The Missionary Review of the World — September 1930

PREPARE

COMING EVENTS can Board of Foreign Commissioners, died after a long illness May 9. Miss September 16-17 – COMMITTEE OF REF- Kyle was better known to Presbyterians .EKENCE AND COUNSEL, Foreign Mis- for her many years as chairman of the sions Conference of N. A., New committee on Christian literature for York, N. Y. women and children of the Orient, One of the important committees of the Federa- September 29-0ctober I-INTERDENOMI- tion of Women's Boards of Foreign Mis- NATIONAL MISSIONARY INSTITUTE, sions of North America. conducted by the Philadelphia Fed- eration of Churches and the Wom- *** en's Interdenominational Union of Philadelphia and Vicinity, Philadel- DR. CLIFFORD STUBBS, connected with phia, Pa. the Friends Service Council, stationed at Chengtu, Szechuen province, was killed September 30-0ctober 1 – EXECUTIVE while riding in a rickshaw in Chengtu COMMITTEE, Council of Women for on Friday, May 30. Dr. Stubbs arrived Home Missions, New York, N. Y. in China in 1913 from England and has been head of the chemistry department October 7-15-UNITED LUTHERAN of West China Union University. He is CHURCH, Milwaukee, Wis. survived by Mrs. Stubbs and several children. October' 9-GENERAL CONFERENCE, EVAN- GELICAL CHURCH, Milwaukee, Wis. *** October 14-19-INTERNATIONAL CONVEN- MISS HARRIET N. EASTMAN, missionary TION, DISCIPLES OF CHRIST, Wash- in Burma, died in Toungoo, Burma, on ington, D. C. May 6, 1930. Hers is one of the longest records of missionary service in the October 19-23-WORLD CONVENTION, DIS- history of the Society. CIPLES OF CHRIST, Washington, D. C. Miss Eastman was born in Griggsville, November 30-December 5-NoRTH AMER- Ill., February 19, 1839; educated at the ICAN HOME MISSIONS CONGRESS, Western Female Seminary, Oxford, Ohio, Washington, D. C. and graduated in 1859. For eleven years she taught. January 19-22, 1931-CONFERENCE ON THE CAUSE AND CURE OF WAR, As the Foreign Mission Society did Washington, D. C. not then send out single women mission- aries, Miss Eastman's desire for appoint- January 20-21, 1931- COUNCIL OF ment was not at once considered. It was CHURCH BOARDS OF EDUCATION, In- not until 1871, when the Women's So- dianapolis, Ind. cieties were formed, that the call for single women to go out as teachers PERSONALS brought the question to Miss Eastman's prayerful attention once more. Her ap- MISS ESTHER M. McRuER, director of pointment, under the Woman's Baptist religious education in the First Presby- Missionary Society of the West, came in terian church, of Ardmore, Oklahoma, September, 1872. has been appointed Field Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of National Mis- From 1872 to 1890 she was identified sions. Miss McRuer's work will be with the Bgai Karen work at Toungoo, mainly with women's societies, but she Burma. Broken in health, she returned will serve other church organizations as to America in 1890, but after five years occasion demands. at home was able to return to the field. In 1895, under the American Baptist DR. A. L. WA*RN*SHU*IS, Secretary of Missionary Union, Miss Eastman re- turned to do literary work in the land the International Missionary Council, is in which she had already spent so many sailing from Seattle, on August 23, to years of her life. At Toungoo she asstudy conditions in the Far Eastern mis- sisted the Revision Committee in presion field. Starting with conferences in paring for the press the revised Sgaw Japan, especially relating to the King- Karen Bible with references. dom of God Movement, Dr. Warnshuis will visit Korea, Japan, Shanghai, Can- ** ton, the Philippines, and, if conditions permit, other parts of China. MISS CYNTHIA E. WILSON, a Presby- terian missionary in India for forty-one OBITUARY years and known for her translations of the Bible and other books into the Hindu- THE REV. JACOB STUCKI, of Black stani and Punjabi languages, died July River Falls, Wisconsin, died at Los An- 5 at the Pasadena Hospital, where she geles, California, May 10th. Mr. Stucki had been confined since a fall she suswho was a missionary among the Winnebago Indians since 1878, had been se- tained ten months ago. riously ill for some months, and had been taken to Los Angeles by one of his sons Miss Wilson went to India as a mis- sionary in 1876 and remained there until for treatment. * .. .. 1917, when she came to Southern Cali- fornia. Death came at 80 years of age. MISS ALICE M. KYLE, for thirty-two years editorial secretary of the Ameri- Pages Crowded with Vital Christian Messages The BIBLE TO~DAY is a popular and aggressive evangelistic Bible study magazine which has proved to be of incalculable worth to ministers. Bible teachers, missionaries and other Christian workers. Among timely and vital articles to be published in early numbers. are: HOW ANSWER RUSSIA? by Dr. Valentine Hepp, the distinguished Dutch philosopher and professor at the Free University of Amsterdam.

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PLAYTIME AT THE YODOGAWA NEIGHBORHOOD HOUSE IN OSAKA, JAPAN

LUI, No.9 September

THE MISSIONARY Of tae EVANGELIZING RURAL JAPAN BY THE REV. GEORGE P. PIERSON, D.D.

Presbyteriwn Missionary in Japan Jor Forty Year8 T HE citadel of a land is its To win these millions for Christ common people, notably fts is the long, hard, final campaign rural people. Only when this into which the great church citadel is taken is a land really throughout the world and the lit- open. There are at least 40,000,- tle church in Japan are entering.

000 of Japan's 60,000,000 living on Can the Japanese church alone ac- farms or by the sea. Most of them complish the evangelization of this are at least where their fathers generation? Can 300,000 believers were, fearful of local deities, in the evangelize the 68,000,000 unbe- "way of the gods," bound to the lievers now living and dying? Let temples and tombs of the Buddhist us not underestimate the strength way, or, what is more likely, ac- of the Japanese church-a self-re- cepting something of each of these specting, respected body, manag- three religions-native worship, ing and quite able to manage its ancestor worship, Buddhism-and own affairs, providentially grown hardly conscious of the confused into a welcoming church-home for history of their conglomerate faith. those who may be won later by Every rural missionary knows large ingatherings. David Thomp- of millions of people who are prac- son, one of the pioneers of seventy tically unevangelized, and recog- years ago, viewing the high walls nizes that he is set to a task that and the sons of Anak, said within calls for a score of workers. Dr. himself, "If I live to see a hundred Wainright, head of The Christian converts, I shall die happy." He Literature Society of Japan, a lived to see 3,000 times that num- careful writer, would have little ber that could be counted and thou- occasion to revise the following sands more that could not be statement made seven or eight counted, moreover, he saw Chris- years ago: "There are thousands tian schools and asylums accom- of towns of strategic value without panying the church's growth, a a Christian worker and many with- translated Bible, tracts and news- out a Christian witness." It is es- papers incalculably diffusing the timated that there are over 8,800 knowledge of Christ through the unoccupied towns of 2,000 to 8,000 great cities and larger towns.

population and containing over 33,- The next step for the Japanese 000,000 people. church, and particularly for the 645

missions in Japan, is evangeliza- a god. The teaching of the one tion of the rural regions. Mission- Mediator between God and man is confronted by an imitated plan of aries were first founders, then salvation whereby an unhistorical co-presbyters, then relieved offi- Amida through the merit of a great cers, and now finally they face the renunciation saves believers into a responsibility of evangelizing the fictitious heaven. A heart suffiregions beyond, to cover which the ciently confused by shadowy tradiresources of the church are not tions of nature worship, ancestor adequate. worship and Buddhist myth, has scant interest in another religion The rural regions look easy. which he regards as a foreign in- There are railroads to carry you trusion. It is to a heart of this in comfort from the remote re- composite blur that the missionary cesses of the Hokkaido to the ex- would introduce Christ, before tremities of Formosa, protection which he stands appalled counting by the police, deferential treatment the cost, and likely to be more apby the people, unconcerned repose palled until he counts all the cost, in the inns-with nothing between until over against the obscurations you and your neighbor but a paper and substitutes of Satan, he weighs screen, attitudes toward your mes- the realities of Christ, the covesage ranging from the non-hostile nants of God and the promise to the eagerly receptive. Every- through the Spirit who, convincing thing seems welcoming as we set the world of sin and righteousness foot on the portcullis, and have ac- and judgment, regenerates the decess to the citadel-the heart of a generate souls of men. common people-easy, but there we are stopped. The hearts of the Rural regions then, being logicommon people it is true are as of cally the next step, how maya misold, honest, open, teachable, wel- sionary work in a small country coming, but we meet the intercept- town, one of the 8,000 yet unoccuing priest. Jesus met him and Paul pied towns of from 2,000 to 8,000 met him. people, among which towns he may select one of the 350 places where The revelation of a one Creator there are located middle schools for God seems an unnecessarily re- boys and an equal number of simstricted conception to one who has ilar schools for girls and where no been instructed to look back Christian work is being done? through a divinely derived Imperial House of today to a divine an- He works by the silent testicestry of yesterday and still mony of a Christian life thereby further back to a heavenly pan- incontestibly putting the commutheon from which he came, under nity on the defensive. If he is a whose protection he lives and of bachelor it is soon recognized that which tomorrow he himself be- he never visits the euphemistically comes a part. A righteous and lov- designated "restaurants," whereing Heavenly Father has little in upon the world begins to consider common with those gods, many to what new thing "this babbler" has whom a priest can offer prayers to to say, the flesh begins to estimate prosper the building and business the cost of accepting his Gospel, of a new brothel, whose proprietor and the devil begins to stir up op- -after his traffic in the souls of position. If he has a family, while men is done-may himself become

EVANGELIZING RURAL JAPAN

the ladies of the town are inspect- all these sources is formed that ing the furnishings of his house most potential, "the church in thy they are making mental note of house," which for pure soul satis- how the master of the home ad- faction and to the praise of the dresses his wife, how the children Spirit of Jesus has no equal. Only answer their mother, and whether in Christ do men really meet, and Confucian caste or Christian love in a brotherhood tnat is eternal.

rules the home. From such little home churches go The first visitor to arrive, coin- forth Christian merchants, engi- cident with the first load of house- neers, teachers, preachers.

hvld goods, ana on every subse- To reach the 200,000 unevangel- quent arrival of anything else, ex- ized people in his county your cept the familiar postman and young missionary must be endless- tradesman, are the children, the ly touring, distributing in the last household babies on their towns and villages, as he does in backs, tops and toys held in spell- his own town, Bibles and tracts bound abeyance. The children do from house to house, with extra not have to be invited to the first supplies placed in barber shops, session of the Sunday-school which bath houses and hospitals, togeth- is held on trunks and boxes. They er with paid articles on Christian go away with some pretty cards themes in the county newspapers, tucked away in their bosoms and all of which induce invitations, let- some wonderful thoughts tucked ters of inquiry, visits and return away in their souls. Then come visits. Your country missionary twenty middle schoolboys after is rarely out of sight of an uncon- English and five primary school verted man and a man, too, who teachers on the same quest, depart- will listen to what he has to say.

ing after tea and cake with an un- While he may never overstress the written charter-thirty minutes importance of work with the in- of English of all varieties (con- dividual, he will not be blind to the versational-broken, correspond- opportunities lying before him of ence-original, reading-anything gaining access to institutions not from "See the hen run" to Ein- unfriendly to his advances. It stein, essays on such themes as should be remembered that Japan "the Universe and Other Mat- is a land of departments and sub- ters,") to be followed by a half departments, bureaus, classes, hour's instruction in the Japanese guilds, societies and associations.

Bible. Almost everybody is subsumed.

The missionary family is pres- Now while we should deprecate ently discovered by the town in Christianity being made a national general. The wife has much to of- religion by fiat decree, yet it does fer in the way of music, cooking, seem as though in a land where so sewing, English for the girls, and little individualism prevails, it is Bible classes for women. Railroad wise to seek admission to a given men, post-office officials, bank class through the doorway of the clerks, business men begin to call chief's own opening. We do not on the master. Soon a litte com- ask the patronage of any depart- pany is meeting Sunday evenings ment; we ask admission only, ul- to sing hymns and listen to an in- timately the work must be with formal Bible talk. Presently from individuals.

There are certain unique Dppor- 000 of them it is estimated, and tunities that may be properly 10,000 Young Women's Associa- called modern. 'l'he country mis- tions. Everything is discussed, but sionary may gain admission to the a knowledge of the Way of Life is primary SChDOls. His coming is a painfully lacking. Win one of these spectacular event. On the rostrum associatiDns and you have captured in the assembly room he may say a strDnghold.

a great deal Df what he wishes to The railroad authorities during say without abusing the privilege certain weeks of the year permit granted him by the principal. He missionaries and Japanese evan- may speak still more freely in the gelists to address the station em- teachers' room, even selling Bibles ployees and the men in the shops.

there. A Bible class for teachers The railroad officials make out 'conducted in Dne Df the rooms is your itinerary, furnish you with not an uncommon thing. A happy an official as courier, provide you sign of the times is the changed with a second-class pass, arrange attitude of the Educational De- with the station master to, prepare partment towards religion, frankly the waiting room with table and recognizing the necessity Df reli- chairs, and assemble the men con- gion in an educational system and nected with the station-in many recommending its presentation. cases their wives as well. You are What the missionary would hesi- expected to speak on morality, but tate to do in the classrooms, he in giving the reHgious sanctions may do outside the school gates. for morality one has to introduce Here is the way one missionary a statement of the Way of Life.

does it. Riding out in his Ford he Most hospitals are open to visi- meets the children just as they are tation. Dormitories for factory emerging from the school gate. He workers will arrange for special is playing "Jesus Loves Me" on the meetings. Work for prisoners must little pDrtable organ, part of the be done with individual'prisoners, car's outfit. Of course the children except in rare instances where one soon throng the spot and they are may address the whole body.

taught very simply, perhaps with What worries a country mission- a "surplus material" picture roll, ary is not the lack Df opportunities why and how Jesus loves them; but in a multitude of opportunities and that they may not forget it which to choose; the danger is that all, a very short catechism on a he may become either used to the single sheet of paper is given them. sight to the point of hardening, or When they get home it is not long discouraged at the magnitude Df before they have told the old peo- his task. Every country mission- ple all about it, too. So a regular ary knows of hundreds of thDU- Sabbath-school has been held with sands of unevangelized people no expense for rent, janitor, light whom, humanly speaking, he can and heating and the Httle old Ford never hope to reach. Sometimes rushes off to intercept the next he finds himself under the juniper group. Seventy-nine out of eighty tree asking himself "Why is it that of the children of Japan go to believers are not more zealous in school. leading their people to Christ? Is In every village and town there it that they do not know the Scrip- is a Young Men's Association, 15,- tures or that they do not realize

the peril of the unsaved? But," he 5. The call of the rural regions is answers himself, "the Japanese for missionaries who will inexpen- Christian faces a far more difficult sively take up their abode in the task in the endeavor to lead their country towns with the fixed purpose relatives or friends than do we; of living there and of planting and for besides what we have to con- training as well as radiating theretend against in the world, the flesh from in the regions beyond. Chrisand the devil, they meet in every tians made by the "Million Souls department of life cruel, fearful, M'ovement," or similar movements, disdainful, unbending custom. need ntonths and years of love, teach- Twenty-five centuries of pyramidal ing, guidance and personal standingmoves are looking down on them- by-nes,s. and the look is forbidding: twenty centuries of Christian ancestry are S. The call is also for women mislooking down on us-and the look sionaries to conduct informal horne is solicitous." schools in rural districts. Provide a budget of $2,000, a faculty of two Our theses then are these: Japanese women teachers, a cur- riculum of three grammar-school 1. The Church Universal of this years, an enrolment of thirty pupils, generation is responsible for the evan- a practical course – mostly domestic gelization of the unsaved of this gen- science suited to the sphere of their eration. future environment, and, that their spirits may soar, all the music they 2. The Church in Japan with its can compass with all the literature 300,000 believers, Roman Catholic and they can absorb; finally and su- Protestant, cannot, it would seem, premely a thorough acquaintance with evangelize the 60,000,000 of this gen- the Bible, that their souls may liveeration. provide these things and one woman missionary with two earnest teachers 3. The Church Universal, accord- could do it all with an initial outlay ingly, is responsible for that large of $4,000. number of the 60,000,000 that the Japanese Church cannot reach. 7. Mission work in Japan will be done when the Japanese Church has 4. By far the greater portion of fully evangelized the remotest mounthese 60,000,000 live in the rural tain hamlet and the loneliest fishing regions. village.

MEDITATION AT THE CLOSE OF DAY The sun sinks in the West. The fields are brilliant with the autumn colors and Mt. Higashi stands calmly enshrouded in the evening mist. Sparrows in the garden noisily raise their voices in praise and thankfulness to God for His goodness.

On this very peaceful evening I pause to reflect upon the blessings of the day-fine weather, a letter from a friend in a distant land, daily bread, and a life fuU of peace. For all these blessings I lift my heart in gratitude to our blessed Lord. This day upon my bed of sickness I count my many blessings.

But my joy is mixed with sorrow for I remember my sins, my estrangement from God, my weakness, and my deficient love towards my heavenly Father. We are always troubled by regret, sorrow and irritation; but our Lord shows us the Cross and gives us peace of mind and eternal life. Our Lord is always with us and He will give us peaceful rest and guide our steps into tomorrow.-Krwekichi Kato.

A translation of a Japanese poem written by a communicant of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Yamagata, who has been bedridden -for two years. -The Spirit of MiBsiOnB.

KINGDOM OF GOD CAMPAIGN

JAPAN BY THE REV. WILLIAM AXLING, D.D.

Honorary Secretary 01 the National Christian 001Jnoil of Japan T HE idea of a campaign with scope, push the number up to a a goal of a million souls was million. born in the brain and heart of Toyohiko Kagawa, eminent Undaunted, Mr. Kagawa went writer, social worker and Chris- forward with his plans. Unceastian mystic. Like Paul of old, the ingly he kept the idea before the Lord appeared to him in the night minds of his friends and followers. watches and gave him a vision of Increasingly he moved individuals a nation-moving evangelistic cru- al:d grOUPS to catch the vision and sade. With Kagawa a vision is a back it with creative faith and paschallenge; a dream is a call to ac- sionate prayer. tion. This idea thus flamed forth The Idea Gives Birth to a Movement into a passion, stirred his soul with Backed by Kagawa's passion a sense of mission, and moved him and personality and the work of to announce his intention of the Spirit of God, this idea has launching a movement which been gripping the hearts and firwould systematically work its way ing the imagination of an increas- into every section of the empire, ing number of people until it has reach out into every class and assumed the proportions of a movegroup, and carryon until the ment. Christian constituency in this land The two conferences which were shall number one million strong. held when Dr. John R. Mott visited To Mr. Kagawa the numeral one Japan, in May, 1929, faced the million in this connection is not a question of the next step to be flight of fancy or a campaign call. taken in the evangelization of the As the result of a careful study of empire. Without any exchange of the Huguenot movement, he views .or comparing of notes, these reached the conclusion that until conferences voted to ask the Na- Christianity in Japan has a million tiona! Christian Council to carry followers it cannot fashion the na- forward a nationwide evangelistic tion's moral, social, industrial and campaign "based on Mr. Kagawa's political ideals and life in the plan." One hundred representative Christian mould. Christian leaders attended these Like every great idea, this one conferences. This action· was, staggered men of lesser mould. therefore, a direct mandate from a Few had faith to believe that Jap- large section of the thoughtful, reanese Christianity, which after sponsible spokesmen of the Japa- seventy years of heroic endeavor nese churches.

only numbers some 300,000 folIow- At the May meeting of the Execers, including the Greek and Ro- utive Committee of the National man Catholic communions, could, Christian Council, this recommenthrough one campaign, no matter dation of the Kamakura and Nara how continuous or far-reaching its Conferences was considered, unani- 650 mously approved, and the Council's Christian Council. More than 150 Commission on Evangelism was delegates were in attendance, repasked to formulate poliCies and a resenting every part of the empire working program. The Council, at and every phase of Christian enits Annual Meeting in November, deavor. A spirit of unity and high voted to sponsor this campaign and determination and buoyant expecrender every possible help to make tancy characterized this gathering. it an All-Christian Movement. Here the plans for the campaign were matured and such matters as The Movement Takes Shape organization, strategy and objec- tives definitely determined. June 7, 1929, may in the coming years stand out as a milestone in Six months have thus been dethe history of the Christian con- voted to preparation. The camquest of Japan. On that day the paign began January 1, 1930, by members of the Commission on the holding of initial mass meet- Evangelism of the Christian Coun- ings in Japan's six largest cities, cil and representatives of the Ka- Tokyo, Osaka, Kyoto, Kobe, Yokogawa Co-Operators in Japan, met hama and Nagoya. in joint session, and after prayer and careful consideration voted to Mobilizing the Christian Forces set up a Central Committee for the purpose of taking over this "Mil- The idea has flowered into a lion Souls Movement" and aggres- movement, but the rank and file sively carrying it forward. both of the pastors and of the church members must still be mo- The personnel of this Central bilized. The prayer-power and Committee numbers thirty and is soul-power of the church must be representative of the whole Chris- so concentrated on this campaign tian Movement. Kagawa is still that the tides of the Spirit may be the throbbing heart of the move- released and God be given a chance ment, the spiritual genius and dy- to break out anew upon the life of namic personality around which this nation. The Central Committhe Campaign will be centered; tee has issued a manifesto chalbut it has expanded from a Kaga- lenging the Christians of the wa campaign to one embracing the nation in such words as these: organized Christian forces of the nation. Japan the land of the gods, God's country! This is our prayer, our Although the objective of ~ mil- slogan and our goal. Our Japan is in lion souls was retained, the name distress. Our Japan has lost her way. was changed to "The Kingdom of Man's distress, however, is God's op- God Campaign." This was done portunity. Man's perplexity is God's with Kagawa's complete approval challenge. in order to put the emphasis not on numbers but on the genuineness Distressed Japan is a humble Japan. of those who are won. It was felt Perplexed Japan is a changeable necessary not only to have a quan- Japan. Self-satisfaction and pride tative but a qualitative goal. are swiftly disappearing. The sound of the breaking away of the husks of In November a National Confer- the nation's thinking and of its life ence on Evangelism was held in echoes gloomily far and near. Tokyo in connection with the Annual Meeting of The National The birth-pangs of a new Japan! The violent birth-quickening of the Kingdom of -God is on. The time is

at hand. The Kingdom 'of God is Mr. Kagawa's Plan near. The time has come for repent- Mr. Kagawa is a modern mystic. ance and for consecration to the task He keeps his feet on the ground of spreading the Gospel. but his head and his heart lay hold on the unseen. He believes in The thought life, life as a whole, prayer. His plan calls for the orpolitics, education, industry, every- ganizationof a network of prayer thing in Japan must be brought und'er clear across the empire, with early God's direct control. Through Christ- morning prayer-meetings in every like Japanese a Christ-like Japan church, monthly union prayermust be brought to the birth. To meetings in every city and center, transform this vision into reality we must increase the present 300,000 Chri·stians to a round million. and an annual nation-wide confer- We believe that one million Chris- ence for prayer and for the train- tians will make possible the Christian- ing of lay workers in evangelism.

ization of Japan's public ,opinion and He stresses district evangelism, conscience and realize through the Church a really Christianized Japan. personal evangelism, evangelism Every Christian a soul-winner, win- through literature, lay evangelism ning one soul a year and thus in three and evangelism thr.ough service. years quadrupling the number of Christians – this is the program of He urges special "missions" to the Million Souls Campaign. the rural people, the fishing folk, the miners and laboring classes. We have a reason for thanksgiving and a source for courage in the fact He emphasizes the mass producthat there are workers with special tion of leaflets, pamphlets, cheap- priced good Christian books, and a gifts whom God has raised up among large utilization of the daily press.

the various denominations. Among He challenges every Christian to them are figures so outstanding that convert his home into a meeting when the people hear their names they place for a church. He appeals to are immediately reminded of Chris- every follower of Christ to become tianity.These stand as our repre- a teacher of children and the sentatives before the unsaved masses. young, and to organize a neighbor- They are the connecting links between hood Sunday-school in his or her us and the people. own home.

Mr. Toyohiko Kagawa has already He would have the churches in offered his full time and his utmost every city and town unite in holdefforts for this Movement. This has ing short term, three months, G,osbeen a tremendous encouragement to pel Schools for the intensive our Committee. We propose to en- list other outstanding workers and training of Christians and lay pitch a cooperative decisive evan- leaders. He wants the churches to gelistic battle which shall be nation- enlist, train and release, at once wide in its reach. 5,000 lay preachers for this nation- Nineteen hundred and thirty, the year in which it is proposed to begin wide evangelistic crusade. this campaign, commemorates the Evangelism through service twentieth century period since Christ began his public ministry. We believe calls for the revival of the broththat it is most fitting for us Chris- erhood movement within the tians to follow in the footsteps of our church, the organization of coop- Lord, and for three years give our- eratives, the founding of educaselves as He did for a similar period tional guilds and mutual aid societies and "missions" to every to aggressive evangelism. existing group and occupation.

