The Missionary Review of the World — November 1932

1932

A Brahniin Who Sought Peace Glenn B. Ogden The Conquering Christ in·South America Samuel Guy Inman Religion-By Evolution or Revelation· Samuel M. Zwem.er A Pastor's Opportunity Francis Shunk Downs Missions to Indians-Yesterday and Today Thomas C.· Moffett Oases in the Good Earth G. Carleton Lacy

STANLEY HIGH Editorial Chat THE MISSIONARY

The New Crisis The demand for the July-August OF THE WORLD issue of THE REVIEW, on the Amerin the Far East ican Indian, exhausted the first edi- Delavan L. Pierson, Editor tion and it has been reprinted. Copies Christianitg and Opposing Forces may be obtained, if ordered promptly, Vol. LV Nov., 1932 No. 11 at 25 cents each, $20 a hundred. An indispensable handbook for those FRONTISPIECE ………. 578 who desire something more than a news- *** paper acquaintance with the world's TOPICS OF THE TIMES … 579 most serious international crisis. $1.00 The special Christmas offer of THE REVIEW appears on page 623. Don't Thanksgiving Under Difficulties The Uncut Nerve of Missions, miss it! This gives an opportunity to Laymen Appraise Foreign 'Mis- bring pleasure and help to pastors, by Cleland B. McAfee missionaries and other friends and at sions the same time to help the Cause of Where There Is No Missionary Dr. McAfee's latest book is for those deeply con- Christ whose coming to earth we are commemorating. Depression cerned as to what the future holds of duty and Sunday School Leaders at Rio opportunity in the Mission field. *** $1.50 A BRAHMIN WHO Read the comments on the Lay- SOUGHT PEACE ……. 583 New life Through God, men's Roreign Mission Inquiry (on page 580) and you will be convinced Glenn B. Ogden of Kasganj, India by Toyohiko Kagawa that the work of evangelical missions is not completed either at home or THE CONQUERING "If you're not too Western to take a good straight abroad. THE MISSIONARY RE- CHRIST IN SOUTH VIEW OF THE WORLD fills a more AMERICA ………….. 588 dose of Christian preaching from an Oriental, important need than ever. Samuel Guy Inman of New York you'll find, as I did, that it is a really powerful *** RELIGION – BY EVOLUbook. In Japan it is selling by the hundred thous- We have on hand some very at- TION OR BY REVELA- tractive colored Bible pictures (6 1,4 x TION ………………. 591 and."-Christian Advocate. $1.50 8% ) suitable for missionary use. These will be furnished free as long Samuel M. Zwemer of Princeton Religions of Old Korea, as the supply lasts. WHAT THE "MAN OF by Charles Allen Clark, Ph.D. * *' * HOPO" THINKS OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH … 594 A II permanent contribution to the literature bearing READ WHAT READERS SAY on Asiatic faiths."-King's Business. A PASTOR'S OPPORTU- "There is no magazine that we en- NITY ………………. 595 Illustrated, $2.50 joy reading more than THE RE- VIEW. It fills a place no other mag- Francis Shunk Downs of Berkeley, A Jolly Journal, azine can fill." California by Isabel Crawford BERTHA M. LUCK, A JAPANESE ST. FRAN- CIS ………………… 599 Anyone who knows Isabel Crawford, author of Woman's Board of Missions, Nashville, Tenn. The Editor "Kiowa," etc., is well aware that she can never say nor write anything that isn't interesting, in- *** MISSIONS TO INDIANSstructive and entertainin~. YESTERDAY AND TO- Illustrated, $1.50 "I prize THE REVIEW more and DAy ………………. 601 more every year. The October num- The Course of Christian ber is great! Please send me an extra Thomas C. Moffett of New York copy and a Christmas Gift subscrip- Missions, tion to my daughter." OASES IN THE GOOD EARTH ……………. 603 by William Owen Carver, D.O. THE REV. L. B. WOLF, D.D., United Lutheran Church, G. Carleton Lacy of Shanghai A succinct yet comprehensive record, which traces Baltimore, Md. OVERCOMING 0 B S T A – the main line of the history and development of *** CLES IN CHINA …….. 606 missions down to the present day. $3.00 "The July issue of THE REVIEW Wm. H. Gleysteen of Peiping went like the proverbial 'hot cakes' at An American Doctor each of the conferences I attended and EFFECTIVE WAY S OF at Work in India, I wished for many more." WORKING …………. 609 by Sir W. J. Wanless, M.D. MRS. DAN BRUMMIT, Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison Introduction by Robert E. Speer, D.D. An Kansas City. WOMEN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN …………. 612 important record of his own experiences by one held OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTin the highest regard by those familiar with medical LOOK ……………… 615 missions. $1.50 OUR MISSIONARY BOOK- SHELF •……………. 621 New Revised Edition Publication Office The Foreign Missionary, 40 S. Meridian St., Indianapolis, by Arthur Judson Brown, D.O. Indiana A new and thoroughly revised edition of a mis- Editorial and Business Office sionary classic by one who has been described as 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City "the highest authority on problems relating to Christian civilization in the Far East." Net, $2.00 Entered as second-class matter at Post-Office, Indianapolis, Ind., under HUGH REDWOOD :Act of March 3, 1879. G d · h' n t e O· I FIRST 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year romON Foreign Postage 50 cents a year Shad0 ws FIFTY THOUSAND Published monthly-All rights reserved Copyrighted 1932 by the The author's "God in the Slums" has already sold MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBin the United States and Great Britian nearly three LISHING CO., INC.

hundred thousand. The new book is starting off with BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, President an edition of fifty thousand and should quickly take its WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer place among the best selling religious books in two DELAVAN L. PIERsON, Secretary SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT continents. $1.00 MRS. ORRIN R. Juno WM. B. LIPPHARD Fleming H. Revell Company ERIC M. NORTH MILTON J. STAUFFER New York ,. « 158 Fifth Avenue A. L. W ARNSHUIS SAMUEL M. ZWEMER

A. C. CHAKRAVARTI (WITH BABY) IN HIS CHRISTIAN ASHRAM, WITH HIS FAMILY AND CHRISTIAN

A RECENT PHOTOGRAPH OF HINDU GURUS, PRIESTS AND PANDITS, WITH CHRISTIANS, AT MR. CHAKRAVARTI'S ASHRAM Sweeper (untouchable) Christians are included in this Ashram, with Purdah women (behind the doors)', who have never before joined in any Christian meeting. (See page 583.) REVIB ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 11 NOVEMBER, 1932 Topics of the Times THANKSGIVING UNDER DIFFICULTIES and difficulties; for the incentives to return to a Many may find it difficult this year to celebrate simpler, more healthful manner of life; for fam- the national Thanksgiving Day with the zest they ilies reunited through the new need for economy; have shown in prosperity. In America alone for public officials who are true to their trust and some ten million workers are out of employment; are seeking to serve with all their powers; for thousands have lost all their material possessions the example of nations like Great Britain and and multitudes are dependent on public charity statesmen like President Hoover; for schools, hos- for their daily bread. pitals, churches and other institutions that con- It is true that prosperity has led to thoughtless- tinue to build up character and life; for our in- ness, wastefulness and self-indulgence. Many heritance-individual, national, religious.

have thought that they could do without God and We may also give thanks for the true founda- have neglected His laws, His worship, His Word tions of society that are laid bare when the tem- and His service. Like Israel of old we have gone porary superstructure is laid low; for the love of astray and have turned everyone to his own way, family and friends; for our homes and children; rather than walked in the way of God. for the business man and teachers who remain Adversity has a sobering influence. Men see true in the midst of adversity; for the conscious- that money will not buy security or happiness ness that troubles come to pass-not to remain; and that human institutions are weak and apt to that the future holds larger possibilities of satis- crumble. Unless blinded by ignorance and preju- faction than the present; for God's good gifts of dice, we realize that the spiritual things are the sunshine and showers, of the many dependable things that abide and that we cannot truly live natural resources of earth and the heavens, of without God. Dr. J. Stuart Holden of London in- mind and spirit.

terprets the prophecy of Habakkuk as bringing We may well give thanks for God-given ability us this message: "Though all my profits be to learn lessons from past and present experi- swept away and I be left without a credit balance; ences; for the privilege of work and the opportu- though all my dividends be passed; and though nity to show kindness to others; for the many the value of all my securities disappears in the earnest endeavors to establish peace, righteous- economic blizzard, yet will I rejoice in God and ness and brotherhood among men; for the prog- joy that I am living! The world has lost noth- ress of Christian missions and the establishment ing till it has lost God ! " . of groups of earnest believers in God in all lands; When we set ourselves to thinking seriously we for the spiritual awakenings in Persia and Africa, find that we have many true reasons for thanks- in India and Burma, in Siam and China, in Korea giving in these days through which we are pass- and Japan, in Latin America and the islands of ing. Here are some topics for thought or for the sea, in the cities and towns all over North sermons. America; we give thanks that the mercy of God We may give thanks for the failure of folly to has not failed; that the eternal verities cannot satisfy; for the sobering influence of adversity; be swept away by material catastrophies; we may for the shattering of self-complacency and self- still rest confident in God as the all-wise, loving sufficiency; for new sources of help revealed; for creator, in Christ and His Way of Life, and in the the spirit of courage manifested by those who fulfillment of His promises.

suffer; for unselfish service rendered to those in In fact, when we compare our cause fordissat~ need; for many victories over discouragements isfaction with our reasons for thanksgiving, have [579 ]

we any reasons for discouragement or complaint? meantime extensive extracts have been given to There is good reason to make this season one the press. The "Appraisers" commend Christian of true thanksgiving to God; a season of hope missionary work as a whole and recognize many and joy; a time to mark new beginnings and a benefits that have come to humanity from the sinbrighter outlook. Let us think and thank God! cerity, courage and devotion of men ,and women who have given their lives and their money to pro- LAYMEN APPRAISE FOREIGN MISSIONS mote it. But they declare that "far reaching changes" must now be made if further support is In January, 1930, a small group of American warranted and if we are to expect success. Christian laymen decided to look into this Foreign Missionary business. This was natural and They summarize their view of the problem and right. Over $40,000,000 are contributed annually point out what they conceive to be the present to be spent by American Protestant mission weaknesses of the enterprise. They then make boards to promote Christianity abroad. Nearly general recommendations along the following 30,000 American and European missionaries are lines: giving their lives to this service. The work has not been without result, for forty thousand mis- 1. Mission workers should join with the Hindus, Mossion churches have been established in non-Chris- lems and Buddhists to counteract the growth of athetian lands and over eight million people are now ism, irreligion and materialism, rather than undertake allied with these Christian missions. But re- to combat the non-Christian religions. cently missionary contributions at home have been falling off. Travelers and others have criticized 2. Missionaries must make a sympathetic study of other the work. Some say that it is faulty and old religions to discover the points of agreement with fashioned; some that it is useless; others that it Christianity; they must present positive rather than is the greatest work in the world. 'Some hold that negative conceptions of life and religion. we spend too much for foreign missions, others too little. Some complain about the methods, 3. We should drop theological disputes and "separate others about the type of missionaries sent and Christianity from our Western history and agencies, the kind of institutions established abroad. Whom presenting it as a universal religion." shall we believe? 4. The missionary personnel must be more carefully se- When funds for an investigation were independ- lected by home boards, with a view to technical effiently provided, this small group of laymen decided ciency, discarding those of limited ability and narrow to look into the matter-not as opponents of the outlook. work but as friends. Seven large church boards agreed to cooperate, and sponsors, or "directors 5. The churches on the mission fields should take the of the inquiry," were selected from the cooperat- initiative in indicating how many and what kind of ing denominations. Three groups of specialists, missionaries they wish sent to their field. "Fact Finders," were sent in advance to India, China and Japan to gather material. Next fifteen 6. Sectarianism at home and on the mission field should men and women were asked to visit these fields to be discarded in favor of unity and cooperation-not investigate and report-all expenses paid. Before necessarily uniformity. they left America a year ago five volumes of the printed report of the "Fact Finders" were placed 7. Boards at home should unite to set up a general adin the Commissioners' hands. Then they set out ministrative board to promote and supervise the work to discover the answers to three main questions: of all the denominations. This super-mission agency should be made up of executives and of laymen out- 1. In view of present conditions is there need to continue side the boards. or expand foreign missionary work in non-Christian lands? There are commendable points in their recom- mendations. There is recognition of the value of 2. Are the present ideals and methods satisfactory; if the Christian message and the need for sharing not, what changes should be made? with others the values we have found in Christ; there is acknowledgment of the common need of 3. In view of modern conceptions of culture and religion, "salvation" from ignorance and failure. There is what should be the attitude of Christians toward those frank recognition of faults of the Christian of other religious faiths? Church and the need to correct them-sectarian rivalry, self-complacency and lack of appreciation The Appraisal Commission, after nine months of others. There is emphasis on the importance on the field, has recently returned and has pre- of sending only our best as missionaries, and on sented their report to the Directors of the Inquiry. the prime importance of a vital Christian life and Later this is to be submitted to the seven cooper- experience. The Commissioners realize that Christianity grows by "sharing" and that the ating boards* and may then be published. In the strength of the Church in the field is shown by its quality and influence rather than by statistical tables.

* The cooperating boards are the Baptist (Northern), Congrega- tional, Dutch Reformed, Episcopal, Methodist EpIscopal (North), Pres- byterian (North), and United Presbyterian. These boards have coop- erated only by conference with the Commissioners and by facilitating their investigation.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

The personnel of the Commission* assures us of God as manifesting His purpose and power to- of an honest, courageous and intelligent piece of day in Christian missions; no recognition of the work. M.any of their criticisms seem justified. guidance and work of the Holy Spirit, or of the Any careful appraisal of their report must await importance of prayer. A humanistic philosophy its publication in full, but these advance instal- dominates the recommendations.

ments give grounds for some misgivings as to its 8. A super-board of missions will not be ac- real value and influence. ceptable to the Church at home. The Inter- 1. The report deals with generalities more Church World Movement brought catastrophe, not than with concrete facts as to methods and re- triumph.

sults. The Commissioners might almost have This report should not be taken to represent written it without leaving America. the judgment of the cooperating mission boards.

2. They conceive of missions from the stand- It will not be presented to them until November point of human philosophy, and on a cultural 18th. What are conceived to be weaknesses in basis, rather than as the fulfillment of a divine the report should not prevent acknowledgment of commission to spread everywhere the Good News its commendable features or hinder the correction of life through Christ. The Commissioners of weaknesses in missionary work as conducted clearly speak as philosophers and educationalists today. We need to reappraise our motives, our rather than as evangelists. personnel, our expenditures and our methods to 3. They apparently fail to see any vital dif- bring them into harmony with the Spirit and ference between "religion" in general 'and the standards of Christ. We believe that if the re- Christian religion in particular; between human port as it stands were adopted by the boards- ethnic beliefs and practices, and the revelation of which we doubt-it would weaken rather than God through His Son Jesus Christ. As a result strengthen evangelical missions ; it would reduce they suggest alliance with other religions to com- rather than increase missionary gifts; it would bat irreligion. This is unthinkable and unwork- lead to a greater division rather than greater able from a Christian point of view. unity in the churches. Christianity is not a phil- 4. Apparently the Appraisers have very little osophy of life. The essence of Christianity is understanding of the evils associated with Hindu- Christ. The only successful mission work is that ism, Buddhism and Islam or of their failure to which extends His rule over men who acknowl- make known God and victorious love. The New edge Him as Divine Saviour and Lord. Let us Testament teaches that the followers of these re- seek to make missions more Christ-like.

ligions have an equal spiritual need with atheists WHERE THERE IS NO MISSIONARY and materialists, that men are immortal souls, as DEPRESSION well as social humans.

5. The attitude of the report toward Christian It is an astonishing fact that the cooperating evangelism is unsatisfactory. The Appraisers missionary societies in the Netherlands are not recommend that medical and educational missions suffering from the present depression. The in- be separated from evangelistic work-the definite come of these societies in 1931 was F1.25,000 effort to win men to Christ. ($10,000) larger than in 1930; and in the first 6. There is a lack of any consideration of the six months of 1932 it was F1.70,000 ($28,700) comparative spiritual values and results of vari- larger than in the same period of 1931. Three ous types of mission work-educational, medical, reasons are suggested to explain this fact.

social and evangelistic. Apparently the Ap- The first is that these Christian people love mis- praisers are not very familiar with such remark- sions. The National "Mission-fest," held last July able spiritual awakenings and transformations as on the grounds of the palace of the Queen-Mother have taken place in North Korea, ,among the at Soestdijk near Amersfoort, gave ample evi- Telugus in India and in many parts of China. It dence of this. In spite of a rainy day, over three would be interesting to know how they would ap- thousand people were present. If the weather praise such work as that of the China Inland Mis- had been more friendly, from eight to ten thou- sion, the Japan Evangelistic Band and the Dohna- sand people might have been expected. From vur Fellowship. three platforms speakers gave addresses to peo- 7. There seems to be no adequate recognition ple sheltering themselves under umbrellas.

• The Appraisal Commission was made up of the following: Prof. There were many interesting features to this and Mrs. Wm. E. Hocking of Harvard; Pres. Clarence A. Barbour of "fest". In the program especial consideration Brown University; Edgar H. Betts of Troy; Pres. Arlo A. Brown of was given to the younger people. Popular ad- Drew University; Dr. Charles P. Emerson, University of Indiana dresses were interspersed among those of a more Medical School; Dr. Henry S. Houghton, University of Iowa M<dical solid character, required to satisfy a Dutch audi- School; Prof. Rufus M. Jones of Haverford College; Dr. Wm. P. Mer- ence. The varied and picturesque costumes worn rill, pastor of Brick Church, N. Y. C.; Albert L. Scott of N. Y.; Mr. and Mrs. Harper Sibley of Rochester; Dr. Henry C. Taylor, agricultural specialist; Vice-Pres. Woodward of the University of Chicago; and Miss Ruth F. Woodsmall of Indianapolis.

were evidence that the people came from all parts vidual giver is card-catalogued. Every gift is of the country and from rural classes as well as systematically followed up, and if it is not refrom the city. The Queen-Mother was there, but peated in due time the reason is sought. Here the Queen and her Consort were prevented by is a lesson for wasteful, inefficient Americans! absence from the country. The deep interest in What gains in economy and in effectiveness might foreign missions and the manifest devotion of the be made if our mission boards would seek the people to this cause was evident. What other largest possible cooperation in administration! purpose could bring them together on a rainy day for an outdoor series of addresses? A. L. WARNSHUIS.

A second reason for the steady support of mis- SUNDAY SCHOOL LEADERS AT RIO sions by the Christians in Holland may be found in the fact that the income of the societies de- While Brazil was experiencing a formidable repends not upon large gifts but on a multitude of bellion (which has since been terminated), Parasmall gifts. This means extensive and effective guay and Bolivia were contending for Chaco, missionary education, and a thorough-going culti- Chile was experiencing one political upheaval vation of individual givers and of pastors and after another, and Colombia and Peru were on church leaders. A detailed study of the methods the verge of warfare, representatives from thiradopted by these Dutch missionary societies in ty-three nations gathered at Rio de Janeiro in the cultivation of their constituency·would be the interests of world-wide Sunday school work. suggestive and stimulating. But the essential fact is that the base of missionary support is The number of enrolled delegates was 1,619 broad and wide as well as deep, and when the and one of the open air meetings brought together shock of economic depression comes the results some 10,000 people. Several hundred more were are not so destructive as when the opposite is prevented from attending the convention by the true. revolution which blockaded Sao Paulo.

A third fact to be noted is the extent of suc- This great international gathering represented, cessful cooperation in the work of the missionary as Sir Harold Mackintosh, the President, said, societies in Holland. Eight societies have united "the greatest and mightiest voluntary movement their administrative work. Each has maintained in the world, cooperating for the Christian eduits separate organization, treasury, and work in cation of the coming generation." The motto of the field, but the executive secretarial work, both the convention, "The Living Christ"-or in Portuas related to the cultivation of the home constitu- guese, 0 Christo Vivo-presented a striking conencies and the administration abroad, has been trast to images of the divine Babe and the dead united under one staff in the headquarters at Christ seen in the churches of Brazil and so uni- Oegstgeest, near Leiden. Instead of eight or pos- versally held up for worship in Roman Catholic sibly ten secretaries for these eight societies, countries. there are five-two for the homebase, two for the work abroad, and one general secretary. This One of the significant features of this convenunion has resulted both in economy and in effi- tion was the series of six seminar groups which, ciency. With separate organizations and one sec- under skillful leadership, discussed important retary, or in some cases two for each society, one topics connected with Christian religious educaman must spread his service over the whole field, tion and presented their findings to the convenboth at home and abroad, and can specialize in tion. The first session was opened on July 25th neither without weakening his effectiveness in one by Dean Luther A. Weigle of Yale University, or the other department. and the program was enriched by addresses by Christians from many lands. A chorus of 500 A visit to the Oegstgeest headquarters im- voices, an impressive pageant, "Christ of the presses one with the efficiency of the administra- Ages," and an educational exhibit were attractive tive organization, in the most improved machines features of the convention. Daily noon prayer and methods for their office work and in their meetings were held to seek divine guidance, felknowledge of missionary problems, always abreast lowship and power. The use of the large Municiof the best in the world. This effective coopera- pal Theater was granted by the Government free tion makes possible the successful missionary edu- of charge and many Brazilians united in offercation to which reference has been made. Summer ing generous hospitality. The convention made schools are provided to such an extent that every a profound impression on Brazilians and has pastor in Holland can attend. one every three or without doubt given a strong impetus to evangelifour years, and by the systematic working of the cal work in this great country which has now the home field every pastor has such an opportunity. strongest Protestant body in Latin America and The record of every congregation and every indi- where there are still large reaches of territory untouched by the Gospel of Christ.

A Brahmin Who Sought

By the REV. GLENN B. OGDEN Kasganj, United Provinces, India Missionary of the American Presbyterian Church. 1916- I T was a hot, sticky evening such as Calcutta came so fast and so easily? He had in a few produces in abundance during the course of years edited and sent through the press nearly all a year. A high caste Bengali business man of the ancient and best loved Sanskrit books of sat cross-legged on his floor mat, surrounded by the Hindus. Among his friends Chakravarti his ledgers, closing up business for the day. numbered outstanding men like the great poet "Just what am I getting out of all this sweat- Tagore, business men, professional men and land- ing over money? Who would pick up the lines lords. Houses he had, lands, country estates. A and drive on as I am doing were I to drop out hundred seventy-five miles from Calcutta, on the of the picture this night? Have I found heart banks of a stream chiselling its way through gran- peace-Shanti? Am I getting the best out of ite banks, he had built a country house in a de- life? Does the way I am going promise ultimate lightful garden, surrounded by mangoe, guava satisfaction? Will it bring me at last to peace?" and other Bengali fruit trees; there he expected Thus the soliloquy went on in his heart. to spend the latter years of his life in quiet devo- As a boy A. C. Chakravarti had gone to school tions, religious exercises and meditations.

in the city of his birth, Dacca, some two hundred This would be quite in keeping with the prac- miles east of Calcutta. All during his school days tice of Indian gentlemen. After money had been grinding poverty fostered within his young breast accumulated, and children grown to maturity and the determination to become a rich man when were able to look after the family affairs, then once school days were left behind. At last, with the father might retire from business and try to a capital of thirty rupees (about ten dollars), he find satisfaction in the consolations of religion.

started a book shop in the great University city. For years Chakravarti had been trying to find Such was his skill, application, and resourceful- the peace which the "world" gives. His last worry ness that within a year ten thousand rupees had would disappear when he had successfully comrolled in. Chakravarti began to acquire wealth pleted the marriage arrangements of his two and fame-but he forgot all about God and future charming and much-loved daughters. He thought life. that he was free from cares and anxieties and would be able to live on the income turned in by Some years passed, bringing us to the time his agents. when our story begins. Just why this Hindu should be talking thus to himself he did not know.

Ought not he of all men to be happy? He was Disillusionment a Brahmin of the Brahmins, having an excellent Sanskrit education; he was a writer of school But now something was disturbing him. He textbooks and a good enough salesman to per- was tired of this sort of peace, and disillusioned suade the Department of Education to accept his he gave himself to the study and practice of palm- books in competition with others. Money was istry and astrology. Again quick proficiency re- coming in, more money than he knew what to warded his efforts. He had been terribly upset do with-book seller, printer, writer that he was. by the horoscope of his elder daughter, for it re- He gave help to others with a free hand. The vealed to him that she was doomed to die within oGcasional wandering fakirs (out of the hundreds three months. Pain began to crush his heart.

of thousands of naked or half naked sadhus who The world had failed to give him peace and he wander over India in the name of religion) who resolved to seek it from some other source.

came to Chakravarti's shop found themselves well Then came this arresting, puzzling, gripping rewarded. For into the till would go his hand question: "Have you found God .?" The Hindu to gather whatever might come first, whether sil- has some conception of God even though it be ver or notes. Why bother to count it or account nothing more than that of the impersonal, un- for it when one had more than he needed, and it knowable, non-emotional IT, called Brahm. Being [583 ]

reabsorbed into this state, and losing one's iden- their stock of merit by casting coins or gifts of tity completely, is the Hindu conception of bliss. food before the holy man, he had abundance. If Chakravarti sat for a long time thinking. He lean days came he gave it little thought. He was had to admit that he was far from having found giving himself to the reading of the sacred scrip- Shanti, for which every devout Hindu longs most. tures of India, meditation, certain forms of Having everything that the world could give, he prayer, self-denial at every hand.

had with it all a heavy, burdened heart. Imagine yourself following such a course of "Well then," said he, "why not find? If the rigor for ten days. This man followed it for ten way you are following leads only to a dead end, years. He was in earnest; he was heart hungry; if it has not brought you what you most desire, he wanted something supremely. No cost was too why not set out and find? Why not act now? great if only it would bring the desired peace of Nothing is gained by delay. The present course heart. Then he began to evaluate the way he will never bring you what you want." had come since in the counting house at Calcutta But what would bring peace? Could one be he had made his great decision. Again came the sure of a way? He acted with firm resolve and questions: "Where has it brought you? Does it decided on the only way of which he knew-the hold out hope of ultimate finding? Have you way of the Hindu Yogi. It is the way of austeri- found God ?" To all of these questions, in all hon- ties, putting away of the world and repressing esty, he had to answer that he was precisely where all human desires. The trail of the Yogi leads he was ten years back. The practical mind of to the desert, the mountain cave, the grass thatch the business man could have but one reaction to by a river's brink. It means days and months this discovery. "If you have not found, if you and years spent in pious, rigorous devotions, see no hope of finding along this way, you are on meditations, exercises, with the hope that at last the wrong road. Try another."

one will be able to break through into the pres- At this juncture an old debt was paid by a for- ence of reality and find peace. mer debtor in Calcutta. This provided enough So it was that Chakravarti divested himself of to take him and his wife and daughters back to his business, turning it over to a company of men Dacca. Here he joined, first, the popular school who later ran it into the ground. With just of Vaishnavism and then, a reformed Vaishnav enough money to take him and his wife and two sect of Hindus, the "Chaitanya Math" or Theistic little daughters to Puri, he set out from the great Vedantist society. It is this society that sends city to take up his new life as a Yogi by the sea- the Hindu Swamis over to America to delude gulli- shore. Three hundred miles southwest of Cal- ble men and women with a plausible philosophy cutta, by Puri's sacred bathing ghat where every of Krishna. They have sloughed off much of the year hundreds of thousands of weary, heart- more crass elements of Hinduism. They consider hungry, yet hopeless, pilgrims come to bathe and the Bhagavata, the book of books. They hold and seek release from the burden of sin, he took up teach many noble truths derived from this and his abode. other of their sacred books.

Life as a "Holy Man" Chakravarti, leaving home and family and sev- ering all connections with those who loved him, Hair uncut, finger nails left to grow as they soon became one of the leading workers of this would, body neglected, trying ever to subdue the society. With a band of disciples he would go material desires, he lived the life of a "holy" man. about over Bengal preaching and teaching in her To a visitor, the love India still has for her villages and cities, collecting funds for his soci- "holy men" is phenomenal. Poor, ignorant, ety and furthering the interests of his mission.

yearning, wistful, hungry India all but worships To be a devotee one must leave home and love only at the feet of these men who have seemingly sac- the world of men.

rificed everything and who have, in popular esti- Finally his society determined to send him to mate, gone so much farther along the way to America to preach reformed theistic Vedantism release from the inexorable wheel of rebirths and (as contrasted with the pantheistic Vedantism the hopelessness of human existence. Pilgrims preached by Vivekananda). Though Chakravarti visiting the popular bathing places feel it a part speaks English fairly well, he did not have suffi- of their pious exercises to give gifts to these men cient command of a specialized vocabulary to en- who have made the supreme self-renunciation. able him to throw Sanskrit scriptural terms into Chakravarti and his little family, following the English in public address. He therefore set him- bitter and exacting road of the Yogi, sometimes self to the reading religious books from the West.

had an abundance, while at other times they went He secured, along with other books, a copy of hungry. If devout pilgrims, coming to bathe in the New Testament and began to read it for idio- the waters of the Bay of Bengal at Puri, added to matic expressions of spiritual experiences. His

A BRAHMIN WHO SOUGHT PEACE

note book contains the first eleven verses of the an Indian, lest I be tempted to say that his relififth chapter of Matthew. He eagerly read books gious genius accounted for what I saw, but let borrowed from a missionary in Calcutta. me find this even in a foreigner."

Chakravarti had not dreamed it possible that In Bindaraban there lives a woman sent out there could be other books so sublime as his by one of the great Christian Mission Boards, who Bhagavata and his Gita. These had been the for years has been finding joy and rich reward in source to which he had always gone for spiritual loving, sacrificial service for India's women and food. He had been a most enthusiastic promul- children. Her reputation as a "holy" person had gator of their ethical and philosophical teachings, spread among the Hindus of her community. She trying all the while to put into practice what he was not concerned about that, but the reputation taught. But as he read this other book he found she had. Chakravarti had heard of her and deit strangely fascinating. The Gospel, like his cided to go and see her for himself; to see if own scriptures in certain of its teachings, was he could find that which he sought in a human yet very unlike them in other ways. Here he life. found One who had Himself found peace and who offered it to all. Here was a strange new world which he discovered and which was stirring him to the depths in an inexplicable way. It haunted him, left him restless and uncertain. Could it be that he was to find that priceless peace here? He must find out. He must waste no time for ways that fail to give.

His society now asked him to take charge of their great temple at .Bindaraban, the very center of theistic, not pantheistic, Hinduism. Here, on the banks of the Jumna River, thirty miles north of Agra-most of India's great rivers have many places held sacred as bathing places for the seeking, yearning throngs who month by month flock thither for ablutions, giving gifts to the Brahmin priests, seeking release from the burden of sinstaking charge of the temple, arranging for its administration and the daily duties of temple assistants, Chakravarti reserved for himself a little room where he might give himself to the protracted study upon which he was resolved.

When the Light Broke Day after day, often eighteen out of the twenty- MR. A. C. CHAKRAVARTI AND HIS WIFE four hours, he gave himself to a most exhaustive comparison of New Testament and Hindu scrip- With doubts in his mind he went. He had tures. Reading, meditating, trying to pray, puz- heard that she wore decent clothing, ate ordinary zling over it all, he went on from day to day until food, lived in a comfortable little house, even wore in the third week the light broke. As the glorious shoes on her feet. How could this be a holy permorning sun shines through the clouds, so at last son, and so utterly unlike the typical Hindu holy the darkness gave way and light flooded his soul. man or woman who tries to deny himself all such In Christ was God revealed. He says, "I had be- worldly things? He did not tell the missionary fore heard a voice saying, 'Come to me my child why he came. But he was much impressed by and I will give you rest,' but instead of coming her spirit. Busy as she was, pressed upon by to Him I went first in this direction and then in duties from every side, she took time to sympathat only to end up in utter disappointment." thetically answer his questions and talk with him. Now he said to himself, "If Christ is more than Something indefinable about her he could sense historically a character who walked the paths of though not describe. He went away to think and Galilee two thousand years ago, if He is more than a beautiful dream, He must be living and contemporary, able to prove Himself to every heart that will open to Him. Let me see in some human life Christ reincarnated, preferably not in

read and pray. Again and yet again he returned our house again. We do not want you to ever for an interview. She was being read like a book, darken our door, you renegade." He did not by one who has an uncanny ability to read men. reply, but he could say, "Here is where Christ At last he said within himself: "I have seen it. must prove Himself and will prove Himself to That woman has what I most want; that life, that me." He prayed for these who had turned against peace, that love and power for living, which must him and he expected a positive answer to his be in Christ and is incarnated in a human life if prayer. He is still a contemporary reality." In order that Chakravarti might fit himself for At last Chakravarti told her why he had been a life of service he was sent by friends to a semicoming and that he was now ready to declare nary in central India. A few months passed; to the world his new found faith. He had writ- then one day there came a 'letter from hi.s wife ten over the door of his heart, as he puts it, "Let in which she said, "If you will come to get me, Him who can come in here and take possession. I will come back to live with you." I am through with the old self-life." He prayed with child-like faith, "0 God, if there be a God, The attitude of many of India's men is still such prove Thyself to me now." On Christmas Day, that it is not safe for her women to travel alone. 1926, he received baptism, thus openly declaring With joyful yet trembling heart Chakravarti went to all his Hindu friends that he belonged utterly to get his wife, resolved that he would not violate and forever to Christ. in any way her personality. He said: "You are my wife and I love you, but you are also a Hindu Made an Outcaste woman. I want you to take no step just to please me. Be your own genuine self. Never become With this step, peace and joy came surging into a Christian just to please me. Bring with you Chakravarti's heart. In his own Bengali vernac- everything you wish-this chain of beads, mala, ular he expressed in song the thought of two much and these utensils of brass, everything which you Joved Christian songs, without knowing that they use in your morning and evening worship. If you .had ever been written: "I Heard the Voice of discover the source of joy and peace that I have Jesus Say" and "Just as I Am." He knew well found I shall be glad, but until then be your own what would be in store for him when his family self, a devout Hindu woman." She returned with and his friends learned that he had become a him. Though he persuaded her to begin the read- Christian. The time has not yet come in India ing of the Gospels he carefully refrained from when one may be an out and out Christian and hurrying her pace, for he said to himself, "If I yet be allowed to remain in a high caste Hindu have found the secret of peace, my life must rehome. Prominent friends in Bengal, the family veal it." at Dacca, his brother priests and disciples at Bindaraban would turn their backs upon him, out- Nine months passed. One day she surprised iCaste him, hate him. He would be called upon to her husband by saying: itread the way of suffering and loneliness. But thad he not suffered much to find peace, building "Do you think I have further need of this chain Ion a false hope? Could he not now rejoice in of beads, this mala which I have used for so long ;suffering for Christ, the source of his new found in saying prayers ?" peace ? No need to wait now for ten years to learn whether his hope was based on reality. Each "Why do you ask me," he replied. "It is yours day was distinctly better than the day before. and I can not tell you what to do with it. When Each day marked progress in realization. you came from Bengal to live with me again I did not ask you to get rid of it. You must de- His wife in Bengal thought it her religious duty cide." to tell him how she hated him for having brought disgrace and shame upon their family, their reli- A Christian Ashram for Pilgrims gion and their caste. To her letter, which deeply wounded him, he wrote, "I am asking my heav- This brave, wise answer was made possible by enly Father to speak to your heart. He can and his unshakable, simple faith that Christ was provwill. When He does, all I ask is that you try to ing Himself each day. He knew that something listen. He has made Himself real to me and is was going· on in his wife's heart. He was not proving Himself day by day." surprised to discover a few days later that the mala had been thrown away. She too had made There -was no arguing, no defense, just this the great discovery and was ready to take her patient, loving reply to one who was on her side place by his side as a happy, convinced Christian. deeply wounded. The son-in-law, who wrote from Calcutta, "Don't ever show your face around When their years of study, growth, and prepa- ration for richer service at J ubbulpore were com- pleted, the question came, Where shall we plant our lives and share with others what we have found? The Bishop of the Methodist church

1932j A BRAHMIN WHO SOUGHT PEACE

'asked them to come to Calcutta to take charge of and finding. Former friends, who had turned a flourishing church. But another call was sum- against him, now welcome Chakravarti to their moning them back to a little house by the side homes and as disciples sitting at his Master's feet of the road in Bindaraban where they might be ask, "How did He open your eyes? Tell us that friends and helpers to pilgrims along the way. we too may find. What have you found in your Here was a wonderful place to fish when one was new religion that you did not find in your old sa- fishing for men. Men and women, with such need cred Hinduism?"

as only those may know who have themselves ex- To all he says, "I can not tell you what I have perienced it, are coming constantly to Bindaraban found. But I can tell you that you too can find.

as a place of sacred pilgrimage. Turning their Write over the door of your heart, and mean it faces away from a position that promised good utterly, "Let Him who can give peace come in salary, distinction and comforts, Chakravarti and here and take possession." Then see who re- his wife soon found themselves established in sponds to your invitation. See if Krishna or their little ashram, beginning a life which is prov- Buddha can meet your need. There is One who ing to be one of increasing usefulness and joy. has responded to me and has proven Himself over Here they are helping man after man, woman and over again. I call Him Christ. You learn after woman, to find God in Christ, and by find- the taste of a mangoe by eating one. Taste and ing Him to find peace. see, and then one word will be enough from me."

The story of their life and service is still being The Ashram of Chakravarti, by its unique suc- written. Scarcely six chapters are completed, if cess, has begun to stir up opposition among the each year be called a chapter, since that day when Hindu priests at Bindaraban. The orthodox con- .

Chakravarti stepped out into the light. Has servative groups have been pressing the landlord Christ proven Himself? After a five years' si- to drive Chakravarti out of the present Ashram lence that son-in-law, who so violently expressed house which is amidst temples in the very heart his helpless rage, wrote again, "I have everything of the place. A legal notice has already been that the world can give. I am at the head of my served and proceedings instituted. His word to profession as a doctor; I have money, houses, all his friends in America is: "The work is Christ's, that I need, but my heart is weary and I have not that of any particular mission. Are there not found peace. Can you help me to find God?" Christians who can build an Ashram house here '!Yes," was the reply, "if you will come to the and thus hold up Christ in Bindaraban? I believe ashram at Bindaraban I believe we can help you there are. Christ will find them out and inspire to find God." them. Let me see what He does for His own He came and spent six months there seeking work here."

The Miracle of Indian Missions An illustration of the miracle of Indian missions is found in the story of the brave and devoted missionaries who ventured out to that hostile country during the first thirty years of the nineteenth century. Henry Martyn, a century ago, with mingled discouragement and yearning, declared that "to see one Hindu a real believer in Jesus would be something more nearly approaching the resurrection of a dead body than anything he had ever seen." The Abbe Du Bois, after a life-time of devotion, mourned that he had never seen one genuine convert. Looking back upon the great awakenings, and measuring the silent but sure interpenetration of India by Christian ideals, watching the indirect influence of the missionaries upon India's own reformers from Ram Mohan Roy to Mahatma Gandhi makes us marvel at the patience and the faith of men who toiled on through the darkness of those early days.

Could these men come back today and see the haughty Brahmin who has been led to Christ kneeling beside the despised Pariah, together partaking of the Communion Cup; could they listen to the record of the Travancore Mission, or hear the verdict of the centuries, what would they say? In India the Kingdom 'of God has come "without observation." The practical Christian of the West, in a hurry to "evangelize the world in a single generation," would do well to remember the lines of Kipling about the man "Who tried to hustle the East."

-Dynanodaya.

Conquering Christ in

By the REV. SAMUEL GUY INMAN, D. D., New York Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America SOUTH AMERICA is the only continent that system. He distributed 400 copies of the Scrip- has so honored Christ as to erect a statue to tures during his first year in Argentina and en- Him. The world famous "Christ of the rolled 5,000 children in his schools. Argentina Andes," placed on the mountainous fastness be- was so impressed with his work that it conferred tween Chile and Argentina, commemorates the honorary citizenship upon him. In Chile and settlement by peace of their long standing bound- Peru he likewise had wonderful success and was ary question. Columbus on writing to King Fer- received most cordially by the leaders of the new dinand said, "In all of the countries visited by governments which had just secured their free- your Highnesses' ships I have caused a high cross dom from Spain. In Colombia he organized a to be fixed upon every headland." Balboa on dis- Bible Society in which leading evangelists and covering the Pacific, "looked toward the sun, saw government officials participated.

the sea and fell down on his knees and praised God who had granted him such a wonderful Not Interlopers sight." Evangelical missionaries are not interlopers in It is true that these early conquistadores often South America as some have indicated; in prac- treated the Indians in any but a Christian way, tically every country they have been invited by so that a Cuban chief, who was about to be burned government officials and leading citizens. In at the stake in 1511, asked his father confessor, 1888 President" Sarmiento, whom many regard as "Will there be Christians in Heaven ?" When the the greatest of modern South Americans, asked confessor assured him that there would be, Chief Dr. Goodnow of the American Methodist mission Hatney replied, "Then I will not confess because to secure a number of teachers to inaugurate nor- I have no desire to go where they are." It is mal schools and kindergartens in Argentina. As true that homage to Christ in South America has a result a dozen North American teachers had the too often been divorced from His emphasis on privilege of inaugurating a modern educational ethics and liberty; the symbol of His cross has too system in Argentina. A few years later the gov- often meant blind ecclesiastical obedience rather ernment of Ecuador invited the Methodist mis- than real sacrifice for the salvation of the people. sionaries to take charge of public education of Henry Martyn on arriving at the City of Bahia that country and to organize a modern educational in 1804, on his way to Persia, was so struck by system. One of the leading citizens of Colombia the immense number of ecclesiastical buildings in the early sixties invited the Presbyterian Board and the profligacy of the clergy that he exclaimed, to send missionaries to that land.

"Crosses there are in abundance, but who will In 1871 a group of Paraguayan gentlemen sent preach the true doctrine of the Cross?" On the an urgent invitation to evangelical missionaries other hand Padre de las Casas, who worked in Argentina to open a school and church in Asun- against the enslavement of the Indians, was one cion, promising a valuable property for such de- of the most brilliant reformers of all times. His velopment. The Methodists were not able to ac- enemies tried in every way to stop his work, cept and later asked the Disciples of Christ to which they claimed, as the enemy of modern take up work for the evangelical cause in Para- prophets often do, was destroying the economic guay. The President of Paraguay and many of development of the new continent. But the the leading citizens were eager for the Disciples Padre's fighting spirit continued unimpaired until to open their work in the City of Asuncion. From he died July, 1556, at the ripe age of ninety-two. the beginning of the establishment of the work in One of the first Protestant missionaries to Paraguay the leading citizens have been most cor- South America was James Thompson, who in 1820 dial. At the dedication of the new buildings of began a remarkable trip around the continent as the Colegio Internacional the President of the agent of the British and Foreign Bible Society Republic, the Minister of Education and the lead- and as a representative of the Lancastarian school ing educators of the capital were present. The [588 ] Minister of Education recently gave a lecture in than in the youth of Catholic blood who embraces atheism the new auditorium urging the necessity for put- with the furor of a Roman gladiator. Sooner or later, in ting religion at the base of all progress. This an hour of travail, the two branches of the faith of Christ is one of a series of lectures on religious and moral will come to understand that their fighting one another is the greatest misfortune for all the peoples of Spanish questions that have been inaugurated in the new America.

building. It is not too much to say that the open- Santiago College, the school for girls in Chile, ing of the Colegio Internacional has been the most recently celebrated its fiftieth anniversary by lay..: outstanding event in the City of Asuncion during ing the corner stone for a new building. There the last year. All Paraguay looks with pride to were present the President of the Republic, the the developments of this institution. American Minister and a most distinguished The athletic program carried out both in Cole- group, including representatives of twenty-seven gio Internacional and Colegio Americano is at- classes in the institute. This college has educated tracting very wide attention as a promoter of in- many daughters of presidents, ministers and ternational friendship and as a developer of moral other distinguished Chileans and has furnished stamina and the principle of good sportsmanship a large number of teachers for that Republic. It in every department of life. Parents are deeply was founded as a school for American children impressed with the interest that missionary teach- but soon the distinguished families of Chile asked ers take in the moral and spiritual problems of that their daughters become students. One of their children. Public education in South Amer- these earlier graduates is now married to a lead- ica has gone to the extreme in secularization and ing business man of New York City, has contrib- often in universities and even in primary and sec- uted $150,000 for this school, and is giving prac- ond~ry schools animosity toward religion is deeply tically all of her time to its advancement. The inculcated. former editor of the Pan-American Bulletin re- Testimony of a Chilean POet signed that work to become the Secretary of the school, believing that thus she can give the largest Gabriela Mistral, the Chilean poet, who is prob- service to bringing together North and South ably the most widely read Latin-American writer Americans. of today, said recently: These schools really assist the conquest of In Chile there are many schools where the Lord's South America by Christ as well as contribute to Prayer is no longer heard. One night I found myself the general cause of education and better underwithout lodging in a southern city of our country and a standing. A thousand illustrations could be North American teacher took me to her home, a North given to show how deeply these schools impress American school. I accepted because of necessity, but the teachings of Jesus Christ upon the lives of with a questioning conscience. Did I have the right to partake of her table without partaking of her creed? The the students. following day, after breakfast, which was blessed with Former President Alessandri of Chile told us beautiful words revealing inward faith, I was invited to common prayer with the pupils. I entered the room with the story of meeting his little niece, whom he had hesitation. The Bible was given me to select the reading not seen for some time, and asking her how she for the day. I chose a psalm of David, the common ex- was getting along. He received such an enthusi- pression of faith. I read it, followed by the students, with astic reply that he inquired further. The little an emotion I have seldom experienced. There was the girl said: joy of being in a school where it is possible to study every day the Holy Book, where atheistic effrontery was not able "Oh, you ought to know my teacher in Santiago to cast out the author of Grace, who is superior to all College. She talks so beautifully and reads to us knowledge. Some day this example will be a revelation from such a wonderful book and then we all pray for my brethren in the faith, the Catholics. They will see together that God will help us to practice what that the materialistic movement is so great that now they this book teaches. Uncle, do you know I think have no closer brethren than those Protestants with whom it would do you good to read that book. Won't they are able to unite in the common struggle for Christ.

. . . The United States has in our country the unhappy you promise me to read it?" luck of being interpreted as utilitarian, as a work-shop, and not as a religious field, which it was, is and will con- The President made the promise if his niece tinue to be. would bring him a copy. The day he received it had been filled with the many struggles in the Continuing she speaks a word much needed both midst of which Chile's executives have been by Catholics and Protestants as to the necessity plunged the last few years. He forgot about his of ceasing mutual recriminations and endeavor- promise until he had retired. It suddenly came ing to center on Christ Himself: to him that his niece would be around the next The materialistic current in our countries is enormous. day and inquire· as to whether he had fulfilled his It counts as adepts the great majority of the educators word. He snapped on the light, took the little of our youth. Our Church should remember its essential Testament from his vest pocket and lay down to unity of interest with Protestantism and consider that it read. "Literally," said President Alessandri, "a loses infinitely less in the free-thinker who is evangelized

balm of healing was poured upon my weary spirit. half of these twenty nations have declared in For more than an hour I read the wonderful favor of constitutional separation of the Church words of Christ and every day since then I have and State, and others have granted equal rights read a part of that book." to all faiths.

The Evangelicals have been responsible for in- There is a new demonstration of interest in the troducing into South America many kinds of so- spiritual life given by many leaders in these cial movements. Dr. H. C. Tucker, who for forty southern lands. As the Minister of Education of years has been the agent of the American Bible Argentina expressed it: "Strange movements and Society in Brazil, was walking along the street awakenings are being felt among us. Men not one day and saw some old discarded rails where in the ministry of any church are beginning to the street railway repairs were being made. He write about Christ. There are signs that a need asked the superintendent of the road if he could is being felt and confessed and men are seeking use these in the development of some playground to have that need satisfied in the Divine."

material. The whole thing was so amusing that The present movement in the southern conti- when the mayor of the city heard about it there nent toward the integration of evangelical effort was a development which brought real playground on a basis of well-considered territorial division equipment from the United States, the first ever is due in large measure to the leadership and known in Brazil. In Uruguay the Secretary of counsel of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin the Y. M. C. A. introduced the playground idea America. The function of the Committee, cre- which has developed until Montevideo has a mar- ated by the Panama Congress, is purely advisory.

velous system of playgrounds. Composed of representatives of some thirty Mis- The evangelical movement has not neglected the sion Boards supporting Christian work in most of direct work of taking the message of Christ to the Latin republics, it has given constructive at- individuals and organizing converts into churches; tention to the whole problem of an effective dis- In Chile the first evangelical missionary began his tribution and correlation of Christian agencies work in 1845 under the auspices of the American and activities over the vast area with which it is Foreign Christian Mission. The Methodists concerned. Evidences are abundant that its serv- began work in Chile and Peru in 1877 under ices have been welcomed by Latin-American lead- Bishop Taylor. Permanent work in .spanish, in ers and churches. Elected and sustained by the Argentina and Uruguay, was established by the organizations it represents it has no ecclesiastical American Methodists about sixty years ago. control in missionary affairs, but its cooperative The first missionaries entered Brazil in 1859. influence is indicated by the statement that it has Today Brazil has its own Independent Presbyte- helped to effectuate in Latin America such appli- rian Church, with its general assembly, and its . cation of missionary statesmanship as may well own Independent Methodist Church that elects its attract the attention of the Christian world.

bishop and conducts entirely its own affairs. The many-sided evangelical movement operates under Faith That Will Not Shrink so many different conditions in various countries The fortitude, courage and patience of the and over such vast territory that results are often Chinese Christians should challenge our attention unseen and pervasive rather than concrete and and restore our confidence in the work of the misvisible. Nevertheless, it would be interesting to sionaries and their associates. Only God knows cite some of the statistics that were gathered to the sacrifices, sufferings and sorrows that are recompare the strength of the evangelical forces quired of those who call themselves followers of when the first Latin-American evangelical con- Christ in China. gress was held in 1916 at Panama and the second All the opposition does not seem able to scare men off. conference in Montevideo in 1925. The worst they can do is to kill and non-Christians get Another important effect of the evangelical killed just as readily. The heart seeks peace, and they movement is its contribution to civil rights and find it in Christ. So the government can legislate but religious liberty in South America. Fifty years people still turn to Christ. The Russian Government said ago not one of these republics had written liberty "As soon as we down capitalism the Church will vanish." Since this was not the natural consequence they began of worship into its constitution; the cemeteries to persecute in their indirect way, and would not punish were open only to those who had died in the faith those who persecuted the Christians. of the Roman Catholic Apostolic Church, and the Let us thank God that Chinese Christians are marriage rite could be performed only by a priest ready to follow the path Christ trod to Calvary. of that communion: Even evangelical workers, This is the way we must go if we would own His marrying on the field, were obliged to have their cause, and become more than conquerors through union blessed by some friendly priest in order Him, who loved us and gave Himself for us.

that their marriage might be legal. Today nearly A .. R. BARTHOLOMEW in Outlook of Missions.

Religion-by Evolution or

Revelation* ..:{ A Review by the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D. ): ..

Professor of the History of Religion and Christian Missions, Princeton Theological Seminary A N unaccountable omission from the pro- to the evolutionary hypothesis as the sole key to ~ gram of the Jerusalem Meeting of the the history of religion. Among them we may International Missionary Council in 1928 men t ion the late Archbishop SOderblom of was the consideration of primitive beliefs and the Sweden, Alfred Bertholet and Edward Lehman, presentation of the Gospel to so-called animistic Alfred Blum-Ernst, Le Roy, Albert C. Kruijt, but pagans. A careful and sympathetic study of the especially P. Wilhelm Schmidt, founder of the anreligions of these· primitive peoples discloses thropological review Anthropos and Professor of "spiritual values," in some respects superior to Ethnology and Philology in the University of Vi- those found in the ethnic religions, and brings us enna. The exhaustive work of this Roman Cath- face to face with the question of the origin of olic savant on the Origin of the Idea of God, Der belief in God. Ursprung der Gottesidee, is to be completed in Until recently the evolutionary hypothesis four volumes. In the three which have already seems to have had the right of way in every de- appeared, he weighs in the balance the various partment of science and religion. The first mod- theories of Lubbock, Spencer, Tylor, Andrew ern writer to emphasize the fact that monothe- Lang, Frazer, and others, and finds them all want- istic ideas were found among primitive races and ing. The idea of God, he concludes, did not come must be taken into account was Andrew Lang in by evolution but by revelation. his book, "The Making of Religion." In 1924 Redan delivered an address before the Jewish Anthropology and ethnology are also swinging Historical Society on Monotheism among primi- away from the old evolutionary concept as re- tive peoples, in which he rejected the evolution- gards primitive races. Dr. R.obert H. Lowie of ary hypothesis. the American Museum of Natural History; in his recent important study on Primitive Society, says, "Most of us," said he, "have been brought up "The time has come for eschewing the all-embrac- in or influenced by the tenets of orthodox ethnol- ing and baseless theories of yore and to settle ogy and this was largely an enthusiastic and quite down to sober historical research. The Africans uncritical attempt to apply the Darwinian theory did not pass from a Stone Age to an Age of Cop- of evolution to the facts of social experience. per and Bronze and then to an Iron Age " . . Many ethnologists, sociologists, and psychologists they passed directly from stone tools to the manu- still persist in this endeavor. No progress will facture of iron tools." (13th Edition N. Y., pp. :ever be achieved, however, until scholars rid 436, 437.) He concludes "that neither morpho- themselves, once and for all, of the curious notion logically nor dynamically can social life be said to that everything possesses an evolutionary history; have progressed from a stage of savagery to a until they realize that certain ideas and certain stage of enlightenment." concepts are as ultimate for man as a social being as specific physiological reactions are for him The American public is to be congratulated that as a biological entity."t the exhaustive work of Wilhelm Schmidt has now appeared in an abbreviated form, and translated It is encouraging to note that the tide has from the original German, is available as a study turned and that we have, especially on the Euro- textbook on the History of Religion. Whatever pean Continent, outstanding scholars in this field may be the reaction of students of anthropology who hold fast to supernaturalism and are opposed to a doctrine alien to the tradition still prevailing among many scholars, it will do no harm to face • The OrigWt and Growth of Religion: Facts and Theories. By the arguments here presented with such force and W. Schmidt. Translated by H. J. Rose. The Dial Press, N. Y., 1931. apparently so well documented. The London Pp. 297. $4.00. Times Literary Supplement, in reviewing the book t Primitive Man as Philosopher-po 373.

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at considerable length, does so under the title, itive culture is really the god of a monotheism, "Evolution or Eden." It is inevitable that Dr. and that the religion which includes him is genu- Schmidt divides investigators of the history of re- inely monotheistic-this is the position which is ligion into two classes-the believing and the un- . most attacked by a number of authors. To this believing. By the latter he means those scholars attack we may reply that there is a sufficient num- who have themselves repudiated all faith in the ber of tribes among whom the really monothe- supernatural, and "will talk of religion as a blind istic character of their SU,preme Being is clear man might of colors or one totally devoid of hear- even to a cursory examination. This is true of ing, of a beautiful musical composition." the Supreme Being of most Pygmy tribes, so far The work before us is divided into five parts: as we know them; also of the Tierra del Fuegians, The introduction deals with the nature, aim, and the primitive Bushmen, the Kurnai, Kulin and methods of comparative study of religion and the Yuin of Southeast Australia, the peoples of the history of the subject. Part Two sketches the Arctic culture, except the Koryaks, and well-nigh theories that were in vogue during the nineteenth all the primitives of North America."

century; namely, those that found the origin of Again, in massing the evidence for the charac- religion in Nature-Myths, Fetishism, Manism or ter of this Supreme Being, he says, "The name Ghost-Worship and Animism. Part Three deals 'father' is applied to the Supreme Being in every with the twentieth century, and sketches the Pan- single area of the primitive culture when he is ad- Babylonian theory, Totemism, Magianism and Dy- dressed or appealed to. It seems, therefore, that namism. In every case Dr. Schmidt gives an ex- we may consider it primeval and proper to the position of these various theories and a refuta- oldest primitive culture. We find it in the form tion of them based upon more accurate data from 'father' simply, also in the individual form ('my later investigations. father') and the collective ('our father'). So far, Belief in the Supreme God this name has not been discovered among the Cen- tral African Pygmies, but it exists among the In Part Four we have an account of the su- Bushmen and the Mountain Dama. It is lacking preme Sky-God whose existence was posited by also among the Andamanese and the Philippine Andrew Lang and others. It appears that during Negritos, but is found, although not commonly, the twentieth century there was a progressive rec- among the Semang. Among the Samoyeds we ognition of the primitive high God by European find the formula 'my Num-father,' i. e., sky-father.

and American students of ethnology and religion. In North Central California, the name occurs This protest against the evolutionary theory ap- among the Pomo and the Patwin; all three forms plies not only to the religion of primitives, but to of it are widely distributed among the Algonkins.

those who find the same development in the re- It is also widely current among the two oldest ligion of the Old Testament. Dr. Israel Rabin Tierra del Fuegian tribes, the Yamana and the has recently published an important treatise in Halakwulup, who use the form 'my father.'

which he enters an energetic protest against the Among all the tribes of Southeast Australia it is view that monotheism was a later development in in common use, in the form 'our father.' There Israel, and that it was preceded by henotheism, it is the oldest name of all, and even the women pol y the ism, and polydaemonism. "Not only and children know it; the oldest of the tribes, the Moses," he says, "but the patriarchs were already Kurnai, have no other name for Him. There is monotheists. The covenant idea is as old as Abra- no doubt possible that the name 'father' is intend- ham, and the covenant at Sinai is history, not fic- ed in this connection to denote, not physiological tion. The God of Sinai is no more mountain-god paternity (save in cases where the figures of the or local Kenite god. Monotheism is not the result Supreme Being and of the First Father have of an evolutionary process, it rests upon revela- coalesced), but an attitude of the greatest rever- tion and existed from the beginning of Israel's ence, of tender affection and steadfast trust on history as portrayed in Genesis; there is no bridge the part of man towards his god."

from polytheism to monotheism." The evidence for these astonishing statements Dr. Schmidt follows the historical method, and is abundantly given in the larger four-volume traces the belief in a supreme God across wide work, to which we have already referred. Not areas where primitive culture prevails, for ex- evolution, but deterioration, is found in the his- ample, among the Pygmies of Africa, the Indians tory of religion among primitive tribes and the of North America, and certain tribes in Australia. higher cultures that followed after their migra- The last chapter of this epoch-making book is en- tion. As Dr. Schmidt expresses it in the conclud- titled, "The Origin and History of the Primitive ing paragraphs of this most interesting volume: High God," in which we have the summary of the Thereafter, as external civilization increased in splendor argument. "That the Supreme Being of the prim- and wealth, so religion came to be expressed in forms of

RELIGION-BY EVOLUTION OR BY REVELATION

ever increasing magnificence and opulence. Images of by a number of German missionaries under the gods and daimones multiplied to an extent which defies all direction of Dr. Heinrich Frick of Marburg. In cLassification. Wealthy temples, shrines and groves arose; a recent number of "Africa," a journal of the more priests and servants, more s.acrifices and ceremonies International Institute of African languages and were instituted. But all this cannot blind us to the fact cultures (July, 1931) London, Professor Dr. K. T. that despite the glory and wealth of the outward form, Preuss of the University of Berlin, has a striking the inner kernel of religion often disappeared and its article on the conceptions of a Supreme Deity essential strength was weakened. The results of this, among primitive peoples, and his conclusions corboth moral and social, were anything but desirable, read- roborate those of Dr. Schmidt. ing to extreme degradation and even to the deification of the immoral and anti-social. The principal cause of this The evolution hypothesis in religion has been corruption was that the figure of the Supreme Being w,as overworked, and has seriously embarrassed stusinking further and further into the background, hidden dents of religion who have grappled with the beneath the impenetrable phalanx of the thousand new problem of sin, its universality, and the universalgods and daimones. ity of its correlate, namely, conscience that is a sense of sin as a subjective reality. In the history But all the while, the ancient primitive religion still of religion, and in the study of the origin of the continued among the few remainders of the primitive cul- idea of God, we may no longer neglect the early ture, preserved by fragmentary peoples driven into the chapters of Genesis and the statement of the most distant regions. Yet in their condition of stagna- Apostle Paul in the first chapter of his epistle to tion, poverty ,and insignificance, even there it must nec- the Romans. Revelation, and not evolution, is the essarily have lost much of its power and greatness, so key to the origin of the idea of God and of prayer that even among such peoples it is much too late to find· and of sacrifice. a true image of the faith of really primitive men.

It is of deep interest to note, in conclusion, that the question of primitive monotheism raised by Dr. Schmidt is now being carefully investigated One Hundred Dollars for Flow-ers-But By Robert E. Speer* The Rev. William Sidebotham, who died in Bay and Mrs. Sidebotham have made all their lives in City, Michigan, on February 6, 1931, was for over their children and in their prayers which, under half a century a most faithful, self-sacrificing and God, give to the missionary cause its glory and devoted Presbyterian minister. He had five chil- bring down upon it the blessing of Him who loved dren, and although he never lived where there was us and gave Himself for us. a high school until all of the children had passed high school age, everyone of them went to col- Now Mr. Sidebotham himself has passed on, and lege. Three sons became Presbyterian ministers; shortly after his death his daughter, Miss Emily one daughter a successful home missionary teach- Sidebotham, wrote to the Board in part as follows: er, and the other a public school teacher. One of the sons went as a missionary to Korea. When we opened my father's will we found a sheet of instructions. Among them was the following: When Mrs. Sidebotham died in 1929 her husband wrote to the Board of Foreign Missions: "After my funeral expenses are all paid, take $100 for flowers. Do not buy flowers, but send it to Dr. Speer, My wonderful wife died last night. The funeral ar- asking him to see that it is used for work in Korea in rangements are all made. For some years the money to memory of my son Richard." cover expense of funeral has been ready. Many times she has said: "Don't spend a cent for flowers when I die. So I am enclosing a check for that amount. I am glad Give it to Foreign Missions." Accordingly I enclose $100 father was able to do this, and that he commissioned me from her for the field in Taiku, in memory of our son. to carry out this wish. She has often wished she was rich, but never that she might have a better wardrobe, etc., but that she might During the last eight and a half years that I have been help the poor and help foreign missions. My salary was at home caring for my parents, I have realized how dear never more than $700 and manse (often less) till I was the work of His Kingdom was to their hearts. I have apsixty-four; never more than $800 and manse till I was preciated more than ever before the sacrifices they made over seventy, in 1918, never more than $1,200 and manse in their earlier years, that we might be educated, and I till I retired, and began to get $50 a month from the Board have come to understand a little more fully the joy they of Relief. Yet she uncomplainingly gave her children and had when we all entered Christian work. I feel as though rejoiced in our tithing until the end. I am, we had been left a great heritage, something that will be an inspiration to us all our lives. Your brother in the work, (Signed) WILLIAM SIDEBOTHAM. These letters illustrate the true basis on which the missionary enterprise rests, first, in the pur- It is such a gift as this and such gifts as Mr. pose of God with regard to His only Son, the Saviour of the world, and, second, in the pure love • Condensed from The Presbyteriwn. and sacrifice due to Christian spirit in such true and simple lives as this.

A BIBLE STUDY CLASS AT THE RHODA ROBLEE BARKER BOYS' SCHOOL AT HOPO, SOUTH CHINA What the "Man of Hopo" Thinks of the Christian Church T HE views of the "Average Man of Hopo" in is growing and meeting the needs of new condi- regard to the Christian Church are given in tions. As education has widened women's sphere, Missions by Arthur S. Adams, an American the Church has met the enlarged situation. Chi- Baptist Missionary in South China. nese say: "If the Jesus religion will do so much for the foreign wife and mother, it is worth trying Thirty years ago the Chinese soldiers tried to for Chinese women." The Mission hospital also prevent the Baptist Mission from building a has proved a blessing, which "Mr. Average Man Christian church in Hopo. The church won the of Hopo" can recognize. case, however, and the building was erected. It became popular both a3 a church and as a day Third-Because the Church shows power to school. In the meantime the military post which change broken and wrecked lives, to reclaim and opposed the building was abolished and the yamen remold them into something fine and good. An was sold. example is found in Mr. Liu, a scholar but an opium smoker, who had fallen so low that his Later when the church school outgrew its quar- wife turned him out. He was reclaimed by the ters the use of a Confucian temple was granted to mission and joined the church. Then his wife carry forward the work. Thus the missionary also came and said, "I can't come to church much, became guardian of the images. When the new but the Jesus religion has made my husband over, Rhoda Roblee Barker School was built, the temple so that I too want to join and be baptized with was returned in good condition to the Confucian him." This couple was not satisfied to keep to elders. These caretakers were less careful of the themselves what they had found in Christ. Three property and today it is a wreck. months later they had brought together their neighbors and had raised money to build a chapel Why is "Mr. Average Man of Hopo" impressed in their own village. with the Christian Church? asks Mr. Adams. The answers may be summarized as follows: Today Hopo Church has an ordained Chinese pastor and the people are making vigorous efforts First-Because the Church of Christ stands un- to put over the five-year evangelistic program. changing in the midst of change. The yamen and Good results are already reported. No wonder temple are gone, but the Church abides. "Mr. Average Man of Hopo" believes in the Chris- tian Church! Second-Because the Church changes in the midst of change. She is alive and not dead. She

A Pastor's

By the REV. FRANCIS SHUNK DOWNS, D. D.

Pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, Berkeley, California I s there any greater opportunity? A pastor month. If one cannot purchase sufficient books, holds his divine commission from the Mission- he can make regular visits to the town library. ary of the Ages. He specializes in the great- "Reading maketh a full man," Bacon declared, est missionary Textbook of all time. His parish and a wiser than he said: "Out of the abundance is not merely what he sees at some crossroads or of the heart (and mind) the mouth speaketh."

in some metropolitan center-it is the world. Personal contacts can also be made with mis- The opportunity is inescapable. His call to be sionaries today, if there is a will to prompt it.

a minister inevitably made him a missionary to Fellowship with these missionary spirits, whether all men. He is ordained an ambassador to the , in a church or at conferences, by correspondence whole world. His orders are clear, and he ful- or through first-hand friendships help a pastor fils his ministry only as he obeys them. mightily to keep fit for missionary leadership.

It is a privileged opportunity. Who would not The pastor who hungers and thirsts after mis- covet the privilege of walking with the Son of sionary food shall be filled. The pastor who takes God into the hearts of men? Who would not to his heart the whole world of God's needy chil- thrill to a place of service and leadership in the dren will somehow obtain the equipment that will Kingdom that embraces every race and that en- fit him for missionary leadership in his world compasses time and eternity? Who would not parish.

pour out his life for a Leader and a Cause that brings blessing to every life and to all of life? 2. To Train the Officers and Leaders.

1. To Equip Himself for Leadership. Blessed is the pastor whose elders, stewards'or deacons are missionary-minded. Some are and Many pastors must do this after they leave the theological seminary. But more and more the some are not. Some official boards are instruseminaries are recognizing their obligation, not ments for bringing the world to Jesus Christ. only to inform their students in the fields of mis- Others would keep Jesus Christ imprisoned in the sionary history, biography and comparative re- little world in which they live. ligion, but to give them the spiritual and practical equipment which enables a pastor to exercise wise A pastor has a wonderful missionary opportuand liberating missionary leadership to the church nity with his comrades of the official boards of which he serves. his church. He largely holds the key to their missionary sympathy and cooperation. A pastor The responsibility for a worth-while missionary whose heart is on fire for the evangelization of equipment, however, rests primarily on the pas- the world, whose head is level and equipped with tor himself. It begins in his heart, in the secret facts, whose will is girded to the purpose of Christ place where God and he commune alone. Not and the central program of the Christian Church only must a minister be sure of God's call but he and whose heart is warm with love for his commust clearly discern its missionary implications. rades and his church, can do unbelievable things Time and again he must go apart alone, see anew with ninety-nine per cent of his church officers. the vision splendid, hear again the unmistakable command to "go into all the world," and must One pastor in a small church, whose Session dedicate himself unreservedly to the world field felt that the church could give little or nothing and the world task. If the pastor regularly re- to missions and that even the little must be raised news his strength and refreshes his spirit at this through "fairs and bazaars," persuaded those men point, the battle will be more than half won. from the Word of God that they could support a missionary and through free-will offerings. As He should read the best missionary literature one of the elders put it: "It will ruin us, but the available. This means both old and new books. Bible tell us to, and we will be loyal, to our It certainly means at least one outstanding mis- Saviour." He'lived to see the plan succeed and sionary periodical coming to his study each learned from experience that God's way was the best way.

