE North German Mission, whose territory in Togo which, in the besimple buildings have been erected for services by the converts themselves. ginning of the war, was an easy prey Members of the Owo church go out for the allied English and French, and Sunday by Sunday to conduct services of whose 17 European workers no less in these places, and I cycle out to one than six were imprisoned in Dahomey, or other of them as often as possible has cause to be very grateful in com- when I am not away visiting other parison to other German Missions in parts of the district. Since our arrival which the colonial war has made great it has only been possible to visit Ipele, devastations. Yet the war has been a

great hindrance. The schools are behavior were allowed to remain at their empty in 97 places, and the number of posts. Several missionaries have been pupils has decreased from 7,311 to 3,311. dismissed from the concentration camps Yet the membership in the churches, so far; from the Hermansburg Mission where 394 were baptized, numbers now all except one, from the Berlin Mission 11,682; 341 more than in the last year. all except two or four. This has been Mission property was not taken away effected, it seems, through the labor of nor destroyed by the events of the war. good Christian circles in England.- The fund for invalids deposited in the Allgemeine Missions Nachrichten. West African Bank, belonging to the native helpers, was not touched. The ISLANDS OF THE SEA missionaries, who were arrested for a short time during November, have rea- The Church of Rome in the Philippines son to hope to be able to remain in Togo during the war. The order given to the H DOnat let the Church at home think missionaries the 21st of January not to that we are facing a decadent, preach in the German or Ewe languages did not hurt the work as was feared at weakened Catholicism," writes Rev. D. first. This order was only for Lome, C. McCallum. "It is a mistake to speak and forbade the missionaries the solemn of the Roman Catholic Church in the sermon from the chancel, but not divine Philippines as decadent, and the ruined service; the native helpers were not churches here and there are not indicatroubled at all. In the interior, preach- tions of its state. Enormous sums of ing in the Ewe language received no Catholic money are being poured into the greater hindrance than that the mission- Philippines, and scores of her most inaries are only allowed to visit out-sta- telligent and capable workers are contions in the district of one day's jour- stantly coming to the islands. Dozens of ney, while the native pastors have full dilapidated buildings are being repaired liberty to go where they please, and their and numerous new buildings are being work has full recognition from the Eng- erected in new communities. Other revlish officials. Industrial conditions in enues are taking the place of the lost Togo are very difficult since the price State revenues, and a far more able and of kako has fallen from 80 to 25 cents. efficient body of workers is taking the -Allgemeine Missions Nachrichten. place of the discredited Spanish friars. Many of the newcomers are able, thor- German Missions in South Africa oughly trained, and possest of much mis- sionary zeal. The Roman Church is C ONCERNING the welfare of the straining every nerve to adjust herself German missionaries in South Af- to the changed conditions, and, one must rica, the authorities have had great appre- confess, with considerable success. The hension since the middle of May. The greatest, most bitter and prolonged brother mission received word from Eng- struggle is yet before us, and it will reland that all their missionaries should quire the highest concentration and the keep themselves ready to be imprisoned richest gifts in men and money." in concentration camps on the 23d of May. Not even the petition of Bishop Episcopal Progress in the Philippines Kalker to remain free to look after the work seemed to be successful. Fortu- THE mission to the Philippine Islands nately these things did not come to pass. which is under the direction of Bish- The German missionaries were not im- op Brent and is supported by the Ameriprisoned, but on the promise of goor! can Episcopal Church, is making solid progress. At Sagada, a station which is 5,000 feet above sea level, in the course of ten years, 1,200 persons, chiefly Igo- rQts, have been baptized. The Rev. J.

1 5] WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

Staunton and 12 assistants, Americans there were other public exercises, and and Filipinos, are in charge. Among on the 15th, "Centenary Sunday," there the industrial features of the work is the were special services throughout New operation of a great sawmill providing South Wales. A centenary offering of work for hundreds of men, women, and £50,000 is being collected, a per capita children. There are also workshops in gift of about ten dollars a member. which a great variety of tools and tin- The Methodism of Australasia, which ware are manufactured. The girls do began in 1815 with one minister and lace work and weave native fabrics. A 20 members, now reports 1,020 minisprinting-press furnishes all the printing ters, 149,767 members, 260,500 Sundayfor the district. A great stone church is school scholars, and 630,970 attendants in process of erection, as well as a hos- upon its services. pital.-The Mission Field. MISCElLANEOUS War Rumors in Borneo Sunday-School Standard. RHEINISH missionaries tell of wild reports which have spread in Bor- THE fivefold standard suggested by neo because of the war. So it is said the Missionary Department of the that after Germany had been conquered by the English and the French, International Sunday-school Associait asked help from Turkey, which had tion, adequate missionary instruction, been granted under the condition that definite missionary prayer, systematic Germany must become Mohammedan. missionary giving, practical missionary The Emperor immediately accepted Is- activities, enlisting missionary recruits, lam, and the German soldiers had the has been enlarged to a ten-point stanhalf moon sewed on their uniforms. dard, in order to make the work of the In the meantime the real truth has State and County Associations more become known. In general the respect definite in the Missionary Department. of the natives for the white man has A Ten-Point School: (1) A missionary greatly diminished through the war.- superintendent. Instruction – (2) The Allgemeine Missions Nachrichten, Au- United Missionary program; (3) Misgust, 1915. sions in the graded lessons; (4) Mis- sionary exercises and drills. Offerings Australasian Methodilm -(5) Home Mission Boards; (6) For- eign Mission Boards; (7) Union mis- METHODISM in Australia is cele- sionary movements. Service-(8) Com- brating its centenary and .Ameri- munity social service; (9) Surplus matecan Methodism will soon be celebrating rial department; (10) Recruits in prepits sesquicentenary. An English Wes- aration. leyan, the Rev. Samuel Leigh, was the pioneer minister, and he landed at The Influence of the Bible Sydney, August 10, 1815. Since that time Methodist services have never OF the many great religious gatherfailed. August 8th was Preparatory ings which have been held at San Sunday. Tuesday was Centenary Day, Francisco during the present summer, when Dr. W. H. Fitchett, of Mel- one of the most important has been the bourne, preached the commemorative World's Bible Congress, which occurred sermon in the Town Hall of Sydney early in August, at which delegates from -a city of 700,000 people-followt!d by all parts of the world were in attend- "tea meeting" and a demonstration to ance. Figures were given showing that which other conferences sent speak- during the calendar year 1914, more than ers. On Wednesday and Thursday 28,000,000 copies of the Bible or por- tions of the Bible were printed and dis~

tributed, this distribution reaching to cessant fight he waged for nearly half a every corner of the globe. century against those who would cor- rupt and mislead them. Dr. Scudder, of the Arcot Mission, stated in his address that the Bible has Mr. Comstock has died in the midst been translated, in whole or in part, into of his battle against gambling and immore than a hundred Indian dialects, and purity, but the war is to go on. The it is estimated that 250,000,000 of the Society for the Suppression of Vice has people of India have some portion of th<:! appointed as his successor Mr. John S. Scripture in their own language. It IS Sumner, for three years his associate regarded not only by British but by secretary. The offices are at 140 Nassau many Hindu officials as one of the most Street, New York. During Mr. Comimportant aids to the English nation in stock's term of office he has destroyed the government, education, and better- 50 tons of obscene books and 2,500,000 ment of the people; is studied as a text- vile pictures by which the vendors book in a great number of schools and sought to spread moral plague. colleges; is bringing together the conglomerate races into a human fellow- T Rev. G. P. Knapp, of Turkey ship, and by imbuing them with a spirit HE death at Diarbekir, Asiatic Turof humanity is gradually undermining key, of Rev. George Perkuns Knapp, the caste barriers, which have hitherto a missionary of the American Board been one of the greatest obstacles in the for twenty-five years, occurred about way of true human civilization in India. August 10th, but was not known in Amer- ica until October 1St. Mr. Knapp had OBITUARY NOTES been stationed at Bitlis, which, on the withdrawal of the Turkish forces from The Rev. Dr. Thomas S. Barbour Van before the Russian advance, be- came one of the storm centers of the T HE REV. DR. THOMAS S. BAR- war. He was formerly stationed in BOUR, formerly Secretary of the Harput. American Baptist Foreign Mission Society, died suddenly at his summer home Many of the missionaries in the intein Stoddard, New Hampshire, on Sep- rior have not been heard from ciirectly tember 28th. Dr. Barbour was highly for two months. honored and much-beloved among Baptists and others who knew him, and was A Two Missionaries in Egypt an efficient missionary secretary. Dur- WOMAN of rare charm and ability ing the last years of his life he was at as a missionary "has recently laid work on a history of the American Bap- down her life in Egypt. Mrs. A. W. tist Foreign Missions. As head of the Pollock who with her husband, were foreign mission work of his denomina- missionaries of the United Presbyterian tion, he became prominent a few years Church, had burned out her life in serago as leader in the movement to put a vice on the mission boat Allegheny. stop to the atrocities in the Kongo. Dr. After thirteen years of devoted service, Barbour was a half-brother of the Rev. she was called Home after an operation Dr. Clarence A. Barbour, President of for appendicitis. the Rochester Theological Seminary. Rev. Thomas J. Finney, D.D., a mis- Anthony Comstock, of New York sionary in Eygt since 1882, has also re- T HE United States-and, in fact, the cently gone to his reward. Dr. Finney world-can never adequately ac- was editor of the Church papers in knowledge what its youth owe to An- Egypt and was a wise counsellor, a faiththony Comstock for the brave and in- ful friend and successful missionary of Christ.

1m II ttl!

: BOOKS ON MISSIONS AND ………….. ……….. ………./ S5ION LANDS .,…, ……………// 11 South America. Observations and Im- small, and it had not yet developed many pressions. By Hon. James Bryce, LL.D. of the problems and ramifications which 8vo. 611 pp. $2.50, net. The Macmillan now characterize it. The growth has Co. New edition. 1915. been so rapid during recent years that The approach of the Congress on to-day the foreign missionary movement is generally recognized as the vastest en- Christian Work in Latin America, to be terprise of modern Christianity, repreheld at Panama in February, 1916, and senting over 300 missionary societies, the renewed discussion of South Amer- about 25,000 able and highly trained forica which it has developed, justify our eign missionaries, 2,531 educational incalling fresh' attention to this valuable stitutions, ranging from kindergartens volume, which will be one of the great to universities, 1,616 hospitals, a staff of standard works on South America for native workers numbering 130,262, a many years to come. Americans do not communicant membership of 3,167,614, need to be told that the author is one of and a Christian constituency of 7,253,- the most competent men in the world to 836. estimate correctly the character and institutions of a country and people that This immense work is scattered all he studies. His two volumes on the over the non-Christian world, and it and American Commonwealth are the best its related problems are challenging the and wisest accounts of the United States attention of thoughtful men and women that have ever been written. This states- everywhere. The great task of writing man of wide experience, comprehensive the history of this splendid movement knowledge, and sympathetic mind, re- from the beginning down to the present cords in the best literary style his ob- time has been undertaken by Charles servations and impressions of South Henry Robinson, D.D., the well-known America, to which he has added excel- Honorary Canon of Ripon Cathedral, lent notes and maps. We earnestly hope England, and Editorial Secretary of the that not only the delegates to the Pan- Society for the Propagation of the Gosama Congress, but many ministers and pel of the Church of England. His book others in America, who can not attend indicates an almost incredible amount that Congress will read this book. of labor, and it presents a wealth and variety of information which makes it History of Christian Missions. By Rev. not only exceedingly useful but really Charles H. Robinson, D.D. 8vo. 533 indispensable to the missionary student. pp. $2.00. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1915. John Hus. The Martyr of Bohemia. By A good history of Christian missions, W. N. Schwarze, Ph.D. Illustrated. 12mo. 152 pp. 75 cents. Fleming H. Revell Co. comprehensive in scope and yet reason- 1915. . ably limited in size, is an exceedingly difficult book to write. The very fact The 500th anniversary of the martyrthat it is difficult is indicative of the magnitude which the modern missionary dom of John Hus was widely celebrated. enterprise has attained. A generation ago it was easy to write such a book, for He was a remarkable character, and missionary work was comparatively came of a remarkable people. The story of his life is stirring and full of lessons

for men of to-day. Hus was born in The Progress of Doctrine in the New 1369 in a small village in South Bohemia, and was well educated in the Testament. Considered in eight lectures leading university of the day. His student life, his interest in national ques- preached before the University of Oxtions, his work as a professor and preacher, his literary work, the contro- ford, being the "Bampton Lecture" of versies with the Church of Rome, his de- 1864. By ~homas Dehany Bernard, M.A. nunciation of religious abuses, his condemnation and martyrdom are all de- 12mo. xVI-223, Is., net. Pickering & scribed concisely but graphically and Inglis, Glasgow, 1915. with power. It is a story worth reading, and if it does not inspire to similar mar- Why Four Gospels? By F. D. Van Valtyrdom, it will at least awaken an admiration for this reformer who led the kenburg. Frontispiece. i2mo. 92 pp. revolt from Rome, and will inspire to 'a similar spirit of loyalty to God and His 50 cents. Pentecostal Publishing Co fruth, Louisville, Ky., 1915. ., Comrades in Service. By Margaret E. The Social Teachings of Jesus Christ. Burton. Illustrated. 12mo. 196 pp. 60 cents, net. (Paper, 40 cents.) Mission- A Manual for Bible Classes, Christian ary Education Movement, New York, 1915. Associations, Social StUdy Groups, etc. These brief biographies are unusually By W. Beatty Jennings, D,D. 16mo. 111 interesting stories of men and women pp. 50 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell who have achieved great success in ser- Co., New York, 1915. vice. They include some well-known names like D. L. Moody, Samuel Crow- A Life at its Best. (College Voluntary ther, Chundra Lela, Jacob Riis, and others less known but worthy of ac- SBtyudRy icChaorudrseHs,enSryecoEnddwaYrdesa ra-nPda rEt thI~)1 quaintance-such as J. A. Burns of Ken- Cutler. 16mo. 145 pp. 50 cents. National Board, Y. W. C. A., New York, 1915. The Maze of the Nations and the Way Out. By Gaius Glenn Atkins. 12mo.

128 pp. 75 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 1915.

Millard Fillmore. Constructive States- man, Defender of the Constitution Presi- dent of the United States. By William Elliot Griffis, D,D., LH.D. 12mo. 159 pp. Paper, $1.25; cloth, $2.00, net. An- drus & Church, Ithaca, N. Y., 1915. The Credentials of the Cross. By North- cote Deck, M.B., Ch.M. 12mo. 133 pp. Morgan & Scott, Ltd. London, 1915.

Economic Aspects of the War. Neutral Rights, Belligerent Claims, and American Commerce in the Years 1914-1915. By Edwin J. Clapp. 8vo. xiv-340 pp. $1.50, net. Yale University Press, New Haven 1915. '

tucky, Kaji Yajima of Japan, Li Be Cu PAMPHLETS of China, and Frances Coppin, an The One Hundred and Third Annual Re- port of the American Board of Com- American negro. The lives are of varied missioners for Foreign Missions. To- gether with the Minutes of the Meeting interest-some relate to service in the held at Kansas City, Missouri, October 26-28, 1913. Illustrated. 259 pp. Pub- United States, and some abroad; some lished by the Board, Congregational House, Boston, 1915. ,had black skins and some white; some The One Hundred and Fourth Annual passed their days in comparative ob- Report of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. scurity and some in the limelight, but all Together with the Minutes of the Meet- ing held at Detroit, Michigan, October were Godly, hard-working, self-sacrific-, 13-16, 1914. Published by the Board, Congregational House, Boston, 1915. ing, and succeeded in the work they un- Five Hundred Thousand of a Hundred dertook. The life stories are inspiring Million. A Sketch of the Evangelistic Work of the Presbyterian Church in and make a valuable volume for young non-Christian lands, the third of a series of booklets published by the Presbyterian people. Board of Foreign Missions. The others in the senes deal with the educational NEW BOOKS and medical work of the Board. IlIus- trated. 87 pp. Board of Foreign Mis- Childhood in the Moslem World. By sions, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, Samuel M. Zwemer, F.R.G.S. Illustrated. Bvo. 274 pp. $2.00, net. Fleming H. 1915. Revell Co., New York, 1915.

Protestant Missionary Directory of In- dia for 1915-1916. Compiled by Jas. In- glis. 12mo. xxx-242 1>P. Scottish Mis- sion Industries Co., Ltd., Ajmer, Raj- putana, India.

The Missionary Review of the World — 1913 Index

CJ:he 8liss{onary 'R..eview

of the World VOL. XXXVI. OLD SERIES VOL. XXVI. NEW SERIES Founded in 1878 by Editor-in-Chief, 1888 to 1911 REV. ROYAL G. WILDER, D.O. REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON, D.O.

JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 19]] EDITOR DELAVAN L. PIERSON ASSOCIATE EDITORS REV. D. L. LEONARD, D.D. J. REV. STUART HOLDEN FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY NEW YORK LONDON

BY FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY Printed ;n the United States

OF ONE VOLUME OF THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

Each year the MISSIONARY REVIEW contains the equivalent of 21 volumes, a complete library .of Missions, on the history, methods, principles, and progress of Missions and the lives of Missionaries and Native Converts. Each small volume would contain about 30,000 words (150 pages).

INDEX FOR 1913 MAPS AND DIAGRAMS PAGE PAGE Balkan States •••….•.•…..•.•••.•••••••• 265 Methodist Cake is Cut, How the_ ………. _ 908 Cair<>, The Hand that Shoots the Arrow of Moslem World ……… _…….. Facing page 7 Mottoes Used in the United Missionary Cam- Thought into the Moslem World …•.••. 350 Charts Used by the United Missionary Cam- paign .•…………………………. 909 Protestant Mission Work for Indians ……. 835 paign .. __ …. _.•…•……… _.. _____ . 902 South America, North half of…………… 198 Theremometer, A Missionary……………. 29 Chinese View of the Church in China …… 641 Turko-Balkan Controversy, Region of the_.. 87 Every-Member Canvass Charts. _____ …. _… 909 United Missionary Campaign in One District 908 Home Missions, Striking Argnment for •….• 908 Maps Used in the Missionary Campaign …. 905 PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE PAGE Africa, Central, Audience at a Preaching Atlantic City, Men's Missionary Conference Service of the Scotch Presbyterian Mis- Dinner at ……………………….. 903 sion in Livingstonia……………….. 161 Beck, William ……………………….. _ 593 – – I n Livingstone's Ti~e ana NDW_~ __ …. 170 Borden, William Whiting ••……•…..••.• 561 – – and his Guide Mountain Climbing in – – Livingstone Monument in …………. 172 – South, Colored Churchwardens of the Switzerland … _…………………. _ 567 – – Boy Athlete ………….. _.. . . .. .. .• 569 Rhenish Mis~ion, Larepta…………… 49 Bulgaria, Czar and Czaritza of. ………… _ 413 – – Compound, Sunday' Morning Service in 432 – Monument to Alexander II. and Parlia- – – Inside a Zulu Kraal. …………….. 428 – – Typical Compound………………… 429 ment Buildings, Sofia ……………… 415 – Typical Boloki Headman …………….. 175 – Protestant Collegiate and Theological Insti- African Church in Southern Rhodesia, N alive 45 – Dance in Compound, Native South ..•••• , 431 tute, Samokov …………………….. 401 – – Compound Mission, EVangelists of the.. 433 – Students of the Collegiate and Theological Alaska Indians Ready for a Pot-Latch ••.•.. 127 – Kian Totem, Ketchikan……………… 125 Institute, Samokov ……………….. 401 – Old Kassam, Typical Indian Village in…. 131 Bulgarian Man and Woman ….••……••.• 417 America, Religious Sects in …………….. 257 Cairo, General View of……………….. 13 Arab War Dance, Mesopotamia ………… 737 "Caractors" fabricated by Joseph Smith in Arabic Leaflets for Moslems on Comparative 1828 ……………………………… 355 Religion ……………………. __ … 727 Chengtu Union University, Temporary Build- Armenia, Gregorian Church School at Dzak•• 815 – Interior of the Gregorian Church at Dzak. 801 ings of …………………………. 113 Asia Minor, Churches used in a Stereopticon Chew, Rev. Ng Poon ………………….. 509 China, City of Wuchang, Looking Acr<>ss the Gospel Tour in …………………… 801 – – New Protestant Chapel at Sheplk…… 801 Yangste River from Han yang…….. 109 – – Ready for the Pictures, Protestant – Distributing ~criptures to the Pilgrims Re- Church at Haiu;………………….. 817 turning from the Hunan Sacred Moun- Assiut Presbyterian Churcb cared fDr by an tain …………………………….. 328 – EYangelist Hsiao and the Idols in the Egyptian Pastor…………………… 499 Half-Way Tempi", Hunan Sacred Moun- tain ……………………………. 337 —-I Evangelist Hsiao Talking with .Pilgrim T'eng ….. _……………………… 337 PAGE PAGg China, Evangelist Li, Student and Preacher. 338 Japan, General Synod of the Protestant Epis- _ Graduating Class of Native Pastors, 1912. 531 copal Church in ……….••……….. 65~ _ Hunan Sacred Mountain and the Autumn – Graduating Class, Morioha Kindergarten.. 37 Bible-school •….. __ …………… __ ., 333 – St. John's Church, Kyoto .•.•….•…•.•• 658 _ John R. Matt and the National Mission- – Union Church at Karuizawa………….. 34- Japanese Christian Family…….•..•..•…. 661 ary Conference at Shanghai ………•.. 481 Jews of Morocco in the Ruins of their _ Kneeling Pilgrims Returning from the Houses ………•…….•…•.••.••.•• 409- Hunan Sacred Mountains .•….•.••.••.• 327 K<>ngo, At a Boloki Drinking Bout …..••••. 177 _ lIap Accompanying the Report of One – Houses of One Monsembe Man and his Party of Colporteurs ………….•.•… 336 Wives ………….•………….•.••• In _ ~Hssion School Children Receiving Diplo- — Woman of Wealth ………………….. 175 mas in ………………••.••..•••••• 35 Korea, Open-Air Meeting of the First Pres- _ Missionaries and Evangelists Attending the byterian General A&sembly .. :.. ……… 30 First Hunan Autumn Bible-school. ..•.•• 332 – Severance Medical College…………… 899 _ Pilgrims Kneeling at a Shrine of the Main – The Church that Song Ssi Saved-Now a Temple, Hunan Sacred Mountain ……. 321 Christian Girls' Schoo!. ……………. 283 _ Pilgrims on Steps Leading up the Ten- – The Man Who "Became as a Little Child"

Mile Road to the Top of Hunan Sacred for 'the Sake of Christ…………….. 285 Mountain ……….. . . . . . . . . . • . • • . . . .• 329 Korean Children ….•….•..••………… 36 _ Slave Girls at the Gateway of the Chief'. – Gentleman ………………………… 33 Compound …………………..•.••• 743 Livingstone Attacked by a Lion…………. 169 _ Son of a Pastor in………………… 33 Livingstone, David ……… ,………….. 166 _ Three Christian Leaders in …………. 111 ~ Monument in Central Africa …………. 172 Chinese Americans of the Pacific Coast, One Livingstone's Back, Large Spear Grazed ..•.. 170 of the …………………………. 501 – Pioneer Work, One Result of ………… 161 -Costumes for Missionary Sunday ………. 913 Long, George …•..•…….••…..•..•…. 594 _ Gospel Poster Used in Colportage Work •• 327 –at his Desk……………………… 587 _ Illustration, Mo.ses Lifting up the Serpent 331 Macedonia, Turkish Town of Monastir ….•• 267 _ _ The Wi,e and Foolish Virgins ……… 331 Masumi Hino and His Family …………… 647 _ Missionary Houseboat, Traveling in …… . 31 Mecca, A General View of…………….. 9- – Street Scene, Typical ……………•…• 32 ::Iesopotamia, Arab War Dance …………. 737 Constantinople ………………………. . 11 ?.1e5sage in Stone-Dr. Pierson's Monument. 207 _ Interior of Mosque of St. Sophia..•••…• 81 1feyer, Louis ……………………….. 671 _ Looking Across to Asia from Robert Col- Mohammed, Most Revered Portrait of. ….. 411 lege …………………………….. 89 Moscow, Holy Home of the hersky Virgin. 763 – Mosque of St. Sophia………………. 81 M(}rmon Municipal Dancing Pavilion ….••. 255 _ The "Sublime Porte"……………….. 16 – Public School Children ……………… 250 Ding Li Mei, the D. L. Moody of China ..•. 111 – Temple and Tabernacle, Salt Lake City•• 252 Egypt, Graduating Class, 1909, Girls' Board- – Young Men in Training to go on a "Mis- ing-school, Now Cairo Girls' College…. 499 _ New American Mission Buildings at Assiut 496 sion" …………………………… 251 _ Nile Mission Boat "Ibis" at Luxor …… 495 Morocco, French Army Maneuvering in…. 408 _ Third Class Ward in the Mission Hospital, – Jews of, in the Ruins of their Houses… 409 Assiut ………………………….. 497 – Mosque and Market Place in …………. 407 Eleonora, Czaritza of Bulgaria …………. 413 Navajos at Indian Wells, Arizona, Good Ferdinand, Czar of ·Bulgaria ……..•…..•• 413 Guatemala City, Fashionable Street in…… 811 Samaritan Hospital for…………….. 832 – Masqueraders at a Roman Catholic Festival Navajo Rogan …….. : ………………. 836 in …………………………….•• 807 Nosu Men, Group of Independent ……….. 742 _ Women Washing at the Public Fountain .• 809 ~ Warrior with an American Colt's Rifle .. 745 Hankow, City of, Looking Across the Han Nosuland, Missionary S. Pollard and Friends River from Han yang ……………… 108 Hsiao, Evangelist M. K. ………………. 335 in …………..•……•……•..••.•• 741 Idol Worship ……………………….. 754 – On the Border of. …………………. 743 Immigration Pageant at Silver Bay ……… 843 – Retainer's House and Lady Chief's Tower. 744 Oberlin College, Ohio, Severance Chemical India, Darkness and Light: Contrasts in Womanhood in ……………….•..••• 241 Laboratory ………………………. 898 Persia, Dancing Girls of Gishsoc ………… 487 – Dr. Martha Sheldon's Home, on the Road – Opponents-Turkish Moslems at Prayer on to Tibet …………••……….•••••• 275 the Persian Border………………… 491 – Man of Bhot, North, Near the Tibetan – Return from a Missionary Tour, Teheran. 493 Border ………………………..•.. 277 Philadelphia, Interior of the Inasmuch :Mis- Indian Church "n Klamath Reservation, Ore- sion ……………. _……. _…..••.• 591 gon ………………….. ; ……….. 836 – Some of the Raw Material at the Mission 589 Philippopolis, A Typical Bulgarian City .•••.• 412 – Tepees ………………..•..•…•.•••• 836 Pierson, Arthur T. .. …………………. 205 Japan, Christian Lecture in the Old Assem- Pollard, S.. and Friends in Nosuland …•… 741 Presbyterian Synod of the Nile-March, 1909 498 bly Hall, St. Margaret's Institute.•.••.. 657 Putumayo Indians. Some of the………… 197 – Conference of the S.P.E., CM.S., and Rhodesia, Native African Chur~h in Southern 45 American Episcopal Missions in ……… 654

INDEX

:PAGE PAG", Russia, Ancient Church of St. Basil, Moscow 761 South American Rubber Bought by Blood of – Street Shrine in ……………………. 762 the Indians………………………. 20Z Russian Parish Priest …………………. 761 – Peasants on the Way to a Church Cde· Tengchofu, China, Severance Buildings at … 895 Thessalonica Agricultural and Industrial In· hration …..•.••…•………..••..•.• 765 Salonica, Arrival of the Greek King in…… 268 stitute ……………………•……• 271 – Mosque of St. Sophia, in the Hands of the Tibetan Woman ……………………… 27t Tigris, Typical Arab Town on the ……….. 735- Bulgarian Soldiers. . . . • . .. . • • • .. . • . . . .. 265 Tokyo, Graduating Class of St. Paul's Col· – Quay at …………………. '" ……. 93 – Turkish Refugees at the International lege ……………………….•…..•. 659> Tsao Li, Y.M.C.A. Leader of Shanghai .•..• 111 Committee's Camp, near ……………. 269 Tucson, Arizona, John Eliot Memorial Chapel. Salt Lake City, Looking N<>rth on Main Papago Mission ………………….. 831 Street ………………………….• 247 – – Presbyterian Mission School at.•….. 83() San Francisco, Interdenominational Japanese Turkish Refugees at the International Com- Missionary Society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • 505 mittee1s Camp, near Salonica ……….. 269 – Mission Day·school for Chinese Children. 503 Utah Gospel Mission Evangelists Vith Their Severance, Louis H. . ………………… 881 Shanghai, Interior of a Chinese Mohammedan Gospel Wagons …………………… 361 – Presbyterian Mission School in ……….. 363 Mosque in ……….•… ,………… 103 – The N ebo "Stake" Tabernacle, Payson .•. 254 Sheldon, Dr. Martha ….•…..•.••…..•.. 273 – Typical VilIage Tithing Yard, Willard …• 253 Smith, Josepb, Bronze Statue <>f. ••••••••••• 249 Weeks, J. H., Doctoring a Crocodile Bite … 179> – President Josepb F., Polygamous Family Western Reserve University, Col1eg€l for of, the Present Head of Mormonism •.•• 256 Women …………………………. 896 Sofia, Monument to Alexander II. and Par- Williamst Channing Moore ……………… 653 liament Buildings ………………… 415 Wooster, Ohio, Severance Library at the – Protestant Church in ……………….. 419 Solomon Islands Bushman ………..•.•..•• 520 University of ……………………. 807 – –.., Mission Schools, Missionary Visiting .. 518 –War Canoe of the ……………….. 519 Wl1chang, City of, Looking Across the Yang· Sun Vat Sen ……………………….. . 117 ste River from Han yang ………….. 109 Zia Hang-eai, Eloquent Chinese Preacher… III AUTHORS PAGE PAGE: BAIRD, ELIZABETH STRANG .••.••.••..••..••• 820 GYAW, HLA •••••••••…•..•••…….•. 294 BAKEMAN, PERCIVAL R.•………………. 123 HALLIWELL, H •••.•••••…………. :. 767 BAKER, A. W. • •••••••••••••…••••.•••••• 428 HANSON, O .••.•.••••.••…•••….•..•….. 291} BARTON, ]AMES L. •••••••••••.••••••••••••• 87 HARSAMJI, ALEX • . • • • . . . . . . . • . • . . . . . . . • . . • 595 BEAMAN, W. F………………………. 108 HARTZELL, JOSEPH C………………….. 769 BEACH, HARLAN P. ……………•..••.••. 45 HAYMAKER, EDWARD M. • ••••.•••..•.•..•••• 807 HENDRIX, E. R. ……………………… 442 BRAIN, BELLE M……… 173, 278, 753, 843, 910 BROUGHTON, W. G ••••••.•••••••••••••••••• 536 HERRICK, GEORGE F. • •••••..••..•••…. 119, 421 CARPENTER, W. B. …………………••. 52 HICKS, HARRY WADE ••••..•••••••••••••••• 843 CARROLL, H. K ••••••..••.•…•••…•••…. 257 HINMAN, GEORGE W. • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . • 501 CLARK, FRAN CIS E. …………………… 495 HlNo, MASUMI •••••…..•.•.••.••..•..•..• 647 CLARK, JOHN W. • •••.•…..••.••••••••••• 830 HOLLISTER, GEORGE W. ., ..•…•..•.•.••..• 600 eOAN, FREDERICK G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487 HOUSE, JOHN HENRY •••••.••….••••••.••• 26$ COCHRAN, MRS. JAMES •••••..•••.•.•…••• 135 HUNTER, SrANLEY A. • •••…•.•…••.•..•• 813 CRAWFORD, DAN • / ••••••.•••••.•..••..••••• 532 HUTCHINS, WILLlAM J. . ………….. 167, 521 CURTIS, PIERSON ..••••••••…….••.•••••• 115 INWOOD, CHARLES ••..•…..•…..•..•…•• 851 JARRETT, J. L. …………………… 201, 853 DANNER, W. M. . ……………..•…..•• 208 DEC-Ie, NORTH COTE ••••••••••••.•••••••••••• 518 JOHNSON, HOWARD AGNEW …………….. 937 ERDMAN, CHARLES R. …………………. 567 KELLER, FRANK A. …………………… 327 f'ROST, HENRY W. . ………………….. 134 KERR) ROBERT •.•••••…..•.•••….•. , ….• 407 KIRMICHI, KOZAKI ••.••.• _ . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . .• 661 FULLERTON, W. Y. . ………………….. 378 GALE, JAMES S. ……………………..• 688 KOONS, E. WADE .••••••••••••••••..••.•••• 283 GLAss. FREDERICK C. …………………• 934 LABAREE, MRS. BENJAMIN W. • ••……..•• 578 GLOVER, ROBERT H. . .•.••………….. 585, 678 LEVERING, LEVI •..•.••.•••••••••………. 857 GoOCH, FLORENCE E. • .•…••..•..•.•••••.• 933 LoNG, GEORGE ••..•••••••…•••…•. 586 GoFORTH, MRS. JONATHAN, 529 MASON, MRS. LANDON R •••.••……..•.•.. 376 GoOD, JAMES I ……………………….. 608 McGILLIVRAY, DONALD •.•.•……………. 339 GRACEY, LILLY RYDER ••••.••••…..•..•••• 273 MEYER. LOUIS .•…•….••……•..••…••• 1 GRIFFIS, WILLIAM ELLIOT ••••.•…••••.•..• 653 MILLER, WILLIAM B. …………… 903

PAGE PAGE MORGAN. G. CAMPBELL ..••…•••…•.•••.• 23 SPEER, ROBERT E. . ..•………………•.• 204 MOTT, JOHN R………………………. 454 MYERS, H. W. • •••••••.••..•.•.••.•.•.••• 287 SPENCER, DAYID …………………….. 690 NUTTING, JOHN D. • .•••.••••.••.••••• 241, 355 ODELL, JOSEPH HENRY ……………….. 611 STANDING, P£RCY CROSS ..••.••..•.•••..••• 197 PADDOCK, Mas. JOHN .•••.•..•.•.•..•..•••• 855 STEINER, EDWARD A. •………•…….•.•. 187 PALMER, CAROLIIIE L. …………………• 31 TOML[NSON,_ ROBER'I: ••••••••••••••••••••••• 125 PARSHAD, MASIH ••••••••••••••••••••.••••• 669 TROTTER, MISS I. LILIAS ……………… 582 PETTUS, W. B. ..••••.•••………….••• 103 UPSON,. ARTHUR T. • .••.•..•.• 351, 730, 821, 926 PIERSON, ERNEST DELANCy ••••..•. 193, 369, 458 VAN. Ess, JOHN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735 POLLARD, S. • •••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••• 741 VAN NORDEN, WARNER M ……………… 272 POPOFF, M. N. • •.•••••.••.•••••••••••••••• 412 VENABLE, MRS. W. A. ……………….. 694 RIGGs, CHARLES T. …………………… 17 VERMILYE, MISS ELIZABETH •••••……..••. 855 RIGGs, HENRY H. ••••••••••••••.•••••••••• 815 WATSON, CHARLES R. ………………….. 345 ROBERTS, PHILIP I. …………….•.••••• 181 WATT, MRS. STUART •••••.•••…•..•••.••• 685 ROHOLD, S. B. ………………………. 887 WHITE, STANLEY ••••••••.••.••••••••••••• 895 ROUNDS, MRS. T. C. ………………… 671 WILSON, S. G. •.•..••••…………..•.•.. 57 SMITH, ARTHUR H. • ••..•.•••.•.. 746, 837, 919 W,NTER, NEVIN O. • •••••••.••••.••••••••• 760 SMITH, FLORENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 YAPLE, G. R. …….. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. … 438 YOUNG, S. HALL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61~ ZWEMER, SAMUEL M . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 9S, 727, 769 SUBJECTS¥ PAGE PAGE Abyssinia, Death of Menelik Reported 310 Africa, Testimony of a Negro Boy i~ …… 463 – "The Year of Love" in Central (b) Dan Administration, Cost of Missionary……… 379 Crawford ……………………….. 532 Advertising and Missions •••••..•.••….••. 464 – Universities Mission in .•…•..•.•.•••.• 555 – West, New Station Opened in •••••••••.•• 232 Afghanistan, Moslems in ………………. 96 – …:.. British ………………………… 709 – – Islam Aggressive in the Yoruba Country 796 AFRICA, Anti·Moslem Sentiment in..••.•.. 721 – – Signs of Dawn in ………………… 165 – – Waiting for a Teacher in …•••.••• 155, 634 – Boy Preacher …………………….. 709 – Woful Spiritual Needs of ……………. 632 – C. T. Studd goes to ………………… 231 African Boarding-school under Difficulties… ISS – Chief Destroys Objects of Worship …… 873 -~ Central, German Mission at Ujiji. …..•.. 156 African Church, Another Live .•••…•.••.•• 953 – Experience, Stirring Volume of (a) Re- – Delights of Travel in ………………… 636 viewed by Belle M. Brain…………. 173 – Difficulties in Ovamboland………….•.. 232 – Mohammedans and the Gospel, North .•.•• 309 – Pentecost ………….'… .. . . . . .. • .. … 73 – East, Islam Making' Rapid Gains in .•.•..• 635 – "Rush" into the Church …………….. 874 – Savages, Life Among (b) Mrs. Stuart – Evangelizing a Great Agency .•••..••••.• 795 Watt ………………………….. 685 – German East, First Fruits in Ruanda •••• 155 African's Story of the Prodigal Son (b) .•.•• 696 Ainu, John Batchelor, Apostle to the …….. 626 Great Revival in ………..••.•..•.•••• 953 Alaska, Christian Endeavor in ••••……••.. 864 – Islam in ………. .. .. . .. . .. .. • .. • .. .• 309 – Good News from …………………… 545 – Protestant Episcopal Work in .••••..••••• 220 – Kings Baptized in Ovamboland ……….. 310 -Rising Tide in. S. Hall young………. 615 – Teaching the Indians in (a) Robert Tom· – :'>foslem Activity in ………………… 634 Iinson ………………………….. 126 — North, Discarding Islam ……•……… 565 Albania and the Gospel. ……………….. 322 – Missionary Ordered Out of ……….•… 225 – – Methodist Mission Work in. . .. . .. . .. . . 72 – News from •.•………….•……•.•.. 225 – – Outlook in •…….•…………….. 393 – Outlook in ……………………….• 885 Algeria, Emigration of Mohammedan from ••• 395 – – Then and Now ………………… 462 Alliance Mission in Gujerat ••.•••..•..••••• 622 Alone with God (b) John R. Mott ………. 454 – Progress in 1912 ………………….. I Alphabet for India? …………………. 949 "America, a FOTeign Mission Field" .••.•••• 313 – Promising Outlook in ……………… 311 – Results of Missions in …••.•..••.•.•••.. 952 – Rome's Work in ..••.••..•.••….••.•••. 462 – Royal Epistle •.•••….•….. '.' …..••.• 312.

– Shame in Southwest ……………….. 556 – South, Mission in the Gold Mines…….. 636 –Needs of ………………………. 875 – – New Scheme for Evan:;elization in …. 954 – – Problems of the Native Church in (a) H. P. Beach •••.••••….•.••••••.• 45 – – Progress in ……………………. 165 – – Strong Drink and Crime in •…•••••.. 955 – – The Color Line in (a) A. W. BakeT… 428 –The White League ………………. 312 * (a) indicates an article over 3 pages in length; the letter (b) a brief article from one to three pages in length. All other subjects indexed are less than one page in length. The number of the + month when any given artiele appeared may be found by dividing ,the number of the page by 80 and adding 1 to the unit so obtained. For example: page 548. -;. 80 = 6, 1 = 7 (July).

INDEX

PAGE PAGE AMERICA, Chinese Women Students in •••• 220 Bapti~ts, I{U5sians Against . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80l America, .At-ousing the Church in (a) W. B. Barnardo'. Homes, Dr. ……………….. 65 Miller ………………………….. 903 Barol)" David, in America •.•.• '.' ………..• 791 – Christian Work for Orientals in (a) Geo. Batchelor, John, Apostle to the Ainu .•.••..• 626 Battles of a Spiritual Warrior (Arthur T. W. Hinman ………..:…………… 501 – Comlention of Southern Laymen ••.••••••• 390 Pierson) (b) Robert E. Speer …••..• 204 – Cooperative Work for Orientals in ……• 485 Beast, Sacrifice to the ………………… 62 – Dendo-Dan, Japanese in ••••••••••••••••• 790 – Hindu Missionary on the Pacific Coast•••• 792 BeiJiss, Defeat of Superstition .•.•………• 947 – Hosts of Immigrants to …… '.. …….. 789 – Japanese in .'………………………. 792 Beirut Theological Seminary .•…..••••••.. 8S – Meeting Italians as They Land in …….. 789 Belgium and the Kongo …… -. . . . . • • • • • . • •. 462 – Outlook for Unity in ………………. 61 Berea, Kentucky, Revival at ……••.••.•.. 392- – Progress in ………………………… 1 – Revival at Berea, Kentucky…………. 392 Bermuda, Portuguese Becoming Protestants in 221 – Volunteer Movement for Home Missions •• 485 Bible Distribution, Hidden Fruits of, in China 7~ – Was This in Free …………………. 791 – – i n Hunan, China (a) Frank A. Keller.. 327 American Board Celebrating an Anniversary – for the Eskimo ……………………. 544 – for Travelers in Armenia ~"""'''''''''''''''' 782- in India…………………………. (381 – in Bagdad ………………………… 783 – Leper Colony, Visit to an (b) W. M. Dan- – in Russia ………………………… 717 ner ……………………………. 208 – Scenes and Customs in Korean Life. Mrs. – Savages and the Turk ……………… 469 Americans, New, for a New America ••..•.•• 941 W. A. Venable …………………… 694 Among a Forgotten People in Brazil (b) – Societies, Comity Between ……•..•..•.. 862- – Society, World's Greatest… . .•.•••••••.• 65 Frederick C. Glass ……………….. 934 – Teachers' Training School …••……••.. 62- Angola, New Station Opened in …. "……. 72 – Work, American …………………… 713 Anti-Mosiem Sentiment in Africa •••••••••• 721 Bibles for Arab Pilgrims ………………. 385 Apple, Trees in the …………………… 311 Bolivian Missions and Putumayo Indians (b) Arabia, Dr. Zwemer at Jiddah ••••••••••••,•• 469 – God's Hand as I saw it in (a) John Van Percy Cross Standing ……………… 197 Bombay Social Service League ……••.•••• 70S Ess , …………………………… 735 BOOKS ~new) •….. 160, 240, 320, 399, 480, 560- – Islam in …………………………. 98 Arabic Bible, New …………•…•….•.. 148 640, 720, BOO 879 Arabs, Among the Bedouin .••.•….•….. _. 386 Arab Pilgrims, Bibles for ….••••..••.•..••. 385 – Among Central African Tribes. S. J. Corey 239" Arctic Travel-A Parable …….•……….. 538 Armenia, Bible for Travelers in………… 782 – Among Kongo Cannibals. J. H. Weeks.159, 173 – Gideons iJf …………………………. 226 – America, God's Melting Pot. L. C. Craig. 798- Armenians 9iving of Their Poverty ……… 303 – American Social and Religious Conditions. – Two Great-Hearted ………………… 390 Army.and Navy Chaplains Needed ………. 543 Charles Stelzle ., …………….•..• 235 – – – Y. M. C. A. Secretaries for ……•.• 862 – Apa Suka Tuan. J. Angus • . . . . . . . . . • . . .. 638 Arthingtoll's Will, Robert …………….. 386 – Appeal of Medical Missions. R. F. Moors- Articles Worth Reading …….•……….. 240 head ……………………..•……. 960' ASIA, Methodists Work in Southern ……..• 147 – Apostle of the North. Memoirs of Rev. Atlanta's Campaign .against Vice., ………. 629 William Carpenter Bompas. H. A. Cody. 238 – Around the World in Studies and Stories of Presbyterian Missions. C.. E. Bradt, W. R. King, H. W. Reherd …………… 639' .~ Arthur T. Pierson: A Spiritual Warrior, Mighty jn the Scripture. D. L. Pierson. 204- – Banks of the Ganges. C. Morison …….. 479 A USTRALIA, Missionary Progress in…… 801 – Bibliography for Missjonary Students_ H.

– Revival in ………………………… 154 U. Weit'Jrecht. Editor ……………. 719- Australian Board 'of Missions … ", …. ' . " .. 312 – Burma, What Books to read on …•….. ,. 879- Austria, 'ILos von Rom" movement in …. 66. 620 – Call of the New South ………………. 319- – Methodism in ………. .. .. . .. . .. . …. 546' – Call of the World. W. E. Doughty…… 17 Azar;1Ih, V. S;-First Anglican Indian Bishop 145 – Can the World be Won for Christ? N. Baffin Land, Thrilling Experience in (b) W. MacLean·. ……….. ………….. 77 G. Broughton ……………………… 536 – Camp and Tramp in African Wilds. E. Bagdad, Bible in …………………….. 783 Torday …………………………. 478 – Opportuuity for Love in ………….••.. 868 — Canada's Greate;;t Need. E. Rogers…… 799- Balkan War, By-product of the ……. , ….. 547 – Catch-my.-Pal. R. J. Patterson ………. 236- – – Mohammedanism and Christianity (a) – Cantoa Christian College Bulletin …….. 879- J. L. Barton…. ………………. 87 – Children at Play in Many Lands. K. S.

– -. Political and Religious Results of the Hal! ………………………….•• 72Q- (a) C. T. Riggs …………..,' .. . .. 17 – Children of Borneo. E. H. Garnes .. 319, 64.

– -.Zone, Christians in the ….•…….•… 387 – China Mission Year Book. D. McGillivray. 158- Balkans, Missionaries in the War Zone…… 67 – Chinese St. Francis, or The .Life of Bro- – Open Door in the …………. ,…….. 321 ther Mao. C. C. Brown . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . 20110 – Religion and Politics in the .•…. , ….•… 644 – Christian' Education of Women in .the East. 159- Bangkok, Training School at ••••………. 147 – Christian Movement in Japan for 1913. J.

Baptist F. Y. S.• Woman's American ….•… 862 L. Dearing, Editor …………. 877 Baptist.. lot Ru..ia, Difficulties of .•…••••••• 405 – Chri.tianity at Work. C. S. Macfarland .. SSS:

PAGE PAGE Books. Claim of Suffering. E. K. Paget. .. 317 Rooks. Modern Call of Missions. J. S. – Comrades from Other Lands. L. A. Di· Dennis ………………………….. 798 mock ………………………….. 798 – Modern Pioneer in Korea. W. E. Griffis.. 79 – Constructive Quarterly. S. McBee, Editor. 638 – Mortimers. The. J. A. S. Batty ………. 640 – Daily Life in Palestine. A. Forder …… 479 – Muslim Sir Galahad. H. O. Dwight•••.•• 478 – Dry·Dock of a Thousand Wrecks. P. I. – Nathan Sites. S. M. Sites …………… 558 – New America. M. C. and L. C. Barnes .• 798 Roberts ……………………… 78, 181 – New Thrills in Old China. C. E. Hawes .. 55~ – Education of Women in India. H. C. – Notable Women of Modern China. M. E.

Cowan …………………………. 317 Burton •.•..•…••………•.••.•.•••• 557 – Elemental Forces on Home Missions. L. – Ordinary Man and the Extraordinary C. Barnes …………..•.•……….. 238 Thing. H. Begbie …………•……• 79 – English for Coming Americans. Peter – Our Missionary Heritage. A. D. Watson •• 639 – Our Neighbor: The Japanese. J. K. Roberts ………………………… 80 – English Woman's Twenty.five Years in Goodrich ……………………….. 877 – Our Opportunity in China. J. A. S. Batty 319 Tropical Africa …………………. 318 – Parish of the Pines. T. S. Whittles …… 236 – Epoch ~fakers of Modern Missions. A. – Pastor Hsi. G. G. Taylor ••••••.•••.••••• 639 – Pennell of Bannu. A. L……………… 159 McLean ………………………… 398 – Personal Life of David Livingstone. W. – Fight for Life. F. M. Hensley………. 318 – Ghosts of Bigotry. P. C. yorke .•..•••• 639 G. B1aikie •.••……….•………… 240 – Half 'I Century in China. A. E. Moule ..• 278 – Place in the Sun. H. W. Case ……•.•• 478 – Handbook of Modern Japan. E. W. Cle· – Primer of Hinduism. J. N. Farquhar •… 878 ment …………………………… 719 – Progress and Arrest of Islam in Sumatra. – Hinduism~Ancient and Modern. J. A. G. Simon ……………………… , 369 Sharrock ………………………. 719 – Putumayo: The Devil's Paradise. W. E. – Holy Bible ……………………….. 159 – Home Mission Task. V. L. Master …•.. 877 Hardenburg …………………….. 458 – Human Progress Through Missions. J. – Rainbow in the Rain. J. C. Cochran…. 160 L. Barton •.••••..•… , .••……•.•… 239 – Hundred Years of Missions. D. L. Leon- – Revivals of Religion. C. G. Finley…….. 879 – Scarlet Woman. I. M. Haldeman …….. 720 ard •…………………………… 559 – Shantung, the Sacred Province of China, – Immigrant: An Asset and a Liability. F. in Some of its Aspects. R. C. Forsyth. 157 J. Harkin ……….. , …………… 799 – Some Immigrant Neighbors. J. R. Henry. 80 – Immigrant Forces: Factors in the New De- – Sorrow and Hope of the Egyptian Sudan.

mocracy. W. P. Shriver .•..••••••••.• 799 C. R. Watson ……………… : ….. 639 – Indian Unrest. V. Chirol …•………… 959 – In the Heart of Savagedom. Mrs. S. Watt. 685 – South Mobilizing for Social Service. J. – Inside View of Mission Life. A. L. Baird. 800 – Islam Lands. Nubia, The Sndan, Tunisia E. McCullock ………………….. 878 – Spiritual Culture and Social Service. C. S. and Algeria. M. H. Shoemaker . . . . . . 318 – Isle of Edin. J. D. Duggan …………. 237 MacFarland .:…………………… 720 -Just Before the Dawn. R. C"Armstrong .. 193 – Steep Ascent. E. E. Entwistle ………• 638 – King's Business. M. W. Raymond .•.•… 798 – Struggle for Christian Truth in Italy. G. – Land of the New Guinea Pigmies. C. C. Luzzi ……..•………•..•……..•. 637 Rawling ……•.••……..•.••..•.•. " 477 – Sunshine and Shadow on the Tibetan Bor· – Land of the Peaks and the Pampas. Jesse der. F. B. Shelton ………………. 559 Page ………••………..•.•.••..•.. 637 – Survey of the Missionary Occupation of – Life of Arthur Jackson of Manchuria. A. China. T. Cochrane ……………… 797 J. CosIan ………………………… 79 – Theosophy and the Coming Christ. E. R.

– Life of G. L. Wharton. E. R. Wharton .. 479 McNeile ……………………….. 877 – Livingstone, David. C. S. Horne .••.••.. 239 – Thinking Black. Dan Crawford ••…. 397. 521 – Livingstone, David. Vautier Golding ..•. 240 – Three Men on a Chinese Houseboat. W. – Lotus Buds. A. Wilson·Carmichael. •….• 639 – Men and Religion Messages •..•…•….. 77 Munn …………………………. 239 – Men Who Were Found Faithful. R. E. – True Evangelism. L. S. Chafer………. 558 – Twenty·five Years in Qua Iboe. R. L. Speer ………………………….. 238 – Mexico To·day. G. B. Winton ••………• 960 McKeown ………………………. 477 – Mexico: What to Read on …•….••.••.• 800 – Twenty Years of Pionner Missions in Ny· – Millennial Dawnism. I. M. Haldeman ••.• 720 – ' Missionary Campaign. W. S. Hooton .•.• 238 a'sal.nd. J. T. Hamilton •..•……•.•. 558 – Missionary Ex.plorers Among the American – Veiled Mysteries of Egypt, and the Reli· Indians. M. G. Humphries ……•..•.• 800 gion 01 Islam. S. H. Leeder………. 397 – Missiouary Methods, St. Paul's or Ours. – Way of Honor. Henry Kingman ….•••. 558 – West·Pointer in the Land 01 the Mikado. R. Allen ……………………….. 557 – Missionary Study Principles. G. T. Man. L. D. Garst ..••…….•..••…..•..• 559 – What Next in Turkey. D. B. Eddy •••• 960 ley …………………………….. 159 – World's Student Christian Federation. Lake – Missions in Latin America ……………. 879 Mohonk Conference, 1913…..•…….•. 878 – Missions: Their Rise and Development. L. – Year Book of Missions in India, Burma Creighton ……•……………..•.•• 77 and Ceylon, 1912. J. P. Jones ……•.. 158 Booth's Latest Scheme, General •••..••..•. 865 Borden, William Whiting ……………… 75 – – – Ideal Missionary Volunteer (a) Charles R. Erdman ……………… 567

INDEX

PAGE PAG& Boxer Rebellion, Bible and the ….•.••….• 229 China, Education in …………………. 82 Boys, Student Movement Work among••..•• 562 – Educational Changes in ..••……….•• 805 Brahman became a Christian, How a .•.••••• 299 – Enlarged Work in …………………. 70 Brahmans's Also Awakening in India, Are the. 802 – Eventful Year in New (a) Arthur H. Smith 746 Brainerd's Words of Devotion •.••…••.•••• 688 – Famine Feared in …•…………..•.•• 704 Bra2il, Among a Forgotten People in (b), – Five Foreign Forces at Work in ……… 272 Frederick C. Glass ………………… 934 – Four Languages in Rivalry .•…….••..• 3i9 – Inquiries in ………………………. 715 – Free Church of ……………………. 786 – Strange Outcome of Persecution in……. 945 – From Benighted Hunan •.•………••.. 305 'Brent, Bishop, on Immigration …………. 714 – From Soothsayer to Colporteur ………. 230 Brother Mao: A Chinese St. Francis <a) …. 209 – Good Work in …………………….. 5·51 Brotherhood of Man .•…….•..••…….. SS8 – Government and Religion in …………. 217 Brown Children, Song of the (poem) …..• 917 – Great and Impressive Gatherings in ……. 787 Buddhism …………………………… 649 – Great Demand for the Bible in…..••… 703 Buddhist Missionaries Active •…•.•••.•..• 545 – Growth of a Quarter Century ..•..••..•.. 38;, Buddhists Imitating Christian Methods in – Hawaiian Missionaries for …………… 153 Japan ………………………….. 307 – Hidden Fruits of Bible Distribution in… 70 Bulgaria, Bible in …………………… 150 – How the Day of Prayer was Kept in….. 624 – Pomaks becoming Christians ………… 322 – How the Gospel Reached an Island in ….. 871 – Revival in ……•.•…..•…………•• 467 – Inland Mission Growth …………..•.. 946 – Situation in …….••.•..•.•..•……… 722 -John R. Mott in …………………… 481 – The Youngest Kingdom (a) M. N. Popoff. 412 – John R. Mott and Eddy Among the Stu· Burma, Conversion of Mos]ems in ………. 550 dents of (b) …………………….. 525 – One Hundred Years in ……………… 801 – Large Place for Mission Schools in…… 787 Business for God, In …………………. 58 – Largest Missionary Parish …………… 229 Cairo-Mecca-Constantinople (a) S. M. Zwe· – Lights and Shadows in ……….•.•••••• 643 mer . …….. ……….. … ….. …… 7 – Makers of the New ……………….. 872 Calabar Country, In the ………………. 634 – Men and Religion Party in …………•.. 551 CaHfornia on Missions in Japan, Influence of. 699 – Merchants and Missionaries in. . . . . . . . . . .. 472 Campaign for Home and Foreign Missions, – Missions in …………….. : …••….•• 141 Plans for the United (a) W. B. Miller .• 903 – Mixed Religion in …………………. 725 Canada, Mormon Invasion of ••••….••…•• 152 – Most Popular Book in …….•….••••.. 785 – Jews in ………………………….. 944 – Needs of a Single Province in ………… 5S() – Progress Toward Union in … . . . . .. . . . . . . 6 -New Alphabet and a New Vocabulary …. 550 Canada's Immigration Problem ………… 63 – – President and P,rliament …………. 949 Canadian Fruit of the Laymen's Movement.. 63 ~ – Woman in …………………….. 703 Canal Zone, Another Side of Life in the…. 864 – Observations in Japan, Korea and (a) C. Canton Christian College ••..•••.••.•….•.• 143 L. Palmer ……………………… 31 – Transformation of …………………. 564 Cape Colony, Cooperation in …………… 73 – of To·day ……………………..•.. 482 Catch My Pal Movement …………….. 791 – One of the Surprizes of Inland-Nosuland Cebu, Churches Wrecked in •..•……….•• 154 Central America, Conditions in •………… 223 (a) S. Pollard …………………… 741 Ceylon, Mission Centenary in ….•..•…..• 548 – Opium and Religion in …….•.•…•••.. 883 Chaplains Needed, Army and Navy………. 543 – Organizing a Y. M. C. A. in Yunnanfu •.• 473 Changing the Unchangeable in China (a) A. – Praying and Working in …………….. 142 – Preaching Christ in the Temple of Heaven. 383 H. Smith ….•….•…•..•………… 919 – Present Conditions of Missionary Work in Chicago, World in ……………………. 219 Child Wives of India • _. . . . . • . . . . • . • . • . . .. 300 Western (a) W. F. Beaman ……•..•.. 108 Children, CaU of Moslem (a) J. C. Hartzell – I'rogress in ……………………….. 1 – Revival in North •..•….•……….••.. 472 and S. M. Zwemer ••.•………••….. 769 – Revival in Southwest …………….•.. 242 Children's Gifts to Missions ..••………… 315 – Revival in West ………………….. 564 China about to become Christian, Is …•…. 618 – Revival of Confucianism in ………….. 243 – and Japan Recognizing the Power of Chris· – Roman Catholic Church in …..•…..••. 702 – Russian OrthodoK Church in ……..••.• 143 tianity ••••..•..•….•…….••..•.••. 401 – Significant Changes in …….. .r……… 141 – Burning Lepers in …•..•.•••…..•….. 306 – Singapore Praying for ……………… 711 – Changes in Two Provinces in ••.••.••…. 625 – South, Activity in ……••…….•…•.• 704 – Changing Conditions in •..•.••….•••..• 139 – Step Toward Independence ………•..•. 305 – Changing the Unchangeable in (a) A. H. – Striking Contrast ………………•…. 703 – Strange Prayer Meeting in ..••…….•.•. 950 Smith ….••….•…….•..••.•……•• 919 – Student Conversion in ……………… 804 – Christian Church in (a) Arthur H. Smith. 837 – Successful Fortnight ……………….. 304 – – in the Cabinet in ……………….. 471 – Sun Yat Sen and the Awakening of (b) – – Influence at Work in ……………. 870 Pierson Curtis …………………… 115 – – Literature for ………………….. 472 – Temperance far Children in •.••…••••• 625 – Christian Officials in Kwangtung •…….. 701 – Three Signs in New ……………….. 563 – Church.Union Movements in ………….. 141 – Tug.with·all·yaur·Might Society .•….•… 305 – Civilized Nations Obstructing Civilization – Union School for Children of Missionaries in ……………………………… 882 in ……………………………… 2;19

PAGE PAGE: China, Victories Gained for the Gospel in 879 Christianity, the Religion for Japan •….•… 65() Christians, Indian ……………………. 228 – What I Saw in. Stanley A. Hunter •••••• 813 Christmas Programs, Missionary Suggestions – Wholesale Burning of Idols in •••••••••. 143 for <a) Belle M. Brain ………… : … 91() Church Awake? Is the ………………… 53~ – Woman Suffrage in …………………. 305 – M; E. Some Encouraging Figures……. 79~ – What Missions do for a …………….. 378 – Women's Convention in •••••••••••••••. 625 – Which Means Business ……………… 23~ Citizenship Movement, World's …………. 151 – Work of Grace in North Honan. Mrs. J. Clues to the Contents ………………… gg() Coillard's Gift, Francois ••••••••••••••.•..• 133 Goforth •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .. • • • .. • • • • • •• 529 Collection, National Missionary ••.•…..••.• 866 College in Turkey, New Christian •••••••••• 707 – Year of the Republic in …………….. 3 Colombian Mission, Progress. in a John L.

– Yuan Shih Kai and the Y. M. C. A …… 243 Jarrett …………………………… 85~ Comity Plan for Home Missions ………… 942 – Y. M. C. A. Convention in …………… 229 Conference, Officers Foreign Missions ……. 218 Confucianism ………………………… 648 – Y. M. C. A. in Hongkong …………… 473 Confucianism as a State Religion ••..•.•••. 9S() – in China, Revival of ……………….. 24~ China's Christian AmDassador ………….. 950 Congregational Reorganization •••••.••••••• 942 Constantinpole–Cairo-Mecca(a) S. M. Zwe- China's Day of Prayer, One Observance of. .. 545 mer •………… ,. ..•……….. ….. 7 – Fierce War on Opium ……………… 383 – College …………………………… 547 – Relief Work from …………………. 468 – Greatest Need ……………………. 384 Constantinople College ………………… 948 Convention, Memphis Home Mission •..•… 166 -New Alphahet ……………………. 142 Conventions in Store. Fifty Missionary ••••. 218 Cooperation in Cape Colony .••••••••••••••• 73 – New Women, One of ………………. 228 – in the Philippines, Church ••••.•••••••••• 313 Coptic Church of To-day ………………. 461 – Religions Fail, How. Mrs. James Coch· Cost of Missionary Administration ……•… 37~ – of Religion •………•……………… 734 ran . . . . . . . . . . . 135 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 • • • • • 0 ••• Country Towns, Good Plan for …•……… 619 Crawford, Dan ..••.•.•……………….. 55'> – Self-Government Begun ………..•….. 402 – – On Trees in the Apple ………….. 311 Critics, An Answer to …………………. 539 – Spiritual Outlook …………………. . 69 Crime and Strong Drink in South Africa .•.. 955 Crowther Memorial, Bishop …….•.••.•… 395 – Taoist Council ……………………. . 474 Cuba, Presbyterian Church in •••.••••..•… 222 Daudi Chwa in London ………………. 793 Chinese Advertisements, Some ………… . 786 _ King, of Uganda, in England .•……•.. 636 Deaconesses in India, Heathen …………. 382 – Bandits Capture Missionaries ……….. . 950 DEATHS. – Bible DiStribution in Hunan (a) Frank – Abrams, Minnie D., of India………… 156 – Adams, Joseph S., of China .•……….. 156 A. Keller …………………….. .. 327 – Bergin, G. Fred, of Bristol …………. 75 – Bezjian, Prof. H. Alexan, of Armeai….. 476- – Bible in English Letters ……………. . 303 – Boggs, Dr. W. B., of India ………….. 718 – Borden, William Whiting. …….. . . . • . .• 39~ – Christian Leadership ••••….•.•…..•.. 482 – Butier, Mrs. William ……………….. 876 – Christian, Remarkabl~ .••……•…….. 701 – Duta, Henry Wright, of Uganda .•.•…… 718 – Easton, P. Z., of Persia••••••• , •…….. 958 – Christians, Zeal of ..••.••………•….. 305 – Forbes, Robert ……………………. 95S – Gates. Dr. Goo. A., of Fisk…………. 76 – Church at Peking ………………… . 142 – Gay, Dr. TeofiJo, of Italy …•………… 23.4 – Graybill, Mrs. A. T., ot' Mexico ………. 476 – Church, Statistics of the •……..•.•…. 69 – Greene, Rev. Daniel C., of Japan ……..• 87& – Handmann. Senior' Missionary. . • . . . . . . . .. 234 – Colporteur, Blind …………………. . 230 – Kahler, Professor Martin ……………. 234 – Faith and Works ………………….. . 282 – Karmarkar, Rev. S. V.. of India…….. 1& – Kluge, Director H. J. . …………….. 234 – "Free Church" ……………………. 70 – Lane, H. N., of Brazil. ……………. 47& – Mansell, William Albert, of India…….. 396 – Girls, Modem …………………….. 304 – Meyer, Dr. Louis …….'…•………… 566 – Ogden, Robert C., of New york ……… '9& – Government and Opium .••••………… 383 – Phraner, ·Rev. WilsC>n ……••.•…•…… 391£. —-.. Riggs, Edward, of Turkey …… ~ …….. . – Idols in a Bonfire ………………….. 752 – Immediate Conversion Among the (b) Belle M. Brain …•..••….•..•..••.•.••…. 278 – Magazines for Women. 786 0 •••••••••••••••••• – Mohammedanism (b) W. B. Pettus •.••…. 103 – Preacher's Institute (b) ·Percival R. ·Bake.

man …••……………•…••….•••. 124 ~ Prison, Chapel in a ………………… 950 – Prisons, Christian Teaching in ……….. 474 – Republic and Missions ……………… 141 – Republic as a Mission Field (a) Donald McGillivray ..•…………………•.. 339 …..c. Republic, Moslems in the ..••.••…•…•. 97 – Senator, Another Christian •………… 471 – Student Volunteers ….••••…….. 304, 805 – Temples. Utilizing …………………. 231 – Women, Critical Time for •.•••……….. 871 – Women Students in America •..•…•…. 220 Christ, Cross of (a) G. C. Morgan………. 23 Christian Endeavor, From Hinduism to ….. 623 – – in Alaska ………………………. 864 – – in Egypt ……………………….. 72 – – in Japan and Korea ……………… 626 – – i n Micronesia …………………… 74 – – Society, Moslem …………………. 301 – How I Became a (b) Masih Parshad••.••. 669 – Prince in Israel (Louis Meyer) <a) Mrs.