MOST DIFFICULT FIELD IN

BY DELAVAN L. PIERSON TRAVEL LETTER No. 6 W HICH is the most difficult and the son of a mIssiOnary in mission field in the world? North Africa, said to me that he In almost every country we had almost lost hope of winning have visited some workers have Moslems to Christ, for the students confided to us that theirs is "the who had professed conversion had most difficult field" in which to sow proved weak and unsatisfactory.

with expectation of a fruitful har- The most he hoped for was a grad- vest. And in each case their con- ual breaking down of prejudice tention seemed to be true. and an acceptance of Christian All fields show, in spots or in gen- ideals through education. Was the eral, characteristics of the soil in faith of Raymond Lull, of Bishop the parable-hard and unreceptive, French and Keith Falconer mis- shallow and unproductive, preoc- placed?

cupied and stifling, or good and Anyone who has worked in or fruitful. In all fields, at home and even visited Moslem lands will abroad, we find the same obstacles readily acknowledge the almost im- to the Gospel-sin and selfishness, possible task they present. Egypt extreme poverty or wealth, great has many Protestant Christians ignorance and prejudice, false re- won from the Copts, but few from Iigion, irreligion and anti-religion. the Moslems. They are Sunnis, But each land we have visited has and therefore self satisfied and un- also its peculiar difficulties. receptive. Mesopotamia and Ara- Passing by Roman Catholic and bia are full of Shias and Wohobis Greek Catholic countries, like Italy who are fanatical and antagonistic.

and Greece, with their historic but The work at Baghdad would dis- often devitalized Christianity; and courage any but valiant soldiers of Jewish fields, like Palestine, with the cross. When Mr. and Mrs. AI- their historic opposition to Christ bert Edwards sought to establish a and His Gospel, look at some of the mission in Hillah, near ancient great non-Christian fields of Asia Babylon, fanatical Moslems re- as we have seen them. fused to rent a house, to deliver Take Moslem Lands. Where can water or milk, and even thought we find soil more hard and unre- it pollution to allow the Christian ceptive? The fields where Islam to drink from their cups in a cof- flourishes seem to present an al- fee shop.

most impossible task to the Chris- In India, Moslems are warlike tian missionary. The measure of and proud of their religion and truth in their own religion, the have become complacent in their fourteen hundred years of school- so called liberalism. The president ing in Moslem traditions and in of the All India Moslem League prejudiced views of Christianity, said to me, in answer to a question have made the followers of Mo- on the work of Christian missions: hammed almost stone deaf to the "Educational mIssIonaries have claims of Christ. A mISsiOnary, done much for India. If only they 653

would give up teaching that Christ schools with outcastes, and the is the Son of God, that Jesus dle,d proximity of a Christian from the for our sins on the cross, and that "sweepers" will defile food and He rose again from the dead, then make it unsalable. Even more dewe could accept their Christian- pressing is the fact that in South ity." If they would leave out the India caste Christians have re- Gospel, Moslems would accept the fused to worship with those won ethics! Yes, Islam seems to pre- from among the outcastes. In one sent the most difficult field in the case they even burned the homes of "sweeper" Christians because world. But what about the Hindus; are the mission had decided to allow both classes to use the same church they more approachable? Here building at different hours. Truly are a people whose religious teach- India of the Hindus seems the most ers are looked upon as among the difficult field in the world! world's greatest philosophers. Here a polygamous religious sys- But look at Buddhist lands. Tibtem is entrenched and holds two et is still entirely closed to the hundred and fifty million adher- Gospel. In Burma and Siam progents under its spell. India is a land ress is made among animists in of temples,' of pilgrimages, of re- proportion as they are weak in ligious festivals, of priests, fakirs Buddhist faith. The Buddhist temand gurus. One cannot visit a ples abound and many are crowded temple, like that at Madura, and with worshipers. Little progress is see the people bow down to hideous, made among Burmese or Ceylonese big-bellied idols, bathe in filthy wa- Buddhists. Mildness of disposition, ter, and worship fleshly priests, peaceableness and belief that an without a conviction that they are exhibition of temper is sinful, are joined with contentment with blind but devout. things as they are. Their philos- But an even greater obstacle ophy as to Nirvana and belief in transmigration of the soul have among the Hindus is the caste system-the antithesis of brotherhood cut the nerve of progress. Their and the deadly foe to progress. For religion is one of death, not life. over a thousand years this system Surely Buddhism offers a difficult has become more and more in- field with shallow, unproductive trenched and holds in its grip all soil for the good Seed. classes in India. Those from the high castes are not ready to accept B1tt what about China? There a Gospel that puts the "pariah dog" was a time when the Chinese on a level with the Brahmin; and seemed to present an almost unoutcastes who wish to accept the penetrable wall. After one hun- Gospel are suspected of seeking dred years of prevailing and sacrificial living on the part of mis- "the loaves and fishes" and are de- sionaries, the Boxer Uprising prived even of their scanty means sought to kill or to drive every of living if they incur the enmity Christian out of China. Then there of their "superiors." In India we seemed to come a period of hopeful sometimes hear that caste is break- receptivity and progress; but toing down, but even in some Chris- day China is torn by revolution. tian colleges students of different Bandits prevail in all parts of the castes refuse to eat together; caste country; the people are discourpupils often refuse to attend public

THE MOST DIFFICULT FIELD IN ASIA

aged and desperate; the anti- lage life of India, making it almost Christian movement among stu- impossible for those who break its dents and some of the officials is rules and rise to higher things. seeking to drive out Christianity and all religion from the schools Buddhism presents the barrier and to put China in the class with of a philosophy that produces a Russia as irreligious and antic false sense of security and a false hope of peace in Nirvana. In Christian. China, on the other hand, the pres- All of the mission schools and ent great obstacle is political. With China at peace and in the hands colleges are facing a crisis. They of a sane government, we would do not know when they may be look for a great forward moveclosed or taken over by anti-Chris- ment in the Church. tian forces. In the Chantung Christian University (Cheloo Uni- This is a dark picture, but, thank versity) at Tsinan, the students of God, it is only one side of the the College of Arts and Sciences tapestry! On the other we see the recently went on strike to secure working out of the face of Jesus the resignation of the dean. They Christ and the program of the tore down faculty notices, put up Kingdom of God. Islam does not blasphemous, anti-Christian pos- present an unbroken front. In the ters saying that Jesus was an ille- Dutch East Indies, 45,000 former gitimate son and charging that Moslems have accepted Christ. In women students, who refused to Persia, hundreds of Moslems are join the strike, were "prostitutes welcoming the Gospel and at one of foreigners." They caused a communion seventy-seven were strike among the university em- baptized. Dr. Robert P. Wilder, ployees, and boasted that they in a recent visit to Persia, found could cause the resignation of any a wide-open door and wide-open undesired professor. Their strike hearts in spite of opposition and was instigated and promoted by persecution. In Hillah, that center the local Nationalist party. The of ignorant fanaticism, love is Commissioner of Education for the winning a hearing and inquirers Province was bitterly anti-Chris- now come asking for instruction tian. The College of Arts and Sci- in the Bible and the Christian Way ences has been closed since Janu- of Life. ary, and the local government threatens to preverit its opening in India is a hard field, but already September. China is indeed a most four million Indians have become difficult field today. But which is Christians. There are many signs the most discouraging? that caste is breaking down, espe- cially in cities. Manatma Gandhi, In Moslem lands the chief ob- Rabindrinath Tagore, and many stacle seems to be religious-the bitter antagonism to the claims other recognized Indian leaders are that Jesus is the Son of God, the bitterly opposed to it and declare Saviour of men, and that He and the Bible are superior in authority that caste must go. Hinduism, to Mohammed and the Koran. especially in its grosser forms, is also doomed. Already anti-priest Among Hindus the greatest of societies have been formed, and an many obstacles is social-the death "Indian Self-Respect Association" grip of the caste system in the vil- is battling against the dedication of girls to temple service and other

degrading features of Indian life It is less so than ever. We saw and worship. The students are many missionaries with almost no being educated out of ignorant equipment, like the Apostle Paul, prejudice and many would become who nevertheless could point to Christians except for family op- large spiritual harvests. On the position and the fear of social other hand, there are large mis- sionary institutions, with almost ostracism. perfect facilities for their work, In Buddhist lands, too, there are that can point to no souls led to Christ and few trained for Chrissigns of a developing pattern after tian ministry. the likeness of Christ. The witness to the Gospel in Ceylon, It is unnecessary to add that Burma and Siam is producing re- missionary fruitage is not dependsults, and the Koreans and the ent on money. Many missionaries Lao, who are receiving the Light, and many branches of the work are becoming effective witnesses to are suffering because of inadequate their fellow countrymen. support, but their hope is not in a larger financial income. In China, the darkest spots are the large cities near the fields of The only hope for missionary conflict. In, many country districts success today – as it has always and in western provinces, like been since Pentecost-is threefold. Szchuan and Shensi, the people are friendly and the Chinese Church is 1. In the power, the purpose carrying on with faithfulness and and the promises of God. He canpower. More copies of the Scrip- not fail. Christ will be victorious. tures were sold in China, India and in Siam last year than in any pre- 2. In the truth and vitality of vious year. The China for Christ the Word of God. In all these lands Movement is enlisting the churches those who are most successful toin a united evangelistic campaign. day in spiritual fruitage are those who believe and teach the Bible as A visit to the mission fields of the Word of God and with au- Asia creates a keener sympathy thority for faith and life. with the missionary in his difficult task, but it also stirs the heart with 3. In the Holy Spirit of God as higher hopes and greater con- the Witness that makes the mesfidence in the ultimate victory of sages take hold of men's hearts Christ and His Gospel. But our with power. Without this witness' hope is less than ever in the num- of the Paraclete, the witness of men is fruitless. "By my Spirit, ber of missionaries on the field. saith the Lord." Some might better return home, If these things are true, and for they show no evidence of en- their truth is being proved every thusiasm for the conversion of day in mission lands, then we at men to Christ. But the vast ma- home and our partners at the front jority of missionaries put us at must realize more completely our home to shame by their faith, their absolute dependence on God for courage and their sacrificial devo- our call, our equipment, our courtion. It is "not by (physical) age, our daily supply, our power, might" nor an army "that we will and for the results. We need to win the victory." study the Bible more that our mes- sage may be true and that our Neither is our confidence in large institutions and fine equipment.

SOME EVENTS ON THE JAPANESE ROAD

methods may be Christlike. We spirit of sacrifice to do His bidneed to spend more time in prayer ding. When the Hebrew spies rein order to keep in tune with God turned to report on the Promised and to realize our partnership with Land and the outlook for its con- Him. quest, ten of them said: "There are giants i"n the land, and in their The missionary task is so great sight and in our own, we were as and the difficulties are so tremen- grasshoppers." Caleb and Joshua dous that they are insurmountable said: "There are giants in the through human wisdom and might. land, but God is with us, and in His But the difficulties – religious, so- sight they are as grasshoppers." cial, philosophical, political- are These two spies shared in the conas nothing in the sight of God-if quest of the land. His servants have faith and the SOME EVENTS ON THE JAPANESE ROAD BY THE REV. A. P. HASSELL Missionary 0/ the Southern Presbyterian Ohurch:- Tokushima, Japan ONE of the most remarkable est village where we employed a things that come to one's no- boatman to take us across an inlet tice on the mission field is of the Pacific, about a mile wide. the fact that God is picking out in- This brought us to a farming setdividuals here and there and sav- tlement of only five houses. In ing them. And some of these in- one of these we found our man, dividuals are about the last ones Tomiji Tanabashi, twenty-three that you would ever expect to be years old. There were two single "picked out." beds in the room, one occupied by Tomiji San and the other by his In January I baptized a man younger brother, both men with who was thought to be on his death- the same illness. bed. He lived in one of the remote and inaccessible localities of this A few days prior to our visit a prefecture. A Japanese pastor and letter had come to me from the I drove for two hours, part of the Rev. Daniel Buchanan, of the way over a precipitous mountain Northern Presbyterian Mission, in road. When I asked for special a distant prefecture. He has a police permission to do so, .the lending library which he adverofficer dropped his head to one side tises in the big daily pap e r s. doubtfully. Then there was a Tomiji had read three of his books and had asked for baptism. He moment's conference with the was like the Ethiopian Eunuch, "chief." It had never been done who said: "How can I understand before, but if I wanted to try it except some man should guide and would be careful I might "go me?" There was a list of questo it." tions about things that he had run across in his reading and which We got along first-rate till we he didn't understand. "What is came to a large pine tree right in the meaning of 'baptism'; the 'resthe middle of the road. There we urrection'; 'Hallelujah'; 'Amen'? sidetracked the car, shouldered our baggage, and walked to the near- 2

What happens when we die"; and tian books had come from this disa lot more-most of them remark- tant friend, at a moment when ably thoughtful questions. Tomiji was in the depths of dark- ness and despondency, and he We instructed him in the essen- reckons his salvation back to that tials of salvation as long as we felt event. his strength would permit and then administered the Sacraments of We spent the night at Tomiji's Baptism and the Lord's Supper house, which shelters four generaafter which he lifted his feeble tions ranging in age from the onevoice and hands in a devout prayer year-old baby of Tomiji's older of thanksgiving to God for so brother to the eighty-two-year-old wondrously saving him. great-grandmother of the baby. We found the household most This young man had left his hospitable. They arranged a meet- ing for us at night at a neighbor's WHO WILL TELL, THESE BOYS OF house, where we preached the first JESUS? Christian sermon that the com- munity had ever listened to. When home some years ago for Tokyo, we arose the next morning, Towhere he had been engaged in the miji's little twelve-year-old niece liquor business. He had never was in the kitchen reading one of attended a church but once in his our tracts to her great-grandlife, and that occasion apparently mother who was cooking breakfast. left no permanent impression. Strangely enough a friend in the We went to school with our chilsame business at a distant place dren-friends of the previous night, was attacked at about the same and to our great surprise found time as he by the same disease, and that the principal was a former he also had been confined to his friend of mine. He suspended bed for months, during which the classes and in my honor conducted two had been corresponding. The the entire school to the famous suggestion about securing Chris- lighthouse near by. After return- ing to the school, i: spent a happy hour teaching and singing with the children, who were hearing the Gospel for the first time in their lives. Since then a score or more of them have written thanking me and asking for literature.

Children are being born and passing through the primary school -the most important period of their lives – faster than we mis- sionaries can possibly get around to them. The crying need is for more consecrated missionaries who are not afraid of work. I wonder if God is not calling to some of the boys and girls who read this letter to help us to get the Gospel to the boys and girls of Japan!

Alone

The religion of love as taught by Jesus has no philosophical theory of knowledge. It is love put into practice.

Christianity, however, has been weak in the practice of love; and the God of Christianity has, therefore, come to be thought of merely as a symbol-not imparted to man as the God of power and of love. In the society of today true philosophy, true religion, true science, do not yet exist. Men's consciences are benumbed. True religion, philosophy, and science will appear at the moment when love is put into practice. The religion, the science, and the philosophy of the past have been the creations of men of disunited selves,-men marred by defects and incapable of clearly visioning God.

If we would see God, we must first love. When we make a beginning in the life of conscience, we forthwith experience within us the revelation of God. Jesus it was who showed us the first step toward recognition through love. When with this resolve we go forward, we too are enabled to love offenders and folk who are in distress. This is the power which Jesus gives us.

The man who declares that he does not know God, has failed because he does not love. Divesting oneself of conscience and love, declaring that one does not know God, is like covering the eyes and saying that one cannot see.

True recognition of God, of God today, must begin within the conscience. Professor Nashida says, "True life must be discovered in Jesus who as a young man died on the cross." Jesus, too, taught that God forgives even criminals. Love alone recognizes. Just because Jesus lived the life of love, he reached this conclusion.

The reason why we do not as yet truly perceive the nature of God is, after all, simply the sluggishness of our life of concience. In order to know God we must rouse our life of conscience up to far greater activity. He alone who loves is able to see God. For God is Love.

"Love the Law of Life."-Toyohiko Kagawa.

659

CHANGES IN WESTERN

BY THE REV. R. S. ROSEBERRY Oha4.-man oj the French West A/rica Mis8ion of the OhM8Han ami Mi8B/onary Alliance M ARVELOUS changes are sway over a vast territory with taking place in hitherto his capital at Segou. Timbuctu neglected lands. Modern and the buckle of the Niger were commerce crosses mountains, held by the Tourag race. This wild, bridges rivers and opens up inac- ruthless, desert tribe ruled with an cessible wilderness. Great changes iron hand and were finally subdued have come over the lives of people by the French troops under Colonel that have been in seclusion for Bonnier Joffre at Timbuctu in the centuries. This is an age of rapid year 1894. Since that time the change in every sphere. country has been comparatively The Western Sudan is a land safe for commerce and also for mis- which, until recently, was very lit- sions. tle known,' a range of mountains In order to tap the Niger valley, separating the costal plain from the French opened two railways the upper Niger valley and plateau. to the river: one from Dakar to Mungo Park was the first white Bamako, which was completed in man to cross this great divide in 1923 or 1924; the other from the year 1795 and viewed the Niger Conakry to Kankan, completed in River. Others soon followed. 1914. Since then much labor has Major Laing lost his life on the been expended on roads to make outskirts of Timbuctu and Rene them suitable for motor transport. CaiIIe, the Frenchman, was the Bridges have been built and fer- first white man to enter Timbuctu ries, maintained by the governand live to tell the story. He ac- ment, have been placed on the complished his purpose by disguis- smaller rivers. Today one may ing himself as a Mohammedan and travel for thousands of miles and telling the people that he was an reach every place of importance by escaped slave returning to Egypt. motor car. Great cotton planta- He spent fourteen days in Tim- tions, requiring thousands of work- buctu and then crossed the desert men every year, have been opened to Morocco. along the Niger River and are ir- It was not until 1883 that the rigated by immense pumping French were able to occupy an out- plants. The good roads have made post on the Niger River at Bam- it possible for trading companies ako. Here they built a fort and to open up new sections. Twenty- were able to maintain communica- five companies entered one town tions with the coast. The upper in the Upper Volta last year, the Niger valley was overrun by Sam- heart of the native town being torn ory, the great Mohammedan Chief, down to make room for the com- who was overcome and captured mercial buildings. in the year 1898. A vast region The French school system is dohad been devastated by this ruth- ing much to change the life of the less conqueror. On the north an- country. Schools have been opened other Chief, Amadou Sekou, held in the large centers and enroll a 660 large number of pupils every year. of Africa is being molded. What Tribes that have been backward that future shall be depends upon are steadily being awakened by the the Church of Christ. If they recall for education. Vocational ceive the Word of Life and are led schools are training a large num- to depend upon the Lord and His ber every year for mechanics, ma- guidance and power, then the sons, etc. Clinics are maintained church in the Sudan will become a in nearly all the large towns, and vital force in the evangelization of free treatment is given to thou- the many tribes. The missionary sands of patients every year. seeks to uplift Christ and not to Maternity nurses are located in spread a certain creed. One of the some of the centers to give the finest native Christians in the Suneeded help in the homes. dan said, "As I toiled in a forced labor gang I could toil and suffer Unfortunately as the traditional for I had a hope within, but the life of the native is broken up others had nothing to lighten their many are drifting into atheism and hearts and give them hope." free-thinking. The access to French literature will sooner or A nucleus of Christians has been later turn the Mohammedan away won from a number of tribes in from his religion. The pagan from these centers. Coming from the the bush is ashamed of the religion forest country, dressed in rags or of his fathers and is looking for with scarcely any clothing, they besomething to take its place. Now gin at once to take on the ways of is the hour for the evangelization civilization, and soon appear atof these tribes. They are ready tired in full dress and walk up and for the message of hope that will down the streets with a cane. But, give them the larger life. The new roads are, in the providence of God, alas, their hearts are not satisfied. the prepared highway for the Many come to the Christian Gospel messenger to prepare the chapels, hear the message of salvaway for Christ. tion and yield to Christ. At one station men from the Gberesi, the During the last five years pioneer Kissi, the Fula, the Soussou, the mission work has been opened in Senefou, the Bambara and the many great centers of the Western Tomi tribes have accepted Christ. Sudan to give the Gospel to the dif- This is true of the other centers as ferent tribes. The French govern- well. The Lord is calling out from ment does not favor school work all the tongues and languages of by individuals or missions since earth a people for His Name. they have established excellent schools. Mohammedanism has ut- A blind Bobo from the East terly failed to meet the people's walked all the way to Bamako, a need or to lift them from the depths distance of 330 miles, to seek work of sin. The tribes that embrace in that city. Something seemed to Mohammedism often live in as low tell him that he should wait, that a state as when in paganism. Civi- the message would come which lization apart from Christianity would satisfy his heart. One day, also fails to elevate them morally. passing the market place, he heard What they need is Christ's message a strange message proclaimed. It was the message of the Saviour of of redemption. men and told of His return to In these great centers the future earth. This was the message for

which the blind man had waited word to send 400 boys to the school so long. He decided to go home at that was opened at this post. The once so that he would be there wily chief sent back word that he when the Lord came. At last he was willing to send the children arrived home and four days later but that they would not obey him.

a messenger of Christ arrived and If the white man wanted them, proclaimed the message which the they should come and get the chil- blind man recognized at once as dren. While outwardly sUbmitting the same he had heard in Bamako. to the government, in their hearts He became the first Bobo convert they are as untamed as ever. Win and began to help the missionaries these men's friendship and they in the study of the difficult Bobo will hear the Message.

language. At first the people were In Timbuctu a good grammar not friendly but were supicious of and dictionary of the Songhoi lan- their motives in studying the lan- guage, were found. This tribe of guage. The blind man took up the about 400,000 people is located study of the Braille system and, on the Niger. They are a fine after long and patient effort, to his people and very friendly. Two great joy was able to read the points have been opened among Gospel. them, Timbuctu and Gao, and al- Many tribes still wait the mes- ready the first converts have been senger of Light. The great Tourag won for Christ.

tribe on the border of the desert, Timbuctu is not as important as living in tents, moving from place it used to be. The building of a to place to watch their herds of railroad connecting the Niger cattle, have not yet been cared for. River with the coast has taken This will require men who will en- away its importance as a caravan dure hardship, who will be willing terminal and already a good part to suffer privation, to follow His of the town looks like a ruin. The sheep in the desert or wherever rains are rapidly breaking down they may wander. They are fierce, the houses and many of them are untamed warriors, who would not being repaired. Buildings rather kill a man than kill one of have been rented for mission pur- their cattle. Last year the govern- poses that will serve for the work ment was preparing to open a new there indefinitely. The present post between Timbuctu and Gao population numbers only about 8,- on the Niger River when they were 000, though at one time it was as told by the Tourag Chief that he high as 85,000. It was the center would not allow it. The resident of learning two or three hundred was called from Timbuctu to talk years ago, and from this point the the matter over with the chief. Mohammedan faith spread over They were told that the white men the greater part of the upper Niger were like the sand of the desert and basin.

that for every white man they Timbuctu is accessible to the killed it would cost them a thou- traveler from August until Janu- sand Tourags. Furthermore, the ary and the government has a government had so many airplanes weekly passenger service from that they would darken the sun. Koulikoro to the port, Kabara, nine The post was built. The French miles from the capital. Koulikoro government then sent the Chief is connected with the coast by train

GREAT CHANGES IN WESTERN SUDAN

or motor road and efforts are being is their textbook. There is not a made to open another road through man in Bamako that can stand to Timbuctu. against this young evangelist. These young men act on their be- Bamako is the greatest com- lief that the Lord can supply funds mercial center of the Sudan and through His own people to carry probably of all French West Africa, on His work, and they will not with the possible exception of accept money from non-Christians. Dakar. Missionary work was be- Strong, virile, native churches gun there about eight years ago by firmly established in the Word of the Gospel Missionary Union. To- God, with a holy zeal to make day Bamako has a fine independent Christ known, are the hope of the church, the leader of which is a Sudan. Fula, named Demba Daw. A group of young men has been gathered The forces of evil are strongly together and are becoming a real intrenched in these lands of darkforce in the Sudan, not only in ness and only stronghearted men Bamako but in the region round who know the Lord can hope for about. The real strength' of this success there. The divine spark work lies in the fact that they are in man, or hazy, vague ideas of the demonstrating to the people, and atonement will dash in vain to the officials, that they are Chris- against these walls of darkness. tians, not because of white influ- The need of Africa today is for ence, but because they have the men and women who know how to living Word of God. Already prevail with God in prayer. We many of the officials recognize that have an all-powerful Christ, and there is something real in the if we are yielded, joyful agents of movement and are seeking Bibles His grace, we will see light break to study the truth for themselves. forth in the dark places. No man, High officials ask this young Fula or group of men, or force of evil, evangelist for Bibles. An atheist can prevent this great work so has been won to allegiance to the long as Christ lives and sits on the Word through this young man's throne. The Lord Jesus will labors. The man next to the gov- triumph over the powers that hold ernor has received a Bible and is the Sudan in bondage and we must studying the truth, challenge the forces of evil that hold the Mohammedans and the The Bamako church is founded on the Word of God and the Bible pagans in slavery.

I do not believe that the love of God in Christ is a spent force. It is still a mighty power and will be increasingly so if we will only trust and obey our Lord. When the full meaning of His Gospel is made known to the world and men lay hold upon the moral power that is theirs for the asking, then the love of Christ will hecome a power which will challenge the attention and the admiration of men. They will see that the gates of hell cannot prevail against it for it has enabled men to climb out of the degradation of selfishness up to the clear atmosphere and the sunlit hills of unselfishness and helpful service. That moral power is an undiscovered resource in the lives of many men, in the history of many institutions, in the relationships of many peoples and many nations. When that moral power is discovered and used, we will see those who have discovered it plowing deep furrows in the fields of life.-Benjamin F. Farber.

A CHINESE CHRISTIAN ON THE ANTI-

CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT* T HE preacher at the Chinese form the world by revolution started service was Mr. Chen, a grad- with China as a favorable place. It uate of the Shantung Chris- began by teaching youth Soviet printian University and Secretary of ciples and a favorite place to do this the Y. M. C. A. at Tsinan. His was in the schools. Among these prinsubject was "What can the Chris- ciples was opposition to Christianity. tian learn from the present Anti- 2. There were local Chinese in- fluences affecting the situation. There Christian Movement in China?" was the claim that the Church was in As a missionary sat beside me China on the basis of unequal treaty and translated the gist of the re- rights and of extra-territoriality. In marks, I include them here from the days of Robert Morrison (1807) my notes, as I think you will be in- it took seven years to secure the first terested to know what a Chinese convert and thirty-five years to win leader has to say on this vital topic. seven. As a result of persecution of Christianity in the early days, foreign At Boxer time Christianity was at- nations forced extra-territoriality on tacked, but since then and until re- China. The Chinese Christians have cently there has been a time of been included, in the eyes of their quietude. In 1922, there was organ- fellow Chinese, as benefiting by extraized in Peking among students an territoriality. So the Church was reattempt to oppose, then to attack garded as a foreign institution. This Christianity. It is an attack by edu- put the Church in a false position. So cated people. They began to have extra-territoriality was attacked. Chicertain slogans to destroy Christian- nese in the United States or in Japan ity. Christmas was a time of especial have to be subject to the laws of these opposition. What is the reason for nations, whereas foreigners in China this? have extra-territoriality rights which 1. From an educational point of China regards as an insult. The Chiview they want to take back the power nese have no control over the action in educational matters which they of foreigners in China. Local officials, claim the Christian Church had as- through fear of foreigners, protected sumed. In 1924, the Nationalist them. Pressure was brought to bear Movement began and brought atten- from Peking to make local and county tion to national problems. They op- officials protect foreigners and Chiposed anything that affected Chinese nese Christians. This was especially independence. China for the Chinese true of Roman Catholics. This power was their slogan. They felt that for- was abused, so that the Catholic eigners were running schools where priests often became as powerful as pupils were being trained in the for- county officials. The priests were apeign point of view. Then there was pealed to by the Roman Catholic the effect of Soviet Russia's attitude Christians in their lawsuits, often retoward religion. The Greek Catholic sulting in a miscarriage of justice. Church was not in sympathy with the This was a serious evil needing cor- Soviet, therefore they opposed Chris- rection and aroused resentment. tianity. This teaching has reached What should be the attitude of China. The Soviet attempt to trans- Christians now toward the opposition • Extract from a letter from the Rev. George directed against them? They should H. Trull. of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign accept the criticism, if it is just, and Missions. New York, written during his visit profit by it. If it Is unjust, they do In Tslnan. ChIna.