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One Session takes a half-hour of its stated under the pastor's wise guidance should find ex- meeting each month to study the work of the pression in a larger giving of the church's life church and the Kingdom and to unite in prayer with the whole world.

for specific objects and needs at home and abroad. Is it strange that those officers are all missionary- 4. To Release the Financial Resources.

minded and active missionary leaders? In days of financial stress, when there is much When a pastor trains his officers in missionary unemployment and a reduction in incomes, does leadership what a joy it is to see the missionary the pastor of the average church have a mission- policies and program of his church develop as the ary opportunity in the release of the financial re- product of their mutual labors and prayers. sources of his congregation?

3. To Educate His People. He does, because the principles of Christian stewardship are as binding and as applicable in John R. Mott once said: "To enable Christians times of financial depression as in times of pros- to realize the need of the world, missionary edu- perity. A faithful recognition and practice of cation is necessary. If the world's need is to be Christian stewardship, as applied to our money, met, Christians must know the need and be led to whether little or much, will release sufficient will to meet that need." funds for the missionary enterprise, will make People are most interested in that about which for adequate support at home, and will give God they know most. If there is little interest, it is the chance to open the windows of heaven and usually because there is little knowledge. We go pour out upon us such a blessing as there shall as we glow and we glow as we know. Was it not not be room enough to receive it.

Emerson who said that every great achievement The pastor must give the leadership that will in life is the result of some great enthusiasm? spiritualize the budgets of the church, that will Enthusiasm is generated when a personality put all giving of money by Christians on a spirit- strikes fire with irresistible facts. ual plane, that will call forth funds for real mis- The pastor's sermons should give his people a sionary needs and specific objects, that will cause vision of the world and their responsibility to the members of his church not only on Every meet its needs. Four or five missionary sermons Member Canvass Day but throughout the year to rooted in the Word of God and fruited with the hear the call of struggling men, the appeal of achievements of a marching Christ, should be crushed women, the cry of little children, and that given each year. Each Sunday, whatever the having taken from the Lord all that He offers subject of the sermon, a missionary illustration gives back to Him all that He asks.

can be used to advantage. The missionary spirit One pastor, before his church became self-sup- and the missionary thought will crop out in a porting, led it to give regularly to all benevolences missionary pastor, whatever the topic may be. of the church. Within three years after the I know a pastor who at the time of the "announce- founding of that church, by an act of great faith ments" gives five minutes each Sunday to the pres- and through tithing, that small congregation of entation of mission work in a different country. wage-earning people took on the full support of Missions in the Sunday School should have its a missionary to Africa. Another church, after place regularly in the worship program. A letter several successful Schools of Missions under the from the field well read, a little play, a brief talk pastor's leadership, took the entire support of by a missionary or by one who has visited the field two missionaries. In a third church sixteen quickens interest. There is no substitute, how- classes in a Sunday School took sixteen shares of ever, for persuading each teacher in teaching of financial support in sixteen mission fields in six- the Bible lesson for the day to bring out the mis- teen different countries. In this way not only sionary thought that is there and to apply it by was the giving of the boys and girls stimulated, some fresh and telling missionary illustration that but their imaginations were stirred and their spir- a boy or girl will never forget. itual responsibility was awakened.

Missionary education should have its place in It is true that today some must reduce their every organization of men, women, and young glvmg. But frankly, many could increase their people. We cannot discuss here the possibilities giving, not only because of the money with which in these fields. Every year a period of four to God has put them in trust, but because for the six weeks should be given to intensive mission- first time they yield themselves to the Lord and ary education through a church-wide School of begin actually to practice giving in a Christian Missions. Properly planned this will reach a big way. Some so-called large givers in the church cross-section of the men, women and young peo- are truly small givers, for they fail to give pro- ple of a congregation. The new knowledge and portionately. Some so-called little gifts are big interest gained through missionary education in God's sight and go far. "All dollars are not

A PASTOR'S OPPORTUNITY

alike." As long as the average church member influence. On the wall of the meeting room of gives only a few cents a week to make Jesus the Calvin Club, the Christian Endeavor Society Christ known to the world, the pastor of the aver- of the church for students of the University of age church, even in times like these, has a real California, there hangs a large missionary map missionary opportunity challenging him to release of the world. Lines stretch out from the First the financial resources of his congregation accord- Church to mission fields throughout the earth. ing to God's standards and in God's way. Around the edges of the map are cards bearing in block letters the names of seventy-one men and 5. To Recruit Young People for Life Service. women, members of First Church, who have gone as missionaries to every corner of the world. One of the greatest needs today is for more qualified young people to offer themselves for mis- 6. To Gear in the Prayer Life of His People. sionary service. We want young men and women who are qualified not only physically and educa- The day will not be won in this great cause by tionally, but spiritually, who throb with mission- human wits or human strength. "Not by might ary purpose and passion to share a Saviour, who nor by power, but by my Spirit, saith the Lord." themselves have· had vital and satisfying expe- The prayer life of some churches must be very riences of Jesus Christ, who know Him personally ineffective for the simple reason that the pastor as a Saviour from sin and as the Lord of Life; and people are not obeying God's known missionwho have a message to deliver and who know why ary commands. Andrew Murray was right when it is a message; young people who, whether they he said: "God always gives His power to the go into educational, medical or evangelistic work, church that puts into practice His world prohave a passion to win souls to Christ, and who gram." are qualified through the Holy Spirit in personality, message and spirit to go forth on a spiritual There is no substitute for prayer. How may mission to the ends of the earth. the pastor lead his people in this respect?

To recruit such young people for the service of In his study, in his private devotions, he can rehis Master's world kingdom is a pastor's high member them in this way, even as he remembers duty and supreme privilege. The pastor's mis- the missions and the missionaries on the field. In sionary spirit will be caught even sooner than the public worship, he should carefully prepare his missionary instruction will be. assimilated. for his period of intercession, so that not only Faithful and wise contacts with parents will often general petitions may be made, but specific, fresh, yield results where least expected. Natural and and immediate needs may be voiced to God. The happy fellowship with young people, with the Church Year Book of Prayer should be used each word fitly spoken or an observation wisely used, Sunday. The objects for prayer should be briefly makes for life decisions. stated, with special reference to missionaries, phases of work or particular needs with which the A class on vocational guidance, held perhaps congregation has a point of contact. Churches in connection with the School of Missions, will set using a calendar may print from time to time choice young spirits to seeing visions of opportu- missionary subjects for prayer. Where groups nity. The knowledge that one is borne up regu- in the church meet only for prayer, the varied larly in prayer that the life may be guided aright and immediate missionary needs of the world that is indispensable. The Lord of the harvest Him- week as well as the more intimate needs of misself is hindered or helped in His call to the young sionaries and the missionary life of the home life in proportion as a pastor is faithful in his church should be taken to God in prayer. asking and in his faith. The Mid-week service where it is still alive has Many pastors find in young people's summer a large place for personal testimony and prayer. conferences the opportunity they covet for their It is an inspiring and dynamic meeting when a young people. Beside some lake or sea Jesus is dozen or twenty-five individuals remember in walking again, and when He calls youth today rise earnest prayer to God suggested missionary needs up and go after Him. and those which the Holy Spirit prompts. A pas- tor with missionary fire and purpose in his soul From the First Presbyterian Church of Ber- can enlarge and deepen the prayer life of his peokeley, during the past thirty years, there have ple for all the world. A church that prays through gone into the ministry and to home and foreign its prayer aims and goals, that links itself up to mission fields one hundred and thirty-seven of its world needs and opportunities, that asks greatly own members, many of whom took this step be- and expects greatly, will find God faithful who cause the pastor, Dr. Lapsley A. McAfee, was con- promised and will see that prayer is the arm that stantly faithful in prayer and approach to the moves the world. hundreds of young people who came under his

7. To Mould the Spiritual Life of the Church. little opportunity to suggest or to influence. The Begging on the floor of his Conference, Associ- . theoretical right is there, but in practice it falls ation or Presbytery, wherever he meets with his down. This is partly the pastor's fault, partly brother ministers and the laymen of the church the Board's fault, partly the fault of the denomiin ecclesiastical affairs, the pastor will have many nation in its procedure. Nevertheless, a pastor opportunities in committees, in public debate, in who has the facts, who has convictions, and who personal' contacts, to speak a word in season for exercises genuine sympathy with constructive the missionary enterprise. criticism, plus the perseverance of a real saint, will not only get a hearing, but will exercise a His reading should encompass the annual re- real missionary influence in the church at large. ports of the Mission Boards; he should be familiar with the personnel, policies and programs of these His most pervasive and farthest-reaching influ- Boards; he should see that the aims and plans of ence, however, is to demonstrate in his own the Boards become articulate in his Church, so church that spiritual obedience to the great Comthat they are truly interpreted and understood, mission along all lines makes for spiritual revival and so that they are so channeled to the individual in the home church. Many are praying for such congregation that they become effective in the life a revival today. Many factors enter in. But a of the people. revival that is not geared in to the evangeliza- tion of the whole world is not of God. When The Boards are helpless without the intelligent church members give Christ the pre-eminence in and devoted cooperation of the pastors. Mission- all things, God will open the windows of Heaven ary promotion should primarily be church-centric to pour out His blessing upon us. When the Holy and not Board-centric. If every pastor fulfils his Spirit is in complete control of the believer's life missionary responsibility, there need be no Home and of the church life, that believer and that Base Department in the Board, save a secretary church will be on fire for the world, and will trifor coordinating purposes. umphantly exercise power in the hearts of men.

Every pastor should exert his missionary influ- The winning of the world to Jesus Christ ence through his representatives or in person in largely waits upon what each pastor will let the larger gatherings of his communion. This Christ do with his life and with his ministry in is not easy, for the technique is such in most de- this day of the pastor's unparalleled missionary nominations today that the average pastor has opportunity.

An Old. Papuan Pastor Koani Miki of Port Moresby was the last of the old band of Papuan pastors. While still a lad, his life was saved by Chalmers and Lawes. One day, while a group of boys were play- ing leap-frog, a young man joined in, and as he reached Koani, he stopped, saying, "You are too weak to bear my weight." So he brought from a nearby house a broken length of a canoe pole and told Koani to rest on that. As the heavyweight jumped, little Koani bowed under the strain, and the broken pole pierced the leaper, so that the young man died shortly afterwards. The relatives of the dead youth carried him home, and armed themselves to attack Koani's section of the village and kill him. Lawes and Chalmers, from the mission house on the hill, heard the tumult and rushed down through the armed and noisy crowd in the village, up into Koani's house, and, seizing him by the hand, they walked him between them, daring anyone on either side to lift a spear. Lawes forbade Koani to leave the mission grounds, lest the aven- gers should kill him.

He grew up in Lawes's household, and on attaining manhood entered the college. In 1888 he was ordained and, with his wife, was sent to Porebada, about twelve miles from Port Moresby. When he went to this village it was comparatively small, but the virile people in- creased in numbers, and Koani's work bore fruit. When he retired in 1930, he had been schoolmaster, pastor, and friend to the whole village. Out of a total population of 550, 120 were. adult church members, and 108 more were in the day school under his tuition. Prac- tically all of the inhabitants are able to read the books published in their own vernacular.

Koani was one of God's gentlemen; courtly in manner and speech; and full of fire when preaching the Gospel he loved. He was a true friend and a father, beloved by his colleagues, Papuan and European alike. When Koani Miki retired as pastor, he was, at the earnest re- quest of the villagers, succeeded by his son, Gorogo.

-J. B. CLARK, in the L. M. S. Chironicle.

of Harper

TOYOHIKO KAGAWA WITH HIS "COMRAD OF "THE ROAD" AND THE LITTLE COMRADS A Japanese St. Francis* T OYOHIKO KAGAWA is one of the best Dr. Kagawa has a wife and three children WllO known men in the world and one of the most love him, admire him and sympathize with his useful. He is only forty-four years of age high ideals and sacrificial life. Although he re- but is making his mark in Japan as a Christian ceives many thousands of dollars in gifts, from social reformer, a politician and government ad- lectures and the sale of his books, this money all visor, a student, an editor, a novelist and poet, goes into the work to which his life is devoted. a philanthropist and philosopher, and an evan- Dr. and Mrs. Kagawa live as though poor, li,ke gelist. In the world at large ·he is known as the his Divine Master; he wears a $1.85 laborer's suit most famous Japanese Christian, as a popular and lives with his family on a budget of $40 a author and a lecturer on social and religious sub- month in a house that cost $80, and was made jects. The story of his inner and outer life gives from lumber salvaged from temporary shacks us the picture of a man of remarkable character, erected after the earthquake.

ability and achievement. He accomplishes the Whence comes this man-an intellectual giant work of four men, rising before daybreak for pri- but a physical weakling, a man with a great lov- vate prayer and Bible study, traveling long dis- ing heart, spiritual vision and close fellowship tances lecturing or preaching from once to five with God? He himself says that he is "a living times a day, conducting or supporting three so- miracle" of God's grace and power. He came, cial settlements. He is a leading spirit of the like a pure lily, out of the moral morass of an Kingdom of God Movement in Japan, and for a evil environment. He is the son of an unregen- time spent ten days a month reorganizing the erate father, born out of wedlock, the unsought Tokyo Bureau of Social Welfare. This work is offspring of a dancing girl, was reared in an atin spite of the fact that he is frail in body~has mospher e where sensuousness, selfishness and had tuberculosis, and still suffers from serious eye self-indulgence held undisputed sway. Taught trouble, a weak heart and kidneys. from his earliest boyhood by precept and exam- * "Kagawa.·" By William A x ling. ple that wealth, position and power are life's goals, nevertheless Kagawa has grown into a pure H arper & Bros. N ew York. 1932. Illustrated. 8 vo. 202 PP' $2 .

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flower of manhood with honesty, love and serv- "God dwells among the lowliest of men. . . .

ice to God and man as his standard of life, and He throngs with the beggars at the place of alms.

literally following the example and teachings of He is among the sick. . . . Therefore let him Jesus as his one compelling aim. who would meet God visit the prison cell before Early in life Kagawa was sent to the Buddhist going to the temple. Before he goes to church temple to study. From Confucian classics he let him visit the hospital. Before he reads his learned filial piety and patriotic loyalty and from Bible let him help the beggar at his door. . . Buddhist teachings and ritual his mystical sense He who forgets the unemployed forgets God."

was developed, and he was taught the value of *** quiet contemplation. As a boy he came to have a passionate love for nature and his early suffer- "The civilization of steel and concrete separates ings at the hands of his grandmother led him to mankind from the soil. The soil is God's. footfeel deeply for all other creatures that suffer, stool. The scent of the soil heals me. I have no whether man or beast. desire to become a civilized man, living in luxury. I want to live close to the soiL"

In the providence of God t.llis lonely lad at *** school came into touch with Christian missionaries in Kobe-Dr. H. W. Myers and Dr. C. A. "Christ's fool! A public laughingstock! Truly Logan-who welcomed him into their hearts and that is myself. The world's so-called pleasures homes.. Here Kagawa became acquainted with have all slipped by me. I have not leisurely witthe Bible and learned of the loving God who cares, nessed even one cinematographic display. Tied and who offers life and joy to those who seek. up to society's rubbish heap I have passed half Under Dr. Myers' influence Kagawa learned to my allotted days. . . . I have been ostracized know and love Jesus Christ and cried out eagerly, as a heretic and a socialist but these things move "0 God, make me like Christ." After seeing the me not. I am Christ's captive, a slave of the degradation and sorrow so prevalent in Kobe Cross! The world's fool! I am determined to slums and after reading of Canon Barnett's work abandon everything that bears the marks of the in the slums at Toynbee Hall, London, Kagawa world and, naked, sally forth along the road which was impelled to dedicate his life to help the out- leads upward to the state of the sanctified."

caste and unfortunate in the name and spirit of *** Christ. "The religion of imposing edifices is a heart- The story of his life in the slums of Kobe is breaking affair. It is the soul's castoff shell. A thrilling. At the age of twenty-one, taking a religion that builds men rather than temples is room six feet square in the worst quarter of the much to be preferred. . . . Well would it be city, he shared this abode with beggars, criminals, if most of the world's temples and churches were diseased paupers or moral lepers who came to razed to the ground. Then possibly we would him. Though misunderstood, slandered, threat- understand genuine religion."

ened, attacked and imposed upon, he never retali- *** ated or sought police protection, but for fifteen years shared his meagre supplies with the needy, "He who calls evangelism antiquated is a novice and unfailingly showed the love of God to all with as regards life. When the destiny of mankind whom he came into contact. He not only lived as a whole is considered, we must acknowledge the Christ-life in the -slums but, in streets and that Christ made no mistake in His passionate factories, he went proclaiming the Good News of effort to save."

God and the offer of life in Jesus Christ.

The fascinating story is told in this volume only Some Financial Surprises in outline but it is the narrative of a prophet, a Dr. W. J. Dawson tells of seven surprises which missionary, a servant of Christ, a martyr. Dr. will come to the man who begins to tithe his in- Axling, who has been intimately associated with come: Dr. Kagawa in the Kingdom of God Movement, 1. The amount of money he has for the Lord's has given us more of an interpretation than a work.

biography. One of its most valuable features is 2. The deepening of his spiritual life.

the self-revelation of Kagawa as seen in the nu- 3. His ease in meeting his own obligations.

merous selections from his two hundred medita- 4. The ease in going on to larger giving.

tions and other voluminous writings that allow us 5. The preparation this gives to be a faithful, a glimpse into the workings of his mind and heart. wise steward over the nine-tenths that remain.

Many of these, like the following, have in them 6. That he did not adopt the .plan sooner.

living truth: 7. That every Christian does not adopt it.

to the Indians-Yesterday

and Today By the REV. THOMAS C. MOFFETT, D. D., ..:( New York }!: ..

Author of "On the New Indian Trail"; Secretary of ~he Indian Mission of America H ow much progress have our Protestant era-especially in the last two or three decades. churches made in their work for the Red- We have perceived more and more that the In- men of America, in their methods, their dians, a truly religious and spiritual race, must programs and plans? What have we learned, and be won to belief in Jesus Christ through our sym- how effective are the efforts to evangelize, edu- pathetic understanding of their natures and their cate and develop the American Indians in Chris- unmet needs, and through befriending of them in tian citizenship? the plight into which the white man's aggressions The work among the Navajos of Arizona ahd and conquering civilization have plunged them. If the Nez Per<;es of Idaho, for example, presents anyone doubts that the old order must perish, giv- some vivid contrasts in this year 1932 to the pio- ing place to new, and that "Indianism" must be neer labors of John Eliot supplanted by civilization, let among the Mohican and other Why have we not made more a representative of their race tribes of Massachusetts in the rapid progress in winning the speak the conviction which presevent~enth century. Though American Indians and others vails. Ruth Muskrat Bronson, the same Gospel is preached, to Christ? Is the fault with a talented Indian graduate of declaring that the Lord Jesus the message, or the messen- Mount Holyoke College, in an Christ is the only Saviour to- gers or the methods used? address at Haskell Institute to day and then, what we term the a thousand young Indian stu- implications of a well-rounded What has been learned about dents from forty-five tribes, and up-to-date Christian pro- better methods in producing said: gram present many adapta- results, even as farmers have The Indian race is now at the tions and methods of service learned better methods in greatest crisis in all its history! If which differ from the methods raising crops? Dr. Moffett we can prove our fitness to live, we of pioneer work among primi- gives us a glimpse of some shall survive as a race. You know tive Indians in the early dec- that the old life has gone. And you ades following Colonial days. changes in methods. know that already, whether we wish This change in methods arises it or not, a.new life has come to take its place. We have a greater task from the new appreciations of the message of ahead of us than any warrior kinsman of ours who ever Christ, from the changed conditions on Indian lived. If we would be a great race we must put our minds reservations, and the new order of things for the to the difficult task of living greatly.

Red Men in the complex civilization of twentieth We have learned or should have learned, neither century life. Three hundred and fifty thousand to try to make the Red Man an imitation "Pale- Indians in the United States of one hundred face," nor to discourage him by forced processes twenty million population must be approached of leading him out into the artificialities of the with the Christian Message and must "work out white man's life and civilization. The recent suitheir own salvation" under very different condi- cide of Buffalo Long Lance in California is a tions from those which Pilgrim Fathers found among "the low-browed forest rangers,"-aborig- tragic instance of the failure of a misplaced and ines of a great continent and from the environ- misguided Indian. Hugh Fullerton, the newsment which surrounded them in the two centuries paper columnist, wrote of him : following. We have traveled long distances in this machine age and in the new missionary Long Lance killed himself the other day, weary of try- ing to live the white man's life. A chieftain of the Black- feet, handsome,. proud, a man of extraordinary intel- [601 ]

ligence; and rare beauty of form and of mind, he at- methods of educational and industrial work in altempted the impossible-found the white man's life bitter most all of these church institutions have been ~and ended it amid the luxury of the Santa Anita ranch, greatly improved and modernized in recent years. California. The Blackfeet are the most proud of all the Secular and governmental leaders pay tribute to Northern Indians, and Long Lance had that shy, fierce pride of his people. He grew tall and strong at Carlisle the more intimate contacts and the superior serv- School and learned the acts of the white man. He performed heroic deeds in France during the World War. ice which these Christian schools are enabled to He wrote, he lectured, an~ he grew weary of it all and attain. went back to his tribe again. One day he declared he Vocational guidance is receiving attention of would lead the life of the white man. He said it bitterly, both Church and State in relation to Indian young and he did not mean the best of that white man's life, people in school and following their graduation. but perhaps the worst. He drank deep and seemed to The systematic efforts, recently inaugurated by find it more and more bitter. He was a very brave and a Mr. Wm. R. Johnston, who has given forty years very gentle man and, I think, a very lonely one, failing to of service to the Navajos of Arizona, to contact find that companionship for which he longed, either among his own people or those he adopted. every returned student on the vast reservation of More than this one, among the large company that tribe, is wisely planned. A bulletin is pub- of educated Indian students, have encountered lished, and by auto trips and visits, the boys and similar experiences. We have learned to deal girls are being followed up with personal and cul- more wisely, if not always effectively, with "the tural influences and linked to the mission centers.

returned student problem." St. Augustine's words A great adv.ance has been made in the rela- rise from weary souls of many Red Men: "Our tions of the government service and the mission- hearts were made for Thee, 0 God, and we are ary forces, both on the reservations and in federal ever weary and restless, till we find our rest in Indian schools. Some fifteen years ago a plan was Thee." To lead burdened souls to Christ, in wQrked out by the Protestant mission boards for whose service alone they will find the yoke easy religious work directors at boarding schools, and and the burden light, is the chief task of emis- suitable buildings have been erected at a few in- saries of the Church. stitutions, notably at Sherman Institute, River- The present-day program of Indian mission side, California, for carrying on united evangeli- activities includes evangelistic, educational, voca- cal services and church activities. The Commis- tional, industrial, medical and social service. sioners of Indian Affairs have repeatedJy ex- Racial characteristics, heredity, environment, pressed their appreciation of missionary labors reservation systems, pedagogic method, all are and have provided for due recognition of the studied, and plans are developed to cooperate church programs in the schedule of federal with the Indians themselves, with government offi- schools.

cials, with traders and with the surrounding white Hon. Charles J. Rhoads, himself a Quaker, sent populations, along all lines of Indian welfare. out a year ago to the superintendents and em- Some leaders of the Indian mission enterprise ployees of the Indian service the following in- realize that this is a racial problem and are de- structions : voting their energies not to a single tribe or par- No effort should be spared to encourage effective coish, but are viewing the opportunity in its larger operation and prevent misunderstanding and friction.

relations, studying the ethnological and national Religious education and character training are necessary sources of Indian life, and reaching out for con- factors in the development of the Indian. Adequate recogtacts with the neglected millions of Red Men in nition of the status and responsibilities of the missionary nineteen republics of Latin America. Among the as a part of the local program, independent and yet cor- Pueblos of New Mexico a returned missionary, related with the government program, will still develop and make efficient the personal friendship and mutual formerly in Japan, is devoting his full time to lin- good-will which should always characterize the relation guistic research and pastoral labors among these of missionaries and Indian service employees. We suggest Indians, whom he believes to be definitely linked therefore that our superintendents be responsible for with the Mongolians and the ancient Japanese calling group conferences to be attended by missionaries, Indian church workers and employees, for the purpose of culture. discussing the plans and lines of cooperative effort which The field of Christian education, and the schools will promote active participation in a common program.

conducted under the direction of mission boards, A half century ago under the old political spoils can only be briefly mentioned. Institutions such system of appointing Indian agents no such con- as Bacone College, Oklahoma, Santee Institute, structive proposal had been conceived.

Nebraska, and the American Indian Institute, It must be noted that Protestant undertakings Wichita, Kansas, carry forward the more ele- for the Red Men of the United States, while pro- mentary instruction provided for in many denomi- gressive and modernized in recent· years, have national day and boarding schools in various also been theologically conservative and strongly states. The teaching staff, the curricula, and the evangelical. The missionaries, especially on the

MISSIONS TO THE INDIANS-YESTERDAY AND TODAY

reservations and in their contacts with primitive tions. Associations, conferences, presbyteries of and pagan tribes, have realized the need of simple the various denominations are composed in some Christian truth, of earnest and practical work, instances entirely of Indian members. The native and of basic instruction and methods, rather than organizations are the fruitage of long years of controversial or "modernistic" trends. The true missionary service. Self-government of indigemissionary ever leads to Christ as Divine Master nous churches is the goal toward which the labors of the heart and life, and to the Bible as God's of the past have· always been directed. The Word. Sioux, Nez Per~e, Choctaw and Pima Indians probably represent the largest measure of self- The united strength of the denominations has support and of reliance on a native ministry. On been one of the causes of progress in Indian mis- the whole a definite expansion and up-to-date sions. Dr. Charles L. Thompson, as president of forward-looking policies have characterized the the interdenominational Home Missions Council activities and program of the evangelical churches more than a decade ago, stated that he regarded since the "President Grant system" allocated inthe work of the churches for the Red Men of dividual tribes to separate denominations for re- North America as furnishing the finest example ligious nurture. This plan did not prove wise or of practical comity and cooperation in missionary permanent, but it stimulated later activities. The service in the homeland. Neglected fields were Dawes Act, providing individual land allotments, allocated, rivalry and duplicating of effort by gave the Indians new dignity and opportunity for evangelical forces were largely obviated, and a self-support, also has the declaration of citizensolid front was presented which greatly strength- ship for the "native Americans," which had been ened the impact of Protestant Christianity in the so long deferred. Of the reward of faith and face of paganism and secularity. service for this Cause, the memorable words of John Eliot, Apostle to the Indians, may be re- Self-supporting Indian congregations, minis- called: "Prayer and pains through faith in Jesus tered to by native pastors, now constitute a large Christ will do anything." part of the organized religious life of the reserva- Oases In the Good Earth By the Rev. G. CARLETON LACY, D. D., Shanghai, China Agent of the American Bible Society in China EVERYONE who has read "The Good Earth," nese moved in he brought with his family retain- knows something of China's crying need of ers, bodyguard and secretaries, his Bible, family the Gospel of Christian love. To me the worship, and a personal life that together created book seems to ring-yes, and to wring-with this an atmosphere entirely different from that picappeal. tured in "The Good Earth." Here was a Chris- tian home in the midst of odd surroundings. Yet it must be remembered that there are spots in Chinese society that have been changed. There The story of my friend's conversion is a good are regions that have experienced a touch of God's illustration of what Christianity has done for love. There are lives that have been redeemed China. There remains vividly in my memory his by it. Here and there a new glory shines; some narrative of three incidents that turned him about rough places have been made smooth; some bur- in his life and in his attitude to Christ. They are dens have been made easy; some yokes have been typical of experiences that through the past one lifted. hundred years have been coming to very many others in less conspicuous places. Not long ago I visited the city in which Pearl Buck spent her childhood. My host was a high As a youth this young Chinese was a soldier government official. He occupied a big house such in the ranks. One day he went to his commanding as is so well described in the now familiar story. officer for permission to go into the nearby city. Its absent landlord preferred the luxuries of life "Young man," said the kindly disposed superior, with electric elevators and porcelain bathtubs in "when you finish your errands in that city and Shanghai. So for a nominal rent my friend, the have time left to play, there are just two places official, had taken over the rambling place, with where it is safe for you to go. Find either the its courts and gardens and inner rooms, to pre- Y. M. C. A. or the Methodist institutional church." vent the squatters from taking possession and The soldier boy heeded this friendly advice and ruining the premises. When this Christian Chi- went to the church. There he found decent read-

ing, wholesome recreation, and strangely enough, can to exalt Christ in his home and community.

on this first visit, a patriotic rally. He sat down But the influence of that Christian home is now in a back seat and listened with amazement. Al- exerted through a more famous home upon every ways before he had thought of Christians as trait- visitor to the great house at Yangchow. Scat- ors, "running dogs of foreign imperialism." Now tered all over "the good earth" in China are thou- he heard from their lips the highest ideals of na- sands of humble homes of peasants, merchants, tional loyalty and found them adding to their own teachers and laborers that have been illumined zeal an earnest appeal to God to do for China by the light of Christian love, where life has be- what human strength could not accomplish. come much more than the daily toil and the be- That was twenty years ago. In recent months getting of children.

this man, from his difficult position in govern- Late one Christmas Eve we landed in Nanking ment office, has been striving with all the clear- on a cold starlit night, and drove through the city sightedness and passion of a Jeremiah to turn in an open carriage to the home where we were his people to peace and to prayer, pointing out to be entertained. Here and there along the the insufficiency of human diplomacy and the fu- streets, and dotting the open fields like brilliant tility of civil war. The burden of his none too fireflies, was to be seen the flicker of little red popular prophecy is that "righteousness exalteth candle-lanterns. We asked what it meant and a nation" and that the faithful prayers of a few learned that each Christian home in the great city hundred thousand sincere Chinese Christians will had hung out this token of thanksgiving for the avail more than millions of dollars and lives spent birth of the Christ. There are now myriads of in fighting for "national defense." This at least such homes made glad by what Christ has done has Christianity done for China-it has raised a for the Chinese family.

voice crying, "Prepare ye in the wilderness the A third incident narrated by this official at first way of the Lord. Make straight in the desert a sounded undramatic, almost prosaic, but it was highway to our God." When the nation is plung- significant in his experience and is typical of a ing blindly toward militarism and anarchy, great contribution which Christianity has made toward materialism and cynicism, one who has to Chinese life. A great national convention was led victorious armies on deadly battlefields now arn:mged in Tientsin by the Young Men's Chris- seeks with stirring conviction to lead the Chris- tian Association. My friend attended one day to tian forces to the victory of faithful prayer. Here hear a distinguished Chinese scholar speak. As is bright hope in the midst of dense gloom. some years before he had been surprised to dis- The second incident of which my friend told cover that Christians were loyal patriots, so now me occurred some years later when the young he was astonished to hear from this literary au- military officer had been entrusted with a secret thority that the Christian Bible was a classic of mission to rally military leaders against the usur- real worth. He himself had delighted as a boy in pations of the dictator Yuan Shi-kai. His duties the study of poetry and philosophy, and had ac- were taking him to many places, into the yamens quired a penmanship of some distinction. His .and the intimate presence of many powerful gen- pride in his own country's literary achievement erals and army chieftains. On one such journey was pricked by this master boldly urging his he came to a Yangtze river port and was enter- hearers to turn to a diligent reading of the Old tained by the Defense Commissioner. Instantly and New Testament Scriptures. His response he detected in the atmosphere and conduct of this was thorough-going. He became an earnest stu- household something he had never before known. dent, spending hours each day with his Bible. In For a time he could not analyze the difference, it he found more than "the greatest classic under nor define his experience. But when he sat at heaven." Here was spiritual food. Here was a meals· and heard his host offer thanks to God, lamp to lighten his way. Here was the priceless when at the beginning of the day he saw the fam- story of salvation.

ily and staff assemble to worship under the lead- One day in his headquarters at Tungchow I ership of this powerful general, and when he met picked up on the general's table a copy of the in the large family of children several orphans Bible. Its pages were heavily marked and lined.

who had been affectionately adopted into the home Verse after verse was emphasized in one way or in which they were receiving, not the abuse of another. A few moments later in another room slaves, but all the privileges of sons and daugh- I opened another Bible which showed the same ters, there stirred within his heart· a desire to signs of persistent scrutiny. When the matter share in that sort of Christian life. was mentioned to my host on his return from the The Defense Commissioner has now passed barracks he explained, "Without spending hours from the political stage and lives in quiet retire- each day in Bible study I could not carry the load ment at Kiukiang, still trying in every way he of heavy responsibility entrusted to me."

OASES IN THE GOOD EARTH

A few months ago at an appreciation dinner and the apostles had been degraded to the level given in his honor by Christian organizations in of the filthiest novels and obscene pamphlets Shanghai, General Chang Chih-chiang was pre- which till then largely held the field of vernacular sented a large family Bible and a framed certifi- writings. How different the attitude today! cate of honorary life membership in the Ameri- China's literary leaders now offer their tribute to can Bible Society. One of his chaplains made this the work of these foreigners who were most ably statement: "Through all these years I have never assisted by their Chinese colleagues. Dr. Hu known a day to pass when the general did not Shih has more than once praised the style of the find time to study his Bible. Whether on the bat- Union Version Mandarin Bible. Dr. Tsai Yuantlefield, or in the long weary marches through pei has given it as his opinion that Christianity's Mongolia, or in the midst of pressing duties of greatest contribution to China has been made in civil life, always he has found time for this form opening the way to popular literacy, chiefly of spiritual nourishment." From the richness of through disseminating the Scriptures in the his own experience he has donated thousands of spoken language of four hundred million people. Bibles and Testaments to personal and official In several dialect regions the colloquial Bibles friends, earnestly praying that to them as to him it might become a source of real blessing. GENERAL CHANG CHIH-CIDANG For more than a hundred years Christianity virtually created the written language and are has been contributing to the change and the en- recognized by students of philology as the standrichment of Chinese life through the circulation ard work in these fields. of the Scriptures. The American Bible Society, in its story of a century of work among the Chi- What all of this has done to the life of the nese, reports a circulation of approximately sev- nation is too long a story, even if it could be told. enty million copies. The British and Foreign It is of real significance that Bible translation and Bible Society began its work several years earlier distribution now makes it possible to reach diand has labored even more widely; and the Na- rectlya large part of China's vast population with tional Bible Society of Scotland and other organ- the Gospel message. Each year from ten to fifizations have added very largely to this growing teen million copies of Christian Scriptures are stream of religious influence. finding their way into the hands of Chinese read- ers, with the endorsement of their own leaders as A volume might well be written on what this "the greatest classic under heaven." The revolucirculation of the Bible has done for the language tion which has followed in the lives of thousands and literature of the Chinese people. The story of individuals and scores of communities is an inof the Bible in the Reformation of Europe, or of evitable result. the Tyndale translation made with a view to familiarizing even the humblest ploughboy with the sacred writings, is very familiar. Some day a no less thrilling romance may be told to show the influence of the Bible on the transformation of China. Last year Madame Chiang Kai-shek graciously accepted for herself and her distinguished husband copies of the Bible with this reference to her father, Mr. Soong, whose printing press years ago was largely patronized by the Bible Society: "My father established his press in Shanghai to print the revolutionary writings of Dr. Sun Yatsen when no one else dared to publish them. But he published not only Dr. Sun's works. On his press were printed also many thousands of copies of the messages of Jesus Christ, the world's greatest revolutionist."

The literary form in which these messages were published proved also to be revolutionary. When evangelistic zeal drove Bishop Schereschewsky and other missionary translators to put the Bible into the vernacular Chinese-the Mandarin and the colloquial dialects-the fruit of their labors was hailed with derision and protest. It was charged that the sacred writings of the prophets

Obstacles in

By the REV. WM. H. GLEYSTEEN, Peiping, China Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, V. S. A.

SOME wonder whether, with all the complex their influence through their organization. Choice, organization on the mission field, the most rather than compulsion, is the keynote. central need, namely, that of making Christ The Church in China is very much concerned really known, is at the center of the program. with Christian universities. It would be fatal, in Have we sufficient glow in our faith in Jesus an age so largely humanistic, for the youth of the Cb:rist, in His teaching, person and Way of Life Chinese Church who attend the university, to to.make us daily grateful for God's gift, and eager have to do their thinking in science, economics, to share with others this radi- philosophy, and history under alit faith? a the i s tic professors. The iInstitutions are meant to be Not all the obstacles to Chris- Christian university is price- tools for the master workman. tian progress in China are due less to the Church, but it is es- They are of use only if they to ignorance, poverty, revolu- sential that its universities be- enable him to realize his pur- tions, banditry, communism come fewer and better and pose. If he becomes hampered and idolatry. Some are due powerfully staffed with Chris- by the organization, then his to faulty missionary methods, tian professors who will adorn power is weakened by it. The mmChiesrssissiaotg.nearMieosrr. wGtihtlheeoyustStepaenirG,itowsphoeofl the class-room as truly as any most moving power in Christi- Christian preacher adorns the anity, outside of Jesus himself, has been twenty-five years in pulpit. We need an uncompro- is the individual Christian China, gives us a view of ·how mising Christianity in our preacher, scholar, merchant, these obstacles are being over- schools, and this may be farmer, artisan, housemaid, fa- come. achieved even with the restric- ther or mother. This is where tions which registration of the Holy Spirit of God resides schools with the government and operates. If the Holy Spirit resides in an insti- has placed upon them.

tution, it is only because He resides in the individ- The Church in America and Europe should send uals in it. Hence it is imperative that the Christian out youth in whom mingles the passionate love of must continue to function. There are not as many learning with the passionate love of Christ; let fiaming evangelists in the world as there should them go to the Christian colleges and universities be, and they are especially needed in Christian in- of China, work hand in hand with an increasing stitutions. The Christian leaders in these institu- number of choice Chinese Christian scholars. This tions must be free and determined to accomplish contribution to the Church will be second to none their great purpose through the organization. in all the land. The scholar class in China is still There is a girls' school in Central China, with her most promising and powerful group. Is approximately one hundred and fifty students. Christianity unable to grapple with this problem?

Ten American missionaries are giving themselves Does not her spirit .rise within her as she con- to this piece of work. Some are teachers of Bible fronts this opportunity?

and conduct worship; others are teachers of Eng- Then there are the Christian secondary schools.

lish and history and physical directors. These A few years ago, before Government registration, ten women and their Chinese colleagues, all focus all the students used to file into chapel every their lives on their students. Christianity to them morning, and most of the students took Bible is more than a creed and ritual, it runs through- courses. These were considered happy days by out the entire school life. The Church which many educators. But many of the Chinese lead- operates this school finds not only that the girls ers who were themselves students in those "happy become Christians, but also that when church days" are quite as certain that the method was leaders are needed, this is the best place to find not good for the cause of Christ in China. In our them. These Christian teachers have multiplied own school in Peiping, three hundred fine lads and [606 ] young men came to chapel regularly, but we knew, China is the conclusion to which many thoughtespecially in recent years, that this is not the way ful Chinese have come that Europe and America to a young man's heart and head'. Now the same are not measuring up favorably to the teachings institution has a beautiful chapel, the most at- of Jesus. In 1924 the Student Volunteer Movetractive room in the building. It overlooks the ment sensed clearly that the race problem in hills to the east and the west of Peiping, and such America and economic injustice were so menacing students and teachers as may desire, come to this that unless quickly remedied, they would cut the quiet upper room for worship. There is not a nerve of the Church in its missionary efforts. more worshipful service held in any of our Americans and Europeans cannot say to China. churches in Peiping than is held in this chapel. "Look at Jesus, do not look at us; listen to His In the final analysis, have we more faith in com- teachings on peace, do not pay attention to our pulsion than in the drawing power of Jesus armaments; read the Sermon on the Mount, do Christ? That, ancient summons "Come follow not consider our factory system." The fact is that me" still has its power. Christianity has one sure the Great War with its wanton destruction of life, guaranty that it will never lack devotees, and that and the hypocrisy which led the warring nations is the drawing power of Christ when He is "lifted each to pray for success, rather than a spirit of up." understanding and forgiveness, disillusioned the Orient as to the influence of Christ upon the West. If a teacher in a mission school really believes It has been said by not a few that Christianity that Jesus is the Way, the Truth, the Life, even has not even been tried in the West. The fact is though he may not be free to discuss religion in that Christianity has not been applied to certain the classroom, his influence with his students areas of our social, economic and national life. will be in proportion to the love of Christ in his Our sins are finding us out. We must repent, or heart. The door of opportunity will' be wide we will find that our missionary force is spent. open. As Emerson said, if he has something to give which the world needs, a path will be worn Wu T'ing-fan, formerly Chinese Minister to to his doorstep. Winning men to Christ is largely Washington, said that he became a Christian as by personal approach to the will. In our mission a young man, but that he had returned to Conschools there should be an adequate staff not only fucianism as a more practicable religion. He for teaching, but also to give the Christian teach- thought Christianity too idealistic, too remote from the possible. Martin Luther did not feel disers time to win their students to Christ. mayed when he saw the Church and the priest- There is a Christian Fellowship in the Peiping hood corrupt and worldly-minded. He discovered and applied the dynamic in religion, the power of school. Two years ago, when the new term which we still feel. Shall we do less in such an opened, the members came together. We num- hour as the present? bered only forty-one, for the senior members had just graduated. As we were about to tackle the The missionary is not always the kind of man problems for the coming year, the Principal, a one would expect. Perhaps he has more of the Chinese, got up and said, "The only way to start marks of his civilization upon him than the stigthis year right is for everyone of us to go among mas of Christ which Paul carried about. The his friends, teachers and students, and each one missionary must make it unmistakably clear that to invite one other friend to unite with the Fel- he is dealing with vital experiences, and that he is lowship at the very beginning of the year." This an apostle of faith, hope, and love to the people was readily agreed to. One week later when we to whom he is accredited. These testify of Christ; met again, not one member failed to bring a friend these lead men to Christ, for they flow ever fresh with him. There were eighty-two present. It and full from his heart, and are the Living Water was an experience which I shall not soon forget. for which all men thirst. It revealed what purpose and prayer and personal work can accomplish. I went to the finest A situation which is causing strain in Chinese non-Christian student in the school and asked him Christian circles is as follows: Until recently, to become a follower of Christ and to unite with the Chinese Church was largely dominated by the the Fellowship. He asked for time to talk it over missionary. In trying to remedy this evil and to with his family. Later he came sadly and said, give Chinese pastors and workers and the Church "I should like to do so, but my father and mother itself its rightful place, a new menace to progress are opposed and I cannot disregard their wishes." has arisen. The churches are not self-supporting, Another strong young man in the senior class re- and self-propagating so that a new policy is dessponded immediately, "Yes, I am willing and glad perately needed. .Some missionaries feel that the to follow Christ and become a member of the best procedure will be for them to withdraw both Christian Fellowship." financial and missionary aid from these churches so that the fledglings may really learn to soar One obstacle to the progress of Christianity in

aloft. They have a new evangelistic program in When the rich treasures of human thought in which the mission work is generally independent China have been gratefully accepted at their full of the Church. value, the Christian missionary has best prepared The dominance of the mission over the Church the heart of the people for the reception of Jesus is unwise and the Church must in reality be inde- Christ, for He came to fulfill their incomplete- pendent of the mission. Left largely to them- ness, which many of them recognize. One does selves the missionary hopes that these new not find the cross of Christ in ethnic faiths. Nei- churches will avoid that same evil of developing ther does one hear that deep solemn note, "Ye along lines of Western pattern. One may fairly did not choose me but I chose you." One does not ask whether Western missionaries can found find anything comparable to the resurrection.

Christian churches without the cooperation of the Why be troubled over all that is noble in systems Chinese Christian Church. Might not the mis- not Christian? Rather let us believe more vitally sionary better ask the Chinese Church to be al- in Jesus Christ, and try to re-enact his experilowed to cooperate with her in the more extensive as well as immediate program of building the' ences in our own lives. China truly needs Christ. Church of Jesus Christ? The evils' of the past must not be repeated, but it must also be made There is in China a Church of Christ, composed clear that the mission is not a rival to the Chris- of several denominations, with over one-third of tian churches already existing. The missionary the Protestant Christians within its fold. One from the West can still make a spiritual contri- would not attempt to force the matter of union, bution to the more or less inarticulate Church of but the impression made on thoughtful Chinese the East. One does not need to develop this thesis by the great heterogeneity of Christian denomi- nationalism is distinctly unfortunate. A Christihere. anity which exalts division among followers of Christ, in a country where communism is making A wise Chinese Christian once remarked to the headway and where atheism is not uncommon, is writer: "Many of you missionaries seem to under- not apt to make a deep impression. Christian go a harmful change when you go home on fur- cooperation has added to the strength and dignity lough. When you first come to China you treat and power of appeal in the missionary message. us with great deference and affection. You have faith in us. We Chinese know full well that the There is some fear lest the Chinese Christian facts do not always accord with confidence, but Church become more ethical than religious. A still your fresh and living hope and your respect minister in America said to a Chinese student, and love grip our hearts and lead us into realms "I hear that Christianity is more ethical than re- where we have never been before. And then you ligious in your country." "Yes," was the reply, go to America and return to us 'enlightened.' You "that may be true. I have observed that in Amer- are no longer the same. You think you know us ica Christianity is more religious than ethical."

too well now. You become cynical, suspicious, not It is said that the Orient is fast discovering the really friendly. It is true you do know us better moral supremacy of Jesus. It is of great impor- in some of the superficialities of our life, but tance that the Christian Church in India and really you have ceased to know us and to move us. Japan and China relate l'eligion and ethics. The When you first came with your confidence and mystical, moral, and intellectual must be con- love, it was then you knew us most profoundly served and properly related.

and we longed to follow the Christ. Now often The supreme obstacle to the progress of the you antagonize us." How true this principle is! Kingdom of God in China lies in those who claim What trust Jesus reposed in the most unworthy to be His followers and messengers. It is so much persons, Peter for example; and how he won out easier to teach a doctrine than to practice it. Alwith his abiding faith. most everyone can say, "God is love," but how The Chinese sometimes feel that the missionary hard it is to manifest it in life; and yet, does any gives them what he wants to give rather than one suppose that by reiteration of this doctrine what the people most need, and what would best the hearts of men are changed? The missionary lead them to Christ. The missionary must offer must delight to follow the Master in his own liv- the Bread of Life, but he will be wise to move ing, and his heart must be aglow with joy and along the felt needs of the people and will surely gratitude to God for his unspeakable Gift. The come to the profoundest need of all., Teaching Christian often has cast a shadow upon Christ, English often discloses an attitude of service that but He is invincible, and the measure in which He is most compelling and leads students to inquire is allowed to have His way in the Church of the as to the sources of strength of this teacher's life. West will be the measure of the gift of the mis- Thus they are led into the presence of God. sionary from that Church to China.

Ways of

'fested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home I EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~,—====~-===-====-===–==–,~ SEASONAL PLANS A Look Into December dressed as angels, sing carols A Thank-offering Across the Where can the missionary responsively and read passages of Scripture referring to the Sea mood and motive be more at first Christmas; one or more brief talks are given on Holiday The Edinburgh Medical Mis- home than in the month wherein celebrations on the Home and sion Quarterly tells of a new Foreign fields of your denomiventure-a Thank-offering Day, we observe the birthday anni- nation, arranging them in geoin place of the customary sale versary of the author of The graphical rotation to follow the of work, in their Junior Auxili- Great Commission? The follow- sunrise around the earth; a ary. ing suggestions will be found tree ablaze with lights receives the gifts of the guests for some Acceptances for an "At adapt,able to various depart- definite missionary objective. Home" in a large hall were so numerous that the seating ac- ments of church activity. "The Old, Old Story." (1) commodations had to be in- A Christmas Manger Service. In Song: Begin by having concreased to the limit. Upon en- At the morning service on the Sunday before Christmas, a special program is rendered af- fording opportunity for all tering the hall, surprising classes to bring gifts for those gregation sing, as the request, scenes greeted the guests-an less fortunate than themselves, "Tell Me the Old, Old Story." African Hut, an Indian Bazaar, as well as a missionary offering Follow this by having one verse a Palestine Well, a Chinese for some designated object, all each of hymns in which the first Room and other attractions. these being placed in an impro- Christmas is described or -re- Members of the Auxiliary, in vised manger at the foot of the ferred to, by various persons appropriate costumes, took pulpit. who answer this request. This charge of the exhibits. The most A Good Christmas Program. may be done by a group behind delightful feature of the after- The roll call may bring re- the scenes, or by individuals noon was the reception of the sponses with Christmas quota- rising as if spontaneously in thank-offerings by a lad and a tions ; the devotional service various parts of the audience lass costumed to represent doc- may include a talk on "The (very effective), or by one tor and nurse, seated in front Birthday of the King," Scrip- woman if the musical resources of a large illustrated poster and ture passages, hymns and com- of the audience are limited. with a tray between them on ments; the special music com- Close this feature by congregawhich the gifts were to be posed of carols. From a huge tional singing of "0 Come, All placed. Later they headed a col- red muslin Christmas stocking, Ye Faithful". orful procession of Africans, hung up at the front, each per- (2) From the Book: Cut a Indians, Palestinians and Chi- son pulls out some part of the number of stars from pastenese as they passed up the hall ensuing program-letters from board, write on one side a to present the offering, salaam- missionaries telling of past cel- Scripture verse referring to the ing to the platform party after ebrations on their fields; one or Nativity, and tie a tiny green the special fashion of their re- two short Christmas stories; a candle to the other side. Darken spective countries. After a de- scrap book with a Christmas-y the room where possible. Have lightful tea, missionary officials cover and containing pictures the leader read her star-verse by and workers accepted and dedi- of Christmas celebrations and the light of its own candle cated the money and an address scenes cut from past December which she has lighted from a was given on "Pain, Its Problem numbers of THE REVIEW or Christ-candle on the table, then and Its Place in Life." Music denominational magazines; sev- nass the light on to the next was interspersed throughout the eral four-minute talks on woman's candle so that she may afternoon. Christmas in non-Christian read her verse, and so on until And now for the sequel: De- lands; an appropriate solo for a all the passages have been ren- spite the depression, the amount special singer; a tiny Perry Pic-_ dered. of this voluntary thank-offering ture of The Nativity for each (3) In China: Any other exceeded that from the sale of one present. country or group of countries work in the average of the past "Around the World with may be substituted, but China five years by £185! Christmas." A sextette of girls, is most appropriate in view of [609 ]

the study topic for this year…. ceive relief from friendly for- Hymn: "When I Survey the Live, concrete subject matter eigners; (c) Policy of soup Wondrous Cross."* should be handled by a good kitchen unwise. Chinese speaker. At its ~lose, have some one sing softly, "As with Glad- should receive aid which will VALUE OF LIVING LINKS ness Men of Old," the congrega- preserve stamina and morale tion finally marching past a of community. Digging of "Our plan for teaching mistree, manger or othe~ appropri- wells in past is a sample of sions has paid good dividends," ate receptacle for missionary sort of relief needed; (d) Ir- says the Rev. Frederick W. offerings as they sing heartily, rigation projects to help Backmeyer, pastor of the First "Joy to the World". large areas; (e) Motor roads Presbyterian Church of Gary, will help; (f) Properly man- Indiana. "In the beginning we Carrying Christmas to the aged, much money can be had a double motive. We want- Shut-ins. The Courtesy Com- raised in China for relief; ed our people to know our mismittee, Extension Department (g) With care and preven- sionaries and we wished to or other appropriate body in tive measures future famines vitalize our mid-week services. your church arranges to enliven may be avoided. The manse was opened on the sick rooms of invalids with 6. Hymn: "Break Thou the Wednesday evenings to groups tiny decorated trees suitable for Bread of Life." of forty or fifty persons, invited implanting in flower pots, a alphabetically. A special card group of young people singing Fitting the Eyes (Chapter IV) was sent out, neatly printed, carols at each place. Messages and in the year's time every one of love from absent friends, the Room fitted with charts, chair of the almost fifteen hundred individual's Sunday school class, and table as in oculists's office. members was reached." the missionary society or other Impersonator of woman doctor suitable group, may be neatly presents material in chapter to The plan, as explained by the two patients, one suffering from pastor, included a brief devo- written on tiny cards and at- eyes of Ignorance, the other tional service and special music, tached to the trees as gifts. from Indolence. First is cured by Informational glasses and followed by a social hour. A missionary was introduced for PROGRAMS ON second by Inspirational ones. an informative, heart-warming "LADY FOURTH DAUGHTER First patient can see China but talk. By scanning the itiner- only in peculiar way-much aries of those at home on fur- OF CHINA" farther away than it really is. lough and arranging a schedule She is particularly distressed weeks in advance, it was possible Chinese Witnesses (Chapter III) 1. Women witnesses sharing in about medical missions, thinks to have the church folk get acthe new social order. (pp. she sees clearly enough to know quainted with the workers in a 85-89.) that her denomination is doing home atmosphere-a very con- 2. Poverty in China with which too much of that work in China. siderable advantage.

Christian witnesses must She does not see why we do not "The fact that these were not deal. insist on their government at- church meetings gave the visit- (a) Struggle for exist- tending to it all. The doctor ing missionary an opportunity to ence. (pp. 89-94.) gives her diagnosis-terrible win individuals who would have (b) Politics. (pp.94-96.) disease called Ignorance. Shock been indifferent elsewhere. For (c) Sun Yat Sen's princi- and grief on part of patient. the listeners these talks had all ples. (pp. 96, 97.) Doctor tries on some glasses the effect of a personal touch.

(d) The Church and pov- and has her read something in Knowing the missionary they erty. (pp.97-111.) text. (Cover material on pp. wanted to know about his field.

3. Spiritual transformation. 115-138.) Patient's eyesight im- They asked questions. They re- (pp. 112, 113.) proves and she sees some things membered what the missionary 4. China today. See story of for herself. told them. To them -it was in- Mabel Lee, a Chinese wit- Second patient shows bad formation-news. They could ness in America, in Literary . case of Indolent eyes. Does not repeat to others what they had Digest for March 5, 1932, or know that the Chinese are learned from one who was actother down-to-date material bending every energy to get out ually engaged in the work. The of Salt Marsh of Ignorance, be- congregation, as a result of on topic. 5. China Famine Relief, U. S. cause her eyes are too lazy to these group meetings, became A., after careful study, laid look. The doctor dishes up In- more and more interested in the down these beliefs regard- spirational medicine (from pp. missionary work of our denoming economic situation: (a) 138-158). Patient at last gets ination, and the entire program Primary responsibility must up· energy to look; does not of Christian missions had a new rest on the Chinese people; want to stop looking; then she meaning for them." gives. When the second year opened, (b) Chinese need should re- China Today: Inspirational the meetings had to be taken to * Remaining program by Anna Canada the church because the manse talk on "The Great Physician could no longer contain them. Swain, as published by the Baptist Board of in China Today". Education. in next issue.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

A dinner was instituted. The the life and w<?rk of great mis- are discussed with the children and definite prayers are offered membership was divided into sionaries. groups which, in turn, provided Have a large poster sheet for on the basis of specific needs and served the meals. Twenty- each country to be studied, with shown in previous lessons. This five cents per plate was charged names lettered across the top- series, carried through sevento take care of the "overhead" "China," "Africa," etc. Place teen sessions of a Junior Chrisand to pay for the kitchen serv- these at the front of the room tian Endeavor, was described in ice so that the entire member- where all may read the inscrip- Women and Missions, of the ship might be included in the tions easily. As each child se- Presbyterian Board.

meeting. From an estimated lects the poster which repre- Books of Friendship seventy-five to one hundred, the sents such designations as those attendance grew up to two hun- below, he may stand at the These were made for the pur~ dred per night. front of the room and hold it: pose of interesting children con- This plan has been in use for "In the Dark Continent, our mis- cretely in missions–something three years and is still "going sionaries tell the story of Jesus, the the children might make for strong." Not only have the Light of the world"; themselves. The synthetic books church folk learned to know were headed: "When you come and love the missionaries, but "In the land of more boys and girls to see us," the idea being to than any other in the world, our misthose workers themselves get a sionaries are working while we are heart-warming, helpful reaction sleeping and sleeping while we are show what children of other from the church. When it occa- playing-;-all to tell those boys and lands would see if they visited sionally proves impossible to se- girls that Jesus loves them"; ours. The pictures included cure a missionary, a stereopti- those of the Goddess of Liberty, "In the land of a million idols, our con address on some field whose missionaries tell the people of that missionaries are already known land that God wants their hearts for the children themselves, their or are soon to visit the church His temple"; houses, streets, churches, etc. is profitably substituted. One of Thus was the World Friendship "In the land of flowers and parasols and pretty kimonos, the missionaries Contest born in the state of Pennsylvania, in the plans of are telling about Christ"; "In the land of jumping beans"

the best features of this plan . ';In' th~ land of jungles and golden the Children's Synodical Secreis its linking up with the prayer tary and the Young People's temples" . . . ; Secretary (Presbyterian) for life. On Sunday mornings and "In the land where Jesus Himself that commonwealth. It visual- Wednesday evenings, names of once walked" . . . etc.

missionaries for whom prayer When each poster has been izes imaginary visits of children is to be offered are read. "In claimed and all are lined up, of different foreign mission staour church," concludes the pas- sing "We've a Story to Tell to tions upon coming to America, tor, "the whole missionary pro- the Nations," and repeat, "Pray or of those in home mission stagram is a living issue. This ye, therefore, the Lord of the tions, coming to the community solves any problem of benevo- harvest," etc. Then suggest sub- in which the book-makers live. lent quotas."* jects for sentence prayers. Ask Leading questions are: the children to bring pictures Missionary Poster Studies of boys and girls of different To whom would you introduce countries to be classified, selec- them? The purpose is to. study the Where would you take them?

children's foreign mission ob- tions made and pasted on the What would you show them?

jectives. The aims of the post- posters. Then letter names of These books are entered in a ers are to create interest in the at least one missionary for each competition by their makers. countries where stations for ju- station, and as the children se- The rules require them all to be niors' benevolences are located; lect the corresponding posters of medium size-eight by ten to keep the people before the from such descriptions as the inches; all the work is to be children; to familiarize juniors following, they are allowed to done by the children. These with the names of stations and paste the right name on each books are sent in to headquartypes of work; to acquaint them poster and offer sentence pray- ters, each one accompanied by a with at least one missionary at ers for a blessing on the work- letter written by its maker to each station so that prayer may ers. For example, "Mrs. J- the imaginary child of the stabecome more definite; to lay the B- is the name of the mission- tion he had ih mind. After the foundations for confidence in ary who is taking the Gospel to announcements of the awards, the effectiveness of prayer by the Dark Continent. On which one book is sent to each station teaching Bible passages that poster shall we paste her it designates, inscribed with definitely state the necessity for name?" data concerning the junior prayer and the promise of its At subsequent sessions, have . group sending it. What are answer; to stimulate interest in a story told for each of the other states doing to introduce posters, life stories of mission- their juniors to young folks of • Copyright, The Duplex Envelope· Co., Rich- other races at home and mond. Virginia. Abridged. aries like Livingstone, Morri- t Adapted from Women and Missi""",. son, Carey, etc. These stories abroad?t The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~'===============I~ THE NEW DAY HAS COME A Report of the World Day of Prayer, February 12, 1932 In these troubled times "more changes are wrought by prayer" than hurrying worried persons will believe. The source of endurance of many stalwart souls, courageous today for themselves and others is the same as with the Psaimist of old who sang of the help which came from "the Lord who made heaven and earth."

It is also true as someone said but yesterday, that "one does not stop the mouths of lions or of gossips and critics by argument, but by de"Inonstra- tion." The observance of the World Day of Prayer in Febru- ary, 1932, was a great demon- stration of the growing world afenldlowinshisphairningfaigthoo, dinnepwrsa,year~ WORLD DAY OF PRAYER MEETING AT WEIHSIEN, SHANTUNG well as earthly goods. the new day. February the Rico opened its doors that stu- "But the time is coming, it dents of any faith might unite has come already, when the real twelfth had been announced as with the Christian women of worshippers will worship the the Women's Day of Prayer in the world on this, their Day of Father in Spirit and in reality; Prayer. The program had been for these are the worshippers the vernacular mission paper. prepared by India and Old Mexthat the Father wants. God is It was an unheard of thing that ico. And Spanish voices bathed Spirit, and his worshippers must women should conduct prayer the shores of heaven with wave worship Him in Spirit and in meetings on their own initia- after wave of prayer for China; reality." (John 4 :23-24 Moffatt tive. In some cases, the native for the Disarmament Confer- Translation. ) ministers conducted the meet- ence now in session; for ex- ings. In one village the young ploited peoples; for cleansing Both the spirit and the real- men prepared refreshments for from all race prejudice; and for ity of the services held around the women-a strange reversal Christians everywhere 'that the world last February are of the usual order of things. . . they all may be one.' Every day evident in the nigh two thou- The Fijian women had a soul brings us closer. United, by sea sand reports received at the stirring time. They all felt that and cable, by radio aRd air; and Council headquarters. We know a new day had dawned for the now today it is by the mystery that many groups did not re- women of Fiji"-thus word of prayer. No use pretendingport to us. One scarcely knows came from Daviulevu, Fiji. our world has changed, and we how best to select from the in- pray for a cosmic consciousspiring accounts in order to And from Rio Piedras, Puer- ness; for Christian love infinite give a clear picture of the ex- to Rico, came the message now enough to keep up with the tent and significance of the ob- . echoing round the world, "Love aeroplane and the radio." servance of the Day of Prayer. from these palmy isles to the women of the world. It is only In Other Lands The Isles of the Sea on paper that we are divided. In the Belgian Congo, Wil- T.hi.s tropic sea must no longer dIvIde us. It must unite us with the ends of the earth. Today, "The day-line runs right February 12, 1932, a church helma J aggard, the missionary through Fiji; so we begin near the University of Puerto was called to the meeting for [612 ]

1932J BULLETIN OF COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

prayer and praise at 5 :00 A.M., "over the combination of prayer money we told them to bring "although we had announced and food" planned for the same anything they had and we the meeting for the time when day. Many were the opinions would buy it from them. So the break of day awakens the pro and con, but the results they came with baskets of corn, birds which we hear sing usual- justified the combination. "The beans, corn meal, eggs, chick- ly at 5 :20 A.M. I found the women gathered at half-past ens, and a few brought money.

church well filled with men, ten at our house," wrote the We had several baskets and women, boys, and girls; and missionary. "There was a spirit boxes to hold these things but they lingered until 6 :30 in of deep concentration in the soon had to send out for sacks. prayer and worshipful hymns. meeting that day; the prayers When we had counted and There were 438 at the meeting were earnest and clearly measured everything we found and they went forth to invite thought out. One stranger gave they had brought gifts worth their friends to another prayer a remarkable testimony con- just ten dollars. Now I know service at the regular meeting cerning her conversion by one that ten dollars from a group of the Christian Endeavor at of the women of our little of two hundred and sixty wom- prayer group. She made us en does not seem much to you at 7 :00 P.M." In Persia, Rabi Lucy Shabag, realize the comfort of a religion home, but when you consider the wife of the Assyrian pas- that the weekly Sunday offering tor, was "the moving spirit in of about 500 people scarcely Kermanshah's first observance averages one dollar you can see of the Day of Prayer. Years how well they did do. During the ago when she was a school girl three services, two in the morn- in West Persia, one of the mis- ing and one in the afternoon, sionaries had arranged a local seventy-four prayers were of- day of prayer. Rabi Lucy never fered. During the first service forgot it, and the idea of a the women were rather hesitant World Day of Prayer thrilled about praying."

her. There were well over a hundred women at both the In Canada and at Home morning and afternoon services FIJIAN WOMEN GOING TO WORLD DAY "In Canada this year it is which she planned. At the close OF PRAYER MEETING certain that very many more of the services several women communities participated than asked that a kind of 'cottage of love. 'We are happy until ever before, and here and there prayer meeting' be arranged now thinking about it,' they say throughout Canada little groups where women living on one of isolated women, five or ten in street would meet weekly in number, met in homes, and here to me each Sunday." and there one woman followed From Angola, Portuguese the program through quite West Africa, we learn that the alone. This year with a program program "Hold F a s t in specially adapted for their use, Prayer" was translated into the scores of young women's groups, native language, Umbundu. The Sunday school classes, and Can- women came from eleven vil- ada Girls in Training groups lages nearby, Missao de Chiles- held their meetings-all follow- so, Caundi, Andulo, Lobito, An- ing, as far as we know, all de- gola (the address given) so nominational gatherings. On the that "the women could make Indian Reserve, Manitoba, men WORLD DAY OF PRAYER GROUP AT the trip and return home again came as well as women. The AI.EPPO. SYRIA the same day. Another year we prayer for peace rests too in the different homes 'to learn to shall give a general invitation heart of the Red Man." pray'." When the report was to all of our outstation women," The offerings have been more written such meetings had al- wrote Mrs. D. V. WaIn. She generous than ever-Christian ready been held. One is remind- continues in the same letter, literature for non-Christian ed of the disciples' request, "We were pleased with an at- lands was particularly cared "Lord, teach us to pray." What tendance of two hundred and for. The report says that there miracles might be achieved if sixty-one women and girls-the was "especial joy in the amount wherever Christians meet on youngest was a week-old baby. we were able to give to China, the Day of Prayer, they would He came on his mother's back since the loss in manuscript and resolve to continue steadfast just the same as his older and . equipment of the Commercial and grow in their prayer life. livelier cousins. We told the Press there, due to the recent From Aleppo, Syria, comes a women that an offering would military activities, has been incharming story that one of the be taken but knowing how diffi- calculable." The Kingdom of church elders shook his head cult it is for them to get any God Movement in Japan, and

Japanese Christian literature ings-one held by the young for so long that pea~e should were likewise cared for. people, one by women, and one come to the world and that In the U. S. A., cities and by the Negro Christians. In Japan be one of the nations to help establish peace, that we towns in forty-four states, Ha- Winnebago, Nebraska, Indian have no peace." waii, the Philippines, and the and white women met the sec- When in December, Mrs. C. District of Columbia, considered C. Chen of Shanghai, sent to ond year for meditation, praise, the American Committee for what it means to "Hold Fast in the World Day of Prayer the and prayer. "A small group as program which she had pre- Prayer." A student in the Ag- pared for us all to use in 1933, compared with meetings held in she wrote, "It is a very simple ricultural College, Laguna, P. I., program. The prayers are my where sixty college boys united larger places, but the spirit of own daily ones . . . China is in trouble. The troubles come one in the service of meditation and devotion, the earnestness of the after another. There is potent prayer, said that he appreciated power, intelligence, and energy being the one to offer the prayers, the sense of standing in the Chinese, but at present it prayer for "the churches in does not seem that we are using America." Some one from Uni- in the very presence of God it in the right way. I believe it versity City, .Missouri, gave as is due to the fact that we have her impression after the meet- were indeed great." American not enough Christ-like men and ing there, that "six hundred women to handle the present women in silent prayer gives Indian women ,prayed for wom- situation. Pray for us." spiritual power to each one present beyond words to meas- en in India, China, Japan, Af- ANNE SEESHOLTZ. ure." One place in North Carolina reported that "All the rica, and they knew that women NOT ONE DAY ONLY women of our town five miles away united in the service." in other countries were praying Not alone by word of mouth, "The Salvation Army attended dear Lord, this year," was the news from for-all one in Christ Jesus. a town in New York. From a Would I give thanks today- Kentucky town we hear "of the "So we were quite interna- My brothers and my sisters great difficulty beginning the Day of Prayer four years ago tional, interraCial, and interde- walk with me Along the broad highway; and today (1932) it is well es- nominational," was the concludtablished on a high plane." Ac- They are thy children also, cording to our records Penn- ing statement in the account of sylvania led with reports from union services in Philadelphia i n w h i c h "Episcopalians, Friends, Mennonites, Naza- renes, members of the Church of our Brethren, Lutherans, Presbyterians, Methodists, Bap- tists, and members of the Re- formed Church joined in wor- ship. There were also some for- eign-language churches partici- pating." . .