T. C. Rounds ……………………. 671 Christianity, Balkan War, Mohammedanism and (a) James L. Barton ………….. 87 – a Universal Religion ……………….. 939

INDEX

PAGE PAGE 'Deaths. Roe, Walter C., of Oklahoma 395 Germany, leAn Epoch in Mi~sion History" .. 467 – and Missions ……………………… 620 _ SeveranceJ Louis H., of New york ….. 718 – Christian Status …………. ;………. 149 _ Sheldon, Dr. Martha, of Tibet……….. 76 – Exodus from Rome in ……………… 620 – Great School of Languages..•.•.••…•••• 224 – Smiley, Albert K., of Mohonk……….. 76 – Religious Conditions in .•….•..•.•.••••• 806 – Sabbath Neglect in ……. "………….. 867 – Terry, Dr. Erna, of China .•••••..•.••. 958 Gideons of Armenia……….. . .. • • . .. • .. •• 226 Gift to Charity, Great …………………. 865 -Thoms, Sharon J., of Arabia …………. 234 Gifts at Swanwick ……………………. 865 – to Missions, Children's ……..•…..••.• 315 Debt to Humanity, Our……………….. 60 Giving to Missions, Excused from ……….. 494 Glory of the Impossible (b) Miss 1. Lilias Deficits Reported, Serious……………… 619 Trotter …………………………. 582 Disciples and Missionaries……………… 56 God·Prayer-Man-Missions. Henry W. Frost .• 134 God's Hand as I Saw it in Arabia (a) John Donations Received …………………… 217 Van E………………………….. 735 Dream, Converted by a……………….. 707 Gospel the Real Reforming Force……….. 143 Great Britain, Mormonism in …………••. 149 Dutch East Indies, Unoccupied Fields in .. 956 –Movement Toward Unity in ……….. 388 Greece, Mission Work in ……………..•.• 468 East, Convictions of the. J. S. Gale ……. 689 Greek Church, Reform in the ………….. 163 – Orthodox Church in Russia (a) Nevin O. Eddy and Mott in Bombay…………….. 145 Winter …..•….•……..•.•…••.•.• 760 Education in Japan, Emphasis Laid upon ..•• 788 Greene, Rev. D. c., Japan Honors………. 788 Educational Changes in China…………… 805 Guatemala Conditions (a) Edward M. Hay- EGYPT, America's Contribution to (a) Fran· maker …..••………….•.•…•..••• 807 cis E. Clark……………………… 495 – Idolatry in………………………… 223 – and the Barbary States. Zwemer's Visit – Preacher as Minister to ……………. 945 to Belbeis ………………………… 461 Haiti, Missions in …………………….. 221 "Hands-Across-the-Sea" ……………….. 384 – Christian E;ndeavor in………………. 72 Hawaiian Missionaries for China ………… 153 – Dr. Zwemer's Work in ………………. 308 – Missions, Fifty Years of…………….. 790 – Islam in …………………………. 98 Heart of the Problem …………………. 377 – Missionary Value of a Printing Press in. 633 "Heathen" Happy? Are the ……………• 611 – Prayer for …….•…•••….•………• 393 Heathen World, Picture of the …………. 289 – Progress of Education in……………. 85 Hedin, Sven ………………………… 740 – Women's Education in ……………… 632 Hell's Half Acre, Preaching the Gospel in Egyptian Schools, Bibles in……………. 462 Elat, Amazing Growth Continues in .•••… 953 (a) George Long ………………….. 587 England, Strangers in ………………… 546 Himalayas, Missionary Life in the (b) Lilly – Laymen's Conference in •••..••••.•••.• 885 Episcopal Missions, 'Growth of ….•.••…• 951 Ryder Gracey ……. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 273 Eskimo, Bible for the…………………. 544 Hindu Girls, Union Training of ………•••• 381 EskimosJ Blonde …………………….. 466 – Missionary on the Pacific Coast, America.. 792 Europe, Progress in…………………… 1 Hinduism, Stronghold of……..•…•.. 470, 704 Evangelism as a Means to Reform……… 435 – to Christian Endeavor, From ………… 623 – Good Plan for Summer……………… 629 Holy Spirit, Bible Teachings About the ….• 618 Evangelization in South Africa ………… 954 Home and Foreign Missions, Joint Campaign Expense, Missions and Current. ..•••….•.. 790 Factors in Missions Four ……… "….. _. .. 138 for …………………………….. 380 – Missions, Comity Plan for …….•……. 942 j – Mission Work, Great …………•…•..• 149 – Missionary Methods for Workers at (a) Facts for Fuel……………………….. 698 Famine Feared in China ……………….. 704 Miss Belle M. Brain ………………. 753 Federal Council in Chicago……………. 61 – Missions' Council …….. • ………… 218 –Plans of the ……………………. 219 – – Volunteer Movement for ………….. 485 Federated Forces in Japan ……………•• 244 – – Week, Annual ………………….. 542 Federation in Porto Rico ………………. 792 – Workers, Ne'W Ideas for …………….. 726 Figueras Evangelhtic Mission, Spain …….. 388 Horton's Impressions "f India. Dr…….•• 469 Fiji of To-day ……………………….. 541 Hospital, At the "All Pervading-Love" (b) – Population of …………………….. 541 – The Lotu in ………………..•…•.•• 632 Florence E. Gooch ……………….. 933 – Then and Now in …………………. 313 How a Governor in Siam Found Christ (b) Filipino Church ……………………… 712 – Policy, American …………………. 955 H. A Johnson …………………… 937 For All Thy Missionary Saints. (Poem.) Hungary and in the United States, Hun- Elizabeth S. Baird ………………. 386 garian Protestants in. Alex. Harsamji. 595 Forder. Archibald ……………………. 386 Immediate Conversion Among the Chinese Foreign Missions, How to Further………. 467 – – Joint Campaign for Home and…….. 380 (b) Belle M. Brain ……………….. 278 –Pay? Do ……………………… 600 Immigrants-The Melting Pot of the Nations. Formosa, Synod of .•….•………..•…• 486 – Open-air Preaching in …………….. 956 (a) Edward A. Steiner ……………. 187 France, MeAll 'Mission in …………….• 65 – Flood of …………………………. 941 – Methodism in ….••.•……………..• 389 – to America, Hosts of……………….. 789 – Protestant Activity in ……………… 794 – Temperance Law. in ……………….. 946 Free Church Missions in a Nutshell…….. 224 – Preacher as Minister to .••..••.•.••••• 945 German Princess as a Missionary………. 946

PAGE :PAGE Inasmuch Miss-ion, Philadelphia, Story of the Indhn Empire, Christian Progress in the (b) (a) George Long…………………• 587 O. Hanson ………………………. 290 INDIA American Board Celebrating an Anni- – Pastor's District .•…•.•.•…•…•….. 69 versary : ………..••…………….. 381 – Patriotism for the ………………….. 944 – Population, Our …………………… 544 _ Alphabet for …….•………………• 949 – Student Conference ………………… 147 – Among the Bhils in………………… 228 – Students Organize ………………..•. 404 – ..re the Brahmas Also Awakening in …. 802 – What the Bible Did for an …………… 705 – Awakening in Western ……………… 622 – Women Studying Medicine …………..• 470 – Bell as Missionary ………………….. 300 Indians, American, and the Gospel (a) John _ Centennial of Missions In…………… 869 _ Change from Hate to Love ………….• 297 W. Clark ………………………. 830 – Child Wives of ……………………. 300 – in Alaska, Teaching the (a) Robert Tom- _ Christian Congress. in………………. 5 – Christian Unity m …•••••…..•…….• 404 linson ………………………….. 125 _ _ W()Tk for Women in …………….. 145 India's Christians at Work …………….. 548 Infidel Converted ……………………. 716 _ Christianity as Revealed by the Census in. 68 International Missionary Inquiry………… 467 _ Christward Movements in……………. 644 Irish Protestants Opposed to Home Rule …• 946 —' Compulsory Segregation of Lepers in …. 382 ISLAM Aggressive in the Yoruba Country … 796 – Councils of Missions in ••…………… 948 – and Easy Divorce ………………….. 554 _ Conference, Dr. Mott's ……………… 226 – Blight of .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .• 704 – Converts Refuse to March on Sunday … 471 – Change of Front in…………………. 161 – Dr. Horton's Impressions of …………. 469 – in Africa………………………….. 309 – Expulsion Results in Conversions in, …. 785 – in Sumatra, Christianity vs. Ernest D. – Great Host of Widows in ……………. 470 – Heathen Deaconesses in …………….. 382 Pierson ……………………….••• 369 – Homes for Children of British Descent. .. 299 -is Lacking, Where …………………. 621 – in the Interest of Missions, Conferences – Making Rapid Gains in East Africa ……. 635 – North Africa Discarding ……………… 565 in ……………………………… 364 – Present Struggle with ……………….. 394 – Incidents of Mission Life in ………… 470 – Religious Status of …………………. 781 – Living Epistles in………………….. 869 Israel, Christian Prince in (Louis Meyer) – Mass Movement in ………………… 83 – – – in Hyderabad ………………… 470 (a) Mrs. T. C. Rounds ……………. 671 – Mission Schoolboys in………………. 68 – Present Condition of (a) S. B. Rabold … 887 –Work, New Step in ………………. 705 Italy, Change of Sentiment in …………… 947 – Missionary Life in the Himalayas (b) – Modernists in …………………….. 562 – Protestantism in ………………….•. 867 Lilly Ryder Gracey·……………….. 273 JAPAN Agnosticism in ………………. 475 – Mohammedan Educational Conference ….. 227 – and China Recognizing the Power of – Moslem Unrest in ……… _…………. 162 – Moslems in ………………………• 96 Christianity ••…………………•… 401 – Native Missions Society …………….. 298 – Before the Dawn in (b) Review by Ernest – Notable Methodist Ingatherings ………• 949 – Opium and Farming in …………….. 884 Delancy Pierson …………………. 193 – Plans for the Future of …………….. 241 – Power of the Gospel in……………… 146 – BW°Il:. ~~~~i~~.. ~'•..'::i~l.i~~~: .. ~~ .. ~:~ 653 – Progress in ……………………….. 1 – – Seen in One District in………….. 68 – Buddhists Imitating Christian Methods in. 307 – Salvation Army Work in …………….. 297 – Changed Conditions in………………. 403 – Self-Supporting Hospital in …………… 784 – Chapter in the History of Christianity in – Signs of Promise in……………….. 242 – Social Legislation in ……………….. 548 (a) Kozaki Kirmichi ……………… 661 – Some Specimen Evangelists ………….. 298 – Christ in the Slums of (b) H. W. Myers. 286 – Sorabji School in …………………… 706 – Christian Work for Students in………. 724 – Test of Christian Doctrine …………… 622 – Christianity in …………………….. 474 – Training·school for Workers in ………. 785 – Disastrous Fire in Tokyo ……………. 475 – Trials of a Christian in. H. Halliwell ….• 767 – Emphasis Laid Upon Education in …….. 788 – Union for Central. …………………. 483 -Family Worship in …………………. 71 – United Theological College at Bangalore .. 297 – Federated Forces in …………………. 244 – Unreached Classes in ……………….. 623 – Gospel for Unrest in ……………….. 724 – Woman Question in …………………. 300 – Honors Dr. Greene …………………. 788 – Women Students and tbe Student Move· – Important Questions in …………….. 641 – Influence of California on Missions in … 699 ment in …………………………. 549 – Korea and China, Observations in (a) – Work for Low Castes in …………….. 705 Indian Bishop, First Anglican………….. 145 C. L. Palmer ..•……………….•.. 31 – Christians ………………………… 228 – Mott Conferences in………………… 566 – – Would Know, What …………….. 622 – New Era for ………………………. 244 – Does it Pay to Christianize the. Levi – Poverty in •••…….••………….•••. 553 – Present Situation in (b) David Spencer.• 690 Levering ………………………..• 857 – Progress in …..•………………..•. 1 – – of a Generation in ……………… 951 – Recent Progress in…………………. 84 – Religious Condition in ……………… 326 – – Statistics of ……………………. 699

INDEX

l"AGE l"AGS Japan Schools no Longer Non-Religious ….. 626 Korea, First General Assembly in……….. 5 – Seeking a Religion ..•..••••.•….•..•.. 951 – How a Fortune was Lost in •..•.•..•.•• 552 – Service a Christian Idea in ………….. 872 – Student Religion in ……………….. 71 – Japanese in ………………………. 627 – Superstition in ……………………. 553 – Leading Japanese Christians in •••••..•.• 788 – to Become a Christian Nation? Ought (a) – Missionaries and Japanese in ………..•• 861 Masumi Hino ……………………. 647 -to Win the Orient, Win …………….. 787 – New Lines of Work in ………………. 700 – Union Christian College for …………. 652 – Odd Missionary Collections ……….••• 872 – Women's Work in …………………. 552 Japanese and Koreans ……… ,……….. 59 – Outlook in ……………………….• 627 – Christians, Increase of …………….. 70 – Dendo-Dan in America …………….. 790 – Sunday-school Commission in ……….• 701 – Enlightenment …….•……………… 474 – Home, Christian …………………… 307 Korean Bible Class, Large ………….•.• 873 – in America ……………………….. 792 – Christian, Third Trial for ………..•.•• 553 – in America, Mission Work for……….. 63 – in Korea …………………………. 627 – Christian Woman …………………. 554 – Layman ………………………….. 144 – Christians, Trial of Cb) A Statement by the – Pastorate, Notable …..•……………. 144 – Presbyterian Chief Justice …………… 144 Protestant Missionaries in Korea …….. 39 – Side of the Korean Question…………. 71 – Statesman. Testimony of a …………… 307 – Colporteur, Pak ……..•…………… _ 44 – Tribute, Intere.sting ………………… 700 – Woman's Work ……………………. 307 – Conspiracy Case ……•.•.. _……….. , 384 – Women Like? What are …………… 699 – Women, Notable ………………….. 872 – Converted During the Trial •••••….•… 385 – Y_M.C.A. Secretary ………………… 63 – Foreign Mission …………………•.• 385 Japan's Christian University …………… 788 Jamaica, Religious Census of …………… 223 – Heroes, Some Obscure (b) E. Wade Koons 283 Janvier, Dr. C. A. R., to Return to India .. 544 – Life, Bible Scenes and Customs in. Mrs. Java, a Destitute Field ……………… _.. 631 – Mothodist Work in …………………. 631 W. A. Venable …………………… 694 – Moslem Colporteur in ………………. 712 – Missionary to China ……………….. 952 Jerusalem, Opposition in ………………. 708 Jewish People and Missionary Effort (a) S. – Question, J .panese Side of the …….. _.. 71 B. Rohold •……•……………….. 887 – Reference Bible ………….•…• _.•..• 475 Jews Burned to Death ……………….. 794 – Saloon-Keeper, Conversion of a ………. 308 – in Canada ………………………… 944 – in Palestine ………………………. 782 – Trials, Final Outcome of ….•…. _.•..• 951"

– in Russia ………………………… 546 – – More About the _……………….. 140 – Rumania's Treatment of the………….. 794 Joint Campaign for Home and Foreign Mis- – View of Japan's Policy in Korea ..•..•.• 450 sions ..•………………………..• 380 Koreans are Taught, What ….. _……… _ 144 Judson Centenary ……………………. 298 – Going as Missionaries ……………… 701 – Centennial, Plans for the ……………. 298 – Japanese and ……….. _.. . . .. . . .. . .. . • 59 Kaiser Becomes Teetotaler ……………. 947 Korea's Foreign Missions ……………… 789 Karens of Burma, Power of the Gospel Among the. Hla Gyaw ……………. 294 – Work of Foreign Missions ..•…..••..• 627 Kennedy School of Missions ……•…….. 862 Kumamoto Band in Retrospect (a) Kozaki Khama's New Church …….. "……….. 955 Kirmichi . . . . . . . . . . . . 661 0 •• 0 •••• 0 •••••••• Khutba on the Birth of the Prophet Cb) Ar- Kwangtung, Christian Officials in .0 •.•• ··•·• 701 thur T. Upson ………………….. 351 Language Schools for Missionaries …….. . 624 Latin America, Interest in 0.·.·.·········· 392 Known by their Fruits ……………….. 277 – – Mohammedans in …………. – ….. . 64 Kongo Atrocities, Reform in •…….. _. . .. 645 Laymen, An Appeal from the ……..•..•..• 139 – Belgium and the ……………………. 462 – Success on the ……………………. 953 – on a World's Tour ………………… . 151 – Cannibals, Pioneering among Ca) Reviewed Laymen's Conference in England ………. . 885 by Belle M. Brain …………………. 173 – Movement, Canadian Fruit of the ……. . 63 – for Christ …•…………………….. 231 – Lan~age Difficulty, New …………… 635 LEPER Asylum in Siam …………….. . 147 – MillIons Hungry for the Word in the …. 874 – New Mission on the ………………. 73 – Colony, Visit to an American (b) W. M. – Phenomenal Achievement in the ….. _. . .. 462 Danner ………………………… . 208 – Protestant Influence on the ………….. 795 Kon~oland, How ~he Gospel Advances in…. 874 – Marcus the (b) Mrs. Landon R. Mason .• 376 – Ltquor Traffic tn …•………•……… 484 KOREA J and China, Observations in Japan (a) – Once a Missionary, Now a ………. · … . 784 C. L. Palmer •…………………… 31 Lepers in China, Burning .. 0 ••••••••• 0 ••••• 306 – Christian Growth in ……………….. 642 – in India, Compulsory Segregation of ….. . 382 – Christian Leaders Visiting ………….•. 230 Leprosy in Paraguay ……………….. .. 630 – Convictions of the East. J. S. Gale…… 689 "Let Down Your Nets" (Poem) ……….. . 449 – Examination of Converts in ………•.•. 475 – Eager for the Gospel in …•.•..•…•••. 700 Limiting God ……………………… 0 •• 859 72 ~T~:ffi~n~n~iJs~~~~.:::::::::::::::::: :::: 709 – Traffic in Kongoland ……….•..•…..• 484 Literature for Oriental Women ………… . 703 – Missionary-How to Secure Readers (a) Belle M. Brain …………..•…•….• 753 Livingstone Centenary ……………….. . 215 – Lessons from the Life of (a) William J. Hutchins …..•… _….•…….•…… 167 – Memorial Station ………….•..•…… 620 Livingstone's Achievements, Some of ……. . 555 – "Faithful Nasik Bovs" …………….. . 954 Livingstonia Mission, Marvelous ……….. . 74 – $25.000 for ………………………. . 463 – Bearers Still Living, One of …………. . 711 Lord's Prayer as a Missionary Document (b) Joseph Henry Odell ……………. .. 611 "Los Von Rom'" Movement in Austria … 0 •• 66 Luebo, Day at …. _………………….. . 709 Medieval Worship and Christian Missions .• 957

! FAG!: PAGB Macedonian Problem and Missions (a) John Mormonism To·day and Its Remedy (a) John -Henry House ……………………. 265 D. Nutting …………………… 247, 355 Madagascar, French Opposition to the Gospel Mormons, Mission Workers Wanted Among.. 256 in ……………………………… 464 Morocco, Division of …………………. 72 – New Regime in (a) Robert Kerr…..••.•• 407 – Latest from .•••………••…….•…… 711 -Work in …………………………. 163 – Martyr's Memorial in ………………. 636 MOSLEM Activity in Africa ………… 634 – New Clerical Law in ………………. 803 – Appeal Against Christianity •.•….•….• 302 – Religious Liberty for •••••.•..••…….. 6 Malaysia, Progress in …………………. 1 – Children, Can of (a) J. C. Hartzell and Manchu Woman •..•..•.•….•..•……… 473 Manchuria, Outlook in ..•……………. 81 S. M. Zwemer …………………… 769 – Practical Sign of Christianity ………… 308 – Christian Endeavor Society …•………. 301 Marathi Mission Centenary ……………. 549 – College Girls . _.. .. .. • .. .. . . .. . . .. .. … 547 Mauritius, Moslems in ………………… 97 – Convert, Faithful ……… ;…………. 554 – Lands, Foes Meet and Mingle in Mission Marcus, the Leper (b) Mrs. Landon R. Ma· son ••••.••…..•.•.•.•…………•.•• 376 Scbools in …••••••………………• 547 – Shereef, Remarkable Reminiscences of a Martyn, Henry, Centenary in Tokat …•.•… 302 McAn Mission, France, New Center for….. 65 Converted (b) Arthur T. Upson …….. 730 Mecca-Constantinople-Cairo (a) S. W. Zwe- – Students Becoming Protestants …•.•…. 149 – Unrest in Indian ………………….. 162 mer …………………………….. 7 – Women to Christian Queens ………… 621 – Moslem University at …….. _………. 783 – Workers Active in the Sudan …..•….. 633 Medical Missions, Cause of ••….•…•….. 716 – World, Around the Horizon of the (a) – Missions Pay? Do ………………… 146 Medieval Worshin and Christian Missions … 957 Samuel M. Zwemer …………….. 95 – World, Three Strategic Centers of the (a) Memphis Home Mission Convention ••••.•.. 166 Men and Missions, Seven-fold Results of …. 152 S. M. Zwemer ………….. :…….. 7 Menelik, Death of, Reported •..•.••.••••••• 310 Moslems, Advertising for Interviews with .••• 394 Methodism in Austria …………………. 546 – Baptisms of ……•.••.•…•…•…•…• 873 – in France ………………………… 389 – Comparative Religion for (b) S. M.

Methodist Budget ……………………. 62 Zwemer ………………………… 727 – Ingatherings, Notable ………………. 949 – Gosrel for …… :………………….. 781 – Men in Conference ………………… 941 – Hal the PopulatIon ………………•• 795 – Mission Work in North Africa………. 72 – in Burma, Conversion of ……………. 550 – Missions, Ten Years' Growth in Southern. 600 – Interest in Missions to …………….. 219 Methodists Work in Southern Asia ……••• 147 – Missionary to Chinese ……… ,……… 75 Metho~.sl Department of ……………..•• 698 – Persona] Work among ……………… 721 – for workers at Home, Missionary Ca) Belle Motive, Missionary …………………… 70 Motor Cars, Gospel ………….•…•….. 790 M. Brain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 843, 910 Mott and Eddy Among the Students of China MEXICO, Evil Conditions in ………….. 715 Cb) ……………………………. 525 – Missionaries Return to ……………… 64 – and Eddy in Bombay ………………. 145 -John R., in China …………………. 481 – Missions in ………………………. 466 – Conferences in Japan …………. … …. 566 – – – ~efu~es Ambassadorship ………… 389 – Political and Missionary Interests in …… 324 – – – In Smgapore …………….•…•• 381 – Politics and Patriotism ……………… 721 – – – in Soutb China ……………….. 402 – Statistics of …•.•………•••………. 721 – – – i n the Far East ………………. 364 – Unrest in Unhappy ………………… 166 Mt. Lebanon, Sanitarium on …………. 948 – What Protestantism has done for .•.••.•• 864 Mott's India Conference ………………• 226 Meyer, Rev. Louis (a) Mrs. T. C. Rounds .•. 671 – Visits to India ….••..•………….•.• 241 – – – Illness of ……………………. 540 Millionaires, Ch'ristian …………. "-. . . . . .. 629 Mottoes, Some Missionary …………….. 684 Missionaries Go, Why ………………… 215 Music and Song-Please Go Shares …••..• 917 – Philanthropist (a) Stanley White …….. 895 Natal Missionary Waste in …………….• 875 – Have Done, What …••.•.•..••.•..•…. 957 National Bible Institute ………………• 460 – Making Long·Lived ………………… 866 – Reform Bureau's Plans …………….. 220 – Part Played by ………………….•• 708 Nations, Melting Pot of the (a) Edward A. Missionary Committee Do? What can the … 216 – Exhibits and Demonstrations. Harry Wade Steiner ……… . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . … 187 Navy, Y.M.C.A. Secretaries for Army and.. 862 Hicks ………………………….. 843 Needy, Decade of Work for the ………… 597 – Methods for Workers at Home (a) Belle N eg-ro Church Statistics ………………. 465 M. Brain •..•.•………………….• 753 =- Emancipation Celebrated ……………. 314 – Review Council ……………………• 698 – Silent Influenc-e of the Cb) Geo. F. Herrick .. 119 – Has Done Well ………………….• 153 -Tree •..•.••………………………. 863 – Work, Value of •……………….•… 216 ~'M'~~~olbo:u?~~t:~..~t…t~~. : : : : : : : : : : : :: :~~ Missions a Debt, or a Charity-Which? R. –Notes of ……………………….. 314 H. Glover ………………………. 585 – Progress in Fifty years …………….. 943 Micronesia, Christian Endeavor in ………. 74 – Self·Help Creed for the _…………… 465 – Results in ………………………… 541 N egros, Unique Colportage Work in ……… 233 – Guinea, Darkness in ……………….. 7S Mohammedan Educational Conference in India 227 – Views of Statistics …………………. 781 – – Once Cannibals, hut now Christians in. 232 – Woman, Heart of the (b) Mrs. Benjamin New Features for 1914 ………………. 940 New Hebrides to Date …………………. 632 W. Labaree ……………………… 578 – Guinea, German MissIon in ……….•.. _ 956 Mohammedanism and Christianity, The Balkan New York City, Bible Distribution in ……• 713 – – Home for- 'Nomen Workers In …….. 220 War (a) James L. Barton …………. 87 – – Most Remarkable Convert in Water – Chinese (b) W. B. Pettus ……………. 103 Street Ca) Philip I. Roberts ………… 181 Mohammedans and the Gospel, North Africa. 309 – Conversion of (b) Charles R. Watson …• 345 New Zealand Missionary Association . . . . . . . . 711 – jn Latin America …………………. 64 News Bureau, Scope of a Missionary . . . . . . . 943 Nigeria, Good News from …………….. 310 – Literature for ……………………… 150 NiJrerian Missions, Fruits of ……………. 634 – More Missionaries to ………………. 231 Nile Mission Press …….•……………. 633 Mohonk Student Conference ………….. 483 –.,..-Dr. Zwemer on the …………….. 154 – Conference ……………………….. 942 Nosuland, Independent Ca) S. Pollard …… 741 Monastir. Center of Interest …. _……… .. 868 Nyassaland, Great Gathering of Christian Mon,R"olia. Dispute about ………………. 82 Nations …………… _. . . . . . . . . . . . . .• 312 Moody Bible Institute to be Enlarged…… 62 Mormon Invasion of Canada …………•.. 1S2 Opium and Farming in India …•.•…….• 884 – Prophet Exposed ………………….. 391 =Cu~se~ig~1n .::::::::::::::'.: :'.: •.•. :::::::: ~~~ Mormonism, Dangers of ………………. 717 – Facts on. Mrs. J. Paddock and Miss E. – Curse of China Withdrawn ………….• 617 – China's Fierce War on …………….. 383 Vermilye ………………………… 855 Oriental Women, Literature for ….••.•… ; _ 703 -in a Nutshel! ……………. ; ……….. 863 -In Great Bntaln ………………….. 149 PAGE PAGE Orientals, Cooperative Work in America, for. 485 Putuz.nayo Indians, Missionaries to the…… 64 – M.sslOn ……………………. .- . • … 865 _ in America, Christian Work for Ca) Geo. – – Question (b) J. L. Jarrett ……….. 201 W. Hinman …………•……..•••..• 501 -The Devil's Paradise. Ernest D. Pierson. 458 Orthodoxy Among Missionaries •.•…•.•••• 859 ~ueenJ Praying …………… '.' …. …… 710 Ottoman Educational Conference .••.••••••• 244 uestions, Twenty Leading …•…•.•….•.. 726 easons for Missions …………………. 377 8~t1;~ft~/~~~e'W~;ld: Ch;i~ti~;'; .(bj .w: .iI: 706 Reform, Evangelism as a Means to ..•.•••• 435 Carpenter ……………….•…..••.. 52 Religion and Religious Growth in the United Ovambo Land, Difficulties in ………….. 232 States Ca) H. K. Carroll •….•…•…. 257 Pak, ~orean Colporteur ……………….. 7~~ _PalReasiblnwe~y Among Jews In Robert Coilege ………………………. 468 from Port Said ……………. . 783 Roman Catholic Church in China •••••.•.••. 702 to Jaffa …..•••• – Catholicism Working ………………. 233 Pamphlets •••••……… 240, 319, 400, ~60, 640 Rome in Germany, Exodus from ……….. 620 PPaa~nuaam, aAnAsnwoetrhsertoSiPdreayo:efr Li,fe in …… .~….•…•.•. 864 -to be Reformed? Is……… ………… 66 in . … . 542 – Work in Africa …………………… 462 _ Former Cannibals BUild a Church m ….. 956 Rome's Meager Gifts to Missions ………… 958 Papuans Giving to Missions…………….. 712 Rumania's Treatment of the Jews ………. 794 RUSSIA. Bible in …………………… 717 Parable of the Seed Corn Cb) ………….. 196 – Child-Drunkards in ………………… 717 Paraguay, Leprosy in ….. : …………… 630 _ Difficulties of Baptists in •.•..•…….•.. 405 Paris, For the Unprotected In………….. 224 – Greek Orthodox Church in Ca) Nevin O. Winter ………………………….. 760 Paul's Missionary Principles II. ……….. 60 – Intolerant ………………………… 325 Peace Balkan War and Ca) George F. – Islam in ………………………… 98 Herrick. ………………………… 421 -Jews in …. , ………………………. 546 _ on Earth …………………………. 617 – PersecutlOn m …………………….. 150 – Religious Freedom in ………………. 867 Peking, Europea.n Vice in ……………… 871 – Settlement Work Impossible in ………. 66 _ Prayer Meetmg; …………………… 551 – Under the Czar in …………………. 224 Russian Influence in Persia and Missions. _ Union Church m ………… : ……. : .. 471 _ Union Medical College: Its F.rst Fru.ts. 472 S. G. Wilson ……………………. 57 – Orthodox Church in China •…..••…..• 143 PERSIA and Missions, Russian Influence in. 57 – Serfdom, End of ………………….. 389 Russians Against Baptists ….•…..•…••.• 803 _ C~~isG·inW.i~s.o.~. ::: : ::: :: : :: ::: :::::: :::: 86 Sabbath Neglect in Germany ………….. 867 _ Girls' School in ………………….. 387 – ·school Missions, Presbyterian .•…….•• 315 _ Gospel and Its Opponents in Ca) F. G. Salvation Army ……………………… 65 – – G<;n,ral Booth's Latest Scheme ……. 865 Coan …••..•……..•.••.•.•…•.••.• 487 – – M,sSlOns ………………………. 619 _ Population of …………………….. 547 – – New Hotel for the ………………. 465 _ Recent Changes in …………………. 323 – – Praise for the ………………….. 784 _ Urgent Need in ………•.••..•••…•.• 386 – – Work in India ………………….. 297 _ Values Mission Schools ••…….•….••• 708 Santo Domingo, Archbishop President of. .• 222 _ Work for Lepers in ………………… 869 Scotland, Church Union in ••…••••••••••• 645 Persian Convert, Hardships of a………… 869 Seed Corn, Parable of the (b)…………. 196 _ Doctor,.Baptism for ……………….. 783 Severance, Louis H., Life and Work of Ca) -Girls, Hope for ……….. : ………… 162 Peru, Progress of the Gospel In •…….•• 64 Stanley White …………………… 895 Philippines, Advance in the .•.•..••.••.••.• 484 Sheldon, Dr. Martha A., of North India, _ Ag.tation in the ……..• • • • • . . . • • . • • .• 802 Glimpse of the Character and Work of _ Church Co()pera.ti.on in the .: … : …….. 313 Cb) Lilly Ryder Grace'y …………..• 273 _ Economic CondItIons ImprOVIng In the … 232 Shinto ……………•…..••…………. 647 _ Presbyterians in the ……………….. 542 Siam and Laos, Progress in …………… 707 _ Slavery in the ……………………. 876 – First Leper Asylum in ……………… 147 – Found Christ, How a Governor in. H. A. – Typhoon in the •..•••••…•….•••.•••• 154 Johnson ………………………… 937 _ Y.M.C.A. in the …….•…•………••. 74 Sierra Leone, Gospel Progress in …•.•…• 954 Silent Influence of the Missionary Cb) George Philippopolis and Philippi ……………..• 217 F. Herrick ……………………… 119 Pierson Bible School in Prospect……….. 71 _ Life of Arthur T. Reviewed Cb) Robert Singapore, John R. Mott in ……………381 Slave to Schoolmaster, From ………….. 710 E. Speer …………………….•••• 204 Slavery and European Governments …….. 246 Please Go Shares-Music and Soog ..•..••.• 917 Poem-For Ali Thy Missionary Saints, Eliz- – in the Philippines ………………….. 876 Social Legi.lation in India…………….. 548 abeth S. Baird ••..••.••.••..•…..•… 820 – Service, Presbyterian Bureau of ……… 597 – He Is Counting on you ……………… 192 – Reformers in the Non·Christian World, _ "Now, Concerning the Collection" ……. 217 Pokomoland Africa Difficulties in …… '. .. 796 Need for (a) George W. Hollister …… 601 Pomaks Bec{oming Christians …………… 322 Society in Great Straits, Wesleyan………. 223 Solomon Isles, The Gospel in the Cb) North· Porto Rican Progress ………………… 63 Porto Rico, Federation in……………… 792 cote Deck ………………………. 518 _ – Missions in …………….. . . . . . . .. 222 Sorabji School in India ………………. 706 South Africa, Moslems in …………….. 97 – – Rest Home in ………………….. 222 – African Students at Work ………….. 464 Portugal Open to the Gospel…………… 150 SOUTH AMERICA, Among the Women in – Opportunities in …………………… 406 CaJ Florence Smith ………….. ; …. 511 Power, Question of ………•…•……… 460 – – Continent of Dead Souls …………. 792 Pray lor World·wide Power …………… 939 – – Opportunity in (b) Charles Inwood … 851 – – Remarka.b1e Advertisement in ……… 630 Prayer in Papua, Answers to ………….. 542 – – Why Send Missionaries to (a) E. R. – Scriptural Missionary ………………. 380 Presbyterian Bureau of Social Service…… 597 Hendrix ………………… " …… 442 – Plans for China …………………..• 70 – – News from the …………………. 713 _ Reinforcements ………….. • . .. .. . • … 629 Southern Lavrnen, Convention of ……….. 390 _ Sabbath-school Missions …………….• 315 South Seas, Century in the…………….. 886 Presbyterians in the' Philippines •……..•.. 542 Spain, Figueras Evangelistic Mission …….. 388 – How a Church Began in ……………. 868 Press Bureau, Mission ……………….. 619 – Liberal Laws in ………….. , .. ,….. 486 Princeton, "The Ideal Student" at………. 628 – Outlook in ……………………….. 610 Problem, The Real Heart of the Missionary – Pre-sent Protestantism in. James I. Good. 60R – Religious Toleration in .•…………• 65, 325 (a) R. H. Glover ……………….. ; 678 Statistical Table 1913, Mission to ther Jews .. 891 Prodigal Son, African's Story of the (b) …. 696 Statistics-Missionary Figures for 1912…… 2 Progress in 1912 ..•…….•……….•..• 1 Prosperity-Its Use and Abuse ………….. 780 – – Work in Alaska ………………… 220 Protestant Episcopal Cooperation …….•••• 881 Punjab, Reform in the ……………….. 884 Putumayo Atrocities, Ending ..•……….. 630 _ Indians, Bolivian Missions and (b) Percy Cross Standing .•..••••…..•…….•• 197 PAGE PAGE Statistics-Mohammedan Views of ……….. 781 Turks and Christians Fraternizing ….•..•.. 302 – of Communicants in the United States …. 259 – of Japan, Religious ……………….. 699 – Attitude of the …………………… 387 _ of Mexico …………….. , ……….. 721 – Facing Eastward ………… ,…….. 226 – of the Chinese Church ……………… 69 _ – – Growth in Communicants in United – Returning Home from Asia …………. 301 Tuskegee, Good Work of •..•.••…..••.•.•• 465 States .•.•…•……………………. 261 __ – Protestant Foreign lVlissionary Soci- – Continued Growth in ………………. 311 eties of the World for 1912 ….•….•• 1 -King Daudi of, in England …………..• 636 – Success Proved by …………………. 152 – Wonderful People …………………• 462 .Stefansson, Mr. . •…………………… 466 Stelzle's New Field ………………….• 714 Uganda, Choosing a New Name in …….••• 952 Studd, C. T., Goes to Africa .. , .. , …….. 231 Union Church in Pekin ………………• 471 Student Christian Movement ………….. 863 – In Canada, Progress toward ………••• 6 _ Conversion in China ……… _. . . . . . . . .. 804 – Medical Colle~e, Pekmg: Its Firstfruits .• 472 _ E'Vangcli~m World-wide •…•.•…•.••.•• 561 – Traimng of Htndu GirlS …………….. 381 -Movement'in India, Women Students and United MissIOnary Campaign …………..• 714 the ••••..•.•.•…………………… 549 UNITED STATES, Hungarian Protestants – – Work Among Boys …… ,……….. 562 – Pledge to a Goaly Life …. ,………… 543 in Hungary C!.nd in the United States. __ Volunteers, Chinese ……………….. 304 Alex. HarSaII1Jl ………………….• 595 Students and Missions …………. – ……. 607 – – Negro Population of …………….. 466 =_ Missionary Opportunity for (a) George E. Unity in America, Outlook for…………. 61 Hollister •……………………….. 601 W!~~iz'eO;f~~~;~e '~i 'Ch~;;t;~~':::::::::: :~~ – Movement towardJ in Great Britain …… 388 Universities Mission in Africa …………. 555 Value of Missionary Work …………….• 216 – Opposition in ……………………… 153 Venezuela, Archbishop's Alarm in……..••• 945 Vice, Atlanta's Campaign against ………. 629 Volunteer, Ideal Missionary (William Whit- ing Borden) (a) Charles R. Erdman …. 567 Studies, Board of Mission •…. , … '.. . • . . .• 152 – Movement for Home Missions in America. 485 Successors in Service …………………. 780 "Waste Paper Saving" Scheme …………• 716 Sudan, Moslem Workers Active in the. . . . . .. 633 Water Street, New YOTk, Most Remarkable .

– Pioneer Mission •………………….. 462 Convert in (a) Philip 1. Roberts …….. 181 – – – German ……………………… 231 Wesleyan Society in Great Straits ………. 223 – Slave Traffic •.•••••…•…………… 62 Sumatra, Christianity vs. Islam in (a) Ernest D. Pierson •..•…………….. , ….. 369 White Children, Song of the •.•…….•… 917 Widow's Mite …..•.•……………….. 586 – Half a Century in ….•……………. 4 Williams, Bishop Channing M., of Japan (a) – Progress in ………………………. 631 W. E. Griffis .••….•…………….. 653 Sun Yat Sen and the Awakening of China (b) Pierson Curtis ……………….. 115 Woman, Heart of the 'Mohammedan (b) Mrs.

Summer Conferences …………………. 392 Benjamin W. Labaree •…………..• 578 Sunday's Campaign, Results a Year and a – in China, New •••…••••………….•.• 703 Half After (b) G. R. yaple …..,••.••… 438 – Question in India …•……………… 300 _ Campaigns in Columbus and Ene, Some – Suffrage in China •…………………. 305 Results of ……•……. , …………. 435 Woman's Work, One Japanese ………….• 307 Sunday·school CommissIOn tn Korea ……… 701 Women, Chinese Magazines for………… 786 – in India, Christian Work for …. , ……. 145 –Progress, Woria's .' …………….. 723 __ Missions in the …………………. 957 – in South America, Among the (a) Florence Supernatural-From Benath …… ,…….. 500 Smith ………………. '" ………. 511 Superstition, Defeat of ………………. 947 – New Ideas of India's ……………… 146 Swanwick, 1nspiring Gurs at ……………. 8~S – One of China's New ………………. 228 Syria, Hopeful Outlook in …….. , …….. 164 – Students and the Student Movements in _ Remarkable Assembly ………………• 301 India …………………………… 549 _ Turks and Christians Fraternizing in ….. 302 Women's Convention in China …………. 625 – Education in Egypt ……………….. 632 Syrian Church, New Life in the Ancient. … 566 – Summer Schools of Missions…………. 646 Taoist Council, China ………………… 474 – Work in Japan ……………………. 552 Telugu Missions, Successful …….•…. 227, 471 Word of God, Spreading the……………. 717 Temperance for Children in China …•…… 625 Wurld Challenges ……………………. 61 – in Europe, Outlook for …………….. 866 – Christian Citizenship ………………• 645 – Laws in France …•……………….• 946 – Christian Outlook on the (b) W, B. Car· Temple of Heaven, Preaching Christ in the .. 383 penter ………………………….• 52 Testimony of a Japanese Statesman……… 307 – Conference of Christian Students …….. 483 TThhienrkmionmg eBtelr~ckA Missionary •……..•..•… 29 – Missionary. Conference, Next ………… 388 (b) W. J. Hutchins …….. 521 – Opportunlbes … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Tibet, Challenge to Occupy •…………… 870 – Student Christian Movement to Date…. 628 Tibetan Tongue, Bible in the………….. 69 – Tragedies … • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. '61 Tibetans in En~land ……. : …… ,…….. 546 World's Christian Citizenship Conference …. 392 Tokyo, Institutional Church In ..••..•.••.•• 552 – Student Christian Federation …….. ; … 391 – Y. M. C. A. for ………….•………. 626 – Sunday·school Convention …………… 716 Toro Princess Testimony .. ~ ~ ………….. 635 Yuan Shih Kai and the Y. M. C. A …….. 243 Tract Did, What One ……•….••.••.••.•• 298 = J,;':ik'o';g' ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Y. M. C. A. as a World Force………….. 793 Training of Missionaries ..•…………… 388 – ConveI!tion in China ………………. 229 Translating Denominationalism ……•…..• 942 f~r 1~~ Turk, American Savages and the………. 469 _ Further Light as to the…… . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 – in the Philippines ………………•..• 74 -Twice·Born (a) ArthurT. Upson .. 730,821,926 – Membership Basis of the …………….• 628 TURKEY Gospel with a Stereopticon in (a) — Secretaries for Anfiy- and Navy ……•..• 862 Henry H. Riggs ………………… 815 -. Work for Immigrants ……………… 789 _ Imperiled Christians of …•…………. 387 – Yuan Shih Kai and the ……………. 243 – Islam in ………••……………….. 98 _ Missions and Higher Education in ……. 868 – in Yunnanfu, Organizing a ……..•.•.. 473 -New Christian College tn…………. 707,782 – Work, World's …………………… 545 _ Ottoman Educational Conference ……… 244 Y. W. C. A. Headquarters, InternationaL… 62 _ Outlook in ……………………….. 3 YounK Women Wanted for Foreign Work … 806 _ Present Outlook in , ………………. 321 Zeal Not Enough, Missionary ………..•.. 470 Zionist Congress ……….•……….. 867, 947 – Races in …………………………. 148 _ Through Defeat to ~etter Things …….. 468 Zulus Turning to Christ …….•……•…. 245 =_ Up-rising Among Onental Women…….. 67 Zwerner at Jiddah, Arabia, Dr. ……..••..• 469 ~;feM'%~[~n~~e~' A;~ 'D~i~g' 'f~~:::::::: ~g~ – Dr., on "The Nile Mission Press·' …•…• 154 Zwemer's Illness, Dr. . •……..•…..•…• 554 Turkish Youth Seeking EducatIOn •..•••…• 782 – Visit to Belbeis .•….•…………….• 461 – Work in Egypt ……………………. 308

The Missionary Review of the World — October 1910

A COMMITTEE OF NEW PERSIANS? EDITO~S AND

THE MOHAMMEDAN MIJTIHID AND A GROUP OF PERSIAN REACTIONARIES THE OLD AND THE NEW IN PERSIA

of the World Published by Funk and WagnalIlJ Company (Isaac K. Funk, Pres" A. W. WAgnal1s, Vice-Pres., kobert J. Cuddihy, Treas., Robel't Scott, Sec',.), 44-6U E. 23d St., New York 'OL. XXXIII. No. 10 OCTOBER, 1910 VOL. XXIII. No. 10 Old Series NfIVJJ Series SIGNS OF THE TIMES RELIGION IN THE UNITED STATES bel'S. There is a Confucian society in New York and one in California. The publication of the religious cen- There are also members of Chinese sus of the United States gives food for "Joss Houses." Buddhism claims its reflection as to the progress and re- followers in America among Chinese, ligious tendency in this country. It Japanese and East Indians, and there should be borne in mind, however, that are listed sixty-two Chinese and twelve the effort was made to classify every Japanese temples-most of them in individual by religious creed, so that California. Shinto worship is not purely nominal Christians were classed kept up in America, as it is too closely as such and Roman Catholics include identified with the Emperor of Japan. all members of Roman Catholic fam- Hinduism is represented by the Veilies and all others whose names are danta Society, with organizations in on the parish register-even tho they New York, Pittsburg, San Francisco, do not attend a church or contribute to and Los Angeles. This society was its support. organized by Hindus at the Chicago World's Fair in 1893. Oriental The census reports fifty-seven main Theosophists have four organizations bodies of Christians, with 215 sepa- with 2,336 members in the United rate denominational organizations. States. Babism-the reformed Mo- Many of these are caused by merely hammedanism of Persia, and Bahageographical separation or slight ism, another offshoot from Islam, both shades of difference in opinion or be- claim followers, not only among forlief or practise. One of the newest eigners but among Americans. In bodies is a negro organization called 1906 there were 1,280 Bahaiists in "The Church of God and Saints of the United States, with twenty-four Christ." They use only Scriptural places of worship. There are many names for members and follow the Armenians and Greeks in America Ten Commandments as their rule of with their own churches and priests. life. The Salvation Army now numbers 23,000 members, and there are It is evident from a study of these 455 organizations of Spiritualists with statistics that American Christians 35,000 members. Communistic so- have no excuse for going to sleep. It cieties are rapidly disappearing-only is high time that we awake and preach two being left out of eight reported in and live the Gospel of Jesus Christ, so the census of 1890. that those who come to these shores may see the fruits of Christianity and The African and Asiatic religions join the Christian Church. are also represented in America and some of them are growing in num- THE PROPAGANDA OF ISLAM version and stated that Christian mis- sionaries in Japan had published a Pastor Awetaranian, a direct de- l;amphlet concerning Mohammed in scendant of the false prophet, who was which he was depicted as a warrior a "mollah" until his conversion and who carries a sword in his hand and baptism in 1885, is now director of the threatens the nations, The very thing training school for missionaries to which was intended to repel the]apa- Moslems which the German Orient nese, the warlike spirit of Mohammed, Mission has founded in Potsdam. He attracted J ama-Oka and other officers. has recently once more called the at- They founded a society for the study teJ,ltion of evangelical Christendom to of Islam and decided to propagate it th~ aggressiveness of Islam and points in Japan. At the same time India and O1,t the immediate danger. Speaking China are to be approached, while the of the Mohammedan press, especially uncivilized heathen of Africa and Asia in Egypt and India, he shows that the are to be left, as heretofore, to the suc- progress of Mohammedanism in Af- cessful propaganda of Mohammedan rica and Asia during the past years is merchants and traders. causing it to think and write more of its future expansion until it has be- Pastor Awetaranian calls attention come, as every Moslem devoutly hopes, to the fact that Turkey knows as yet the ruling religion of the earth. no real religious liberty, tho the new Constitution guarantees it. He thinks He quotes from the Arabic weekly, that matters are perhaps worse now Elmyajjed, published in Egypt, the re- than under the old regime. The port concerning a great Mohammedan Young Turks have become persuaded conference which has been held at that Islam must be strengthened if Delhi, India, in which especial praise they are to remain in power, and they is bestowed upon the English Govern- favor a powerful propaganda in its ment, because it grants great privileges behalf. Many religious weeklies have to its Mohammedan citizens and aids' been founded by them, two especialthem in all their efforts. The result of ly important ones in Constantinople. this conference has been the organiza- With pride they state that many sciention of a great society for the propaga- tific men of Europe are enthused with tion of the Islam in Asia and Africa, the Mohammedan doctrines, and that the members of which are followers of men everywhere are weakening in Mohammed in India, Egypt, and Rus- their allegiance to the Christian sia. Its first efforts are to be made in (hurch. The increasing Christian sen- ] apan, and a committee has been ap- timent for total abstinence is also conpointed to translate the book "Ruh il ,trued as a token of the increasing Islam" (the spirit of Islam) of Seid leaning toward the teachings of Mo- Emir Alijylhindi into Japanese. A hammed, who prohibited strong drink prominent]apanese officer, Jama-Oka, The new program for the education of Mohammedan theologians fixes the who was associated with General Nogi time of study at twelve years, and preduring the late Russo-Japanese War, scribes certain courses of study, inhas become converteu to Islam and, cluding the book "Izhar-ull-Hagg." after a pilgrimage to Mecca, has made This is the work of an Indian a prolonged visit to Constantinople. Jama-Oka talked freely about his con-

l()IOj SIGNS OF TBE

theolugian, and cOlltains a severe nit- Egypt and tlte North African ie-islll uf Christianity and the Bible, and States are the centers of the anti- Protestant missionary literature. It Christian and anti-European agitation. answers with adroitness the attacks of Already Mohammedan traders and missionaries upon Mohammedanism, teachers from Egypt are going all that future graduates of Mohamme- through Africa, and when the Cape to dan theological schools will be directly Cairo Railway is completed the moveprepared for the battle against the ment will be even more wide-spread. forces of Protestantism. Moslems oppose Europeans as enemies of the slave-trade, opponents of polyg- ANTI-CHRISTIAN MOVEMENTS IN amy and barbarism, and as advocates AFRICA of reforms in morals and religion. The European governments have a The great rival of Christ as the difficult task before them in their Afruling power in Africa is Mohammed. rican dependencies, but they have no ~ot only are the Moslem mollahs bit- excuse for existence if they do not terly opposed to Christianity, and are govern righteously and with a firm doing all they can to forward the hand in the fear of God. There is no spread of Islam, but Christian powers excuse for their favoritism toward -British, French, German, and Portu- Mohammedans or their opposition to guese-says Dr. Zwemer, are prac- Christian missions. tically furthering this course in their protectorates. In Gordon College, at At the last meeting of the Continen- Khartum, the Koran is taught, but the tal Missionary Conference, held at Bible is not; the college is open on Bremen, Professor Meinhoff gave Sunday but closed on Friday, the Mo- some "Reasons why Christian missions hammedan Sabbath. European of- should not stop before Mohammedanficials observe Mohammedan festivals ism." His address deserves especial in some protectorates and at Kotakato! attention, because he visited the Geron Lake Nyasa, a former British of- man missions in Africa last year and ficial forbade the use of a church bell studied the problem of Islam. Proby the Universities Mission because fessor Meinhoff says that Christian Moslems objected, and another offi- missions must not stop before Mohamcial distributed copies of the Koran. medanism, (I) because the gospel is The important Yao tribe of this dis- the message of reconciliation to all trict, on Lake Nyasa, has since gone men; (2) because Mohammedanism over bodily to Islam. does not stop before Christian mis- sions; and (3) because the doors lead- The Christian Express, of South ing to Mohammedan peoples are open. Africa, says that only the most super- Christian missions must be prepared ficial observers will regard the ad- for the battle, (I) by a better knowlvance of Islam in Africa as a mis- edge of Mohammedanism; (2) by an sionary movement. It is an anti- enlarged measure of self-sacrificing European movement largely due to the love; (3) by a willingness to abandon opposition of Africans to European occidental forms, if only the Gospel of standards and European control. The Christ is preached and received in great battle in Africa is not between faith. Professor Meinhoff was address- Christianity and paganism, but between Christianity and Islam.

ing an audience composed almost ex- Caesarea in February, 1909, unites in clusively of representatives of litur- it Moslems and Christians alike. It is gical churches and was referring to practically a young men's Christian pictures, crucifixes, and other things and Moslem association under Chris- still thought of very highly by many tian leadership. The members meet German Christians, but despised by and study the topics of the day, and Moslems. Professor Meinhoff warned join in athletic sports, and on Sun- against street-preaching among Mo- days listen to religious addresses and hammedans, especially in places where studies in the Old and New Testament.

the missionaries are just commencing, The evening audiences are almost ex- and he upheld the decision of some clusively composed of young Moslems.

Christian governments not to allow it Before the revolution such meetings in their colonies, because it excites the would have been impossible. There is people and frequently leads to riots still a danger lest the desire to attract, and tumults. without offending, these young men THE OUTLOOK FOR CHRISTIANITY should lead to philanthropic and ethical rather than purely Christian IN TURKEY The hopes of many Christians that work among them-work such as the overthrow of the old Sultan, Christ would do. Abdul Hamid II, would be the end of opposition to Christian work in Tur- From Trebizond, Dr. S. L. Crawkey have not been realized. The hos- ford writes that there is still great tility of Islam is still evident and those difference of opinion as to the effect of who would leave Mohammed for the New regime on Christian work. Christ are still in danger of persecution Some say that things are worse than if not of death. ever from the standpoint of govern- ment and authority. Others declare Nevertheless, there are many en- that Christians are more likely to secouraging signs in the outlook for cure justice in courts; traveling is Christianity, many barriers are taken easier and the common people have away, as in the abolition of the censor- new opportunities. The thoughtful ship of the press, and many new doors young men are demanding reforms in are open to missionaries. State and Church. Armenians are asking for married bishops and edu- One of the greatest avenues of ad- cated priests. They are coming to see vance is in the work for young wo- that Protestant missionaries teach the men and young men. The American truth and advocate the things that are college for girls at Constantinople is right and wise and uplifting. entering on a new era of power, and it is hoped will take as positive and as high a stand in Christian teaching and ISLAM IN EUROPE AND AMERICA Bible study as it is taking in purely in- The sign of pro~ress which Islam is tellectual branches. Rev. H. M. Irwin, making in Liverpool is a beautiful of Caesarea, says that one of the ways mosque erected a short time ago. Only in which the revolution has opened few native Mohammedans attend this new opportunities is through pro- house of worship, but it is the place of gressive organizations among young meeting for Englishmen who have be- men. One of these clubs, started in come Moslems. These English· Mos-

19ro] SIGNS OF THE

lems observe all prescriptions of the The newspaper Sabah, of Constan- Koran most diligently, except that tinople (April 24, 1910), proudly and they abstain from polygamy, which is joyfully prints a list of those who con- still forbidden in Great Britain. Their tributed toward the fund for the erec- children are called by Turkish, Arabic, tion of a mosque in London. The or Persian names, and it is thought sum contributed amounted to about that one thousand inhabitants of $1,000, and it is most remarkable that Liverpool have either already joined almost all contributors are officers of Islam or are ready to join it. The the army, government officials, and mosque itself is well built, and con- clergymen.

nected with it are schools for boys and The Austrian Government has gills, a library, a museum, a hospital, promised to recognize Islam as an of- a book-store, and a hall in which lec- ficial religion in Bosnia and Herze- tures on Oriental languages and liter- govina, tho it forbids polygamy and ature are regularly given. slavery, which the Koran permits.

The Young Turkish newspaper, Not satisfied with this, the Young Teswir Efkar, recently contained an Turkish Tanin (April 26) demands article on Moslems in America, in that Austria grant all Mohammedans which was discust the statement of the within its borders full liberty to exer- New York Press that there are 450,- cise all their religious tenets and place 000 Moslems in the United States. them under the spiritual oversight of The writer is not ready to accept that the Sheik ul Islam in Constantinople.

figure since he states: The Tanin reports also that a weekly "Americans count the Mormons paper is to be started under the name among the Mohammedans, and not Taarifi M oslemim, which means feder- wrongly perhaps, because they are al- ation of Moslems. The editors of ready half Moslems and will easily be- this paper will be the ablest and best- come whole ones. Numerous Amer- educated Moslems, and investigators icans b~long to sects which are so have been sent out by them into the closely related to Mohammedanism different parts of the earth, that they that they exclaim, 'We also are Mos- report about the conditions of the lems,' when they meet us. Bahaism Mohammedan countries and the pros- has found many followers through the pects of Mohammedanism in others.

instrumentality of Abbas Efendi, the The purpose of the paper is the son of Baha Ullah. In many Amer- strengthening of Mohammedans and ican places Bahaist mosques have been the propagation of Islam.

erected, and the Bahaists are a sect of AN AMERICAN CHINESE CONFER. Islam which can not be separated ENCE from it. When our Mohammedan Memas come to the United States and In the last week of August a unique preach in the language of the country, conference was held in Hartford, Islam will .make rapid and great Conn. About twenty Chinese young progress there, because Americans men and young women met in a con- have some inclination toward it, and vention of the Chinese Christian Stu- Bahaists and Mormons will join it dents' Association of North America.

without much difficulty." These are college students, young pee.-

pIe from good families who expect to THE ABSORPTION OF KOREA return to China and will there become leaders of national thought and life. The aggressive policy and growing They met to discuss what could be done power of Japan in Asia is seen in her to win other Chinese students in recent convention with Russia for the America to Christ and what they can control of Manchuria, and now in her do for the evangelization of China. absorption of Korea into her own em- The Chinese in the recent convention pire, thus doing away with the fiction earnestly advocated the advisability of of Korean independence. The Japanese the Chinese Christians taking respon- lion and th'e Korean lamb lie down tosibility for the missionary work among gether, but the lamb is inside the lion. their own people in order that Chris- Japan's guarantee of Korean indetianity may not be looked upon as a pendence evidently had a short timeforeign religion, and that those who limit, and now the Japanese Governbest understand the Chinese mind may ment has added at one stroke ten milpresent the gospel message. lions to the population of the empire.

This policy is fully endorsed by mis- The effect on missionary work can sionaries. The Chinese must be the not as yet be definitely predicted. ones to evangelize China, and should There are reasons to fear lest, as is take charge of the work as rapidly as almost universally the case, the domleaders are trained and the funds are inant power will look with suspicion contributed by the Chinese themselves. on the work of a third party that is endeavoring to educate and elevate her In discussing the new signs of na- slave. Except among enlightened tional progress and the effect on masters there is always a fear lest edu- Christian missions in China, Rev. W. cation make servants restive under N. Bitton, of Shanghai, writes that control. Thus far Japan has not dimany of the newspapers of China de- rectly hindered Christian missionaries light to scatter a knowledge of the in Korea, altho their regulations and seamy side of Western life in order to their arrogance toward Koreans and create contempt for Western nations missionaries have often been annoying and the Christian religion. The facts and have obstructed the work. of Christian teaching and practise are, however, being disseminated more and There seems no reason to doubt more widely by the Christian Litera- that there will continue to be in Korea ture Society for China and by the the same religious liberty that has been tract societies, so that the people are enjoyed, and the loss of temporal hopes coming to understand the truth about may stiH further lead Koreans to set Christian ideals. The Government is their minds on eternal things. still opposed to Christian missions and refuses to recognize diplomas from The statistics for Christianity in missionary institutions, altho these are Korea show that in June, 1909, there the best in the land. When the Chris- were 42,244 Protestant church-memtian teachers and leaders of China be- bers in Korea and 50,516 catechumens. come Chinese, not foreigners, then the Foreign missionaries numbered only anti-foreign sentiment will not create 283, for the most of the work is done an anti-Christian agitation. by Korean teachers and evangelists, who are volunteers or are supported by the Korean Church,

SALTAR I(HAN OF TABRIZ AND HIS VOLUNTEERS, WHO SAVED THE

1 J RELIGION AND POLITICS IN PERSIA BY REV. S. G. WILSON, D.D., TABRIZ, PERSIA Author of "Persian Life and Customs"

Recent changes in Persia are eco- suffering great injustice and oppresnomic and political in their origin and sion. Their ancient country was weak, their manifestations. The results so its government corrupt, its independfar are largely social and political. ence threatened. The people, rich and But religious feeling has influenced the poor alike, were groaning on account agitations and has modified the con- of their pitiable lot. Their kismet ditions of the contest as well as the (fate) was ill-fortune. Bribes outcome. Politics will continue to af- weighed down the scales of justice. fect the religious conditions and with Security of property was at the them all missionary work and the caprice of venal judges, both civil and prospects of the Kingdom of God in religious. Men curst their rulers Persia. with a vim and vindictiveness that was startling. For several decades the The struggle for a constitution city people had lived on the verge of arose from a desire, somewhat blind, famine, tho the crops were fairly good to find a remedy for adverse economic They exclaimed, "Allah gives us our conditions, without much knowledge daily bread, but greedy men starve of what that remedy was, how it could us." Princes and nobles, mollahs and be applied, or what would be its ef- other capitalists, who owned the vilfects. The people knew, beyond con- lages, had their hands on the throats tradiction, that their circumstances of the people as effectively as if they ,:alled for amelioration. They were

had been a landlord's trust. They sians began to hope that they might doubled and trebled the price of wheat yet retain their independence. Many in the cities. The laborer was oblige~ were the inquiries as to how Japan to work ten days for a bushel of had developed. What was the secret wheat. This high price scarcely bene- of her progress and success? The fited the farmer, for he had little wheat constitutional struggle in Russia had or barley to sell after feeding his great influence in Persia, especially in family. The rent and taxes were paid its effects on the Persians and Shiahs in kind, by measure not by value. The of the Caucasus, who imbibed constitu- officials, headed by the Crown Prince, tional and socialistic ideas and were the farmers of taxes, and the mollahs, initiated into revolutionary methods. whose stipends were collected by them Other Persians were influenced in from the villages in produce, were Constantinople by the Young Turk waxing rich and the mass of the peo- party. In Persia secret agitators were ple grew poorer and poorer. Prices working and planning. The outbreak of other commodities rose. Men with was sudden and unexpected. The or- fair earnings were under the necessity der of events was as follows: of pawning their household goods. With heart and lips they curst botl; 1. Efforts to arrest a Sayid, a political priest and prince. agitator, resulted in the killing of another Sayid. A great political demonstration The corruption of the Government was made. Thousands of the people took was causing intense dissatisfaction. refuge in the British Legation in Teheran Loans had been contracted from Rus- and the British Consulate in Tabriz. A … sia, making possible royal jaunts in constitution was demanded, in the sum- Europe and lining the pockets of the mer of 1906. viziers and court favorites, but without any result in public utilities. For 2. Constitution granted by the Shah, these loans the customs duties were Muzaffar-i-Din, August 5, 1906. hypothecated. Foreign (Belgian) controllers were put in charge of the 3. First National Assembly inaugura- customs, post and passports. Road ted, Teheran, October 7, 1906. concessions gave the King's highways into the hands of foreigners, and 4. Shah died. Mohammed Ali crowned bridges which from time immemorial Shah, January 19, 1907. had been public property became to11- bridges through the connivance of 5. Prime Minister Attabeg-i-Azam as- bribe-taking officials. Patriotic anger sassinated August 31, 1907. was aroused by these circumstances and by the threatened danger to the 6. Russian-British agreement published independent regulation of religion September, 1907, dividing Persia into should the country pass under foreign spheres of influence. control. 7. First National Assembly dispersed Under these conditions the outcome at cannon's mouth, June 23, 1908. of the Russo-Japanese war made a profound impression. The invincible 8. First siege of Tabriz, June-October; Russians were humbled. The Per- royal troops withdrew, vanquished.

9. Second siege of Tabriz, January- April, 1909. City relieved by Russian troops April 30th.

10. Teheran occupied by Nationalist troops. Shah abdicated, July 6th. Sul- tan Ahmed Mirza made Shah; aged I3.

11. Second National Assembly con- ,·ened November, 1909. Russian troops remain. During these three years, Turk- ish troops occuPJf l'~t~~an Kurdistan..

AND POLITICS IN PERSIA

I. Influence on RelilrioD has been founded by the help of the twelfth Imam and it must never to all The power and influence of the ages pass laws contrary to the laws of Moslem mollahs was at first exerteJ Islam and the Prophet. The decision with the people to bring the Shah to on this point must rest with the Ulema, terms and to procure the proclamation and therefore a committee of five of of constitutional government. After- the Mujtihids shall sit as members of ward the Liberals were constrained to the assembly and have power to reject allow the moJlahs large influence in all bills in their judgment contrary to drafting the written constitution, for the Sacred Law; their decision shall the Shah could not have been forced to THE NEW UNIFORMED POLICE OF TABRJZ.. PERSIA accept and sign it except by combina· be final. This article shall not be tion with the clericals. Articles were liable to change until the advent of the thus admitted to the constitution whic}1 twelfth Imam. the Liberals did not desire and which they hoped to make dead letters as Articles seventy-one and eighty-six soon as possible. Some of these pru- seem to limit the power of the Mujtivisions favor clerical domination and hids courts, giving the supreme and provide for the continuation of their final decision to the tribunal estabpower. Article I establishes Islam lished by the Government. This is according to the Shiah sect of the important, as hitherto the decisions of twelve Imams as the religion of Per- the Mujtihids have been for the most sia, and declares that the sovereign of part independent and final. In the Persia must belong to and contribute troubles subsequent to the adoption of to the spread of this religion. Article this constitution, the influence of the II declares that the National Assembly chief Mujtihids of Kerbela seem to have been with the national movement.

But at the time of the overthrow of voices the creed; calling out, "Allah the first national assembly and the be- akbar! Allah akbar! God is great! ginning of the civil war, the prominent There is no God but God; Mohammed Mujtihids of Persia sided with the is the prophet of God; Ali is the Reactionaries. In Tabriz they organ- vicegerent of God." Times without ized a society called the Islamia, which number this creed rang out testifyinE1 strenuously worked for the triumph of to the besieging army that the citizens the Royalists. They issued a fatva, or were true Shiahs. On the other hand, decree, branding the Constitutionalists it is quite well understood that Abbas as babis, or heretics, and proclaiming a Effendi, the false Christ of the Bahais, holy war against them. The Islamia entered into some sort of political barwas one of the most persistent and gain with Mehmet Ali, the Shah, to vindictive of the opponents of the support him and that he prophesied Nationalist cause, and the flight of its for him a long and prosperous reign, members and the destruction of their which prophecy was speedily falsified headquarters was a fitting finale to the by his dethronement. first siege of Tabriz and the triumph of the cause of the people. At present II. Influence on Liberty many of the mollahs are openly hostile to the new regime, while others In the fundamental law it is deare striving for the preservation of the clared that the people of 'Persia shall Sacred Law (shari) under the con- enjoy equal rights before the civil stitutional forms. The reform move- law. This was opposed with great ment has at no time been aimed energy by the majority of the mollahs, against religion, tho the Nationalists who maintained that the Mussulman include many freethinkers and men law, the Shari, must be enforced. who would like to throw off the re- They were combated by the popular straints of religion. preachers, who declared that the law of Mohammed is a law of liberty and It is a mistake to suppose that the equality and that those who say otherconstitutional movement has been un- wise are traitors to their country and der Bahai influences. It is understood unworthy of their religion. Another that the Bahais were instructed from provision of the constitution declares Accho to take no part in it. Tabriz, that the study of teaching of arts, letwhich made the most determined re- ters and sciences is free, except in so sistance to the Royalist troops, con- far as they are forbidden by the tains not more than 300 Bahais, old Shari. All publications are free exand new. When the Royal forces had cept heretical works containing matter surrounded Tabriz they were urged harmful to the religion of Islam. on to fight as against Babi or Bahai heretics. Then a unique demonstra- As regards religious liberty the #on, and one that will never fade from Constitution is evidently an unsatismemory, was made by the city popula- factory compromise. In regard to tion to convince the Royal army that civil liberty we must judge by the decthey were good Shiahs. Mounting laration of the law rather than by the their flat roofs, they repeated with the actual conditions, for as yet the counmighty sound of ten thousand of try is really unsettled, and disorder is held in check by the Russian army of

AND POLITICS IN PERSIA 73

occupation. The law gives a vote to Prejudice and bigotry have diminevery male over twenty years of age ished. Christians and Moslems have who has an income of at least $100 a been associated in patriotic work, conyear. It guarantees him the right of sulting together and fighting side by trial for alleged offense and the right side for liberty. The Moslems have of appeal. Unless caught in a criminal joined in the funeral services of the act he can not be arrested nor his Christians who have died for the house entered without legal warrant. cause, marching to the grave, carrying AN EDUCATIONAL SOCIETY IN TABRIZ Half of these have been teachers and students in the lfemorial (Mission) School Taxes may only be imposed by a vote the bier, weeping for them as for of the representatives of the people, brothers. At the funeral of the who also have control of the expendi- American teacher, Mr. Baskerville, the tures of concessions and of cessions of governor, the members of the Legisterritory. lature, and an immense crowd of sin- cere mourners were present. The Regarding the expression of opin- prejudice against foreign languages ions and beliefs greater liberty pre- and sciences is diminished. In a word, vails. The sects have greater freedom. there is decided advance in both civil The skeptical and indifferent are more and religious liberty. outspoken. Social Democrats are active in their propaganda. Bahais III. The Influence on Civilization are exerting themselves boldly and energetically. There is a marked dif- The reformers are looking toward ference in the treatment of Christians. the development of a higher civiliza-

tion, the improvement of the intel- usurped functions and confine them- lectual status, and the amelioration of selves to legitimate questions. the social condition of the peasants, laborers and women. Little has been In regard to education, the Govern- accomplished as yet. The political sit- ment has been able to do little. Local uation has been too acute to permit of boards have organized schools on for- the consideration of other things. It eign models. They are supported by may be said that without regard to subscriptions and tuitions. The great party and excepting some few stiff re- desire for education is one of the hopeactionaries, the Shah, nobles, priests ful signs. In Tabriz a score of new and people are alike desirous of ac- schools with several thousand pupils cepting the civilization of the West have been established. Schools for and adapting it, each according to his girls have been opened in the capital preconceived notions. The astrology and in a few other places. For the and astronomy of the traditions are 1110st part the opposition of the reacthrown aside. The practise of med- tionaries has prevented the organizing icine, the forms of entertainment, of schools for girls. There is a strong dress, household furniture, modes of adherence to harem life and jealousy conveyance are being conformed to of any movement to emancipate wo- European customs. Printing-presses men. They feel that only female are being substituted for the old style teachers should teach their girls, and of lithography. The telephone and there are at present no female teachers electric light are becoming companions outside the mission schools. of the telegraph. Carriages convey the ladies of the harem over paved One school for boys which has been streets, superseding the white donkeys organized in Teheran is under Amer- Macadamized roads under Russian ican Bahai superintendence. It is companies are penetrating the interior partly supported by contributions from and the automobile takes us from America. Back of it is an American Tabriz to the Russian frontier, so that organization, an educational society we can make railroad connection in as for Persia. It appeals for funds as if many hours as days were formerly re- on a philanthropic basis for the elevaquired. A naphtha launch on the lake tion of Persia, concealing the fact that brings Urumia within a day and a the funds collected are to be used for half of Tabriz. A great oil-field has the promotion of Bahaism (new been opened up near Shushan, the Babism) . It announces that its Palace. school is the only nonsectarian school in Persia, whereas Bahaism is one of One great benefit that has accrued the most distinctive and arrogant of to the people has been the cheapening the Persian sects and a most persistent of bread, by the breaking up of the and deceptive proselyter. The public power of the landlords to store up should be warned not to be deceived wheat and control the price. The cost into contributing to the support of this of many articles has been regulated, perverse system. and the half-starved people are greatly relieved. Lately the local Anjumans The other arm of civilization, the have relinquished most of their press, has developed largely under the new regIme. The number of news- papers has multiplied quickly, and the

19IO] RELIGION AND POLITICS IN PERSIA

new ideas are propagated through trust of the people. He was asked them. They have been strong critics which could be most easily dispensed of abuses and have not hesitated to with. "The army," he said, "for with make personal attacks on high offi- the other two prosperity could still cials and on royalty itself. Among exist." "Which of these two ?"

those killed by order of Mehmet Ali "Money," he replied, "for the trust Shah at the time of his coup d'etat and confidence of the people would were several prominent editors. In give success." But what shall we say Tabriz the printing-presses and book- of a country in which confidence in stores were destroyed. Recently a the men of the new movement is lost paper was suspended for advocating and distrust of the old reactionaries is the unveiling of women, and its editor more keenly felt, where money is was imprisoned. lacking and financial administration IV. The Influence on Politics inadequate and corrupt, where the army is untrained and divided under Politically two possibilities lie be- tribal leaders and factional chiefs, fore Persia. On the one hand, it may united by no common patriotic pur- work out its own salvation through pose or inspiration, where that right- falls and blunders, falling forward eousness which exalteth a nation is ab- and blundering upward, until it sent? Public opinion says that Persia reaches a stable constitutional govern- as an independent government is ment, able to furnish security for trade doomed, that after a time its factions and property and to organize some will become more bitter, its treasury system of honest and efficient taxation. empty, its hope destroyed, and it will The other alternative is some sort of accept foreign control.

foreign control or protectorate. Which Russia, with England in accord, shall it be? Present conditions must commands the situation. Its influence be the basis of a prophecy of the has been increasing for many years.

future. It received legal sanction when Persia, The impression at present seems to during the reign of Muzafar-i-Din be that Persia will not be able to set Shah, solicited a loan and hypothe- her house in order. Developments of cated the customs duties as its secur- late have been from bad to worse. ity. Its position was rendered im- Confusion and insecurity prevail. pregnable when the entente with Commerce is checked and caravan England acknowledged its sphere of roads for merchandise are frequently influence as extending over the largest robbed. The Nationalists are divided and best part of Persia. This agree- with sparring, almost warring fac- ment between the two most interested tions. Many are seeking their own powers is the largest factor in the and enriching themselves, as under the political situation. It was arranged in old regime. New taxes on shops, the summer of 1907. Then the lion salt-meat, etc., have caused grumbling. and the bear lay down together.

The Oriental story seems apropos. These old rivals reached a mutual un- The wise man said that three things derstanding with the object of avoid- were necessary for the progress of the ing any cause of conflict. While as- kingdom-an army, money, and the serting the independence and integ-

A GROUP OF MOSLEM PUPTLS IN THE MEMORIAL (MISSTON) SCHOOL, TABRIZ rity of Persia, they defined the Rus- Persian Government has of late desian sphere of influence as North sired loans, Russia has presented con- Persia as far as Ispahan and Yezd, ditions which would still further inclusive. T-he British sphere ex- strengthen its position and give it partends over a much smaller section, tial control of the army and of the inincluding Kerman and Bandar Abbas. ternal administration. When this Between these spheres a considerable control will come and whether it will area was left as a buffer. The agree-" take the form of an occupation or ment excludes other powers from ob- protectorate, only the future will retaining concessions even in the neutral veal. In certain contingencies it is zone. This entente has been of the possible that Germany and Turkey greatest importance for the preserva- may interfere and prevent this contion of peace during the present crisis. summation. Turkey has already laid It has probably averted war and the hold of considerable portions of Perimmediate division of Persia. It may sian Kurdistan, districts in the Urumia be noticed in passing that by this mission field. agreement all the stations of the American missions and the most im- v. The Influence on Mi••ions portant of the BritishC. M. S. are in the sphere of Russia. Whatever be the political outlook, the outlook for missionary work is Russia's posItion at present is favorable. Under a liberalized regime, strengthened by the presence of de- missions will have enlarged freedom tachments of troops in Tabriz, Kas- and new opportunities. On the other vin, Teheran, Resht, Ardebil and hand, Persia under the protectorate of Khoi, and by increased consular a Christian power will be a field for guards at other places. When the aggressive evangelism. The Persians,

AND POLITICS IN PERSIA

Tatars and Kurds, increasing- in num- to the mission schools, and in some bers under a government which will cities the only school for Moslem girls afford security to life and property, is that of the mission. will by their spiritual need, give a louder call to the Church. The opportunity enjoyed and the in- fluence exerted in this new educa- The forecast of the future presents tional work may best be shown in a an open door and an increasing meas- specific instance. The memorial ure of liberty. The bonds of tradi- school of the Presbyterian Mission is tion are relaxing. Fanaticism is located at Tabriz. Tabriz is a city of weakening, bigotry is under restraint. several hundred thousand people-a Persia has now the listening ear. Mos- prosperous, growing city-the comlems attend to the gospel message mercial emporium of the country; the without hindrance, baptized converts capital of Azerbijan, the richest and are unmolested. Evangelists report a most populous province, which is ingood reception. In school work there habited by a hardy and virile race of is a great increase of opportunity, people. Its inhabitants have awathrough the attendance of Moslem kened, have shown a marked change pupils. If we had the means and the and a great desire for speedy progress native Christian teachers ready for the in the new civilization. For some work, we could open schools in many years the memorial school had a sucof the large towns and teach the gos- cessful work with Armenian pupils. pel along with Western science and Lately it has become possible to relanguag-es. Persian girls are coming ceive Persian (Moslem) pupils. The THE RECl'fATION HALL OF MEMORIAL (MISSION) SCRQOL~ TABRIZ

number has rapidly increased to over to evangelize Persia the mission force one hundred. They are from all is very inadequate. In northern Perclasses-sons of princes, governors, sia the Presbyterian Board of the beys, judges and khans, of mollahs, United States has two missions-( I) sayids and scribes. Some of them the western mission, with stations at are boarders, eating food cooked by Urumia, Tabriz and the Nestorian Christians and with Christian com- (Kurdistan) Mountains; (2) the panions. They and their parents have eastern mission, with stations at accepted attendance at chapel and Teheran, Hamadan, Kasvin, Resht, regular and direct teaching of the gos- and Kermanshah. In central and pels as parts of the curriculum. This southern Persia the Church Missionfreedom to give religious instruction is ary Society of England has stations a cause for urgency and zeal in using at Ispahan, Shias, Yezd, Kerman and the opportunity. The fact that the Bagdad (Turkey). These missions authorities look with favor on the have gathered about 4,000 churchschool and patronize it, gives it a se- members, with 10,000 adherents from cure future. At the examinations in the Nestorians and Armenians, with a June the governor-general, ex-gov- few converts at each station from the ernor, judges, chief officials and con- Moslems. The American and British suls were present and testified their and foreign Bible societies are carryappreciation. Now is the fit time when ing on work distributing Bibles in the lead in education can be held. We, Persian, Arabic, Tatar, Turkish, Arlike Queen Esther, "have come to the menian, Syriac, Perso-Hebrew, etc. kingdom for such a time as this." There is a new longing, heaven-in- The mission work in Persia is enspired, among Christians to under- tering on a new era. It demands entake in earnest the evangelization of largement. It needs also the inter- Moslems. Here is the open door in cession of God's people that the Chrisanswer to past prayers and efforts. tians gathered from the Oriental Has not the day dawned for which churches may have the spirit of ag- Henry Martyn longed? gressive evangelism in relation to their Moslem fellow countrymen. To meet the enlarged opportunity Christ is Persia's only hope.

WHEN I HAVE TIME When I have time so many things I'll do To make life happier and more fair For those whose lives are crowded now with care. I'll help to lift them from their low despair, When I have time.

Now is the time I Ah, friend, no longer wait To scatter loving smiles and words of cheer To those around whose lives are now so dear, They may not meet you in the coming year- Now is the time.

-SELECTED.