664 n'Ot need t'O be c'Oncerned ab'Out it. China, hence the QPp'Onents here say Opp'Onents will pr'Obably c'Ome t'O see that individual Christians alsQ dQ nQt the faults in their criticisms them- have the right attitude. The Church selves, in due time. In the 1925 Anti- must adapt its meth'Ods SQ as to shQW Christian Campaign in Tsinan, the the spirit ()f sacrifice in this day and Christians used the SalvatiQn Army generati'On. The f'Ormer methQd 'Of meth'Od 'Of street preaching and by preaching was Qther-w'Orldliness. N'Ow drums and trumpets tried tQ dr'Own we must preach alsQ abQut impr'Oving the vQices 'Of the 'Opp'OsitiQn. But this the c'OnditiQn 'Of this WQrld. There stirred up bad feeling. are lQts .of unrighteQus conditions in s'Ociety now that need rectifying. This China is nQW in a state 'Of flux and is the Church's Qbligati'On. change in everything. It is in the air. The peQple are hunting the true The Church in China sh'Ould be a road, but part 'Of the time they are 'Off natural cQl'Ored Church, i. e., it sh'Ould the track. Christians sh'Ould be pa- nQt be cQl'Ored white but be indigenous. tient in such a time as this. There The 'West had a fine tree with beauare hQt heads and h'Ot hearts at pres- tiful fl'Owers and good fruit upon it. ent. But a change 'Of attitude 'Of the It is transplanted tQ China, but it is 'Opp'Ositi'On is appearing, as s'Ome heads n'Ot indigen'Ous. The West has atare c'O'Oling 'Off while their hearts are tempted t'O give us f'Oreign fQ'Od with still hQt. A lQt 'Of students have their a dash 'Of Chinese flav'Oring. It shQuld stQmachs full, but the fQ'Od is undi- be primarily Chinese f'OQd with Chigested (a Chinese way 'Of saying that nese flav'Oring. This explains why the students' ideas are immature and there is 'Opp'Ositi'On and what we need ill-digested) . tQ CQunteract it.

The QPPQsitiQn nQW is n'Ot SQ much It is difficult t'O present adequateagainst Christians as against the ly sec'Ond hand thr'Ough an inter- Church. Acc'Ording t'O Christian d'Octrine, self-determinati'On as enunciated preter the exact P'Oint 'Of view 'Of a by the late President WilsQn in his foreign speaker, and I trust I have Fourteen PQints, is recQgnized as just, but n'O nation is putting this intQ prac- n'Ot misrepresented him. We may tice. The spirit 'Of self-sacrifice in the n'Ot all agree with everything in Church is nQt always recQgnized by QPp'Onents. G'Overnments have n'Ot the statement, but it is f'O'Od for used a Christian attitude tQward th'Ought, and he held well the at- tenti'On 'Of his audience.

"I have I'Ooked the wh'Ole planet 'Over, and I see n'O man but Jesus 'Only wh'O is able t'O take away the sin 'Of the W'Orld. I have sat at the feet 'Of the world's crowned religi'Ous leaders, and I have seen all the great religi'Ons in their h'Omes, and I n'Ow kn'Ow that it is Christ or n'Obody. He has n'O competitor in the field. N'O one else has the slightest chance of winning the homage 'Of the entire human race. M'Ore and more He is to me what He was to Saul of Tarsus-'the image 'Of the invisible G'Od.' More and more He is t'O me what He was t'O John the Beloved-'G'Od made manifest in the flesh.' M'Ore and more He is t'O me what He Himself claimed t'O be, the eternal Son 'Of the I'Oving G'Od. To kn'OW Him is indeed life eternal. T'O w'Ork with Him in estabHshing on this earth the kingdom 'Of righte'Ousness and peace and j'Oy, this is what makes my life more and more w'Orth living."-The Rev. Charles E. Jefferson, D.D.

OF MRS. JOHN S

T HE death of Mrs. John S. a far more lavish scale. They made Kennedy, of New York, July princely benefactions to a wide 23, has brought widespread variety of good causes. They sorrow. She was a great Chris- deemed their money a sacred trust tian philanthropist. Many schools, to be used for the benefit of their colleges, hospitals, charitable agen- fellowmen and the advancement of the cause of Christ and they found their greatest joy in doing good with it.

Their wedded life was ideally happy and when their fiftieth wed- ding anniversary was celebrated in 1908 she was delighted when he signalized the day by a gift of a million dollars to the Presbyterian Hospital in New York. When he died in 1909, his will bequeathed many millions of dollars to good causes, six millions being divided between the Presbyterian Boards of Home and Foreign Missions, New York.

After her husband's death, Mrs.

Kennedy continued to give liberally to the causes in which she had long lIRS. JOHN S. KENNEDY been interested. Her mail was at the age of 95, in the academic cap and heavy with appeals, but she read ~own In wblch she received the del;l°ee of everyone and personally answered lfaster of Humane Letters from New York all that were worthy. Her checks University in recognition of her numerous went out in a daily stream, and philanthropies.

cies, missionary boards and Iit- with no publicity so that only a erally thousands of Christian few of her intimate friends knew workers at home and abroad have how much she was doing. When reason to remember her with her eyesight became so impaired gratitude. that she was no longer able to read She was born August 18, 1833, books, she said, "I am so glad I in Elizabeth, New Jersey, the can still sign checks."

daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Cornelius Mrs. Kennedy was a noble wom- Baker. October 14, 1858, she mar- an in every way, distinguished in ried Mr. John Stewart Kennedy, appearance, charming in person- then a rising young banker in New ality, warm in sympathy, widely York. Wealth soon came, and in read in general and particularly time reached large proportions. in religious and missionary litera- But the husband and wife had no ture, and clear and unwavering in thought of spending it upon them- her Christian faith. She was a de- selves. Families whose income voted member of the Fifth Avenue was much less than theirs lived on Presbyterian C h u r c h of New 666 York. While her philanthropies did almost as much more. It may be were widely varied and included said that the sun never sets on the many charitable and missionary territory of her beneficent interest. objects in America, her special in- She knew hundreds of missionaries by terest was in Foreign Missions. name, and kept up her communication She regularly attended the meet- with them and their families to the ings of the Women's Missionary very last days of her remarkable life. Society, and made many gifts to She combined democratic simplicity the Board and to its missionaries. with queenly dignity.

This community has reason to re- She was a generous friend of THE member the great civic contributions MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in money and public service of her and the largest regular donor to its husband when he sat "among the Maintenance Fund. elders of the land"; but of her also it may be said that "her own works A remarkable editorial in the praise her in the gates." New Yark Times of July 28 in- cluded the following: She enjoyed remarkable health The benefactions of the American and vigor until a short time before banker and philanthropist, John S. her death. The end of her earthly Kennedy, born in Scotland just a hun- life came painlessly and peacefully dred years ago, did not cease with his at her summer home in Bar Har- death. Mrs. Kennedy had with re- bor, Maine, within less than a markable sagacity and public spirit month of her ninety-seventh birthadministered what was left in her day. While we sorrow that such a hands. It is said that she made use beautiful and wonderful earthly of no secondary agencies of distribu- life has ended, we rejoice in all that tion, but gave personal attention to all she was and all that she did for her varied interests, writing her own God and humanity. Her long life letters, even learning to use a type- was extraordinary not only in writer after she was 90 years of age that she might do so. length but in richness of fruitage.

She did not merely "reach forth her There is scarcely a country in the hands to the needy," generous though world to which the news of her she was in relief. She gave, for the death has not brought sorrow. greater part, in support of institu- Many home missionaries and other Christian workers in America, and tions and causes devoted to the im- many lonely foreign missionaries provement and strengthening of the in far-distant lands, cherish letters spiritual life of the world. And she from her with sympathetic, engave herself with her gifts, going in couraging words and checks which helped them over some emergency some instances to remote places in order to see for herself the needs and the manner in which the work was being conducted. And wherever she in their work or some personal ill- went schools and missions flourished, ness or bereavement in their famfor her interest was as the dew of ilies. Hundreds of young people Hermon. could speak of the aid that she gave them in getting an education To Foreign Missions she and her which otherwise might have been husband gave upward of ten million beyond their reach. God gave her dollars. They together, it was found much, and she used it as a trust some years ago, had built fifty resi- for Him. When left the earth, dences, ten boys' schools, twelve girls' surely "all the trumpets sounded schools, six hospitals, ten churches, for 'her' on the other side." A. J. B.

besides houses, presses and scores of mission compounds. But she alone

WORK IN MISSIONS

INTERRACIAL RELATIONS BY THE REV. J. J. CLOPTON, Lexington, Kentucky T HERE are t h r e e notable ordained a deacon and sent by pieces of constructive work Bishop Whittle of the Diocese of for the Negro in the South. Virginia, as a missionary to the One is the Armstrong School for Negroes in Brunswick and Meck- Negroes, at Hampton, Virginia. lenburg Counties in the "Black The second is the work of Booker Belt" of that State. He had no as- T. Washington at Tuskegee, Ala- sets, and his first work was to barna. And the last is St. Paul's build a chapel, which he accom- Normal and Industrial School at plished by the aid of white friends. Lawrenceville, Virginia, founded He opened a school January 1, and nurtured to stalwart manhood 1883, in part of the church buildby the Rev. James Solomon Russell. ing and taught himself with his Both Washington and Russell were devoted and capable wife and one slaves, and were educated at assistant. The work grew, and a Hampton. Both have done endur- new building became necessary.

ing and splendid work for their Through the generosity of the Rev. race. One had the backing of the James Saul, a three-room building whole country; the other largely was erected known as the "Saul of his Church. Russell's work de- Building," and this was the first serves to be more widely known of the buildings of the school.

for he has made it a great moral The vision of Russell was a force with religion an integral school that would train the heart part of it. by religion, the mind by Qooks, and When the Civil War closed, Rus- the hand by trade. An opportunity sell was an ignorant little slave occurred to carry out his vision, boy. He had a great desire to matured by prayer and practical learn. He lived in what is known needs. He did not have a penny as the Black Belt of Virginia, to buy what he saw was a great Mecklenburg County. Encouraged opportunity, a plot of land of over by his mother, he worked diIi- three acres. He went to the owner gently, and mastered all available and offered to buy the land and knowledge in the rude country give his notes. The offer was acschool. He entered Hampton In- cepted. With equal faith, he con- stitute, and after a time left it to tracted for buildings and material teach. He then returned to Hamp- with not a dollar in hand or ton and graduated. His eyes pledged. The purchase was made turned to the ministry. A copy in July, 1888, and work on the of the Prayer Book of the Prot- buildings started the same month. estant Episcopal Church fell into September 24, 1888, the Normal his hands, and after diligent study School was opened with three of it he decided to enter that teachers and less than a dozen Church as a minister. He entered scholars. the Theological School in Peters- Year by year, under the able burg, Virginia, and in 1882 was and consecrated efforts of Mr. Rus- 668 sell, the work has grown. The and paid taxes on property as- school at this time embraces a sessed at $750,000.

farm of 1,600 acres, 36 buildings, A law-aQiding colored popula- a faculty of 50 members, and a tion has been built up, unsur- student body of 800. All of the passed in any part of the country, buildings have been erected by the and an inter-racial feeling, like- students, with the exception of the wise unsurpassed. No graduate of steel work in one of the buildings. St. Paul's has ever been cited be- Many of the buildings are memori- fore a court, and many of the als given by both northern and homes and barns of the white com- southern friends. The graduates munity have been built by pupils number 1,000 and 10,000 have been of St. Paul's.

undergraduates-. The value of the An editorial in the Richmond property is $400,000. News-Leader, included the follow- The school now embraces a fully ing remarkable tribute: accredited high school, a funy ac- When the pessimist becomes intolercredited State Normal for training able in his talk about the race probteachers, a School of Agriculture, lem, buy him a ticket to Lawrenceand a Trade School that offers four ville, Virginia, and tell him to inspect trades for girls and a choice of St. Paul's Normal and Industrial sixteen for boys. Its graduates School. Because they will work at come from half the states of the any honest job, the students of St.

Union. With all its growth it has Paul's have the goodwill of the whole kept its essential character as a community. Perhaps there is a religious or parish school, so much stronger reason for this than the atso that it is referred to as the mosphere of hard work and goodwill. greatest parish school in the coun- The spirit has its origin in the head try. A great company has gone of the School, that very remarkable forth as teachers, ministers, physicians and skilled mechanics, a con- man – Archdeacon James S. Russell. He brings Christianity, common sense, and racial understanding with labor structive force whose power is felt in equal components. He is accom- over the whole of the United plishing a notable service for the States. Negro in the South, and he and his A part of Mr. Russell's work for School deserve the support that will enable them to meet the opportunity a number of years has been a that opens more widely to St. Paul's "Farmers' Conference" for the col- the longer its gates are open. ored farmers of the community.

Its beneficent influence outside of After forty-eight years of inde- the schoolroom has been evidenced fatigable labor, Archdeacon Rus- by the disappearance of one room sell recently resigned the principal- cabins, the development of neat ship and became Principal Emeri- homes, and the acquisition by Ne- tus with salary continued. His groes of thousands of acres of son, the Rev. James Alvin Russell, farm land. A recent report showed succeeds his venerable father and that Negroes in that community is qualified in every way to carry owned over 54,000 acres of land, the school to greater success.

SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS OF WORLD

BY ESTHER BOWMAN, Elmira College T HE mission field has always Dr. Scudder, the first of the three attracted many graduates of generations of Scudders who en- Elmira, the first college for riched India by their lives, whose women, founded in 1855, at EI- setting forth of its needs so mira, New York. Nearly every gripped me then as a young Chris- class since its opening has sent at tian, and whose unique way of least one missionary to the home clinching his appeals by having us or foreign field. Most of the in- sign a pledge either to go or to formation concerning the earliest give for India so moved me that I missionaries is the result of the never got away from it.

efforts of Mrs. Louise Parsons Ab- However, an old suitor felt sure bey, '72, a missionary herself for that he could not get along with- many years in China and Turkey. out me; so until his death I helped Recently, Miss Ernestine French, him, and then, on his deathbed, he Alumnae Secretary at Elmira, re- renewed the call, knowing my ceived from Mrs. Abbey a letter in heart had been in India. I said, which were enclosed excerpts from 'What! at my age?' 'Yes, you've a messages received by her during long life before you.' Hence, at the past five years from Elmira's sixty-four, finding that my services missionaries. About six years ago, would be acceptable at Pandita Mrs. Abbey wrote, she began send- Ramabai's mission, a missionary ing letters to all the missionaries whom I had met twenty-five years she knew or had heard of, asking before in Syracuse, N. Y., I went them for information concerning out at her invitation, bearing my their own work and that of other own expenses. I was with her five Elmira graduates in the mission months, helped her translate the field. four Gospels from the Latin for In the seventy-five years of its her Marathi New Testament. I history, 47 girls have gone out to also had charge of the training de- represent Elmira in nearly every partment of Bethel Evangelists.

part of the world. Forty have been Then duty called me to a near-by sent to the foreign fields-China small city in much need of a teach- and Turkey especially, but Elmira er, and for nine months I carried missionaries have worked in Ha- on a select school with 34 interest- waii, Japan, Africa, India, Persia, ing native and English pupils. The Syria, Korea, Egypt, South and requirements were also to superin- Central America. Seven have been tend Sunday-school, which I did engaged in home missionary work gladly. Finally, securing a govern- in the United States. ment grant which would reduce The earliest graduate to become rates for them, I closed after four a missionary was Mrs. Margaret months' evangelistic work, mainly Dobbin Church, '67, who was sent among soldiers, helping 45 prepare to India. In her reply to Mrs. Ab- for death, in cooperation with a bey, she said, "My call to India missionary and his wife, when they came when I was fifteen, through were called to the front. But I 670 was held in Jansi for general evan- she stretched out a hand of love gelistic work. As the World War and opened the Ming Sam School.

began, however, advices general Now more than 300 have been res- called me home in 1914. I was cued, and SO have been graduated.

sorry to leave under such sad cir- Her love is like the love of a par- cumstances, but I am glad I went, ent, a teacher, and a friend. We and hope to be counted a link in could not accomplish in ninety the world round chain of volun- years what she has done in forty- teers." five."

Three more Elmira girls went The second graduate to work in to India. Joan B. Van der Spek, China was Mrs. Abbey, '72, who ex. '27, now living in Oxford, Eng- has compiled much of the informa- land, was sent by the American tion about the missionaries. She Congregational Board of Missions, did her work in Soochow and Nan- and Ethel Nichols, '18, went to king, but has not mentioned just Guahati, Assam. Mrs. Ida Walker what her work was.

Merrill, '22, is another representa- Of the six other "Elmirans" in tive, who went first for three years, China, messages were received and now has just returned to India from four. Two were from the with her husband after a furlough. graduates of '07. The first is from The classt)s from '70 to '80 gave Mrs. He1en Harshaw Gold, who seven more missionaries. Turkey says: "I did not realize that there and China each received two, Per- were so many Elmira girls on the sia, Syria, and the United States mission field. Elmira College was each one. Of those in China, Dr. the source of my first inclination Mary Niles, '75 has served the toward the work of the Y. W. C.

longest. She has been for forty- A. as a career, and my first intro- six years, in Canton. Her work in duction into that organization was the School for the Blind was very when I helped paper the room practical. She translated a text- which was then used for the Asso- book on obstetrics into Chinese, re- ciation. Well do I remember the vised and enlarged Dr. John G. stiffness of my neck following the Kerr's textbook in Chinese, pre- putting of paper on the ceiling. I pared a primer in Cantonese pho- had always had a desire to do mis- netics, established the first school sionary work, and when I found a for the blind, and later founded niche where I thought I might fit three other similar schools. In Oc- in, I embarked for Foochow, tober, the School for the Blind cele- China, in 1915, under the Foreign brated the forty-fifth anniversary Department of the Y. W. C. A.

of her arrival in China. The fol- Foochow had been waiting some lowing tribute was paid her by the time for the organization of the principal, Miss Chan: "Dr. Niles's Association. After spending two first purpose in coming to China years in the pursuit of the Chinese was to seek the salvation of souls. language, I was partially ready to She healed many sick and always begin active service, and we or- told them of the Saviour who came ganized the Association in 1918.

to die for them. When she saw the People are the same the world blind who could not be cured and over, and it is astonishing how like those for whom there seemed no American ones are the problems in salvation for either body or soul, China. Yet there are some that

are peculiar, one of them being Rose Hiller Talman, whom Helen that of trying to get your ideas Harshaw Gold met at the picnic described above. She is now at across by means of a vehicle of home on account of the health of expression in which you are not her children. She writes, "I had very expert. The joy of beginning the pleasure of going back on the a new work like that of the Asso- same steamer with Dr. Niles when ciation is the very close and inti- we returned five years ago. We mate contact with the finest of belong to the Amoy Dutch Re- Chinese womanhood, and the formed Mission here." friendships that result therefrom. In 1919, I was married to Mr. Gold, The latest representative from a Y. M. C. A. secretary. After this, my work became volunteer. Be- Elmira in China is Clara Tingley, cause of the interdenominational '29, from whom Mrs. Abbey also character of the "Y," I had the joy heard. It is interesting to note of working, not only in the "Y. W.," but also in the different mis- that she has gone to the very work sions in Foochow. At one time I which Dr. Niles has just laid down was helping in the English Episcopal Girls' School, the Methodist in the Ming Sam School for the Institutional Church, and the Blind. Miss Tingley says, "I often American Board School for Girls. Contacts were increased, and think of Elmira and the dear friendships formed in that way. friends and the good times. I wish I might bring every Elmira girl "My contacts with Elmira folks in China were limited. Rachel out here and show her the need. Brooks of my own class, I saw It is almost staggering. The only once. She was with the Associa- schools which amount to anything tion in the National Office in are the mission schools; but they Shanghai. One night in Kuliang, need so many more of them. The our summer resort, we were" hav- masses of the people have not even ing a picnic and someone suggested been touched by educatiOlJ1. At that we go around the circle and present I am studying the langive the name of our Alma Mater. guage two hours a day, and spend Much to my surprise, someone the rest of the day doing secretarisaid, "Elmira College." I was so al work. The language is very inastonished that I said, "So am 1." teresting but quite difficult. One That one was Mrs. Rose Hiller almost has to be a good singer to Talman, '13." learn it, and I am not that. How- ever I struggle along with my Of her work in China, Rachel tones and hope to get the right one Brooks, '07, says practically noth- some day." ing. She went out in 1920 to Shanghai, where she did Y. W. C. Next to China in number of mis- A. work. For a few months she sionaries comes Turkey. Elmira was at Ginling College, Nanking, has given eight to this country. where she met Ruth Chester, who The earliest was Mrs. Emma Spenhad been a professor at Elmira in cer Hubbard, ex. '75, who worked 1916-17. at Sivas, Asia Minor. The classes of '90, '91, and '97, and '22, each The third "Elmiran" from furnished one; of '19, two. It was whom Mrs. Abbey heard was Mrs. in memory of Mrs. Caroline San- borne Adkins, '19, that new hym- nals were presented to the College,

THE JAPANESE STUDENTS' CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION

each one of which has a bookplate Pennsylvania, New York and Okwith Mrs. Adkins' picture. lahoma. All have been graduated since the opening of the twentieth Of the missionaries in Persia, Century. the best known to present Elmira students is Lois Elder, supported From Elizabeth Bodle, '04, in by the College. Sent in 1927 for Guatemala, comes a plea for Spanthree years, she returned home on ish students trained in Gospel furlough this June, an event for work. "The Central American which the College eagerly waited. Mission is evangelistic in its ef- forts, simple in its management Another missionary with whom and aggressive in its spirit. I have the College is well acquainted is been teaching Spanish at Kings- Dr. Caroline Lawrence, '91, physi- wood and Frankfort Colleges. I cian of the College but at present do hope that Elmira's Spanish deon leave of absence. Dr. Lawrence partment is training for Gospel was for twelve years a missionary work in our Southwest. We must in Egypt, where she built up a give them the Word!" clinic, outpractice, and a hospital for women and children at Tata. Every message sent to Mrs. Ab- bey expressed an earnest desire to Little is known of the workers be present at the seventy-fifth anin other countries. Nearly all in niversary of the founding of El- South or North America are in Y. mira College, and, as many have W. C. A. work or are sent out by arranged to have their furloughs some mission board. There are this year, there should be a gather- Elmira graduates in Guatemala, ing of many of Elmira's 47 mis- Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Labra- sionaries. dor, North Carolina, Virginia, THE JAPANESE STUDENTS' CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION BY GEORGE IWASHITA President Of the Association I N SUCH a world of hetero- tivation of better understanding geneous cultural and econom- between America and Japan. The ical mixture every effort to Japanese Students' Christian Asstrengthen the ties of international sociation in North America was friendship is worthy of notice and organized in 1924, among other encouragement. The J. S. C. A. things, to utilize this opportunity plays a good part in this universal of exchanging the best of America program as an organ of such pro- and the best of Japan, especially motion. through Christian fellowship and cooperation. Today there are over There are 1,500 Japanese stu- twenty-five chapters all over the dents now studying in American country. colleges and universities. These potential "ambassadors of friend- The Association is the only ship" and future leaders of Japan Christian Japanese organization of occupy strategic positions of im- its kind which is national in scope. measurable importance in the cul- It has passed its incipient stages 3

and is now in its formative period, and study tours, mail service, in- requiring administrative skill and troducing students to American sound judgment. Ever since its homes, finding rooms, employment, organization, it has maintained the purchasing, counsel in personal highest spirit of service for the and religious problems, etc.; con- welfare of Japanese students in ferences and conventions, cooper- America, and it has done much to ating with 25 local chapters in convenience the life of Japanese large student centers; a central Christian leaders-to-be. office to carryon the above and Six years ago, when our prede- other miscellaneous activities of cessors founded this organization, the J. S. C. A.

it was merely to be an experiment Though there is danger of its toward the promotion of interna- passing inadvertently into a com· tional friendship through Chris- placent institution of a common- tian fellowship and cooperation. place routine mechanism, there is Today, the J. S. C. A. is a proven evident a sufficient spirit of adven- institution, serving hundreds of ture, supplemented by an inspired Christian Japanese stu den t s courage, to keep it supplied with throughout the United States, Can- energetic human resources in order ada and Hawaii through its several to serve more fully the Japanese activities as outlined below. students in America. The move- The activities of the Association ment passes continually through include a student bulletin, a a process of development and it is monthly organ, 3,000 copies of at a stage now when it requires the which are distributed free to all sympathetic understanding and Japanese stu den t s and their support from our friends.

friends in America and in Japan; Enthusiasm may run high, hopes student directory, listing all Jap- may soar, and dreams may form anese students in the institutions effulgent rainbows at the end of of higher learning in North Amer- the trail; but they will drift away ica; pamphlets; a circulating into the thin air of emptiness un- library; a press room, to help J ap- less some of them are empirically anese students in purchasing books tested in the daily office work of at considerable saving; secretarial our national office. Nearly all our visitation trips to strengthen the work is made possible through the J. S. C. A. movement, help Jap- voluntary gifts of our friends. The anese students in their various J. S. C. A. movement, in fact, has problems, and to speak before been successful so far through American audiences and cultivate their generous support, and we are better American-Japanese under- confident that the work will be standing; practical services such carried on with their continued as information on colleges and uni- cooperation and financial assist- versities, schedules for traveling ance.

PRAYER "Beloved Master, who has said, 'Blessed are the pure in hf'urt, for th<,y shall s('e Gort,' cleanse our bearts from the defilement of physical df'sirt". V(' would rise with Thpe and gain those things which are above th(>se bodies of the earth. We st'ek thi" of'unty of thy face and the loveliness of thy soul. 'Ve know that only as WP are purified from phYSIcal desire can we see God, that God is dimmed a.fi(l unreal to lIS whf'n our h('nrts ure unholy. Dear Master, we would know Thee in the full power of thy Rf'folnrrection. CI('anAe us from all unworthiness, that we Ulay see Thee as thou art. Amen."-From "H-i1J G~OriOU8' Borly," by Robert Norwood.