The Next Observance 380 places; New York, 201; Il- In preparing for the observ- Lord, and I linois, 138; Ohio, 128; and so on ance of the annual World Day Cannot be clothed and fed, with a total of 1,836 places at of Prayer March 3, 1933, it is Then kneel apart to thank thee the last counting. Some states well for Christians everywhere while they go sent in fewer reports this last to remember our Lord's com- Their way uncomforted. year. Whether or not this means a lapse in observing the mand that we love one another I cannot thank thee only with my mouth, day, is not certain. The fact even as He loved us. In the Far East, Christians are troubled My heart and hands must that February 12th was a na- share· tional holiday and also that in because their governments are some parts of the country bliz- In service, and thus prove my hostile to each other. Last Feb- ruary in Tokyo, Japanese wom- gratitude zards and wind storms made en planned for morning and For thy great love and care. roads impassable may have re- afternoon sessions. A missionduced the number. However, women from Iowa, Nebraska, ary writes, "Coming together I would be kind-for there is so as they did not long after the much need and the Dakotas wrote that outbreak of the Shanghai Of kindness every day; when the weather made impos- trouble I was interested in the I would be wise-Oh, wiser sible going to town to the Union women's reactions to that ques- than I am; Services, they observed the day tion and the Manchurian one. Lord, make me wise, I pray. in their homes. "We shall not They faced the issue squarely expect a blizzard as late as and devoted a good part of the Not alone by word of mouth, March third," was written dear Lord, hopefully from North Dakota. morning to talks about it, and a long prayer service." One Jap- American men and women, anese woman said in a personal But that I too shall give, Not only on this one day set young and old, and children as conversation, "I can't sleep at apart, . well, kept the first Friday in night thinking of the whole Lent for prayer together. Ter- matter, and wondering why But every day I live. -Grace Noll Crowell. rill, Texas, reported three meet- when so many of us have prayed

AMERICA that Bolivian rights have been St. Paul's Cathedral fdr

Destruction in Puerto Rico violated, and her forts attacked. Church in India.

For the second time in four The war fever has run high in This outreach of Christian years Puerto Rico has heen visited by an intense tropical hur- both states. Forces are mobil- friendship, amid international ricane. The storm of September 26 this year wrought its worst ized and ardent youths demand- suspicion, carries with it the destruction in the populous districts of the island surrounding ed arms that they may rush to promise of fresh hope and love the capital, San Juan. The Roman Catholic Missions suffered the defense of their country's to the churches and through severely and the Presbyterian and other evangelical missions honor. The United States united them to the peoples of India. doing work in the eastern and northeastern part of the island with four South American gov- The following compose the miswill require funds for relief and for extensive repairs to their ernments in asking Bolivia (1) sion: property. Every mission is making an effort to respond to the for a suspension of hostilities The Right Rev. J. S. C. Banappeal of Governor Beverley for aid. Over two hundred peo- and (2) for immediate negotia- nerji, B.A., Assistant Bishop of ple are reported killed, one thousand injured, fifty thousand tion with Paraguay for the sub- Lahore (leader); the Rev. A. or more homeless, acres of coffee trees ruined and many mission of the controversy for RaIla Ram, B.A., Secretary of sugar plantations destroyed. The island was just recovering settlement by arbitration. Later the Student Christian Associafrom the effects of the storm of 1928. This coffee crop which nineteen American states united tion of India and a leader in the was just ready for harvest is ruined. Dr. W. R. Galbreath of in a similar protest, but peace United Church of Northern Inthe Presbyterian Hospital at San Juan reports serious dam- has not yet been established. dia; Daw Nyein Tha, B.A., age to the nurses' and doctors' residences. Japanese in Brazil Headmistress of the Morton Lane Girls' High School, Moul- The Chaco Conflict Scattered over the coffee plan- mein, Burma, and one of the Bolivia is a small country and tations of Sao Paulo are two leaders of the evangelistic Paraguay even smaller, the one hundred or more colonies of movement recently carried on with about 3,000,000 inhabit- Japanese, ranging from small by students in India and Burants and the other less than a groups of only a few families ma; and Mr. A. M. Varki, M.A., million. A dispute between to large settlements of a thou- LL.B., Principal of the Union them over the sovereignty of sand families, and aggregating Christian College, Alwaye, Trathe rich, undeveloped Chaco 25,000 families. In 1923, Rev. vancore, the only Christian colarea became so bitter that other J. Yasoji Ito, Episcopal mis- lege in India founded. controlled governments laid restraining sionary, undertook single-hand- and directed by Indian Chrishands upon the contestants, and ed to evangelize these colonists tians. put the world's peace machinery to a test. Paraguay's protest is and since then friends and helpsimilar to that of China against ers have come to his assistance. British Church Cooperation Japan in the Manchurian case, and the attitude of Bolivia is His present parish is seven hun- At the recent General Assemnot unlike Japan's. She claims dred miles long and extends bly of the Church of Scotland, that Paraguay is the aggressor, from Iguape, south of Santos, held in Edinburgh, the Arch- through Sao Paulo, and five bishop of Canterbury came to hundred miles west. To reach support the renewed invitation the twenty stations, where the addressed by him as president Gospel is now preached, takes of the Lambeth Conference to one month by train, steamer, the Church of Scotland to enter horseback, wagon and afoot. into unrestricted conference. These stations have 507 bap- The purpose of the conference tized members. Two churches is not immediate union, but is have been built and ten mission to map out a way by which that stations established. may ultimately be reached. The Archbishop maintained that EUROPE there is no such value in mere Mission of Fellowship identity of government as would make it worth while to face the Four Indian missioners have difficulties of history, law, char- arrived in Great Britain to un-· acter and of sentiment; and dertake a work of creating fel- there is no reason why the two lowship. The visit will conclude ecclesiastical bodies should not with a thanksgiving service in continue to be autonomous. The [615 ]

ideal which he held up is that Tent Evangelism in Saxony When I got to a group of people each can come into full commu- on the street corner I was stopped and nion with the other, enjoying Returning from 'Saxony, Dr. questioned. They were greatly interan unrestricted inter-commu- R. E. Diffendorfer brings an ac- ested in the message I gave, especially nion among their members and count of the tent campaign car- the Jews. They asked whether I could an unrestricted fellowship of ried on by Dr. Martin Funk give them some of my literature or their ministers. last summer in German cities. even the Book that I held in my hands He pitched his tent on the out- and preached from. Visit to Spain and Portugal skirts of industrial cities and preached Jesus Christ to people There was an old Jew, like a pa- Mr. and Mrs. Ralph C. Nor- more familiar with the Gospel triarch, so I gave him that Testament ton, of the Belgian Gospel Mis- according to Marx. Communists of four Gospels. Then trouble arose. sion, recently visited Spain and came to heckle and debate, and They began to argue and started to Portugal to look into religious throngs came to listen and fight. I left them in a warlike conconditions there. They write sometimes stayed to pray. Herr dition because everyone of them that the British and Foreign Funk gave communist spokes- would like to have a Book of God and Bible Society has been at work men a fair field and has won to search in it for the true Messiah, in Portugal for almost a cen- some great battles in this hand- our Lord Jesus Christ. tury; as a result, converts, go- to-hand fighting. ing to South America, have In the Balkans formed strong churches there. Children Journey to Russia The largest church in Portugal, A new missionary situation numerically, is the Anglican; The Evangelische Pressedi- has arisen in the Balkans. Three the largest congregation is the enst says in the August issue million Moslems in Albania, Presbyterian in Lisbon. The that the communist press is Yugoslavia, Rumania, Greece Brethren have work in 18 cen- again mobilizing the "mass of and Bulgaria, are open as never ters. A significant prison work all proletarian" for the journey before to Christian influencesis conducted in Lisbon and of a delegation into the "prom- especially in Albania. As the Coimbra. There .are approxi- ised land of the Soviet Union." Turks are repudiating Islam, mately 15,000 Protestant adher- This time 175 German children and reviving the traditions of ents in Portugal and her depen- will journey to Russia for a two their pre-Islamic Tatar and Tudencies, Madiera, the Azores months sojourn in "the only ranian civilization, so the Baland Cape Verde; and about land that knows no crisis, in kan peoples are harking back to 3,200 communicants. which there is no unemploy- the i r Christian civilization ment and in which the exploita- which Islam submerged in the In Spain, beside the British tion of children and need is un- early fifteenth century. The and Foreign Bible Society and known." The delegation of chil- Christian missionary would find several independent organiza- dren will be quartered in insti- a desire for teaching which has tions, the leading evengelical tutions where they will live to- been hitherto unknown. Albania groups are the Igelsia Espanola gether with the "liberated chil- wants her children educated, Reformada (Episcopal), the dren of the proletarians." More her women uplifted. Albanian Brethren, several independent than this they will hardly see, women are held in unusual Baptist churches, the Iglesias because a glimpse of the great honor, so that a woman's es- Bautistas, and the Iglesia Evan- sections of misery in the cities cort in the Albanian hills is gelica Espanola, the latter a in which there are yet children more effective to a traveler than federation of Presbyterians, dying by the thousands, would a troop of soldiers. Congregationalists, Lutherans probably work harm to the suand Methodists. Despite the perficial exhibition of the Soviet -World Evangelization. faithful work of all these agen- paradise. cies today there are only from AFRICA five to ten thousand evangelical A City Without Bibles believers in the land out of a Personal Evangelism in population of 23,000,000. Malech, a city in Poland . Cameroun Statistics for Italy about 45 miles from the nearest The students of Dager (Pres- byterian) Bible Seminary of The 1931 census for Italy mission station, has neither West Africa, Cameroun, spent gives 82,500 Protestants in ad- their month's vacation in doing dition to the Waldensians. They Bible nor Christian literature of personal evangelism in the nearembrace Methodists, Baptists, by villages. At a meeting held Adventists and Salvation Army. any kind. A small, Russian to hear reports on this work The Roman Catholic church many interesting stories were registers 41,060,963 members; Greek Orthodox Church has recounted. One worker was while 17,493 declared they were driven from a house by a without religious affiliation. been closed for three years; a heathen with a cutlass in his hand. In one district the peo- Hebrew synagogue may be ple said that they would be saved if the Catholic Father found with a handful of old permitted; the reason they be- came Catholics was because the people in it. A Christian work- etor~aJtaionn Wladysuk, tells in Res- Herald of a visit to this city.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Father allowed them to keep all for the past few months, and istered here, all the helpers and their fetiches and gave them all showed a deep desire to· be- loving givers. Knowing that a building and equipsome of his besides. come Christians. Most of these ment of itself is lifeless and unable The men brought a collection evidence genuine sincerity. This to aid any sufferer, of fetiches and medallions brings the number of accessions We now dedicate ourselves to be the which were surrendered by for the year to ninety or more." humble servants of those who come here in pain and need and seeking those who confessed. When re- Madagascar Slave Girl health, and thus, ports were all in it was discov- We dedicate ourselves to the service of ered that eleven hundred and Fifty years ago a Malagasy God in this place. five had confessed Christ as a woman bought a slave girl in result of this house to house Madagascar. In her loneliness New Work in Mesopotamia evangelism. the little slave found comfort in Iraq has recently been admit- -Harry C. Neely, reading her Testament. Then ted to the League of Nations- her mistress began studying un- a great step forward for the Lolodorf Cameroun.

Missions in Portuguese der her slave and learned to ancient land made famous by Territory read. She invited others to join Nineveh, Babylon, Ur and her and thus seed was sown. Baghdad. Portuguese East Africa has Realizing her need for help A new station has also been an area of 770,000 square miles and counsel, the mistress set out opened in the heart of Mesopoand a population of some 3,500,- upon a long journey of two or tamia, at Dier-ez-zore, on the 000. The northern two-thirds of three. weeks to the capital, Euphrates River and has been this area is practically un- where she sought the aid of the touched by Protestant missions, London Missionary Society. The thoroughly equipped with a hosand only two of its seven dis- next year a missionary went to pital and residences for what is tricts is adequately staffed. The make a survey and as a result a expected to be a great work six societies at work have a church was formed and a build- among the Bedouin of the des- Christian community of 17,290. ing erected. The missionaries ert. This work is conducted un- Difficult, though not impossible, died, but still the ex-slave der the auspices of the United conditions are laid down by the owner-she had freed all her Mission of Mesopotamia.

government. In the main these slaves-carried on and the Confession in Persia are: church grew. Now the London A recent letter received by the Church Missionary Society 1. All missionaries must have a Missionary Society has decided good knowledge of the Portuguese lan- to send a missionary to open a guage. station in this district. There from Persia shows what follow- 2. All schools and out-schools must will then be a church, a mission ing Christ means to men and be built of brick and must be in house and a missionary as the women in that country and charge of a native who has passed the result of the faithful witness of their fearlessness in face of second grade government standard. 3. No teaching in schools is allowed the little southern slave-girl and persecution. One man employed in any vernacular language, but it in a government office was must be wholly in the Porteguese lan- her Malagasy New Testament. transferred to another town in guage. WESTERN ASIA the hope that, away from Chris- 4. Churches and places of worship New Hospital at Talas tian influence, he would cease to need not be built of brick, though schools must be. preach; instead he is a fearless 5. The use of Bibles, etc., in the na- A new hospital of the Ameri- missionary. Another Christian tive languages is allowed in churches can Board at Talas, Asia Minor, employed in that some office and for worship. was imprisoned, but he took the 6. There shall be an absolute pro- was dedicated May 22. It was a opportunity of preaching to his hibition of reading and writing in the guards and fellow prisoners, native language. girls' school building, remodeled for hospital use. It has been and was released and trans- Many Baptized at Tunda running at full capacity with 24 ferred to the capital. Two men beds. The hospital was dedi- were thrown out of work. The E. H. Lovell, Methodist mis- cated in the following words: sionary at Tunda, Belgian Con- wife of one man was beaten in go, writes in the World Outlook To the glory of God, our Father, by the street and fell unconscious; (Nashville) : whose favor this hospital has been built; another woman was forbidden "On Sunday, December 20, a by her husband to read the To the honor of Jesus, the Great Phyvery large class was received into the church by baptism, sev- sician, whose living spirit caused Bible to the servants at home!

the erection of this hospital; enty in number. There were To the praise of the Spirit of God, INDIA twenty-five schoolboys, eighteen Christian Census Figures women and twenty-seven work- the source of life and light; men in this class. Of special in- For the healing of suffering . . .

For the children who suffer in inno-. cence, the mothers who so often terest was the baptism of eight suffer needlessly, the manhood of Census Tables for 1931, published by the husbands and wives together. the land, for the rich and the poor. Government of India Gazette, include Euro- These have been on probation peans and Anglo-Indians but not Burma. In grateful remembrance of all the Christians include Protestants, Armenians. doctors and nurses who have min· Greeks, Syrians and Roman Catholics.

Provinces Population Christians the cow; Moslems ceremonially of these schools have been held slaughter a cow at one of their with a total enrolment of 5,000 India's Total ………. 350,353,678 5,962,(89 great religious festivals. Hin- or 6,000 each winter. Thus, 3,531,702 dus love music and song when during a period of eight years (I) British India……. 271,273,107 they are at worship; Moslems nearly 40,000 have been en- 6,947 demand an austere silence for rolled. There are probably few Ajmere Marwara …… 560,292 1,461 the chanting of the Koran. It areas in China where greater 202,586 is the difference between the membership gains have been re- Andamans and Nicobars 29,463 8,044 jungle and the desert, between corded in recent years. Nearly 180,572 an elaborately organized society all these new members are Assam …………….. 8,622,251 341,710 and a simple brotherhood. From young and from progressive every point of view there is families. Baluchistan … . . . . . . . . 463,508 317,042 conflict. Chinese Evangelism Bengal ……………. 50,122,550 50,584 -Dnyanodaya. 3,450 The Executive Committee of Bihar and Orissa …. 37,676,576 Madura College Jubilee the National Christian Council 16,989 has issued a statement of the Bombay (including Sind 1,770,328 The American College at general objectives of the Five- Madura, founded by the Ameri- Year Movement as adopted in and Aden) ………. 21,854,841 12,213 can Board of Commissioners, 1929, followed by four objec- 414,788 has completed its first fifty tives to be aimed at by local Central Provinces & 205,009 years. It is now affiliated with churches during the next two the University of Madras. A or three years. These are the Berar …………•.. 15,507,723 2,430,786 scheme of extension and re- following: 46,660 search in the socio-economic Coorg …………..•.. 163,327 15 field, in cooperation with the 1. An individual approach 7,262 other missionary colleges of the to every church member in or- Delhi …………….. 636,246 2,768 south, gives this college a com- der to enlist groups for Bible 74,613 manding position. The vice- study, prayer, some form of Madras ……………. 46,575,670 16,011 chancellor of the University of church and community service, 10,476 Madras who is a Hindu paid a and evangelism. N. W. F. Province •.. 2,425,076 51,701 tribute to the work done by 1,198 Christian colleges. He referred 2. The establishment in each Punjab ……………. 23,580,852 to the apprehension existing in church of groups to train for 151,946 some quarters that nationalist parenthood and for leadership, United Provinces ….. 48,408,763 India might not look with kind- and to teach illiterates and en- 2,177 ly eyes on Christian missions, quirers; a Iso well-organized (II) Indian States and 334,870 and said that "educated India Sunday schools with work dur- Agencies ………… 79,080,571 1,604,475 would never permit the de- ing the week. struction of the great mission- Assam States ……… 625,606 19,466 ary institutions, which are 3. The encouragement of 87,538 among the most valuable edu- family worship in Christian Baluchistan State ..•.. 405,109 cational and moral assets of homes, the nurture of children 4,286 this country." in Christian ideals and the win- Baroda State ………. 2,443,007 4,565 ning of non-Christian members 5,778 CHINA of the family. Bengal States ……… 973,316 2,890 1,396 For a Literate Church 4. The observance of the Bihar and Orissa States 4,651,076 great Christian festivals and There is an inclination to seasons, and also of appropri- Bombay States …….. 4,468,343 make literacy a requirement for ate Chinese customs, to. which church membership, at least in end a church calendar for 1933 Central India Agency.. 6,615,120 the case of those between the is in preparation. ages of 15 and 25. Ten years Central Provinces States 2,483,240 ago Dr. James Yen organized Dr. Stanley Jones is now in a literacy campaign through China, conducting special evan- Gwalior State ……… 3,523,070 the use of the thousand char- gelistic meetings in ten centres acter system. For more than between August 16th and De- Hyderabad State …… 14,437,541 e i g h t years the American cember 15th. BO;1rd, through thirty evangel- Jammu and Kashmir ists in fourteen districts, has Missions in Manchuria States …………. .. 3,646,244 maintained village schools for Cochin State ……… . 1,205,016 which villagers provide places The Christian Century pub- Travancore State ….. . 5,095,973 and the pupils their own text- lishes a report concerning J ap- Other Madras States.. . 453,495 books. anese interference with Chris- Mysore State ……… . 6,557,302 tian activity in Manchuria. Each year from 150 to 200 N. W. Frontier Prov- Inevitably all Chinese organiza- tions, Christian as well as non-Chrisince …………….. 46,451 tian, are eyed with great suspicion. Any organization which appears to Punjab States ……… 4,910,005 Rajputana Agency …. 11,225,712 United Provinces States 1,206,070 Western States Agency 3,999,250 Immorality Entrenched The United Provinces Legislative Council has rejected a bill which sought to check "immoral traffic." The Government remained neutral when the final vote was taken and this made possible the rejection of the bilI by Indian members. Supporters of the bill criticized the Government and non-official votes might have carried the measure, but a majority of the Council did not wish to interfere in the present practices and customs that prevail in the United Provinces. It was evident that many of the members have no concern regarding the evil.

-Indian Witness.

Hindu-Moslem Differences A former resident of India, writing in the Manchester Guardian, declares that the differences between Hindus and Moslems are India's most critical problem. Their social and religious customs are antithetic; their good qualities as well as their bad are exactly opposite, and because each is too virile to accept a secondary position both are aggressive and afraid of the other. Hindus venerate

oppose the new regime will be of favorably granting your request. the Christian faith his son- crushed. Christian visitors to Man- This decision of principle does not who during an illness had been churia find themselves subjected to in- hinder the Cambodian Government studying Christianity. A minute quiry as to the purpose of their visit. and the French Protectorate tolerat- examination of the young man Some Christian organizations find ing until a new order those of your revealed genuine understanding conditions quite depressing. Detec- establishments which exist at the mo- of the step, so that Mr. Nishi- tives sometimes attend religious meet- ment, on condition that they are for- mura baptized him-in the tem- ings, and sit in on Bible classes. Sys- bidden all extension, all creation of ple and in the presence of the tematic searches by Japanese of new chapels, and all active proselytiz- priest.-The Omi Mustard Seed. Christian buildings are the order of ing among the Cambodian populathe day. tion." Buddhists Study Christianity Japanese Christian organizations JAPAN-CHOSEN Fukui, on the west coast, has have been trying to initiate coopera- been called "Back Japan." The tive undertakings with Chinese groups Some Recent Changes people are conservative; educa- in Manchuria. In both Japan and tion has been backward and it Manchuria funds are being raised to The Tokyo Trans-Pacific, an is a stronghold of Buddhism. assist Christian work and relieve dis- American-owned weekly, points In a population of 60,000 there tress, Chinese as well as Japanese be- to three typical Japanese in- are over 600 temples and a ing designated as beneficiaries. stitutions which appear des- large monastery just outside of tined to extinction. the city. Many years of pains- Gospel Work in Tibet taking work have been required They are the Yoshiwara, the to establish Christian w 0 r k A worker for the Scripture world-famous licensed quarter there. It is especially difficult Gift Mission writes from the of Tokyo; the Geisha, who is to find a point of contact with Tibetan border: "The people rapidly being displaced by the working girls, because they are listened attentively to Gos'pel waitress and dancing-girl; and so burdened with heavy schedstories, and often we found a the Kabuki drama, popular for ules in the silk factories. crowd reluctant to disband. In over three centuries, which is one village at the foot of the giving way to modern plays. But one feature of the situafamous 'Panch Chuli' some two tion is hopeful. Bud d his t hundred collected into a small All three have lost much of priests are less antagonistic and open space and asked each of their appeal and fascination for have stopped criticizing Chrisus to speak twice calling for the public, and particularly for tianity before their congregasong after song. We took a the youth of Japan. tions. They even asked to quantity of Scripture portions, study Christianity, and for a and thought we had enough for The disappearance of the Yoshi- year and a half the Rev. Matsuthe entire tour; but these were wara will automatically rid Japan of taro Okajima had a Bible class all gone before the tour was one of those institutions which, from for twenty-five Bud d his t half finished. Some wealthy the foreign viewpoint, has cast a stig- priests. Buddhism fails to Tibetan traders had come twen- ma on Japan's moral reputation. The meet the "dangerous thought" ty days' journey with 7,000 existence of a segregated licensed which Japan sees coming into Tibetan sheep to trade wool for quarter, the inmates of which were its ports from Russia.-Spirit Indian products. These said frequently sold into slavery, has long of Missions. that they had never seen a been condemned in the light of Westwhite face before.-Evangelical ern standards, and its elimination has Pertinent Facts About Korea Christian. been the object of an insistent mis- sionary campaign. Korea has had Buddhism for Anti-Missionary Edict in ages. Christianity came less Cambodia The closing of the Yoshiwara in than fifty years ago. Of Ko- Tokyo does not end the system, but it rea's twenty millions, less than In French Indo-China doors is likely that an institution which is four persons in every hundred have been shut repeatedly in unable to survive in the capital will can be counted as in any way the past to Protestant missions not long linger in other cities of the affiliated with the Christian but have been opened again Empire. Church. And yet the head of only after persistent prayer and the department of religions of patient effort. A recent obsta- Encouragement at Omi the government-general recentcle appears discouraging. Gor- ly told us that Christianity don H. Smith writes of this in Surprising things happen in operated 82 per cent of the World Dominion.: Omi every now and then. Re- church schools, 90 per cent of cently two events occurred that the Sunday schools, 87 per cent Since 1922 the Christian and Mis- bespeak bet t e r tolerance be- of the places of religious wor-' sionary Alliance has been tolerated in tween Buddhism and Christi- ship, and enrolls 85 per cent Cambodia, with much persecution and anity. One was the visit to of all the religious workers. restriction. Two years ago it was de- Omi Mission (Omi-Hachiman) creed that all foreign missionaries of a group of eleven Buddhist Christianity preserved and must be authorized by the govern- Sunday school teachers, seeking made popular the native Korean ment. Accordingly, request was made, improved methods of w 0 r k and the answer, translated, reads in among children. The second part as follows: was the request to Mr. S., Nishimura, of the Kat a t a "The Cambodian Government has Branch of the Mission, by the esteemed, after a minute examination Buddhist priest of a neighborof the question, that there was no way ing temple, that he baptize into

script which the old type schol- ed of roast chicken, pigs and native class drove thirty-five miles. At ars looked upon as too easy for wine. The main item on the altar was Carson City a confirmation a learned man. Christianity a pig's head. After most of this had class of 28 included 14 Indians. brought to Korea the first been eaten and only the skull re- -Churchman. school for girls, and at present mained, the priest swung the basket maintains the only college for with the "sacred head" slowly around Denominationalism girls. Christianity established the altar, howling prayers to the spirthe first modern school for boys its. This performance continued until Over against the wasteful use in Korea. Christianity has Sunday, with the worshipers intoxi- of energy and funds in small made it possible for the women cated, quarreling and howling. towns, where seven or more of of Korea to be freed from the the 191 denominations in the prison of the inner yard of the On Sunday morning quite a differ- United States struggle to surhome. Christianity is leading ent kind of service was held, conduct- vive, is the fact that no one in the fight against the evils of ed by the missionary, when the people state has all of the 191 denomidrink, social vice, intemperance. were directed to worship the one and nations. Illinois comes nearest only true God. After praying, singing with 144. New York lags, with "Pioneer Program" for Children and reading the Word, they gathered only 122. Nevada has only 15. in groups to study portions of the Less than half of all the bodies Dr. McCune and the Rev. Bible. listed have as many as a total Francis Kinsler are working to- of 10,000 members. Forty-five gether to interest "older youth" NORTH AMERICA have less than one thousand in winning children who have each. In general, the large dehad no chance to know God's Erasing the Color Line nominations are growing larger Word. After three years there and the small are growing are hundreds of such boys and The General Conference of smaller. Community churches girls meeting daily under the the Methodist Episcopal Church are increasing rapidly and leadership of college students. passed the following significant there are now more than 2,000 The "Pioneer Program" is used, resolution by an overwhelming in the United States.-Presbybased on Luke II :52, "Jesus in- majority: terian Advance. creased in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and Whereas: "There cannot be Greek Nez Perces' Centennial man"; in the effort to develop and Jew, circumcision and uncircumthese children into a fourfold cision; barbarian, Scythian, bondman, Christian Nez Perc;es Indians Christian 1i f e : intellectual, freeman, but Christ is all and in all"; are this year planning an apphysical, social and spiritual. therefore, propriate celebration of the one At first much time was given hundred years since four Nez to primary instruction. Gov- Be it resolved: That the General Perc;es journeyed overland from ernment authorities, seeing the Conference of the Methodist Episcopal the Kamiah Valley in northern numbers grow to thousands, Church shall hereafter meet only in Idaho to St. Louis in search of made it impossible to continue. cities where hotels, sufficient in num- the "white man's Book of It was then decided to call all ber to accommodate its delegates, Heaven." They now number these gatherings "Children's shall in writing agree to meet the fol- about 1,400. About two-thirds Bible Schools." Textbooks in lowing conditions: of the tribe are Protestant reading, history, geography, Christians, or nominally so, etc., are now being compiled (1) No segregation of specific most of them being Presbyterifrom the Bible itself. groups in room assignments. ans. The other third are either Roman Catholics or heathen.- ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC (2) No discrimination against any Presbyterian Advance. delegates in the use of hotel entrances, Savage Tribes Hear the Gospel lobbies, elevators, dining rooms and New Japanese Church other hotel services or facilities. Henry DeVries writes in the The new building of the First Moody Monthly of pioneering (3) Specific instruction of hotel Japanese Baptist Church and the southern islands of the Phil- employees by the hotel authorities re- Japanese Chris~ian center, Sacippines. Thousands of natives garding the interracial character of ramento, California, was dediare scattered along the river the conference and the treatment of cated on July 10. More than 500 Giqua. The missionary gath- all delegates with equal courtesy. Japanese, Chinese, Russians ers them in groups for meet- and Negroes attended the servings which last all day, and the Federal Council Bulletin. ice. The property is valued at audience is constantly changing. $50 000, and is recognized as Parish of 46,000 Square Miles one' of the finest Christian cen- At one place we witnessed a pagan ter buildings of America. There service, lasting three days. The wor- In Nevada, Elko County par- are 8,000 Japanese in Sacrashipers built an altar in the center, ish is about 200 miles long one mento.-Watchman-E xaminer. decorating it with ferns and flowers. way and 230 the other, with a Their offerings to the spirits consist- popUlation of 9,000. Cattle and sheep raising and mining are the chief industries. Rev. Fred- erick C. Taylor, in charge of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, visits Wells, Clover Valley, and other points, involving motor trips of 150 to nearly 300 miles. Last winter the roads were blocked from December 1st until late in March. At Winnemucca four people came fifty miles for their confirma- tion. At Lovelock three of the

Missionary

Recent Boo~s Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~,======================-,~, The Republic of Brazil-A Survey of political power, has such a num- their problems and their unique the Religious Situation. Nine maps, erous following. He is a force Nationalist leader. His book is seven charts, eleven illustrations. to be reckoned with, not only described as the "story of an By Erasmo Braga and Kenneth in India but in the world. It experience and an attempt to Grubb. 8vo. 184 pp. 5s. net. is the belief of the authors of weigh Eastern and Western World Dominion Press. London. this book that he and the move- ideals, as well as spiritual wea- 1932. ment which he incarnates are pons and machine guns, in the not adequately understood in scale of practicability." Brazil is twice the size of Europe and America, and they India but with only about one- have endeavored to interpret Many will not agree with Dr. ninth the population of that him a.nd the Indian mind to Fisher in his estimate of Mr. great peninsula. The white in- Western readers. They are Gandhi and his philosophy but habitants number 51 per cent, members of a brotherhood the remainder being Negro, In- known as Christa Seva Sangha, all will be interested in his dian or mixed. There are in composed of Englishmen and story of the young Indian who Brazil immense natural re- Indians, living together accord- was educated in India and Engsources and unclaimed areas. ing to Indian customs, and land, practiced law and es- It is nominally Roman Catholic seeking to interpret the Chris- poused the cause of his fellow but its people are lacking in a tian Gospel to India in the ut- countrymen in South Africa, c I ear understanding of the most possible detachment from and returned to India to at- Christian message and life. purely European or British ele- tempt the release of his coun- ments. They are therefore try from British control and This survey is an excellent uniquely competent to discuss from everything non-Indianbrief study of the land and the their subject. The Archbishop a difficult, if not an impossible, people, the growth and influ- of York writes a Foreword in task. Dr. Fisher rightly comence of evangelical Christianity which he says that he neither mends Gandhi for his personal and the present tendencies and commends nor criticizes the self-sacrifice, his patience, modunfinished task. Six appendices contents of the book, but that deal with the statistics of evan- he commends it as a contribu- eration and opposition to armed gelical work, education and the tion to the English understand- revolution. This "fighting pacichurch. Thirty-five Protestant ing of the Indian mind, and as fist" set out to organize a peaceorganizations are at work in one that will give a truer ap- ful army to oppose "disciplined 153 stations. The ev.angeIical preciation of the Indian out- violence." He established his communicants number 135,390, look than many of us are likely Ashram at Ahmedabad in 1916 and the total adherents 702,377. to receive from either Indians and required all students who The largest evangelical com- or Englishmen who have not came there to take an eightfold munity is in Sao Paulo. The had this intimate association vow of truthfulness, non-vio- Presbyterians in Brazil number with the people of India. lence, celibacy, control of the about 30,000 and have their palate, non-stealing, non-possesown independent, self-support- A. J. BROWN. sion, swadeshi, and fearlessing church. The Baptist Mis- ness. sion (Southern Convention) re- That Strange Little Brown Manports 34,358 communicants and Gandhi. By Fred B. Fisher. Illus. Dr. Fisher recognizes that 103,074 in their Christian com- 8vo. 239 pp. $2.50. Ray Long Gandhi is still a Hindu who munities. One diagram shows and Richard Smith. New York. that less than half the organ- 1932. looks upon Christ as one of his ized churches have Brazilian ideal characters and teachers. pastors. Dr. Fisher, who was for ten He seeks to live according to years Missionary Bishop of the the Sermon on the Mount but Gandhi-The Dawn of Indian Free- Methodist Church in India, has denies the deity and atonement dom. By Jack C. Winslow and Ver- been a friend and admirer of of Jesus; he does not accept the rier Elwin. 224 pp. $1.50. Revell. Mahatma Gandhi for some fif- Son of Man as the unique reve- New York. teen years. He idealizes "the· lation of God and the Saviour Little Brown Man," but it is of men. The author seems to The eyes of the whole world worthwhile to see Dr. Fisher's think that a man can be both .are fixed on that extraordinary viewpoint of Indian peoples and Hindu and Christian. Gandhi, personality, Gandhi. Probably no other man of this genera- [621 ] on the other hand, says that he tion, without official position or is a Hindu and not a Christian.

We agree with him, though he Now he publishes some of the cient nation, tells the story of holds many things in common favorite scriptures of the Budd- his own adventurous journeys, with Christians, and though hist Zen Sect, which arose in describes unusual experiences Christians shamefully neglect to Japan early in the thirteenth in medical practice and his follow many of the teachings of century. It maintains that the contacts with the picturesque Christ and fail to live the state of enlightenment cannot monarch at dinner and at the Christ life. We can learn much be attained by external means. It coronation. He clearly reveals from Gandhi but it is difficult disregards ritual and empha- the great need for medical and to understand why a man of his sizes simplicity of life. The general health work and for ideals does not condemn the author admits that the "original giving the people the pure Gosevils of Hinduism such as are text of these Buddhist scrip- pel of Christ. The story of tures are very corrupt, disor- Blind Gidada is worth repeatfound in Siva worship. The Book has been banned by derly, and in places very ob- ing.

the Indian Government. The scure." We have, therefore, an The appendix includes a bibchapter on "Sex in India" is dis- interpretation, rather than a liography, and a suggested outappointing and we believe is er- translation. His sympathies are line for the use of the book by roneous and misleading. One not with Christianity but with mission study groups. This is worth reading is that on Buddhism, which he believes to the latest and in many respects "What's Wrong with Foreign be the most promising of all the the best and most comprehen- Missions ?" We should not be great religions. "Ch'an Budd- sive of the comparatively small too proud to learn, even from a hism in China and Korea and number of volumes on Abys- "Little Brown Man," who is a Zen in Japan, for a thousand sinia.

non-Christian and a Hindu. years, have been powerful in Charge That to My Account. By moulding the spiritual, ethical H. A. Ironside. 122 pp. 75 cents. The New Crisis in the Far East. By and cultural life of great na- Bible Institute Colportage Assn. Stanley High. 128 pp. $1. Revell. tions." Chicago. 1931. New York. The fruits of Buddhism as Twelve Gospel sermons of the The author is well known as seen in Buddhist countries to- passionate, evangelistic type ina Christian publicist, who be- day do not fulfill this promise: clude vivid word pictures which lieves that the war clouds have "By their fruits ye shall know tell the old Gospel story in a way never hung more ominously on them." that will hold the reader from the horizon in the Far East beginning to end. Dr. Ironside, than they do today. Russia has S. M. ZWEMER. the pastor of the Moody Memobeen trained for a decade and a rial Church in Chicago, sets half in the school of Soviet Na- The Rainbow Empire-Ethiopia. By forth the way of salvation in tionalism, and Japan is at pres- Stuart Bergsma. Illus. 8vo. 294 plain scriptural style. The first ent under the domination of a pp. $3. W. B. Eerdmans Pub. Co. sermon, "Charge That to My Acmilitary regime. In the back- Grand Rapids. 1932. count," is alone worth the price ground is the colossal figure of of the volume. China embittered by her harsh Abyssinia-the ancient emtreatment at the hands of the pire of Ethiopia is, in a modern H. A. ADAIR. Japanese. The book is impres- sense, still an undeveloped counsionistic and undocumented, but try. There are only fifty miles Chief Men Among the Brethren. Comfair and Christian in its view- of good road in a total of 350,- piled by Hy. Pickering. 223 pp. 000 miles of nondescript roads 3s 6d. Pickering and Inglis. Lon- and mountain and jungle high- don. 1931.

point. Mr. High's conclusion is: ways. Banking, railway, manu- The personalities back of any "In the whole category of the facture, education, medical and religious movement are always forces that are now at work in sanitary work, courts of jus- a fascinating study. One can the life of Asia, it is only tice, modern science and inven- better understand the move- Christianity that, working close tion, public utilities and im- ment if he knows those who to the people, is laying the foun- provements of all sorts are in have been most largely used in dations for those convictions their infancy. its promulgation. "Chief Men and aspirations on which per- But Abyssinia is a unique among the Brethren" introduces manent peace can be estab- and interesting country and its one hundred of the leaders of lished." people have many fine charac- the Brethren Movement in a A Buddhist Bible: The Favorite Scrip- teristics. Most of them are most interesting and instruc- tures of the Zen Sect. 316 pp. Ed- nominal Christians but know tive way. The sketches are ited, Interpreted and Published by little of Christ and less of His necessarily brief and one finds Dwight Goddard. Thetford, Ver- Way of Life. Dr. Bergsma, a himself wishing they Were longmont. medical missionary of the er and more detailed. It will The author in his earlier United Presbyterian Church, have a special appeal to books on Buddhism expressed gives us an unusually graphic Brethren, but is a worthy adthe opinion that Jesus derived picture of the land and rugged dition to any library in which his teaching regarding God and people, recounts the peculiar biography is appreciated.

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ADDRESS……•…………………. ADDRESS.: …………………… ··· Book Review New Books Presbyterian Missions Life of Charles Albert Blanchard. By An American Doctor at Work in In- Are presented in novel and very his wife, Frances Carothers Blanch- dia. Sir William J. Wanless. 200 usable form, for Missiondry Meet- ard. 8vo. 220 pp. $2.00. Revell. pp. $1.50. Revell. New York. ings, as iliustrdtions for sermons dnd tdlks, or for personal inspir- 1932. America, the Philippines and the Ori- dtion, in ent. Hilario Camino Moncado. 214 Much of the material for this pp. $2. Revell. New York. The Presbyterian volume is drawn from the diary The Book of Daily Devotion. Edited BANNER and other writings of the late by Elmer T. Clark and W. G. Cram. President of Wheaton College, 400 pp. $1.50. Cokesberry press. A Church weekly modern in so that the work is largely au- Nashville. appedrdnce, eVdngelicdl in creed, tobiographical, rather than a progressive in contents, prdcticdl discriminating estimate of his A Century of Faith. Charles L. in help to ministers, ministers' character and work. The book, White. 320 pp. Judson Press. Phila. wives dnd other dctive Church nevertheless, has unique value workers; dnd prepdred with as the record of lofty purpose, Christ Finds a Rabbi-An Autobiog- specidl regdrd for the Idymdn dnd unflinching courage, and un- raphy. George Benedict. 399 pp. the Idywoman. Published by the Author. Bethleceasing industry. hem Presbyterian Church, Phila. A Christian Companion Succeeding his father in 1882 God in the Shadows. Hugh Redwood. For the home, the study, missionas president of a small and 127 pp. $1. Revell. New York. dry meeting, young people's struggling educational institu- meeting, SunddY school, dnd hour tion, Dr. Charles Blanchard Handmaidens of the King to Foreign of fdmily dnd personal devotion, lifted it to nation-wide influence Lands. W. Thorburn Clark. 129 its mdny Pdges of "News of the and established its place as one pp. Southern Baptist Convention. Churches Everywhere," dnd its of the strong centers of Chris- Richmond, Va. Pdges of vitdl editorials, dre tian education in America. His prepdred by numerous selected early training was in the Chris- Hudson Taylor's Spiritual Secret. Dr. Correspondents dnd tian ministry and, while he may and Mrs. Howard Taylor. $1 cloth; not be numbered among the 50 cents paper. China Inland Mis- Editorial Staff great educators, his contribu- sion. London. tion to the intellectual ideals of Including Willidm H. Boddy, his time were of no mean im- The Jap,anese Invasion and China's portance. His estimate was that Defense. Edited by Wong Chi-yuen Willidm E. Brooks/ Paul Patton "Life is ninety per cent educa- and Tang Leang-Ii. 80 pp. $1. tion," so that the opportunities Shanghai. Fdris, Rdlph Cooper Hutchison, of the educational sphere chal- Hugh Thomson Kerr, John A. lenged his full devotion. Early Norah-A Girl of Grit. Beth J. MdckdY, Donald Mackenzie, in life he determined he would Coombe Harris. 318 pp. 28. 6d. Joseph R. Sizoo dnd Jdmes H. not withhold his support from Pickering & Inglis. London. Snowden. any good cause and this creed led him to affiliation with a Outriders of the King. W. Thorn- SUBSCRIPTION RATES score or more of spiritual un- burn Clark. 153 pp. Southern Bapdertakings as well as moral re- tist Convention. Richmond, Va. $2.50 d year; to ministers, $2.00 forms, and though some were 1932. highly unpopular there is no Specid I Introductory Offers: evidence that he flinched even The Oxford Group Movement. J. C. Laymen, 6 months . . . $1 .00 in the presence of physical dan- Brown. 632 pp. 18. Pickering & Ministers, 8 months . . . $1.00 Inglis. London. ger. (Canadian and Foreign Postage Extra) Of s t r i kin g appearance, Miss Rosemary Mistary. Kate Mel- lersh. 205 pp. 28. Pickering & Makes a Splendid Christmas Gift marked dignity, a graceful and Inglis. London. Sdmple copy of THE BANNER persuasive speaker, Dr. Blanch- Sons. Pearl Buck. 467 pp. $2.50. free on request. ard was, nevertheless, among John Day Co. New York. Send your order to the most humble and self-effac- The Story of William Aitken Heighing of men. He was a man of way of Fiji. By His Family. 274 The Presbyterian Banner winsome personality, of simple pp. 48. Methodist Women's Auxtastes, and with disdain for iliary to Foreign Missions. 2007 Commonwealth Building everything that savors of the Pittsburgh, PI. artificial and insincere. These Talking with God-A Book of Prayers pages reveal the spiritual gran- for Many Occasions. Alfred Frankdeur of the man; not flawless, lin Smith. 151· pp. Cokesbury but each day of life reaching Press. Nashville. out for od's highest and best. Wondrous Love. D. L. Moody. 187 There is contagion, aroma, and pp. 18. Pickering & Inglis. Lontonic in such a life. don. HUGH R. MONRO. The World-Wide Christian Mission, 1922-1932. A Survey. 284 pp. $1.

1. M. C. New York. Wayfaring for Christ. A. M. Chirg- win. 160 pp. 28. Edinburgh House Press. London.

Ramon Lull. (The Bhaktas of the World, No.4.) P. G. Bridge. 107 pp. Re. 1.2. Christian "Literature Society. Madras.

Juveniles at the Cross Roads. Shin- taro Furuya. Translated by Shizu Hasegawa. 118 pp. Yen 1. Chris- tian Literature Society. Tokyo..

China's Own Critics: A Selection of Essays. Hu Shih and Liu Yu-tang. 188 pp. Mex. $6. China United Press. Shanghai.

Items "Ok

(Concluded from 2d cover) Give Me L1;:1£e.f" John Ellis Manley haS been chosen as the new General Secretary of the cries this homeless, despairing National Council of the Y. M. C. A. leper who waits at the gates of He succeeds Fred W. Ramsey, who a Mission hospital thinking, "If has held the position since the retire- I stay long enough, perhaps they ment of John R. Mott about four will take me in." years ago. Mr. Manley has been en- But THERE IS NO ROOM. gaged in Y. M. C. A. work for the last 30 years and has had a wide experi- He is typical of two million others without homes, health, liveli- ence in this field. hood, hope. * … * in 40 countries at 150 hospitals, the Mission to Lepers (cooperating with all denominations) ministers through medical treatment to Dr. S. G. Inman, Secretary of the lepers broken in body and spirit; while kindly care, Christian Committee on Cooperation in Latin teaching and useful occupation build their faith and morale. America, has recently returned to New York, having attended the Christ said "Cleanse the Lepers!" World's Sunday School Convention in Rio, and after visiting a number of Help in the modern fulRllment of His command by sending a South American cities, traveling by contribution today. ~irplane from Mendoza, Argentine, to Santiago, Chile. 55 feeds a leper for 2 AMERICAN MISSION TO LEPERS months. Room 1118.RW, 156 Fifth Ave., New York * … … Enclosed is 5 ••••••••to help save a leper's life. 510 gives weekly treatments Dr. William B. Lipphard is the wor- for 2 years. Name •••.•……………………… .• thy successor to Dr. Howard E. Grose, editor of Missions during the last 540 provides a year's com- Address ••••••.•••••••••••.••••••••••••• twenty-three years, who is to be pro- plete care. moted January 1, 1933, as editor emeritus for life. William B. Lipp- THE BIBLE T0 0 AY An evanselial che_brinser for hard has been associate editor since deprellion and other day., also 1922; associate secretary of the a visorous, popular, pertinent, assrellive, evanselistie and Bible.study magazine American Baptist Foreign Mission Society since 1919; and recording sec- DON O. SHELTON, LL.D., Editor retary of the Board of Missionary Cooperation since 1920. He brings to SOc a Year, Single Copy 1Sc the office a wealth of editorial ability and a background of missionary (Published by the National Bible Institute) knowledge and experience. THE BIBLE TODAY contoins strong, informing and stlrrlns articles, editorials and Bible expositions by Obituary Notes Christian leaders, and also mOVing accounts out of the thrilling life of the National Bible Institute which Is ensaged in a world-wide evangelistic ond Christian educational work. Lucy Hale Tapley, 75-year-old President-Emeritus of Spelman Col- Comins durins 1932·33: lege, died June 7 at McKinley, Maine. "Th. Men Who W.nt to Se. Wh.t H. Could Se.," by MELVIN GROVE KYLE, President Xenia During the 37 years she had served at Spelman College many thousand Theological Seminary, St. LOUis, Mo. young Negro women had been helped because of her radiant influence. "I•••'n. the Blbl…. by AMOS R. WELlS.! litt.D., Honorary Editor of the ··Chrlstlan Endeavor World." "An Inspi,ln. ContKt with. Spi,lt-lilied ..en….lily… by WILLIAM C. POOLE. successor to the late … lit … F. B. Meyer. former pastor of Christ's Church. London and now postor of the First M. E. Church. Buenos Aires, Argentina. Dr. A. F. Grant, head physician of "Tlln.n In War TI…… by CHARlES ERNEST SCOTIJ>'~'I of the American Presbyterian Mission. Tslnan. the American Mission Hospital in Shantung. North China, AND MANY OTHER INlII'IRING ARTICLES. Tanta, Egypt, died on July 4 while preparing to take up his customary Combination Offer Both SI.35 duties in the clinic. He went to Egypt Sev.65c in 1904, spending his first nine years THE BIBLE TO-DAY (bl-monthly)…………………………………. S.50 at Assiut Hospital. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD (monthly) •••••••.••••.•.••• S2.50 … lit … AcIcIna Your Orden to Either OlJle. Th. Blbl. To-D.y Th. Mllllon.y R….w Publishln. Co.peny 340 West 55th Street, N. Y. The Rev. Dr. Alfred Gandier, of the United Church of Canada, died of 156 Fifth Avenue. N. Y. heart disease on June 12th, a few days after retirement as principal of Emmanuel Union TheolOgIcal College.

He was moderator of the Canadian Presbyterian General Assembly of 1923.

Dr. Gandier was born in Hastings County, On1., Nov. 29, 1861, a son of Joseph and Helen Eastwood Gandier. He was educated at Queen's University, Kingston, and Edinburgh Uni- versity, Scotlan..d. . … …

The Rev. N. E. Samson of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and stationed at Sironcha, Chandra District, Central Provinces, India, was found murdered in Jubbulpore after having been robbed.

Opposition Is Yield

Before Christian Testimony The Good News of Christ interpreted to Moslems through the Christian life and literature is winning a hearing for the Gospel in many lands.

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The Missionary Review of the World — 1923 Index

MISSIONAR Y

REVIEW 0/ the WORLD VOL. XLVI OLD SERIES VOL. XXXVI NEW SERIES Founded in 1878 by Editor-in-Chief, 1888 to 1911 REV. ROYAL G. WILDER. D.D. REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON, D.D.

January to December, 1923 EDITOR DELAVAN L. PIERSON EDITORIAL ASSOCIATES MItS. E. C. CRmnr Best Methods Department MRS. H. W. PEABODY Woman's Foreign Mission BuUetin FLORENOE E. QUINI,AN Woman's Home Mission Bulletin EDITORIAL COUNCIL REV. A. R. BARTHOLOMEW, D. D. FLORENCE E. QUINLAN REV. ENOOH F. BELL FRANKLIN D. COGSWELL REV. RODNEY W. R<lUNDY REV. W. E. D01J'GHTY REV. WM. P. SCHELL, D.D.

REV. S. G. INMAN REV. F. C. STEPHENSON, M.D. REV. JAY S. STOWELL JAMES R. JOY MIts. OlUHN R. J1J'DD REV. MILLS J. TAYLOR, D.D. REV. SAMUEL L. LooMIS, D.D. FENNELL P. TURNER REV. JOHN BAILEY KELLEY MRs. HELEN BARRET':!' MONTGOMEaY REV. CHARLES L. WHITE, D.D. ;MRS. F. W. WIlLCOX REV. ARTLEY B. PARSON RoBERT P. WILDER REV. L. B. WOLF, D.D.

CoPYRlGHTED, 1923-PUBLISHED BY THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC• . THIRD AND REILY STREETS, HARRISBURG, P A., AND 156 FInH AVENUE, NEW YORK BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, President MltS. E. C. CRoNK WM. 1. CRAMBER.LA.IN, Vic6·Presi.iknt H.A.RLAN P. BEACH WALTER McDOUGA.LL, Treasurer ERIC M. NORTH DELAVAN L; PIERSON, Seoretary MRS. HENRY W. PEA1lODY FREDElUCK L. COLVER FLEMrNG H. REVEr..r.