CHURCH AND THE MOHAMMEl>AN PROBLEM =I<

The week of prayer, on behalf of thing for the people of Turkey, Persia the Moslem world, suggested by the and Morocco to do is to consider their Secretaries' Conference last year, has own regeneration, and get ready to take part been widely observed and has been in the advancement of civilization, which fruitful in many ways and in many is irresistible. If the teachers of the faith lands. This is evident not only from do not acknowledge the necessity of such the increased interest in the Mo- progress, their followers will doubtless hammedan problem throughout all the break away and leave them behind. The churches in this country and abroad. period of decadence of Islam has ended but also in the workings of God's with the deposition of the three absolute providence and spirit so evident to- monarchies, and hereafter there can be no tardy or indifferent recognition of the inevitable, without sharing their fate.

day in Moslem lands. Such words, appearing in the lead- I. Developments in the Moslem World ing journal of the political capital of The general unrest of the Moslem Islam, are fuIl of significance to the world continues to be more and more Church of God, especially as every in evidence. A significant and sur- statement in the editorial is substan- prizing editorial recently appeared in tiated by news from different parts of a leading Moslem newspaper of Con- the Moslem world. There never was stantinople, from which we quote: such unrest, politically, socially, and The Moslem world is in the throes of spiritually, in Moslem lands as there a regeneration which will affect its social, is to-day. On the other hand, this as well as its political conditions, and in- very unrest is accompanied by a new directly must concern its ecclesiastical sense of solidarity and an attempt to affairs. It will undoubtedly have the unify the disintegrating forces of same influence that the reformation of Islam. Luther and the French revolution had upon society and culture. The dethrone- The increase and activity of the ment of three absolute monarchs in three Moslem press is extraordinary. Since independent Moslem states is a novel the new regime in Turkey, 747 pubchapter in the history of Islam, and calls lications, weeklies and monthlies, have for grave reflection by the adherents of sprung up. In Russia, Egypt, Algiers, that faith. The social and economic af- Persia and Java, all Moslem presses fairs of a nation, as well as its religion, have been kept busy interpreting the are closely allied to its politics, and there political changes in the Moslem world can not be a serious disturbance in one and the clash of old beliefs with without having a great influence upon the modern education. Even at Durban, others. It means either decay or prog- South Africa, a Moslem journal is ress, because there is no such thing as now published, ahd it is significant rest or stagnation in society. The hu- that one of the leading papers in man race can not remain in repose. It Cairo, El Muayyad, and El Watan of must either advance or go backward. Lahore are at the head of a reaction- ary movement in favor of the old This suggests a thorough inquiry into Turkish party. the conditions of Islam; whether the material advancement of the infidel nations The Mohammedans in Russia are has shaken the faith of Mussulmans in pleading for greater recognition from the wisdom and ability of their leaders, the Duma and there continue to be reand has caused them to follow the lights of intelligence and learning that science has given to Europe and America, leaving Asia in partial darkness. The first * A report presented at the Seventeenth Conference of Foreign Mission Boards of North America, New York, January, 1910.

ports of Moslem conversions in Kazan home rule, educational reform and and other parts of the Russian Em- progress. The first congress was held pire. In the village of Atomva over a year ago at Djokyakarba, the ninety-one families embraced Islam. second last October, and among other At Tomsk, Siberia, a Moslem society questions discust were the education of reform and progress has been or- of women, the freedom of the press, ganized and the Turkish Moslems at and self-government. Irkutsk are asking for a Turkish consul. The taking of Teheran by the The struggle between the old and army of the constitutionalists pro- the new in the Mohammedan world voked intense joy not only in Persia, seems to be well-nigh universal. We but in Kabul, where there were three read, for example, in the same number days of feasting. of a review of the Moslem world that the Moslems of Port Elizabeth (Cape It is very evident, on the other hand, of Good Hope) met to consider the that throughout the entire Moslem legality of the investiture of Moworld the party of reform and progress hammed V as Caliph, and after apis having a hard battle against the proval sent a telegram of congratulaforces of reaction. This is true not tion to Constantinople; but that the only in Turkey and Persia, but of Egyptian press defended the conduct other lands and in the most unexpected of the Sultan of Morocco in the places. mutilations of prisoners, against the protest of Europeans, as being in ac- The deposition of Abdul Hamid as cord with the religious law of Islam. Sultan and Caliph is not accepted by A committee of Young Turks has proall Moslems; for e~ample, the Sultan tested against the Wali of Salonika of Oman has refused to recognize the because of his excessive zeal in ennew Sultan of Turkey, altho advised forcing the state religion in the matter to do so, and the Moslem correspond- of the use of the veil and the obent of the Cairo press reports that, in servance of the month of fasting. spite of the new constitution, anarchy and oppression continue to prevail at While the rebellions of last century Mecca. Central Arabia is no longer greatly crippled the Moslem cause in under the rule of the dynasty of China, the recent, tho fruitless, at- Rashid, an independent ruler of Nejd, tempts to establish consulates for the but is under that of Bin Saood. This protection of Moslem interests in change is from progressive rule to that China, and the starting by thirty Moof the conservative and reactionary hammedan students at Tokyo of a party, altho Bin Saood acknowledges quarterly magazine in Chinese, enthe suzerainty of Turkey and cooper- titled M os/ern Awake, for private cirates with the Ottoman Government to culation throughout China, are indicaprotect the new railway. tions of an activity which needs no comment. As in Turkey and Egypt, so in ] ava. A young Javanese party has The general survey of the Moslem been formed among the educated world for the year can not omit men- Moslems; it calls itself Bondi Outomo, tion of the twelfth congress of the the Universal League of Javanese Young Egyptian party, which took Moslems, and its program includes place at Geneva, September 12 to 15,

19IO] tHE CHURCH A:"JD tHE MOHAMMEDAN PROBLEM

or of the Pan-Moslem Congress adver- is at stake. .Missionary leaders from tised in the Moslem press to be held at such distant quarters as Western Cairo. January 21, 1911. The pro- China, South India, Baluchistan, moter of this congress is Ismail Beg South Africa, and even Peru, write Gasprinsky, of the Crimea. The that in their opinions the most urgent president of the congress, we are told, problem is the Mohammedan auvance will be Sheik Selim el Bishri, of the in Africa. It should be met at once. University of Azhar, at Cairo. Altho The investigations in progress for the since the death of Sidi El Mahdi the Edinburgh Conference will doubtless influence of the Sanusiyah dervishes indicate the present strength and has diminished in eastern Sudan and progress of Mohammedanism in every Sahara, the testimony of the Moslem part of Africa. What we need is de- advance in Africa continues to ac- tail of the situation in order that the cumulate. Christian Church may with unity of action meet the strategic points by The capture of Wadai by French preoccupation, perhaps by rapid tho troops during the year is the 1110St superficial evangelization, and espesignificant political event along' the cially by strengthening the native entire horizon. By this campaign the churches of Central Africa over chief African center of Pan-Islamisrn against the teachers of Islam. In view and reaction against civilization and of the seriousness of the situation the European rule has fallen into the advocacy of superficial evangelization hands of a European power and has is both wise and strategic. We need marie it almost impossible for Mo- to use the tactics of the Moslems themhammedan fanatics to secure a base selves and preempt the pagan races for war against Christian government. by giving them some acquaintance This does not mean, however, that the with the externals and the general peaceful, commercial and colonizing teaching of Christianity, so that when advance of Islam in Africa has come to a Mohammedan comes the pagan will an end. already be fortified by arguments of a superior religion. II. Developments Along Missionary Lines Tt is interesting to note that the Generally speaking, the year has statistics of the Moha111l11edan problem seen greater oportunity for mission- are more and more becoming approxary work among Mohammedans than imately correct. There have been ever before, and it seems that the un- special and careful investigations in rest of the Moslem world has been regard to the Moslems in China. A decidedly helpful to the cause of mis- book on the subject has just appeared, sions in awakening the spirit of in- written by one who is thoroughly qualquiry, a greater demand for the Bible ified and has given much time to its and a willingness to discuss the claims preparation. of Christianity. The total number of Moslems in The present urgency of the situation China is now reported by missionaries in the dark continent has been brought who have investigated province by anew to the attention of Christians. province to be not more than 15,000,- The Moslem menace has become the 000, and perhaps not over 8,000,000. Moslem problem, the whole continent

The total number of Mohammedans in The Neslect of the Church Siam is only a fraction of the figures The Church is still neglecting to given in the Cairo report, based on the carry the gospel to Mohammedans, not returns of Hubert Jansen; while, on only in those lands which were seem- the other hand, the number of Mo- ingly closed to direct evangelism, but hammedans in the Philippine Islands, in lands where the doors are wide as given in a recent careful estimate, open, as in' China and India. The is not less than 491,465.* Shanghai Conference report states: Except for the establishment and de- "At the end of a hundred years of velopment of the Methodist Episcopal missionary work in China are these Mission in North Africa, no new mis- twenty millions of Moslems, all sheep sion to Moslems has been organized for whom Christ died, with souls as during the past year, but the work of precious as those of the Chinese, yet several American societies has de- without a single worker set apart espe- veloped along lines of Moslem evan- cially to reach them. We thrust their gelization. A pioneer m1SSlOnarv needs and claims upon the Christian journey was made by Miss Jenny Vo~ Church and demand that something be Mayer, with fruitful results, in the done to meet those needs and claims, distribution of literature among the and that something be done quickly." Mohammedans in Russia. From India the testimony is almost The preparations for the Lucknow unanimous that the Mohammedans are Conference are progressing favorably. sadly neglected. In southern India The program, with one or two modifi- only one missionary has been specially cations, has been definitely agreed set apart for this work, while in northupon. Invitations have been sent out ern India work for them is carried on to all missionary societies. It is most only in the Panjab, and for some disimportant, especially in view of the tance into the border provinces and the necessarily small place that the Mos- united provinces. The Madras Delem problem had on the crowded pro- cennial Conference, in speaking of the gram of the Edinburgh Conference, comparative fewness of the converts that every society send a strong dele- from Mohammedanism, stated that gation to Lucknow. It is evident, this was due not so much "to the both from the deVelopments in the character of the religion, as to the Moslem world which have been start- neglect of systematic efforts to reach lingly rapid and wide-spread, as well the sixty-two million Mohammedans as because of the increased interest at of India who are more accessible than home, that the next few years will those in any other part of the Mobring every society face to face with hammedan world." this problem. We must be ready to meet it by the early preparation of In Malaysia, where seven-eighths of Christian literature for Moslems, espe- the total population is Mohammedan, cially adapted to meet the present and where there has been remarkable crisis. Such literature reaches those success among them, the missionary whom missionaries never see. societies are yet devoting most of their time and attention to winning heathen tribes, lest they become Moslem, • See Revue du Mo~de Mussulmall, Jan., 1909. rather than carrying on an aggressive

1910J FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE, THE ANGEL OF THE CRIMEA

work among the Mohammedans them- ideals among the educated classes, and selves. It is a noteworthy fact that there is a distinct intellectual revival in nearly all of the wholly unoccupied every part of the Moslem world. Now fields of the world, with the exception is the time to enter the field with of Tibet, Anam and South America, Christian education. The philosophare Mohammedan. ical disintegration of orthodox Islam in its clash with modern civilization The Present Opportunities and science is also a hopeful feature.

We call attention also to the unpre- In view of the distinctly anticedented opportunities for evangel- Christian character of Islam and the izing Mohammedans. Their needs vital issues involved in the chalare more clearly understood, the doors lenge of Mohammed's supremacy over were never so widely open, and on against the deity and the glory of every hand the changing political con- Christ, ''lie call for earnest intercession ditions or aspirations are distinctly that God's Spirit may be poured out favorable to missions. ll1ightily and that triumphs of His grace and power may soon be evident The social reform movements to in Moslem lands, and so the reproach free Islam from polygamy, illiteracy of Islam be removed. and the degradation of womanhood are indicative of the spread of higher FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE, THE ANGEL OF THE CRIMEA BY THE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF The death of this remarkable wo- nursing and management in the man at the age of ninety-seven marks French hospitals, and herself went an era. She has been famous for her into training seven years later as a labors in connection with army san- nurse in the institution of Protestant itary reform for about sixty years. Deaconesses at Kaiserswerth. Re- She was born of English stock, in turning to England, she put into Florence, Italy, in 1823, was highly thorough working order the sanaeducated and brilliantly accomplished, torium for governesses in connection a woman of peculiarly tender sensi- with the London institution. The term bilities. of apprenticeship, which thus served as an unconscious preparation for her Her intelligence was inseparable life work, extended over a decade of with an intense interest in the alIevia- years. tion of human suffering. This, at the early age of twenty-one, led her to give When in the spring of 1854 war attention to the condition of hospitals. was declared with Russia, a British Like John Howard before her, she army of twenty-five thousand men emstarted upon a "circumnavigation of barked for the scene of the conflict. charity," visiting and inspecting the The battle of Alma was fought Sepcivil and military hospitals all over tember 20, and the wounded and sick Europe. With the Sisters of Charity were sent to the rude hospitals prein Paris she studied the system of pared for them on the banks of the

Bosphorus. These were soon over- herself. And it is not too much to crowded, and their unsanitary condi- say that the result was a permanent tion was such that the rate of mor- breakdown in her own health. She tality far cxceeded that of the fiercest became a chronic invalid. and bloodiest battle itself. Nevertheless, even in her sickroom ]t was at this great crisis that lliss her mind and heart were still busy de- Xightingale offere~l to organize at vising means for the permanent im- Scutari a nursing department upon the provement of the health of the soldier latest sanitary basis, and Lord Her- and the diminution of the awful exbert, then of the War Office, gladly posures incident to war. For instance, accepted the offer. vithin a week, in 1857 she furnished the commis- October 21, she actually was on the sioners who had been appointed to inway with her band of nurses, and ar- Cjuire into the regulations affecting the rived in Constantinople November 4, sanitary conditions of the British on the eve of Inkerman and at the be- army with a most remarkable paper ginning of the famons and terrible of written and detailed evidence, irnwinter of that disastrous campaign. pressing with the characteristic force She found the wounded from that and clearness which distinguished her second battle filling the wards with own mental operations, what she pro- 2,300 patients, and during that crit- noanced the great lesson of the Criical perioel she exhibited a devotion l:;can War-a sanitary experiment to her work and to the comfort of the upon a colossal scale. Her close obsufferers that has passed into history servation of the whole progress of this as one of the most remarkable ex- gigantic conflict convinced her that the hibitions of self-oblivious love that rate of mortality among soldiers could the world has ever recorded. This be reduced to one-half of what it was grand woman stood for twenty hours even in time of peace at home. This out of the twcnty-four to see the conviction compelled her to turn her wounded and sick provided with attention to the general question of every accommodation and comfort sanitary reform in the army, both that was possible in their condition. during the campaign and in the camp. First of all, she turned her thoughts In the spring of 1855, while in the to the reform of the system in the Crimea organizing the nursing depart- army hospitals. ment of the camp hospitals, her untiring toil and unintermitting labors The next year-that is, 18.$8-she brought on a prostrating fever. contributed to the National Associa- Nevertheless, she refused to leave her tion for the Promotion of Social post. Slowly recovering, she stayed Science two papers on hospital conat Sctltari until, in 1856, the British struction and arrangement which were afterward published with the entire evacuated Turkey on Jtill' 28. She body of her evidence as given before the royal commission. The "Notes on saved not only the health but the life Hospitals" are invaluable for clearof hundreds and thousands of soldiers ness of arrangement and minuteness at the price of the exposure of her own of detail and accuracy of statement health in the severe physical, mental, alike to the architect, the engineer, and and especially emotional strain to which she had voluntarily subjected

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE, THE ANGEL OF THE CRIMEA

the medical officer. The same year In 1871 and r873 she published still she published "Notes on Nursing," further works on "Lying-in Instituwhich became, even in households, the tions," "Midwives and Midwifery text-book for practical guidance. N urses," and "Life or Death in India."

When the Crimean War closed In Kinglake's remarkable history of there was a public sense of the in- the Crimean War, Miss Nightingale, debtedness not only of the British army and nation, but of the whole FLORENCENIGHTJ NGALE civilized world to Miss Nightingale, and a funcl was subscribed to enable whom he calls "Lady-in-Chief," reher to found an institution for train- ceived a remarkable tribute to her ing nurses, the interest of which fund princely character and remarkable amounted to about seven thousand achievements. Surviving by all these dollars per year. No separate institu- years nearly all of her Crimean contion was formed, but the money was temporaries, she has borne a fame used in the training of a superior order which none of them surpassed, if inof nurses in connection with Saint deed any of them has ever rivaled it. Thomas' and King's College hospitals. That war had the advantage of being Five years later, in 1863, was issued the report of the "Commission on the Sanitary Condition of the Army in India," which, with the evidence, fills two folio volumes of about one thousand pages each, the second being filled with reports from every station in India held by British or native troops. These reports were sent in manuscript to Miss Nightingale as to the most accomplished umpire in the world upon the subject-matter which they contained, and her observations upon this immense mass of evidence are inserted in the body of the report. Jn these observations facts are brought together, marshaled in such consummate order and armed with such incisive force of statement as to render them a sort of army of argument, invincible and inimitable, one of the most remarkable public papers ever produced, and fitted to open a new era in the government of India; for her views and observations covered not only the matter of sanitary reform in the British army, but also in the towns of India.

chronicled by one of the most engag- only a missionary in the highest sense ing historians of the century, and cele- to the sick and the wounded, but she brated in song by the most popular was a pioneer and a leader. She left poet of the period. It developed at the way open on the part of all that least three of the most splendidly might follow her to a success like to heroic warriors which war has pro- her own. Her work has been calmly duced in later days, and heroic deeds and judiciously pronounced epochal, which will never cease to appeal to the like that of Lister and Pasteur in admiration of the human race; but therapeutics. The subsequent achievethat great conflict was marked with ments wrought in the department of the most abominable horrors which military nursing and hygiene from can characterize warfare, with the those days on, and down to the sanimost disgraceful examples of incapac- tary commission in the American war, ity and blundering in administration, and, worse than all, by what has been and the remarkable feats of the Japacalled a sordid scoundre1ism which have greatly dimmed the luster of what nese surgeons and doctors in the late some have called "the glorious war," war with Russia, are to be traced to and the verdict of intelligent observers Florence Nightingale as their real and historians is that it was not any mother. soldier of Balaklava, or Alma, or Sebastopol that deserves to stand first Perhaps the greatest result of all in renown, but the humble chief nurse has been effected in providing the of Scutari. The work of Florence impetus in the direction of the rational, Nightingale during that war was like sanitary and scientific care of the sick the life of Daniel in Babylon-one in and wounded, and the work of which not even an enemy could find a Florence Nightingale at Scutari has fault. If it was exceptionally benev- permeated every hospital and sanaolent in motive, it was exceptionally torium in the civilized world. Thus effective in execution. She· was de- she who was Lady-in-Chief in connecvoted to her work as no Indian fakir tion with British military service at to his sacrifices. Yet she never de- the Golden Horn, has lent her service generated into a fanatic. and ministry by indirection to the stricken and suffering throughout the She ventured to antagonize former globe. Not only Christian nations but traditions and stubborn prejudices. heathen nations have felt its effects. In It has been well said of her that she the popular mind the name of Florence set herself to overthrow the fetish "It- Nightingale has been received with can't-be-done," and of the supersti- reverence. She has been the recipient tiously supposed inevitable. Her suc- of the highest official honors which a cess was beyond words, tho her task grateful government could bestow, but· was a stupendous one. She was not it has been impossible to decorate any woman whose inherent qualities were so sublimely ·noble.

OUTLOOK FOR MISSIONS IN

BY REV. CHARLES T. RIGGS, CONSTANTINOPLE, TURKEY The present situation in the Ottoman were left out. There exists an annual Empire is still so complicated that nominating convention in each city or great caution is necessary on the part district, where representatives chosen of Christian workers here, not only by the various communities nominate that they may take advantage of every members for the city council and for wide-open door (and there are many), the criminal court. But last year the but also that they may avoid mistaking Greeks, Armenians, Catholics and political energy for a moral awaken- Protestants were left out; and this ing, and thus be drawn into move- year, while the others were invited in ments really foreign to spiritual consequence of vigorous protests by growth. their respective patriarchs, the Prot- It is well to look the elements of estants were again left out. Such facts discouragement full in the face, that give rise to a lack of confidence in the we may better appreciate the really en- Government on the part of the people, couraging features by contrast. and mutterings of discontent are I. In Government circles there is a common.

discouraging inability to tackle the big 2. Among the Greek subjects of subjects which cry for settlement. Turkey there exists to-day, much more Parliament has been frittering away openly than under the bygone terror- its time on trifles, while the basic ism, what may be termed a treasonable problems await a solution. All depart- patriotism. A young Greek lawyer ments of government show a tendency told the writer recently that he had in the same direction. While taxes been offered a position as judge in a are more justly collected and more local court, but should decline to successfulIy administered, methods of serve. "If this were our country and increasing the sources of revenue do our government," said he, "it would be not receive adequate attention. While easy to accept." To this day the more is being expended for Govern- Greeks regard the Turks as intruding ment schools, adequate teachers are conquerors, and themselves as the not in evidence for those schools. rightful heirs of the Eastern Roman Another somewhat annoying policy of Empire; and they wait and work, not the present Government is the syste- for the strengthening of the Ottoman matic effort to obliterate special rights Empire, but for the restoration of and concessions obtained by the va- Greek power. This is vividly and most rious native communities under the correctly portrayed in a recent article old regime. This has apparently in the Outlook on "Pericles of Smyrn:: borne more heavily on the Protestants and New York." The missionary ha- than on any other class. Since they to deal with this treasonable feeling have no patriarch to represent them, among Ottoman subjects, of patriot- they are being ignored. The Depart- ism toward an idealized Greek empire.

ment of Education recently made a He must try to inculcate a true patriot- distribution of funds in aid to the ism that will build up, and not tear schools of the Moslem, Orthodox, down. Coupled with this is an intense Gregorian, Roman Catholic and Jew- egotistic jealousy of what they con- ish communities, but the Protestants sider Greek rights. Last year the

Greek Patriarchate published a how much rather should man be free, pamphlet entitled "Our Ecclesiastical in his method of life and in his be- Rights," containing extracts from liefs." In Ordou, one of these men -various treaties between Turkey and blatantly exhibited his contempt for Christian powers, relating to the religion by trampling on the New Tes- treatment of Christian subjects by tament in the presence of a bishop. Moslems, beginning with the agree- And yet this irreligious society has ment of the prophet Mohammed with tremendous influence among the young reference to the monks in Mt. Sinai. Armenians; and, tecause of its di- And the insistence on these "rights" visive tendency in that race, it is being to-day is as ever against the Bul- to some extent supported by the Gov- garians, in Macedonia, not in conjunc- ernment. The spread of its anti- tion with them. But, while the Greeks religious views constitutes a serious ought to be absolutely united in order problem which the missionary must to secure any rights or privileges they face. There are among the Ar- might demand, they are to-day divided menians two other secret societies, by a great split in the Holy Synod avowedly patriotic in purpose, but itself. For about two months the these three societies have split the Ar- patriarch refused to call the synod to- menian people into factions, and can gether or to be present at its sessions, not work in harmony. And among because of a personal quarrel with the the educated classes unbelief and Bishop of Chalcedon, whose right to a consequent carelessness are making seat in the synod he denies. And the alarming headway. solution of this deadlock is apparently only temporary. 4. Another element of discourage- ment to-day has reference to the en- 3. Among the Armenians, the most listment of non-Moslem conscripts in dangerous symptom of the day is in the army. This measure, so warmly the rise of the Tashnaktsoutioun, a advocated just after the revolution, is revolutionary society originating un- now being put in force, and has roused der the terrorism of Abdul Hamid, bitter feelings. It is unpopular with and now openly working for Armen- the mass of Turks, who vastly prefer ian liberty, not from the Turks so that Greeks, Armenians and Bulmuch as from all moral and ecclesias- garians shouk!, as formerly, receive no tical control. It is atheistic and military training, and should pay the nihilistic in tendency, and avowedly "bedel" or exemption tax instead, for socialistic to the extreme. Opposed the support of a purely Moslem army. to the Church, it has in some places From the region of Erzeroum there succeeded in getting Gregorian church came a petition to the central governbuildings under its control; and in at ment, a while ago, to the effect that the least one instance it has transformed Moslems there were perfectly willing the church into a theater, using the to serve in the army til! they were pulpit for a stage. In Trebizond, this eighty years old, if only the Christians society succeeded in eliminating from would be kept out of the ranks. This the program of the Armenian schools military service is likewise unpoular all religious teaching, on the ground with the Greeks, who went into it that "even dogs, mere dogs, are free; largely in order to help whip the Bul-

OUTLOOK FOR MISSIONS IN TURKEY

garians in Macedonia, and who, now son. A few weeks ago Dr. Riza that the recerlt visit of King Ferdinand Tewfik, one of the deputies from the to Constantinople has greatly aided capital, made an address in Parliament Turko-Bulgarian relations and ren- on religious freedom, which he could dered much more remote the possi- not have made six months earlier.

bility of war, are chafing under the The deputies were not ready to listen hardships of military discipline, and to such addresses then. This same Dr.

longing to stay by the farms and the Riza Tewfik, and Salih Zeki Bey, di- shops instead. It is also unpopular rector of the Imperial Observatory, with the Armenians, who at first were and others, have been holding a series most clamorous for admission to the of conferences or evening gatherings ranks; but when the enrolment be- at the American Mission House in gan, disappeare~l in large numbers, Gedik Pasha, a crowded quarter of fleeing to America to escape military Constantinople. These conferences service. It is also bringing into the are attended by both Moslems and evangelical churches for the first time Christians, the majority being Mos- the problem of enforced absence in the lems; and the subjects there discust army. The question has not yet been are such as to bring about a better un- settled whether teachers and preachers derstanding and mutual sympathy be- are exempt from service. If they are tween the various elements. There is called to the colors it wiII seriously in- also a systematic effort on the part of terfere with church work, for many influential Turks to spread a whole- teachers and a few preachers are some peaceful literature among the within the age-limit. naturally conservative or even reac- Encouragements tionary rural population, so as to in- struct them on the subject of constitu- Over against these discouraging tional government and the rights of features, however, there are many ele- all men.

ments of encouragement: I. In the 3. Night-schools are being estab- career of any new form of government lished at many points, and the poorer every day of peace is a distinct gain. classes given gratis the elements of an The fact that the government of education. It is refreshing to see Mehmed V has lasted nearly a year is porters and new·spaper venders and so much of a guarantee that it will peddlers poring over the primer; for last another year. With a tremendous it means the entrance of a ray of light.

weight of unintelligent opposition, and And this year the mission coneges no small danger of reactionary out- and high-schools have been much more break, with personal factions rising all peaceful, as the students have learned around, and serious differences of that liberty does not mean license, and opinion even within the dominant that respect for authority is at the Party of Union and Progress, the con- foundation of even a democracy.

tinuance of peace and quiet is de- 4. It is gratifying to note the estab- voutly gratifying. lishment by the Government of a ma- 2. Both the Government and the ternity hospital, where efficient care mass of Moslem populace are more is given free to those unable to pay ready than formerly to listen to rea- medical fees. This hospital has as its

head nurse a Protestant lady of good doing an increasingly valuable work, education; and the effect of such man- and must for a long time depend on agement is seen in the scrupulous neat- American funds for support and en- ness and the comfort of the place. dowment. But their distinctively There is here no distinction of race or . Christian purpose and their sound religion; but the spirit of Christian evangelical foundation need emphasis.

service pervades the institution. It would be fatal to yield to the popu- 5. An encouraging element of a lar demand in certain quarters for a very different sort is the starting of purely secular education. The fear of college periodicals by the faculties of the Lord is still the beginning of wis- several of the Christian colleges. dom. Moreover, while the actual These are mainly literary in character, preaching of the Word ought to be but the decidedly evangelical tone they and is being to a greater and greater take, and the real ability of the extent passed over to native hands, the editors, augurs well for their increas- training of a native ministry is a most ing usefulness. At a time when the important branch of missionary activ- daily press is not only unenterprising ity. The preparation of Christian but unreliable as well, and when there literature still depends to a great ex- are so many periodicals of very tent on foreign energy, tho able liter- mediocre ability, and of negative if not ary men are coming to the front actually vicious tendency, the appear- among the peoples of the land. A ance of such papers under educated purely native Christian literature, as Christian editorial care, and with only distinguished from translations, is es- moral support from Americans, is most sential to the attracting of the masses.

refreshing. But foreign missionaries have much to As for the future policy in Turkey do still in guiding and aiding in liter- of American missionaries, it would ary work. As for direct contact with seem wise to push those agencies Moslems, there is increasing opportu- which tend to exhibit the practical side nity for personal interviews, and in- of Christianity, rather than the merely calculable good may be done by thus theoretical, and which prove attractive following the footsteps of our Master.

to Moslems as well as Christians so Moslems in Turkey who accept Christ called. Medical work under deeply still do so at the peril of their lives; spiritual leadership is winning its way but in spite of the peril, the gospel as among Jews and Moslems, where di- lived and spoken by the Master's dis- rect preaching is well-nigh fruitless. ciples will win men because of the The higher educational institutions are winsomeness of the truth itself.

A PRAYER BY BISHOP PHILLIPS BROOKS o Lord, by all Thy dealings with us, whether of joy or pain, of light or darkness, let us be brought to Thee. Let us value no treatment of Thy grace simply because it gives us or denies what we want; but may all that Thou sendest us bring us to Thee, that knowing Thy perfectness, we may be sure in every disappointment that Thou art still loving us, and in every darkness that Thou art still enlightening us, and in every enforced idleness that Thou art still using us; yea, in every death that Thou art giving us life, as in His death Thou didst give life to Thy Son, our Savior, Jesus Christ. Amen."- PHILLIPS BROOKS.

YEARS AGO AND NOW IN MISSION

NEW CONDITIONS! NEW METHODS! NEW MEN!

BY REV. GEORGE F. HERRICK, D.D., CONSTANTINOPLE, TURKEY As to new men, they already occupy movement always less than to-day? the center of the stage. A few old Vastly more and more weighty mamen linger. But see J their faces are chinery for doing Christian work and turned toward the exit, and they are extending Christian influence has been moving that way. Welcome to the installed. New is writ large on these new men. The more of them the bet- appliances. Material science invades ter, provided they do not fail to esti- and claims control of the spiritual mate at its true value work already realm. The tendency is to cut loose done and make no break, create no from what is old, and everywhere to chasm, between the work of their inaugurate the new. predecessors and their own. No abler, no more wise and learned men, exist Is this exactly the law of growth in in Christendom to-day than those who what is alive? The little blade of have labored in the past, than were wheat, when it first pushes up out of found, c.g., in England and on the the ground looks very little like the continent of Europe in the seventeenth ripened ear bending from its stalk, but century. the vital identity is perfect. The babe, the child differs much from the man, But we need not pause on the ques- grown to full stature, but there has tion of men, new or old. The limita- been no break in the process of tions of human life settle that. growth. So the life of man, as a race, in this worId is, in an important sense, The two movements in the home a unit. The history of the race, notlands which have, in the latest years, withstanding apparent breaks, is a conmost encouraged old missionaries are tinuous history. Is not the history of the Student Volunteer Movement and the Christian Church, notwithstanding the noble movement which is enlisting the stagnation and the setbacks in its and uniting the laymen in the mis- life in the middle ages, an illustration sionary work of the Church. of the blade, the ear and the full corn ? Continuity rather than new and dis- New conditions of life and work are connected beginnings is the traceable always emerging, and either new order. methods or new adjustments of approved methods are demanded. This Our present purpose, however, is to is granted. "New conditions, new trace, if we may, continuity and methods," is a rallying cry of the many growth in contradistinction to breaks new organizations through which and new beginnings in the foreign Christian activity finds expression. missionary work of the Christian Many run to and fro. Knowledge is Church as undertaken and carried on increased. W orId conventions are the by evangelical Christendom during the order of the day. We have passed the last hundred years. age of steam, electricity rules the new day. A Generation Ago Yet even before the age of steam I. What conditions did missionaries human life was not stagnant, material going from the West to the East in wealth was not accumulated so rapidly the first half of the nineteenth cenas it is now. Was moral and spiritual tury have to face?

The world was closed and barred on the part of those who first heard against them. In wide areas in Africa, the words of life proclaimed 1 and even in Asia, it was an unknown (c) Schools were opened at the out- and undiscovered world. Nearly set of the work, but they were very everywhere, on land and sea, the rudimentary; pupils were few; the countrymen of the missionaries op- effort was wholly eleemosynary. Poor posed the emissaries of the gospel. work, was it not? So the world There was apathy in the home thought. Put yourself back there, at churches. There was no country in the middle of the nineteenth century, central and eastern Asia that mis- in India, on the coast of China, or off sionaries could enter beyond a very South or West Africa, or on a Pacific limited portion of a few coast cities. island-there was no Japan, no Korea, Ignorance, prejudice, gross darkness, no Uganda then-and you may meas- hostility or contempt for everything ure the heroic faith, the heroic man- Western, everywhere prevailed. To hood of those early missionaries. Do gain and retain ever so small a foot- you say, "Those men only tried to hold was the work of years. save one soul here and there out of the 2. What were the methods adopted perishing mass, while we are lifting up by the early missionaries? whole races of men ?" Yes, but who We must not forget that the aim, made it possible for you to work on the hope, the faith of those mission- these larger plans? Who even then aries, men like Schwartz, Morrison, saw their successors working out the Carey, Duff, Scudder, Coan, Bingham, large plans they formed while they Goodell, Perkins, Van Dyke and lived?

scores of others, were as broad, as Changed Conditions and Methods high, as all-embracing as that of the 3. The change in the attitude of foremost Christian workers of to-day. men everywhere toward missionary But a great work, in its beginning, is work is nothing less than a revolu- seldom spectacular. A hearing for the tionary change. The whole world is call of Christ to discipleship had first wide open. Missionaries have estab- to be gained. "Ears to hear," where lished themselves almost literally were they? everywhere. They are known of all.

(a) The silent voice of God's re- Governments recognize and often wel- vealed Word, put into the vernacular come them. They are personally of the people approached, was the first trusted. Their educational work, achievement. This work was to be through schools and the press, their prosecuted till all the races of mankind philanthropic work, medical, industrial had the Bible offered them in in- and charitable, is highly appreciatecl telligible form. Who can measure the by all in all lands. Hostile criticism magnitude of this task? of them and their work, even by (b) With the task of Bible transla- worldly men, has mainly ceased, or tion was joined the oral proclamation given place to friendly and intelligent of the gospel. How small the au- criticism, which missionaries are the diences at first! How crude the appre- first to invite and welcome.

hension of the message or of the ob- 4. Do not conditions so radically ject of the missionary in presenting it changed demand new methods? Un-

19IO] FIFTY YEARS AGO AND NOW IN MISSION WORK 75

doubtedly they do. The question is, the leading missionary societies. Even How do the methods of work re- where some pecuniary assistance is quired to-day stand related to those of given to young and feeble churches, the earlier years, and who are to apply the responsibility for the ordinances the required methods to the work in and the work of the Church is comhand? Are earlier methods of work mitted to the Church itself or to that to be thrown aside, like old and use- ecclesiastical native body with which less machinery, or do we trace a vital the church is connected. These connection between the old and the churches thus become self-supporting, new order? Much importance at- self-reliant, self-propagating. They taches to the nature of the changed inaugurate and sustain home if not conditions wrought, and of such foreign missionary work. The dechanges in methods of work as may velopment, the normal growth on 111i5still be required. sion fields, in this respect, within tile memory of the present writer has been Here we face, perhaps, with sur- marvelous, and is sure prophecy of prize, the most important fact of the more wonderful advance in the years situation. The change in both the to come. An effective native ministry conditions and the methods of foreign actually exists in all the older fields, missionary work shows neither a and it is rapidly increasing. break nor an irregular movement) but a normal development-evolution, if In educational work the growth the term is preferred-and this de- has been more phenomenally rapid. At velopment has taken place under the first the appetite for education had to guidance of missionaries of long ex- be created. It is not half a century plH'ience, SOme of them no longer since it was regarded in the East as living, others still on the field. And worse than superfluous to attempt to one can not fail to see that the change educate girls. AI! educational work in methods has, all along, closely cor- was perforce eleemosynary. What do responded to the change in conditions. we see now? Colleges for boys, col- In the older mission fields, in the early leges for girls. High-schools for both years, the little churches gathered con- sexes, all everywhere crowded to the sisted of persons poor and persecuted, doors, and applicants turned away for and boycotted. Native pastors or want of room. And these pupils pay preachers there were none. Every- for their board in the schools, and a thing depended on the missionary. A tuition fee also. hot-house plant is better than no plant at all, especially if it is transferred to A single illustration of this normal the open ground as early as possible. development, one with which the No man rejoices with so deep a joy as writer was closely connected, may well that of an old missionary at the very be briefly stated. early stage in the opening work in Uganda and in Korea, when the con- The theological seminary of the A. verts can be successfully thrown upon B. C. F. M. Mission to western their own resources. Turkey is located at Marsovan, in the province of Sivas. Up till thirty years But note the changes which have ago only those were received under intaken place in all principal missions of struction, even in the preparatory classes, who were candidates for en-

tering upon some line of distinctively have graduated from the college. The Christian service, and the institution latest ~catalog enrolls 265 pupils. It was on an eleemosynary basis. The has a modest endowment fund. Othermissionaries in charge, after anxious wise it is self-supporting. and careful consideration and· correspondence, and due authorization, de- This statement is given as an illuscided to meet the growing desire for tration of growth, in contradistinction education among the people by taking to breaks and new beginnings in misfrom the seminary all the prefatory sionary work. Of developments in instruction and offering to receive medical and industrial work we have into a high-school suitable candidates not space to write. for the same under no pledge for future service. The beginning of this Is it not well for us to remember new "evolution" in education was in through whose planning, whose labors, September, 1880, in a basement room whose seed-sowing, whose toil and of the seminary building, with six sweat and suffering, the possibility boys for whose board we took no re- emerged of ushering in the day of sponsibility, and who paid a small brighter promise and accelerated tuition fee. The school grew in num- progress which now greets us everybers and in favor very rapidly, far and where? near. It became Anatolia College in r882. Competent men were chosen The open door, the fields of yellow and prepared by study abroad to be- grain, the cry after material, intelcome heads of the several departments lectual and moral equality with the of instruction. The college draws its people of the West, the stupendous pupils from a very wide area, and its movement all through the Eastern influence, Christian and educational, is world, all and every part of it propreeminent in northern Asia Minor. claims the continuity of Christian Two hundred and forty young men work, from the first seed-sowing till this day of harvests so abundant that there is not strength to garner them. The present links the future to the past.

GOD'S CALL TO HIS CHURCH It must have been a surprize to the than anyone church could take, and Church of Antioch when they were said, "Separate me your two best men, told to separate Barnabas and Saul for Barnabas and Saul." There was no a foreign mission. They had five questioning that voice. So they fasted prophets and teachers in that city of and prayed and laid their hands on 250,000 inhabitants. All Syria and these two and sent them away-two- Palestine, with hundreds of towns and fifths of the whole corps of ministers. cities, needed the gospel, and they had Europe and America are what they are only five preachers in Antioch. They to-day, because that young man Paul were probably planning a grand home was obedient to the call of the Holy missionary campaign. Barnabas and Spirit, and the Holy Spirit has kept Saul had gone down to Jerusalem to on speaking to the Church ever since, carry the famine fund raised in An- "Separate me your sons and daughters tioch and had returned. It certainly -your choicest and best loved onesseemed a favorable time to work for Christ needs them-the world needs Syria and Palestine. But the Holy them."-H. H. JESSUP, D.D. Spirit took a wider and a broader view

BEKTASHI DERVISHES OF

THEODORE R. FAVILLE AND H. Y. HUSSEIN, CONSTANTINOPLE, TURKEY It is quite generally known that state of ecstasy. No sooner had this there are dervishes in the Orient to- philosophy become wide-spread than day, but little is known about them. some who were mystics but still in the To the average mind the word dervish Mohammedan faith originated the difsuggests a barbarous fanatic, a mystic ferent orders of dervishes. Since the conjurer, some wild, unkempt indi- idea of monastic life which the dervidual who spends his time thinking vishes have always practised is foreign things and doing things incompre- to Mohammedanism, they at first exhensible to the occidental mind. To the traveler the word stands for a A BEKTASHI TABLET member of a group who amused him or disgusted him, as the case may be, a This is symbolical inscription used in chape)s; by dancing or howling or self-laceration and other meaningless cere- it contains the name "Mohammedu at the top, and monies. Few have gone beyond this superficial conception of a movement reads, "Oh, Ali, Have Mercy." Symmetry is prothe relation of which to Mohammedanism may be compared to that of duced by a repetition of the Anbic characters fe· Protestantism to Christianity. versed. The battle·axes form part of the decora- The fundamental idea of the dervish sects is an ancient one. When neo- tive effect. They symbolize the warfare against Platonism was carried to Egypt by the Greeks in the first century, it in- unbelievers. The crown is one of renunciation 'of troduced there the philosophical idea of reaching the highest good-i.e., sins. Below is a representation of the "stone of God-through ecstacy. This philosophy soon spread through Syria to hunger," which dervishes wear to signify .absti- Persia, where it seemed to be particularly adapted to the mental traits of nence from food. • many thinkers. Then, in the seventh century A.D., came Mohammed, intro- isted secretly, fearing persecution. ducing a new religion. But altho the Thus the mystery connected with them Persians were converted to Moham- arose. There is nothing essentially medanism outwardly, they kept their secretor mysterious in the system. older philosophy, forming secret societies for its preservation. A century There are many orders of Mohamor two after the founding of Moham- med311 dervishes. They are scattered medanism this pure mysticism, or not only over the Turkish Empire, but sufiism, became more openly known, through India, Persia, Egypt and and began to spread stilI more widely wherever Mohammedanism has perin Persia. The basic belief of this system is that the soul is an 'emanation from God, and that it strives continually ·£or reabsorption in Him. The means· of obtaining this is through a

meated. Perhaps most of them are Mohammed had made his teachings unworthy serious attention from the ~eneral, for all men, for society as a westerner. They have gone through whole. When Ali took up the work somewhat the same development that he developed the individualistic side of Christian monasticism did in the mid- the new religion. He tried to adapt dle ages; but they are largely com- and apply Mohammed's teachings to posed of ignorant men, and where they the person, rather than to the whole have not died out or been supprest society, by explaining these printhey have developed into sects living ciples in a different way. Whereas on the bounty of their followers and Mohammed had laid emphasis on the going through fantastic or degrading external form, Ali sought for and ceremonies from week to week, but found an inner meaning, an esoteric having no wide-spread or uplifting in- side. Thus a step forward was taken. fluence. The dervishes in India, espe- When, however, in the seventh cencially, have not carried their ideas far tury hereditary caliphates, such as the nor made them practical. But there is Omniades and the Abbasides, were esat least one order of an entirely differ- tablished on the principles of an absoent sort, which has done a definite lute monarchy, a clergy was formed work in the empire of the Turks, and which, somewhat like the Christian whose days of usefulness are not Papacy in former times, adapted reended. This is the order of Bek- ligion to the best interests of absotashi. The Bektashi are not so pop- lutism. Consequently, Mohammedanularly known among foreigners as, ism as the state religion lost the simfor instance, the Mevlevi (the dancing plicity and freedom of ideas which it dervishes) or the Rufiii (the howling had before possest under Mohammed, dervishes), for the simple reason that Ali, and their successors. Naturally, they have no sensational or pictur- certain persons desired to maintain esque forms of worship, festivals or Mohammedanism as it had been in the organization; but they are the most beginning. Such free-thinkers flourenlightened, advanced and influential ished best in secluded corners out of order of dervishes in the Sultan's do- reach of the caliphate. Such a place minions. was Khorassan district, where, as would be expected, therefore, these This sect, which is one of the oldest doctrines rapidly spread. orders, is named after its founder, Hajji Bektash, a direct descendant of One of the direct descendants of Mohammed. Hajji Bektash was born Mohammed, seven generations Iater, 1248 A.D., in the province of Khoras- was Ali Rizah. This man was exiled san, Persia, near the city Nishapur, to Khorassan with the title of govin the village of Bektash, from which ernor, and later treacherously poisoned he in turn took his name. He, how- by the agents of the Abbaside caliph ever, did not originate the doctrines Mehmoun. He formulated this new of his sect but received them from his philosophy definitely, the esoteric side teachers. These doctrines had been of Mohammed's teachings influenced handed down from the time of Ali, the by the mysticism referred to above son-in-law of Mohammed and the as traceable back to neo-Platonism. fourth caliph. This was passed on to his disciples,

BEKTASHI DERVISHES OF TURKEY

who in turn handed it down from gen- went through the ceremony of being eration to generation; under continued girded with a sword at the hand of persecution by the caliphate, how- Hajji Bektash. ever, now that it had developed definitely, away from the orthodox state It may be mentioned here that for religion. Among the more famous many centuries after this event the of these disciples of Ali Rizah were Bektashi were closely connected with Maharoof Kurhi and Ali Bin Yakti. the Janissaries. Certain of the der- Thus the philosophy was received in vishes were constantly at prayer for due time by Hajji Bektash, mentioned the soldiers, and the head of the derabove as the founeler of the Bektashi vishes was ex officio an officer in the sect. new army. When the Janissaries re- At the beginning of the fourteenth century, when the Ottoman dynasty belled and were disbanded in I826, had been newly formed and had not the dervishes lost their political inyet instituted a clergy, Hajji Bektash fluence and royal favor. Many of found the moment opportune for them were killed and much of their spreading his order, a movement property was seized. which had been impossible under the previous persecution. He went to During the last ten years of his life Asia Minor, and after traveling about Hajji Bektash sent forth to different the country for some time, at last set- parts of the country about ten of his tled in a village then called Saludja disciples, that they might open meet- Kara Cuyuk, now called Hajji Bektash ing-houses and teach his doctrines village, near Kirshehir. There, after wherever they should settle. Before working and struggling for thirty-six his death he appointed his adopted son years, he finally succeeded in forming Murcel to his place. When Hajji a society which was to play an Im- Bektash died, at over ninety years of portant part in the history of the age, he had won the respect and love country. of all classes of men. His last words were a supplication to God to increase Moreover, he became a promi- the number of those who would denent man in the years of his suc- liver men from the darkness of ignocess. As the Ottoman Empire was a rance and superstition. new dynasty, eager to gain favor and to increase in power, the second Sul- To understand the significance of tan, Orkhan, hearing of the work of the teachings and philosophy of this this new teacher, treated Bektash with reform movement in Mohammedangreat favor. He visited him at his ism, it is necessary to look at it in its home and asked him to give his bless- relation to the original religion. It ing on the dynasty and on the newly- has already been suggested that the difference between the two is mainly formed standing army, the Janis- in the interpretation of what Mo- hammed said. Bektash believed, as saries. did his predecessors from Ali down, This he did, giving them their that the esoteric allegorical interpreta- tion was the correct one. We have not name, "Yenicherie" (New Soldiers), space here to go into the teachings of and their standard. a white crescent on Mohammed and the Koran, but. will a red ground. Finally, the Sultan ·mention the explanation of some of

them which gave the basis for the new gave personal liberty, did not expect sect, first touching on the more prac- nor wish the formation of any clergy tical side and later taking up the or church within his religion, and in- philosophical belief and the deduc- tended to preclude all possibility of tions from it. First of all, Bektash be- clerical privileges. The clergy are lieved that the Koran was not brought considered by the Bektashi the origin down from heaven by angels to of evils in all religions. Religion must Mohammed, but was a revelation. never be under a clergy with a monop- Revelation must never be taken liter- oly of salvation. Mohammed en- ally. Moreover, revelation, which is couraged learning and discoun- the source of true knowledge, may tenanced ignorance. He gave back come to anyone. Thus man educates to women the social and religious himself under the direction of a su- privileges that they had been deprived preme intelligence. of for many ages in the East. He pro- According to Hajji Bektash, Mo- claimed, in fact, absolute equality, hammed taught that God's being was only distinguishing between the igno- the beginning of everything. He is rant and the learned. He gave to the one to be worshiped. God is his followers a code of personal, social merciful unto all mankind. Yet he and political laws.

is just, rewarding those who do right, The universe is the manifestation of and punishing wrong-doers unless they eternal wisdom. Man is the highest repent. For man is a free being being in the universe if he can only having the power to choose. The know himself. Think of good things; common interpretation of the Koran say that which is good; and, above all, on this point has been a fatalistic one. do good, no matter for whose sake it But Mohammed did not mean, say the may be. This is true worship. Wor- Bektashi, that a man is bound by what ship God. For man to worship the has been written on tablets in heaven, Supreme Being, or power, is a neces- and that he can only carry out in life sity. By worship he expresses his what was decreed for him before birth. gratitude to God. But there is no On the contrary, he is born free and necessary special form of worship, is always free to act, except as he is whatever, such as praying five times a stopt by natural laws that are un- day in a particular manner. Neither cha~geable. On the strength of this does man need any go-between, such interpretation the sect claims liberty as priest or saint, in offering his of conscience and of action. They prayers to God. He may himself ask therefore encourage man from the day for what he wants. As will be seen of birth to the day of death, and urge later, prayer is not to a God who is him not to interpret his religious separate from man and the universe, teaching as saying that no matter what but to the God who is in man's heart.

he does, if God has written on the Besides worshiping God and submit- tablets that he will not be great, then ting to Him, man must love his fel- he can not be great. lows and obey the laws, thus abstain- Hajji Bektash believed that Mo- ing from all injury to mankind. He hammed taught the brotherhood of all must have fortitude and be content who belong to his religion; that he- with his allotment in life. Finally;

19IOl THE BEKTASHI DERVISHES OF TURKEY

let him study virtue and its applica- in the way man is, but is a pure being, tion; above all, having ever a clean ntterly free. The whole universe i~ heart. united in this one power, which is the beginning of all. This power at its It will be seen that tho Hajji Bek- beginning-i.e., when it was not yet tash was a Moslem and his teachings formed into shapes-was not an inwere in general in accordance with telligent power, but a blind inclinathat religion, yet many of Christ's tion, having simply the desire to apdoctrines were incorporated in them. pear in different forms of growth. In fact, Hajji Bektash never thought Thus the power developed itself into lightly of Christianity, but, on the con- the universe which it comprehends. trary, tried to make his teachings so The whole universe is one in its esgeneral that they would include all sence, or beginning-its body, as it that was good in Christianity, or, for were. There are different manifestathat matter, in any other religion. In tions of this power, as the mineral, carrying out this idea he introduced plant and animal realms. At first the some things belonging to Christianity. power had no meaning. Intelligence Altho not the custom in Mohamme- came by the formation of these difdanism, Hajji Bektash himself led a ferent substances, and reached its persingle life, like Christ. Furthermore, fection in man, where it best hears and his sect is divided into two groups or sees and feels and thinks. Thus there classes; one, of those who take an is an evolution. It is as if a mass of oath of celibacy, the other, of married ink, meaningless in itself, should by men. Upon joining the sect men may some inward impulse spread itself into choose to which branch they will be- letters, which should then form words, long. In giving women back their and these sentences; thus developing rights, as before mentioned, he al- from senselessness in its beginning to lowed them to go unveiled like Chris- intelligence. tian women. He adopted Christ's moral teachings, especially those of Soul, also, is one of the manifestapure love. He looked upon Chris- tions of this power, like the air. And tianity as a true religion, and Christ these other forms-minerals, animal, as a true prophet, but did not accept plant-take in this soul as we take the the doctrine of the Trinity. air into our lungs. As the air remains in us for a few seconds, then goes out The more purely philosophical doc- to unite again with the rest, so does trines of the Bektashi are as follows: the soul in all things. For everything The essence of their philosophy is breathes in the same soul, but in difunity, and this unity is God. This, in ferent proportions. The soul enters some sense, means pantheism, but it is each thing as much as is required and not the pantheism of Spinoza or other acts as is necessary. It is controlled European philosophers. It is not God by the material form of the object in everything, but God is everything. which it enters. In a plant it works in Everything exists by God, nothing can the way suitable for plant life, and in exist without Him. Because of His man as man has need. The difference, unity God does not resemble anything then, that exists between men is not conceivable. He is not a part of any- due to their having different kinds of thing, nor mixed with anything else.

souls, but to the fact that when born in paradise, that ought not to be taken they have different material perfec- literally. These were all means to tions, imperfections and restrictions, their end. Often, also, they have and the soul must act accordingly. commanded men to do this or that For instance, the deaf man's soul does thing because it was necessary or ad- not hear, not because the soul is deaf, vantageous, for some reason at that but because the way through which it time or place. Every man should be could hear is incomplete or ob- given the kind of instruction that will strllctecl. The same reasoning may be be of most value to him in his par- applied in the mental and moral as ticular condition. All can not eat the well as in the physical realm. The same food. Just so there can not be physical form is mortal. When it gets one education for all. Leaders must old and begins to decay, the soul leaves study the individual and give him it, unites with the whole soul, and the what is best suited to him.

body is given back to the different As men have been created with dif- elements. ferent ways in which the soul can The idea of man's soul being re- work, they have different ideas on stricted only by the imperfections of various subjects. So long as what his body explains the greatness of they do is right and beneficial to other the prophets. The Jewish prophets, men, it is the aim of the Bektashi not Christ, Mohammed, are men who were to persecute them. If, for example, a born with more perfect material means man believes Christ to be divine, and for the soul, bodies in which it could that through Him he will be saved, he work better. Being thus fortunate, has a right to his opinion and is not they ought to be respected and loved to be persecuted, but rather taken as by all men. The Bektashi include a brother. It is the goal that counts; among these prophets, as do Moham- so long as the means is not injurious medans, all the early ones of Jewish to society let there be perfect liberty.

history beginning with Adam and If you want to whirl or howl as a taking in Moses and David, then means of worship, well and good. If Christ and Mohammed. In Mo- you want to use simple prayer you are hammed all the ideas of previous equally free to do so. The Bektashi prophets were put together, not in the use no regular forms of worship, tho outward form which the ordinary Mo- they favor meditation. They adopt hammedan accepts, but in the esoteric Mohammed's saying that "One hour meaning taught by Ali and his fol- of meditation on the greatness of God lowers. The aims of all these prophets and His works is better than seventy have been the same, altho they have years of prayer." Once or twice taken different means. The first aim Hajji Bektash employed the means is to teach people the true God; the of shutting himself in his closet away second, to teach men's duty toward from the world in meditation for forty one another in society. True, different days. This has been used a few times prophets have advocated different since his day as a means to the end, forms of worship. Moreover, some- but is not a necessary practise.

times they have taught doctrines, like The Bektashi, then, accept all re- eternal punishment in hell, or reward ligions as different ways in which the

BEKTASHI DERVISHES OF TURKEY

soul works. Since all men are not ment. People are accepted to the orborn alike, these different ways must der on recommendation of others who exist. Thus there is nothing to pre- belong to it. But for those born in a vent a man who belongs to any re- family of the sect there is no need of ligion from being also a Bektashi so recommendation. Not only are there far as the Bektashi are concerned. whole families, but in Asia Minor But since all religion is good, no mat- there are whole villages which are ter what form it takes, a religion must members of the sect. In all it numnever be mingled with superstition, bers over a million and a half people. persecution or bloodshed, which are not good. They are a sociable and peaceful people, on good terms with all. Their These are, in fragmentary form, the conception of life is in general higher philosophical and religious teachings than that. of other inhabitants of the of Hajji Bektash and his followers. empire. They very rarely refer their As it apt to happen in any system of cases of dispute to the courts; when belief entrusted to the people, and they do, it is usually a case between especially as a natural result of the O:1e of the sect and an outsider. Cases wonderful ignorance of the Turkish among themselves are settled by their nation, some things foreign to these sheik. Recently an official was sent doctrines have been introduced into by the Turkish Government to inthe sect and others which belong to spect the Albanian provinces. In his them have been neglected or abused. report to the government, he said that These need not be discust here. the number of crimes committed in localities where the Bektashi were in There are at present over three the majority was far less than in other hundred meeting-houses scattered sections. Yet in spite of this, and throughout the empire, most of them altho this sect does not mix in any being in Asia Minor and Albania. political affairs and never has cared These are called tekkes, or asylums. to take part in such matters, it has A father, or sheik, is at the head of always been persecuted by the orthoeach tekke. All are under the chief dox Mohammedan clergy, and often father who lives at Hajji Bektash vil- by the Government. It to-day exists lage in the tekke of the founder of the under persecution and constant, close order. These tekkes are supported by surveillance. the community, but not by the govern- OUR CONVENIENCE Would God we could lose sight for a time of missionary organizations and every human agency, and could get one clear vision of Jesus Christ; then the whole problem of missionary finance and missionary workers would be settled. I do not ask you to pity the heathen, for pity is often a weak thing that spends itsel f in tears, and then forgets the object of it. But I do ask you, with all my heart, simply to treat Jesus Christ right. I submit to you the question: "Is it right to receive the eternal life from those scarred nands, and then give Him only the spare change we happen to have left after we have supplied ourselves with luxuries? Is it right to receive heaven at the price which He paid and then give Him the odds and ends, the convenient service, the things that cost us little or nothing? The crumbs that fall from your laden table are not enough; they will not do to meet the need of the world that gropes in its ignorance, in its blindness, without God. You have no right to crucify the Lord J eSUf Christ afresh upon the cross of your conveniettce."-WILLIS R. HOTCHKISS.

RUINS OF THE CHINA INLAND MISSION PREMISES

t THE NEW CHINESE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE AT CHANGSHA.. HUNAN CHINA-REACTIONARY VS. PROGRESSIVE

A VIEW OF THE CITY OF CHANGSHAJ

THE CHANGSHA RIOTS-BEFORE AND AFTER BY .MISS ISABELLA A. ROBSON, CHANGSHA, CHINA Missionary of the China Inland Mission A riot may indicate conditions, na- opened-the province whose attitude tionally, provincially or locally. It is to the foreigner has been exprest in the voice of the people which ex- the saying: "As Lhasa to Tibet, so presses the hitherto unheeded griev- Hunan to China." The recent exance, real or imaginary. It is a cul- periences of missionaries show that mination which probably more truly this spirit of opposition to foreigners registers the thought and feeling ther- has not died. mometer of those in high places, and even in authority, rather than the same The city of Changsha, which in thermometer of the masses. The re- 1854 earned the title, "The City of the cent Changsha riots constitute a pecu- Iron Gates," has been described as liar blending of the two. "handsome, clean and densely popu- lated." She abounds in fine privata Beautiful Hunan, of which Chang- residences and in well-kept memorial sha is the capital, is one of China's halls and temples. The city is beaufamous provinces. The long and per- tifully situated on the banks of the sistent resistance against the settle- Siang River. Geographically, Changment of Europeans, merchant or mis- sha is in Central China, and about onesionary, brought the province into third of the distance from Hankow prominence. None have had cause to southward to Canton. More than two feel this resistance more keenly than miles of a foundation has been laid the missionary. The history of the for a bund, or promenade, on the efforts of men whom God used to bank of the river; a Chinese electric "prepare the way," and the work of light company has been formed to furthose whom He al10wed to gain the nish light for the city; the embankfoothold, throbs with interest, and is ment for a railway between Changsha the key to the fact that there are to- and Chuchow is rapidly nearing comday some fourteen societies laboring pletion, and will mean connection bein this last province of China to be tween the Pingsiang colliery and the

capital. A recently published trade Since the entrance of missionaries report states that there are eighty- into Changsha, God has signally blest eight British subjects in Changsha, the work of His servants. Dr. Frank eighty-four Japanese subjects, and A. Keller, of the China Inland Miseleven Japanese firms. Another sig- sion, who came in 1901, was the first nificant sentence in this same report is missionary to reside in Changsha, but the foundations were laid largely through the labors of Mr. B. Alexan- der, of the Christian Alliance Mis- SlOn.

The Caulel of the Riota SKETCH :MAP OF CHANGSHA, HUNAN Among those whose hearts and minds have been occupied with mat- (Not to scal.) ters Chinese, were there any who did not watch with apprehension when A American Church. J Yale College. the official announcement was made of B Governor's Yarnen. K Cameron's Orphanage. the death of the Dowager-Empress C Alliance Mission. L Telegraph Office. and Emperor? It was with breathless D Treasurer's Yamen. M Norwegtan Hospital. anticipation that both the missionary E Public Granaries. N Post·Office. and political world gazed toward F Wesleyan Mission. 0 C. I. M. Hospital. Peking. To all appearances, and con- G Evangelical Church. P China Inland Mission. trary to expectation, the governmental H Government Bank. R Norwegian Mission. machinery went noiselessly on, as a I YaleHospital. T Japanese Consulate. new reign began. But the attitude of suspense is still maintained as we Hankow lies N.N.E. of Changsha; Canton due glance over the events of the past months. south. Changsha is about one·third of the distance from Hankow to Canton. Some of China's best men have re- Jardine's Hulk and the Standard on Co.'. Depot cently passed away; men whose exlies opposite F in the sketch, the latter between perience, judgment and ability added stability to the central power. Two the city wall and the river. others have been dismissed, and have Butterfield's Hulk and the Custom House are in apparently sunk into obscurity. This leaves the government of China, with a similar position opposite the large island. all its complications, most' pitifully shorn of a goodly percentage of the the following: "The leading gentry little strength which she possest. of Hunan are watching the export Hence, when the waters become turbutrade with jealous eyes." Changsha lent, as they have at Changsha, thtl became an open port under the China- hand which is stretched forth from Japan commercial treaty of 1903, and the seat of power fails through its in~ in July, 1904, a custom-house was in- experience and crippled condition to firmly grasp the rudder of state. augurate<!, and ~ British consulate in This state of affairs at the capital f90S· has a most baneful effect upon the viceroys and s-ovemors of the various

CHANGSHA RIOTS-BEFORE AND

provinces. Therefore, linked with the was the awful lack of rice, the maincause-weakness of government-we stay of the Chinese. This is shown tragically in the following incident. – ~ /!~ The husband of a poor family in ./' the city, that were starving, made up ~T IL (-r-::, ~-J his. mind to go outside to find work. / On the morning of the 12th of April 1 – I ~ he went out, and on the following day -::V ~ / returned home to find his wif~ dead from starvation. He took his two A RIOT INSCRIPTION children, threw them into the river and drowned himself. By this time a This was pasted on the wall of the C. I. M. crowd had gathered, and later, the property. It reads" "This entire building positively grandfather and grandmother bemust be broken to pieces:' gan to blame the Chinese officials for find another, which might be terr:ned DR. KELLER AT THE MAIN ENTRANCE OF THE CHINA the independence and callousness ex- INLAND MISSION, CHANGSHA" AFTER THE RIOTS hibited by men, who, from the Chinese aspect, stand as the "father and not assisting the poor, and for not brother" of their people. reducing the price of rice. The offi- cials refused to reduce the price and Fond of the delicate living which a made such unfeeling remarks as, "A gold-lined purse affords, these officials hundred cash an ounce for opium is seek to maintain this gold lining not too dear; a hundred cash a cup through unjust and exorbitant taxation in their jurisdiction.

The personnel of the gentry, which has red-lettered the history of Changsha since the days of the Tai Ping rebellion, is another reason for the Changsha riot. Their agitation regarding the recent railway loan, and their fresh remembrance of the circumstances which clothed the first financing of the Canton-Hankow line; the marked hatred which they and others hold toward the Manchu dynasty, together with their actions generally throughout the disturbances, proclaim the fact that the riot, while immediately caused by shortage of rice, was also strongly anti-dynastic, as well as anti-foreign, if not antimissionary.

The immediate cause of the uprising

for a drink of tea is not too dear. of the foremost of the Changsha gen- Why grumble at less than one hun- try!" The looting by the mob was dred cash for a sheng (less than a entirely different on the first night quart) of rice?" from that on the two following days Added to the refusal to open the and nights. After the first attacks, public granaries was the unwarranted rented property was treated in one way arrest and imprisonment of those as- and purchased property in another, the sembled for petition and discussion. rented buildings being looted and not This so incensed the people that they destroyed, but purchased property attacked the official outside the south being entirely wrecked. Eight pieces gate, where they had gathered. The of property occupied by foreigners es- mob then entered the city, gathering caped the riot and seven of the eight as they went .other malcontents in were rented places!

their train. They went to the gov- We may perhaps better understand ernor's Yamen, and proceeded to this distinction made between property damage it in their efforts to obtain rented and purchased by foreigners audience with His Excellency. Altho when the following is quoted: "We they destroyed the front of the Yamen, note that the Provincial Assem- they were not successful in gaining. bly has gone to the extreme of of- access to the governor. This was on ficially advertising in the daily press the evening of Wednesday, April 13. a warning to land- or house-holders On Thursday another attempt was not to sell to foreigners. They even made which began an almost unprece- particularized the neighborhood in dented work of destruction of prop- which the officials propose to make erty. Over forty buildings were the settlement as being one in whieh either partially or wholly ruined and there are to be no such sales. The thoroughly looted. Of these, only Changsha magistrate has been using three were a direct result of the price a special block for endorsi1)-g ordinary riot. When the mob failed in its sec- deeds of sale between Chinese and ond attempt to gain an entrance into Chinese. This states that if the land the governor's Yamen, it is reported mentioned in the deed be hereafter that some one said if one or two Pi:., sold to foreign merchants or missionthe foreigners could be killed the f6f~ aries, the deed thereby becomes null eign powers would take up the mat- and the land ipso facto reverts to the ter, and the governor's life would be previous owner. Where the purchased forfeited. Therefore, they at~ed property of the foreigner was not the property of three different mis- burned, it was due to the intercession sions-the Yale Mission, the C. I. M. of the neighbors whose property and the Wesleyan. A close examina- would have been endangered."

tion of the scenes of devastation gives There was also a differentiation in strong presumptive evidence that, the treatment of property in which the after this first day, the rioting was or- Changsha gentry had a monetary in- ganized, and it is believed that the real terest and that in which they had leaders are known to the officials. One none. The most marked discrimina- Chinese paper says: "Among them tion was on the river front. Above was the son of a Hanlin scholar, one the burned custom-house lie the

CHANGSHA RIOTS-B!:FOlil.E AND

burned godown and pontoon of reason. There can be but one concitl- Messrs. Butterfield & Swire. Then sion-the Changsha riots, ·whether or comes the looted. offices of Messrs. not they began spontaneously, were Arnhold, Karhberg & Co. (rented guided in their course by leaders property). A little higher up comes whose anti-foreign hatred was intense, the untouched offices, godown and and whose partiality and respect to pontoon of the Japanese Steamer the opinions and investments of the THE LEADING OFFICIALS IN CHANGSHA, AT THE TIME OF THE RIOTS The late Governor ' EK-Taotai The Interpreter CHU YEN HSI KWOH LIANG CHUAN Company. All other Japanese prop- Changsha gentry were marked. One erty (including the consulate) was writer says: "The question may be looted. How is it that this, their best asked, Does the Grand Council of Reand most prominent property, was un- gency, as well as the provincial offitouched? The Changsha "gentry" cials of Hunan, stand in awe of the have financial interest in the Japanese gentry of Changsha?" line of steamers, This may not have been known to the mob, but it must Changsha has been freed from the have been known to the real leaders. governor whom the "gentry did not There are other cases, such as the like and a new one has been insta1led. smelting works, where this discrimina- The large stock of oil kept at the tion wa,s demonstrated for the same Asiatic Oil Company's stores was not burned in loco, but was used to kindle

the flames at nearly twenty different of one thousand dollars for the apprecenters. The property looted and de- hension of anyone found posting stroyed included the Government of- these lawless placards, and five hunficials' offices, the modern school, for- dred dollars for information leading eign missions and foreign business to such apprehension. premises. Result. of the Riot. Some of the neighboring officials had received anonymous warnings of It is too early to discovered the full DR. 'RANK A. KELLAR IN HIS STUDY AFTER TItR J.lO TS riots to take place in May, but in all results of these disturbances. One reprobability the scarcity of rice pre- sult seems to be impetus which the cipitated the trouble before things action of Changsha has given to those were thoroughly organized. Even similarly minded in other parts of the since the riots numerous placards have empire. If the Hunanese, who stand appeared throughout the city of an so high both in military and civil life, anti-dynastic and anti-foreign charac- and who hold so commanding a positer. In these placards, the officials are tion among their own people, as well spoken of as "dog officials," .and as in the eyes of the Western world, if starving refugees are offered ten taels they dared to destroy property thus, a month if they will enlist in the regi- why should not others follow their' m~nts of the new dynasty. The new example? The action of the Hunangovernor, however, is 'Showing . a ese has been productive of unrest, not strong hand, and has offered a reward only in one province, but in many.

THE CHANGSHA RIOTS-BEFORE AND AFTER

While unrest and a revolutionary Paul's words to Timothy still stand spirit has been manifested, it is also out as a reminder to the Church of true that the more conscientious of- God and His intercessory missionaries ficials have, by this experience, been in the home lands, "I exhort, thereput upon their guard. This was fore, that, first of all, supplications, notably set forth by the precautions prayers, intercessions and giving of taken by the authorities prior to the thanks, be made for all men, for opening of the Nanking Exhibition. kings and for all that are in author- ity." Hidden within the ministry of The havoc wrought by the mob intercession does there not rest a law upon such educational centers as the which, if obeyed, will thwart the. dekindergarten and normal schools and vices of the prince of darkness? The the extraordinary behavior of the for- intercessor may be far removed from eign drilled troops proved the unsub- the scene of the plot, but he is near to stantial nature of "New China." the heart of God and may know His Place beside this fact another, that of mind. the atrocious punishment meted out in a veritable "Old China" manner to God's wonderful power of interventhe supposed instigators of the riot, tion on behalf of His own and the and the result may be a better under- work entrusted to their care is beaustanding of Chinese on the part of tifully illustrated through these recent many in the home lands. troubles. He caused the rice riot to take place one month sooner than the Le••ons from tbe Rjots attack planned and spared the life of His missionary servants, and did not Several lessons might be drawn from the Changsha disturbances.

THE RUINS OF THl!: NORMAL SCHOOL AFTBR THX RIOTS

permit a cessation of the work at the months. What would be the effect of mission centers. passing through troubles such as Changsha Christians have exper- Those who since the riots have had ienced? the privilege of meeting some of the Changsha friends, testify to the won- What effect will this have upon the derful grace given and the Christlike missionary propaganda? There is spirit manifested by those who have only One who can answer the quessuffered the loss of all things. They tion of our hearts, and time alone rejoice to be counted worthy of this will reveal His plan for the Church honor. in China. Concerning Hunan and Changsha-the door is still open. The God's work has not ceased in recent experiences prove the depth of Changsha. The first five days after her unspeakable need of the gospel the trouble it was necessary for the of Jesus Christ. The revelation of missionaries who were permitted to China's condition emphasizes the truth remain at Changsha to live on a that nothing but a personal knowledge steamer, but Chinese evangelists, of the saving and keeping power of church officers, and many Chinese God in Christ Jesus will right the Christians visited them daily for wrongs or enable the Chinese to enprayer and conference. In this way dure. Nothing but the knowledge of the work was directed, and on the God as revealed through His Son will Sunday following the riot the evan- establish the nation in righteousness gelists of at least five missions held and carry her through any crisis. meetings in their own homes. One Christian teacher took his school chil- To-day is the day of opportunity. dren to his own home and continued God desires to be known and glorified teaching them. in China. Shall we enter into the open door as never before in the way The members of the Church in the of the Master's own appointment, achome land may learn a lesson from knowledging this chapter in Hunan's these workers in Changsha! In some history to be a call to press on and of our cities, churches, Sunday-schools to prepare for our Lord's return? Toand prayer-meetings close merely be- day is the day of salvation. cause of the heat in the summer THE VALUE OF PRAYER "Your prayers are almost everything to us. Often the mails are delayed, and we may be weeks letterless, as in many another land they are months; but the prayers come via heaven, and God forwards the answers straight on to us. Dear friends, will you not send us ever so many prayer telegrams? Pray for us whenever you think of us, turning thought into .prayer, and know that not one ever 'miscarries.' Nor will the answer come too late."-A Missionary in lapan.

INLAND MlSSlONAR1ES TAKI NG REFUGE ON A

HUNAN AND THE CHANGSHA RIOTS * The province of Hunan is in area anti-foreign territory. Repeated and nearly equal to England and Wales persistent journeys were made combined and has a population of throughout the province by various 22,000,000, or equal to that of Spain members of the C. 1. M., especially by and Portugal together. It is one of Mr. Adam Dorward, who devoted the most beautiful provinces of China practically the whole of the eight years and is rich in timber, tea, rice and from 1880, until the time of his other produce. Its people, who are death, in October, 1888, to this one among the most sturdy and inde- work. Twice he succeeded in renting pendent of the empire, have always premises, but on each occasion was been noted for their ability, and, more turned out after running considerable latterly, for their pride and contempt danger to his life. of foreigners. It was not until 1897 that the first Hunan was the last province to be settlement was made in the east of the opened to the preaching of the gospel, province by Miss Jacobsen, with the and the bitterest opposition and most help of two Chinese Christians, who blasphemous literature have issued had come from Pastor Hsi's district to from this center. The first effort to assist. In 1901, Dr. Keller, with the evangelize the province was made by valuable cooperation of the late evanthe Rev. Josiah Cox, of the Wesleyan gelist Li, rented premises in Changsha, Missionary Society, who, in May, the capital of the province. Invaluable 1863, made a short journey into assistance had been given to the open- Hunan. Nothing more, however, was ing of this city by Mr. Alexander, of done by the WesJeyans for thirty the Christian Alliance Mission, who years. In 1875 the China Inland Mis- had lived for a year on a boat outside sion commenced itinerant work in this the city, daily entering to preach the • From a booklet published by the China Inland Mission.

7'70 'tal!: MISstONARY lm.vmw OF 1'H~ WORLD

gospel, and thus accustoming the peo- tation in Chinese homes and personal in- ple to the presence of the missionary. terviews in the guest room before and Several journeys were also made by after all services, and at such other times Dr. Griffith John, of the L. M. S., and as the general work will permit. by Mr. Alexander, of the National Bible Society of Scotland. SCHOOL When the Boxer crisis broke out Day school for boys and girls in there were only six societies working charge of Mr. Veryard and teacher in the province, but three years later, Cheng. Evangelist Yang has given spe- when the first Hunan Provincial Con- cial courses in classical Chinese. We ference gathered at Changsha, in June, have 22 scholars, of whom 16 are boys, I903, there were no fewer than 32 and 6 are girls. delegates present, representing the work of 12 societies. The long oppo- HOSPITAL sition had yielded to the persistent prayers and self-denying labors of Altho an excellent women's hospital is many years. only ten minutes' walk from us, of the 2,945 patients treated during eight months To-day steamers of several hundred 464 were women, 227 of them being new tons burden run between Hankow and cases. Mrs. Keller has taken general Changsha, and the capital has become charge of the wards and housekeeping, an open port with a British consul and and has given much help in the drugcommissioner of customs resident room. The number of in-patients has there. In Changsha itself not fewer been small for two reasons: first, our than I I societies are at work, with a hospital is just a small Chinese house, staff of fully 40 foreign workers and and ward accommodations are very limsome 200 Chinese Christians. ited. Second, a number of the patients had serious and prolonged illnesses, so Some idea may be had of the regu- that they occupied the wards for long lar work of the station by the follow- periods, and prevented us from taking in ing schedule, reported by Dr. Frank new cases. Many cases, especially sur- A. Keller, of the China Inland Mis- gical ones, had to be turned away. sion: We aim to make the hospital much PUBLIC SERVICES more than a mere medical and surgical institution. Our main purpose is to Sundays-Communion service every Sun- make is an evangelistic agency, and a day at 9 A.M. training school for Christian workers.

Regular church service, 11 A.M. Riot Experiences * Sunday-school, 2 P.M. Service for Christians and inquirers, The story of the riots is graphically told in a letter from Mrs. Keller, com- 3 P.M•. menced on board the steamer Chang Street chapel service, 4 P.M. Wo, on April IS: Preaching on streets, 5 P.M. "Miss Tilley, Mr. Veryard and I Week-days-Daily gospel service. 9 A.M. are now on our way to Hankow. The Street chapel, Monday, Wednesday trouble arose on account of the and Friday evenings. scarcity and high price of rice. The Church prayer-meeting, Thursday eve- people appealed to the governor to nings. have the public granaries opened and Also daily morning and evening serv- the price lowered, but he was unwilling ices at hospital. to do it, so there has been quite a little unrest, and for two or three days they CLASSES have been congregating outside the South Gate. At last, on Wednesday Tuesday evening Bible-class, and dur- night, April 13, they surrounded the ing part of the year a special class for governor's Yamen, and declared they would kill him. They succeeded in BOOK SHOP AND STREET CHAPEL breaking down the front part of the Yarnen but did not get in to the gov- The Book Shop was open morning and ernor, so on Thursday night they made afternoon daily, except Saturday and another attempt. Failing again to Sunday. carry out their purpose, they attacked WOMEN'S WORK • From Chift(J,'. MilIio….

This work, carried on by Mrs. Keller' and Bible-woman Mrs. Cheng, consists in three weekly classes for Christians, inquirers and heathen respectively; visi-

AND THE CHANCsHA R!OtS

the missions. The report is that they emptied flour, sugar, tapioca, currants, said if one or two foreigners could be salt, coffee, tea, etc., into a heap on the killed the foreign governments would floor. We managed to get some bread take up the matter and the governor's and butter and have a little breakfast, life would be forfeited, and so they and then at the suggestion of Mr. Siao, would gain their end. This report, one of the evangelists, we started to however, we did not know about, un- pick up what clothes we could.

til after our place was destroyed. "While we were thus engaged, Mr.

"The first place attacked was the Cheng, one of the elders of the church, Norwegian Mission premises at I A.M., came and said that the rioters were where they broke up everything-the burning the Norwegian Mission, and missionaries making their escape just were coming over as soon as they had as the mob got in. Two of the sol- finished to the C. l. M. Both he and diers from the guard-room opposite Mr. Siao, as well as the soldiers, urged our place saw the attack on the Nor- llS to hurry off the premises, so we wegian Mission, and came over to left, and the few things we had col- urge us to get out as quickly as possi- lected were sent down after us. Quite ble. It was then I :30 o'clock. We a few of our books were in good con- arose and drest as rapidly as we could, clition, but we had no time to get any gathered together some money and of them.

ran out at the back door. "The soldiers took us up on- the wall "]ust as we got out the rioters came and round to the West Gate, and from in at the front entrance. A crowd had there we came on board the steamer gathered at the back, and as we Siangtan, which had been held over, passed through, they called out, 'Catch by the British consul. When we came them'; 'Kill them.' One of the crowd on board we found the Liebenzell suggested that there were others in- friends there with many others. The side, so, happily for us, their attention Wesleyan missionaries had had to es- was turned away for the moment and cape about 2 A.M., and their premises we were able to escape. were partly destroyed. Several others "The soldiers led us to a Yamen, or had also been in hiding all night.

jail, the place, by the way, where Cheo Shortly after we reached the steamer Han is imprisoned, and we stayed we could see the Norwegian Mission there till 6 A.M. Up till about 4 o'clock building in flames; later on, our place we could hear the shouting and yell- and the governor's Yamen.

ing, then things quieted down, and at "About 5 o'clock our party was 5 :30 the soldiers went over to look divided and some came on board this around a little. As it seemed quiet, steamer, which, in the meantime, had Dr. Keller and Mr. Veryard went over come from Hankow, and which was to the mission, and later on Miss Tilley to be the first to leave for Hangkow.

and I followed. The British consul, the commissioner "We found the place in a dreadful of cttstoms, and representatives from condition, the house broken down in most of the missions remained on many places, every window smashed, board the Siangtan to await the arrival all the seats both in the chapel and of the gunboat which the consul had street chapel broken, as well as the telegraphed for. Dr. Keller stayed, desks and stools in the school, and the but he thought it best for us to tables and chairs in the guest-rooms. come on.