OF SIMON

T HE report of this Commis- pletely abolish the "dyarchy" form of sion, which was appointed by government, which was tentatively the British Government in set up in India, but would substitute for it ·stronger provincial Legislatures 1927 to study conditions in India, and a central Legislature having broad was awaited with keen interest powers of law-making for all India, not only in India and Great Britain and creating, in effect, a Federated hut throughout the civilized world. India. The report has now been published in two bulky volumes. We assume Inevitably, certain powers are rethat comparatively few of our served to the British Government, or to the Governor-General in India. readers will have access to these National defense is not to be turned volumes and yet that all desire to over to native hands. In fact, they know their general character. In do not desire it. Even the party in India which demands immediate inview of the bearing of the subject dependence has been willing to leave upon conditions which affect mis- the military power under the control sionary work in the great mission of Great Britain. In a similar way, field of India, perhaps we can do the foreign relations of the new Inno better than to cite the editorial dian Government are to be conducted on the subject in the New York from London. Nor shall the central Times of June 24th as follows: Legislature have power to enact meas- The second and substantive part of ures affecting "the religion or reli- the Simon report on India is made gious rites and usages of any class of public today. It comprises more than British subjects in India." It cannot 300 printed pages and can for the repeal or amend any act of a local moment be dealt with only in sum- Legislature, nor any act or ordinance mary fashion. From the beginning, made by the Governor-General. These it is evident that the commissioners are serious limitations, and doubtless approached their heavy and compli- will be, at first, rejected with scorn by cated task with kindly recognition of the advocates in India of full domin- the aspirations of the people of India. ion status. But some of the restric- In the very forefront they speak as if tions, at any rate, are necessary in their marching orders were: "The order to safeguard the rights of solemn pledge of the British people minorities in India, and also to pre- with regard to the progressive realiza- vent the provincial Legislatures from tion of responsible government in being overriden by the central legis- British India." Yet in the text of lative power.

the act under which the Simon Com- It is interesting to note that Burma mission was appointed, it was stated is to be left entirely out of the new that its functions would be to "ex- governmental scheme. The report tend, modify, or restrict" the experi- states that it is not really a part of ment in self-government which has India and was included in it only by been going on ever since the India act a sort of "historical accident." Spe- of 1919. Accordingly. the Simon cial provisions are also to be made for Commission was legally empowered, the government of the Northwest if it saw fit, to recommend withdraw- Provinces. On every page of the re- ing a certain degree of the home rule port appears evidence of the scru- which had been granted to India. pulous care and the heavy sense of But nothing of that tenor appears in responsibility with which the com- the report. It would .indeed com- missioners set about their work. They 675

hope that it need not be repeated. civil service and police still remain Very sensibly they point out the under complete control of the Secreanomaly and misfortune of pulling up tary of State for India. Provincial the Constitution of India by the roots autonomy is given, it is true, accordevery ten years to see how it is grow- ing to the views generally expressed, ing. Far better would it be to leave but while it is given to the country it alone for its natural development. with one hand, the increased powers of overriding granted to the Pro- In conclusion the Simon report vincial Governors withdraw it with states that it makes no reference to the other. recent events in India, since before they occurred the recommendations That the army ,should cease even now made had been arrived at unani- to rely on the Legislature for indorsemously. The commissioners declare ment of its estimates and should bethat they feel it needful to "look be- come entirely independent of Indian yond particular incidents and to take Government control is a third objeca longer view." They express the tion. That the power of the purse hope that whatever the verdict of should not be vested in the Provinces "our Indian fellow-subjects" may be is held out as another objection which on the proposals of the report, at least cannot be surmounted. it will be admitted that they have been put forWard in a "spirit of gen- The report must remain boycotted uine sympathy." No impartial reader by the Nationalist movement, in the of the whole report can doubt that opinion of the Pandit Motilal Nehru, this is true. Acting President of the Nationalist Congress and the active leader of the A later dispatch from Bombay movement. "We simply shall not pay to the New York Times says: the slightest heed to it," he said to- day, while asserting he had not yet The long-heralded Simon Commis- read it. "It is an ample vindication sion recommendations are universally of the boycott placed by our Congress rejected in British India. The opin- people on the Commission." ions expressed range from indignation at what is described as "this It would be futile to attempt to latest insult to the motherland" to forecast what may follow. The views of the more moderate elements agitation is likely to be long conof Liberals, Nationalists and Moslems, tinued. Missionaries in India are who counsel patience with a view to in a position of great delicacy and the approaching round table confer- difficulty. Never has there been a ence, urging in the meanwhile that the time when the followers of Christ report should be simply ignored. more needed to heed the exhorta- tion of Christ,"Be ye therefore The denunciation of the recom- wise as serpents, and harmless as mendations is based for the most part doves." on four points. The most important of these is the fact that the Indian FIGHT CANCER WITH KNOWLEDGE BY MRS. ELLA H. RIGNEY Of the American Society for the aootraj Of aancer T HE great unsolved problem approach is being used. Cancer is of the medical world is the becoming more and more a men- cause and cure of cancer. The ace, partly of course because more keenest minds in the profession are people are living to the age when concerned, and every method of it most often occurs. In India, for

A NOTABLE UNDERTAKING

instance, where the average length the places where it can be obtained. of life is only 26 years, cancer is It is this task which has been un- less frequent than in America dertaken by l'he American Society where the average is much longer. for the Control of Cancer. Educa- Long observation has proved that, tional work is carried on by means although the disease sometimes oc- of lectures, radio talks, moving pic- curs in young people, it is much tures, pamphlets, newspaper and more frequent after the age of 35. magazine articles, advertisements in magazines, outdoor advertising, One of the greatest obstacles in and cards in street cars. The chief the control of cancer is the pop- function of the society is to put ular belief that the disease is before the public the results of incurable. This prevents many chemical and laboratory stUdies, people from admitting even to all of which point to the fact that themselves that symptoms may early recognition and prompt and mean the beginning of a cancer and proper treatment offer the best from seeking competent advice chance for arresting the disease. when its presence can no longer be It has adopted for its slogan the hia<1en. Untreated or improperly phrase – "Fight Cancer with treated cancer is, it is true, always Knowledge," and its message has fatal; but is is not an incurable well been called a message of hope. disease. In many cases, when prop- er treatment has been begun at an In all its work it has the most cor- early stage, growth is arrested. dial cooperation of hospitals. The The popular belief that cancer office of The New York Committee is incurable must therefore be ov- of the Society is at 34 East 75th • ercome so that patients will seek Street, New York, and requests re- physicians earlier in the course of ceived there have prompt response. the disease. This can be done only Pamphlets are sent free of charge, through education of the public, and persons desiring diagnosis and placing the facts before it in sim- treatment and unable to afford a ple, untechnical language, com- private physician are referred to a bined with information as to what suitable hospital with a card of in- constitutes proper treatment and troduction.

A NOTABLE UNDERTAKING Laymen's Foreign Missions Inquiry its principles and policies, and if there are any weaknesses or errors For some weeks a group of lay- they would like to have these men have been working, on their brought to light for their own sake own initiative, upon a project for as supporters of the enterprise and a study of foreign missionary also for the sake of the movement work. Their attitude and pur- itself. pose are wholly sympathetic. They have in mind doing something that The undertaking is a spontamay help to give the foreign mis- neous and independent movement, sionary enterprise a new impetus. acting with the full knowledge and At the same time they want to approval of the Boards. The folmake any contribution they can lowing statements have been predirectly or indirectly toward pared by the Executive Committee strengthening the undertaking in of the Inquiry.

Communication to the Missions explain the Inquiry to leading mem- A group of lay men and women rep- bers of the churches so as to avoid misconceptions, and to ensure readier resenting tEhepisBcaopptailsta, nCdoPnrgersebgyattieorniaal~ response by the pastors, teachers and Methodist other workers who may later be con- sulted by the inquirers. denominations, and deeply interested in the foreign mission Boards of their churches, have offered to make pos- Details of the Plan sible a study to be undertaken in a constructive spirit, of the work, prob- On May 28, 1930, four groups, each lems and opportunities of the missionary enterprise in Japan, China and consisting of five lay men and women, India, including Burma, without expense to the Boards. The group is c?nnected respectively with the Bapcomposed of committees of five from each denomination, appointed by the tIst, Congregational, Methodist and laymen themselves, but in each instance with the full knowledge and ap- Presbyterian churches, formed themproval of the Boards. ,selves into a Committee to sponsor the The study is to be called the Laymen's Foreign Missions Inquiry. Laymen's Foreign Missions Inquiry The fact-fi'nding has been entrusted which is described below. While these to the Institute of Social and Religious Research, whose studies of the four groups were self-appointed, their Church and of Home and Foreign Missions (for example, The World common purpose was fully known and Missionary Atlas), have set a high standard. The directors of the Insti- approved by their denominational fortute are Dr. John R. Mott, President; Professor Paul Monroe, Recording eign mission societies. Secretary; Dr. Trevor Arnett, Treasurer; Dr. James L. Barton, Dr. Ken- The Committee, at its second meetyon L. Butterfield, Bishop Francis J. McConnell, President Ernest H. Wil- ing, June 12, adopted the substance of kins. The Executive Secretary is Mr. Galen M. Fisher, who is to be the gen- the following statement, but June 25, eral director of the fact-finding process. The fact-finding staff will be when the officers of the Committee met composed in part of persons experienced in methods of research sent with the executive secretaries of seven from the United States and in part of persons resident in the field. of the mission Boards, the definition The appraisal is to be made by a of the Purpose was amplified and sevcommission of eminent Christian men eral suggestions were made regarding the problems to be explored. _ At this date only the four denomi- national groups above mentioned have been fully constituted, but laymen in the United Presbyterian Church, the Reformed Church in the U. S., the Episcopal Church, and the Reformed Church in America have been invited to form similar groups.

The Executive Committee of the sponsoring Committee consists of Al- bert L. Scott, Chairman; James M.

Speers, Treasurer; Frank E. Bar- rows, Secretary; Frank A. Horne Franklin A. Warner. '

and women well versed in the church I. PURPOSE and evangelism, education, women's . The general purpose of the Inquiry work, medicine, sociology, and eco- IS to make a comprehensive, objective nomics. and penetrating appraisal of Foreign The exact methods of cooperation Missions, primarily as represented by members of the Mission will be ex- by the participating denominational plained in due time by the Director of groups in order the fact-finding staff, but it might ex- 1. To aid Christian leaders in ex- pedite matters if the Secretary of p~nd!ng, readjusting or recasting the each Mission and one or two other mIssIonary enterprise, so that it will members were appointed to give such result in making Jesus Christ more special help and counsel as may be widely and more fully known, loved called for. It would also be well to and obeyed, and will minister more

adequately to the needs of mankind in data assembled by the technical staffs accordance with His purpose and and of their own observations, inideals; and quiries and experience.

2. To aid laymen in intelligently de- There will be a general director for termining their attitude and discharg- the fact-finding study and associate ing their responsibility toward For- directors as may be required for the eign Missions. individual fields.

II. SCOPE By adopting uniform procedures and instruments for the core of the For the present, the Inquiry abroad study in all the fields it is expected will be limited to Japan, China and that much of the corresponding data India, including Burma. Data will be will be comparable and that they will gathered regarding (1) the condi- point to some signi1icant general contions of life and thought in those clusions. The plan, methodology and countries and (2) the history, achieve- presentations of data will be checked ments, aims, policies, personnel and by the Institute staff according to activities of the missionary bodies usual procedure. concerned and of the related agencies in those fields. Attention will be VI. FACT-FINDING given to both current conditions, and The Institute of Social and Relito trends during recent decades. gious Research has been engaged to III. PROBLEMS TO BE EXPLORED conduct the fact-finding and to pre- pare the results for the use of the The range of the problems to be ex- Appraisal Commission. plored is implied in the statements of Purpose and Scope. Several specific VII. SCHEDULE problems have been suggested by the It is expected that the entire In- Laymen's Committee, by the Secretaries ~f the Mission Boards, by mis- quiry will require between two and a sionaries on furlough, and by other half and three years, divided among qualified persons. To these others preliminary preparations, fact-finding, will doubtless be added as the result appraisal, and preparation of findings. of ·suggestions in the field as the In- The fact-finding is to be done during quiry proceeds. It should be said, 1930-31 and the appraisal during however, that within the short period 1931-32. allowed for the fact-finding it will obviously be necessary to focus attention VIII. RELATIONS WITH BOARDS AND on a few major problems. MISSIONS IV. DATA The Boards concerned have ex- Full use will be made of the exten- pressed full approval of the Inquiry, sive data recently assembled in other in view of the values which they anprojects, but much additional fact- ticipate will be realized for the Boards finding will be necessary. Coordina- and for the missions in each field. tion will be effected with the studies projected by the International Mis- The executive officers of each of the sionary Council and the various Na- Boards concerned will write a letter tiona! Christian Councils. to the various missions requesting their hearty collaboration and enclos- V. STAGES AND PROCEDURE ing a copy of this statement.

The study will consist of two major IX. BUDGET stages, (1) fact-finding by technical The Inquiry will be conducted withstaffs, and (2) appraisal by an Appraisal Commission of eminent per- ~ut expense to the mission Boards, sons who will visit the fields and ar- the cost of the fact-finding being rive at judgments on the basis of the borne by the Institute of Social and Religious Research and the cost of the Appraisal Commission, and all other expenses being borne by the Laymen's Committee.

Economy gain and called only 50,000

killed the rest.' The unemployment situation continues to be serious. Its effects upon "Fear is injuring business today to home and foreign missionary work a far greater degree than current conwere referred to in the August num- ditions," said the banker. ber of THE REVIEW. Another disturbing effect is being felt by the religious It is right, of course, that Christian weekly papers and the monthly mis- men and women should exercise reasionary magazines, some vf whose sonable economy. But it is odd that subscribers have written that they they should begin by penalizing the cannot afford to renew their sub- home and foreign missionary work of scriptions. their churches and the periodicals which report and promote that work As a matter of fact, the actual sit- and keep them informed regarding it. uation is not as bad as many people The subscription price of THE MISimagine. Home and foreign mission- SIONARY REVIEW, for example ($2.50), aries are receiving their full salaries means only five cents a week. Does as usual. Pastors' salaries have not anyone really need to economize by been reduced, save in a very few ex- cutting off that small sum? So far ceptional instances. Most people whose from economizing on their religious income was derived, wholly or partly, papers and missionary magazines, this from bonds and stocks are as well off is the time to stand by them not only as they were before, for the large by maintaining but increasing their majority of corporations have not re- circulation. Surely the work of God duced their dividends. People who is no less important now than forhad bought on margins, and others merly.

who have lost their positions are, of New Code of Motion Pictures course, in trouble; but presumably few of the readers of THE MISSIONARY The enormous and increasing influ- REVIEW had been speculating in the ence of motion pictures has created a stock market. problem which affects Christian A prominent banker was reported workers both at home and abroad.

in the New York Evening Post of The average weekly attendance July 16 as saying: "More than 50 per throughout the world is reported to cent of the present trouble is fear," be 250,000,000, of whom 135,000,000 and he told the following story: are in other countries and 115,000,000 "Many years ag'o the angel of death in America. Allowing for those who appeared to a powerful desert sheik are physically unable to go (children and demanded 50,000 of his followers. under five years of age, the sick, etc.) The sheik agreed to the pact on the these figures mean that a number expromise that death would take no more ceeding the entire mobile population than 50,000. In the scourge that fol- of the United States attend moving lowed 200,000 died. When the angel pictures in an average week, the miagain appeared, the sheik reproached nority who do not go being offset by him, saying: 'You agreed to take 50,- those who go more than once. There 000 and you took 200,000.' Replying, is hardly a village in the United States the angel ,said: 'I stuck to my bar- and Canada without a picture theater, 680

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

hardly a city without a dozen or more, read it to them, and told them that hardly an audience without scores, they expected the code to be observed sometimes hundreds, of children. in all pictures hereafter made. Films made in the United States give myriads of people in Asia, Africa and Responsibility of Mr. Hays South America ideas, often distorted, of the country from which the mis- It is undeniable that many harmful sionaries have come. pictures have been exhibited, and that objections to their injurious influence It is therefore a matter of interest have been well taken. It seems to us to Christians everywhere that The As- unfair, however, to lay the whole resociation of Motion Picture Producers, sponsibility for such pictures on Mr. whose eight constituent companies Hays and Mr. Milliken. They are make 95% of the films shown in the high minded Christian men who have United States, have been led by Mr. been toiling for years amid difficulties Will H. Hays and Mr. Carl E. Milli- that are little understood by the pubken, President and Secretary respec- lic. They have been vehemently optively of the Association, to adopt a posed by unscrupulous men in the new "code to maintain social and com- industry itself. Mr. Hays is not a munity values." We have not space to "Czar" with autocratic powers, as reproduce the five page pamphlet, but many people imagine. While some the following "general principles" in- well-meaning men are demanding his dicate its purpose and scope. dismissal because he has not exercised more restraint, some unscrupulous No picture shall be produced which theater managers are demanding his will lower the moral standards of those dismissal because he has exercised too who see it. Hence, the sympathy of the much; declaring that some of the audience should never be thrown to the moral films that he has been instruside of crime, wrongdoing, evil or sin. mental in having made have lost mon- ey to the exhibitors; that some of the Correct standards of life shall be pre· films against which he has protested sented on the screen, subject only to have been huge financial successes; necessary dramatic contrasts. and that if church people will not sup- port good pictures they should not Law, natural or human, should not be expect theater managers to exhibit ridiculed, nor shall sympathy be created them at a loss. If Christian men were for its violation. to succeed in their effort to put Mr. Hays out, they would play directly into Origin of the Code the hands of the baser element in the industry that is also arrayed against Several writers have called the code him, and incur the risk of having a a result of the recent severe criticisms worse man put in his place. of Mr. Hays and Mr. Milliken in several religious papers. We are reliably A Fa.ir Attitude informed, however, that the code was in preparation long before these crit- When men like Mr. Hays and Mr. icisms were made and that it would Milliken, on their own initiative, after have been published in its present the labor of several years, and against form if they had not been made at all. the vehement opposition of theater Statements have also been made that managers who consider nothing but the code is simply a meaningless "ges- box office receipts, have succeeded in ture," "a moral smoke screen" to mis- persuading the leading motion picture lead the churches, and that "it is producers to cooperate in drafting a entirely possible that most of the mov- code which could not have been more ing picture magnates have not both- satisfactory to the churches if it had ered to read it through." The fact is been written by a committee of minthat the code was worked out in Holly- isters, is it not the right course for wood in prolonged conferences between Mr. Hays and the "moving picture magnates" themselves, that they unanimously approved it, and then assembled their respective staffs,

Christian men to credit them with day of denominational colleges is passsincerity, give them moral support, ing. In this era of growing interand not ridicule them? They stand denominational fellowship there is between Christian people who object less and less disposition to encourage to demoralizing pictures and greedy small, struggling, iII-equipped denomexhibitors who profit by them and inational colleges. angrily resent interference. When they are trying to do what we want In a few states in America and in them to do, why not encourage them? some foreign fields there are denomi- national colleges that are not near A. J. B. enough to other colleges to be united with them. They represent all the op- Problem of Denominational portunity there is for higher educa- tion under Christian auspices. These Colleges colleges of course must be continued and adequately supported. It is clear Denominational colleges are having however that mission boards cannot a hard time both in America and on adequately provide for them out of the foreign field. The trend today is the general budgets on which their toward undenominational institutions evangelistic, medical and other work and state universities. The president depend. Special gifts must be sought of a small but excellent denomination- from individual donors. Board secal college, who recentry came to New retaries do what they can to help, but York to secure funds which were es- they cannot turn aside from their regsential to its continued existence, went ular work and their responsibility for away literally in tears, with not much the general budgets to become finanmore than enough to pay his carfare. cial agents for particular institutions. Union universities solve the problem In the mission field, the denomina- by boards of trustees with highly ortional colleges of the various mission ganized promotional departments. But boards are having an even harder time it is not practicable to set up separate because of distance from their supporting constituencies, lack of local boards of trustees for each of a dozen community appeal to American Chris- or more denominational colleges. tians, and the competition of government and union institutions. It is Should a given board, which has difficult enough to induce a wealthy several denominational institutions American to contribute to a denomi- under its care which cannot be united national college in his own country; with others, set up a joint committee it is still more difficult to induce him with a promotional secretary to handle to give to one in Asia or South Amer- the problem unitedly? Objections may ica. be urged to this method. But the pres- ent plan of depending upon furloughed How Is the Problem to Be Solved1 missionaries is also objectionable. It is unfair to college presidents and the We believe that one way is to unite work which they represent to bring institutions in fields where several de- them home to raise money which the nominations are trying to maintain home church ought to provide on its denominational colleges. In the case of the college president referred to own initiative. What would have been above, there are four denominational said during the World War if General colleges besides a state university in Pershing or several of his major genhis state of less than half a million people. Manifestly those denomina- erals had been called back to America tional colleges should get together. In to whip up interest in the War and the foreign field, a considerable num- raise money for the army in Europe? ber of such unions have already been consummated and others are in proc- Something, however, must be done ess of formation. It looks as if the if these colleges are to live. And we cannot afford to let them die. They are the main dependence for the sup-

ply of ministers, teachers and other are not counted in its population be- Christian workers. It is trite to say cause the state line of the Hudson that the aim of the missionary enter- River classes them in New Jersey, are prise is the establishment of a self- included, the population approximates supporting, self-governing and self- 11,000,000, the largest aggregation of propagating church; but how can people in one place in the world's his- there ever be such a church without tory. A. J. B.

an educated ministry and laity? And Can Human Nature Be Changed ?

how can an educated ministry and laity be secured unless they are Many people assert that it cannot.

trained? Secular state universities Advocates of big armies and navies are not supplying them in America, declare that we must prepare for war and government and Buddhist insti- since the instinct to fight is en- tutions are not doing so ,on the foreign trenched in human nature. Critics of field, especially as many of them are the Church and of Home and Foreign not merely non-Christian but actually Missions tell us that it is visionary to anti-Christian. The churches must imagine that the social order, indus- do this work through their Christian trial and international relations, and age old customs and beliefs can be colleges. The plain inference appears to be the merging of denominational altered; that the Sermon on the colleges into 'union institutions where- Mount is a beautiful theory but that it cannot be put into practical effect. ever there are several such colleges in a given region. This has been success- This is not only the counsel of de- spair but sheer paganism. Human nafully done in China, Korea, and several other foreign fields, and there is no ture can be changed. It is a historical valid reason why it cannot be done in fact that it has changed in the past America. A. J. B. and that it is changing today. Some Big Cities in Mission Fields evils that appeared to be impregnably According to the latest census re- embedded in human nature in former ports of the twenty largest cities in the world, five are in the United States centuries have been overcome in whole -New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit and Los Angeles in the order or in part because human nature has named; seven are in Europe-London, Berlin, Paris, Moscow, Vienna, changed. It is not long since even Leningrad and Budapest; six are in Asia-Osaka (2,333,000), Tokyo (2,- good men were ,saying that slavery 218,400), Shanghai (1,539,000), Hankow (1,500,000), Calcutta (1,327,547), could not be extirpated; that the red and Peiping (1,297,719); and two are in South America-Buenos Aires (2,- light quarters in great cities could 116,284), Rio de Janeiro (2,004,000). not be closed; that prohibition laws Whether New York or London leads is still in dispute on account of the could not be gotten through legisladiffering areas that are computed. tures and Congress; and that a dozen The five boroughs of New York report 6,955,084, and that part of London other things could not be done that which is governed by the London County Council reports 4,605,000. as a matter of fact have been done. "Greater London," that is served by Changing human nature is precisely the Metropolitan police, has 7,915,000; but if the cities and suburbs that are what the grace 'Of God does; precisely within what is known as the "Metropolitan District" of New York, but what the Church was constituted to be the agency of God in doing. Every- time an individual man repents of his sins, gives his heart to Christ, and becomes something that he was not before, hIs nature is changed. The follower of Christ should be the last person in the world to be misled by the objection that human nature can- not be changed. It can be, and, if we may be pardoned the colloquialism, it is up to him to get busy and help to change it. A. J. B.

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

President of the Federation of Woman's Boards for Foreign Missions A CLOUD OF WITNESS'ES, 1930-1931, AS PRESENTED AT EalE DISTRICT MEETING HELD AT GIRARD, PENNSYLVANIA, APRIL 23, 1930, BY THE AUXILIARY OF FIRST METHODIST OHURCH, UNION CITY, PENNSYLVANIA (The special presentations arranged and written by Mrs. P. L. Hatch) STUDY BOOK the old, old story preached by a strange voice. ' Going to the mission A Cloud of Witnesses from whence the preacher had come, CHAPTER 1 he became a Christian and devoted General Topic.-Bible Women and Evangelists. himself to training his six children, Special Presentation of Topic.- of whom Philip-Sarah was the oldest. Twilight Reveries. She has served in all parts of the mis- Character.-Retired missionary in sion field – teaching, preaching and retrospective mood. Looks at portrait album. Selects those about whom she ministering. Her life has been above tells interesting facts. reproach. This woman in our group picture, with covered head, has had sorrow and disaster and also great It is said, somewhere, at twilight peace. She presented the Gospel with A great bell softly swings power. And one may listen and hearken Here in the front row of the photo- To the music that it rings. graph is Soubhayamma wearing the As I sit here in the gloaming, the white sari of a widow. After becomdusky hour of twilight brings to my ing a Christian, her father~in-Iaw heart the music of sweet memories. drove her from the house and she fled Turning the leaves of this old album, to the missi ,n where she teaches in portraits greet me of those whom I the hospital. How well I remember knew across the' sea. "These photo- Krupamma who, in the picture, stands graphs yield an impression of beauty with down-bent head. Although blind, of character-of peace of mind and she has learned to read. Her good usefulness of life." disposition won her many friends.

Here is the picture of a group of K. Mary Ann! There you sit with Bible Women-"most essential of na- a book in your arm. She is lame– tive women workers in mission fields." her trouble incurable. K. Mary Ann Dear Bible Women "who go about in found healing for her heart and soul homes of city and village teaching and remained to tell others what a women and children the Bible and Saviour she had found. Yes, I remem- Christian hYmns." These Bible Wom- ber her so well.

en and evangelists "who must ever And here is Mother Wang with her study to be blameless in personal life palm leaf fan! When Mr. Wang be- and character." came a Christian through hearing the Let me look again-this noble wom- Gospel at Peking, you were deteran in the center is "Philip-Sarah." mined to journey to Peking to hear Her father, passing a bazaar, heard for yourself. With a wheelbarrow for 684

METHODS FOR WORKERS

a car and a strong, sturdy son to serve Some are apostles-some are prophets as motive power, Mother Wang you -some are teachers-and some have traveled 400 miles – or the distance the gifts of healing.

across Pennsylvania. You learned to To you assembled here today, let me read – you became the first Bible quote one of the definitions of teach- Woman of the Mission, serving in ing-"Teaching is the finest of fine every district of the conference. arts. It is more noble than painting, Your beloved son became a preacher for the teacher does not represent his and was killed by the Boxers during ideal on canvas, but makes it live in the rebellion in Peking. Mother the lives of men." "It is fascinating, Wang, you have gone to your reward. because to deal with growing life, and Your last recorded testimony is this: to share in guiding it toward the life "I have trusted Jesus many years and more abundant, is the greatest busi- I shall trust Him to the end." ness in the world."