I MAPS, CHARTS AND POSTERS Page Page Africa, Bechuanaland Protectorate ……….. 371 – Missionary Map of …………….. (Insert) 7S2 Christian Citizens, Making ………•……..• 510 – Prohibition Poster Used in ……………. 811 Constantinople, Adult Delinquency Map of .. 285 Russian Paper, Cartoon from …………….. 887 Formosa, Christian Task in ……………… 900 Soviet Paper, Cartoon from ………………. 887 Indians in U. S., Protestant Missions to …. 684 Turkey, American Missions in ………….. 970 Japan, Churches and Temples ……………. 829 United States Communities Having Week – Missionary Hunger Map of …………….. 795 Day Religious Instruction …………….. 549 PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS hp hp Africa, Chief Khama …………………….. 36'7 – Wife of General ……………………….. 629 – Chief's Son at Kasenga ………………… 16 Foreign Children in Streets ………………. 7()1 – Congo Christian Evangelists …………… 4 Formosa, Dr. Mackay of North …………… 884 – Congo Heathen In Native Dance……….. 4 – Famous Temple of …………………….. 001 – Explaining the Scriptures ……………… 459 – Mission Compound, Tamaui, North ……. 899 m – Grave of Alexander Mackty ……………. 676 – Seminary Conference, Taihoku …………. 003 – Holding Court in Rhodesia…………….. 13 Fourth of July Party …………………….. – Inferior lIa Type ………………………. 15 Frontier, Baptist Colporteur on ………….. 5~8 – Mackay's Grave Today …………………. 676 – Serving Churchless Community on …….. 5'6 – Mission School Girls in North …………. 297 – "Sky Pilot" Reviewing Parish on ……… 527 – Mupumani, Prophet of Ba-IIa …………. 18 – Type of KentUcky Mountain Home …….. 525 – Mwila Woman in Holiday Attire ………. 20 Greece, Typical Farm House in Southern …. 607 – Preaching Service In Galangue ………… 176 Hara, T ………………………………….. 987 – Preaching the Gospel in Central ………. 431 Hara, Taneaki, and Japanese Ex-Prisoners .. 964 – Raw Heathen of Kwato ………………… 188 Hinduism, Product of …………………….. 2'60 – Results of Rent Profiteering in ………… 710 Home Mission Leaders ……………………. 16'7 – Sunday Service in Khama's Place of As- Immigrant Woman and Child …………….. 31 sembly ……………………………….. 369 Immigrants, Teaching Turkish Albanian …. 600 – Superior lIa Type ……………………… 14 India, Benares Temples and Bathing Ghats.. 39 – Typical Baluba Village ………………… 17 – Bishop Thoburn Baptizing Converts ……. 244 African Boys in School at Tunis ………….. 433 – Coming Generation in …………………. 43 – Children, Homes of …………………….. 435 – Crowd of Hindus at Mela ……………… 49() – Christians, Church in Rhodesia Built by . 711 – Destruction of Government Buildings …. 40 – King and one of his Wives …………….. 173 – Girls' Boarding School, Gujerat ……….. 42 – Teachers and Evangelists ……………… 177 – Government College Buildings, Benares … 41 Africans, Dr. Springer Addressing Crowd of 709 – Group of "Untouchables" ………………. 255 Australasia, Village of New Guinea ………. 164 – Hut Used for Village School …………… 258 Bell, Rev. and Mrs. W. C…………………. 175 – Traveling Evangelists …………………. 109 Boys In New York. Club ………………….. 703 – Woman's Christian College, Madras ……. 259 Boys' Hammer and Saw Club …………….. 543 Indian Bread Makers, Hopi ………………. 685 BUrma, Rangoon Mission Press Room ……. 294 – Christians at Annual Conference ………. 262 Camp Fire Girls Around Council Fire ……. 539 – Maiden. Cherokee ……………………… 689 Children in America, Oriental ……………. 524 – PhYSician and Bride …………………… 2,61 – Neglected City …………………………. &21 – Student at Home ……………………….. 687 – Playground for City ……………………. 523 – Y. M. C. A. Camp ……………………… 692 – Playing on Church Lawn ………………. 541 Indians, Presbyterian Church Built by …… 693 Ohina, Bible School Students ……………… 105 Japan, After the Fire in Baptist TabernaCle 888 – Building the Churclj in ………………… 84 – American Friends' SchOOl, Tokyo ……… 78~ – Communion Service inChun Shan ……… 99 – Bronze Buddha. Kamakura …………….. 782 – Country Village In …………………….. 439 – Buddhist Sunday School Rally in ……… 800 – Devotional Service in Gen. Feng's Army " 33?' – Buddhist TeIIljple Festival in …………… 772 – Gen. Feng and Two Officers …………… 344 – Class in Deaf-Oral School ……………… 788 – Gen. Feng and Christian Officers ………. 343 – Crowd of Refngees', Tokyo …………….. 888 – Gen. Feng Burning Opium : ……………. 351 – Evangelizing PluIIljbers of Omi ………… 907 – Gen. Feng's Army at Prayer …………… 353 – Ferris Seminary, yokohama …………… 782 – Gen. Feng's Officers Assembled for Bible – Fireswept Ginza, Tokyo ……………….. S88 Study …………………………………. 347 – Fissures in Yokohama Pavement ………. SS8 – Gen. Feng's Sbldlers Praying for Rain …. · 348 – Gradnating Class. Bible Training School 782 – House Boat in …………………………. 97 – Houses Thrown Down by Earthquake …. 888 – Nanking Students in Library ………….. 1m – Images of Jigo in Old …………………. 821 – Portrait of Gen. Feng ………………….. 345 – In the Slnms of Kobe …………………. 808 _ Rnral Sunday School ………………….. 108 – Kindergarten, Children Playing ……….. 893 rC-hCi nhersies t iAannt iF- Ca mi gialrye t t.e. . Poster . … . … . …. . … !n4 – Launch Used in Omi Mission …………… 908 …….. … . … . …. . … 443 – Main Building of Omi Hospital ………… 911 – Girls, Rescued …………………………. 441 – Meij! Gakuin, Tokyo …………………… 782 – Girls Rescued in San Francisco Mission .. 893 – Methodist Episcopal Middle School, Tokyo 782 _ Soldiers, Baptismal Service for ………… 349 – Methodist Protestant Church, Yokohama . 782 Chowdhuri, John …………………………. 111 – Mission Kindergarten, Matsuyama …….. 789 Christmas Tree, Summer …………………. 92S – Omi S. S. Teaohers' Meeting …………… 900 CUfton Springs Conference Group ………… 716 ~ Protestant Episcopal University, Tokyo .. 782 Congo, Contrasts on the Belgian ………….. 4 – Refugees Crowding Trains, Tokyo ……… S88 Constantinople, Refugees in ………………. 288 – Refugees Fleeing from Flames, Tokyo …. 888 _ Turkish Boy Scouts ……………………. 287 – Results of lilarthQuake at Hakone ……… 8M _ Turkish Children of ……………………. 28tI – Ruins of Methodist Publishing House •. 888 Feng, General Yu-shlang …………………. 597 – Salvation Army Headquarters, Tokyo ….. 782 II Page Page – Scene after Fire In Tokyo ……………… 888 Mo~ta.na., Assembling for Annual Meeting …. 119 – Scenes from ……………………………. 782 – ' Jesus Meeting" of Crow Indians ……… 123 – Southern Baptist Church, Tokyo ……….. 782 – Staff and Nurses, St. Luke's Hospital …. 782 M- Sod School House …………………… .. 120 – Street In Tokyo ……………………….. 782 Timber Creek School House …………. : .. 121 -, Temple of a Thousand Gods, Kyoto …….. 788 oslem Periodicals ………………………. 267 – The Yoshiwara in Ruins, Tokyo ……….. 888 – To Fence, Teaching young …………….. 82'5 – Women Without Christ ………………… 299 – View of Tokyo in Flames ……………… 888 Mountaineers' Cabin, Tennessee ………….. 279 – Watering Paddy Fields ………………… 785 Negro Race, Inspiration to ……………….. 917 – Woman's Union Christian College, Tokyo ~S2 – Village, Model …………………………. 453 – Worshippers at Temple ………………… 787 Negroes, Boy Architect and House He Built 918 – Wreck of Chapel of Aoyama Gakuin …… 888 – New Type Schoolhouse …………………. 9 1 – Y. M. C. A. Headquarters, Tokyo ………. 78J – Old Type Schoolhouse ………………….. 920 – Y. W. C. A. Headquarters, Tokyo ………. 783 – "Pig Club" ……………………………. 919 – Yokohama and Harbor …………………. 782 Japanese Book Store, Destroyed by Earth- New Guinea. Heathen …………………….. 187 – – Mission House at Kwato …………….. 193 quake …………………………………. 888 – – Native, Typical ……………………… 379 – Christmas Advertisement ………………. 791 – – Natives, Teaching the Bible to ………. 191 – Ex-Prisoners, T. Hara and …………… 964 – – New Buildings Needed at Kwato ……. 193 – Girls in Rescue Home, Osaka ………….. 850 Phinney, F. D. . ………………………….. 293 – Mission Kindergarten, Armistice Day in " 819 Oxford, International Missionary Council .. , 839 – Salvation Army Officers ………………… 8()2 Pageant "The Way," Tableau in …………. 845 Java Converts from Mohammedanism …….. 364 Kagawa, Toyohiko ………………………… 8()6 Papua., Ambulance at Kwato Station ……… 383 – With Children of the Slums ……………. 809 Kago, Papuan Evangelist …………………. 189 p.- Leaving for loo-Mile Journey ………….. 381 Kindergarten Children with Flower Baskets 928 Outstation 8cl:ool ……………………… 377 Korea, School at Sin Chow ……………….. 449 IOneer Church III Oklahoma …………….. 512 Korean Christian Addressing Gen. Feng's Russia., Cathedral of Christ, Moscow …….. 617 Soldiers ………………………………. 627 – Inscription in Moscow …………………. 611 Kuyper, Jennie M………………………… 782 Sadbu Sundar Singh ……………………… 44 Leper Asylum in Venezuela ………………. 705 ~cenes from the World in Weymouth, Mass. 465 LinCOln Memorial University ……………… 281 Madras College Chapel …………………..1011 couts, Group of Boy …………………….. 537 Mexican Cilild, "After Taking" …………… 531 Scudder, Dr. Ida and Gertrude Dodd …….. 133 – – "Before Taking" ……………………. 530 – Girls, Industrial School for ……………. 529 Sia.m, Boys' Scbool '" …………………… 979 MeXicans, Community House for …………. 359 – Graduate of Boys' School …………….. 981 Mexico, The Key to the Situation ………… 361 Siamese School ………………………….. 985 Migrant Work, Checker Boards …………… 308 – Yeung Woman ……………………….. 983 – – "London Bridge" ……………………. 306 Siberia, Peter, MetrOPOlitan of …………… 615 – – Toothbrush Drill …….. ….. .. .. .. . .. …. ~07 Sudan, Women of the ………………….. 999 Migrant Workers' Children, "Little Mothers" 515 Thoburn, Bishop James M………………… ~63 – – Inside Home of ……………………… 517 – – Living in Auto ……………………… 516 – James at 23 ……………………………. 265 – – Shack ……………………………… , 519 Topping, Mrs. Henry …………………….. 812 MiSSionary Works, Where the City ………. 640 Uemura, Dr………………………. (Insert) 782 Modern Church in Oklahoma …………….. 513 Washington Monument, Booker …………… 917 Wives of General F'eng's Omcers ………. 973 Women's Work, ViSiting Nurse ………….. 639 Yajima, Madame Kaj! ……………………. 812 Y. M. C. A. Building, New Colored ……….. 26! – Conference of Colored Men ……………. 201 – Service in Fresh Air Camp …………….. 500 AUTHORS Page Dornblaser, E. H …………………………h . 3~00 Abel, Charles W ………………………. 187, 377 grach, George ……………………………. 456 Ano, K ……………………………………. 890 duu'}!f~sfs', ~: ::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::: ~:i Armstrong, A. E ………………………….. 899 Flwing, Sir .r. C. R. ………………………. n9 Aurell, Karl E ……………………………. 925 Axling, William ………………………….. 791 Fahs, Sophia Lyon ……………………… 976 Baker, Benson ……………………………. 449 Farmer, Rev. Harry ……………………… 263 Ferguson, Frances M. . …………………… 392 Barker, C. Starr ………………………….. 293 Ferguson, Mrs. Walter ……………………717 Barton, James L ………………………….. 891 Ferguson, W. L …………………………. 255 Bell, W. C……………………………….. 173 F'orhush. William Byron …………………. 533 Ford, James Tooker ……………………..lOW Beynon, E. D. .. ………………………….. 631 Franklin, R. O. .. ……………………….. 979 Bloom, W. Knighton ……………………… 525 Fr~ase, Edwin F ………………………….. 433 Fu ton, George W. . ………………………. 9??' Bolitho, Archie A…………………………. 924 Garritt. J. C. …………………………….. 22 Rosanouet, Amy C………………………… 816 Gates, Herbert W. . ………………………. 553 Boyd, Mrs. William ………………………. 741 Gleason, George …………………………. M2 Goforth, Rosalind ………………………. : 973 Brain, Belle M……………………………. 343 Gordon, Mrs. Thos. D. . …………………… 645 Brokaw, Harvey ………………………….. 777 Flamilto'l. PH.'lline Ernst ……………….439, 947 Hara, Tailchi …………………………. '" 986 Bronson, Julia H. .. ………………………. 891 Brown, Sara A……………………………. 515 ii:~:~/LC,O:': ::::: :::::::::::: :::::::: ::::::: ~ Browning, Webster E ………………….704, 73'" iiassel, .T. Woodrow………………………. 27 Bryant, Allce C. .. ………………………… 296 Bulkley, Daisy McLain …………………… 469 .FI:~:!teg. c;e c. ·. :. :::….. :::… :… :…. ::… ~.4: ~~; Burgess, Paul …………………………….. 204 Hope, Josephine …………………………..1002 Burke. Charles H. ………………………… 376 Horne, Dorothy M. . ………………………. 926 Hwang Cb'ing ……………………………. 6?7 CarJ1ichael, Amy Wilson …………………. 895 1.;1eh art, Edwin T ………………………… 923 Cary, Otis ………………………………… 826 Jenkins, W. F ……………………………. 926 Cogswell, Franklin D. .. ………………….. 559 .Judson, Adoniram ………………………… 129 Kagawa. Toyohiko ……………………….. 805 Cole, Raymond E. ………………………… 29 Kano, Hisaaklra …………………………. 824 Conning. John Stuart …………………….. 635 Kumm, H. K. W ………………………….. 736 Kyle, Alice M………….302, 395, 472, 569, 646, '741 Converse, Guy C. . ………………………… 906 CraWford, Raymond N ……………………. 289 Cress, G. Cl i ffor d . … …………….. ..m..,. . …. 119 Cronk, Mrs. E. C. .. …………….. 1~3. 'lIY1, 2$5, 386, 463, 559, 641, 649, 732, 841, 9ZT, 1009 Curtis, Frederick S. . …………………….. 890 Curtes, Helen Pierson ……………………. 891 Dening, Henry …………………………….. 552 Detweiler, Charles S. …… .. ………….. 460 Page Reed, Anna Stevens ………………………Pa1~; Lacy, G. Carleton ………………………… 445 Lamott, Willis ……………………………. 925 Riggs, Charles T ………………………. 783: 607 Latourette, K. S. …………………………. 93 Riggs, Ernest W ……………………….182 779 Lley, A. V. . ……………………………… 457 Rin?ge, Fred H ………………………….. .' 603 Limouze, Arthur Henry ………………….. 5'41 Robmson, Harold McA……………………. 556 Lippard, C. K. …. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . .• 996 Roundy, Rodney W. •…………………. 453 685 Lobenstine, E. C. . ………………..•……..1(}13 Sadhu Sundar Singh …………………….. .' 178 Lovejoy, Owen R …………………………. 509 Sailer, T. H. P …………………………… 125 Mann, A. R. . …………………………….. 383 ~ChUltZ, Gertrude … 302, 395, 472, 569, 646, 741, 935 Manning, C. E. . ………………………….. 373 McCombs. Vernon M……………………… 529 cotto Charles E. . ………………………… 714 McConnell, Dorothy ………………………. 701 Shepherd, Charles R. …………………….. 893 McLean, Robert N. . ………………………. 359 Speer, Robert E ………………………… 33, 195 Miller, Kenneth D. . ………………………. 521 Spencer, David S. .. ………………………. 830 Miller, Mrs. E. H …………………………. 448 Springer, Mrs. John M……………………. 709 Mills, John Nelson ……………………….. 355 Squires, Walter Albion …………………… 548 Moton, Robert R. …………………………. 917 Staples, Hsnry E. .. ………………………. 926 Mott, John R. …………………………….. 54 Stauffer, Milton T ………………………113 620 Moyser, William ………………………….• 38 Stowell, Jay S. .. ………………………… .' 511 Murray, J. Lovell ………………………… 9 Taylor, J. Hudson ………………………… 277 Myers, H. W … , ………………………….. 8(}7 Taylor, Mills J. ………………………….. 45 Myers, Harry S•…………………..•…….• 295 Tenny, Mrs. Charles B……………………. 892 Napp, James E ……………………………. 273 Tobias, Channing H ………………………. 201 Niebel, B. H. ……………………………… 21 Topping, Mrs. Henry ……………………… 812 Oltmans, A. ………………………………. 912 Upson, Arthur T …………………………. 131 Ostrom, H. Conrad ……. : ………………… 790 Vickrey, C. V…………………………….. 278 Oyler, Mrs. D. S. . ………………………… 999 Vinson, T. C. . …………………………. .47, 432 Parker, Rebecca J ………………………… 109 Parmenter, Mary F. . …………………….. 104 Wainright, S. H ……………….. '" …….. 991 Patton, Charles E. ……………………….. W Webster, Daniel ………………………….. 547 Paxton, Jean Grigsby …………………….. 925 Wheeler, W. Reginald ……………………. 179 White, Edith H …………………………… 637 ~~~r~;: ~it~n ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::lm Williamson, Gladys Parker ………….. i ….• 279 Willoughby, W. C. ……………………….. 13 Peeke, H. V. S……………………………. 892 Wolf, John N …………………………….. 390 Polhemus, Sarah E ………………… 58,137, 215 Wyland, Ray O. . …………………………. 536 Peabody, Mrs. H. W. 302, 395, 472, 569, 646, 741, 837 Yamamuro, Gunpel ………………………. 801 Quinlan, Florence E ……………………… . Zwemer, S. M……………………….87, 267, 364 55, 139, 211, 306, 393, 469, 566, 650, 745, 851, 931 ARTICLES.AND NEWS Page Page Abyssinia, Facts About …………………… 475 – King, Letter from an ………………….. 429 – Seeks, What …………………………… 475 – Kings, Two ……………………………. 413 Afghanistan, Consul from ………………… 149 – Student Union, The ……………………. 486 – Progress in ……………………… :…… 69 Alaska Brotherhood, An ………………….. 156 Africa, "All in One Lifetime" ……………. 943 – Church in Metlakatla ………………….. 407 – Bantu Presbyterian Church ……………. 757 – Cooperation In …………………………. 318 – Blood Covenant In, T. C. Vinson ………. 432 – Report …………………………………. 652 – Changed Town …………………………. 579 Albanian Girls, For ………………………. 943 – Coming of the Bible ……………………. 655 Aliens, Unusual School for ………………..1025 – Delicate Situation ……………………… 41~ America, Leprosy in South, Webster E. – Development in Ashanti ……………….. 475 – Dr. Law's Preaching …………………… 864 Browning ……………………………… 704 – Governing Khama's People …………….. 476 American Board Receipts …………………. 63 – Hausas in Tunis, A. V. Liley ………….. 457 – Churches, Appeal to …………………… 758 – In 1922, H. K. W. Kumm ……… : ………. 736 – National Missions ………………………1()24 – Inland Mission …………………………. 476 Americans, First …………………………. 315 – Khama. Christian Chief of, J. C. Harris .. 365 Anglo-Indian Christianity ………………… 228 – Khama's Successor …………………….. 757 Argentina, Neglected ……………………… 868 Armenian Sunday School, An …………….. 58(} – !fh:tma',S ,Testimony", , ………………….. 864 Armenians in Bulgaria …………………… 66 – KikuVI IS Praying ……………. , ……. 656 Army Chaplains, U. S…………………….. 573 – King Helps Build Roads ……………….. 944 Asia M!no!, Ch.urc,!es Broken Up …………. 69 – King Khama's Testimony ……………… 2211 – – MISSIonarIes In ……………………… 68 – Letter from Dan Crawford …………….. 865 Assam, Christian Progress In …………….. 862 – Lutherans in East ……………………… 71 Atheism, Aim to Spread ………………….. 665 – Marvels of Progress …………………… 150 Australia, Bible Revival in ………………. 92 – Mission Education In, J. du Plessis …….. 435 Australian Aboriginees …………………… 489 – Modern Slavery in …………………….. 757 – Nurses' Movement ……………………… 949 – New Opportunities in North, Edwin F. Bandits In China …………………………1()37 Baptist Centenary, Southern ……………… 155 Frease ………………………………… 433 – Denominational Convention ……………. 939 – New Plans for Lovedale ……………….. 324 – Finances, Southern …………………….. 663 – Paris Evangelical Society ……………… 323 – Laymen's Movement …………………… 761 – Plea of Chlquetecoli, Wm. C. Bell ……… 173 – Program, A New ………………………. 663 – Present Crisis in ………………………. 338 – World Conference ……………………… 872 – Protected if a Christian ……………….. 944 Baptists In Europe ……………………….. 321 – Salvaging the Cargo …………………… 944 – Work of Southern ……………………… 62 – Slave Trade Revived ……………….151, 678 Belgian Congo, Ten Years In the, T. C;'" – Slavery in Togoland …………………… 944 – Study of Souls In Central, W. C. Wil- Vinson …………………………………., 47 Belgium. Gospel Hunger in ……………….. 152 loughby …………… , ……. '" ………… 13 – Not Devils but Angels ………………… ~ 653 – Tale of Rent Profiteers in, Mrs. John M. Bengal, New Woman in …………………… 658,.: Best Methcds, Edited by Mrs. E. C. Cronk,51,' Springer ………………………………. 709 – Training Evangelists …………………… 476 133, 207, 295, 386, 468, 559, 641, 732, 841, 927,1009: – Unworked Field In West ………………. 656 Bible and Progress in Greece …………….. '~24 – Woman's Heroism ……………………… 756 – and State Laws. The …………………… 761 African Boy Scouts ………………………. 71 – Churchman'S Missionary Society, The '… ','. ·.4116 ' – Chief. Tablet to ……………………….. 865 – for Prince Regent, A …………….. : …. ;'; 864 – Girl, Story of an, Josephine Hope……..1002 – in Germany, The ……………………….. illS – Internationale …………………………. 578 Page – Catholic Missions in …………………..~a11: – in Italian Prisons ……………………… 65 – Institute, National …………………….. 760 – Century after Morrison ………………… 751 ~ Modern Ignorance of the ………………. 576 – Child Labor in Hong Kong …………….. 444 – Power in the Word ……………………. 425 – Christian Business Man ………………… 753 – Revival in Australia …………………… 92 – – Leadership In ……………………….. 85 -' Sales In Punjab ……………………….. 310 – – Students at Nanking ………………… 947 – Schools, Vacation ………………………. 155 – – Women Organize ……………………. 584 – Teachers for China, Training, Mary F. – Chr!st!an!tr in (Extracts from Reports) .. 113 Parmenter …………………………….. 104 – Chrlstlamzmg Industry ………………… 312 – World's Best Seller ……………………. 490 – Church Growth Amid Brigandage ……… 584 Bibles in Priests' Houses ………………… 854 – Community Church Movement …………. 752 Bibles for Japan ……………………….•..1038 – Educational Com,m,lssion to ……………. 125 Blind, Religious Privileges for the (Report) 853 – Elder Tu and the Stolen Church Money, Bolivia, Indians of ……………………….. 318 Charles E. Scott ………………………. 714 Bolshevism in China ……………………… 401 – Feng's Army …………………………… 480 Bolshevists and Christianity ……………… 410 – Forward Steps in Yunnan ……………..·.·232 – in England Young …………………….. 576 – Gift to Y. W. C. A…………………….. 482 Bombay, Another "Conscience Clause" …… 229 – Helping Ricksha Men ………………….. 313 – Reorganization in ……………………..1035 – Home Life in, Pauline E. Hamilton ……. 41lll- Boy Scouts, African ……………………… 71 – How a Missionary Works in, Charles E. Boys and Girls, American ………………… 501 Patton ………………………………… 97 Boys' Workers, World Conference of ……… 602 – in 1923 E. C. Lobenstine ………………..1()13 Brazil, Believers in ………………………. 487 – Increase in Secret Societies ……………. 660 – Book Stores in …………………………. 665 China Inland Mission and Education …….. 74 – Effect of Revolution on School …………. 759 – – – Growth ………. . . .. .. . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. 660 – How the Gospel Entered ………………. 408 – Inspired Interpreter ……………………. 583 – New Method In ………………………… 868 – International Church ………………….. 7&1 – Protestant Centenary in ……………….. 319 – New Religion in ……………………….. 428 Brazilian Sunday School Teachers ……….. 487 – New Stage in MiSSions in, K. S. La- Britain's Boxer Indemnities ………………. 230 tourette ……………………………….. 93 British Conference, Annual ……………….. 941 – Notable Pastor …………………………. 861 – Labor and Religion ……………………. 222 – Officials and Gentry Baptized ………….. 401 – Laymen's Movement …………………… 758 – "On the Ways," New, J. C. Garritt ……. 22 – Societies, Controversy in ………………. 64 – Overwhelming Opportunity ……..,' …….. 582 – Student Volunteers …………………….. 151 – Peace Movement in ……………………. 401 Buddhism and Christianity …………….. : .. 855 – Political Ontlook in ……………………. 858 – Siam the Last Stand of, John Nelson Mills 355 – Prayer Meetings for Officials ………….. 588 Buddhist Activity in America …………….. 941 – Present Perils in ………………………. 249 – Opposition ……………………………… 315 – Progress In South ……………………… 860 – Peace Platform ………………………… 233 – "Rag Tag" Sunday School …………….. 948 Buddhists, Invitation from ……………….. 862 – Reform Society Organized …………….. 860 Bulgaria, Armenians in ………………….. 66 – Return of Opium ………………………. 143 – Preaching in …………………………… 654 – Retnrns on Investment ………………… 232 – Revival In ……………………………… 410 – Shall We Send Fewer Missionaries to, Burma, HUman Sacrifice in ……………….. 946 Milton T. Stauffer ……………………. 620 – Rangoon Press, C. Starr Barker ……….. 293 – Soldier Evangelist …………………….. 947 – Religious Forces in, Raymond N. Crawford 289 – Training Bible TeaChers for, Mary F. Burmese Worker, A ………………………. 2f9 Parmenter ……………………………. 104 C. M. S. Faces Forward, The …………….. 653 – Two Missionaries Murdered ……………. 947 Cairo, Commencement in …………………. 756 – Unoccupied …………………………….. 254 – Students in …………………………….. 663 – Western Education in …………………. 751 Camp Fire Work, Scouting and, Ray O. China's Renaissance, Bible and, G. Carleton Lacy ………………………………….. 445 Wyland ……………………………….. 536 Canada, Church Figures from ……………. 664 Chinese Boxer Indemnities ……………….. 859 – Church Union In ………………….. 681, 1025 – Business Man, Gift of …………………. 231 – Church, Aims of ……………………….. 142 – Cooperation Among Churches of, C. E. Manning ………………………………. 373 – – Future Task of the …………………. 696 Canadian Student Conference …………….. 317 – – in Cuba ……………………………… 760 Cannibals Ask for Teachers ………………. 70 – Club Woman, Christian ………………… 481 Canton College Growth……………… …… 74 – Girl Slavery In America, Charles R. Shep- herd ………………………………….. 893 Catholic Missions in China ……………….. 144 Cat.holicism, French Priests Marrying ……. 320 – Governor's Gift ………………………… 132 – Peru alid the Vatican ………………….. 319 – Greatest Living ………………………… 583 Central America, Task in ………………… 575 – Home Missions ……………………… 311, flj10 Child, Home Missions and the, Jay S. Stowell 511 – Judge Baptized ………………………..1036 – Legislation in Colorado ………………… 870 – Leaders, Training ……………………… 480 Chjl~ren, Arnone: Ozark …………………… 938· – Martyr, A ……………………………… 860 – Social Settlement, A …………………… 232 – Missionary Education for, Sophia Lyon Fahs ………………………………….. 976 – Student Vo'Iunteers …………………….. 73 – Students and Christianity ……………… 24" – of Migrant Workers, Neglected, Sara A. Brown '" ……………………………… 515 – Woman's Work ………………………… 1~2 – of the City, Neglected, Kenneth D. Miller 521 Christian Endeavor Growth ………………. 23n Chile, Catholic Bishop's Tribute ………….. 759 – Literature, Large Gift for ……………… 58 – Changed Situation in ………………….. 88 – Missions, An Enterprise of Hope, R. E. Speer …………………………………. 190 – Earthquake, After the …………………. 937 – Friendliness In ………………. , ………. 576 0.hristie ReAIe:ns, Dr. Dugald …………….. fil!4 – New Era Movement In …………………. 407 Christmas Bells (Poem) ………………… .1()W – Relief Work in ………………………… 221 Church is Doing, What One, Arthur Henry Llmouze ………………………………. 541 China, Actfvitles of Brigands …………….. 479 – Among the Miao ………………………… 74 Church of All Nations ……………………. 316 – Anti-0.hristian ProJ}aganda …………….. 609 Church Program for the Immigrant, A, Ray- mond E. Cole………………………….. 29 _ Antl-Foot-Blnding Move …………….312, 752 – – by Bandits ………………………….1007 – Union-Two Evang-elical Denominations . – Atta~ked by Soldiers …………………… 947 Unite. B. H. Niebel …………………… 91 – Bandits In Honan ……………………… 73 Citizenship, Conference for Better ………. 967 – Bible Encyclopedia for ………………… 750 – Insurance, Home Training as, William – – Institute in Hunan ………………….. 584 Byron Forbush ……………………….. 533 – – Society Secretary ……………………. 948 Colombia as a Mission Field ……………..• 487 – – Women and Bandits ………………… 859 – Christian Employees Wanted ………….. 408 – Blind School in Canton ………………… 752 – New Thing- in ………………………….. 319 – Boxer Indemnity Plans ………………… 481 Community Church Conference …………… 662. Page Federated POSSibilities, Mrs. E. C. Cronk …~a6~i – – Rural ……………………………….. 931 Federation of Christian Women ………….. 472 – Work ………………………………….. 55 – Woman's Boards of Foreign MiSSions …•l019 – – in Cleveland, Ohio, Arthur Henry – Proposed, New ………………………….. 218 Feng, General, and Social Service, Mrs. Limouze ………………………………. 541 Congo Revival, A ……………•…………… 413 Jonathan Goforth …………………….. 973 Congo Station, A New ……………………1032 Feng. Yu-shiang, Christian General. Belle M. – Ten Years In the Belgian, T. C. Vinson.. 41 Constantinople, Outlook in ……………….. 227 Brain …………………………………. 343 – Refugees in ……………………………. 411 Feng's Army, General. Hwang Ch'ing …….. 627 – Searching for Facts in, Charles T. Riggs. 283 Fil~p~no Stndents, W!nning ………………• ~ Cooperation Among Churches in Canada, C. Flilpmos, Church UnlOn Among ……… c…. "lIlO – Sacrifices of ……………………………. 665 E. Manning …………………………… 373 Finnish Mission Work ……………………. 66 – in Canada ……••………………………. 15~ Foreign Missions at Bethlehem …………… 89 – In Home Missions ………………….869,574 Foreigner, The Child of the, Dorothy Mc- – Montana, Denominational,' G. Clifford Connell ……………………………….. 701 Cress …………………………………. 119 Foreigners-New Americans ………………. 93L – West …………………………………… 574 Formosa. Fifty Years in North, A. E. Arm- – Interracial …………………………….. 469 Cooperative Movements In China …………. 401 strong ………………………………… 899 Country Church, Farmers and the, A. R. France, Fighting Alcohol in ………………. 8M – Rural Protestants in …………………… 708 Mann …………………………………. 383 – Temperance Work in ………………….. 488 Crawford, Carrie Lena ………………….. 1010 French-"Junior Republic" ……………….. 634 Cuba, Chinese Church in …………………. 760 – Priests Marrying ………………………. 320 Cuba's Educational Needs ………………… 574 – Protestants, Unity of ……………. '…….. 222 Czecho-Slovakla, Church in ………………. 943 Frontiers. Overcoming Handicaps on the, W. – – Outlook in …………………•…….•..1030 Czecho-Slovaks Eager for Truth ………….. 66 Knighton Bloom ………………………. 525 Danish Missionary Crisis ………. ,………. 66 Gandhi and His Wife …………………….. 147 Decalogue a Novelty ……………………… 220 German Bishops' Appeal …………………. 866 Dea.ths- – Churches, Need in ……………………… 321 – Ayer, Francis W ……………………….. 331 – – Unite ……………………………….. 66 – Allen, Dr. Arthur H., of New York ……. 590 – Missions. British Limits on ……………. 490 – Clark, Rev. Joseph B., of Brooklyn …… 769 – – In Hunan …………………………… 74 – Doolittle, Rev. Geo. C., of Syria ……….. 157 – – Status of ……………………………. 223 – Eddy, Dr. Mary Pierson, of Syria ……… 956 Germany, Bible in ……………………….. 153 – Fitch, Rev. George F., of China ……….. 331 – – Study In Prague ……………………. 321 – Forsyth, Rev. Robert C., of China …….. 239 – Relglon in …………………………..759. 866 – Hail, Rev. Alexander Durham, of Japan .. 769 – Students' Crusade ……………………… 152 – Kinnaird, Lord, of London …………….. 331 – Larsen, Rev. Lauritz …………………… 239 Gldeons' Bibles ……………………………1026 – Macdonald, Dr. James A., of Toronto ….. 590 Giving-How Koreans Give……………….. 75 – Mason, Rev. Alfred De Witt, of Brooklyn 331 Gospel in Industry, The ………………….. 142 – McGilvary, Mrs. Sophia, of China ……… 769 – Interpreted by Life, The, Toyohiko – Messer, L. Wilbur, of Chicago …………. 7~9 – Schultz, Rev. D. L., of Philadelphia …… 595 Kagawa ………………………………. 805 – Smith, Dr. Wilton Merle, of New York … 956 Greece, Bible and Progress in ……………. 424 – Stewart, Lyman, of Los Angeles ……….. 956 – New Life in Old. Charles T. Riggs …….. 007 – Strack, Prof. Herman L., of Berlin ……. 239 – Plain Speaking in ……………………… 489 – Thoburn, Bishop James, of India ………. 157 – Problems in …………………………… 867 – Torrance, Dr. David W., of Palestine ….. 956 Greek Patriarch. The …………………….. 863 – Wanamaker, John, of Philadelphia ……. 157 Guatemala, New Station in ………………. 575 – Webster, Rev. James, of Manchuria …… 769 Haiti, Nosirel L'Herisson, Apostle of, Charles – Wood, Rev. Thos. B., of South America … 239 Deficits, Boards Facing …………………… 869 S. Detweiler ………………………….. 460 Denominational Standards, Raising ………. 504 Hausas in Tunis. Among the, A. V. Liley … 457 DiSCiples, Forty Years Progress ………….. 155 Kawaii, Center of Helpfulness ……………. 586 Dutch Reformed Reorganization ………….. 761 Ecuador-Protestants and Earthquake ……. 86& – Japanese In ……………………………. 8n Education-Coming Generation …………… 762 – Department, New ………………………. 938 Hebrews ………………………………….. 139 – in Africa, MISSion, J. du Plessis ………. 435 Holland Leads, Where ……………………. 223 – India's Need for Christian, Benson Baker 449 Home Missionary Progress, Signs of ……… 885 – Making Missions Through Missionary, – Missions and the Child. Jay S. Stowell … 511 – – at Atlantic City …………………….. 165 Gertrude Schultz ……………………… 935 – – Life Service in ………………………. 405 – New Materials for Missionary, Franklin – Training as Citizenship Insurance, Wil- D. Cogswell …………………………… 559 liam Byron Forbush ………………….. 5~3 – Religious VB. Christian, Harold McA. Rob- Huguenots and Walloons …………………. 483 Hungary. Growth of Religious Freedom in, inson …………………………………. 556 – State University Experiment ….'…… , " .. 7Rl E. D. Beynon ………….. . …………… 631 Educational Commission to China, The ….. 125 Illiter2.cy in America. Overcoming Spiritual. Egypt, Church in ………………………… 150 – Independent ……………………………. 70 Walter Albion Squires ………………… 548 – Proved His Conversion ………………… ??41 – Asset or Liability? The. Fred .J. Rlnd~e 603 – Religious Liberty In …………………..1()31 Immigrant, Church Program for the, Ray- – Sherwood Eddy in ……………………… 578 – United Front In, S. M. Zwemer ………… 86 mond E. Cole …………………………. 29 – W('men in ……………………………… 70 India., Argument on Idolatry ……………… 861 Fgyotian Life, Force in ………………….. 864 – Bible Lessons in Schools ………………. 582 lllnglaIld-<no:lo-Catholic Jdeal ……………. 8R" – – Study in Schools ……………………. 399 English Churches, Council of …………….1029 – Bishop Azariah's Success ……………… 148 Englishwoman's Heroism, An …………….. 754 – Cas~e a Live Issue ……… : ……………. 75l li'lniscopal General Cnnvention ……………. ~ 6' – ChrIst and Sadhu Sundar Smgh ……….. 11g- – Christian Conference, AlI- …………….. 309 Europe, American Christians' Responsibility 337 – Christian Statesman …………………… 945 – ReligiOUS Conditions in ………………… 600 – College Notes from, Miss A. B. Van Doren 646 – Sunday Schools In ……………………… 653 – Conscience Clause in Bombay………….. 71 Flvangelism, Church Army ……………….. 152 – Continuing Ramabai's Work …………… 72 Evangelist. From Suffra~ette to …………… 870 – Converted Devil Priests ……………….. 58~ Evangelistic Campaign In Chicago ……….. 6M. – ConvertR bv Force Retu.rn ………………. 147 Flxhibits. Missionary ……………………… 463 – Demon Cast Out ………………………. 229 Fxnendltures, Comparative Missionary …… 762 – Estimate of Gandhi ……………………. 399 Federal Council of Churches ……………… 218 – F.x"rcising ~vi.1 Rnir-its ………………… 6"FiR – E-Sorcerer's Flock, An ………………… 72 – In 19'2. Sir J. C. R. Ewing …………….. 739 – in the Melting Pot, Wm. Moyser ………. 38 – "Krist. Ashram" ……………………….. 47~ – Medicine Men ………………………….1026 Page Page – Mission to Aristocracy of, Rebecca J. – – Religion in ………………………….. 233 Parker ……………………………….. 109 – News from Devastated Areas in ……….. 889 – Missionary Service in ………………….. 658 – 1922 in, J. G. Dunlop …………………… 847 – Missions and Social Reform …………….. 479 – Opportunities for Christian Education In, – Mrs. Starr's Hospital ………………….. 945 C. K. Lippard ………………………… 996 – Nationalists Quote Bible ……………… 399 – Power of the Wiord …………………….. 854 – Native Guides for Masses ……………… 479 – Preaching to Railway Men …………….. 856 – New Opportunity In, W. L. Ferguson ….. 255 – Rep{)rts from Devastated Area ………… 781 – Nuranie Pulls Her Blinds Up, Amy Wil- – Results of Kanamori's Work ………….. 748 son Qarmichael ………………………. 695 – Self-Support in …………………………. 404 – Outcaste Mass Meeting ………………..1035 – Social Evil in Gunpei Yamamuro ………. 801 – Scotch Centenary in ……………………. 147 – Social Problems in …………………….. 314 – Signs of the Times in, James E. Napp …. 273 – Some Anti-Christian Forces In, William – Singing Evangelism ……………………. 754 Axling ………………………………… 791 – Sundar Singh Still Living … '…………… 861 – Students Baptized ……………………… 482 – Tana Bhagat Movement ……………….. 71 – Success of Kimura's Meetings ………… 855 – Temperance Teaching in ……………….. 861 – Successful Tent Meetings ……………… 949 – Truth About …………………………… 309 – Temperance for ………………………… 748 – Turning Point in …………….. .'………. 229 – Toyohiko Kagawa ……………………… 314 – Union Educational Efforts ……………… 946 – Unfinished Tasks in, David S. Spencer … 830 – Untabulated Influence ………………….. 754 – Voluntary Church Union ………………. 749 – Veteran's Service ………………………. 582 – Woman Movement in ………………….. 145 – Women Organize in ……………………1035 Japanese-Americans ……………………… 941 – Would Be Christian ……………………. 146 Are Reading, What the, S. H. Wainright .. 991 Indian Chief a Christian …………………. 762 – Bishops ………………………………… 585 – Church, Peril of ……………………….. 228 – Church, Union …………………………. 871 – Dances, North American ……………….. 664 – Conference, Important …………………. 856 – Mission Board, An …………………….. 581 – Ex-Prisoners, Christian Work for, T. Hara 986 – Official, Tribute from ………………….. 311 – Miners, Work for ……………………… 857 – Outcastes' Appeal (Poem), Anna Stevens – on Pacific Coast ……………………….. 871 Reed ………………………………….. 132 – – World Peace ………………………… 854 – Student Volunteers …………………….. 230 – Police Attitude ………………………… 144 – Wanls Religion, American …………….. 156 – Y. M. C. A. Leader …………………….. 948 – Woman, Tribute to an …………………. 72 Japan's Escutcheon, A Blot on, J. Woodrow "Indianization," Move toward ……………. 310 Hassel ………………………………… 'l1 Indians, Advice to ………………………… 486 – Need of Christianity, Hisaakira Kano …. 824 – Red Man in the U. S., Rodney W. Roundy 685 Java, Dutch Church in ……………………. 230 – Work Among American ………………… 155 – Missions in ……………………………. 157 Indian's Gift for His People, An, Charles H. Jew-Our Brother, The, James T. Ford …..1006 Burke ………………………………… 376 Jewish Life of Christ, A …………………. 950 – Testimony, An ………………………. ' .. 941l – Persecutions and Feasts ……………….. 666 India's Attitude toward Christ ……….167, 103~ – Statistics, Some ……………………….. 324 – Need for Christian Education, Benson . Jews Become Christians? Do …………….. 666 Baker …………………………………. 449 – Christ's Cause Among the, John St.uart – Supreme Need …………………………. 311 Conning ………………………………. 635 Indies, Christians in Dutch East …………. 400 – in New York, For ……………………… 484 Industrial Mission that Evangelizes, An, Guy C. Converse …………………………… 906 – Moslems Persecute …………………….. 478 – Work, Productive ……………………… 220 .Tudson's Missionary Message …………….. 129 Interdenominational Missionary Agencies …. 972 Kennedy School of Missions ……………… 939 International Missionary Union Report, Mrs. Khama, Christian Chief, J. C. Harris …….. 365 Walter Ferguson ……………………… 717 Korea, Banker Accepts Christ ……………. 233 Inter-racial Cooperation ………………….. HA – Changes in Thirty Years ………………. 857 – Digging and Trusting ………………….. 314 Ireland, Bible in ………………………… 1029 – Ex-Leper's Work ………………………. 234 – Protestants in …………………………. 320 – Fruits of the Gospel …………………… 404 – Revival in …………… . .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. . … 865 – Mission Schools Reoognized ……………. 857 Islam, Christ or ………………………….. 412 – New ……………………………………. 145 – One Evangelist's Audience …………….. 585 – New Caliph for ………………………… 148 – Progress and Power in ………………… 677 – Religious Education in ………………… 483 – Thousands of Converts from, S. M. – Starting a School in, Mrs. E. H. Miller … 448 Zwemer ……………………………….. s3m64 – Theological Training in ………………… 662 Italian Schools, Cruel fix in ………………. Korean Church in New York …………….. 483 Italy, Catholics in, and Ohio …………….. 1030 – Factory Girls ………………………….. 858 – Fascist! and Protestants ………………. 223 =- Progress, Figures of …………………… 146 – Politics and Religion in ……………….. 597 r~~~~~nl:s B~i~f;;' ::::::::::::::::.': .. :.'.':::.': ~ Japan and the Vatican …………………… 482 – as a Mission Field, Hilton Pedley ……… 783 – Catastrophe and Christian Missions, The. Harvey Brokaw ……………………….. 774 – Women, Conference of …………………. 75 – Christian Church in, A. OItmans ………. 912 – Women's Club …………………………. 235 – Christian Conscrif)t ……………………. 313 – – Progress in …………………………. 144 Kore..ns as Missionaries ………………….. 749 – Christianity and the Making of New, Otis – Give, How ……………………………… 75 Korea's Spiritual Outlook ……………….. 630 Cary ……………………………………. 826> – Cloud on the Sunrise Kingdom ………… 773 Lahrador, Rebuilding at Nain …………….. 871 – Dangerous Thoughts in ………………… 403 – Reindeer for …………………………… 574 – Daughter's Service …………………….. 233 – Demand for Bibles …………………….. 748 Latin America, 1922 in, Webster E. Browning 732 – Far Reaching Program on …………….. 841 – – Holy Week in Salvador …………….. 154 – Glimpses of Child Life in, Amy C. Bosan- _ – Home Missions in …………………… 64 _ – Mexican Presbyterians ……………… 63 quet ………………………………….. 817 – – Pan American Conference …………… 220 – Important Facts About ………………… 782 Lausanne, Mission Study at ………………. 577 – Industrial Mission that Evangelizes, GUY Laymen Winning Souls …………………… 61 Laymen's Conference, Southern ………….. 61 C. Converse …………………………… 006 _ Juvenile Court Records ……………. 585, 856 Lepers, Church for American …………….. 573 – General Wood and the …………………. 490 – Kagawa, Christian Labor Leader, H. W. Myers ………………………………… R07 =- Help Each other ………………………. 750 i1:~~~J~p~e:fd. :::::::: ::::: ::::::::::::: ::::: : : – Militarism on Wane ……………………. 313 – Missionary Hunger Areas in, H. Conrad Leprosy in South America, Webster E. Browning ……………………………… 7()4 Ostrom ……………………………….. 795 _ New Bishops of Tokyo and Osaka ……… 660 – World Problem …………………………lOSS – – Business Conditions …………………. 482

VIII

Page Page Lincoln, Living Memorials to, Gladys P. Wil- – Contributions to American Life, Rodney liamson ……………………………….. 219 W. Roundy ……………………………. 453 Literature-Library in a Handkerchief …… 225 – Migrations …………………………….. 573 London, New Bible College ……………….. 409 – Ministers as Students ………………….. 219 Looking. Backward over 1922 ……………… 5 – Youth, Christian Work for, Channing H. Loyalty Illlands, Loyalty in ………………. 157 Lutheran Church, Norwegian …………….. 940 Tobias ………………………………… 200 – Missionary Work, American, George Drach 457 Negroes-Boys and Girls Behind the Color – World Convention ……………………… 872 Lutherans in East Africa ………… ,…….. 71 Line, Robert R. Moton ………………… 917 Lynching, Efforts to Stop ………………… 407 – Leave the South, Why …………………. 940 – Southern Women Fight …………………10W New Zealand, Bible in ……………………. 949 Mackay, At the Grave of Alexander ………. 675 Nicaragnan Preacher, A ………………….. 221 Madras, Union Christian College ………… 1017 Nigeria-Christians and Polygamy ………. 476 Malaysia-Batak Mission …………………. 400 – Christians in ………………………….. 656 Men as Intercessors, John R. Mott ……….. 54 – New Work in '" ……………………….. 579 – Mission Study for ……………………… 52 – Persecutor Baptized ……………………. 150 Mesopotamia, Advance Step in ……………. 149 – Social Life in ………………………….. 655 – Importance of …………………………. 581 Nuranie Pulls Her Blinds Up, Amy Wilson – Missions in 'Iraq ………………………. 323 – New Work in ………………………….1034 Carmichael ……………………………. 695 – Value of ……………………………….. 478 Old World Graves and New World Chris- Methodist Budget for Year ……………….. 4{)6 . -'- Temple, Chicago's ……………………… 573 tians, Mills J. Taylor …………………. 45 – W·ork in Siberia ……………………….. 153 Opium be Legalized? Shan ………………. 480 .Methodlsts and K. of C. . …………………. 94, – in China, Return of …………………… 143 Mexican Border, On the ………………….1027 – Officially Protected …………………….. 481 – Children in the Southwest, Vernon M. – Question, The …………………………… 586 Orient, Women's Colleges In the ………….. 251 McCombs … . .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. . . . .. 529 Orientals …………………………………. 931 – Presbyterians ………………………….. 63 – in California …………………………… 407 Mexicans, Getting God Counted Among the, Palestine, Difficulties in ………………….. 657 – English Jews in ……………………….. 862 Robert N. McLean ……………………. 359 – Government, The ………………………. 411 – In Los Angeles ………………………… 664 – Harnessing the Jordan ………………… 579 Mexico-Chiapas, A Ripe Field In, Paul – New Courts in ………………………….. 657 – Non-Cooperation in ……………………. 579 Burgess ……….. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. 204 Panama, Christian Strategy in …………… 486 – Cost of Discipleship in, W. Reginald Papua, Conflicting Forces in, Charles W.

Wheeler ………………………………. 179 Abel ………………………………….. 377 – Education for ………………………….. 575 Papuans In New Guinea, Transforming, – New Life in ……………………………. 153 – Presbyterians In ……………………….. 408 Charles W. Abel ………………………. 187 – Union Evangelical Training …………… 154 Paraguay, Turmoil in ……………………. 868 Migrant Work ……………………………. 307 Paris Mission Society, Centenary of the ….. 65 – Workers, Neglected Chifdren of, Sara A. Persia-Factory for Men …………………. 149 – Opening in Shiraz ……………………… 478 Brown ………………………………… 515 – Refugees Return to Urumla …………… 228 Migrants, Service to ……………………… 212 – Return of Urumia Refugees …… _……… 69 Mission to the Aristocracy of India, Rebecca – Twenty-five Years Ago and Now, Robert J. Parker ……………………………… 109 E. Speer ………………………………. 33 Missionaries? Whence Come New ……….. 683 Missionary Books Read, How to Get, Mrs. T. Persian Governor's Tribute ……………….. 412 Personals, Missionary ……………………. . D. Gordon …………………………….. 645 – Council at Oxford, International, Mrs. H. . .. … . , .3, 239, 331, 494, 590, 595, 675, 771, 882, 956 Pern and the Vatican …………………….. 319 W. Peabody …………………………… 837 – Christian Work In …………………….. 937 – Education Movement Travel Department . 414 – ReUgious Liberty in ……………………1028 – Methods for Men, Mrs. E. C. Cronk ……. 51 Phinney, F. D., C. Starr Barker ………….. 293 Missionary's Equipment, A (Poem), J. Hud- Phonetic Script, Use of …………………… 143 Pocket Testament League. The ……………. 42fi son Taylor ……………………………. 217 Poland, Methodist Schools in …………….1001 Mohammedanism-Secret Ex-Moslem Believ- Praver in a Mine …………………………. 573 – Week of ………………………………..1004 ers ……………………………………. 579 Presbyterian Alliance In ZUrich ………….. 942 Moody Institute, Life Dedication at ………. 317 – – Meeting ………………………………1038 Moravian Missions Conference ……………. 89 – Board Reorganized …………………….. 484 Moravians in Labrador …………………… 318 – Budget Readjustment ………………….. 219 Mormon Invasion of the East …………….. 939 Prisons, Bible in Italian …………………. 6~ – Statistics, Some ………………………… 486 Prohibition for Bhopal, India …………….. 399 Mormonism Outside of Utah ……………… 414 – Women and ……………………………. 474 – Report …………………………………. 650 Protestant Bureau, Central ……………….. 409 Moslem Attitudes, Two ……………………. 228 Protestantism's Sore PUght ……………… 488 – Gradultte, First ………………………… 477 Hamabai's Successor ……………………… 754 – Hatred of Christians …………………… 863 Rangoon Press and Its Superintendent, The, – Propaganda in Berlin …………………. 577 – Women Drop Veil. More ……………….. fl~7 C. Starr Barker ………………. '" ……. 293 – World, Situation in the, S. M. Zwemer … 267 Religions of the World …………………… 324 Moslems and Anti-Christ ………………….. 70 Religious Progress in America …………… 335 – and Anti-Christ, The, Arthur T. Upson … 131 Rescne Work-Helping Girl Mothers ……… 4{)6 – Invade New York ……………………… 316 Revival in MissiSSippi, A ………………… 485 – Literature for …………………………. 411 Rhenish Mission, Difficulties of the ………. 65 – Tracts for ……………………………… 475 Rhodesia, Embarassment of Success in ……1002 Mothers' Day f'ubject, A …………………. 372 Roman CathoUcs in Italy and Ohio ……….1030 Mottoes for Missionary Meetings …………. 358 Rome, Bibles Burned in ………………….. 867 Near East-Airpl"nes Replace Camels ……. 945 Rumania, Bigotry in …………………….. 153 – – America and th" ……………………. 61 Rnral Community Team Work, Coe Hayne .. 544 – – "Being Punished" …………………… 477 Russia and Religion, Soviet ………………. 886 – – Disturbing Outlook ………………….. 296 – and the Y. M. C. A…………………….. 224 – – Future of the Patriarchate ………….. 863 – Rolshevists Anti-Christian …………….. 759 – – Opportunitv to Tra;'l Leaders ………. 755 – Boy Scouts in …………………………. %5 – – Pan-Orthodox Synod ………………… 7~ – ERt.honia, Baptists in ………………….. 654 – – Prntecting- the Investment …………… 7~ – Illiteracy in …………………………… 942 – Mpssenger to ………………………….. 67 – – Relief, Union In ……………………..1033 – – Statistics ……………………………. 68 – "Presbyter;anski" Church …………….. m – – What a Secretary Saw in the, C. V. – Religious Situation in, L. O. Hartman .. , 611 Vickrev ……………………………….. 218 – Twofold Famine in ……………………. 252 Negro and the Nation, The (Report) …….. 853 Russian Refugees, Work for ……………… 489 Page Page – Sacrilege .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 224 Temperance-Anti-Prohibition Forces ……. 217 Russia's Religious Chaos …………………. 421 – Work in France ……………………….. 488 Salvador, Holy Week in ………………….. 154 Thoburn, Bishop Harry Farmer ………….. 263 Salvation Army in India …………………. 310 Tibet-Challenge ………………………….. 402 Santo Domingo, Missions in ………………. 574 – Sundar Singh in ……………………… 659 ~ – Progress in ………………………. 221, 665 Tibetans, Missions to ……………………..1()37 – – Union Work in ……………………… 937 Today (Poem) ……………………………. 652 School for Practical Arts ………………..1()25 Tokyo Derelicts, Work for ……………….. 661 Schools, Non-Christians in Missionary …… 679 Turkey-Aintab News ……………………. 227 – of Missions ……………………………. 141 – American Interests in …………………. 148 Schnltz, Dan, Coe Hayne ………………… 712 – and the Missionaries …………………… 170 Scotch Missionary Campaign ……………… 32() – Christian Schools in …………………… 322 – – Conference ………………………….. 64 – Church and State in …………………… 1033 Scouting and Camp Fire Work, Ray O. Wy- – Foreign Advisers for ………………….. 657 – Going Forward in …………………….. 969 land ………………………………….. 536 – Kemal and Mohammed …………………. 323 Siam-Buddhist Inquirer …………………. 753 – Missionary Situation in, Ernest W. Riggs 18), – Chiengmai Press ………………………. 230 – Republic of …………………………… lool! – Last Stand of Buddhism, .John Nelson – Under the New Treaty, Mission in …….. 777 Turkish Diplomacy and Christianity …….. 247 Mills ………………………………….. RSo Turks Oust the Sultan ……………………. 67 – Recent Progress in, R. O. Franklin …… 979 – Think of the Y. M. C. A., What ……….. 185 Siamese Christian Boys …………………..1035 Union Among Filipinos, Church ………….. 405 Siberia, Methodist Work in ………………. 163 – Episcopalians Form ……………………. 317 Singapore-Value of Faith ……………….. 946 – in Cleveland, Church ………………….. 572 Slavic Peoples, Conference on ……………. 63 – – England, Methodist …………………. 409 – Population, Our ……………………….. 406 – Progresses, Methodist ………………….. 869 Social Service, Missionary ……………….. 315 – Work in Santo Domingo ……………….. 937 South America, Progress in ……………….1028 Unity, Progress Toward ………………….. 235 Soviet, Methodists and the ……………….. 321 Utah, Christian Strategy in ………………. 318 Spain, Federation in ……………………… 758 Vacation Bible Schools …………………… 155 – Outlook in …………………………….. 489 – School Work …………………………… 919 – Religious Tolerance in ………………… 8 Venezuela, Enemies Reconciled in ……….1928 – ReligioUS Work in …………………….. 410 Waldensian Work in Rome ……………….. 322 Spanish-Speaking People in the U. S…….. 211 Waldensians in Sicily …………………….. 224 – – Work in Southwest …………………. 62 Who is to Blame?, .J. Lovell Murray…….. 9 Sparks from the Home Missions Anvil, B. C. W,hy Burns Gave Up Business, Coe Hayne .. fi44 Winning an Army for Christ. Hwang Cn'jng 627 Hening ……………………………….. 634 Woman Who Went Eight Times Over, The ..1010 Statistics for 1922, Denominational ……….. 336 – Movement in .Japan, The ………………. 145 Story Telling, Missionary Possibilities of, Woman's Foreign Mission Bulletin, Mrs. H.

Mrs. E. C. Cronk ……………………… 207 W. Peabody. Gertrude Schultz and Sara Student Assembly, International ………….. 760 Polhemus …………………. _….. , ….. .. – Conference, Canadian ………………….. 317 58, 137, 214, 302:, 395, 472, 569, 646, 741, 934, 1017 – Federation .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. … 577 Woman's Home Mission BuHet.,n, Florence K – Fellowship for Christian Life Service …. 747 Quinlan ……………………………… . – Ministry, A Great ……………………… 222 55, 139, 211, 3oo, 392, 469, 566, 650,745, 851, 931, 1021 – Volunteer Convention, Coming ………… 965 Woman's National Enforcement Committee..1019 – Volunteers, British … : …………………. 101 Women of the Sudan, (a) Mrs. D. S. Oyler .. 999 – – Chinese ……………………………… 73 – United Presbyterian …………………… 663 – Work ………………………………….. 306 Women's Work in the Metropolis, Edith H. Students and Christianity, Chinese ………. 245 White …………………………………. 637 – Summer Service by Christian ………….. 333 World Conditions-Who is to Blame?, .J. Study of Souls in Central Africa, A, W. C. Lovell Murray ………………………… 9 – Congress, Baptist ………………………. 414 Willoughby …………………………… 13 – New Year Around the …………………. 5 Sudan-New Words Needed ……………….. 150 Y. M. C. A. and the Churches …………….. 341 – Women of the, Mrs. D. S. Oyler ……… 999 – in Cairo ……………………………….. 225 Suicide, To Prevent ………………………. 485 – Revival ………………………………… 217 Sundar Singh in Tibet ……………………. 659 – Russia and the ………………………… 224 Sunday-school Headquarters in .Japan …… 749 Yaiima, Madame Kaji, Mrs. Henry Topping. 812 – – Progress, Recent, W. C. Pearce …….1004 Young Men Need, Three Things, Henry – – – in South America ………………..1028 Denlng ……………………………….. 552 – World Wide …………………………… 507 Young People-.Junior Laymen ……………. 938 Sunday-schools, Communist ………………. 409 Young, Results of Religious Work for the, – – Lloyd George on ….. .. …………….. 516 Herbert W. Gates …………………….. 553 Sweden, Religious Progress in ……………1()30 Youth and Some of Its Perils, Owen R. Love· Switzerland-Reformed and Presbyterian joy ……………………………………. 509 – (;"mpaign for American ……………….. 508 Conference ……………………………. 577 – Movements in Europe and America ……. 503 Syria, Bigotry Breaking Down ……………. 580 – Encouraged, Workers in ……………….. 766 – Good News from ………………………. 227 – Greek Refugees in …………………….. 41~ – Palace for an Orphanage ………………. 477 NEW BOOKS Page Pae:e Abel of Kwato, A. Gratten Hall ………….. 763 British North Borneo, Owen Rutter ………. 877 Adventuring with Sister Abigail, Grace K. Brnthering the Boy. W. ,Edward Rafferty … 587 Buddhism and Buddhists In Southern Asia; Swanger ………………………………. 78 African Adventurers, .Jean Kenyon Mackenzie ~2n K . .J. Saunders ……………………….1042 Alexander Duff, William Paton …………..1041 Bushido: The SoUl of .Japa"}, Jnazo Nitobe .. 874 All in a Lifetime, Henry Morganthau ……. 764 Cannibal Land, Martin .Johnson ……….. '… 493 Annual Meeting of Home Missions Council, 951 Child Garden In India. Amelia .Josephine Apostolic Age, The, William Bancroft Hill .. 766 Asa-Ko Hirooka. An Autobiography …….. 874 Burr and Louise Clark ……………….. 588 At the Master's Feet, Sadhu Sundar Sine:h .. 325 China in the Family of Nations, Henry T. Atlas of the World and Gazetteer for 1923 .. 879 Back to the Long Grass, Dan Crawford ….. 491 Hodgkin ………………………………. lOO9 Beasts, Men and Gods, Ferdinand Ossen- China's Crossroads, Elliott L. Osgood …….. 492 China's Place in the Sun. Stanley High ….. 765 dowski ………………………………… 493 Christian Crusade for a Warless World, The, Between the Lines in Asia Minor, Mary Caro- Sidney L. Gulick ……………………… 767 line Holmes ………………………….. 879 Christian Endeavor Missionary Programs, .Julia Lake Skinner …………………… 671 Page Page Christian Literature In Moslem Lands …. 1043 Missionary Program Material for Primary Christian Movement In Japan, The ………. 764 Christianity and Civilization in the South and Junior Grades, Anita B. Ferris …… 879 Mlssionary Stories for Little Folks, Margaret PaCific, W. Allen young ………………. 80 T. Applegarth ………………………… 588 Christianity and the Race Problem, Robert Mustard Seed in Japan, The, Wm. M. Vories 238 E. Smith ……………………………… 237 Negro Year Book, 1921-1922, Edited by Mon- Church in America, The, William Adams roe N. Work ………………………….. 880 Brown ………………………………… 415 New Missionary Series, The (Ten Volumes) 879 New Tasks for Old Churches, Roger W. Bab- Colloquial Chinese, A. N. J. Whymant …… 79 Confronting Young Men with the LIving son …………………………………… 238 New Zambasi Trail, The, C. W. Macintosh.. 76 Christ, John R. Mott …………………. 95~ Next Door Neighbors, Margaret T. Apple- Congo Missionary Conference Report …….1042l Constantinople Today, The Pathfinder Survey 236 garth …………………………………. 588 Contacts with Non-Christian Cultures, Daniel On the Trail of the Peacemakers, Fred B.

Johnson Fleming ……………………… 876 Smith ………………………. ………… 79 Creative Forces In Japan, Galen M. Fisher .. 874 Pandita Ramabal, Clementina Butler …….. 763 Czecho-Slovaks in America, Kenneth D. Mil- Parent and the Child, The, Henry F. Cope .. 587 Parenthood and Child Nature, Edna Dean ler ……….. …………….. …………… 78 Demonlsm Verified and Analyzed, Hugh W. Baker …………………………………. 587 Persian Sketches, J. H. Linton …………… 953 White …………………………………. 160 Pioneer Doctor and Other Stories from Doc- Dramatized MIssionary Stories, Mary M. tors, Nurses and Others in India, China Russell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 671 and Africa ……………………………. 588 Education in Africa (Report) ……………. 415 Poles in America, The, Paul Fox …………. 78 Evolution of the Japanese, Sidney L. Gulick 874 Political Development of Japan, George Faith of Japan, The, Tsaku Harada ………. 874 Etsujlro Uyehara ……………………… 874 Firebrand of the Indies, The, E. K. Seth- Political History of Japan Under the Meijl Era, Walter Wallace McLaren ………… 873 Smith ………………………. '" ……… 160 Psychology of Adolescence, The, Frederick Following the Pioneers, Joseph C. Robbins . 953 Tracy …………………………………. 587 From the Forest, Amy Carmichael ……….. 78 Racial Studies-American Series …………. 78 Geschichte der Evangelischen Mission in Real Japanese Question, The, K. K. Kawak- ami …………………………………… 874 Afrika, JuliUS Richter ………………… 669 Religion of the Lower Races, E. W. Smith ..1043 Golden Bough, The, J. G. Frazer …………. 953 Religion of Science, The, William H. Wood . 768 Gospel and the Plow, The, Sam Higginbottom 326 Religion of the Primitives, The, Alex. LeRoy 158 Great First Work of the Church, Missions, Revolt Against Civilization, The, Lothrop Stoddard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . 77 Wilbur B. Stover ……………….. ; …… 7111 Revolt of Youth, The, Stanley High ……… 588 Greatheart of th,e South, The, Gordon Poteat 78 Rock Breakers, P. H. J. Lerrigo …………. 491 Greeks In America, .J. P. Xenides ………… 237 'Round the Round World, Paul Rader ……. 8D Handbook of Modern Japan, Ernest Clement 873 Russian I=igrant, The …………………. 668 Head Hunter arid Other Stories of the Philip- Russians and Ruthenians in America, Jerome Davis …………………………………. 78 pines, Bruce L. Kershner …………….. 79 Scientific Christian Thinking for Young Peo- Henry Loomis, Clara D. Loomis ………….1041 ple, Howard Agnew Johnston ………….. 766 Henry Martyn, Confessor of the Faith …… 875 Short History of Japan, A, E. W. Clement .. 873 Hill Tribes of Fiji, A. B. Brewster ……….. 764 Short History of the Near East, A, William History of Christianity in Japan (2 Vols.), Stearns Davis ………………………… 492 South America From. a Surgeon's Point of Otis Cary ……………………………… 873 View, Franklin H. Martin …………….. 877 History of the Japanese People, F. Brinkley gn Story of Grenfell of the Labrador, The, Dil- History of the Yorubas. Samuel Johnson ….1040 lon Wallace …………………………… 671 India and Its Missions, Capuchin Mission Story of Japan, The, David Murray ……… 873 Studies in the Life and Teaching of Jesus, Unit ………………………………….. 668 John Porteous ………………………… 76& India Inklings, Margaret T. Applegarth ….. 80 Sunrise in Aztec Land, Wm. A. Ross …….. 667 India Old and New, Sir Valentine Chirol …. 76 Things Japanese, B. H. Chamherlain …….. 874 India's Religion, Julius Richter …………1039 Thousand Miles from a Post Office, J. Loft- Ins and Outs of Mesopotamia, The, Thomas house …………………………………. 765 Training of Children in the Christian Home, Lyell …………………………………. 667 Luther Allen Weigle ………………….. 587 Intensive Powers on the Western Slopes, L. Triumph of the Gospel in the New Hebrides, Frank L. Paton ……………………….. 669 C. Barnes …………………•…………. 767 Unfinished Tasks, Homer McMlllan ………. 1110 Intercourse Between the United States and Ways of Ah Sin, Charles R. Shepherd …… 951 West African Romance, A, A. E. Southon … 903 Japan, Inazo Nltobe ………………….. 874 What is the Y. M. C. A.?, PaUl Super ……. 954 J. W. Thinks Black, J. S. Stowell ………… 326 What ;s There in Religion?, Henry Sloane James W. Bashford, George Richmond Grose 875 Coffin …………………………………. 766 Japan-An Attempt at Interpretation, La- What Japan Thinks, K. K. Kawakami ……. 874 Williamu-Mariner, Missionary, Ernest H. feadio Hearn …………………………. 873 Hayes ………………………………… 763 Japan In Transition, Loretta L. Shaw ……. 766 Willibrord, Missionary In the Netherlands, Japan, Real and Imaginary, Sidney Greenble 873 Alexander Grieve ……………………… 6£8 Japanese Life in Town and Country, George With P'u and His Brigands, Mrs. Howard Taylor ………………………………… 763 W. Knox ……………………………… 873 Within the Gateways of the Far East, Japanese Nation, The, Inazo Nitobe ……… 874 Charles R. Erdman …………………… 763 Jew and His Mission, Henry Ostrom ……..1039 Woman and the Leaven in Japan, The, Char- Karen People of Burma, The, Harry 1. Mar- lotte B. De Forest …………………….. 875 Women of 1922. The …………………….. , .. 879 shall ………………………………….. 878 Wonderland of India, The, Helen M. Rockey Life Under Two Flags, James Demarest and Harold B. Hunting ……………….. 326 Work and Play in the Grenfell MiSSion, H. Eaton …………………………………. 238 P. and F. E. Greeley …………………. 588 Lure of the Leopard Skin, The, .Josephine H. World's Great Religiolls Poetry, The, Com- piled by Caroline Hill …………………. 763 Westervelt ……………………………. 79 Manual of Archive Administration, A, Hilary Jenkinson .,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 954 Mastery of the Far East, The, Arthur Judson Brown ………………………………. :. 874 Measure of a Mari, The (Life of W. A.

Shedd), Mary L. Shedd ……………….. 159 Message of Buddhism, The, Subhadra Bhlkkhu ………………………………. 236 Midst Volcanic Fires, Maurice Frater …….. 493 Ministry as a Life Work, The, Robert L.

Webb …………………………………. 1111 Missionary Heroes of Africa, The, J. H. Mor- rison ………………………………….. 325 Missionary Messages, James F. Love …….. 416

The Missionary Review of the World — 1920 Index

Missionary

Review of the World VOL. XLIII OLD SERIES VOL. XXXIII NEW SERIES Founded in 1878 by Editor·in·Chief, 1888 to 1911 ~EV. ROYAL G. WILDER, D. D. REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON, D. D.

JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1920 EDITOR DELAVAN L. PIERSON HENRIETTA M. HYSLOP, ASSISTANT EDITOR EDITORIAL ASSOCIATES MRS. WM. H. FARMER MRS. E. C. CRONK Woman's Foreign Mission Bulletin Best Methods Department FLORENCE E. QUINLAN Woman's Home Mission Bulletin RANDOLPH H. HOWLAND, Business and Advertising Manager EDITORIAL COUNCIL REV. ALFRED WILLIAMS ANTHONY, D. D. fRS. HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY REV. F. C. STEPHENSON. M. D. W. E. DOUGHTY MRS. PHILIP M. ROSSMAN REV. MILES B. FISHER, D. D. FEN NELL P. TURNER REV. CHARLES L. WHITE, D. D. Rltv. W. H. GRIFFITH THOMAS, D. D. REV. ROBERT P. WII,DER REV. A. W. HALSEY, D. D. REV. L. B. WOLF, D. D. JOHN W. WOOD, D. C. L. REV. S. G. INMAN MRS. O. R. JUDD REV. RALPH WELLES KEEI,ER, D. D.

COPYRIGHTED, 1920—PUBLISHED BY THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC.

COOPERSTOWN, N. Y. AND 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW'YORK BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, p,'esident PROF. HARLAN P. BEACH FRANK L. BROWN, Vice~President MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer FLEMING H. REVEI,L DJ;;LAVAN L. Pn:aSON, Secretary DICKINSON W. RICHARDS ~v. W. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, PH.D. REV. CHARLES R. WATSON, D. D.

"MRS. E. C. CRONK

OF ONE VOLUME OF THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

Each year the RIlvIIlW contains the equivalent of twenty-one volume_, a complete library of Missions, on the history, .:nethods, principles, and progress of Missions, and the Hves of Missionaries and Native Converts. Each small volume would contain about 30,000 words (150 pages).

INDEX FOR 1920 MAPS, CHARTS AND POSTERS Page Foreign Mission Fields,-Unoccupied ……. 170 AFGHANISTAN, Forbidden Land of. ….. 864 INDIA, Ceylon, Afghanistan, Population of 188 – India, Ceylon, Population of. ……….• 188 Indian Reservations and Schools ………. 988 AFRICA, Mohammedan Population of…… 186 Interchurch General Budget 1920••••.•.••. 252 ALBANIA, Its Unredeemed Territories …. 781 JAPAN, Population of. ………………. 188 Americans, Unchurched Protestant. …….. 175 Ministerial Salaries ………………… , 200 ASIA, Unevangelized Central………….. 96 Ministers, Where They Live and Preach.: .. 191 BRAZIL, Comparative Size with U. S…… 172 Religious Distribution of Children ……… '. 199 Centenary Movement, Financial Campaign .. 215 – Bodies in U. S., Statistics ………….. 253 CEYLON, Afghanistan, India~ Population of 188 – Instruction, Hours Provided Annually …. 197 Childhood, Neglect of in U. ~………….. 195 Student Volunteers, Distribution of. .. VII (Feb) CHINA, Areas Served by Christian Colleges 798 UNITED STATES, Neglect of Childhood in 195 – Areas Unclaimed by Protestant Missions 173 – Population per Square Mile …………. 190 Cooperation, Denominational in Home and – Religious Statistics for ……………… 252 World Sunday School Enrolment. ……… 330 Foreign Missions ……………….. 225 PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS AFRICA, Arguments for Medical Missions CHINA, Woman's Bible Class in ………. 365 in West ………………………… 620 Chinese Family Altar Certificate ………. 639 Christmas Tree Frame ………. _……. __ 1046 – Good Raw Material ……………….. 350 Christmas Trees, Living ………. _…….. 1046 – Mission, Crowd of Bible Students in a Clock in Office of Kosuge Prison _. . . . . . . .. 502 Cloud, Henry Roe …….. __ '" ….. _….• 995 West ………………………….. 351 Community House in Lumber Camp ……. 708 -Sundar School Class of Girls in West …. 349 Coolie Women, Japan …. _……. _.. _…. _ 128 Akana, Rev. Akaika …………………. 688 ALASKA, Christian Indian Girl of…….. 40 Culion, Inside Hospital at. …… _. . . . . . .. 605 Alaskan Indian Baby………………… 39 – Leper Colony ……………….. _…. , 601 – Indians._ Pagan Ceremonies of………. 41 Deaf in Chefoo, Teaching the. _. . • . . . . . . . •• 536 Albanian Highlanders at Home ………… 779 Dodd, William Clifton ……………….. 102 Aleppo, Armenian Refugees in………… 21 Doleib Hill, Missionary Clinic .. _………. 523 Arab of Inland Arabia ………………… 1046 ECUADOR, Ice Cream Seller in_……. 49 ARABIA, Inside Dispensary of American – Street Scene in Guayaquil………….. 47 Edmunds, Dr. C. K ……….. _…… _.. __ . 793 Mission, Kuweit ………………… 1 Arabia, Arab of Inland ……………….. 1046 Equipment Which Can Be Sent to Mis- Arabia, New Hospital for Women ……… 1075 sionaries ……………………….. 910 Armenian Girl-uThe Mark of the False Eskimos Drilling in Ivory at Port Clarance.. 35 Proohet" ………………………. 23 Exhibits, Missionary ………………… 54 – Refugees in Aleppo………………… 21 Family Altar Certificate, Chinese……….. 639 – Refugees Learning Motion Song…….. 25 FIJI, Free Indian Girl in ……………… 279 – Refugees Returning Home………….. 24 – Mohammedan Moulvi in. _… _. . . . . . . . .. 277 Belgian Gospel Mission Brussels………. 45 Filipino Teachers, Class of Christian . . . . . . _ 607 BELGIUM, Queen Elizabeth and Mrs. R. C. Governor of Kosuge Prison, Christian…… 503 Grant, William Henry _… _……………. 792 Norton ………………………… 43 GUATEMALA, Carrying Image . . . . . . . . . . 679, Bible Picture Roll in Tibet……………. 547 – , Indian Boy of ….. _.. _. . . . . . . . . . . . . • .. 681 – Students in West Africa ……………. 351 – Three Indian Converts. _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 683 Brazil, Indians of. …………………… 1046 Guayaquil, Street Scene in……………. 47 Brazil, Indian Dance …………………. 1046 Happer, Dr. A. P_ … _.. _. _… _……•…. 792 Buddhist Temple, Honolulu…………… 687 Burrall, Jessie……………………….. 379 HAWAII, Japanese Child in …. _………. 686 Byzantine Basilica at Carthage………… 706 – Kinderga,rten Meltinl'!" Pot…………. . 685 Cairo, Sunday School, Opportunities in ….. 356 – Sample of Religion in New …….• _• . . .. 509 Canton Christian College, Administration – Sample of Old … _… __ . _…… _…….. 508 Building ………….' ……………. 795 Hawaiian Children in Mission School……. 513 – Students, Arts, and Sciences Department 797 Honolulu As It Looks Today ….•.•……. 507 – River Front and Boat Population …….. 791 – Boys of Mission School in ………….. 514 Car Shops, Noon Meeting in ……………. 1046 – Buddhist Temple in ……………….. 687 – Mission Building in ……………….. 515 Chart ……………………………… 1046 Hospital for Women in Kuweit …••…••••• Chefoo School, Teaching the Deaf in the …• 536 Cheng Ching-Vi, Dr………………….. 801 D Inca Indians, Ignorant and Poor ……..•. 965 – Mission School for Inca Indians…….. 1169 – In Peru, A Protestant Mission School for 969 Peruvian Cities, Two Characteristics of the INDIA, Baptismal Service …………..•. 189 Situation in ……………………… 1165 – Open Air, Sunday School in ………… 369 PHIL~PPINE IS., Approaching Culion ..• 603 – Phonograph Winning Audience ………• 854 – Rev. David Gordon in Traveling Work- – Cu!tOn Leper Colony………………… 601 – Gomg to Sunday School m the ..•…..•. 609 shop ………………………….. 255 – Inside Hospital at Culion …………… 605 – Some Native Christian Evangelists …… 253 – Protestant Chapel at Culion…………. 606 Indian Baby, Alaskan ….. _. . . . . . . . . • . . . . 39 Phonetic Script in China, Teachin~ the….. 368 – Boy of Guatemala …………………. 681 Phonetics Laboratory, Apparatus m ..•••..• 703 – Dancers at a Religious Festival ………. 960 "Primaries" at Riverton, N. J…………. 822 – Girl of Alaska, Christian……………. 40 Prison in Tokyo, Recently Built………… 500 Indian Appeal, South American ………… 1046 Refugees Learning Motion Song Artnenian.. 25 Indian Dance, Brazil. ………………. .. 1046 Roe Indian Institute, Cottage Homes •..•.• 996 Indians of S. A. Tierra del Fuego ………. 1046 RUSSIA, Moscow Y. M. C. A. Club ……• 265 Indians in Market, Cuzco, Peru………… 950 – Sacred Entrance to the Kretnlin ……..• 241 Indian Woman and Baby, S. A ………… 1068 – Stirring Up Religious Spirit in …….•.. 263 Interchurch Cabinet at Luncheon Conference 179 Sadhu Sundar Singh…………………. 611 – World Movement Cabinet. ………….. 161 Samuel, Sir Herbert……………….•.. 1048 JAPAN, Baby Organ in Service for Christ.. 854 – Boys Imitating Buddhist Festivals in…. 790 Shultz, Mr. and Mrs. Dan …………….. 975 – Coolie Women in Lumber yard …….. 128 – The Labor Evangelist, Dan •…..••.••• 977 – Possibilities in …………………..• 499 Seoul, First Member Cradle Ron .•.•….••.• 541 – Mission Kindergarten in ……………• 359 Soutb American Indian Appeal. ……….. 1046 – Wayside Scene in …………………. 753 South American Indian Woman and Bay .. 1068 Japanese Child in Hawaii. ……………. 686 – Coolie Women Coaling Steamer………• 125 South America, Tierra del Fuego Indians .• 1046 – Day Laborers Waiting for Work …….. 50t – Sunday School Rally in……………. 540 Jerusalem, Waiting for Sunday School to SIAM,. ~azaar Sc.ene,in Ke~gtunf(………. 109 – Chtlstlan Family m Ch,engra'………. 112 Open ………………………•…. 353 – Mountain Village in ……………….. 104 Kanamori, Rev. Paul. ……………….. 577 – Touring in Northern ………..•…….. 105 – Children of Paul…………………… 587 – Two Princesses Bin. ..M..u.a.n.g. .L..a.a.m….•……•…..•. 107 Kindergarten in JapanI-. Mission. . . . . . . . . . .. 359 Simpson, Dr. A. 267 KOREA, Giving Out Tracts from Ford …. 897 Singh, Sahu Sundar………………….. 611 Korean Christian Congregation…………. 187 SO~TH AMERICA, S. S. Teacher Training – Christians and Missionary, Group of. …. 811 Books ., …………………. _. . . . .• 363 Kosuge Prison ..,…………………. 504, 507 South American Indian Dancers at Religious Kremlin, Sacred Entrance to ………….. 241 Festival ……………•……….. " 1160 Kuwejt, Inside Dispensary American Mission 1 Student Volunteer Convention Des Moines, Living Christmas Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1098 Ia. ……………………………• 81 LIU CHIU IS., Busy Street in Naha …..• 769 Sudanese Boys in Sunday School……….. 357 – Christian Chapel…………………… 771 Sunqay School at Omdurman, Sudanese Boys – Market Scene in ………………….. 763 zn .•.•. " .••.•. " •• " •• '" ••••••••••• 357 Liu Chiuan Worshipping Before Tomb ….. 767 – Class in West Africa …..••……..•• " 349 – Grandmother …………………….. 765 – In India, Open Air……………….. 369 Lolodorf HOlOpital, Children and Mothers at 620 – Pageant in Manila ……•………..••.. 331 Lumber Camp, Modern Sanitary ……….. 981 – Rany in Tokyo ……………………. 335 Manila, Sunday School Pageant in ……..• 331 Medical Missions in Africa, Argutnents for .. 620 – Work, Leaders of World Wide …….••• 321 Missionary Clinic, 'Doleib Hill . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523 TIBET, Bible Picture Ron. in …•.•.•..•..• 547 "Miss Friend" ……………………… 1007 Tibetan, Priest, Typical……………….. 911 Mormon Temple in Hawaii. ……………. 689 "Morning Star," Missionary Ship ………. 511 – Priests Blowing Trumpets ………..••• 101 Moslem·Christian Debate, Group Taking – Table Lands and Mountain Peaks……. 91 – Twical .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . . . . . • .• 97 Part in ………………….•……. 875 Tibetans at Religious Festival………….. 93 – Lad Who Needs Christ…………….. 704 "Timothl' Stand-by" …………………. 372 – Women at Tomb …………………. _ 665 Tokyo, Beauties of Springtime in .••..••••• 289 Moslems at Prayer, North Africa …….••• 185 – Interior of Slutn…………………… 127 Noon Day Meeting, Dan Schultz_ ……… 977 NoW] Meeting in Carp Shops ………….. 1079 – Sunday School Rally in …………….. 335 N orton, Mrs. R. C. and Queen of Belgium 43 – Woman's Christian College …………•• 787 Pagan Ceretnonies of Alaskan Indians…… 41 Tunisians Drive Away Evil Spirits, How ••.• 707 Pearl of Great Price and Pearl Merchant .. 677 Wing Kwong Chung, Dr………………. 793 Woodmen's Shack, Typical Scene in …..•.• 979 PERU, Indians in Market …………….. 950 Workingmen's Lodging House, Tokyo …• 505 Y. M. C. A. Club in Moscow ••.••…•.•..• 265 Yukon Indians, Ruby, Alaska………….. 37 AUTHORS Acheson, Lila Bell . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . • . . • . • . . . 821 Calverly, E. E …..•………….•….••.• 1075 Allen, Mrs. John S…………………… 64 ,Capen, Edward Warren ……………….. 702 Anderson, Alice T.. ·………………..•.. 296 Cheng Ching-Yi, Dr…………………. 799 Anderson, Herbert ………………….. 253 Clamp, Mrs. F. H …………••…….•… 723 Applegarth, Margaret Too …………. 915, 550 Clark, James E………………………. 198 Archer, J nAo .I d aCBl a.r.k. ………… .. …………………………… 56 Clark, Joseph ………………………. 372 Atchison, 906 Col~man, H. E………………….. 359, 789 Athearn, Walter S……………………. 195 Cory, A. E …………………………. 218 Barton, James L……………………. 21 Crank, Mrs. E. C. Beck, Frank Orman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 Bennett, M. Katharine ………………… 820 55, 219, 291,379, 813, 911, 1001, 1095 Bernheisel, Mrs. C. F ………………… 895 Dako, Mrs. S. K…………………….. 779 Brain, Belle M………………………. 507 Daly, T. A. …………………………. 987 Braskamp, Otto …………………….. 365 Danner, Wm. M ……………………… ·601 Davis, Jerome ………………………. 262 Brimson, Alice W. S…….•…….•……. 1012 Day~.Mahlon H ……………………… 791 Brooks, Rev. Chas. A ….••…•…•.•…•• 984 De Mayer, Jenny …………………….. 865 Brown, Frank AL………………………………………………. 533371 Dennet, Tyler " …..•…..•.•..••..•..• , 182 Brown, Wm. Dickie, Edith C. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. • …. 899 Burges, Richard .. . . . . . • . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . .• 369 Diffendorfer, R. E……………………. 1110 Burgess, Rev. Paul …..•………..• 679, 904 Donaldson, Dwight Moo ……………….. 533 Burleson… Hugh Loo ………………….. 804 Doolittle, Geo. Coo …………………… 1084 Burton, J. W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 Doughty, W. E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Cady, Rev. George Loo ………………. 685 Dykstra, Rev. D…………………….. 675