Our clothes were nearly all torn to "Late in the afternoon, some of our pieces, or thrown around in such a servants came to the boat, and told us way that they were spoiled. Our that our chapel and house were com- sedan-chairs, organ, stoves, Dr. Kel- pletely burnt up, but that the hospital ler's typewriter, dishes, lamps, and had been sealed by the officials. They everything that could be broken were also told us that the Liebenzel1 Mis- broken. In the store-room they had sion property was destroyed and that

the mob were preparing to burn it May, but in all probability the scarcity down. Word also was received that of rice precipitated the trouble before the rioters had looted the home of the things were thoroughly organized.

evangelist of the United Evangelical Even now that the riots are over, Mission, and that he was separated numerous placards have appeared from his wife and children. throughout the city of an anti-dynastic "Before we left Changsha, which and anti-foreign nature. In a number was about 10 P.M., there were several of these the officials are spoken of as other fires that we could see distinctly "dog officials," and starving refugees from the boat, but we do not know are offered ten taels a month if they what places they were, probably the will enlist in the regiments of the new property of the Wesleyan Mission, the dynasty. The new governor, how- London Missionary Society, and the ever, is showing a strong hand and has American Episcopal Mission, but there offered a reward of one thousand dol- has been no definite word so far about lars for the apprehension of anyone them." found posting these lawless placards, After the Riots and five hundred dollars for informa- The scenes which greeted the eyes tion leading to such apprehension. Be- of the workers who were allowed fore the riots many pitiful things to reenter the city of Changsha are showed the lamentable weakness of graphically portrayed in the photo- ,the previous governor. Three hun- graphs which Dr. Keller sent home. dred armed soldiers were next door to To give a full list of all the premises the governor's YarneD, and tho the destroyed would require a full page Yamen was burned down these men of this magazine, for over forty build- were not allowed to open fire. Some ings have been either partially or of the soldiers were even injured with wholly ruined or thoroughly looted. A bricks and stones and then stood aside close examination of these ruins and and let the mob do its work; and while buildings gives strong presumptive a band of ten men burned the customs, evidence that, after the first day at thirty police who were guarding it least, the rioting was organized, and fled.

there are those who think that the real It is good to know that the mission- leader is known to the officials. Dr. aries never lost touch with their work Keller has photographed the instruc- save for a few hours. With the ex- tions which were actually written up ception of the Roman Catholic (three on one of the inside walls of the C. I. priests were accidentally drowned) M. premises after the mob of the first and one or two other missions, at least night. The instructions read, "These one missionary from each mission re- two buildings must be smashed to mained on the spot. These workers pieces." How thoroughly these direc- had to stay on the steamer for the first tions were carried out, here and else- five days, but the Chinese evangelists, where, the pictures show. The looting church officers, and many Chinese was as thorough as the instruction, Christians visited them daily for scarcely two sheets of paper being left prayer and helpful conference. In this untorn. A large Milner safe in one of way the work was still directed, and the premises proved too much for the the evangelists of at least five mis- rioters, tho its condition testifies to the sions held meetings in their own careful attention it received. The safe homes on the Sunday following the itself weighed one and a half tons, but riot. These meetings were well at- it had been thrown over and the outer tended.

casing 'smashed in, but beyond that Subsequently the workers obtained they were unable to do anything. house-boats, and the C. 1. M. and It seems that some of the neighbor- Wesleyan Mission joined in the hold- ing officials had received anonymous ing of union morning and evening warnings of riots to take place in meetings on the boat. At the same

HUNA~ AND THE CHANGSHA RIOTS

time regular meetings were held in the chapel) are going on regularly and homes of the Christians on shore arid are well attended. This morning many came to the house-boats daily. (May 16) a ticket was sent to me to After two weeks the missionaries were visit the Hunan exhibit before it is sent allowed to go on shore during the day, on to Nanking. It was a grand exbut were compelled to sleep on the hibit showing the wonderful resources house-boats at night. On April 30, of the province. Tho very busy, I Dr. Keller, Mr. Hollenweger, and Mr. went and was treated with utmost Stanislaw, of the C. 1. M., took up courtesy by the directors. A few A CROWD At' CHAN GSHA, AWAITING THE NEW COVERN OR This was taken after the riots. The Chinese gunboats are seen in the distance their abode in the mission hospital, days ago I was driv~ from the city; which had not been destroyed. On to-day I am bowed to and smiled upon. May 8 they had three meetings, there What irony!" being as many as seventy members present at the communion service held Will all who read these lines make the spi~itual needs of Hunan and at 9 A.M. China generally a more earnest subject Dr. Keller is inclined to believe that for prayer? There is much need to pray that God will restrain the forces the officials have now got the upper of disorder and so direct that the hand. He says: "Our teacher has changes taking place in China may taken the scholars to his own home come to pass without bloodshed and and is conducting regular classes there. riot. Also, that all these trials and He has been brave and faithful. Our difficulties may fall out to the furtherdaily and weekly meetings (except ance of the gospel. special women's meetings and street

ARABIC LANGUAGE AND ISLAM *

BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D.

Dne of the Arab philosophers, at character used by the human race. The once a zoologist, a philosopher and Chinese character is used by more peo- biographer of Mohammed the prophet, ple, but the Arabic character has whose name was Ed Damiry and who spread, through the Mohammedan re- lived about four or five hundred years ligion, over much wider area, until in after Mohammed's death, said that "Verily the wisdom of God came down every part of that great world of on three-on the hand of the Chinese, Islam those who know the Arabic on the brain of the Franks, and on the character can read the signs of the tongue of the Arab." We must admit street or the tickets in the railway that speaking at that time he was a trains or the words in their books. real philosopher. We all know that To begin with, the whole of North Af- priJlting and glazed pottery and silk- rica has adopted the Arabic character. culture, not to mention other great in- ventions, came to all the Oriental and From Rio de Oro and Morocco, Western world from the Chinese; that through Algiers, Tunis, Tripoli, Egypt, even then the Arabs were beginning in all the day schools, higher schools, to realize that real thought and in- on the street and wherever there are ventive genius was with the Western people who read and write, they use Fr,anks; but they never ceased to be- the same character that is used in the lieve; and believe still, that of all the Koran. The Arabic character has also gifts that God has given the Arabs the been carried through a large part of greatest is the gift of a matchless lan- Central Africa by the Hausas, and guage, a language superior in poetry through a large part of Eastern Af- and eloquence to any language in the rica by the Swahilis and the Arabs of world. I believe those who have spent Zanzibar. Long before Livingstone some years in studying the language, crossed the Dark Continent the Ar-$bs which they call "the language of the had already named the chief lan7f:~; of angels," are "Cluite in agreement that Africa, visited the great lakes and dis- of all the living languages there is none which has such delicacy and covered the greater part of the con- possibility of utterance, such distinc- tinent. The same is true of the far tions of tense and mood, and no lan- Eastern world. In the Philippine guage so immense in its yocabulary, Islands and Malaysia tl!e books used and surely none more difficult for by the Moslems, nutnbering thirty- Westerners than is the Arabic tongue. five million souls, are all in the Arabic tongue or in the Arabic script. The The Arabic language became the same is true of the great strip of coun- chief vehicle for carrying on and try from far Western China, through carrying outside the bounds of Arabia Northern India, Afghanistan, Eastern the Moslem religion. The Bible tells Turkestan, the whole of Persia, tiS, "In the beginning was the Word, Turkey~in-Asia, and Arabia. Islam and the Word was with God," and that has carried its alphabet, the sacred "the Word became flesh and dwelt alphabet of the Koran, throughout the among us." In another sense the word whole of the Moslem world. of Mohammed, incorporated in his book, has gone on the wings of the In the second place, the Mohamme- wind with Arab propagandism until ~o-day the Koran is perhaps the most dan religion has also carried its gram- mar, its vocabulary, through a greater widely read of any book in the world part of the Oriental and Occidental world. Even in the English language save the Bible. The Arabic character we have no less than threescore words that are Arabic and came by way of IS used more widely than any other the Crusaders or through Spain into the English dictionary and linger • rrin~ed frolll a pamphlet by file Nile Mi4noll prel'. there. Every time we buy a maga- and prayer and Koran against the re- zine, use a sofa, or study algebra, we sults of Christian missions. And here pay tribute to the Arabic tongue, be- is a letter from Miss Bentley in J a- cause all these are Arabic words. maica, of the West Indies, giving the There are fifty other words just as same testimony: "It seems to me here common which could be mentioned. in our work among the Moslems that But, most of all, the Arabic language the key-stone of the arch in the pres- is bound up with the religion of Islam. ent day of missionary work is to over- To-day there are no less than forty come this Mohammedan opposition in or fifty million people whose spoken the estates of our work for the coolies tongue is the language of Arabic, and and to win them for Jesus Christ." over 200,000,000 people who pray no She speaks of the influence of Moslem prayer to God, who have no religious priests who come from India among expression for the thoughts of their the coolie class in that part of the soul, save as the thoughts of their soul world. And in the London Times are winged with the language of Mo- about a month ago we read of "The hammed. The cry of the Muezzin is opening of the first mosque in St. the challenge of Islam to the Church Petersburg." of Jesus Christ. In all these lands, The Emeer of Bokhara has donated from Canton in the extreme east and a site in the capital of all the Russias as through western China, in the Malay a new center for this Mohammedan re- Archipelago and as far west as Mo- ligion! The testimony of those who live rocco or Sierra Leone, as far south as in Russia is that there are now in Rus- Capetown and as far north as Tobolsk, sia, including Khiva and Bokhara, a Siberia, you may hear every day the total of twenty million Mohammedans. caU to prayer in Arabic, and the prayer Remember, also, the activity of the from Mohammed's book: "In the name Arabic Moslem press in Tashkent, of God, the merciful, the compassion- Orenburg, Tiftis, and other great cen- ate! 0, lead us in the way that is ters, by which Islam is carrying on a straight !" So the Arabic language propaganda not only among the pagan became the vehicle of Islam, by the tribes of Siberia, but among the nomwritten word of Islam in the alpha- inal Christians of the Crimea and the bets, the vocabularies, the nomen- provinces round the Caspian Sea. A clature, and the prayer throughout the still more striking testimony comes great Moslem world. And there is from China. Mr. Marshall Broomtestimony of the present power of the hall, who is preparing a scholarly work Arabic language for Islam in this on "Islam in China," tells us that the great Mohammedan world. I will take Arabic language is used in a Chinese the evidence from unknown quarters tract printed at Tokyo, and the inscripto bring it closer home. I suppose the tion reads: "The Awakening of last place in the world where one Islam"; "There is no God but Allah, would expect to see a conquest of the and Mohammed is God's apostle." A Arabic tongue would be in British similar inscription in Chinese on this Guiana, South America. Yet the mis- tract calls the sleeping Moslems of sionary, Mr. HilI, writes: "If the re- China to awake and preach their faith. sults of a century of British missionary So from China, from India, Russia, effort in Guiana are to be preserved, and even South America, there comes the Christian Church must make a this universal testimony that even tomore determined effort to com.at the day the Arabic language is the vehicle influence of the East Indian Moham- with which Islam spreads. Professor medans. The struggle of the future Meinhof, of Berlin, has written a book here is between Christ and Moham- on the subject, in which he advocates med." In other words, in the north- that all societies in Africa shall put a west corner of South America Islam great barrier to the spread of Islam is waging its old warfare by language southward in the shape of the Roman

alphabet against this conquering alpha- where Arabs have great centers, there bet of the Arab speech. they are using the modern press and 2. I admit, as the Moslems assert, pouring out their literature. But the that there is no language of the Orient that has in it such latent power-a character of it is not like the characliving language, a flexible language, a powerful language. Sad to say, we ter of the waters concerning which have very few translations of Arabic poetry or philosophy or other litera- Ezekiel speaks. Wherever the water ture, but those who have read some of it even in translation can not help of life goes, life comes and everything being imprest with the power and force of this language. It is a lan- blossoms and bursts into fruitage. The guage, one of the great conquering languages of the world, which well de- water that goes forth from the springs serves the tribute the Arabs give it when they say it is the language of of Arabic literature and of Islam is God and the prophets and the angels. bitter water, a Dead Sea of thought. But, on the other hand, this Arabic speech and Arabic literature have, by It is true that the desert is the garden the very fact of their being Arabic and being Moslem, become to-day the of Allah, but the desert is not the greatest and strongest retrograde force for civilization and social prog- garden of Jehovah. Where Jehovah ress in the world. I have these words from men like Sir William Muir, who walks is paradise, and where Allah knew the Arabs and Islam, and the testimony of men like Hon. Winston walks there is the desert, even as in Churchill, who knows about politics and progress. Winston Churchill is "The Garden of Allah" you find three reported to have said: "The greatest retrograde force in the world to-day great elements-sensuousness, fanatis the Moslem religion." Sir William Mtlir said that "the book, the religion, icism, intolerance, coupled with the and the sword of Islam have done more to retard the progress of civili- great propagating force-so wherever zation than any other forces in the world." Islam has lost its sword. Islam has extended, the influence of The Moslem world is under Christian government or Western influence that religion is found producing four practically everywhere. Even in similar results. Dr. Robert E. Speer, Turkey it is no longer safe to use the sword to massacre Christians. But once said: "The Arabs have alwavs the power of Islam still remains in its book, in the propagating force of this found a desert or made one." • religion through its literature. I believe that the old Arabic literature is The condition of Morocco and Per~ both socially and morally and spiritually to-day the greatest retrograde sia and Tripoli or of Egypt before the force in the world. British came. and of the whole of There is no doubt it is a force, the Arab presses are pouring out litera- Arabia. and of Afghanistan and ture continually. In Egypt, in Syria, Baluchistan, is such not in spite of in Bombay, Calcutta, Lucknow, La- Islam but because of Islam. Take, for hore, in Tiflis, in Teheran, everywhere example. first of all the social and po- litical effect of Arabic literature. The literature of Islam is out and out, of course, Mohammedan, and is based on the Arabic medieval conception of social life and progress. Cromer said in his book on Egypt that "reformed Islam is Islam no longer," because the real Islam is based on three principles -the principle of intolerance. the principle of the degradation of wo- manhood and therefore the ruin of the home life, and the principle of the un- changeableness of civil law. Now these three principles are absolutely antagonistic to the march of modern civilization. You can have no civili- zation where you have an unchanging civil law, because civil law mttst be adjusted to the changes of modern life. The recent testimony of the Mufti of Egypt in regard to Wardani, the murderer of Boutros Pasha, was that he shQuld. tJ.Qt be execUted for

ARABIC LANGUAGE AND ISLAM

three reasons: first, because he killed after page and section after section, Boutros Pasha with a revolver and you can always follow the life of this there is no provision in Moslem law miserable, scurrilous scamp as he dewith regard to murder by revolvers; ceives everybody, changes his appearsecondly, the relatives of the victim, ance, and simply acts as a man withand not the Government, should have out any principles. Or, take in the entered suit; and thirdly, it is not a third place the greatest book in the legal crime for a Moslem to kill a Arabic world, the Koran itself. "The Christian. By that astonishing series Koran," as a Moslem in Morocco said, of statements you see that Moham- "contains beautiful moral precepts, medanism is politically opposed to all but they are hard to follow. When I real progress. read the New Testament some one seems to be drawing me to Himself." In regard to womanhood, there are There is the greatest difference in the a small number of Mohammedans who world between the Arabic Bible and advocate monogamy and deprecate the Arabic Koran, the Arabs thempolygamy, but there is not a single selves being witnesses. If placed side by side with the Bible, Mohammed's Moslem in Cairo or Calcutta who can book will show immediately its inferiwrite a book in favor of the rights of ority. I remember an Arab who came womanhood without directly indicting to one of our missionaries in Arabia the life of the prophet and attacking and said, "I love your Bible, but," he the Koran. So these two things are said, "the Arabic Bible is not as poetic, incompatible, and it is simply impossi- its form is not as elevating, its eloble to reform Islam without im- quence is not as great as is the elopugning Mohammed himself and his quence and the poetry of Mohammed's sacred institutions. book, the Koran." Our missionary, quick as a flash, said, "When the car- Again, Mohammedan literature ad- avan is crossing the desert and the vocates intolerance. You can find in- travelers are dying for thirst, do they tolerance in nearly every Moslem book ask for rose-water?" It is God's you pick up. whether story book or Word alone that satisfies the thirsty poem or philosophy or religion. It soul. Mohammed tries to satisfy the is woven into their literature and thirst of the human heart with the life. Mohammedan literature is also musk and rose-water of human elomorally unfit to elevate the world. quence and pleasing poetry, but the Take two or three examples familiar Arabs themselves are realizing that to us all. The Arabian tales of the Thousand and One Nights is used there is nothing can satisfy the thirst among us as a book for children. It of the heart but the living God. is a book of rather interesting- stories Finally, Arabic literature is morally in the expurgated form in which we degrading because of its general unknow it, but as it circulates in the Mos- truthful character. I wish to read lem world it corrupts morals, deg-rades a testimony from the Arabs themhome life. and the better class of Mos- selves. The Arabs will not admit, of lems to-day would not like to be seen course, that the Koran is full of fables reading- the book. Take, again, a and absurdities. That to them is the book like the Assemblies of El Hariri. Of all Moslem poets there is none very book of God. But, in regard to their collections of sacred tradition, stands so high in literary stvle or they say, "We have never seen pious thought as this Arab poet. His hero people lie so much as they have in is Abu Zeid. and on the testimony of all who read the book, the greatest writing books on the life of the Mahero of this Arabian Shakespearian homet." (Lam nara es-saliheen akzibu numman hum fil hadeeth.) In other lore is a man who is utterly a scamp, without morality, without any sense words, on their own testimony the of honor, without any sense of truth. fundamental books on which they Through all the beautiful poetry, page

rely for their every-day religious been Christianized in the matchless life, the customs and manners and Bible translation, which I think we observances and precepts of Mo- dare hold up before the Moslems and hammed are based upon a tissue of defy them to point out a single gram- falsehoods. The Arab traditionalist, matical error of any importance, but Bochari, when he colIected some 600,- there have been modern Christian 000 stories about Mohammed, found poets and writers who have wielded that only 7,000 were worthy of cre- this language with tremendous power.

dence and put them in his book. You Some of the publications of the Nile will find that all thinking Arabs, when Mission Press are a witness to it, as they face religious literature of the are books like "Sweet First-fruits,"

Moslem world, are in doubts about and "The Beacon of Truth." The how much of it is true. . . . Moslems are surprized to find that 3. Now I wish to point out that not Christians have taken this flexible only has the Arabic language been the Damascus blade and are using it with vehicle of Islam, and become there- power in the fight for the truth and fore a force of retrogression" but that for the gospel.

it is entirely possible for the Church We may apply here a very interest- of Jesus Christ through His Spirit to ing passage in the Book of Samuel.

capture that magnificent vehicle and When God's people in Israel were bat- use the Arabic language for Christ, as tling against their enemies, the Philis- Mohammed once used it to carry his tines, no smith was found in all their religion. We have illustrations in borders; all they had left as armor- story of missions. When Ulfilas, the smiths were men who had perforce to great missionary, came to Northern put on strength and sharpen with a Europe and put the Bible in the lan- file the few weapons that remained!

guage of the people he captured it for The Church of Jesus Christ is girding Jesus Christ. When Luther put the itself for the great conflict to win the Bible into the old German tongue, the Moslem world, yet, except for the tongue of the common people which great press at Beirut and the press at men despised, he created the German Constantinople, throughout the whole language; and when Tyndale and of the Dark Continent, with its 58,000,- Coverdale gave the Bible to England 000 Mohammedans, the only press that they perpetuated the faith of the Bible prints books in the Moslem tongue for not only, but made it penetrate and Moslems is the Nile Mission press.

permeate the English language. When This press is like a splendid lad of five Dr. Van Dyck and Eli Smith ended years old, but that boy needs a great their work of faith and labor of love deal more than his present outfit to and patience, of hope, translating page meet the giant Goliath of Islam. We by page and verse by verse the Bible need to put that press on such a firm into the Arabic tongue-when the foundation that in every respect all completed Bible came from the press the missionaries throughout the whole in Beirut, they ushered in an era far of the Moslem world can go there to more important than any dynasty or secure their weapons and to sharpen any change in governments in the weapons, that it may be the Woolwich Moslem world, because they gave to armory for the fight throughout fifty million people the Word of God Arabia and Persia and North Africa, in a matchless translation. There is a -until the kingdoms of Mohammed -proverb current at Damascus, or which shall become the kingdom of the Lord used to be current there, given by and of His Christ. It is entirely possi- Hartmann in an article he wrote on ble to do it, and God in His wisdom Islam and the Arabic speech: "Verily, has led to the erection of this Nile the Arabic language will never be Mission press in the greatest stragetic Christianized." They no longer dare center of Islam.

gay it. Not only has the Arabic ton~e The Moslem world has three cap~

I910J THE ARABIC LANGUAGE AND ISLAM

itals, three throbbing centers of life. the score, defying our religion, making It has a heart, it has a hand, and it sport of its most holy teaching, and has a brain. The heart of Islam is Cairo is becoming the one great center Mecca. Thither all the passions grav- of this anti-Christian propaganda. itate; thither all the pilgrims go; Could you find a better center to set thither the Moslem looks to find the up a great press for the Lord Jesus deepening of his spiritual life in the Christ? old religion of Mohammed. But the This is not a qay for small things. power of Mecca is fast disappearing. The situation calls for urgency; the The Moslem world has another cap- situation calls for big faith, for big ital, Constantinople, where political sacrifice and big endeavor. Carey's ambitions have been fostered for many' motto, if it was up-to-date one hun- centuries, where the sword of Mo': dred years ago, is surely up-to-date hammed still hangs in the mosque, now: "Attempt great things for God; where the mantle of Mohammed finds expect great things from God." The no one who dares to wear it, and where Mohammedan religion is seamed the great cry of "The Moslem world through and through with great lines for Moslems!" has never yet gone of cleavage and of disintegration; if forth. The sword is rusting in its we will strike hard now and strike scabbard, and the political power of again and again, we may see the whole Islam is, I believe, forever a thing of great mass topple asunder, and our the past. But the Moslems now be- Lord Jesus Christ will win His greatlieve that the .pen is mightier than the est victories in the Mohammedan sword, as do we, and they have world, because there He has met with founded a new capital, the old capital His greatest defiance. He can do it if of the Caliphs in Egypt, Cairo, "the He will, and all the signs around the Victorious." If you go into its nar- horizon-even the bitterness of Morow streets, among the bookshop hammedan intolerance and persecu- crowds, you have only to stand there tion-is beginning to show that they for a few hours to see that the real are fearing Jesus Christ of Nazareth. capital of Islam is Cairo. Here are As a missionary in Turkey told me: men from Nigeria, Morocco, Java, "I can not account for the bitterness Singapore, Hunan in West China, of this last terrible persecution save by from Mecca, Medina, Teheran, Stam- this fact-that some of the men who boul, from Bokhara, Sistan, from every perpetrated the awful cruelties and part of the Moslem world. What do atrocities already felt in their hearts they come for? To lay in a stock of that they were kicking against the Mohammedan literature and to carry goads of the Christ, that they were it to the utmost confines of the Mos- Sauls of Tarsus under conviction." lem world. In Arabia they get all God grant it may be so, and if the their books from Cairo. I had scarce- Sauls of Tarsus in Egypt and Turkey Iv heard of Delitsche's "Babel und shall become the Pauls of the new Bibel," when an Arab said to me, dispensation, then well may we awake "What do you think of this? You and provide for such a Paul and Christians are debating yourselves Timothy and Silas and Apollos and whether the Old Testament is true or the future apostles from Islam the not." The book of the German critic weapons by which they may fight a had been reprinted in Cairo as a good warfare, and win the whole Moweapon against the Kingdom of hammedan world for our Lord Jesus Christ. Books are being. printed by Christ.

EDITORIALS

NEW THEOLOGY AND HIGHER phatically of the dangers and damage CRITICISM to the cause of Christ by sending men The editors frequently aUo:". state- to the mission field who are not firmly ments and expressions of opInIon to appear in the REVIEW from which ~ey grounded in their faith in Jesus Christ would emphatically dissent, but whIch are printed as a matte~ o~ :ecord or as the only Savior and the Bible as as the opinion of some mdIVldual who has a right to be heard. As a rule we, God's Word to man. Many missionat the same time, call attention to statements which, in our opinion, are aries wrote to the Edinburgh Confernot true to fact, and we dissent from wrong deductions and dangerous ten- ence expressing these views and dencies and opinions. giving their experience, and we:e as- In the September number of the REVIEW there appeared an article by tonished and indignant that theIr let- Dr. J. H. DeForest, a!1 honored mi?- sionary of the Amertcan Board m ters were not printed, while many Japan, and reprinted from th~ Japan Evangelist (but by some oversIght not others expressing opposite views of credited to that paper). Dr. DeForest, in speaking of his "Twenty Years. of the newer school were found in the Experience in Japan," calls attentIOn to the changes in Christian thought reports of the commissions. . . and theology (page 6gI), and gi.ves his approbation to the modern behefs It is possible that evolut.IO~, ~Ith in regard to "higher criticism," evolution and "new theology." While the very strict and well-d~ned hml~s, IS a editors know that an increasing number of ministers and missionaries ac- method of God's work In the umverse; cept these modern views, we deplore the fact and believe that any evolution we believe in progressive revelation of which denies the direct creative work of God or affirms the descent of man God to man, not in the sense that the from beasts, that any higher criticism which denies the infallibility of the earlier revelations were faulty, but Bible as God's revelation of Himself and the way of life to man, that any that they were partial and adapted to new theology which denies the essential deity of Jesus Christ or His atone- man's development; we believe that, ment for sin as the only hope of salvation for man-we believe that these while the Bible was not intended to phases of modern thought are e~r~)lle­ ous are subversive of true splrttual teach geology and astronomy, it does life: and are preventative of any permanent work in upbuilding the Kmg- not teach error and it wonderfully dom of God. corresponds in many details to th.e It should also be borne in mind that while many, too many, missionaries findings of modern scientists. It IS accept and teach these modern views, very many others, and among th~m well also to remember that the last the most honored men on the mIssion fields, stand firm on the subject of word on science has not yet been destructive criticism and the "old theology," and write and speak em- spoken; man is constantl~ recon- structing his scienti~c th~ones. We believe that many artIcles 1ll the creed of the so-called "new theology" do not rightly and comprehensively represent the God of the Bible or the deity and atonement of Jesus Christ.

These are days of drifting. r~ther than steering for many ChnstJans: they are days when men have loosed from firm anchorage and are in danger of being wrecked on rocks of error and unbelief. We can not too strong- ly urge the younger missionaries to stand by the positions t~at have been tried and not found wantlllg, to preach the Bible and to proclaim salvation only through the crucified and risen Christ.

AN INDICTMENT OF THE NEWS- PAPERS Two late articles in the Atlantic Monthly of kindred purport have aroused no little attention. Mr. Leupp wrote in the February issue on the waning power of the press, and in the March issue Professor Edward A. would print a line on the subject. In .Ross, of the University of Wisconsin, a late street-car strike the newspapers follows with a severe and forceful began by manifesting sympathy with the strikers. The big merchants cnticlsm. The papers are arraigned threatened to withdraw advertisements and the newspapers suddenly changed not only for such obvious faults as their attitude and became unanimously sensationalism, intrusion into private hostile to the strikers. In the summer life, and embellishment of facts, but Professor Ross boldly charges that the of 1908 disastrous fires raged over newspapers do not give the public the news. great areas of timber-land in the northern lake country. A prominent He attributes the reticence of the organ of the lumber industry belittled the losses and excused its deceit by daily press to three facts: First, that its obligation to support the market the daily newspaper in large cities has for the bonds of the lumber companies advertising in its columns. Similarly, passed from a private to a corporate when the matter of teachers' pensions enterprise, needing at least a million was agitated and a teacher was sumdollars to start it; second, their neces- marily dismissed by a corrupt school board in violation of their own pubsary dependence upon advertisements; lished rules, a big merchant threatened and, third, their subordination to other the newspaper with the withdrawal of advertisements and the reports and enterprises. He boldly cites illustra- revelations suddenly ceased. tion after illustration of the suppression of important intelligence, decla- We have given the facts and some ring that hardly one-half of the material which he has at hand is pre- evidences because we regard this sented to the public. He gives some charge as exceedingly important. startling instances in which important Professor Ross cites one newspaper in news has been supprest lest the pub- whose editorial rooms were found relication of it should offend capitalists, corded prohibitions against writing and especially advertising patrons, anything damaging to any of sixteen For instance, a prominent Philadelphia large corporations known as sacred clothier visiting New York was caught cows, such as a railroad company, perverting' boys and cut his throat, but tractic.u company, tax system, party he being a heavy advertiser, the system, etc. It is but one of the signs tragedy was not mentioned in a single of the times when even newspapers paper in his home city. As a second can be bought and sold, induced to illustration he gives this: During the suppress news or misrepresent facts strike of the elevator men in the large for the sake of mercantile gains. Prostores the business agent of the Ele- fessor Ross proposes an endowed vator Starters' Union was beaten to newspaper which would neither dramadeath in an alley by a strong man hired by a certain emporium, and the story tize crime nor indulge in private is supported by affidavits. It was gossip, nor above all fake, doctor, or given by a responsible lawyer to three sensationalize news, but be a correctnewspaper reporters, but the account ive paper; for if such a fearless comof it was never put in print. A third petitor were in the field the ordinary illustration given was this: The sales- dailies ~ould not dare .to be cat:t~~'ht women in big shops were compelled to suppressmg news or mlsrepresenlmg sign mean and oppressive contracts facts. If we are to have a public press which would have made the firms at all it must be, first of aU, independent odious to the public. A prominent and a faithful reflector of the actual social worker brought the facts before facts the newspapers, but not one of them

MISSIONARY

ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS a desperate situation party names and A Turkish Conc:es.ion signs were forgotten and a common humanity asserted itself, especially Mr. Oscar S. Straus, the American among the people who bore one or Ambassador to Turkey, has sent word another of the Christian names. This to the United States Government that picture groups together representahe has succeeded in obtaining a de- tives of eight different Christian cision from the Council of State ap- churches which not only cooperated proving an act of the Council of Min- in carrying on the relief work, but enisters (the Turkish Cabinet) by which tered into a formal union with each all foreign religious, education and be- other. The persons in the picture are nevolent institutions are exempted EI Kar Stephan Maksabo, representafrom certain provisions of the Otto- tive of the Chaldean Catholic Church; man law. This decision affects about El Khoure Philibos Shakal, of the three hundred American organizations Greek Syrian Catholic Church; Bagand frees missionary institutions from numerous restrictions and permits hos Terzian, bishop of the Armenian them to acquire and hold property in Catholic Church; Bishop Khoren, reptheir own name. resentative of Gregorian Armenian patriarch; Baba Apraham, of the What a Blind Cripple Did metropolitan of Greek Orthodox Church; Arsen Yemenigian, priest of In the city of Adana, in Central the Gregorian Armenian Arachnort of Turkey, there lives a young Christian Adana' El Kar Mansoor, representanamed Hovhannes, who is a helpless tive of patriarch of Old Syrian cripple, and can neither walk lor move Church; Bishop Bukhare, Old Syrian his body. But he still has the use ?f Church, Jerusalem; Garabed Ef his hands. When he became a dIS- Aigian, member of the Pa!riarch's ciple of Christ, it seemed as if he could Commission." All appear tn long do nothing in the way of Christian beards, and clad from tip to toe in full work. But this young cripple has accomplished a wonderful amount. In ecclesiastical array.

the first place, with a Braille type- The Syrian Protestant College writer he has printed all of the New Testament except the Gospel of John The Syrian Protestant College, in text for the blind. This had al- more familiarly known by the briefer ready been printed, so it was not name, Beirut College, is a good illusneeded. He has also put into Braille tration of the place of educational insix books of the Old Testament. All stitutions in foreign missionary work. this has been long, slow work for him The patronage of the college is drawn in his helplessness, taking a whole from a geographical area which exyear to accomplish. ,But now he has tends from the Ural Mountains to the bound the various books thus trans- Sudan and from Greece and Egypt to lated into the language of the blind, Persia and India. There are over 800 and he keeps them as a sort of cir- students, representing some twelve or culating library for blind people who fourteen religions and nationalities, have learned to read. Of course, not many of the blind in Adana can yet under a corps of instructors and adread; so, besides this, he ~as started a class of sixteen blind pupIls, whom he ministration of over seventy. It is is fast teaching to read and to write. manifest that a work of incalculable value is being done. This appears more forcibly from the statement made Hearts United by a Cru.hing Calamity by the trustees that 1,800 graduates The June Missionary Herald con- occupy positions of commanding in- tains a striking full-page photograph fluence as civil and military physicians which presents "one of the most stnk- and phannacists, physicians of mili- ing results of last year's massacres tary and general hospitals, lawyers, in Central Turkey. In the face of such judges, teachers, preachers, editors,

M1SSlONARy lNn:LLlGENCE

authors and merchants. The college longer seeking an outlet for itself has won the confidence of the people, through asceticism. Where modern and the people expect the pioneer col- education has not penetrated, there the lege of Syria to continue to maintain old type exists only slightly modified, its leadership in the wonderful new era but the educated community is not in the Turkish Empire. adding to the number of religious INDIA monks or ascetics. The religious devotee has not lost Britain'. Supreme Task the sanctity with which his person has for centuries been vested, but the The "Statistical Abstract Relating enthusiasm of the rapidly growing to British India from 1898 to 1908" educated Hindu and Mohammedan contains figures that ought to interest community is not any longer aroused deeply all who are concerned as to the by him as in his palmy days in the spiritual future of our great de- p.ast. Public service is what now calls pendency. Perhaps after all our read- forth the admiration and applause of ing of books of Indian travel there are new India. Let.a man show that he but few of us who have even an ap- has served and is serving his land, proximate idea of the geographical and his people will listen to him whethvastness of the country and its teeming er he has mortified the flesh or not; population. The figures given in the let him busy himself in the haunts of official statement will, therefore, as- men laboring for ciyil progress and tound many. That much is being moral regeneration, and no one will done in regard to education is shown ask any questions as to whether he has by the fact that in the year 1907-08, no spent months or years in the jungles less than four millions eighteen thousand pounds were spent upon the 165,- in religious meditation. Men old in Hinduism still talk about the Rishis of 473 colleges and school~. I~ the ten the sacred past, but modern Hindus years the number of unIversity graduates increased to nearly 10,000, and look to another type of man for help. the number of female students in all The politician and not the pietist, the rhetorician and not the Riski, the colleges and schools to 622,927. SOf!1e scientist and not the saint, rouse the slight idea of the task before the mis- spirit and kindle the enthusiasm of sionaries and before the Church of young India to-day.-REv. B. F. BROD- Christ may be formed from the statement that the total population includes, LEY, in The Bombay Guardian.

in rough figures, over 207,00?,ooo of The Brahmo Samaj in India Hindus, 9,500,000 of Buddhists, 62,- "The Brahmo Samaj," says Rev. D. 500,000 of Mohammedans, 2,200,000 B. Updegraff, "has five messages. of Sikhs, and-thank God-nearly The first, teaching God-consciousness, 3,000,000 of Christians. Tha~ there slays idolatry; the second, reconciliaare nearly 700,000 recorded Insane, tion, does away with r.ace jealousy; deaf and dumb, blind and lepers, the third, social solidarity, means no points strongly to the need and value caste, the consummation for which of medical missions and other forms every missionary prays; the fourth, of Christian philanthropy.-London the harmony of East and West, will bring in more and more the religious Christian.

The Paaainir of Asceticiam secret of Western progress; the fifth, social service, will lift India's deprest There can be little doubt that the old classes-the women and the low castes Indian ideal of asceticism is giving -out of the slough of despond in way before the new Indian ideal of which they now lie. We remember the progressive and aggressive patriotism. saying of the wonderful Keshab Not that there is any dearth of ascetics Chandra Sen, himself not a Christian: yet, but the intellect of India is no 'None but Jesus, none but Jesus, none

but Jesus ever deserved this bright, Committee of the Federation of the this precious diadem, India, and Jesus Churches of India. Some writers try shall have it.'" to make us believe that there are no native Christians except those pur- Aborisines Petitionins for No License chased and supported.

The Bombay Gazette says: "The CHINA Khands, an aboriginal tribe in Bengal, requested the local authorities not to Some of the Chanlres in Prolfre.. grant license to liquor shops. The Lieutenant-Governor accordingly de- A missionary returning to China cided to close all outstalls for selling after a brief absence, reports the adcountry liquor in Khandmahals in vance that he observes, as follows; Orissa, of which twenty-five were ..Bigger schools and more of them; originally licensed for the current the opium reform pushing the drug year." steadily and finally out of the em- pire; the city streets lighted by night Closed for Lack of Funds and, wonder of wonders, swept by day; uniformed and orderly police Moravian Missions gives a pathetic keeping order on these same streets, account of how the little church at while the postman makes his rounds, Kyelang in the Himalayas received delivering newspapers and letters. the news that the European mission- Telephone bells resound in the schools ary must leave the station. Kyelang and larger stores as well as in yamens ; IS the oldest of the Himalayan stations, but the best of all is the persuasive inhaving been opened by Revs. Edward fluence of the Christian Church, felt Pagell and A. W. Heyde in I855, the and acknowledged as never before in missionaries first studying Tibetan at the new life and thought of this won- Kotghur. Rev. G. Hettasch wrote: derful decade." "As I addrest them I could not look at their faces, but I heard the sob- No More Foreign Advisera bing. A Tibetan does not cry easily. Since they have heard the sad news An important change has been made the last bit of joy seemS to have left in the policy of the Chinese Governthem and they are generally so happy. ment, in that it will hereafter employ All 'are broken down and silent. no foreign adviser. The present ad- Silent and grieving, they sit in their ministration believes that it now has houses, and still can not quite believe a sufficient number of Chinamen who that this great blow is really about to have been educated abroad to give the fall on them." The withdrawal of the Government all needed advice in formissionaries from Kyelang is due to eign affairs, and able to understand the policy of retrenchment which is foreign relations_ The change is probfound necessary by the Moravian ably due to pride, in that the adminis- Mission Board which for I908 showed tration desires to appear independent. a deficiency of over :£I5,000. A disinterested foreign adviser could probably do many things for the Gov- A Lawyer and Yet a Pastor ernment that no Chinaman can do. Yet a considerable number of men of The First Church of the American ability have been educated in the Marathi Mission in Ahmednager has United States and European countries, gone back to pri~i~ive and aposto.1ic and together must have a pretty clear precedent in ordammg as the chief idea of foreign nations. The Chinese pastor of that large native church a Government must, of course, come to man who makes his living mainly as act independently some time. a lawyer. The Rev. Shahurao R. M<?- dak will have an assistant pastor. ThIS A Notable Chinese Evaqeliat is part of a plan to make th~ Indian Church independent of foreign sup- The Rev. Ting Li Mei, leader of the port and yet secure educated pastors. revival in Peking, has been described Mr. Modak is joint secretary of the as follows: "A man less than forty

GENERAL MISSIONARY

years old, he is filled with God's spirit, Last year they opened a school conand is remarkably gifted in knowledge ducted by themselves. Interesting of the Scripture and in ability to use <:nough, the men of the church are, alit. He is a praying man. He holds most without exception, graduates of that in everything we ought to give Tengchow-Weihsien College. The thanks, even in the mere drinking of a leading elder, once a beggar boy, now glass of water. When out walking owner of city blocks, is a model man, in the afternoon, this man of God is wise counselor, fathering the fatherapt at every step to turn to a passer- less, a Sabbath-school leader, generby and invite him to the evening's ous, reliable as the sun. One of the service. On reaching a retired spot, business men, as a thank-offering to he suggests to his companion stopping God for saving him from himself, gave for a word of prayer. I~ the pulpit he $500 to defray the expenses of a series is simple, direct, persuasive. As an of revival meetings. The church, evangelist he has been richly blest. through its members, who are leaders Under his leadership, during the last in and managers of a home mission year, more than 2,400 persons have society, has been instrumental in raisbecome inquirers, 200 students have ing and distributing hundreds of doldecided to study for the ministry, and lars for preaching the gospel, both by unnumbered Christians have come evangelists and by schools, in this and nearer to God. Missionary effort in other provinces." China during the last hundred years would have been justified had it pro- Mission Work in Manchuria duced nothing more than a Ting Li Mei."-World-wide Missions. A Scotch missionary writes as fol- lows, showing how his task differs Can Its Equal be Found fraU! that of the clergy at home; "The street chapel is one of the most im- China contains at least one phenom- portant parts of the work of a Manenal church. It is located in Tsingtau, churian mission station. In Ashiho in the northern portion of the empire, every day at the busiest hour, when in Shantung province. Possessing one the streets are thronged with people, of the finest of harbors, this city has the chapel is open to all comers. It an immense trade with the interior. consists of one room with mud floor Of the church Rev. C. E. Scott writes and mud walls, two rows of wooden in the Hemld and Presbyter as fol- benches, a desk at one end, and a small lows: stove in the middle.

"When Tsingtau was founded, "The board shutters having been eleven years ago, this organization taken down, the foreign missionary sprang into being, and, unlike any and his little band of native evangelists other Chinese church of which we take their stand inside the little have heard, it has not been dependent wooden railing in front of the chapel, upon the foreign missionary and the and sing a hymn or two, making as money he commands. It early called much noise as they can. When a suffiits own native pastor, bought its own ciently large crowd has gathered they land and erected the large, commo- are invited to walk in and take a seat. dious structure in which the congrega- The majority generally do so, partly tion worships. Later it built Y. M. C. through curiosity to hear the 'doc- A. rooms fronting the streetward side trine,' but also, if the foreigner is of their city lot, and called "the smart- present, glad to have a chance of exest student whoever graduated from amining him at their leisure, and at Weihsien" to be the secretary. Last close quarters. year they built a two-story manse, a well-nigh unheard-of comfortable "Once seated, the preaching begins. housing for a Chinese pastor. All The missionary and two or three nathese buildings are of brick and stone. tive evangelists hold forth by turns. When one is exhausted another takes

his place. A Chinese preacher is women and children; but when they never at a loss for words, and always become Christians they usually put ready to 'explain the doctrine.' During away the filthy weed. the preaching men walk in and out as they like, smoke their pipes or ciga- Within fifty years after the arrival rets, and occasionally give vigorous of the first missionary in Japan there assents or dissents to the oratorical have been gathered in 75,000 adult question, which, however, has no dis- Protestant communicants. Within concerting effect on the preacher. twenty-five years after the beginning Only now and then does a quite ir- of the work in Korea there have been relevant conversation start between registered I 15,000 communicants. two or three of the audience, and they always politely stop when requested Everything looks promising for not to 'speak words.' " work in this strange, interesting land; but men and money are sorely needed at once.-Christian Herald.

KOREA Pentecostal Times in Korea The Land and the People In no other part of the world to- clay do the scenes at the day of Pente- This peninsula, containing some cost come more near to being enacted I2,000,000 inhabitants, lies in the than in the peninsula of Korea. For same latitude as our own greatest some time deep and wide-spread in- Eastern cities; is about 600 miles long terest in the message and claims of the and 135 miles broad, and contains Christian gospel has been prevailing, 80,000 square miles-about the size of not in the way of sudden and passing the State of Kansas. Its hills are excitement, but as a sustained and many, but low, and it has ten rivers. growing religious movement. It has Korea is not a religious land. It already reached such proportions as contains, says James S. Gale, no entitle it to be classed among the great great temples,_ priests, incense-sticks awakenings of Christian history. It or bell-books; and yet, the people recalls that chapter in the experience seem to have an essentially religious of the American Board when the peo- nature. They imagine that dragons, ple of the Hawaiian Islands in a com- devils and goblins are everywhere, oc- paratively brief time turned from casionally kind and good, but gen- heathenism and were numbered among erally malignant and to be propitiated. Christian nations. Those closest to Ancestor worship is a passion among the situation in Korea and best quali- the people. Sacrifices are offered fied to speak of it are strongly of the upon the graves of parents, which are opinion that within the next generation watched and tended with elaborate the Korean people as a body will be care, for the repose of the dead is all- Christianized. Through organization important. The general faith of the and otherwise steps are being taken people seems to be akin to Buddhism. by missionaries, evangelists, and other Superstition there, as in most other Christian workers to secure a million heathen countries, reigns supreme. Christian converts in Korea during Thus, when a drought followed the the current year.-Missi-onary Herald.

introduction of the first trolley cars in Korean Christian Generosity Seoul, it was naturally attributed to the malign influence of "the devil that The following item from the Korea runs the thunder and lightning mission field emphasizes strongly the wagon." At last a mob of thousands generous giving of Korean native gathered, rolled several cars over and Christians: "During the past year the oyer, set one on fire, and took posses- native church, with a baptized mem- sion of the streets, foaming and stamp- bership of 25,000, gave $80,000, noting like wild beasts. withstanding that labor is but twenty Everybody smokes in Korea-men, cents a day, and that it was a year of

MISSIONARY

very hard times. But their leaders, five women, many of them tottering nevertheless, from time to time exhort with age, surrounded the altar and re- and encourage them to more generos- ceived baptism. Among them were ity. Last Sunday Pastor Saw thought the mother and three sisters-in-law of the collection-plate held too many Mr. Yun Chi 0, president of the bu- coppers in proportion to nickels and reau of education and cousin of the silver, and gently stirred up their pure Empress. 1 was much touched by the minds by way of remembrance as fol- experience of a woman of sixty-four.

lows: 'Honorable brethren, this plate She could not read, but to my sur- looks very dark. When our dear Lord prize recited the Lord's Prayer, died for us our sins were very, very Apostles' Creed, Ten Commandments, dark, but with his own precious blood and half of the baptismal catechism.

he washed us and made us pure and Upon inquiry, she told me that her clean; and now, when through His husband had taught her, sentence by sacrifice we are white, shall we not sentence, in the evenings. During the give Him white money instead of only day at her work she would repeat over the darkest and poorest?' " and over the lesson of the evening be- fore. Sometimes she said she would Christ and His Church Firat wake up at night and find she had for- From the advance sheets of Mr. gotten her lesson; then she would Mott's new book, "The Decisive Hour arouse her husband and have him tell of Christian Missions," we take the her the words again. The day she apfollowing: peared for examination her husband walked the four miles to church with "The Korean Christians are giving her, and stood outside, waiting eagerly Christians. Eighty per cent of the work of the Korean Church is self- to hear how she answered her ques- tions."-World-wide Missions.

supporting. Korean men have been Korean Foreign Misaionaries known to sell their oxen and hitch themselves to the plow that chapels Korean Christians have decided to might be built; to mortgage their send a Korean missionary to China. houses that mortgages might be re- At the recent conference ot Methodist moved from the house of God; to sell leaders at Pyeng-yang, a resolution their crops of good rice intended for was adopted declaring it to be the duty family consumption, purchasing in- of the Church in Korea to do their ferior millet to live upon through the part in the evangelization of China. winter, and giving the difference in This significant and far-reaching the cost for the support of workers to action indicates the character of preach among their own countrymen. Korean Christians. One of the sig- nificant things about Korean converts Korean women have given their wed- is that, as soon as they are brought ding-rings, and even cut off their hair into the Kingdom of God themselves, that it might be sold and the amount they feel an irresistible impulse to devoted to the spread of the gospel." Is it any wonder that, with such con- strive to win others for Christ. Last secration, thousands upon thousands year the Korean Presbyterians sent a are coming daily into the Christian missionary to Manchuria. This evi- Church in Korea? dent leading of the Spirit of God con- tradicts the selfish argument some- Gettin~ Ready to Confe•• Chri.t times made that we should not send missionaries to other countries until "The baptismal service in the First all the people in our own land are Church, Seoul, on the last Sunday of Christianized. The fact that Korea the conference year," writes Mrs. desires to assist in the evangelization George Heber Jones, "was a beautiful of China shows how world-wide is the climax of the year's work. Seventy- Christian impulse and outlook. JAPAN ers." A photographic picture of the remarkable gathering covers the first Sianal Triumph. of the Gospel page of the Advocate.

Dr. J. L. Dearing has recently de- Japanese Idea of Virtue clared that there are more Christians The instruction of Japanese is di- r('('ted chiefly to inculcating such moral in Japan to-day than there were in the tempers as filial piety, obedience to elders, affection and friendships, entire world at the end of the first cen- frugality, industry, modesty, fidelity and courage, and to bringing out the tury of the Christian era. Everything paramount obligations of the indi- vidual to society and the State. Acis favorable to us. Our work in Japan cording to an eminent authority, "duty is the keynote to Japanese morals; the is vastly important because of the uni- word 'rights' does not appear in the syllabus. Even when treating of the versal respect in which she is held by franchise it is not spoken of as the 'right' to vote, but the 'duty of votother Oriental countries on account ing.''' In the education of girls, ac- cording to the same authority, the of her being the first to conquer a Japanese ideal is, in their own words, to convert their girls into "good wives Western nation. . and wise mothers." Both boys and girls are to be trained so as to "make The Japanese have been made the them value public virtues and foster the spirit of loyalty and patriotism." subject of more adverse criticism than There can be no doubt as to the value of such ideals in promoting a strong any other nation on earth. "On the nationality.-Northwestern Christian Advocate. contrary," he said, "the Japanese pos- An Official Tribute to the Gospel sess more qualities that make for suc- A remarkable tribute to the power cess and prosperity as a national of the gospel of Jesus Christ in the de- velopment of a nation, is given in the power than is generally conceded. Government organ, K okumin, pub- lished in Tokyo, and its utterances Most of the statements made against may be understood as voicing the opin- ion of the "Premier," and perhaps the them are gross misrepresentations. Emperor as well: "The develop- ment of Japan to a first-class power Japan has as many Christian people within the past fifty years is to a great extent attributable to the to-day, after fifty years of contact with trouble taken by missionaries who, by either establishing schools or Christianity, as there were in the preaching the gospel of Christ in the churches, have cultivated the minds whole world 100 years after the be- of the Japanese and enhanced the standard of their morals. In Japan ginning of the Christian era." there are fortunately many excellent missionaries and it is quite satisfac- Twelve Thousand Japanese Children in tory to note that some of them have Convention been zealously engaged in this coun- try for about forty years. . . . It The Christian Advocate of May 26 is to be hoped that the missionarie~ says: "The mammoth amphitheater of Tokyo held the largest Christian assemblage ever gathered in Japan on April 3, when 12,000 children from the city Sunday-schools met in convention. Each school had a banner, and the children from each district wore ribbons of a distinctive color, which with the gay kimonos made a brilliant scene. Coronation was the opening hymn. There were speeches by Mr. Hattori, a Methodist member of Parliament, and by Bishop Harris, who called the children 'the flowers of Japan.' An entertaining tale was told by Mr. Kurushima; Mr. Maryama narrated a war-time experience; Mr. Ando made a plea for temperance. The different sections sang their hymns, and then with organ and cornet the great chorus sang the 'Kimigayo,' the national anthem of Japan. Mr. Ukai, of the Sundayschool Union, was among the speak-

GENERAL MISSIONARY

will redouble their energies and zeal ceived into the Church. One Sunin promoting the welfare and happi- day three brothers were converted, ness of the Japanese" one of whom was a native doctor who had paid the large price of a AFRICA bullock for the usual equipments of the Liberian medicine man. Miss How "lam i. Diffused Hall is planning to open an addi- tional out-station in a nearby tribe, Dr. Karl Kumm, who has recently where the natives have offered an made an extensive tour through excellent site for a building and have North and West Africa, writes: promised the material and the labor to complete it. This work is not "The opening of roads, the estab- done without opposition, for in one lishment of peace, and thus the possi- of the tribes a large number who debilities for trade, encourage the Mo- sired to be baptized were threatened hammedan merchants-who are the by their own people, who said that best emissaries of Islam-not only to they would shave their heads and visit the pagan tribes, but frequently ruh pepper into their eyes if they to make their homes among the peo- became Christians. – World – wide ple, build their mosques, and with Missions. their considerable prestige to spread their faith. As long as the white ,A Mi..ionary's Day'. Work government officials of the Anglo- Egyptian Sudan, being paid by the Mrs. Ian MacKenzie, in Regions Khedive, look upon themselves as Beyond for March, writes as follows: the representatives of Mohammedan Let me begin by giving you the daily Egypt, and as long as the army of program of work at Luebo: the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan swears its oath to the Khedive, and not to Before daylight-Private devotions. the Christian King of Great Britain, 5 A5·-Morning prayers with some 6,000 advancing Mohammedanism will natives in the church. profit, and Christianity be at a dis- 6 :oo.-Roll call and dispatch of the ISO count. In the Anglo-Egyptian Su- workmen to the machine-shop, carpenters' dan it is not the desire of the British shed, printing-office, etc. Government officials to see Islam Holding of court for the deciding of advance among the pagan tribes, and Kongo "palavers" or law-suits. (Sometimes the Sirdar is quite friendly to mis- over 200 people present.) sionary enterprise among the pagans, 7 :oo.-Family prayers in missionary but our missionary enterprise is not household. adequate, and can not hope to cope with the enterprise of the Mohamme- 7 :I5.-Breakfast. dans. 7 :45.-Kongo prayers for 20 adopted Kongo children in each house. School and Church for Liberians S :oo.-Superintending of children at housework. Preparation of meals, etc. The school for African boys, long conducted by Miss Agnes McAllis- 9 :Is·-Morning school. 400 children in ter, at Garraway, far down the Li- church. berian coast, continues to flourish under the supervision of Miss Anna 1I :oo.-Catechumen's class in church. E. Hall. The school is so crowded that they now have to turn away 12 :oo.-Dinner. many boys who are eager for the I :oo.-Rest (occasionally). training to be secured there. The 2 :ls.-Afternoon service with sermon in evangelistic work of the circuit is as church, successful as the educational work. 2 :4S.-School for evangelists. There have been more than a score Visits to surrounding villages. of conversions in recent meetings and many have been baptized and re- Women's meeting (Tuesday).

5 :oo.-Work stops.

7 :oo.-Supper. 8:00.-Native prayer meetings (Monday, Wednesday, Saturday). English Bible readings (Wednesday and Sunday). Evangelists' meeting (Tuesday).

Portuguese Hindrances Overcome tiOJ) of justice and mercy, represents Rev. Dr. Wesley M. Stover is back an immeasurable advance on such a in Bailundu, West Africa. This fur- ('reed. Where, as in Uganda, the nishes a new illustration of the value people are intelligent and the misof patience and persistence. For- sionaries unite disinterestedness and bidden to return to his mission in Africa two years ago, Dr. Stover zCCiI with common sense, the result is astounding."

waited for a while in England, and "Architecture" in the Dark Continent later on for a year and a half in Lis- The architect who makes a fad of bon, until the Portuguese officials the primitive-the unhewn, the uncut, permitted him to return to Africa, and the unpolished-might get some su~g<:stions from the following detho not to his old station of Bailun- scnptlon, from the Inhambane Chrisduo He went to Loanda, and now tian Advocate of the Methodist chapel the last limitation has been removed, at Panga, Portuguese East Africa: and he has been allowed to go to his old home at Bailundu. He is now The only evidences of the white man there, not only to his own great joy are the clock, which is placed in a but to that of the mission and the wooden case to protect it, and the bound native people. Dr. Stover has done books, the Testaments and hymnals.

::t good work for the cause of mis- These books are carefully put upon little sions in Africa by simply holding racks made of small pieces of board susfast to his claim to return to his pended from the roof by cords attached mission, and we trust that the point to the corners. Each person who owns a Testament has a little rack. The floor gained will settle the relations of the is made of a species of clay pounded smooth, and the platform is made by apmission to the Government for all plying more clay. In the floor of the future time.-Missionary Herald. platform is stuck a long piece of board, Colonel Roosevelt on Missions in Africa and on this is fastened a flat piece to serve as a desk. The seats are made In the August instalment in Scrib- of a rough native-hewn board laid on two stumps of trees stuck in the ground. ner's Magazine on his African jour- The sides of the chapel are made of the neys, this sharp-eyed observer makes branches of the coconut-tree massed this general observation in answer together and tied to the straight branches. to critics of missions: "Those who The roof is thatched with grass.

complain of or rail at missionary THE ISLANDS work in Africa, and who confine themselves to pointing out the un- From Java to Dutch Guiana doubtedly too numerous errors of A new stream of emigration from the missionaries and shortcomings the Old World to the New is that of of their flocks, would do well to con- the Javanese to Dutch Guiana. The sider that even if the light which population in the home island contin- has been let in is but feeble and gray, ually and rapidly presses upward. In it has at least dispelled a worse than 1898 it was 26,000,000; in 1903 nearly Stygian darkness. As soon as na- 30,000,000; and still it grows: 12,000 tive African religions-practically persons to the square mile is the aver- none of which have hitherto evolved age density. They are a people in great any substantial ethical basis-de- destitution, moral and otherwise.

vdop beyond the most primitive Opium-smoking claims nearly one- stage, notably in middle and western sixth of the population as its victims, Africa, they tend to grow into and $25,000,000 is the lowest estimate malign creeds of unspeakable cruelty which this particular vice costs these and malignity and immorality, with desperately poor people, a sum not a bestial and revolting ritual and much less than the whole Protestant ceremonal. Even a poorly taught world puts into its foreign missionary and imperfectly understood Chris- work. The popular faith is Moham- tianity. with its underlying founda- medanism so diluted .with detnQU-

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

worship as to constitute a religion of ten thousand people, and, what is itself-Javanism. more, win their good-will and interest.

Economic pressure has begun to In this way from two to five hundred drive these people abroad, and, as is books are scattered through a town, natural, they have gone from the where otherwise it would be almost Dutch colony of Java to the Dutch impossible to dispose of fifty in a week colony in South America, where 5,000 of colporteur work. Large congrega- of them now work on the coco and tions of all classes of people listen re- banana plantations of Surinam. They spectfully to the preaching of the gos- are highly valued workers, tho thievish pel, people who otherwise would not and addicted to gambling. The orig- come within the sound of the inal negro and Indian popUlation of preacher'll voice."

Surinam has been to a large degree AMERICA evangelized by the Moravians. In later years there has been a consider- Women's Jubilee Meetines able infiltration of Hindus from British Guiana. Among these, too, the In addition to the summer confer- Moravians have carried on mission ences and schools for mission study, at work. Now they are turning to the which there have been commemoranewcomers from Java. The fact that tions of the fifty years of women'& these are detached from their tradi- foreign missionary societies in Amertional Javanese surroundings and set- ica, there will be held jubilee meetings tled in a relatively Christian land will in various cities during October and in no small degree lighten the task of November. Mrs. Helen Barrett Monttheir evangelization. gomery is to conduct these meetings as follows: Seed-sowing-A Unique Campaign October November Rev. Paul Doltz, of Iloilo, writes: Minneapolis, 10·11. Kansas City, 1·2. "I have just closed a unique campaign Seattle, 14·15. St. Louis, 3-4. of seed-sowing. Mr. McLaughlin, the Portland, 16·17. N. W. University, 6. energetic agent of the American Bible San Francisco, 20-21. Milwaukee, 7·8. Society, has secured a first-class cine- Denver, 25-26. Chicago, 9-10. matograph, with the best films of Bible Indianapolis, 11-12. Omaha, 27-28. De Pau, 13. Des Moines, 30·31. Cincinnati, 14·) S. Cleveland, 16·17. Detroit, 19·20.

incidents, which he lends to the evan- Mi.sions in Five Words gelical missionaries for evangelistic and Bible-selling work. In the cock- Rev. Dr. J. E. Goucher, of Baltipit, or in some large house, or, where these are not available, in a tent made more, has recently given a course of and carried for the purpose, the ma- five lectures on missions in Garrett chine is set up. Then at four or five Biblical Institute and Northwestern 0'clock in the afternoon, we take a University, each with one of these five words for a text: Impossible, Imphonograph, and station ourselves on probable, Imperative, Indispensable, a street corner. A spirited march, or Inevitable; thus setting forth the a song on this wonderful machine soon change in conviction since the date of draws a crowd, and every window is Carey's beginning and the progress filled with listeners. After shouting made.

through the horn the announcement of The Best Year for Mi.sion.

the evening's 'function,' we move on The annual report of the foreign to the next corner, followed by a mission board of the Southern Bap- throng of men, women and children, tist Church surpasses in several vital who eagerly receive our handbills, respects all previous reports.

which ordinarily they would not touch, New workers have joyfully gone for fear of the baleful influence of forth. Our missionaries have prest for- the 'Protestante.' So in a couple of ward in the work. Some sick and ex- h9ur~ W~ ::!:dvertis~ a town of eis-ht or hau~teq have had to return home, and

others have laid down their lives. We forty-four. The list includes, aside have never in our history reported so from the well-known European lan- many baptisms (3,223) for one year, guages, Arabic, Armenian, Chinese, and never before have our people Esthonian, Gaelic, modern Syriac, given such a large amount (501,058) Lettish, Montenegrin, Wendish, and to the work. We praise God and take Yiddish. Eighty-five per cent of all courage. We stand on the threshold the religious organizations use only of a new year with great opportunities English. Scarcely less significant than and mighty responsibilities. Southern the number of languages are the com- Baptists who a few years ago were binations as reported by local orgil.lligiving $1 ro,ooo, this past year have zations. Some are natural, as Slavic given over $500,000, and in a few and Servian, the former the language years we believe that they will be giv- of the liturgy, and the latter that of ing $2,000,000 or more. the address; or where they are cognate Of the baptized, 1,254 were in languages, as Norwegian, Swedish, Brazil, l,ro6 in China, 337 in Mexico, and Danish. Such combinations, how- 231 in Africa, etc. ever, as "German, Italian, Scandi- Collece Men and the Bibl. navian, and English," "Chinese, The international committee of the Greek, Magyar, Polish, Slovak, and Y. M. C. A. has its student department Bible study among the colleges of this English," or "Armenian, Chinese, He- brew, Italian, and English," illustrate and other countries. Eighty thousand very vividly the cosmopolitan characcollege men are studying in voluntary ter of the congregations.

Bible classes in eighteen different na- Asiatics in America tions. Last year there were in at- Considerable interest is now being tendance in the institutions of North America over 32,000. Six thousand aroused in connection with the posiwere studying the Bible in Greek Let- tion of Orientals in the United States. ter Fraternity Chapter houses. Ten From the beginning of this work, thousand of these students were non- about 6,500 Chinese have become bap- Christians. In training leaders and tized communicants of the various in teaching, some 14,000 members of churches. The present membership is, the faculties assisted. These methods however, probably not more than oneof work are not confined to our own fourth of this number. The work in country only, but are being ag- San Francisco suffered much in the gressively presented to the students of great fire, but most of the missions India, China, Korea and Japan, and have been rebuilt. There is no unocin these countries are meeting with cupied field of considerable size and unexpected welcome. This great re- of constant population. There are vival of Bible study among students comparatively few native pastors. has been guided and promoted by the The Christians unite in publishing a student department of the international committee of Y. M. C. A. This L'hristian magazine, while those of one branch of the work is supported en- denomination have established a mistirely by subscriptions of men who sion in China. believe in the practical and far-reaching activity of this cause. An effort The principal work among the J apis being made to raise $ro,ooo for this anese has been done during the past purpose by the beginning of 191 I. twenty years. About 4,500 have been baptized, and have become connected Wcrship in Many Tongu… with the various churches. The pres- ent membership is about 2,000. With one exception, all important centers The number of tanguages reported are occupied. The Japanese work in by the recently published United America has borne rich fruit in Japan States Census for 1906, as in use in in producing native pastors and Chris- Church services in this country, is tian laymen, and in promoting tem-

perance and other reform movements. had" decided to return to his own There are twenty-eight pastors in the country as a missionary. He delayed United States, located chiefly in Cali- sailing in order that he might be bapfornia and the Pacific northwest. The tized in the country where he had Japanese Christians have shown great found the True Light. His parents liberality in supporting their Christian have disowned him because of his con- work. version, and he will be the only Chris- Work is being carried on for the tian in his village, yet he has gone Koreans in San Francisco, where back to tell the people there the story there is a church with a native pastor, of salvation.-Christian Herald.

and in southern California. In the For Chri.tian Unity mountain section the Korean Christians unite in efforts for their country- Twenty-four representatives of the Protestant Episcopal Church-twelve men. ministers and twelve laymen-have es- tablished the "Christian Unity Foun- Bible Society Showing dation," whose .profest purpose is to bring about a union of all the branches It was a noble report read at the of the Christian Church, Protestant ninety-fourth annual meeting of the and Roman and Greek Catholic. American Bible Society by the Rev. Bishop David H. Greer, of New York, John Fox, D.D., Theophilus A. one of the members of the foundation, Brouwer, president, in the chair. Dr. recognizes that "many years, perhaps Fox showed that the receipts were several centuries, of work will be re- $88r,673, there now being a balance of quired to effect the task." The foun- $25,589 on hand. The total amount dation will gather information conof trust funds is $r,363,II5. The so- cerning the faith and works of vl!-rious ciety has also securities whose par bodies, and will suggest practical value on March 31 amounted to $533,- methods of cooperation by the various 661. The total issue of publications bodies. at home and abroad amounted to Another Noble Bequest 2,282,826,831, of which 1427,247 came from the Bible House in New York, By the will and eight codicils of and 1,399,584 from the society's Henry Dexter, president of the Ameragencies abroad, being printed on mis- ican News Company, who died recentsion and other presses in Turkey, ly in New York City, the following Syria, Siam, China and Japan. These bequests to benevolences are made: issues consist of 327,636 Bibles, 545,- Salvation Army, $250,000; Midnight 743 New Testaments and 1,953,452 Mission, $200,000; Young Men's pamphlets. The total issues of the so- Christian Association, $200,000 j ciety in ninety-four years amounted to American Bible Society, $15°,000; 87,296,182 volumes.

Quick Work of the Goapel Protestant Episcopal Church Mission- Three years ago an educated young ary Society for Seamen, $15,000; Russian, on landing at Ellis Island, Home for Old Men and Aged Couples, was presented with a New Testament $100,000 j Society for the Suppression in his own language by a missionary of Vice, $30,000; American Tract So- of the New York Bible Society. It ciety, $20,000; New York Protestant was the first time he had ever seen any Episcopal Missionary Society, $20,- portion of God's Word. The village 000; Association for Improving the in Russia from which he came had Condition of the Poor, $20,000; St.

not a single Christian living within its John's Guild, $10,000; Children's Aid boundaries. On Sunday, March 6, Society, $10,000; Charity Organiza- 19IO, this same young man was bap~ tion Society, $10,000; Seamen's tized in one of the churches of New Church Institute, $10,000; Washing- York City. He had been converted ton Square Home for Homeless Girls, through reading the little Book and $10,000; Society of St. Johnland, $10,-

000; Society for the Prevention of the ship far off from the land, but Crime, $5,000; Society for the Pre- pack ice made its approach impossible.

vention of Cruelty to Children, $2,000; Rye-bread and walrus-meat was the N ew York Christian Home for In- menu for another long period. The temperate Men, $1,000; Salvation weather this year was so cold and Army, $1,000; American Museum of stormy that many days Rosig's family Natural History, $100; St. Luke's was forced to stay in bed in order to Hospital, $100; total, $1,209,200. keep warm. They did not dare to A Notable Celebration in Hawaii kindle fires because of hurricane winds. The snow falls incessantly, Ten years after the organization of but as soon as the spring sun gets its the American Board the first mission- strength, the vast masses of white aries were sent to Hawaii, landing at powder vanish as by magic.

Kailua April 12, 1820. Hawaii has A Christian Community just celebrated the ninetieth anniversary of the landing of these mission- In the heart of Brazil, 160 miles ary fathers, in connection with the from any railway, and where for a eighty-eighth annual conference of the long time priest rule has been domi- Hawaiian Evangelical Association. nant, can be found a little village, A bronze tablet was unveiled on one known as Gamelleira, where a simple pillar of a large arch of lichen-covered community of believers are seeking to lava-stone at the entrance to the reproduce the conditions of the early church at Kailua. The tablet was un- apostolic faith and life. A stray veiled by Miss Ethel Paris, a grand- visitor to Santa Cruz heard the gospel daughter of Rev. John D. Paris, the and carried it back to his home and last American Board missionary on neighborhood. Then a persecution the field where Father Thurston was drove refugees to this same quarter the first, each laboring for forty years where a few farmers had believed and in this district. Miss Paris has both been baptized as the result of this soli- Hawaiian and American blood in her tary conversion. A tract of land was veins, and was well chosen to uncover given for a mission, a Brazilian pastor a memorial almost wholly paid for by and his wife secured to take charge, the Hawaiian Christians themselves. and a gospel village laid out. A row Probably 1,000 people were present on of ten cottages were built on the Rua this historic and noteworthy occasion. da Fe-"Street of Faith." No drink- ing or smoking was allowed. A village The Eskimo no Longer Pagan school was founded under direction of On the west coast of Greenland the the pastor's wife, etc., and soon mass of the natives-about I 1,000 Es- another similar station was opened kimo-dwell on a stretch of country thirty miles away. The spirit and which is pleasant and reasonably fer- method of the whole work seem contile. The work of evangelization is spicuously Christian.

practically complete there, says the EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN Record of Christian Work. The east A Great Church in Great Need coast, on the other hand, is a dreary and dark land. The brave Danish The Church of England has 101 missionary, Rosig, settled on this dioceses outside of the kingdom, num- slope. I t is visited but once in the bering 4,000,000 members. There are year by a ship ordered by the Govern- 25 Anglican chaplains in Germany ment to call on him. This is in August, subject to the rulings of the Bishop of when first the sea opens a passage London. The two archbishops of through the blockading ice. In 1906 Canterbury and York, in view of the this ship foundered and for a half- rapid growth of Northwest Canada's year Rosig was forced to eat walrus- popUlation, ask for funds to send to .meat daily. Again, in 190], be saw those parts of the British Empire 500

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

clergymen within the next ten years. recorded in one year. The financial The Anglican Church is suffering statement records the large income for from decrease of ministers as much as the year of £37,782. "Much of this any of the denominations. The reason gratifying total is, however, due to the is the same-too small salaries and too receipt of phenomenally large legacies.

great demands on the clergyman's Excluding legacies, the missionary time, talents and purse. The Church liberality of the Church is £3,779 less herself is requiring more of her min- than in 1908."

isters. Henceforth a candidate for Work for Japanese in London holy orders must be a college graduate and take a whole year's course in' A little company of ladies and gen- theology before he is admitted to or- tlemen interested in the Japanese wit- dination. nessed recently the opening at Shep- The Greatest Bible Society her~'s Bush of a branch Y. M. C. A., whIch has been started for the benefit A summary of the one hundred and of Japanese young men staying in Lonsixth annual report of the British and don, especially workers at the Japan- Foreign Bible Society tells of a record British Exhibition. The building is output of Bibles, New Testaments and not furnished in Eastern fashion, but Scripture Portions during 1909. The it is cosy and homelike according to total issues were 6,620,024, and never English ideas. There are rooms for before has the output reached a higher social life, reading and games, and it total than 5,900,000 copies. As the is hoped that young Japan will find handmaid, and in some cases the fore- attractions there rather than in quesrunner, of Christian missions the Bible tionable places of amusement. Mr. Society has had a large place in the Hooper, the secretary, said that they hearts of those who pray for the had procured the widest publicity in coming of Christ's Kingdom. The aid Japan for the opening of these rooms, rendered to missionary societies is and had had a splendid response. manifested by the statement that the They had secured a Japanese secre- C. M. S. uses I07different transla- tary, who would visit ships entering tions of the Bible which come from the the Thames, and" invite any Japanese Bible House, the Methodist mission- young men on board to visit the Y. M. ary societies 90 versions, and the C. A. A list of suitable lodgings had Presbyterian missions throughout the been compiled. During the summer world 131 versions. the committee proposed to take the Church of Scotland's Missions Japanese to see such sights of London In the volume of reports of com- as Dr. Barnardo's Home, and thus to mittees of the Church of Scotland is- give them an insight into our Chrissued recently, a report of special in- tianity. There are 500 Japanese in the terest is that of the foreign mission neighborhood, and many more would committee. It states that the staff of be coming over.

European mIssIonaries, including THE CONTINENT wives of missionaries, and also the French Catholics Ask for the Bible missionaries of the Women's Association, numbers 164, no fewer than 12 A remarkable Roman Catholic conmissionaries having been apointed gress held its third annual meeting in during 1909, mainly to fill existing Paris a short time ago. Its purpose vacancies. The tabulated statistics is the promotion of spirituality among dealing with the various ~tations show Christian (Roman Catholic) families. in almost every case ari' increase in Its watchword is, "Back to the gosthe number of communicant members, pel !" Its chief aims are thus stated: and especially satisfactory is the 'num- I. Return to the ancient custom of eveber of baptisms recorded. The total ning prayers which are to be followed of 2,433 is much the largest ever by the reading of some verses of Scripture. 2. Reading of the Bible in were attacked by the ignorant peasschool and catechism classes, in meet- antry, as having been the cause of the ings of societies, and in teachers' earthquake-a fact which points to the classes. 3. Public reading of the Bible lamentable ignorance in which the at all masses without a sermon. 4. Church of Rome leaves the people. If Presentation of Bibles to those who the Baptists are intruders in Roman are confirmed or married, and use of Catholic Italy, what is the position of the Bible as a premium in the schools. the priests and nuns who are swarm- Thus once more is revealed the long- ing over Protestant England? ing of many Roman Catholics after the Word of God. God grant that we OBITUARY NOTES Protestants aid them in their search. Rev. Edward P. Hammond Mormons Expelled from Germany This evangelist to children was born Twenty-one Mormon missionaries in Ellington in 1831, and died at Hartwere expelled from Germany recently ford, Conn., August 14, at the age of by the orders of the Government, seventy-nine. He was educated at which holds that they were teaching Phillips Academy at Andover, at Wil- "doctrines subversive of morality." liams College, and Union Theological Seminary of New York, from which The status of the Mormons in Ger- he was graduated in 1858. While in many was taken up in exchanges be- Scotland he went to work in earnest. tween the Foreign Office and the Such men as Dr. William Arnot and American embassy in 1903, when the Dr. Horatius Bonar speak well of him. Government took the position that the He introduced American melodies and teachings of the missionaries were inquiry meetings, and after evangelissubversive of morality. It was then tic work in Scotland did similar work arranged with the Mormon superin- in Italy through an interpreter, and tendent, through the American em- with such a degree of success that, bassy, that all Mormon missionaries after two years' absence, returning to should withdraw from the country this country he found that his good rewithin a month, transferring the mid- port had preceded him. After some dle European headquarters from Ber- successful work in Europe, Mr. Hamlin to Switzerland. mond, from 1861, worked in New England, New York, and Canada. In Baptist Intruders 1863 he was ordained as an evangelist by the Presbytery of New York, and The Catholic Times has been waxing at the invitation of Dr. Theodore L. wrathful against "Baptist Intruders in Cuyler he held meetings in Brooklyn. Italy." Attributing the basest of mo- It is said as the result of one mission tives to the missionaries in the dis- that thirteen hundred converts were trict of Avellino as having been, when added to the Newark churches. Mr. "hard up," induced "to call them- Moody once said in London that he beselves Baptists," our contemporary de- lieved fifty thousand people had been fends certain recent attacks upon "the added to the churches in the United intruding clerics" and the Protestants, States through Mr. Hammond's inand urges that if justice were done the strumentality. This evangelist also Baptists would be ordered to quit the wrote several books and tracts, mainly village and the country at once. It on the conversion of children. has been stated that a little while ago the missionaries in another locality

THE MISSIONARY

CRUSADERS OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY, Christian faith will follow, the Trinity included." or The Christian Missionary and the Muslim. An Introduction to Work Because the vital question at issue between the missionary and the Mos- Among Mohammedans. By Rev. W. A.