Miss Christiana Tsai, evangelist in Our Study Book tells us that with the Presbyterian Mission in Nanking, the exception of motherhood, there is China, is so smiling in thi,s photo- no vocation so natural to a normal graph. I wish I might linger with woman as teaching. "Next to the in- my memory of her, but daylight has fluence of the evangelist and Bible almost faded. woman, that of the mission teacher is I can just' distinguish this picture most important." They become train- of Selby who died a cruel death in ers of teachers who are Christian con- Persia. verts.

Here is my picture of Nyang We have time for only a few ques- Ocinda, ·sent to me by an American tions and facts or items of interest missionary in Africa. The child concerning the lives of some of the standing by Ocinda is the babe for teachers (native) in non-Christian whose life she pleaded. She goes up lands. You, who have taken notes and down the banks of the Congo tell- during the training course, will please ing the story of love. Her name will bring us a few leaves from your note- live on and on beyond the limits of books.

the African villages where she labor·s Question 1. What noted teacher so efficiently. . was a vice-principal of Isabella Tho- As I coBe this album, while the burn Col1ege1 darkness is coming on the wings of Question 2. Please quote Miss night, I can sincerely say, "No in- Singh's words spoken at Cincinnati fluence surpasses in importance that in appreciation of the work of those of the woman, be she Persian or at home.

African, Chinese or Indian, who goes Question 3. Have you an item about about among her own people telling Sarah Philip?

the Gospel story with simplicity and Question 4. Have we studied about conviction." any native teacher of JanQ~? And what do you remember about her? Leaves platform humming- "Tell it out." Question 5. Turning our thoughts CHAPTER 2 to China, has someone brought notes on Chinese teachers? General Topic.-The Teacher. Special Presentation.-"Leaves from Question 6. In northern Korea in Our Notebooks." 1884, a little girl was bor t. She was Ckaracters.-Instrudor and Mem- named Pilley Kim. Some notes surely bers of Teacher Training Class. have been preserved about her. (Enter classroom naturally.) Teacher. St. Paul in his letter to Question 7. What can you mention about "Diamond"?

the Corinthians says: "There are di- Question 8. Give name of teacher versities of gifts but the same Spirit." in Bulgaria.

Question 9. WhQ is Margaret hardships, and disappointments of my Stewart? life have taught me to help others."

Teacher. As you go from this train- She has done much to promote the ing class, may you lead others to share growth of the Church in China. in the work of the Kingdom of Love until there shall be "the reality of Miss Yi-Fang Wu was assisted, in finding themselves attuned to the her education, from mission funds innnite." contributed by Americans. She at- tended Gingling College and is now Let us all sing number 410 in the president Qf her Alma Mater.

Hymnal, beginning with the third 6. Mis-sionaries established a Chrisverse. tian school for boys at Seoul. Pilley Kim's brother attended this school Answers to Questions and became a Christian. One day he destroyed the family idols. The moth- 1. Lilavati Singh, born in India, er became an ardent Christian worker near city of Lucknow, Qf Christian -taught the Bible to Pilley and was parents. her constant companion. The new Testament was memorized and recited 2. Miss Singh -said, "I see the work by Pilley Kim who for eight years done by the members of the Women's applied herself to study. She took up Foreign Missionary Society in Amer- work in Columbia University. She is ica is in some respects even harder today, in spite of her achievements, than that of the missionaries you humble in spirit and simple in heart. send out. You have not had the joy of preaching Him to hungry souls, 7. "Almaz" means diamond and was and yet year after year you toil, some- the name given to a little Syrian girl times with an aching body and a dis- couraged heart. To you I bring the by a far-seeing and ambitiou-s Chriswords of Christ-"For I was an hun- tian mother. "She gave 47 years of gered and ye gave me drink; I was a conscientious, faithful loving service." -stranger and ye took me in." 8. Rada Pavlova is a Bulgarian 3. Sarah Philip is the daughter of whose father was killed by the Turks.

Philip Sarah, the Bible Woman. This She became a member of the Protes- Indian teacher is keen of mind and tant church and has taught many the first woman of Guntur to receive 'years in the American Mi,ssionary a B.A. degree. She was noted in the School at Monastir.

University of Madras for her thor- 9. In Africa we find Margaret ough and scientific work in astronomy. Stewart, brought up in Liberia. She 4. Ume Tsuda was one of five Jap- is an intellectual and moral inspira- anese girls to come to America for tion to her people-remarkable for her higher education. In 1898, she was persistence in well-doing.

appointed delegate to the convention CHAPTER 3 of Women's Clubs in Denver where a newspaper said of her, "She delivered General Top i a . – Physicians and one of the best five-minute speeches at Nurses.

the convention, best in composition, Special Presentation.-A Clinic.

best in delivery, grace and voice." Charaaters.-Lady Physician – Pa- She had a nne Christian character- tients and Visitors. Lady Physician her earthlJ labors have recently ended. seated at desk. Enter visitor-presi- 5. Mrs. S. T. Law has been con- dent of W. F. M. S. in "Club Corners."

nected with True Light Seminary in Visitor. "Good afternoon, Doctor, Canton, China, for 40 years. In one beautiful day, but a cold wind."

of her reports she wrote, "Three fac- Doctor. "Have a chair."

tors have made my life possible: Visitor. (Drops into chair.) "Yes, First-born into a Christian home; I am glad to sit. I am tired and second-had the opportunity of Chris- weary and worried. I am not ill, but tian education; third-the difficulties, I worry, worry night and day over our

METHODS FOR WORKERS

Mission Society. The members are in Dor;tor. "Your blood condition a state of lethargy- 'asleep at the 1s-"

switch'-you might say. Can't rouse Mrs. "Run Down." "Yes, yes, ·some of them to come to the regular Doctor-my boil just boils when I meetings. They seem to be able to go think of the large number of women to other gatherings. A lack of de- in our churches who are indifferent to cision leaves them without backbone, the great mission cause." • you understand. Their jawbone is in Doctor. "Just a moment- I will working order and some of the wish- give you a wonderful combination.

bones are always wishing ,somebody Take this bottle to your next mission- else would do their work. Now, ary meeting and give liberal amount Doctor, what would you prescribe 1" to each one. The prescription is made Doctor. "First thing, Mr·s. – – – , up of Dr. Ida Kahn's prayers and en- I would prescribe 'setting-up exer- durancEl–Dr. Ma Sam Sa's determina- cises.' Your friends need to bend tion and vitality-Dr. Kennett's smiles their knees every morning. They and the generosity of Dr. Eva de should find joy in stepping out on the Prayer."

promises. Run with patience-run Enter lady with shoulders lame and and not be weary-they should walk stiff.

and not faint. Strengthen their arms Lame Lady. "Do you think that you -reaching forth hands to the needy. could help my lame shoulders? I have These exercises will help that lethargy. borne so many burdens lately and had Then take the prescription in this to lift on raising our apportionment bottle. Have the members of your until my back feels so weak. My feet Mission Society take liberal doses of get so weary trying to go and invite Dr. Paru's mixture – part of which folks to join the missionary society.

consists of 'being filled with a desire My head doesn't feel just right either.

to help others' and combined with I guess it will take quite a lot of 'being true to her convictions of ointment and different things to right.' If you empty the contents of straighten me up."

this bottle, you will find help in Dr. Doctor. "This bandage will help to Paru's experience combined with make your head feel better. It is full something of Dr. Li's success." (Exit of the account of Dr. Esther Kim Mrs. President.) Pak's faith and courage. Here is a Enter Mrs. "Run Down" (Anemic). new liniment that will help your back "Doctor, I am in such a terrible state. -the foundation of this new com- Everything seems to be the matter pound is the power to overcome ob- with me. Maybe I need something for ,stacles – found by Nurse Araki, of my blood-tonic or something. I am Japan. This ointment will help your swamped with work-one of my neigh- shoulders-has in it, 'continued devo- bors told me to get some swamproot tion and loyalty to duty.' For your -whatever that is-but I always be- feet, I advise shoes made of the prep- lieve in consulting those whose busi- aration of the Gospel of Peace with ness it is to prescribe. What you fix which you may so run that you will up for me will be good for most of our obtain. I have here a ,sample package missionary members. Everyone has of salve for the lips. It is for phy- that rundown condition-loss of appe- sicians and nurses. It contains the tite for wholesome thing.s -lack of virtues of tenderness, devotion, and right exercises – nerves need toning self-sacrifice. I intend to use it con- up." stantly in my practice and prescribe Doctor. "Are you troubled with a it for others." (Exit all.) rash?" Scene II Mrs. "Run Down." "Why, why yes, we all get nervous and do rash The "patients" who have taken the acts." doctor's prescriptions give liberal

doses to the members at the auxiliary Lady speaks-"Here are some in- meeting when the third chapter is teresting quotations from her ad- presented. dresses. This is a good one to think CHAPTER 4 about: General Topicr-Women in Social (Reading.) "Be so busy living that and Welfare Work. you never have time to take thought of dying." Special ·Presenw,tion.-A Bouquet of Good Deeds. A bouquet of flowers Lady picks up another flower, reads is left with a friend who celebrates note attached, turns to page 133, scans her birthday. A note attached to page. "Mrs. Jo certainly has accomflowers accompanied by book (Study plished a unique piece of social serv- Book). ice."

Lady receiving flowers and book Lady finds still another note atreads the following note: tached to poppy. Reads about Mrs. Chen, of China (last paragraph, page DEAR RUTH: 138).

Today marks another happy year Lady. "ThIs book is just brimming for you. Congratulations on thi,s an- over with accounts of good deeds. niversary of your birth. May these Hardly one, striving to aid in social flowers reveal sweet thoughts of happy and welfare work, who does not have times gone by. The book and bouquet a connection with Christian missions will tell you interesting stories of or the child of a Christian family, a some of our sisters in far-off lands. product of the mission 8chool or is a brating my birthday by joining the It would give me so much pleasure under Christian auspice8. I will call if I might enroll your name as a mem- up Naomi and tell her I am celeber at our next missionary meeting. brating my birthday by joining the W. F. M. S. and I will send check for Yours with love and hopes, my dues at once." Exit to telephone. NAOMI.

A beautiful chrysanthemum: And CHAPTER 5 here is a white ribbon with W. C. T. U.

on it. Here is another note. (Reads.) General Topic. – Pastors' W i ve s, "Please turn to page 121 and review Home-Makers and Others.

the life of Kaji Yajima – pioneer in Special PresentatiDn. – A Hearty social service and famous throughout Party.

Japan and the Christian world." Characters.-Several ladies wearing (Opens book and begins reading.) hearts bearing name of a "witness" in Kaji Yajin;lR was the seventh child of Chapter 5. Hostess receiving guests. parents who possessed intelligence and character. Her original name was weHfoinsdtesms.any"Ilnovinnogn-hCeharritsstiwanholmandws~ Katsu, but at the age of 17, watching the cannot always cla,ssify – yet who, rudder of a boat as she crossed a river, above others, perhaps, exhibit the she selected the name of Kaji-meaning rudder. Her matrimonial adventure was beauty and sanctity of the home. one of shipwreck- her husband was a drunkard and unfaithful. After he died Having sent several incvoimtaeti-onps~sItorasm' she secured a position in the schools at lo?king for each to a salary of $3.00 per month. She said that education without religion is only WIves, home-makers and others."

a partial preparation for life. In 1886, A~ guests begin to arrive, the host- Madame Yajima became actively engaged in attacking the gre~t evil of in- ess mtroduces them-"Permit me to temperance. Her memorable journey to introduce (mentions some character) Washington during President Harding's who will speak a few words of her administration was the great event of work." her life. She carried a petition written on rice paper and signed by ten thousand Several characters or "witnesses" of her countrywomen. It was a petition follow. for the ending of all wars. NOTE: All special music and read- ings at this meeting, when Chapter 5

METHODS FOR WORKERS

is used, may be interspersed at this CHAPTER 6 "party." General Topie.-"The Ever-Widen- Hostess (at close of "party"). "We ing Stream." cannot measure the influence of a single life-nothing is more unprofit- Speeial Presentation.-"True Story able than to attempt to measure it. Hour." When asked for the number of his converts, a missionary answered, 'It This chapter may be presented at a is not my business to count converts- combined meeting of Auxiliary and it is my business to win them.' Standard Bearers.

"Dr. Kahn recognized the great im- A Galaxy of Stars – consisting of portance of pointing souls to the Great golden colored stars with the photo- Physician. A lawyer once said to her, graphs of all the "witnesses" mounted 'I am glad you are going back to China upon them, may be placed on the walls as a doctor. Doctors are needed more of room. than missionaries.' 'I do not think so,' answered Dr. Kahn, 'eternity is Have the most interesting of the longer than time.''' stories in Chapter 6 related by good story tellers. For example, the story of a lone woman (page 2()().

THE FOUR ISLANDS A method 'for a visual presentation of the problems and needs of the four Islsnds: Santo Domingo, Haiti, Cuba and Porto Rico. The summaries given are based on "Trailing the Conquistadores," by Samuel Guy Inman, and were prepared and presented at the Home Mis$ions Conference, Northtleld, Mass., July, 1930.

Plan: Four women impersonate the Mrs. Jonathan Cartmell, Cuba, and islands. Each one rises in turn, and, Mrs. Dan Brummitt, Porto Rico.) in first person, presents her problems and makes her plea. The following summaries are given as suggestions of what may be done. Stage Setting: Four chairs, draped in white, arranged in a semi-circle. Haiti Costumes: Each of the four women By MISS FLORENCE ALLEN is dressed to represent the flag of the island which she is impersonating. I am Haiti. I am a small republic (governed by Negroes) but, neverthe- Using a white slip as a foundation, less, I am thickly populated. In fact, white cheese cloth is draped as a I have about five hundred inhabitants Grecian robe. Flags made of cheese to the square mile. I have had a long, cloth in the proper colors are draped dark history, a time filled with petty across the front of this robe, while revolutions. I am 90% Negro and the smaller flag·s are draped across the ·other 10% is mulatto. I am mostly shoulders so as to form small capes. Catholic and my people are filled with A smallllag stuck into the hair makes superstition, ignorance and fear. You an effective headdress, but a band of have sent some Christian missionaries the flag color·s may als'o be worn to me, but there is still much superaround the head if a more elaborate stition and ignorance and fear, and I arrangement is desired. need your help.

Materials needed for each costume: In 1915, you stepped in to help me. 5 yards white cheese cloth; 2 yards I didn't want you at first. – I was of each flag color. (Navy blue cheese afraid. But you have helped me cloth is more effective than any other greatly from a material standpoint. shade of blue.) You have cancelled almost 50% of my debt and you have managed my affairs (At Northfield the costumes were in an efficient manner. But, you have made by Miss Ruth Smith. Mrs. Ed- not trained me to help myself. The ward H. Bancker impersonated Santo treaty you made with me will expire Domingo; Miss Florence Allen, Haiti; 4

in six years and then what am I going We have been on a long, long journey, to do? I want independence, of when the summer sun was hot, course, but I need to know how to manage my own affairs. "If your Through the stinging cold of winter we help is extended in the spirit of have made a weary tramp. brotherhood, tomorrow for me will be full of promise." Gone where duty called us, in the midst of shell and shot, But the evening shades are falling, Soon, we'll all go into camp.

Cuba No hurried aid-de-camp in regulation blue By MRS. JONATHAN CARTMELL Brings the orders that we cannot disobey. My people appreciate fully that you No listening ear can catch the words of the United States have helped them That come to me and you to win their freedom. But, I am ask- That marks the ending of our earthly ing for the annulment of the Platt Amendment. I am dependent upon day. you, but you are also dependent upon Well, we must obey the order, me, because I am only as far from When it comes, we know not how. the United States as Philadelphia is And in marching order light we'll form from New York. and tramp I am one of the most religiously For our guide will surely lead us where the peaceful waters flow. Friends, the shades of night are falling, Soon we'll all go into camp.

enslaved countries of the world. The Santo Domingo (An Allegory) Bible was entirely prohibited within my borders and holding a Protestant By MRS. EDWARD H. BANCKER service was against the law. The other day, some of you heard me say, "I am Christopher Columbus," As late as 1898, when victims of the but, like the little boy who made up Maine disaster were to be buried, my his own bear story, I "ist said that." laws prohibited the reading of Prot- And, now, I want you to believe that estant burial services over the Protes- I am Santo Domingo. tant dead.

A central office and bookstore of I am very old, but I am Phrenix, and the American Bible Society is now I want you to watch me rise from my located in Havana and lines of in- own ashes. But while you are waitfluence reach from there to all parts ing to see the metamorphosis let me of me. tell you a little of my story.

One woman, in a remote part of me, In the long ago of childhood I had found Christ. And as a result of her not many things, but I knew it notwork there are now two Christian or at most, was uncaring. My dress churches. was of green velvet, my front porch the blue-green sea. Then came the I ask for teachers and missionaries. foreigner from far-off Spain. He But what you do for me must be done lured me; I accepted him. He showed quickly.

Did you hear the voices calling me some of his jewels. He asked me To the boys who wore the blue? for mine. But he tired of me when Did you note the quiet way they're break- I had given him my all, and he left me, to look into other eyes and take ing camp? other jewels from my cousins in No ringing shouts of orders cut the eve- Florida and Mexico and Peru.

ning silence through, No call of bugle thrills the evening damp.

Just sets us all to thinking (when we Though I was worn and weary and take the time to think), for,saken, I clung to some of the things he had left me, for they opened Makes us wonder as we watch life's dim- a little window into a world I had not ming lamp, known. Others came and went, and some hurt me and others opened my When the call will come to us, window a little wider. When our feet will press the brink On the rivers of the waters of our ever- lasting camp.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

Years and years, hundreds of them, Porto Rico went by, and then a new suitor came. By CHARLOTTE ANDERSON And I have watched him, oh so carefully, and tried to find out whether I am Porto Rico. Although I am he is worthy or not. very beautiful, that i.s not the thing you notice about me. You can't help He says that I am a child, and .some- but see my people-420 of them to a times he has been very stern with me. square mile. They are keen, alert and I don't like him when he is that way. brainy when given a chance. But look He is quite an old man and he has at my children. Over 60% of them sons who want to play with me—or are near starvation. They are sufferflirt with me (for I think I am grow- ing from disease, poverty and lack of ing up a little now). And I am not education. How Can I ever come into quite sure whether it is me or hi,s the rich heritage that should be mine sons whose interests he really has at if my children do not have a chance heart. Some of them I don't like at to become strong, noble men and all. I'm sure they are selfish. But, women. lately, there have been others who seem kind and sincere, and they are You tell me that Christ is the Fatelling me that their father is like that ther of all. Won't you bring this -that he wants me to grow up and great, good Father to my children th~t respect myself and him and all the they may have their chance to be chilworld, so that I can make all the world dren of whom the Father and I may respect me. If they haven't made me be proud?

actual presents (indeed some of them A list o( blackboard and other helps for visualizing the chapters of "Trailing the have) they have showed me how to Conquistadores," Samuel Guy Inman. make many useful- and some beau- 1. "The Cradle of America." tiful- things for myself, and their A map drill showing how Santo father has loaned me money to do Domingo was the central point these things and tried to show me how of the early explorations and is to manage so that paying back won't thus "the cradle of America." be so very hard. 2. "The White Man's Burden." Some of his sons have tried to open A Conquistadore holding a cross my window very, very wide, so that I in one hand and a lash in the may see what they call the "Son of other. Man," and "Christ the Lord," and they tell me that He can take away all my 3. "The New Caribbean." troubles-all sickness ana pain in my A blackboard design of three large question marks over the body-and that other pain that seems inscription "Whither?"

to hurt in my heart. And that I can 4. "The Dance of the Millions."

be a partner with Him and help other A blackboard design of $$$$$ people to lose their troubles, too. in grotesque attitudes.

People tell me that you are daugh- 5. "The Curse on Ham." ters of my suitor. Now tell me truly, An African drum. as one woman to a distracted sister, can I believe him? Will his selfish 6. "Romance Turned to Roads." sons wear my life away, or are the A design showing a main road kind ones giving me the true picture leading off in various directions of their father? with the words, "Friendly Co- operation" printed on each road. Oh sister,s, I am about to cast myself into the fire! When my Phrenix 7. "Overpopulation and Underfeedarises from the ashes, will you surely ing."

be there to greet and sustain me and A U. S. flag over a picture of the children of one of the 1,700 Porto Rican school lunch rooms, help me to my destiny? eating their one meal a day.

8. "Conquistadores of Today." native boats in the harbor. Small Two statutes: "The Statute of paper figures of the missionaries and Liberty" and "The Christ of the natives were dotted here and there Andes," at opposite ends of the over the island. The center of attrac- blackboard with words "Conquis- tion on the island, however, was a hut tadores of Spirit" written be- built of loaf sugar with a thatched neath. roof made of plug tobacco (showing, of course, two of the chief products of 9. "The Cradle of America." the island) . Small paper tropical (This method is given in detail flowers, tobacco plants, date palms and so that it may suggest the pro- mahogany trees grouped artistically cedure in developing the others around the island, completed a color- given.) ful and educational exhibit of the products of Haiti. A large map of the world is tacked against the wall. Members of the Usable notes taken on an address by group tell the conquests made by the Governor Roosevelt of Porto Rico at a different men. For instance, when a recent banquet in New York City. member of the class says, "Columbus went fr·om Genoa, Italy, to Santo "The extraordinary thing is how Domingo," the one who is conducting little we know of Porto Rico. This is the drill attaches a ribbon of ship tape a g·orgeous piece of thoughtlessness on or serpentine to the proper points on our part. We have not even recogthe map with silver seals, showing the nized that they are our fellow citiroute covered by Columbus. This zens." same procedure is followed for all of the conquests and explorations. All The Porto Ricans are keen, alert of these tapes touch Santo Domingo. and brainy. They are, however, At the close of the drill, a large cradle struggling against a trinity of diffimade from cardboard, painted an at- culties: disease, poverty and lack of tractive color and labeled "Santo education. Domingo" is placed on the floor or table in front of the map and the ends DISEASE of all of the tapes are brought from "Santo Domingo" on the map and Consumption: If this disease is not dropped into the cradle. checked it will become a plague. If money can be secured to fight it on PRODUCTS PROJECT the front line we can keep up with it.

One of the projects that is helpful Malaria: This disease is a plague in studying "Trailing the Conquista- at the present time. dores" by Samuel Guy Inman, is a products project which may take the Hook Worm: There are 600,000 form ·of a products map, products ex- cases of this disease on the island at hibit or products poster. the present time.

The prize winning products project POVERTY at the Northfield Summer School of Home Missions was made on a card- $100 to $150 is the average income. board foundation, but could be re- Over 60% of the population are unemproduced as a sand table exhibit. A ployed and over 60% of the children relief map of the islands of Santo are undernourished and near starva- Domingo and Haiti was made from tion. The usual breakfast is coffee green paper and was surrounded by without cream or sugar. The school the blue Caribbean Sea. lunch is the only other meal most of them get. One father, when he was The ship which brought the mis- asked why he did not send his two sionary to Santo Domingo and Haiti youngest children to the school lunch was shown on the sea, as well as some replied that he thought it was wrong to take the lunches from those of school age.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

LACK OF EDUCATION Usable facts taken from an address given by Dr. lose Padin, Commissioner of While there are 550,000 of school Education of Porto Rico, at a recent banage, only 250,000 attend school. quet in New York City.

"That which keeps many poor to The population of Porto Rico is one make one rich, becometh not a com- and a half million, which means that monwealth."-CromweU. there are 420 people to the square mile of territory. Porto Rican families Possibilities average eight in number.