Mrs. W. P ..•••••…..••.•••••••.••• 699 Murray, J. I,ovell

English, Frank Coo …………………… 201 Erdman, Walter C..•..•……….•..•..•.• 893 Norton, Edith Fox…………………… 43 Olson, E. W………………………… 718 Farmer, Mrs. W. H.137, 298, 549, 723, 919, 1103 O'Neill, F. W. S…………………….. 727 Ferguson, Mrs. Jno ………………….. 1011 Oxenham, John …………………….. 131 Fleming, 'Mrs. DA. .Jo,o………………………………………. 911227 Ford, Edward Oyler, D. S. ………………………..• 523 Fulton, George W.o . . . . . . 125 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000 Philcox, Henry N …………………… 377 Phillips, H. E. .. ……………………. 875 Furnistori, Foo •. 1085 0 0 0 ••• 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pierson, Delavan L …………………… 611 Gale, James Soo ……………………… 117 Goforth, Jonathan …………………… 282 Popley, H. A…….. ,.,. .. ,. …….. ,. … 543 Poteat, Edwin Moo,.,.,.,.,. .. ,. …… ,. .. 113 Gold, H. R …………………………… 291 Gonzalez, Juan 0 …………………….1069 Price, Samuel D. ……….•…•….. 362, 547 Quinlan, Florence E …… ,. .61, 226, 386, lOll Gordon, A. J. . ……………………… 973 Rade~ Re~ Paul ………………… 70~ 712 Haggard, F. P……………………. •• 185 Rainey, W. H. ……………………… 47 Hamilton, Mrs. KG.. ..W..oo…………………………………. 786939 Raymond, Mrs. C. B. …………….• ;…. 917 Harrington…. C. Rels, Jacob A …. ,0. ..•.,…,……….,…………………….. 906 Harrison, .t'aul. ……………… 597, 901, 1059 Reischauer, Helen 898 Hayne, Coe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708, 974, 1078 Reynolds, H. Coo ………. ,. …………. 179 Hellyer, Henry L. • •…•.••…..••••.•••. 297 Richardson, Norman E ………………… 337 Herrick, Ge"rge Foo ………………….. 1061 Riggs, Mary W …………•.••.•..•….•• ' 905 Higginbottom, Samuel ……………….. 262 Rohold, S. B…….. ,…. .. …….. ,.. 517 Hingeley, Jos. B…………………….. 200 Ryan, A. L …… ,.,. …. ,……………. 607 Hinkhous"," Paul AM ………………………………………… 103 Scott, Charles E…………………….. 136 Huntley, ueorge 58 Sibree, James …….•…•……….•….• 617 ~nkS' Mrs. A. E …………………….. 637 Singmaster, Elsie ……. ,. ,. ,. ,. .. ,. ….. 1002 ohnson, Mrs. Luke ………………….. 388 ohnston, Howard Agnew……………… 15 Stead, Blanche Wilson …………….•••• 997 ohnston, Mr… W. C..••..•.•••••••••••••• 530 Stock, Eugene …………•………….. 691 Taylor, S. Earl.,. .. ,. …………….. 171, 215 Thompson, Evaline A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1074 eeler, Ellen Coughlin………………… 526 Townsend, Mary …………..•..•.••.••• 912 Koenig, J. C………………………… 909 Lambuth, Bishop Walter R. ••••••••••••••• 874 Trowbridge, Stephen Van R ……………. 353 Trull, George H ………… ,………….. 343 Lehman, W. S……………………….. 621 Lewis, Elizabeth ……………………. 908 Turnbull, W. M…………….•…….••. 266 Liley, A. V …………. , ……………. 705 Upso~ Arthur Too …. ,. .. ,…………… 29 Lindquist! G. E. E …………………… _ 989 Van ""'ss, Dorothy.,. …… ,.,…………. 902 MacDona d, Caroline ………………… 499 Vince, Joseph …. ,………………….. 718 Mackenzie, Jean K …………………… 349 Wainright, S. H .. ,. .. ,.,. …. ,. .. ,.,.,.,.. 586 McBride, George M ••.•…•..•..•..• 961, 1064 White, George E…………………….. 885 White, J. Campbell .,. .. ,. .. ,…………. 211 McConaughy, David …………………. 204 Williams, Maude Newell …••……. , .•…. 903 McCormick, Elsie …………………… 213 McCrae, Lee ………….•.•..••.•••••••• 995 Wilson, J. Montgomery ……………….. 1014 McDowell, Clotilda L…………………. 913 Winton, Rev. G. Boo…………………. 693 McLeod, SCamhruiestliaAn ………………………………………… 637 Young, S. Hall,……………………… 35 Moffett, 811 Zacker, Rev. John L………………….. 721 Mott, John R. ……………………… 177 Zwemer, Samuel M ……..•. 28,2973, 624, 1089 Muir, John R …….. ; ……………….. 91 SUBJECTS-ARTICLES AND NEWS Aborigines, Japanese' …………………. 930 Alcoholism, International Congress against .. 1015 Aleppo, Importance of………………… 72 – Queensland ………….•.•..•.•…•..• 79 Almas, An Assyrian Mother (a) Mrs. W. P. ABYSSINIA, A Call from ……….. ,. … 489 AFGHANISTAN, At the Gate of, (a) Jenny Ellis ……………………………•• 699 AMERICA, Christian Education in (b) de Mayer …•….•………•…..•… 865 – On the Persian Border of (b) Dwight M. James E. Clark …………………. 198 – In Santo Domingo ……………….• 863 Donaldson .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .• 533 -Ne~,.J. Montgom~ry W.nson ………… 1014 AFRICA, A Growing Church …••….•.••• 653 — RehglOn and POhtlCS In (b) ..•..••… 669 • – Bolshevism in South……………….. 830 American Indians, Ur~ent Needs for (a) – Elevating the Women of (b) Mrs. W. C. G. E. E. LindqUIst ……………… 989 Johnston …….•..••..•……•..•…. 530 – Religious Education Survey (b) 'Walter – For Girls in South………………… 554 – Growth in East …………………… 829 S. Athearn " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • . . . . .. 195 – Idol Maker Discredited .••.. 0 ••• 0 ••••••• 932 Americanization, Best Methods for Chris- – Light in Darkest …….•..••…..••••• 653 – Mission, North …….•.•.•……•.•.•• 77 tian …….. , …•……………••••• 291 – Model City …………………..•.••• 652 – Program …. • . . . . . . . . .. ……••.•….• 389 – Mustard as Missionary Helper .•.•…••. 931 – Programs, Church •………•.•…….. 495 – Nationalism in ……………………. 1026 Americans, Interpreting the Gospel to New – New Church at Dondi ……………… 1026 – Plan to Appraise………………….. 652 (a) Chas. A. Brooks ……………… 984 – Reconstruction in West (b) Edward A. America's 'Scutcheon, A Blot on. " ; •.•••••• 494 Annual Home Mission Reports (a) …•••••• 226 Ford …………… ,. …………… 122 Antidote to Radicalism and Unrest (b) .••.• 497 – Refuge_ for Women in Nairobi. .•.••.•••• 829 Anti·Zionists Parade …………………. 561 – Soul Winning in the Jungle ………•..•. 553 Arab Nation, The New . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 – What Grew from a 'rin Church ..•.•…. 733 ARABIA, C. M. S. to R~tire from …•….. 647 – Where the Drum Calls to Sunday School – Fanatical Moslems of Central (a) Paul (a) Jean Mackenzie ………………. 349 Harrison ……………. . . . . . • . . • • . .. 597 African Life and Languages, School of .••. 932 Arabia, First Baptism in Kuweit. E. E. – Need of Organized Industry ………… 150 Africa, Nigerian Pastors' Association . . . . . . . 1117 Calverly ………………….. ~ ….. 1075 Africans, Learning Language from ……. _.. 732 ARGENTINA, New Church in ………… 234 ALASKA, Cooperation in ……….••….. 1017 ARMENIA-America Society An .•…..•.•.• 934 – Hospital for Point Barrow………….. 312 – Missions and Politics in (b) ………… 582 – The Redemption of (a) S. Hall Young .• _:' 35 Armenia's Call for Help .•………•….•.• 923 Alaska's Needs …………………….. 835 Army and Navy, Reli!?iious Work for (b)…. 12 Albanians-A- Forgotten Race, The (a) Mrs. ASIA MINOR, MisslOnary Outlook in (a) C. A. Dako……………………… 779 James L. Barton…………………. 21 ASIA, Unoccupied Fields in Central (b)…. 91 ASSOCiations, Religious Test for Student (b) 250

Mother An (a) Mrs. W. P. EIlis 699 – Christian Police Commissioner

AUSTRALIA, George Brown Memorial. … 1027 – Consecrated Wealth in .•………•…… 303 – Morality in ………………………. 836 – Conversions in Prison '" '" ………… , 825 Awakening of the Church of China (b) F. W. – Encouragement from …….•……….. 586 – Family Altar Suggestions…………… 75 S. O'Neill ……………………… 727 – Foreign Devil of Second Degree (b) Bahaism, Con!(ress of. •……………….. 1108 Balkans, SpirItual Movements in the…… 1020 Charles E. Scott. ………………… 136 – Funeral Rites in …………………… 1024 Baptist Headquarters in Rome …………. 1111 – Gospel by Boat …………………… 737 Baptist Mission, Telugu Area ………….. 147 – Importance of Bible Study in (a) Otto – Society Transferred from Boston…….. 729 Baptists Enlarge Mission Program . . . . . . . . . 310 Braskamp ………………………. 365 Basutos, French Protestant Mission to…… 150 – And Silk Industry…………………. 142 Beer Market in Asia …………………. 1023 – New Leper Asylum ………………… 1024 Best Methods .. 55, 219, 379, 813, 911, 1001, 1095 – New Soochow Hospital. ……………. 928 Beirut, Missionary Conference in ………. 924 – Opposing Forces in ………………… 1088 Belgian Gospel Mission (b) Mrs. Ralph C. – Opposition to Christianity in………… 9 Norton ………………………… 43 – Power of Prayer …………•…..•..•. 1023 BELGIUM After the War …………… 1020 – Religious Revivals in ……………..•• 859 – Before and After the War………….. 46 – Union Medical College ……………•.. 737 – "United With Heaven Business" …….. 651 – Protestallt Clinic at Brussels .•……•.•• 308 – Woman's Conference at Shanghai. .242, 242 Berean Band, The……………………. 391 – Worshipping a Rubbish Heap ………… 304 Bible Class at Pyeng yang……….•…•. 1116 China, A Serious Famine……..•…•••••. 1114 China Opposing Forces in (b) ……….. 1088 Bible Classes for Hotel Guests………••.• 220 China, Preparing the Way for Prohibition .. 1114 – In Korea, Teaching the (b) ………….• 541 China, Vocational Training . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . 1115 – In the Schools .•………•……….•.. 641 China's Need, A Chinese View of (b) …… 230 – Society, Gospel Distribution ………•.• 314 – Need of Christ (a) Cheng Ching Yi. … 799 – Study 10 China, Importance of, (a) Otto Chinese Christian General (a) Jonathan Go· Braskamp ………………………. 365 forth ………………………….. 282 – Study, The Knowledge of God (b) Samuel – Fish Dealer Becomes Pastor ……….. 928 M. Zwemer …………………….. 28 – In America, Christianizing (b)………. 2 Bible in Mission Schools ……………… 1118 – Interchurch Convention (b) …………. 161 Blind, New Bible for the ……………… 311 – Jews, Attempt to Reorganize .. .'……… 142 -John the Baptist, A ……………….. 1024 Bohemian Students' Conference, First .•••.. 1111 – Miss!ons, Cangre~s. a~ . …………….. 825 Boiling Caldron in India, The (b) ……•.. 753 – Offic13l and Chnsttamty……………. 304 Bolivian Diplomat Appeals for Indians .•…. 312 – Pastors, For Weary ……………….. 929 Bolshevik "Bible," The ………………. 1111 – Proverbs .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 825 Bolshevism in Asia Minor……………•.. 924 – Woman Doctor, Work of. …………… 141 -In South Africa…………………… '830 – Women Combat Concubinage ………… 737 – Moslem Condemnation of ……………. 924 Chosen Christian College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1025 Books-See Special Index List. – Parable of the Seed……………….. 143 Britain, Religious Situation in ……•..•… 234 Christ, A Changing Apprehension of (a)…. 87 "Christian Americanization," Suggestions on 62 BRAZIL, Falsehood and Threats in …..•.. 1018 Christian and Missionary Alliance……… 67 – Womanhood Awakening ……………. 1018 – and Missionary Alliance, Founder of (a) – In Dark ……………….•………. 643 Brazilian Sunday Schools . • . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . 393 W. M. Turnbull …..•……….•….. 267 – Y. W. C. A. in …………………… 940 – Education in India…….. …………. 73 – New School for Girls in Rio ………… 313 – Endeayor in Turkey……………….. 646 Brother on the Frontier, My (a) Coe Hayne 974 – Fundamentals League ………•…….. 641 Christianity-Oriental and Occidental (b) .. 956 Bubonic Plague in Vera Cruz …………•. 939 Christian's Message, A……………….. 690 Budapest Mission to Jews. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 72 Christmas Gifts for Lepers, J. C. Koenig.. 909 Buddhism Grows in U. S………………• 154 – Gift International. …………………. 1107 BULGARIA, Protestant Missions in…….. 71 Chvrch a Safeguard, A …••…•…••.•…• 654 Bulgarian Pastors Meet. ……………… 1020 – Extension Project ………………… 293 Bululand Men of Science in …………•… 150 – Informing and F,nlisting the (b) Abram Business and Editorial Chat IV (Jan) IV (Feb), VI (Apr) . . . . . . . . . . . . 575, 663, 948 E. Cory ……………………….• 218 – of Tomorrow, Training (a) William A. – Women and Missions (b) Mrs. F. H. Clamp …………………………. 723 Brown ………………………… 537 – Women and the Church …..••.•..••.••• 725 – Union in India (b) ……………….. 755 – Women). Mission Stndy for ……….•… 724 Churches and the Coal Strike………….. 309 Burmese l:i-DVernment and Missions……… 236 Community Church, A Successful. ……… 1107 Community Church, Non·denominational (b) 53 CANADA'S Interchurch Council. .•…..•. 674 – Hut, Powers, Oregon (b) Coe Hayne .•.. 708 Canton Christian College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 – Picnic Supper, A (b) ..•..••….•…..••• 223 – Work of (a) Mahlon H. Day …..•…… 791 Conference, An Epoch·Making (b)…….. 81 Canton, Civic Evangelism in ..••..•……. 237 – in Switzerland, Missionary (b) …•…..• 855 – New Ideals in…………………….. 928 – Presbyterians in ………………….. 728 CairoT. The Purity Movement in (a) Arthur Congregational Conncil ………………. 832 Upson ……………..•..•…•… 29 Constantinople College for Women (b) E. A. – University Opened, New (b) .•………. 951 Thompson ………………………. 1074 Capetown, Training Center at. …………. 932 Constantinople During the War ….. '.' . . . .. 72 Centenary, The Methodist (b) S. Earl Tay· Coolie in Fiji, The Indian (a) J. W. Burton 276 lor ……………………•………. 215 Cooperation, The Need for Missionary (a) CENTRAL AMERICA, Indians of (a) Paul Bnrgess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 679 S. Earl Taylor …………………• 171 Copenhagen, Christian Center in ..•…….• 832 CEYLON, Salvation Army in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 927 Copts Study Islam …………………… 734 Challenge of the World's Need (a) Howard Czecho·Slovak Preachers Wanted ………• 933 CZECHO-SLOVAKIA, Salvation Army in.. 71 Agnew Johnston ………………… 15 Day of Prayer for Missions……………. 61 Changing Apprehension of Christ (a)…… 87 Deaf, School for in Chefao (b) …………. 536 Chicago, Christian Daily for……………. 933 DEATHS- Child Mortality in Egypt. ..•………….. 1116 – Alexander, Charles M ………………. 1028 Children, Saving the ………………….. 923 – Bliss, Dr. Howard S. of Beirut. ……••• 567 CHILE, Child Mortality in……………. 70 – Fisher, Geor!!:e S…….. : …………. , 567 – Brooks, Dr. Jesse, of ChIcago ………. 941 – Heavenly Mansions for Sale ………•.. 836 – Camphor, Bishor of Liberia ………… 156 – Striving Against Odds ……………… 731 – Collins Mary 0 Dakota ……………. 740 – Corbett, Dr. Hunter, of China ……….. 156 CHINA, Awakeninl!: of the Church of (a) – Ewing; Mrs. Arthur H., of India .••••..• 567 F. W. S. O'NeIll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727 -Foster, Arnold, of China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 – A Prison Transformed ……………… 141 – Bible Union in China …….. , ………. 1058 – Blinded for Attending Church …………. 825 – Canton Christian College (a) Mahlon H. Day ………….•..•…….••…..•. 791 – Challenge to Christians •.••….•••••••. 1023 – Christian Hotel for Business Men .•••••• 304 DEATHS- Foulke, William, of New York. 740 Finnish Mission Among Orambos …….••• 733 – Harrington, Dr, C. K., of Japan …….• 740 Foreign-Speaking Pastors, To Train ….••.. 1107 – Heminger, Rev. L. D., of Africa …….. 941 Friends in Conference ………………… 1110 – Herrick, Mrs. G. F., of Turkey. . . . . . . . .. 398 Forces for Life and Death in Russia (b) …• 953 – Herring, Hubert C…………………. 940 Forder, Archibald …………………… 148 – Holliday, Margaret Y., of Persia …….. 567 Foreigner's Apology, The, T. A. Daly …… 987 – Hoskins, Dr. Franklin E., of Syria ….. . Foreigners in New York, Unevangelized … 833 -Hume, Mrs. E. S., of India ………….. 1028 Fortieth Anniversary, A (a) Coughlin Keeler 526 -Jessup, F. N., of Persia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 French, Protestant Missions and the ……. 235 -Jones, U. S. G., of India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567 – Protestant Mission to Basutos ………. 150 – Loomis, Henry, of Japan ………..•…• 654 – Protestants Meet at Lyons ………….. 308 – save Christian Syrians ……………… 827 Loomis, Mrs. Henry, of Japan ……•.•.• 654 Friends in France, American ………….. 558 – Macalister, Dr. George of India …….•.. 1119 Fritchley, E. W. of India ……………… 146 – Neve, Arthur, of Kashmir ………•…• 156 Frontier, My Brother on the (a) Coe Hayne 974 – Nicolay, Baron, of Russia………….. 79 Games for Sunday Afternoon ………•..•• 816 – Ogilvie, C. L., of China ………….••• 156 Gedik Pasha School, The Year at. ……… 307 -Pettee, Dr. Jas. H. of Japan …….•…. 316 Generation, Vork for the Coming (b) ….. 326 – Raynolds, Dr. George C. of Turkey …… 316 Geneva, Conferences in …………… 644, 1019 – Reimert, Rev. Wm., of China.; ……… 740 Germany, Religious Training in . . . . . . . . . . . . 1111 – Scott, Dr. J. McP. of Toronto ……….. 316 German Missions in India…………….. 73 – Shepard, Mrs. F. D., of Aintab …….. 740 – Missions, Lutheran Council and …..•.. 156 – Stuck, Archdeacon, of Alaska ………… 1028 – Missions Return, When May………… 653 – Therrien, Dr. A., of Canada …………. . – Plea for German Missions (a)………. 132 – Van Santvoord, Anna T……………. 90 Ginling, Community Service at ……….. 563 Debate, A Moslem·Christian (a) H. E. Phil· Givers, Enlisting and Training (b) David lips ……………………………. 874 McConoughy ……….•………….. 205 Denominational Campaigns, Lessons from (b) 216 Glowing Needles (b) ………………… 289 – Campaigns, Results of, Elsie McCormick God Cares, Do We? A. J. Gordon ………. 973 Gold Coast, Liquor on………………… 78 (b) ……………………………. 213 Des Moines, Student Volunteers (b) ……… 82 Gospel Mission, Belgian (b) Mrs. Ralph C. Disciples Unite in Mission Work ………. 153 Norton ………………………… 43 Dodd, Wm. Clifton, Apostle to the Tai (a) – roday, The World and the (b) Viscount Paul M. Hinkhouse . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Bryce ., ……………………….. 761 Dream, A, Elsie Singmaster ..•………… 1002 Drift or Steer, Shall We (b) …………… 957 Gossner Mission, The………………… 303 Drunkenness in the Sudan……………… 732 Group Organization, Suggestions for…….. 57 Dry Forces Unite ……….•………… 392 GUATEMALA, Bible Correspondence in ..• 643 Eastern Churches, Proposed Union of. ….. 496 – Missionary Obligation in ……………. 557 ECUADOR, Garden Republic of S. A. (a) – Opportunity in (b) ………………… 756 – Stirrings in …….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 492 W. H. Rainey …………………… 47 Guatemala, Prison Church in ………….. 1110 Eddy Meetings in Egypt. …………•…. 1021 Hangchow, Christian Clubs in …………. 1115 – Meetings, Problems Revealed by …….. 145 HAITI, The -United States in …………. 959 Education and Local Parish, Missionary (b) HAWAII, Cent~nnial and Jubilee in (a) Jno. Clark Archer……………….. 56 Belle M. Brain .•…………….•…. 507 – in America (b) James E. Clark ……… 198 – Present Conditions in (a) George L. – in America, Christian………………. 325 – Necessity for Christian (a) Norman E. Cady ………………………….. 684 Heart of the Missionary Message (a) Samuel Richardson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 337 – Survey, A)t1erican Religious (b) Walter M. Zwemer …………………….. 624 Heathen Languages, Poverty of. ………• 315 S. Athearn ………………..•….. 195 Hebrew Christian Alliance…………. 65, 934 EGYPT, Cooperation in ………………. 734 – The New Outlook in ……………….. 1049 – Christians in Conference (b) John L. – Medical Missions in ……………….• 149 – Presbyterian Mission in……………. 645 Zacker …………………………. 721 – Religious Fanaticism in …………….. 1021 Hindu Conversions, Report of ……..•.•… 1.022 – Sunday Rest in ….•……………….. 645 – Festivals and Christian Practice …….. 648 Egypt, Child Mortality in …………….. 1116 – Missionary Organization …………… 74 Egyptian Church Paper ……………•.. 393 Hinduism vs. Cbristianity……………… 647 – Life Unified ……………………… 78 HOLLAND Missions Threatened ………. 234 – Women and Progress ………………. 733 Holy Land, Among the Jews in the (a) S. B. Elevating the Women of Africa (b) W. C. Rohold ……………….•………. 517 Johnston ………………………•. 530 – Religious Outlook for the……………. 672 Ellis Island, Immigrants at. …………… 1108 Home Mission Evangelism ……………. 1016 Enabling Act, The…………………… 643 – Missions Council and Interchurch Surveys 934 ENGLAND, Planning for a Better (b)….. 1 – Missions, Forward Steps in (b) …….. 163 – Temperance Education in ……………. 150 – Surveying the Field at (a) Ralph E. Dif- English Church Laws ……………….. 643 Equipment That Increases Missionary Ef- fendorfer ……………………….. 190 ficiency (a) ……………….•…. _. 891 Homes, American Hospitals and (a) Frank Eternity Longer Than Time ………….. 60 C. English …………………….• 20 Ethnological Course for Missionaries …….. 1109 EUROPE Sill in Bondage ……………. 669 Honolulu, Interracial Y. M. C. A ……..•• 839 – Sunday Schools in (b) Henry N. Philcox 377 Hospital, New Soochow ……………… 928 Evangelism in India, Problems of (a) H. A. – Visitation, Efficiency Through Coopera- Popley …….. . ……………….. 543 tion …………..•…..••……….• 219 – in Japan, Country ………………..• 144 Hospitals, Adopting .••………………• 315 Evangelism and Industry Combined …….. 1118 – and Homes, American (b) Frank C. Eng- Exhibit, World Missionary, Mrs. C. N. Me- lish ……………………………• 201 Hose (b) ……………….•…….. 55 Hussite Society, The …………………. 392 Hymn for Japan, New ……………….. 1115 Faith, A Fellowship of (b) ……………. 857 ICELAND. Christian Associations in ….•. 559 Farm Methods, To Study American…….. 308 If I Had Eaten My Morsel Alone (Poem).. 522 Federated Church in Massachusetts…….. 834 Immigrants at Ellis Island ………….•..1107 Federation, Practical ………………… 231 Immigration, Change in ……………….. 310 Fellowship of Faith, A (b) …………..• 857 Feng, General, (a) Jonathan Goforth…… 282 "Inasmuch" Mission, Philadelphia…..•.•.. 1108 Fields, Surveying the Foreign (a) F. P. INDIA, A New (a) Herbert Anderson …… 253 – A powerful AppeaL ………………… 1022 Haggard ……………………….. 185 – Boiling Caldron in (b) …………….. 753 First Baptism in Kuweit (a) E. E. Cal- – Bombay School for the Blind …•…•..•• 650 – Breaking Fetters of Tradition ..••..••.• 648 verly ………………… " ……… 1075 – Challenge to God in ……………….. 735 FIJI, The Indian Coolie in (a) J. W. Bur- – Christian Banks for Farmers ………..• 925 – Christian-Mohammedan Debate ..•.••.•.• 826 ton …..•…………………..••••• 276 – Christianity at a Fair in ……………. 236 Filipino Pagan Becomes Soul Winner •••••• 155 – Church Union in (b) ………………. 755 – Woman, The ………………… . … 840 – Commission on Village Education .•.•..•• 145 INl?IA, Evidenc~ of Progress in (b)…… 8 – Woman's Evangelistic School. …..•.•• 738 – Gossner MIssIOn…………………… 303 – ,Vork for Women in ……………… 76 -'Government by Compromise ………… 648 – J ncident of South ………………… 147 – W orki'i!; Out Her Problems (a) George — Ludhiana Medical College………….. 303 W. ulton. . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . • . . . . . . .• 125 – Madura Hospital Dedicated …………. 649 — Medical Work at Okara ……………. 236 ] apan, Conference of Federated Missions …. 1115 – Missionaries Needed in Behar ………… 649 Japan, International Friendship Promoted .. 1116 – National Church for (b) ……………. 241 Japan, New Hymn for ……………….. 1115 – New Leper Asylum ……………….. 394 Japanese in California ……………….•. lO55 – Objections to Church Union in ………. 493 Japanese Aborigines …………………. 930 – Problems of Evangelism in (a) H. A. Pop- – Censorship …………. " ..•.•.•. " ••• 759 ley ……………………………. 543 – Changing Sentiment Among…………. 929 – Progress of Union in South ……….. 736 – Children, A Christian Training for (a) – Sadhu Jacob in North ……………… 925 – Salvation Army in …………………. 825 H. E. Coleman ……………•.••…. 789 – Scriptures at Work in……………… 826 — Christian Laymen …… . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 144 – Secret Christians in Travancore ………. 736 – Church in Oakland ………………… 730 – Social Work for Factory Employees ….. 146 – Missionary in China ……………..••. 238 – Society of Religious Patriotism………. 647 – Press on 1fissions…………………. 238 – Sunday School Union ……………… 562 – Reforms, Reported …. . . . . . . . . . . . . • • .. 305 – Sunday School Work in (b) Richard – Student Organization ………..•.•…• 730 ~ View of Korea …………………… 77 Burgess ………………………… 369 JAVA, Missions in ………………….. 313 – TelJgu Mission Conference …………. 303 Jerry McAuley Mission, Changes in …….. 393 Jerusalem, Cosmopolitan ………….•…. 1112 – 'V – "Untouchables" in Madras ………….. 735 Jerusalem, Scottish Memorial in ………•.. 149 omen of Travancore …………….. 1022 Jewish Missionaries for the Orient. ……… 644 India, Madura Church Council. ………… 1113 – Problem in America …….. . . . . . . . . .. 833 India Scales Decide against Heathern Rite .. 1113 Jews, Bene Israel Community………..••. 11I4 -Work.in South (b) ………………… 551 Jews in Paris ……………………….. 1I10 Indian Characteristics ……………….. 734 Jewry, Work for Tunisian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 – Christian's Generosity ……………. 1022 Jews and Christians Confer ………..•….. 730 – Conference, Echoes of Wichita, Mrs. Jno. — Attempt to Reorganize .•………….. 142 – Budapest Mission to………………. 72 S. Allen ……………………….. 64 – Convincing the (b) Henry L. Hellyer …. 297 – Girls' Response to Education ……….. 735 — Edinburgh Mission to …………….. 831 – Institute, Work of Roe, Lee McCrae (b) 995 – in the Holy Land, Among the (a) S. B. – on New Trail …………………….. 684 – Soul of the, Hugh L. Burleson (a) ……. 804 Rohold ………………………… 517 Indians Accustomed to Tithing ………… 1023 – Palestine and the………………….. 306 – as Missionaries (American)…………. 311 Judson College, Rangoon……….. . . . . .. 827 – Medical Work for …………………. 730 Jungle, Soul Winning in the ………..•.. 553 – Neglected Navajo ………………… 955 Kaffir Evangelist, Blind………………. 830 – (N. A.), New Academy for ………… 557 Kamerun, Faithfulness in ……..•…….. 553 – of Central America (a) Paul Burgess…. 679 Kanamori and his Sermon (a) S. H. Wain- – of Latin America (a) Geo. M. McBride right ………………………….. 587 961, 1064 Kennedy School of Missions (b) Edw. W.

– Religious Education for the American …. 312 Capen …………………………. 702 – The Uplift of the ………………… 1017 Kermanshah, Among the Kurds of (a) Indians of 'the S. A., Lowland (a) Geo. M. Blanche W. Stead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 997 McBride ……………………….. 1064 Kingdom Recruiting, A Sermon (a) Paul Indian Training at Phoenix ……………. 1109 India's Women, Prayer of……………. 926 Rader ….. " …………………… 712 Knowledge of God, The (b) Sam'l M. Zwe- Industrial Experiment Result from ……… 141 Interchurch Rudget, Revised ………….. 248 mer …………………………..• 28 – Epoch Making. Conference……….. … 81 KOREA, Dynamics in ……………….. 930 – Executive Committee Enlarged ………. 309 – Extension Sunday Schools ………….• 306 – Movement, Growth of (b) John R. Mott 177 – Forward Movement in……………… 667 – Movement, Pastors' Conferences…….. 247 -Japanese View of. …………………. 77 – Organization, The (b) ……………… 179 – Missionary Outlook in (a) James M. Gale 1I7 – State Conferences …………………. 67 – Paik Early Spring Tells His Story (a) .. 773 – Surveys, Home Missions Council and .. 934 – Parable of Seed Illustrated …………•. 143 – to Reorganize (b) ……………….. 672 – Politics and Religion in…………….. 860 – World Movement, The (b) …….. 168, 1050 – Promises in ……………………… 566 – World Movement Epoch Making Confer- – Situation in ……………………… 86 – Sunday School Plans in …•………… 930 ence (b) ………………… " . . . .. ·81 . – Teaching the Bible in (b) ………….. 541 – Vorld Movement, Some Conclusions (b) 580 Korea, Bible Class Pyeng yang…..•..•.. 1I16 – World Movement-Some Facts (b) …… 577 Korea, Shintoism Promoted ………..•…. 1I16 Institutional Church in Mexico …..•…… 1109 Korean Christians in Adversity (a) S. A. International Missionary Union ………… 729 IRELAND, The Bible in ……………… 831 Moffett ………… . • . . . . . • . . . . . • . . .• 811 Irish Evangelization ·Society ………….. 151 – Church in Chicago ……………..••… 557 Italian Leaders in Conference. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 833 – Foreign Missions ……………..•.•.. 566 ITALY, Historical Study as a Weapon …… 831 – Missionary Society .. . . . . . . . . • • .. . • . . . . 77 – No Sunday Papers for …..•………. 235 – Schools, Bible in ……………….•.•• , 739 – The Gospel in ………….•………. 559 Koreans, Industrial Help for ……….•..•• 144 Jackson Memorial, John……………… 77 Korea's Struggle for Freedom (b) .•..•.•.• 665 JAPAN, Baron Urges Golden Rule …….. 651 Kurdish Boy in Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1113 – Christian Community at Pompira ……. 144 Kurds of Kermanshah, Among the (a) – Christian Schools Crowded in ……….. 929 – Country Evangelism ………………. 144 ;Bl';lnche Wilson Stead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 997 – Cooperative Christian Effort in………. 238 -M,sslOn to …………………..•….. 924 – Federated Missions in……………… 565 Labor Churches, Non-Christian (b) ….•.•.. 758 – Impressions of an American in ………. 145 Labors of Welsh Baptist Missionaries (a) – Intolerant Nationalism ……………. 238 – Kindergarten fC'r Deaf……………… 824 F. Furniston …………………….. 1085 – New Life Discussions ……. " ………. 824 LATIN AMERICA, Indians of (a) Geo. M. – Newspaper Evangelism in …•……….. 929 – Recommendations for Missions in (b) …• 251 McBride …………………… 951, 1064 – Results from Factory Meetings………. 824 Latin America Prohibition Progress in (a) – Social Program for……………….. 305 – Sunday School and the Future of (b) H. Juan O. Gonzalez ……………….. 1069 – Missionary Coperation in (b) ………… 323 E. Coleman ……. " ……………. 359 – Progressive Program for (b) March…… 165 – Woman's Christian College (a) A. K. – Sunday Schools in (b) Sam'l D. Price …. 362 Laymen at Pittsburg, The . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • 231 Reischauer ……•.••….•••……..•• 786 Leadership, The World's Need for (b)…… II Leper Asylum, A New……………….. 394 – Baptisms .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . •• . . . . • . . .. 649 – Colony in the World, Largest (a) Wm.

M. Danner .•.•…… . . . • . . • . . • • . • . .• 601

Conference, Findings of. ………. 1028 Mormonism Gains

Lel'.ers Count T1ei.r Blessings . • • . . . . . . . . . . . 1023 Morning Star Mission………………… 936 – Support a MIssIonary ……………•.•• 930 MOROCCO, Power of God's Word in ..••.• 884 – Task of the Mission to .•…………•.• 315 -The New (b) …………………. ; …. 491 – Vests for ………..•…………….•. 306 Moros, Union Conference Among …..•.•.• 1027 – Village' for ………………………. 148 Moslem Children, Better Pictures for …..• 828 Leprosy, NeW' Interest in ………….•…. 566 Moslem World, Gods Will for (a) S. M. – New Treatment for ……………….•• 827 Lighthouses, Literature for ……..•……,; 830 Zwemer ……..•……………….• 1089 Linking the School to the Missionary (b) – Christian Debate, A (a) H. E. Phillips .• 875 – Lands, Saving the Children of, (a) Ste. Samuel D. Price…………………. 547 Liquor on Gold Coast………………… 78 phen Van Rensselaer Trowbridge …… 353 – Traffic Discredited in India ………..•.. 925 Moslems Evangelizing Each Other……… 646 Lithuanian Methodist Church .•………… 1016 Liu Chiu-the Floating Dragon (a) C. K. m – Central Arabia, Fanatical (a) Paul Harri.

Harrington ………•……….•••…• 763 Miill~~nMi~~i';';~' ::::: :::::: :::::::::::: ::: L. M. S. House, New .•………•.•……. 308 Lovedale Institute, Outbreak (b) …….•.. 760 – Orphanage, George………………… 151 Ludhiana Medical College …………….. 303 My Brother in Overalls (a) Coe Hayne …. 1078 Lunlberjack, A Kamoo ….•…………… 395 My Frien~s-an Introduction (b) Alice W. – and the Church ……. ;…………… 68 Lutherans Appeal for Missionaries …••.•.. 1107 S. BTlmson ……………•.•…….•.. 1012 Lutheran Church Growth …………….•. 933 Trust (Poem) A. B. Simpson . . . . . • . . . . . . . . 271 – Council and German Missions …..•.•.•.. 156 Nanking Sends Out Missionary …•..•….•. 304 – Foreign Missions •……..•………… 556 Natives, Cooperation for Benefit of. ……. 654 Lutherans in India…………………… 236 Navajo Indians, Neglected …………….. 955 MADAGASCAR, After a Century in (b)' Navy, Religious Work for Army and (b)… 12 Near East, Committee of Cooperation in …. 645 James Sibree …………………•…. 617 Necessity for Christian Education, The (a) – Centenary in ……………………… 555 – Man of Faith in ………….•.•…..•. ~~4 Norman E. Richardson ………..•…. 337 Madura Church Council. ……………… 1113 Needs for American Indians, Urgent (a) G. MALAYSIA, Melting Pot of Asia………. 927 Maltese, Apostle to the………………. 559 E. E. Lindquist ………………….. 989 MANCHURIA, Mission Hospital in …..••• 143 Neglected Fields ……………. .. .. . …. 728 Maoris of New Zealand (b) Eugene Stock .. 691 Negro Betterment, Program for …….••••• 247 Marsovan, Work Resumed at ……•.•…. 394 Materialism vs. Spirituality ………….•.. 1015 – Churches and the Interchurch ……… '" 232 Medical Coeducation of Chinese Women …• 395 – Education for Southern……………… 68 – Missionaries, Stories from ………….. 289 – Helps to Improve Schools…………… 642 – Missionary as a Pioneer, The (b) W. S. – in Business, The ………………….. 1016 – Ministers StUdy. Problems ..•••.••..•..•. 936 Lehman ……………………•…… 621 . – Needs, What the…………………… 68 – Missions, Centenary of. ……….•…… 135 Negroes Qall for Black Nation …………• 936 – Missions in Egypt …….•…………. 149 Nestorian Convention in America …..••…. 729 Medicine, The Gospel by Way of. ..•……. 147 New America (Poem) J. Montgomery WiI· Methods for ForeIgners Tested (See Best) 295 Mexican Border, On the ………••…….. 835 son …………….•.•……•••…•.. 597 – Revolution and Missions (b) G. B. Win· – Era Receipts ……………….•…… 641 -Hebridean Ancestor Worship ….•.•….• 640 ton ……………….••……•…… 693 – Hebrides, Fate of. ………………… 313 – to Think American, Help the …..•…… 312 – The Old and the (b) ………………. 249 Mexicans Invade United State•…•…•…. 1017 – Zealand, Maoris of (b) Eugene Stock …• 691 Mexico City Association Work …•…..•… 152 -.! Zealand, Preachers Needed in ………… 640 New Guinea, Evangelism and Industry Com· MEXICO, Condition. in (b) .••…•…•…• 245 – Medical School for………………… 233 bined ………………………….. 1118 – Miracles in …………………..•.•.• 731 Newspaper Evangelism ….••….•..•.• 397, 929 – News from Western ………………… 232 – Evangelism in So. Amer…………….. 69 -New Hope for …………………..•• 862 Nias Island. Revival on ……………… 398 – Politics and Missions in (b) ………… '. 5 Niger Mission, Harvest Festivals . . . . . . . . . . 1117 – Student Preaching Centres ………….. 1018 Nigeria, Gospel in Tangale……………•• 931 – Suffers froni Volcano………………. 152 Nigeria, Mission,!r, Sl?irit in ………….. 1117 – Training Evangelists in…………….. 835 – Moslem FaVOrItism In ••••••••••••••••••• 732 – Union Church in ………………….. 835 – SUl;l'ar Industri' in …………………. 733 Mexico, Institutional Church in ……..•.. 1109 NigerIan Pastors Association ………….. 1117 Methodist Orphanage in Italy .•..•…….. 1111 NORTH AMERICAN, Academy for In· Methodist Union, Plan for ……………. 248 MICRONESIA, Dr. Pedley in …..••.•.•• 739 dians ………•…………………• 557 Migrant Groups, Lila Bell Acheson…….. 821 NORWAY Becomes Dry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 832 – Workers (a) M. Katharine Bennett. ….• 820 Norwegian Clergymen Form League…..•.. 559 – Workers, Neglected ………………. 556 Nothing to You, Is It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 Ministerial Support, American (b) Joseph B. Old ana the New, The (b) ……………. 249 Only Through Me (Poem) John Oxenham .• 131 Hingeley ……………. ;………… 200 Opium Bonfire, Another .•………….••• 304 Mission Policies, New Foreign (b) …•…. 162 – Fight Wanes …………………….. 650 Missionaries Needed, Kind of (b) .•…….. 584 Opposing Forces in China (b) .••…•••.••.1088 Missionary Idea, Growth of the (b) Geo. F. Organic Church Union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392 Orient, Travelers in the …. ; …•……••• 585 Herrick ………….. : .•……••….. 1061 Oriental and Occidental, Christianity (b) …• 956 Missionary Methods for Sunday Schools…. ')79 Orientals, Christian Music in Favor Among 314 – Outlook in Asia Minor (a) James L. Bal' PacifiSt New Responsibilities in the …….. 1119 Paik 1',arly Spring Tells Hi. Story (a) ….•• 773 ton ……………………………. 2 PALESTINE and the Jews ………. 306, 1047 – Play Times Demonstrated (b) Margaret Panama, Protestants Unite in ………….. 1109 PARAGUAY, A Suggestion for ………… 836 T. Applegarth …………………… 913 – Church Mission ..•••……..•.•••…•• 558 – Training in the Sunday School (a) George – Proposed Work for ………………… 732' Paris, Christian Power House in . . . . . . . . . . . 151 H. Trull …………………..•….. 343 Paris, Jews in ………………………. 1110 Missions in the Home (a) Mrs. E. C. Cronk 813 Pearl Divers in the Persian Gulf (a) D. – The Enlarging Definition of (b) Tyler Dykstra …………..•………….• 675 Dennett …… ,'………………….. 182 Peking, New Christian University at (b)… 85 – Princeton Center in ••………••..••… 141 Mohammedan Challenge in U. S..•..•••••• 154 – Union Church …………..•….•••.•• 650 – Decay •…… ; ……………………• 1020 Pennsylvania Town Record …….•••.•.••• 642 PERSIA, Extending Work in.•..•…••… 562 – Lands, opportunity in (b) Sam'!' M. Zwe· – Situation in North (b) ……………… 952 mer ……………………………. 273 – Still Chaotic .. . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . • . • • . . .. 148 Persian Border of Afghanistan, On the (b) – World, The Changing………………. 8 Mohammedanism in the Congo ….•••••••• 732 DwilLht M. Donaldson …••..•.•.•.•••• 533 – Some Figures on……………….. ; .. 314 – Gulf, Pearl Divers in (a) D. Dykstra …. 675 Money Is, Spent, How Our .•••••.•••.••••• 1027 Mormon Field, To Consider ••••••••••••.•• 835 Personals Missionary IX, XI (Jan) V, VI School of Missions Came About, How a (b) (Feb) ……..•.•••. 316, 660, 746, 847, 943 Fannie Everett Webster…………… 220 PERU, A Call from ………………….. 731 Science as a Christian Ally……………. 563 Church and State in Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1056 SCOTLAND, Local Option in …………. 1019 – Presbyterian Union in ….•••.•..•.••… 728 PHILIPPINES Decide for Prohibition ..••. 155 Scott, Thomas J. of India (b) ………….. 722 – Prohibiton in the ………………….. 839 Scottish Memorial in Jerusalem………… 149 -Successful Work in ……………….. 739 Scudder Memorial Hospital……………. 395 – Sunday·School Work in the, A. L. Ryan.. 607 Service, A Missionary Program as a Guide – Twenty Years in………………….. 739 – White Cross Band in ………………. 930 to, Mrs. John Ferguson…………… 1011 PhiliFpines, Plan to Unite Protestant – Men Unite for Church Work ….•……. 309 – Plans for Enlisting Life (b) J. Cambell Schools ………………………… 1118 Pilgrim Fathers, Tercentenary_of……….. 308 White …………………………. 211 Play Times Demonstrated, Missionary •…. 913 Shanghai, Conference Called to Meet in…. 927 Pohtics and Brotherhood in Egypt . . . . . . . . 1117 – Women's Mission Conference At (b) …• 242 Politics and Missions in Mexico………… 5 Shantung, Student Conference in……….. 74 – and Religion in Korea (b)………….. 860 Shelton Among Bandits of Tibet, Dr. (a) .. 631 – in America, Religion and (b) ………… 669 – Bandits Free Dr. . ………………… 396 Polynesian, A Literary……………….. 930 Shintoism Promoted in Korea …………•. 1116 Porto Rican Judge, A ……………….•• 312 SIAM, Possibilities in………………… 10 PORTO RICO, Christianity in . . . . . . . . . . . . • 642 – Systematic Givi!,g in……. …. .. .. .. …. 563 – Seminary Opens in ………………•.. 152 – Too Large a Fleld ……. ·…………… 736 POSt War Missionary Conference (b) …… 720 – Wm. Clifton Dodd (a) Paul M. Hink· Prayer, A Large Factor in Success (b) Paul house ………………………..•.. 103 Harrison ……………………….. 1059 Siamese Missionary Society …………… 147 Prayer, Women's Missionary Day of …….. 11('; SIBERIA, Christian Work in Eastern (b) Prayer and Converts, Geo. A. Huntley…… 58 – and Mission Finance……………….. 59 E. W. Olson and Jos. Vince . . . . . . . . . . . 718 – and Power, Bishop Lambuth ..•..•.•.•.. 874 – Preaching in …………………….. 309 – in India, Answered •….•……..•…..• 726 SICILY, Reform Movement in . . . . . . . . . . . . . 933 – of the Apostle Paul. ……………….. 874 – Revival in …………………….•••. 728 Princeton Center in Peking……………. 141 Sikh, Christian L,oyalty of…………….. 826 Principles of War Applied to Mission……. 34 Silk Industry, Missionary_)n China Touches 142 Program as Guide to Service, Missionary Simpson, Dr. A. B. (a) W. M. Turnbull …. 267 Singapore, Fighting Social Evils in …….• 927 (b) Mrs. John Ferguson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1011 – Mission Schools in…………………. 395 – Outlines for Missionary Meetings ..•..•.. 919 – Street Preaching in………………… 736 Progress in India, Evidences of……….. 8 Singer Sewing Machine Classes ………••. 928 Prohibition, A Year of ………………… 833 Slavs Leaving America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 833 Smyrna, Training Center in ….•••.••..••• 307 – and the Salvation Army …………….. 1015 Social Creed, A Presbyterian ………•.••. 232 – in the Philippines ……. ,…………… 839 – Program for Japan………………… 305 – Service in Japan …………………… 565 – Students Organize for ……………… 644 – Work for Factory Employees in India .•. 146 Prohibition, Preparing the Way for in SOLOMON ISLANDS, Bible Work in ….. 640 China ………………………….. 1114 Solomon Islands, Living Epistles in …•..• 1118 Prohibition Progress in Latin America (a) – Generosity of. …….•……………… 640 Soul of the Indian, The, Hugh L. Burleson J. O. Gonzadez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1069 "Red Bible," The ……… , ……….•…. 1111 (a) ••..•……••••••••••••••••••••••• 804 Purity League at Inanda ……………… 554 SOUTH AMERICA, Bible Work in ……. 836 – Movement in Cairo (a) Arthur T. Upson 29 – Garden Republic of (a) W. H. Rainey…. 47 Race Relations, Conference on………… 311 —; Neglected ………………….•…… 731 Rader, Story of Paul (b) Autobiography … 709 – Inter·Racial Committees in the ………. 1016 Radicalism and Unrest, Antidote to (b) ….. 497 South Anierica, Lowland, Indians of. (a) – The Gospel Counteracts, …………… 310 Rag Tag Sunday Schools . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . 564 Geo. M. McBride……………….. 1064 Recognition Meeting,_ A …••….•………. 911 South Awakening, The . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Reconstruction in West Africa (a) Edward Soviet Russia, Religious Conditons in (b) Je· A. Ford ………………………… 122 rome Davis ………………..•….. 263 Red Cross, What the American Did…….. 65 SPAIN, Difficulties in San Sebastian . . . . • . . 831 Redemption of Alaska, The (a) S. Hall Spiritual Forces, Releasing The (b) Wm. E.

– S~~~~Nship' ~;,.d' '(~>' if 'M:' P';t~~t::::::: li~ Doughty …………………..•..••• 202 Statistics for U. S., Religious .•…••.•..•• 252 Religion and Politics m America (b) ….•.. 669 Steer? Shall We Drift or (b) ………….. 957 Religious Movement in Soviet Russia (b).. 7 Stewardship and Redemption (a) Edwin M. Relil!:ious Reconstruction in Europe . . . . . . . . 1052 Republic of South America, Garden (a) W. Poteat ……………………•…… 113 – Hint~ Margaret Applegarth …….••…• 550 H. Rainey ……………………….. 47 – of Llfe, The J. Lovell Murray (b) ……. 208 Revivals in China, Religious…………… 859 Stl'dent Associations, Religious Test for (b) 250 Revol,·tion and Missions, Mexican (a) G. B. – Volunteer Movement Broadens ……….. 834 – Volunteer ¥ovement .Changes …..•…• 495 Winton …………………….•…. 693 – Volunteers m Des Momes (b)………. 82 RHODESIA, Vakaonde of ……………. 829 -Volunteers of Constantinople………… 560 Rockefeller Foundation, Health and…….. 66 Students' Conference, First Bohemiall …… 1l1l Roe Indian Institute, Work of (b) Lee Me· Sudan. Drunkenness in the ………•..•… 732 – Opportunity. in the ………•….•….. 1021 Crae ……………………..•.•••.• 995 – Witch Doctors and Missionaries in D. S. Rome, Methodist College in ………..•••.• 932 RUSSIA, Bibles by Weight in ………… 832 Oyler (b) ……………•………•. 523 – Breath of God in Dark (a)………….. 696 Suicides, Advice to………………….. 397 – Call to Prayer for …………………. 311 Sundar Singh, The Christian Sadhu (a) Dela· – Forces for Life and Deatli in (b) ……. 953 van L. Pierson ………………….. 611 – Religious Conditi..ns in Soviet (b) Jerome Sunday School and the Future of Japan (a) Davis ……….•……………..••.. 263 H. E. Coleman ………………….. 359 – Religious Movement in Soviet (b)…….. 7 – Attendance, Decrease in ……………. 391 Russia, Conditions in Kieff ……………. 1112 – Missionary Training in the (a) George H. Russian Refugee Children……………… 559 – War Prisoners, For ………………… 933 Trull …………………………,.. 343 -Women, Message from (b) ………….. 272 – Where the Drum Calls to (a) Jean Mac· Russians, Fund to Aid ……………•'.•.. 1015 Sadhus, Hi1),du and Christian . . . . . . . • . . . . . . 562· kenzie …………………………. 349 Salvation Army in India . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . • 825 – Work in India (b) Richard Burgess ….. 369 -Army, Prohibition and the ………….. 1015 – Work in the Philippines (a) A. L. Ryan 607 Samoans Believe in Prayer……………. 78 – Work, World Wide (a) Frank L. Brown 331 – Decline Self·Government …….•..•…. 1027 Sunday Schools, Extension …..•….•.•…. 306 SANTO DOMINGO ……………….. 823 – in Asia Minor…………………….. 73 – America in ………………………. 863 – in Europe …………..••…•••…•••• 1019 – Mission Problem in (b) ……………. 757 – in Latin America (b) Samuel Q. Price•• 362 Surplus and Shortage………………… 380 – in India, Objections to Church ………. 493 Surveying the Field at Home, R. E. Diffen· – of Eastern Churches, Proposed ………• 497 – Presbyterians Work Toward ……….•• 555 dorfer ………•………………… 190 UNITED STATES in Haiti, The ………. 959 – the Foreign Fields, (a) F. P. Haggard .. 185 Universities, Religion at State ………….. 939 SWEDEN, Mission Interest in ………… 644 University at Peking, New Christian (b)… 85 SWITZERLAND, Missionary Conference in Unoccupied Fields in Central Asia (a) John (b) …………………………….. 855 R. Muir ……………………….. 91 SYRIA, Changing Customs in ………….. 828 URUGUAY, Religious Freedom in . . . . . . . . . 70 Syria, Churches Suffer from Immigration .. 1l12 Syrian Church, Sunday Schools in………. 394 – Temperance in ……………………. 940 Syrian Smuggler, A Converted (b) Geo. C. Vacation Bible School, SuccessfuL……… 934 Doolittle ………………………. 1084 Venezuela's Need …………………… 233 Tabriz, Industrial Work in …………… 925 VERA CRUZ, Bubonic Plague in ……••.. 939 Tai, Wm. Clifton Dodd, Apostle to the (a) 103 Vision, The Christian, McLeod …,………. 637 Te1ugu Mission Conference ……………. 303 Vocational Training at Chengtu ………… lll5 Telugu's Version of Lord's Prayer……… 926 War Applied to Missions, Principles of (b) Temperance Board Program, New……… 68 Sherwood Eddy …………………. 34 – Education in England ……………… 150 – Cost of the ………………………. 14 – iri Great Britain…………………… 558 – Loss of French and Belgian Protestants .. 558 Tennessee, The Churches in…………… 834 Waldensian Patriots, Memorial for ………. 932 Things our Missionaries Need (a)………. 891 – Seminary Re-opens ………….. . . . . .. 309 TIBET, Dr. Shelton Among Bandits of (a) 631 Vashington Conference ………………. 298 – Medical Work at Gateway to ……….. 926 Welsh Baptist Missionaries, Labors of (a) Timothy Stand-by on Sunday Schools in F. Furniston ……………………. 1085 Ameriky (a) Joseph Clark …………. 372 Vitch Doctors and Missionaries in the Tithing Methods ……………………. 59 TOGO LAND Mandate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 Sudan (b) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 523 Tokyo Convention, Fire at the ………… 1025 Woman's Christian College Tokyo (a) A. K. – Convention, Plans for (b)………….. 327 Tokyo, World Sunday School Convention .. 1053 Reischauer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 786 Tragedy-And the Grace of God, A (a) Caro- – Home Mission Bulletin, Florence E. Quin- line Macdonald ………….. . . . . . . .. 499 lan ………….. 61,226,386,636,820 lOll Training the Church of Tomorrow (b) Wm. – Foreign Mission Bulletin, Mrs. Wm. H. A. Brown ………………………. 537 Farmer …….. 137, 298 549, 723, 919, 1103 TRANSVAAL, Mission Growth in ……… 733 Trindad, Boys' Reformatory in ………… 1110 Women and the Interchurch (a)………. 137 TUNISIA, Religion in (b) A. V. Liley …. 705 Tunisian Jewry, Work for …………….. 149 -in Japan, Work for ………………… 76 TURKEY, American Farm Methods …….. 308 – of Africa, Elevating the (a) Mrs. W. C. – American Mission Schools ………….. 734 – Bible Distribution in……………….. 560 Johnston ……………………….. 530 – Christian Endeavor in……………… 646 romen's Mission Conference in Shanghai – Gedik Pasha School ………………. 307 – in Turmoil (b) ……………………. 321 (b) ……………………………. 242 – Language School in Scutari…………. 924 Woodsmen, Working Among the (a) …… 978 – Loses Dardanelles …………………. 307 – Reconstruction Delayed in………….. 923 World and the Gospel Today, The (b) Vis- Turkish Atrocities and Christian Forbearance count Bryce …………………….. 761 (b) •…•…..•……….••…..•..•.• 244 World's Need, The Challenge of the (a) – Ideas of God (a) George E. White…… 885 Howard Agnew Johnston ……… ·. ….. 15 – Protestant Church, First……………. 646 Turks Turning Toward Christianity……. 560 World S. S. Convention in Tokyo ……… 1053 UGANDA, New Cathedral at. …………. 398 Y. M. C. A. Abroad …………………. 155 Universal Week of Prayer …………….. ll 07 – Activities Transferr~d ……………… 68 Unchurched Protestant Americans Reside, – in China .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 737 – New Outlook for (b)……………… 3 Where 58 Millions (b) …………… 175 – War Funds ………………………. 555 Union, Efforts to Promote Church …….. 166 Y. W. C. A. for Chinatown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557 Y. W. C. A. Training SchooL …………. lll3 YUCATAN, Institutional Work in . . . . . . . . . . 153 Yunnan, Christian Tribesmen in ………… 929 Zambesi Industrial Mission …………••.. 829 Zionism, Opposition to ……………….. 646 Zionist Plans Delayed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Zionists, Conference of. …………….•.. 1020 NEW BOOKS, Africa, Slave or Free. John H. Harris…… 568 T. Applegarth …………………… 1036 Armenia and the Armenians. Kevork Asian 659 Life of General William Booth. Harold Beg- Bible and Missions, The. Helen Barrett bie ……………………………. 744 Montgomery ……………………. 1034 Madagascar, A Century of Adventures. Rob- Call of the South, The. V. 1. Masters….. 846 China of the Chinese. E. T. C. Werner … 741 ert Griffith ……………………… 656 – Mission Year Book …………………. 741 Mexicans and Spanish Americans in U. S. A. Chinese Heart Throbs. Jennie V. Hughes .. 1031 Christian Movement in the Japanese Em~ J. S. Stowell …………………… 1038 Missionary Outlook in the Light of the pire. Edwin Taylor Iglehart……….. 80 Christianizing Christendom. S. L. Morris.. 80 War …………. ; ………………. 742 Conscripts of Conscience. C. A. Mason… 157 Foreign Missions Conference Report…….. 845 Negro: An American Asset, The. S. J'. Foreign Missions Year Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571 Foundations of Mormonism, Thl!. W. E. Fisher ……………………….•.• 845 New Social Order, Harry F. Ward ……….. 743 La Rue .•………………………. 83 Pioneer of New Guinea, A. Edgar Rogers .. 1037 Plans for Sunday School Evangelism. Frank Frank Higgins, Trail Blazer. Thomas D. Whittles ……. " ……………….. 1030 L. Brown ………………………. 568 Rebirth of Korea. Hugh Heung-wo Cynn .. 844 Garo Jungle Book. Wm. Carey and others .. 841 Sadhu Sundar Singh. Mrs. Arthur Parker 743 Gospel and the New World, The. R. E. School of Mother's Knee. Margaret Apple- Speer ………………………….. 84 garth ………………………….. 656 Home Missions Council Report………… 572 Social and Religious Life of Italians in Hudson Taylor, Marshall Broomhall …….. 656 America. E. C. Sartorio………….. 846 Influence of Animism on Islam. S. M. Social Gospel and the New Era. J. M. Zwemer …•……………………. 742 Barber …………………………. 81 Intervention in Mexico. S. G. Inman…… 83 Some Aspects of Chinese Life' and Thought.. 157 Italian Fellow Citizens, Our. F. E. Clark.. 82 Some Aspects of International Christianity. Jewels from the Orient. Lucy S. Bain- John Kelman ……………………. 842 bridge .•…..•….•……………… 1036 Soul of America, The. C. L. Thompson…. 82 Korea's Fight for Freedom. F. A. Mc- Three Hour Sermon. Paul Kanamori. …… 743 Tragedy of Bitlis. Grace H. Knapp. XVIII Kenzie. x April Labrador Doctor, A. W. T. Grenfell…… 80 April. Lamp Lighters Across the Sea. Margaret Truth About China and Japan. B. L. Put- nam Weale. XII April. W"rk and Play in the Grenfell Mission. H.

P. and F. E. Greeley ……•..•….•.•. 655

The Missionary Review of the World — October 1908

DIBLE SOCIETY CARTS ON A TOUR IN

gMissionary '!?..ev{ew

of the World VOL. XXXI. No. 10 OCTOBER, 1908 VOL. XXI. No. 10 Old Str;« New Series PuLlisheu by Flink &> "-agllalls Company, 4-!-50 }<~. ~3d St" ! .Y. Isaac K. Funk, Pres., A. V. Vagnalls, Vice-Pres. and Trull., Robt. Scott, Sec)'

SIGNS OF THE TIMES ENLARGED PRAYERS years in China to win the first convert. It has taken longer in some countries. "Let a man take care that the circle But every day now, on the average of his petitions grows wider every through the whole three hundred and week," says Rev. J. H. Jowett. "The sixty-five days of the year, at least pathos and the tragedy in many Chris- four hundred new converts are tian lives is this: their prayers are no added. "We think we are doing well bigger to-day than they were twenty in this country, America," says J. or thirty years ago. Spiritual hos- Campbell White, "if three or four per pitality is no richer; there are no more cent. is added to the membership of a guests in their hearts. Prayers of denomination in one year, but the that kind become very stale, for a missionaries go far beyond that perman must become weary Qf the same centage. During the last ten years, company from day to day and from in India, while the entire population year to year. Let him give himself of the country has increased two and a surprize by introducing an outsider one-half per cent., the Christian into the holy circle, some neglected Church has increased thirty per cent. vagrant who rarely comes within the In Korea, this year, they added sixty petitions of the saints. Let Christians per cent. to their entire church-memscour the world for needy people, and bership, and sixty per cent. the y.ear let them bring them under the 111- before." Bishop Oldham says that in fluence of mighty intercession." the Philippines we are face to face, not with a siege, not with a campaign, READ AND PRAY but with a harvest-field of great magnitude, without reapers enough to PAGE gather the ripened grain. Thirty thousand Protestant converts have The Progress of the Kingdom 721 been gathered there since the Philip- pines were occupied by American French and Missionaries in Mada- forces. Eight thousand were added during the last year; and there is gascar …………………….. 722 every reason to believe that the mes- sage of Christianity may be spread Temperance Movement in West through all these islands during our Africa …………………….. 722 lifetime.

Progress Amid Difficulties in Persia. 723 The Black-hand Problem ………….. 726 The Religious Situation in Russia … 727 The Greatest Work in the World …. 733 The New Era in Turkey …………. 743 THE PROGRESS OF THE KINGDOM Every week there ;s added to the Christian Church out of the non- Christian nations more than three thousand converts. It took seven LAYMEN'S MISSIONARY MOVEMENT distant from another church, just as IN GERMANY if the law prohibited the placing of buildings for divine worship so close The Laymen's Missionary Move- together. At ::faroantsetra. a harbor ment seems also to be taking hold in in the Bay of Antongil. a church Germany. Professor Meinhof pub- erected five years ago has been kept lished a little booklet, "The duty of closed by the government two year~ laymen to aid in spreading the Gos- and one-half. The Protestant natives pel," in which he set forth in powerful asked for permission to reopen the language the arguments which have church. The Governor-General restirred American and English busi- fused the permission, saying: "The ness men to the depths of their hearts. native Protestants of :Yfaroantsetra,' Two meetings of leading men have few in number, of Hova origin, and been held and a third was announced led by two butchers, have always been for September 23, so that a hopeful claimed by the London Missionary beginning has been made. The in- Society. They have neither land nor tention of the leaders is to hold smaIl money to erect a building. " We arc meetings of men in private homes, assured that these native Christians especiaIly in Berlin, and to discuss are not few in number and that the there the necessary preparatory steps, church is five years old and has been and, if the way is opened, to hold a used more than two years, so that no large public meeting in Berlin dur- money is needed. ing the winter. God grant success to the undertaking, that thus German The influence of this persecution laymen may join hands with their of Protestant missionaries by the American and British brethren 111 French Governor-General becomes work for our Lord and Master! clear from the following figures pub- FRENCH AND MISSIONARIES IN lished by the Paris Missionary So- MADAGASCAR ciety. It had upon Madagascar 576 The difficulties of Protestant mis- schools in 1902; and 424 in 1903; sionaries in ::ladagascar, caused by 373 in 190 4; 3"9 in 1905; 272 in 1906, the hostile attitude of the French ancl 147 in 1907- What a decrease in Governor-General and his officials, five years; caused only by official are by no means ended, in spite of persecution! In the provinces of the protests and prayers of French Imerina and Betsileo 15,229 pupils at- Protestants and the promises of the tended the missionary schools in 1906. French Government. Here and there In 1907 the Government permitted permission has been granted to re- the attendance of 7,390 only, without build a church, or to reopen one making any provision for the others.

closed by the command of the Gov- TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT IN WEST ernor-General, but far oftener steps AFRICA are still being taken which greatly One of the Basel Society's mis- hinder the missionary work. For in- sionaries from the Gold Coast, West stance, in the country of Sihanaka, Africa, vividly describes the misery permission is refused to rebuild three caused by whisky in Africa, and its churches, for the simple reason that hindrance to the work of the mission- these churches are only half an hour aries. He states that most of the

SIG:TS OF THE

whisky brought to the Gold Coast different villages. A few 1110nths ago comes from England, and that more these people knew nothing of the love than one and one-half million dollars of Christ; but now they have come is spent annually for vvhisky, while face to face with the Savior, and have the valne of all thing's exportecl from accepted Him for time and eternity. tIll' Co!d Coast (rubber and palm-oil They are still wofully ignorant and excepted) is about sixty thousand dol- superstitions. and some of them are lars less. To remedy the ever in- living in bitterly fanatical surroundcreasing evil, the Basel Missionary ings, but the Light of God has en- Society decided some years ago to tered into their souls. found a Blue Cross Temperance Society upon the Gold Coast, and to- JAPANESE REFORMS IN FORMOSA day there are 20 Blue Cross So- CIetIes on the Gold Coast, with Japan has made extensive Im- 930 members and adherents. of whom provements in Formosa since the some are still heathen. These tem- island was ceded to her at the conperance societies are waging a suc- clusion of the war with China in r895. cessful war against the prevalent in- The island had then a population temperance and immorality and thus of 3,000,000 Chinese, and perhaps indirectly aid the missionary work. roo,ooo savages. There are now It might be well to start similar so- about 100,000 Japanese in Formosa, cieties in all other missionary fields who confine themselves to keeping suffering from intemperance. stores, hotels, bath-hollses, etc., act- ing as foremen or superintendents of PROGRESS AMID DIFFICULTIES new enterprises, doing the work of IN PERSIA skillec1 mechanics, engineers and teachers, besides controlling the mili- Rev. F. 11. Stead writes that dur- tary affairs; and acting as j lldges of ing the year, since the Arab evan- the courts. gelist ancl his wife settled in the village of Sahnah, there has been The Formosans have been given reason for thanksgiving for Gml's employment, and their wages have manifested presence and power. The increased fifty per cent. Justice is first convert was baptized on June r6, for the first time obtainable for the 1907. There are now twenty baptized poorest coolie. Schools have been converts and many inquirers. ad- built and equipped, both for boys and herents and candidates for baptism. girls. There are also normal schools The life of the village has been pro- for teachers. a medical school, two foundly affected, and the fame of agricultural schools and one police the Christian work has spread into school. Railroads were constructed, a wide district; and pilgrims passing and barracks. police stations and postthrough the place have carried the offices erert~d and telegraph and telenews to their distant homes in all phone systems installed. Harbors, parts of Persia, and even to far-avay breakwaters. docks and lighthouses Afghanistan, and to Rmsian amI have all been completed or are in Chinese Turkestan. In a recent trip process of being built, where there to the Turkish border. :fr. Stead was nothing before but danger, delay found twenty-two inquirers in five anci shipwreck. ~-n intelligent system

of taxation has been inaugurated, Abd-ul- Hamiel IT. Sultan of Tur- which has rendered Formosa prac- key, is perhaps the 1110st generally tically self-supporting. In Formosa disliked and distrusted of all reign- , the Japanese have exhibited great pa- ing powers, the King of Belgium not tience 111 dealing with vexatious excepted. Born in August, r842, he problems. is now in his sixty-seventh year. His brother, Murad V, was deposed in SPECIMENS OF NEW CHINA consequence of mental incapacity in T876, and the present Sultan suc- Dr. Arthur R. Smith recently ad- ceeded to the throne, and has there- drest a gathering of "students, fore been in power thirty-two years. teachers, anel the gentry" in one of <t the time of his accession, war was the large middle schools of Peking. in progress with Servia and Monte- "Twenty of the students formed an negro, which was concluded in 1877, admirably drilled brass band, and But Russia joined with Rumania at they took the trouble to learn and once in a declaration of war against practise the tune 'America' in honor Turkey, and invaded Rumelia. It of the occasion. Mr. Fei Ch'i Ro, was then that the famous defense of one of our returned students from Plevna occurred, when the Russians America, with others of Tung-chou were forced to retire to the Shipka training, sang a hymn. The program pass, where the Turks were held 'at of the meeting, consisting of nine bay until reenforcements lnade possi- items, was written out in large charac- ble the capture of Plevna. The Turks ters, framed, and hung over the heads retreated to Adrianople, and being of the speakers where all might read defeated also at Kars, and driven into it. An electric fan added to the com- ErZertt111, were forced to submit to fort of the speakers. The walls were terms, and in March, 1878, the treaty covered with charts and pictures il- of San Stefano was signed. The lustrating all branches of science. situation was. however, so complicated Ten large historical pictures at the as to threaten a general war, until rear, illustrating passages m the the Congress of Berlin, in July of the careers of Alexander the Great, Han- same year, brought about a lull in the nibal, C::esar, and Napoleon, a picture storm. This was one of four famous of Shakespeare, another of Washing- congresses, ranking with that of ton, and one representing the birth 'ienna in 1815. of Carlsbad in 1819, of Jesus Christ, suggested appropriate and that of Paris, at the termination lessons for a closing paragraph. All of the Russian war of 1854-56. this but a specimen of New China." The real character of Abd-ul- THE SITUATION IN TURKEY Hamid began to be revealed 1110st plainly after this congress of thirty The surprizing action of the Sul- years ago. His reluctance to carry tan of Turkey on July 24, in granting out in good faith the stipulations of a constitution to the Turkish Empire, that congress has kept all Europe has already been mentioned. If this 1110re or less in a state of unrest ever develops into tangible reality, it will since, and always on the verge of an be one of the most astonishing of all outbreak the results of which no the changes which a century has wit- nessed in the politico-religious world.