Rice, M.A. I2mo, SIO pp. Church Mis- sionary Society, London. 5s, post free. lem hinges on our view of the Scrip- Except for its fanciful title and tures, it is evident that only those who juvenile cover design, this is in every believe in the genuineness and integ- way a most interesting book. It shows rity of the Bible that is sold to Mos- wide and careful reading, and is a lems can possibly direct them and win scholarly presentation on scientific them to Christ. Altho Mohammedans lines of the whole subject of method profess to honor our Savior, their in presenting the gospel to Moslems prophet has supplanted Him in the and meeting their objections. It might hearts of millions, and "there is not almost be termed an encyclopedia on one cardinal fact" concerning the life, the Moslem controversy, and is an person and work of the Lord Jesus ideal text-hook for all those desiring Christ which is not either denied per- special training in this field. The book verted, misrepresented, or at' least is divided into three parts, in the first ignored in Mohammedan theology. It of which the author treats of the Mos- is therefore exceedingly important that lem mind and the missionary's task those who deal with Moslems learn, as with him and with inquirers and con- they can from this book, what Mos- verts > from the personal standpoint lems believe and what they deny.

outlining the Moslem character and Since the appearance of Dr. Tisdall's showing what tact, courtesy and spiri- "Mohammedan Objections" no work tual equipment are necessary in deal- on Islam, from a practical standpoint, ing with him both before and after his equals this. The analytical table of conversion. The second part of the contents, covering thirty pages, is use- book is a consideration of general ful, but a carefully prepared index principles in regard to the place of would have been more valuable as well controversy, the kind of argument as a Bibliography. Both are wanting.

suited for Orientals, the use of the THE INTERPRETATION OF THE CHARACTER OF Koran and the sacred Scriptures, to- CHRIST TO NON-CHRISTIAN RACES. By gether with rules which ought to be Canon Robinson. 8vo, 200 pp. 5S, net. observed in conducting the contro- Longman's, Green & Co., New York and versy, while the third and largest sec- London.

tion of the book consists of a syste- Canon Robinson speaks not as a matic attempt to deal with all the missionary who has put his theories different points at issue between into practise but as a student of mis- Christianity and Islam, in ten chap- sions who has gained wide knowledge ters. It is well to remember the words from the experience of others. He of Dr. George Smith in this connec- here gives us a valuable contribution tion. They are quoted by Mr. Rice to literature on comparative religion, and will be endorsed by every ex- and one can not read his book without perienced worker: being imprcst anew with the im- "All controversy, from P. H. portance of a knowledge of the non- Xavier's time to Martyn's, Wilson's, Christian religions, their ideals and and Pfander's, shows that the key of practises, if one would be successful in the position is not the doctrine of the leading these followers of ethnic faiths Trinity, as the Shi'ah Mujtahids of to know God as revealed in Christ.

Shiraz and Lucknow and the Sunnis Canon Robinson writes discriminating- everywhere make it, but the genuine- ly; he points out the elements of truth ness and integrity of the Scriptur.es, in the great ~on-Christian religions, the by which the truth of the whole goal for whIch their adherents strive

and the means they use for reaching by Canon Robinson are Hinduism, that goal. The Hindu, he says, sets Buddhism, Confucianism and Islam. He shows why missions to the folbefore himself "reabsorption into im- lowers of these ethnic faiths are juspersonal deity . . . b'y means of in- tifiable, answers objections of critics, tellectual self-control, caste regulations and shows how Christianity wilI preand freedom from ceremonial polu- serve the truth of other religions and tion." The Buddhist seeks "perfect will be enriched by the conversion of enlightenment . . . by the loss of all their adherents. desire for individual action or aspiration." The Confucianist has for his CHRIST THE DESIRE OF NATIONS. Rev. Edgoal "contented materialism . . . to gar William Davis. be attained by the cultivation of practical wisdom as taught by Confucius." THE VICTORY OF THE GOSPEL. Rev.]. P. The Moslem strives for "heaven . . . Lilley. a place of material enjoyment . . . to be attained by complete resignation to THE CALL OF THE NEW ERA. Rev. Wm. God and by the preservation of rigid Muir. orthodoxy as taught in the Koran." Christianity has for its great desidera- By TEMPLE SHRINE AND LoTUS POOL. Rev. tum "the attainment of character" as Wm. Robinson.

set forth and made possible by Jesus THE REDEEMER'S REIGN. J. L. McDonald.

Christ. 8vo. 6s, net. Morgan & Scott, London, Canon Robinson gives, we think, an 1910. inadequate idea of Christianity-it is more than personal salvation through Five volumes of a new missionary series have just been published in character; it is the attainment of a England, closely akin in subject, Godlike life and character for self and character and contents, purpose and for the whole world-in a word, it is purport. They are the result of an the universal extension of the sov- offer for a prize essay upon missions. eignty of God. Christianity includes, the cdnditions of the contest being that as the author points out; all the ideals the essays were to be historical, apoloof other religions only in the spiritual getic, and practical. They certainly realm, and the great difference be- meet the threefold demand. Anyone tween Christianity and other religions of the volumes might have been is that through Christ and the Holy worthy of first prize, for all are writ- Spirit we have the power to attain the ten with a singular degree of intelligoal, while followers of other relig- gence and grasp of the subject, and ions not only have lower and imperfect some of them with a refreshing origideals, but have no power to attain inality of treatment.

those they seek. They all appear to be sound in Missionaries must know the ideals doctrine, loyal to fundamental truths, breathe a healthy spirit, show a comand characteristics of those whom they prehensive and intelligent grasp of would reach if their work is to be suc- the problems of missions, the difficulcessful. They must not only describe ties in the way, and the remedies to be Christian truth and character, but applied to a world's need. They stimmust show these in their lives-in ulate the Church to its noblest activother words, it is even more important ities and incite the reader to a wider for a missionary to live Christ before acquaintance with the world-field and men than to preach His life and doc- the world-campaign. We heartily trines-this must include not only commend the series not only to indirighteousness but love, not only cour- vidual readers but to libraries in age but humility, not only good works churches and institutions where misbut meekness and readiness to suffer sionary intelligence and ·impulse are persecution for righteousness sake. desired to be nourished.

The religions particularly considered The prize of two hundred guineas was equally divided between the first two mentioned above, as in the opinion of the committee of equal merit. In

FOR THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY

all one hundred and four essays en- Orient-the lands where they are the tered into the competition. The board slaves and playthings of men, where of adjudication was composed of woman's wrongs have a large place, Prebendary Fox, of the C. M. S.; Dr. but woman's rights scarcely exist. It George Smith, of the United Free seems impossible that some of the con- Church of Scotland; Rev. Marshall ditions described could exist and be Hartley, of the Wesleyan Missionary upheld in the name of religion. Society; Wardlaw Thompson, L. M. S., and Marshall Broomhall, C. 1. M. Then follows a general view of the A more competent committee it would activities of women's societies in East- ern lands and some biographical be hard to find. sketches of such leaders as Mrs. Thomas C. Doremus, Miss Isabella WESTERN WOMEN IN EASTERlv LANDS. By Thoburn, Miss Clara Swain and Helen Barrett Montgomery. 12mo, 286 others. A picture is presented of the pp. SOC, net (cloth); – 30e (paper). The new women of the Orient-those who Macmillan Co., New York, 19IO. have cast off the shackles of slavery The fact that half a million of copies and sin-the veiled women of Turkey of the ten volumes of the Woman's and Persia, the maimed sisters of United Study series have been issued China, and the imprisoned widows of in the ten years is sufficient to show India. Many of these have become the demand for them and the esteem in free and educated leaders of their race, which they are held by students of schools and colleges have been foundmissions. ed and some, like Ramabai, are hon- ored throughout the world. This tenth volume commemorates the tenth anniversary of Central Com- It is safe to predict for those who mittee on the United Study of Mis- follow this course of study a year of sions and appropriately outlines the intense interest and inspiration. fifty years of woman's foreign missionary work. The statistical table of ISLAM UND CHRISTENTUM: 1m Kampf um American women's missionary societies was printed in our September die Eroberung der Animistischen Heinumber. Thirty-six women's organizations contributed $3,328,840 to foreign denwelt. By Gottfried Simon. (Islam missions in 1909, have 57,443 auxilliary societies, support 2,368 mission- and Christianity in Their Struggle for aries and 6,154 native women workers. They have in charge work in 3,263 the Conquest of Animistic Heathenmission schools, including 1 I colleges; dom.) 12mo, 475 pages. 6 marks. also 80 hospitals, and publish 45 magazines. This is a worthy showing for Martin Warneck, Berlin. 1910. Western woman's work in Eastern lands, but it is only a hint at what they This book marks a new epoch in are really accomplishing in homes and schools and hospitals. the scientific study of missions. Fol- Mrs. Montgomery's study book is lowing so closely on Warneck's "The readable and well arranged for class work, reading circles and missionary Living Christ and Dying Heathenmeetings. The story of beginnings is sketched from before the days of Mary ism," it is in one senSe a comple- Lyon. Thirteen different societies were started between 1800 and I 848, ment to that important work. While but none of them became permanent organizations. Many stirring stories Warneck gives us the philosophy of are told of the early days~ of sacrifice. animistic paganism in its conflict The second chapter of the book graphically describes the women of the with the forces of Christianity, this volume deals with the far more im· portant subject of Islam. The au- thor has had sixteen years' experi- ence as a missionary on the island of Sumatra, and has made a thorough study of all the authorities, espe- cially the masterly work of Dr.

Snouck Hurgronje, of Niemann, and Niemann and Poensen. Islam shows its real strength to-day not in the ancient seats of itpsagpaonweArfriincawaenstd- ern Asia, but in Malaysia. This propagandism on races in Malaysia and Africa before the advent of Islam, but makes clear the border-marches is at once an jn- no less that the struggle against Islam itself is not hopeless, but if dex of its strength and a challenge carried on in the spirit of the gospel is sure to bring results. to missions. The fact that in Ma- The book does not minimize the laysia there are to-day well-nigh baffling problem, but points out the way to its solution. It is optimistic forty thousand Moslem converts to without being superficial, and inter- esting as well as scholarly. We hope Christianity shows that here, if any- this important contribution will soon appear in an English translation. where, we may look for a scientific NEW BOOK.S presentation of right methods of CHANGING CHINA. Rev. Lord William evangelization. Gascoyne-CeciL 8vo. lOS. 6d. James Nisbet & Co., London, 1910. Tbe book consists of three parts, STUDENTS AND THE PRESENT MISSIONARY dealing first with the cooperative CRISIS. The Rochester Convention Re- port. 8vo. Student Volunteer Movefactors and the religious motives ment, New York, 1910.

that lead so many pagans to become PROCEEDINGS OF THE MEN's NATIONAL MIS- SIONARY CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES Moslems. Among the former the OF AMERICA. Chicago, Ill., May 3-6, I9IO. 620 pp. $I.25. Laymen's Missionary author mentions active Mohamme- MDvement, New York.

dan propagandism, the neutrality of CRUSADERS OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY, Dr The Christian Missionary and Muslim. colonial governments, which is often By Rev. W. A. Rice. 8vo. 5s. Church Missionary Society, London, 19IO. baneful to Christian missions, and My FRIEND THE INDIAN. By James Mcthe general influence of European Laughlin. 8VD, 417 pp. HDughton, Mifflin & Co., Boston, 19IO. culture. Among the latter the Mos- WESTERN WOMEN IN EASTERN LANDS. Mrs. lem conception of God, Moslem Helen B. Montgomery. I2mo, 286 pp. 50 cents. The Macmillan Co., New York. magic and saint worship, together AN ORIENTAL LAND OF THE FREE (Laos). with their Koran, their eschatology, By Rev. J. H. Freeman. Izmo, 200 pp. 50 cents, net. Presbyterian Board of and their doctrine of surrender to Publication, Philadelphia, 1910.

God, are specially important. THE POOLS OF SILENCE (The Kongo). By H. DeVere Stacpoole. 12mo. IS, net. The second part of the book deals T. Fisher Unwin, London, 1910.

with the social and religious condi- CHRIST THE DESIRE OF THE NATIONS. By Edgar W. Davis. I2mo. 6s. Morgan & tion of pagans who have become Mo- Scott, London, 1910.

hammedan, and the author raises the THE VICTORY OF THE GOSPEL. By J. P. Lilley, D.D. 12mo. 6s. Morgan & Scott. question whether there has been so- THE CALL OF THE NEW ERA. By William cial and religious progress and to Muir, B.D. Izmo. 6s. Morgan & Scott:· what extent, leaving no doubt that, By TEMPLE SHRINE AND LOTUS POOL (India). By Rev. Wm. Robinson. 12mo. for example, the position of woman- 6s. Morgan & Scott, 1910.

hood in Malaysia is not elevated by THE REDEEMER'S REIGN. By Rev. J. I. Mc- the advent of Islam. . Donald. Izmo. 6s. Morgan & Scott. Goo's FELLOW WORKERS. By C. B. Keenley- The third part of the book deals side, B.D. I2mo. 6s."· Morgan & Scott." with the conversion of these Mo- A CRUSADE OF BROTHERHOOD. By Rev. A. F.

hammedans to Christianity. Islam Beard, D.D. 8vo, 334 pp. $1.50. Pil· grim Press, Boston, 1910. is not a schoolmaster to lead the OVER AGAINST THE TREASURY. By C. H. Fenl. 121no, 100 pp. The Westminster pagan races to Christ. The pagan Press, Philadelphia, 1910.

who becomes a Moslem also be- comes a fanatic in his opposition to Christianity, and shows at once the strength and weakness of Islam. o;rer against the gospel when Chnsttan missions begin their work. The au- thor leaves no doubt as regards his attitude toward Islam. It is one of uncompromising adherence to the vital truths of Christianity which make the impact of these two relig- ions necessarily a death struggle. He shows the urgency and the possi- bility of winning over the pagan

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1907

A GLIMPSE OF RIO DE JANEIRO

On the summit of the highest peak, Corcorado, a sunrise prayer-meeting was recently held by melllbel's attending the South AmeriG~n Christian Endeavor Convention

~{ss{onary CJ?..ev{ew

of the World VOL. XXX. No. II NOVEMBER, 1907 VOL. XX. No. II Old Seri<s New Series Published by Funk &: Wagnalls Company, 44·tiO E. 23d St" N.Y. Isaac K. Funk, Pres., A. W. 'Vagnalls, VIet! Pres. and Treas., RoM. Scott, ~c'y SIGNS OF THE TIMES A NEW MISSION TRUST COMPANY Mr. White's plan may seem chimeri- cal, but is not half as visionary as Mr. }. Campbell White, Secretary hundreds of the speculative schemes of the Laymen's Missionary Move- whose object is to make money. Men ment, made public at the Winona As- venture millions upon the hope of sembly a plan to form a corporation gain, and when immense losses come, to evangelize the world-a missionary embark in new enterprises not less trust with stockholders in every state risky. Missions represent the greatest and province in the countries of the enterprise ever committed to men. Its civilized world, the vast resources. to object is the most sublime, its author- be turned to the work of sending ity is no less than divine, and its re- missionaries to the heathen. It is de- sults thus far eclipse in grandeur any clared that the power of this move- success ever achieved. In fact Great ment would be such that paganism of Britain and the United States owe the dark continents of the globe their supreme greatness ultimately to would be wiped out within a single the importation of the Gospel to Angeneration. The plan is to issu.e !O,- glican shores nearly thirteen centuries 000,000 shares at $lOO each, payable ago. Surely we are not the people in instalments of $5 a year for twenty to hesitate at missionary projects to years; and 1,000,000 shares at $1,000 evangelize others. each, payable $50 a year. With this s"m realized, missionaries could be THE CRISIS IN PERSIA supported in blackest Africa and in the farthest domains of Oceanica. At Persia is in a state of political upthe present time 675,000,000 heathen heaval and change, and this political have never heard the Gospel, requir- upheaval is reaching the roots of ing a force of 20,000 misionaries for social and religious life. The people their evangelization. If every church- are in a condition of political expectmember would give one carfare a ancy, says the Rev. F. M. Stead, of week, this force could be maintained. Kermanshah, and are now wondering The Laymen's Missionary Movement whether the old despotic regime will organization is but nine months old, ultimately triumph, or give way to a but already has branches in England constitutional form of government. and Scotland and fifty men investiga- Everywhere there is unrest. Business ting missionary conditions. is deprest and the people are living from hand to mouth. Tho there is

'IIlSSIO:,RY REVIEW OF THE WORLD l :ove11lber

more water, and consequently better at anJl minute. Augus! 6, the roads were crops, in that ~ection than has been lined with villagers fleeing to the city. Re". known for years. yet the working RolJert Labarec was all day at work over classes can do no more than earn the disposal of village household effects, their daily bread. Misfortune or ac- in empty rooms and cellars of the city cident reduces the unfortunate at yards; 2000 people from Tergawar fled once to beggary. down to the Plain, leaving everything in the hands of Kurds. The college property Lawlessness has become rife and was guarded by Persian soldiers. The the rebellion of the king's brother, greatest distress of the missionaries was just quelled, has done much to disturb for the poor people losing all they had, the equilibrium. Public confidence with many of their friends killed. After has been shaken, and merchants have two years of famine conditions, the wheat lost heavily. The soldiers who were crop has been very promising, but this sent to fight the rebels have proved a trouble occurred just at the time of wheat greater burden to the country than harvest; great quantities of grain remain the rebels would have been. Every- uncut, the rest is piled up on threshing where the soldiers robbed the villa- floors and much will go to waste for lack gers, terrorized the inhabitants, de- of attention. stroyed the growing crops and did all the damage they could. The latest word by cable announces that all the missionaries are safe and The political and comme-rcial dis- that conditions are improving. tress have set men to thinking, and they are more receptive of the Gospel THE CRISIS IN INDIA than they have been for years. Men have become disgusted with present Nearly every paper published in political and social conditions, and India, and almost every missionary some are saying that religious con- periodical in America and England, ditions must be changed as well as has something to say on the "Unrest political and social. All are discon- in India." One of the cleverest statetented and uneasy and many gladly ments is that recently published by listen to the message of the Gospel. the editor of IlldiGll Witness (Bom- bay). lfr. Stead writes that the great need is a host of consecrated native A crisis is a time when matters evangelists and catechists, Spirit-filled quickly and decidedly get better or men and women, to work in these har- worse, In missionary work it means an unusual opportunity, India has vest fields. entered upon a crisis, not through Some idea of the disturbance caused war or vVestern civilization, but im- pel1ed by forces no less powerful. by the Turkish raids near U rumia may The editor of the TYitlless notes some be gathered from letters received by of these forces: Mrs, B. W. Labaree in September: ( I) A natior;al spirit has come; a August 4, Turkish soldiers with cannon national consciousness is being born. assisted Kurds in attacking the Persians, This fact is sure. One who stands whose army fled to Urumia Plain. The where he may scan the whole field of horsemen arrived first and all night long Indian current journalism of every the terrified people of Anhur and Allwatch school and shade can not shut his listened to the galloping hoofs, expecting eyes to this fact. Swadeshism is pursuing Kurds and Turks to be on them

J :-;IG:S OF THE

strongcl- and 1110re general than ever. destroys; that teachers be supplied The bearing of the coolie on the street for State schools who will live the shoys the influence of the new na- morals, the ethics their pupils need tional consciousness. to know; that the Christian com- munity be trainee! to live the com- e2) The national movement is not mandment, "Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself." Spiritually they under government leadership, but is must be evangelists. Socially they partly anti-government as being must be leaders in true, nnselfish, in- foreign. In China the government telligent patriotism. leads in a reform. In India the guvernment gives individuals opportunity The day of India's intellectual for advancement, but does not lead in emancipation anel economic develop- national movements. British good ment dawns. .Vill she be saved order, education and fair chance have ethically and spiritually? God awaits borne their fruit in carrying the peo- our answer. ple up to the degree of development where a national spirit was possible; THE CRISIS IN MOROCCO but the adolescent nation, unconscious of its own defects, is impatient of the After twenty-four years of practicontrol of a foreign government, and cally uninterrupted work in Morocco, condemns with it Vestern education the North Africa Mission is face to and religion. face with the destruction of some of its work in the lanel of the Moors' e3) The Revival movement which strange country. Vhile a temporary peace has been patched up with the has touched India makes the present Sultan and with Rais-uli, the brigand, a strategic time. :'lissionaries have there is urgent neeu for believing turned from administration to prayer, prayer for the converts and inquirers and revival has ensued. But adminis- left in peril at the stations without tration must be done. Shall over- the help of the missionaries-prayer worked missionaries be relieved by ad- that the interruptions to. mission work ditional recruits. that administration may not last long; that bloodshed and prayer and traini,.lg of the people and slaughter may be avoicled and may proceed? As the body of the that God will overrule events, so that Indian Church. quickened by revival, there 111a~- be greater religious liberty is ready for aggressive evangelistic and freeelom for evangelizing; and work among their neighbors, is there prayer that even during this time of to be adequate leadership? The re- chaos the copies of the Gospels alvival is an important 'element in the ready in the hanels of the people present crisis. may be used of the Holy Spirit.

~othing but thorough awakening The workers at Casablanca were of the Church in India, in England remarkably preserved through the anel in "merica to the importance of bombardment in September, those the present situation will avoid dis- ordered to leave were brought safely astrous consequences. to the coast, anel, despite the general anarchy, in addition to the local war The situation demands that the at Casablanca, the worker~ at three evangelist keep pace with the schoolteacher, that faith may take the place of the snperstition which education

of the North Africa Mission stations there seems to be reason to fear that (Tetuan, Laraish and Tangier) have those terms will involve no real modibeen able to keep on with their work. fication of the present abominable re- Toward the end of August, the government at Fez felt they could no gime; and it is the conviction of those longer guarantee the safety of Euro- best qualified to judge, that if through peans, and all of these were ordered any apathy or callousness the Powers to leave for the coast. Thus at Fez sanction the perpetuation of any such and Casablanca the work of the mis- horror, the event will be the greatest sionaries has been stopt, and it is calamity ever suffered by Africa. difficult to say how long these stations will remain closed. The workers at Nothing short of the conditions laid Tetuan still continue at their posts down by the Berlin Act of 1885 can be and are going on with their work. accepted as satisfactory. Above all else, the right of trading freely in the At Laraish, the missionaries are produce of his own soil, and in the able to labor on, altho they have had fruits of his own labor, must be reto keep their boxes ready packed, in stored and guaranteed to the native. order to leave at a moment's notice, Unless this is done the worst evils of should danger from the tribes arise. the present system will continue, and the absolute extinction of the Kongo At Tangier, while there has existed peoples will only be a question of considerable unrest and alarm among years. Europeans, so far no disturbance has occurred, and all the usual missionary Let every reader become acquainted work is still going on. At the hospi- with the facts. Then write to reptal, treatment to some of the sick resentatives in Congress or in Parliaamong the destitute Jewish refugees ment; pass such resolutions as may from Casablanca has been given, in strengthen the hands of our governaddition to the usual in-patient and ment in dealing firmly with any situaout-patient work. tion that may arise; and organize public meetings in our own localities.* The whole situation, says the North Africa, constitutes a very special call SLAVERY ABOLISHED IN BRITISH to prayer for a dark land. EAST AFRICA THE CRISIS ON THE KONGO Many have believed that slavery in British territory has long been im- The present position of the Kongo possible, but this is not wholly true. question calls for action. The Belgian Parliament is now called upon to con- Bishop Tucker of Uganda recently sider the question of annexing the drew attention to the fact that slavery Kongo by accepting King Leopold's exists under the British flag in Momoffer to transfer to the nation the basa, and that a British judge may in responsibility which has been his own. the exercise of his duty have to com- If the representatives of the Belgian mit a wretched woman to the custody people accept the offer, the Powers of of the man who claims her as his slave. Europe will be asked to sanction the terms of annexation. The London Mis- It is gratifying to note that Great sionary Society Chronicle says that Britain is now to abolish this evil, *Full information may be had from the offices of the Kongo Reform Association, 165 Queen Vic- toria Street, London. E '. and in Boston, Mass..

OF THE TIMES

for in the B~itish Parliament recently CHINA TO HAVE A CONSTITUTION Mr. Winston Churchill, replying to A recent dispatch from Peking Sir Charles Dilke, said that the legal states that constitutional government status of slavery in Zanzibar and the is soon to supplant the despotism coast strip was to be abolished Octo- which has ruled China for centuries.

ber Ist, and that the House of Com- An imperial edict has been issued mons would be asked to vote com- authorizing Prince Pu Lun, who was pensation. No one will be more re- Chinese envoy at the St. Louis ex- lieved at these tidings than the Ugan- position, and Sun-Chi-Anai, in co- da missionaries to whom this subject operation with the Grand Council to has been for many years an ever-pres- frame regulations for the establish- ent trial. ment of a council of deliberation, to A NEW MOVE IN KOREA aid the government "so that the foun- The Japanese are more and more dation may be laid for a parliament."

assuming control in Korea, as is seen This step is of the greatest import- by the forced abdication of the Em- ance to China, meaning that the COUll- peror in favor of the Crown Prince. try is soon to take its place with other Recent reports say that the reforms nations having a modern form of extend even to the Korean dress and government, and that its attainment that the picturesque top-knot, a sign of the rank of a fully civilized state of the married man, is abolished. is in sight.

When the new emperor was crowned The statement comes from vVash- (August 27) the old and new em- ington that the edict has been in perors cut off their top-knots, the preparation for more than six months.

Crown Prince following their exam- The State Department has been kept ple. Their subjects are now expected fully advised of the project, which to follow suit. Three years ago the meets with full approval here. While Japanese attempted to shear the Ko- the purpose of the edict is to secure reans, but have not until now been a constitutional or parliamentary form enabled to bring about this reform. of government for China, the Chinese The Presbyterian Board of Foreign people, it is pointed out, are not Missions has taken cognizance of the ready, through inexperience, for the influx of Japanese into Korea, by ap- inauguration of a full-fledged parliapointing two missionaries (Rev. and ment. Intermediate steps are pro- Mrs. F. S. Curtis) to work among vided for in the decree. The most them. They plan to itinerate among important is the creation of a "Chih the various Japanese settlements, of Chen-Yuan, or ministry for discusswhich there are a dozen or more rang- ing state affairs." The purpose of ing from 5,000 to 20,000 each. It is . this body is to evolve refornl measprophesied that in ten years there will ures. be half a million Japanese in Korea. Other points of the edict are as It is hoped that their control of the follows: Extension to the other provinces of the government will do away with the model local government system erected in old regime of intrigue and corruption Tien-Tsin by Hun Shi-Kai.

and will not interfere with the present Adoption of compulsory education. Establishment of government good faith rapid progress of the Gospel. with the people.

OTHER REFORMS IN CHINA Christian forces in South India. The Presbyterian 'Cnion has already prac- The health of the Empress Dow- tically accepted the proposed compact ager is said to be failing, and the and is evidently willing to sever its question of her successor on the connection, if need be, with the throne is Gccasioning some anxiety. ~orthern Presbyterian C nion for the She is planning for these fundamental sake of achieving' this. So that all changes in the government, with a which now remains is for the two . view to the appointment of a cabinet unions to meet early next year for council, and a rearrangement of the the consummation of this new com- state departments. She fears a dep- pact, and for the cultivation of a fel- osition of H1e ::Ianchu dynasty by the lowship and the devising of plans Chinese and to forestall an)' such which will make the union a blessing move, plans are being prepared for and a power. the amalgamation of the two races. THE ANTI.SALOON MOVEMENT The main features are as follows: The temperance reform is making 1. Disbanding of the Manchu banner decided progress. 111 the Southern troops, abolition of their pensions and states, local option has supprest the submersion of their officers into the reg- saloon in large districts, and some ular army. states have enacted rigid prohibitory laws. A lIichigan liquor org'an in 2. Daughters of Chinamen of the upper classes will be eligible to marry into the its issue of Juh- 20, H)07, says: imperial family. This promises a future Chinese-Manchu emperor. "During the past winter about two hundred and fifty bills on the ten1.- 3. Chinese women no longer will be per- perance question were considered by mitted to bind their feet. This will re- about thirty legislatures. with the move the difference in appearance between anti-saloon league leading the fight Chinese and Manchu women. on behalf of temperance forces in each state. ]t is a significant fact 4. Manchus will be required to take sur- that not a single favorable liquor bill names, like Chinamen. was passed anywhere in the country." This testimony shows an awakening CHURCH UNION IN INDIA of public sentiment, and yet the tem- The progress toward Christian perance reform is scarcely a century union in India is rapid. .t the re- olel, and whatever success is achieved cent General Assembly of the Con- has been despite mistakes and often gregational t:-nion in ~ladura, the unwise methods. The first temmost important business was the un- perance society in history, it is stated. animous ratification of a broader was organized a'C ::Ioreau. near Sarascheme of union with Presbyterians, toga, X. Y, April 30, r808, and it is embracing the American Dutch Re- proposed to celebrate its centennial at formed and the United Free Church Saratoga Springs, near the place of of Scotland. The Christian communi- its founding. from June 14 to 30, 1903. ties connected with these two n115sions number about 15,000 souls, as compared with the 135.000 1ll the Congregational Cnion, but they include some of the best organized

AMERICA AS A MISSION

BY REV. FRANCIS E. CLARK, D.D., LL.D.':' President of the Cnited Society of Christian Endeavor There are some who deny that to magnify all the defects and short- South America is a legitimate mis- comings of the Roman Catholic sion field for Protestant effort. They Church anc] to lose sight of her vir- say that the country is already prac- tues. I recognize the true Chris- tically evangelized, that the first tianity and spotless character of' Spanish discoverers brought the many in the Church of Rome, and Christian religion with them, that it the heroism of her pioneers, espehas spread throughout the continent, cially the early Jesuits, whose selfand that Protestant boards of mis- sacrificing piety has never been sursions should turn their attention to passed in the annals of Protestantother quarters of the globe. There ism. Tn fact, the story of Jesuit ocare even one or two English Prot- cupation of South America, as well estant churches in South America as 1orth America, abounds in heroic which have been unwilling that their incidents. There is scarcely a nobler buildings should be used for any fig"ure in history than that of Padre native Protestant gathering, or for Jose de Anchieta, a follow'er of any missionary purpose, lest it Francis Xavier, and a man of like should offencl the susceptibilities of spirit, who established himself in the Roman Catholics, and lead to a Sao Paulo, and as one of its founders loss of trade on the part of the Prot- doubtless did much to make that the estant merchants. most progressive state in Brazil.

A few facts will show that South But when it is admitted that there America is one of the 1110st needy were such heroes in the early days and legitimate fields for Protestant of the Roman Catholic Church of missionary effort in the world. South America, and that there are still pure and earnest souls, both In the first place, the condition of among the laity and the priesthood, the Papal church of South America it is also admitted even by intelligent shows the need of some vivifying Catholics that in South America the religious influence. The Roman Church is decadent and corrupt. The Catholic Church of South America is im1110rality of the priests is taken as different from the same Church ill for granted. Priests' sons and 1orth America as Spain is different daughters, of course born out of from :0; ew England. In South Amer- wedlock. abound everywhere, and ica we still find the darkness 110 stigma attaches to them or to and corruption of the middle ages. their fathers and mothers. In ~orth America the corruption has been lessened by the influence of c number of South American hundreds of years of progressive prel<'tes petitioned Pope Leo XIII. Protestantism. a few years ago, on account of fre- quent scandals. to allow South vVe regret the tendency of some * Doctor Clark has recently returned from an extended tour in South America, and has contributed this article to the REVIEW. It will appear this Inonth in his book on South America, entitled" The Continent of Opportunity," published by Fleming H. Revell Co., New York.

American priests to marry, but the lation of a Roman Catholic tract pope would not hear of it, and the which was recently handed him on old scandals go on and increase. the street of the capital of Argentina. The tract is entitled: "Letter of Like priest like people. The 1111- Jesus Christ about the Drops of morality of the priests is doubtless Blood which He shed whilst He one reason for the looseness of the went to Calvary." This letter, says family tie in all parts of South Amer- the writer, was found in the Holy ica. vVhile divorces are not allowed Sepulcher, and is preserved in a for any cause, separations and illegal silver casket by His Holiness, and alliances are very easy and very continues: common. Every large city has public orphan asylums where babies You know that the armed soldiers numare thrust in and no questions asked. bered ISO, 25 of whom conducted me bound; In fact, every convenience is ar- the administrators of justice numbered 33. ranged to prevent the recognition of I received So blows with the fist on the the parents. A kind of three-quar- head, and lO8 on the breast. I was pulled ters barrel is fixt in the door with by the hair 23 times, and 30 persons spat the side toward the street cut half in my face. Those who struck me on the way down. In this the foundling is upper part of the body were 6,666 and roo placed, a bell is rung, and the at- Jews struck me on the head. I was put tendant of the foundling house upon the cross at the eighteenth hour, and comes, turns the barrel around, and at the same time I sighed 125 times. The takes out the baby, while it is pur- wounds on the head numbered 20; from the posely made impossible for him or CroWIl of thorns 72; points of thorns on the anyone else to see who left the child. forehead roo. After flogging they drest In the comparatively small city of me as a fool in a white garment. The Arequipa forty children every month wounds on the body were 100. . . . There are thus left at the public foundling .came out of my body 28,430 drops of blood. houses. Some such arrangement is provided in every large city of South The person who says seven Padre ,Vues- America, and can not but foster im- tros, seven Ave 11([arias and nine Gloria morality and illegitimacy. A con- Palras, for the space of fifteen years, to pay siderable percentage of these found- for the number of drops of blood I have lings are said to be children of the shed, I will aportion five Gracias. The first, priests. Surely to introduce a purer plenary indulgence from all sins; the second, code of morality and a higher stand- he will be liberated from all the pains of ard of living, Protestant Christian Purgatory; third, if he should die before standards are necessary in South finishing the fifteen years he will be par- America. doned; fourth, he shall be regarded as tho he had been killed and had shed all Gross superstition is still culti- his blood for the holy faith; I will come vated assiduously by the Roman down from heaven to look for their souls Catholic Church in many parts of and those of their relations to the fourth South America, and it is unrebuked grade. by any large reform element. Lewis T. A. Peters, a Protestant printer of It seems incredible that such sac- Buenos Ayres, has given me a trans- rilegious twaddle is circulated in the chief city of South America, and could be believed by the masses, however deluded. This, however, is consistent with much that one sees in the churches and other sacred

I907] SOUTH AMERICA AS A MISSION FIELD

places. I myself have seen indul- the Roman Catholic churches. I gence for sin and a promise of heav- have counted more than fifty men en offered to those who will kiss the and only two or three women in littoe of a bronze statue of St. Peter tle Protestant chapels of Peru and in a South American church, a small Bolivia, and even in Argentina and reduplication of the great statue in Brazil, where Protestantism has been St. Peters' at Rome, and am assured longer established, and is better that similar notices are very com- known, and consequently where the mon. women dare to attend the services, the majority of the congregation are If Protestantism never made one men. At scores of Christian Enconvert from Catholicism, it is deavor meetings in half a dozen reneeded in South America to show publics there is this disparity of what pure, unadulterated religion women so unusual at home. really is. Indeed, its chief work is not to proselytize from the Roman If any further reasons are de- Catholic Church, but to afford a ra- manded for the peaceful invasion of tional faith for those who have left South America by Protestantism it the Roman Church and are drifting is found in the fact that Roman into the worst of all spiritual deserts, Catholics do not hesitate to send the cold and barren regions of ab- their missionaries to every Protestsolute unbelief. It can not be said ant country. America, England, that the overwhelming maj ority of Holland, even j'orway and Sweden, the people of South America are so overwhelmingly Protestant, are Roman Catholics. Most of the peo- all regarded as missionary ground by ple, to be sure, have been baptized, Roman Catholics, and it is only right and are buried by a priest, but those that on a fair field and without favor are the only occasions when many fro111 gm'ernmental authorities both have any use for him. The churches religions should have a chance to are full of women and empty of men. prove which is better fitted to the I have been in churches where I needs of the twentieth century. have seen hundreds of women worshipers and where I, a heretic in One would think that the Roman their estimation, was the only man Catholics themselves would welwithin its walls. come the coming of a strong and virile faith which has done iO much The unbelief of the men or their to purify and ennoble their own utter indifference to spiritual things, Church in all countries where Protis the greatest peril of South Amer- estantism is strong, for they themica, and if Protestantism can do selves being the witnesses, there is anything to avert this peril and stem need enough of such purification. this tide of indifferentism, it is in duty bound to do so. That the Prot- Some years ago the Bishop of estant churches do reach the men is Cochabamba, Bolivia, was asked by evident to the most casual observer. a distinguished man to retain in his Their predominance is as striking ill office a priest who had been unthe meetings of the Protestants as frocked for a very serious misdethe preponderance of the vomen in meanor. But the bishop, while ac- ceding to the request, vented his

~IlSSlO~.RY REVIEW OF THE VORLIJ l ~ ovembel'

real opinion of the priests of his dis- constantly winning its way to the trict in the following letter: hearts of the people.

I have done all in my power to pull them All the republics, except Peru, out of the cesspool of ignorance and vice. have decreed full religious liberty; … They are always the same-brutal, and the President of the Peruvian drunken, seducers of innocence, without re- republic himself told me that while ligion and without conscience. Better would the constitution of Pern was ilbe the people without them. . . . The priests liberal, the temper of the people was of these villages have no idea of God, nor very liberal to Protestantism. This of the religion of which they are the pro- I founer to be true except in such fest ministers. They never study. Their bigoted, priest-ridden cities as Aredaily round of life is first to fill their stom- quipa. achs, then the disorders of the bed, from these to the temple looking for more prey Surely the Protestant Christians of for their horrible sacrilege, then back to the Cnited States have some responlaziness, drunkenness and the awful disor- sibility for sending what they deem a ders of the bed again. You can not imag- purer Gospel to our sister republics of ine the pain these things give me. I a111 the southern part of our hemisphere. sick and tired of it al L There are excep- lYe are already a South American tions, but so very few that they are not power, as Bishop Keely in his adenough to mitigate the pain. mirable little book reminds us. Since we control the Panama Canal Signed, ALFONSO, Bishop. and the Canal Zone, five miles wide, in the Republic of Panama, which is Things have doubtless improved a South American power, we can no somewhat in Bolivia since this letter longer hold ourselves aloof from was written, but it still describes the South American affairs, 9r refuse condition in many parishes in the our share of responsibility for her remoter regions of South America, welfare. and many like testimonies could be added. In most of the South American countries the United States is hon- Enlightened Roman Catholics ill ored; in all of them she is respected; other parts of the world recognize in some she is beloved as a friend, the degeneracy of the Romish Church and, if necessary, as an ally. in South America, and doubtless deplore it profoundly. Coveting no foot of South Amer- ican territory, but desiring the best The Brighter Side good of both Americas, one duty of As, in other aspects of affairs :xorth American Protestants is to send South American, there is a hopeful side, so it is in matters religious anel to the South land the best education, ecclesiastical. There are already the best morality, the best religion signs in some places that the great which she herself possesses, for, by historic Church of South Lmerica is thus giving freely, she herself will feeling the vivifying influences of be enriched, and the ideals of both freer thought, and the larger outlook halves of the great American conof the twentieth century. The Bible tinent will be ennobled. has been widely circulated in all the languages of South America, and is

FORCES AT WORK IN THE EVANGELIZATION

OF BRAZIL BY RE'. GEO. C. LENINGTON, VIRGIKIA, ILL.

From time to time the eyes of the· increase of Evangelical Christians world are focused on the Republic of throughout the country is abo~lt three Brazil. The daily press followed Sec- thousand. The British and American retary Root fro111 city to city and Ro- Bible Societies are scattering over one man Catholic publicists have made hundred thousand copies of the Scrip- much of the elevation to the Cardinal- tures each year.

ate of Sr. Arcoverde de Albuquerque, The primary cause of this great de- Archbishop of Rio de Janeiro, the first velopment is, of course, the direct in- South American ever to receive this fluence of the Holy Spirit. exerted in honor. Christians ought to know large measure through the ordinary more of the spiritual tides in this great channels of church work and preach- republic. ing. But in addition to these, the care- The evangelical workers, who are ful observer can see the "majestic step- constantly exploring new regions, find pings" in many of the national move- that God's Word has run before them ments which can not be called directlv and large numbers are eager enquir- religious. Four of them are especially ers. Rev. H. C. Tucker, agent of the worthy of examination.

American Bible Society, speaks of a Intellectual Enlightenment trip which he took in the State of Rio de Janeiro last year. "At one town I ::one "ho are familiar with the found a 'congregation of more than memory system of education which fifty meeting regularly for worship in prevails wherever the Church of Rome a hall they had prepared and maintain has been in control of the sehools will for themselves. They have never had wonder at the fact that the most Roa pastor, and, I believe, only one or man nations are the 1110st illiterate of two ministerial visits." Audiences of modern civilized peoples. Spain, Italy hundreds greet visiting ministers in and the Latin American republics are towns where there is no regular evan- leaders in the list of untutored nations gelical work. because for centuries they have placed During the year two noteworthy their schools ill the hands of nuns and monks. The LTnited States Governgatherings have been held; one the ment learned this truth npon attemptfirst National Y. M. C. A. Convention. ing to reorganize the public school and the other the triennial meeting of the Presbyterian Synod of Brazil. At system of Porto Rico and the Transthe latter even the leaders were as- Pacific Islands. The idea of reorgantounded to find that there are in all ization Vas speedily abandoned for the branches of the Brazilian Presbyte- something entireh- different. The rian Church fully fourteen thousand lfoslem method of memorizing the members-nearly equal to the corre- Koran differed from the teaching of sponding Church of Christ in Japan. the friars only in the matter memo- The other cburches report the same rized. Vhat young man would care marvelous progress. and the year!y for study of this sort? The ambitions

youth of Brazil went to Northern Eu- inhabitants. Brazil bases her claim rope and the United States-the others to being first on her superiority of could get along in life without the as- size and her national development. sistance of the friars at the schools. This republic contains almost half of all the people in South America, and The Emperor Dom Pedro II. in- considerably over half of all its fertile stituted the new order of educational area. There consequently is growing affairs by establishing institutions of in the minds of Brazilians a feeling modern instruction, so that to-day in that they are placed in somewhat the its more favored portions Brazil has a position of larger brother to the other very complete and extensive public South American countries-a provischool system. This is due largely to dential leadership in that continent the work of the mission schools, and similar to that of the United States in these new institutions are producing the Western hemisphere. Doubtless a Brazilian race of thinkers. The for this reason Brazil seems to underwords of Martin, Bolivar and other stand most intelligently and to be most heroes in the South American wars for in sympathy with the Monroe Docfreedom, denouncing clericalism as the trine. The Third Pan-American Conmother of South America's wo, have gress held its meetings in the exquisite a new meaning to the young men. The "Monroe Palace." Sr. Joaquim Nahistory of Europe has in it much that buco, the illustrious Brazilian ministhe student can not fail to ponder over. ter at Washington, exprest the senti- Obscurantism and Ultramontanism ment of the leaders in his nation by are words often on the lips of the col- his words at Vitherspoon Hall in lege man and they have the sinister Philadelphia at a meeting in Februthreat which has ever made the Church ary of 1906. of Rome desire to place the trai,ning of her young in the hands of the So- It is necessary to the formation of an ciety of Jesus, or others of her many American consciousness that the Latin re- Orders. publics, instead of looking upon the course taken by the United States, both in .the past National Civic Awakening and the future, to uphold the Monroe Doc- trine, as in any way offensiyc to their pride Three of the great South American anel dignity, ,eize the privileg-e of supportrepublics claim to be the premier in ing it with grateful confidcnce. the galaxy of nations below the delta of the Mississippi. The men of Chili The growth of this sense of a naundoubtedly have the energy and as- tional mission to the rest of South sertiveness to deserve the title "South .merica is doing much to lead Bra- American Yankees." The Argentine, zilians to think independently of the with open prairies and climate suited powers that rule the Vatican. Their to wheat cultivation, has the largest national position on the continent is railway system on the Southern conti- well shown by many of the events durnent. Her only safe port of entry and ing recent months-success in havingexit has outstript every other city in Latin America in size. altlJo even :;;r. Arcoverde created the first South in this respect Rio de Janeiro, the capital of Brazil, is but little behind Bue- American cardinal: immediate aid for nos A vres with its nearl' one million the Chilean earthquake sufferers to the extent of a million dollars; vast im-

1907J JXDIRECT FORCES 1: THE EV"":GELIZiTIOX OF BRAZIL 81

.Iprovements of the national capital. and of morn." Ever since the city on the seven hills sent the golden eagle 'The city of Rio de .Taneiro, with its over the world as the symbol of her authority, the Latin race has been at- 860,000 souls, presents the appearance tracted by the insignia of power. Con- of a city turned over to a modern Bar- seqneiltly evangelical Christianity has 'on Haussman by another Napoleon. made but slow progress, having no Regardless of existing buildings or great central government or apparent thoroughfares, one of the widest and exterior unity. Perhaps few, if any, 1110St magnificent boulevards in the movements ill the Church promise world is being thrown across the cen- more for the growth of spiritual ter of the city. Modern docks of am- Christianity in Latin "merica than the ple capacity and convenience are ma- vision which has appeared to some of king the most beautiful bay of the the leaders of an evangelical Cathol- worlel also one of the most finely ICIsm. It will no longer present itself equipped. Sixty million dollars is the as a protest against Roman corrup- sum which Brazil sees fit to spend up- tion and false teaching; but a great, on these improvements of the metrop- powerful entity with which earnest olis which represents the nation be- souls can ally themselves. fore the world. Similar work is seen in many other parts of the land. Prompted by mnch this same spirit, the Brazilian Evangelical Church is A nation thus awakening to her high being rapidly developed. The missionrank among commonwealths is alive ary and native preacher invite the peomore and more to the secrets of civic ple to connect themselves 110t with a greatness in the leading races. And distant church in the United States, none are so blind to-day that they can but to join a Brazilian church govnot see that spiritual faith and wor- erned by themselves. The Presbyteship of the true God underlie the m(.'st rian Synod plan to carry out this idea magnificent national superstructures by organizing a General Assembly of of the age. the Presbyterian Church in Brazil. 7his body will be composed of two EViUlgelical Catholicism synods, representing seven presbyte- nes. There is no doubt that this will The attitude of the average Rom<::l have telling effect upon the enthusiasm Catholic toward Protestant Christian- of the workers, and the interest of ity is well exprest in the taunt of a those who listen to the Gospel in Brapriest in a small interior town of the zil. One of the results is already ap- United States. "Oh, you are not any- parent in a determined effort on the thing. You simply protest against the part of this Church "to preach the Church. Ve have a reality-we are Gospel in every township in Brazilsomething. You are only objectors." in the next three years." The vast bulk of the Roman Catholic Church, extending beyond all seas and The Movement Away from Rome in every clime, asserting claims that embrace the universe itself, with an or- The Latin world is to-day marked ganization that works by any method, by a very real movement toward sepprovided it be mysterious, this Church aration from Rome. It is in no small has nearly persuaded the world that she alone "holds the keys of darkness

lI:,SlO::RY REVIEW OF THE WORLD l :ovembel'

part dlle to this ehhing tide that arch- the l'eports ()f these gatherings in all hishops in the l'nited States busy the of the dailies of Sao Paulo and Rio de largest dailies Iyith accounts of the Janeiro, For the first time in history cruel persecution in France, and–ap- the merchants of the national capital peals for money to help the "Holy gave free. use of their show windows Father." Part of the same play is the for the notices of the Y. :J. C. c'l.. 'Louching declaration made by the Pope meetings, each of these with a picture -"with tears 111 his eyes "-that of ~Ir. John R. Mott. Does it not ".llerica is his only hope." Cardinal look as tho the Yatican had bestowed Gibbons' claim that only a paltry mil- its first recl hat upon South America a lion socialists are in favor of the Ro- little too late? For, the merchants anc! man Church III France becoming editors and promoters-these last fur- French, deceives no one, Spanish nished free railway anc! street cars for authorities are saying things to the the Jfethodist Conference and the Y. .atican which are very strange to the :1. C. A.-would not dare to begin Castilian language. Years ago Italy showing favors to the long overlooked appointed Garibaldi her spokesman. Evangelicals, were it not that they Ilolivia has recently enacted legisla- knew the change in the attitude of the tion which completed the separation nation toward those who claim that the of the State from the Roman Church. Church of Rome is an insincere Church This makes the last of the Latin- -has a "double doctrine." American republics to break with the ecclesiasticism which enthralled them These movements anc! forces are for so many generations. making the propagation of the Gospel in 'Brazil a work of :ioy. Returning In Brazil the movement shows itself fro111 a journey far to the interior, in many recent actions. In accord- where no Christian laborer6 had ever ance with previous custom the digni- preached, one of the missionaries tells taries of a church in the State of :Ii- of the effect being produced in Brazil nas sent to the proper authorities a re- by these forces when he writes: "I quest for a battalion of soldiers, that was astonished to meet true Christheir presence and uniforms might acid tians in many places. Young men relrit to one of the church festivals. who, because of study of the Bible and The amazement of the priests at the careful thought, had left the religion reply was so great that they put into of their fathers, and were leading what print far and near the text of the they understood was an upright life." colonel's answer that the State could Such is the growth of the Savior's not officially favor one form of relig- Kingdom in the Republic of the Southion more than another. Almost un i- ern Cross, that Mr. John R. ::Iott said versal1~' the Brazilian press praised farewell in his last public service with this stand. Again-on the occasion of these words: "Brazil, because of her the meeting of the Synod of Brazil, progress, her riches and her natural and of the Third National Y. M. C. A. beauty-and the cause of Christ, be- Convention in Rio de Janeiro-even cause of its truly wonderful advance, evangelical workers were astonished far and away surpassed my expectaat the large amount of space given to tion."

A VlLLAGE OF BrS U NEGROES IN Sl'RINAM

A JOURNEY AMONG THE BUSHMEN OF SURINAM BY R. VOULLAIRE, PARAMARIBO, DUTCH GUIANA, S. A.

It may be true that "culture makes g reat difficulties of communkation im- free," but it does not seem always true peded every step in the settlement of that freedom makes culture-at least the new territory. Efforts to penlla- the adage would sound strange in the nently settle among the maroons were "Bushland, " the Hinterland of th e thwarted by fever, and in tracing the Dutch colony, Surinam, South Amer- steps of the early missionaries we ica. F or two hundred years a free come continually upon graves in which people have inhabited that woodland, men and women of much love and be- and are to-day no less proud of their lieving courage were buried. For over freedom than the most independent twenty years evangelists have been Americans. But it is not culture that carrying forward the work, and thus has made for freedom, as the traveler some light has been carried even into sees at a g lance. The strength of the the stronghold of darkest heathenism.

fist, nerved by an uncompromising vVith the Gospel some culture was hatred of their tormentors, has in for- naturally carried into those forests and mer days procured and preserved the gave Christianity a firm er hold in the freedom for the negroes who gained heart and life of the maroons. Vhere their liberty. No power could bring possible, schools were established, and them back to bondage or stop their the masters became the pioneers of inroads into the colony. Finally peace evangelization. They were not great was made, their liberty was guaran- teachers or preachers, and their lim- teed, and it was left to them to make ited knowledge left much to be de- the best of the Hinterland which was . sired ; but the simplest elements of then almost inaccessible to the Euro- knowledge gradually found their way pean colonists. into those remote territories.

The unhealthful climate and the As inspector of mission schools, I

made an expedition not long ago in wild river. One wonders at the inde- company with my wife, going among fatigable strength of the arms and the the Bush negroes of upper Surinam. good humor of these brave boatmen. In a small steamer we left the city of By yells, songs or stories they amuse Paramaribo, and in thirteen hours, af- themselves as we slowly but sureh' ter a wearisome journey, reached Ber- continue our way, until after a fe~ jendal, on the upper Surinam Alps, the hours we reach the police station, Boextreme limit of civilization. Late at senland. Thus far the arm of the law night we went into the mission house, reaches, and we do not forget to pay and in the morning we were surprized a visit to its guardians who are, moreat the beautiful scenery which the sun- over, members of onr mission. light revealed. The house is sheltered by the so-called "Blue mountain," The people here lead a lonelv and from whose height one has a beautiful tedious life. Their main duty' is to view of a lone, quiet range of wooded supervise the gold industry. Somehills which the river cuts in different times they have other duties, but there windings. The eye enjoys the range are days in which they have nothing of hills and dreams of the beautiful whatever to do. All this could be scenes, but the hot sun reminds the remedied were it not for the sworn dreamer that he is not traveling for enemy of the Bushland, malaria fever, pleasure. which has no regard for anyone. 'vVe promised to hold a service for them The traveler in the Bushland must 011 our way back, and after a short be patient. The "Fjorkas" (negroes rest, continued on our way. belonging to the A.nkan tribe) had already presented themselves as our Hours passed and our position in boatmen on the previous evening. the boat became more intolerable. The They are well-meaning fellows, ready sight of glorious nature with its to bring us with all possible care to vegetation, flowers, plants and fruit the end of our journey. Out of love were refreshing, but our bodies felt for the cause they will be satisfied to the need of exercise and we welcomed receive for their hard work some rice, with sincere joy the indescribable salted meat and bacon. But we must tunes played on tin-pipes by our boatput up with their ways. The maroon men, as a signal that we were nearing belongs to the happy men who live the end of our journey. On the shores, without regard to time. Haste is no likewise, the pipe had caused a joyful part of his character. One must pa- commotion. Following the bend of tiently wait till one after another takes the river, a great surprize awaited us. his place in the long, narrow canoe, The school children of Koppekdmp. nntil at last we, too, take our seats be- our first station, stood there to welneath a roof of palm leaves. On come us and sang a Dutch song. Most small, thin mattresses ,ve make our- of them stood in the water which reselves as comfortable as possible, flected their colored frocks and brown knowing that this position must last or black little legs. V{ith serious many hours. One makes the best of faces and folded arms they sang as for it and leaves the dark friend the dear life, and one could feel that a harder work of struggling with the difficult piece of work was being pro- duced, especially in thp- Dutch lan-

A JOUR,EY AMO'G THE BUS1L!E' OF SURI,AM

guage, which was so embarrassing to cougregation of Christian Ankans them. Ve had hardly .landed and before 11S. welcomed them when they passed ns by laughing and shouting to announce For a long time the mission made onr arrival in the village. use of the fact that this part of the tribe in its isolated position was less In the meantimc Brother Pang Ob- dependent on the traditions of the joik, half a Chinese but a good Chris- main group. Some decades ago tian, the teacher and evangelist, wel- :YIother Hartman, a missionary macomed us ancl offered to be our tron, lived and worked among them. guide. ·With him we went up the She taught in the schools and visited principal village and made our heao- from house to house, and her name INTERIOR OF THE HOME OF BUSHMEN IN SURINAM: quarters in the roomy antechamber is still remembered among the naof the wooden church. Soon a tives. Her work and that of her Ilumerous congTegation assembled successor has 110t been without to greet us. fruits .

The sight of this congregation The next morning after our meetgreatly touched us. The tribe which ing in the chnrch some thirty-five is most inaccessible, yea, most hos- or forty boys and girls, seven to tile to Christianity, is the Ankans. fourteen years of age, gathered for I often had opportunity to become servIce. Their round faces looked acquainted with the teachers of this up on us while they watched us with nation or the Cottoa and Marowyue. their dark eyes. Ve find, at best, very few who open their hearts to the Gospel. The After my wife had made many tribe as such has thus far been un- improvements in their dresses, there 1110ved, absolutely refusing to accept were still left so many toilet prob- Christ. It was, therefore, the more lems that it seemed better to proceed pleasant to see for the first time a with the service. The main rule had been complied with at least-that

"IISST():,RY REVIEW OF THE v"ORLD r:nvember

each child had "Ollle ki1ld (If c{)Yer- but tuward fiYl~ o'clock the tempering. The children were tlltlS in de- ature was such that we were ahle to ccncy, tho suffering under the pres- assemble the congregation amI rcsure of inconvenient restraint. We port the results of the school exfirst listened to 'crses and scripture amination and exhort the parents to passages, and asked them to write cooperate, 1bout 7 o'clock we had the ten commanclments and creerl , a communion service and after thi5 lYe examined them in Bible history we went to examine some work in a and were pleased with what we clistance. heard. They then opened their readers, anrl here the efforts were On the following morning we weak; but once in a while some lit- bade farewell and, aCC0111 panied hy tle heroes were found who had mas- the song of the children, continued tered the art. To learn to read in our journey. The river was very the Bushland is indeed an art, for it rapid so that the boatmen had to not only is there the labyrinth of let- make special efforts to avoid danters and sounds which confuses the gerous rocks. After many hours we head, but there is the abundance of heard again the tin-pipe and a disnew ideas of which a maroon child tant response to signify that we has had absolutely no conception. were nearing the end of our journey, The houses, dress, utensils are ex- the Gansee congregation. A large tremely meager, and stand in no re- crowd awaited us at the landing, lation to the ideas presupposed in where eighty school children were the reading-books which know noth- gathere'd in exemplary order to weling of the life in these forests. The come us with a song. people have a better understanding of the narratives of the scriptures The history of Gansee is an uninwhich have been printerl in their terrupted chain of sufferings and own language. privations, but also of rich, divine blessinl-/s. Originally, the mission The efforts to learn the Dutch was undertaken among the negroes language must also be acknowledged. in 1763, six days' journey farther Tn all other departments progress, south from Gansee. But ~hen one tho very slow, is sure, except in missionary pair after the other sucarithmetic where no perceptible re- cumbed to the deadly climate and sults are evident. I never could get privations. the mission went to Gorrid of the idea that the maroons have jaba, which was so much nearer the their own peculiar way of figuring, city. A permanent missionary work and regard our mode as superfluous. could not be undertaken here, and At all events the grown people, tho after heavy sacrifices the Christian they never went to school, know part of the tribe went farther 110rth how to look out for their own inter- and founded Gansee about sixty ests when selling wood. years ago. In the course of time a permanent mission-house was built After having kept the children for and occupied, but finally they had to four h011rs they were dismissed, but give up the struggle with the fever our day's work was not clone, The ex- and be satisfied to visit occasionally treme noonday heat was oppressive; the congregation on the upper

JOL:R::EY ::iIO::G THE BUSHllE:: UF SCRI::.",I

rour,.;e of Surinam from Bergandal we were greeted ill Dutch. The and to make use of native help. older boys and girls ,.;11OW('<1 by their answers that their going to school The life and death of those mis- was not in vaill. 'hat surprized us sionaries have not been in vain, as 1110St was the abundance of hymns may be seen from the spirit in the and Bible verses with which they (;ansee congreg'ation. The mission- were familiar; the singing. too, was aries. who have daily to deal with an excellent. There were some who eHT variable and little trustworthy could read Dutch, !lnd the percentage population, are pleasantly affected of those able to read their Bibles in by the simple and earnest respect for the Xegro-English was very satisthe word of God. the love of the factory. tho arithmetic and penman- Church. the faithful adherence to ship leave much to he desi,ed. Four Cllstom and order. the relative in- hours having passed in examination, (lependence by which the congrega- we dismissed the children, tho some tion, often orphaned, has learned to of the little ones had sneaked away take care of its own affairs thr'ough before, and for which ve did not its elected representatives under the blame them. clirectio)1 of a president. and to arrange and harmonize differences. The rain prevented us from The attachment of these people to making a tour of inspection through the mission ane! their trust in the the large village, but from the porch missionaries are affecting. of the house we can see the different huts surronnded by fruit-trees and After a brief salutation in the shrubs, church we v,'ere surrounded by old and young, who curiously examined On Sunday a large congregation us and introduced themselves to us. worshiped in the roomy church, and The pillar of Gansee. the trustecl ad- it was pleasant to address such atviser of the congregation and the tentive hearers. ] 11 the eveniilg we missionaries is Samuel, leader of the held a communion service; on :lonmeeting and chief of the village-a day two couples were married. and good. pious, old man. modest and an extra session was held for the yet conscious of his position and benefit of children. ct last the hour responsibility. In his youth he of parting came. and accompanied helped to build Gansee. and tl1l1s he by the notes of a beautiful song, we represents the early period of the sailed down the river. The boatmen congregation. of whose history he had little trouble on the return trip can tell highly original and fasci- as the mig-hty ,.;tream hore ns along nating events. By his side was a col- rapidly, Y'e ([uickly passed Kofored schoolmaster born in the city. fickamp. stopt an hour in Bosenland to celebrate divine service. ancl in The sight of these eighty children good season safely landed in Benconducting themselves in an orderly jemlaL manner and assemblecl for assiduous work rejoices the heart and fills one Such journeys are vearying to the with good expectations for the fu- body. but they are refreshing to the ture, Yhen we commencecl an ex- spirit. ~lay God bless the congregaamination on the folIowing morning. tions on the t'pper Surinam.

RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN

BY REV. GEO. ALLEN, COCH"BAMBA, BOLIVIA Missionary of the Australian South Americau Mission Bolivia to-day has a population not to exceed three months, and a of approximately 2,000,000 people, fine of not more than one hundred among whom three societies are at Bolivian dollars. work with some sixteen missionaries. So far as the laws are con- These measures, with others whose cerned, Bolivia is open to the Gospel, tendency is in the same direction, for on September 30, 1905, Congress clearly indicate the mind of the govpassed the resolution which provided ernment and its supporters, and for the reform of Article II of the their resolution to have liberty of Constitution, so as to make it read: conscience for all alike. But, who "The state recognizes and supports are the government and its supthe Roman Catholic Church, per- porters? Such a question could mitting liberty of worship." scarcely arise in a country in which the ruling body is elected by a ma- This resolution was approved by jority of voters; at least, not as in the succeeding Congress, an election these South American republics, of half the number of Congressmen where the government comes to having taken place, as provided by power through a revolution, perhaps the Constitution itself, between the as the result of one battle, in which first passing of the reform, and its the side that has the majority may final confirmation. easily be routed.

In addition to this, those articles Statistics show that 75 per cent. of the Penal Code which provided of the population of this republic is (r) capital punishment for plotting made up of pure Indians, the reagainst the State Church, (2) two to maining 25 per cent. being whites. ":Jur years imprisonment (double if The "white" minority includes the the offender were a priest) for open- foreigners, who are not many; the ly insulting any object used in public "cholo" or half-caste class, which is worship, (3) two to four years im- numerous; and the gente decente or prisonment for throwing down, upper class, from which the bulk of breaking, or destroying any object the voters, and the whole of the Conused in public worship, and (4) a gressmen come. This latter -'class, fine of from one hundred to five hun- together with those cholos who can dred Bolivian dollars, and imprison- read and sign their names, and so ment for a term of from one month have a right to vote, form the govto one year for tumultuously gather- erning body. Considered as a whole ing to hinder public worship, have -i. e., lumping Liberals and Conbeen cut out, and in their place two servatives together into one-it is articles have been inserted, one very small; b~t when divided into dealing with offenses against the government and opposition, the State Church, the other with the same party holding the reins of governoffenses against other churches; each ment becomes insignificant indeed. providing for the punishment of said offenses by imprisonment for a term General Pando won the revolution of 1899 by inducing the warlike Ay-. mara Indians to help him, and the The cities are given over to prac- Liberals have been in authority tical idolatry. Th~ manufacture and since that year, tho their voting sale of pictures and images is run as power is probably less than that of an American house would run a new the Conservatives. As shown above, electrical apparatus-for all it is the Liberals are determined to main- worth financially. The result is the tain liberty of conscience for all same as it has always been when alike. The Conservatives would that is done; the mass of the people compel every conscience in Bolivia, have become like their idols: "eyes if they had the power to do so. have they, but they see not; they have ears, but they hear not." A revolution at present would, I believe, have little hope of success, The most flagrant cases of lying, and as the rising generation is large- hypocrisy, fraud, and immorality do ly Liberal, the Clerical party is fair- not produce more than a passing relyon the down grade, with no hope mark, a shrug of the shoulders, or a of ever being able to arrest the decay. laugh. There is no attempt to cleanse the Church, or to correct evil. The Re1igion and Morals effort, if any is made, is to cover it up; and to that end the confessional Roman Catholicism has reigned is admirably adapted. According to supreme in Bolivia for nearly four the police returns, seventy human centuries. If ever any religion has lives were taken by violence in one had an opportunity to prove its year, in this city, which has 22,000 power in a fair field, Romanism has inhabitants. According to an article had that opportunity here. The re- published by a local physician, 25 sult is an utter failure to develop per cent. of the inhabitants suffer moral Christians. The host of the from sexual disease. (so-called) sacrament, and ugly images, take the place of the Lord According to the report of the Jesus Christ, and are called "The local representative of the Govern- Lord." The priest examines the ment Agricultural Department on conscience; penance takes the place the manufacture of "chicha" (an inof repentance; so-called sacraments, toxicating drink), "60 per cent. of which are said to "communicate the corn produced in this province, grace," take the place of regenera- which is the granary of Bolivia, is tion and the indwelling of the Holy used in the manufacture of this Spirit; the intercession of Mary and drink; and the quantity produced is the "saints" takes the place of that sufficient to keep one-third of the inof Christ; the "ego te absolvo" of habitC!.nts drunk continuously, day the priest takes the place of "the for- and night, all the year round." givenness of sins" as we understand it, "according to the riches of His As to the hygienic conditions, grace." So that there appears to be these may be imagined by a mono room for the Holy Spirit. nor any ment's reflection on the municipal place for the Living Savior in Roman statistics for 1906, in which the Catholicism as it is taught and prac- number of deaths exceeds the numtised in Bolivia. ber of births by nineteen. The fig- ures are: births, 1.497; deaths, 1,516.

~llSSlO~ARY REVlEW OF THE WORLD I X

1tough t to be added that this is per- carried on in Santa Cruz, and in this haps the dirtiest city in Bolivia. province. in a quiet way. The kid- napped are taken down to the Beni ,,'ill anyone who may read these to work at the rubber trade. I have few statistics, to which many more, been told that the value of a man ill equally appalling, might be added, the Beni is about $2,500 (Bolivian be satisfied to consider them as fruits 1I10ney). and the 'alue of a woman of Christianity? Yet people will about $3.000. have it that Romanism is a form of Christianity, and that other lands The Roman bishop of this provshould be evangelized before South ince, in a pastoral letter to his America is touched. Even if it is clergy, in which he advocated unidenied that these are the results of fonnity of race and religion as the Roman Catholic influence, it is at ideal of national happiness, said: least true that the papacy has 110t "Unfortunately, we have in our land corrected theSe evils. various races that can not be fused into one, and that will most assured- The Race Question ly not be so fused in many centuries to come." This is rather a bad con- This is a difficult problem in fession of the utter lack of power in Bolivia. The Indians make up 75 that religion which he would estabper cent. of the population. The lish, to the exclusion of all others; cholo (mixed blood) class is numer- but it also reveals the latent enmity ous and vicious, ignorant and fanat- against the Indian, even in the ical. The gellie decente have a full clergy, who, instead of considering meed of Spanish pride; they treat him as a son, making him feel that the cholo as an underling, and the he is a member of the Bolivian Indian as a dog. family, and educating him for that position, look upon him rather as an Several customs illustrate the alien and a burden. value placed on the Indian. For instance, the hire of a mule wherewith After setting forth the enniity to travel, is twenty cents a league. shown by the Indian toward the The hire of the Indian who accom- white man, the bishop concludes panies the traveler in order to bring with the phrase: "The Indian is our back the animal, is ten cents a 'proceso.''' literally a criminal law league, or half the price of the mule. suit, evidently meaning an intermin- able trouble. The phrase might 'When an estate is sold, the value read: "The Indian is our endless of the land is fixt at so much, and burdell." the total value of the estate, over and above that amount, varies as the The Quechuas and Aymaras are "colollos" (Indians, who are in much semi-civilized, and form the most the same position as the old Irish 11 umerous section of the Indian poptenants) are few or many. Thus the ulation. The fonner are a very in- Indians are practically sold with the dustrious, quiet, humble people, and estate. there is real affection between the mel1l bers of the family. The latter Kidnapping. another evidence of are 1110re turbulent. sterner and diffithe esteem in which the white man holds the Cholo and the Indian. is

PIU:SEXT RELIGIOUS COXDlTlOiS IX

cult to manage. They are also in- soon after by the British'and Fordustrious and powerful physically. eign Society's men. Since that time missionaries. have come, stayed a Apart from these. there are many while, and then retired; until about tribes still in their primitive savage nine years ago, when the Canadian state.* The latest government maps Baptists came, and soon afterward ~'ive the 'names of various tribes. the Methodist represen ta ti ve, both some of which come into contact having apparently come to stay, the with the civilized barbarism of the Deni. tho most of them are living as far from the white man as they can.

To overcome the unwillingness of the whites to permit the enlightenment of the Indian, and the strong opposition of the prie'st to his even hearing the Gospel. and to persuade the Indian himself that there is hope for him still. tho not in the priest or his image worship, is a difficult task; but it can and must be clone. vVho will join with tiS and reverently say, in the name of the Lord of Hosts, it shall bc donc?

Gospel Work TWO QeEClIUA I~DJA.NS There are those who object to the Australasian South American ~lis­ term "The Neglected Continent" as sian joining them in H)03. applied to South America. The Bible Societies have been at work Setting aside our short stay here, on the continellt for well on toward and giving the Baptists and Methhalf a century, and have done noble odists their clue for the work they work. The Methodist Episcopals have done. it has still to be coniest and Presbyterians have been on the that the beginning made is very East coast, and on parts of the yVest small indeed. And whatever may be coast for many years. But Bolivia said of the republics that have a long is the republic for which they have coast line. it remains quite true of been able to do least. Ilolivia that she is "neglected" by the Church of Cod. Over twenty years ago the agents of the American Bible Society came tlp through this land. to be followed * Toward the north.: The Yuracarcs. Mosetenes, Chimancs, Huacanahuas, Tiatinahuas, Huachiparis, Sirineiris, Inaparis, J..Iascos, Sirionos, Huarayos, Penoquit'~s, Potoreras, Paullacas, Sarabecas, Cayuvabas, Henes, Sansimonianos (called so probably from the river San Simon, ou which they live), the lfovimos, and Chacobo!'>. Toward the south: The Chirigua1los, Yanahuas, Zalllllcos, Chamacocos, Lenguas, llabyas, Tohas, lIatacos, Noctenes, Chorotes, Hnisnais, Tapietes, I-Iuaicllr(ls, e tc,

1IISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [?' o v e m b e r

At the present time four centers four or five new workers, and taking are occupied by missionaries: La fresh heart after several years of Paz, Oruro, Cochabamba and Uyuni. trying experiences. Other North The work they carryon is entirely American churches might, with adamong the whites. A few conver- vantage to themselves, follow their sions, none too satisfactory in char- example. This is their "Judea and acter, several outbursts of persecu- Samaria," which they have no right tion, and much disappointment to to neglect, while carrying the Gospel the workers, have been the results to "the uttermost parts of the earth." of their efforts, so far. Perhaps their The taking over of the "Collegio presence may have influenced the Bolivar" in Oruro by the Methodists, government somewhat in the matter and the establishing of all American of the reform granting liberty of Institute by them in La Paz, are worship; their prayers certainly movements as yet in their beginhave; while the network of railways, nings, and it is quite impossible to which an American company is predict what their future will be. building, has undoubtedly helped. vVe ask for the prayers of God's The college work of the Canadian people for a land that verily "sitteth Baptists in Oruro has borne more in darkness and in the shadow of fruit, and shown more promise, death ," and especially for the Induring the past two years than for- dians; and commend to the Northmerly. The beginning of I907 finds ern churches the work of their evanthem, and the Methodists, .entering gelization-a great work, lying at on a forward movement, cach with their door, and awaiting attention.

SOUTH AMERICANS WHn :-;EED THI!J G()l'>PEI~

NOTABLE CONVERSION OF A PRIEST

CARACAS. VENEZUELA m: T I U :O. S. POND, CRACAS, VENEZUEL.