1. Export of sugar, tobacco, and vege- Of this total population, 600,000 tables in the summer and fall, and are children below fourteen years of canning of vegetables for winter. age. The death rate is two and a half (The foundation of the house in times as great as in the United States. which Governor Roosevelt lives Two hundred thousand of these chil- was laid a hundred years before dren are undernourished. To care for the landing of the Pilgrims at this condition, 1,700 lunch rooms have Plymouth Rock.) been established in the schools. Porto Rico provided $100,000 and the United 2. Practical Education. States has given $75,000 so that 50,- Boys-20,000 experiment gar- 000 children may be given one meal dens are now underway with a day at an average cost of five cents chickens, pigs, etc., for prizes. a meal. Shoe making and furniture making. Heretofore we have Dr. Padin believes that this work been training them for jobs that will be entirely supported by the do not exist. island within five years. Girls–cooking and embroidery. PETITION 3. Social Centers-Fairs. These rural units cost approxi- By ELIZABETH DAVIS RICHARDS mately $10,000. Give me the gift of laughter, oh, I 4. Farm Bureaus. pray, More outside work and less desk work. Though tears should hover near, Give me the gift of laughter for each 5. Markets. day- 6. Industrial Centers. Laughter to cast out fear. No raw material, but a water haul to every market. With Hope to greet the coming of each dawn, 7. Health Units. One doctor and one nurse in And Faith that never dies, each unit. Give me the gift of laughter, oh, I Children are the cornerstone on praywhich a nation is built; an under- Laughter instead of sighs. nourished child is a crumbling cornerstone. He Loves Them All Latin America will be more easily (Recitation for a small boy or girl) influenced by friendship than by col- With Him there is no red or black, umns of figures. No Chinese, French or Dutch, The University of Porto Rico For all are His dear children should be a Pan-American University -school of tropical medicine, school And He loves us all so much. of tropical agriculture. The boys and girls in Africa Duty, decency, interest of U. S. in And the little ones in Spain our own future, are the trinity to Are all just "loved ones" in His sight, battle against disease, poverty, lack of educational opportunities. For to Him we're all the same. So we who would like Jesus grow, May do our part, though small, In helping make a happy world By being kind to all.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, AND FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22D STREET, NEW YORK Executive Secretaries of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions and Council of Women for Home Missions THE WORK OF THE COMMITTEE South America, there is a good paper ON CHRISTIAN LITERATURE in Spanish. The great event of this year, so far as periodicals is concerned, By HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY is the establishment of a new magazine for children in Korea. The magazine One of the most fascinating bits of is entitled The Child World and is work undertaken by the Federation made by enlarging a small paper of Woman's Boards of Foreign Mis- sions is that done by the Committee printed by the Sunday School Associaon Christian Literature among Women tion and securing the cooperation of and Children in Mission Fields. The the Committee on Christian Literature work of the Committee assumes a in Korea, so that the two organizations special importance at this time; the will together be responsible for an enwhole field of Christian Literature larged, illustrated and altogether more will be judged by the Jerusalem Con- interesting magazine. ference as one of the most important now being cultivated by the Christian Our Committee on Christian Literforces of the world. Since his return ature raised the funds for this last summer. The work of our Committee from his last journey around the was presented and the statement was world, John R. Mott has stressed the made that a request for Korea had importance of the preparation of prop- been received, asking us to help them establish a paper for children similar er literature for our converts as one to those that we are printing in other of the major task awaiting Chris- tians. countries. The speaker stated that We women are prJud of the pioneer under our present budget it was im- part we have played in this enterprise. possible for us to respond favorably We began to do what we could soon to this request since the papers that after the Edinburgh Conference and we were already subsidizing in Japan, have been working ever since. We China, South America, Turkey and were fortunate in our first Chairman, India took all the funds that we could Miss Alice M. Kyle, who did not wait raise. After the meeting, some $600 for funds to accUl IUlate but started was given to the Chairman, $500 from promptly the printing of a magazine one giver. Later another generous for children in China entitled Happy donor added $300, and small contribu- Childhood. tions made up the $100 needed. The joyful word was at once sent to Korea We have now quite a flock of peri- and we can know that we have started odicals. There is Happy Childhood on its way another venture of faith. having the circulation which now in- India is calling loudly for another sures its reading by approximately Treasure Chest to be written in Teluone miIlion Chinese; the Treasure gu, for a great constituency num- Chest, undertaken in India, is now bering more than twenty million printed not only in its original Eng- people where there is no periodical of !ish, but in four different vernaculars, any kind for children. The little chilreaching some thirty-five thousand dren of the Philippines, too, want their readers; in Turkey we have recently succeeded in starting a magazine for paper, and Africa is beginning to voung peoDle entitled, Mouhit; and in agitate.

694 Another interesting feature of the they would communicate with her, work of the Committee is the publication of valiant Christian books in the and then started across the road to various vernaculars. Last year Mabel Thurston's Adventure of Prayer was Betsy Moody Cottage. On the way translated into Burmese under the auspices of the Christian Literature over she met Miss Laura M. White, Committee of Burma. Our Committee furnished the subsidy that made this that great missionary of the Methodist possible, $300, which provided for the translation and issuance of an edition Board, who has been in China for of one thousand copies. Sale of the books will provide for further editions. thirty-five years. Miss White said: The translation of The Adventure of Prayer into Chinese has just been com- "Oh, Mrs. Montgomery, I have just pleted and the money sent forward. It would be a wonderful thing if some been reading From Jerusalem to Jeruperson would as a memorial provide for the issuance of The Adventure of salem, and I think it is just the book Prayer in Japanese. It might cost a little more than $300 as wages and which our Chinese Christians need. costs in general are higher in Japan, but think what it would mean to in- They have no background, you know, sure the placing in the hands of Japanese Christians of this wonder- they do not know the story of how ful and stimulating book on the art of prayer. Christianity progressed from land to One of the most interesting inci- land. I just want to translate it. Do dents of the year in regard to the work of our Committee happened in you suppose your Committee could Northfield. At that great summer school, a presentation of the needs of get the money for me?" I said to her: Christian Literature is always made and an offering devoted to the needs of "The Lord has already attended to the Committee. At the close of this meeting, the chairman was walking that, Miss White, and has sent His out through the lobby where Miss M. H. Leavis had charge of the great messenger to tell me that $300 is waitdisplay of books and pamphlets issued by the Central Committee for the ing to be appropriated." United Study of Foreign Missions. Miss Leavis said: "I want to secure Miss White has already returned to the printing of one of the books of the Central Committee in Chinese. I China, and there has associated with read that a year or two ago, as a memorial to Mrs. Cronk, her book herself one of the wonderful young Brave Adventu'lles, was translated into Chinese by one of her friends. I have college graduates of China, Miss Mary been saving the money, and I am ready to give it as a thank-offering Liu, who was graduated from Ginling to provide for another of the Central Committee's books." The chairman last June. She is to be Miss White's thanked her, assured her that when the Committee met in November, they Chinese helper in the translation. would make a selection of a book and There is a very interesting story connected with this young Chinese woman. When Mrs. Peabody and I were going around the world we came to Nanking in the spring of 1914.

There we saw a little slave girl, who had been rescued by the Christian hospital. Owing to injuries which she had received at the hands of her for- mer owner, it ha hpp.n necessary to amputate both hel 'nd her hands.

A money compem _or the injury had been made whic. mt;n the bank a fund sufficient to prl ide for the education of the child. 'nen we saw her, she was about eip- t years old.

The sullen and fearful lttle creature who shrank from all co; tacts had been replaced by a sunny child, who had already received the Lord Jesus in her heart, and had lJegun her educa- tion. Artificial legs had been pro- vided for her, and she had learned to use her poor maimed wrists in a won- derful way. The stump of her right thumb enabled her to hold a Chinese brush, and with this she learned to

write with wonderful facility, so that Miss White's indefatigable committee today she is able to finish about twelve of women is doing in China, is to prohundred Chinese characters in her vide for the translation of suitable beautiful chirography in two hours exercises and pageants for Christmas and a half. It takes the ordinary and Easter. The cost of getting one translator about eight hours to finish of these written or translated is only that number of Chinese indeographs. about $100, and this ensures the speaking of the message of Christ to Mary Liu decided that she could do thousands of people. Was it not a whatever any other girl could do, and lovely thought that led the friends of so she has learned to run the sewing Mrs. Cronk to provide for the passmachine. She manages to cut out and ing on of her thought about the prayer make her own clothes, and she has life of children into Chinese? There learned many other womanly accom- is many another believer mourning the plishments. She has two books to her loss of a friend who could make one credit, although she graduated from of these living memorials for her or college only a year ago. For years for him, among the people whom they she has cherished the ambition to be- will never know. An instance of a come an editor and it seems likely living memorial was the translation of now that she will be made the editor of One Girl's Influence into Japanese. the Chinese magazine for women and The story was written by Robert E. girls, published by the committee of Speer in regard to a young college which Miss Laura M. White is the girl, Louise Andrews, who used to atchairman. Is not the story of this tend the summer conferences in girl a wonderful illustration of the Northfield. The book was written for Providence of God? It seems like private circulation only, but edition the story of Joseph. His only way after edition has been demanded until into freedom and power lay through the sale has reached fifty thousand the pit into which his brothers copies in America, and now the book cast him, and the slavery which he is going into other languages. The endured in Egypt. What God allowed translator in Japan was a young colto happen to Mary Liu looked like lege girl of wealth who was dying of cruelty, and yet her only way into tuberculosis. She had been educated an enlarged and a wonderfully useful in this country and here had read the life lay through that abuse which she story of One Girl's Influence. Her suffered as a slave girl. book, written during her illness, was published after her death by the Chris- Another English book which has tian Literature Society in Japan, unbeen translated this year is The Storry der the title Louise, and here, too, it of Jesus as Told by His Four Friends. has had the same blessed influence In this book I have arranged the inci- among girls that it had in the original. dents and the teachings of the four Gospels in their chronological order, One of the interesting things acso bringing into one the stories told complished this year has been the by the four evangels. The transla- writing of a dramatic sketch by Laura tion is phrased in the language of M. White. It is entitled A Day in the everyday speech, and the story writ- Office and contains the story of the ten particularly for the needs of adoles- happenings of an average day in the cents. The entire cost of translation regular work of our committee in and publishing the first edition of one Shanghai. The sketch is most interthousand amounted to only $300. esting and intimate, with touches of After the initial cost, the cost of suc- humor. It is easy to present and ceeding editions will be paid for out carries a real message of what is beof the sale of copies. Negotiations are ing accomplished through the Chrisnow going on in Japan and India to tian Literature Committee in one secure further translations. land. We are hoping another year to One of the interesting things which

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

present another sketch of work ac- Fields. Let us ask great things from complished in India or Japan. The God, and expect to receive great things Committee published this sketch in from God. We need more personal the hope that it might be widely used givers; we need more money for this throughout America to make concrete purpose from all the Boards; we need to many the work that the Committee new translators and new writers of was trying to do. It can be obtained original matter in all the vernaculars. without cost at the office of the Com- The Committee needs fresh faith and mittee, 419 Fourth Avenue, New courage to go forward. Will not thou- York City. Many are planning to give sands of women and girls give this most precious gift of believing prayer the little sketch before the World Day to the Committee and its work? of Prayer, and to present the proceeds IBLESSED ARE THE PEACE. as a gift at that time in the interest of Christian literature. The little MAKERS play takes less than half an hour to present-about twenty minutes-and Matthew 5: 9 could be given by hundreds of young people's societies, women's clubs, This program which takes one hour and a half, has been prepared by the church dramatic leagues and the like. Committees on International Relations In addition to this new dramatic of the Federation and Council for a sketch, the Committee publishes a Woman's Society, Young People's Group, number of brief inserts that can be or any denominational or interdenomihad freely by anyone desiring to use national group interested in Internathem in letters to broadcast the needs tional Relations. It is suggestive and and opportunities of, the Committee. flexible, and should be developed accord- ing to local conditions. A mimeographed One of the ambitious hopes of the list of study courses, also short discus- Committee is to secure in as many sion courses-some in the form of quescenters as possible a Christian Litera- tions and answers-which are suitable ture Auxiliary that shall be interde- for program meetings, may be secured nominational and simple. It is planned from the Federation or Council for 5 to have only one meeting a year, and cents. at that meeting have the members come together, contribute their an- 1. Devotional Service. (15 minutes.) nual dues of $1, listen to the latest news about the Committee, and then 1. Hymn: Tune, The Blessed have nothing more to do for a year, to help along the great work that the Home. Committee is organized to do. There are few towns where an enterprising Thy Kingdom come, 0 Lord, woman could not bring together once Wide circling as the sun; a year a group of women of all denominations for such a meeting. Any- Fulfill of old Thy word, And make the nations one; one who is interested in the matter may correspond with the Chairman of One in the bond of peace, the Committee, Mrs. William A. Mont- The service glad and free gomery, who may be reached at 419 Fourth Avenue, New York City. Of truth and righteousness, Of love and equity. The greatest need of the Commit- Speed, speed the longed for time tee, as of all other Christian commit- Foretold by raptured seers– tees, is for more believing and faithful prayer, and every reader of these The prophecy sublime, The hope of all the years; words is urged to take as a subject for daily prayer the work of the Com- Till rise at last, to span Its firm foundations broad, mittee on Christian Literature among Women and Children in Mission The commonwealth of man, The City of our God.

2. Jesus condemned war in substi· tuting the Gospel of Love as the Way of Life. Beginning with the beatitudes He ex- tolled all the anti-war vir- tues; meekness, merciful- ness; peace; love of ene- mies and racial foes; John 15: 17; Matthew 19: 16-19. Matthew 5 can be made the

basis of a short talk on this it, this earth of thine has been defiled theme or be used as a re- sponsive Scripture reading. with the blood of man shed by his brother's hand, and the centuries sob 3. Prayer for Peace concluding with ceaseless horror of war. Ever the with Lord's Prayer in uni- pride of kings and the covetousness of son. the strong has driven peaceful nations II. Interrelationship between Missions to slaughter. Ever the songs of the past and Peace. and pomp of armies have been used to inflame the passions of the people. Our III. Some of the Ways to Ensure Peace. spirit cries out to thee in revolt against it, and we know that our righteous anger Machinery, attitudes, etc. is answered by thy holy wrath. Break thou the spell of the enchant- IV. Responsibility of Christians to Foster the "Will to Peace." ments that make the nations drunk with the lust of battIe and draw them on as V. Hymn: Tune, Pentecost. willing tools of death. Grant us a quiet Let there be light, Lord God of and steadfast mind when our own nation Hosts, clamors for vengeance or aggression. Strengthen our sense of justice and re- Let there be wisdom on the earth! gard for the equal worth of other peoples and races. Grant to the rulers of nations Let broad humanity have birth! faith in the possibility of peace through Let there be deeds, instead of justice, and grant to the common people boasts! a new and stern enthusiasm for the cause of peace. Bless our soldiers and Within. our passioned hearts in- still sailors for their swift obedience and their willingness to answer to the call The calm that endeth strain of duty, but inspire them none the less and strife; with a hatred of war, and may they Make us Thy ministers of life; never for love of private glory or ad- Purge us from lusts that curse vancement provoke its coming. May our young men still rejoice to die for their and kill. country with the valor of their fathers, Give us the peace of vision clear but teach our age nobler methods of To see our brothers' good dur own, matching our strength and more effective To joy and suffer not alone; w aoy st hoof ug iving our life for the flag. stron g Father of all nations, The love that casteth out all fear! draw all thy great family together with Let woe and waste of warfare an increasing sense of our common blood cease, and destiny, that peace may come on That useful labor yet may build earth at last, and thy sun may shed its Its homes with love and laugh- light rejoicing on a holy brotherhood ter filled! of peoples.- Walter Rauschenbusch, in God give Thy wayward children "Prayers of the Social Awakening."

peace! II, III, and IV may be developed In three 15 minute talks, or III and IV may be com- VI. DisCIU8sion: The Outgrowth of bined In a 20 or 25 minute talk. the Talks. Materials for Development of Topics 1. Do the women of our commu- nity really desire a world For Topic I: The Words of Je8US organized for Peace? commonly quoted for or against war. Pages 19-41. Federal Council of 2. What new machinery must we Churches, 105 East 22d St., New York. build to organize a world for 15c. peace? For Topic II: On Earth Peace. Sym- 3. How can the church and church posium; published by The Central Com- women help? mittee on the United Study of Foreign Missions for the Federation of Woman's 4. How can the women of our Board of Foreign Missions and Council town cooperate to develop of Women for Home Missions. Order right international and in- from Mission Boards or Miss M. H. terracial attitudes and a Leavis, P. O. Box 4, North Cambridge, constructive program for Mass. 20c. Peace Education? For Topics III and IV: Building In- VII. Closing Prayer for Peace. (Use ternational Good-Will." Symposium. Mac- the following.) millan, New York. $1.50.

Prayer Against War The New World Road Guide. League of Nations Association, 6 East 39th o Lord, since first the blood of Abel St., New York. lOc.

cried to thee from the ground that drank

Helpful Pamphlets ness Day. In connection with the ob- servance of this day last year at Christianity's Supreme Rival by Harry Chengtu, West China, the staff of the Emerson Fosdick, Riverside church, New United Church hospital were asked to York. IDe. prepare a sketch to be given at the demonstration in the city park. The The Sword or the C'ross by Kirby matter was regarded of such great im- Page. Doran, New York. 15c. portance that two days were devoted to it. From a letter written by Miss Arbitration-The Only Substitute for L. G. Hartwell, West China Mission, War. Committee on the Cause and Cure we learn some particulars regarding of War, 1511 Grand Central Terminal methods used in this serious effort to Bldg., New York. 15c. promote the public health of the coun- try. A Ten Year Review of the League of Nations. 145 page pamphlet. League 'Jf "On Wednesday," says Miss Hart- Nations Association, 6 East 39th St., well, "students lectured in the tea New York. 15c. shops and on street corners, and scat- tered pamphlets, pasted up posters, So This Is War. A study of popular- etc. The exhibition buildings had speized Military Training. Committee on cial exhibits. Dr. Williams, in charge Militarism in Education, 387 Bible of our laboratory, sent one of the Chi- House, Astor PI., New York. 15c. nese technicians with a microscope to examine specimens of sputum, and Peace Education in Your Church. show slides on bacteria. There were What one church has done to cultivate also pictures and posters showing the International Goodwill. Federal Coun- havoc of pathogenic germs. cil of Churches, 105 East 22d St., New York. Free. "On Thursday there was a mass meeting in the park and the generals National Committee on the Churches and leading men of the city spoke on and World Peace, 105 East 22d St., New cleanliness. York: "In the afternoon a public concert Making the Peace Pact Effective. was given in the park. Our nurses Reading and Study Course. 15c. put on a sketch showing a model Pub- lic Health Tuberculosis Center. 1st Second Study Conference on the scene: A clinic with doctors and pub- Churches and World Peace. Syllabus. lic health nurses in attendance; 2d l5c. scene: A nurse visiting an unhygienic home; 3d scene: a nurse visiting a A Message to the Churches from the hygienic home; 4th scene: A patient Second Study Conference. 5c. in a sanatorium being cured by hos- pital methods. A Message to the Churches from the Third Study Conference. 5c. "A few days later the annual Baby Welfare Week was held at the Y. W. National League of Women Voters, C. A. Talks were given on the feeding 1015 Grand Central Terminal Bldg., of children from two to four years old. New York: There were object lessons in prepar- ing vegetables, fruits and cereals in The Root Formula and the World the way they should be eaten. The Court. 10c. mothers were deeply interested."

What Do You Know About Naval Dis- It can readily be seen that all this armament? 50. work is an important part of that min- istry of healing which is carried on in The Multilateral Treaty. 5c. the name of Him who went about "healing all manner of sickness and Other good and inexpensive pamphlets disease among the people." may be obtained from: Commission on International Justice and Goodwill, Federal Council of Churches, 105 East 22d St., New York.

League of Nations Association, 6 East 39th St., New York.

National League of Women Voters, 1015 Grand Central Terminal Bldg., New York.

National Council for the Prevention of War, 532 17th St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

PUBLIC HEALTH WORK IN WEST CHINA A feature of the public service which has been introduced by tbe new Nationalist Government in China is the institution of a National Cleanli-

Gandhi

Educational Commission to India THE following facts concerning Mahatma Gandhi are from Sailen- THE Executive Committee of the dra Anth Ghose, a fellow countryman: Federal Council of Churches at its "Gandhi was born to luxury and ease. April meeting gave further attention His father was the prime minister of to the appointment of the American a native Indian state, receiving the members of the commission which is lavish emoluments f()r which India is to go to India for the coming winter famous. When he departed from the to study Christian education. The family home, however, to complete his British members of the commission education at Trinity Inn in London are Canon A. W. Davies and Dr. Nicol he dedicated himself to work, was Macniool. Dr. A. D. Lindsay of Balliol graduated with honors, and was adis to be chairman. The India members mitted to the bar. Gandhi and his are Dr. S. K. Datta and Dr. S. N. wife were each thirteen years old Mukarji. when they married. Since their adult life they have been constantly at each Dr. William J. Hutchins, president other's side. They have four children. of Berea College, and Dr. William Gandhi's mother was an orthodox Adams Brown of Union Theological Hindu and confirmed pacifist. It was Seminary, have accepted the invita- from her counsel that he drew the tion to be the American members of principles of which he has become a the commission. It is proposed that the great exponent."-Christian Century. American members shall sail from New York on October 22d for Eng- Industrial Missionary Work land where, after a week of conference with government officials and repre- I NDI~N ~hristians are increasing sentatives of missionary agencies, the rapIdly III numbers. All of them we,stern members of the commission cannot be paid preachers and teachers will sail for India, with the exception even if they were fitted for this work. of the chairmen whose departure, due And it would most certainly be a disto inescapable engagements, will be grace for all our Indian Christians to slightly delayed. It is anticipated that be supported by our American and the commission will complete its work English friends. This is the reason in India before April 1, 1931. why we have started the industrial work. We must train our Indian A carefully worked out question- Christians to be entirely self-supportnaire designed to secure much basic ing. information regarding the various institutions to be studied was sent out The industrial work is on its way to India and it is expected that the to be self-supporting, but when we replies from this study will be tabu- take in new converts who cannot tell lated in time for ,study by the com- the difference between a hammer and mission be:f'ore it reaches India. Thus a screw-driver, they need a little help a great deal of time will be saved for in the beginning. It is the ignorant the members after their arrival in ones who need training more than the India and a considerable item of ex- others. On the average six months pense obviated.

700

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training will make a man self-sup- venerable Christian who lived worthy porting. After this with a year or two of his high calling and in all he was more of training, he can earn a good salary to keep himself and take care and did brought honor to his brethren of a family if he has one. Then it is and his faith.-Indian Witness. our hope these trained and self-supporting Christians will support their Mr. Chelliah on India Christian pastor and help their more unfortunate feUow Christians.-Let- MR. J. V. CHELLIAH, vice-printer, W. K. Norton, Benares. cipal of J affna College in Ceylon and President of the United Church Historic Figure Passes in India of Christ in South India, brought RAJA SIR HARNAM SINGH died in Simla on the 20th of May. He cheering news from India, en route was born in 1851 and was the second son of the late Maharaja of Kapur- to the C.ongregational meetings in thala. The present generation knew him as the Grand Old Man of the Bournemouth. He thinks the influence Christian community in northern India. At seventy-nine years he retained of Christ has swept far beyond the his courtly bearing and his interest in matters of vital importance to the church membership. "If there are Christian c.ommunity. For some years he has been quite naturally, 5,000,000 Christians in India meassomewhat withdrawn from the center of activities but in his day he was a ured by church membership, there stalwart figure in the religious and political councils of the land. must be 50,000,000 whose lives are in- Some twenty-five years ago he was fluenced by Christian ideals." He made a member of the old Imperial Legislative Council and has continued quotes a recent book by a Hindu auto hold membership in the Central Legislature. In honors he was abun- thority outlining Hinduism and indant. He was made C. I. E., and in 1900 was made K. C. I. E. The title cluding one great principle of Chrisof Raja was received in 1907 and the title was made hereditary in 1922. tianity after another, and thinks that Over a period of fifty years he was the conversion .of Hinduism to apa prime mover in the many brilliant functions and receptions that had prove the deep things in Christ goes taken place in Kaisarbagh. He was greatly honored and respected by his on apace. He knows many prominent associates for his sterling character. Hindus who gladly accept the beauty As a Christian leader he held positions of honor and responsibility in and the leadership of Jesus but who his own church, the Presbyterian, and outside. He joined heart and hand in hold back from the technical step of the labors of the men who did so much in the building up of Methodist insti- baptism and church membership betutions in Lucknow about the end of the last century and the beginning of cause of the persecution and social this. strain it produces with their Hindu We wish to bring our word of appreciation, to be added to those that neighbors.-American Board Quarwill be expressed by others, of this terly News Bulletin. .