19Q8] SIGXS OF THE

statesman could forecast. The "East- there is a lurking suspicion that it was ern Question," with all its complica- to hoodwink these powers and stave tions, has always centered in the off action that the Sultan has promtreacherous .Sultan of Turkey. In ised these reforms in the Empire. 1879, pressure was put upon him by the British Government to reduce him Meanwhile ministerial changes in to submis.sion; and since that time he Constantinople are moving forward has shown himself master of the art with rapid pace-in fact, the rapidity of diplomacy, displaying a measure itself is alarming, as it threatens reboth of capacity and sagacity in the action. The "Young Turkey" propaconduct of his government and the ganda in the army in favor of management of his numerous "en- autonomy for :'1acedonia is so widetangling alliances" that has excited at spread and outspoken that already once the admiration and apprehension almost all the leaders are in the attiof all Europe, if not of all Asia as tude of mutiny. The reform has well. already assumed the character and di- mensions of a revolution. Bulgaria His methods, however, are subtle, is likely to find in the present disturboftentimes to the borders of the dia- ances in the army in Macedonia her bolical. Those who, like mission- opportunity to adjust her controveraries at the Golden Horn, are in sies with the Porte. The cry "Turkey closest contact with his court, quite for the Turks" is ambiguous and may unanimously agree that a worse man prove misleading. PUllch reminds us never perhaps occupied the seat of that the motto of the French Revoluempire. His mental powers seem to tion, "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity," be the slaves of ambition, avarice, was practically interpreted as "Infanselfishness and sensuality. In many try, Cavalry and Artillerv." matters it is difficult so to penetrate the veil of secrecy that surrounds him The young party of Turkish revoas to know the facts; but, with the ut- lutionists are liberal to the verge of most charity of judgment, it is still recklessness. They have so far broken more difficult to accredit him with loose from the fetters of the ancient any sincere and unselfish motive. regime as to demand even for nOIl- Hence the general consensus of opinion that even these concessions are to ot Mussllimell a place ill the ministry be distrusted unless they have been forced upon him. If granted of his the ]]1Ilpire! The Sultan has not been own free will we could not but think altogether above admitting even Chris" that they are only a cover to his tian men to his councils, now and then, duplicity. We hope but our hope is compelled to recognize in them both mingled with fear. wise and impartial judges, as was the case with Schwartz in India and Ver- The situation in Turkey is just now beck in Japan; but to admit outsiders sufficiently tumultuous. The powers to a place in his Cabinet is quite have decided not to press Macedonian another thillg. It is probably too reforms, but meanwhile watch devel- early to prognosticate the future of opments, leaving Turkey free to solve Turkish affairs. Mr. Beecher used to the Macedonian problem herself, but say that his "hindsight was much bet- ter than his foresight," and it is so in this case, Our best course is to

wait and meanwhile pray. There is lIr. Lewis says, "Fear of this mysonly one Power adequate to solve teriolls death-dealing power lies like the complex problems of the Sublime a cloud over fully a million Latin- Porte. But if the Turkish Sultan Americans." really intends to grant to his millions a constitutional government, it means For the rest we allow the writer an advance in civil and religious lib- to speak for himself, giving only a erty beside which even the :ew few paragraphs from his article. Japan and the reforms in China are . fter specifying cleven instances of comparatively slow; and if these bomb-explosions, 'between January I changes are actualized it will inspire and '!Iay 12, which wrecked twelve hope and prayer for all other nations. tenements or residences, and btlrned We can not but believe that God is another, besides injuring or destroyworking when such unexpected up- ing human beings, he says: turnings occur. Men may make a dynamite bomb, but it t~kes something The Black Hand owns iron laws and superhuman to produce a volcanic up- maintains iron disciplinc. Hc who would heaval or earthquake convulsions. join must demonstrate his mettle. He prLves his hardihood by killing some one THE BLACK.HAND PROBLEM whom the Black Hand points out-per- haps a member turned traitor, who has Of all the atrocities of our clay, this becn sentenced to die. If no traitor be is becoming most difficult to reach or convenient, aspirants are set fighting each even trace. The American metropolis other with knives. Whatever the ordeal, in particular is the center of this should he who seeks Black- Hand acceptproblem, which is now alike perplex- ance betray slackness of stamina or weaking and engaging commissioners of ness of heart he is refused. immigration, detective police, statesmen and sociologists. Alfred Henry The criminal money made by the Lewis, in Thc Broad"ivay Afaga::;illc, Black Hand is divided into three shares, has been unveiling the enormities of called variously "full allowance," "halfthe Black Hand organization. How allowance," and sala or "small slice." The accurate his investigations are we entered apprentice takes the "small slice." can not say, for secrecy and subtlety Advanced to the second grade, his share sO[l1etimes defy investigation, but his is the "half-allowance." Upon becoming statements are worth weighing for a chief, he succeeds to the "full allowtheir approximation to the truth. He ance, There is a grand council; under estimates that in Xew York City its orders are subordinate groups. There alone 30,000 persons live by means arc little chiefs and big chiefs. There is of t1~is Black Hand crime; and that, a treasurer and. for those who arc to die, last year, they levied in blackmail a chaplain. For ignorant recruits, in- $G,ooo,ooo-an average of ten dollar, structors in stabbing-artists in assassia head on an Italian popUlation of nation-are provided. These virtuosos of boo,OOO. In three months 227 crimes blood set up dummy figures, done in of violence were traced to this source, straw or leather, and direct practising four-fifths of which defied arrest 1 raw ones wherc to bury the blade. . ..

To stamp out this practise a life sell- tellce should be given to every maker or possessor of a bomb. Should he succeed in exploding one, tho he managed to kill nobody, send him to prison for life. Se- lerity would not be misplaced in the cases of our assassins of the Black Hanel.

RELIGIOUS SITUATION IN

IlY REV. J AYlES L. BARTON, D.D., BOSTON, MASS.

The Russian Empire embraces one- 1907 declares that these figures can seventh of the land area of the globe, hardly be trusted, since many dis- or 8,647,657 English square miles, senters are entered under the head of and contains one-eleventh of the Greek Orthodox. It is estimated world's population. During the last that there are more than 12,000,000 eight years the population of the dissenters in Great Russia alone. The Russian Empire has increased from Roman Catholics are the most nUJuer- 129,209,000 to 146,797,000, or a gain ous in the Polish provinces, the of about fifteen per cent. These are Lutherans in the Baltic provinces, the distributed as follows: Mohammedans in eastern and south- European Russia ………….. 107,626,000 ern Russia, while the Jews live almost Poland ………………….. 10,775,000 entirely in the towns and larger vil- Siberia ………………….. 6,S68,ooo lages of the western and southwestern Caucasus …………………. 10,260,000 provinces. Central Asian 'provinces …….. 8,752,000 All religions may be freely profest Finland …………………… 2,816,000 in the empire, altho the Jews are Total …………………. 146,797,000 put under special restrictions. The Only 18,000,000 of this vast popu- "Stundists," so-called by the Russians, lation dwell in what are reported as are generally regarded by the Governtowns, while 126,000,000 are recorded ment not as a religious body but as a as country residents. There are only dangerous political organization. Un- 19 cities in Russia with a population til recently dissenters have been of 100,000 or more. The great mass severely persecuted. of the Russian people live in towns containing less than 3,000 residents, It has been stated upon good auof which there are 724,635 in the thority that probably less than country. 7,000,000 of Russia's entire popula- tion constitute what we may call "en- The 147,000,000 in Russia are lightened Russ·ia." There are less divided religiously as follows:* than 6,000,000 students and pupils in all of the schools of the empire. The Orthodox Russian Church …. 87,124,000 rate of illiteracy for the entire country, Roman Catholic …………. 11,468,000' including both men and women, but :Vlohammcdan ……………. 13,907,000 excluding all of both sexes under nine Jews ……………………. 5,216,000 years of age, is on the average 73 Lutheran ……………….. 3,573,000 out of every 100 of the population. Gregorian Armenian ……… I, I 79,000 Dissidents ………………. 2,205,000 until a comparatively recent period, To these are added Armenian the laws of Russia have forbidden a Catholics, Reformed, Baptists, An- subject to change his religion except glicans, Georgians, Karaims, Bud- to join the State Church. The State dhists, etc., 22,000,000. Church has not been unmindful of the deplorable religious condition of some The "Statesman's Year-Book" for of the Don-Christian peoples in the * These statistics are according to official census country~ and not a little direct misreturns published in 1905.

sionary effort has been put forth by various churches. The British and the Orthodox Church for these, al- Foreign Bible Society employs some tho little if anything has been done to ninety colporteurs, scattered over the bring Christianity to the attention of Russian Empire. Its aim is to give the nearly 14,000,000 Russian Mo- every man in Russia the Scriptures in hammedans. his own language, in which he was born. It circulates in the Russian Bible Societiel dominions more than half a million copies of the Bible each year. The The Russian Church has been a greater portion of this circulation is substantial supporter of the work of in the Russian and Slavonic languages. Bible translation and circulation. The In many of the common schools of first Russian Bible Society was or- Russia, the Gospels, with the Rus- ganized as early as 1813, and was sian and Slavonic languages in parallel most helpful in the printing of the columns, are used as a text-book. first modern Armenian Bible. In 1818 the Russian Emperor sent a An interesting feature of this work communication to the Holy Synod ex- is the fact that through the railway pressing his desire that a translation department the privilege of the free of the Bible into Russian should be carriage of Bibles on all the railways prepared. In 1826, by ukase of Em- of the Empire, both state and private, peror Nicholas I, the charter of the is granted to the Bible Society. Ten Russian Bible Society was suspended, free tickets from the state railways after it had issued 861,000 copies of for the use of the colporteurs, valid the Scriptures, 111 about thirty anywhere, and always, upon their languages, alI spoken by peoples particular line, is granted each year. . dwelling within the bounds of the em- All Bibles imported into Russia by the pire. Subsequently the Holy Synod British and Foreign Bible Society are and the British and Foreign Bible admitted free of duty. The depots Society entered into cooperation, and and the employees of the Bible Society in 1875 the first edition of the entire are exempt froll1 trade and industrial Bible in Russian was printed and taxes. This will give a fair idea of presented to Alexander II. The the attitude assumed by the Russian Holy Synod holds the monoply for Government toward the Bible and its the Slavonic and Russian Scriptures circulation in that country. It should for circulation in Russia. They also be stated that, in 1906, 644,381 copies handle many religious books. of the Scriptures were circulated in Russia by the British and Foreign The new Russian Bible Society Bible Society alone, a number ex- adopts colportage as its method of ceeded only once in any previous year. work over the whole country with Russian and Slavonic Scriptures. Young Men's Christian Association The Evangelical Bible Society and the Finnish Bible Society make it their The relations of the Young Men's special object to provide the Scrip- Christian Association with the Ortho- tures of the Lutheran and Reformed dox Russian Church are most cordial. Churches in several languages, work- The large majority of the young men ing largely through the pastors of the who hold membership in the associa-

J THE RELIGIOlJS SITlJATION IN

tion are members of that Church. their fixt purpose to take the Bible No religious teachers anywhere in the as their only guide, and b~cause they world have given the association a rejected some of the forms and cere- warmer welcome than have the Or- monies of the Church, they were per- thodox priests of the Russian Church. secuted and finally compelled to be- The Government has shown an in- come independent. They have not, creasing interest in the society from however, been formally dismissed its organization, and two members of from the Greek Church. They prac- the Imperial Senate have been mem- tise immersion and are essentially bers of the council, and one of these Baptists.

has been president of the society. At about the same time an awaken- The headquarters of the society in ing appeared among the German Bap- St. Petersburg is a substantial build- tists in Poland and the Baltic province ing costing $150,000. The society is of Kurland. These people were given organized upon a somewhat different special religious liberty, having come basis than the same organization in largely from Germany. This move- this country, but it accomplishes the ment was f9llowed by large revivals.

same purpose in holding young men Other revival movements might be together from all classes and walks noted did space permit. Most of of life, and in interesting them in these assumed the Baptist form.

things that are highest and best. The Altho persecuted, this Baptist re- St. Petersburg association has over vival has continued to gain strength two thousand men enrolled as mem- until at the present time reports show bers, which is the limit of the capacity that there are 23,000 actual members of the building to accommodate. Great of the Baptist churches, with the numbers are seeking membership who record of worshipers greatly in excess can not be accepted because of the of that number. Baron Uxkull gives lack of proper equipment. the total of Baptists in Russia as There is a real demand not only about' 60,000, with many others who for increasing the capacity of the St. are actually Baptists in their belief, Petersburg plant, but also for open- but who have not yet formally joined ing branches in other cities in the the Russian Baptist Union. There country. <'.re in Russia over 100 mInIsters, Other Movements with 139 Baptist congregations main- About fifty years ago there was a taining some 430 stations. Without revival in southern Russia through question, the Baptist movement in the efforts of some German preachers Russia is more pronounced and far among the colonists of their own peo- better established than any other de- ple. This revival spread among the nomination outside of the Orthodox Orthodox Russians, leading to the Church.

conversion of many. These converts Through various causes, rather than received the name "Stundists," and through direct and aggressive mis- the movement became powerful. sionary effort, other denominations For some time these converts retained are represented in Russia, like the their connection with the Orthodox ~:Iethodists, Congregationalists and Church, but afterward, because of others. There, are CongTeg:!'tional.

churches in Poland organized through details as to how these conditions ,can the movement of emigrants from be carried out in dealing with the Austria into that country, as well as various races and sects in the empire. in the Caucasus region through the Another article in the decree is of Armenians who have been connected great importance, and is as follows: with the American Board missions in the eastern part of the Turkish Em- We order that wherever instruction is pire. These movements, however, given in the religion of the non-Orthodox are so sporadic and scattered that they Christian confessions the same shall be are hardly worth catalogrng at this given in the mother-tongue of the time. Neither is there need of speak- scholars. ing at any length of the various religious sects like the Stundists and This is an important proVIsIon, in other similar companies. Professor view of the previous laws, which com- George Frederick Wright states that pelled such imtructiOl1 to be given in in his judgment fully 500,000 of the the Russian language, the language population of Asiatic Russia belong of the Orthodox Church. to the various sects which maintain with great tenacity the general doc- Subsequent to the decree from trine of Orthodox Christians, but who which quotation has already been are vigorously protesting against the 111ade, an Imperial ukase, granting full authority of the State Church. religious freedom to the old believers, has been issued. According to this Recent Changed Condi'ions law- On Easter day, 1905, Czar Nicholas, Any dissident sect numbering fifty Emperor of Russia, issued an edict pel sons, whose aims are not immoral, or of reform which was widely read having tenets like refusal to do military throughout the world. One of the service, can apply for and shall receive declarations of this edict is in the fol- permission to organize churches, conduct lowing terms: services, build schools, and elect clergy who shall be exempt from military serv- ice and be entitled to wear vestments and perform baptism. marriage and otht'r sacraments.

We ordain that the falling away frum This was issued in October, 1<)06. the Orthodox faith to any Christian COI1- During the next month the educafession of faith shall not give ground for tional departments of Russia issued any persecution, and shall not work a declaration providing for the abandisastrous consequences to the personal donment of the old policy, which or civil rights of such a person. threw hindrances in the way of effort to spread elementary knowledge That when a parent belonging to one among the ignorant masses of the of the Christian confessions leaves it for Russian peasantry. In order to carry another that all the children who have out this declaration the lIinister of not reached their majority must remain Public Instruction proposes to enlarge, in the faith to which the other parent at the state's expense, the normal belongs, but when both parents go over, schools of the empire. then the children under fourteen shall follow the faith of their parents, but These manifestoes or decrees are those over that age shall remain in their simply decrees, and have oot yet been former religion.

Other points of the decree cover

1<)08] THE RELIGlOUS SITUATIO.t IN RUSSIA 73

enacted into laws with provision for ficatiun. This charter sets forth as its their execiltion. The old laws bear- object: ing upon religious liberty have not (I) T() bring believing Christians spirbeen repealed, and there are no new itually near to one another without laws and regulations for the new COI1- reference to their confessional character- clitions created. This has led to COI1- istic" on the ground of the Gospel, and siderable confusion upon the part of for cnrooting among them the consciouslocal officials, and has not produced ness ()f their oneness in Jesus Christ. a uniform application of these decrees in all parts of the country. (2) To spread evangelical truth in a Christian non-confessional spirit.

(3) To apply evangelical principles to The close censorship of the press life by means of the spread of education seems to have been removed, altho and charitable work in the same spirit.

whoever prints anything that is acl- The methods by which these re- judged by the courts detrimental to sults are to be obtained are-the or- the interests of the government is ganization of spiritual conferences and liable to arrest and trial before either lectures, preaching, the printed Word, the civil or criminal conrts. ~ 0 educational and charitable establish- longer does the British and Foreign ments, etc.

Bible Society submit manuscripts to All persons of full age are eligible the censor. It prints whatever it for membership in the alliance "with- wishes, without official interference of out distinction of sex, nationality or any kind. confession, who acknowledge' the There is, undoubtedly, in Russia Holy Scriptures of the Old and New at this time a deep spirit of religious Testament as the only founciation of unrest, even among the members of their doctrine, who have a living, con- the Orthodox Church. The writer scious faith in the Lord Jesus Christ was repeatedly informed by members as their personal Savior and Re- of this Church and by others that the deemer, who have received the inner educated classes are no longer held witness of their spiritual birth, and by th~ Church. A Russian of high 'ho by their lives testify to. their faith … rank and of wide influence writes: The anti-Christian propaganda all over llembers of the alliance do not cease to be members of their own Russia is so rifc that evcn in the villages church or com111union. The alliance churches are getting cmpty anJ peasant workmcn will sncer at the G()spels of- is to be managed by a council in St. fered to them ~s' never bef()re. The Petersburg, consisting of twenty perupper classes arc mostly Christian only sons "chosen from among representin name, and many arc not even that. atives of different evangelical views." On the other hand, there is 'l willing- It is the plan of the founders to open ness and eagerness in many places to hear as ncver beforc, 6lnu evangelistic branches of the alliance in other parts meetings are usually very well attended. of the empire. As yet the Govern- Because of these conciitions, new ment has not reported action upon and full of promise. the Russian Evan- this charter. The entire plan seems gelical Alliance has been reorganized. like a wise and safe move to make and its charter is now in the hands of the Gospel of Christ effective in the the Ministry of the Interior for rati- Empire. If the sought-for recognition

is obtained fr0111 the Government. it Boards of North America appointed will give the alliance legal standing two years ago a committee upon the and enable many in the Church to subject of religious work in Russia. take a strong hand in the direction In I907 they made a report to the of its affairs. in common with those conference from which some of the outside who are seeking the best in- statements in this paper were taken. terests of Russia. The committee was continued, and re- cently made their second report. Needs and Opportunity Three of the members of this commit- tee visited Russia in the investigation In addition to the Baptist movement of this subject, and were in wide correconnected with the Russian Baptist spondence with other investigators as Cnion and the work of the Young well as with people residing within Men's Christian Association and the the Empire. Some of the conclusions Bible societies. the Presbyterian Mis- of this committee as to what can best sion in Persia, the American Boarel be done under present circumstances missions in Turkey and Bohemia, and to advance evangelical Christianity the Methodist Conference in northern in Russia are: Germany are extending their operations over into the borders of the Rus- I. That the time is not ripe for any sian Empire, reaching for the most general denominational advance upon part nominal Christian peoples who are Russia upon the part of mission not members of the State Church. The boards. While there are to-day un- :Iethodist ~Iission Boarel, with head- usual openings for many kinds of diquarter~ in New York, has begun a rect evangelistic work, it was the direct mission work in St. Petersburg. opinion of the committee above re- The dissenting peoples of various na- ferred to that any general action by tionalities 111 Russia, through ig- the denominational mission boards of norance, are liable to emphasize, in this country or of Europe would their beliefs, practises and worship, probably retard the movement now vagaries in the faith to such an extent in progress rather than advance it. that the fundamentals of Christianity are in danger of being forced into the 2. That the fundamental principle background. The sudden increase of of Christian advance in that counreligious liberty in that country brings try should be to stimulate and assist to the dissenting bodies as well as to evangelical Russian organizations to the more evangelical of the Russian employ agencies already established Church a real peril. Liberty to which or to be established there, like the they are not accustomed may be in- Russian Evangelical Alliance and the terpreted into license in belief and Young Men's Christian Association. practises. which in the face of widespread ignorance may work harm and 3. That Russia needs now especially not good. The new movement in a broad, wholelwme, constructive, ver- Russia calls for special sympathy ami ,nacular Christian literature to meet cooperation from the West. the inquiries now being made by lead- ing members of the National Church The conference of the officers and as well as by a vast number of the members of the Foreign Mission other classes so numerous in the country. There is a deplorable lack

Jg08] THE GREATEST WORK TN THE WORLD

of good Christian literature in the terests of a Russian Evangelical country. Church. This Yould probably re- quire some aid in money and men 4. That every endeavor should be from this country, but it would necesmade to raise up in Russia itself a sarily be a missionary work differing large force of weIl-educated preachers widely from that now carried on in and evangelists wisely to direct the countries like China and India. movement toward the organization of societies and churches upon the basis In many respects Ru~sia presents of evangelical Christianity, and to an opportunity surpassed by no other help the people to a sane and Biblical country for an immediate Christian form of belief and practise. The cry- advance, while at the same time the ing need of Russia to-day seemed to method of approach should be the committee to be for a trained and peculiarly adapted to local conditions balanced evangelical ministry. and present circumstances. Russia can no longer be ignored or set aside 5. That the leaders of all of this as a country which presents no claims advance should be Russians, largely- upon the sympathy and aid of the naif not entirely-directed by Russian tions of the Vest. organizations, and· working in the in- THE GREATEST WORK IN THE WORLD BY REV. HENRY OTIS DWIGHT, LL.D., NEW YORK Formerly missionary of the American Board in Constantinople The tremendous activities in which better, the machinery of ten years capital engages in this century, the ago is now fitly cast into the junkplans which thrive on obstacles, and heap, and one laughs to-day on rethe concentrations of force which membering the ocean steamers which achieve the impossible are a chaIlenge twenty years ago were thought the as well as an incitement to the re- acme of possible attainment in size and ligious bodies of Christendom. Be- speed. But this fatal tentativeness, cause these bodies aim to benefit the which dooms to transiency the greathuman race, let them do in moral est works of men in a physical and maand spiritual directions something as terial domain, does not characterize clearly worth while as the physical Christian work for the race in a moral and material achievements which are and spiritual sphere. Uganda can the glory of the twentieth century. not expel the principles of truth and right from the tribes of Central The challenge is met. The evan- Africa, which it has done so much to gelistic enterprises at home and reclaim from savagery, nor can Japan abroad of many different Christian smother in her brain cells what ideals denominations rank among the great- of manly character she has absorbed est and most permanent works of directly or indirectly from the Bible. men. Huge buildings in New York, No question of dividends chains to one erected fifteen years ago, are torn land or people such church enterprises. down to make room for greater and

The challenge is met. Each separate vallce out of stagnancy, and the minis- Christian denomination is engaged in tcr anywhere garners tares unless the a work which, as a permanent benefit Bible is the implement of his own daily to tIle race, will bear comparison with labor, and his silent but powerful the greatest works of master-builders. coadj utor in the homes of his people. and which the most cold-blooded •statesmen can not ignore. Few ever ask where missionaries get the Bibles on which their success These great evangelistic enterprises depends, or whence non-Christian at home and abroad are known as the races and tribes receive the Bibles fruits of Christianity, amI their benefi- which inject into their minds new and cent influence as the harvest from the fruitful ideas. The sources of supply sowing of Christian truth. Trans- for most of the English Bibles and for A RUSH TO BUY GOSPELS IN lated into the simplest terms, this practically all of those mother means that they are based on the languages thus used are the Bible so- Bible, which is neither temporary nor cIeties. Among all of the world's actentative in aim or method, and from tivities no single enterprise is greater, which no work of a Christian church in the forces combined for its purcan separate itself. Missionaries are poses , in extent and in the scope and sent to preach the Gospel: that is to permanence of its benefit to nations say, the Bible. They read the Bible and to individuals than the simple with the people, they teach it in all enterprise of the Bible societies. It is schools, from kindergarten to uni- of this great cooperative agency for versity, and they urge the people to circulating the Bible, and more parstudy it in the family. The people ticularly of the American Bible So- Inust have the Bible if they are to ad- ciety, that this paper would treat. What Bible Societies Do The DUtributioD of Scripture.

The work of a Bible society is These Scriptures, in about five hunwider and deeper than figures can dred different languages, were not show; yet a few figures ought to be only sent to all parts of the world; held in mind for the sake of the per- they have been delivered singly to inspective of the facts. During the dividuals in all civilized and half-civyear ending March' 3r, 1908, the ilized countries throughout the world. American Bible Society issued from Go to the tents of Asiatic nomads, th e Bible House III New York to grass-shelters of mid-Africa, and THE PEKING BI BL E-SHOP 0 .1<' THE AMt:RICAN BIBLE SOCI ETY 989,23I volumes-Bibles, Testaments to snow-huts of the Arctic regions, and and Portions. Through its agencies you will fin d the Bible has preceded abroad it issued 906,710 volumes you. A few weeks ago the American more, making a total of [,895,941 Bible Society had a lette r from Cape volumes issued during the year. But Prince of Wales, the westernmost the American society is only a part point of Alaska, expressing thanks for of the great Bible-circulating enter- a box of Scriptures which had been prise. During the same year the nearly two years on the way from British and Foreign Bible Society is- New York, and enclosing $5 from the sued 5/i88,38r volumes, and the Scot- Eskimos of that froz en region as ti sh Kational Bible Society [ ,637,889 an offering of gratitude for the books. volumes. Twenty-three lesser Bible Egypt and North Africa are absorbing societies in Europe issued r,20s,I83 increasing quantities of its Arabic volumes. That is to say, an aggregate version, and a little while ago the soo f 10427,394 volumes were issued ciety fini shed printing the Gospels last year by Bible societies (llone. and Acts in Chamorro, the language of Guam, III the Central Pacific. of missionary work among the people. Great as is the mass of books manu- They baptize no converts, organize factured by the Bible societies every no churches, and found 110 schools. year, this world-wide distribution, Yet their work in Illinois, Indiana, with its infinite detail, reveals the Minnesota, California and other simple and obvious fact that the manu- States has led up to the organization, facture of Bibles is a mere incident by various denominations, of churches of the society's undertaking. The en- among the foreign-born population, grossing work of the Bible Society thus discovering one solution of the is the distribution of Scriptures so problem of assimilating our immisympathetically and so resolutely that grants. In Brazil, the Philippines, for any needy man neither poverty and Korea, likewise, many churches nor distance shall be a barrier to their have sprung from the devoted efforts possession. of the colporteurs ofthe Bible Society. One does not, however, attempt to The Meaning of Bible Distribution distinguish the results of the mission- ary's efforts from the fruits of the At home, the American Bible So- Bible Society's labors. The Bible Society has seven great agencies in dif- ciety furnishes the Book, and both ferent parts of the Gnited States, one take it to the people. To both the of which is occupied entirely with important point is that in that Book distribution among the colored people every man may hear words which of the South. Four hundred auxil- can never wholly fade from memory. iary Bible SOcieties, with fields vary- since he recognizes them instinctively, ing from a town to a State, are as Adam did in Eden, to be God's important channels of distribution, words to him. Every man may find bearing the expense t!:~:-::~e!ycs. there what a love is his undeserved Abroad, the society has twelve heritage through Jesus Christ. Every agencies in two hemispheres; and man may fip0 God there speaking to through the cordial cooperation of him who is weak, to him who is missionaries, its distribution work troubled, to him who is uncertain, inreaches other lands in Europe, and in exhaustible certainties of cheer, hope Persia, India, South Africa, and ~1i­ and comfort. Therefore, missionary cronesia. All of these agencies em- and Bible agent together carry this ploy colporteurs to seek out and matchless book to those starvelings supply to all who will value it the who do not know that it fills one-half Bible in their own tongue. the world with light, and have never even imagined that such a light exists. One perceives from this extensive distribution that the Bible Society is Is This Work Worth While? a missionary society specialized. It is supported by many denominations, Even miners of gold are asked to instead of being supported, like most show results in proof of the worth missionary societies, by a single de- of their enterprise. One token of the nomination; and instead of having, worth of the enterprise of the Bible like missionaries in general, many Society is that it sounds the deepest different forms of work, the agents needs of men. In the heart of every which it sends out do a single kind man lies hidden a persistent need and hi s Heavenly Father's face! I once desire to know One who can instruct, knew a Mohammedan in Turkey who rule, love. and give peace. The Bible had a Bible. He would read it unsati sfies this desire in thousands all til he had to fling it across the room, over the world. One of the Bible foaming at the mouth with indigna- Society's colporteurs last year visited tion. After days and perhaps weeks a prosperous Bohemian merchant in he would read it again because it said Chicago who was an atheist. The to him things which made his :few Testament had nothing for him, heart glow. This struggle between A LOAD OF SCRlrTURES IN DRAZIL he said. That was a book to amuse vaguely felt needs and hatred for children. But the hard self-com- whatever was Christian I':cnt on durplacent man was grieving over the ing some ten years, and then the death of a son whom he loved, and Book made him surrender to his the colporteur made this man's ' love cravings for God. I had the pleasure for the son whom death had taken of being present at his baptism and illustrate the love of God, shown in long knew him as a humble, joyful the Bible as pitying him like as a believer in Jesus Christ. father pities his children. This thought came as a revelation to the Revolution. in ChAracter merchant, for in that instant his yearning heart told him that he had What such a man finds in the Bible lived a lifetime without a glimpse of is the vision of a new life. The records of all the Bible societies

abound in instances of changed char- hammeclan, for instance, read in the acter traceable directly to Bible read- Bible that simple little axiom, ., No ing, and ilS striking as would be a man can serve two masters," and change in a thistle which would make thenceforth he can not cast this truth it bear figs. These new lives spring- ont of his mind and become ignorant ingfrom Bible distribution are founcl of it as he was before. The question growing and bearing fruit among our of obeying moral precepts lies in own people, among the immigrant many minds as one of expediency.

multitudes in cities, in mining regions, Let a Buddhist, for instance, who among the great farms of the prairies, treats ethics somewhat in this way, and in lumber camps in the mountain read the Bible, and he discovers that regions of the ~orthwest, and in if there be a God, men must be pure every pagan land throughout the and holy as God is pure. The truth world. There are even ministers in is forever planted in his mind as a differen.t parts of our country to-clay ferment, altho the man determine with who ascribe the beginning of a long set teeth that he will do as he likes life of pastoral sen;ice to a Testament anyhow. To have conscience intro- received from a Bible Society agent duced where none existed is like on landing as an immigrant on these transfusion of blood in a case of shores. As a Mohammedan in Mo- anemia. Life ma' follow instead of rocco recently said, "The Koran has sure death.

good advice in it, but when you read A Uniform World.standard of Ethics the New Testament a person seems to be drawing you to himself." That Thinking pagans in India, China phrase epitomizes the power of the and Japan whose morals have lost Book as felt by many a sincere and edge and sharpness by long rolling earnest but unenlightened soul. It about under waves of impUlse, suggests, too, the profound change Africans seemingly bereft of moral produced in those who can hear th:: sense, and islanders of the Pacific words of Christ, stimulating the who have been tigers in cruelty are farmer to think of better crops, the finding in some degree a new moral mechanic to improve his tools, and the point of view in the Bible. Those merchant to widen his market through luminous words clear men's thoughts diligence and probity. on elementary morality. One of the Cultivates a New Conscience most striking facts of the Hinduism of to-day is the uprising of its re- Among pagans and others outside ligious men for reform, abandoning of Christendom the Bible is producing "custom" as a safe guide; admitting a remarkable enlightenment of con- a duty to the down-trodden masses, science even where Christianity is not trying to make out that the shameless • accepted. Throughout the world vices which the Bible has made them there are those who cling to the notion see now were never really tolerated that among other 'inventions of the by their religion, and seeking to prove twentieth century a scheme may yet that they always knew truths which be invented for serving both God and they have received through reading Mammon. Let such .a one, a Mo- the spiritual teachings of Jesus Christ.

GREATEST WORK IN THE WORLD

lh missionaries and COJJlJl!ollly at the Bible. At the beginning of misthe expense of the Bible societies, sions in China in 1807, Chinese law the Bible has been translated into forbade the publication of the Bible, every great language in the world. the penalty of death being assigned This means to all races elevation of to anyone who .should print it, and their conception of morals. One of even to anyone who should aid in the most sublime of the general re- translating it in China. Since then sults of disseminating the Bible among many influences commonly called nations outside of Christendom is that the Book slowly but certainly is forming within fetish worshipers, and demon worshipers, and unbelieving minds all over the world, an ideal of manliness and right which is uniform because it is the noble ideal seen in Jesus Christ. vVith awe, we have to admit that such results are beyond human power to produce; a majestic Supreme control cooperates with the humble workers of Bible society and missionary society. These results are 110t clue to the men b.ut to the Hook, interpreted by the Spirit of God.

The Opening of the Nations "natural causes" have worked to- gether to open that great empire to The Bible Society's enterprise is the free circulation of the Bible, durworth while because this same Su- ing the last year the common people preme power has opened the way for receiving, and generally paying the advance, forcing all nations to admit Bible societies something for more this Book to free circulation, when than two million volumes of Scripture but two or three generations ago the in the Chinese tongue. Similar inmajority of them used to suppress it. stances might be brought from There has been no backward move- Turkey, Japan, Tibet, and other connment, the sweep is ever forward. tries. Weare reminded by snch In r852 an Italian sailor obtained a events of the old prophet's utterance Bible of a Bible Society agent in l' ew as spokesman for Almighty God: York and took it back to Italy. The "I am working a work in your days book was found by the police, and the :nan who dared to take a Bible to Italy was punished by ten years of hard labor in chains. The political power of the Popes was broken in 1870, and since then Roman Catholic countries all over the world, one after the other, have been led to abolish laws prohibiting the popular use of

which ye will not believe tho it be brought to faith in Jesus Christ, told you." The kings of the earth against his stubborn will, by reading without intention and under duress the Bible, and who straightway have been fostering the advance of bought 100 Bible Portions to distrib- Ilible circulation; ami as the fact is ute among his Mohammedan friends g-rasped, the privilege of working to- for their enlightenment. Another g-ether with God in His great under- colporteur in China narrates such a taking to lift up all races can no longer singular incident as this. A school- he veiled by petty interests. girl bought a Gospel, but could not read all the hard words, and finally Rewards of the Work asked her big brother to help her understand the difficult passages. The joy of compensation goes with Through helping his sister to read this work, as when a colporteur in that book, of which he had ne·ver Cuba met at Cardenas several people heard, the Chinese scholar was con- who thanked him for having brought verted to faith in Jesus Christ. We the Bible to their. attention, since it may be sure that a man or woman had led them to Christ; or as a col- who has once tasted the savor of the porteur in Korea, who cheerily reports work which Jesus Christ commanded that both of the warring factions are to be done, never has to be urged to friendly to the Bible, for both respect help on the circulation of the Book a donkey-load of Bibles as a pass- which contains all the things which port and safe-conduct which opens He would have men taught to observe. him a way through the hostile lines; or again, as at Angora, in Asia Minor, A Call to Action when two little girls brought to the Bible agent $2.50 collected by months Not only to Bible societies and misof self-denial, which they wanted to sionary societies did the Lord Jesus send to "the society that publishes the say "Go teach all nations." He said Bible for us." it to all His followers, a most prac- tical command, for neglect of which Furthermore, there is a reward of there is no excuse. Years ago, in the service in the privilege of watching crowded streets of Constantinople, the saving influence of Bible truths where men jostle each other and upon people who are now first read- tread on each other's heels in a puring them; as in a district of Cappa- suit of pennies no less strenuous than docia, notable as a part of the mis- is the pursuit of dollars in New York, sion field of St. Paul, where a blind I often watched with admiration some man, having been converted by read- colporteur of the American Bible Soing the Gospels in raised letters, last ciety, weighed down with a bag of year assisted the colporteur, traveling books and carrying in one hand 272 miles to carry out his purpose of specimens of the Scriptures in differlove, distributing nearly 200 volumes ent languages. The colporteur did of Scripture, besides teaching three not lug for amusement that heavy blind girls to read the Testament in bag of books about those crowded raised letters. In China a colporteur streets; people often cursed and somemet a Mohammedan from Nanking, times cuffed him. He did not do it a gentleman and a scholar, who was for pay; his pay was forty-three cents regular wages of the work, and the a day. He did it for the joy of work man's only comment on the affair was, which Jesus Christ has left to be done "But they did not find me!" by His followers. For the love of Christ gives these workers joy in The report of the American Bible their tribulations, like the agent in the Society, from which these incidents Philippines who, last year, was pub- are taken, like those of all Bible solicly denounced by a parish priest as cieties, abounds in similar incidents worse than a missionary, since the and adventures of these colporteurs who, from the very highest motives, A. MEXICAN COLPORTEUR ABOUT TO SET OUT ON A TOUR Bible Society agent goes everywhere give their lives to this greatest work -a devil in human form, whose in the world. Such workers are of a books will bring danger of eternal type that challenges emulation. punishment upon those who receive them; or like that other colporteur The Present Opportunity for Christians near Havana, who, last summer, offering his books at a house, the mis- This is a great work, a perplexing tress shrieked at him, "Get out of work, calling for thought, for toil, here, you devil!" And, adds the for self-denial, for love to God and colporteur, "If I had not quickly done man, and for faith that takes God at so they would have beaten me." So His word. Because it is a work, it also a colporteur in Mexico, who was is not to be admired and wondered glad to be sought diligently by a at, and dreamed about, and helplessly howling mob with guns loaded ex- <1ropt out of mind . It is a thing to pressly to kill him because his ~ibles be done. Because it is a work more had won some. It was a part of the noble, more close to God's love, and t) God's declared purpose than anv

other work seen or imagined, it is to set apart by the donors, and by be done by Christians. similar permanent investments; but The American Bible Society has the S1lm of $270,000 for work now in this year received from a lady, who hand remains to be made up before loves this great Bible enterprise, and the end of next ~Iarch by contribu- whose ineans a re as generous as her tions from the auxiliary societies, the impulses, a munificent offer of aid on churches and individuals, increased bv condition that others will associate receipts which may be expected in th~ themselves in an act of free-handed ordinary course of events from lega- liberality. cies. Hence the effort to raise the half ::lrs. Russell Sage has offered million for endowment must be special the American Bible Society $500,008, effort. Let nothing turn attention on condition that within the year away from the need to maintain these others make up an equal sum to form expected annual contributions for with her individual gift a permanent work now in hand.

fund of $r,ooo,ooo, whose income shall We glory in the costly fleet of bat- help to support the great enterprise tleships which we have sent to the of the society. Such a fund once es" other side of the world; but America tablished will bring to the society might exist without her navy. We forty or forty-five thousand dollars are proud of the business prosperity each year to increase the circulation which thunders over our railroads, of the Bible. Mrs Sage's generous rumbles in our factories, and fills offer impels all friends of Bible work with gold our treasuries; yet our na- to aid in raising this sum, those who tion has lived through the loss of one have means contributing to the fund, or another of these glories of and those who, like Peter at the America, for man "doth not live by Beautiful Gate, have neither silver bread alone, but by every word th;t nor gold, giving that which they proceedeth out of the mouth. of God."

have-their personal influence. The Should, however, this greatest work amount needed can be raised for this of circulating the Word of God ever work of God if everyone with a languish through neglect, should the willing heart does what to him or her Christian Church ever forget to succor is possible. in the lIastcr's name the feeble gro- Every year the grip of insuffi- pings of those who have not a birth- ciency holds back the American Bible right in the Dible, should the Bible Society fro111 extensions demanded Society's great undertaking ever be by the increase of population at home crippled or cramped through careless and the increase of opportunity love of ease, then wo to the Christian abroad. The estimates and appro- Church! Upon her rests responsi- pnatlOns of the Society for the year bilit· for giving extent and intensity ending ~rarch 3l, 1909, show a total to this great enterprise of uplift of $562,700; of which amount $2Y3,- through the Dible. To her the 359 will be made up from such Lord] esus has committed the glorious sources of revenue as the proceeds task of taking to every nation, tribe of sale~, income of permanent funds and individual His very words of life.

AND GOLD BAND WORN BY CROWDS IN CONSTANTINOFLE

It reads: "Long Live the King. Liberty, Justice, Equality, Brotherhoud"

THE NEW ERA IN TURKEY BY ltr:V. CH.RLES T. RIGGS, OF CONSTANTINOPLE, TL'!{KEY Once more the Ottoman Empire This is, first of all, a movement of is a constitutional monarchy. The . the people. The palace clique, which constitution, elaborated so carefully ruled the empire till July 24, exists in 1876 by Midhat Pasha and "sus- no longer. iIajors Enver and Niazi, pended" by Sultan Hamid on Feb- of the Third Army Corps, the heroes ruary 14, 1878, has again cmpe into or'the day, were not heard of a year force, and Kiamil Pasha, who studied ago. The country is now ruled by at Oxford university. has taken the the Committee of Union and Progress, place of the tricky Albanian, Ferid with its headquarters in Galata, the Pasha, as Grand Vizier. Two 1110nths shipping center of the city; amI this have passed, and the new regime still committee is of the people and for works. Will it work for two years? the people. Immense trowds gathered It is the suddelllless of it all that on the two days following the grant- strikes one. No one of the foreign ing of the constitution, and going ambassadors in Constantinople fore- to the various ministries, compelled saw the event three days in advance. the ministers to swear allegiance to The Sultan was planning war with the new order. It was in the truest Bulgaria then,' as the only means of sense a popular movement. In a keeping the army loyal. Ferid Pasha sense, Turkey is the 1l10st democrati", was about to step into his carriage country possible. There is no aristoc- to go to the Sublime Porte for a meet- racy; and rich and poor, educated and ing of ministers, when he was told ignorant, meet on COmmon ground.

that he was no longer Grand Vizier. When the public welfare was menaced At a Cabinet Council held July 22, by the release of all prisoners in the the aged Arab astrologer Abou-I- capital, and not merely of political Houda, who was sick and had been prisoners, large numbers of ordinary carried thither on his bed, elared to citizens voluntarily undertook the tell the Sultan that nothing but role of private police, and many pick- the promulgation of the constitution pockets and other miscreants were would save the throne. Even then thus arrested. The ctowd invariably His Majesty WQuid not yield till he took the side of justice; and whife heard that the Second and Third arrests were numerous, not a case of Army Corps were ready to march lynching has been reported at the against him. The world knows the capital. Thus far, it is apparent that outcome, the people rule.

A most favorable sign is, that there German order, that of the Black are no distinctiolls of race or creed. Eagle. The minister to Washington Greek and Bulgarian "komitajis," had to go, for he is a son of the inor insurgents, many of them true pa- famous Izzet Pasha, who fled for his triots, are being photographed to- life, and after whom fifteen Young gether with Turkish officials. Apostol, Turks have started, sworn to bring a famous Greek chief, and Sandansky, him back dead or alive to Constantithe leader of the Bulgarian band that nople. Another hated member of the captured Miss Stone-men who would palace clique escaped, drest as a gladly have. cut each other's throats monk. The rest are all in jail, save six months ago-were recently the the notorious chief of spies, Fehim guests together of Turkish army of- Pasha, whom the people sent to a ficers at a dinner. In Serres, in timely grave. Macedonia, before a crowd of 15,000, the Mufti, a Turk, publicly embraced In the plans for reorganizing the the Bulgarian priest and the Greek civil service, economy has beCl! a metropolitan, as a sign of the new prime consideration. The salaries of unity. A large assembly of Arme- many officials have been reduced to nians and Turks, including Turkish one-quarter or half the previous officers and the students of a military sums. Many absolutely useless ofschool, went to the cemetery in Con- fices have been supprest. The lestantinople, where the 5,000 victims gations at Madrid and Stockholm of the Armenian massacre of r896 have been abolished for lack of work. were flung into trenches, and joined But most important of all, financially, in a memorial service. A similar the whole system of spies has been service was held in an Episcopal abolished. There were more spies church in London, attended by all employed by the palace than there the officials of the Turkish Embassy were soldiers in the regular army; as weIl as by many .rmenians. A and the maintenance of this infamous Greek and an Armenian have been octopus cost the empire millions of given portfolios in the new ministry. pounds annually. Henceforth, espio- This remarkable outcome-the actual nage is to be treated as a criminal sight of the wolf dwelling with the offense. ~0 wonder the financial Iamb-has induced Russia and Eng- outlook has so brightened that whereland to agree to suspend action in as formerly the Sultan had to beg ~Iacedonian affairs and give the one bank after another for loans, now Young Turks a chance. the Ottoman Bank offers loans to the riew government of its own accord. There has been a prompt and drastic extirpation of corrupt oHicials, The new era has been marked The whole ministry has been twice by a revival of journalism. More changed. Incidentally, the personal than two hundred new periodicals are friendship between the Emperor WiIl- said to have sprung up since the aboliiam and Abd-ul-Hamid was given a tion of the censorship. Naturally, rap; for the deposed Grand Vizier, only the fittest will survive; but Ferid Pasha, now awaiting trial, had seldom has any country experienced just been decorated with the highest so sudden and welcome a relief as that resulting from the abolition ot

J THE NEW ERA IN TURKEY

the press censorship. Men of real or a supplement to a periodical; the literary merit, such as Fikret Bey, annual delay due to the impossibility editor of the Tallill, the organ of of asking Moslem official's to do their the committee, and professor of Turk- duty during Ramazan, the month of ish in Robert College, may now pub- fasting; the submission of each manulish what they like, without being script in triplicate to two successive subject to the ruthless blue pencil and censors, and the necessity of permisscissors of the censor, and without sion to publish, even after permission fear of indefinite suspensIon. Such to print had been given-all this and A REVOLUTIONARY POSTAL CARD FOR TURKEY CONTAINS THE PORTRAIT OF ENVER BEY, THE HERO OF THE REVOLt::TlON , words as liberty, constitution, ::Jace- much I1lJre of petty tyranny is done donia, patriot, star, which have not away with. The whole staff of the appeared for years, may now be used Mearif, or censorship bureau, is look- freely. Criticism of the old regime ing for a job, while the editors of the is allowed, and has thus far beel1 con- mission paper, Avedaper, write most ducted in an admirable spirit. Books helpful editorials on "The Ottomans and papers are now allowed to pass and Liberty," "Our Fellow-country- freely through post-office and custom- men," "The Limitations of Liberty," house, provided only they do not di- etc., ill the endeavor to train up the rectly attack the Sultan nor Islam. people to an intelligent appreciation And what of the bearing of the new and use of their new privileges. regime on religious work in the Ot- Many useful books that formerly toman empire? This same freedom could have obtained permission only of the press is a great hoon to the in a mutilated form, if at all, may missionaries and their colaborers. now be freely printed. A single in- The endless red tape necessary in ob- stance of the vexations formalities taining permission to publish a tract that are to-day a thing of the past

will suffice. Several years ago the fusiol1g him a tezkere for the out-sta- editor of the Greco-Turkish weekly, tion he wished to visit, or for any Allgcliaphoros, Dr. Barnum, ap- other point except his home in plied to the proper authorities for C;:esarea. Only the insistence of Am- permission, not to change the language bassador Leishman finally brought of the paper entirely, but to put in about the desired result. But to-day, occasional articles in pure Greek, for Armenians even, and formerly ban- the benefit of those readers who could ished Turks, travel freely wherever understand Greek. This simple re- they will, even to the capital. This quest was put "under the mat," as will make touring infinitely easier, the Turks graphically say. somewhere and will also make possible sl1ch in its passage through the various gatherings as Sunday-school conven- bureaus, and never received any tions and young men's conferences, answer. ;.;or was it possible to and church-deputation work-things get anyone to look up the matter till now utterly impossible. It will again-it was simply blocked. But also greatly facilitate the coming of now anyone may print what he students to the high schools and col- likes in any language in any paper. leges. Many have hitherto been for- Not only this, but text-books, per- bidden to attend, or prevented by the fectly harmless in themselves, but impossibility of getting a tezkere. which were previously forbidden, can Still more frequently, the permit to now be used in mission schools. The travel has cost the aspiring student writer has himself been called to the four and five times its legal price in post-office and forced to cut out of tips and presents. each copy of a reader an article on "The Dogs of Constantinople" be- The amelioration of conditions will fore the book was allowed to be used also doubtless benefit the churches by as a text-book in Anatolia College. bringing back many who have fled. Geographies and histories were es- the country or been exiled, and by pecially under the ban, because they stopping the tide of emigration which had a way of refusing to make the had been so disastrous in many re- Turkish empire the greatest in the gions. In the Harpoot field, such world. But now this is changed. large numbers of Armenians had emi- Can our American readers compre- grated as to seriously retard the hend how much easier it is to teach progress of self-support, and cvcn to loyalty to the new regime than it was endanger the very existence of several to teach loyalty to the former tyranny? churches. It is estimated by those in a position to ju~lge, that many thou- Another great relief is the removal sands will return to Turkey from the of restrictions on travel. In former United States alone, to say nothing times the matter of getting a tezkere, of Egypt, Bulgaria. Russia. England or traveling permit. was comparatively and other places. God grant that simple for a foreigner, tho often im- these returning emigrants may take possible for a native. Occasionally. Christ back with them to their homes! however. the missionaries were sub- Events have proved that in another jected to great annoyance. Rev. J. L. respect also missionary work will be facilitated. Some years ago the Fowle was once detained several American Board bought property out- !11onths at Angora, the government re-

fEW ERA IN TURKEY

side the town of Talas for a hOl's' leaders in the new regime are men high school, and began to build, when trained in Paris or other Europeau the missionaries there were suddenly cities, and the people recognize the informed that His :YIajesty had bought value of foreign ideas. The enthu- that property, and they woule! please siastic reception given to the new clear rn.lt and go to the bank and re- British ambassador, Sir Gerard ceive their money. Passive resistance, Lowther, on his arrival in the capital, however, won the day, and after was an instance 111 point. They are many 1110nths' delay, the boys' school is now housed. Last year the Sultan A ropy OF HTANiN" commenced the' same game in Con- The official organ of the Committee of Union stantinople. The A.merican College and Progress. for Girls had bought and paid for a site on the European side of the sympathetic, especially with those Bosphorus at Arnaoutkeuy; but when foreigners who have no political or they applied to the government for personal motive of gain; and the rank the transfer of deeds, this was refused, and file as well as the leaders are on the ground that the Sultan wished aware that no such motives have acthe land. For over a year the matter tuated the missionary. Among those was blocked; but early in August the who will be entrusted with public ofnew government put the thing fice under the new constitution will through, and the property is now for- certainly be found not a few who have mally recognized as belonging to the been trained in American institutions girls' college, and they are free to of higher education; and this fact move there when they choose. must serve to advertise still further the moral training there received. It is a day of joy for our medical institutions also; for the order has It is too early as yet to say what gone forth that electrical appliances and various chemicals hitherto prohibited are to be allowed freely to pass the customs. The physicians have been greatly hampered by their being forbidden to use certain drugs supposed to be explosive in nature, but which were most useful in medical practise. So also the acetylene light was excluded, and electric lights were allowed only under very restricted conditions. We may now, however, look for a speedy introduction of electric lights and telephones in all the principal cities of the em pi reo One of the best symptoms of this new movement is the total absence of any anti-foreign sentiment. The

bearing this well-nigh bloodless revo- yorker of long experience, writes of lution will have on the accessibility of the Moslem races to the direct preach- the changed situation: ing of the Gospel. But the public declaration by a Moslem orator in :Ugllst "Come on now to Syria. Bring all in Constantinople, that one religion the books you please on Islam, Turis as good as another, seems to pre- key, Abel-ul-Hamid, and not one will dict a very liberal interpretation of be examined or confiscated, and. travel the el[llality of all religions before where you please' without a tezkere the law, as granted by the constitu- (passport). Write and print what you tion. PersecutiolJ there certainly will please, go where you please, speak still be when a lIoslem declares his in public in the streets, hold meetings, conversion to Christ, just as there is criticize the zvalys) the kadis, the in India or China; but it will be per- lwi111akams; and the people will apsecution by his former. friends and plaud, anel no policeman interfere. his relatives, and 110t by the govern- The old spies have been driven off, ment. ~~nd who can tell how much hooted) imprisoned, and punished. seed-sowing may be done in the ra~1ks Thousands of exiles are hastening of the now thoroughly awakened im- back to their homes, and are given perial army by the Christian element royal receptions by enthusiastic that is now for the first time to be crowds. Christians are to have the introduced to military service! right to enter the army. This is now 'a government-of the people, by the The end is not yet. The child people, and for the people.' has but just taken its first steps. There will be falls and tears and wail- "The Beirut Arabic newspapers are ing. But every parent knows that the now worth reading. The editors are first feeble steps show that the child exposing swindlers and bribe-taking, has learned to walk, and will go on and demanding: 'Turn the rascals in spite of falls and tears, till it learns out!' Kot less than twenty public to walk steadily and sturdily, without open-air meetings have been held. any help from others. Meanwhile :'loslems and Christians call each let all followers of Christ in our land other brethren, invite each other to unite to help the varied peoples of feasts, and a Moslem mullah actually this ncw nation to find their moral and kissed a Greek priest in the street in spiritual equilibrium. By our prayers, Beirut! by our gifts, by our sympathy and our personal endeavor, let us seize this "There is hope for the future. ~ot fast-fleeting opportunity and give to in vain have Christian schools been the united Ottoman empire the train- in operation for forty-and-five years. ing it needs-through medical work, Light has burst through the barred through the press, through education and bolted gates, and now these gates and through evangelistic work-as to are flung wide open. Before Septemthe real deep meaning of Christian ber 20, 1870, Rome was like Turkey hrotherhood. in the beginning of I908. Espionage and persecution everywhere. Every Dr. Henry H. Jessup, of Beirut, a English or other Protestant traveler entering Rome had his Bible and other books taken from him; spies followed him, and even listened at the keyhole of his door. This was true all over Turkey up to July 24, I908, when des- potism was throttled and a whole peo- ple of twenty-five millions set free. Let Gael's people everywhere pray that wisdom may be granted to the ministry, to the people, and to the Sultan."

WE NEED A NEW MISSIONARY MOTIVE?

EIHTOIU.L Dr. R. vVardlaw Thompson, long than is yet fully recognized, and the known as the able secretary of the standpoint of very many to be imper- London l'lissionary Society, recently ceptibly shifted to a great distance surprized not a few friends, in his from that previously occupied-as opening address as chairman of the any hearer would judge as he fol- Congregational L'nion in the City lowed the speaker's statement of "the Temple, London. In a lengthy ·and terms of the missionary problem in elaborate speech, with every sign of the light of modern thought.·' After deliberate and careful preparation, he a few words as to some modified abandoned the conservative creedal features of the doctrine of the Incar- platform with which he has been nation and the Atonement, as now identified for what was regarded helcl by advanced thinkers, Dr. as the extreme position of the "New Thompson boldly struck at the central Theology." question of his whole address; and that no injustice may be done to him, He began b~· calling attention to vve quote a considerable part of what the "great change in the attitude of is reported as his utterance. He asks: the Christian Church toward missions," first in the widening of the Wherein, then, cia we differ fr0111 area of. mission enterprise, and then our fathers in our view of the missionin the broadening of the theological ary problem, and in the message we and doctrinal basis adopted by the have for the world? leaders in the new movements of our clay. Referring briefly to the con- In reply he says: victions and motives of the missionary pioneers of a century ago, (r) We have, I imagine, abanhe frankly confest the change of attitude which has come with a change donecl altogether of times, so that most of his auditors "do not occupy the same standpoint as That Xarrow Calvillism Which Still their fathers, either doctrinally or in regarcl to the condition and hope Domillates the Theology of the non-Christian world." Such change he attributed to such causes of the men who commenced our misas foreign travel, with more accurate knowledge of other peoples, their re- sionary societies. It is interesting and ligious systems and sacred writings; to the remarkable advance in human instructive to observe how the new enlightenment, especially as to evolution; and to the application of the wine of the great evangelical revival critical method to the structure of the Bible and the doctrines of the was fermenting in the old bottles of Christian faith, at the same time declaring the results more wide-spread reformed theology in the utterances of the leaders. In the first of the series at sermons, preached at the formation 0 the London lIissionary Society, Rev Dr Haweis said: • vVe acknowledge our belief that only a few can be saved; we suppose our Lord a faithful and true wit!1p~o ill His decla- ratIOn that "Strait is th. gate and nar- row the road that leadeth to life, and few there be that find it, while the gate to destruction is wide, and the many go in thereat; that the wicked wherever found will be turned into hell, and all the na- tions (however many or mighty) who

know not ur forget Gud and obey not and of every generation, shall come His Gospel." Indeed, it is the into personal touch with !lim who has importance, the necessity of believinp- the come to save. This view of God's truth in order to obtain salvation that this great purpose in Christ inevitably in- day collects us in the house of God to unite volves a reconsideration of our efforts in devising the means of send- The View Held b1' Our Fathers COIl- ing the everlasting Gospel to the poor cerlling the' Future State.

heathen, to call them "from darkness Few of us can speak with the con- unto light, and from the power of Satan fidence which they showed in regard unto God, that they with us may receive to the future condition of the non- an inheritance among those who are Christian world. It is true that we sanctified by faith which is in Christ have no fresh or clearer light on the Jesus. future than our fathers had, and that It is with the sentiments of this divine there are passages in the Scriptures which speak of the rebellious and uncharity we are influenced. We think we godly as destined to know a condition, punitive or disciplinary, under which should merit all their charges of severity they will learn under new conditions the bitterness of sin against God. and uncharitableness if we sat down with But whatever mav be involved in these solemn staternents, we are not folded arms with all these denunciations prepared to sweep to a hopeless doom all the countless hosts of men and in our view and regarded with cold in- women who generation after genera- tion have peopled this earth, and have difference the travail of the Redeemer's passed hence without a chance of hear- ing of the Savior of sinners; nor can soul. Yes, my dear friends, it is because we think of the vast multitude who now share the world with us in the we believe' the wrath revealed from lands of heathenism or nearer home heaven against all ungodliness and un- righteousness of men, and have felt something of the compassion of the Friend Df sinners . we are t!1l1S earnest to pluck some of the brands from the burning, to plead with them, Why will ye die?

We have surely gone away alto- as involved in this terrible condition.

gether from To believe this is to provide a strange This Strange and Self-colltradictor}' commentary indeed on all the re- Position. markable statements and predictions We rejoice in the glad tidings that with reference to God's purposes of God is the Savior of all men, that who- grace for the nations which are con- soever will may take the water of life tained in Scripture, and to reduce to freely. But if this is really God's pro- a strange mockery that great Evangel vision and God's purpose, we believe which we profess to have received, that somehow He intends it to be car- and the knowledge of which is the ried out. inspiration of all the deepest and There may be, there would appear purest passions of our life, the mes- to be, in the order of the divine provi- sage that God became incarnate that dence an election or, as some of us He might save the world. To believe would prefer to call it, a selection, this is to admit the final triumph of but it is surely an election to the evil over good. If the power of God respo1lsibility 'which comes with spe- has been manifested unto salvation, if cigl privilege. It does not and can all the wealth of divine love has been not in any way affect the provision poured out on the sinful and the en- of salvation for the world. "He slaved and the degraded, if the Spirit willeth all men to be saved." If that of God is pleading with men with di- is true, and surely it is true, then He vine insistence, if God's intention is means to make it true in fact as well to save, and yet after all nine-tenths as in purpose. Somehow, at some of the human race pass into eternity time, man everywhere, of every race either

VE NEED A !EW ;1TSSIOXARY lIOTIVE' 75

To Destruction or to lilldlcss Separa- 'say that man's present state is a stage tion from (;od, of imperfect development on the way to something higher, a necessary stage then the powers of evil have gathered if there is to be a higher-that there the harvest of human life indeed. were certain great moral principles There will sl1rely come a time when the supremacy of which was absolutely the Redeemer shalf see the travail of necessarv to "the manifestation of tha:-t 11is soul and be satisfied. If it is true ma~hood which was God's ideal, asked when or how this is to come to and which had to be worked out in pass, there comes but the poet's experience before man could take his answer: permanent and gloriol1s place in the realm of universal life; that God Behold we know not anything. created man and endowed him as He I can hut trust that good shall fall did with the intention that these great At last, far off-at last, to all, principles should be worked out in human life, in order that man might And e,'ery winter change to spring. learn in the stress of temptation, the agony of conflict, and the bitterness And this hope becomes confident of defeat what he needed to become when we look more closely into the before he could be truly a son of God? condition of the world and study more carefully the revelation of the nature Limit of space forbids further quoof the divine purpose of grace as it tations; but enough has been quoted comes to us in the Scriptures. to show the obvious trend of Dr.

(2) Our ideas about Thompson's address, and we have read no utterance from any missionary sec- The COlldition of the IIOJl-Christian retary that seems so "advanced."

World From the positions thus openly have changed considerably as the re- taken by an old-time friend we feel sult of closer contact and fuller knowl- compelled to dissent as openly, While edge. painfully aware of the drift of this theological "modernism," and "having The speaker then proceeds to tasted the old wine," we do not "de- sire the new, for the old is better." affirm that, while fuller acquaint- On all such subjects, human opinions ance with facts has not minimized are to be ~eighed, not in the scales of reason or of preference, but of the existence anel power of moral God's word. The decisive question evil, "the center of gravity has is not are they absurd, or are they plausible, but are they Scriptural. shifted," and there is a "new estimate Seven thinkers of the last century- of all the non-Christian faiths," which not one of them a Christian believer -to a marvelous extent molded the we no longer look on as counterfeits of op1l1Ons even of disciples and the true, but rather as failing by preachers-Darwin, Huxley, Tyndall, defect." 1 Spencer, Mill, Emerson and Renan- and this fact alone suggests a solemn Further on Dr. Thompson says: caution. What, then, are we to conclude Evolution-which many former aclfrom this? Is it that the creation of 111an was a failure, that the expectations and intentions of the Creator have been disappointed and frustrated by Satanic agencies, and that the Incarnation and Atonement were an expedient devised to save from the wreck those individuals who could be rescned, leaving the rest to suffer the penalty of having' broken God's order and brought discord and dishonor into His world? Or are we to

vocates now antagonize–was at first knowledge of the future state. Evo- only a scientific working hypothesis: lutional philosophy is the natural and Dr. Thompson obviously takes mother of Eternal Hope. his stand with those Y]1O originate man in protoplasm and trace his ad- The question of "The Foreign vance, by development, struggle for 1Iissionary Jmperative" has been existence, and survival of the fittest, more than once raised of late- toward ultimate perfection, the law whether there be not need of a re- of necessity determining modification statement of the aims and motives of and elimination supplemented by missionary enterprise, in order efanother law of responsibility. fectively to grip the hearts of disciples in this new century. At the 'vVhile evolution has never yet been late centenary of the haystack meetproven, even in the scientific sphere, ing, at 'vVilliamstown, Mass., Presiit has been hastily accepted as gov- dent Hyde, of Bowdoin College, erning in the religious sphere. Dr. undisguisedly treated the missionary Thompson plainly affirms that "man motives of the pioneers of a century is a being, the course of vhose de- ago as largely based upon misconcepvelopment is being guided by God to tion and mistake, and now outgrown some as yet unrealized encl"; and that and antiquated. While honoring the these heathen systems already "en- self-sacrifice of these martyr spirits shrine great spiritual truths and ex- and their heroic consecration, it was press great spiritual aspirations." like paying a tribute to the dead, in more senses than one-rearing a We can not shut our eyes to the monument over what belongs to the inevitable logic of such premises, sepulcher and may be left to decay. The "Darwinian hypothesis" teaches Dr. Thompson's address is an echo, an evolving of everything toward per- in the City Temple, London, of the fection by the two£ol(1 process of voice heard two years ago in lfassasloughing off excrescences and adding ehusetts; and we can not avoid or on advantages. 1£ this be thc law evade the issue: Are we to treat the in the moral and spiritual realm, we essential convictions and governing can not wonder if so l1lam' see little motives of the original leaders of the reason for disturbing heathen and modern missionary century as based Moslem peoples by our Evangel. on misconceptions, narrow views, and I f they alread~: enshrine great superstitious notions, and forsake germinal truths and potentialities, if their platform for a new one in which let alone, what is defective will in the planks arc laid by evolution ancl due time be supplied by development, higher criticism? Or is the main and what is degenerate and debasing mIssIonary motive essentially and will be corrected and eliminated-if eternally the same? not in this life, in the eternity beyond. This view naturally suggests a post- f'or ourselves, after watching step mortem probation-a progress, tmin- by step the advance of modern terrupted by a change of worlds, and thought, we feel constrained to adrather promoted and accelerated by here to a conservative attitude. Many the better conditions and clearer things have changeel; but there are

8 ] DO WE KEED A :;EW MTSSTO:-.JARY MOTIVE?

vital truths, as unchanging as God. question is not what does my reason This plausible argument about "pro- approve as most rational and acceptgressive theology" and "enlightened able, but, primarily, what saith the opinion" overlooks largely the im- Scripture. "How readest thou t' To mutable elements in all service to criticize God's pronouncements as God. While looking back to the deep fallible and treat His doctrines as unconvictions and insplr1l1g impulses tenable is to assume for ourselves a that characterized such men as Carey superior knowledge, wisdom and love. and Judson, Moffat and Livingstone. Furthermore, we venture to affirm, tho Duff and Scudder, Yilliams and we are in a minority, that in propor- Patteson, Martyn and Heber, it is tion as the convictions and motives well to ask how far their views and that, from the days of the apostles, motives reflected those of Paul and inspired missionary endeavor and enothers who were directly taught of the durance, service and sacrifice are Master Himself-nay, we must go abandoned as antiquated and displaced back still farther to Him who was the by these modern innovations, the Leader and pattern of all mission- work of missions will deteriorate 'and aries. The faith in the inspired INorcl, degenerate in quality, even if it does in one sole method of salvation, the not decrease in quantity. No arguconviction of the peril of lost souls ment for the reality of the guilt of and the absolute necessity of the Gos- sin and the ruin of sinners is half pel for their rescue, reach back for so potent as the fact that the Son of their roots to something deeper than God died on the cross to provide a the superficial and shifting sands of salvation. So long as that cross human opinions, and lay hold of the stands in history it is the unanswervery rock of ages. Vve are not deal- able proof, not only that ITlan needs ing with hyper-Calvinism, or mis- a divine Redeemer, but that no evoluguided fanaticism, or traditional me- tion, but only a radical revolution, can dievalism, but with the authoritative raise him to his final perfection. teaching of the Lord Jesus Christ. Heathenism, left to itself, instead of Ve can see no medium ground; we developing upward, will decline downl11ust either stand upon the essentials ward. The Gospel message is the of the old theology of missions or im- only lever that can move the world, pugn, as teaching error or at least de- and the cross is the only fulcrum. fective truth, the Vritten Yord and and the spirit of God the only adethe Living Vord. For example, as quate force to move the lever. We to the final and irremediable condi- still believe in the missionary princitim.l of those who die in sin, no words ples of the apostle to the Gentiles as ever spoken are more awful than the basis of all heroic work and witthose of that very Savior who, as the ness in behalf of a dying world; and Lamb of God, came to bear away the at risk of heing classed as unprogresssin of the world. To accept the hy- ive, cling to the simple and plain pothesis of the religious evolutionist teachings of the Master, leaving the is so far to abandon the standard of dark mysteries of God to be herea divine teacher. In matters of Chris- after illumined and interpreted in the tian faith and conduct, the decisive light of the day that knows no night.