On the 23d of March, 1907, the ex- abjured the errors introduced by men priest, Sr. Pedro G. Mitjans, of Spain, into the pure faith, and thus, with his made formal and public profession of hand upon the Bible, he made the sol- his faith in Christ in the chapel of the emn confession of his own faith, be- Presbyterian Mission in Caracas, Ven- fore the church. So notable a conver- ezuela, and was received into the mem- sion was not to be allowed to pass bership of that church. Sr. Mitjans without the customary manifestations was· born in the province of Catalufia, on the part of the clergy. His broth.

and was educated in primary am'

higher schools. He was graduated in philosophy, mathematics, rhetoric and theology, and after obtaining his de- grees, he was invited to a professor- ship in Bolivia, South America. Hav- ing received the order of the cliacon- ate, he was ordained to the priesthood in I904, and was invited by the differ- ent bishops to preach in Chili, Peru, and the Argentine. In Buenos Ayres his Lenten Discourses were delivered in the aristocratic church "Carmelo,"

and received the warmest encomiums from the principal dailies of that cap- ital, where he was regarded as "the first orator of the Atlantic coast." ..• Sr. Mitjans, by a train of events, small in themselves, but evidently of providential ordering, was led at once on his arrival in Caracas to enter the chapel of the Presbyterian Mission in Caracas. He had not declared his in- tention to anyone, but while sitting SENIOR MITJANS IN PRlEST'S COSTUME there, reflecting on the inconsistencies of the Church of Rome.· and almost ers became his enemies, but had abso- wavering as to his decision, a hymn lutely 110 accusation to bring against was read from the pulpit. and lec! his life in the Roman Church. On him to resolve to leave Rome and to leaving forever the universal corrup- cleave to the simple Gospel of Christ. tion of the clergy-especially that of He said significantly: "I wish to sep- Sta. Marta, where he had held a po- arate from the Church of Rome as far sition of much importance, he left be- as it has departed from the Church of hind him a name -absolutely free from the Apostles." Then, one by one, he stain. Xot only so, but he bore ofti-

cial autograph letters containing en- ter of the United States was absent. comiums of his superiors and of the There was no authority to which Sr. pupils and their parents, as well as of Mitjans could appeal in support of his the officers of the State, in whose vigorotts protest that he was not a "Lyceum" for higher education he priest and did not enter the country had spent many months. as such. The missionaries at Caracas, after consultation with Sr. Mitjans, But altho Sr. Mitjans arrived in concluded to send him to their breth- Caracas not as an ex-priest, but with ren in Porto Rico. There he was ina passport from Colombia, of "In- troduced to our missionaries and from structor" (Professor), and in citizen's them received a hearty invitation to dress, yet the letters from the bishop take part in the educational work, but of Sta. Marta had followed him, and on visiting the mission of his fellow an effort was made by the Capuchins countryman, Rev. Manuel Ferrando, of Caracas to have an interview with near the city of Ponce, he preferred him, as the bishop is of the same order to identify himself with that work. as these three Capuchins here acting Similar experiences in the same disas priests. This interview was de- tricts of Colombia, and in connection clined, and then began the execution with the same mission, had led both of a plot to expel Sr. Mitjans from Sr. Mitjans and Mr. Ferrando to come Venezuela. . . . No accusation could out of Rome into the light. He has be breathed against him, for the high- thus found work and conditions which est encomiums, signed and sealed by he says brings him "nearer heaven the clergy and the officers of State than he has ever known before." in documents (both autograph and printed), were in his possession, so Soon after his arrival in Caracas, that "not a dog could move his tongue Sr. Mitjans received an autograph letagainst him." ter from the bishop of Sta. Marta, urg- ing him to return, and offering to But certain men are clever in hatch- rnake him his pri'vate secretary, with ing mischief, altho slow to do good. emoluments. and perquisites over and These Capuchins put the case before above a very satisfactory salary for the venal men in power, as being cov- any ambitious cleric. Moreover, this ered by a recent law against the ad- very office of confidential secretary mission of any representative of any opens the way to gains material and foreign clerical order. Romanists have to honors of promotion, with all their the fixt idea that "once a priest, al- influence in all affairs of the diocese, ways a priest," hence Sr. Mitjans was great and small. In a word, there was a priest in disguise, and, therefore, to opened to him the career which most be expelled from the country. He was flatters and entices a young and gifted given notice to leave within fifteen ecclesiastic of Rome. But Sr. Mitjans da ys. He made preparations to com- gave not an instant to the consideraply with the order, as Spain has no tion of this proposition. minister in Venezuela, and the minis- THE ' ~ SOUTHERN CROSS~' AT A'NCHOR, LILITRIGUA Tile Mission Ship of the Melanesian Mission, Church of England OUR MISSIONARY MARINE SERVICE BY V. F. PENROSE Vhen Captain Cook sailed across England's missionary society work the Pacific he carried in sealed for the heathen. Carey's letters from orders, altho unknown to him, the India were read to a few other mincommand: "Prepare ye the way of isters and led to the formation of a the Lord." Unwittingly, he was the society for non-Baptists, the London forerunner of the Gospel. His voy- :Iissionary Society, in 1794. "For the ages and his remarkable book, de- first time Christians of all denominascription of his travels, roused Eng- tions, forgetting their party prejland's interest in the people of the mlices and partialities, assembled in Pacific. His ship Endeavor went to the same place, sang the same hymns, Tahiti, in 1768, to observe the transit united in the same prayers, and felt of Venus, and twelve years later he themselves one in Christ. This was murdered by the natives who unanimity of spirit, which time has had at first looked on him as a god. served to strengthen, is found em- bodied in th~ constitution of the The following year (in 1781), society which has remained un- ~Willial11 Carey began his work of c b a n g e d ." arousing his ministerial brethren to give the Gospel to the heathen. He Cook's "Narrative of Voyages in had read Cook's famous "Voyages," the Pacific Ocean" stimulated also and wished to go either to Tahiti or Rev. Mr. Haweis of Aldwinkle, whose to Africa. Jonathan Edward's Life address, delivered at Surrey Chapel, of David Brainerd intensified this drew such a picture of the dark desire, and at last (in 1792) the places that the directors decided to Baptist Missionary Society began establish a mission in Tahiti, Much hard work had to be done, but the The sphere of the mission was to energy and zeal of the missionary be "Otaheite, the Friendly Islands, society vanquished every difficulty. the Marquesas, the Sandwich and When they appealed for mission- the Pelew Islands." Returning he aries the first volunteer was Captain was to call at the East India Com- James Wilson.* He had been "saved pany's Canton factory for a return as by fire," but immediately after his cargo so as to sail back to Europe conversion from arrant skepticism in the early part of I798. It was he placed himself, his fortune and pronounced necessary to establish all his marvelous experiences at the the Gospel in one island, tho de- J.isposal of the society. After selling sirable to introduce it into several.

:1;S place "Horndean" in Hampshire Two women presented a brass e purchased the ship Duff for five 'plate to this missionary ship. On it 'lOusand pounds, and at the age of was inscribed: "See that ye fall not :.;rty-six sailed for the South Seas. out by the way" (Gen. 45: 24), and I t is singular that his last voyage "Fear thou not; for I am with thee: :lOme had been on the very ship on be not dismayed; for I am thy God: which John Thomas was surgeon, I will strengthen thee; yea, I will the first of medical missionaries, help thee; yea, I will uphold thee who drew Villiam Carey to India, with the right hand of my righteous- but all his persuasiveness had only ness" (Isa. 4I : IO).

confirmed Vilson in his infidelity. Thus sailed this ship, the first to Captain Wilson received a letter take light to Pacific darkness, not to of instruction from the directors of carry debaucheries unspeakable to the London lIissionary Society, people already debased unspeakably, saying that he was to proceed to and yet more than decimated by Portsmouth, joining the East India evil-minded traders and sailors of convoy there, for protection in that every nation. Thirty missionaries time of war; at Teneriffe four pipes sailed on that seven months' voy- of the best wine in hogsheads were age. There were children, too. One to be procured; and to take thence baby, six weeks old, who was left bunches of grapes, dried, for planting behind, came out twenty years later.

in mission settlements, and pecks of This baby was John Williams, the wheat and seeds of tropical fruits. famous missionary. They sailed for At Rio Janeiro he was to lay in a Tahiti where the people had forty stock of sugar, tobacco, chocolate, words for' murder and not one for cochineal plant, and other vegetable any kind of goodness. Sixteen years products. The cargo was worth the missionaries waited before they $34,000. If baffled by contrary winds heard the first voice in prayer, the he was to run for the Cape of Good voice of a little lad. Vhen finally Hope instead of proceeding by way baptism could be administered, it of Cape Horn to Tahiti. was uecessary to give new names to *A thrilling acconnt of his life has recently all, for their own exprest such ideas connected with their own vile customs. appeared in the MISSIONARY REVIEW, and is also in .. The Pacific Islanders "-Funk & Wagnalls The next missionary ship appears Company.

1']07J OUR I1IISSIO':':ARY :l:REE

to have been The M csscnger o/l'i!ace, recturs uf the Missionary Society, built by that wonder of missionaries, "for, by its means, useful property John Williams, in 1827. He had ap- will come to our lands, and our pealed in vain to the directors to bodies be covered with decent cloth. supply him with a ship, if only to But there is another use of this ship, keep away the trading-vessels which when we compassionate the little he called "the very arks of Satan." lands near to us, and desire to send He had purchased in Sydney the them the Gospel of Jesus Christ, the Endeavor, a schooner of eighty or Good vVord of the Kingdom." ninety tons, for trade between the No fewer than one hundred and THI3; "mrs,"' UNITED PRESBYTERIAN MISSIO'S BOAT ON THE NILE islands and 1ew South Wales, him- fifty plantations were more or less self guaranteeing the salary of a cultivated when the Endeavor sailed man to teach the natives the profit- with her first cargo. Three or four able cultivation of sugar and tobac- tons of salt had been prepared by co. The natives called it the BegiJl- the natives. Much gloom was thus ning. He loaded her with shoes, averted in 1822. But selfish merc!oth;ng, and tea, for the Raiateans, chants had induced the Governor of and the Governor of K ew South New South vTales to put a duty vTales added several cows and sheep upon the South Sea tobacco, vvhich as presents for chiefs. seriously affected also the new in- dustries of sugar growing, trading Tamatoa, the king, was much in coconut oils, pearl shells, and gratified at sight of the ship. "A other articles. SilY'l!ltaneously Mr. ship is good," he wrote to the di-

vViliiams received a letter from the fully examined every part of the directors, censunng his purchase. boat. His minute powers of observa- Calling the chiefs around him, they tion and his trained memory now at once determined to freight the enabled him without even the nec- Endeavor with native produce and essary tools in less than three sell her in Sydney for whatever months to construct a ship of seventy amount in the altered circumstances or eighty tons. His bellows having they could obtain. He felt keenly been destroyed by rats almost as the folly of this course. "Satan knew soon as completed, he contrived a well that this ship was the most wooden box that threw wind as a fatal weapon ever formed against his pump throws water,' and with this interests in the great South Sea," he machine he made all the iron-work remarked, "and, therefore, as soon requisite. The timbers were fastened as he felt the effects of its first blow, mostly by long wooden pins. "Why he wrested it out of our hands." did we not think of heating the hard stuff," the natives exclaimed when For how many generations this they saw the welding of iron, "inshort-sighted policy has been ad- stead of beating it with stones.?" vocated by missionary boards, bringing a harvest of hor"rors from vile "Trust and try" was William's traders, the worst stumbling-blocks motto. With the proceeds of his to many native Christians! charming book, "Missionary Enter- prises in the South Seas," he pur- A missionary ship ,villiams must chased another missionary ship, the have if the islands were to have the Ca1tlden, also soliciting funds, and Gospel. In 1827 he visited Rara- devoting the balance of his $20,000 tonga, a twelve months' visit. He earnings to a Polynesian college. had wanted to visit the Samoan On April 11th, 1838, he set sail, and Islands. His wife objected to such on the 20th of November, 1839, he long absence. Afflicted by a serious left her' decks to set foot on Erroillness, she concluded it was sent as manga, where he met his tragic fate. punishment for her opposition to her husband's wishes, and at once said: The John Williams was given by "From this time your desire has my the Sunday-school children of Engfull concurrence; and, when you go, land for the London Missionary I shall follow you every day with Society, and her annual circuit of the my prayers, that God may preserve islands, 15,000 miles, was truly a you from danger, crown your at- "great voyage." tempt with success, and bring you back in safety." The Allen Gardiner missionary schooner set sail for the land of Cap- "As he was never more himself tain Allen Gardiner's brief term of than when circumstances demanded work, Tierra del Fuego, in 1854, one an unusual amount of skill and of the Falkland Islands being the labor," no ship having visited Rara- station chosen as the chief one. tonga for some months, he deter- Bishop Stirling did his grand work mined to build a vessel. He had no by her aid. knowledge of ship-building, but on his voyage out in 1816 he had care- In 1854 the children of Amfj~ica were called on by Titus Coan to

OUR MISSIONARY }IARINE

AMERICAN BOARD STlCAlfER Il.MORNUiG STAR :iO. 5," )lICRONESIA build the M orlling Star, and $46,000 miniature rounds, and later were were raised. eoan's motto may well succeeded by larger and finer vesbe said to be his words: "Lord, send sels, until finally, steamers like the me where Thou wilt, only go with John Williams and the lv[or1l1:ng Star, me." As one brave little boat after the latest and best equipped of the another met her fate on cruel reefs, fleet, were commissioned. At present ~tI1other was built, until the fifth the circuit compassed in a season by Morning Star recently steamed on these missionary cruisers is from her way to Hawaii and the Caroline 15,000 to 20,000 miles. Islands. A missionary who lived many Doctor Dennis says that the whole years in Micronesia tells how the vast archipelago of the South Pacific most joyous days of his life were has been taught the true benefits of those when the Morning Star hove human intercourse by the recurring in sight. In almost breathless susvisits and the kindly ministrations pense the spy-glass is directed to the of the missionary ships. The little far-off vessel. The white flag shows sailing craft, like the Messenger of it is the M oming Star. Peace, the Haweis, the Endeavor, the Olive Branch, and the Camden-some 'Whom will they greet on board, the of which were built in the first same kind captain or some new face? qu~ rter of the last century by the What missionaries will they bring to missionaries themselves-began thei r help them? What will they hear of fathers and mothers, brothers and sis- ters? Arc they yet alive? Then when

the vessel arrives there is the mail-bag rang out as if to consecrate the with letters from many friends who have achievement to the glory of God; remembered them in their loneliness. and thus it has transpired with the They have hardly time to think of the passing of these thirty eventful good things to eat; the flour and salt years." beef and potatoes (they have had none for months); the watermelons, bananas, The description of how one boat oranges and jars of jelly and cans of was carried to its inland waters furfruit which loving friends (God bless nishes much interest. It was built them!) have sent to them. The new in sections, shipped from England to clothes and shoes, too, are worth thinking the East coast of Africa, then cqrried of, were there 110t so many things of on men's shoulders eight hundred more value. The captain and friends miles to Ujiji, on Lake Tanganyika. visit the little schools or attend worship This was an undertaking of great in the chapel. In due time the supplies difficulty, for the huge pieces of steel are landed, tl~email to friends at home might easily have been lost in some put on board, and the Morning Star takes African swamp or river. Captain her leave, to be absent many long Hare thus described the way they months. carried the little Morning Star (Nyota :)'a Assabui) , in r883, across Mrs. John G. Paton wrote from the Malagarasi River, sixty miles the New Hebrides: below Ujiji, with its vast swampy shores: If the Day Spring has been prized by the missionaries when all went well with After wading through the tall grass, them, how their hearts have gone out in higher than their heads, and sometimes gratitude to God when the little white- in water to their waists, for more than winged messenger of mercy has been half a mile, they reached the proper river seen approaching at a time of sickness hank. Here boats were waiting, secured or danger.. I know of at least two moth- with much delay and difficulty from the ers in this mission who have gone to the native chiefs, all the odds and ends of shores of their lonely island day after cloth being used up for fare. The camp day with aching hearts and strained eyes, equipage and other baggage were taken to catch the least little speck of hope on across first, and the precious sections of the horizon-for their babies were lying the Morning Star left for the last. For so sick that they feared they might die these, two of the l·argest canoes, twentyere the Day Spring came! two feet long, built of a single piece of bark, pinched together at the ends, were In Africa a whole fleet of boats taken, and two stout poles laid across sails her lakes, rivers, coasts-carry- them, tightly lashed on, upon which one ing heralds of the Cross. The pioneer boat section at a time was placed, and so of navigation on the inland lakes was all were safely carried over. One hunthe little !lala. In October, r875, she dred days after leaving Sandani on the steamed from the Shire into Lake coast, the caravan arrived at Ujiji. Here Nyassa "with the members of the they set to work at once to put the vessel Livingstonia Mission on board. The together and launch it upon the lake. significance of the events so deeply imprest those present that all hands The Ilala was the predecessor of gathered aft for a brief season of the Morning Star on Lake Tanganworship. Steam was shut off, and yika, in 1883, and of the Good News, the vessel floated calmly and silently which followed on the same lake, in on the waters, while the noble Psalm, r885, and also of the Dais)' and Elea- 'All people that on earth do dwell,'

H)07i OUR MISSIQKARY MARINE

!lor 011 the Victoria Nyallza. 111 the has sailed back and forth from Eng- Western waters, not far from the land to those bleak shores since 177L same date, the Peace and the Good Twelve different ships have been in Will entered the Kongo, to be fol- use, five named The HarmO/z)'. AIl lowed in recent years by the Lapsley have been sailing vessels, but the last and the Livingstone. The flala and has auxiliary steam-power. the lYforning Star were the pioneers of a fleet of from thirty to forty On that same bleak coast now sails steamers now navigating the waters during the five or six months of unof Nyassa and Tanganyika.* frozen water, the Strathcona, the splendid medical boat that Dr. Wil- A few years ago the entire mis- fred T. GrenfeIl uses in his labors for sionary fleet in all parts of the world the Master. His life-verse is: "Teach was said to number sixty-seven ves- me to do the thing that pleaseth Thee." sels. There have been additions In the "Toilers of the Deep" is a desince then. scription of his noble work: The children of the United Pres- Doctor Grenfell, in short, acts as guide, byterian Church of Scotland gave philosopher and friencl to all the people up the John Williams for the Calabar and down the coast; his memory of faces coast, and the children of the Pres- and people, together with their individual byterian Church of the United States needs and requirements, is simply phenombnilt and ran the ship N aSSGlt tiIl the enal, and most of the residents are known launch Dorothy, given in memory of to him personally, not only the fishermen, a little child, took her place on the but the Hudson Bay Company's people. 'vVest coast of Africa. The Moravian brethren at the six stations, and the hundreds of Eskimos 011 the coast, The Sunday-school children of Eng- are all on the lookout for his visit; and land gave the money for the John many an Esquimo did we doctor during my vVillia11ls sent to the South Seas by eight weeks' stay. the London Missionary Society, and $29,000 in addition for missionary And so we take the Eskimos under our ships. The Day Spring used in the medical wing also; and in many other ways New Hebrides Mission was given by have they received a helping hanel from the the children of Australia, a-t a cost of Deep Sea Mission. It may not seem much on paper, but you can imagine the difference $25,000. it must make to the 1,200 Eskimos, scattered up and down the coast, to have a doctor The Church Missionary Society has visiting them. To see the friendly haste the Henry Venn for exploration up with which they come rushing 011 board on the Niger VaIley and up the Binue. his arrival, you would think they were going The same Society has a medical niis- to eat him. sion boat on the Nile. They have another on Victoria Nyanza. Along the CDasts and up the rivers of Siam sails the Kala11la:::oo that en- Labrador was reached by Jens ables Rev. Eugene P. Dunlap to make Haven in 1765. Grants of land were his marvelous tours. He is a physician made to the Moravians by George IlL, without a diploma, having curec1many, in 1769, and a missionary ship, with- vaccinated hosts, as well as preached out a single fatal accident recorded, the Gospel in prisons, palaces. market- places, wherever he goes. Now Doctor *DoctOT Dennis in Christian Missions and Social Bulkley accompanies him on his tours Progress. and dispenses medicine while his dis-

tinguished companion attends to the fleets of junks and sampans teemother needs. This is a Presbyterian ing with the brown-skinned natives, boat, given by the children of Kala- among a parish of a million and a half mazoo, Michigan. in three hundred and fifty villages, the American Baptist Missionary Society They have another boat supported sails the ship Good News under Capby the young people, Aug Mabuting tain Fickel. This is the opportunity Balita, or Good News, a gasoline of one man. launch, that has begun a splendid work on Laguna de Bay, a large lake This glimpse of Ollr missionary just east of Manila. Rev. and Mrs. marine service shows some of the J. E. Snook itinerate among twenty- needs for Christian work on the seas five cities, not one of which has a place and some of the attempts to meet the in which to sleep, or to buy clean, need. Let us all pray as never before wholesome, safe food, or to get a drink for all Ollr traders, sailors, captains, of water safe from cholera or dysen- merchants, so many of whom devastate tery, or to afford a bath or chance to and degrade wherever they go, rechange one's clothes. The launch en- garding the natives only as fair sport, ables one worker to do the work of their lawful prey. I t remains for two or three men among those many Christian governments, merchants people eager for the Gospel. and missionaries to remove such a hlot frolll the scutcheon of Christen- On the Inland Sea of Japan, with dom. countless islands. mountain crowned.

SUNDAY-SCHOOl, CHILDREN C?N THE PRESBYTERIAN MISSION LAUNCII "LAGUNA," PHILIPPINE ISLANDS

MORAVIAN SllIP .. HARMO:""Y." FAST I~ THE ICE, OFF

MISSION SHIPS I N TH E _~RCTIC AND TN THE TROPICS

CAMPAIGNING IN THE

IlY DAVID M'CONAUGHY Forward Movement Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, New York With the foresight of a veritable bursive, the other educative and accuprophet President Francis ·Wayland mulative. If almost the entire attensaid many years ago; "The tendency tion is concentrated upon the former will be more and more for churches to function, what wonder if deficits return over their missionary obligation sult and the whole work be hindered? to societies, for societies to tum it over to boards, for boards to turn it over Happily of late in some of the to executive committees and executive boards, increased attention has been committees to secretaries; so that in turned to developing the resources at the last result the chief responsibility the home end. In several of the boards, for the great work will rest on the home departments have been develshoulders of a dozen men." AdoniraIIl, oped, headed by secretaries wh; are Judson Gordon pointed out very much selected with reference to their ability the same thing when, shortly before to set in motion the forces that are to his departure he said, "The greatest produce both the men and the money problem which confronts us for the for the great undertaking. A statesopening century is that of distributing man-like program has been evolved, the missionary responsibility which has ecclesiastical machinery set in motion, become conjested in official circles." the leaders in both pulpit and pew This centripetal tendency has of late called together to study the dis-. been more and more corrected by the tinct missionary responsibility of the counterforce which is tending to dis- Church and the whole· rank and file tribute responsibility throughout the summoned to a new sense of obliga- Church. tion to carry out the Great Commis- sion as speedily as possible. The missionary enterprise is simply the projection of the Q1t1rch of Christ It is interesting to note how closely "unto the uttermost part of the earth." the plans that are now evolving re- The instrumentality employed for this semble those which that great missionpurpose may be likened to a cantilever ary statesman, Alexander Duff, anticbridge, with one arm extending over ipated some seventy years ago. When the seas, where multiform agencies are on his way home from India for his accomplishing magnificent achieve- first furlough, his active mind was ments and with another arm reaching busy on shipboard working out the into the churches at home, where every problem, "How," as he said, "not only congregation is supposed to supply a the Church, but all Scotland could be cord and each individual member a organized for the· permanent and prostrand in the great cables which anchor gressive support by prayer and by the enterprise, while the board consti- knowledge, by men and by money, of tutes the pillar upon which it is largely the missionary work in India." The made to turn. solution, he believed, lay in visiting and addressing all the presbyteries of The mission board has mainly two the Church in detail. Soon he had functions: one administrative and dis- set about putting his plan in operation,

beginning' in the presbytery of Lon- erature, the missionary library, period- don, "where he had the satisfaction icafs, pamphlets, the monthly mission- ere long of seeing every church con- ary meeting, special sermons, mission stitute itself into a missionary society." study classes, prayer, and the financial Vithin about six months he had vis- outcome.

ited every presbytery from the Sol- If the spiritual motive be not lack- way Firth to the mainlancl of Ork- ing and the educational process faith- ney, with the result that the mission- fully employed, the financial result is ary revenue rose from £1,200 to £7,- sure to follow. Hence the latter is 589; this was in 1838. treated as of the nature of effect rather unawares of this chapter of history, than cause. Gradually there has been lines quite similar to these of Duff evolved this scriptural program which have been worked out by the Board is now being put before the churches: of Foreign Missions of the Presbyte- rian Church in the u. S. A. Cam- paigns have been conducted in vari- I 1ft is toe mission of rbe 1OOI.bole ous sections of the country during the <rourcb to gi"e tbc Gospel to rbe past two years, in connection with the 1OOI.oole 1OOI.orl~. Forward l1ovement. The plan contemplates a one-day conference at a II rbls entire <routcb being R .mIssion::: central point in a presbytery, to which ar)2 Soclet)2, eacb member of rbe are invited the pastor and at least one :fI3o~)2 is un~er co"enant to oelp fulfil elder, delegated from the session of tbe wiII of rbe "'ea~: to gl"e tbc Gospel to e"er)2 creature.

each church. III )5"er)2 <rbrlstlan Is comman~e~ to In the morning session, attention is "Go," If not In person, tben poten::: tlaII)2, ba"ing a soare b)2 gift an~ turned to a statesman-like presenta- pra)2cr in supporting R ~atisb tion of the field abroad, one or two Rbroa~, as well as rbe ~arisb at missionaries setting forth each his own "'omc. particular field in broad outline, after which the horizon is widened to take IV il'ur (lif"fng shouI~ be an Ret of 1OOI.or::: in the entire field occupied by the sbip (~tO". itt. 9), <rbeerful 12 church. After each presentation an <rOt. tx. 7), an~ accorNng to the 'Rule of ttbree (1 <rOt. x"i. 2): opportunity is given for questions. ":Let e"er)2 one of In the afternoon session, considera- . )2ou tion is given to the forces of the home 1a)2 b)2 htm in church for effecting the evangelizaticn of the field abroad, namely: (1) S)2stemattcaU)2 store on thc The Board; (2) the ~lissionary; (3) jfirst ~a12 of the 'Ie Synodical and Presbyterial Com- weelt Proportionatel)2 Rs Gob oatb pros::: pereb bim."

:itlecs; (4) the Local Church. The ";Teater part of the afternoon is spent After the leaders have thus been in a careful consideration of the work enlisted and put into intelligent touch of the missionary committee of the lo- with the program, they go back to cal church, on both the eclucational and their churches to prepare the way for financial sides. This includes: corre- the visitation which follows. The plans spondence with the Parish Board, lit- having been carefully laid well in ad-

MISSIONARY CAMPAIGNING IN THE

vance by the Presbyterial committee, a Club, the Sunday-school, the Young force of missionary speakers is sent People's Society, the Voman's Misforth, each one being given a route so sionary Society, as well as the session as to reach a different church each or whatever body is responsible for day with the exception of Monday, the spiritual leadership of the church. which is reserved for rest. Usually To this committee is entrusted the su- Sunday is greatly preferred, but as pervision of the missionary interests, there are not enough Sundays to go both home and foreign, on both the around, it is necessary, in order to cover the churches of a presbytery by educational and financial sides.* such a visitation within a week or two, to utilize also the week-nights, espe- The effect of systematic work of this cially in the smaller churches. sort is telling to a marked degree. The contributions for Foreign .11 issions The type of meeting which has have steadily risen, from 86c. in 1904 proved most effective for the week- to 964c. in 1906. A few typical innight visit is the "Men's Conference," stances may best serve to show the reeither around the supper-table (each sult, not only in increase of contribuman paying for himself) or if that is tions, but likewise in the reflex upon not possible, then in a parlor, inform- the condition of the churches spiritally, with individual invitations issued ually: jointly by the host and the pastor. It is found that such a gathering of a The pastor of a country church in dozen men, including the church offi- Illinois writes: "Ve increased our ofcers, amounts to far more than a gen- fering from about $60 to $625 by the' eral meeting many times as large. Forward Movement method."

The so-called missionary mass-meet- The pastor of another church which ing has been practically discarded, not at first thought it hardly possible to merely because as a rule the people do adopt the plan, writes: "Sabbath not "mass," but because far more can morning we presented the Forward be accomplished, for the immediate Movement to the people; the reend in view, by working at close sponses were splendid-a subscription range, than by platform addresses. At to the amount of $221. I call that fine every point where there is to be a pres- for my church. Only one person subentation to the people, in a Sunday scribes as much as 25 cents a week. service or otherwise, it is urged that As to a Parish Abroad, suppose you there shall be opportunity in advance suggest one." for conference with the church officers. At this conference the practical One of the oldest churches on Long problem of enlisting the members of Island, which took up the plan a year the church individually to have a part ago, has this year given $600, where in the support of the Parish Abroad, before it was giving $115. A little is taken up, with due regard to the be- girl in this church with an income of nevolence of the Church generally. A five cents a week, gave two cents a missionary committee is organized, representative of every section of the • A mannal fully detailing the plan of organiza- Church, the Brotherhood or Men's tion of this committee may he obtained 011 applica- tion to the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. "Pla11s-suggested for the Foreign Missionary Committee of Presbytery aud Synod " can likewise be obtained, together with other ~publications of the Forward Movement series.

week last year for this purpose for the an increase of about $700 over the pre- support of the Parish Abroad. On the ceding year. "The Movement has Forward Movement day recently, been a great blessing to the Church,"

when the opportunity was given for is the emphatic testimollY of the pas- revising subscriptions and making tor.

new ones, this little girl told her A new pastor who went to a church father that she wished to change her in Pennsylvania not long ago and pledge. He feared that she might found that the Forward Movement have come to regret giving so much had recently been introduced, writes: as four-tenths of her income, but he "Our offering for local church sup- was greatly delighted when she went port taken yesterday was the largest on to say that she wanted to give three for several years and our secretary in- cents a week. Those who talk loudly forms me that there has been an aver- of "the tithe" they give, might well age increase of $30 a 1110nth since the learn a lesson from this little girl who Forward Movement began-a move- gives no less than six-tenths and gives ment forward all along the line. After it so cheerfully. meeting the full 'amount of the pledge /. city church in Pennsylvania in- to the Board of Foreign :Missions for troduced the plan without help from the support of the Parish Abroad, outside. The pastor writes: "Up to there was a considerable balance and last evening we had promises of$r,- we will be ready for something more 947 from eighty-seven persons. I am next year."* sure there are a large number of oth- Testimonies, such as the foregoing, ers who intend to give. I feel confident might be multiplied to almost any that it is going to bring a blessing to length. New standards are being es- the Church and we shall receive more tablished all over the Church in con- than we give. I am therefore desir- sequence of this Forward ~Iovement ous of enlisting the cooperation of work. Whole presbyteries are being other men, women and children of the lifted to a new sense of responsibility congregation, as far as possible." and now the Presbyterian Church in In a large Iowa town, the plan was the U. S. A. is preparing to fairly face introduced in the face of a great deal the question of its distinct missionary of opposition. A Forward Movement responsibility for evangelizing its committee was appointed and a letter great Parish Abroad of 100,000,000 sent to every member asking each to non-Christians, which is believed to be have some systematic share in obey- perfectly possible within a generation.

ing the Great Commission, whatever By God's blessing, a fivefold in- the amount l' 'ght be, weekly. The crease of funds would provide for a subscription ~L'on leached $775. A fivefold increase of force, which would hard-working cobbler, earning not make it possible to put the Gospel more than $7 a week and who is al- within the reach of all in the field to ready generously contributing to the be evangelized.

support of the church, subscribes 25 • The story of "A Church with a World Parish," cents a month through the Forward in the Presbytery of Newark, which has been told Movement. The entire benevolent in full in pamphlet form, may very well furnish work of the Church profited, showing a chapter by itself. It can be had on application to the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions.

THE' FIRST FIVE YEARS OF MISSIONARY

SOME PRACTICAL POINTS FOR YOUNG MISSIONARIES BY REV. ROBERT F. FITCH, SHANGHAI, CHINA There is, in some circles to-day, proposition, but in many fields ina belief that for an educated Amer- volves the finest kind of discipline. ican to go to the East, and eventllal- The Orient is changing; methods lyto exert a wide influence, is a sim- once suited to the race often need ple problem for solution. But if our change. The senior missionary may forefathers, themselves savages and be progressive, or devoted to probarbarians, were saved through the cesses already somewhat antiquated, leadership of a body of men who to and' his type of thought may differ a remarkable extent represented the considerably from the views which culture of the finest homes and the a later theological training has develbest educational institutions of the oped in the newcomer. Life in the medieval ages, how much more does Orient tends to intensify the convicthe East to-day require from us men tions already held, and hence, under of culture, breadth of sympathy, and most favorable conditions, a wide with such lines of procedure as are divergence between the two men is best suited to the genius of its peo- quite possible. Ordinarily it is to be ple. The culture of the Orient far assumed that the advantage is with surpasses that of our own ancestors, the senior missionary, but it is also and any man who looks lightly upon quite certain that the junior mishis task as a missionary to the sionary must have at least a few Orient, is already by that very at- points in his favor. And the junior titude of mind and heart doomed to missionary wil1 be more likely to failure. He may have many Chris- realize his own points of advantage, tian graces; but if he lack humility, rather than what puts him at a diswhich involves the attitude of en- advantage. It behooves him to requiry, and of respect to the genius strain himself, to know sympathetof the Orient, he has brought other ical1y the work and views of his segraces to naught, and disqualified nior on the field, and to entertain himself for a true interpretation of respect for the principles which he the Orient, and hence for that sym- holds, even when thoroughly conpathy which must go before success. vinced that his own are better. Hence I offer five suggestions as ab- Never can he have the right attitude solutely necessary to the fullest toward the still wider divergences realization of the missionary ideal. of an alien race, until in all things As my own experiences have' been he has learned not only to tolerate, in China, certain illustrations and but to respect the divergent views references will pertain to that of his senior co-workers. Not until country. he has learned to subordinate him- self for a period of years, and to wait First, when a young man goes to in patience and in sympathy for the foreign field, he must put him- others, can he be truly ready to self under the direction of his se- "work out his own salvation" i,n misniors. This sounds like a simple

sian methods, methods which, never- not win assent from the universal theless, may conform very much to moral consciousness of men, whether ideas held on his first arrival in the from the East or 'vVest. And as field. Confucius has dominated the think- ing men of China, so has he given Secondly, a young missionary, at tone to the literature of that race; the earliest opportunity, should be- and, while it is to be admitted that gin to know the best in the literature there are many artificial and pedantic of the race to which he goes-and things to be found, nevertheless, by so doing will learn to respect its apart from the life of One, some of ideals, and strengthen his own the most entertaining and noble powers of thought. No man of alien things are to be found ill the liter- race who knows only the American ature of China; and whatever are dime novel, or the cheaper products true and good, reveal the latellt of our literature, can truly know our capacity of a race and give right aspirations and noblest ideals. Only grounds for respect and sympathy" in the best of our literature and thought are the latent possibilities of Thirdly, a young missionary should the race to be found. To be truly endeavor, at the earliest opportunity, interpreted by others they must to cultivate the acquaintance of the know the best products of our noblest men of the community in noblest men. which he labors, and, later, of the noblest men of the race to which he 'Vhen we go to a land like China, carries his message. Outside of the r:ch in literature, with high ethical schools, our best education comes ideals, with strong men, heroes and from personal intercourse with martyrs, it behooves us to know the strong men, and in onr intercourse best thought which her best men we should learn the art of true C011have produced. Owing to the mar- Yersation, by which we are able to velous influence of Confucius, 2,400 draw out, from others, their most years ago, the classical literature of vital thinking, to express our own China is more free from imp:1re sug- best thoughts, with a view to mutual -gestions and moral taint than that good." The ultimate battle in any of any other race. In fact, Confucius race is not with her weak men-the spent the closing years of his life in ignorant, superstitious, degradedgoing over the literature then ex- but with the strong and, when they tant, to eliminate everything impure are known, appreciated, and won, or obscene. He stood for the su- the battle is won for the entire race. premacy of right. and his system, in :'Iere education will gTac1ually overits ethical import, may be sU111mecl come what ignorance there is in the up in this quotation: "If in my heart East, but Oriental systems will I know I am right, tho lO,OOO come merely entrench themselves, unless against 111(:', yet shall I go on. If in the strong men-native to the race- embody in their own lives those my heart ] know r am wrong". tho (leeds and principles which appeal to the Oriental mincl, and thus force a beggar come clad ill filthy rags, Christianity to become incligellou:i 1 shall not pre'aiL" In his three fundamental. and eight minor, propositions, there is nothing that ,'ould

FIRST FIVE YEARS OF MISSIOlARY

to that race. In Paul's day "not spend the most of their time in many mighty nor noble were called," giving advice and help to others, and ancl yet much of the strongest work putting them in the way of advancehe did was through the mighty and ment, with great influence over rich the noble; and. if we to-clay in Ori- and poor, choosing to have less ental lands coulc! win but half as property, the better to fulfil their many of the higher class as he won ideals of service. To know such in his day, the results would be men, is to enrich one's own life, as heralded far and wide as constituting well as to enable one to interpret great victories for our faith. Then, the race better. too, the mighty and the noble in Paul's clay, in a peculiar sense, rep- Fourthly, a young missionary resented luxury, greed and cruelty, should endeavor gradually to study while in many of the Oriental lands and appreciate the best elements of of to-day they represent the best the race consciousness of the land to blood of that race, in its ideals and which he goes. Even in the lives of aspirations. In Paul's day there was the masses, among those who somean unlimited monarchy, with its rep- times arc bowed down by ignorance, resentatives deified. To-day the superstition, and fear, there are cerleaders of the Orient represent a tain comm011 elements which are an class that is doing more than any assurance of their future achieveother to serve unselfishly and often ment. When our Savior wept over at the greatest sacrifice, the good of the multitude, it was not merely beits race. For the young missionary cause of their weakness and need, to know such men is to unveil his but also because there was in each eyes, broaden his sympathy, deepen a capacity for becoming a child of his respect, and multiply his effi- God. He not only saw men with the ciency, even with the poor and muck-rake, and the rubbish at their needy. feet, but with the crown hung over the head of each; and with Him, the F or myself, next to home and col- tragedy was not merely that men lege, with their Christian associa- should not see the crown. Any man tions, lowe most to the Confucian who sees the muck-rake of heathenscholars of China, for their culture, ism, and yet fails to see the capacity wit and humor, powers of argument, for the crown, in the lives of the and unfailing courtesy, even under humblest, is not ready so to interthe most provoking conditions. Some pret the race as to awaken those of these men have such a reputation latent aspirations which, divinely for honesty and fearlessness that given, belong to all. their word is law in cases of arbitration, and he who goes against their lVe are not in the foreign land to decision, is boycotted and excluded Vesternize the Oriental, or to denafrom the former society of friends. tionalize him. Christianity rejoices Some of these men have had op- in individual gifts, develops them, portunities to make immense wealth, and brings them to their highest but themselves liye simply, both as realization. The Orient will not regards dress and food, preferring to only attempt to appropriate the best that there is i. the vVest, but will

also attempt to conserve the best claim; and only as they felt its claim that is in its own past. Chriiitianity was their whole perspective of life will make the Chinaman a better changed. Over the material forces Chinaman, and the Oriental a nobler of nature, J esns used one kind of Oriental. power; but, over the moral con- sciousness of men, his power was Fifthly, and lastly, one must also exprest in his love. That love itself work out, for himself, that which in was power, infinite, divine, the only Christianity is to conquer the best power that could awaken men from that there is in that race. The ulti- their sleep to the light of a new life. mate battle is to be between the best Only as we have that love can Jesus that is in men, and in systems of to-day use us for the regeneration of truth. It is comparatively easy for men. Suffering and discipline may the Christian missionary to conquer come, but only as qualified in the the low, the mediocre and indiffer- spirit of love, can they be used to ent, to work along lines of least re- save men. The great proof, by sistance; but the real test comes which all men shall know that we when, after a frank acknowledgment are Christ's disciples, is that we have of what is good in the East, we are "love one to another." The infinite able to present that which will ride love of God, so wondrously revealed triumphant over its best; and only in His Son, can save, but a mere when we have conquered its best, ethical ideal is impotent. And when shall we have truly conquered the the Orient receives from Jesus that race, and have brought it into ulti- spirit of love, which He revealed and mate captivity to Christ. :.vIoreover, so perfectly embodied in His life, when we present the fundamental then only will it be brought to a elements of our faith, it must be in salvation that is final and complete. such a manner as to appeal to the It must be through the spirit of love Oriental type of mind. that Jesus is to be enthroned in human hearts, and the significance As was pointed out before, Con- of His life, His character, His cross, fucius stan drs for an ethical ideal, to and His Sonship can be revealed. be attained by a process of self-culture. He stands for the supremacy So let a young man, on his arrival of righteousness, and claims that his in a mission field, learn to know and ideal is sufficient for the salvation to respect his seniors in toil, the best of men. in the literature of the Orient, the noblest of her men, the best elements Jesus claims that an ethical ideal of her national consciousness, and will only educate, but not produce last, but 1110St important, let him regeneration of life. He directly ap- know that, in his own faith, which, pealed to the moral consciousness of in his life and message, shall ri"de men by His love-an infinite love, triumphant over the best in all that sacrificed all, that suffered, that human life, and in heathendom bring denied itself, and found its final ex- "captivity captive" to "Chris:lls pression on Calvary-a love that Redemptor." "would not let go." And only as men saw that love, did they feel its

LITTLE GIRLS COUNT IN CHINA?

BY REV. ELLIOTT 1. OSGOOD, M.D., CIIEE OlEO, CHINA At a recent commencement exer- breakfast. Down by the edge of the cise in the Nanking Christian Girls' stream, with its little limbs immersed School, the church was crowded to the in the cold water, she found the body doors. The windows were open and of a new-born baby girl. In the darkmasses of heads looked into the r00111 from outside. Missionaries and Chris- A NANKING SCHOOLGIRL tians did not make up the bulk of that audience, but the rich and influential ness of the night it had been thrown men and women of that great city down there by heartless parents, who eagerly responded to the invitations expected that it would 1"011 into the to be present on this occasion when water and be drowned. They had not four girls were to be graduated. quite succeeded in killing the child, These leaders, for the first time in their but the chill of the night and the water history, were struggling with the proh- had well-nigh accomplished the deslem of education for the despised half picable deed. of China's race. They listened with rapt attention to a program of music, A heathen woman would have essays, and dialogs in which a Christian tone was dominant.

The last number on the program was a speech by a little girl of ten who told in her childish way the purpose of Christian missions in opening schools for girls. She was speaking to a richly-clael audience of atheists and heathen, many of whom had sanctioned the practise of infanticide. Had she told them her own history it would have been even more striking than her speech, for she is a living example of the purpose of Christian missions.

Mrs. Shi, of the Yu-ho-ts village in Anhwui province, is as consecrated a Christian woman as can be found in the Church of Christ in any land. Yet twenty years ago she was as ignorant, superstitious and unmoral as any of her sisters ill China, but for the past fift'een years she has been a wonderful example of the transforming power of the Gospel.

Ten years ago she went down one morning as usual to the stream back of her house to wash the rice for

looked around to see if anyone were Ten years later,by the grace of God, looking and then, probably, finished "Little Love" stood upon that misthe work; but a new-born love in the sion school platform. The Gospel had heart of Mrs. Shi caused her to pick proved its power. The richest and up the babe anel hastened back to her most influential of that Chinese city home. She worked over it for hours saw this little one who had been cast until the blood once more circulated away by her own parents at birth, and freely through the sluggish veins and had been caught up and saved by one the cry of hunger rewarded her work. of China's despised womanhood, but The women who gathered around hacl redeemed by the power of Christ. "Litnever witnessed such an act before. tle Love" is a living emblem of the new girlhood to be given to the other Perhaps Mrs. Shi herself would half of China's little ones when Christ have stopt appalled, hacl she taken comes and reigns there. time to think, but she was too busy saving life for that, and not until the In former times this Oriental nation blood was once more freely flowing has had little love to waste upon her through that little body could she take girls. The perpetuation of the famtime to think of the future. How she ily name was looked upon as the imsucceeded in taking that little life portant object for the rearing of chilthrough the following years is both dren, so that the boy was the prime a mystery and a marvel. factor. Girls when g'rOWll 111ust be lost to the home of their parents and The Chinese have cows in that part minister to the perpetuation of some of the country, but they only use them other line. To rear them was a thankfor plowing. They neither drink milk less task undertaken for the benefit nor eat butter, and prepared foods are of some one else. a product of more advanced countries, so that the Chinese have never Then in a land where famine fredeveloped s11ch means for feeding ba- quently decimates the population and bies robbed of their natural birthright. where the poor die by the roadside Their only substitute is rice water and uncared for: where the great burning rice gruel. question is, "How shall I get enough to eat ?" is it strange that parents With these accessories ::v1rs. Shi be- should have little love for those whom gan undauntedly to save that little they have been taught to regard as girl, and from kind missionary friends useless appendages? Is it strange that she could occasionally obtain con- when the future holds nothing better densed milk. ::'.lany times during than the prospect of a dreary search those succeeding days did she go to for enough to keep life in one's body some Chinese mother with that babe that the strangling of a new-born babe in her arms and plead that this little should appear to those minds more like one might lie for a time upon a life- an act of mercy than a crime? giving mother-breast. She called the child "Little Love," and ponred upon Missionaries see little bodies floating' her the wealth of a mother-love. No upon the SCU111 of the ponds or thrown trial seemed too harel, no task too out by the roacbide and half eaten b,' . great, if it woulelminister toward pre- the wolfish dogs. It is not necessary ser~ing the life of this babe to open the little bundle of matting

LITTLE GIRLS COUXT IX CHINA?

lying by the side of the city wall to Confucian classics teach that a wom- know what it contains. Shanghai has an may be divorced for any of seven its hexagonal tower into which their reasons, such as being a gossip, a bodies can be cast. Nanking has its scold, unfaithful, sterile, and so on.

temple to which may be brought any They give no suggestion that a wom- little dead bocly which the parents care an may divorce her husband. They not to bury themselves. Men, in oreIer teach that a girl should be obedient that they may accumulate merit, sub- to her parents, a married woman to scribe toward the burying of these lit- her husband, and a widow to her eld- tle bodies.

In certain quarters Buddhists have been inspired to open orphanages, and a circular bucket is fixt in the wall up- on a pivot. One side is open and swung out to the street. Any parent may place therein a babe and swing the bucket in. It will be received without question and wet nurses will be called in to rear it. But to what end is this seeming charity clone?

Slavery, largely of little girls, still exists in Sinim. Families who may wish a girl servant find the solution of their difficulty by bl1ying Olle of these waifs and rearing- it for a slave.

Sometimes they treat it well. but fre- quently there creeps out to the world stories of terrible treatment. I-IoLlses of ill-fame are fonnel in all their cities, and agents are busy furnishing girls for this terrible traffic. These girls in them are veritable slaves. Drest "LITTLE LOVE" AND HEn FOSTER-FATHER in gorgeous raiment to attract atten- est son. They make no suggestion as tion they are often displayed upon the to educating her. Her lot is to give public streets. Vhen an orphanage is birth to a boy and to play a humble established and ministers to this slave- part in making a home. trade, its aim is not philanthropic. With the coming of the new era Sitting in our comfortable homes, surrounded by comforts, and far re- in China the leaders are now under- moved fr0111 such scenes, it is easv to going a change of attitude toward condemn those who refuse to rear a their womankind. The hundreds of girl rather than condemn her to such Christian homes established by the a life. I!hen we stand face to face missionaries throughout the interior of with the terrible nightmare itself of China have been a revelation to them.

poverty and shame we see the problem In those homes they have seen women more clearly. and men living as equals. In edtlca-

tion, judgment and counsel they work command his services a school for side by side. Love reigns in these girls was opened in another home. homes and therefore peace also. They Similar work is being done in other have looked upon homes presided over cities, and appeals are being made to by educated, refined Christian women. the missionaries for teachers and the That is why they are seeking to open opening of schools for girls. Wherschools for their girls. "We want ever they are opened these classes such homes in our land," they have readily send their girls and loyally said to us. "We did not know that it support the schools both financially was possible for a woman to become and morally. an equal of man. N either had we dreamed of the possibility of finding Even the custom of the girls is pleasure and congenial companionship changing. Heretofore such names in association with women.". were given as "Want-a-boy," "Too- many-girls," "Come-a-boy," "Little- In one influential family a private trouble." Now we hear of "Little school on Western lines has been Love" and "Little Precious" and "Litopened and both boys and girls on tle Joy" being used. The change is equal footing have been admitted. coming slowly to these who have long VVe had trained a teacher in the mis- been waiting, but it is coming surely. sion school, ap.d as soon as they conlcl Girls are beginning to count.

THE FIRST BRA~ILIAN BAPTIST CONVENTION* BY SOLO~ION L. GINSBURG Superintendent of the Pernambuco Baptist Mission, Pernambuco, Brazil, of the S. B. Convention The difficulties attending a com- The convention began June 23 and plete, or even adequate, representa- lasted five days. About fifty mes- fon of the Brazilian Baptist churches sengers were present, representing at a series of special meetings and about one hundred churches and conferences may be realized when it 5,000 believers.

is remembered that the churches are The chief subject for deliberation scattered over a field some 5,000 was the need of educating the native miles long. For example, a delegate ministry. The spread of the Baptist from the Amazon valley was obliged cause of late has been so remarkable, to travel for eleven days, at cost of and the lack of prepared native $I70. Need had been long felt for . pastors so acute, that plans were im- such a united effort, and eager ex- mediately needed to relieve the situ- pectation was aroused in Baptist ation, and not only the missionaries circlt;s throughout the country, and but also native representatives of all a deep consciousness of the power of the churches had been invited with the Holy Spirit brooded over the a view to uniting all upon the great convention from first meeting to the subject. Once together other im- last. portant branches of the work were 'For twenty-five years the Baptists have been working in Brazil. divided into seven mission fields, besides the German Baptists in the South who, tho in full fellowship with us, are supported by the Gennan churches of North America. While in each of these seven mission fields United Annual lleet~ ings are held, never before was there such a general c:::nvention.

FIRST BRA.ZILIAN BAPTIST CONVENTION

discust, and resolutions adopted that There were also organized a Young will affect for good the Baptist work People's Board, with headquarters in Brazil for time and eternity. 'vVe in Bahia, a Sunday-school Board select and present two or three of with headquarters in Rio de Janeiro, the more important matters brought and a Publications Board with headforward. quarters in the same place; but most important, a Board of Education for (I) The Board of National Evan- the establishment of an. academy gelization. The movement for the and seminary in Rio de Janeiro, the evangelization of Brazil by the na- federal capital of the republic. tives themselves is not new. It has been tried, not only among the The Rev. Dr. J. W. Shepard has Baptists, but other denominations. been unanimously chosen to direct At the convention, the subject was the educational work in Brazil from fully discust, and a board appointed the headquarters in Rio, and the with headquarters at Campos (State Foreign Missions Board in Richof Rio de Janeiro). The object of this mond, Virginia, has not only apboard is to strengthen the existing proved his plans, but has promised churches by developing the spirit of to assist us toward the necessary self-support among them, and to oc- means for the initiation of this work. cupy the new fields as fast as they What this movement means to us open up. Its scope is unlimited,and can not easily be described. We tho, on account of poverty, the con- have three local schools that are tributio:ls of the churches are not doing fairly well, in two of which large, we hope in the near future to we have a few theological students, see our native work immensely ex- but up to the present the Baptists tended. have not had an adequate school for the equipment of its young people (2) The Foreign Mission Board. for the higher professions. The fu- At the convention, a letter from Chile ture is bright with promise. was rea.d, begging for a missionary to be sent to organize about nine The convention was a great suchundred Baptists, scattered over the cess in every sense of the word. country, into regular churches. The Bahia, tho an ultra-Catholic city, missionaries have always taught the was stirred to its depths, and all the Brazilian churches to take an active daily papers published columns of interest, not only in home work, but information about our doings. At also in foreign missions, and altho the opening we had representatives most of onr contributions for this from all classes of society, and a latter had been sent to the Foreign telegram of greeting from the pres- Missions Board in Virginia, yet ident of the republic. The spiritual when this letter was read, such a aspect and results of the convention spirit of enthusiasm took hold of the were no less remarkable. Every day delegates that they then and there the early morning prayer-meeting at resolved to unite and defray the six o'clock was well attended, and traveling expenses of a man to be each night, after the evangelistic sent to Chile at once. It was also re- meetings, the inquirers filled the adsolved to open up work in Portugal. joining room to overflowing.

AMONG THE HEATHEN ON NEW IRELAND 'I'

BY GEORGE PEARSOK Not long ago I went with Rev. H. Chinamen's goods might be appropri- Fellmann and a Fijian teacher named ated at the same time. It was decided Eron Sokidi, five Neu Mecklenburg that the best way would be to take boys and eighteen carriers, on a land- the Chinamen first, and afterward take buying expedition on the central west their boods. The leader, named coast of Neu Mecklenburg (New Ire- Gilam, led his men to the place, and land) . The rapid spread of our work finding one of the Chinamen in a hut in this island necessitated the buying on the beach, and the other on the of small pieces of land in several of the vessel, he sent one-half of his men to towns to the north, as it is that dis- the hut and the other half to the ves-, trict we are most likely to occupy next. sel. The Chinamen were brutally We started from Kabanut on Janu- murdered; their goods carried off and ary I4th, and after four days of hard their vessel burnt. The bodies were walking reached Mesi, some fifty or then taken up to the town, where a fifty-five miles north. The distance great cannibal orgy followed. The covered may not seem to be great, but goods and money taken from the vic- we were short of carriers, and we had tims were divided among the chief to engage fresh helpers at almost eve- men of the town.

ry town on the way. At one stage Some time afterward this same tribe of the journey we made a long detour picked a quarrel with the people of in order to avoid a most awkward Labau, a town a few miles to the coral reef, over which we should have south. The Mesians defeated Labau had to pass, and over which our men and did very considerable damage.

would never have been able to carrv Elated by their success they threatened our goc 1s and keep them dry. Then, Kana, but these people had no wish on the latter part of the way, we had to fight, so while making preparatIons wild storms of wind and rain, which to defend themselves and their homes added to our discomfort, made travel- they sent word to Namatanai praying ing heavy, threatened to spoil our the government official to come to goods, and kept us for hours at a their help. He came, with the result time without a dry thread upon us. that the people of Mesi were severely Thus, considering the difficulties un- but justly punished.

der which we traveled, we rather con- Guests of a Cannibal Chief gratulated ourselves when, on the fourth day, tired and dripping wet, To be the guests of a murderer, and we reached Mesi. cannibal chief, head of a tribe of mur- This town has a 1110st unenviable derers and cannibals, gives one a pereputation. They are a numerous and culiar feeling of uncertainty. When powerful tribe, and years after other we knew that we were to be the guests towns had given up fighting and can- of Gilam, we were somewhat curious nibalism, they still continued their to learn what kind of a man he was. old customs. One day, about four 'Ve knew he was not luxurious, and year's ago, there ran into the harbor quite understood that to be such a near Mesi a small trading-vessel, with man's guest meant that we must take two Chinamen aboard, who had come our own blankets, food and billy-can, to trade with the natives of the sur- and that we could have the use of the rounding district. They bought with house with all that was in it, viz: the intention of having a decidedly bamboo beds, ash-heaps, rats, cock- good profit, so that the people became roaches, and all the millions of in- angry and decided to have their goods sects that swarm in such places.

back again. A suggestion was also We were disappointed when we put forward to the effect that the saw GHam; he was an ordinary na- • From the A usb'alian lIfdltodist Jfr:~sionarJ' Rrvieu). tive, with far less personality than comfortable as possible, and we knew many other men in his town, and very there were many more natives who little more authority. But there was had prest into the hut or were standsomething about the man which we ing around the doorway, endeavoring could not define for a time. It was to get a glimpse of the guests. Then not until next dav that we found out the light went out. The next torch that this pecnliarity arose from the enabled us to find some dry clothing fact that the man never kept his eyes and towels. A wash was out of the still. They were always moving from question, but a good rub-down is betside to side, as those of a man who ter than nothing after a few hours in had hunted and who had been hunted. a drenching rain. Then the light went His Ii fe had developed in him a shifty, out. We managed to get off our wet afert, and treacherous look. For the clothing in the dark. The next light rest he was just as his fellows, per- allowed of very little progress being haps a little dirtier than some. His made as it soon flickered down, but pipe was always carried straight in our last view was of about fortv the center of his lips, and not at the pairs of eyes looking toward white side. His under-lip fell down to give men whose thoughts were divided beit a better resting-place, and the tween the insects swarming over their saliva ran down his pipe-stem and bare feet and the finding of some dry dropt upon his chin. clothing. It took us more than an hour to get settled for the night. Gilam's residence is situated almost in the center of Mesi, and is from Rain fell in torrents during the eighteen to twenty feet long' and about night, and when day broke there was twelve feet broad. The walls are a no abatement. Dy noon it ceased little higher than usual, being fully somewhat, and we succeeded in measfive feet high. But there are not uring and buying a small piece of many home comforts. The rain came land suitable for a teachers' station. through the roof in many places., Ve were disappointed at being unable spoiling a tin of biscuits and wetting to buy a larger piece suitable for a our boxes. Of course in a house of white man's station. The owner was this size there is only one apartment, not at home. Bv the time this was and when that is divided among finished it was toO' late in the afternoon twenty-five persons there is not much to go farther, so we prepared for rest. spare room for privacy. We arrived at Mesi tired and dripping wet, and Seven o'clock is rather early to go our first thoughts were of a change to bed, but we went because we had of clothing. Jt was dark and we had nowhere else to go. So as it was clark no lamp, but someone had prepared and wet outside, and darker still and torches made of cocoanut leaves. nearly as wet inside, we chose the These were lighted one at a time; each lesser of the two evils and went to bed. would flare and then almost die out, leaving us to grope in the clark as we In Danger might, until a fresh one was lighted. The first enabled us to get our boxes One comfort was left us: we could in order and to look around the hut. talk; and, while Mr. Fellmann and I There was a pile of firewood at our were cOIlversing, word was brought to end, two bamboo-beds about five feet us of another discussion vhich had by three, and two ash-heaps over taken place that afternoon. It seems which thousands of insects were that Jonitan Harum, one of the 'youngswarming. Vith the exception of a est teachers, and one who has a little spear or two stuck in the roof these knowledge of the dialect spoken by' comprized the furniture so far as we the Mesi people, had overheard a concould see. At the other end we heard versation which had taken place our men trying to make themselves as among a group of natives while we were measuring thc land. This con- versation was about the two' mission-

aries and the object of their visit; and port and decided to keep a sharp lookafter some talk, one of the party (for- out, for the writer woke up several getting, perhaps, for the moment, that times during the night, and every time Jonitan was one of our party, and found watchers on the alert. After knew something of their language) the creepy feelings about the roots of spoke thus: the hair, caused by the suddenness and unexpectedness of the news, had "But what have they come here for, passed off, we remembered that we and why are they marking any of our were in the hands of a Higher Power, land? It will be good if we rise and and that the question, "How can we?" kill them aIL" would require divine sanction before it could be answered as these wild "But," asked another, "how can people evidently desired. we? They are missionaries!" We were up at daybreak next morn- This answer was greeted by a laugh, ing, and having got our baggage and then seeing that Jonitan knew ready, returned to Labau, where we something of the meaning of their had breakfast. Next day (Sunday) talk, one of the men spoke angrily to we spent at Kono, glad of the rest, the maker of the proposal. But Jon- and, on Monday morning, crossed to itan had had his suspicions aroused. the east coast, arriving at Belik about Being a native, he was acquainted with 5 o'clock. Next morning we started most native customs, and he evidently north again, and, reaching Karu, we thought that there was something else bought a small piece of land suitable behind it all-that perhaps the one for a teachers' station, and went on who had spoken of killing the mission- to Labau. Here we bought another aries was merely expressing approval small piece of land, and as it was then at what had already been decided nearly dark we camped. Early next upon. However, he kept his counsel morning we commenced our return until a convenient time and then sent journey. another to inform us of what he had At Karu we found the chief of that heard. town had made a feast for us. Seek We had led twentv-three men there to excuse ourselves as we might, there was no denying that man. He had who had come ne~er dreaming of prepared food, and he intended that danger, or, if a thought of danger had we should eat at least a part of it. ever crossed their minds, they were Just when we thought we had given quite confident in the power of the the chief good .and sufficient reasons white men to protect them. Our in- for not staying, he turned, and pointtention had been to go about twenty- ing to the roasting pig and the heaps five miles to the north of Mesi, cross of vegetables, he said, "This food is the island, and return home down the our way of showing our love and reeast coast. After this warning, spect for you; how can you go and coupled with the bad character of the leave it?" How could we? As soon people. it would have been the great- as we could get away we posted on est folly to take those trusting men again, and that night we all slept· at farther north. So, swallowing our Kolouabui, one of our newest towns. disappointment, we decided, instead, Next morning Mr. Fellmann and I to return early on the morrow, and boarded a canoe and in four and a cross the island some twenty miles half hours reached Namatanai. south of Mesi. New Britain missionaries will remember how many have lost During the fortnight's trip we their lives by ignoring such warnings. walked two hundred miles. Added to They will remember, too, something this, Mr. Fellmann had come from of the anxiety which presses upon the Raluana to Kaban1tt, a distance of missionaries, who are held to some ex- quite forty miles, and, of course, would tent responsible for the lives of those have the same distance to return. who are under their charge. Some of our carriers had heard !onitan's re-

STORY OF A YOUNG GREEK*

BY ~ ~ISSIONARY IN ~SIA :MINOR A young Greek, whom we will they separated that night the young call Aristides, twenty-eight years man said, "You pray, and if the old, the son of a very wealthy and Lord sends me His Spirit I want to very worldly Greek, was zealous in pray, too." The preacher replied by the Orthodox Greek Church. Since quoting verses where the Lord his youth he has been one of the promised His grace to those that Greek Church choir or "intonators," seek his favor. iVhen the preacher but about two and a half years ago finished praying the young man he happened to enter our mission hesitated a second or two, and then chapel. As he heard something began to pour out his soul in a which seemed to him disrespectful prayer in Turkish. The Orthodox toward the Virgin Mary he never Church is ultraritualistic and all the came again until last fall, when he prayers are in ancient Greek. In all yielded to the rersuasion of a friend, his life the young man had never and this time was so much attracted prayed, altho he had often "recited"

that he decided to come regularly. prayers. In this prayer his words As he .is a near neighbor to the were simple, direct from the heart, preacher, he began to call on him and full of meaning. With marvelous and talk about Christian things. He insight he seemed to realize his own was teachable and very diligent in spiritual needs and to voice them in his inquiries, especially regarding the most direct form. Even in the the new birth, repentance, complete prayer the young man said, "0.

surrender, sin and its forgiveness, Lord, don't let me think that it is etc. One evening in the week he myself that am praying; it is only would come and take notes on the Thy Spirit speaking through me." It sermon of the last Sabbath, so that was almost midnight before they he might understand it more thor- separated.

oughly. When he had obtained a When Aristides reached home he good grip on it, he would go home found that his father had just fin- and talk it all over with his wife and ished a game of checkers. Kneeling, mother. he prayed for guidance and courage.

The young man's father was scan- It must be borne in mind that this dalized by all this, and administered was an "old-school" family, where a sharp reproof, charging the son the father lives, eats, sleeps: separate with disobedience in attending the from the rest of the family; they Protestant services. The father never sit in his presence, never said, "If you will be obedient to me speak except to answer his ques- in this, I will be to Y0lt a better tions, etc. As he entered his father father than ever before." The son glanced up with the Oriental greet- stayed away for some weeks, still, ing: "Is it peace? Is it peace :" The however, visiting the preacher's young man replied: "It is peace, house to write a synopsis of the ser- father; only give me your hand that mons. But when he found that his I may kiss it, and forgive me all my father was not in the least changed, past faults, for I am now your son and that it was only a trick to keep in deed and in truth." The father him away from the service, he began hesitated; but when he saw the to go again. On Friday, March earnestness of the SOl1 he yielded r6th, he came as usual to talk and and granted him forgiveness. Then take notes on the sermon. iVhen the young man cried out: ',);ow you .. Condensed from the Missionary Herald. There are reasons wh:y this in~er~sting s~ory shou~d be give,n here without names of places or persons. It comes from a prominent missionary 1n Asia MInOT, and 18 connected with a well~known out~station in that field.

are my father, and] am your S0n. others ?" Soon he said, "The Lord Let me pray about it." has heard my prayer, and I shall His father stared in astonishment, preach in the church next Sunday and replied: "vVhat are you thinking afternoon." With the consent of the of, boy? Everyone says his own priest he began that Sunday, taking prayers in private." The youth re- his text from the lesson of the day.

plied: "1 know, father, that you For one and one-half hours this man, would think it unfitting that you, a who had never studied, and was but father, should follow your son in a learner in Christian things, told prayer. Rut think of the example of what the Lord had done for him and Christ. He was God, vet He became was ready to do for all. Of course man. He was Master, 'yet He washed some of the men began to object to the dirty feet of His disciples. Vill "this way." They said he was you not condescend to pray with preaching Protestant doctrine and me ?" Strange to say, the father rose would soon ruin the Church; espe- and stood in the attitude of prayer; cially they said, "He does not de- the young man knelt at his feet and clare that the Orthodox Greek poured out his soul in prayer. At Church is the only true Church."

its conclusion he sat down near his Being very humble and very earnest, father and said: "Father, none of Aristides was ready to speak in our family have repented and found houses and to individuals if they peace in Jesus. Let us gather for closed the Church to him.

family prayers, and perhaps the In his family life a marvelous Lord will bless us." Then he prayed change had come over the father; he again, anel they retired for the night. became gentle; he would call his After rising and having his private children lovingly and by name-a devotions. "risticles gathered all the thing he had never done before. He family for prayers. A brother, began to read "Pilgrim's Progress"

twenty-two years old, refused to most carefully and to ask questions come ill. but finally consented to as to its teachings.

stand near the door. Everybody The priest seems well-disposed realized that it would be next to im- toward Aristides, allowing him to possible to get the father in; but the' preach in the church when he will, young man said, "God will soften only asking him not to go to the his heart: he will come." When all Protestant chapel the days he is to was ready 102 went to his father and preach. One day he had a colloquy said, "Come, father; all is ready." with the priest something like this: • His father replied, "Where?" "Father, wllo can receive the gift ",Vhere YOll promised me last of the Holy Ghost?"

night," he replied, and then went "Only the clergy; it is their right."

right in among the rest and began "Has our archbishop received the a simple, earnest prayer. The brother Holy Ghost?"

at the door came in and joined "Is it possible to doubt it?"

them; the mother began to weep; "What sign is there to show that a sister, who had been bitterly op- he has received it?"

poseel, begged that she might be "His office and his official robes; prayed for; and the father, too, are not these sufficient proof?"

joined them, thus making the circle "May no one else receive it?"

complete. Each day this continued. The priest was confused and re- Aristides urged them all to repent- plied, "I suppose others can receive ance. it, too."

Our yOllng friend continued to Then the young man replied: preach to his own household; soon "Praise the Lord! The Lord has the thought came to him, "Vhy not given me His Spirit, and I can preach pay for grace that I may preach to the Gospel."

MISSIONARY AT WORK-II*

BY REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.D.

Author of "The Foreign Missionary,l1 Ie New Forces in Old China,'~ etc.

Evangelistic Work fast the next morning, when we lll-, All forms of the work are supposed quired for Doctor McGilvary, we to be evangelistic in spirit and in aim. learned that he ami 1'Ir. Collins had Educational work is designed to reach been in the village for an hour disthe children for Christ and to train tributing tracts and inviting the peomen for the ministry and other forms ple to come to a service at ten o'clock.

of Christian work. Literary work What a service it was, under a spread- prepares and publishes the Bible and ing tree, with the mighty forest about a helpful literature that all may know us, the monkeys curiously peering the Gospel by the printed page as through the. tangled vines and the well as by the spoken word. Medical wondering people sitting on the work is intended not only to relieve ground while Mr. Dodd told them the suffering but to do it in Christ's name deathless story of redeeming love.

and in such ways that the patients will But Doctor McGilvary was not there.

accept Christ. But of course there is Seventy-four years old tho he was, much work that is distinctively and he had walked, under a scorching sun, solely evangelistic. to another village, three miles distant, There is much direct preaching of and was preaching there. I said: "If the Gospel. While there are some that is the way the Laos missionaries large churches, an increasing number rest, what do they do when they indeed, in which there is stated for- work ?"

mal preaching in the sense to which The new missionary should go to we are accustomed at home, yet the the field expecting to take some part main evangelistic work is done in less in this itinerating work. Even if his pretentious but even more effective specific assignment is to medical or ways. In humble street chapels, in educational work, he can and should crowded bazaars, in secluded zenanas, not only seek to lead his patients or from house to house and on long pupils to Christ, but he should seek country tours, the message is pro- opportunities for an occasional tonr claimed. The itinerations often oc- among the outlying villages. Such a cupy several months, and include tour will bring him into closer touch the visitation of hundreds of villages. with the people. enable him to bring All sorts of conveyances are used. By the Gospel to some who might not oth- elephants and camels and horses and erwise hear of it and at the same time donkeys, by junks and house-boats and it will keep his own spiritual zeal canoes, by wheelbarrows, and jinrik- warm and rich.

ishas and bandy-carts, occasionally by The missionaries whose direct as- bicycle and railroad, but more often signment is to evangelistic work on foot, climbing over hills, wading should give as much time to itineration through rivers of water and sloughs as circumstances will permit. lfis- of mud, in winter and summer, the sionaries themselves frankly write of missionaries preach Jesus. The man- the danger that they encounter at this ner and the message are everywhere point. They candidly admit that the the same-the patient, earnest, loving temptation is strong to become ab- presentation of the Word of God. sorbed by the various phases of in- There are no bounds to the zeal of stitutional and station work-that it the itinerant missionary. After a . is so easy to sit down in a school or toilsome journey on elephants through hospital, to become a pastor of a na- the Laos jungles, we stopt for the tive church or to stay at home and Sabbath. "Now," we said, "we can write a book-and so hard to leave have a day of rest." But at break- one's family and endure the physical *See Septenlber REVIEW for Part 1.

privations and mental annoyances in- be encouraged to continue it, and cident to itinerating. But more of their number should be increased. this work must be done if the heathen are to hear and accept the Gospel. The boards should give the more Christ Himself signally honored this important central stations such a form of missionary effort, for He de- force that, with diminishing their voted no small part of His ministry country work, thev could more efto itinerating. So did Paul and his fectively work the' cities. The diffiapostolic associates. In discussing the culties are great: they always have factors in the remarkable development been. But the city dominates the of missionary work in Korea, the country now as much as it did in Rev. Dr. S. A. Moffett assigns the first Paul's time, and in Asia -as much as place to "the wide-spread preaching in America. If we are to evangelize of the Gospel message in its sim- the non-Christian world we must not plicity." neglect the centers of its life. The Roman Catholics entrench themselves The large centers of population, in cities, and while we should not imihowever, should not be deemed less tate their cathedrals or many of their important than the country districts. methods, we may at least recognize The tendency of many of the missions their wisdom in this respect. has been to develop work in the villages rather than in the cities. This For all this work, the wise missionis natural, for the farmers and small ary selects the vital themes of the Gosshop-keepers, who form the greater pel. When face to face with rank part of the village population, are heathenism there is no time for doubts more open to the Gospel. Life is sim- or secondary truths. In such circumpler, temptations fewer, distractions stances, and in none other, for that smaller, faith easier than in the cities matter, sin is not "the metamorphosis where worldliness and vice and of transformation" or "the pathheathenism and race prejudice are ological diagnosis of devitalization." often fiercely intensified. It is harder Preach about sin and atonement, the to make an impression on a great city need of men and the love of God. The than on a small town. There is a inspired direction of the prophets of larger mass of hostile or indifferent old is still in force: "Gird up thy public opinion to be faced by the in- loins,-and speak unto them all .that I dividual convert, while it is far more command thee" (Jer. i: 17), "whether difficult for him to observe the Sab- they will hear or whether they will bath. Of course, this is the history forbear" (Ezek. ii: 7). of Christian work the world over, at home as well as abroad. But on the Let us not be misled by the idea foreign field the eagerness to obtain that men will be converted wholesale immediate results, the pressure from by any patent device. An eminent and the home churches to report conver- sincere worker in China says that sions, the greater willingness of the present missionary methods remind villagers to hear the Gospel, the fre- him of the old-time sexton who went quently remarkable way in which the about a church and lighted each lamp Spirit of God has moved upon vil- separately, and that we ought to adopt lages, and the inexorable fact that the method of the modern sexton, workers have been too few to preach who goes behind the pulpit and touches everywhere, have combined to lead a button. "Convert a dozen of China's the missionaries away from the cen-· leaders," he cries, "and YOLt will conters. For this wide itineration the vert China." I do not believe in that missionaries deserve great credit. It kind of conversion. I sympathize involves separation from the family, rather with James Gilmour who, in a and often much physical hardship. letter shortly before his death, wrote: Those who have been doing it should "I am becoming mG~e and more im- prest with the idea that what is wanted in China is not new, lightning meth-

IlSSIOXARY AT WORK

ods so much as good, honest, quiet, the Gospel upon human life, it is earnest, persistent work in old lines surely within his prOV111ce to show and ways. Some changes in method them not only how to be saved for are indeed required, but not those that the future, but how to live for the involve the abandonment of Christ's present. As a matter of fact, mission- method of dealing with men." aries have done this and are doing it To what extent should missionary in all lands.

work include efforts at social reform? A signal instance of the wise use- This is a disputed question among fulness of the missionary in matters missionaries themselves. Some urge of reform occurred in Siam. Gam- that the missionary should not con- bling is the national vice of Siam. It cern himself at ali with such move- was licensed and even encouraged by ments, his efforts being to instil in the the government. The monopoly of minds of men the great formative prin- the gambling place in every town was ciples of the Christian religion, and auctioned off to the highest bidder.

then leave those principles to work The successful concessionaire erected their own legitimate results through a large building in a central location.

saved men. They urge that Christ Music and theatrical performances and His apostles followed this meth- added to the attractiveness of the od, and inasmuch as sin is the root place, and, particularly in the evenings, difficulty, the missionary in solving the almost the whole population assembled.

problem of sin is really bringing to There were one hundred and three the heathen the ultimate solution of all large gambling houses throughout their moral problems. the interior of Siam, besides a great On the other hand, there are those number in Bangkok, the capital. The who insist that the missionary can demoralizing consequences can be not be indifferent to the practical ap- readily understood.

plication of the principles of the Gos- This vice was vigorously combated pe! to human society; that when or- by the missionaries led by the Rev.

phans in India are starving in time of Dr. Eugene P. Dunlap, who had large famine, the first duty of the mission- influence with all classes. They were ary is to provide needed nourishment powerfully reinforced by the Hon.

for the body and not simply to tell Hamilton King, the American minis- them about the Gospel and leave them ter, a man of high Christian character to die; that when opium-smoking in who has won the respect and confi- China is a bar to the progress c! the dence of the Siamese Government.