ISLANDS ProcllUllation on Reunion ARECENT proclamation on reunion was made to the Church of Eng- land in Australia by official represent- atives of the Presbyterian, Methodist and Congregational Churches in Aus- tralia. The statement opens with the greeting: "We rejoice in the noble vision of a reunited church, presented in the appeal to all Christian people by the archbishops and bishops assembled in the Lambeth Conference of 1920; and as duly appointed representatives of our several churches we are ready at all times as opportunity offers and as the will of our one Lord and Master shall be discONered, to give effect to

that appeal. The ideal of a church temptations that a work was begun 'genuinely Catholic, loyal to all truth, which has grown to its present promand gathering into its fellowship all ising condition. The work has far who profess and call themselves Chris- reaching possibilities, as the boys will tians, within whose visible unity all carry back to their heathen homes a the treasures 'of faith and order, be- knowledge of the Saviour. queathed as a heritage by the past to the present, shall be possessed in com- Much of the material for the church mon and made serviceable to the whole building was donated by leading busi- Body of Christ,' is an ideal true, we ness firms in Rabaul.-Baptist Misbelieve, to the will of God, and there- sionary Review. fore one for which we feel a deep and solemn obligation to strive." Sillim.an Institute, Philippines Methodists Extend Work T HE most influential Protestant In- stitution of learning is Silliman In- THE Methodist Episcopal Mis-sion stitute at Dumaguete, on Negros in Hawaii has extended its work Island. In location, acreage, buildto 95 preaching places. Twenty-three ings, equipment and sanitary arrangeof its workers are orientals. Three ment, this institution is a most new churches have been erected, and attractive contrast to the private unifive orientals were ordained recently versities in Manila. Its library of to the ministry. Four of these men 8,000 volumes administered by a are the definite product of missions trained librarian has been most wisely in Hawaii, having received their selected. Its finest building is devoted training through the Methodist Mis- to the teaching of the sciences. The sion or the Honolulu Bible training recitations heard by the Commission's school of the Hawaiian Board. Rev. representative were most ably con- B. T. Makapagal came to the islands ducted and the spirit that pervaded 15 years ago as a Filipino plantation the place was one of the finest he laborer. After some time he left the experienced anywhere. Moreover, fields and became a cook in a white throughout the Islands the Commisfamily. He opened a strange book-a sion heard only words of praise f()r Bible-which was lying on the table the graduates of Silliman Institute, of his employer and was so inspired particularly of those who entered the by its words that he became interested public schools as teachers. The Comin the Christian church, and after a mission expresses the hope that the few years developed into a strong supporters of Silliman may see their Christian leader.-Christian Century. way clear to give the funds neces-sary to enable it to expand its work and Indentured Workers Have a Church increase its usefulness to the people of the Southern Islands of the Archi- , NEW church building of European pelago. (Educational Survey of the Philippines, by Dr. Paul Monroe of ..tl. design was opened for indentured Teachers' College, Columbia Univer- sity.-Report, p. 512.) laborers of Rabaul, New Britain. Recruited from all parts of the mandated Silliman Institute is a brilliant conterritory, many natives who are serv- stellation in the educational firmament ing contracts in Rabaul have come of our country. Two decades of unfrom heathen districts. City life be- selfish laoors for the upliftment of wilders them, but they quickly adapt our youth constitute its record of themselves to vartous occupations. A service. Within that span of time, it new world opens to the majority of has earned its righteous place in the them. Unfortunately this congregat- front rank of private institutions of ing of boys brings to the surface the the land. She has a long phalanx of vices rather than the virtues of native graduates whose attainments and life. It was to combat new and subtle whose achievements attest unanswer-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ably to the quality of instruction given the Bible speak to us. We had no within the walls of this institution. prayer book, and none of us knew how to pray, so we just closed our Often have I marvelled over the eyes and talked to God." far-seeing vision and crusading spirit of philanthrophy that had actuated The total circulation of the Bible in the kind soul who in a land not his the Philippines since the establish- ,own founded this Institute in order to ment of the American Bible Society impart to our youth a culture and a in the Island in 1899 has been 2,616,- faith buttressed by upright moral 757 volumes. principles. Often have I admired the indomitable energy with which the CHINA primordial purposes of the Institute are being carried out by its persever- Chinese Flock to Manchuria ing director and faculty. Often, too, have I wished that our people in their "[;X)R many years two n<>table migrathirst for knowledge and truth had many benefactors like Mr. Silliman, .l' tory movements from China have not only among foreigners but also among our countrymen. – General been in progress. One has been from Emilio Aguinaldo. Fukien and Kwangtung to the Phil- ippines, Straits Settlement and Siam; What One Bible Did the other has been from Honan, Hopei and Shantung to Manchuria. The mi- COMM'ISSIONER OSIAS, Philip- gration to Manchuria has been with- pine commissioner at Washington, out equal in modern Oriental history. lists among the most helpful things It has greatly increased the populamissionaries have done in the Philip- tion of Manchuria. pines that of "translating and popularizing the Bible." A single instance In the last five years, Manchuria illustrates its penetrating and trans- has received about three million Chiforming effect. nese colonists, principally from Shan- tung and to a lesser degree from Some years ago a patient in the Chihli and other provinces. The an- Tagbilaran hospital was given a Tes- nual immigration in 1923 was 300,- tament. After recovery he took his 000; in 1926 the figures had doubled, Testament with him into the distant and from then on the inrush was such mountain barrio. Some time later a that no exact figures are obtainable. colporteur of the American Bible So- The South Manchuria Railway and ciety was trying to sell Bibles in a the Chinese Eastern Railway estinear-by hill town, but without suc- mates reveal that no less than one cess. An inhabitant said to him: million Chinese crossed the Gulf of Chihli in 1927. It is estimated that "If you want to sell that book, why during the year 1928, 2,000,000 Chidon't you go up into the hills to a nese went north into the "promised certain barrio, for there they are all land." asking for that book? There were only 3,000,000 people in The colporteur went, asked for the Manchuria a few years before the leader of the barrio and found he wa·s Russo-Japanese War. Now there are the man who had been in the hospital 27,000,000. at Tagbilaran. This man had been leading his people in Bible study, and The world's greatest population later organized them into a congrega- movement is now taking place in tion and regular worship was being China, says the Shanghai correspondheld every Sunday. Said he: ent of The Daily Express. Millions of Chinese, to escape the starvation "We had no teacher, s'o we just which i·s the outcome of years. of civil stood up and read the Bible before war, are swarming north into Manthe people and let it be our teacher. churia, where a vast new population We had no preacher, so we just let is filling the fertile but half-empty plains. Chinese make up 90 per cent of the present population of Man-

churia. Even the Manchu language, forms leading up to the tomb, which the language for two and one-half is an immense granite structure, far centuries of the ruling house, has more imposing than the tomb of vani,shed, and Mukden, the Manchu Washington at Mount Vernon. The capital, is a Chinese city. The Mon- Chinese are making Sun Yat Sen's golians from Inner Mongolia are like- tomb a place of pilgrimage and his wise absorbed by the Chinese, and picture hangs in every school in the they too speak the Chinese language. land. Every Monday morning patri- All customs and characteristics are otic exercises must be held in every Chinese.-W. H. Wang, in The China school in memory of hi·s services to Critic. his country. The exercises consist of singing the Nationalist Party song, Exercises at Sun Yat Sen's Tomb bowing three times respectfully be- fore the picture of Sun Yat Sen, read- THERE is a boulevard from the ing his will, and three minutes of city of Nanking to the imposing silence as the entire school remains mausoleum of one greater than royalty standing in meditation upon what Sun in the esteem of all patriotic Chinese Yat Sen has done and upon what the just now-Sun Yat Sen, whose body pupils may also patriotically do for was brought here about a year ago their country. fromPeiping and deposited with imposing ceremonies. The boulevard ex- I observed the ceremony in one of tends for about seven miles from the the schools. It is certainly impressive. Yangtze River across the city and Following the exercises, the principal country to the mausoleum of China's gave a resume of current events, infirst provincial President. It is about ternational and national, during the 60 feet wide, a vast improvement over preceding week, thus acquainting the the narrow crooked streets in many pupils with world affairs. Here was parts of Nanking. Yet its construc- a concrete illustration of progress in tion was the cause of many suicides China's educational method as conof people whose property lay in the trasted with that of a few years ago. path of the improvement, and which Let anyone who doubts whether was taken without any remuneration China is really awaking to present day whatever. Some, whose property was world movements go into some of the only partially absorbed, benefited by schools and see what is happening.- the improvement because of increased Letter, Rev. George H. Trull. valuation. The real sufferers were those who lost their all. They natur- Two Great Christian Colleges in ally resented the measure. So did those whose dead were buried in the Nanking path of the boulevard. They were ordered to remove the bodies and locate T HERE are two really great misthem elsewhere and no financial help sionary educational institutions in was given to do it. As a stranger Nanking, Ginling College for Women rides along this imposing highway and the University of Nanking. The today, he is not aware of the heart former has a campus of thirty acres aches caused by its construction. in the western part of the city. It is a beautiful situation and the dreams The day we visited Sun Yat Sen's of the founders of the college are betomb was Easter Monday. We were ing realized in the buildings that have not able to get up to the mausoleum already been erected. These are of itself because of patriotic exercises Chinese architecture with graceful that were being held by an immense lines and blending colors, and do not gathering of Boy Scouts and Girl offend the eye as do so many foreign Scouts from all parts of China. There structures on 'oriental soil. They are must have been several thousand of a part of China. The college is only them massed on the steps and plat- fifteen years old and began with nine students. Today it has an enrollment

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

many times the size of the original palling poverty, such utter distress as group and coming from many parts I have witnessed among those poor of China. It is not easy to enter Gin- unfortunate people in Shensi. A helpling. The requirements are equivalent ing hand is urgently required before to th()·se of the best women's colleges disease and starvation wipes out the in America. The five graduates of entire population of China's back-stay the first class were the first women -the husbandmen.' to be graduated with the B. A. degree for work done in China, forerunners "Sherwood Eddy, Y. M. C. A. Secof an increasing group of women lead- retary for Asia, stopped off in New ers in the sphere of culture and high- York en route to Europe. He said: er learning. 'I have just come from famine,r!ltr,ick- en China. China is in the most des- Less than a mile from Ginling is the perate need ()f all seventeen countries University of Nanking, organized in I have visited around the world this 1910 and one 'of the largest missionary year. The agencies that are spending colleges in China. Its library is one the money sent from America are givof the best equipped of any institu- ing thought to the wi£dom of a more tion. The campus covers an area of constructive plan of famine prevenalmost a square mile. I was particu- tion, which by means of irrigation larly interested in the constructive and roads will remove county after work that is being done in sericulture, county from the grip of famine forchemistry, forestry and agriculture, ever, if the necessary funds are forthand in its cooperation with the Nan- coming. I found the money wisely king Theol()gical Seminary in efforts expended and the need desperate. Now to improve the economic, social, and is the time to aid China.''' spiritual conditions of rural life. The library has a list of books applicable GENERAL to conditions and problems in China which it loans to rural workers. Un- International Council of Religious der the auspices of the University and with the cooperation of the National Education Christian Council and the China Chri·stian Educational Association, a T HE singing of that mighty hymn, conference was held some time since "Come, Thou Almighty King," by to consider an adequate program for the 5,000 delegate·s assembled in the the rural church and to bring rural flag and palm decorated Convention leaders into closer touch with the for- Hall of the beautiful eX1Josition estry and agricultural departments of grounds of Toronto, Ontario,' inauthe University, so that it might more gurated the 1930 quadrennial conveneffectively serve them.-Letter, Rev. tion of the International Council of George H. Trull. Religious Education.

Fa.m.ine in China From Hudson Bay to Panama, from British Columbia to Georgia, from the L C. ARLINGTON, a famine relief Maritime Provinces to California, • worker, writing from Sian, Shen- with missionaries from nearly every si, May 14th, tells of the death by star- field and national representatives from vation and typhus of 40,000 people out four continents, church school workof a population of 150,000 in 820 vil- ers had moved to Toronto for a week lages. Many people buried their chil- of fellowship, worship and education. dren alive rather than see them die from starvation. Mr. Arlington The city was host to a convention speaks of his fifty years of life among of this organization for the third time, the Chinese, during which time he having extended its hospitality to the has seen much tragedy, and says: 'I third convention in 1881, and again have never before witnessed such ap- to the eleventh in 1905. It was a striking symbol of the council's vi- 5 tality, growth, power and significance that the church which has been large enough to house completely all the de-

liberations of former conventions, the nearest missionary is 1,500 miles could this year serve only as a place away. There are 14,000,000 human of early morning prayer for groups beings in South America who have of delegates. never been visited by a missionary, Roman Catholic or Protestant. As Parallel with the sessions of the long as there are persons living and general convention were those of the dying without God or hope, the note Youth Council and ConferEnce of of urgency must be sounded.-Watch- North America. The Council was man-Examiner. comprised of 220 of America's choicest youth representing 36 different de- Three Denominations Find Points of nominations and groups, and coming – from 34 states and provinces. The Agreement conference enrolled 1,500 representa- tives of all denominations, groups, A JOINT conference of representa- :states and provinces. tives of the Methodist Episcopal Church North, the Presbyterian Their purpose, as the culmination Church in the U. S. A. and the Prot- 'Of more than a year',s study by thou- estant Episcopal Church, meeting at sands of youth throughout the con- Atlantic City, June 10-11, found "our- tinent, was to determine youth's pro- selves and the communions we repre- gram of study and enterprise for the sent in substantial agreement in their next four years. Their deliberations :f'ormal pronouncements." "1. So far centered about the adoption of six as other than theological and ecclesias- great themes: Jesus Christ, Christian tical facts were causes of the original conduct, worship and prayer, other separation of the bodies we represent, youth, Christian unity, a Christian we are agreed that they are no longer society. operative in any such degree as to block the way to an organic unity. 2. One hour spent with these young We find complete agreement upon the people and their leaders would have importance of the principle of the sep- heartened the most pessimistic with aration of church and state as guar- regard to the dependability, earnest- anteed in the constitution of the ness and capability of modern youth. United States. With emphasis differ- Working, some of them, from seven ing somewhat in our three bodies in the morning until one at night they upon the values attached to the va- were forging out the most thoughtful riou,s expressions of social and moral statements of their convictions, state- ideals, we :find the common conviction ments which when they appear will that the Church of Christ has a defi- awaken the admiration of their elders, nite responsibility not only to guide and challenge them in their service of the conscience of individual Christians youth.-Prof. Ralph D. Heim, Ph.D., but also to infuse through society the in' "The Lutheran." principles of God',s will as revealed in Jesus Christ. Utterances vf the Solemn Facts highest representative bodies in our three communions reveal, however, the I s THE day of Foreign Missions equally certain conviction that the over? There are 1,600,000,000 per- function of the Church is not to gov- sons on the earth today. Nearly 1,000,- ern or to seek to govern political ac- 000,000 have yet to hear the gospel. tion, but to further the influence of There are 42,000,000 unevangelized Christian principles in society. 3. in Japan. Chinese Turkestan is prac- Our three communions are as one in tically without a missionary. Tibet recogmzmg the authority of the is virgin soil. China constitutes a Church to back and guide the indi- tremendous challenge. Groups of be- vidual in the development of his lievers can be found in only a few Christian life and to exercise discip- villages and cities. Millions of Africa line in cases of violation of the funda- remain in ignorance of the gospel. In some regions of the Dark Continent

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

mental precepts of that life. We find, man type which one could learn to however, that in all three communions read by feeling it with his finger,s. At the tendency is obvious t{) substitute sixteen he worked out his own system for such disciplinary methods as cul- of embossed letters and made a slate minate in excommunication, the meth- on which to write them. Later, while ods of love, persuasion and voluntary a professor in a school for the blind, penance as being more consonant with he invented the present system of our Lord's teaching." On the "impor- writing in raised dots, which is the tant moral questions of the day"-the standard printing for the sightless. Christian home and marriage, inter- The Bra ill e characters – different national peace. racial relations, indus- groups of six small raised dots-made trial and economic evils and ideals, the by pressing a sharp point upon stiff importance of religion in the field of paper-have opened up to all who caneducation – general agreement was not see, the infinite worlds of music, found in all three denominations. literature, and education. – L i v i n g Church. These "findings" are reported by Bishop Herbert Welch, President J. A Philanthropist's Will Ross Stevenson, and Bishop Edward L. Parsons, of the Methodist, Presby- T HE following extract from the will terian and Episc{)pal commissions re- of the late Clarence H. Kelsey was spectively.-ChTistian Century. printed without comment as an edi- torial in the New York Evening Post: Transcribing Braille "The bequests to the institutions A WIDESPREAD, unique, and in- named in the preceding paragraphs do creasingly important Red Cross not capitalize, in many instances, the service is the direct outc{)me of a sums which I have been giving to three-year-old French boy having them yearly for many years, and there entered his father's harness shop to are many other institutions to which play one day in 1812. This shop was I have been similarly contributing but in the village of Coupvray, twenty- to which I make no bequests. The three miles from Paris. Being as in- reason is not because of any change in quisitive as all children at his age, my interest in, or appreciation of, the little Louis Braille picked up one these institutions or the work that of his father's sharp tools. His small they are doing, but because my theory fingers could not manage it; it slipped, and practice of giving are inconsistent putting out one of his eyes. Sym- therewith. I have always felt that it pathetic inflammation set in, causing was better to give regularly and genthe loss of his other eye. erously from income rather than ac- cumulate principal with the expecta- Although for the next forty years tion of making large gifts at the end. this man was to know what Helen I believe that money set to work im- Keller describes as "traveling trackles'B mediately is better used than if acways, stumbling at noonday as in the cumulated with the intention of doing night," the accident was to make him great things with it afterwards. the blind's greatest hero. Louis These plans often are forg,otten or Braille was to make the blind see with fail to be carried out, and I firmly betheir finger tips. lieve that there is much greater satis- faction in giving mQney away as you How he became great is a story of go along than in keeping it and watchthe complete devotion of his inventive- ing it grow in your hands. Money ness to all those, like himself, who never catches up with time and good lived in darkness. When ten years old, done with a little money now may be Louis was sent to a school for the far greater than that done with a blind, encountering there not only a great deal more later on, and is more rich domain ,of literature, music, and sure to be done." mathematics, but also embossed Ro-

LATIN AMERICA the emancipation 'of the Mexican Notable Financial Success in Porto Methodists from the spiritual direc- tion of the American church. Rico The ·separation was brought about I N SPITE of the depression and dis- with the greatest cordiality and was couragement in Pow Rico last due to the fact that the Mexican Methyear, following the hurricane, the local odists felt the American religious procampaign for funds toward rebuilding gram did not conform to the aspira- St. Luke's IIospital, Ponce, exceeded tions and religious ideas of the Mexthe hoped-for goal of $10,000. The icans. It is reported the Methodist total am01;lllt needed, $100,000, was congregations in Mexico now total received, a large part coming from the more than 100, all of which will be Hurricane Relief Fund given by peo- affected by the new agreement. Preple throughout the Church. Bishop viously the churches were under the Colmore hopes the hospital may be direction of the Bishops of Nashville built before the end of 1930. The and New York. present much-patched building, with seventy beds, had 1,160 in-patients According to the agreement all the during the year. – P. E. Natiorutl Methodist congregations in Mexico Council Publicity Service. will be merged into one organization to be known as the Mexican Methodist Lutheran/! in Chile Church. According to Dr. R. E. Diffendorfer, I N CHILE the Lutheran Church of Saxony maintains two Lutheran secretary of the Board of Foreign congregations totaling together more than 2,500 members. The congrega- Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, a Mexican Bishop will be elected to lead the new Mexican Methtion in Valdivia, served by Pastor odist Church at a conference to be Wernicke, numbers 1,200 members, held here in September. Dr. Diffenand the congregation in Temuco-Vic- dorfer said the separation step meant toria, served by Pastor Klink, num- a new era for the Protestant religion bers 1,450 members served from thir- in this republic. teen preaching stations. In the course Bishop Francis J. McConnell, of of a year Pastor Klink covered 9,532 New York, and Bishop Warren Chanmiles in 149 days on the road, aver- dler, of Atlanta, attended the meeting. aging sixty-four miles a day. His -New York Times. travel from point to point.j,n his parish was by railroad, automobile, steamer, Governor Roosevelt on Porto Rico T wagon and horseback. The Lutheran HE island of Porto Rico is neither known nor understood by the vast Gotteskasten of Germany assists in providing support for the work.-Na- majority of our citizens in the United tiorutl Lutheran Council Bulletin. States. Many of them have no idea where it is. Since I have been here Mexican Methodists Form Separate I have had letters forwarded to me Body addressed "Porto Rico, Philippine T HE Mexican Methodist Church has Islands"; "Porto Rico, Central Amer- been established as an independent ica," or "Porto Rico, Cuba." One colreligious institution as a result of an lege graduate even addressed me as agreement signed July 8th. The "AmbassadQr Roosevelt, American Church thus becomes completely free Embassy, Porto Rico."

from the direction of the Methodist To grasp our problem it is neces- churches with headquarters at Nash- sary to have a glimpse of what Porto ville and New York. Rico is. We are a small island, only The decision for an .independent a hundred miles long by thirty-five church was taken at a meeting called miles broad. The country is a series expressly to discuss the question of .of steep hills belted by a coastal plain.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

We have 1,500,000 people, most of The death rate on our island from • whom are dependent on agriculture tuberculosis has more than doubled in for their living. This offers a great the last'ififteen years. According to problem, because not only have we a our Department of Health, it is now population density of more than four 301 to the hundred thousand-in other hundred to the square mile but in ad- words, more than four times as great dition, large tracts of unproductive as that of the United States. Last mountainous country. year there were 4,442 deaths reported During the last thirty years condi- from this cause, and there were doubt- tions have become steadily better in less many unreported. Probably to- Porto Rico. Education increased. day there are 40,000 Porto Ricans suf- Our health department was developed. fering from this disease. The root of Our public works of every sort multi- this trouble is malnutrition.

plied. Our island will turn the corner in Then the cyclone struck us and in the near future and with more indus- its trail came disaster for all. More tries and intensive cultivation, greater than 300 lives were lost and $80,000,- prosperity will be spread through the 000 worth of property was destroyed. rank and file of the people. But that The coffee plantations, on which the is the fl,lt,ure, not the present.-Herald greatest number of the small farmers Tribune Magazine.

depend, suffered most severely. Two or three years must pass before things JAPAN-KOREA are normal. Consecration of Beautiful Japanese Unemployment, either total or par- Church T tial, is present everywhere. Riding HE birthday of the Emperor of Japan (April 29) this year will through the hills, I have stopped at farm after farm where lean, underfed long be· Temembered by the Church women and sickly men repeated again people in the old city of Nara-it was and again the same story-little food chosen for the consecration of the and no opportunity to get more. From beautiful new Christ Church.

these hills the people have streamed The old structure was inadequate into the coastal towns, increasing the and finally declared unsafe. About already severe unemployment situa- fifteen years ago a beautiful piece of tion there. Housing facilities, of property was bought adjoining Nara course, are woefully inadequate. Six Park, which encloses the temples and or seven people sometimes live in one other sacred buildings of this ancient small room. In some of the poorer capital.

quarters I have seen as many as ten There is an interesting custom in housed in a make-shift board room Japan of planting it palownia tree not more than twelve feet square. Of when a girl baby is born; when she is course, disease had spread, for living married, the tree is cut down and made conditions of this sort always beget into her wedding chest. With this in disease. mind the cOIiI,gregation of Christ I have seen mothers carrying babies Church planted palownia trees on the who were little skeletons. I have new property with a view to using watched in a classroom thin, pallid, them in the new church they hoped to little boys and girls trying to spur build "some years hence."

their brains to action when their little The city Juthorities would not allow bodies were underfed. I have seen any building to be placed within close them trying to study on only one proximity to the park which did not scanty meal a day, a meal of few beans harmonize in style of architecture and some rice. I have looked into the with that of the temples. Ther.e.siiJt kitchens of houses where a handful is a pure Tempyo period (eighth c~tI:'

of beans and a few plantains were the tury) group of classical Japait~se fare for the entire family. buildings–church and parish hori~

beautifully adapted to Christian use. sense of spiritual need.-W. H. Mur- The wood of the palownia trees has ray Watton, in "Church Missionary been used in much of the decoration. Outlook."

The day of the consecration was Kagawa Meetings in Japan stormy, but the church was packed. The service was one of the most im- THE Kingdom of God movement has pressive ever held in Japan; the been formally launched in 50 or rector, the Rev. D. Yoshimura, was more centers of the nation's life. the preacher, Bishop Nichols read the From Kanazawa a Baptist pastor consecration service, and Bishop Mc- writes: "Mr. Kagawa spoke two hours Kim celebrated Holy Communion. and a half to an audience of about 1,200. The aisles were crowded, some Newspaper Evangelism in Japan sitting only a few feet from the speaker. One hundred and fifty-five T HE newspaper articles still ev()ke .signed decision cards. With those of a response which shows no sign of the previous night that made 273 new falling off. During December, Jan- decisions; and I think they were all uary, and February we had 2,500 more really honest about it, because the 18 requests for information about Chris- assigned to my church were all found tianity, which brings the total to over to be true decisions and nine of them 25,000. We could multiply these fig- are to be baptized next Sunday." But ures tenfold if we had the means to another side of the picture is shown in take the opportunities before us. the following testimony: "In my city, the mayor refused us the use of the The papers are realizing to an in- city auditorium on the ground that creasing degree that they must pro- Kagawa is a pacifist and does not make vide religiQus reading matter for the the imperial house the center of all public. As a result of the response his loyalties and theology. Following which our articles have evoked in the this lead, none of the schools would re- Tokyo Nichi-nichi newspaper we have ceive his message, which so often persuaded the proprietors to start a stresses the conservatism amid which weekly religious column. Of course we Iive."-Ch1istian Century. they decide ultimately what is to go into it, and insert Buddhist as well as Business Depression in Ja.pan Christian articles; but they are looking to us to provide them with Chris- CONDITIONS in Japan are far from tian material regularly, and have happy. Despite the return to the Qffered to hand over to us any letters gold standard, the financial and ecothat may come to them as a result of nomic structure of the country is still the articles. When it is remembered suffering from a decade of acute dethat this paper has a daily circulation pression. Overinflation at the end of of over a million, we can appreciate the World War presaged the decline. the significance of this new step. In The terrible earthquake of 1923 inthe meantime our regular short adver- flicted appalling losses. From neither tisement articles are continuing. The of these two disasters has Japan yet response to them is so big that we fully recovered. They have had their dare not stop. These, of course, have repercussion in social conditions-in to be short, and are generally of a the increase of unrest among the topical character. workers and the importation of Com- munist slogans by a small group of We find as a result of a study of agitators. At the same time farthe applications that reach us that reaching political changes have been over ninety per cent ()f those who in progress. Full manhood suffrage apply seem to belong to the younger has only just been put into effect, and generation, and about seventy per cent party government is developing along of the total to the otherwise unreached new lines.-New Yark Times. country population. Quite an appreciable percentage definitely state their

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Korea Attitude Toward Japan The petitiDn shows that the endow- ment 'Of the Drganizqti.on consists 'Of I N KOREA, Japan has made almost $63,000 received in wills more than as brilliant a record in the material seventy~five years ago in which the development of the country in the donors directed that the inCDme be twenty years of its occupation from used for colonization. 1910 to 1930 as the United States has made in the Philippines in the same The application in the Supreme time. But, as in the Philippines, there Court was made necessary in 'Order tD is an almost unanimous demand for get permission to divert the income independence on the part of all edu- from the purpose f.or which the funds cated or awakened Koreans. They were originally intended. Dr. ThDmas make three indictments against Jap- Jesse Jones, WhD has been interested anese rule: (1) Its policy of "assim- in the education 'Of Negroes fDr ilation" or absorption, that would J ap- twenty years, signed the petition a·skanize everything and ignore or blot ing apprDval of apprDpriatiDns made out much that Koreans hold most 'Out of the funds 'Of the sDciety, 'Of dear; (2) the dictatorship of an auto- which he is secretary. – New York cratic foreign rule which makes all Times. the laws, appoints and holds all the chief offices themselves, and allows Position of WOlllen in Uganda much less liberty than in the Philippines or India; and (3) the economic T HE SynDd of 1930 will long be rediscrimination under which so many membered in the Church in Uganda impoverished Korean farmers are los- as one in which attentiDn was concening their land, while the Japanese reap trated 'On the po·sition of WDmen and the chief benefits in industry and com- 'On the cDnceptiDn 'Of Christian marmerce. The Koreans were left by riage. Two years before twelve WDmtheir own former government, that en delegates had been welcomed for was considered "the worst in Asia," the first time, but these were aU indolent and sadly divided among Europeans. NDW it has been decided themselves. But under the stern com- unanimously that at all future synDds pulsion of Japanese rule from without twelve African women shall have their and the inner impulse of a growingly place as members, and that three Christian civilization and education, women shall sit on the ruri-decanal Korea is making gratifying progress. councils. Japan will have to choose between making her like an embittered Ireland An epDch-marking decision was or like a prosperous and loyal Canada. reached about the rights of widows. -Sherwood Eddy, in "The Church- Hitherto they have been poorly proman." vided for as a rule. The synod agreed that the wife is the first to be con- AFRICA -sidered in the will 'Of a Christian man, and that not less than 'One-third 'Of the Would Spend $82,267 on Liberian prDperty ShDUld be left tD her.