NESTORIANISM OF

BY REV. J. HEINRICHS, D.D.

Tn proportion as the recent news Church of England sent out to assist from northwestern Persia regarding them in the education ane! improve- the disturbed condition of that part ment of their people. This led to a of the country has reached the writer. further' enterprise with a more definite he has congratulated himself that his religious aim and to the eventual es- visit to the modern habitat of the tablishment of an English mission :-.Jestorians occurred in 1907 instead among them under the auspices of the of T908. Archbishop of Canterbury and the Bishop of London. Discovery of Nestorianism Its Present Condition entil the year 1834. the :.Jestorian Christians inhabiting the mountains Its present condition is admirably of Kurdistan and the plain of reflected in a petition, sent in 1868. Crumia. in the Persian province of chiefly from that portion of the N es- Azerbij an, were almost unknown to torian people _which is located in the Lts. In the same year the Turkish Government established its sover- u plain of rumia, to the Archbishop -eignty over all those tribes-both Kurdish and ~estorian. In the fol- of Canterbury, appealing for further lowing year, 1835. the Euphrates help and enumerating the principal 'alley Expedition gave Englishmen causes of their religious decline and access to them, and the publications present low spiritual state. These of the members of that expe- causes are believed to be the followdition excited in England and ing: ( I) "The wild boar, in the ;merica an interest in the remnant form of the first Mohammed, lopped of the ancient Christianity of the off some of its branches. ancI thereby farther East, which had so long arrested its growth; then it fell into Iingereel. isolated and disregarded, in th~ clutches of another wild boar, and the mielst of its mountain fastnesses. the two conjointly-namely, the The result was that in 1835 the first Eastern lTohammed, who assailed it permanent mission was established in front, and the Western .lohall1ll1ed. that is. the Pope, who assailed. it among them by Rev. Just}n Perkins from behind-left it prostrate. The former devoured its outward suband Dr. Asahe1 Grant, under the aus- stance. and the latter its internal pices of the American Boarel, for the economy. and both gloated over its special purpose of winning the N es- misery_ Then our community fell torians to evangelical Christianity. from one depth into a lower deep, its The Christian Knowledge Society of numbers decreasing at every fall, until London, in 1838, sent a special mis- but a small portion of it survives. sion to Kurdistan, consisting of Moreover, the rulers who govern us :'IIessrs. Ainsworth ~md Rassom, who are corrupt, plunder is committed reported that the Nestorian Patriarch with impunity, robbers steal, out- rage is perpetrated, felony is rife in :'I rar Shimoon and others of the N es- the highways, but no one remon- strates. As to the lfoha1l1mecl of the tmian bishops and clergy were anxious to have a clergyman of the Vcst, through the agcncy of his divided into approximately 5h,000 crafty emissal-ies, hc deceives the ig- lllountaineers, 25,000 L.: rumians and norant of our community, promising 3/l,ooo Chaldeans. The mountaineers them protection if they will but join inhabit £he mountains of Kurdistan their church. Some, alas! are de- and are under Turkish rule, while the ceived." (2) The second cause of people dlO live in the plain of their present abject condition is stated L.~rumia are under the Persian Shah.

to be the spiritual ignorance prevail- These two sections of the people differ ing among their people. The clergy in appearance, costume and character, and lai ty are regarded as on a par in but they agree in all religious ques- respect to spiritual matters, and all tions, in obedience to ~Iar Shimoon, as apparently walking in the road to their spiritual head at Kochannes, in perdition, (3) The third cause is the the Kurdistan mountains, and 111 deplorable decay of learning among strong attachment to the religion them. The petition reads: "Our for which they have suffered so many ancient books have been destroyed anc! ages of persecution. Kochannes is we have no scribes or printing-presses the center of one section and the to replace them, no schools wherein to city of Crumia of the other. The educate our youth. Our old semi- Chaldeans have CIosul as their head- naries have either been taken from us, quarters, and have not only their own or have become the resort of the vain patriarch, but have also submitted to and the wicked. The learned have the yoke of Rome. This schism in perished from among us, amI no stu- the N estorian Church occurred in the dents are arising to fill their places." sixteenth century in the following (4) The fourth cause is their isolated manner: For about a hundred years and forlorn condition. "The people previous to this unhappy schism, of Israel," the petition continues, which has ever since divided the peo- "after a captivity of iieventy years, ple into two hostile parties, it had were returned to their native land, but been the law and custom that the our captivity has lasted seven hundred patriarch should nominate his succes- years, and yet no one has remembered sor during his lifetime from among us ; and now we would lift up our eyes his nearest relatives, a nephew being unto the hills, hoping that help may usually selected. But in 1552, on the come. If we look to the hills of death of the patriarch of the clay, some Russia we discover that they are of the bishops, assembled at Mosul, covered with images and idols, and set aside the claims of the Patriarch- if to those of Rome we see (the designate, and elected another, Sl1- Vestern) Mohammed holding sway taka, to the vacant seat. The moun- there." tain 1"estorians and the N estorians Numerical Strength and Sects of U rumia, making together two- .The present number of N estorians thirds of the people, adhered to the is about 117,000, exclusive of the regular successor, the people at Mosul members of the Syrian Church in giving their allegiance to his rival.

India, who are generally believed to The Mosul patriarchs proceeded at be of Nestorian origin, The 1 17,000 once to abandon its ancient inde- of Asiatic Turkey and Persia are pendence and put themselves under

the obedience of the Roman See. Supper, but do 110t aclopt the Homan The llosul branch have taken to them- definition of the 1110de of the Pres- selves the name of the Chaldean ence. They administer it in both Church. The Kochannes branch are kinds, and with leavened bread. commonly known by the name of ~es- Baptism is administel'ed to infants by torians. The Chaldean bishops, it will triune immersion, and the doctrine of be remembered, formed a notable baptismal regeneration is believed, group in the procession of bishops tho not definitely exprest as a dogma. who walked through St. Peter's on the occasion of the promulgation of They have not exalted the Virgin the dogma of the Immaculate Con- 1Iary beyond the status of other emiception. It should be noted, however, nent saints of the Church and hesithat the Chaldean Church has always tate to call her "the mother of God," submitted uneasily to the rule of without explanation of the sense in Rome and has obstinately refused to which they allow the title. abandon its customs. The present Patriarch refused to receive the In their more modern service books dogma of the infallibility of the Pope, are invocations of saints, which arc and has persisted in his refusal. absent from their more ancient books. Hence, a good deal of confusion The ideas of the intercession of the reigns among the Chaldeans. The saints .and the consequent worship of ~estorians still adhere to their an- the saints enter very little into the cient doctrines and customs. popular religion.

The Nestorian Hierarchy They believe in an intermediate state of the departed, in which the The K estorian hierarchy consists faithful are capable of being benefited of Mar Shimoon, Catholicus and by the prayers of the Church, and they Patriarch of the Eastern regions, consequently pray for the dead, but Mar-Lord. All the Nestorian prelates they do not believe in purgatory and have dynastic names, as the Pharaohs its corollaries. and the Cesars. Every patriarch is Mar Shimoon, the present being They make use of confession for about the eighteenth of that name. edification, but they do not insist upon Catholicus is the original title of this it as necessary, and practically it is line of prelates, and is a memorial seldom used. of the short time during which they were dependent on the See of An- In regard to the question on which tioch. The Patriarch is head of the N estorius was condemned by the bishopric and the Church, and wields council at Ephesus, they hold: "In the authority of a chieftain among the unity of Christ are two natures, the N estorians wi th the sanction of and two 'Kummi' in one 'parsopa.' .. the Turkish authorities, as the sheiks They explain that "Kul11ma" has not do among the Kurds. the same meaning as our word per- son, but means rather essence; while Nestorian Doctrines they say that the word parsopa does express nearly that which we mean by They hold a special presence of person. The gist of the matter is Christ in the ordinance of the Lord's that the modern N estorians believe that there are two whole and perfect natures-the divine and human na- MODERi' NESTORIANISM OF PERSIA 757 tures-united, not by confession of Thomas Christians, as they have been substance, but by unity of parsopa, in called, are a still existing, living one Christ. One of their service books monument of the fonner missionary has the two phrases: "The divine na- endeavors of the Nestorians in India ture clothed itself with the human and Ceylon. But now, instead of nature," and "There is one son only, being a missionary church, the Nesnot a (divine) son, and a (human) torian community has itself become a son, making two." sphere of missionary operations and seems to be spiritually as destitute as Education the fierce Kurds and fanatical Mo- hammedans by whom it is surrounded. Tbe system of education among the 1-.1any endeavors for the evangeliza- 1 estllrians is the same which exists tion and reformation of the Nesamong the other Christian bodies in torians have been made; in fact, L'nullia, their habitat, seems to be a the East, the Armenian and Jacobites, veritable Eldorado of a.1l sorts of mis- sionary enterprises. or Chaldeans, and is the same in principle as that of the Mohammedans. The American Presbyterian mission It consists chiefly in learning the was the first to occupy the field, sacred books by rote in an obsolete commencing operations, as indicated language. The Kestorian pupils are above, as far back as r835, when it set to learn the Psalter and the Gos- was still affiliated with the American pels in old Syriac, and if they stay at Board. Fr0111 the first the Presschool long enough they learn to byterians seem to have regarded the translate these books into the modern Syrian Christian community, or Neslanguage. But the children only go torians, their special field of operato school for the winter months and tion. Of the 25.000 Nestorians in cease to go at all after eleven or L rU111ia city and plain, some 1.000' to twelve, so that the majority llf them 1,100 families are now connected on leaving school can neither read nor with the Presbyterian mission. This write. LTsl1ally only the priests or represents a membership of about pastors can read. 3,000. The churches. however, are not called Presbyterian, but Evan- Missions to the Nestoria.ns gelical Syrian Church, as the purpose from the outset Vas not to organize One of the prillcipal causes of the Presbyterian churches, but to purify decline of historical Nestorianism is the old Nestorian Church. Only to be foulld in the fact that it ceased when this was found to be impossible to be a missiollary church. Its pros- from within, independent evangelical perity culminated in the beginning bodies under the above name were of the ninth century, when it was formed. Of the thirty-three organized most active in spreading the Gospel churches under Presbyterian ausamong the Tartar tribes along the pices three are self-supporting. Caspian and penetrating as far as Their missionary and educational China, where a bilingual inscription, equipment is on a most liberal scale. Chinese and Syriac, testifies to their Besides the large educational and successful labors in that country as far back as 635. The Syrian Christian community of India, or St. medical institutions in the city of aim seems to be political rather than Crumia, there are 62 village schools, 111lsslonary. located in 49 different places among the Syrian community, with 62 In addition to these older, regutcachers and r ,725 pupils. larly established missions, there are a number of more or less independent The Anglican mission has carried agencies at work among the N eson organized work there since r881. torians. Among these may be menbut with indifferent success. The tioned: (r) American Baptists, who, object of this mission is "to bring through private committees are supback an ancient church into the way porting the work of Rev. 1. N. Yohanof truth, and to prepare it for its nan . .;I.D., in the city of Crumia, anel union with its mother church, the or- of Rev. Y. Shohbaz, in the towns of thodox church of the East." It is Geogtapa, Goolpashan and Sahatlove, more than doubtful whether this can where churches have already been cvcr be accomplished. established. (2) Lutherans, working as old i'estorians anel as the German The Roman Catholic or French Orient lIission, under Dr. Lepzius, mission-Lazarists, assisted by sisters of Berlin. The latter works mainly of St. Vincent de Paul, has been at for the Nestorians, but makes no atwork for forty years in U rumia tempt to interfere with older missions. and on the plain of Salmas, where it It is about to close its orphanages at has a station, at Kasrova. As has L'rnmia and Khoi and to concentrate been already intimated, the Roman its activities upon the Mohammedan Catholic' 1estorians are generally population. (3) English Congregacalled Chaldeans. tionalists have only a small work. as also (4) the Dunkards, (5) the The Russian Greek Church has Plymouth Brethren and (6) the Holisome elegant property in the town of ness Methodists of Kentucky. Urumia and elsewhere, but its power as an cvangelizing agency is nil. Its THE CHRISTIAN COLLEGE IN THE PROBLEM OF THE EVANGELIZATION OF INDIA BY REV. L. B. WOLF, D.D. General Secretary, Board of Foreign l1issions, Lutheran Church (General Synod) There have been among mission- sion. The arguments raised against aries in the past differences of opin- it by those who doubted its utility were ion in regard to the educational work that it lacked apostolic sanction; that of the India missioriary. This has it educated men and placed weapons frequently become a matter of confer- in their hands which they used against ence. Away back in the history of Christianity; that it failed to win conmissions in the Allahabad Conference. verts from the classes among which and in all subsequent conferences, the it was carried on, and that it was ocvalue of education as an evangelizing cupied too much in the secularities agency, and as a proper method of of a work with which missions were missionary work, was under discus- not primarily concerned. In short,

iC)08] THE CHRISTIAN COLLEGE IN I:-{DlA

those who exprest their doubts COI1- Madras, in r902. As the last word cerning the educational method in on this question, which has been dis- missions were usually those who, with cust so long and so often, it would utter honesty, insisted that the preach- seem that it ought to put to rest all ing of the Vord, and this alone, must doubts as to the part which the Chris- be the method employed for the trans- tian coIIege must bear in the great formation of the India nation. How- work of India's evangelization. It ever, from the first there has been a runs as follows: growing sense that missionary educa- tion and evangelization can not be "The Conference, recognizing the divorcee!. Perhaps the strongest ar- unique opportunity which missions gn11lent that has been used against possess of evangelizing those classes missionary education is that so few which are largely inacce~sible to other converts have been made. But, as methods of missionary agency, would has recently bccn pointed out by one hope that this declaration of their "ho has studied the question very opinion may lead to the establishment carefully, :fr. Farquhar, the secre- of mission colleges in all large centers tary of the Y. 11. C. A., Calcutta, it of populatIOn, the principle of coop- can not be shown that it, as a means eration b~ing observed, wherever posof w;nning converts, has ever oeen a sible." failure. "Those who are in touch with the work all over India know that It should be remembered that this more eclucated converts are being conference was composed of veteran won than ever before, tho, being won missionaries, the' youngest member of at many points ancl by many agencies, the body having to show a service of they make less impression than the not less than ten years. groups of students who came out between 1830 and 1870." The results The exact position, however, which produced by missionary effort of the the Christian college occnpies, it may educational missionanes present one be well to note, is not chief or first. of the most brilliant chapters in the No one interested in college work and historv of our missions. and when truly committed to the problem of the fnture history of missions shall evangelization would give the Chrisbe writtcn, then the times through tian college the first place. I t is a which we are passing will present, we means to an end, and is only one of are quite sure, the 1tIlchalleJlged great- the means used by the Christian mis- 1less of the work done in the Christian sionary to accomplish this end. He colleges of India. As one who has for believes it is a means by which the twenty-five years, in a humble way. Truth as revealed in Jesus Christ can been connected with college work, I be brought to bear most effectively, wish to bear my testimony to the work because most continuously, upon the of the educational missionary in the educated mind of the great India emevangelization of India. No stronger pire. The educational mIssIonary resolution can be found in missionary recognizes that the Gospel is the literature than the one passed at the power of God in India's evangeliza- Decennial Conference in the city of tion, and he maintains his Christian college, becanse he believes that through it this power may be brought to bear: upon YDung India during its

most impressionable years. Much of he would rightly estimate the vantage- the misapprehension which has arisen ground occupied by the Christian col- in regard to this branch of mission- lege. There has been in the past fifty ary work in the past has been due to years a mighty change wrought in men and women failing to give the the thought anel life of the Hindu educational work a fair hearing. and Mohammedan peoples of India. When, however, such a hearing has Western ideas and Western concep- .been accorded to him, as in the case tions are flooding the land, producing of the great conferences of mission- the unrest which has filled statesmen aries, the conclusions arrived at have with so much uneasiness during the always been such as to give an past year. There must be new honored place to this branch of mis- methods used for curbing and directsionary endeavor. ing this newly awakened life. No nation has been able to get along with- It may be well to notice the reason out strong religious control. If this why there does not seem to be so control be not inculcated in the school large a number of converts as a re- and the college, it is difficult to consult of this branch of service. There ceive into what excesses New India are other societies to which young may run. The English' statesman men naturally turn, and which often apprehends this. He would introduce prevent them joining the Christian moral text-books in the universities Church. The Brahman Somaj, Arya as proper correctives, but he well Somaj movements, the Pradhana knows that these can not take' the Subba, and other organizations in place of the strong arm of a virile which Kew India is evincing the new religion. such as Christianity presents life of the Vest, are recruiting and Christ taught. And so, altho largely from the young men who, bound by his no-interfering policy in were these societies not in existence. matters religious. he tacitly looks to would find rest in the Christian the Christian college and to the Chris- Church. This is only natural in such tian missionaries to help in the great transition periods as those through task of directing New India into which India is passing. The more proper channels of life. He recogreformed societies existing, the more nizes clearly, that when half the youn[' energetic and strenuous their life, the men are under the influence of thc more likely are they to claim more Christian missionary in any of the of the young and energetic life provinces of India. that they, at least, which the Gospel and Christian mis- are being taught such self-restraint sions have shaped. And yet, as in- and such moral ideals, as weIl as such timated before, the missionary reports Christian conception, as, if foIlowed. of the various societies bear us out must result only in good to the C0111in the statement that there are more munity and to the nation. educated converts won to-day than ever before in the history of Christian The missionary has passed into a ncw stage in the development of his 1111SS10ns. work. The question of questions dur- ing the next one hundred years of One must understand the sociolog- missions wiIl not be primarily the ical condition of India, as well as its industrial, economic and spiritual, if

THE CHRISTIAN COLLEGE IN

gaining of converts, but it will be the our Christian college, not to speak of shaping, guiding, directing of the ma- the doubtful character of its influence terials already found in the Chris- upon the Christian community. The tian Church. If the educated men of young men who during tl'e years of the Christian Church are alive to their education come into contact with their position as they ought to be, the Hindu and Mohammedan lads in they wiII begin to see, as never before, the same school have the best possi- what a vantage-ground they occupy ble opportunity of learning how to in the halls of our colleges and uni- meet and to gain influence over their versities. Her Christian educated un-Christianized fellow student,. mind is given an arena for the display of its power and grace over Hindu It is true that "no counsel ~f per- educated mind as nowhere else. The fection" has yet been discovered in higher, then, the native Christian human affairs. The same is true in Church rises in the scale of education, Christian work. And yet India, con- the more influential would it become stituted and organized under its com- in the work of evangelization, both plicated caste system, presents a within and without the coIlege walls. unique problem for evangelization. It is because of this that I would em- There is no lever so mighty at phasize the part which the Christian present in India to elevate the deprest college has to perform in the task of classes as the Christian coIlege. The evangelization. It seems to fit, as son of a shoemaker or of a horse- nothing else does, into all those plans keeper, or of a dhobie, may, from ten which missionaries are laying to reach to fifteen years, sit alongside of anel all grades of society. It is the combe educated in the same college as mon meeting-ground of all. High and the noblest of the land. And when low, rich and poor, are brought tothese young men of the lower classes gether in the classroom, and nothing have "really put on Christ" and lived avails them but intellect, brains, the Christ life in the college, it is im- mental endowment and zeal and possible to fuIly estimate the extent energy in the work of the school. of their influence. The saddest day The college and the university ask no I can conceive woulcI be that day in questions as to the caste' of a lad. which Christian students would be They do ask in all their work and exdivorced in their educational career aminations how he has acquitted from the Hindu students. himself !

I am aware that on this point there A word in conclusion. Cndcr the is a great difference of opinion be- new system of education inaugurated tween Christian missIOnaries. No by the late Educational Commission less an authority than the Bishop of in India, it is evident that our educa- Madras, for twenty-five years an edu- tional work must be of a better cational missionary in the Church of character than ever before to meet the England, favors the segregation of requirements of government. This our Christian lads, in collcg;csilltcilded means that the missionary bodies and for thcm alollc. In 111y humble conferences must prepare for enlarged opinion, such a course would defeat expenditure in this' department of ~h~ very en.d ~n -Xiew in I:nain,taining r· their ,ork. would, su~gest. that it

seems to be the time for consolidation college and to the negative governand amalgamation of our missionary ment college. Missionaries can not forces. "Fewer colleges and better- afford to disregard either, on the one equipped ones" is the cry. The de- hand, the aggressiveness of the Hindu mand seems rational. Our missions college nor the subtle and deadencan meet the situation if they will. ing influences of the non-religious It ought to be clear to all that in this government college. We must maineducational work there is a possibility tain our Christian college in its highfor united effort as in no other part of est efficiency to meet the demands of our missionary endeavor. We should this period upon which India is encombine our forces and present the tering. We can not be recreant to strongest combinati,on in our educa- the mighty trmt which has been retional endeavors. Churches of the Jlosed in us as Christian workers. same name and polity may well C0111- The Christian college in India is the bine here, following the example of need of the hour. Its influence in the Scotch Presbyterian boards, as the problem of evangelization, its exemplified in the Madras Christian development along all lines of work, College. A few strong colleges in its maintenance of high ideals, its each presidency would meet, it seems strenuous upholding of the banner of to me, the demand of the present. I . the cross, its advantageous position need not add that such colleges would in the development of Young India command the respect of the British· of the next twenty-five years, all com- Government and be one of the chief bine to make it most imperative that elements in the control of our India we consider deeply and carefully the universIties. They would furnish the character of the college that is to be best possible antidote to the Hindu and make it attain Christian ideals.

LARGER LIBERTY AND OPPORTUNITY IN ALBANIA DYREV. PIlINE.S D. KENNEDY, KORTCH., .LB.NIA, TCRKEY Missionary of the American Board As in nature the forces of God city prison, where he was confined as work silently ami unseen, so is He or- a result of a combined effort of the dering His forces in bringing about Greek Bishop and the local governthe coming of His Kingdom in the ment because he was endeavoring to earth, and the principles of Christian have the Albanians educated in their liberty and brotherhood are extend- own language. This movement was ing. The 23d of July will be re- discouraged for political reasons, and membered by people in the Turkish now Tsilka' was to be condemned to cmpire with something of the same imprisonment for fifteen years. Think joy as Independence Day in America. of it! A perfectly innocent man, his On the morning of that day I had one crime being that as an Albanian made my usual visit to my fellow he desired his people to be allowed the use of their own language! Under the .. worker, Rev. G. M. Tsilka, the Al- Turkish Government-or misgovern- banian preacher in his room at the

LIBERTY AND OPPORTUNITY IN

ment-murders have been frequent; These were posted all over the city, injustice has been the thing always announcing that anyone who did not expected from the courts. Prisons sign his loyalty to the "Osmanli Sowere crowded with innocent men and ciety" (or the Young Turkish movewomen; anyone attending onr mission ment for liberty) by the next Saturservices was liable to arrest on suspi- day evening would be considered an cion of being unfriendly to the gov- enemy! ernment. To-day there was a ray of hope in all this darkness in a rumor In the afternoon a great meeting from 2Ionastir that Shemshe Pasha, a was also held at the Court-house, at general in the Turkish army, hac! been which the officers of the gov~rnment killed, that Osman Pasha, another publicly acquiesced with the new officer, was held prisoner and that the movement. Had they hesitated it Young Turkish party was assuming would have cost them their lives. control of the government affairs. :rhere was some hesitancy on the part Regiment after regiment of soldiers of the Greek Bishop, but officers of the had refused to hunt for deserters who army gave him the choice of submithad gone to the mountains. We knew, ting or being transported from the also, that at least a thousand soldiers country. Thousands of men gladly had reached Kortcha and were en- flocked to the tents of the army durcamped outside of the city. The ing the next few days to sign their Young Turkish leader of these sol- loyalty to the standards of liberty. diers, Ramzi Bej. Bimbashi, was a most courteous wide-awake young On the evening of the second day a man. great parade was held through the city and all the buildings were appropri- On the afternoon of that "great ately decorated and illuminated. The day,"' ] uly 23, some young men rushed 'calm self-possession of the people was excitedly into my study and tried to inspmng. Great joy yas manifested anllounce to me some news in Alba- over the release ofthe prisoners, while man. They also handed me a note fro111 the mountains came Albanian, from 11r. Tsilka, from the prison, Bulgarian and Greek revolutionary asking mc to loan them my hekto- bands to sign their names and enjoy graph, adding, "And I am to be freed the liberty which hac! brought an this afternoon." The Albanian school end to the necessity for their resistfrol11 that moment became the print- ance to the government. It was a ing-office and the center of gener~l bloodless revolution, in this part of information. Hundreds crowded in the empire at least. With great enand out of the building, and a little thusiasm, these strong Albanian bands later 11r. Tsilka himself came, inform- marched into the mission-school proping mc that all the prisoners were be- erty, laid down their arms, singing ing released. We had the honor of and cheering as they signed for liberty writing and printing on our hekto- as loyal citizens. The 1110st noted of graph the first public proclamation of these bands was that of "Cherchis liberty, which we printed in the four Bej." The whole city turned out to languages of our community-Turk- welcome him and gave him a banquet ish, Albanian, Wallachian and Greek. at our leading hotel. A great pub- lic meeting was held on the school

property and earnest addresses were We plan to build a large addition to made by the leading citizens, both our girl's school and to commence Christian and Moslem. It was Cher- immediately the nucleus for an Amerchis for whom the Turkish army had ican college for young men. We need been commanded to search and kill, at once an Evangelical church buildeven should it necessitate the destruc- ing, which will be the first of its tion of whole villages! kind in Albania. It is to be prayer- fully hoped that the Orthodox Greek ~With this granting of their lan- Church will decide to give the people guage to the Albanians, "a great door the service in their own language, but and effectual" is opened unto the mis- the local church is so decidedly a sionaries of the Gospel. Our services Greek political institution that this is have been crowded, many 310slems scarcely to be expected. Vnder any also being present. The Albanians, circumstances, a glorious door of opyoung and old, are eager for educa- portunity is opened before the Amertional advantages. A former Moslem ican missionaries among the Albanian captain of a band of brigands asked people, and we ask Christian friends us to tell America to send more mis- in America to cooperate with us in sionaries to teach them. These peo- giving them the Gospel of righteousple will make rapid strides in self- ness which alone "exalteth a nation." effort, but they naturally stretch out :ow is the time to win Albania. their hands to America to guide them.

THE ALI ILAHIS OF PERSIA BY REV. F. ;'vI. STEAD, KERMANSHAH, PERSIA These people call themselves "the names they give to the,r Ali Ilahi people of the Truth" (Ahl Haq) . friends. A frequent appellation is An outsider, who knows their ways, "devil worshipers," but no more is does not ask one of them, "Art thou usually meant by this than that the soan Ali Ilahi?" but says, "Dost thou called devil worshiper will not curse belong to the tribe ?" In the Ker- Satan. Moslems, in one breath, often manshah region many are called speak of Ali Ilahis living near them "Davudis," "Nosairis," or even "Ta.u- as Nosairis, and a moment later call SIS, But there seems to be a hope- them Davudis. Many of those who less confusion in the minds of the are popularly called Nosairis speak of people themselves as to the distinction themselves as Davudis, and use the between these names and the sects name of David in swearing and invofor which they stand. "Davudis" cation. Any Ali Ilahi, if afraid, will. means literally "followers of David." however, declare himself a Moslem. "Tausis" means "people of the peacock sect," and the word "Nosairi" These heretics, as the Moslems conis thought to have some relation to sider them, are fOllnd in many parts Nazarene. Even Moslem neighbors of Persia. In villages where the bulk are startlingly inconsistent 111 the of the population is Shiah, one or two families of Ali I1ahis often live. In

iU ILAHTS OF

many large cities groups of families, and in these places .:Ioslem pilgrims oftcn, but not always, living near one often refuse to buy bread or other anothcr, are secretly Ali Ilahis. In food from "-li llahi hands. Hamadan, most of the families along one street are adherents of this faith. That the Ali Ilahis arc afraid of Uut the bulk of the Ali Ilahis are in the Moslems is certain. Through a Kermanshah and its outlying districts. long course of persecution they have I solated families and groups of learned that there is no such thing families are scattered throughout the as Mohammedan mercy. Hence most city. 'Thole villages in the Kerman- of them assert on every occasion that shah plain and in adjacent plains and they are Sheah Moslems. This habit mountain_ valleys are Ali Ilahi. In of denying their real faith is often . the Luristan country of Posht-i- ludicrous. When the Ali Ilahi is a Kuh, numbers of the faith are to be well-known and influential person liv- found. Kirind and its villages, ing in a notoriously Ali Ilahi section, Gavaureh and its villages, the villages and talking to a foreigner or some of the Beveh Nij plain, and Sahnah one not a Moslem, and he gravely and its villages are almost entirely asserts that he is a Sheah of the Ali Ilahi. Some of the best informed strictest and most straight-laced sort, of the Ali Ilahis maintain that it can only provoke a laugh. But in throughout these districts, and in- many cases the fears of the Ali Ilahis cluding the isolated villages and com- are justifiable. The sect is known and munities in other parts of Persia and held in contempt all over Persia. in Turkey, the sect numbers five When a man from Kirind or other hundred thousand. Ali IIahi section appears in a large city, and the people in the bazaars Many of these people live on terms recognize him by his speech and of intimacy with their orthodox Mos- dress, he is not unlikely to be insulted lem neighbors. They often inter- or even beaten. With the growth of marry, and in all their ordinary social toleration in Persia, due in part to and business intercourse little atten- the spread of the Babi and Bahai tion is paid to differences in religious movements, but more largely to mis- belief. In tribal and viIIage feuds sionary and other foreign influence, ~loslems often take sides with Ali Ali Ilahis move about the country Ilahis against Moslems, and in the with more impunity than in former same way Ali Ilahis sometimes side years. In the past they were more with Moslems against their coreligion- careful to hide their religious per- ists. The family, village and tribal suasion than at present, but it is still bond is stronger among these Kurds bad enough. I have known Ali IIahi than the religious. And yet fanatical villagers from the Sahnah district lloslems, especially Persians or Turks carrying loads of fruit into the near- coming from a distance, consider the est market town of Kangavar to be Ali Ilahis unclean, and refuse to eat grossly insulted while trying to dis- or sleep with them. The vl'llage of pose of their produce. To substan- Sahnah and the town of Kirind, all tiate their assertion on stich occasions Ali Ilahi, are situated on the great that they are Moslems, some Ali Ilahis pilgrim road to Kerbela and Nejef, have even made the pilgrimage to the

Sheah shrines at Kerbela, and have Iigious belief, or maxims, relative to returned to their homes with the title conduct, and occasionally predictions Kerbelai prefixed to their names. Be- of future events, generally couched cause of this same desire to satisfy in terms so indefinite as to admit of possible persecutors, villagers under several interpretations. These writhe government of Sheah Moslems, tings are preserved in mannscript, in join with great gusto in the plays and note-books, and on scraps of paper, processions during the mourning and may sometimes be found in the month of Moharram, when the whole possession of the villagers as well Sheah world bewails its martyrs, Has- as with the seyids. san and Hosein. 110st of the Ali Ilahis have very The actual belief of the Ali Ilahis little idea as to what they believe. is one of the 1110st difficult points to They say they believe in all religions be settled in connection with the and can speak no evil of anyone. To investigation of Oriental religions. a Moslem they say they believe as he The Ali Ilahis are, as a rule, illiterate does. To a Christian they say their and possess no religious books prop- religion is much like Christianity. erly so called. The religious leaders To a Bahai they say they differ little of the Ali Ilahis are called "seyids," from Bahais. One of the 1110st inwhich in the parlance of Islam means fluential of the Ali Ilahis seyids in descendants of the prophet. It is this region said to me once, "It i" not difficult to see how the seyids of the worth your while to preach to us and Ali Ilahis have a right to claim de- try to win us to your religion, for we scent from Mohammed, as the seyids are near to you in belief. Go to those of Islam do, yet this is what they do. who are far from you in religion." They also wear the distinctive green dress in the form of turbans, girdles As a matter of fact, however, tho or other green garments to indicate the religion of the Ali Ilahis has their lineage. Most of these seyids some semblance to Islam, it can hardly have groups of followers who are be called a Moslem sect, and tho the known as their disciples, and who Ali Ilahis have some customs that vary in number according to the im- might be traced to Jewish or Chrisportance of the religious leader. tian origin, yet they are far removed They themselves, in turn, owe al- from these faiths. In common with legiance of one sort or another to Islam, the Ali Ilahis profess to believe more influential men. Some of these in the prophets of the Koran and seyids possess writings which they Moslem tradition. Their belief, howpretend are of great religious value, ever, like that of the Moslems, is and which they guard jealously from purely an intellectual acceptance. AfalI unbelievers. These writings con- fection of any sort resulting in a desist of the sayings of wise men, for- sire to be pleasing to the prophets mer seyids of renown, which a friend is unknown. Mohammed is not beor disciple has collected and put in lieved to be necessarily the last of the permanent form. They are usually prophets. I have heard of some Ali obscure epigrammatic verses of Ilahis, who, having met and been Kurdish poetry, giving tenets of re- greatly imprest by Henry Martyn, accepted him as one of their prophets,

ALI ILAHIS OF

and to this day the descendants of the the injunctions and prohibitions of the: people who became acquainted with Koran. They neither pray, fast, nor the great missionary speak of Martyn go on pilgrimages. They feel no awe Sahib as a prophet. Many of their or reverence for the sacred books, as own religious leaders, both of the past does every pious Moslem. Neither and present, are accepted with as much the Koran nor the Christian Scrip- reverence as the last prophet of Islam. tures are regarded as in any sense a In the home of one of the greatest rule of faith and practise, Many Ali of the Ali Ilahi religious leaders in Ilahis refuse to listen to Christians this part of Persia, I was startled at when they use the, Scriptures as a the devotion and almost worship basis of discussion, because divine shown him by his followers. Men revelations recorded in books are not even kissed the gate-posts before en- essential to religion. The doctrine of tering his compound. The governor ceremonial cleanness and uncleanness, of a district near the home of the which the Sheahs make so much of.

above-mentioned seyid said to me, is unknown among the Ali Ilahis. It "11ay God forgive me if He is dis- rather pleases them than otherwise to!

pleased, but Seyid Rustim is my god." have people of a different creed anct Among the prophets, Ali, the son- those whom Moslems would consider in-law of Mohammed, is regarded as unclean eat with them, The mourn- supreme. The name of the sect ing for the dead Imams which Mos- itself indicates that the doctrine as to lems regard as so important is or~ Ali's nature goes even further than dinarily unheeded among the Ali this and that he is regarded as divine. Ilahis. In these as well as a hundred'

Ali Ilahi means a follower of the god, other particulars the Ali Ilahis seem Ali. When questioned as to belief to be a law unto themsdves. Suc~ in Ali the people often say, "AU is law as they have can not be traced to not God, yet he is not separate from the Koran at any rate.

God." The Sufis of Sheah Islam, The Ali Ilahis keep In the winter a however, make the same statement, three-days' fast. It is, however, a so it can not be considered a dis- fast only in the ~los1em sense; tinctive tenet of the Ali I1ahi system. Nothing is eaten during the day, but There are many wild myths which re- extra dishes are prepared as the eve- late the existence of Ali thousands of ning draws near, and a part of the years before the creation of the world night is given up to feasting. Of and the wonderful feats he has per~ these special dishes a portion is usnally formed by the glance of his eye or by sent to the house of one or more of raising his little finger. Sheah Mos- the seyids. At the dose of the three- lems also give credence to many of days' fast a special feast is held.

these myths, but probably do not be- This three-days' fast is caned a lieve them so implicitly as the Ali "fast of vows," as at thIS time speciaf Ilahis. vows are made and sacn'fices promised But the man who attempts to to one of the prophets in considera- bridge the gulf between Islam and the tion of some favor being granted.

Ali Ilahis finds much to contend with. These, sacrifices are arso made at other The Ali Ilahis pay no attention to than the winter fast-time if there is

special need, such as sickness, hard They feast, the seyid prays and all times, or trouble in the family. Islam converse till a number of the dervishes has nothing just like this, since sacri- present become drunk with excite- fices and similar rites, so far as they ment. These latter then gather up occur at all, are regarded as works handfuls of live coals from the open of merit. The Ali Ilahis, on the other fireplace and fill their mouths with hand, do not seem to take into con- them, quench the fire with their saliva . sideration the need of meritorious and spit out the charcoal. They often acts. keep this up for a half an hour, rapidly filling their mouths and spit- The Ali Ilahis believe in many in- ting out the dead charcoal. One man carnations of the Deity. They believe will often gather a heap of live coals that God is the source of Light, and in the skirt of his coat and hand it the Light Essence has often mani- by handfuls to the man who is eating fested itself in the prophets since the fire or will himself throw it in a rapid beginning of time. The real mani- stream into his mouth. It is reported festation in power was in Ali, and as that the coat is never burned in this the original light, he is supposed to process. Later on, the men will clap have existed for ages if not for all the live coals by handfuls on the time. He is also the creator of the backs of their necks or on their universe, and the one who brought shoulders till the fire is extinguished. into being the other prophets. A The dervishes in a community who Christian evangelist, after talking for eat fire are few, and usually not more a long time to an Ali Ilahi audience, than four or five in a company will and being greatly encouraged by the undertake it. Each of the seyids of attention all gave and the way in a place, however, has his own follow- which everyone present assented to ers, and among them are fire-eaters. his exposition of Christianity, was The seyids claim to be able to eat fire, dumbfounded at last when a man re- but almost never attempt it. Only a marked, "After all, Ali created few men, who claim to have the love Jesus out of light." They go further of Ali in their hear.ts in a special man- than this, and hold that there is a ner, can do this unharmed. Others at- supernatural power 1Il some men tempting it have been known to be which enables them at times to per- severely burned. form wonderful deeds. This power is conferred, for the most part, upon So far as ignorance artd supersti- dervishes. tion are concerned, the Ali Ilahis are perhaps as benighted as any class of The latter belief leads to the fire people in Persia. Charms anel written festivals for which the Ali Ilahis are prayers bound on the arm or other noted. These usually occur at the time part of the body are common. Little of the winter fast, but may occur any accidents or mysterious evel1ts greatly time a seyid chooses to gather a com- frighten them. A man claiming to pany of people and encourage the per- have supernatural power, by simply formance. Usually in the winter, hanging art old rag to a tree in sight after the three.days' fast, each of the of the peo1)le, can make a whole vil- leading seyids in a place assembles a number of people irt the evening. lage tremble. As a rule, they know

little worth recording about their own enough has been done to demonstrate religion, and even less about Islam. the possibility and practicability of do- In .questioning the Ali Ilahis about ing open evangelistic work among the their knowledge of the prophets, I Ali Ilahis, of baptizing converts in have often received the reply, "Vhen the sight of the world and of gather- did I learn anything about the ing them into groups and churches.

prophets that I should be able to Opposition and obstacles are many, answer you?" Among these people but it has been proved that Ali Ilahis there are many who have never heard are far more accessible than Mos- the name of Jesus, but it would be lems and work among them more hard to find a lIoslem who has not likely to receive immediate fruitage heard at least the Koranic name for than work for Islam. Moslem con- Jesus (Esa). Many Ali I1ahis say verts usually are subjected to perse- they have not even heard this. They cution. Ali Ilahi converts to Chris- are sitting in darkness and the shadow tianity, on the other hand, are gen- of death. erally called upon to endure nothing Evangelizing the Ali IIahls worse than petty annoyances. Open Until recently no serious effort has evangelistic work among Moslems, if been made to reach the Ali Ilahis with carried on for more than a few days the Gospel. A few visits among in a place, is almost everywhere in them, a few desultory conversations· Persia violently opposed by the hier- with individuals and a few portions archy. Among the Ali Ilahis, tho the of the Scriptures left in their homes opposition on the part of seyids is constitute the sum of evangelistic en- real, yet it is weak and in no sense deavor. In the spring of 1907, how- organized, as is that of Islam, and can ever, evangelists were located in the usually be quickly overcome. The Ali village of Sahnah, about forty miles Ilahis are, further, as a class, far from Kermanshah, on the pilgrim more open-minded and ready to ac- road from Teheran to Kerbela, and cept the Gospel than the Moslems are.

since then nineteen persons have been The great need in the 'work for Ali baptized there and much prejudice Ilahis at present is native evangelists and opposition overcome. Open to systematically tour the villages and, evangelization has become in that cen- by a longer or shorter residence in the ter an accepted reality. In Kirind, most favorable locations, assist in an Ali Ilahi town, many are reading gathering and training groups of be- the Bible and some profess conver- lievers. As the converts already won sion to Christianity, In a number of to Jesus are trained and press out into other villages also, scveral people who the regions beyond. or as converts have heard the Word say they believe from other parts of Persia can be and want to be Christians. found willing and able to engage in As yet only the hem of the Ali this work, the systematic evangeliza- Ilahi garment has been touched, but tion o.f the Ali Ilahis will go on apace.

IN TURKEY*

BY JAMES L. BARTO:'1', D.D., BOSTON, MASS.

Hitherto it has been feared that The American Board comes into Moslem fanaticism might rise in vio- contact with Mohammedans in four- lence against the missionaries at the teen of its missions, only four of front if it were plainly stated that which are under a Mohammedan Christians in America are endeavor- government. In ten of the missions ing through its missionaries to make in which we are at work and where Jesus Christ in His beauty and sa- Moslems dwell, like India, China, ving power known to the followers of Africa and in the Philippines, there Mohammed. For nearly fourscore is ample religious liberty so far as and ten years we have maintained a the government is concerned. Our silence that has been misinterpreted four missions in Turkey are entirely both in the East and in the West. under a Mohammedan government, Widely has the uncontradicted but er- where the state is identified with roneous statement been circulated Islam. Here there is no liberty for that "mission boards are not working a Mohammedan to change his refor the Christianization of Moslems," ligion, while nearly all of the high and that "no Moslems become official positions in the military and Christian." There is even a wide civil lists are filled by Mohammedans difference of opinion among the mis- alone. They control the processes of sionaries and the friends of missions the government, and, in spite of many as to the wisdom of discussing this promises granting freedom of conquestion. Some have feared it may science to all subjects of the empire, result in open and fanatical violence are able so to administer the affairs against missionaries in Turkey and of state that Moslems dearlv under-. elsewhere, while others believe that stand that no change of reli~on wil! the time has come when we should be tolerated. speak boldly and frankly. Turkey occupies a position strategic A long step in advance was taken in to the Moslem world. In its geothe conference in Cairo, Egypt, when graphical location it commands the some seventy delegates assembled entrance to Persia, and is in dose proximity to the North African Mofrom all over the world to discuss hammedan states and to Arabia. this question. Since the conference The Sultan of Turkey holds in his was in a Moslem country, secrecy was possession the sacred cities of the maintained at that time to prevent the 230,000,000 Mohammedans of the breaking up of the gathering. Two world. He alone is the guardian of volumes were issued giving to the the cities of Mecca and Medina, to world a full report of the proceed- which Moslem pilgrims resort by ings of the great world conference thousands each year. He is also the of Christians upon the subject of custodian of the sacred relics of Mo- Mohammedanism and its relation to hammed, kept in the Seraglio at Christianity. There is need for in- Constantinople. For 400 years the augurating a new advance into a Sultan of Turkey has held the unworld occupied by 230,0:)0,000 souls disputed title of "Calif' of the Moswho know neither the Christ nor the lem world. No one knows just how Father. The new country of the much this may mean, and yet we know American Foreign Missions calls for that to no other city and to no other a new vision of the Moslem world in monarch do the Mohammedans of its strength, its needs, its accessibility, all races look with the same universal its promise, as well as in its an- reverence that thev look to the Sultan _ tagonism to Christ and to those who of Turkey and to t-he city of the sacred bear His name.

• From Tlte New York Ohserver_ An address delivered at North Adams, Mass., 19M. rdics. Politically and religiously Christians in any other light than as Turkey is the stronghold of Islam, people to be conquered or forcibly and the Sultan of Turkey is its su- resisted. All of these experiences preme High Priest. with Christianity, until modern mis- sions were begun among them, made There are in Turkey between ten them only hate the name of Christ. and twelve million :'ITohammeclans. They had seen little or nothing of the These include all of the official classes gentleness, beauty and strength of in the Turkish Empire north of Syria, Jesus Christ. Every Moslem tradias well as a great mass of peasantry. tion and national experience is hostile These clo not represent a homogeneous to Christianity. race, but different races, often preying upon one another and frequently Religious liberty in Turkey. If in open hostility to the central gov- all that is required in a country to ernment. These Moslem peoples in- assume full religious liberty is a' declude the Turks of Asia ]finor, the cree to the effect from the highest Albanians of Macedonia, the Kurds authority in the realm, then the subof eastern Turkey, the Caucasians of jects of Turkey have religious liberty. Asia Minor and 'eastern Turkev, be- I f it means freedom to worship God according to the dictates of one's sides Turcomans of northern Syria. conscience, then there is little religious The dominant people are the Turks. liberty in Turkey for its Moslem The other races mentioned are more subjects. In 1839 an Imperial Reor less loyal, according to circum- script was issued guaraqte'eing prostances. By far the greater number tection to every subject ( f the empire. of Moslems in Turkey are peasants irrespective of race or religion. In who live a simple life, taking little 1843 a youth of twenty years was beinterest· in the government or in re- headed in the streets of Constantiligion. These are ignorant for the nople and his .body exposed in the 1110st part, are gentle, hospitable and, streets for three days because, after' upon the whole, are inclined to be once declaring himself a Mohamkindly disposed. Owing to the long medan, he had become a Christian. conflict with Christian races, the ru- l'nder pressure from the European ling Turks are generally strongly powers the Sultan in 1844 gave a fanatical in religions matters. The written pledge that he would take peasant in the remoter districts does effectual measures to prevent further not take his religion so seriously. persecution for changes in religious belief. This was repeated in the The :'IIohaml11edans of no country famous Hatti Sheriff of 1856, which have ever had an opportunity to know was understood bv the :'IIoslems as Jesus Christ in His beauty and power. guaranteeing to tilem Imperial pro- From the first, Islam has been in con- tection, even tho they should change flict with Christianity, attempting to their religion. The Treaty of Paris conquer by the sword of l'.Iohammed that year recognized tllis Imperial the Christian races to which it had Edict as pledging the government of accegs until it was staved bv the on- Turkey to full religious liberty for all ward progress at the ,~alls ~f Vienna its subjects. in 1fl83. All the war with the M 0hammeclans is holy war. and holy war Mohammedans began openly to with them has always been war with purchase copies of the Turkish Tes- Christians. Their histories, oral or tament and to study Christianity. written. record and repeat the story Turks in considerable numbers in of the Crnsades, the conflict with the different parts of the empire became Christians of Spain, their clash at Christians and were baptized. Among arms with the Greeks, Armenians and these were some officials, and in one Russians as well as other Christian instance in Constantinople a Turkish peoples, until they have nearly in- Tilman. or preacher, began openly to c~pacitated themselves to think of

proclaim Christ. ily 1860 fifteen evangelization of the nominal Chris- lIoslem converts had been baptized tian races like the Syrians, crmenians, in Constantinople alone, and the spirit Greeks and Bulgarians. In Syria of inquiry spread up to 1864. In the and in the southern amI western por- summer of that year, as the Turkish tions of Asia .Minor the Christians congregation was coming from its and the Turks speak the same Sabbath morning service, the preacher language, so that the missionaries in and some twenty members were ar- those regions are able to converse rested, and, without trial, some of freely with the Moslems, and they in them were sent into exile. turn can understand the language used in public worship. This is not the From that day to the present time case in the northern and eastern por- i'.foslems have been made to under- tions of the country. In addition to stand that there is no liberty for them this missionary force there are in the to embrace Christianity. In spite of countrv over 2,000 trained native. Christian pastors, preachers, evangerthis fact, many Moslems have accepted lists and teachers who speak the esus Christ as Redeemer and Lord, languages of the country. for which confession some have fled the country, others have met severe I. Mission stations are planted in persecution there, while not a few all parts of the empire and missionhave been quietly put to death. aries upon the ground in large num- These conditions have prevented bers know the country and the open effort for the Mohammedans and character and needs of the Mohamhave made Moslems who have become medans. They speak the language of believers in Christ slow to make pub- the Moslems, enjoy their confidence lic profession of their faith. At the and have access to them. ~ame time Mohammedans have not been indifferent to the Christian effort 2. Colleges are firmly established put forth for them. from the Black Sea to Arabia and from Persia to Greece, in which Mo- Beginning with 1819 Christian mis- hammedans can be received, but where sionaries have been laying founda- Christian young men and women of tions in that country for Christian other races are trained in the Turkish institutions. One after another the and Arabian language in preparation great strategic centers in the empire for preaching the Gospel to the Mohave been occupied until at the hammedans. Thousands of graduates present time in Constantinople, in from these schools are found to-day Smyrna, in Damascus, in Salonica, in in all parts of the empire. Beirut, in Bagdad, and in a hundred other cities there are established sub- While the highest of the Christian stantial evangelical churches, Chris- educational institutions of the countian schools of all grades, and in many try are attended by but few Moslem of them Christian hospitals for both pupils, the thirst for the new learnmen and women. At Constantinople ing is present among the Mohamand Beirut there are extensive pub- medans also, and thev have introduced lishing houses that are issuing an- much that is modern into their own nually millions of pages of Christian national schools. Many of the official literature in every language spoken classes have taken courses of study by the leading races of the empire. in Europe and are thus the champions of a better educational system for Over 600 foreign missionaries, rep- their own youth of both sexes. Every resenting both European and Ameri- phase of the modern educational syscan societies, are located at these tem tends to break down faith in the important centers of missionary opera- teachings of the Koran and to shatter tion. It is true that for the most part the prejudices of Islam. In many the effort of these missionaries has Christian schools to-day in Turkey, been directed hitherto, not to reaching Moslem and Christian youths recite the Moslem populations, but to the

IN TURKEY

in the same classes, join in the same Christianity. They have seen this sports and regard each other as spirit multiplied in the lives of native friends. Christians, and have noted the fact that those who take the New Testa- 3. Publication work is well estab- ment as their standard live cleaner, lished, and, in spite of a strict more honest and more truthful lives. censorship, millions of pages of en- In this way they have been led to see lightening literature, as well as that the beauty that there is in Jesus which is directly Christian, are issued Christ, and to recognize the fact that annually from the mission presses. belief in Him works a change in This work can be almost indefinitely human life that is praiseworthy. In increased in new languages, so that the wide contact of the Moslems with every lloslem race in Turkey can missionaries and native evangelical thereby be directly reached. The ex- Christians throughout the empire they tensive educational institutions in the have come to hold an opinion of empire give to the publication work Christianity widely different from that greatly enhanced power and influence. held when mission work began there in I8I9. The wide circulation of Christian literature in the Turkish and Arabic 5. The Moslems of Turkey have languages has already had boundless taken careful note of the fact that out influence. All modern scientific and of Christianity there grows a better historic literature is anti-Mohamme- society. They have observed the dan. For nearly ninety years the Christian home that springs up wheremission presses have been busy print- ever girls are educated. They recoging a religious and educational litera- nize the fact that every Christian comture in the languages read by the munity supports schools for the ~Ioslems. This has been more widelv education of its boys and girls; that circulated than any power upon earth industries are fostered and sobriety can trace. Moslems read and discuss enforced and honesty and truthfulness what to them are the marvels of mod- demanded. They have observed that ern science and the revelations of the Christian community is more aghistory. By this they are lifted out gressive and more prosperous than of their old narrow life and thought others, and they attribute this great and made to live in a new and modern change to their religion. The Chrisworld. The Bible also in whole and tian hospital and the orphan asylums in parts has been printed and circu- scattered far and wide in the· land are lated among the Moslems by millions teaching Turks a daily lesson of Him of copies. These are not given away, who came and lived on earth a servant but sold, insuring a reading and care- of others, a healer of human ills and ful preservation. Last year upon the a benefactor of mankind. After two press at Beirut alone nearly 50,000,000 generations of observation and expages of the Bible in Arabic were periences, in spite of prejudice and printed for circulation among Mos- hatred and bigotry, the lesson has lems exclusively. The Mohammedans been better learned than many of us as a class are not to-day ignorant of are aware. the true character of Jesus Christ or of the teachings of the Gospels. 6. Undoubtedly the Mohammedans expect the missionaries to press upon 4. The lives of the missionaries them the superior claims of Jesus during the nearly three generations Christ. Great numbers of them have of occupancy of that country have read the New Testament and the life had a mighty effect in breaking down ~nd teachings of Paul. They know old prejudices against Christianity. that Christianity demands of its fol- The Mohammedan appreciates a life lowers that they preach Him to all of self-sacrificing service for others. men. Thev know that in so far as and to them this has become an en- Christians in Turkey have failed hithtirely new revelation of the spirit of

crto to do this they have failed in most ancient ami yet the 1110St savage their devotion to Him whom they race in all Europe. Ye are assured profess to serve as Ilaster. The~. of a welcome among that people num- would respect the purpose of Chris- bering some 2,000,000 souls. tians to exalt the Christ hefore the : Iohaml11edans of that countn', even 4. By developing the medical work tho they might oppose the effo~t. Only to reach more fulh' all Moslem races thus can the respect lost by the failures and so demonst~ate to them the of the past be regained in the future. brotherhood and sympathy of Chris- tianity as it reveals itself in practical In view of these facts, has not the life. The medical missionary will retime come for us as a IIission Board ceive a welcome into every 1Iohamto make a decided advance? medan tribe, race or comn;unitv, and 1. By sending more missionaries his work will meet always and 'everyinto Turkev, not to devote their time where a lJuick and hearty response. and energies to the nominal Christian Turkey could almost be won to-day races, but to give themselves to the by the Christian physicians. 12,000,000 llos1ems that dwell in all parts of the empire and for whose S· By planning to assist the Turks evangelization little or no direct effort is no';v made. in organizing and conducting schools of all classes and grades. The time 2. By designating missionaries to is approaching when they will be askwork directly among the Kurds, who ing for this help even 1110re loudly are a strong, sturdy, able race, occupy- than they do to-day. We should have ing the mountain regions along the in the country forces sufficient to enupper waters' of the Tigris and able us to join hands with them in Euphrates rivers. These probably putting their educational system upon llumber, including all the different a modern, permanent basis. tribes, not less than 3,000,000 souls, and for them, at the present time, no 6. By preparing and issuing a new, missionaries are exclusively at work. not controversial, but constructive literature in large quantities and of 3. By sending missionaries to the great variety in the language of "-lbanians in western Mesopotamia, the r.Ioha111111edans. This literature who are ]loslem5 bv name, but who should not be mere translations, but are already pleading for missionaries must be produced by able men who to reside among the111. A slight work know both the mind "and belief of the has been begun in their country, and, 110slem. as well as the essentials of so far as we can see, the race is ready C h r i s t i a n i t,·. to listen to Christian instruction and to give the Christian missionary a 7. By so organizing our forces that welcome. 'Yithin the last year an Albanian prince has pleaded 'with 11S of we can present to even :'IIoslem ill in person to open work among the Ttll"ke,' such a vision the Christ that h~ will see the beauty of His life and character and be led to exclaim, "::Iy Lord and my God!"

A TURKISH WOMAN'S DESCRIPTION OF THE REVOLUTION .'Ie series of the most unbelievable "'as brought before the people. things are going on. ;0 bloodshed, "Swear that thou wilt be true to the no quarrel, no drunkenness! Yes- Constitution," said they, and he swore. terda,", besides the crowd in the The ":Iinister of Public Instruction, streets, a large assembly of people of said tremblingly over ane! over, "I different races, with flags and music, will, oh, I will open schools! Bis-. went up to the palaces of the :'1'1in- millah!" Thev went to all the Ministers, making them take a sole111n isters except that of the Interior; he oath to be tme to the Constitution. was a known spy. It is a glorious "No abuses, no stealing," they cried page in our history that no blood,' to the ":1 inister of Finance, ami he event marks our celebration of freetook the oath. The Sheik-ul-Islam dom,

NINEV~H) AND ITS PEOPLE *

BY DR. A. H. GRIFFITH Mosul is in the desert on the left The site of Nineveh is one of utter bank of the Tigris. It is therefore in desolation, fulfilling the prophecies of Mesopotamia, distant nine days' jour- the Old Testament (cp. Nahum iii.). ney (about 270 miles) from Bagdad The mounds covering its ruins ex- (south), ten days from Mardin tend a long way, but there is nothing (north) , where there is a strong to be seen, all the excavations having THE CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY BUILDING~ MOSVL American 1111SS10n, twelve days from been c1o~ed up. Close by is a small U nunia, Persia (t'ast). and' twenty hill crowned with a 1110sque, and cov- Jays from Aleppo (west). ered with a few poor huts. Ancient tradition marks this site as the burial- llosul is a large city of some place of the prophet Jonah. Away in 80,000 inhabitants- in the middle the distance tower the mountains ages its chief industry was muslin. forming the barrier between this part hence perhaps its name-but its chief of Turkey and Persia, inhabited by feature of interest is that it occupies wild Kurds and a curious race known as nearly as possible the site of that as Yezdiyees (devil worshipers). On ancient city Nineveh. The ruins of the left bank of the river, all :.Iineveh li~ on the right bank of the around xIosul, is desert. stretching for river, which is connected with Mosul hundreds of miles, inhabited chiefly by means of an ancient bridge partly by Arabs and their flocks. The city composed of boats. partly of stone. is still surrounded by a high wall, dethe latter comprising thirty-three ficient in parts, which is pierced by arches still in good repair. The eight gates, 'Within the city the Tigris is one of the swiftest rivers in streets . are usually narrow, with the world, ane! when in flood the "cobblestones" as pavement, but they bridge of boats is often swept away.

.. From J1 ercy and Truth,

are kept much cleaner than is usual small Protestant community, the rein the East. There are really good sult of many years of work by the houses to be found, with plenty of American Presbyterian Society, who marble, for this stone is very cheap now, at their own request, have and plentiful here. It is not a good adopted the Church of England servmarble, and wears badly, but it lends ice. We have quite an Episcopate coolness to the houses during the here, including a Roman Catholic summer heat. archbishop, two Syrian Catholic bishops, one Chaldean, etc. The Mosul used to be a great Christian A GROUP OF PATIENTS OF THE C. M. S. HOSPITAL, MOSUL, PERSIA center, with many bishops and two Jacobite bishop has lately been calleel archbishops; but many were killed by to Mardin, where he has since been the Moslems, and many others to es- made patriarch. The Dominicans cape persecution embraced the creed have a fine church, large schools, anel of Islam. But Mosul still contains a good printing-press. They are repsome thousands of Christians belong- resented by half-a-dozen "fathers" ing to different churches, chiefly Syrian and Chaldean Catholic. For and some dozen nuns. all from France. many years there has been a power- Being alone here, my wife and I ful Dominican mission here, and some years ago most of the adherents had hoped that we might occasionally of these two ancient churches gave have been able to partake of comin their allegiance to Rome-the munion in the Jacobite Church, but minority formed a church 6f their we found that we should first have to own and are termed J acobites, named "confess" to a priest and receive abafter one Jacob, a leading Protestant solution. So, altho both the bishop of that period. We possess also a and the clergy tried to make the necessary preliminaries as lax as pos- sible, we could not see our way to ac-

MOSUL (NINEVEH) AND ITS PEOPLE

cept, and therefore, with all our little an old house, over 200 years of age, Protestant community, have to wait with two large compounds. The until we have a clergyman of our own. inner one we live in, the outer has But most of the inhabitants here are been fitted up as a dispensary and Mohammedans, almost entirely Su- small hospital. A large stable has nees. In the mountains near Mosul, been transformed into quite a nice besides the Kurds and Yezdiyees al- waiting-room, and part of another ready mentioned, there are a few stable has become our dispensary. thousand Christians, called Maronites, The operating theater and men's who have their own clergy and bishop, wards are built on the roof, and and refuse submission to Rome. three dark rooms, one of which was a kitchen and another a bath-room, The chief language used here is have been altered to make three fairly Arabic, but French is also spoken by decent women's wards. All this work a few officials. Turkish is taught in has been done at a very small cost, the schools. Kurdish is the language 1110St of the alterations, in fact, beof the hill tribes, with a little Persian, ing done by our landlord. We have and Chaldean is still used for the started with six beds (wooden ones; services in the Chaldean church, soon to be replaced by iron bedsteads, altho not commonly understood either we trust), but have room for twentyby priests or people. Thus, to be of four, and expect we shall soon be full the greatest use here, one ought to be up. We have no nurse,as yet, and my a good all-naund-linguist! two assistants, altho willing to learn, do not know a great deal. So we Protestant mission work was first may have to move rather slowly at begun here by the American Presby- first, but certainly we shall not lack terian Board of Missions. which patients. In two months' time I have started work as long ago as 1860, and prescribed for over 2,000 people and had schools and medical missionary paid nearly 200 visits, and this altho work up till five years ago, when they I am only holding dispensaries twice retired altogether from Mosul. asking a week instead of four times. My the C. M. S. to take over their schools. wife helps me at the women's dispen- This was done, and moreover, three saries and also with operations-her years ago, Dr. Sutton (whose name one lament a~, she visits the people is a household word in Bagdad) is that she is not a lady doctor. Truly came and started a medical mission. we need one very badly in Mosul, and After two years he returned to she would have a great welcome-for England and resigned, and the work here, as elsewhere, there is much prehere was practically abandoned until ventable suffering which no male the January of this year, when I was Hakeem gets a chance of relieving. asked to carryon the work. On our The diseases met with in Mosul are arrival at Mosul we received a most much the same as elsewhere in the hearty welcome from all classes, East, with a preponderance of lung Chri;tian and Moslem; but every- diseases, tuberculosis of bone, dysenthing had to be restarted, as last au- tery, cataract, etc.; the halt, the tumn, in despair of finding a successor maimed, the blind fill our waitingto Dr. Sutton, the society had re- room and listen as we tell them of the luctantly asked Dr. Brigstocke, of Great Physician. Pray that the Gos- Bagdad, to visit Mosul and sell up pel preached to the out-patients and eyerything. in the wards may be the power of God unto salvation to many. We first secured a large house in tht' center of the city belonging to one of the chief Moslem families. It is

IBRAHIM-A LATTER-DAY SAINT IN OMAN-NOT

A MORMON* REV. JAMES C.'.'T1.'E. D.D .• ~CSCAT, AR.BL The experiences of OUf colporteurs book were steadfast III the Law and are always interesting reading to us Gospel, God would cover their ofhere on the field, illustrating, as they fenses,' and taking from the saddle- do, the spirit of our helpers. their bags a Gospel and a Koran, I said, methods, and the stlccess attending 'Let each one, 0 friend, speak acthis branch of our native agency. cording to his book in the ears of The murder of the chief fighting-man those that hear.' And there were near of the Sultan at Muscat has thrown by nearly fifty men, not counting the the whole country into an uproar for 'omen and the children on the roof. months, and the tour Ibrahim de- And I took the sixth chapter of scribes is the first made this year. :iIatthew from the beginning to the On his trip he took his son Abd el end, and said, 'This is the teaching of Ahad with him as a helper, and, sending a box of books on ahead 11p our Lord JeSllS, the son of :lary, the coast by sailing boat. the two left Muscat on donkeys the last of May. and we walk by it and are judged by A good deal of his report is simply it as your own prophet :[ohammed "arrived at such a place, sold so many says.' And we talked together until books, and left for the next village"; the fifth hour of the night. And when, with the frequent remark "and had on separating for the night, we bea good talk," meaning conversation sought permission to resume onr about the Bible. journey early in the morning', they de- sired us to remain until noon, which After having been away from lV[us- we did, selling ten Scriptures. cat about ten days, he arrives one evening at a place called Usheel. and These religious teachers are the says: "We went to the lodging-place bane of our life in Oman. but also of the sheik, but when we arrived the means through which we often the people of the village did not de- gain access to the people, who gensire us, and their faces were venom- erally are quite ignorant on points of ous toward us, but I recognized one religious controversy, accepting withof the rnen sitting about as a for- out much question whatever is told them b' these same .il ullahs. mer friend of mine, and when I saw him I feIt that the Lord had sent be- I [ere" is another experience of fore us to prepare .the way for His Ibrahim's 'ith this same class: "Ve word, and this man talked with them 'ere sitting under a tree at eveningand persuaded them to receive us time with many of the people around unto themselves. And when, bv com- us, none of us saying a word, when I mand of the sheik, we sat -down, saw approaching a :1 ullah. All the there sat down by my side a learned people said among themselves, 'The man, esteemed, very holy in Oman, :1ullah has come'; 'the M ulIah has and he said to me, 'Because you do come.' Yhen he arrived, he at once not fast and do not pray you are ac- asked me with severit-, 'Vhat books counted bv us vile and unbelievers.' are these?' I said, ;Books for the I said, 'H~ve you a lantern, 0 friend, wise and books for the foolish. for that I can make proof of your conten- the rich and for the poor, books large tion?' He said, 'Bring him a light,' and small. all kinds of books.' He and when they had brought it, I said, said. '1 vant the Koran, the exaltecl.' 'You know the verse from the Koran I showed him a Koran and a Bible. which says that if the people of the Of the latter he said, 'Of this I know nothing.' I replied that in it I could show him something that he would *" From IVeglected Arabia. like. But he and all the people began preserve us from the cunning of this speaking against me and against the man and his violence.' And they Bible very foolishly. I kept quiet and filled the hous~ around us and bega;] did not say anything, until at last to revile, and say, 'Why do you bring their words burned within n'le like books not permitted and books of unfire, and I said, 'I am not afraid, 0 believers ?' I said, '0 friend, the 111 isye that are present, not of the rulers ,c'ad in your hand can not purify your and not of the lIullahs, and do not mouth from vileness, nor will your think that I am a stranger among white turban separate you from others, you, for the truth is greater than all but will testify against you on the day of you, and the Vord of God is of judgment, if you do not believe the words of the prophets.' He replied, ostronger than all.' And I said, 'See, my friends, what this book which 'r believe in JIohammed, upon whom has descended upon the tongue of Solomon says about wisdom,' and I be peace!' I said, 'And does not your read to them until the Mullah said, prophet commend this book?' And 'This book is useful, I will buy it.' he took from me the book of Job and Then I took out the Book of Psalms, and said to him, 'This is the book of said, 'See, r reae! here that it says that the prophet David, to the which the [(oran testifies.' And the Mullah Jesus, the son of Mary, is the Son of said, 'This also is a good book.' And God.' I replied, '0 -slanderer, that I likewise took out portion after por- book does not have the name of Jesus tion until I had sold him five books, in it,' and I proved to the people that and when the people saw that the he was trying to deceive them. Then ~Iullah had bought they also took the owner of the house rebuked him, from me twenty-seven books, and I and in a rage he arose and left, after rejoiced greatly." which I sold ten more books."

The boldness 0 f 1brahim is some- But all the religious teachers are times rather startling to those who not so impervious to the truth. At travel with him, but he generally suc- one place he writes: "An aged Mulceeds in either disarming opposition lah came and asked mE!', saying, 'How or putting it to flight. Here is another do you say that Jesus is the Son of experience of his. Ve had been tour- God?' and I took the first chapter of ing in the towns inland until all of John and explained to him, with many his books were finished, when he went l:len standing about listening to every word. At last I said, 'Do ,·ou 110W to the place to which he had sent the box of books by sea, a town called believe that Jesus is the Son 'of God?' hhabura, with rathcr a bad reputation among our workers. He writes, "We and he replied, 'I believe and am peropened the box, and, taking some suaded,' and this before all those books, went to the bazaar. There standing about." gathered around us a number of men to annoy 115 and prevent our selling, "t the end Ibrahim Sl1l11S up his but God made their purpose vain, for report by saying: "We were twentyas they troubled us we kept on selling five davs on the road and sold four until we had sold forty, when we went hundre~1 and fifty Scriptures. Vve ,,·ith our books to the- house of a man visited seventy-one towns and villages, who was friendly. And when they and sold books in all of them but saw this a number of men came upon twelve. Of these seventy-one towns us, and with them a Mullah with a and villages, forty-four' had never misH'ad (a stick for cleaning the heard the words of the Gospel before, neither had the feet of the preacher teeth) in his hand. r knew this man, trodden there. And we pray that God ",ill bless this good seed and water and when I saw him I said, '0 Lord, it with the dew of His grace, that it may spring up in the hearts of those that heard it. In this prayer all who await the coming of our Lord will join.