Gospel, it is the duty of the mission- Doctor Dunlap and Mr. King frank- ary to ally himself with the effort to ly represented to the king that the remove that bar; and that where the gambling habit was inimical to the blind, the insane, the deaf and dumb best interests of Siam and that the are wholly uncared for, the mission- money that the government derived ary who passes "by on the other side" from it was obtained at a ruinous cost exposed himself to the indignant cen- to character and legitimate industry.

sure which Christ and the whole The king listened and the result was Christian world since His day have the issuance of a royal decree, Janimposed upon the heartless, hypocrit- uary, 1905, ordering the abolition of ical "priest" and "Levite." these gambling concessions by April, It seems to us that extreme views 1907· in either direction are to be avoided But while a missionary may very and that the mediate course is the properly interest himself in such re- proper one. The Gospel was intend- form movements, care should be taken ed to save men both for this life and not to give them too much time and, for the life to come, and when a mis- in particular, not to allow them to sionary goes among people who are take the place of the more direct and wholly ignorant of the bearings of vital forms of missionary work. The

missionary is preeminently a man who best. In the words of the Rev. Dr.

is working at the iounclations of char- Charles Cuthbert Hall: "The mission- acter and morals. and useful as he ary, to be appreciated, should be seen may be as a reformer he will make on his own ground. The missionary a great mistake if he becomes a re- on furlough is at a disadvantage. Too fonner only. often he is overshadowed at home by It is apI;arent from what has been the official dignity of boards and com- statcd that missionary work is not mittees; he appears unrelated to the easv. The successful missionarv must local interests of Vestern commit- be -a hard worker. His task ii great tees; he represents things of which ancl difficult Both he and the Church many Westerners are densely ig- at home must recognize the fact that norant, and toward which they ex- this is not a crusade whose object is hibit a pitiful indifference. The mis- to be attained by a magnificent spurt. sionary feels all this, and is ill at ease. Error and superstition are so inter- If one would know him as he is, one woven with the whole social and political fabric of the non-Cllristian should see him in the environment of world that Christianity seems to it to his work, the administrator, the guide, be subversive. For a long time other the spiritual leader, the man of love faiths were indifferent to the Gospel, and grace; his influence a commanding but as priests see more ancl more power, his spirit the gentleness of Christ."

clearly what changes Christianity in- volves, indifference is giving place to alarm. The ethnic religions are therefore setting themselves in battle ar- THE WORLD AS THE MISSIONARY ray. It would be foolish to ignore MEETS IT their power. foolish to imagine that We must prosecute our work amid we are seeing the last of Buddhism in changed conditions, people at home Japan and Siam, of Confucianism in no longer under illusions as to what China, of Brahmanism in India, the heathen are, and the heathen no and of ::Iohammedanism in Turkey. longer under illusions as to what we Heathenism will die hard. are. The romance of missions in the popular mind has been dispelled, and The world. the flebil and the devil the missionary is 110t now a hero to arc in Asia as well as in :".merica, and the average Christian. Ve do not fighting- harder. It is no holiday task confront a cringing heathenism, but to which we have set ourselves. We an aroused and militant Asia which are engaged in a gigantic struggle in has awakened to a new consciouswhich there are against us "the prin- ness of unity and poweL The old is cipalities. the powers, the world rulers passing away and a new created of this darkness." :"Jeee! ha.ve we of world springs up, but a world that patience, of determination, of "the is not Christian. The Japanese vicstrength of His might and the whole tory over Russia has enormously inarmor of Goe!." ife must sternly creased this spirit so that to-day not face our task in the spirit of the man only Japan but China and India and who, as Browning said, .c. • • never turned his back, but marched Turkey are aflame with the spirit of hreast-forward; resistance to the white man's domi- nation. Asia for the Asiatic is now ="ever doubted clouds would break; the cry, and we must reckon with it.

)fever dreamed, tho rig'ht were worsted, wrong would triumph; Held we fall to rise, He baffled to fight . Thus while some difficulties such as better, Sleep to wake." physical hardships and isolation have diminished, new obsbc1es of a In the conduct of this vast and va- formidable character have emerged.

ried work, the missionary is .1t his REV. A. J. IlROWN.

EDITORIALS

THE POWER OF HUMAN TESTIMONY knowing well what the result would be.

Some would depreciate the need Xow I see distinctly He helps me every of the living voice, in missionary day, Vhil~ receiving nothing in shape of compensatlOll.

work, because the Vonl of God is ~ .send herewith it money order for 25 now so abundantly and cheaply fur- shlllll1gs. Please buy as many copies of nished in over 400 languages and "Marked Testament" as thc amount will dialects, that it ma " be used as God's permit and distribute them free among OU.r Messenger to the l~ations. But God's brothers and sisters, still in darkness. May God the Father give them will and sight to purpose is clearly indicated in the lind the truth by themselves. One copy you two parables in ::Uatthew xiii. In gave me produced so many copies of interthe first, the "seed is the 'vVorc! of est, so I hope I will also be successful as God"; but in the second, "the good you have been. God will help us to sow the same rate of interest this time also as our seed are the children of the king- object is to promote Christian faith.' (Signed) R. D. de S – . dom" ; and He uses both in the world District Hospital, Dimbulla, C!?ylon. field. vVe must not forget th<1 t the eunuch of Ethiopia. with the scrip- THE POWER OF INTERCESSION tures open before him, and devoutly A well-known and intimate friend reading, said: "How can I under- of ':lrs. Stowe has given to the public stand what I read, except some mall an incident so pathetic and instructive should guide me?" Has not God or- that it ought to have rwriedaedsetrcs umrraeyncbv~' dained that experiellce shall be 1111 ex- and tho many of ou positor, and that the believer, whose familiar with it, we here put t on rec- heart and life have learned the sa- onl for the sake of a much larger ving, sanctifying power of the word. number 'ho need its inspiration: shall interpret it to the inquirer? During the latter part of her life THE POWER OF THE WORD :J rs. Stowe's consecration took high forms. She put great faith in prayer, A native of Ceylon recently wrote to and gave herself to the kind of dedia woman in Ceyl~n who had "given him cation which exercises and cultivates a Marked Testament: it. One, very dear to her, seemed I read it at lirst with a critical eye, and sinking away from the faith in which found man" mistakes and impossibilities: she trusted, and to which life and sor- I certainly'expected to lind better things, row had tanght her to cling as only as 1 then respected Christ as an able ,'u- those who have suffered and doubted thor of a religion-especially of onc pmfest and accepted can. by so many people, in all. parts of the world-so I continued my reading it m'er This prospect was a crushing grief and over again, paying greater attention to and she set herself resolutely to avert the mistakes and impossibilities I found ill the calamit'. Letter after letter- some. thirt)' pages long-found its it. The reading of it was very uninterest- way from her pen to the foreign town ing and tiresome for about two years. in "'hich German rationalism was do- About the third year, I began to like and respect the little Book and its Author. This time I did not find a single lIlistake or illl- ing its worst for the soul she loved. possibility in it. About December last. I She set the full force of her intellect intelligently to work. She reasoned. changed my faith altogether, but I feared wrote. argued. pleaded. Months to tell it to nw relatiws who are staunch Buddhists. ~~w I have no fear for any- body 2.S to my change of faith. I am sorry passed in what seemed a vain effort. I did not become a Christian earlier. I Then she laid aside her pen, and have received God's help several times when it was needed. The Almighty God as the season of the sacred holiday apand most mercifnl Father has changed me proached, shut herself from all but wonderfully. I was a victim of vices be- God. and prayed as onlv such a fore the change-now I am afraid to think woman can. As she had "set the full of doing bad, as I am watched by the force of her intellect. so now she set Father. It is a hard thing to yiolate the the full power of her faith, to work bws of a country in the eyes of its ntlcr,

1.IISSlO)i.RY REVIEW OF THE WORLD l ;..;ovelllber

upon her soul's desire. Une may not something cantagioLs and in fectious elwell in words upon that s~cred about the war spirit. Even woman's battIe. mind and heart, constitutionally keener But the beautiful part of the story, in sympathetic sensibilih· to human as I have been told it, is that a few suffering, becomes hardeiied and even weeks after this a letter reached her, obdurate ill the midst of the carnival saying only; "At Christmas time a of blood. During the revolution, light came to me. I see things dif- those awful years of slaughter, from ferently now. I see my yay to ac- 1789 to 1795, French women kept in cept the faith of m)" fathers; and the theit boudoirs miniature guillotines helief ill Christianity, which is every- for the decapitation of dolls, from thing to YOll, has become reasonable ,"hose severed necks issued a red fluid and possible to me at last." imitating blood. In the late Boer Var, E. s. PHELPS. a British soldier wrote a letter home which found its way into the Jll~bli~ THE EVANGELIST AND THE INFIDEL press, boasting that, after a battle, he Ready wit sometimes is more went about with his bayonet, "finishpowerful than any argument, and ing" a score or more of "fellows" ridicule is a mighty weapon if wisely weltering in their blood! Vhat would used. Jedediah Burchard, the bril- be thought of any s11ch act of whole- sale murder-and murder of the helpliant evangelist of the middle years less and unresisting-anywhere but on of the 19th century, who swept like the battle-field! a flame over New York and K ew England, was holding great prayer- Vhen ,,"ill men learn the beauty of meetings at Danbury, Conn" before that Arab motto-that "the staff of his preaching ser-rices. And at one Omar was more dreaded than the of these crowded prayer services, sword of his predecessors," and that when many were asking prayers for sublime saying of Bishop Lightfoot ullsaved relatives, and friends, and a that our Lord tanght us how "the conyoung man had earnestly besought vicfs gibbet is the victor's car"!

prayer for an aged father, a blatant THE FINAL OUTCOME AT THE HAGUE infidel who haunted the meetings simply to interrupt, jumped up ariel :.'11ud1 confidence was reposed in said, "Mr. Burchard! I want to ask Joseph II. Choate; the gifted leader prayers for-the Dc~'il /" "Go right of the American delegation at the on praying, hrethren," said Mr. Hague Peace Conference, that he Burchard, "this man also wants his would use his strong personalitv and father praycd for '" That interrupter vigorous advocacy to make this' gTeat neyer again was heard at a meeting. representative body a "parliament of A vvise use of the ludicrous is often man, a federation· of the world," for a great help in dealing yith those the accomplishment of Te1l11""On's whom no other means can reach. But lofty ideal, the spiking of guns, the it must be in careful hands, like any furling of battle-flags, and the sub- other sharp tool. stitution of peaceful mediation for IN THE INTEREST OF PEACE the arbitrament of the S"orcl. iIr.

Choate did not fall behind popular It must be a strange sort of a Chris- expectations in his earnestness and tian, or even human being, who can efficiency. But peace as yet can regard with indifference the attempts scarce! ,. be said to have settled down of leading monarchs, statesmen and lIpon the world, like a dove. .iIr.

philanthropists to establish "A Parlia- Choate urged the creation of a per- ment of ~len, a Federation of the manent, international High Court of VorJd" in the interests of the aboli- justice, and declared that for sllch a tion or at least the abatement of the l)()dy of delegates to acknowledge horrors and terrors of war. There is their inability to effect snch result

EDITORIALS

n)Uld be a disgrace to theL intelli- ence. representing 5,641 persons in gence, capacity and integrity. In Scotland, 151,884 in England, inclu- fact there were rumors that he had ding 23 members of Parliament, 58,145 stated that he would not leave the (;ennans. and 2.000,000 Americans, Hague while such result hung 111 the inc1lHlillg the membership of many balance. societies represented by the signatures of ufficials. The getting of signatures There ma- be SOll1e difficulty ill the occupied months of persistent effort final constittltion of this High Court. on the part of :'Iliss .-1111a B. Eckstein :0 little diplomacy mar be needful and her coVorkers in Scotland, Great to adjust it so as to suit all the con- Britain and Germany. The first stituency which must be united in its names were affixt in january, 1907, support. But we believe it is coming. at a meeting of the A.merican Peace ,. small committee was constituted Societ-. and Hall. Rohert Treat to consider the allotment of judges, Paine: its president. and Dr. Benand they agreed upon at least two jamin F. Trueblood, its secretary, basal principles: first. the equality of headed the list. The petition reads as all states in their election; and sec()lld- 11-, the supreme criterion. their el1i- follows: l1ence as jurists. apart from con- The uude rsiglle<i respectfully express sideration of natiollalit-. : rr. Choate their earnest .{ish that at this seconcl I-Tague Conference a Gelleral Arbitration said: Treat}' he agreed upon. hy virtue of which it will hec0111c a matter uf honor with each Sp~aking for the t:nitell Slales 1 "lJl1ld nation to refer all international disputes he perfectly willing to cntrust the fortunes which can 110t lw se!lled through the diplo- of the conrt and the success of the con- matic sen-ice to the Yodel Tribunal at The ference in creating it to the result of such llagnc for it1'c,tigation anel settlement. an election. So snre am 1 that the estab- lislullent of this court would he a great THE WORK OF THE Y.M.C.A. triumph for civilization and justice and an effectual guarantee for the peace of the ..t the sixty-third anniversary of the world that 1 urge with all the earnestness Young :'I[e11 's Christian Association, of which I am capable the adoption of one the London, .ssociatiol1 bade farewell uf the proyisional schemes now snggested. to Exeter II all. The editor-in-chief made the closing address. speaking of The conference has a(lopted certain the Young :'If en's Christian .-ssocia- "ar rules, one of the 1110St important tioll~its era, its great cxalll/,/c, and being that hostilities must not beg-ill its magnificent crra/ld. withol1t l1nequivocal notice "hich shall be c01Jlmunicated yithuut cklay :5 to its era, of all the golden ages of to all the neutral Powers. Other pro- history, the Victorian age has been the forevisions relate to the rights and dnties most in achic'ement. eclipsing the age of of neutral states in time of war. Dr. the Pharaohs in Egypt, of Leo X. in Italy, Edward Everett Hale says: of Ferdinand and Isabella in Spain, of Louis XIV. in France. and Ivan IV. in vVe need not trouble ourselves about the Russia. Gladstone said that ten years ill o·uns and the torpcdoes. We know per- the Victorian efa for general achievement kelly well ' hat t he machinery of war and progress eclipsed the entire history of means. that the Dreadnoughts and the the world previously. Stupendous achievetorpedoes-these things 011 which we spend ments are possible to-day, absolutely im- $.,00,000,000 every year-will all he in the possible in a thous:l11d years previous to the waste heap before the Ilext forty years arc coming of our Lord, so that men and W0111gone by. Things always perish-the i,lea en ma,- no' be practical giants by the is eternal. mighty instrumentalities and facilities that God has put at their 'lisposa1. Of all the THE GREATEST PETITION AT THE achievements of the Victorian era, none, HAGUE CONFERENCE perhaps, in the moral and religious sphere, eclipse the Young .v1e11·s Christian Asso- ..S an international expressioll to ciation which 1 joined in l"ew York over 1)]"()1l1ote international arbitratio1l. a tifty years ago. It hdped mc at a critical 11etitinn WJS laid before the COllf('"- period of Ii fe; 11 ('1 p(' II to keep 111e within

moral and religious restraints; turned my BOURNEVILLE-A MODEL CITY attention anew toward the ministry; he1!led to train me in debate; to bring me into hal- Mr. George Cadbury, of Birming- lowed associations; it helped my heart, ham, of cocoa fame, is also a Chris- tian philanthropist. Forty years conscience and will. ago he began in Birmingham an The Young Men's Christian Association adult Bible class, still flourishing, which meets at 8 A. M. every Sun- has been a great Ull ificr to the Christian day, and, with its branches, has a Church. It represents those things in which membership of 1,800. Mr. Cadbury all evangelical believers are united; what comes into town, five miles, to break- things separate us are, by its very constitu- fast with his teachers at 7 o'c1ock- tion, kept out of sight. That great man who this man who has 4,000 men and is uplifting the whole negro race in Amer- women in his employ. ica, Booker Washington, in opening the great Charlestown Exhibition said, speaking Xot content to run a great manu- of the negro and the white races: "They facturing business on Bible prin- may be as separate as the fingers on my ciples, he has been the actual creator hand, but like the fingers on my hand, they of this model city, a suburb of Bir- ought to cooperate in everything true, and mingham, and adjoining the cocoa noble, and pure for the advancement and works. This has cost $1,000,000, and uplifting of the human race." So the Young is entirely independent of his busi- Men's Christian Association has found out ness, tho probably most of the that we may be as separate as the fingers householders are in his employ. He of the hands, but we ought to combine in seeks no financial returns, for it is concentric efforts for the uplifting of hu- not a business venture, and is so manity. That is one of the greatest things guarded by a board of trustees, that ever done for the Christian Church. it can never be turned to individual profit. It is self-supporting, how- Few realize what the power of this Lon- ever, and yields a profit that will go dOll Association has been. One of the fore- to establish other model settlements. most generals in the Japanese army, and one of the admirals in the Japanese navy, Bourneville numbered 600 houses were both of them presidents in turn of the last year and nearly 3,000 people. Young :Ien's Christian Association in con- Each lot has a ganlen with fruit nection with the Annapolis Military School trees, the house covering a quarter where they studied, and this Association of the lot, being ornamental and at has achieved triumphs the world over. a minimum rent. Over 300 appli- cants can not yet be housed. Exeter Hall is to become a thing of the past. Every particle of wood and wall has, :'IIr. Cadbury believes God made . in a sense, a new quality from the sacred the land for man at large and not eloquence that has rung through this hall for the few monopolists. He spares from some of the most illustrious men, dead 110 pains to provide cheap, healthy, or living. This place seems the one place and happy homes. The death rate that ought not to have passed from under is only about eight-nineteenths of the pos,;ession and control of the Christian the rate in Birmingham, painful ail- ments ~il1g especially rare. There Church. For seventy-six years it has been are 110 liquor saloons in this model connected with philanthropic, religious and city and no slums. The settlement missionary work, the Ol1e evangelical and is founded on the great laws of God evangelistic center of the whole world. It given to Moses, carried out in the would be a shame were there anv trouble in the erection of this ilCW building for the spirit of JeStlS Christ. Mr. Cad- Young :VIcn's Christian Association. bury's idea is one of brotherly service This great new building shonld be tri- and a sharing of the blessings of ml1phantly erected. These are no times for nrosperity. hesitation or delay. The enemy is massing all his forces. Let the Christian Church rally to the standard of King Immanuel, pierce the center of the enemy, turn his staggermg wings, and sending along' the whole liue of battle the imperial clarion call of duty and privilege in the service of God, move on with all her hosts in an over- whelming charge and drive the enemy from the gate.

MISSIONARY

AMERICA-SOUTH AND NORTH tiling-toll Fund would support the pro- posal with a gift of iI.OOO a year, The Neglected Continent The Arthington Committee, after careful deliberation, have consented to The Bishop of the Falkland Islands, s~nd out a missionary party to invesin the Soutlz American Jlissiollan tIgate and report lipan the prospects of M agazille, makes a strong plea for this a new mission to the heathen tribes of neglected land : South America, They have granted the necessary subsidv on the under- "The needs of South America!" How standing that the que~tion of the adopgreat and pathetic they are! The world's tion of the mission, after the initial empty continent-the hope of the future- effort, be left for subsequent decision, the home to be of millions of Europeans who are already beginning to flow there in Home Mission Work in Foreign Potts a steady stream-it is withont true religion, and does not recognize its danger! The Foreign ~Iission Boards of the The form of the faith prevalent is the L'nited States and Canada have weakest and most corrupt known, and it is initiated a new foreign mlSSlonarv impossible to believe that the rising young work. They have appointed a cOlnnationalities of the continent can long be mittee to look after the religious needs content with it. Indeed, they are 110t content of American and English communities with it now, What hope is there for Ar- in foreign ports to cooperate with the gentina, for example-that Spanish-speak- Christian men and women in these ing United States of the future-without communities in the building and maintrue religion? tenance of union churches, Robert E. Speer and Harn V, Hicks are mem- What part have English people to bers of that committee. At the presbear in this? There are at least 50,- ent time the committee is seeking, at 000 British in Argentina alone, and the request of the union churches in 10,000 in Chile, Clergy and teachers, Kobe and Yokohama, good men to churches and schools, are needed in act as pastors for these churches, and many places for our own people, jf is soliciting also financial help to the they are to be saved from lapsing- extent of, $2,600 for the current year, from the faith, The South American to supplement what these churches are Missionary Society, recognizing this themselves able to provide, with the need, is increasing the number of its expectation that within a few vears chaplaincies, but a much greater in- they will both be self-supporting~ crease is needed than the society is at present in a position to attempt. Bibles for Foreigners and New Americans The aboriginal races of South The N ew York Bible Society makes America have not yet received their an interesting appeal for its' work. -share of even that ~ery poor and in- Xew York City is now adding 316 adequate amount of obedience vhich people every day to its population, has been yielded to our Lord in this There are, or were, when the appeal matter. There has been less mission- was sent to the printer, 1,524,000 ary enterprise in South America than foreign-born and 1,687,000 born of in other parts of the world. I be- foreign parents, leaving le§ than 1,- lieve the majority of the popldation in 000,000 of the population as Ameri- Peru and Bolivia is Indian, What a cans of the second generation, There grand field for Christian enterprise! are now 978 Protestant churches, with sittings for 675,000 people. Com- A New Mission for South America pared with three years ago, Manhattan has 2 fewer Protestant churches, 5 Mr, Philip Cadby, of England, has more Roman Catholic, and 18 more promised £2,000, with further prom- Jewish synagogs, ises for the future, if the Baptist 11issionary Society of England will inaugurate an effort on behalf of the Neglected Continent. After prayerful consideration, the Committee has agreed to open the work if the .1'-

~IISSI():'~R" REV1FW OF T1IE 'OH.LD /:occl1lber

Vacation Bible Schools 111likrl study this S1111JIltT reached The value of Bible study is l'wVt'd ncarly 600 and the enthusiasm and by daily experience. and the plan of in~erest 1"e1'e so great that a com- daily religious teaching of the chil- 1111ttee of arrangements has been ap- dren in the cities in vacation Bible pointed by the Chautauqua manage- schools has been so successful in .:e" ment in conference with the Central York City since its inauguration in Committee on the unitecl study of 1901, that the Board of the Xational missions, insuring a prominent and Fe.deration of Churches this year ap- permanent place on the programs of p01l1ted Rev. R G. Boville national the Chautauqua assembh·. This is the director of the movement in order that third year of lectures ;111 these text- it might be extended to other cities. books at Chautauqua and the demand Last slimmer twcnh"-three churches has steadily increased for this depart- and other building; in Xew York ment of work by the women who were daily used for children's Bible spend their vacations at this greatest schools. This is one way to solve of summer schools.

the immigration problem, the anarchist The lectures this year were g'iven problem, the social evil problem, and by Mrs. ~Wi1Iiam A. Montgomery and hundreds of other evils. Mrs. Henry W. Peabody and were Altho the National Committee was largely attended.

appointed only in May, the local With the hearty approval and sup- Church Federation committees were port of the management the Central organized within four weeks in these Committee will arrange next year for two cities. in the interest of Vacation courses of lectures on methods in mis- Schools for Children. In Philadel- sionary work and on the text-book phia twelve schools enrolled 3,868 chil- l1nsurpassed at any of the summer dren and 1,117 were in average daily conferences of missions. Circulars attendance. Each of the I, 117 chil- will be issued in due time giving full dren spent thirty hour5 during July particulars. These can be obtained and Angnst in Bible study and song. from mission boarcls or the manage- and thirty hours in manual work, sl1ch ment at Chautauqua, Xew York.

as hammock-making, raffia work, and Similar summer schools of mission sewing, in which the steady purpose study were held this year also at of the schools was to produce and de- Northfield, Mass., and Vinona, Ind.

velop Christian character. A Men's Missionary Convention To seek to chronicle the destiny woven bv these twelve Vacation Bible Another large men's mIssIOnary Schools 'into the lives of the children convention is to be held in Philadel- of Philadelphia would he vain, but if phia, February lIto 13, 1908, under order and industry; if music and the auspices of the Presbyterian Boarcl friendship instead of street clamor; if of Foreign Mis.sions. There is prom- better words and deeds; if the Lord's ise of as great a gathering as tbat Prayer and the Ten Commandments; which met at Omaha last year.

if child memories stored with heaven's Episcopal Men's Thank-offering message interpreted by loving culti- vated Christian friends is of any avail, It seems probable that N ew York then more than 3,800 of these children and Pennsylvania will give at least will remember in years to come the $200,000 each in ,the Episcopal Men's Daily Vacation Bible Schools of 1907. Thank-offering. The offering from Missions at Chautauqua Massachusetts promises to be about $60,000. In the individual parishes.

Vomen of W~estern New York, the Church of the Advent, Boston.

Pennsylvania, Ohio and Canada now will have an offering of $10,800.

have a summer school of missions at Trinitv and Emmanuel, Boston, also Chautauqua. The registration for report" $h,OOO and $3,000, respectively.

C;E:ERL :'IllSS10X:1{Y

The larg-t.'~;t lJfoportlOnatc gltt IS evi- known since becoming an American (lentl that of tht Church of the Re- Congregationalist. deem-cr, Chestnut Hill, whose men ex- pect to make an offering of at least The call was issued bv the officers $3,600. That gifts on behalf of the ()f thc Congregational Education So- M. T O. are not confined to well-to-do ciety and Prof. Calvin Clark, of Ban- Churchmen is evidenced, in part at gor Seminary presided. least, b' the assurance that the lads and yot~ng men of the Cuttington Col- The discussion followed more or legiate and Divinity School at Cape less closely the outline suggested ill Palmas, Liberia, have had the matter the speech of welcome by President in mind. Xinety-three of the 111 Campbell, of the Education Society, pupils have made offerings ranging which was as follows: from three to ninet–six cents. Their gifts, with those o(some of the teach- 1. The various groups of foreigners in ers, make a total of $20.52 from this om country and their location, particularly missionary outpost. .-gain Bishop with reference to the existing institutions Brent writes of the band of twentv -namely, Scandinavian, German, Slavie, Chinese communicants in one of tile the Latin Group, the Finns and Poles, also Manila missions yho have sent him the Southern Whites. $39, with the request that it be desig'- nated for St. John's College, Sha11ghai. 2. (a) The pastoral needs of each group- -Spirit of Missions. that is, a thoroughly trained ministry of men, or of women helpers. (b) What is The Presbyterian Home Boa~d the range of instruction required by tht' several nationalities? (c) The equipment Here is a summan- of the work ()f which we now have as a denomination. (d) the Board of Home -lIissions for thc The work done by the separate institutions year April 1, 1906, to ::Iarch 3 T, I <)07. for the distinctive groups. together with some items of penl1anent equipment employed in the IHJrk: 3. (a) Where do the burdens rest most heavily? (b) Where are the demands most !umber of churches aided by the Board. urgent? (c) Possibilities of adjustment and 1,505; number of missionaries, including 39 realignment of work. Cuban. Porto Rican, :Mexican and Indian helpers, 1,291; *number of missionary 4. Vhat need and plans for future con-, teachers, 458; additions on profession of fel'ence' faith, 7,265; additions on certificate, 5,0-1-6; total membership, 63,647; total in congrega- "'hether our prescnt seminaries as tions, 69,8¢; adult baptisms, 3,039; infant noy nm can do the work which needs haptisms, 2,684; Sunday-schools organized, to be donc in preparing men to preach T07; number of Sunday-school" 1,575; the Gospei to the newcomers and to membership of Sunday-schools, 93,608; lead them as pastors and administrachurch edifices (value $2,928,3-H), 1,278; tors, or -hether thev must alter their church edifices built (cost, $253,05 2 ). 73: ideals and methods somewhat to meet church edifices repaired (cost, $45,1]4), 170 : new conditions, or whether new instichurch debts cancelled, $g6,79-1-; churches tutions should be established-these having rectched self-support, II9; churches are questions which naturally arise organized. )2-1-; receipts for cm'rent work in after stich differing statements as were all departments of the Board, $965.737.87. macle last week. The important fact now is that the issue is up, it is being Theological Seminaries and Home Missions faced, and wisdo111 borne of further investigation and conference will set- Tn the opinion of President 2[ac- tle the matter.-Thc Congregationalist. kenzi~ of Hartford Theological Seminary the conference 'hich met in Bos- Present Condition of Monnonism ton' to discuss foreigners in America (December 5) was the most import- A. 1;tah resident-not a missionan" ant denominational gathering he has -writes in the Presbyterian Home Mission 11onth'-v that as might have ." of these 21 are ordained luissionariesof the Board been anticipated the effect in Utah and nine are native evangelists and interpreters, of the decision of the Senate in the 'hose salaries are paid either i11 whole or in part hy Smoot case was the occasion of the ,Vomell '5 Board. great jubilation on the part of the :[or1110n Churcn and was interpreted as a I-indication of Joseph F. Smith

'flSSlO~~RY REVIEW OF THE WORLD lXovembel'

and the polygamous hierarchy. Polyg- among whom missionaries connected with the following societies are alamous living is more open than ever, ready at work: the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, the China and polygamous new marriages are Inland llission, the Welsh Calvinistic ::'Ilethodist Mission, the New Hebrides reported. . Presbyterian Mission, the North Africa Mission, the American Protes- Very significant is the prominence tant Episcopal Mission, Gossner's Evangelical Lutheran Mission the given to active polygamists at the pub- Bible Christian Mission, and' the Primitive ",Iethodist Mission. lic meetings of the }lormon ChUl;ch.

Immediately after the Smoot decision ;postle H~ber J. Grant returned to Utah. He had fled to England be- cause a warrant was out for his arrest for living openly in polygamy. Apos- tle Grant fears arrest and imprison- Missions of the Scottish Free Church ment no longer, feeling that the Senate .T~e magnitude of the purely foreign has condoned his offense. The ::'I10r- 1111SSlon work of the l]nited Free mons have elected Apostle Grant Church of Scotland is realized by few president of the Societv of Ctah Pio- even of its most prayerful supporters: neers, an organization- of the aristo- Since the union of the two churches crats of the Mormon Church. in the year 1900, our missionaries have In contrast to the honor given by the bee~ evangelizing the clark races in IS Mormon Church to active polygamists regIOns of t~herawbioa;rldin-inCaMpeanCcohluorniya: l?dia. and is the dishonoring of those in the Church who have dared to say that :: atal, and tropical Africa; in the it is the duty of }Iormons to obey the Vest Indies and Trinidad; and in the law of the land. Xew Hebrides Islands of the Pacific The }{ormon Church is making a Ocean. To these peoples-Buddhist strenuous effect to unite the Demo- and Hindu, Parsi and Mohammedan.

cratic and Republican parties in order and demon-worshipers-our Church to defeat the American party at the sends more than 300 ordained medical next election. It is to be hoped that and women foreign missionaries, or the Gentile population will not be de- 44;3 in all, including missionaries'

ceived bv such tactics. WIves.

It is hoped that the anti-polygamy The blessed fruits of all this, under amendment to the Constitution may the guidance of the Spirit of God, we set a seal of disapproval upon the di;- finel: loyalty and immorality of polygamol1s I. In native Christian communities num- bering 85,370 persons, old and young, of Mormond0111. these 5,565 were baptized last year, and 45,987 were communicants. EUkOPE 2. No fewer than 86,90 I of both sexes The Bible for the World received a Bible education daily in the many colleges, theological halls, training institu- The British and Foreign Bible Society has promoted the issue of the tions, and schools conducted by some of Word of God in 409 different tongues. the missionaries. Three-fourths of the volumes issued go to the mission fields. More than 3. Our 50 medical missionaries preached [ .000,000 copies were circulated in the Gospel to upward of half a million of China last year; in India, 693,000, and people waiting to be healed or convalescent; in Russia, 510,000. The circulation in while they tre':'tted 7,000 patients in the hos- Japan was more than double that of the previous year. ~ine hundred na- pitals, and performed more than 12,000 tive Christians are employed as col- surgical operations. porteurs in the various countries. 4. More than a thousand boys and girls The 8 new languages added last rescued from the famine of 1900 continued year to the Society'S list of versions to receive an industrial education, while represent translations needed for tribes another thousand had gone forth as self- snpporters. All were baptized Christians, and some are already communicants.

The income last year was $1,064,- 455.-Jrissinnary Record.

CE:EH..L :'IllSSlO:.RY L'TELLlGE:'CE

Young Emigrants for Canada The Netherlands Missionary Society Doctor Barnardo's homes, which fur The Xetherlallds Society is one of many years past have carried out a the Dlelest lllissionan societies 111 scheme of emigration of selected chil- existence. since it wa~ founded 111 dren to Canada, sent off their fourth 1797, and has been at work in the and last party for the present year. Dutch East Jnelies ;;ince that year. In The party, consisting of I35 boys and l2 stations and a considerable 'number 100 girls, left London for Liverpool, of ant-stations 32 missionary laborers where they embarked in the afternoon were employed in 11)06, through "hose on the S.S. Dominion for Canada. instrumentality 712 heathen were Including these, 1,081 boys and girls brought to Christ and baptized. The have been sent forth by the homes in schools were attended by 1,283 heathen 1907, and their grand total of emi- boys anel 134 heathen girls, while the grants since the scheme was originated native membership of the congTega- is now 19,276. Of these, 98 per cent. tions was 11,316. The income of the have done well. To-day many of these Netherlancls Society was $()7,8()4 in erstwhile waifs are filling positions of 190(j and the year closed with a deficit responsibility and influence. A fare- of $4,7I3. '

well meeting was held in the board- A Laudable Gift room at Padclington. .'fterwarcl, the special train for Liverpool steamed .' consecrated brother an(1 sister in out of the station to the strains of the Silesia owned a spacious home in one Stepney boys' band, amid cheers and of the small towns of that rich provgood-bys from many interested specta- ince of Germany. Surrounded by tors. The Canadian superintendent of large gronnds and gardens, it is an the homes, ::'ITr. A.. B. Owen, is in ideal spot for tired-out men and charge of the party. The older emi- 'omen to recuperate. "ncl as the g-rants will, on arrival in the Dominion, owners thought of this, there came to go to situations already provided for their minds the thought that missionthem, while the younger children will aries. coming home after long years be boarded out in selected homesteads of exhausting labor and deprivations, until such time as the' are able to need, perhaps more than other lawork for themselves. . borers, a change and a rest. Gladly they decided to dedicate their home to Another Union Movement this purpose, and they donated it to the Berlin ~Iissionarv Society. Thus, This time it is a proposition that the the missionaries of 'that society and their families can rest in the be~utiflll English Baptists and Congregational- home in Silesia, after their return from foreign shores and before they go out ists get together, and so famous a to tell the people of God at home, of the victories of the Gospel among the preacher as Dr. Alexander Maclaren, heathen abroad and of the darkness and the neecl of the field. whose sermons go around the worlel, Ye recommend the idea of giving to is back of the proposition. At 8 our missionaries beautiful homes where the,' can rest a while when they church dedication recently Doctor come tire~l and worn-out with cease– less faithful service in the Master's Maclaren said: ' vineyard.

I live in the belief that before some '.Jf you come to my venerable antiquity yaH will see in our great cities a harking beck to the original form of Congregational polity-that we should all be united in one great Church. Baptists are uncommonly like Congregationalists-and why in the name of goodness these two great com- munities should stand as isolated as thev Anti-Clerical Movement in Italy are passes my wit and I hope passes the wit of a great many of us. It would unify ~ot since I870, when the Pope was our communitv. It would immensely yotecl out of his throne by his own strengthen ottr' witness. It would give u's subjects, and Cardinal .'ntonelli had fa r more power in the state.

I : oH:mber

to send to King 'ictor Emmanuel's taken place. The Guvernment of Italy military staff for 1talian soldiers to has 110t onl1" ordered all these institl;- preserve Pope an(I priest from the pop- tions to be inspected, but it is shutting ulace, has such a wave of indignation many up, and ill some eases their against the Roman Catholic Church priest-professors and their sister- -its priests and its institutions- teachers are awaiting trial for unnatswept over Italy. ~ewspapers daily ural crimes. report instances of disrespect to priests even of outrages committed against The Government declares its inthem, and of attempts to burn del'ical tention to punish personal abuse of schools and institutions. Even boys priests and nuns, all attempts to deof thirteen have been taken into cus- stroy property, but it commends the tody for stoning priests of the Church. spirit of. indignation which the people are showing against sl1ch scandals, '''hat has cansed this? Facts have saying: "The Minister of Internal come to light of unspeakable immorali- A.ffairs has issued instructions that the ties committed by priests and sisters anti-clerical demonstrations be conin clerical institutions. ]Iany of these ducted orderly. and that all acts of institutions have been discovered to be hostility directed against priests, centers of corruption; priests and sis- monks and nnns be put clown. Even' ters, in charge of infants and of boys serious ClIld 'i.1'orthl' anti-clerical denland girls for their education, have ollstratioll is pe-rlllitted, but Gil}' been deliberatelv and systematicalh' tltmultuous display of hostitit)' to illcorrupting then;, practising in thefr dividuals call Ilot be tolerated, as thev midst, and with them, revolting orgies. olzZy compromise that most noble caHS~ These things first came to light in of morality alld of liberty all behalf of Milan, then in Brescia, then in "enice, 'i.1'lzie!z the people of Italy are rOlLsing then in Florence, then in Rome and themselves at the prescllt tilllc." Naples. As S0011 as it was ascertainecl that they existed in }Iilan, the Govern- England and America should order ment ordered a thorough investigation an inspection of all such institutions. to be made of the state of matters in REV. _LEX. ROBERTSO~, V.D ..• of Venice. all clerical institutions, and these scandalous reports are the result. ASIA These are institutions to which Prot- From the Golden Hom to the Persian Gulf estant fathers and mothers in England and in Scotland send their daughters A. German company ,,·ith help of to learn foreign languages and finish the Emperor and the Sultan, have setheir education. Education in Italy is cured a concession for the construction national, secular, compulsory, and lay. of a railroad from Constantinople to :'fo priest, no sister, no monk, 110 nun, Bagdad and the Persian Gulf, a disfinds a place as teacher in any of the tance of 1,700 miles. Already 120 national schools in the land. Italy miles have been built. The company knows the danger, the peril, of per- have a grant of land for twelve miles mitting such to come into contact with on each side of the track. There are the youth of the land. But the na- wonderful agricultural anclmineral retional schools onlv touch the lives of sources to be developed. The petrochildren between thell" sixth or seventh leum field in the region of Babylon and and twelfth or thirteenth year. The the Tigres and Euphrates Valley is Church of Rome, taking advantage of thought to be many times richer than this, has opened all over Italy schools the Baku field. Mesopotamia promises for infants and coIleges and high to be a great cotton-growing country. schools for young men and yotlng and Syria and Anatolia are adapted to women. It is in these infant schools wheat. The next few years will seC' and in 'chese clerical colleges ;111<1 h:gh a wonderful developm~nt here; and schools that these immoralities haw what this means commercially and po- l;'·:~~lh· it i" hard to coniectl1re. These 1·,.,1. ,,.l'ich have heen" lying almost ('IIJpty {If pc'opk. Illay l!l' de"tillcd ',,(l(>11 n:a~()ll j( l bdievt: that. i [ ;-;lIjJjJorted by to teelll with populatioll as ill thc an- the home Church. it will develop into a strong institution, stlch as Robert cient times. College, ur the colleg'e at Beirut. Up to a fe" years ago, 1110st of the pupils The Significance of a Flag I'cre from the 110n-:: [oslem peoples- Dr. F. Johnson, 'ho IITtlt from Pal- r ,nncnians. CYS, Zoroastrians. Last estine to Baghdad to reopen the med- ical mission, has now returned to Eng-' year, of 220'])0)'S, 128 'ere :Ylos1ems, land. In an account of his winter's and man v of them frol11 noble families. work he gives particulars of cases illustrating the characteristic "ay in [-{('raid alld Pr(,.I'bytcr. 1 hich patients show their gratitude. One point of interest is that the sim- Christian Students in India ple Arabs, on leaving the hospital after being cured. carry with them a flag In the recent examinations at the as a mark of gladness; by this means l'niversity of ::Iadras, the names of 44 the name of Christ is carried into re- Indian Christians appear in the B.A. gions where the messenger of the Gos- list, and 2 in the ::L. list. ]n ad{lipel has never been. Doctor Johnson tion, the names of 300 native Chris- tians appear ill the list of sllccessful writes: candidates for matriculation. A native Christian student, too, took the highest The flag' is nothing more than a piece of place in the ~I.B. examinations, and 2 white calico which is fixt to a stick or Syrian Christians passed creditably in reed; it is, however, sufficient to indicate another. This intellectual progress that something special attaches to the jour- within the native Christian community ney, and passers-by are told 011 questioning is a very hopeful sig-n. and is full df that the flag is that of "al .iIessiah,'· or, promise for the future. sometimes, that of the Protestant dodeL Thus, these simple people gi'e expression Help for India's Women to their joy and gratitude, In 50n1<' dim way they have learned that the hospital and Forh' million WOl11en in India are the cure thev have obtained art' COllnected imprisoned ill Zenanas where the outwith the l;ame of "al :'Ilcssiah" (the side world is 11l1knmYIl and unseen. Christ); whatever more in the way of The physician and sometimes the misteaching they may have grasped dming sionary are admitted and give wondertheir short stay in the hospital. little more ful glimpses of a larger world beyond, than that indicated by the flag survives ill but their souls are dark. their memories. I have seen the simple calico flag used by parties of ;rabs when in Fifty per cent. of the women of I npursuit of those upon whom they wish to elia die prematurely or are invalided work revenge, after, for example, a raid. for life amI there are 27,000,000 wid- Here the carrying of the flag' will denote ows-a widow means disgrace and that the party has S0111e set purpose be- deprivation of the pleasures of life. fore it. So, too, the flag is employed when on pilgrimage for religious purposes, as for How to reach these people and tell example, by a party visiting some shrine, them of the' love of Christ has been the long–tried question which is partly Education in Teheran solved in the Torth India Medical School, where native Christian women Iran Bethel and the bm's' school are are trained to be physicians, Students both day schools of high 'school grade, are taken from various missions, Only a few of the girls remain beyond women of substantial education, and grammar school grade, as homc duties after they have passed the required and early marriage call them away, examinations are trained for physi- Besides, it is a new idea that women cians, and go out to do medical misare capable and worthy of an educa- sionary work. tion. The boys continue longer, as the school fits them for positions with Since this school was established, g-ood salaries. There is such a demand in 1896, 65 trained workers have gone for education that college courses, in- out and 41 are still known to be encluding one in medicine, are now being added to the school. Thpre is every

lITSSIO?ARY REVIEW OF T11E VORLD l ~ovember

gaged ill 1lledical mission work. Six Ie (~ral1de. gives it ~ketch of the posthave died, six have married after office in Singapore. There are letters several years of good service. The for deliven' to Europeans Eurasians others are working in government Malays. Tamils, Bengalis. Parsees: hospitals with the consent of the 111 is- .rabs, /ul11enians. Singalese. and othsionaries who sent them to the medical ers. The postmen have their work school. cut out, and when there comes a Tamil letter they often have to beat up the The urgent need at present is to countryside for the man with no fixt enlarge the work and raise the stand- abode, and they often have to read out ard in order to gain the best minds and the addresses and origin of all their to meet the strict government require- letters at each house they visit. There ments.* are other obstacles in the way of the speedy delivery of letters-dogs, for A Great and Notable Convert example. The lhlay postman is a Mohammedan, and when the friendly vVe have heard, directly from eye- dog accosts him (dogs always accost witnesses, of a priest of eight villages pustmen) the touch is a defilement. in India, who had given his own nose The postman must bathe. And the as an offering to the gods, and 'as bath must be taken before the next himself worshiped as a goel; a priest hour of prayer. Prayers are offered whose violent tongue and blows had five times a day. Some one makes the driven many missionaries fro111 his comment that either the postmaster of neighborhood-who was brought to Singapore has no nerves or he does Christ by the persistency an.,I prayers not open his explosive correspondence. of a vile woman whose heart had been wondrously changed and who resolved The Sible Work in China to win him for Christ. She simply bore all abuse but would not give him Dr. John Fox, Corresponding Secreup. At last he yielded, and astonished tary of the cmerican Bible Society, the missionaries who feared to meet Hites on the subject of Bible transhim, by declaring himself a convert, lations, in connection with the recent and was baptized as Iohn because Shanghai Conference. The Conferthrough the fourth Gospel he found ence of 1890 appointed a committee to salvation. When Swami Vivikenanda make a union version in. ':fandarin, returned to India from his visit to the and two in written dialect, which is United States, he boasted of his power wholly different from the spoken lanto recover this lost Brahman to hi~ guage. Besides this there are 8 prin-· faith. He sent for him to come and cipaJ dialects so distinct -that they may see him, but was informed he had no be called languages. This confusion time to waste on him; then he sent is increased by 20 or 30 minor dialects. coolies with costly gifts, but they re- The recent Conference appointed a turned with their bribes, bearing committee to continue the work of iiIohn's" answer: "As all stars facie translation and asked the British and ~efore the sun, so all the Vivikenandas A.merican Bible Societies to bear the in the world lose their luster wben expense. In addition to the transla- Christ appears." tion of the scriptures the work of Ro- manizing the lang'uage is progressing Singapore the Modem Babel -that is. writing the langnage in Ro- man characters that it 111a y be easih' The fact has often been told that in rea(l. The catalog of the Chines'e the Anglo-Chinese School at Singa- Agency of the American Bible Socipore nearly 40 languages are spoken ety shows a total of 17 different verby the pupils, Mr. Edwar.d Bennett. in sions and 580 ditterent editions ready the London Quarterly, Saint ~fartin's for use. The cost of these editions far exceeds the receipts from sales. * For further information plea$e address :liss A. R. I-.fee, Field Secretary for American Committee. 7 Perry Street, Morristowll, New Jersey.

1y07] GE:ERAL :l1SSIO:.RY l:TELLlGE:CE

The New Woman in China Presbyterian missionaries have done great work ill Formosa. The Japanese .~t Chen-tu, the capitol of Sz-chuen I'rcsbyterian Church is attempting to in 'Vestern China, it is computed there aid the other Presbyterian bodies in are at present II ,000 students. The this great evangelistic movement. The education movement is onh' three work is extending to the savages- years old. There are all k'i11lls of head-hunters. JIr. Dogura, who is a ~chools, some private, others estab- Japanese forest planter and a Chris- lished by the Government, and others tian. has won many of them by his opened by public subscription. The kindness. He offers to support a J ap- students dress in semi-European anese missionary to these degraded fashion, with the embroidered dragon people. A Japanese magistrate on his on the left sleeve near the cuff; even plantation, near where the head-hunt- the scholars of the Christian schools ers live, with a Christian wife, is much have the same decoration; and on the interested. The wife is a trained upturned collar of the coat is a silver nurse. She is trying to learn the lan- medallion, with the character rJenoting the class of school the students be- guage. She said to a missionary: "r longed to. am trying to learn the language of Vhat was my astonishment when these savages and win them by kind- going through the cit~- to see a num- ness and tender care. They believe ber of students with the character for in a goel, but their god is not like "woman" on their collars! 'hen I ours; he is a cruel god, and they think went to some of the missionaries there their god likes to have them cut off and asked what it meant, I was told heads." The Christians of Japan are that the young women of the wel1-to- the ones to carry the Gospel to these do families were now attending girls' poor, benighted "head-hunters." schools and taking the same studies as their brothers. but that with their Missions in Japan girls' attire they could not go out on the street to attend the classes; and so The work in Japan has been going to avoid this they now dress in almost on about forty years, and in a popula- the same cut of clothes as the men. tion of 45,000,000 about 55,000, or ~Irs. Davidson, of the Friends' :Iis- a little more than one in everv 800 of sion, rather amused us by telling of the population, is a Protestant ~believer. her effort to get one of these same And, small as this numher is, the re- ,mazons to go ronnel to the boys' en- sults are out of all proportion to the trance of the school-she herself be- outlay in men, time and money. There ing deceived by the appearance of her are now about 280 married missionvisitor. The fashionable small feet, aries, and nearly 300 unmarried womof course, had disappeared, and the en missionaries-a total of about fair student wore top boots, and I sup- 580 at work-and if we add the Jappose had drill exercises. What a anese native workers. the entire force wonderful change for China! is a little over 1.600 people. But what • REV. JOHN P.RKER. in The Chronicle. are 1.000 in a population, yet un- reached. Df about 45,000,000. If the The Island of Formosa entire force rere equally distributed among the un evangelized, it would This possession of Japan contains still give each man and woman about nearly 3,000,000 inhabitants, of whotl1 28,000 to reach. Yet during 1903. 133,500 are Chinese and about 40,000 about 4,500 converts were baptized. are Japanese. Splendid evang'elistic and there are 330 self-supporting work is now being carried on by the chl1rches, with over 850 Sunday- Japanese Church for the Japanese in schools and 60.000 pupils; and the Formosa. The English and Canadian native churches raised over $90,000 for all church purposes in the year.

Can .'merican and British churches Chinese Students Leaving Japan show a like record? The J 3.000 or l110re Chinese stu- Memorial by Missionaries in Japan L1ents at one time in Tok"o have been reduced to not 1110re than- 8.000. This The .merican missionaries in Ja- marked diminl1tion, accClrellng to the fatal! .liail, is a subject of live COI11pan, to the mUl1uer of 100, have signed ment in Japanese circles. The causes a memorial in which, while disclaiming are said to be: first, the issue of strinany desire to mix in politics, they gent regulations bearil1g on the conassert that their sole desire is to re- duct of these stuclents; and secondly, move misunderstanding and to testify the system org'anized by the Chinese 10 the sense of international justice, C;overn111ent for the control of the the faith, and the friendship of the students, a system which is said by l'nited States, and their belief that the reports of the belligerent attitude some critics to have been devised e;- of the Japanese do not represent the true feeling of the nation. The signa- pressly for the purpose of exercising' tories of the memorial say they desire a strict scrutiny intu the political to record their appreciation of the uni- opiniolls uf the lads. The Mail inversal courtesy and helpfulness of the timates that C;crl1lam and America people and the Government of Japan. have taken ad"antage' of the situation The memorial was signeel by mission- to urge China to send her students to aries of all sects. their schools, and quotes one of the leading Tokyo papers as charging International Reform Bureau in Japan that the system of rapi(1 "finishing" that has been so much discredited in Dr. Vilbur F. Crafts, Superintend- Japan is likely to he inaugurated in ent of the Jnternational Reform Bu- these countries. reau, at ;agasaki completed a series of 33 addresses in the chief cities of AFRICA Japan, Korea and China. He has had important and extended audiences Progress in German West Africa also with Viscount Hayashi, ::'If arquis Ito, Count Okuma, Viceroy Yuan Shih The North German Missionarv So- Kai, and the Yeiwupu, of China. His ciety has just published its annual reefforts have been directed, first, to en- port for T<)O(i, concerning the work listing the cooperation of Japan and among the 900,000 heathen in Togo- China in a proposed ,,'oriel-treaty uf land, the (;erman colony in Vest Afthe great civilized pU"ers of .'merica, rica. The ntlll1lJer of' stations is 6, Europe and .'sia for the prohibition ,yith 8..j. out-statiolls (il at the time of of the sale of intoxicants and opium "Titing), wherc 32 Eurupean missionto savages in the South Seas and in aries (8 w0111en) were assisted by 135 Africa, in the intel-est of market and native laborers. The 103 schools (86 morals. He bas also suught to aid in IC)05) were attendeel by 3,584 puby puhlic speech and private counsel pils (2,g12 in H)05), among whom gOT those who, in Japan and China. are girls ,yere f01111e1. 549 lwathell. 100 of fighting intemperance, impurity. Sab- lhem being children. "cre baptized, an bath-breaking and gamhling. ]-Ie has increase of T82 over 190.=;, and the nll111ber of nati 'c ..-hristians increased brol1ght to the attention of the Jap- to 5.541. Great v-illingness to hear the preaching of 1he C;ospel was foune! anese C;overnment the lax inforce- evernybere, and the hearts of the mis- 111ent of the anti-opium law in FOrl1l1J- sion;uies "erc gladdened by a professa. ::'IJ r5. Crafts. "ho is an actiye ,;ion of faith in Christ fmlll the lips of helper in the York of this bureau and many. The congregations of native Sunday-school Superintendent of the Christians are increasing" in spil-itual- Vodd's VV. C. T. 1~., spoke 15 tin1<..'5 ity, anc! the Gospel of the Prince (~f in promotion of "imilar objects. chiefly 1'eace is confjuering Togoland as It to meetings of women and children.

l<)07J GE:ERAL ~!ISSIOXARY

is many other places of the earth. But by the natives themselves, anel a little since the society had older deficits 011 assembly of Christians there worshipi1and, it now fil;ds itself in debt to the ing Goel day by day the best they know amounts of $14,400. Two missionaries how. This, little church originated of of the 1orth German Socid)' have itself and the Holy Spirit. No one published great literary Corks dur- had been authorized by the mission to ing 1906. ] acob Spieth prepared the begin a catechumen class there. The w()nderf111 book. "The Eoke Tribes," missionaries of Luebo did not even a11<1 D. Vester11lann published a dic- know of its existence. A young man, tionary of the Evhe dialect in two vol- more zealous than intellectual, was tllnes. taught and baptized at Luebo, Re- turning to his village he gather~d to- Progress of the Nigeria Missions gether about IOO persons into a cate- chumen class, and the people built the The Humber of baptized Christians little church. The chief of this village in the Vestern Equatorial Africa Mis- it may be noted, is also at present in sion has greatly increased of late years prison at the State post, Lusambu. and is now .23,487, as compared with 8,336 ten years ago. The growth has A few hours' travel brought us to been chiefly in the Yoruba portion of another village where we discovered the mission and above all in the Ijebu another catechumen class of ten percountry, whence .;201 baptized con- sons, taught by a young man who verts were returned at the end of 1896, hirnself knows only the catechism, but and 7,294 at the end of last year. knows it well. "I ~'as taught and bap- Rapid progress, however, has been tized at Luebo," he said, "and I eame made on the ::-iger, where considerable here to try to teach my people to learn extension has taken place during the their bad ways." last few years. The recently published Annual Report tells of several new In the village of the chief above stations being opened: two at "LTmunya mentioned a Sunday-school was reand Ebn, in the Ibo country; one at cently organized with a membership l'atani, 011 the lower reaches of the of 480, nine-tenths of whom were chilriver, occupied in place of Brass, dren and perhaps 50 or more of them where the work has been handed over exactly the same size anel drest alike to Bishop Tng-ell: a fourth at :;Iok- -nattlre's black of perfect fit. Their wa, about 40 miles west of Biela. clothes are seamless, hard to tear, itself only occupied in 1903; and a without bl1ttom, anclul1affected by the fifth at Kuta, where a beginning has exposure to the weather I Some folks heen made in evangelizing the pagan here (luring the whole of their five (~waris. It also records the sailing of years' existence have not owned as two men of the Cambridge ITl1iversity intlch clothes as a lady's handkerchief. :1 issionarv Part', who have been des- But the Sunday-school grows, neverignated to con~111ence York in the theless. Two weeks ago there were Bauchi countn-. This advance is onlY in the school 625 persons and others a continuation" of that which has gOl1~ playing outside the church. One class on of recent years quieth" and almost had in it 148 children and another 85, ll11noticed under the wise leadership It seems as if a school of 1.000 memof BisllOp Tl1gn~ll. bers could be gathered every Sabbath da'. Here is a glorious opportunity A Church of Spontaneous Growth fo~ more teachers from our Southern Church. , missionan" Df the Presbyterian Church South "writes fr01l1 the" upper N ati"e Africans as Printers Kongo: At uur Inhambane 2'vI issiol1 Pr::ss, A recent visit to a strange village East Central Ahica, under the supergave us a pleasant discovery. ye vision of Dr. K H. Richards, the nafound a :-mall but neat chttrch, bttilt tive boys arc printing the Gospel of

Luke in Chindawu, a language in schools in Egypt, 200 had their train- which hitherto no word of the Gospel ing in this college. In one year alone, has been printed and but little preach- recently, about 100, mostly under- ing has been done. The Illustrated graduates, went frOI11 the college to Child's K ew Testament, in one of the teach in village schools. other languages spoken in Portuguese East Africa, is also in press and will The Christian influences which domprovide the first Bible pictures ever inate the life of this college are very circulated in the district. : native strong. The College Christian Union paper appears regularly, giving the is an aggressive organization, and Sundav-school lessons. The boys anel labors definitely to bring students to girls ~ho work in this press are given Christ. Sixty-two students made a less than one dollar a month and their public profession of their faith in food. Vhen they become sufficiently Christ during a recent year; 35 during capable printers t~ set "copy" withot;t another year. Seventy of the memmaking more than one mistake to a bers of the Union hav~ pledged themline, wages are raised to one dollar. selves to some form of Christian vnrk. General contributions to relig;dus The Bible not Excluded from Abyssinia work amount to about $500, while, in addition to this, half the snpport of a :Ir. Karl Cederquist, of the Swedish native missionary in the Sudan has :.lissioll at Eritrea, has been staying been assumed b;, the Christian stufor some months at Adis .deba, the dents of the college. capital of King Menelik. lIe informs ns that 011 several occasions (lming his The African .. Sleeping Sickness" journeys in "byssinia he has found Bibles which wcre almost worn to This strange disease has been epishreds through having been read, demic in equatorial Africa for years. borrowed from house to house, and Its victim spends more and more time re-read b' so mall' different families. sleeping, and usuall" dies. Latterlv Til the GaIla-speaking country he finds "fricans travel more than formerl:, that the people are very receptive, ami so that the disease has spread far al~c1 highly appreciate the Gospel. Most wide. Scientists find that it is comof the cbyssinian pricsts, however, do municated by the tsetse fly, as yellow not sympathize with missionary effort. fever and malaria are by the mosquito. The Gallas number practically 12,000,- The disease has so .decimated the 000, among who111 there are at present popula,tion in parts, that in one portion only half a dozen native evangelists of Cganc1a, out of a population of and a single Et1ropean missionary. 300,000, 200,000 fell victims. The various European governments have A Flourishing College in Egypt made appropriations for investigation That mission schools in the past of the disease. In Jnne an internahave served the missionary purpose for which thcy are established is tional congress, attended by delegates proved by fifty' years of history, The from Great Britain, Germany, France, college at "ssint is, perhaps, the most Kongo Free State, Portugal and Souconspicuous example of a strong dan, was held in London to devise Christian college. Its record is truly ways of overcoming it. Professor· a remarkahle one. It has had under Koch, who was sent to Africa bv Gerits influence, during its establishment, many, has found what he clai~s is a 4,000 different illdividuals. About cure: and messengers have come 200 200 have taken the full conrse and miles to .beg the "Great White gTaduated. Of these who graduated, Vizard" to come and cure their dying 70 are ministers in the native Prot- relatives. His fame has spread estant church in Egypt. Of the 288 through Central Africa, and appeals men school-teachers in Protestant come to him from the remotest dis- trict. In the villages he is given a great hut "as large as a snltan's"in

I 907 j GE:,ERA.L :llSSlU:,,RY l:,TELLlGE:'CE

which to conduct his microscopic "Care of the Youth after School Age," work. "The •.ttitude of the European Mis- sionarv toward :' atiYe Pastors and Missionaries Driven Out Helpet's," "The ;'Iissionary·s Ser- mons," "The Third Commandment." The American Congregational mis- . deeply spiritual tone pervaded all sionaries are encountering opposition the deliberations and the missionaries from the British officials in :'atal and present returned to their fields of la- bor. being much blest and greatly enr the Germans in the Caroline and Mar- couraged. It was decided to hold the next conference of German mission- shall Islands. The Re,". ames L. aries in Cape Tmyn in 19W. The sur- Barton, D.D., Foreign Secretary of the prize of all who ,,·ere present at the .merican Board of Commissioners of second conference was the remarkable Foreign ~1issions, after having made manner in which all missionaries and a long tour of inspection of the mis- societies agreed on missionary methods sions in Japan and China, has been and needs. visiting Europe in an endeavor to ad- just these difficulties. The gradual The High Commissioner for South Africa withdrawal of A.merican missionaries from the German islancls has been on Foreign Missions agreed to, but the troubles i~l :0ratal, arising from the hostility of Sir Henry Those interested ill the missions Edward lIcCallu!11, until recently the carried on among the native races in Governor, remain unsettled. ·Cn- South Africa will be interested to read fortunately, Governor ~IcCalIum ob- what Lord Selbourne, the newly-aptained the erroneous impression that pointed High Commissioner, thinks in the Zulu Christians connectecl v.rith the regard to them. ,t a meeting held .merican missio'ns were disloyal, and in Oxford, he said: he so reported. The Governur demanded that a white person should be I wish to give my testimony as to the placed over every Zulu church and general value of mission work. I have no school. This would make the work difficulty in stating the impression left on of the American board a practical im- my mind, and that is the profound CO/lpossibility, since a sufficie?t number of telllpt which I l1a"'1" 110 desire to disguise whites could not be prOVided, and the for those 'Who sneer at missiolls. If a man '.,-rowth of the Zulu churches into in- professes to be a Christian it is absolutely dependence and self-support conld not impossible for him to deny the necessity of be expected. the existence of missions. Therefore the critic is driven to pass his sneers on the Conference of German Missionaries in actual missionaries who go and do the work, and I have noticed that he sets up a South Afrie&. standard for them which is certainly a standard against which nothing can be Four C;erman ~Iissionary Societies said; he expects every missionary to be as are laboring in South Africa, viz: saintly as St. John, to be as wise as Solo- Berlin Missionary Society, Hermanns- mon, and as great a statesman as St. Paul. burg Missionary Society, :Moravian The labor market docs not supply the ar- Missions and The Rhenish ~Iissionary ticle. and if the critic will be good enough Society. On July 4, 1907, and the to apply the same test to himself and to his following days these societies united own profession. whatever it is, he will see in the second conference of German that the standard is perhaps a little too exmissionaries in South Africa at Kim- acting. Not only does the critic demanil a berley. Twenty-four 111~ssionari.es standard that is obviously impossible, but were present and took part 111 the dIS- he leaves Ollt of sight the peculiar difficussions and deliberations. Most im- culties and dangers of missionary life. I portant subjects were ably treated in desire to protest against the unholy thirst well-written essays. Of these we men- for statistics; it is perfectly impossible to tion the papers on "The Education of put into statistics the result of mission Native Children in and out of School," work. I would go further and say it is ah- solutely bac! for the missionary to have to try to write a report which will give a fa,'orable impression at home. "lhat have ynu to (In with statistics in such a matter

as this? The utmost a man can possibly building, the imposing buildings of the Ellinwood Bible Seminary, the Harris do is to do his best, and the results really :'Iemorial ,Deaconess Training School, are not his business; they rest with a Higher Power.-East alld IVest.

the Episcopal Hospital and Dispens- The Case of Mr. StanolU"d ary, the splendidly equipped Columbia club-house, the Episcopal parish-house, The cablegram announcing the ac- and the six or seven mission homes'

quittal of 11r. Stannard, the Kongo all these having cost at least $250,000: missionary, by the Court of Appeal at This gaining of property, providing Boma, came as a welcome surprize. permanent homes, has clone much to- .£ter his conviction by the Kongo ward creating a respect for the thing Court a few months ago, it was hardly for which they stand."

thought likely that he had the chance, upon appeal, of having the judgment Methodist Success in the Philippines reversed. In quashing the conviction, Bishop Oldham estimates that withthe Court of Appeal has practically in the region in Northern Luzon asadmitted the truth of the charges signed by the Evangelical Union -of brought against the officials by Mr. the Philippine Islands to the Methodist Stannard. 'What now will be done? Episcopal Church for Cllltivation, there The accusations made were of the are about 2,000,000 Filipinos. Of gravest character. If they ,vere false, this number we have now enroIled as the man who made them deserves members and probationers, a few over severe punishment. Now that they 20,000, or about one per cent. vVith are virtually admitted to be true, what the exc~ptiol1 of the agents of the Biabout the officials who stand convicted ble societies, there is in this territory of cruelty and intimidation? It looks no other evangelical agency at work. as if the question would be asked in "What the Methodist Church fails to vain. Sir Edward Grey has spoken of clo in this area must go undone," says "something" being done by "some- the Bishop. body," and there, in this vague manner, the matter is left. :Meanwhile, we are Police,nen as Missionary Helpers told that the situation on the Kongo remains the same. As with Macedo- Some interesting new methods and nia and Armenia, brutalities will con- ag'encies are noticed in the Baptist tinue, while Europe remains too busy .lIissionary ]l,Jaga:::illc as having been to attend to so small an affair as the introduced into the missionary church preservation of a race from extinction! at Sinwaugan, Philippine Islands. A -The Christian. church society has been formed to re- ceive contributions of rice which will ISLANDS OF THE SEA be kept to serve as a reserve fund for Christian Real Estate in Manila members in need. Vhen misfortune befalls a member he may, on approval According to the Philippine Chris- by the trustees, draw upon it to repay tian Advocate, "six years ago there on easy terms of interest when his was not a dollar's worth of property in trouble is over. The privilege of this the citv of Manila owned or controlled borrowing is to be extended to other by the- Protestant Church. There arc churches. . band of policemen has now the magnificent Episcopal cathe- been institutecl to see that all the mem- dral, one of the prominent landmarks bers of the church attend the services of modern :'Ianila, the new Presby- on time. These policemen hunt up de- terian chapel, this being part of the linquents, and if they can 110t give proposed building which, when COI~1- good reasons for their absence, bring pleted, wiII be one of the most splenclt.c1 them to church. In the church they church edifices in the East, the beautI- keep order among the throngs of chilful new Central ~Iethodist Church (ren who attend.

1<)07] GE:ERAL :lISSIO:ARY I:TELLlGE:CE

Further News from New Gui.,ea that cry frum oyer the sea, and tho The remarka:ble news from :CV the Rhenish ::1issionary Society will C~uinea, which VI e told our readers in not be able to send 18 new laborers the REVIEW for July (page 530), is to X ew Guinea jnst now, a number confirmed by the more recent reports. of ne'v workers sufficient to relieve There can be no doubt that the Lon! the most pressing needs will soon is working a great change for the bet- start on its journey. Thus the door. ter. °Missionary Diehl reports largoe opened so providentially by the Lord audiences at all services and an almost (see }[ISSIO.tURY REnEW, July, 1907, marvelous willingness of the people p. 530). will be e!:tered by His faithto aid him in his work in other parts ful disciples. In the meantime Mr. of the COlU1try. He has now twelve Diehl, the missionary at Bogadjim, catechumens, ;mong them two mature is able to report the baptism of five men and two girls. One of these girls more Papuas and the coming of nine is to marry Gumbo, the first native new inquirers, among whom arc baptized. Befo.re the present awaken- three men more than thirty years or ing he could not find a father who ag'e and two girls.

would give his daughter without the MISCELLANEOUS heathen fasting and magic, but now An Admiral's Testimony to Missions the marriage is to be according to the Christian ceremonv. The heathen do Admiral ::fahall. in a letter COil'" not molest the cat~chu1l1ens, for they cerning the Laymen's lJovement, see that Christians and inquirers live says: better lives than themselves. Aon in- The power of the Gospel of our Lord is, quirer who lost his temper and used I believe, signally manifested in thi~ par- harsh languag'e was publicly rebuked ticular step; itself no spasmodic movement, bv a heathen, who said: "A Christian but the natural outcome of an interest in n;ust not do such things." In other Christian missions, which for some years parts of the island the number of in- back ha" been increasing in all the Christian denominations in onr country, and of a rate Cjuirers continues to increase, and the which, tho notably rapid, has been steady need of new workers is great. and sustained, and in the end has drawn them thus together. Without any affecta- The Macedonian Cry from Over the Sea tion of ignoring those differences of view on points of real, tho minor, importance The Rhenish missionaries in Kew which unhappily have divided us into sep- Guinea, assembled in solemn confer- arate ecclesiastical organizations, they have ence for prayer and consultation come together in the single supreme pur- pose of common concerted action for the some time ago, decided to ask the spreading of the knowledge of the name Board of Missions of their society in and message of Jesus Christ throughout the Germany for 18 new missionaries world He came to redeem. In such unity of for that field. The cry of the hea- purpose and action, in which they now seek the cooperation of their brethren among then, wakened to a consciousness of the laity of Great Britain, there appears to spiritual need by the Spirit of God, me a marked approach toward the oneness was in their ears and the wonder- which our Lord prayed might be shown to fully increasing number of Papuas, the world by His followers; and I am per- suaded that in no other way will His prayer men and women, coming for instruc- be forwarded by men more surely than by tion preparatory to baptism, told acting heartily toward this end in which 'all them of the speedy appro'ach of the agree, and in comparison with which onr harvest. Trusting in the Lord, these differences, however valid to our con- sciences, are relatively insignifi.cant.

men asked for reenforcements tho Seven Ways of Giving the situation at home, the struggle for the means necessary to support 1. The careless way. To give the laborers already in the fielcls and something to every cause that is the scarcity of missionary candidates, presented, without inquiring into its was well known to them. God heard merits.

2. The impulsive way. To give India, we believe, there are about 5,- from impulse-as much and as often 000,000 boys under instruction; but as love and pity and sensibility we cloubt if th~ number of girls is prompt. much ab~ve 500,000, or only one girl to every ten boys. In the case of 3. The lazy way. To make a spe- Ceylon, the proportion is bettercial offer to earn money for benevo- about one girl to every four or five lent objects by fairs, festivals, etc. boys in the government schools; and we know it is a good deal better for 4. The self-denying way. To save grant-in-aid, Christian mission and inthe cost of luxuries and apply it to dependent agencies. VVould that at purposes of religion and charity. this time a millionaire could be induced This may lead to asceticism and self- to cover the blanks in India, Burma, complacence. Ceylon (and China) with girls' board- ing schools !-giving their direction S. The systematic way. To lay and supervision to Christian women aside as an offering' to God, a definite of the various missions." portion of our gains-one-tenth, onefifth, one-third, or one-half. This is OBITUARY adapted to all, whether poor or rich; and gifts would be largely increased Douglas M. Thornton. of Egypt if it were generally practised. It is with deep sorrow that we 6. The equal way. To give God record the death, on September 8, of and the needy just as much as ve the Rev. D. }I. Thornton, a young spend on ourselves, balancing our C. ~1. S. missionary in Cairo. His personal expenditure by our gifts. zeal and the personal influence gave him unique opportunities for wit- 7. The heroic way. To limit our nessing to Christ among Moslems own expenditure to a certain sum. and Coptic Christians. He was eduand gi ve a way all the rest of our cated at Marlborough and Trinity income. College, Cambridge. After gradu- ating as a Junior Optime in 1895 he Increasingly Optimistic spent a year at Ridley Hall and then became Educational Secretary of the "The older I become the 1110re op- S.v.M.U. and wrote the text-book timistic I am; in fact, I am becoming i'Africa Waiting." He joined the C. riotously optimistic," is the testi- JI.S. Cairo Mission in 1898, and fremony of a South Indian missionary quent testimonies came from visitors to Egypt of the zeal and energy as of 40 years' experience, the Rev. J. well as wisdom and prudence with which the work among Moslems Duthie, of Tracancore. .vas being prosecuted both by voice and pen. His death should serve as In .Education. Why A, re Girls Neglected? a call to the universities to send recruits to hasten out and carryon Mr. J. Furgeson, who appears to be his work.

well-informed as to his theme, writes Dr. Ernest Shawe. of India earnestly and at some length in The East and the TVest, and for substance The mission work of the Moravian .as follows: Church in the Himalayas has received a severe blow by the sudden death of "It is matter for great regret now Dr. Ernest Shawe, who has been in that within the past thirty years at charge of the hospital at Leh for ten least the various missions did not en- years. Uneler his care the work in the deavor to keep their schools and work for girls as nearly as possible on a par with those for boys; and that government, as well as missionaries and all other educating agents in India, Burma, and Ceylon (as well as in China and the Further East) have not done a great deal more to increase the number of girl scholars. Tn all

GEXERAL .:'IIlSS[O:.RY J,TELLTGE'CE

hospital at Leh has shown signs of mans who. filled with the Spirit, have progress, and his medical skill has exerted a great influence for good been of great assistance to thousands npon the religions life of the fatherof people in the capital of Ladak and land during the last 25 years. Count in the neighborhood. He had made Bernstorff was a descendant of one of several long and dangerous tours to the most prominent families of the render medical aid and to preach the prond nobility of Korth Germany, yet Gospel in other parts of the country. he was a very humble follower of the Only recently he visited the borders meek and lowly Jesus. He took great of Chinese Tibet, hoping that he might interest in home ane! foreign missions, have obtained access to that still dosed and when the Evangelical ~'rissionar)' land. Society for German East Africa was organized, in 1886, he became its pres- The Rev. A. W. Heyde. of Tibet On August 28th the veteran Tib- ident. More than 20 years he dis- etan missionary, the Rev. A. T. charged the duties of this responsible Heyde, died at Herrnhut, Saxony, at position in loyalty to his Master and the age of 83. Mr. Heyde was one showed his efficiency especially in of the two pioneer Moravian mis- times of trial and difficulties, resigning sionaries in the Himalayas. and la- his position only last year when the bored there for fifty years, without headquarters of the society were reonce coming home. It was not until moved from Berlin to Bethel, near he retired from active service, three . Bielefeld. He was also prominently or four years ago, that he returned connected with the Orient Mission and to Europe. During his long stay in was president of the German branch of the Himalayas he proved himself a the Evangelical Alliance. Count Bernzealous and efficient worker, but he storffs name was well known outside will be remembered as the chief re- of Germany, especially in England, on viser of the .tew Testament 111 account of his deep spirituality and his Tibetan. great love to the cause of missions. His death, coming so soon after the The Rev. G. B. Taylor. of Italy Vv'ord from Rome announces the death of another great German leader death there on October 3 of the Rev. of missions, Doctor Buchner, is a great Dr. George Boardman Taylor, for loss to the cause.

more than thirty years President of the Southern Baptist ?fission in Bishop John J. Tigert Italy. Doctor Taylor was born in Richmond, Va., in 1832, and was Bishop John J. Tigert, of the Meth- graduated from Richmond College odist Episcopal Church, South. died and the University of Virginia. He on Xovember 20, after an illness of was the pastor of Franklin Square ten days. Bishop Tigert was taken Church, Baltimore. and for two ill while attending a church conferterms Chaplain at the University of ence at Atoka, Indian Territory, but Virginia. He was the founder of a disregarded the advice of his physinumber of churches and schools in cian to rest. He came to Tulsa, in- Italy, and was a close friend of the tending to open the conference there late King Humbert. He was the au- on the fourteenth, but was compelled thor of an excellent hook. "Italy and to take to his bed. His illness was caused by the lodgment of a piece the Italians."

A German Missionary Leader of chicken bone just below the ton- On April 21st, 1907, Andreas Graf sils. This caused an inflammation of von Bernstorff departed this life. He the throat and resulted in blood poi- was one of the quite few titled Ger- soning.