Schools It is interesting tD note that the members 'Of synod included the kings BECAUSE colonization of Amer- of Buganda, BunyorD, and TDrD, the ican Negroes in Liberia is no katikiro 'Of Buganda and 'Of BunyorD, longer feasible, the New York State and other prominent African officials Colonization Society, organized in and chiefs, as well as clergy and lay 1855 to colonize "people of cDlDr of delegates. the United States 'On the coast of Africa, and thrDugh them civilize the The BishDp writes: "Such a body, African tribes," tDok legal steps in the educated and alive 'On mDral questiDns, Supreme CDurt, June 24, to spend and animated by the spirit of wisdDm $82,267 of its future incDme to aid and 'Of love, which is the Spirit of Liberia in education and sanitatiDn. GDd Himself, is and shDuld become increasingly an influence 'Of incalcu-

lable power in the country."-Church NORTH AMERICA Missionary Outlook. Twenty-five Years of Association Wonderful for Reducing Swelled Work Heads THE work of the Y. W. C. A. with K USITA, one of the oldest and Negro girls and women over a pe- staunchest of native Christian riod of twenty-five years was the subleaders in Sachikela, West Central ject recently for an interview of length Africa, was slowly sinking beneath the in the New York World. Since the chloroform administered by Doctors Negro girls and women have become Henry S. Hollenbeck and H. Veazie a part of the Y. W. C. A. the work has Markham, preparatory to a leg opera- grown from one center until today tion. A -steady stream of talk had there ar.e sixty-five branches, 150 issued from the old man's lips as the trained workers, 20,000 girls of teen anesthetic was taking effect. "Lord," age, more than 20,000 adults and 10,- he said, "it is not by their knowledge 000 girls employed in industrial and nor their skill that they are curing me, business pursuits to attest to its realbut by thy favor, Oh Lord. I trust ity and growth. Eva D. Bowles, who Thee to cure me and direct these is on the national staff and has helped doctors." Which, by and all, was not to integrate the programs so that the a bad point of view. – Missionary Negroes are included in all phases of Herald. the work, began her career approxi- mately twenty-five years ago. She as- Bantu Student Conference sumed her first position with the newly organized Y. W. C. A. for col- T HE Bantu -section of the Student ored girls in New York City. "There Christian Association of South is no way of authoritatively gauging Africa, held in June a representative the potent and wide-spread influence and interracial conference of students exerted by the Young Women's Chrisand other leaders of religious and so- tian Association among Neg roe s cial life. The purpose of the confer- throughout the nation in the last ence was to discover anew the mes- twenty-five years. Miss Bowles is sage and meaning of Christianity; to happy in the thought that the women interpret the will of a loving, active of her race have proved themselve-s God whose purposes for man go deeper capable of managing large budgets, of than surface appearances indicate; to being articulate in developing their determine how a knowledge of the will program in directing large staffs of of God through Christ may become workers."-American Friend. more effectively implicated in the practical problems of our life in South Lutheran Home MiS$ions Council of Africa; and finally to acquire, in larger measure, the secret of God's America gift of power, and to understand and obtain more of the adequacy of Jesus' THIS is the newest development in life and method of love. American Missions. The title i-s appealing-"Lutheran Home Missions The conference was representative Council of America." Five Lutheran of Bantu student life throughout bodies united to form it in Chicago, South Africa, and drew delegates from July 1st and 2d. Every vote after adjacent territories. In addition to thorough discussion was unanimous. the 150 Bantu students who attended We were conscious of the immediate there were present some 50 or 60 presence and guidance of God. European student.s from universities of the country. Early this year the Board of Amer- ican Missions of the United Lutheran Church issued an invitation to the presidents of the Norwegian Lutheran Church, Augustana Synod, United Danish Church, Joint Synod of Ohio

1930J WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and Iowa Synod to send representa- good or for ill, in the way it is tives to consider the advisability of transacted.

closer approach and cooperation in I propose that this convention create home missions in America. All of a special committee, or instruct the them responded favorably and ap- social service department of the ex- pointed delegates. They met in Chi- ecutive council, to make a thorough cago, and revealed a harmony of spirit investigation and study of the whole and clarity of vision which promise question of the church and industry great things. in this diocese, and to report their This is the plan; All Lutheran findings to the next meeting of this bodies in America are to be invited to convention. – From a Diocesan Ad- join the Lutheran Home Missions dress by Bishop Edwin A. Penick, Council. It is to be as widely repre- "Churchman."

sentative as it can be made. No group however small will be overlOl)ked. The Sununer Church Camps O field is the Western Hemisphere. Our NE of the most significant achieve- ments of the Brotherhood of St. aim is to establish and extend the Lutheran Church in Canada, the Andrew in recent years has been the United States including Alaska, the initiation and development of Church West Indies, Mexico, Central America camps for training in Christian leader- and South America. The possibilities ship. The object is to do two things.

are limitless. What an opportunity to First, to create a desire for leadership demonstrate Lutheran solidarity. – in the Church on the part of these Dr. F. F. Fry, in "News Bulletin" of growing young men. Second, to take National Luthemn Council. that desire and mould it and encour- age it in order to produce trained, Church in South to Study Labor deeply spiritual leadership in the DURING the past year North Caro- churchmen of tomorrow. lina has suffered from a notorious The methods used in these camps amount of undesirable publicity grow- are threefold; first, Sane Recreation; ing out of certain unfortunate inci- second, Sane Instruction; third, Sane dents in more than one industrial Religion. It is the testimony of centre. I trust that we shall not as- parishes, which have continuously sent sume that all is well and that trouble young men to attend these camps, that will never return again. they have returned bettered in every The fact is that industry is mi- way for their contacts made therein.

grating to the south and to the Pied- As one young man put it, "The camp mont section of the south. Oonditions stiffened my spiritual and moral back- of life and methods of work are chang- bone."-Living Church.

ing swiftly and with this economic transformation the church must keep Winner of the Spingarn Medal H pace. ENRY A. HUNT, Negro principal The problem is so enormous and so of the Fort Valley High and In- complex that expert knowledge in dustrial School, is the winner of the economics is required to understand sixteenth annual Spingarn Medal, some of its simplest ramifications. awarded to the American citizen of And yet it is a human problem. And African descent for "most distin- wherever human beings are concerned guished achievement in some honor- there is the interest and the business able field of human endeavor."

of the church. We refuse to admit The medal has been awarded to Mr.

that "business is business." We be- Hunt "for twenty-five years of modest, lieve rather that business like all cor- faithful, unselfish, and devoted service porate endeavor is ideally related to in the education of Negroes of rural the Kingdom of God for the simple Georgia. In the face of great difficul- reason that people are involved, for ties he has built up an excellent school

and has at all times advanced the cause The average attendance for the of hi-s race with tact, skill and in- Sabbath morning services in these tegrity." places shows a total -of over 27,000 persons; at the evening meetings The committee on award included: during the week the average attend- Theodore Roosevelt, Governor of ance is 8,550. At the women's meet- Porto Rico, and James H. Dillard, Di- ings during the week the average atrector of the Jeanes and Slater Funds. tendance is 8,200. Some of the con- -New York Times. gregations show an average attend- ance of from 300 to almo-st 900; for Home Missionaries Needed example, at Assiut (not including the college or the Pressly Memorial Insti- SEVERAL positions will be open in tute) the average attendance is 880; the fall under the Woman's Home at Nekhelia it is 600; at El Kom el Missionary Society. Among the most Akdar it is 410; and at each of tWG urgent calls are the following: Home Cairo cGngregations it is over 400. Economics teachers in mountain and N egr-o schools; an instructor in There are 117 'Ordained ministers science in a white schGol, who has had of whom 103 are pastors of CGngregatwenty-four semester hours work in tions. There are 31 licensed preachers science and twelve semester hours and 'Over 500 irregular teachers in the work in education, and whG can teach Egyptian Church. There are 10 c'Onphysics in 1930-31; a music and art gregatiGns in the city of CairG which teacher in a white school. A training have their own pastors and of these 5 school also needs an instructor in so- are entirely self-supporting; 281 Sabcial welfare and psychology who holds bath schoGls with 23,683 pupils and a Master's degree; an instructor with 1,067 teachers; 214 day and boarding a similar degree to offer theory courses schools identified with this Evangelical and supervise the demonstration school Church, of which 151 are for boys and in the department of kindergarten 63 for girls, with an attendance of education; also a teacher of either 12,263 boys and young men, and 6,940 public school art and voice, or teacher girls, i. e., a t()tal of 19,203, 'Of whom of the kindergarten demonstration 3,974 are M'Ohammedans. There are school and voice. Miss Muriel Day, 127 young pe'Ople's organizatiGns with 420 Plum Street, Cincinnati, Ohio, will a membership of 4,474. supply applicatiGn blank and further information. The total budget for carrying on all the w'Ork conducted by the Church in WESTERN ASIA Egypt amounts to over $420,000. It is true that this includes 'Over $250,000 Evangelical Ohurch in Egypt income from schools and which is not, therefGre, to be oonsidered as gen- I T MAY interest the Church at home uinely given for the support of evan- to have some of the following data gelistic work. Yet there is an expense concerning the Church in Egypt: of $150,000 for the conduct 'Of the churches, including 'Over $37,000 for There are 20,200 communicants in the running expenses 'Of the congrethe churches between Alexandria and gations and over $22,000 for the evanthe Sobat River in the Sudan. There gelization of districts from these conare fully twice that number who gregations.-Dr. R. S. McClenahan, in gather with these members, so that "The United Pre8byterian." one may think of this Protestant c-ommunity in Egypt as being from 50,000 Health Wagon in the Near East to 60,000. There are 451 centers of preaching, of which 126 are organized THE itinerant health service ()f the congregations and 325 are larger or Near East Foundation is a g'Ood smaller gatherings for w 0 r s hip, example of its welfare and educati'Onal usually without their church buildings w'Ork in Bible lands, which already has at the present time. Often the meetings are held in private homes, whether in the cities or villages.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

been divided into some 21 projects. of the New Testament. They have Health wagons serve poverty-stricken, done it to compare the Christian doctorless and nurseless villages in Scriptures with the Koran, but the Armenia and Syria. Capable nurses, sword of the Spirit has entered the most of whom have been trained in heart of Islam. the American orphanage schools, combat disease and attack causes-insani- Treaty for Iraq Independence tary conditions, filth, physical neglect, ignorance, undernourishment. A wag- A HUGE financial burden is to be on visits 30 to 40 villages a month, lifted from the shoulders of Britgiving 5,000 to 8,000 treatments each ish taxpayers by the termination of a year. The nurses carry their own Britain's mandatory control of Iraq medicines, antiseptics, disinfectants, (Mesopotamia) . canned food, bedding, courage and cheer. They perform minor surgical A treaty was signed in Baghdad operations, set bones, treat ailments, July 1st by the British High Commisteach proper child care-one has ex- sioner and the Iraq Ministers, under tracted 484 teeth. Improved sanitary which Iraq will aut.omatically come and living conditions follow the into complete independence on entermonthly visits to the villages, where ing the League of Nations in 1932. the native home is often a windowless, The treaty provides that Iraq will aschimneyless, furnitureless stone-and- sume sole responsibility for its own Bod shelter for both family and cattle. affairs, for maintaining internal se- curity and, subject to the terms of the Four of these wagons are now in alliance, for the defense of the counoperation. Ten more are needed. The try against foreign aggression. Furitinerant health wagon service costs thermore, Britain will recognize the $225 a month; $665 equips a wagon; automatic termination of her manda- $490 pays a nurse's salary for a year. tory responsibilities as soon as the Near East Foundation, Cleveland E. treaty comes into operation. All Brit- Dodge, president, ha·s been incor- ish forces are to be withdrawn from porated at the request of the board of Hinaidi, a big air-force station seven trustees of Near East Relief to carry miles from Baghdad, and from Mosul on this and twenty other types of within a period of five years from the service to rural and refugee people in enforcement .of the treaty, when Iraq Bible lands. – R e cor d of Christian will lease to Britain three air bases Work. to the west of the Euphrates and Shat- aI-Arab. Moslems Read the Bible The treaty will be operative for T HERE never W3iS a time when twenty-five years, but any time after there was such readiness to receive twenty years a new pact may be neand read the printed page, or when gotiated for the safety of the main Moslems all over the Moslem world air routes and British imperial comwere so eager to posse·ss themselves munications. of Christian literature and to study it. The unrest in Islam today is un- Any disagreement is to be referred doubtedly largly due to the fact that to the Council of the League of Nathe Moslems have taken to reading, tions. and as they read they realize that they themselves and Islam are behind the The extreme Nationalists are not times and want to be brought up to satisfied with the treaty. Neither is date. The EI-Azhar University in the European business community. Cairo, the stronghold of Islam, has But moderate opinion here is that the purchased a thousand copies of the treaty is the method of moving from Bible in Arabic and a thousand copies the status of a mandated territory to independence. The religious minori- ties, Jews and Christians, want the British to remain.-New York Times.

EUROPE requests from some of the bishops overseas for guidance in the problems Proposed Protestant Credit Associa- with which they were confronted. At each succeeding conference the needs tion of the younger churches have de- manded increasing'attention, and it is THE Protestant churches of the not surprising that at the end of a Continent are gradually recover- decade of unparalleled growth, mo·st ing from the impoverishment caused .of the discussions will vitally concern by the World War, but the struggle the future of these younger churches. to maintain their churches and schools is still severe. To start any new work There was a time when the probwithout borrowing money for build- lems facing the younger and older ing operatIons and purchase of land churches were largely different, but is out of the question. Nowhere in that time has passed. Does the church Europe is money obtainable for less in India, China, Dr Persia feel that than 12 or 13%. In Poland 18% is Christian unity is essential if it is tD the rule. The Central Bureau of Re- bear witness effectively? The need lief of the Evangelical Churches of here is identical, although it seems Europe, in, Geneva, is working hard to be far too little recognized, especion the project of a Protestant Credit ally by the laity. A divided church Association w h i c h will furnish cannot meet the challenge of the preschurches and institutions with loans ent situation. at a moderate -rate of interest. Europeans are experienced in the handling To the C. M. S. has been given the of such cooperative enterprises, and privilege and responsibility .of sharwith some assistance from America ing in the building up .of the church in the raising of a capital fund, this in thirty-tWD dioceses overseas. We plan shDuld be successfully put thank God for the vigor and devotion through. It would be a great boon to of the younger churches; we realize the European churches, for many in- -something of their difficulties and stitutions and parishes, who.se needs their shDrtcomings, and pray that tD would scarcely justify emergency re- them, as to us, may come renewal of lief, are terribly hard up for lack of life through the power of the Holy an adequate plant. Spirit.-Church Missionary Outlook.

First Ordination of French Woman English Items THE first woman to be ordained a THE warm tribute paid by the Si- minister in French Protestantism mon Report to Christian missions was recently consecrated to the min- has given great pleasure to our misistry. sionary societies. Sir John Simon himself visited several mis-sion hos- Mlle. Bertsch has -served for three pitals and schools while in India on years as pastor of the Reformed the work of his Commission …… A Church of Mulhouse, showing so much writer in the Scots Observer points tact and capacity and fidelity that no out that Miss Amy Johnson's achieveobjection was raised against her or- ment would have been impossible but dination.-Record of Christian Work. for Foreign Missions. It was the pas- tor of a native church who sheltered Lambeth Conference and C. M. s. her when she landed at TimDr. What "T AMBETH 1930" claims a large if that had still been a cannibal is- land? …… The annual meeting of L place in .our thDUghts and the Conference of British Missionary Societies stressed the need of Chrisprayers this mDnth. The Conference tian literature for China and Africa. meets at a critical moment in the life -London Correspondence of T"M .of the Church here and .overseas, and Churchman. the responsibility of those who take part in it can scarcely be exaggerated.

The first Lambeth Conference was held in 1867, and owed its origin tD

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt ofprice.-THE REVIEW.

The Philippines Past and Present. By have been added by Ralston Hayden, Dean C. Worcester. 862 pp. $6. Professor of Political Science in the Macmillan. New York. University of Michigan. Two maps, 144 plates, a bibliography and six ap- The name of Worcester stands high pendices add to the value and attracon the roll of Americans who have tiveness of this monumental work, and rendered distinguished service to their a copious index makes its vast stores country and to other lands. When, in of information easily available for 1900, President McKinley decided to reference. appoint a Philippine Commission, the public at once felt that the eminent Jungle Portraits. By Delia J. Akeley. 251 pp. $3.50. Macmillan. New York. Professor 0:( Zoology in the University of Michigan would be appointed a member of it, for he had spent three It would be difficult to mention a and a half years in the Archipelago as more fascinating book of travel than a zoological collector half a decade be- this. The author made three expedifore it came under American control tions to Africa with her husband and so that he knew it better than any a fourth visit with no white comother American. He served as a mem- panions at all. In this volume she deber of the Commission for thirteen scribes some of the most interesting years (1900-1913) and for twelve experiences of these journeys-advenyears of that period he was Secretary tures with elephants, crocodiles, apes of the Interior in the Government. and pygmies. She penetrated far into He was an influential factor in the the heart of the Dark Continent, livlarge and important work of legisla- ing for weeks in native villages whose tion and reconstruction. He was a rude inhabitants had seldom, and in masterful and determined man and he some instances never, seen a white made some enemies; but no one ques- woman, enduring all sorts of privationed his ability and integrity as an tions, and passing through an astonadministrator, his thorough scientific ishing number of startling adventures knowledge of the Philippines and his and hairbreadth escapes. She tens the devotion to what he believed to be story in a remarkably graphic and their best interests. In 1914, he pub- interesting way and at the same time lished in two volumes the result of his makes a valuable addition to the observations and experience, volumes world's knowledge of African scenery. which were at once recognized as the fauna, flora and peoples, including the most complete and authoritative ac- elusive and little known pygmies. Few count of the Islands. chapters in any book of adventure are The present work is a revised edi- more thrilling than the account of her tion in one handsome volume of the night journey of many miles through original two-volume work. All the valu- the jungles to rescue her husband who able material in the former edition has had been wounded by an enraged elebeen retained but the record has been phant and deserted by his frightened brought down to date, a biographi- native attendants. She took many cal sketch of the author, who died photographs, fifty of which are reproin 1924, and four additional chapters duced in this handsome volume. In 717

spite of her nerve-racking experiences, in New England. His environment, this indomitable explorer is now in therefore, has been advantageous for Africa again, living among the pyg- writing such a story. The chapters mies and making a special study of which relate to the gold rushes, social their life, having undertaken this fifth and intellectual growth, and economic expedition under the auspices of the development are capital.

Brooklyn Museum. The author deems it necessary to correct the many misapprehensions What Is Lutheranism1 Edited by Vir- existent about the climate of Alaska.

gilius Fern. 307 pp. $2.50. Mac- When it is recalled that Alaska is in millan. New York. the same latitude as Norway, Sweden This is a symposium by twelve Lutheran writers all of whom answer and Finland, has a larger arable area the same question. As a result there is some repetition but not enough to than those three countries, and that lesson interest. On the other hand there are significant differences of they support populations running into viewpoint and emphasis and even of opInIOn. While claiming for Luth- millions, it can be seen that climatic eranism a unique unity the writers nevertheless admit the existence of conditions will not ultimately act a8 a differences among Lutherans which are unmistakably wider than some of barrier against the incoming of a the differences between the Lutherans who wrote this book and many non- large population. This is especially Lutherans. true in view of the fact that the reo The identical claims which these authors make for Lutheranism are sources of Alaska are opulent. made by many other Christians for their groups, and many a Presbyterian This volume may be commended to reading here would think that some fellow Presbyterian was setting forth those who wish to have within a rea. their common Presbyterian faith, when as a matter of fact the writer sonable compass an authoritative his.

tory of this possession of the United States. The story of the purchase of Alaska is well told and reads like a romance.

In such a fine volume as this one regrets to find that the silly legend relating to the undue influence of early Presbyterian missionaries at Washington is given so much cre- dence. A. J. MONTGOMERY.

is claiming something which he re- A Padre in Paraguay. By C. E. Newbould. gards as peculiarly and only Lutheran. 192 pp. $2.40. Macmillan. New York.

One is struck by the expected em- This volume contains the narration phasis on the death of Christ and on by a Church of England clergyman of justification by faith, but by the un- his experiences in Argentina, Para· expected neglect of emphasis on the guay and southwestern Brazil during Resurrection. Some of the writers do the twenty years he spent there. He not mention it at all. The affirmations tells of his contacts with the British and inclusions of this volume are in these regions and among them a noble, but its denials and exclusions group of Englishmen who, having are a sad indication of how little after tried a socialistic venture in Australia, all we really know of one another in settled in the wilds of Paraguay. Of the evangelical household. interest to American readers is the ROBERT E. SPEER. author's point of view regarding the Roman Catholic clergy in South HistorY of Alaska. Henry W. Clark. America and his pleasant encounters $2.50. Macmillan. New York. with them.

This modest volume of about 200 He describes his experiences among pages is easily the best modern his- the Indians, explaining many of their tory of that neglected territory. The ancient customs and traditions in a author was born in Alaska and trained most ~ympathetic way. His style is

BOOKS WORTH READING

interesting and intimate, since the missionary, we find the same mingled book is issued "chiefly for his many strength and tenderness that General friends," as we are told in the preface. Gordon had, and rare skill and devo- The atmosphere of remote places is tion in dealing single-handed with the well conveyed to the reader. A chap- wild children of barbarism.

ter describing life in a Brazilian min- ing town is especially impressive. The Lady Missionaries in Many Lands. By E. book is apparently intended for Brit- R. Pitman, $1.

ish readers. It contributes little in- Tells in a bright, readable way the formation concerning Latin American life stories of Ann H. Judson, of Bur- life. S. G. INMAN. mah; Mrs. George Johnston, of the West Indies; Mrs. Samuel Gobat, of Two Pioneers: Life Sketches of Thomas Abyssinia; Mrs. Wilkinson, of Zulu- and Mark Botham of the China Inland land, and Mrs. David Cargill, of the Friendly and Fiji Islands. Mission. By Mrs. Mark Botham. Il- lustrations and map. 168 pp. 58. Mar- shal!, Morgan & Scott. London. 1929. In the Land of the Santals. By Mathew A. Pederson. Revell, New York. $1.25. There is something fascinating and challenging about these sketches of A story of people in North India, two pioneers, father and son, in the describing their lives and customs in far northwest of China. Both were an interesting way. sturdy trail blazers, the former open- ing up that part of China to the Gos- pel in the "'80's" and "'90's" of the BRIEF MENTION last century, the latter constituting the Among the smaller books that have vanguard of specialized missionary ef- recently been published several are fort in behalf of the millions of Chi- now upon our desk that deserve mennese Moslems for whom nothing tion in this department of "Books adequate has even yet been done. The Worth Reading." passionate zeal and unremitting labors of these heroic souls consumed their THE EASTERN COLOUR OF THE BIBLE physical powers before either had (Revell, New York. $1.20), by George lived half the normal span of human H. Scherer, Secretary of the Bible life. But their lives, lived on a lofty Lands Sunday School Union for Chrisspiritual plane and invested in the tian Education, is a well written and noblest of enterprises, bore rich fruit- helpful account of the lives, customs age. The aged widow of Thomas and spirit of the men and women of Botham and a sister of Mark Botham the Old and New Testaments. are still serving devotedly in the China Inland Mission in that distant RED MEN ON THE BIG HORN (Jud- Chinese province of Kansu. The book, son Press, New YQrk. $1) is by Coe written by the widow of the younger Hayne, the well-known Secretary of Botham, displays literary talent, and the American Baptist Home Mission presents interesting pictures of Chi- Society and Chairman of the Joint nese life in the interior and useful Committee on Literature of the Home information about the little-known Missions Council. He tells in a graph- Moslems of that region. A foreword ic way the story of the famous chiefis supplied by Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer. tain, Swift Eagle, based on legends of the Crow Indians as told by Chief R. H. GLOVER. Plenty Crows to his son. The book is full of human interest and is attrac- Captain Allen Gardiner. By Jesse Page. tively illustrated.

80 cents. IN THE WAITING ISLES (Judson A splendid story of a radiant life Press, New York. $1.25) Charles S.

entrusted with the souls of men living Detweiler, Secretary for South Amer- in ignorance and superstition. In this ica of the American Baptist Home fine naval officer who became a great Mission Society, has described his

rich and varied experience as a mis- accept their share of responsibility in sionary among Spanish-speaking peo- making that ideal a reality; and for ples. No man better knows Cuba, all who believe in educating for peace.

Haiti, Porto Rico and the adjacent The eifectivenes,s of many sermons islands, and we do not see how any- and of many addresses at conferences one could have presented their salient and other meetings is so frequently characteristics and their religious marred by faulty delivery, that every- needs in a more cogent way. one who is called upon to preach or INDIA LOOKS TO HER FUTURE speak should read SPEAKING IN PUB- (Friendship Press, New York. $1) LIC, by Arthur Stevens Phelps, (Richis from the competent pen of Oscar ard R. Smith, New York. $2). While MacMillan Buck, Professor of Mis- the book is intended primarily for sions and Comparative Religion in ministers, its wisdom and breadth Drew Theological Seminary. Those make it a good book for all public who do not have the time or inclina- speakers. The author writes out of tion to read the large books on India, long and successful experience as the and who are confused by the conflict- Professor of Public Speaking in the ing reports in the daily press, will find Berkeley Baptist Divinity School.

in this compact little volume just the "AAYI"-GLIMPSES OF ROSALIE HAR- reliable information that they desire. VEY, by A. Donald Miller. (45 pp. Pa- The Church Mi,ssionary Society of per, 50c. Mission to Lepers. London.) the Church of England has set a good This little booklet is a sympathetic example to other missionary boards account of an honored missionary of in publishing the story of its mission- the Zenana Bible and Medical Mission aries' work in the year 1929-1930 in in India, who has labored in a spirit an attractive little volume under the of beautiful devotion for those whom title PRESSING FORWARD (C. M. S., the author calls, "her friends, the London. 40c). lepers."

WHAT'S RIGHT WITH THE RURAL THE MADCAP FAMILY, by Amy Le CHURCH (Presbyterian Board of Feuvre (Pickering and Inglis, London. Christian Education, Philadelphia. $1) is another volume in the Golden 75c paper, $1 cloth) is a suggestive Crown Library Series of books for application of Christian principles to children, the object being to present the problems of rural life, by Ralph the Christian life in the form' of an A. Felton. It presents a large and interesting story. It is an excellent varied amount of information and is book for the Sunday-school library and conveniently arranged for use as a for home reading to boys and girls.

textbook. The following five books are from the publishing hou,se of Pickering and EDUCATING FOR PEACE (Pilgrim Inglis, London, all written from the Press, Boston. $2), by Elizabeth Mil- viewpoint of the verbal inspiration ler Lobingier and John Leslie Lobing- and inerrancy of the Bible and for the ier, is an excellent book for teachers purpose of strengthening faith and who want their work to count in the devotion. cause of world friendship; for parents who want international-mindedness THE INSPIRATION AND ACCURACY OF reflected in the home atmosphere; for THE HOLY SCRIPTURES, by John Urministers who desire to see the church quhart, ($2), discusses the Scripture become an educator for world peace; doctrine of inspiration, the genesis of for church school workers who desire rationalism, and critical results tested to include in the religion they teach by modern discovery. THE GOSPEL OF the most vital problem in the world THE BIBLE, by W. E. Vine, M.A. ($1), today; for the rank and ,file of patri- deals with the central evangelical otic citizens who cherish the ideal of themes of the Bible and the manner world brotherhood and are ready to in which they should be taught. DIF-