EDITORIALS

THE HINDRANCES TO MISSIONS line or seems to come forth from its Rev. J. Stuart Holden, whose re- heart. So the preaching of the Gosfreshing ministry at St. Bartholo- pel pervades tl:~ community with mew's Church, New York, will be light and life, "~,,. Imrifies the moral so long remembered by those who and spiritual atmosphere, and gives in the summer months enjoyed it, a varicolored '::r:ge and tone to the says that the "bed" and the "bushel" social life it permeates. It also illu- may not be arbitrarily chosen by our mines and glorifies trial. But there Lord in His parabolic teaching about is needed the same Gospel message the hiding and hindering of the light and inspired teaching in more intense of the world. The bed naturally sug- form to strike home truth to the . gests the sleep of indolence and ease; very heart of the individual; to strike the bushel, the activities of the com- down sinners in their course of evil- mercial world. And, as he suggests, doing and make them tremble before it may be that the Lord is warning God, and to bring to men a new us against the two great foes of all power for holiness. And as Dr.

missionary witness-a selfish indo- Broughton wel! said, every saved soul lence and an absorbing activity; idle may be a soul-saver.

on the one hand and too busy on the THE AROUSING OF THE LAYMEN other.

THE MEN OF THIS WORLD Among the most conspicuous signs of our Gay, we reckon the movement as our Lord said, "Are wiser III now becoming so wide-spread, among their generation than the children of the men sf the churches, to organize light." Dr. Len Broughton, of At- for direct Christian labor, for more lanta, recently speaking at Northfield systematic giving and in general more on soul-winning, told of the way efficiert service in 'the kingdom. the venders of molasses went from house to house among the mountains Dr. John Hall used to say that of West Virginia, hawking their he had in his congregation many men goods until the whole country was who were not church-members but flooded and saturated with molasses. "brothers-in-law," their wives being active communicants. In Dr. Land- He also very fittingly compared reth's address on the Brotherhood, the ordinary preaching of the Word which sparkled with wit and bristled to sheet lightning, which simply puri- with barbed points, feathered by infies the air of miasmatic and cle- numerable stories, he so modified the leterious vapors, but strikes nowhere, old familiar rime in beginning that and the forked lightning which takes it react: the form of a bolt and hits something, to the individual work which, with In the world's broad field of battle, the same Gospel force behind it, deals In the bivouac of life, with individuals and seeks to bring You may see the Christian soldier Represented by his Wife.

them one by one to definite decision. THE PASTOR'S RESPONSIBILITY The comparison is very happy and might be much expanded. The sheet Gael has "appointed some pastors lightning has not the intensity of the and teachers" and He has appointed forked or chain lightning; it often them for a purpose. If a pastor is seems to lack definite form, and is God-appointed, he is God-anointed like a great mass of light that and is responsible for his fidelity. The trembles and vibrates with life. people are waiting and wanting to be Sometimes it is tinged decidedly red, led by God's men, They will receive and at other times blue or violet. their ideas and ideals largely if not Occasionally it illumines a continent wholly from their pastors, and if men of clouds and either lights up its out- and women are indifferent or an-

I90R

tagonistic to the great work which executive office. His lamented death God has committed to His Church- has emphasized what is nearly the the work of witnessing for Him last paragraph he ever wrote for the among all nations-it is largely be- public eye; namely, a candid esticause the pastors have slighted or ig- mate of the Bible, as the most inesnored the Great Commission. timable possession of men and nations. These are his words, writ- There is no subject more important for the Church to bear in mind and ten :Warch 14, 1908: "r very much no work that more clearlv indicates the spiritual life in the Church. It hope that in sending out this book is a live subject, full of thrilling in- you will do something to invite more terest, clarion calls to service and sac- attention among the masses of our rifice, noble lives and notable signs people to the study of the New Tesof God's power. There is almost no tament and Bible as a whole. It sermon that can not be powerfully seems to me that in these days there illustrated and enforced by incidents is an unhappy falling off in our apfroIII missionary history. – preciation of the importance of this study. I do not believe, as a people, But to advocate the cause 111- that we can afford to alloy: our intelligently anel enthusiastically the terest in and veneration for the Bible preacher and pastor must himself to abate. I look upon it as the source have a knowledge of the facts, and from which those who study it in must be aflame with the desire to ad- spirit and truth will derive strength vance the kingdom of Christ among of character, a realization of the duty all peoples, He must read missionary of citizenship and a true apprehenliterature and keep abreast of the sion of the power and wisdom agel progress of the Gospel. Dr. A. V. mercy of God," Halsey, secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, edits a TWO SIGNIFICANT CABLEGRAMS little annual leaflet, "Points to Pastors and Laymen," that contains admirable The whole world is made one suggestions for sermons and mis- neighborhood-nay, also one organic sionary meetings. He recommends body, by these new nerves of the strongly the regular use of the Great telegraphic system, and we are get- Book of Prayer, the denominational ting prompt reports of all that takes magazines and reports and the MIS- place at the remotest extremities. SIONARY REVIEW, For each month he Here are two cablegrams that illussuggests one or more topics with care- trate this fact, one is from Peking, fully selected references to cur- China: rent literature-books and magazines. Frequent reference to this excellent "The Throne has ordered the comleaflet will keep the pastors and lay- pilation of a history of the reign of men abreast of the times with a great Kuang Hsu, the present Emperor, to saving of time and an increase of include all the important affairs of efficiency. the Government that have occurred in the entire dynasty. The genealog- EX-PRESIDENT CLEVELAND'S ical history of the Manchu imperial clan from 1664 to 1907 has been com- WITNESS piled, under the direction of two im- perial commissioners. About 123 Na more commanding figure has literary officials were employed, The been found for some years, in the po- work contains 221,100 pages, and is litical world, in many respects than bound in 647 volumes." that of Han. Grover Cleveland-for two terms President of the United The other cablegram is from Rome: States, and the· only man who, after "The Pope has ordered the customonce being defeated at the polls, sub- ary medal struck on the occasion of sequently was lifted to the highest the festival of the Apostles SS. Peter and Paul, recalling the principal event

of the year." The medal this vcar is per cajlit~. or 1~10re than $93.00 for somewhat remarkable. The 1;ope is each famIly of five. These are Cllor- represented as holding in one hand n.l0Lls to.tals-the aggregate consump- the encyclical "Pascendi." A gesture tIon of Itquors, distilled and fermented.

of the other hand indicates a wri- together reaching the immense sum of thing hydra crawling over three books about $r,50o.000,000 I styled "The Bible," "Tradition" and THE AMERICAN BOARD "Schools," and endeavoring to destroy the encyclical. The reference evi- This ~Teat organization began its dently is to modernism. legal eXIstence June 20, 18 I2, when GROWTH OF SOCIALISM IN its charter was granted by the Massa- chusetts Legislature. It has, there- GREAT BRITAIN fore, a chartered history of ninety-six years. Its autumnal meeting is This was evinced at the recent planned for October 13-16, in the new Church Congress, which was marked Academy of Music, Brooklyn, N. Y .. not only by much liberal opinion in and wil~ ?e the first great gathering ecclesiastical matters, but by not a of a relIgIOUS and missionary characlittle socialistic sentiment which has ter in that new building, wit'h its fine obviously obtained in ten years a equipment. The board has not met singular and increasing hold in in this vicinity for fifteen years, and Great Britain, and is advancing not over five hundred delegates will unby steps but by strides. In fact, bv doubtedly be present. the confession of Englishmen thenlselves, its progress has been more rapid within the past decade than in INTELLIGENT BENEFACTIONS any other country. until it threatens :'Irs.. Russell. Sage is a fine example to'dominate nqt .~nlv Parliament but of a WIse, vaned, and discriminating distributer of wealth. I f her hu~ the Church. ' band was a master of the art of acquiring, investing and accutl1u- This is one of the signs of the ~ating, she is revealing unusual sagac- Ity and capacity in distributin CT and times, and it must be met as such dIsseminating. 'She is a wom';.n of a deeply religious character, highly by the sagacious statesmen and educated, and s011l1ellv lm'al to the old apostolic pattern:; ~f rloctrine and churchmen of the immediate future. pract!se-in these respects a singular combmation. It is interesting to note It w~ll not "down at our bidding," how she gives ill her O,,'lZ '«('ay-re- fusing to be dictated to by others. and IS no ghost either. There is a but carefully examining the claims of every object of her beneficence and truth at the bottom of socialism. and giving where, when and as she her- self sees fit. She also rarely unites that mHst be recognized, and by care- the two often opposite instincts of the useful and the beautiful. Goethe ful effort what is erroneous and ex- wisely said, "vVe must take care of the beautiful, for the useful will take treme must be eliminated from what care of itself." For example. she: has made provision for the restorais true and right. There must be frank discussion and modification of existing institutions, otherwise our whole social and economic order, and even our church organizations, may suffer an earthquake shock. Sup- prest forces always at last manifest themselves ill violellt outbreak. The wisest way is to give them a chance for legitimate and regulated activitv.

and this must be done by taking theill in hand in time.

AMERICA'S DRINK BILL tion and refurilishing of the Gov- Apropos of the foregoing appeal ernor's room in the City Hmaalll~y New in behalf of the saloon, it may be well York-a room which has his- to look at the amount spent on stimu- torical associations. and has been at lants, which is estimated at $r8.63 times furnished in a proper manner.

MISSIONARY

MOSLEM LANDS tu the shore alld a building on the quay. It is easily accessible from the The Turkish Constitution and the Jews cit' and is one of the finest sites for its purpose on the Bosporus. Xone of the Sultan's subjects A greater opportunity is promised doubtless is more interestell in or has those ready to appreciate higher edumore to expect from the new Turkish cation. The Scntari college has girls constitution than the Jew. Abcl-ul- of nine different languages prepar- Hamid throughout his reign has ing for services among their people. shown good will toward his 500,0:)0 Dr. Patrick says: "The women of Jewish subjects, and only recently ex- Turkey stand second to none in the emplified his spirit of fairness by world for their natural abilitv and proceeding decisively against their aptitude for progress of the highest persecutors at Jaffa. Some of the kind. N ow is the time to enlarge "Zionist" promoters of an independent this institution and give it an equip- Jewish state in Palestine see in the ment in buildings and apparatus turn of affairs in Turkey much en'- adequate for tl.e new demands that cotlragement for their hopes. An will immediately be made upon it." enthusiastic English writer goes so :'1 iss Goulc! has become interested far as to say that the Young Turks, in the college through a visit two years "at whose command the liberal step ago, and the legislature of :Vlassahas been taken, will insist on recog- chusetts recently granted the college nition of the Zionists' claim. and -ill a new charter enlarging its scope and make it clear to the Ottoman Govern- placing it in a condition to avail itself ment that its own interests will be of the advantages of its new sitnabest served by giving these people the tion and of new conditions in Turkey. permanent habitation under their own government for which they yearn." Fifty Years of Education in Turkey .nother writer in The American Israelite says: "The granting of a After a half-century of toil for constitution in Turkey is not onl· of the betterment of the Sultan's subthe greatest possible' benefit to' the jects, Rev. H. 1. Barnum calls our Zionist movement, but it establishes attention to the fact that fifty years Zionism as a reality. The constitu- ago there was not a college in the whole Turkish empire. To-day there tion is equal to the' charter for Jew- are eight flourishing colleges, crowded with students. There was not even ish settlement for which Dr. Herzl a high school of any sort, but now fought." high schools are found in every part of the countrv. Common schools The Americ;t.n College for Women in Turkey had been started, but without suit- able text-books. "In this region The .-·merican College for Vomen. probably not one in a hundred of the under the able administration of Presi- people knew how to react There was dent Mary Mills Patrick and her no desire for education. For women devoted b~l11d of teachers. has been it was not only not thought. of, it located for vears in Sctltari, the was unthinkable. The missionary .siatic section" of Constantinople. Its ladies gave special attention to creasurroundings have not been easily ting a sentiment in favor of giving accessible or attractive, and a new site education, not only to girls, but to has at last been purchased on the adult women, so that they might be European side of the Bosporus. and able to read the Bible and to trail] has bee~l legally transferred by the their children with a degree of intelli- Turkish Government to the trustees gence. The first women who began of the college. The property contains between forty and fift· acres. and i" on the heights. with -a magnificellt view, a private drive down

to read were ridiculed, and many by its members. Now that the builcl- il;g is erected, the people are to place were ashamed to be known as readers, in it a memorial window of the man who did so much for them. The but now women who can not read lower story of the church has rooms for a day' school, Y. 11. C. A. and are ashamed to confess it. A semi- social gatherings. The church still needs an organ and Sunday-school nary for girls was early opened in furniture, which probably would cost about $3,000, and has a debt of $1,056 Constantinople. The desire for the which it is struggling to make up, with a hope of help from friends in education of girls is now almost uni- America.

versal, and great sacrifices are made INDIA to secure it." . Among the Sweeper. of India The Sorest Evil in Turkey , Rev. A. G. M'Gaw, a Presbyterian missionary, is able to report: "The sorest evil in Turkey to-day," writes a missionary, "is the racial We are in the midst o.f what is called hatred that everywhere prevails be- a mass-mo.vement which has been in tween nominal Christians of differ- progress among the sweepers of North ent nationalities, but of the same India for fifteen or twenty years. Since religious rite." These nationalities 190I I have seen the Christian population belong to one faith, the Greek Or- in our care grow from 1,100. to about thodox Church, yet the Greek perse- 3,50.0. On my last itinerating trip, in cutes the Bulgarian. the Bulgarian company with my fellow workers, one of retaliates upon the Servian, and the whom is .ordained, we had the privilege Servian upon the Rumanian, and the of seeing over 50.0 ackn.owledge Christ in Rumanian upo.n the Greek, thus form- baptism, quite a number of them children ing a circle of persecution and murder. or members of families who had become This racial hatred puts a dark blot Christians before. They have been upon the name Christian which it is brought to Christ by the combined efforts hard for the missionary to remove. of the overseer, the pastor-teachers, and And yet it is being rernovecl slowly individual Christians working voluntarily. and surely, for, says this missionary, These who were without knowledge of "it has been my privilege to see God, without education, without ability Greek, Bulgarian and Servian bow to apply their minds for five minutes to together in the same church and join any abstract subject, are being transin the praise of God in different formed and uplifted, and given new ideas languages, but with the same tune, and hopes. and to regard each other as truly brethren."

Memorial to Cyrus Hamlin Lady Dufferin Medical As.ociation In Pera, a district of Constanti- In 1885, under the direction of nople, an Armenian church has re- Lady Dufferin, whose husband was cently been dedicated which was then Governor-General of India, a organized in r846, the first evangeli- national medical association was cal church in Turkey. For sixty-one formed, philanthropic in aim and neuyears its few members held together tral with regard to religion. Its obwithout a place of worship and for ject has been to furnish medical relief twenty-five years without a regular for the women of India, and the pastor. Dr. Hamlin raised over medical tuition of native female stu- $13,000 in America after he" was over dents has been an important part of eighty years old, and the people there its program. Among other institucontributed about as much more, so tions where native girls are receiving that the site was purchased some such instruction is the Government years ago. But not until 1904 did the Medical College at Agra. Bishop g-overnment give permission to build. Warne said recently that on a visit Dr. Hamlin was the moving spirit in to this institution he found 86 women the life of this church and much loved in attendance there, of whom 76 were

GENERAL MISSIONARY

Christians. A similar statement was Apollos was a Christian; he had ac- made at the India Jubilee by W. 11. Huntly, M.D., of the ~gra Medical quaintance with some native Chris- College, and also a missionary of the Edinburgh Medical Missionary So- tians whom he greatly respected, and ciety, which he represented as fra- ternal delegate at the Jubilee. Dr. if lI.lr. .pollos would kindly consent Huntlv said: "Manv are not aware that the success of the Dufferin plan he would confide his wife to his care for helping Indian women has in the past depended upon the native Chris- 011 her trip to :Madras. His unusual tian community. Vhile girls from the Hindu and Mohammedan com- request was of course granted, and munities are welcome as students, more than eighty per cent of the girls the. woman was kindly looked after are from Christian families." on the journey. . A Moslem Dowie A Hindu Estimate of Christianity A missionary writes as follows to the United Presbyteriall : Among the many admissions which have been made by Hindu leaders of The Mirza Sahib of Qadian in Gurda- the character of Christ. the power of spur district has just died of chol- the Bible and the impotence of the era. This removes our modern "Dowie" Vedas and Hinduism. none are more from the Punjab. He has made several remarkable than the following, spoken predictions. He first posed as a modern by Ven Kayya, a learned Brahman. Elijah; then he ventured to claim to be who had read much in the Bible in Christ or one like Him. He is supposed three languages, and the whole New to have a following of 40,000 to 75,000 Testament in Felugu several times. from the Moslem community, of which but who still outwardly adhered to he was a member. A few years ago he Hinduism. In an address to a packed proclaimed that none of his followers audience of his fellow religionists he would die of plague. Some of them did said: succumb thereto and the orthodox Moslems even rejoiced at his refutation. Of one thing I am convinced, Do what N ow he himself has been carried off by you will, oppose it as we may. it is the cholera. I t will be interesting to note Christian's Bible which will sooner or the outcome of his sect. Exit :'lirza later work the renovation or regenera- Sahib. tion of this land.

A Brahman's View of Christians Scarcely less notable was the speech of a rajah, of South India, who said: A Brahman woman traveling a long distance in charge of a stranger, The intellectual, moral, and, to some simply because he could be trusted extent, the religious regeneration of Inas one who bore the name of Christ; dia is due to mission bodies. All the this is the significant situation de- educational development of the ninescribed in an incident contributed by teenth century is, more or less, due to Dr. James Duthie to the April num- missionaries, some of whoin are ideal ber of The Chrol1icle (L M. S.). Christians. More lies before them: the A native Christian of Nagercoil, Mr. realization of India's hope is with them. Apollos, a friend of Dr. Duthie, was accosted at the Tinnevelly railway Catholics Becoming Protestants in India station by a Brahman gentleman of that place. The Brahman said to Mr. Rev. J. C. Perkins. of the Madura Apollos that he was sending his wife to Madras alone, and that it W2.S ,a Mission, writes that last November a matter of concern to him to let her large number of Roman Catholic travel the long journey without a fishermen in one of the seaside vilfriend; he understood thai: Mr. lages, thoroughly sick of Roman Catholicism and the exactions of the priests, begged to be received into the Protestant Church.

I went to the place and found them fine, strong people, capable of being de- veloped into a vigorous, active, Chris- tianizing agency. Tho the Romanists had had them and their ancestors for 300 years, they were pitiably ignorant of the most familiar stories of the Bible. They knew much about the Virgin :'.lary,

Joseph, and Peter, but little or nothing China's Language Puzzle about Christ and His sayings. :()twithstanding many adverse circumstances, The language known as vYell-li is the medium bv which the classical these new converts are brave, courage- books of Chiri'a have been handed ous, and happy in their new life. How down. It is par excellence the writto get means to properly man the village ten language of China, but it is not and vrovide them with a suitable place generally understood by the great for worship and a school is the hardest maS5 of the people. The spoken (juestion of the year. language-namely, lfandarin-may also be written, and there is a good The Koran and the Plague deal of colloquial literature in Man- darin. Versions of the Bible in the The J/ledical Record reports that local patois have also been produced in several districts of the southwest. the efforts of the Indian Government where the dialects are very numerous and diverse. to stamp out the plague have been In the Chinese written language enormously hampered by the refusal there are over 40.000 distinct characof the Mohammedans to evacuate in- ters or 5"mbols, and this vast number is being' constantly increased by the fected villages, on the ground that the addition of new characters to repre- sent new scientific words and modern Koran forbade them "to flee from the ideas. Altho the Chinese are con- siderecl a literary people ancl have wrath of God." Fully 250,000 deaths naturally a desire for education. yet, owing to the extreme difficulty' of from the plague among the Moslems mastering the Chinese characters. it is estimated that only one in ten of are estimated to have been caused by the population can read or write.- Colltemporary Review. adherence to this belief. . How an English Visitor Was Feasted CHINA C. E. vVilson writes thus of a feast Prejudice Overcome given in his honor: A most interesting occurrence in Crossing over to Hanyang. the third South China proves the truth that city of the group, we were delighted to very often hostility to or disparage- be able to visit the mission station of ment of foreign mission work arises the American Baptist Missionary Union entirely from misconception and ig- that has recently put up a handsome and norance. The Bishop of Victoria, well-equipped hospital under the charge Hongko~g, desiring recently to visit of Dr. Huntley. He is an English Baptist, Pakhoi and Lien-chou, was cour- a former student of the Pastors"College. teously offered a passage on a ;:nd he showed us the greatest kindness government vessel by the naval com- and hospitality. In hone, of our visit. a mander. Some of the naval officers British flag was hoisted on the hospital who. during the voyage. acknowledged flagstaff. and we were entertained by the to Bishop Lander their non-belief in staff to our first Chinese feast. It is an the need and success of missionary ordeal to be remembered-one's first enterprise, were invited by him to go effort to eat, in company, with cho';- on shore with him and inspect the sticks. About fifteen of us sat down two stations he was about to visit. together, the docwr and ourseh'es being They accepted, and first visited the the only foreigners. The following is leper hospital at Pakhoi, in which a the menu: confirmation service was held. and subsequently witnessed our mission- Balls of mashed fish and white of egg; aries :Mr. and Mrs. S. Vicks quietly pork and seaweed; beanshoots, chunks at work at Lien-chou. where their of fat pork; stewed fish, fried rlsh; pork house was pillaged not long ago by and chestnuts, chicken; peanuts; melon a riotous mob. The officers' prejudice pips; sugar cane; pears; green tea. vanished. They acknowledged that mission work was totallv different We became hardened in the course of from their former conception of it, our journey in China, and learned to eat and one of them spontaneously suggested that they should support a bed in Dr. Braclley's hospital.-C. M. S.

Ga:;cttc.

MTSSIOtARY I~TELLTGE~CE

aln1( )st anythiu;…;-. illcluding slugs, and Chinese Respect for the Dead buried antiquities in the shape of preserved cgg·~, a~ green as advanced gor- "11 old carpenter has had his shop gonzola, and duugh strings, and steamed by the church in Tsicheo for twentybread, and tough goat. Ve came to the seven years. He did well in busine~s conclusion that the Chinese were a hardy for mi:l11Y years until flood, disease race. and two opium-smoking sons brol1ght the family to poverty. For two years A Week Without 1 God they have not been able to pay the A missionary writes: China's most important god is absent rent, "hich is 40,000 cad1 or about this week. "Tsao Shin," or the Kitchen $22 per year. He died a few weeks ago, and was buried in a coffin for God, is a piece of paper pasted over the which he hac! been offered 400,00:) kettle or place where food is made; he ;, supposed to reside in the southwest "orner of the room, his favorite spot. cash. This amount of money was There are no temples to him, but he is sufficient to hire eight carpenters for worshiped in every heathen home in a year, or pay his rent ten times over. t'le empire. Last Sunday night he was They could have purchase<1 a very everywhere torn down and burnt, that 'Ie might ascend to heaven. and there good coffin for one-twentieth of this make his report of the household affairs sum. ~evertheless the" obeved what since loot year to the Gem Emperor of I suppose was his requ'est al1cl bnried ITeaven. He is absent this week. This Sunday night, being Chinese New Year him in the most expensive coffin that (Feb. 2(1), the people will paste up fresh has been in Tsicheo for many a vear. papers, and the Kitchen G?d will ret~rn, Again, a very poor woman', a ri'1emfor another year of serVIce as arbiter over the family affairs. Tho worshiped, ber of the Church. died recentlY. Relatives owed her more than 30,000 he nor his reports seem to be much fcaret!. The origin of this popular deity cash, which is a year's wages of an seems to be in the memory of the first ordinary laborer. She prest them to man who rubbed two sticks together and give her even a part of the debt to thus produced the first fire. relieve her distress, but thev would do nothing for her. AJmost'the only The Prodigious Task in China Two facts may give some concep- help she had at last came from' the tion of the vastness of the problem Church. It was expected that the of the evangelization of China. In burial expenses would have to be met the United li'ree Church of Scotland, by subscription also. Hence it was there are some 1,600 ministers. That quite a surprize when these same relais about equal to, if not more than, the tives. who bad been so indifferent to total number of male missionaries in her suffering while she lived, now China. Suppose that the ministers came and provided her with a fairly of the United li'ree Church were the good coffin, and allowed her to be only trained forces to supply the buried according to the usages of the ,-piritual needs of Great Britain, the Church.-REv. V. E. ::L:'-<LY, 111 l'nited States, France, Germany, World-Zl'idc Jfissiolls.

Russia, Austria, Italy and Spain, in Wheelbarrow-riding China when could the' overtake the task?

But the population of China is equal A journey by wheelbarrow in China to the total population of all these must be an unforgettable experience.

lands. Here is another fact: If all The barrow is a clumsy machine, with the Bibles, Testaments and Scripture a narrow seat on each ~icle of a central Portions that have ever been pnblished partition, while the dismal screech of Iw the British and Foreign American the one wheel revolving 011 its wooden a;1(l Scottish ? ational Bible Societies axle is worse than the sound of filing could be put into the hands of the a saw. Mounted on this, the traveler Chinese people, a single copy to each. is trundled and jolted along mere one-fourth of the population would track? or upon roads which. in still be left withont a copy.-.l1issioll- drought or frost, are "like a rough ary Record. sea solidified." A sub-agent of our

society, writing from Chefoo about a on duty, and when the horse began to journey he took in one of these un- browse on the shrubs he protested. The comfortable vehicles, alludes occasion- soldier answered with a kick and, after ally to the disadvantages of this a scuffle, followed the fleeing sexton into method of traveling in such remarks the house of Rev. 'Y. A. Noble, where as the following: "Ve had bad he overtook the fugitive in a bedroom weather and could ,only travel slowly, and laid open his flesh with a bayonet, through quagmires and streams." dragged him down-stairs to the dining- ()r: "Ve passed the day in a barn, rooll1 and gave him a parting beating as the barrow-men were afraid to and a kick. The missionary was not at venture over the snow." Again: home, but his wife saw it all, and lost "The sandy river-beds we had to cross no time in notifying the Japanese civil and plow through with our barrows authorities; aI~d, after examination, he made it very difficult to get on, al- was charged WIth assault and battery and tho they had but a light load."-Biblc intrusion upon a private dwelling, and in the W arId. was tried by a court-martial, found guilty upon both counts and given the JAPAN AND KOREA maximum punishment-imprisonment for two months. Furthermore, the court Russian and Japanese Dead deemed the regiment must be at fault in which a private could be guilty of such A very impressive interchange of a misdemeanor. Accordingly, the .colinternational courtesies has recentlv onel, the major, and the captain were taKen place between the Russians an~l sentenced, respectively, to three, five and the Japanese. When Port Arthur seven days' confinement in their OWI1 fell manv thousands of the Russian quarters. And, finally, the lieutenant dead were buried there, their graves whose horse had been the unwitting not always marked. Russia asked cause of all this trouble, was sentenced leave to gather together the remains to five days of the same sort of punishof her soldiers and to erect a tomb ment, because it must be known throughover them. Japan, whose flag flies out the army that a brigade aide-de-camp over Port Arthur, asked for permis- must have his orderly under better consion to do this dutv as an honor to trol! the Russian dead. -Some weeks ago the ceremonies of dedication were A Changed Life performed. Russia and Japan joined in sympathy. The Emperor of Japan In the city of Osaka lives a man had ordered General N ogi to preside named Katsuji Aikawa, who spent at the unveiling. Sailors of the sixteen years and nine 1110nths in Japanese Navy carried a battle-stained prison and at one time was feared by Hag to the tomb and lowered it. A all who knew him as a most desperate Japanese regiment guarded the monu- and hopeless criminal. ment. which is beautiful and imposing. Russia sent two generals and an ad- He was once a sergeant of the pomiral. The religious ceremony was lice at Yokohama, but was an unconducted by the Bishop of Peking, scrupulous and reckless fellow. A who had assistants, both Chinese and foreigner engaged in teaching the Russian. policemen one day gave him an Eng- lish copy of the New Testament. Japanese Discipline in Korea Aikawa simply took it and threw it into the fire. After he had received This very interesting incident ap- and burned three Testaments in sucpears in the Christian Advocate: cession, his heart was touched by the man's kindness, but while he kept the Not long since a Japanese soldier was fourth copy, he had no desire to read leading a horse through the' city of it. As a result of his riotous and evil Pyeng Yang, when he was attracted by ways he was finally sent to prison. the green grass about the Methodist church, and led the animal through the Being looked upon as a criminal gate. The watchful Korean sexton was and outcast, he conceived a feeling of hatred for all mankind, and plunged recklessly into crime and was punished again and again.

A severe sickness led him to deter-

GENERAL MISSIONARY

mine tu change his course, and he AFRICA sought the guidance of a Puddhist The Curle of Sectarianism in Egypt priest. But the priest only mocked him as a wretch too vile for It might be that if fewer Christian consideration. creeds were represented in Egypt, It happened that there ,,,as an Mohammedanism would not be so earnest Christian among the keepers strong; for those creeds often are at of the prison and to him he told his distress. The man took a copy of war among themselves. This has the Xew Testament from his pocket, been the historv for centuries. There saying, "It is contrary to the regula- is the Greek Church, the Armenian, tions to give anything to prisoners, the Catholic, the Coptic, Evangelical but I have so l11uch sympathy for you Protestantism of various denominathat I am willing to risk my position tions, and there are also Jewish to help you," and, saying this, he synagogues. The feuds of the Chrisgave it to him. tian Church when Alexandria was the seat of authoritv, and the result of Aikawa opened it and read as far these divisions a~d the creeping in of as the Sermon on the }flaunt, and human ambition, have been very then threw it awav, but the Christian vividly described by Charles Kingsley keeper prayed that God would open in his "Hypatia." Alexandria to-day the man's heart to the truth, is what it was when Kingsley wrote of it, except that Mohammedanism is Selling Temple Dust the dominant religious and political power, ancl the Christian sects, while The following account of a man who disunited, are not so quarrelsome obtains a livelihood by collecting and among themselves as they were in the selling dirt and mud is from the Kobe century of which Kingsley wrote.

Herald: There is a very fine Greek church, and also a sp~cious edifice of the There is a man named Unosuke Yama- Church of England. American mis- sions are not represented by showy moto, aged sixty-five, whose daily avo- edifices, but their influence is very cation it has been since he was four- marked.-Bombay Guardian. teen years old, and will be for the rest of his life, to gather all the dust whic.h is left in the Kannon Temple in Asa- kusa by thousands of visitors who daily The New Sultan of Morocco repair thither to worship, and sell it A.bd-el-Aziz, the Sultan of Morocco, at a high price. He never lacks patrons or purchasers of this particular dust, as who combines a taste for modern in- it ever meets with enthusiastic patronage ventions with Moslem fanaticism, has at the hands of geisha and other fashionable characters who are more or been defeated bv Mulai Hafid, the claimant to the throne. Abd-el-Aziz less characterized with strong supersti- has fled into exile, and it seems probtion. What do they do with the dust'

They sprinkle it over small patches of able that the new Sultan will be ground just in front of their. houses. or recognized by Europe and America. other suitable places, the Idea bel11g He is unfriendly to missionaries, and somewhat of a paradoxical nature; for may be expected to place every diffi- culty in the way of the Gospel that they consider that the spot is hallowed by this sacred dust taken from the feet of devout pilgrims, and consequently the European governments will allow.

brings in many blessings and prosperity.

Naturally enough, the man handles the Native Workers Forging to the Front dust as he does sugar or salt, and never There is much to encourage the regards it as "cheap as di~t"; fo~ it s~p­ careful reader of the reports in regard ports both himself and hiS famll.y qUlt.e comfortably. The best part of hiS busl- to the actual work done by the native ness i~ that the more the rest of the Christians. It can not be doubted world suffers from the stings of "hard that the great majority of the 1,400 times," the more prosperous his business baptisms of adult converts reported grows.-C. M. S. Gazette.·

to the last synod of western Equa- :ipuke to them had a complete right to torial .~frica. the 3.783 in L'ganda, the their full surrender and submission.

I.S()9 in South India, the I,082 in The' continued to ask the most aston- China, are. the fruit of native evan, ishi~g questions and could not hear gelistic work. The baptisms of spe- enough of Him. And to make sure cially interesting individuals, which in of the coming of the one teacher, with former days would each have been the whom they were willing to be satissubject of a long letter fr0111 the mis- fied in the beginning, they at once sionary for publication, are now, being selected a place for the station to be the work of the native clergyman, sel- built.

dom heard of: snch, for instance, as In South Ndogobengegi, the chief, the recent baptism by Canon Nihal Sada. begged for the sending of a Singh of an influcntial Hindu fakir, teacher so pitifully that his request and by the Rev. Ihsan GlIah of his ''as finally granted. To try the sinown brother after twenty years of cerity of this chief. he ,'as told by the 'aiting-both these clergymen well missionary to deliver up all his instruremembered by manv in England. In ments of sorcery. A terrific struggle western Equatorial' .~frica-that is, with self ensued, for he had inherited the old Yoruba and 0."iger missions- the magic instruments from father anel the larger part of this evangelistic grandfather. He lifted one after the work is done uncler the direct adminis- other from the little basket in which tration of the native church councils. he kept them, and looked at each with and the total number of Christians has great longing. Then he selected a multiplied threefold in ten years, from few, more dear to him than others, 8.000 to 24.000; in L"ganda, as is well intending to keep them back. But known, it is done without English when he was told lovingly that Gor! mone', tho not without English admin- demanded a surrender of all. he put all i s t r a t i o n .. , instruments into the basket. closed it.

Heathen Longing for the Truth and handed it to the missionary, say- 11 r. ]. Hofmeister, a missionary of ing, "Oh, do not deceive me. I want the German Baptists in Kil;merun, Ger- to know the truth, and I desire a man yVest .~frica, tells in a very in- teacher to :-how it to me. " Thus comes teresting manner of the readiness of the 1Iacedonian crv to us from Darkthe heathen. to whom he preaches, to est Africa to-day..

receive the Gospel. In Ndgobon the Taxes on the Kongo people were so hungry for salvati<;l11, that they accepted the message, whIch The Rev. G. S. ] cffrey, of lkau, he brought, as a direct personal mes- writes: sage to themselves, and they imme- The Chef de Zone. Commandant Ainti, diatelv decided that the Word of God recently sent his secretary to take the must be their rule of conduct in future. names and approximate ages of all our . . . When he told them that they men and boys. He produced letters from the Governor-General and the Commis- now must give up all works of dark- saire of the District as his authority fur ness, especially magic and witchcra.ft, which are so closelv connected WIth this ahicm. In accordance with a new heathen living, because they are false- law-June, 1907-all our men and boys over fifteen years are to pay an annual tax of 14 francs, 40 cents. which tax must hood and evil, they were immediately be paid on or after July ISt. I protested ready to do this. They said, "It is that such a tax was exorbitant. and in true, we have never gained anything many cases would take nearly all the earnings of a year to meet. Our workmen by magic nor have we found satisfac- receive 700 rods (285.) and the boys 400 tion in it. We will give it up, but you rods (16s.) for the year, and as the State must give us the truth. It was clear to them at once that the loving Father reckons rods at 5 francs per lOa, our poor of whom the Christian missionary fellows will have little or nothing for themselves. Money! Never mind how you get it! seems to be the maxim of

GEN"ERAL lIISSIO:.~RY INTELLIGENCE 79

King Lcoj)olll. Ye as a mission really the funeral of a Protestant 111 which pay oeveral francs' tax for each man we two things were done that formerl' employ, and now these very men have were not permissible-the burial i;l likewise to contribute to the royal cof- the public cemetery and the reading fers, This is the way his Majesty helps of part of the Protestant ritual. Both forward Christian missions.-Regions Be- at the house and at the cemetery many ,'ond.

Progress in Gennan East Africa Roman Catholic neighbors liste"ned at- tentively to the reading of the burial The Leipzig }Iissionary Society service. Thus an added opportunity has a station at :lenl, at the foot of for bearing public testimony is given Kilimanjaro, The first two mission- to the Methodist workers in .Madeira. aries who went to that region were -World-zl,jdc lV!issiolls. murdered in 1896, in a rising of the natives agail1st the Germans, before Praise for Missionaries they had time to begin their work. The following tribute to the work But as soon as a settled government of foreign missions in Papua, New was established fresh missionaries Guinea, is paid by the government were sent out to the countn', which secretary, the acting administrator, in is described as a very garde~ of God, his annual report for 1907: with health v mountain air, fresh cool, water, gree;l fields, groves of bananas, It would be probably quite safe fur a and gLorious views. The inhabitants white man to travel unarmed from the are largely of the Masai race; they Purari Delta to the German boundaryused to live by cattle-raiding, but now far safer than to walk at night throug:1 the German Government has put a parts of some of the cities of Europe and stojl to that, they lounge about and Australia-and this is largely due to the drink beer, and all the agriculture efforts of the London Missionary Society that is carried on is done by their and the Anglican mission, while the setwOlllen. Yet even among these hard tled and orderly condition of the southheathen hearts the, stOf' of the cross is winning its way. A few have come eastern islands and the Mekeo and Knni forward and asked for "more teach- districts reflect similar credit upon the ing about the history of Gocl," The Wesleyan and Catholic missions respectfirst baptisms in }Ierulancl took place ively. The debt which the government in 1905. and a little Christian church was founded. "rVe can not see into owes to the missions is therefore far the hearts of men," the missionary greater than any amount which they may Totc. "but I believe that these I I contribute to the revenue by way of cus- toms, and it is gratifying to see that Mr. Lawrence (L. ~I. S. missionary) appre- ciates so highly whatever assistance the government has been able to give in re- turn.-L. M. S. Chroniclc.

young souls are truly in earnest."- AMERICA Dcr Jlissiolls-FrclIlld. The Anglo-St.xon M an Evt.ngelizer ISLANDS OF THE SEA .-s in the past, so in the future, A Protestant Funeral in Mt.deirt. the Anglo-Saxon race will be the mis- sionary race. It belongs to the genius Slowly the walls of bigotry fall of the race. It conrses in its blood.

a way 111 JI a<1eira. The faithful It is a dominant passion to right preaching and living of the Gospel things, which burns in its heart. It bv lIethodist missionaries for Years, is a regal race, It has been conquer- f;llowed up by Bishop Har-tzeJl's ing ever since it emerged from the work with cabinet ministers in Lis- forests of northern Europe. It con- bon, have resulted in a changed atti- quered tribes and absorbed them. tude toward the matter of burying It conquered kingdoms when they lay Protestants in Portuguese cemeteries, in its path of empire. And when which the R n 1l1an Catholics consider there were no more kingdoms to con- "consecrated ground." Recently the quer, it fell upon the unpopulated Rev. William G. Smart conducted wilds of America and Australia, and

made them to blossom as the rose. of the Cnited States was 191,078 . It fell upon the kingdoms of the sea, .dding the increase for this period in the air and the earth, and their treas- I907 to the decrease for the corre- ures it has dragged behind its vic- sponding period in {(J08, the actual torious chariots. From the heights of difference for the corresponding its splendor it looked down upon the periods of the two years is seen to be weaker peoples toiling in the dark- 76 5,034. ness and slavery of superstition, ignorance and wickedness, and snatch- Christian Activity in Chicago ing up the sword of the Spirit, the Word of God, and filled with a con- According to a statement recently suming desire to make Christ known published by A. P. Fitt: to them as the Savior and friend of man, it has sought to evangelize the The Baptist Missionary Training School world. This, by all odds, is the big- in Chicago has just erected a magnificent gest undertaking of the Anglo-Saxon new building with accommodations for race. Its past is the prophecy of the 200 students (women only). The Chi- future. As it has succeeded hitherto, cago Training School (Methodist Episit will succeed henceforth.-Christian copal) is also erecting a new building Observer. that will accommodate upwards of IOO more students (women only). The fol- Immigration Falling Off lowing figures regarding the Moody Bi- ble Institute speak for themselves. They During the first six months of the represent a steady growth in strictly enyear, ending June 30, the total num- rolled students in the regular course, and ber of immigrants reaching the shores do not include hundreds more enrolled of the United States was 186,586, as in the evening, correspondence and exagainst 739,748 for the correspond- tension departments. ing period of 1907. This is a falling off of 553,162. In addition to this Winter term (Jan., to Apr.) … 1907 1908 there has been a remarkable increase in the number of outward bound steer- Men ………………… 207 277 age' passengers. In the six months Women ……………… 126 140 ('nding June 30, I908, the number of aliens who returned from the United Total …. , …………. 333 417 States to the land of their birth, as Summer term (May to Aug.) shown by the statistics kept by the steamship companies, was 377,664. Men ………………. 2IO 245 Comparing these figures with the Women ……………… 94 lIS number of arriving immigrants, ie perceive the very remarkable fact that Total ……………… 304 363 the laborers leaving this country exceedeel those coming in by I91,078. Church Brotherhoods Cooperate Vith a rearrangement of the figures and one other item not yet mentioned, A.ccording to the ::ew York Tribanother interesting fact is brought une, a movement has arisen for out. The aliens coming into the uniting all the men's organizations of l.'nited States in the first six 1110nths evangelical religious bodies in this country in a loose general body that of 1907 were 739,748: those going shall make possible the free interout were 155,792: the increase to the change of plans and ideas of leaders, so that some C0111l11on purposes which foreign population of the e nited States are held by the various brotherhoods may be pursued in unity and harmony. was 573,956. In the corresponding The scheme has not as yet taken defiperiod of 1908 the aliens com- nite shdpe, but there ha~ already been ing in were only I55,956, while those held one conference of leaders, at going out were 377,664: the decrease, which were represented the Episcotherefore, in the foreign. population pal Brotherhood of St. Andrew, the Presbyterian Brotherhood, the 11en's Movement of the United Pres- byterian Church, the Brotherhood of St. Paul of the Methodist Church, the Interdenominational Brotherhood

j GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

of Andrew and Philip and organiza- owni A gentleman and his wife, who tion committees which are working are already doing great things for the for brotherhood movements in the Kingdom, relinquished a cherished Baptist and Congregational bodies. summer trip in order to provide Besides these, the Wesley Brother- $400 to send out one of these workers.

hood of the Methodist Church and Another offered $400 to send out one, an organization among the United and a little later took another, and still Brethren of Christ have by corre- later added $200 to what he had al- spondence exprest approval of the plan. ready given, and the next morning added $1,500 to the $1,000 that he had A Great Men', Meeting at Montreat previously given, making $2.500 in The second summer conference of all. A preacher and his wife gave the Laymen's Missionary Movement $2,250 as a special thank-offering for of the Southern Presbyterian Church blessings received. It seemed to be infectious, this atmosphere of giving. was held at Montreat, N. c., Au- The Spirit of the Lord had come upon this little company of about 400 peogust 8-9, and will be long remem- ple and they were "offering thembered by those present. Practical selves willingly in the day of God's themes for business men were dis- power," for they were His people. cust by both preachers and laymen, Within less than twenty-eight hours' nearly $20.000 was offered, and all and it was evident that the Spirit of these twenty new workers can now be God was mightily stirring the hearts sent to the field. while the remainder of those present. A continuous chain of prayer lasting the two days of the conference was in progress in a little tent on the hillside. will no doubt be used for· the better The high-tide came at the last equipment of the work.

meeting on Sunday night, when a CAMERON JOHNSON.

great appeal was made by Dr. D. Baptist Missionat)" Success Clay Lilly, followed by a practical appeal by Mr. J. Campbell White.' In the thought of numbers lament- Then one of the secretaries of the ably large, the returns from mission- Board of Foreign Missions presented ary toil and giving are puny to the a paper containing a list of twenty insignificant and contemptible; and young men and women under appoint- yet, if the facts in the case were mas- ment for foreign service, whose sal- tered, a very different conclusion aries had been already raised, but all would be compelled. Take this state- of whom were being held back for ment as a specimen: The Baptist the lack of the needed money to pro- :l1issionary Union received last year vide for outfit and passage. One to its churches in unevangelized hinds after another, individuals arose and no less than 10.559 members; if offered to take a hand in sending out Europe be included; 20,346. The these laborers into the harvest-fields. number first given means more than Rich and poor alike "offered will- 108 churches, each with more than 100 ingly" according as the Lord had members.

prospered them. There were many Sweeping Victories for Temperance who could give only single dollars, and others five dollars, and others The year 1908 promises to be the ten, twenty-five, fifty, one hundred. greatest in the history of the temper- One offer~d his cottage-lot on the ance movement. The record of saloon mountain-side valued at $200 ; a annihilation during the first six young farmer lad. whose heart was months excelled every record for a interested already in the work and similar length of time during the past who had recently sent in $100 to century. From January I to July I the mission board, pledged $400 over 6,000 saloons were abolished by to send out a missionary of his the votes of the people in the various

States. ;t the prescnt time over Convention, these gifts show a devo- 35,000,000 of the population in the tion to all the fields in which the de- G nited States, according to the 1900 nomination is at work. The union has census, are living in "dry" territory. recently begun the undertaking of Of this number, 23,750,000 are liv- supplying trained women workers ing in territory "dry" under local both at home and abroad. It has esoption, 4.000,000 in territory "dry" tablished a missionary training school by Federal or local decree. The popu- in Louisville, Ky., with a broad. thorlation in the prohibition States is ough, and pra~tical curriculum, and 7,3 19,5 16. opportunities for city mission work.

From the standpoint of the "wet" During the two decades since the and "dry" territory, 1,215,000 square organization of the Woman's Mismiles are "dry" under local option; sionary L'nion, Southern Baptist 445,000 square miles "dry" by Federal women have made money gifts or local decree; while 407,602 square amounting to $1,262,000, yet in view miles are "dry" under State prohibi- of the enlarged responsibilities and tion; 1,480,144 square miles of terri- opportunities of to-day, one feels that tory still remain "wet.·' the significance of these figures lies onlv in the enlargement they promise A Plan for Giving by Apportionment for' the future.-EDITH CAMPBELL Tho having no connection with CL]{KE. the Laymen's Movement, a movement is abroad to systematize giving by ap- Modification of the Chinese Exclusion Laws portioning the amounts required among the States, and then by sub- In a recent issue of the Pacific dividing the same among the local Baptist appears an account of a churches. Thus the Baptists in the mass-meeting held a few weeks ago recent Oklahoma Convention pro- in Los Angeles, Cal., in the interests vided for a budget of $1,500,000 to of a modification of the present Chicover not only the current appropria- nese exclusion laws. The aim was tions and existing debts, but to givc not the repeal of the laws, but the each society a small working capital. modification of the stringencies an(l Of this sum, when raised, the Mis- hardships attending the enforcement sionary Union is to have $767,000; of the present laws. The first meet- The Home Missionary Society, $588,- ing was presided over by Dr. Robert 220; and the Publication Society, ]. Burdette, and resolutions were $144,780. Thirty-six States are to presented at that time, urging that a be enlisted in this enterprise through Chinese residing in America be alcommittees now being organized, and lowed to return to China and bring to whom, as in the case of the Con- to the United States his wife and gregational apportionment plan, will minor children. fall the duties of superintending the raising of the money in their own The resolutions further suggest States. that if a Chinese has been three years in the United States and produces a Work of Southern Baptist Women certificate. regular upon its face, the burden of proof shall rest upon the The Woman's Missionary Gniol1, United States Government to show auxiliary to the Southern Baptist Con- that the said Chinese is unlawfully vention, celebrated this spring its here. At present the Chinese is suptwentieth anniversary. At the con- posed to be guilty until he can prove vention at Hot Springs, Ark., May that he is innocent. Many Chinesc 14-17, the treasurer reported gifts for have been the dupes of designing men. this year amounting to $190,154.21. and have been deported on account As the Woman's Missionary Union of some trivial technicality in the works in cooperation with both the certificates. The possession of cer- Home and the Foreign Board of the tificates regularly issued,' and the

ly08J GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

proof of long residence in this coun- single year in the Church's missionary try, should be prillla facie evidence in history can show so good a record.

favor of the Chinese subject. It is a cause for confidence for the L. A. GOULD. fut~lre that the increase in money of- A Japanese Church in Seattle fenngs should be accompanied by I~rger gifts of life.-Spirit of Mis- One of the most progressive developments in Christian work in SlOIlS.

Seattle, Wash., during the past year Presbyterian Missionary Responsibility has been that of the Japanese Con- The Board of Foreign llissions of gregational Church, established at the our Presbyterian Church has issued time of the Christian Endeavor Con- a bulletin setting forth what seems to vention, held here last summer, when b~. the distinct missionary responsi- Rev. T. Sawaya, the secretary of the bilIty of our own branch of the Christian Endeavor Society in Japan, united with Dr. F. J. Van Horn and a Church. The facts as to the present number of the Christian Japanese of proportions of our work are as the city to organize the church. The church was organized with a member- follows: Our Church has 948 Ameriship of about 20 young men and can missionarv workers in the field women. The congregation imm<;- and these ha;e 3,000 native worker~ cliately called to its pastorate, from associated with them in 28 missions Japan, Rev. R. Inouye, whose work found in IS countries, having 148 has been 1110st successful, particularly stations and 2,000 out-stations. In among the Japanese young men. these missions are SIO organized The regular Sunday evening audiences now number on an average 100, and churches, with 85,487 communicants, once a month Rev. R. Inouye speaks and over 10,000 new members were at a meeting for young men in the added ,last vear. This is nearly three Japanese Association Hall, which is times the rate of increase in th~ Presalways filled to its capacity, and fre- byterian Church in this country. quently scores are turned away for lack of room. The congregation There arc 91,471 who are studvirig hopes that with the. present rate of the Bible in the Sabbath-school~ of growth it will be possible to erect a those missions. From our seven pubbuilding of its own by next year. lishing houses 139,261,403 pages of the Growth in Episcopal Missions Scriptures and other Christian litera- ture were issued in 27 different languages. 'Ve have 39,616 students in 1,171 schools and colleges, and 269 are preparing for the ministrv. As J ttly 20 a service was held in to our work of medical miss(ol1S, it the chapel of the Church Missions may be said that over 400,00a patients House, as a Godspeed for 7 members were treated in 57 hospitals and 59 of the staff of some of the distant dispensaries, in charge of 101 Ameri- missions returning to their work, and can medical missionaries and nurses.

for 29 going out for the first time. -Hcrald and Presbyter.

The holy communion was celebrated Work of Presbyterian Women by the general secretary, assisted by the associate secretarv. With the de- Thirty-eight years ago a national so- parture of these rec;uits the number ciety was formed, which the next year of additions to the staff of the distant reported 37 auxiliaries, 12 of which mission since September 1st, 1907, had assumed the support of a mission- will reach the gratifying total of 69. ary; 25 mission bands; 15 mission- This number includes both men and aries, and in money, $5,244.96.

. women, and covers such domestic To-clay the society supports 237 fields as Alaska, the Philippines, Porto missionaries, and the contributions Rico, Honolulu and Panama, as well for the year just closed were as the foreign districts. No other $193,327; $4,165 of which is special

gl±ts to lIlissionaries for special work whole day and night before they The entire contributions through the were rescued by government troops. thirty-eight years have reached the ~hile the convention was in session splendid total of $4,920,268.32. the visitors received only courtesy on every hand. The governor of the Is It a Lack of Nerve? State permitted the convention to visit in a body the historic old prison, The Illterior is troubled because La Alh6ndiga, from whose parapets the Presbyterian board of missions ninety-seven years ago, dangled the can find ,{o competent man to carry heads of the patriots who fought with on its work on the Isthmus of Panama. Hidalgo for their country's freedom. It says: The governor also met and cordially welcomed a committee from th~ Just think whet t a shame it will be Young People's societies, sending a to Presbyterianism if the board announces ple2sant message to the convention, that it can't ilnd in the whole Church a and expressing the desire to possess tirst-class man with the nerve-not to a collection of the essays and disspeak of the zest-for its Panama joh! courses which might b~ presented Uncle Sam's best engineer and medical during the sessions. .11 of which officers arc proud to be sent to the canal goes to show that Protestantism and z()ne. The Government hasn't any trou- religious liberty are making great ble, either, in getting capable young; strides in Mexico; and one of the pofellows fur the necessary clerical work tent factors in this progress has alin its canal offices, or even for foreman- Nays been the work of the American ships out where the digging is being Bible Societv." done. Koreans and Syrians in Yucatan Uprising of Toronto Saints The effect of the Gospel in bring- The Laymen's Forward .;Iovement ing different races together is not reports tl;at after a few meetings ~et full v understood bv Christians at amI a few hours of discussion, 20 home. "Enlightenment'comes through Presbyterian churches in Toronto such an incident as this. ~ear have "advanced their giving for mis- .lIerida, in Yucatan, a number' of sions from $27,833 to $9°,7°0; some Koreans are at work on a Mexican .nglican churches from $20,C)00 to plantation. Some of them were put $58,050; and seven. Congregational in prison for refusing to work on churches from $2,365 to $4,75°. Sunday. Investigation showed that clmost all the Presbvterian churches the Koreans are Christians, who rehave adopted the we;kly envelop sys- fuse to violate their consciences. tem. The totals for the three bodies They have won their liberty, attracted advance from $51,3°0 to $154,200. attei-ttion to their faith, and so found fellowship in the Presbyterian mission A Marvel in Mexico church at Merida. They understand very little Spanish as yet, but they In a report of the work of the have their Testaments and hV111n- American Bible Society in Mexico books brought from Korea, and ~njoy during the past fiscal "year, the so- meeting with the evangelical Mexican ciety's agent relates that one of the congregation every Sunday. In that 1110st notable features of the present same congregation at Merida are two development of .lT exico is the growth Syrians, converted in a Presbyterian of religious tolerance. In June, says mission station on JIount Lebanon, the report, "over 600 Protestants of in Syria, and using their Arabic all denominations gathered in Guana- Bibles to follow the Spanish-speakjuato for a convention of Sabbath- ing preacher at the mission in this school workers and Young People's out-of-the-way corner of Mexico, So societies. Thirty years ago Protestant missionaries were stoned and driven out of this same city of Guanajuato, and one may still see the house in which they were besieged for a

FOR THE MJSSTONARY LIBRARY

every Sunday the ends uf the earth 'ales, Ireland and the colonies meet in Meri~la to praise the one Lord which amounted to $1,6f)().040, ill ad- and Savior of all.-Americall JI cs- dition to almost as much more re- sengcr. ceived at the cathedral doors. In receiving this the Archbishop of Can- EUROPE terbury said: The Next Ecumenical Council This morning. in thankfulness and hope, we make an offering-the natural Eight years have passed since the acknowledgment of what great things , memorable Ecumenical Conference in God hath done for us. "The silver is mine and the gold is mine. saith the New York; and plans are already' un- Lord of hosts." Ve who are here, and der way for the next conference, tens of thousands. remember, who are which will mark the passing of a dec- not here but far awCly, offer these things ade. It is to be held in Edinburgh, thankfully to the direct service of ad- Scotland, in June, 1910. One has vancing H is kingdom among men. But only to think of the changes that have more; we desire to offer not what we taken place in the mission fields of have only, but what we are. Some of us the world since the conference of 1900 ha 'e offered-very many of us, I ~on­ to realize that from the viewpoint of tidcntly believe, can offer-our working the missionarv work it is almost a new lives unreservedly to go where the need world that is'to be surveyed and dis- is greatest and to "tell it out among the cust in the Edinburgh Conference.- heathen that the Lord is King." "The Missiollar.y Herald. sjlver is mine and the gold is mine, saith the Lord of hosts," But that is not alL The London Missionary Exhibition "The latter glory of this Hot1se"-the living Church of God-"shall be greater The exhibition entitled "The (lrient than the former, saith the Lord of in London" was opened on J tll1e 4 hosts," The outcome of our great mus- by ::1r. Ninston Churchill, President tering and our 111(:'llY 'words B1USt, God of the London Boarel of Trade. The helping us, be this-that the Society of immense Agricultural Hall was none Jesus Christ on earth, the society to too large for the variety of exhibits which you and I belong. shall strive from missions in all parts of the In()re valiantly, IllOre persistently, l110re world, the series of pageants, full of hopefully than eyer before to mend what glow and color, representing episodes is broken and crooked, what is ignorant in the history of mission work, the and amiss in the world around us, and sixteen thousand voluntary helpers to hast,en on earth the coming of the who assisted in the exhibition, and for K111gdol1l of our Lord. the crowds of visitors from all parts of Great Britain. Through this Statu, of the Largest Missionary Society exhibition many who would have re- mained ignoran't or indifferent learned The Church ::Iissionan' Society re- something of missions. 11r. Churchill ports an income of $1,961,480; i:,361 said: "We have possest the faculty missionaries, of whom 413 are clergy- of enthusiasm for great causes which men, and 425 unmarried women; do not immediately affect us. VIe 8,133 native agents, of whom 372 have learned that no man and no class are clergymen and 2 are bishops; or nation can ever raise itself except by trying to raise others, too." 97489 communicants; 344.760 ad- herents, and 23,081 adults and children This exhibition was a great edu- baptized last year; 'itI! 146,038 cational event of untold value to the pupils in schools of all grades. missionary cause and to those who gained from it a world-wide view. Sir Robert Hart English Churchmen as Givers Under the title, "A Great Meth- odist Administrator," a writer in the At the recent Pan-Anglican Con- Methodist Timcs tells in brief the gress in London, a thank-offering was storY of what this now famous man presented from England, Scotland, has'done in and for China. After almost fiftv vears of service in the Orient, Sir'Robert has returned to his OWI1 conntry to enjoy, if it be God's

will, a well-earned rest and the fel- peets to enter UJl()ll Christian work ltl'ship of his own people. The in Lian-thung, and they are planning writer j l1stifies his caption by speak- to pay the salary of a missionary in ing of Sir Robert Hart as "one Madras, ] ndia, hoping that he will who, tho unattached to the Church of work more ~I1d more among the young his fathers for many years, yet evi- men of I n<i1a. At the same time much (knced throughout his long life, care is given by the different associathrough many difficulties, much that tions to the study of the missioll is best in her teaching, and always fields, and the Danish Y. M. C. A. cherished a genuine affection for her shows that it is as much interested in well-being." .'nd the Times adds: the work among the Y0l1l1g men abroad as among those at -home. The Not until Chinese historiographers, number of Y. .M. C. A.'s in Denmark when the last Emperor of the present is about 300, with a membership of dynasty sleeps his last long sleep, shall 20,000, The Y. W. C. A. has nearly write up the history of the last fifty the same membership and is also verv momentous years of Chinese struggles much interested in foreign missions, – for light, will the world approximately know the wonderful achievements of this A Good Worker in Ital,.. clear-headed, tender-hearted, unassuming Irishman; not nntil the final appraise- .' few years ago a young housement of human actions will the number <lnd extent of his private deeds of kind- painter, Maximilian Tosetto, who had ness be summed up and appraise(I. gone to Milan for employment was at- Danish Y. M. C. A.'s and Missions tracted to one of the mission ahtalhls~ From statements of the secretary and he became interested in wh of the Danish Y. M. C. A., published in the Eva/lgc/isches ;llissiolls-IVlaga- heard. A few months later he went :::iIlC, we learn that the associations have taken an interest in foreign mis- to Chicago, and there found Christ in sions for some time. After the Russo- Japanese Var, it was decided to COI11- the Italian Evangelical Mission. Bemence work among the young Japanese immigrants upon the penin- coming concerned for his own counsula of Liao-thung, Manchuria, where the missionaries of the Danish Mis- trymen, the young man took a trainsionary Society are laboring, but the plan was given up because Japanese ing course as a Christian worker and Christians took up that work. Then a conference was called and delegates returned to his native village, Campifrom all parts of Denmark discnst the question whether or not the Y. glia dei Berici, to preach the Gospel. :'II. C. A, should take a deeper interest in foreign missions, The question The day after his arrival, February was unanimously affirmed and a secretary for foreign missions was 16, I 907, he began to preach in the elected. It is his duty to go up and down the land and to interest the public square, then the priests stirred Christian young men more thoroughly in foreign missions. Thus the mem- up opposition and persecution began. bers of the Y. M. C. A. in Denmark now take a very active interest in the He was obliged to give up public preaching of the· Gospel to the heathen. They have paid the ex- preaching and take to house-to-house . penses of the education of one young visitation. At his own expense he man who graduates this year and ex- bought Bibles and tracts for distribu- tion. Tosetto takes no account of his sufferings and gives all the glory to God for the harvest he has reaped.

Among those converted are Tosetto's father and sister, a shoemaker who had been a blasphemer, and several other men and women who have "wit- nessed a good confession." The priests are alarmed because the read- ing of the Bible by the people has caused a falling off in the number who at~encl mass. They are finding a more dIrect way of access to God.

THE MISSIONARY

THE ~EW HOROSCOPE OF :I1SSIONS. 121110, he brings forward as more recent examples, Khama, the South African 248 pp. James S. Dennis, D.D. $1.00, King; Dandi Kasagama, the King of net. Fleming l-l. Revell Co., Xew Uganda; Apolo Kagwa, the Baganda York. I 90S. statesman; pastors Marshal! and ;naman, Sir Samuel Lewis and The only objection we find to Dr. Bishop Phillips, all men of distinc- I}ennis' book is its ambiguous title. tion and fine Christian records, Iloroscope is too closely identified plucked as brands out of the fires of with the superstitious ideas and prac- African savagery. He instances Chief tises of astrology and the conjec- Paul's son in the Kongo State, Rainitural forecasts of coming events 011 trimo and Rasalama, in Madagascar; the basis of observations of the Gucheng and Pao in Lifu; Chang planets. This book is itself a demon- and Wang in Manchuria; Pastor stration that there is no "horoscope of Chia Chin, and Rev lap Han-cheong 1111SSIOns"-no divination by star- in China; Rev. Boon Boon-Itt in gazers, no calculation of nativities and Siam, and many others. This chapter occurrences by human systems of C011- might be expanded into a volume, and would prove a great accession to iecture. The volume is a refutation our missionarv literature. To our ;)f its name. minds, there is neither argument nor ;Ipology for missions that compares ill .side from this, like all Dr. conclusiveness with this-the actual Dennis' work, this series of lectures and undeniable fruits. Physical – takes a front rank. It is the course miracles have ceased, but there- runs on the John H. Converse foundation, an increasing current of spiritual mirdelivered at the McCormick Seminary, acles through modern mission history, Chicago, in I907. The book embraces which they would do well to observe four lectures and an appendix, and and study who find themselves takes up the "The New World Con- tempted to' eliminate the supernatural sciousness," "The Strategic Aspects factor from both the Bible and history. of the Missionarv Outlook," "The New Cloud of Witnesses," and the "Fresh Annals of the Kingdom." In the appendix, Dr. Dennis adds his address at the Parliament of Religions on "The Message of Christianity to THE LIFE OF JOHN WILKINSON. By Samuel ()ther Religions." Hinds V,'ilkinsoll. Svo, 350 pp. :vI or- The pen of this author never writes gan & Scott, London. 1908.

carelessly or in vain. His sentiments, This volume is a faithful, filial convictions and opinions are those of portrait of a remarkable father. We an intelligent and devout student of have known the subject of this the missionary problem. We have memoir for more than twenty years, felt unusual interest in the third lec- and with growing intimacy. He was ture and that on the "New Cloud of a man of one aim. He sincerely Witnesses." He estimates the num- sought first the Kingdom of God and ber of Protestant Church members in His righteousness, and he found that the mission field at I ,800,000, inclu- "all these things were added unto ding converts now dead. Out of him." Ve account it a great achieve- this cloud of witnesses he selects ment to exhibit and illustrate this representative cases. He refers to great fact that so few are ready to Africaner, Crowther, Tiyo Saga, in accept and appropriate that when- .frica: Krishna Pal in India; Ko- ever primary thillgs are put in the thahbyas in Burma; Epiteneto in the primary place, God adds the second- New Hebrides; Pomare in Tahiti; ary 'without our seekillg them at all; Neesima in Japan; Asaad-Esh-Shi- while, on the other hand, if we put diak in Syria; Kapiolani in Hawaii; the secondary in the place of the pri- Clement Maran in Melanesia. Then mary, we forfeit the primary altogether, and have no promise of secur- erence on the subject, it did not ing even the secondary. profess to be an encyclopedia, but a Mr. Wilkinson, like J. Hudson Tay- lor, and George Miiller, dared every- dictionary, and was prepared es- thing on the promise of God. And it is beautiful to see illustrated in pecially for the use of missionaries these three departments the same es- sential principles-Muller in orphan and Orientalists from an Anglo-In- work, Taylor in mission work in China, and Wilkinson in Jewish dian standpoint. The "Bibliotheque work at home and abroad. John Wilkinson entered on this work in Orientale," by D'Herbelot, 'is out of r854, and dropt it only when the Lord called him higher in 1907, so date, and general encyclopedias, even that there were fifty-three years of continuous and consecrated labor in the Britannica, do not give special atessentially the same sphere, the last thirty years being occupied with the tention to the subdivisions of the subso-called "Mildmay mission to the Jews." Mr. Wilkinson's motto was ject of Islam. This encyclopedia is "Ask God and tell His people." He used the two coordinate weapons of intended to contain every geographisupplication to God and information to men. How he succeeded this mod- cal, ethnographical and biographical est volume tells; and we commend it to all who do work among Israelites subject that has direct relation to or are interested in it. Islam and the Moslem world. Special ENZYKLOPAEJ)JE DES ISLAM. Geographisches, Ethnographisches und Biographisches attention is given to the literature Wortenbuch der Muhamrnedanischen Volker. Mit Unterstiitzung der Interna- under each topic and every article is tionalen Vereinigung der Akademien der Wissenschaften, und im Verein mit Her- signed. In this first part, for ex- vorragenden Orientalisten. Herausgege- ben von Dr. M. Th. Houtsma, Professor ample, many of the geographical an der Universtat Utrecht, Hauptredak- teur, und A. Schaade, Redaktcur. Leyden. articles are by Huart; the article on 1908. Slavery (ABD) by Th. W. J uynboll; The first part of the first volume of that on the Abd Allah, the Sultan a new encyclopedia of Islam has just been issued, and if the whole encyclo- of Morocco, by E. Doutte, and that pedia, which is to be complete in three large octavo volumes, reaches the on the present Sultan of Turkev also high mark of excellence shown by this first section frol11 A to Abd, the by Huart. The editorial comni'ission world of science and of missions will be greatly indebted to the Interna- appointed by the International Acadtional Academy of Sciences and the prominent Orientalists who have un- emy of Sciences consists of Prodertaken the preparation of this great work. fessor De Goeje, Leyden; Professor Altho Dr. Thomas P. Hughes' Von Karabacek, of Vienna, and Pro- "Dictionarv of Islam" has for many years been' the standard work of ref- fessor Goldhizer, of Budapest. The editor-in-chief is Professor Houtsma, of Utrecht, and the work is to be published in German by E. J. Brill, of Leyden. Fifteen parts will form the first volume, and it is hoped that the entire work will be completed by I920. It is unfortunate that in the preparation of so elaborate and schol- arly a work there seems to have been no provision for illustrations or maps, altho perhaps they will be added later. S. M. ZWEMER.

DESERT. MOUNTAIN AND ISLAND. By Von Ogden Vogt. Illustrated, Pamphlet. Presbyterian Board of Home Missions. ':' ew York. 1908.

These are studies on Indians of Arizona, New Mexico and Porto Rico as seen in the travels of the Young People's secretary. Mr. Vogt is graphic and forceful. The studies are to be commended to Young Peo- pie's societies.