THE MISSIONARY

l THE FOREIGN :1IrsSlOl'i.RL By Arthur our g'az?, and the incidents given are sHch as might occur in almost allY Brown, D.O. 121110. $I.50, IIl't. Fleming part of the Celestial Empire. H. Revell Co., )(cw York, 1907. The literary style is unusnally stri- Doctor Brown never speaks or writes king and forcible, so that a dull pnrawithout a message. Ye were prepared graph could scarcely be found. Rvito find in this, his latest book, some- dently a man deeply in earnest and thing worth reading, and are not dis- full of the spirit of the Master, the appointed. These nineteen chapters author is at the same time able to see treat of the missionan' himself, his the ludicrolls side of persons and aim and motive, his b"ady, soul and events and is not afraid to provoke a spirit, and his qualifications; then it smile. The nineteen chapters include traces him, as he enters his field and s11ch topics as these: "The Missionwork, influences, and is influenced by, ary," "Pioneering," I.Evangelization," his associates, seeks to use a new lan- "Church Organization:' "Pastoral guage, to avoid financial embarrass- Visitation," "Discipline," "Types of ments, to reach the natives and mold Converts," ""Nati,'e Germans" and the native church; as he confronts his "Bible Translation." Other chapters critics, and at last receives hi~ award. tell of the native religions (Confucian- I t is a devout, spiritual, sensible, prac- ism and Taoism) and their founders, tical survey Df the theme. Ve have and of the foreign religions (Budfound nothing in it unsound in doctrine, dhism, Mohammedanism and Chrisunsafe in teaching, unreal in spirit. It tianity) . shows that high qnality, sympathy with the Master, and that other noble char- The only serious defect in the volacteristic, love for the lost. It seems to ume is the' absence of an index. Snch us to weigh and compare, with true is an indispensable aid to reference. discernment, the different impulses The appreciative reader is certain that move God's yorkmen, and to af- highly to prize this and has a right to ford suggestive, instrnctive and in- expect it. spiring matter deserving of the consideration of every reacIer. Vherever CONYERSION BY THE MILLION IN CHINA. By Doctor Brown touches a question he Rey. Timothy Richard, Litt.D. 2 vols. seems to us to touch even its delicate Illustrated. 121110. 296 and 295 pp. $5.00. and difficult points with sagacity, com- Cluistian Literature Society, Shanghai, mon sense, moderation and the instinct of a cIevout disciple. 1<)07· A TYPICAL MISSION IN CHINA. By W. E. The title of these volumes is some- SoothilL 121110, :293 pp. Illustrated. what misleading. They do not set $1.50, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., )(ew forth an ideal or a plan for the rapid York, 1907 and superficial conversion of the Chi- nese, but are a compilation of articles This may fitly he classed among the and biographical sketches from the best of the books 'hich have appeared pen of this prominent missionary eduin recent years relating to the spread cationalist and statesman. of the Gospel in the Chinese Empire. Tho a representation of the Eng- The chapters arc interesting and lish Free Methodist Church, and deal with many of the important probtho his own mission naturally holds lems connected with the evangelization a prominent place, Mr. Soothill is evi- of the Chinese. Among the subjects dently a man of trnc Catholic spirit, discust are: Christian and Chinese and in most respects d'2scribes, accord- Ideas of Vomanhood, The Political ing to the title of his book, "A ~ypical Status of Christians, China's Appalling Mission." It is the average Chinese Need, Modern Confucianism, Taoism, whose characteristics are held 11p to Buddhism in China, Mohammedanism in China, The Rennaissance of China, Appeals to Missionary Societies. Inc famous Hunan Tracts, The Crisis in and diplomatic relations with China China, Christian Literature for China, are important, but greatest of all is The A~ wakening of China and the Duty the question of China's relation to the of the Home Church, etc. Kingdom of God. Now is the day of The chapters "'hich give some ex- opportunity. • cuse for the startling title to the book THE UPLIFT OFI2CmHo,IN2A7.4 By Arthur H. were prepared for missionary audiences Maps, Dia- Smi th, D.D. pp.

in China. The plan set forth is, in gram and Illustrations. Cloth, Soc.; pa- brief, the wider use of tracts and other per, 35c. Young People's 1fissionarv forms of Christian literature whereby :Ioyement, Xew York, 1907· • a man's usefulness can be greatly mul- Here is another of the excellent mis- tiplied. The Chinese of all classes are sian study text-books published by the eager for education and ravenous in Young People. It is admirably adapted their hunger for books-now is the for class study, being simple in out- time for Christians to feed them with line, clear in statement and interesting wholesome mental ami spiritual food. and snggestive in treatment of themes As to the methods wherebv a million -an improvement on Rex Christus.

converts may be won for Christ, Doctor The chapters give a general view of Richard holds that missionaries must China ami the Chinese race; the de- studv the Chinese and their sacred fects of their social system and strong books mO're thorol1O'hh' so as to learn and weak points in their religion, an how to convince th~m'that the accept- account of ~ome of the uplifting leaders ance of Christianitr is essential for· and of Inlsslonary problems and work. their good; native preachers must be Tho ;lOt ~~ fu.n ~s "Dawn on the Hi!ls trained the Christian reIiO'ion must be of Tang, tlus IS the best of the 11115- shown to set forth the ide:ls which ap- sian books on China for general group peal to the worlel's leacIers and which stndy.

have producecl the best results, and GLORJ. CH1USTI. By Anna B. Lindsay.

Christ and his teachings must be I21110, 30 2 Pl'· Cloth, Soc., 1Iet; paper, . proved better than any of China's 30C. The Macmillan Co., Kew York, I907· leaders or ideals. Through the power This, the seventh of the ·Women·s L~nitecl :Vlission Stud of the Holy Spirit these things may be 'ith social progress ~yavnodlummiess~idoenasl-s accomp:ished bllt never otherwise.

evangelistic, educational, medical, in- CHINA .]'D _-'l.:IERIC. TO-D_W. By Re,·. Ar- dustrial, phila:lthropic, etc. The sub- jects are taken up too briefly to permit thur H. Smith, D.D. I2111U, 256 pp. of the detailed descriptions which add $T.25. /let. Fleming H. Ren,l1 Co., :'ew interest, but the array of facts presented York, 1907.

Doctor Smith has g'iven his life to form a tremendous broadside to de- the saving of the Chinese. He has molish the objections that missions and studied them close! y and lived ,,-jth missionaries are either impotent and them intimateh' for' mal1' Years. He lIseless or aggressively harmful to the has a right to ;peak and do~s so clearly peace, progress and well-being of the and authoritatively, in a way that car- world. Any society or group will find ries conviction, showing t11e Chinese to here material for a most valuable and be a great race whom it is our duty to interesting study.

befriend, enlighten, save for this world SC'NNY SINGAPORE. By Re·. J. A. Bethune and the next. It is eas), to despise the Cook. 121l10, 183 pp. 5s., /lct. Elliot Chinese laumlrnnan and vote to ex- Stock, London, I907.

clude Chinese labor, but the true Chris- Singapore is a small corner of Ma- tian attitude is to regard the Chinese laysia, but immeasurably important be- as brother-men and to use even' means cause of its strategic position. Mr.

to uplift them. VVe will ignore,' neglect Cook, who has labored there many or antagonize them at our peril. The years. gives a brief account of th~ questions of Chinese labor. commercial place, history, people and missions,

-.USSIOXARY REVIEW Of TIlE WORLD l ~ovember

and includes some chapters on }Iacao fl EROES OF MISSION AKY ENTERPRISE. By and Canton, Malacca and Hongkong, Claud Field, M.A. 121tl0. 5s. Seeley & Co., with the work of Morrison and .:'IIilne. LonJon; Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1907. Singapore is described as a strong outpost of the Church of Rome, and Islam POLAND, THE KNlGHT AMONG THE NATIONS. is pointed out as one of the greatest By Louis K Van X orman. Illustrated. hindrances to the progress of the Gos- 121110, 359 pp. $1.50, lief. Fleming H. pel. It is stated here that Y u Ting Revell Co., 1907. Fang, the Chinese minister at Vash- iugton, from 1896-1904, and later vice- P.STOR HSI, CONFCCLN SCHOLAR AND president of the Chinese foreign office, CHRISTIAN. By ':lrs. Howard Taylor. was baptized at the c..:'I1.S . .:lission in 12mo. $1.25. China Inland Mission, Phil- Hongkong under the name of :'g adelphia and Toronto, 1907. Choy. Both his parents are Christians, but Wu Ting Fang no longer THE JAP,NESE NATION IN EroLuTloN. By makes open confession of Christ. Mr. Wm. Elliot Griffis, D.D. Illustrated. 121tl0. Cook has given us an interesting vol- $1.25, lIet. Thomas Y. Crowell & Co., ume, but it is poorly printed and with- New York, 1907. out literary finish. For the general reader it would have been greatly im- CHRISTIANITY'S STOKM CENTER. By Rev. proved by judicious editing. Charles Stelzle. 12mo. $1.00, /let. Flem- ing H. Revell Co., 1907. FROM OPIU~[ FIEND TO PREACHER. The Story of Cheng Ting Chiah. By A. P. THE MEDIATOR. By Edward A. Steiner. Quirmbach. 12mo, 181 pp. Illustrated. 12mo, 356 pp. Illustrated. $I.So. Flem- 50 cents. The Mission Book Co., To- ing H. Revell Co., 1907. ronto, 1907. THE CH,LLENGE OF THE CITY. By Josiah The story of transformations from Strong, D.D. Illustrated. 12mo. Soc. sinner to saint, from heathen to Young People's Missionary Movement, Christian, has always a fascination, New York, 1907. and this life-story of Cheng is no exception, for it is striking and well told. THE LIFE AND LABORS OF W. HOLMAN Cheng, the opium fiend, came of a BENTLEY, A CONGO PIONEER. By His good family and was well educated. Widow. 8vo, illustrated. 6s., tlet. Re- .:'Iran), sorrOvs and reverses, poverty ligious Tract Society, London, 1907. and disease, helped to accomplish the young man's downfall, and he drank CHARITIES DIRE2TORY FOR 1907. Mrs. Mary the bitter dregs of the cup he had put E. David, Editor. • I2mo. $1.00. Charity to his lips. He contemplated st1icide Organization Society, New York. hut was persuaded to visit the Gospel hall, and finally became an inquirer. CHRIST .Nll BL'DDH.. By Josiah Nelson After many struggles he gave up Cushing. 12mo. American Baptist Pubopium, became a preacher of the Gos- lication Society, Philadelphia, 1907. pel, and has rescued many of his fellow countrymen from the bondage of TCRI';:EY ,ND THE TCRKS. By W. S. Mon- 5111. The story is worth reading. roe. 121l10. $1.50. L. C. Page & Co., Boston, 1907. NEW BOOKS J x WILDEST AFRlc. By C. G. Shillings. DR. BAEDEKER AND HIS ApOSTOLIC WORK IN 8'0. $5.00. Harper & Brothers, New RCSSIA. Bv R. S. Latimer. 8vo. Illus- York, 1907· trated. 3S. 6d. /let. ?lforgan & Scott, Lon- THE GRE,TEST VORK IN THE WORLD. By C. B. Titus. 121110. Presbyterian Mission Jon, 1907. Press, Shanghai, 1907. . THE OLD VORLD AND ITs WAYS. By Wm. CHINA AND THE GOSPEL. C. 1. M. Report Jennings Bryan. Illustrated. 8vo. $2.00. for 1907. Illustrated. IS., lIet. China In- The Thompson Publishing Co., St. Lou;,. land Mission, London. Philadelphia and 1[0., 1907. Toronto, 1907.

THE LE.I·ES OF THE TREE. Illustrated Re- port of the B. & F. B. S. 121l10, II6 pp.. British and .Foreign Bible Society, Lon- don, 1907· THE UNVEILED KIST. By F. A. McKenzie. 8vo. I2S.. IIrl. Hutchinson & Co., Lon- don, 1907.

GOD'S MISSION,!{Y PL.l FOR THE VORLD. By Bishop J. W. Bashford. 8vo. 75c. Eaton & l'dains, X ew York, 1907.

THE ~EGRO IN THE SOCTH. His Economic Progress in Relation to His Moral and Religious Development. By Booker T. Washington and W. K Burghardt Du Bois. I2mo. $1.00, lIet. G. M. Jacobs Co.. Philadelphia, 1907,

The Missionary Review of the World — 1891 Index

according to Act of Congress, in the year ,89"

Mi~~ionarJ Boviow of tho Worl~ VOL. IV NEW SERIES VOL. XIV OLD SERIES JANUARY TO DECEMBER 1891 EDITOR ARTHUR T. PIERSON PHILADELPHIA LONDON PUBLISHERS TORONTO FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY NEW YORK FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D. C.

1891.J INDEX

INDEX FOR 1891.

INDEX OF DEPARTMENTS.

LITERATURE OF MISSIONS. – Pages 1, 81, MONTHLY CONCERT OF MISSIONS. Pages 161,241,321,401,481,561,641,721,801,881. 7'J, 144, 228, BOg, 391, 544, 624, 707, 786, 800, 94.Q. EXTRACTS AND TRANSLATIONS FROM MISSIONARY PERIODICALS. Pages 47, INTELLIGENCE DEPARTMENT. Pages 75, 125, 206, 293, 316, 455, 520, 601, 686, 764, 845, 153, 232, 312, 396, 471,549, 629, 712, 791, 870.

928. ORGANIZED MISSIONARY WORK AND INTERNATIONAL DEPARTMENT. Pages STATISTICS. Pages 232, 319, 396, 471, 474, 549, 629, 712, 791, 870, 949. 52, 133, 212, 296, 373, 461, 526, 611, 691, 774, 851,931. FOREIGN MISSION NOTES. Pages 75, 154, EDITORIAL NOTES BYEDITOR·IN-CHIEF. 232, 31~, 477. 553, 560,794.876,955. Pages 62, 142,200,303,381,467, 1134, 621, 702, 784, 860, 989. MONTHLY BULLETIN. Pages 78,158, 238, 314, 556, 633, 715, 878, 957.

INDEX OF AUTHORS.

EDITORIAL STAFF. PAGE PAGE ReT. D. L. LEONARD. (See Organized Work, Editor-in-Chief: ARTHUR T. PIERSON. (See .. Editorial Notes.") etc.) Architecture i. Frozen Music……….. .. 46 Carey Epoch in Missions, The. . .. •••.•. . … 825 Christianized Paganism…. . . . ••. . •. • . . . • •. 535 Monthly Concert _….. __ ……………. 544, 7e6 Coming Age of Missions, The ..•……..•.. 721 Protestant Missions before Carey. . . . . . . . 341 Day Dawn on Ihe Hawaiian Group. II…… 561 Why Mi.8ion8 are Modern.. . …. ….. .. … 260 Epoch of Orgauization……… .. ……… 507 Evangelizing the World in this Generation. 321 Rev. CHARLlIS C. STARBUCK. (See" ExtraeL Fallen Asleep (J. M. Sherwood, D.D.)…… I and Translations from Foreign Periodicals.") Great Commieelon, The……………….. 183 Japan, Dr. W. E. Griffis on …………….. 648 Education and Evangelization in India ..•.• 001 Light at Cape of Good Hope ……………. 402 AZBELL, W. K. .. . …. ………………… 706 Livingstone and Stanley………………. _ 4 ALLEN, ELEANOR P …………………… 843 Midnight on the Hawaiian Group. I ….•.•. 513 ATTERRl/RY, B. C., M.D ……………….. 681 ALLIS, J. M., D.D….. .. …………….. 853 of Miracles of Missions. No. XVIII •…..• 402 BAGHDASABIAN, M ……………………. 747 BARNES, REV. LEMUEL C., D.D …………. 528 Miracles Missions. No. XIX ……….. 561 BEMIER, EUGENE.. . .. . . . .. … .. .. . . . .. . … 574 Miracles of Missions. No. XX ………. ·• 537 B"RTRAND, MISS ALICE ..•••.•••.••…….. 574 Missionary Call, The (Poem) ….•….••.••.. 418 BOMAR,PAUL V ………………………. 836 Monthly Concert ………………….. 72, 228 BoSTWICK, REV. G. P …………………. 600 Onr Debt, Our Duty and Our Destiny. . . . •.. 801 BRAcQ, REV. J. C……………………… 762 Present Crisis of Missions. . . . . . . . . . .. ….• 49& BROCKETT, L. P., M.D ……………….. 328 Regions Beyond. 1.,81. II ……………… 161 BURNET, HELEN L …………………….. 568 Signal Cry of the New Crnsade…………. 537 BARON, MRS. DAVID …………………… 898 BEN-OLIEL, RARBI A ………………….. 924 ADONIRAM J. GORDON, D.D. BLACKSTONE, WILLIAM E ………………. 937 CALKINS, REV. DR. WOLCOTT …………… 720 Faith Element in Missions .•••• ,••••..•….. 726 CASALIS, M. EUGENE …………………. 602 How Much Better, then, is a Man than a CLARK, REV. DR. F. E ………………… 502 COAN, REV. F. G ……………………… 761 Sheep? ……… : ………………… 43 DOSKER, REV. HENRY A………. … . . . . … 16 Missionary MoneY-Quantity and Quality.. 481 EDWARDS, REV. CHAUNCEY T ………….. 734 ELLIS, REV. F ………………………… 837 J. T. GRACEY, D.D. (See International Depart- ment.) ELXSLIE, W. A ……………………… eoq Missionnry Methods Officially Reviewed… 250 ~onthJf Concert .144,. U2,. 308,. 391, 707" 866, 94&. PAGE PAGE ELLINWOOD, REV. F. F., D.D …………… 908 FULTON, HOBERT MORUI"ON…………… 597 MITCHELL, REV. J. MURRAY, LL.D…….. 35,88 GORDON, EUNEST B ………………… 19, 494 MOMAN, W. J ………………………. 840 GRACEY, REV. HENRy ………………… 590 MOOlmEAD, MAXWOOD … …..•..•… . .. 352 McLAURIN, ItEV. JOHN ………………… 933 GRACEY, MIts. J. '1' ………………….. 396 NOBLE, FUED PERRY…………………. 424 PFANSTIEHL, REV. A. A ………………… 683 GEtEENE, REV. WILLIAM BREl'iiTON, JR…… 820 PIERSON,DELAVANL …………….. 277,489 PIEnsoN, lhSSE" LOUISE B. and ANNA W .. 881 GllOUT, Rgv. LEWIS …………………… 439 PICK, REV. B., Ph.D ………………….. 919 (JUTHIUE, HEV. Du. THOMAS…………… 3 RICE, REV. HENRY…………………….. 742 HALL, REV. RosEn'r, D.D…. …………. 28 Ross, REV. JOHN …………………… 677 H~MILTON, REV. J. T ……………….. 375 RUTHERFORD, REV. JOHN ……………. 23 HAMILTON, J. TAyLOR………. …………. 61 SHAFTESBURY, EARL OF…………… …. 46 .HAMLIN, DR. CyRUS….. . …………… 693 STANTON, W. A ……………………. 446 HAPPEn, REV. DR. A. P …………….. 348, 694 STORROW, REV. EDWARD ……………. 411, 891 HART"AN"', REV. A………………….. 461 SPENSER, REV. D. S ………………….. 517 HENRY, REV. B. C …………………….. 600 SMITH, GEORGE,LL.D …………………. 673 Hm.JMJl:s, O. W., M.D ………………….. 28 SNODGRASS, REV. E ……………. 0 …… 654 HOSKINS, F. E …………………….. 921 SJ!XTON, REV. W. D …………………… 805 JOHNSTON, RHV. JAMES, 75, 154, 232, 312, 477, STJ!EL, REV. TIOBERT ………………….. 831 SHEDD, Rev. J. H., D.D ……………….. 616 553, 560, 794, 876, 985. STUART, REV. J. L ……. ………… … 531 KNOX, REV. GEORGE W., D.D ……..•…. 641 LAUUIE, REV. THOMAS ……………… 29, 757 SCHonDE, PROFESSOR GEORGE n., Ph.D … 914 LAVELEYE DE, MARGUERITE ……………. 590 LlOEns, Rev. S. P …………………….. 816 THWING, CLARENCE, M.D …….. ………. 669 MCCABE, REV. C. C., D.D ……………… 15 TINLING, REV. J. B .. .. ……………… 815 MOGILVARY, REV. D…. . …………….. 325 TURNBULL, REV. DR. ARCH……………. 63 MARTIN, REV. W. A. P., D.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~96 WHIPPLE,REV. W. L., D.D…………….. 52 MASON, REV. GEOnGE L ……………… 658 WOODRUFF, A ………………………. 751 MEAKIN, J. E. B ……………………… 583 WOOD, REV. GEOUGE W ……………….. 775 11'!ECKLIN, REV. J. C …………………… 759 WEnB, M'"s………… ………………. 78 lIrLLER, REV.' DR. J. R ………………. 419 WlIARTON, UEV. G. L …………………. 533 MITCHELL, REV. DR. ARTRUR ………….. 410 INDEX OF SUBJECTS IN LITERATURE OF MIS- SIONS.

PAGE PAGE Are Onr Pastors Faithful? W. C………… 46 Buddhism and Romanism, Hev. George L. Anent the Aztecs, Rev. Levi B. Salmans…. 59 Mason …………………………… 658 American Board in N. Caiua, Rev. Henry Bnddhism and Christianity, Rev. E. Snod· Blodgett…….. ……….. …. ……. 98 grass ………………………….. 654 Asiatic Populations, Rapid Growtt. of, Rev. Convention of Christian Workers, Banga· William Ashmore, D.D …………….. 123 lore, India, Rev. Jacob Chamberlain. Are We Disciples of Christ ? W. C……… 124 D.D……………………………… 32 Answered Prayers, Laura M. IJatime-r …. '. 177 China, American Board in North, Rev. An African Devil's BUI~illess, etc., Frederick Henry Blodgett…………………… 98 Caroline Islands …………………… .. 219 Perry Noble, Esq…………………. 424 Creation in Khasi Traditions, Rev. William Africa, Shall Islam Hule? Hev. Lemuel C. Williams ………………………… 274 China, Recent Audience with the Emperor Barnes, D.D …. ……………….. …. 528 of, B. C. Atterbury, M.D ………….. 681 Armenian Protestant Orpha.nage of Brosca, Congregationalists and Missions, Rev. Ed- ward Storrow.. . ……………….. 891 etc., M. Baghdasurian…. … . …. .. 747 Cuba as a Mission Field, W. J. Moman….. 840 Art, Foreign Missions, and W. Brenton Do Reathens lIfnItiply Faster than Con· verts? Rev. Thomas Laurie………. .. 29 Green, Jr., D.D …………………. 820 Divine and Supernatural in Foreign ]fiB- Belgium, New Effortsin ……………….. 16 Bions, Rev. Edward Storrow…….. … 411 lluddhism lind Christianity, Rev. F. F. El. Erskine's Famolls Saying', EditoriaL….. .. 42 Epoch of Orglinizlltion, Edit.orlaL ……… 220 linwood, D.D.. …………. . ……… 108 Evang'<'li7.ing the World in this Generation, Buddhism and Justification by Faith, Hev. Editorial. • • .. .. ………………… 3lh.

II. C. Mabie, D.D ….. ………… 185 Black Fellows of Australia, The, I., Rev. A.

Hartmann.. .. .. .. …. …………….. 213 The Bantu Languages, etc., Rev. Lewis Grout ………………………….. 481l PAGE PAGB Evangelical Alliance at Florence, Ddavan Lantern, A Tonr of, F. E. Hoskin ………. 921 Money……………………………… 15 L. Pierson ……………………….. 4U3 Missionary Outlook, The, I.. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 35 Education and Evangelization in India, II. Rev. J. lIiurray Mitchell, LL.D …………………… 88 Rev. C. C. Starbuck ………….••….. 661 lIiissionary Ontlook, III. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. …. 170 lIiissionary Geography, Rev. J. II. Shedd, Encouragements in the Work of lIiissions, D.D ………….. : ……………….. 189 Morocco, Glad TIdIngs in, Hev. J. E. B. Rev. A. A. Pfan~tiehl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 683 Meakin …………………………… 217 lIiission Work at Scotch Atbens, DelavanL. European Literature in the :Mission Fields, Pierson. . .. . …………………….. 277 lIiodern Missionary lIiarvels, The Bussein- F. F. Ellinwood, D.D ……………… 908 Arakan lIiission., L. P. Brockett, lIi.D.. 328 Moravian Missions in the Himalayas, Rev. Fallen Asleep…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . •• . . . . . . .. .. 1 J. '1'. Hamilton …………………… 375 Missionary Call, The, Poem, Editorial. …. 418 Fuith Hall, Laredo, lIiexico, lIiiss J ~nnie Missionary Money, Qnantity and Quality, Rev. A. J. Gordon …………………… 481 Brown…. … …. …… …….. ……. 197 lIiissions in India, Ernest B. Gordon….. .. 494 lIiedical Missions, David N. Patterso!], Foreign S. S. Association, A.Woodruff, Esq. 751 George Smith, LL.D………………. 673 lIiadras and lIiedical lIiissions, George Foreign lIiissions and Art, Rev. W. Brenton Smith, LL.D. …. ………………… 673 lIiedical lIiissions, A Plea for, Clarence Greene, Jr ……… ' ….. ,…………. 820 Thwing, lIi.D …………………… 669 Missions, The True Prayer Gauge, Rev. Greed in the Way of lIiissionary Zeal, Rev. Channcey T. Edwards ……………… 734 Mexico, Protestant Movement in, Eleanor Robert Han ……………………… 28 P. Allen ………………………… 843 lIioney, Its Relation to the Kingdom, Rev. Germany, Planting Cbri.tianity in, Rev. W. D. Sexton ………. … . ……… 805 lIiissionary Pra}er, a Poem, Rev. J. F. B. Henry Gracey.. .••••……. ….. …. 590 'l'inling…. . ……………………… 815 Melanesian Mission, Rev. Hobert Steel …. 831 Gnlick, Rev. L. H., lIi.D., Rev, S. P. Leeds. 816 New 'l'heology, 'l'he, O. W. Holmes, M.D… 28 Nunnery Life in Naples ……………….. 42 Helpers and Hinderers of lIiissions in Japan 19 New Application of an OJIl Hymn, Poem, Paul V. Bomar…. .. .. . . . . .. .. . . … .. .. 836 Historical Geography of the Christian Nam Thang Song, Poem, Rev. F. Ellis….. 837 Nya••a Land, Languages of, etc., W. A. Church, Professor II. W. Hulbert…..•. 118 Elm.lie ………………………… 809 Need of Special Preparation for Foreign Hore, Captain E. C. and hiB Work, Editor.. 182 Service, Dr. A. P. napper …………. 694 Northfield Convention, Foreign:lIiission Day Herrnhnt and lIioravian Missions, Delavan at, Reported by lIiisses Lonise B. and Anna W. Pierson …………………. 881 L. Pierson. . . . . . . . . . . .. ……………. 489 Old Age and World's Suffering, Earl Shartes· bury……………………………… 46 Hassan Botan, Letter from, Rev. F. G. Coan. 76t Pertinent Reply, Chaplltin McCabe……… 15 Prayer and Mission Work, Rev. John Ruth· Huguenots, a Few Pages from llistory of .. 574 erford…….. ……. ………… …… 23 Persia, Past Ten Years in, Rev. W. L. Isidore Loewenthal, Robert lIiorrison Fulton 597 Whipple, D.D …………………….. 52 Prayer Lt'agne of the Reformed Church .. o. 31 India, Edncation, etc., in, Rev. C. C. Star- Pentecost on the Congo, Hev. J. R Miller, D.D ……………………………. 419 buck …………………………… 661 People of Africa, 'V. A. Stanton ……….. 446 IJraycr Answered in l'onneetion with Mis- 18rad, Evangelization 01, Profcl'sor George siOllllry Work, Helen L. Burnett… . … 568 Planting Christianity in Germany, Rev. H. Schodde, Ph.D …… . …… 914 1Ienry ·Gracey. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . .. 590 Panl the Missionary, Rev. John RoBS…… 677 Japan, Helpers and Hinderers of lIii"sions Praycr Gauge, lIiissions the True, Rev. Chauncey T. Edwards …………….. 'l1H in ………………………………. 19 Japan and Japanese Converts…….. … . .. 22 J uBtification by Faith and Buddhism, Hev.

H. C.lIiabie, D.D …. .. …. . …….. 185 J e.nit lIiission in India, Rev. Edward ::ltar- row……………………………… 241 Japan, Political Check in, Rev. D. S. Speno cer. ……… ……………………. 517 Japan, The Year 1890 in, Rev. George W.

Knox, D.D ………………………. 641 Jews, Some Polemical Writings Against., et~., Rev. B. Pick, Ph.D …………… 919 Jerusalem's Crying Wants, Rabbi A. Ben- OIiel …………………………….. 924 KhO-si 'l'raditions, Creation According to, Rev. William Williams ..•………… 274 Livingstone and Stanley. … …. ….. ……. 4 Ling Ching Ting, Converted Opium Smok- er, Rev. S. L. Buldwin, D.D ……….. 257 London Papcl'sand India'~ Women, Mrs. J.

T. Gracey ……… " … …………. 26L Light in Darkest England, Rev. Francis E.

Smiley ………………… _ 268 Letters from Europe, Delavan L. Picrtion, I. ~n7 II. ,189 Laying Siege to the Delai Lama, Hev. J. T.

Hamilt.on ……………………….. 3715 LivingRtolle nnd Btanley. … . ……. . …… 437 Letter8 Crom Em'ope, 111., Erlle~t n. Gor- don 494 Langnages of Nyas"a Land, Rev. W.A. Elms- Ue ……………………………… 809 PAGE PAGE Pressing Needs, Rev. J. H. Shedd, D.D …. 616 Palestine and Jews, Dr. Cyrus Hamlin•….. 693 Societe des Minions Evangeliqne, Eugene Palestine, The Sacred Land of, Mrs. David Casalis …………………………… 602 Baron…………………………… 898 Spain, Gospel in, Rev. J. E. B. Meakin ….. 588 Polemical Writings againat the Jews, The Telugu Mission, Rev. C. B. Ward….. 288 UniTers.,1 Prayer, The, Poems, W. K. Azbell 706 Some, Rev. B. Pick, Ph.D ………….. 919 Voice from the Field, ,A,Rev. D. McGiI- Rapid Growth of Asiatic Popnlations, Rev. vary …………………………… 325 William Ashmore, D.D …………….. 123 Waldensian Chnrch, It. Mission, Pastor J. Recent Audience with Emperor of China, P. Pons ………………………….. 201 B. C. Alterbury, M.D ………………. 681 Woman'. Work for Woman, Dr. Arthnr Sherwood, Rev. J.M.,Obituaryof,:Editorial. 1 Systematic Giving ………. ………….. 3 Mitchel ………………………….. 410 Stanley and Livingstone, Editorial….. …. 4 Wonderfnl I,ife Boat, A, Captain E. C. Siam, Letter From, Rev. Robert Irwin…… 60 Student Volunteer's Convention, CleTeland, How ……………………………… 452 White Fields, The, A..Woodmff, Esq……. 751 Maxwood Morehead ……………… 352 Y. P. S. C. E. and tlte Church, Rev. Dr. F. Stuckenburg and Berlin, Dr. Delavan L. E ..Clark ………………………….. 502 Pierson…………………………… 492 Young Folks, A Letter to the, F. E. Hos- kin ……………………………. 921 GENERAL INDEX.

(Not inclnding Literatnre of Missions and Authors.) PAGE PAaB 287, 775; Indians, 633; Mi••lon in Egypt, A. B. C. F. M., Summary of, 794; Anniver- 237,385; Mi••ionary Association, 235; Mis- saryat Minneapolis, 142, 688; Address of sions in Africa, 61, 552; Mi••ions, Aggre- President Geymonat …………………. 622 gate of, 632; American Presbyterian Church Canton, 633; Relations with AFRlCA.-Africa, Death of Mission- China, 614; Seamau'. Friend Society, aries Blantyre, 605 ; Univeuities' Mission, 773; S. S. Union, 543; Ammunition, Mis- 295; Africa and Bishop Tucker, 477 ; and sionary ………. …….. ……… .. …. 474 Bishop Tayler; Africa and the Bible, 715; Angola ……………………………… 582 Wahum., Race in, 294; Earth-Hnnger, Anglican Commnnion, 791 ; Chnrch Roman- 373; Partition of, 606, 633, 320; Bishop ism ………. , …………………….. 318 Taylor in, 633 ; Rum in, 77; Missions in, Anglo-Indian Temperance Association … 798 282,240; Basutoland, 714; Africa, North, Anatemy of Natural Life ………………. 594 603, 234; Africa, South, 604 ; Africa, East, Anniversary, Twenty-fifth, China Inland 312,955; Africa, Central, 604; British Mis- Mission ……………………………. 794 mle in,WestAfrica, 655; Bishop Smythles, Annual Convention of Free Church, Italy.. 629 605; Africa, 520; Difficultie. in North- Annnal Meeting, Kolhapur, 387; Interna- western, 605; Conference in West, 540; tional Missionary Union…………….. 611 Roman Catholic Missions in, 549 ; Lan- Anti·Slavery Conference ……………….. 556 gnages in, 240; Dutch Reformed Church Anti-Slave Trade Conference, Brnssels….. 222 ia Cape Colony, 153, 408 ; Africa, 226, 847 ; Arabian Mission, 234, 467; Keith Falconer. 319 Moravian Missions, 61 ; Magat., 711 ; Rom- Arabia, Persia, Turkey, Mohammedanism, ish Mi••ions, 126, 131; Woman's Work and the Greek Church ………………. 789 in, 231; General Mlssious in, 75, 126,619, 638 Are Mission Converts a Failure ……….. 63 Atlas of Dean Vahl ………………….. 705 African A.sociation of Germau Catholics, A Thonsand-fold More Mission Work Need- 9.1; Converts, 638; Heathenism, 458; ed ………………………………… 859 Girls Bought, 633 ; Gold·Coast, 714; Mis- Andience of Chinese Emperor. . …. . . .. . … 380 sionarIes, 478, 479, 540, 552 ; Railways…. 74 A USTHIA and the A. B. C. F. M……. 630 A USTRA LIA, The Black Fellows of… 461 " Age of Consent" Bill, Iridia, 480, 608, 770, 313 Australiau Aborigines, Mission to the.•…. 560 Agostino, Father …………………….. 152 Anstralian Ballot System ………………. 438 Ahmednagar.. .. .. . . .. … .. …. …. .. …… 610 Aztecs, Land of the ………………….. 228 Alaska, 19, 969; Presbyteriau Church, in, Baldwin, E. F., Letter from.. …….. …… 71 Balltn Race …………………………… 604 238, 819 ; Reformed Episcopal Church in, 288 Baptist Burman Mi.sion. . …………. 793 Alliances for Prayer.. . .. . .. . … ……….. 467 Baptist Centenary-Britain.. .. ………. 468 Alsace·Lorraine and its population ……… 550 Baptist Convention (South), Foreign Mis- AMERICA, Mound Builders of,301; Am· 8iQnB •.•• ~ ••• ~ ••• "!."; …………. , ••••••• ~ …… ~~ ericanBaptist Missionary Union, 639. 715; Bible Society, Seventy-fifth Annive..ary of, 632; Bible Socie'y, Report of, 788; Am- erican Board of MiB~ionsill Japan,7Rl, 793; ~,{arathi, India, 633; American BORrd, 235., PAGE PAGE Burman BIble ………………………… 292 Baptist Missions at Ongole………..•….. 557 Buddhism ………………………… 556, 394 Baptist Missions China….•……………. 799 Buddhism and Romanism (chart) ……… ' 381 Baptist Missionary Society, Briti.h …….. 796 Buying African Girl., by Missionaries…… 633 Baptists of Britain. . . . .. . • . • . . •. . . . . . . .. . .. 690 Cabman's Mission ……………………. 638 Baron Hirsch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. •. 542 Calfres……………………….. 604, 716, 714 Barnum, H. N., D.D., and Harpoot ……… 616 Call to New Prayer and Elfort.. . •• •. . .. … 567 Basel Mission, 714 ; in Cameroon, 606; Mis· Caldwell, Bishop …………………….. 610 Callaway, Bi.hop……………………… 154 sian Society. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. ……… n) Cameroon, Basil Mission in……………. 606 CANADA.-Canada Mi"sionary Society, Basel Society. . . . . . . . . . . . .. … . . . . . . . •. . . .. 872 Basutoland, French Missions in ……. ' …. 714 474; Presbyterian Mission, Formosa, 635; Basu tOB ……………………. " •••••. 604, 781 Methodist Churcb, 234 ; Episcopal. •…… 235 Bavaria……………………….. ' ……. 873 Canadian Baptist, Telugu…………….. 771 Bedouin Arabs ………………………. 687 CANTON, 633; Dr. Keys at …………. 549 Beer Product…………. . . .. .. . . .•. •.. . . .. 712 CAPE COLONy ………………….. 791 Bennett, Mrs.. . . . . . . . . . . . … . … .. … … . . .• 619 Carey, William and N. Bengal. .•…..•. 690, 844 Belden, Rev. William H……………….. 380 CAROLINE ISLANDS ………….. 219 Benevolence, Systematic……………… 5:3 Catholicism, Roman, in France ….•…..•. 294 Belgium…………………………… 873 Catholics, French ……………………. 601 Belgium, Protestantism in… .. ……..590, 629 Censns of India ……………………… 717 Bengal and William Carey…. …………. 690 Chapel Car in Minnesota ………………. 71 Bengal, Catholic Missions in .••…•••••.••. 629 Chepoo, China … . . . .. .. . . . . .. .. .. ….. 1100 Berlin Missionary Society. . . . . • . . • . … . . … 604 Children of Missionaries……………… ~94 Bemard"Professor, and the Sparrow. . . . . .• 87 CHINA, 148, 144, 295, 308, 311; Mission- Bhutan ……………………………… 718 ary Map of, 380; Hankow, 456; Compres- Bible and Tract Society, Bnrmah ••..•.•. ,.. 608 sion of Feet in, 225; One Thousand more Bible in Africa. • . .. . . .•.. .. …………… 715 Missionaries for, 348; Disturbance in, 851, Bible Society in India ………. ' ………. 712 858,956; Inland Missions, 956 ; 'Dr. Glover Bible Translations …………………….. 715 on Mi••ions In, 956; Inland MiSSion, Shang- Bishop Tucker.. . .. .. . .. .• ……••……… 477 hai, 232, 385, 620, 794 ; American Relations Blackstone, W. E., The Jews …………… 305 with, 614; Japan and, 523; and Corea, Blantyre Africa… …………………… 605 212; Persecution in, 639; Medical Mis- Blyth, Blahop……… . …. … . . . . . . . . . . . .. 554 sions in, 556; Inundation near Kentsin, Book Notices, …………….. 220, 303, 378, 703 1~3 ; Missions in, 232, 552; Dr. Mitchell's Booth, General. and LondonPoor ………. 66 Visit to, 239 ; Dr. Alexander Williamson, Borneo, Rhenish Miss. Society's Complaint. 845 143; Chefoo, 600; Christian Colleges in, Brahmanism, Advance of..•…•..••..••..•. 610 634; Baptist Missions in, 799; and Mis- Brahmin'8 Prayers. . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . …. 785 sionaries, 716 ; Norwegian Lutherans, Brahmo Somaj. . • . .. . . . . …. . . . . .. .. .. .. …. 131 720; Southern Presbyterians, 716; Riots Branch Mission on the Zambesi. . . . .• . . . .•. 606 in, 700; English Presbyterian Chnrch Brave Monntain Girl. . .. . • … . . . . . .•… ..•.. 759 in …………………………………. 714 Brotherhood of the Sea……………….. 637 CHINESE Costume, 226; Worshippers, Brnssels Treaty…….. '" ……………. 614 A Glance at, 531; Valuable Literature, Brnssels Treaty, United States Attitude to. 639 602; Mi.sions to, 225; in America.. ,545, 791 Brazil, 556, 633; M. E. Church in ………. 633 CHRISTIAN Church Disciples, 234; Britain, Wesleyans ..•…. ,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 631 Colleges in China, 634; Evolution, Prof. British and Foreign Bible Society.. . . . . . . .. 796 Drummond on, 67; Melas ……………. ~9 British Contributions, 630 ; to.Foreign Mis- CHURCH Missionary Society, 97, 607, sions …………. , ………………… 236 688, 689, 764, 796; of Scotland, 275, 872 ; British Contributions to Foreign Missions of Scotland Benevolences, 690; of Scot· in 1889 ………… :. ….. . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. .. 340 land, Foreign Missions of. . . . . . . • . . . . . . .. 714 British Empire, Size of•• , ……..•……. 130 Churches and Missions, Relation to one British Foreign ,Missionary Bocieties..•… 476 another…. …. ..•.. …… …. …. ….. … 65 British Foreign Missions …….•………. 955 Clough, Dr. J. E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541 British Foreign Mission Notes, 876, 878; College of Central Turkey……….••…•. 559 Colleges, Day of Prayer for .••.•……•…. 819 Bolten …………………………… 794 Colonization of J ows ……… '" .. … ….. 636 British Medical Missions……….. 689,690,713 Commerce, Mi••ions and .. :…………… 640 Britillh Misrule in West Africa …………. 555 Compression of Feet in China…. , ……… 225 British Society for Propagation of Gospel Conference, Anti·Slave Trade, at Brussels.. ~2 Conference in West·Africa…………….. 540 among Jewe ………………………. 872 Conference, Shanghai. ………………. 379 British We.leyans in Mashonaland. .. ….. 716 Confession in Japan …………………… 558 BroLkett, Dr. L. P., Letter from . . . . . . . . . . . . 541 Confucius, 147, 716; and Cllri"t ………… 451 Brooklyn, Church Property in. '" ………. 9W Bnlletin, Monthly ……………… 314,879,880 BUfmah Bible a nd Tract Sodety, 608 ; Ran- goon, 619 ; Upper Burmah……•.••.••••• 392 PAG"R: PAGE CONGO, 80, ~79, 873; Missions on, 607, Fifty Years a Missionary Seoretary.. ……. 78 716, 8.31 ; Missions on and in Angola, ()07; Figueras, Spain ……. … …………… 2:l9 Rum on…. …. ……. … ….. … . … 4G8 FIJI GROUP …………………. 631, 717 Florence, Evangelical Alliance …………. 622 CONGO FREE STATE, 001, 607, Foreign Lanus, Home and …………….. 551 78:3, 796 j and its Mi~8ion!i, 95.)"; Swedish ForeIgn Missionary Societies of the United Mission, 549; and Roman Catholics .. . '" 7R3 Rtates . ….. . ………………. … 476 Constantinople, New Church Edifice in . 619 Foreign Missionary Societies of Great Contributions to Foreign Missions in 1889, Britain . ………………………….. " 476 British. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 340 Foreign S. S. Asitociation .. " . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 751 Contributions for English Church Missions. 534 Formosa, Mackay of ………….. 0 •••••••• 470 Contributors, A Word to………………. 62 Fourteen Years of Earth Hunger in Africa.. 873 Continental Missions ………… " ……… 845 FRA.NCE.-Missionaries, 024, 6~9; Converts, First, of Matcbeles ………….. 606 Corea and China ..•. '.. . …•.•..•………. 212 Roman Catholicism in, 294; Religion, Covenant, Solemn League and.. . . . . … 860, 861 Condition of…….•………………… 127 Crisis of Missions, The……………. . .•. 227 Freedmen and Roman Catholics …….. '" 551 Cross·Bearers, Missionary Reading Circles. 912 Free Chut'eh of Scotland Missions, 232; Crowther, Bishop ……•……..•……. , " 607 Foreign Missions . ……. 00 0… 0……… 798 Crusade, Signal Cry of the New ………… 537 French Evangelization ..•… , .•…………. 580 Cultivation of Missions …….•……….. , 307 French Misoions, Basutoland…………… 714 Danish Missions………… •••……….. 630 French Missions and Rev. Dr. McAn…•… 383 Dead Sea, Giving ••…•……..••……… 640 French Missionaries in Lessuto. … ,. " …. 6Ot) Debts of Boards ……………………..•• 712 French Protestants, 8J3, 846 ; Congress of. Deep Sea Fisherman's Missions ..•……..• 636 in Paris ……………………………. 2:18 Denmarl_, Romau Catholics in…………. 6~9 French Students, not Voltairians ………. 8~5 Denominational Outlay….. . ………….. 632 French, Bishop Thomas V ……………. 780 Denominational Contributions to Missions. 550 Frere, Sir Bartle, on Christianity………. 769 Denominations in this Country. . .. . . . . . . . .. 233 Friends, Contributions of, 631; Missions Difficulties in North·We.tern Africa ……. 605 or, 686; English ……………………. 460 Division. on Roman Catholic Church …… 686 Gaboon and Corsico. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 79:1 Doshisha University at Kyoto ………….. 558 Geddie, John, Beantifnl Epitaph to……. 61 Drummond, Prof., on Christian Evolution, 67 German Mi"sionary Societies …•…..••… 631 Dublin, Society for the Propagation of the (~ERMA.NY. and the Liqnor Traffic, 616; giving, 6:10; and Roman Catholic Gospel …………..•………………. 637 Missions. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. …….. 607 Dntch, Java and the. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 460 Geymonat, President, Address of……….. 622 Dntch Reformed Chnrch, Cape Colony, 153, 408 (living, The Dead Sea…………………• 640 East Indies ………..•..••…•.••…… 706, 929 Giving in Ceylon ….••••…… " .•… " …. 240 Educational Work ………………….. 608 Gordon, Rev. E. C., furlongh of, from Edncatlon in India, 1<8,320; of Women, Uganda …………..••……………… 955 Gossner's, Pastor, Mission …………….. 551 640; and Religion, 129, 131; in Japan … 238 Greek Chnrch, Mohammedanism and, Per- Eglise Missionaire BeIge………. . …… 629 sia, Arabia, Turkey ……………. " … 786 EGYPT, L. D. Wishard in, 631; The Greenland …………•….••………..•••• 456 Gniness, Miss Lucy………..•………… 560 United Presbyterian Chnrch in, 607; Mis· Hahitations of Cruelty •…..•• . …•…•• 226 sions in, 385; Egypt… ….. ………… 960 Hamlin, Dr. Cyrus ….•……•….•…….. 619 Ellinwood, F. F. Lectnres at New York… 303 Hankow, China. '.' …………..••..•….. 456 Encyclopedia, New Missionary ………… 303 Hannin!!:ton's, Bishop, Bone•…•.•……. 218 England, Wesleyan Chnrches ….•…..•.. 792 Happer, Rev. Dr…….•……•…••.•…80, 379 English Baptist Missionary Societie., 690 ; Harpoot, Tnrkey, and N. Barnum, D.D….. 616 Presbyterian Churches in China and In_ Harpoot, Tnrkey.. . . . . . .. …•….•..•.•.•• 873 dia, 715 ; Universities' Mission, The, 554; Hawaiian Evangelistic Association …•…. 549 Church Missions, Contribution for, 554; Hawaiian Islands.•.•……………….871, 466 Wesleyan Missionary Society, 313; Hebrew Christian Conference at Chicago… 223 " Friend~," .. . . . . .. ………………… 460 Hiuduism. . . . . . . . . . . . . .• . .•…••…… 636, 1~8 Epitaph 10 John Geddie… •. ….•• …….. 64 Hirsch, Baron, and the Jews .•.••….. 642, 157 Evanielicai Alliance, Florence…•….. 622, 812 Hiroshima, Japan ………••…….••••..•. 287 Enngelical Association ……..•….•…… 234 Holland and Slave Trade…….. .•……… 76 Evangelistic Association, Hawaiian…….. 549 Home and Foreign Lando. . . .. ..•……… :151 Evangelization, 210; New Testament Hong KonJ:( and the Bible…………..••• 716 Teaching. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 608 Honor Roll of Methodist Missionaries …… 220 Evangelization, French…. . . . . . . • . . . . . . . .. 580 Hormaz<1ji Peestonji, Death of…………. 834 Excuses for Extravagance. . . . ••• .. ……. 862 Hospitals ……………….. " ………. " 9[)0 Extracts, etc……… " . . .•. . . . .• . . . . . . . . .. 845 Hnguenots, A few pages from History of..• 51"4 Extravagance, Excuses for .••………….. 862 Falconer, Keith, Arabia ……… '" ……. 319 Female Education, Society for Promoting.. 794 PAGE PAGl!: Huguenot>, France……………………. 474 Je,nit Catechism, An Old ……………… 939 JEWS, 305, 625, 542, 946; Uu,"ian, 305, 542; Human Race …………………… , …… 474 at Oueesa, 78; EvangeHzation or, gOO; IInngarian Jews ……. _ …………. 717 Hnngarian, 717; British Society for Prop agation of Gospel among the, 872; and Iberian Peoples, Misl'3ions to…… . . . . . . . .. 8t:1 Vitmlla, 294; and Baron Hirsch, 157, 54~ ; RusFla and the, 220; and Palestine, etc., Iceland ……………………………. 5;). 239, 480, 5~5t 636, 720 Idolatry in India ……………………… 2,10 Jewish PopUlation of the Globe ……. , .. ,. 712 ~Toues, Rev. T. German ………………… 155 U In Darkest England"…………….. '" 2'24 Jpallsi, ….. , .. ,_ …………………….. 717 Kali, Hymn to.. .. … ..,………………. 687 INDIA, Outlook in, 615, ';'00; 'l'innevelly, Karachi (India), Seaman's Rest at .,",.' .. 768 Karclls, Missions among. '" ………….. 388 631; Marriage of Girls in, 608; Census Kaslllnir …. ….. " .. 132, 7GB 'O ••••••••••••••••• Kerr, Dr., at Canton …………….. , …. 549 of, 635, 717; Bible Society in, 712; Mar Khama, King , ……………………….. 606 Kolhapur Mb.ion, Annual Meeting, .. , … 387 riage Law in, 691, 2:J8; Southern, 631; Korean Missions…. . . .. …………. 708, 719 'Vornen in, 6:35; Salvation Army. 7'1'7; lIn- Kyoto, Doshbha University at ….•……. 558 Lagos, Mohamnedans …. , …………….. 465 rathi,633; WcstSnndn I,lands, 68S; Wld- Land of the Azt.ecs.. .. .. .. .. .. .. …. …… 228 Lantern Slides and Missions.. …. … .. .. 390 ow's Union, 635; National C01lgrefis of, Languages in Africa………………… . 24Q Lapses in Mission Lands …………….. _. 774 178; Telugu Bapti"t Church in, 718; Col. Ol- Lavigerie, CardinaL… .. .. …. . _……. 75, 688 Leo XIII. and Roman Catholics, …….. " 714 cott in, 687; English Presbyterian Church Lepers in India…. ' .. , …… ' …….. 717,797 Les8uto, French Missionaries in .. , …….. 605 in, 714; Malayan Mission, 768; JIar- Letters from Mrs. Grace Stott, 784; from J.

athi Mission in, 770. ~ 71; North ]Ictho- Hndson Taylor, 386; from Rev. Marshall Lang, of Japan, 49"1; from Rev. Dr. Steele, dist Episcopal C,.nfercnce in, 771 , India, Sydney, 560; from E. F. Baldwin., …. ,' 71 Liberia …. ' ……………….. ' …. …. .. 607 770, 873; Idolatry in, 240; Scotch Mis- Uddon, Canon……………………. … 80 Liquor Traffic in U. S ……….. ,….. _614, 616 aions to, 129; Reaction of llcathenism Literature, Chinese, Valnation of ………. 602 Literatnre, Missionary ..•. '" . . .. . .. ' .•..• 390 in, 770; U. P. Church in, 771; Missions, Liverpool, Scandinavian Mission in .. , …. , 232 Livingstone and Mackay ……….. ' … ' … 606 Will. Carey, 8!4; Women in, 951; Dr. J.ivillgstone's MetllOds, ……….. , ….. _.. 607 Livingstonia Free Church, Scotland….. ". 792 Pentecost on, 387; Inelia, 295, 308, 311, Livingstonia Mission, Andrew C. Murray… 70 London Mission Society, 795; Ninety- 313,460,480, 521, 557; We.leyan Mis.ions Seventh Anniversary ……… , ……… 795 London Poor and General Booth .• " •… . . . . 66 in, 223; Dr. Pentecost in, 182, 557 ; Edu- London Society for Promoting Christianity among the Jews ……………… , …….. 795 cation of Women in, 640; Education in, Los Angeles Presbytery…. .. …………. 567 Lowrie, Dr., Resignation of… , ••••….•..• 380 128, 129, 131, 320 ; Hindnism, 125: Future Loundie, Rev. James …… , ……………. 155 Lutheran Church .. , ………………….. 475 High Caste in, 931; Inflnence of Pariah Lutheran Chnrch, Statistics of….•••• '" . • 233 Lntherans ' …….. ' ……………… ' …. 156 Christians in,… .. … .. …… '………. 933 Lntherans in U. S ………. ' … ' ….. , …. 794 Lutherans, Evangelical, and Foreign Mis- Indian Children and Gift•…. ' •… ,…….. 68 sions ………………………………. ';'13 Ll1tteroth, M. Hmri………………….. 61 Indian Convention, North Methodist Epi8- Mackay, A. M…. …………… .. .. 154, 447 Mackay and Livingstone……………….. 606 copal Chlll'ch ……. , ……….. ',…… 239 Mackay of Uganda ………………… 304, 468 1tlackay of Formosa", …………….. , … 470 Indians, North American", .. 819, 358, 545, ,'91 Madagascar …………….. , …… 558,687, 959 McAll,872; Work, 97; Missions, 295, 455, Indians, Roman Catholics and … ,…….. 73 628,846 Inglis, Rev. John, D,D., New Hebrides., … 78.3 IMtrnments and Agents ………………. 117 Intolerance, Rnssia, ………………….. 238 Inviting Pnblic Speakers.. " …….. , …… 390 Inundation, Tientsin, China. . " ….. . …. 153 Irish Presbytt'rilln Church ……. , ….. " .. , 764 Is Japan Fickle,.. .. …….. ', ………… 781 Islands of the Sea…………………….. 546 ITAL Y. 76, 624, 629, 718; Free Church in, 629, 713; Methodist Episcopal Church in, 630; Southern Baptists in, 680; Gospel Work in, 312, 713; and Bible, 792, 846 Items of Intelligence …………… , …. 72, 74 Jaesehke, Henry A ……….. ' …… , …… 459 Jamaica Presbyterian Church, 714; United Presbyterian Chnrch.. ,…….. .. .. …. 458 .TAPAN. 76, 308-11, 466,558, 636, 78t, ,93, 794, 850 ; Confession in, 588; Missions in, 239, 588 ; Missions in fo lf90, 552; Letters from Rev. Marshall Lang of, 495; Rus- sian Missionaries in, 519 ; Hiroshima, 287; Passports, etc., 718, 719; Temples, 714; D,·. W. E. Griffis on, 718; Girls' School, Kobe, 701; Cumberland Presbyterian Church in, 715; Missions in 707, 711; Rum in, 238; Education in, 238; and China, 523; Bible Trimslation in, …… ,. 941 Japanese in America…. .. ……………. 545 JAVA,308-11, 456; and the Dutch …… 460 Jeru~alem, 5~ ; Jews in" ……. "…….. 931 PAGE PAGJa McAIl Missions and M. Saillells ………… 223 McAll, Rev. Dr., and French Missions …… 383 Mission, New, to the Central Soudan …… 555 McAuley, Rev. Alex., Death of………… 2~4 Mi••ion. in Egypt …………………….. 385 McCabe, Chaplain, and World·Wide Mis- Missions in Japan, 558; for 1890……….. 552 Missiolls among the Karens …………… 388 sions ……………………………… 383 Missiolls in Mexico …….. 549, 558 _0 ••••••••• Making God Partner …………………. 609 Mi••ion. New Hebrides……………. .. .. 560 Malayan Mission, Iudia………………. 768 Mis.ions on the Niger. .. . .. .. …… ……. 554 Manchuria…………………………. 558 Mi.sioll ou the Zambesi, Branch………. 606 Maples, Archdeacon ………………….. 312 Missions and Lantern Slides………….. 390 Marathi Mission, India ……………… 770. 771 Mission Maps and Charts …. '" …•…..386, 941 Marriage of Girls. India. 608; Marriage Mission, Pastor Gosner's ………………. 551 Mitchell's, Dr. Arthur, Visit to China …… 239 Law in India… .. ………………. 691 Madagascar. .. .. . .. .. . .. … … 76. 125, 233, 480 Marriage Laws in India ……………….. 238 Mohammed and Mohammedanism.. . . … .. 743 Mashonaland …………………….. 554, 716 Mohammedanism and the Greek Church, Matebeles. First Converts of ………….. 607 Materialism in.incere……. ………….. 97 Persia, Arabia, Turkey…… …. .. …… 786 Medical Missions ……………………. 709 Mohammedans efMorocco……………… 603 Medical Missions, China, 556; British, 689, Mohammedan., Lagos …………………. 465 Monthly Bulletin..77, 159, 233, 314, 556, 633, 690, 713 MeIne …………………………… 295. 459 715, 879 Methodist Church, Canada ………… … 2M Moody Institute, Chicago…………….. 320 Methodist Church. England, Primitive….. 792 Moravians …………..78.457,459,475,795, 845 Methodist Episcopal Chnrch and Miss., 205 ; MOI'avian Missions …………………. 240 Moravian Missions in Africa….. ………. 61 in Brazil. 633; in N. China ………….. 715 Moravian Work in Thibet, Mrs. Bishep …. 766 Methodist Episcopal Church, U. S., 800; Mormonism and the Mormon…………… 545 Morocco and Mohammedans…… … .. .. 603 Financial Pesslbilities of……………. 632 Monument to John Williams …………… 2'.1l Methodist Episcopal Church, South, 233 ; Mound Bnilders of America ……………. 801 Muller, George……………………….. 680 705, 793, 845 Methodist Episcopal Church. North …….. 233 Murdock, Mr., Resignation of………….. 380 . Methodist Episcopal Conference, N. India, MW8nga. King, and Slavery …………… "78 239, 771 Narayan Shishadri, Death of.. .. ……… 834 Methodist Jubilee. Welsh ……………… 553 National Bible Society of Scotland……601, 713 Methodist Soc., Primitive, Britain …….. 794 National Indian Congre……………….. 718 Methodist Protestant Church, 475; Mis- Native Christians in Future, Relative sions of.. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. … … ………. 714 Standing of…………… …………… 931 Methodist Missionaries, Honor Roll of….. 220 Native tl8. European Costume ………….. 131 Methods, Livingstone's……………….. 607 Needed, A Thousandfold More Mission Mexico, 228, 549, 558; Cumberland Church Work ……………………………… 859 in ………………………………… 715 New Guinea ……………………715, 719, 951 Minnesota, Chapel Car Ill. .. .. .. … … .. • .. 71 New Hebrides Mission …………. 560, 845, 959 Misrule in Africa, British .. ………….. 555 New Hebrides, Rev. John Inglis, D.D…… 783 Missionaries, Distribution of. . . . . …. .. . … 73 New Testament on Evangelization…….. 608 Ilflssionary Ammunition ………………. 474 New York City Mission Work…………. 950 Missionary Collections…. . ………… … 74 Ngamiland …………………………… 799 Missionary Lecture Ships……………… 381 Niger, 479, 554; Mission. on, 607; Rev. J. Missionary Literature …………………. 390 Missionary Map, Ribbon ……………… 533 A. Robinson.. .. .. .. … . …………….. 799 Missionary Map of China.. .. . … …. …… 380 Nineteenth Centennial of Chri.tianity•••••. 534 MissionlU'Y Review of the World, Succes8 Noble Giver, A………………………. 455 Non-Evangelical Churches…………….. 91 of…………………………………. 621 North American Indians ……………819, 558 Missionary'. Shoes, The ………………. 288 North Carolina, Men Needed in ………… 697 Missionary Societies, 73, 8§(), 891; Compar- Northfield, Mass., Student'. Summer ative Tables……….. .. … 874, 875, 952-95" School. ……………………………. 702 Missionary Society, Berlin……………. 604 Norwegian Lntheran China MiSl!ion …….. 720 Missionary Society, Canada ……………. 474 Notes, British, for Mislions………..876-878 Missionary Training Institute. .. .•. . . . . . . .. 307 Nyasa-Land ………………………….. 553 Mission Boards, Associate…………….. 941 Odessa, Jews at……………. ……….. 18 Missions and Commerce………………. 640 Olcott, Colonel. .. .. . .. .. …. .. . .. .. … ….. 687 Mission Converts .. Failnre.. …… .. …….. 63 Opium Trade, Society for Suppression of, Missions of the English Universities……. 554 Missions, Foreign, British Contributions to, 340 764; Curse, 508; Traffic, 219, 304. 525, Missions, French, and Rev, Dr. McAIl …… 383 603, 608 Missions in Africa ……………………. 232 Missions to Deep Sea Fishermen……….. 636 Organized Missionary Work……. …….. 349 Mission. in China……………………. 552 Oroomiah. PQrsia …. …. .. ……N ……. 616 PAGE PAGE Ougale, Baptist Mission at.••.•…•….549, 557 Radcliffe. Reginald, on Evangelization…. 240 Outlook in India ……….•….•………. 615 Railways. African……………. ………. 74 Paganism, Christianized…•…•………… 535 Reformed Church of U. S ……………… 234 PALESTINE, 959; and Jews, 239, 480, Reformed Episcopal Church in Alaska…… 238 Reformed Church Missions.. . . . .. . …….. 240 636, 693; and English Church Misoionary Relation to one Another, Churcbes and Societies, 712, 792; Church Friction in…. 554 Papal Europe, 624-629 ; Population of….. 629 Mi.sions…….. ……… …….. ….. … 65 P ABIS. Congress of French Protestants Religion and Education in India …….. 129, 131 in ….•.•….•.••………••…………. 238 Religion, Symbols of…. ……………….. 87 Partition of Africa ………………… 320, 633 Religlou. Attitude ot Chinese Mind……. 296 Partnership with Christ. .. …. . •…••••.. 470 Remarkable Farewell, Dr. J. E. Clough….. 548 Partnership with God in Giving. … ……. 609 Report of American Bible SocIety………. 783 Pastor Go••ner'. Mission……………… 551 Republicanism in France. . . . . . . ..• . . . . . .. .. 762 PA·..AGONIA …………………….. 639 Re.ignation of Dr. Lowrie ……………… il80 Pau]'s Creed ………………………… 638 Revival, Telugu……………………… 4611 Penzottl, Release of, 465; Imprisonment Ritualism and Romanism …. . .. . . . . . .. . . . . 65 of………………………………… 302 Roman Catholics, 80 ; and Indians. 73 ; and Pentecost, Rev. Dr. G. F., 635,636,718; in India ………………….. 182, 387, 470, 557 Freedmen, 551 ; Congo Free State and… 783 PERSIA .. ………………… 719, 957, 960 Roman Catholic Church. Divisions in, 686 ; Persia, Arabia, Turkey, Mohammedanism and the Greek Church……………….. 786 nnder Leo XIII…………… …. …. …. 714 Persia, Oroomiah ……. '" … •. …. .. …. … 616 Roman Catholic Mi••ion. in Africa ……… 549 Persecntion in China…………………… 639 Roman Catholic Mission. in Bengal. 629 ; In Personal Word….. ..•. •.. . …………… 860 Peters, Dr.• and Stanley……………….. 607 Denmark.. .. .. ……. . .. .. . .. •… ……. 629 Philipson. Dr. Edith Pechey……………. 560 Rom"" Catholic MI••lon., 949 ; Germany .. 607 Philpott, Mr•. S•• Letter from…. . . •. ….. 541 Roman Catholocism……………. . ….. 78 Pins IX. and Jule. Simon………………. 601 Romanism and Buddhism (Chart) •.••..• . .. 381 Pierson. D. L., Letter from……… ..•….. 67 Romanism in Anglican Church… , .•••… 318 Planting Trees In India …………………. 608 Romani.m and Ritualism. .•. .•.. ………. 65 .. Polynesian" Society, A ………………. 95, Romani.t Mis.ions …………………. 126. 131 Population lu Cities……………………. 239 Rum ill. Japan, 238; in Africa, 79 ; on Con- Practical Cure for Skepticism.. ………. .. . 64 Prayer for Missions…………………….. 256 go …………………………………. 468 Prayer·Union, Proposed ……………….. 741 Rou.sel, Napoleon…………………….. 628 Presbyterian Church inAlaska………….. 238 RUSSIA, Population of, 712; and Prot- Presbyterian Church, Canada …………… 793 Presbyterian Church. North…………….. 793 estantism, 550 ; Translation., 479 ; " Stun· Presbyterian ChUl'ch, U. S. (North), and dist" and Intolerance………………… 2:38 Foreign Mi••ions …. .. .. … ………… 715 Rus.lan Jew………………………. 220 305 Presbyterian Foreign Mis.ions, U. S. Rus.lan Missionaries in Japan ………….. 519 (North), Woman's Board …………….. %3 Salllens, Monsieur R.. the McAl! Work …. 223 Pressing Needs… .•. . ………………… 616 Salvation Army. 66. 233. 792; Italy. 312; Pres. in Heathen Lands…………………. 135 Twenty·.ixth Anniversary, 949, India …. 717 Press, Libertv of, in Turkey…………….. 157 Samoa. …………………….. .. … 158, 958 Proposed Exposition of Missions at Chi· Sargent, Bishop……………………… 610 cago ……………………………….. 534 S(JANDINA VIA …. ………………. 720 Prospectu. for 1891. .. … ……………… 62 Scandinavian Mis.ions in Liverpool…. .. .. 232 Prote.tant Church In Prus.ia…..•……… 550 Scarritt Bible Training School for Mi.sion- Protestant Church. Methodi.t …………. 475 ary Worker… . . . . .. . . . . … … .. .. …. . … 958 Protestantism in Belgium ……………… 590 Scoteh Continental Missions, 293; Missions Protestantism. Russia and……. •….•…. 350 in India …………………………… 129 Protestantism, St. Peter.bnrg and ….. ,. . .. 550 SCOTLAND.-Mr. Quarrier. 318; U. P. Protestant Episcopal Church, 792 ; Mi.sions. 235 Church,457 ; Church of, 872; Young Men's Protestant Mi••ions. 126; Summary Re- Guild of. the. 225; Free·Church Foreign suite of…………………………….. 638 Mission•• 798 ; Free Church of. 673; Mis· Protestant Mis.ion. in Spain. . . .. …. . . . . .. 553 .ions………………………….. 232,550 PRUSSIA, Prote.tant in…………… 550 Scottish DI.establishment…….•………. 143 Publication Societies …………………. 950 Seaman'. Friend Society… … ……….. 773 Public Speaker., Inlting……………… 390 Seaman'. Rest at Karachi, India………… 768 Pundlta Ramabai ……………. 139, 700, 717 Secunderbad. IDdia…. .. … ………….. 76 PUNJAB ……………………….. 639 Self· Sacrifice ………………………… 808 Rabinowitch……. ……………………. 64 Seward, Dr. Sara C…. ………. … ……. 717 Sball we have Another Missionary Confer- Bace, Ho.mau,.,., •.•.• , ……………….. 474 ence? ……………………………… 526 SHANGHAI, 620; China Inland Mis- sion. 385; Conference, 379; and Confu- cius ………………………………. 716 flhemmas Weel>~a of Moslli•.•.•……….. ,5' PAGE PAGE Sheshadri, ReT. Dr: Narayan, Death of ….. ·soo Tientsin, China, Inundation……….. 153 Shoe". The Missionary's ………•………. 288 Times, New York, Letter to. ………. …. 928 SIBERIA. . . .. . .. . ……… ……. .. 957 Sydney, Letters from the Rev. Dr. Steele… 560 Tinnevelly, India …………………….. 631 tJignal Cry of the New Crusade…………. 537 Sites, Healthy, Central Africa ……•……. 604 TOKIO, Japan……………………… 794 S.ize of British Empire………•.•………. 130 Skepticism, Practical Care for ……..•…. M Total Abstinence… ………………….. 542 Slanry,75; and King Mwango ………… 478 Slave Trade, Holland and… .• . . . . • . • . . • • . . . 76 Town of Churches, Editor's…. .. …….. 63 SMYRNA …………………………. 559 Smythies, Bishop, 75 : Africa ..•.•…•.•… 605 Tract Society, Burma Bible and ……….. 608 Societe des Missions Evangelique•……… 872 Society tor Promoting Female Edncation .. 794 Training Institute, Missionary …………. 307 Society for Propagation of Gospel, 630, 797; Trinidad ……………………………… 558 Dnblin …………………………….. 637 Society for Snpprc"ion of Opium Trade… 764 Tucker, Bishop…………….. ..318, 477, 715 Solemn League and Covenant ……… 860, 861 Soudan, New Mi••ion to the Central, 555: TURKEY, 79, 559; Liberty of Press, Pioneers.. .. . . . .. .. .. .. … .. .. . . . • . . •• . . .. 256 157 ; Native Christians in, 933 ; Harpoot. Sonthern Baptists (U. S.)……………… 632 SPAIN, Gospel in, 583, 624, 629, 704: 616 ; Harput,873; Dictionary on, 720 ; Per- Protestant Missions in, 553, 630 ; Spain sia, Arabia, and Mohammedanism lLIld the Figueras. • . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. …. .. . . . . . . … 259 Spiritnal Atmosphere. ……. ……… ….. 87 Greek Church. '" … …….. …….. ..•• 786 Stanley, H. M., 127, 638; Rear Gwnd, 223; Dr. Peters and, 607; Mr. Fred. J ……… 386 Turkey College, Cell.tral ……………….. 559 Statistics, Lack of Information ……….. 306 Statistics of the Lntheran Chnrch ……… 223 TV8KALOOSA, Mission to Dark Con- Steamer for the Conu;o ………… . …… 553 tinent ………………………….. 156 Stebbins, Mr. and Mrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470 Steele, Rev. Dr. (Sydney, N. S. W.), Letters Uganda, 555, 683, 799; Bishop Tucker in, from the …….., . . .. . .. .. … .. . .. . . . … 560 78,318,715 : Mackay of, 304, 468; Wars .. 6U5 Stott, Mrs. Grace, Letter from. . . . .• . . . . . . .. 784 St. Petersbnrg and Protestantism ……… 550 Unemployed Native AgenCies in Heathen Stndent Volunteers, 132, 697: Summer SChool, Northfield, 702; Volunteer Con- Lands …………………………….. 221 vention at Cleveland. . . . . .••• ……….. 559 Union Mi~siollary Society, Woman's•… '" 551 Stundist, Ruosia. …………………….. 637 United Brethren…. . ………………… 620 Summary Resnlts of Protestant Missions.. 638 United Methodi,t Free Church …..•……. 553 SVNDA ISLANDS, W. Indies……… 688 United States Attitude to Brussels Treaty, ~urplus Wealth ………………………. 134 Swedish Congo Mi.sions ………………• 549 639 ; Foreign lfls,ionary Society of, 476 . SWITZERLAND and giving ……… 630 Symbols of Religion……. ……………. 87 Reformed Church of…………. … . .. .' 234 Symposinm on Missions……………….. 227 Universities' .Mission, Africa, 295: The Eng- SYRIA, 475, 476, 740, 943, 958: People "" and Religion.. . . . . . . ….. . ………….. 445 lish ……………………………….. 5M Sy.tematic Benevolence…. …… . .. '" 559 University at Kyoto, Do"hisha. . ……..• 5.';R SYitematic Giving, Henry Thornton and … 340 U. P. Church, India, 771; Scotland, 236, Taylor, Bishop William ……………. 79, 633 Taylor, J. Hndson, Letter from…. " ……. 386 ~4a~mtaAiic~a~~(n1819;1:),. ~.~.~.i.;o.~l.1.~..t.·.8.~..Y.I.~.:..I.~.~..d 939 Telugu Baptists. … …. . .. . . . . .. .. . .. . . . .. 718 Tclugu, Canadian Baptist………………. 771 Upper Burmah ……………………… 392 Tclugus, 460, 7gg; Revival, 469: Dr. J. E. UTAU, 871 : and Mission Schools. … . .. 793 Clough amotlg, 959; A Remarkable Fare- Uzbek Translations …………………… 4,'9 well ………………………………. 54 Vahl, Dean, and Atlas. .•. ………. .•.. 705 Temperance Association, Anglo-Indian ….. 798 Ten 'l'housand Additional lIn"sionaries …. 141 Vienna v. •Jews ………………………. 294 Texas Baptist Missionary Work … , …….. 1,,3 Thibet. .•. .. . .• . .. . . . … .. … . ….. 150, 239, 9:8 Valley of Death ………………………. 107 Thoburn, Bishop ………………….. 619, 718 Wahuma Race…. ……. ..••• .• ……. 294 Thompson, Sir Rivers. . … …… . ……. 4,,8 Waldenses and Missione ….•..•.520,549, 629 Thornton, Henry, and Systematic Giving…. 340 Waldensian Church…. ……………….. 61 Tibet, Moravian Work ln, Ml's. lli:-h(}1;l ….. 7GI) War, Cost of …….. …•…. … . ……. 79. 712 Wars, Uganda and…. .. ……. …… . •.. 605 Wealth and its Distribution. .. . . .. . .•. . . . .. 720 Welsh Calvinistic Metbodist Jubileo …… 553 Waers;lreySaonciCehtyu,rcBhreiStjsEhn, g7la9n6d; ,E7n92g:liMshi,ss8io1n3-; MIssioris in India, 223; MiSSIOnary So- ciety …………… '" …•………..•. 76, 156 Wesleyens, British…………………… 631 White, Rev. Wellington J ……………… 782 Wilder, Rev. G., Letter from …..•.•.•….. 619 William.on, Dr. Alex., China ………….. 143 Williams, John, Monument to ..•….. , …. 2ft7 Wishard, L. D ……………….. _•••..• 534 Women in India ………..L ………….. 635 Women's Missionary Society United Breth- ren, 620 ; Board of Presbyterian Forei~ Missions (U. S. North), 783; Women s Mi,.ionary Societies Statistics, 396: Union Missionary Society, 551 ; Societies, n, 471; Work, 273, 319; Work for Women ……………………………. 240 Word to Contributors………. ……….. 62 Word, Per"onal …………………….. 860 World's Convention, Shall there be Another.. . ……………………….. 142 World-Wide Field………… … ….. … 72 World-Wi,le Mi"sions, Chaplain McCabe•.• 383 Worshippers, A HIance at Chinese ……… 531 Wright, Mrs. J. N.. … … .. …………… ~59 Y. M. C. A.. 720. 958; In Foreign Lands…• 240 Y. P. S. C. Endeayor………………. 791, 638 Young Men's Guild of the Church of Scot- land ………………………………. 225 Z('llana Work, Mac1ul'ft, Inrih- .. _… ~ ….•• 794 ZmHlmt Bihle and Medical Mission ……•.• 797 Za.ml)e",~ l~ranl~h )1i"'''10H'& ou the ••.•..•••• tlO'f;'